■i?," I I " »< H » » « «* i»7i.>^4^. ?fiy f»:\\ i^:^7C I'library of congress. "^j ^^}3] i Chap. ....i:..5!S'.':|. Shelf ^.':.:.^..-.. .il UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. | '^^->^^^Y^^^ c», c>>^ ■^5>tM'«>;'>J'i «•>, C» ^'\xcv. »G>^ HICAL -OB^- ilif 6 niiS |i^iefe0ii €i0(imftet '3ifr>^ m mtmm l|..i^ Containino; Portraits of all the Presidents of the United States, with accompanying Biographies of each, and Hngravings of Prominent Citizens of the Coun- ties, with Personal Histories of many of the Early Settlers and Leadino- Families. Biography is the only true history." — Emerson. THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1891. (L^^ PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Geoigp Wasliiugtou 'J John Adams H Thomas Jeffdrsou 21) James MaiUsou 20 James Monroe ^2 John (Jniiicy Ailam> 38 Iladi'evv Jackson 47 Martin Van Uuren 02 William Heiirv Harrison oli John Tyler. . .' 00 James K. Polk O-l ZiL-harv Taylor 08 jNIillard Fillmore 73 Franklin Pierce 70 James Buchanan SO Abraham Lincoln 81 Andrew Jolinsou !jr> Ulysses S. Grant !lO Hntherlord D. IIaye> 102 J ames A. Garfield lOt) Chester A. Arthur llo Grover Cleveland 117 Benjamin Harrison liO :®4— '- HISTORY OF CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES u BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Allen, I. N 28.> Alton, A. C :J28 Anderson, Gander 14:i Andeison, H. F "J."!!) Anderson, Knud 172 Anderson, S. M l.iO Anderson, T. A 34") Andrews, G. C 213 Andrews, Xicholas *37 Archer, Levi 'i'Jiy Argyle, A. S 2ilO Armitage, W. K 26J Ar(|uelte, Joseph 378 Ayer, Ciilleu. ... 361) Baillet, J. H 102 Baker, Jacob 239 Baker, Micliael 218 Ballon, Alvah 186 Barber, J. L 142 Barnum, L K I.i3 Barr, L C ini Bass, A. D 371 Bates, U. J 20.') Beach wood, George 218 Beardsley, S. D 134 Begley, t. K 205 Begley, W. H 207 Behm, F. W 318 Bei I fuss. A. J 20 1 Berg, Balthasar 242 Bergseth, Knird S 144 Bever. Peter 2in Boardman, K. A 331 Bolger, John l!)l Boon, K. JI 104 Boi-den, E KW ]5owerman, J 346 P.raat/,, Richard 102 Bracket!, 11 1 203 Bradford, C. J[ 312 15rasier, J. F 311 Braulin, M. F ■2'2H Breakey, G. M 244 Brock wav, K. L 1 72 Brooks, y,. F :!72 Brown, A. S 3(i."> Bro»n, B. J 208 Brown, J. I 3.i3 Bruno, Benjamin 308 Bryden. James 208 Bilker, Frederick 304 Bnllard, A. J 373 Buugea, Joseph , 338 Burke. George 2.53 Burt, W. E 1.55 Buttery, Austin 338 Button, J. L 286 Calleuder, H. C i.>87 Cameron, Ale\. A ^Jy Canfield, K. AV 183 Cannon, Dennis -joo Carleton, C. F 2iil Carleton, T. V :^:!4 Carpenter, David 228 Caslner, John 1.54 Caves, \Vm., Jr i:,<) Chandler, C. L 3;i<) Charles, John 27i Chase, H. S \:ir, Christenson, O. C ;;28 Christian, C. W I;i5 Clark, J. B -01 Clark, J. II ::i4() Clark, Marcus 240 Colburn, J. W HiO Collins, fSylvester 3:):^ Cooper, Eiank 281 Cornwell. () soo (.'ornell, M gvo Covert, James A :;;i2 Covey, Joseph i:!l Co.\, John LiO Curran, 11. E 250 Dailey, J. M 373 Dankemeyer, A. F 285 CONTENTS. Davis, D. R 255 Davis, H. W 359 Decider, H. W 183 ])e Lane, James o39 Dewey, C. W 32G Dingley, A 179 Distelborst, F. A 240 l)ouj;las, Mark 177 Douglas, Uobeit 231 Douse, Wm 174 Downer, F 137 Downer, Homer 310 Downer, Noble 309 Drinkwiue, George 337 Drink wine, Lary 327 Duxburv. Joseph 341 Dwyer, Frank 278 Dwyer, Jobn 105 Dykins, C. W 195 Ebbe.C. II 301 EijgeU, Uobert 131 Eble, E. A 307 Emerson, Andrew 375 Escb.S. II 189 Faming, Frank 352 Faming, John T 330 Faming, Wm. M 2T2 Fessenden, H.J 211 Fike, Ira 154 Finch, A. O 289 Filzmaurice. T 354 Flanagan, Wm. J 190 Flick, Mrs. M. A 270 Foote, Charles 141 Fraulz, (leorge 147 Free, Thomas 343 Free, William 158 French, 15. T 352 Fricke, William 347 Fuller, .M. K lOfi Fulls, F. M 272 Gallaher, L. W 225 (iarlield, Gi'orge . . .374 Gales, Jane 194 (iaies, S. I. 320 Gaylord, E 28S (Jergen, William 148 Gibson. Joseph 297 Gilberlson. I. W 319 Gilbo, John 331 (Jile, U. II 197 Glidden, VV. II. II 250 Goodvin, A. L 216 (iower, EG 235 Green, J.J 330 (ireen, Jane 194 G 1 i Hi n, 1 1 i ram 223 Hall, Elizabeth 245 Hank, Oren 335 Hannah, C. J 132 llansmann, August J 334 HardLson, I) 201 Harlow, F. M 3il0 Hariner, P. I 251 Hart, G. J 270 Haskiu, C. T 295 Heaslett, Ma.xwell 346 Heath, Andrew 29(5 Heath, M. V 2r,8 Hendrickson, V 102 Hertel, J. T 332 Hilton, W. It 107 Hjerleid, Syver 133 Holden, E. M 224 Hollenbeck, C. E 181 Homsted, Augustus- 237 Ilorr, H. J 1S4 Honswill, Wm 316 Hosley, G. I) 277 Ilowden. Samuel 322 Huber, Wm 318 Ilubbell, II 152 Hubble, J. W 15fi Ilugoboom, S 23G Humke, 11. S 324 Hummel. R. S 159 Hunter, T, P 163 Huntley, Wm 302 Hunlzicker, Henrv 361 Hatchings, S. E .". 132 Hyslip, C. W 344 Jahn, C. F 374 James, A. Iv 374 Jensen, A. F. F 238 Jensen, f'liris 260 Jerald, II. V 226 Jerard, Wm 307 Johnson, J. A 302 Johnson, Lewis 157 Joseph, S. F 330 J uslice, D o45 Kapellen, Matt . . . I Keach, C. M . . Kennedy, Daniel. 212 190 338 Kinne, b. J gio Klein, P. J 107 Klopf, J. G 210 Krupp, C. A 222 La Bossier, H :!62 I La Rudde, Theo .224 La Fleui-, C. P 131 Lamb, ;Miles -lAT, I Laniz, P. F 'J,58 ' Larson, Anthony 164 1 Larson, Christian 163 ! Larson, L. W 370 j Lee, F. A 303 ! Lee, T. Fisk 340 j Lehnerd, Jo-eph 149 \ Leslie, George ]3(5 ' Lewis, E. J 170 ' Limpi'echt, F. A ]82 Livingstone, James lijl Lucken, J. E 240 Ludinglon, (;. A. .. 220 Lyman, Wm. 1! oyi ' Mabie, James 247 Mack, Erastus 141) Mair, Alex 319 I Manes, N. B 255 j Mantpy. Albert 281 Harden, Wm. II 364 Markbam. Curtis 171 Markham, M. S 169 Marsh, A. B 176 Marsh, J. C 141 Marsh, Nelson 303 Marshall, J. P 260 Marx. John 363 Mason, M 292 Malhison, Ole 190 Malhison, Martin 231 Mattson, J. E 287 Maynard, G. E 253 McAdam,G 239 McCaffery, M 306 McCalvy.'R 263 McCarty, J. A 358 McEwen, George E 333 McGillivrav, J. J 373 McGrogan, J 363 McMilTaD, J.B 234 McNab, J. S 262 McTaggari, D 158 Mead,"Pbilo 330 Mead, W. H 265 Means, D. R 276 Meek, Geoi'ge 215 Meier, Henrv 253 Meinhold, T.'K 180 Merrill, A. D 341 Metcalfe, D. E 380 Allies, Charles C 174 Miller, Emma 193 Miller, J. B 305 Miller, J. C 280 Miller, J. S 317 Mills, H. B 145 Jlills, T. B 353 Moody, J. C 206 Moon, Ole E 259 Moore, Stephen 185 Morrison, Wm 347 Mortibov, E 153 Mosber,'T. G 204 IMurray, Wm. T 329 Nell", Alburtis 335 Nefi", I). A 170 Neville, M 325 Newland, V. B 204 Nicbols, T. H 221 Oderbalz, Ulricli 351 O'Hearn, Oliver 329 O'Hearn, W. R 331 Oldham, Aaron 188 O'Neill, James 257 Owens, S. R 343 Palmer, Hiram 301 Parkhill, G. B 368 Partridge, Charles 244 Patterson, Wm 317 Pederson, Bent 392 Perry, James 139 Perry, J. D 351 Peters, H. C 216 Peters, Ludwig 233 Peterson, Andrew 230 Peterson, C:. C 350 Peterson, Eli as 267 CONTENTS. Peterson, John E -'DO Peterson, Ole lU'") Peterson, ]-{ansoni li"i Philpott, T V, 14(i Poate, W. E l')<> Polleys, A. I) 'iU Pope, c. c '^sa Pope, Jolin 1")7 Popham, G. M ..'4U Poppe, C. G 210 Poppe, Emil 141 Poppe, E. K 2U Poppe, Guatav ;i34 Potter, P. A :n4 Pownder, W. A :«3 Pratt, G. P 304 Pray, H. H 178 Pray, John K 3(iG Preston, Holla 141) Pribbernow, A :iOii Price, H. H Wi Price, \V. T 12!), 382 Pullinc, F. II 283 Purnefl, G. W 242 Pynn, M. K 22i; Quackenbiish, E 31") Ralston, George 233 Kaether, Augusta iTl Kedden, A. E 137 Keineking, Wni 185 Resebnrg, Wm 21(0 Richard, G. \V 258 Kicheleu, C'ai 1 35!) Richmond, .James 213 Ring, L. B 179 Hingrose, Josepli 232 Rodman, L. W 21)1 Rollins, O. P 381 Root, II. M 139 Roy, A. L 238 'Rnsch, B. P 219 Samul.^on, Ole 25!) Sanders, John 188 Sargent, J. H 343 Satterlee & Tift 3.50 Scbaler, Wm 240 Schafer, ,Iohn 237 Schmidt, A. P 235 Schmidt, G. P 233 Schotield, Robert 300 Schroeder, Peter 309 Schwamb, .lacob 343 Schwamb, .lohn 375 Schwarze, II 181 Seif, P. .T 249 Sekien, W. B 2(11 Shanks, Alex 151 Sheeiiun, P. II 2fiG Sheldon, P. .1 212 Short, .lames 370 Sichler, Joseph 209 Sichler, Rupert 219 Slosser, Jolin J 180 Smith, ('.A 379 Smith, Edward 261 Smith, (.;. F 217 Smitli, J. O 367 Smith, W. a 20(i Snyder, A. P 198 Snyder, E. L 199 Sparks, R. W 3.5G Spauldin.-r, D. J 241 Spaulding, Jacob 241 Spencer, I) 175 Steinl'eldt, Jolin 354 Steplieus, S. T 243 .Sterling. J. R 3G7 Sterritsky, Charles 377 Stewart, Jolin 204 Stine, Charles 817 Stow, C. G IGO Sturdevant, Helen 277 Sturdevant, J. R 294 Sturdevant, L 18G Snilicool, Annie 202 Sullivan, John 187 Sylh, James 320 Syth, Jolin 107 Taplin, Wm. W 147 Taylor, H. E 215 Thiel, Herman 335 Thomas, "W. A 355 Tlmmpson, T. K .334 Tilt, J. II 3.50 Tompkins, E/.ra 138 Tom]iUins, Jones 288 Travis, C. B 381 Tufts, \V. S 274 Uerkvilz, P. \V 274 Van Gorden, C. W 313 Varney, C. A. L 203 Varney, H. W 279 Varnum, G. F 317 Vaughan, A. C 293 Vine, Fred J i.")! Vine, T. R ]so Virch, A.N 357 Vollrath, Wm l S7 Vol/,, J. P i!)7 Wage, P. C 1.34 Wagner, Win 200 WaUers, O. F 304 AVariier, JI. B 323 Warner, S. S 225 Welch, Stephen 380 Welsch, Henry, Sr 248 Welsch, Henry, Jr 314 Welsh, Albert 247 Wendt, Henry J 208 Wilding, George, Sr 370 Wilding, George, Jr 371 Wildish, John 142 Williams, D. H 300 Williams, George 309 ^Viltimore, B. C 304 Winter, P. D 3O8 Winter, O. G 254 Winters, J. M 341) Witsic, Tony 1^2 Woodworth, L. J 31.") Yankee, Henry W 209 Youmans, C. A 278 Zassenhaus, Wm 34s Zetsche, Prank 280 Ziglinske, John 17.S PORTRAITS. 'Andrews, Nicholas 337 ■"Cannon, Dennis 209 Douglas, Mark 177 'T'inch, A. O 289 ' Gallaher, L. W 225 ^Livingstone, James 101 "McGillivray, J. J 273 = Miller, J. B 305 ' Mills, II. B 145 Mills, T. B 3.5;! O'Hearne, Oliver 329 O'Hearne, W. R 321 O'Neill, James 257 Price, Hugh H 193 Price, W. T 129 ■ Spaulding, D. J 341 Spaulding, Jacoli 341 (iL-.OIHiE WASHlN(,TON. -I- tji -T»"(g)!scr^e-T-SOIi;s)J •!- ep -I- «J8 -r- 6J9 '["""^"xOli i^®'i>1 EORGE WASHING- TON, the "Father of his Country" and its hrst President, 1789- '97, was born Febru- ary 2-', 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- i.^ » ; moreland Cou n ty, Virginia. •aCL^V)' ^'^ father, Augustine Wash- ^Mt^ ington, first married Jane But- ;^f ^, i«j\ ler, who bore him four chil- ° "^ dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of si.x chil(h-en by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the carlv years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his jiaternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probal)!)' through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Green way Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 175 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training wiih a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that 3'ear the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and Ge irge accompanied him in a voyage to Bai dadoes. They returned earl3' in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing hi 5 large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recentl}' established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by V^irginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accei)tcd the commission with alacrit}' ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Bcruf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back bv a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war,'' which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces i-aised in the colony. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed tiie expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his coimtry to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local nEonoB n'Asn/ivaToN. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure tiicir common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ingt(Mi had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York: "A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible. . . . . When I took commantl of the army, 1 abhorred the idea of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle tliat ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order [irevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed lov the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose of traveling privately, and without attracting an}' nublic attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom they regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, i-egard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place Ajiril 30, in the presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained "the Congress of the United States of America." Tiiere was no change in the original flag of tiie country, and none in the seal, whicli still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, imdcr the great and expressive motto, " E Pluribus Unuui." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled "strict constructionists" and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet, were regarded as the chief leaders, respect ively, of these rising antagonistic parties which have existed, under different names fi-om tiiat day to tliis. Washington 'vas re- gardedas holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June I of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. GEORGE WASHINGTON. '? His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of iibertv within their own limits, hut to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. 01 the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in ever}' State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a fami'.; vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. .,/«?* '4 PRbSIDENTS OF" THE UNITED STATES. "4W ^-'^■'OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1 80 1, was born in the present town of Ouincy, then a portion of Braintree, Massachii- •- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and - industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the stormy world at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a tiniC^g|^3«=i^<=>*f-» ii^*tf--» fH O M A S J E F F E R- son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, 1 801-9, ^\'^s born April 2, 1743, the eldest child of his parents, Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle Count}', Virginia, upon the slopes of the Blue Ridge. When he -was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ing a widow and eight children. She was a beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies bemg mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mary College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, consequently being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded society, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinarily proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he commenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon which he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about $5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton. a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished 9^t^7^. THOMAS JEFFEItSON. n young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slave?; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slavery. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of land upon his large estate at Shadwell, called Monticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magnificent, high-blooded horses. At this period the British Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his ability as a statesman and as a leader. By the vear 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled : " A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with Georg'i Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speech- maker, yet in conversation and upon committees he was so frank and decisive that he always made a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hcjpes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, the hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, only six days before it was adopted. During the three days of the fiery ordeal of criticism through which it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finally sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizing the government of Virginia, of which State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolina, and at one time a British officer, Farleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes after Mr. Jefferson escaped with his family, his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The year 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virginia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a party arose against him throughout the State, severely criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- rounding him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest (jf his days. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for his country! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was feared he never would recover! Several weeks -4 PRES/DE.VrS OF THE C/,V/TED STATES. passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. JefTerson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimously and without a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 17S4, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territory. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anybody or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce witli foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactorily accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was " the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simplicity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, he found two parties respecting the foreign commercial poHcy, Mr. Adams sympatliizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secretary of State. At this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of the Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved by Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to- reproach him with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January i, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to the office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in anything public ! But, while all Eui^ope was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new Presidential election in this country came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the promotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was "so weary" of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. TtiOMA.^ ^EFFEHSON. 2S But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed joylessly away, while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and the result of the fourtt! general electii^n was the elevation of Mi-. Jefferson to the Presidency ! with Aaron Burr as Vice-President. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with joy. On the other hand, many of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the '' incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained nothing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in fine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicity. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon \m with asje. He believed General Washington was somewhat that dis- trustful of the idtimate success of a jxjpular G(5vernment, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he iiad instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves everywhere he met them, and carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of the JeiTersoni- an party now swept the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000, the " Louisiana Territory ' purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Tiie year 1S04 witnessed another severe loss in his family. His highly accomplished and most beloved daughter Maria sickened and died, causing as great grief in the stricken parent as it was possible for him to survive with any degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to the Presidency, with George Clinton as Vice- President. During his second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon by the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. Amid all these public excitements he thought constantly of the welfare of his lamilv, and longed for the time when lie could return home to i^emain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- talitv toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his property-, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fashion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required! It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs. Randolph. M)-. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions by lottery, in order to raise the necessary funds for home expenses. It was granted ; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jefferson died, July 4, 1826, at 12:sO I'. M. 26 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^0_ AMES MADISON, the four til President of the 1:^^ United States, 1809-'! 7, was born at Port Con- way, Prince Georpfc Count}-, Virginia, March 16, 1 75 1. His father. Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tachment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study . At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. VVeatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally- directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized b}' them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for "toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. / /. ax^^ 4y6( a<^^t-r ^^^ yAMES MADISON. 39 in 1776 he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention to frame the Constitu- tion of the State. Like Jefferson, he tooi< but little part in the public debates. His main strength lay in his conversational in- fluence and in his pen. In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three years, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent up to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from his pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, anil rendered him the first of every assembly of wliich he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station which he held in the great N:ii:ional Convention of 17S7; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declanintion of Patrick Henrj'. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumny has ever attempted to suUv. Of the power and pcjlish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist. Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, i789-'97, in which he main- tained a moderate opposition to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the missi(jn to France and. the Secretarysiiip of State, and, gradually identifying himself with the Republican party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wash- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote : " There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mind would be so completely at 3° PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madison declined to be a candi- date. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, after the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madison won the prize. She proved an invaluable helpmate. In Washington she was the life of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraffinar friend. During the stormy administration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away ; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed,. John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Tiiomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential ciiair was large- ly owing to tiie writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. Jeffer. son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House ; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaying the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutary power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, when the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1 8 10, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the 18th of June, i8i2. President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 1817, Madison yielded the Presi- yAMES MAD/SOAT. dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of Iiis days surrounded by attached friends and enjoying the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching the development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm to participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full ol intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched witii unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice ; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansburv, relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next day, as there was a great call for it, and tiie report had not been returned for publication, I sent my son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. My son was a lad of sixteen, whom 1 liad taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the pa|)cr, as com- pany had prevented his attending to it. He did so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the report. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the pa[)er. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilty, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggesterl a word. Pnibably no other person tlien living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead (it resjarding such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immediateh' in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the young critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 2S, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well, balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of analysis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trustful, his integrity unques- tioned, his manners sim[)le, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the -esteem not only of friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen 3-ears, and died July 12, 1849, in the eighty-second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Doll)' Madison," and it is fitting that iier memory should descend to posterity in company with thatof liie ccjmpanion of her life. p PliES/DENtS OF THE UNITb-D STATES. P^i '^«^tg?it^t^tgh'jg»^tg '>€t^«gS'l^(^t^t%J<^: ',^^.. a:^^'"^^^i^s?si^iss^'^'^^f^ Sfcffl!M^^^^^W\^''^'''^^'!^!'ir^ mm^^ 'mrnmrnm m: aasaaBM ^^^^?^j^^^p^5?ra?ii^T^^?^?a! gaMa3:^^assia t(^.-- •^fi.". '.';.,'.■•..'.••..'.'•..•.'*.."•>>. 'l^ '*l"i ''l'*'"'!*. ''|<<'^|'< ''l---*^ A' *AMES MONROE, the fifth President of the United States, i8i7-'25, was born in Westmoreland County Virginia, April 28, 1758/ He was a son of Spence Monroe, and a descendant of a Scottish cavalier fam- ily. Like all his predeces- sors thus far in the Presi- dential chair, he enjoyed all the advantages of educa- tion which the country could then afford. He was early sent to a fine classical school, and at the age of six- teen entered William and Mary College.. In 1776, wlien he had been in college but two years, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and our feeble militia, with- out arms, amunition or clothing, were strug- gling against the trained armies of England. James Monroe left college, hastened to General Washington's headquarters at New York and enrolled himself as a cadet in the army. At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so dis- tinguished himself, receiving a wound in his shoulder, that he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. Upon recovering from his wound, he was invited to act as aide to Lord Ster- ling, and in that capacity he took an active part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantovvn and Monmouth. At Germantown he stood by the side of Lafayette when the French Marquis received his wound. Gen- eral Washington, who had formed a high idea of young Monroe's ability, sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment, of which he was to be Colonel; but so exhausted was Virginia at that time that the effort proved unsuccessful. He, however, received his commission. Finding no opportunity to enter the army as a commissioned officer, he returned to his original plan of studying law, and entered the office of Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. He developed a very noble character, frank, maul)- and sincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him: "James Monroe is so perfectly honest that if his soul were turned inside out there would not be found a spot on it." In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and was also appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council. The next year he was chosen delegate to the Conti- nental Congress for a term of three years. He was present at Annapolis when Wash- ington surrendered his commission of Com- mander-in-chief. With Washington, Jefferson and Madison he felt deeply the inefficiency of the old Articles of Confederation, and urged the formation of a new Constitution, which should invest the Central Government with something like national power. Influenced by these views, he introduced a resolution 1-^' y yAMBS MONROR. 35 that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lay an impost duty of five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, and the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of the United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in whicli Colonel Monroe was held is indicated bv the fact that he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controversy. While in New York attend- ing: Conarress, he married Miss Kortright, a )()ung lady distinguished alike for her beauty and accomplishments. For nearly fifty years this happ\- union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brilliancy of her intellect, and the amiability of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was ver}' soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deeply as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was oppt)sed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republi- can partv, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to tiie individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with the Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Re])ub- lican party became the dominant ]iower which ruled the land. George Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyranny a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremity. He vio- lently opposed tlie President's procla- mation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the policy of the Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publicly introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merlin dc Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be 36 PRBSfDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. tween the two nations. The flags of the two republics were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so annoying to Eng- there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 1812. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretary of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest land and to the friends of England in request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability- and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism ; and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. Shortly after his return to this country Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virgrinia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In 1802 he was an Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. In 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjo3'ed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 Mr. Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious io nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virginia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him . by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretary of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to New Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And yet it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman stor)', stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiary to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successfully to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the country. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutel}' necessary to save us from ignominious defeat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibilitv of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. JAMES MONROE. yi The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of the army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat off the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcely any opposition. Out cf 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to the Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Hoi}' Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas Jefferson for advice in the emergency. In his reply imder date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and establish the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs (jf nations on the American continent; and the doctrine wasannoimced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to e.\'tend their system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniar}' interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For manv years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health tiiat she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, . where he died on the 4th of July, 1831. The citizens of New York conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pronounc- ing him the worthy successor of the illus- trious men who had preceded him in the presidential chair. 38 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. .CR -¥m^ ii^^" -.•<^^ iSfi I mim.m^^^^.m.0^^^^^h^^^:^:^^^i^^. OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United States, i825-'9, was born in the rural home of his honored father, John Adams, in Q u i n c y , Massachusetts, July II, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of his father. He commenced his education at the village school, giving at an early period indica- tions of superior mental en- dowments. When eleven years of age he sailed with his father for Europe, where the latter was associated with Franklin and Lee as Minister Plenipotentiary. The intelligence of John Quincy attracted theattentionof these men and received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. Adams had scarcely returned to this country in 1779 ere he was again sent abroad, and John Quincy again accom- panied him. On this voyage he commenced a diary, which practice he continued, with but few interruptions, until his death He journeyed with his father from Ferrol, in Spain, to Paris. Here he applied himself lor six months to study; then accompanied his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, and then the University of Leyden. In 1781, when only fourteen years of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our Minister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant labor he spent fourteen months, and then returnedalone to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. Again he resumed his studies under a private tutor, at The Hague. In the spring of 1782 he accompanied his father to Paris, forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Conti- nent. After a short visit to England, he re- turned to Paris and studied until May, 1785, when he returned to America, leav- ing his father an embassador at the court of St. James. In 1786 he entered the jun- ior class in Harvard University, and grad- uated with the second honor of his class. The oration he delivered on this occasion, the " Importance of Public Faith to the Well-being of a Community," was pub- lished — an event very rare in this or any other land. Upon leaving college at the age of twenty he studied law three years with the Hon. Theophikis Parsons in Newburyport. In 1790 he opened a law office in Boston. The profession was crowded with able men, and the fees were small. The first vear he had J, i) . cAtflyVKi JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year passed away, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third year. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and betore the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popular one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to htlj) France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutralit)'. His writings at this time in the Boston journals gave him so high a reputation, tliat in June, 1/94, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote t(^ his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to censure any others, I give it as my decided opinion, that iSIr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in my mind that he will prove the ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, but request- ing him to remain in London until he should receive instructions. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to move in the elevated sphere f'jr which she was destined. In July, 1799, having fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. He sustained the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resist- ance. This c(3urse, so trulv patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen j)rofessor of rhetoric in Harvard College. His lect- ures at this place were subsequently pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 18 14, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 1815. In 1817 he became vSecretary of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight J-ears. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase of Florida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, fortv-one, and Henry Clay, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House 43 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. of Representatives. Mr. Cla}' gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he vifas elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the country, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisanship, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss any man from of- fice for his political views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the. Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- s(3nal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address verv seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignity can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " though it be as pure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Many of the active par- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course they pursued. Some years after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: '• Well do I i-emember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which wc labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive me, for I shall 7ievcr forgive myself." March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. . The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy, and pursued his studies with una- bated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this he recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-day, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his country. Deep as are our obligations to John Ouincy Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his capacit)' as legislator in the House of Represent n- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutin}-. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Government, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS. ^^ On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not only themselves, but tlieir section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare? Where did the gentleman get his principle? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumph that ever met tlie human eye or ear? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the chiUlreii of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- try ? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her petition saved her people and her coun- try? " To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' My son, come back to me with thy shield, or upon thy shield ? ' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river un^^er a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi ? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato ? " To come to later periods, what says the history of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors? To say noth'ng of Boadicea, tlie British heroine in the time of the Ca;sars, what name is more illustrious tiian tiiat of Eliza- beth? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he not find the names of Maria Theresa ot Hungarv, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did she bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex by mingling in politics? " In this glowing strain Mr. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antagonists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from fort^'-five citizens of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, praying for a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slavery party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that they probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing the reason whj the prayer ougiit not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slavery party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and 01 meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mercy, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- fully prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, every eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by seventy-five j^ears, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants^ 44 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ill a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious chargfc of hisfh treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it! and see what that saj's of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, the tone, the words; the venerable old man, with flash- ing eye and flushed cheek, and whose ver\- form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion — all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimit)'. There was breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr. Adams as they were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again ! " It was again read. Then in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 1846, when seventy-eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on the Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2ist of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless and was conveyed to a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said, " This is the end 0/ earth." Then after a moment's pause, he added, " I am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of h3aiinology, he " died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." ^^- '■ jC- ANDREW JACKSON. 47 m yyo" t^i "•!• «)9 -I- 6J3 -T- ■# -r- K■)Slc^l^''5•oa^"•I- "■r-'""i*.""-i-" a:~A ^^,^H.s.ru,i^ |^^-"^NDREW JACKSON, the seventh President of the United States, 829-'37, was born at the Waxhaw Settle. ^ ment, Union Coiin- j^ t_v, North CaroUna, March i6, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- utary of the Cataw^ba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the younger and weaker boys, but very irascible and over- bearing with his equals and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, with his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General Sumter, and was a witness of the latter's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the boys were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two days Robert was dead, and Andy apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triumphed, and he regained health and vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cr}' of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked bv fever, died and was buried where her grave could never be found. Thus Andrew- Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. He 48 PliBS/DBNTS OF THE UNITED STATES. soon entered a saddler's shop, and labored diligently for six months. But graduall}', as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a very fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office o( Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisburv, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rollicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisbury. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twenty, a tall young man, being over si.x feet in height. He was slender, remarkably grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extreme; but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angiv and \vhen not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small emolument and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantly on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldly, alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, by President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and tiiat the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare felic- ity. Probablv there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was alwa3-s gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented by oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a century later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactorily attested by abundant evidence. Jackson was untiring in his duties as AXDRhW y.lCA'SO.V. 49 United States Attorney, which demanded frequent journeys through the wilderness and exposed him to Indian hostilities. He acquired considerable propert\- in land, and obtained such intluence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for tiie new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its first Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: " A fall, lank, uncouth-'ooking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, General Washington, whose second term of ofifice was just expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentarv address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the policy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jacks(jn was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generally right. He did not enjoy his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignity in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-General of militia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to try his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He lived about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with iiis business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it. the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventually became an extensive slave owner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1S04 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and " affairs of honor," during this peiiod, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revcalctl it to anyone. In 1805 Aaron Burr iiad visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generall}'. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celen-ated 5° PREJIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations which led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Early in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energy and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason. He was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probably because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in Januarj', 181 3, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner. Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladeera, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 18 14, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and immediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both sides the famous victory of January 8, 181 5, .:rowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In I8i7-'i8 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and exe- cuted by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, who had escaped a trial for the irregularity of his conduct onl}' through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 1821 Gov- ernor of the new Territory. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson was elected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidenc}-. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merryment, speedily became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Ouincy Adams by the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1829, and at once removed from office all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American politics, but which natural!}' be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized by quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretaiy of Wai"; by the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 ANDREW JACKSON. 5« Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson removed the Gov- ernment deposits from the United States bank, thereb}^ incurring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged four years later. During this second term of ofifice the Cherokces, Choctawsand Creeks vi^ere removed, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territory; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Unicjn; the Semincjlc war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, whicii had organized in 1829. attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the country experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive jiropulsion were ir'^rodured into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant clement o( national life before the close of his second term. For many rea- sons, theretore, the administration of Presi- dent Jacks/^n formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837. and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, whicii occurred June 8, 1845. During his closing years he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member oi the Pres- byterian church. No American of this century has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of his country- men will question that he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If liis distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- torv — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state ol society which has nearly passed away. 52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^^^'yi'iri'iT^'^'.'^'yritfrs^T*!^!?^'^^ ''(Fr^»*T^r*^i*?^(*Ti'i*¥i'(!^'fl v^,^^\ :^ ARTIN VAN BU- REN, the eighth Ix?. President of the United States, 1837- '41, was born at Kin- j,:v?'i?:^>^&;- derhook, New York, December 5, 1782. His ancestors were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Hol- land to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a tavern-keeper, as well as a farmer, and a very decided Democrat. Martin commenced the study of law at the age of fourteen, and took an active part in politics before he had reached the age of twenty. In 1803 he commenced the practice of law in iiis native village. In 1809 he removed to Hudson, the shire town of his county, where he spent seven years, gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. The heroic example of John Quincy Adams in retaining in office every faithful man, without regard to his political preferences, had been thoroughly repudiated by Gen- eral Jackson. The unfortunate principle was now fully established, that " to the victor belong the spoils." Still, this prin- ciple, to which Mr. Van Buren gave his ad- herence, was not devoid of inconveniences. When, subsequently, he attained power which placed vast patronage in his hands, he was heard to say : " I prefer an office that has no patronage. When I give a man an office I offend his disappointed competi- tors and their friends. Nor am I certain oi gaining a friend in the man I appoint, for. in all probability, he expected something better." In 1812 Mr. Van Buren was elected to the State Senate. In 1815 he was appointed Attorney-General, and in 1816 to the Senate a second time. In 1818 there was a great split in the Democratic party in New York, and Mr. Van Buren took the lead in or- ganizing that portion of the party called the Albany Regency, which is said to have swayed the destinies of the State for a quarter of a century. In 1821 he was chosen a member of the convention for revising the State Constitu- tion, in which he advocated an extension of the franchise, but ojiposed universal suf- frage, and also favored the proposal that colored persons, in order to vote, should have freehold property to the amount of $250. In this year he was also elected to the United States Senate, and at the con- clusion of his term, in 1827, was re-elected, but resigned the following year, having been chosen Governor of the State. In March, 1829, he was appointed Secretary of O 1 2^^^ ^^2.^J ^C^e^^^c^ MARTIN VAN BUR EN. 55 State by President Jackson, but resigned in April, 1831, and during the recess of Congress was appointed minister to Eng- land, whither he proceeded in September, but the Senate, when convened in Decem- ber, refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, Mr. Van Buren was nomi- nated as the Democratic candidate for Vice- President, and elected in the following November. May 26, 1836, he received the nomination to succeed General Jackson as President, and received 170 electoral votes, out of 283. Scarcely had he taken his seat in the Presidential chair when a financial panic swept over the land. Manv attributed this to the war which General Jackson had waged on the banks, and to his endeavor to secure an almost exclusive specie currency. Nearly every bank in the country was com- pelled to suspend specie payment, and ruin pervaded all our great cities. Not less than 254 houses failed in New York in one week. All public works were brought to a stand, and there was a general state of dismay. President Van Buren urged the adoption of the independent treasury system, which was twice passed in the Senate and defeated in the House, but finally became a law near the close of his rxlminirtration. Another important measure was the pass- age of a pre-emption law, giving actual set- tlers the preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery, also, now began to assume great prominence in national politics, and after an elaborate anti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Ver- mont, in the House of Representatives, the Southern members withdrew for a separate consultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of South Carolina, proposed to declare it e.Kpedient that the Union should be dissolved; but the matter was tided over by the passage of a resolution that no petitions or papers relating to slavery should be in any way considered or acted upon. In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr. Van Buren was nominated, without opposi- tion, as the Democratic candidate, William H. Harrison being the candidate of the Whig party. The Democrats carried only seven States, and out of 294 electoral votes only sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the re- maining 234 being ior iiis opponent. The Whig popular majority, however, was not large, the elections in many of the States being very close. March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retired from the Presidency. From his fine estate at Lindcnwald he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. In 1844 he was again proposed as the Democratic candidate for the Presidenc}', and a majority of the delegates of the nominating convention were in his favor ; but, owing to his opposition to the pro- posed annexation of Texas, he could not secure the requisite two-thirds vote. His name was at length withdrawn by his friends, and Mr. Polk received the nomina- tion, and was elected. In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Demo- cratic candidate. A schism, however, sprang up in the party, ui)()n the question of the permission of slavery in the newly- acquired territory, and a portion of the party, taking the name of " Free-Soilers," nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drew away sufficient votes to secure the election of General Taylor, the Whig candidate. After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his es- tate at Kinderhook, where the remainder of his life was passed, with the exception of a European tour in 1853. He died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age of eighty years. Martin Van Buren was a great and good man, and no one will question his right to a high position among those who have been the successors of Washington in the faidiful occujianc)' of the Presidential chair. PRESrOEMTS OF THE UNITED STATES. iHa#fia?iM W Bh www wmf^?ii«mii?!M^?iM?fi^?a^ ?^ ^^ XyM ifliiiTiiiniu Tiiiiii\i iiniviviijjjii. 1 WILLIAM HENRY HftRRISDN. mm ■ i RH ..>>.ii.,.i.......i..i.i til p nn.-turr Mitt tMiM 1(11=1* 1 i^.'*- ^1^ L I A M HENRY HARRISON, the ninth President of the United States, I 841, was born February 9, 1773, m Charles County, €^1 tTt Virginia, at Berkeley, the resi- dence of his father. Governor Benjamin Harrison. He studied at Hampden, Sidney College, with a view of entering the med- ical profession. After graduation he went to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instruction of Dr. Rush. George Washington was then President jf the United States. The Indians were committing fearful ravages on our North- western frontier. Young Harrison, either lured by the love of adventure, or moved by the sufferings of families exposed to the most horrible outrages, abandoned his med- ical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of ensign from Pres- ident Washington. The first duty assigned him was to take a train of pack-horses bound to Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, about forty miles from Fort Wash- ington. He was soon promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and joined the army which Washington had placed under the command of General Wayne to prosecute more vigorously the war with the In- dians. Lieutenant Harrison received great commendation from his commanding offi- cer, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and placed in command at Fort Washington, now Cincmnati, Ohio. About this time he married a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, one of the fron- tiersmen who had established a thriving settlement on the bank of the Maumee. In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned his commission in the army and was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and cx-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St. Clair being then Governor of the Territory. At that time the law in reference to the disposal of the public lands was such that no one could purchase in tracts less than 4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in the face of violent opposition, succeeded In obtaining so much of a modification of this unjust law that the land was sold in alternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. The Northwest Territory »vas then entitled to one delegate in Congress, and Cap- tain Harrison was chosen to fill that of- fice. In 1800 he was appointed Governor ^^/^, C^z-v-^^^^cn^^^ WILLIAM HENnr HAlililSON. 59 of Indiana Territory and soon after of Upper Louisiana. He was also Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs, and so well did he fulfill these duties that he was four times appointed to this office. During his admin- istration he effected thirteen treaties with the Indians, by which the United States acquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804 he obtained a cession from the Indians of all the land between the Illinois River and the Mississippi. In 1S12 he was made Major-General of Kentucky militia and Brigadier-Genera! HI the armv, with the command of the Northwest frontier. In 181 3 he was made Major-General, and as such won much re- nown by the defense of Fort Meigs, and the battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. In 1 8 14 he left the army and was employed in Indian affairs by the Government. In 1816 General Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Repre- sentatives to represent the district of Ohio. In the contest which preceded his election he was accused of corruption in respect to the commissariat of the army. Immedi- ately upon taking his seat, he called for an investigation of the charge. A committee was appointed, and his vindication was triumphant. A high compliment was paid to iiis patriotism, disinterestedness and devotion to the public service. For these services a gold medal was presented to him with the thanks of Congress. In 1 8 19 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in 1824, as one of the Presiden- tial electors of that State, he gave his vote to Henry Clay. In the same year he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams minister plenipotentiary to Colom- bia, but was recalled by General Jackson immediately after the inauguration of the latter. Upon his return to the United States, General Harrison retired to iiis farm at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, six- teen miles below Cincinnati, where for twelve years he was clerk of the County Court. He once owned a distillery, but perceiving the sad effects of whisky upon the surrounding population, he promptl}' abandoned his business at great pecuniary sacrifice. In 1836 General Harrison was brought forward as a candidate for the Presidency. Van Buren was the administraticjii candi- date; the opposite party could not unite, and four candidates were brought forward. General Harrison received seventy-three electoral votes without any general concert among his friends. The Democratic parly triumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosen President. In 1839 General Harrison was again nominated for the Presidency by the Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, .Mr. Van Buren being the Democratic candi- date. General Harrison received 234 elec- toral votes against sixty for his opponent. This election is memorable chiefly for the then extraordinary means employed during the canvass for popular votes. Mass meet- ings and processions were introduced, and the watchwords "log cabin" and "hard cider" were effectually used by the Whigs, and aroused a po])ular enthusiasm. A vast concourse of people attended his inauguration. His addresson that occasion was in accordance with hisanteccdents, and gavegreat satisfaction. Asliort time after he took his seat, he was seized b}' a pleurisy- fever, and after a few days of vitjlent sick- ness, died April 4, just one short month after his inauguration. His death was universally regarded as one of the greatest of National calamities. Never, since the death of Washington, were there, throughout one land, such demonstrations cjf sorrow. Not one single spot can be found to sully his fame; and through all ages Americans will pronounce with love and reverence the name of William IIenr\ Harrison. 6o PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^l^^^^'Bl^'-'ji^^^^^^ ip^a^^^p^^^ ^■SS.2 '■X'^&fr .<5.^ a BTgyj ^=._w- -^^'-Qj^^ TYLER, the tenth President of the United States, was born in Charles City Count\-, Virginia, March 29, 1790. His father, Judge John Tyler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of Speaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- ireme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve young John entered William and Mary College, and graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had many able men as competitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected United States Senator, and upon taking his seat jomed the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the piMnciples of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostility to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from the Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better education of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. vJ O'yiyTl ■JOHN irLER. 63 In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, much to the disappi^intment of the South, who had wished for Henry Clay. In order to concihate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated March 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as tliat of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet .Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with councilors whose views were antagonistic tcj his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretary of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig nieinbers of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing oft all political relations. The Demo- crats had a tnajority in the House ; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, Ihrough Mr. Calhcnm, a treatv for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing days of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March i 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency by an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. Tyler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whiirs antl Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner ; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difificidty tliat he could not pursue any course whicii would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 1S13 Mr. Tylei- married Letitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1S42. Imie 26, 1S44, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics imtil February, 1S61, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memor)- the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that terrible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the Hag of rebellion, which was arrayed against tlic naticjual banner in deadly warfare. PHESIDENJS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^{V5^ir. t,^ -.;.— iju -r- t43 -I- t4^ ■r-"(£)S]c«2'_''-sr^jaii) -I- ^ 'V *" -r- MILLARD FILLMORE. 75 cation his friends met in convention and renominated him by acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his labors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 Ml"- Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this year, also, the Whigs were looking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4th of March, 1S49, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question of slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severel)' tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his exalted station against the atrocious enter- prise. Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did every- thing in his power to conciliate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, iiaving served one term. President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destiny of this Government to embrace the whole North American Continent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that his sympathy was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of jiaralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874. 76 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. m-'^k^^^-i^^^i^l^^^^l^^^^^^l^^^^lS?^j^-^£T} 3i e^V-i "A ♦«^itf-» lftSHHHHHSHHHHHHHH£H2EHHEHE:H3H2H5Ha2EHHHHHHHSB52H2i!HH^a »^. I^RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Novem- ber 23, 1804. His father. Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the study of law in tiie office of Judge Woodbury, a very distin- guished lawyer, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord. He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn ever}' station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the army. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. He served during this war, and distinguished himself by his bravery, skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiasticall}' received by e^i^ PliANKLlN PTEIiCE. the advocates uf the war, and coldly 1)\' its opponents. He resumed the practice of ids profession, frequently taking an active ])art in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pro-slavery wing of the Demo- cratic party. June 12, 185.;, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotings no one had received the recpiisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotings, during which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great luianimity. Only four States — Venuont, Massachusetts, Ken- tucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1853, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Cam[)bell and Caleb Cushing. At the demand of slaver}- the Missouri Compromise was re])ealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown open tn slavery. The Territory of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slaver\- in Missouri and other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched theiu into Kan.sas, took possession of the [lolls. drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes b}' handluls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming Tnajority, slavery was estab- lished in Kansas. These f;icts nobody denied, and yet F'resident Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. Tin- citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : "Rcsok'cd, That the b(xly of men wiio, for the past two months, have lieen passing laws fcir the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, are to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who eleelt'd them, and not thic people of this Territory ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consununation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud unparalleled in the histor}' of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Goveriuuent. im- ploring its pi"otection. In reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessary, the wiiole force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his symi)athies to the pro-slavcrj' party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Goveriuuent. He resided in Concord imtil his death, which occurred in October, 1869. \\v. was one of the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an lu)nored communicant of the Episcopal ihurch. So PliESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^i^i ';7fi^~.'^f-;?b»5?hf,'r*if2Virv>!' ^^i*^(*T^(T^(T^(*55'i'^^(*t?'r=^^ii: K EERSSI^ESigKgrKBJl^EBP^EEgBEprEErSB E M Qt .B0^1?5 felH; im«M^T^f.:'^v,: e^r ES?g3;gEgE^::k^>iJXF^^• V NV-V-V^^rrErEEESI-EggESSaSSiTEESBESgga MEJ ^(p^ l.'Ui'l''ti'l'-ii^llit'l'S,t'CXl'lS^:^(l \(fi]^^;ii*uf^titx^:;>^if>^&i^lj^)^ '"^^ ii^-^AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the ■ ^^1^ United States, 1857-61, was born in FrankHn i v. Count y, Pennsj'lvania, ;;^f April '23, 1791. The place where his father's c a b i n stood was called Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with ver}' little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who hail a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 1812, just after Mr. Buchanan iiad entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisting as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were thi-eatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists; we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- <2^//Zir^ (^-^ ^^ C yf^ y- )IS^3 *" -I-- ■-7- jjp .J. - ■""^''i^Sii #^ BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5, was born February ''(^.:irTr^p:f^ 12, 1809, in Larue (tlien Hardin) County, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creek, three miles west of Hudgensville. His parents I were Thomas and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be given in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps 1 should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paterna' grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, liter- all)-, without education. He removed from Kentuck}' to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals stil! in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin', writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to imderstand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked u[ion as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. 01 course, when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, 1 could read, write and cipher to the rule of llnec, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time imder the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which cO^ f^*-r e-o_- Gi..,--'V'^2^-'T^-i,'Cc.'-Z^^ jiBRAHAM LINCOLN. 87 I continued till 1 was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then 1 got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. " Then came the Black Hawk war, and I was elected a Captain of volunteers — a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (183J) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to [iiactice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 1849 to '854- inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Ahva^s a Whig m ]iolitics, and generally on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is prett}- well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohicj River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentryville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 1818, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentuck3\ She was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequently for the neighbors as a farm laborer; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentryville; and became faiuous throusfhout that region for his athletic powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the coinposi tion of rude satirical verses. In 1S28 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as "bow-hand" on a flatboat; removed to Illinois in 1830; heljjcd his father buikl a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for a political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 185 1 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it t(? New Orleans. The boat "stuck" on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a patent for "an improved method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions ujion the slavery question. Returning from this voyage he became a resident for several yeai"s at New Salem, a recently settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surve3'or and postmaster, am! aeterl as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local ])olitics after his return from the Black liawk war, and became known as an elfective "stump speaker." The subject ol his fii'st political S])ccch was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced himself (1832) a candi- date for the Legislalun' was his ach'ocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a 88 P/IES/DE\TS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 ^^^ soon established himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, iargely through his influence; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts ; married in 1842 a lady be- longing to a prominent family in Lexington, Kentucky; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cartwright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain any prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Mexican war. For several years there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on Henry Clay (1852) added nothing to his reputation. In 1854 the repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectly well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1S54, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his policy in the Senate, and the " Anti- Ncbrnska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- coin had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged hira to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots ; but Trumbull was ultimately chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new party first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive ground against slavery in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidenc)', and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his speech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself" on the slavery question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as riyal Sena- torial candidates rcsultcil at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cir- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 89 former, as the clearest and must convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 he began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed by similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. By the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirty years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed nuich to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis- organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the " American" party having put forward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- publican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 by a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the history of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the remainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination by avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address lie said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundamental laws of all na- tional governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power conferred to mc will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Gcjvernment, and to col- lect the duties and imports, but bej'ond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the pe;^ dent of the United ' '^ States, 1865-9, was b o )• n at Raleigh, Ndith Carolina, De- c e in b e i- 29, 1 808. I lis fat her died when he was four years old, and in his eleventh year lie was ap- ])renticed to a tailor, lie nev- er attended sehool, and did not learn to read until late in his apiircnticeshij), when he '^^C suddenly acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spaix' time to reading. After working two years as a journey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate " al- dcrman, in 1828, and mayor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker b\" taking ])art in a debating society, consisting largely of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, he was chosen to the lower iiouse f)f the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1S41 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Rciirescntative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until '•^53. when he was chosen Governor of Tennessee. In Congress he supported the administrations of Tyler and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexation of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon bounilary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. ' In 1855 Mr. Johnson was re elected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the LTnited States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported b}' the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Breckenridge wing of that party. When the election of Lincoln had brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, i^ ftUTlIEnFOh'D B. HAYES. 'OA farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the communit3^ He died Jul}- 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of tiic United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not e.vpectcd to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering wa)-, "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and t shouldn't won- der if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almc:)st wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others whicli are marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1S38 young Hayes entered Ivenyon College and graduated in 1S42. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into pi"actice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious (j( distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in bt)yhood, was now a wealth)' banker, and it was inidcr- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Ha\es more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 he removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introtluction to the Cincinnati Literar}' Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noyes. The marriage was a fortunate one asever\-- body knows. Nut one of all the wives ol io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. our Presidents was more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office f^^':^>^f%^./^ £S;i^SEE-S5S;Esa3^^^^-''^->V'^iSSaa£a5-S5iS5£S?SiAf\^j\jBE3aS!Bi^?^i^ .i^^4Eii 4. i4M'li?'©.^=t- jl rr: a:T^:i^33a33^:^TnT^a a:afc^^ajia: "\^&^ ^?i'..i>tS^i^i^i^C^-^i>% 4il<&«^«S^tSg«>5^'!^««Jat«3gl< m ?% w ,r 5==- ,. ( ^"^^lES A. GARFIELD, 11^^^ Zf'''^ twentieth President of M&^ I lie United States, 1881, was born November 19, 1831, in tiic wild woods o f Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His parents were Abram and Ehza (Ballou) (iarficld, wlio were of New England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the rapid improvements wiiich appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the care of the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters live in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject (^f our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental and physical labor. He worked upon the farm, or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at an}- other odd job that would aid in support of the family, and in tiie meantime made the most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen years of age, James's highest ambition was to be a lake ca[)tain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finally consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the city. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester f(jr about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1S50 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to pay his way he assumed the duties of janitoi, and at tmies taught school. He soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams College, at which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest honors ol his class. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1858, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. The}' had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1S59 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old flag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success. President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecrans, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for si.xty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gai-- field was nominated for tiie Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant; and although many of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation, General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on July 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. CHESTER A. ARTHUR. "3 -1-, ^^-K "^.-l- jg/o 5*5 '-W .,,-.4, •4V HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- ty-first Chief Execu- tive of tiiis jTrowing republic, iS8i-'5, was born in Franklin Count}-, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a iii-f^o family of two sons and live -,'l|^ipj daughters. His father. Rev. V^jlai? Dr. William Arthur, a l}a[)tist clergyman, immigrated to this country from Count)' Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution. Union Col- lege, at Schenectady, New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West; but after spend- ing about three months in the Wester. States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordinglv he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to lecovcr posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York Cit}'. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the "Straight Demo- crats" in 1873 for the United States Presi- dencv, was retained bv Jonathan G. Lem- 114 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by William M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a street car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawj^er, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1S61, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. After the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able law3'ers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York b}' President Grant, and he held the ofifice until July 20, 1878. The ne.xt event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the V ice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The friends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappomted over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican part)- ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor, President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against " third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. Un his retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1885, he engaged in the practice of law at New York City, where he died Kovcinhcr IS, 1886. -^^ ( GROVRR CLEVELAND. ti7 ^->^ ^»^^^ ^ ^ •^.C;^^^---^)' ^^ROVER CLEVE- ?<^ LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 1885—, was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New W '* Jersey, March 18, 1837. The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- ing. It was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church, of w h i c h his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own way in the world at the time and was unable to marry; but in three years he comi)leted a course of preparation for the ministry, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned io Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until he was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite atuong his companions, and their respect was won by the good (pialities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Pilchard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary ior him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (i853-'4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a tew miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, knownas " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen j & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barel}' sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and stud}-. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the day. Gradually his employers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) '"'s stood high in their con- fidence. A year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three 3ears more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his duty, rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especiall}- to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the GRO VER CL E V ELAND. 119 party Grover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, and came within thirteen votes of an elec- tion. The three years spent in the district attorney's ofifice were devoted to assiduous ;abor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, untlcr the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie Countv, iS70-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, and the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George j. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority oi over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor^and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nomi- nated Grover Cleveland for Cxovernor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall of i8S4he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. BENJAMIX IfARRISON: closely to his business, and by perseverance, honoraljle dealing and an upriglit life, suc- ceeded in l)uilding up an extensive practice and took a leading position in tlie legal profession. In 1860 he was nominated for the position of Supreme Court Reporter for the State of Indiana, and then began his experience as a stump speaker. lie canvassed the State thoroughly and was elected. In 1802 his patriotism caused him to abandon a civil office and to otler his country his services in a military capacity. lie or- ganized the Seventieth Indiana Infantry and was chosen its Colonel. Although his regi- ment was composed of raw material, and he practically void of military schooling, he at once mastered military tactics and drilled his men, so that when he witli his regiment was assigned to Gen. Sherman's command it was known as (.)no of the best drilled oriran- izations of the army. lie was especially distinguished fur bravery at the battles of Kesacca and Peach Tree Creek. For his bravery and efficiency at tlie last named bat- tle he was made a Brigadier-General, Gen- eral Hooker speaking of him in tlie most complimentary terms. AVhile General Harrison was actively en- gaged in the field the Supreme Court declared the office of Supreme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to fill the position. From the time of leaving Indiana with his regiment for the front, until the fall of 1804, General Harrison had taken no leave of absence. But having been nominated that year for the same office that he vacated in order to serve liis country where he could do the greatest good, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time canvassed the State and was elected for another term as Supreme Court Reporter. He theti started to rejoin his command, then witli (ieneral Sherman in the South, but was stricken down with fever and after a very trying siege, made his way to the front, and participated in the closing scenes and incidents of the war. In 1868 General Harrison declined a re- election as Reporter, and ajiplied himself to the practice of his profession. He was a candidate for Governor of Indiana on the Republican ticket in 1876. Althmigli de- feated, the brilliant campaign brought him to public notice and gave him a National reputation as an able and formidable debater and he was much sought in the Eastern States as a public speaker. He took an act- ive part in the Presidential campaig:i of 1880, and was elected to the United States Senate, where he served six years, and was known as one of the strongest debaters, as well as one of the al)lest men and best law- yers. When his term expired in the Senate lie resumed his law practice at Indianapolis, liecominsr the head of one t)f the stronirest law firms in the State of Indiana. Sometime prior to the opening nf the Presidential campaign of 1888, tiie two great political parties (Republican and Democratic) drew the line of political battle on the ques- tion of tariff, vv'Iiich became tlie leading issue and the rallyiru: watchword durincj themem- orable camr,;.;^-n. The Republicans appealed to the people for their voice as to a tariff to protect home industries, wliile the Democrats wanted a tariff for revenue only. The Re- publican convention assembled in Chicago in June and selected Mr. Harrison as their standard bearer on a i)Iatform of ] rinciples, among other important clauses being that of protection, which he cordially indorsed in accepting the nomination. November 6, 1888, after a heated canvass, General Harri- son was elected, defeating Grover Cleveland, who was again the nominee of the Demo- cratic party. He was inaugurated and as- sumed the duties of his office Marcli -4, 1889. ^}ri^ Q± ■BliPitfilMISONIQHNfJEi.l HONORABLE WILLIAM THOMPSOiN PRICE was born in Barre Township, Huntingdon County,' Pennsylvania, J line 17, 1824, and died at liis liome in Black River Falls, Wisconsin, December 6, 1886. Perhaps no man has been more prominently identified with the early and later history of the Srate of Wisconsin than he. His oppor- tunities tor acquiring an education in early life were extremely limited. His father, William Price, was a farmer by occupation, and at one time Sheriff of Huntingdon County. He is said to have been a man of large and powerful body, possessing an in- domitable will and great force of character. William T. Pric-e was a man much smaller physically, Init inherited the will power and intet^rity of character which had been his father's. His early life was spent on a farm, and he was for a time employed as clerk in a store in IloUidaysburg, Pennsylvania. While ho was thus occupied he spent his evenings in roiidini; law books, and began tittini; him- self for the career of later years. In the spring of 1845 he emigrated to the growing West, going first to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 10 where he intended to work into the law busi- ness. But not being fully satislied with the prospect there, he came to Black River Falls the following autumn. The story that has come down in regard to his worldly posses- sions is that he owned an ax and twenty-five cents in money. Here he entered upon a l)ath that led to the front rank of the busi- ness men of the county, and in fact of the State. It would be impossible within the limits of this article to give in detail an account of the business interests with which he was connected, but the following facts are taken from a biography of Judge Price, and will give the reader an idea of what he accom- plished, and his business cipacity. Soon after his arrival at the Falls he went into the pine woods, six miles north of the present site of Neillsville, and in company with two other men got out 700,000, feet of logs during the following winter. This suc- cess doubtless determined the character of the business in which he was engaged for many years, and on which he spent sufficient energy to have wrecked an ordinary man. In the summer of 1846 he accepted the po.si- l:W BIOORAPHICAL HISTORY OF tion of book-keeper and general manager of the bueiness of Jacob Spau)ding. In the winter of 1848-'49 he was logging with Amos Elliott in Clark County; he continued logging with fair success until 1853, when he formed a partnership with F. M. Rublee, of La Crosse, Mr. Price having entire charge of the business; this firm existed about two years, and in 1852 purchased and platted the north- western part of Black River P'alls. In 1854 he removed his family to La Crosse and there opened a livery sta])le and estab- lished a stage line between that place and Black River Falls. In 1854 he returned to the Falls and formed a law partnership with C. R. Johnson; it was the first law firm on Black River, and continued to exist until 1859, Judge Price retiring. He kept the La Crosse stage line in operation for a number of years. He also embarked in the mercan- tile business on a large scale, with C. S. Crossett as a partner. The panic of 1857 found their business unsettled, and being un- able to meet their paper they failed. After disposing of all their assets, they were still $25,000 in debt. Mr. Price returned to the lodging business with renewed energy, but without capital, and within seven years had every dollar of the indebtedness paid, with ten per cent, interest. His creditors made him a present of a $300 gold watch and chain in token of their appreciation of his honesty in paying them what could not have been collected by law. In 1860, in company with D. J. Spaulding, he engaged in operating the Albion flour and lumber mills of this city. In 1864 he purchased the stage line from St. Paul to Sparta, but soon disposeil of a portion of it. He enlarged this business, and conducted it successfully. In 1871 he purchased a farm in the town- ship of Hixton, and added to this from time to time until he had 3,000 acres in one body. He also owned much other valuable real estate, and during the latter years of his life his logging interests were more extensive. He averaged 60,000,000 feet of logs annually, involving the employment of 750 men. lie is said to have been one of the most exten- sive single operators in the United States, and was the largest in the State of Wis- consin. He began taking an active part in politics in 1850. In 1851 he was elected to the As- sembly as a Democrat, but on the organiza- tion of the Republican party he joined that body. In 1853-'54 he was Judge of Jackson County; he was a member of the State Senate in 1858, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881. He was Collector of internal revenue from 1863 to 1865; for many years he was President of the Jackson County Bank. In 1882 he was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress, from the Eighth Congressional District; was re-elected in 1884 to the Forty- ninth, and in 1886, to the Fiftieth. He was attentive to the duties of every position he held, and discharged them with great ability and energy. He was a clear-headed business man, and possessed unusual power as a speaker. He was generous-hearted, standi and true to his friends, an 1 always ready to defend himself against his enemies. His death caused sincere and deep regret through- out the State and country. His death oc- curred before he entered upon his duties as a member of the Fiftieth Congress. He was one of the brightest men the State of Wis- consin has had; he labored constantly in the interests of law and order and morality. As a business man his ambition was satisfied with only the largestoperatioiis, which lie con- ducted conscientiously and equitably. In his political career he was a reformer whose positions could never be misunderstood. In Congress he occupied the position of a lea ler, CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 131 and always commandeil attention wlien lie spoke on any question. Judge Price was united in marriage July 10, 1851, to Miss Julia Campbell, of Grant Coun- ty, Wisconsin, a most estimable woman, wlio with her two children : Hugh 11. and Marj^aret, resides in the home erected by the father and husband a few vears ago. ROBERT EGGETT, of section 15, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Lincolnshire, England, about the year 1837. lie was left an orphan when quite young, and the records of his birth were lost, except as they exist in the Church of Eng- land. He landed in Quebec, Canada, May 1, 1883, and in May of the next year came to this county, settling on his present fai-ni of eighty acres. It was then covered with heavy timber, and he had to chop a place to build his log cabin; he now has twenty-three acres cleared. Mr. Eggett was married in Yorkshire, November 24, 1866, to Ann Donkin, a native of that place, and daughter of George Don- kin, deceased. They have live children: George H., John H., William, Alfred and Minnie. George and John are now working for themselves. Mr. and Mrs. Eggett and their two sons, William and John, are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Eggett was a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters in the old country foi- twenty years. . . ^ . ; .. ; . ^ ..>^ (YRIL P. LA FLEUK, of .section 10, Weston Township, w-as born in the Province of Montreal, Lower Canada, May 6, 1824, the son of Francis (deceased) and Sophia (Marscean) La Fleiir, both natives of Canada. They were the parents of three children: Cyril P., our subject; Theodore, a Baptist minister of Montreal; and Alinyra, who died at the age of twenty-eight years. Our subject was reared on a farm and edu- cated in the public schools of his native country. He- came to the State of New York when eighteen years old, and worked in a tannery at Keysville two months, after which he came to Warren County, where he worked a few years at the same occupation. He next drove a team one year, hauling bricks and leather from Minerva to Glens Falls, and also worked in the saw-mills and at shoemaking. He came to this county in 1869, and in 1875 settled on his present farm of eighty acres, sixty acres of which is cleared, and where he is engaged in general farming and stock- raising. Mr. La Fleur was married in June, 1852, to Eunice Hewett, a daughter of Sheldon E. Hewett (deceased), and they have five chil- dren, viz.: George F., Harry W., William E., Ella and Alice. Harry married Dora Fad- ner, and lives in this county; Ella married John W. Clark, of this township, and has three children: Alice, Miriam and James. Mr. La Fleur was Town Treasurer five years, is now a member of the Town Board, and has been a member of the School Board nearly ever since coming to this county. Politically he is a Republican. fOSEPH COVEY, of section 14, range 2 Weston Township, Clark County, was born in Clinton County, New York, January 7, 1862, the son of James F. and Cornelia (Burzee) Covey, of Warren County, New York. They were the parents of seven children: Albert, Laura, Melvina, Sarah, John, Joseph and Alvin. The mother died 13i BIOORAPHICAL HISJOEY OF June 4, 1889. The father liad been married prior to his union with our subject's mother, and by l)is first wife had three children: Charles, Louis and William. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life and educated in the common schools. He remained with his parents in Warren County until twelve years of age, where he was engaged in the pineries and driving logs on the Hudson River. He came to this county in June, 1885, and has since followed logging on the Black and Poplar rivers, and also farming. Mr. Covey was married April 29, 1883, to Jennie Pratt, a daughter of Ed- ward Pratt, of Greenwood, this county; she was born in Warrensburg, New York, July 21, 1865. Her mother was ]5etsey Ann Middleton. Mr. and Mrs. Covey have two children: Howard and Hattie. Mr. Pratt came to this county in December, 1884, re- mained in Eaton that winter, then came to Christy, where he lived two and a half years, and next moved to Grreenwood, wiiere he keeps a general store. -^-^ JHARLES J. HANNAH, of section 14, Weston Township, Clark County, was born in St. George, Canada East, Au- eust 17, 1840, the son of James G. and Jane (Nugent) Hannah, the former a native of England, and the latter of County Down, Ireland, who came to America with her par- ents when a child. The father came to Amer- ica when thirty years old, settling in Canada, where he was clerk of his county, a merchant and Postmaster of St. George. He died there in 1851, and his wife died at the same place in 1861. The subject of this sketch was educated in St. George and Kennebec, Canada, where he followed farming and logging in early days. He subsequently worked in the pineries ot Maine, and after returning to his home in Canada came to this ctjunty, settling on the Ross farm on Black River, Weston Township, which is now the Andrews farm. He settled on his present place in the fall of 1879, which was then covered with timber. He now has a fine farm of 200 acres, seventy of which is cleared. He has also worked in tlie pineries some, hut most of his time has been spent in clearing his land and farming. Mr. Hannah was married November 3, 1862, to Mary Boon, daughter of Charles and Nancy (Hughes) Boon, both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hannah have eigiit children: Nancy J., Eliza L., James L., Robert A., William 11., Ellen L., Cinda M. and Minnie P. Nancy married Robert McKinim, and has one child. Mr. Hannah was a member of the Town Board one year; is a Republican politically, and religiously a member of the Presbyterian Church. E. HUTCHINGS, of Neillsville, was born at Peekskill, New York, June ® 24. 1839, and removed to Waukesha, Wisconsin, with his parents in 1850. His parents, Purdy G. and Margaret Hutchings, were both natives of the State of New York; his great-grandparents, whose surname was Clark, also his grandparents, whose surname was Jones, were horn in Virginia; his fore- fathers took part in the Revolutionary war, also in the war of 1812, on the American side. He has one brother and one sister, both living. His parents are both dead, his fatiier dying in 1854 and his mother in 1887, and both are buried in the cemetery at Waukesha. Mr. Hutcliings was married to Margai-et J. McKeand, May 8, 1859, by the Rev. J. M. AValker. Miss McKeand was born at CLARK AVD JACKSON COUtfTIES. 133 Wawatosa, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, Noveinl)er 1, 1842. Her parents came from Newton Stewart, Scotland, in 1823. S. E. ilutcliings and family moved to Clark Coun- ty, Wisconsin, in 1869, and settled on section 34, in the town of Pine Valley. They are the parents of five children: Catherine M., born October 19, 1861; John E., born Sep- tember 28, 1863; William N., born April 22, 1866; and S. E., Jr., born September 10, 1868, all in the county of Waukesha; Mary J. Ilutcliings, born Feb/uary 26, 1874, in Clark County. S. E. Ilutcliings, Jr., died March 24. 1882, of spinal meningitis; William N. died May 23, 1886, by accidental drowning in Black River, and both were interred in the city of Neillsville cemetery. Mr. Hutchings is a farmer by occupation, having received a cominon-sciiool and an aci ieinical education, and is oie of the enter- prising and leading citizens of Clark County; has been a Magistrate for tlie past six years, and is at present; also Town Clerk of the town of Pine Valley for tlie past four years, wiiicli ortice he liolds at present. He is a memher of the I. O. O. F., Neillsville Lodge, No. 198, and he is a strong Rjpublican, taking a prom- inent part in all public matters. YVEli HJERLEID, a wealthy farmer and leading citizen, residing on section 9, Springfield Township, first saw the light of day among the pine-clad hills of Norway, September 21, 1828. His parents, Iver and Ann Iljerleid, were also natives of Norway, and there lived and died. They had three sons: Ole, Haldor, and Syver, the youngest and only memher of the family who loft his native land. He grew to man- hood in Norway, and was educated there. In 1852, he came to America and located in (Chicago, Illinois, where he worked at the painter's trade for seven years. He saved his money, lived economically, and l)y his pru- dence and thrift was enabled, in 1854, to pur- chase a farm in Jackson County; he paid the Government one dollar and a quarter per acre; five years after he bought this land ho removed to it, and has since given his time and energies to its cultivation. His efforts have been successful, as ho now has one of the most desiralile farms in the county; it consists of 160 acres and is well improved with many modern conveniences. In addi- tion to this lie owns 200 acres, in another por- tion of Springheld Township. When he arrived in New York, Mr. Iljerleid had but $2 in money, and was unable to speak one word of English, and to-day he ranks among the most reliable agriculturists of the community. He is always ready to lend a helping hand to every enterprise that is calculated to upbuild the moral and religious elements of society. In his political opinions he agrees with the Republican principles of government. He has served the people of his township in some official capacity continuously since his resi. deuce there. Mr. Iljerleid was united in marriao-e, in Jnly, 1859, to Miss Helen Knudson, in Chicago, Illinois. She was born in Norway February 7, 1835. In all the obstacles he has overcome, and in all the efforts he has made to accumulate some property, Mr. Hjer- leid has been al)ly and faithfully aided by his wife, and this record would fail in one of its purposes if it did not preserve this fact in connection with the history of this successful man. Mr. and Mrs. Hjerleid are the parents of eleven children: Dorothea M., Ibert M., Hans C, Ludwig O., Hannah S., Haldor R., Clarence M., Octavius, Ninah C, Carl M. and Effie D. Ibert M. is deceased. The 13 1 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF family are all consistent iiieiul)ers of the Lutheran Chiircli, ani occupy a position of honor and liigh respect in the community. [ANFORD D. BEARDSLEY, of section 26, range 2, Weston Townsliip, Claris County, was born in Franklin County, Vermont, November 10, 1839, the son of Lewis (deceased) and Amelia (Smith) Beards- ley. They were the parents of ten children, eight of whom still survive: Ellas, Hiram, Charles, Harriet, Theron, Sanford, George and Jasper. Sanford D., our subject, came with his parents to Kane County, Hlinois, in 1846, settling on wild prairie land. They after- ward removed to Sank County, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1852, wliere he remained until tiie fall of 1861. In that year he enlisted in the late war, Company K, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving eight months, when he was discharged on account of sick- ness. He re-enlisted January 4, 1864, in Company H, Seventeenth Wisconsin Volun- teer Infantry, serving until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Shiloh, the taking of Atlanta, and in all of Sherman's campaigns to and from the sea. He was dis- abled, and now draws a pension. After the war Mr. Beardsley returned to Sauk County, and subsequently went to Monroe County, Wisconsin, where he remained two years. In 1863 he returned to Sauk County, and in the spring of 1873 again went to Monroe County and remained until December, 1885, when he came to this county, settling on his present farm. He lived two years in Neillsville, but the remainder of the time has been spent on his present place, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. I^eardsley was nnirried December 13, 1863, to Mary Lovisa Mott, daughter of John and Esther (Barnard) Mott, both now de- ceased. They were the parents of three chil- dren, all of whom are deceased except Mrs. Beardsley. Mr. and Mrs. Beardsley have three children: Rolla L., Blanche A. and Adda M. Rolla is now a barber at La Crosse. Mr. Beardsley held the office of Township Supervisor in Monroe County, and lias also been Clerk and Director of the School Board of the town of Lincoln, in Monroe County. Socially he is a member of the G. A. R., and politically a Republican. 4m^ C. WAGE was born in Pennsylvania, » April 16, 1841, son of J. D. and Susan Wage. He came to Wisconsin with his father in 1856, and settled in the town of Grant, then Lynn. The father bought 320 acres of land there, paying for it ten shillings per acre. He was killeil in Wisconsin in 1866, in a logging fallow, by a stick which he was liauling catching in the ijrouud and striking him on the head, and he is buried in Grant Township. The subject of our sketch lived with his parents until he was twenty- two years old, when he began working on a farm at $20 a month, being thus employed when the war broke out. At Black River Falls, December 30, 1863, he entered the service of his country, enlisting in Company I, Fourteenth Wisconsin Regiment. He was in the Red River expedition, participated in the action at White River, Arkansas, at Nash- ville, Tennessee, and a number of other en- gagements. He was a faithful soldier and was honorably discharged October 9, 1863, after a two years' service. He then returned to Wisconsin, and was engaged in logging about two years. October 3. 1869, Mr. Wage was united in CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 135 marriage with Ruth E. Payn, born Fehriiary 28, 1852, in New York; came to Wisconsin in 1857 and to Clark County in 1867. Soon after liis return from the army Mr. Wag- bouglit ei:^htj acres of land in Grant Town- ship, Clark County, living there until 1877, when he sold and bought in Pine Valley, where he now lives, two and one-half miles south of Neillsville. Mr. Wage is a Repub- lican, and is ()ne of Clark County's worthy citizens. -:mS- [HARLES W. CHRISTIAN, clerk in the Sterling Lumber Co.'s store, and also a mail carrier of Sterling, was born in Jefferson County, New York, June 30, 1844, the son of Moses (deceased) and Re- becca (Bailey) Christian, the former a native of Mohawk Valley, New York, and the latter of New Jersey. Of the parents' eleven chil- dren, four !-till survive: Melvina, now Mrs. John Baker, of Spirit Lake, Iowa; John B.; Angeline, now Mrs. Abraham Castellii)n, of Hortonvillc, Wisconsin; and Charles W., our subject. The latter came with his parents to Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in 1849, when the Indians and wild animals were nu- merous, and it was then dangerous for a person to be out after dark. They settled in the openings and succeeded in clearing a farm. Mr. Christian was a soldier in the late war, in Company II, Twentieth Wiscon- sin Volunteer Infantry, served three years, and was in the l)attle8 of Brairie Grove, Arkansas; Van l!uren, Vicksl)urg, Ya- zoo City, Atchafalaya, Louisiana; Fort Morgan, Franklin (]reek, Spanish Fort and others. He never lost but three days for dis- ability, and then ran away from the hospital to rejoin his company. After tiie war Mr. Ciiristian returned to Fond du Lac County, thence to Ilortonville, Wisconsin, in 18(37, and in 1872 renuived to Greenwood, this county, where he worked on a farm until the fall of 1875. In that year he came to Longvvood, wiiere he clerked in a store and hotel until the spring of 1879, and then came to Withee, settling on the south- east quarter of section 10, township 28, range 3 west, which is still his home. He was married July 7, 18G5, to Samantha Bradford, a daughter of Andrew Bradford, of Fond du Lac County. They have three children: Charles, Frank and Captolia. The mother died March 21, 1890. Mr. Christian is a member of tlio G. A. R. and I. O. O. F. fraternities; was School Clerk two years, Constable two years, and politically is a Re- publican. lg.^()RACE S. CHASE, a worthy agricult- urist of Clark County, has been a res- ident of Wisconsin since his fifteenth year, and will bo here allotted space in this biugraphical record of the county. He was born in St. Lawrence County, Now York, in the town of Stockholm, June 13, 183(3, and is a son of Theodore and Iluldah (Osgood) Chase. Theodore Chase was born in New Hampshire, near Swanzey, and was a son of Abner Chase. He was reared in Vermont, served in the war of 1812, and was a shoe- maker by trade; he was also interested in farming; he took up his residence in St. Lawrence County, New York, early in life, and there passed the remainder of his days. His death occurred in 1840. His wife was married a second time to Mr. Hart, of St. Lawrence County, New York, and both were killed by a runaway team about tiio year 1871. Horace S. Chase is one of a family of ten children: John F., Frederick, Iluldah, Philan- 136 BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF der, Caroline, CliRrles E., Emroj, Minerva and Lorenzo E. lie was reared in the county in wliich lie was born, received his education in the common schools and acade- mies. When he first came to Wisconsin lie worked on a farm during the summer season, and devoted his winters to teaching school. He was occupied in this way until 1868, when he came to Clark County and purchased a tract of eighty acres where he now lives; he cleared and improved about twenty acres, and has a comfortable home. August 15, 1861,M'hen the dark war cloud of the Eebellion was hanging over this na- tion Mr. Chase enlisted as a private in Com- pany A, First Wisconsin Cavalry, and served until January 17, 18C4, when he received a gun-shot wound at Dandridge, Tennessee. This rendered him unfit for service, and he was in the hospitals of Knoxville, Nashville and Louisville until October 20, 1864, when he was sent home. His wounds were of a very serious nature, being in the neck, throat and leg, and he is still suilering from them. After comine from the war he resumed his place in the school-room, and tanght until six years ago. Among the other misfortunes with which he has had to contend since com- ing to the State was the loss of all his house- hold goods by fire. It is indeed a brave spirit that can withstand the perils of battle, the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and the rav- ages of fire with undaunted courage. Mr. Chase was elected Clerk of Weston Township in 1870, when it covered about one-third of the county. He has been Clerk of York Township since 1875, and for fifteen ytars has served as Justice of the Peace. Politically he is a I'cpnblican ; liateriially a member of the I. O. (). F. On August 25, 1860, he was united in the holy bonds of marriage to Miss Eliza E. rickens, of Bristol, Kenosha County, Wis cousin. Mrs. Chase was born in Erie County, New York, June 16, 1842, and is a daughter of John and Dinah (Sherman) Pickens, na- tives of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Chase are the parents of six children: Lorenzo H., de- ceased; Oliver P., Philander E., Robert I., and two who died in infancy. -i^^i- EORGE LESLIE, a carpenter and farmer of Thorp, Clark County, was born in Lockport, Niagara County, New York, July 26, 1829, the son of David Leslie, de- ceased, a native of County Derry, Ireland. He was brought by his parents to Canada when a small boy, and afterward to Vermont, where he married Mary Storm. They then moved to Ontario, thence to Niagara County, New York, settling in Lockport, in 1845 to Milwaukee, in 1848 to Greene, County, Wis- consin, later to northern Iowa, and subse- quently to Kansas, where the father died, in Coffey County, in 1872. The parents had seven children, five now living, viz.: Mar- garet, John, James, George and William. One daughter, Jane, died at the age of thirty-seven years. She was married to Samuel II. Shaff, of Milwaukee, and left four children. Margaret was married to James Holmes, of Lockport, New York. The subject of this sketch remained in Mil- waukee, engaged in teaming, for three and a half years, and in the fall of 1848 came to Green County, Wisconsin, where he cast his first vote for Z. Taylor. He remained there until the fall of 1849, when he returned to Milwaukee, spent the winter there, and in May, 1850, returned to Green County. In June of the same year he went West with three companions to Fayette County, Iowa, taking six yoke of oxen, crossed the Missis- CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 137 sippi River at Dubuque, ard pastured their cattle in tlie streets of that city. He re- mained two years, and duriiifr tliat time helped locate the county seat, West Union, of Fayette County. In 1852 he returned to Green County, where he was enp^aged in breaking prairie by the acre tor two years, then tanned a few years, and in 1859 removed to Harrison County, Missouri, where lie bought a farm, intending to remain there, but was driven out by the drouth of 1860. He next went to Chickasaw County, Iowa, where he spent the winter; but, having lost everything in Missouri by the breaking out of the war in 1861, he returned to Green County and engaged in farming. In 1880 he came to Thorp, where he has since worked in the pineries, in the saw-mills, at carpen- tering, and at various other occupations. He also owns a house and four and a half acres in Tliorp. Mr. Leslie was married December 25, 1854, to Catherine E. Teneyck, a daughter of Borent Teneyck, deceased. They have had seven children, six of whom still survive: Buenavista, Mary E., Loretta J., George F., Edith M. and Ilaiinali L. In his religious faith Mr. Leslie is a First-Day Adventist, and in his political views a Prohibitionist. jNTHONY E. REDDEN, of section 36, Weston Township, Clark County, was born in Carleton County, Ontario, Can- ada, August 28, 1858, the son of Daniel (deceased) and Ellen (Fitzpatrick) Redden; the former was a native of Ireland, but came to Ontario when a young man; the latter died in October, 1880. Of their nine children, seven still survive, namely: Elizs, Jane, .lames, Mary, .John, ATithoiiy and Ella. Eliza was married to Lewis Jarvuis, who died about 1885; his widow now lives in Ontario. Ella married Menford Elliott, of Preston, Kingsbury County, South Dakota. The family moved to Renfrew County and lived there some time. -The sul)ject of this sketch came with his widowed mother to Clark County, Wisconsin, in 1883, settling on his present farm of 240 acres, most of which is improved. He has been engaged in logging camps most of his time since, but is now turning his attention to farming and stock-raising. Religiously ho is a menilierof tlie Catholii; Church, and pi)litically a li'3pulili(' ui, altluuifli in ikj sense of the word a politician. ^•^I^^^**^^"- fRANKLIN DOWNEIl was l.orn in Sharon, Windsor County, Vermont, "t^ September 26, 1825, and is a son of Solomon and Martha (Huntingdon) Downer, natives of the same county and State. The paternal grandparents were natives of Con- necticut, and the paternal grandfather was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. The maternal grandparents were born in Nova Scotia. Solomon Downer and wife were Ijorn, reared and married in Vermont, and there they lived and died. He was a soldier in the war of 1812; he was a farmer by occupation, and accumulated considerable property. There were seven children born to this worthy couple: Wooster, Jason, Chester, Susan, Franklin, Albert and Alice. Tlie three eldest are dead. The subject of this notice passed his child- hood and youth in his native county, and there received his education in the common schools; he made the most of his opportuni- ties for acquiring an education; for a few years later we Knd him occupying the posi- tion of schoolmaster in the villa^- fOSEPH C. MARSH, one of the enter prising business men of the county, was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1852, and is a son of Nelson and Rocelia (Taylor) Marsh: the father was born in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in 1827, and his wife was also a native of the "Keystone" State. Our subject was the eldest of a family of seven children; he was only live years of age when his parents re- 14-2 BIOORAPHTGAL BISTORT OF moved to Wisconsin; here lie passed his youth, acquiring his education in the com- mon sclioola and at Oskaloosa (Iowa) College; he was one of the early educators, having taught hoth in Clark County, Wisconsin, and in Iowa. After foUowincr this profession for a number of years he turned his attention to the lumber business, and in 1882 put in op- eration saw- mills both at Heathville and Spokeville, this county; this industry has flourished uuder his wise direction, and he now owns an extensive mill at Spokeville in which many building materials are manu- factured. It is indeed gratifying to see en- ergy and industry thus rewarded. In addition to his milling interests, Mr. Marsh owns a mercantile l)usiness at Spokeville, and is also Postmaster of the place. He has occupied several public offlees, displaying always that ability and sound judgment which have char- acterized his private dealings. He afiiliates with the Republican party and belongs to Master Lodge, No. 163, A. F. & A. M. Mr. Marsh was wedded to Miss Amy E. Covey, July 20, 1884, at Maple Works, Clark County, Wisconsin. She was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, in 1865, and is a daughter of Martin and Mary Covey. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are the parents of one child, Martie, aged two years. By a former marriage Mr. Marsh had three children: Hattie, Anna and Kay. f5 .1 .^ ^ fOlIN WILDISH, a prosperous farmer of Clark County, was born in Kent, Eng- land, January 27, 1847. April 24, 1867, he left his native land and sailed for Amer- ica. He was married in 1873, to Miss Hen- rietta Bancrolt, a distant relative of George Bancroft, the historian. She was born in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, in 1852, the daughter of New York parents. They have had six children: Allen, Rolland, Grace, Violiette, Horace and Harry. They are being educated in the high school at Neills- ville. By industry and economy Mr. Wild- ish has hewed out for himself the foundation of a nice little fortune. He owns eighty acres of choice land in section 24, Fine Val- ley Township, Clark County, one mile from the city of Neillsville, of which he has cleared up a good share with his own hands, it having been a perfect wilderness when he came to this part of Wisconsin. He is en- gaged in stock raising and farming, giving special attention to the raising of good sheep. He casts his vote with the Republi- can party, the first candidate for the Presi- dency that he supported having been General Grant. fOSEPH L. BARBER, of section 10, range 2, Weston Township, Clark County, was born in Essex County, New Jersey, October 10, 1827, the son of John S. and Abigail (Kinneman) Barber, both natives of New Jersey; the former was a shoemaker by trade. They were the parents of eleven chil- dren, six of whom still survive. Our sub- ject's grandfather, John S. Barber, was a Hessian, and came to this country to light against the Americans in the Revolutionary war, but deserted by jumping off a man-of- war, swam to the shore and joined Washing- ton's army, in which he was an officer until the close of the war. His wife cooked many meals for Washington, as the great General made his headquarters at their house while he was in winter quarters near Morristown, New Jersey. She drew a large pension, and died about thirty-five years ago, at the age of ninety-seven years. VLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 14a The subject of this sketch learned the ship-carpenter's trade, at the age of twenty- two years. He went to Chemung County, New York, where his brothers and sisters still reside. One brother (Abbott) is a wealthy man, and a Knight of the Red Cross Mason. Mr. Barber came to Calumet Clonnty, Wisconsin, in 1851, wiiere he bought land, but afterward returned to the East, and worked at his trade until 1854. In that year he came again to this State and settled on a farm, which was covered with iieavy timber. lie was a soldier in the late war, in Company D, Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving one year, and participated in the bat- tles of Savannah, Fort McAllister and others. His hearing was affected in the army, as was also his heart and lungs, and on account of the two latter draws a small pension. Mr. Barber came to this county in 1884, settling on his present farm of eighty acres, forty of which is cleared. He was married in New Jersey, in July, 1847, to Frances Elizabeth Demouth, a native of New Jersey, and daughter of John and Maria (Levi) Demouth. Mr. and Mrs. Bar- ber have had eleven children, seven of whom still survive, namely: Hannah, Samantha, Theodore, Joseph, Frank, Lillie and Albert. Hannah married George Smith, of Boyd, Chippewa County, Wisconsin, and they have two children — George and Mary. Hannah has a high-school education, and has taught seven years. Samantha married Sanford Chase, of Jefferson County, New York, and they have four children: Joseph S., Edward A., Frances C. and John L. Theodore is principal of the Alma Center School of Jackson County; was married to P^lora Mc- Carty, and has one child — Joseph. Joseph married Sina Fadner, lives in Eau Claire, and has two children — Carl ¥. and an infant girl. Frank is principal of the Melrose High School, Jackson County, and is a graduate of the Neillsville High School, in both English and German. Lillie is a teacher also. Al- bert married Alamanza Demouth, resides in Hay ton, Calumet County, Wisconsin, and has three children — George A., Lillian and Eva. Mr. Barber is a Mason socially, and politically a Republican. He has held the offices of Supervisor, Assessor, Constable, and Clerk of School J'oard. Mrs. Barber is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. UNDER ANDERSON.— This reliable and progressive farmer, residing on section 8, Springfield Township, enjoys the distinction of being the first white man to settle in this territory. He was born in Norway, September 30, 1820. His parents, Aadne and Ilelga (Gunderson) Anderson, were both natives of Norway. They emi- grated to America in the year 1843, and set- tled in Racine County, Wisconsin, where the father died. In 1854 the mother and chil dren removed to Jackson County, Wisconsin, and settled in the place that is now knovvn as Springfield Township; there the mother passed the remainder of her days. There were seven children in the family: Ivnud, G under, Ole, Gertrude, Knud, Margaret and Sarah. Gunder was the second child born; he was reared and educated in the place of liis birth, but in 1843, when his parents set sail for America, he accompanied them, and lived in Racine County, Wisconsin, until 1850. Then in company with three other men he crossed the plains to California, walking the entire distance. This in itself was no small feat, and was worthy of a better reward than they received in the "Golden State." Mr. An- 144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF derson was engaged in mining for a period of two years, but not realizing all he antici- pated he determined to return to Wisconsin. Accordingly, in 1854 we find him located in Jackson County, where he and his brothers entered a large tract of land under the Gov- ernment land laws existing; at that time. It was situated in what is now Springfield Township, and is as line land as can be found in the county. Mr. Anderson has given much time and thought to its proper cultiva- tion, and has converted it from the wild state of nature into one of the best farms in the county. When he first settled there, neighbors were fifteen miles away, and the nearest market place was Black River Falls, which was then a small village. The farm is composed of 200 acres, and is well im- proved with large buildings and many con- veniences. In choosing a political creed in his newly adopted country, Mr. Anderson identified himself with the Republican party. He and his family are members of the Lutheran Church, and are numbered among the faith- ful and consistent. June 24, 1862, our esteemed subject was united in marriage to Miss Mary Thurston, of Jackson County, Wisconsin. She was born in Norway, February 6, 1843, and is a daughter of Thurston and Alie (Reiersonj Thurstenson, natives of Norway. The par- ents emigrated to America in 1852, and set- tled in Pennsylvania; in 1858 they removed to Jackson County, Wisconsin, and settled in Springfield Township, where the father still survives; the mother died several years ao-o. Mrs. Anderson is a woman of many accom- plishments and rare virtues, and is highly respected by all who know her. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Anderson: Emma H., who as a teacher has won a high reputation; Alida T., the wife of Sanders Thompson; Ida L., Nettie S., Thomas, Albert, Minnie L., Enoch W. and Newell G. Nettie S., Ida L. and Thomas are deceased. Alida T. Thompson is the mother of one child— Gaylord G. They re- side in Madison, Wisconsin. jT^NUD S. BERGSETH, a blacksmith by W^$^ trade, was born in Norway, December "i^^ 23, 1842. He is a son of Soren and Anna Bergseth, who were also natives of Norway. The mother died in her native land, but the father emigrated to America, in 1872, and passed his last days in Jackson County, Wisconsin. He was a blacksmith by trade, and it was from him that our sub- ject received his most excellent training in this occupation. There were nine children in the family, of whom Knud S. was the second born. He grew to manhood in Nor- way, and was early inured to the labor of his trade. He remained content in the land of his birth until 1870, and he then determined to cross the sea to the land which welcomed the nationalities of the world. After land- ing on our shores he continued his journey to Wisconsin, and selected Jackson County as bis future home, and worked at his trade until five years later, when he invested in land near Taylor, Jackson County, and has brought this to a good state of cultivation; the farm consists of 200 acres, and is well improved with fine farm buildings. When Mr. Bergseth came to America he was entirely unable to speak the English lan- guage, and had little to rely upon except his natural resources By wise management and the exercise of his faculties he has accumu- lated a comfortable property, and has arisen to a position of independence. He is a Re- publican in his political opinions, but has de- u-c. J^r^i.^yMilLl, CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 14.1 cliiiod tlic [)iil)liu offices tliat liave liecti ofl'ered liim. IIo lias retired from active work oil lii.s farm, and is now occii])icd witli Ills tiado ill tlie village of Taylor, where lie enjoys a liberal patrona(>;e. Ill 18()7 he was united in marriage to Miss liiger Aiiiiiiidson, in Norway, and of tiiis niiioii two children were l)(»rii: Sam and Amos. The mother died in 1S71, and the father was marrieil a second time, to Miss Dorthea Hanson, of Jackson (loiiiity, ^Vis- consiii. She is the mother of sineii children: Ih^lmer, Anna, .Joi-<;eii. Evert, Marie, ( 'arl and Edna. ^ipSU(;iI r.PtOOlvS MILLS, the founder %WX and a prominent business man of Mills- ■^Slfi ton, was born in Mountain, Canada, .(anuary 14, 1S'2S, a son of Thomas and Margaret (Mclntyre) Mills. Ilis father was born and reared in Delaware, and lived there until about twenty-one, when he went to Canada, where lie met and married his wife. Early in the '30s his father moved back to Delaware, and a year or so later removed to St. Lawrence County, New Vork, where he lived until about 1^50, and tluMi came to this county and spent the remainder of his life. IIo was a farmer, and he and iiis wife were members of the Presbyterian CMiurcli. His grandfather was Alexander Mills, a Scotch- man who stM'ved in the war of 1H12 as an officer, and died from injuries received while in the service. Our subject's mother was born in Scotland, nc^ar (ilasgow, and died in Jacksrni County, ^VisconsiIl. lie had four brothers and one sister, viz.; (!atlierine (de- ceased) was the wife of Ira Partridge, of Macomb, St. ijawrenc(( County, New York; Thomas, a farmer in tliis county; Daniel, and John II. (deceased), formerly lumbermen in this county. The subject of this sketch, the sc^cond child in order of birth, was reared in St. Lawrence County, on a farm. He remained with his father and mive him the benefit of his labors until twenty-one years of ai^e, when he came in the spring of ISfO to Wisconsin, and be- gan working liy the month in the pineries at ^ I'l Shawano, ami remained in that vicinity three seasons. He then came on to Hhudj Uiver and continueil working in the pineries until 1853, when he commenced lumbering on his own account, in what is now (Jlark County, and has since bctui continuously in the lum- ber biisiiu^ss. I.iater lu^ moved back into Jackson County, and bought and ran a mill in the town of Manchester several yi^ars. In 18(52 his mill was burned, leasing him almost penniless. In 1873 \w located where he now lives, and started tiie town of Mills- ton, or rather the village, and the township took his name. He ere(^tetl the lirst build- ing in the place. He is now running a mill at Millston, and also owns about 3,00(1 acres of timber land, — pine, hard-wood, etc. Ile owns considerable farming land in Wisconsin and Minnesota, and also pro])erty in Superior. Mr. Mills was one of the organiz(M-s of the Jackson County I'.ank at Black River I''alls, and at the first election of oIKcers was made its vice-president, and later was elected prc^si- dent, in which capacity he served fix'e years. He has since been one of the directors. He is also interested in a steam grist-mill at IJlack River Ealls. He has served his town in some official capacity ever since he has been in the county; was a member of the State Assembly one term in 1877, from Jack- son and Clark co\inties. He is a member of the F. & A. M. at Black River Falls, and is now a thirty-second degree Mason. In poli- ties he has all his life been a Republican. January 12, 18.')7, Mr. Mills married Miss Mary Rogers, of La Crosse County, Wiscon- sin, who was then enwiired in teachiiuT school. She was born in (Quebec, (Jaiiada, in 1S.57. They have had nine children, namely: Thomas P., John II., Alexander, ha, Edward, Den- nis, Hugh P., Mary M. and Margaret M. Ira and Dennis are (leceased. Mr. Mills is an old pioneer and a sidf- inade man in the fullest sense of the word. In 1852 he bt)rrowed JP25 to ]iay his ex|)enses to what is now Jackson Coiintv, and began the struggle for a fortune to which he can now v.'ith honorable pride lay claim. When be first came here, he with six others kept bachelor's hall, going occasionally to iilack River Falls for a sack of (lour and supplyino- 146 BIOORAPIIICAL BISTORT OF themselves with meat by liunting and lish- iiig, killing deer, hear, partridge and other wild game. One old United States rifle was the only gun they owned, and each wonld take his turn in killing game. The Winne- haeo Indians were then under tribal relations and not as near civilized as they now are, but were always friendly with the old pioneers. Mr. Mills speaks of those days as some of the happiest of his life. "Then,"' he says, " a man's word was his bond, and honor was law; and all differences were settled by arbi- tration.'' Mr. Mills' own life is an example for young men to follow. Starting with no capi- tal but brain and muscle, inspired with a de- termination to succeed, lie went to work and never squandered his hard-earned dollars in driidv and riotous living, and his present accumulations speak for his success. Jle has always contributed liberally in an unostenta- tious way to every ])ublic enterprise, and has added as much to tiie wealth and prosperity of Jackson County as aiiy of her citizens. His sons are all cood business men and are "chips off the old block," following closely the footsteps of their worthy sire. Mrs. Mills is a lady of reffnetnent, and her gentle but cordial manner makes every one around her feel happy. Slie is devoted to her iius- baiid and children, and iier children are such that she can justly feel proud of them. rOM. 15. rillLPOTT was horn in Hampshire, England, near the city of Southampton, April 14, 1843, and is a son of William and Eliza (Andrews) Phil- pott, natives of Enifland. The father was born June 27, 1809, and the mother Decem- ber?, 1810; she died in Loyal, Clark County, Wisconsin, January 4, 1886. They emi- grated to America in 185G, and settled at Iron liidge. Dodge County, Wisconsin; there they resided until 1877, and in that year re- moved to Clark County, Wisconsin, locating at Loyal; tlie father still survives and makes that place his home. He is a blacksinitli by trade, and has followeil this occnpatidii since he was tiiirteen years of age. At one time, however, he was employed on the police force in England, and during this lime continued his trade. He and his wife were consistent meinliers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They had seven children born to tlu-m: Hairy, William, Tom. I'., Francis, James, Frank and Mary; Fi-ancis, James and Frank died in infancy. Tom. 15. was twelve years of age when he sailed to America. He was trained to the Uacksmith's traile by his father. He followed this calling in Iron Uidge, Wis., until 1860, and during the Pike's Peak excitement he went West. In 1861 he returned home, and in Au- gust, 1862, joined Company' T, Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving until December, 1864. He was then made hospital steward in the regular army, and held that position until Octol)er, 1865, at Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas. He participated in tlie siege of Vicksburg, was in tlie battles of Jackson and Ciiampion Hill, and many minor engage- ments. After the war Mr. Philpott returned to Wisconsin and homesteaded 160 acres of land in Loyal Township, Clark County; this was heavily timbered, and he devoted his energies to clearing it up and placing it under culti- vation, until 1871; at that time he l)uilt a l)lacksmith shop in Loyal, estahlishing a profit- able trade. He continued there in business until 1877; during five years of tin's time he served as town clerk of Loyal, and in the fall of 1877 he was elected Sheriff of the county on the liepublican ticket by a majority of thirteen votes; the following term he served as Under Sheriff, and in 1881 he was re- elected to the office by a majority of 670 votes; followino- this term he again served as Under Sheriff. During tiiis time he was promi- nently identified with the Republican party; he was chairuian of the County Committee for two years. He discharged all his duties with fidelity. He has been in the mercantile trade at Loyal since 1883, and besides he owns 240 acres of timlier lands in Loyal Town- ship. He also has nine lots in Loyal. He has accumulated this property by diligence, indus- try and good management, and is to be con- gratulated upon the success that has crowned CLARK AND JACKaON COUISTIES. 147 his efforts. The early days in a new country are not frauglit with pleasure and ease, and the comforts of life are meager. Mr. Pliilpott was married January 5, 1865, to Miss Emily T. Bresee, of Madison, Wis- consin. She was born in Dane County, Wis- consin, February 22, 1847, and is a daughter of Daniel Bresee, Esq. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Philpott: Milton J., Pearl M., George B. and Guy R. The parents and two older children are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are numbered among the most worthy families of the community. Our esteemed subject is a member of the 1. O. (). F. lodge, No. 198, of NeilL^ville, Wisconsin; of the C. R. Gill Post, No. 236, G. A. K.; of the A. O. U. W., of Neills. ville. and Modern Woodmen of America, Loyal Camp; No. 1,414, of Loyal, of which he is the clerk. •ublican party. He is a member of tlie William Moore Post, ]Slo. 92, G. A. K., at Clack River Falls. The first day of March, 1863, was a day memorable in the history of our subject, as it was then he wedded Miss Elizabeth R. Allen. Mrs. Preston was born in Elmira, New York, June 18, 1845, and is a daughter of Ira B and Mary A. (Hollenback) Allen. Her par- ents settled in Jackson County, Wisconsin, in 1855, two miles east of the town of Hix- ton; there they lived for many years; in 1874 they removed to Virginia, and the father died there April 10, 1886, at the age of sixty- nine years. The mother then returned to Wisconsin, and died at Sechlerville, Wiscon- sin, June 20, 1888, at the age of sixty-six years. Mr. and Mrs. Preston have had born to them two children: Frank R. and Ruby A. Frank married Miss Lillie Downer, and they have one child, Nina. Ruby A. married Mr. Kimball Berry, a farmer residing in Jaskson County. fOHN COX, of section 12, Eaton Town- ship, Clark County, was born in Leeds County, Canada, thirty-three miles north of Brockwell, October 6, 1836, the son of George Cox, a native of Somersetshire, Eng- land, who came to Canada when a young man, where he still resides. Our subject's mother, uee Lucy Dowsett, is now deceased. They were the parents of eleven children. live of wiiom still survive: John, James, George, William and Charles. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received his education in the com- mon schools. He worked in the pineries several years in Canada, and then, in Decem- ber, 1867, came to this county. In Novem- ber, 1868, he settled on his present farm of forty acres, thirty of which is cleared. He has worked most of the winters in the piner- ies, and drove logs in the spring and summer, and has also followed the carpenter's trade. Mr. Cox was married in Canada, October 25, 1862, to Elizabeth Edmunds, daughter of Caleb, deceased, and Jane (Andrews) Ed- munds. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have ten chil- dren, nine of whom are still living, namely: Olive, born May 17, 1863; Ernest, October 11, 1864; Sarah, December 10, 1866; George, May 3, 1868; Frederick, January 6, 1872; Sidney, August 29,1873; Charlotte, August 12, 1875; Ephraim, August 31, 1877, and Doretta, May 27, 1882. Olive was married to Daniel Stoneburg, of this city, and has four children, viz.: Herbert, born July 1, 1881; Ivan, June 6, 1884; Berton, August 29, 1886, and Joseph, June 10, 1888. -^ "S * 3"S ' i5" "-^ E. POATE, dealer in tinware, stoves, hardware and agricultural imple- * ments, Maple Works, Wisconsin, is a native of England. He was born March 18, 1850. His parents, with their family, came to America tliirty-four years ago and located in Portage, Wisconsin. The subject of this sketch is the fourth of their ten chil- dren, six of whom are now living. He re- ceived a fair education in tlie public schools of Portage, and at the age of twelve years began to work on a farm, receiving $12 per month. He was subsequently employed for CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 151 two jears on a boat on tlie Wisconsin River, after which he woi-]ufTalo. Mr. Vine was the youngest of their family of four children. He received his education in the public schools of his native cit}', attending school in winter and working in the summer time. In starting out in life Mr. Vine had little or no capital save a willing hand and a determina- tion to succeed. He came to Wisconsin in 1864 and located in Clark County, where he bought forty acres of land that by hard work lie reclaimed from the wilderness. As the years went by he prospered in his undertak inifs and is now the owner of a half section of land, sections 9 and 16, in Grant Town- 8lii[i. This is located five miles from Neillsville. Mr. Vine was married in Uiiffaio, in 1864, to Mary Boss, who was born June 1, 1844. Her parents were also natives of England. They have seven children: Etta A., Arthur, Fred, Elsie, Frank, George and Edna. All have received a lilieral education in the dis- trict schools and in Neillsville, and for tiiree years Elsie has been a teacher. Politically Mr. Vine is a Democrat. He favors the pulilic-school system, but believes that par- ents should control the education of their children. He has been Chairman of the Town Board for three years, and for sixteen years served as Town Clerk of his town, and as Postmaster of Pleasant Ilidge ten years; he has been Secretary of the Clark County Fair Association, and is President of the Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He is engaged in general farming and stock-rais- ing, making a specialty of fine sheep, wiiich he imports. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. That he is reganled as one of the representative citizens of his county is at- tested by the fact that he is the present nominee of his party for the office of County Treasurer. LEXANDER SHANKS, of section la, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Middlesex County, Ontario, February 28, 1850, the son of Hugh Shanks, a native of Ireland. Our subject was reared to farm life and received his (education in the common schools. He came to this county in in 1869, where he first began work in the pineries, and also drove logs during the springs and summers. He settled on his present farm in 1874, which was then covered with heavy, hardwood timber. He owns 120 acres, of which sixty acres is cleared, and here is successful as a general farmer and stock- raiser. 15-3 BIOGRAPniCAL HTSTORT OF Mr. Shanks was married October 6, 1872, to Mary Robertson, daughter of William and Catliarine (Shinners) Robertson, both deceased. Mrs. Siianks was horn in the city of Ottawa, Canada, February 29, 1848. Of their six children three are now living: David J., Pearl L. and Lucy M. Mr. Shanks was a member of the Town Board one year, Assessor one year, a member of the School Board seven years and is now Treasurer of the same. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. fraternity, and both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which the former is a district ^steward for the Green- wood district. Politically lie is a Prohi- bitionist. >iEZEKIAH HUBBELL, of section 11, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Hastings County, Ontario, No- vember 5, 1848, the son of Ira and Mary A. (Harlow) Hubbell, both natives of Hastings County, and both are also about sixty-six years of age. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He worked at the blacksmith's trade with his father until twenty-five years of age, and since tiiat time has been engaged in farm work mostly. He came to the United States in June, 1880, and worked on a farm near St. Paul, Minnesota, until the fall of the same year, when he came to this county, and in January, 1881, brought his family here from Canada. He first worked in the saw-mill of Thomas Miller thirteen months and eight days, and then settled on his present farm of eighty acres, twenty-three of which is cleared. During the winters he worked in the pineries on contracts, in which he was quite success- ful. Mr. Hubl)ell came to tiiis county with only $11 in cash, and has risen to liis present position by his own unaided eflforts. He was married March 4, 1873, to Melissa Rupert, a native of Hastings County, Ontario, and daughter of Leonard Rupert, a native of the same county. Tiiey have two children: Arthur S., born October 22, 1874, and Winn- ifred, August 7, 1876. Mr. Hubbell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and also of the L O. O. F. and Modern Woodmen. IgqDMUJS'D MORTlBOY,an honored citi- zen of Jackson County, is an American by adoption, having been born in Wor- cestershire, England, May 13, 1833. His parents. Job and Ann (Griffiths) Mortiboy, were also natives of England, although the Mortiboys are of French descent, and the Griffiths are of Welsh ancestry. They emi- grated to America in 1855, and located in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, but two years later removed to Fond du Lac County, Wis- consin; there they resided until 1858, and then came to Jackson County, and settled on the land where the town of Hixton now stands; there they passed the remainder of their lives, living to a good old age. The father was a blacksmith by trade, and he also gave some attention to farming. He and his wife were life-long members of the Presby- terian Church. They iiad three children born to them: Edmund, Alfred and Lydia. Al fred joined the army as a musician in the Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and died at Memphis, Tennessee, from dis- ease; Lydia is now the wife of E. B. Holmes, of Jackson County. Edmund Mortiboy grew to man's estate in England, and received an early training in his father's trade, blacksmithing. He fol- lowed this occupation until he was twenty- two years of ago, and then came to America, CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 153 and has been identified with tlie interests of Jackson Count}' since the year 1859. He settled on the land he now owns in 1875; his farm consists uf 200 acres, in Ilixton Township, and is as gcod land as lies within the borders of the county; 130 acres have been rendered tit for cultivation, and the eil'orts attendant upon the task of cleai'ing forest lands should not he lightly estimated. For sixteen years Mr. Mortiboy was engaged in the blacksmith's trade in Sechlerville, Wisconsin. He abandoned this, however, for an agricultural life, and has made a success of his undertaking; he has many excellent improvements, and is giving his whole atten- tion to this pursuit. Politically lie is a stanch supporter of the Republican party, and has represented the people of his township in the various^ local ofKces. Mr. Mortiboy has been three times mar- ried: he was first united to Miss Eliza Lee, a native of England, by whom he had three children: Henry A., deceased; Frances E. and Kalph E. After her death he married Miss Catherine Vose, of Jackson County, Wisconsin. She was the mother of" two daughters: Cora M. and Edith M. She was called to her eternal rest, and Mr. Mortiboy was afterwards married to Miss Fannie M. Nolop, of Jackson County; five children were born of this marriage: Alfred G.; Jess- amine A., Dean, Nell and Josephine. ■ S"I - g" -^ 5SRAEL R. BARNUM is a man whose uprightness and integrity render it a pleasure to sketch his career and record it on these ])ages of the history of Jackson County. He was born in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York, July 1, 1823, and is a Son of Israel and Mary (Hose) Harnum, also natives of the State of New York. Israel Barnutn was a relative of the famous P. T. Barnnin. He came witii his wife to Wibcon- sin at an early day and settled in Dunn County, where he still resides, at the ad- vanced age of ninety-four years; his wife died in 1882, at the age of eighty-two years. He served as a soldier in the war of 1812; all his life he has been a farmer; he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church; they had born to them ten children: Israel R., Hiram, Jonatlian, William, Mary A., Zadok, Noah, Jane, Warren and Antonette. The eldest born, and the subject of this no- tice, was reared on a farm in the midst of the scenes of his birth, attending the common schools. In the year 1850 he came to Jackson County, hoping to make a home and accumu- late some property; in 18(jl he bought 200 acres, which now comprise his farm, seventy acres having been placed under cultivation through his persevering efforts. It has been n« light task to clear this land from the wild forest, and fit it foi' the plow, and too much praise cannot be given to those hardy pioneers who have made Jackson County what she is to-day. Mr. Barnum at one ptM-iod of his life was engaged in a tannery, and he has also fol- lowed surveying, serving as County Sur- veyor for one term; he has been Town Clerk almost continuously since 1861, and lie has been Justice of the Peace for several terms. In his political faith he is a Pro- hibitionist. He cast his first Presidential vote for James K. Polk. He is a believer in ciiurchesand religiousdenominations,and con- tributes liberally to their support, although he is not a member of any deno nination. July 20, 1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Chariton. She was born in Middletown. Delaware County, New York, November 22, 1832. and is a daugh- 154 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ter of William and Saliva A. (Bivens) Chari- ton, natives of the Eiapire State. Mr. and Mrs. Barnnm are the parents of tea chil- dren: Sarah, Alice, Mary, Sidney, Elmer, lona, Lillie. Ada, Willie and Elva; Sidney, Alice and Mary are deceased. STRA FIKE, for many years a resident of P the State of Wisconsin, was born in ()n- ^ tario, Canada, Aiignst 26, 1844. His father, Samuel Fike, was born at Fort Hope, Ontario, Canada, in 1809, and still lives in the Dominion. He is a farmer by occupation, and has accumulated considerable property. He married Ann Losey, also a native of Can- ada; the paternal ancestors are descended from the Germans, and the mother's fore- fathers came from Ireland and England. Mr. and Mrs. Fike are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurcli. They have had born to them eleven children: Ira, Sidney, Saraii, George, Adelaide, Alice, Al- len, Martha, Lydia, Agnes, and Carrie, de- ceased. Ira Fike was reared in his native country, and received the practical training of a farmer; he attended the common schools of that day, and until he was twenty years of age remained under the parental roof, giving the benefit of his labors to his fatiier. When he started out for himself he came to the United States, locating in Jefferson County, New York. There he followed the occupa- tion of fanning until there was a call for men to go to tlie defense of this nation; in 1863 he enlisted in Company (}, Ninety- fourth New York Volunteer Infantry, as a private and served until peace was declared. He was at the taking of Petersburg, and in many minor engagements; was mus- tered out at Alexandria, Virginia, in July, 1865, and honorably discharged. After the close of the war he returned to New York and resided in Oswego County until 1867; in that year he came to Wisconsin, locating in Adams County, where he made his home until 1871, coming at that time to Clark County, and purchasing the farm where he now lives; he owns 160 acres on section 22, and 160 acres on section 26, Fremont Township. He has given all his time and attention to the cultivation of the soil, and in the season has been engaged to some ex- tent in logging. The only capital which he had in the beginning of his business career was willino; hands and a determination to win his sliare of this world's goods, and in this he has been more than snccessful. Mr. Fike is a Republican, and has served as chairman of the Town Board for nine years. For three years he was superintendent of the county poor farm, displaying unusual capa- pabilities in the management of this institu- tion, and was two years chairman of the County Board. He is a member of Master Lodge, No. 163, A. F. & A. M., and of lodge No. 198, I. O. O. F., and Black River Lodge, No. 32, A. O. U. W. Our subject was united in marriage April 3, 1867, to Miss Frances C. Polmatier, of Oswego County, New York. She was born in Columbia County, New York, March 30, 1842, and is a daughter of Elias and Re- becca (Simmons) Polmatier, natives of New York. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Fike, Samuel E., who first saw the light of day December 13, 1868. --^5^^^— fOHN CASTNER came to Clark County, Wisconsin, in 1855, and found it a wild and thinly settled country. He has wit- nessed its development and growth from its CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 155 original state to one of liigli cultiviition, and lias seen it attain rank among the first coun- ties of the land. He was born in Seneca County, Ohio, July 27, 1835, and is a son of John and Maria (Sabens) Castuer, natives of New Jersey and Massacliusetts respectively. The parents were married in Cayuga County, New York, and in 1885 emigrated to Seneca County, Ohio, where the father died; later the mother moved to Steuben County, In- diana, where she ended her days on earth. John Castner, Sr., was a farmer by occupa- tion. Sixteen children were born to him and his wife, thirteen of whom lived to ina- t\irity: Jacob, William, Mary, Elizabeth, PlujL'be P., Jane, John, the subject of this sketch, Margaret, George, Nancy, Eliza, Car- oline and Stewart. John Castner, Jr., was reared in Seneca County, Ohio, and lived on a farm until he was twenty years of age; he spent his time in the occupations incident to farm life, and attended the common schools of that day. In 1855 he l)ade adieu to the parental roof and tlie scenes of his childhood and youth, and started to the West. lie came to Clark County, Wisconsin, and rented a farm on lilack lliver, and at the same time entered a farm on section 19, Loyal Township; in 18G2 he disposed of this place, and removed to Monroe County, Wisconsin, where he lived until 1869; he then returned to Clark County, and purchased 160 acres of land, which he now makes his home; he has 120 acres still in his name, having disposed of forty acres, and sixty-four acres are cleared. Starting out in life for himself without capi- tal, Mr. Castner is certainly deserving of niuch commendation for the success with which he has met. He has held his shan^ of the township ofKces, and although not a member of any church organization, he at- tends the Methodist Episcopal Church regu- larly and contributes generously to its support. Politically he adheres to the prin- ciples of the Republican {)arty. September 17, 1859. is a memorable day in the life of Mr. Castner, as it was then he was joined in marriage to Miss Lydia Mack, of Clark County, Wisconsin. She was born in the Dominion of Canada, February 1, 1844, and is a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Benedict) Mack, also natives of (Canada. Nine cliildren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Castner: Mary, the wife of Ernest Boyer; George, who married Lillian Nutting; Sophronia, wife of Dr. J. L. Bradtield, of Chicago, Illinois, and Albina, wife of Will- iam Dutcher; Albert, Alfred, Daniel, Frank, and an infant unnamed are the other mem- bers of the family. Mrs. Caster has been a member of the Methodist Church in full connection since 1869. ILLETT E. l^UliT was born August 19, 1842, ill St. Lawrence County, New York. His parents, both na- tives of that State, are iu)W deceased. He attended the district schools of St. Lawrence County and finished his education in the cfraded schools of Potsdam, New York. He ieinainelessed with four children: Floy, Milan, Edward and Gene. Two of them are attend- ing the district schools of the township. Mr. Burt's farm is located on section 3, Pine Valley Township, and is two miles from Neillsville. When he first came to Wis- consin he brought with him the first sulky hay rake and mowing-machine that was ever in the county. He is a man well posted on general topics and is ranked among the fore- most farmers of the township. ITEPHEN M. ANDERSON, Justice of the Peace and School Clerk of Green- wood, was horn near Ottawa, (Ontario, June 14, 1828, the son of Elkanah Anderson (deceased), who was born near Oswego, New York, of English and Welsh ancestry. His father, John Anderson, came from the latter country, and his mother, 7iee Hannah Baker, from England. Our subject's mother, form- erly Elizabeth Hntton, was born near Lake Champlain, New York. Mr. and Mrs. An- derson had eight children, six of whom still survive, viz.: John, Jane, Elkanah, Joseph, Stephen and George C. The father had two children by a former marriage: liubie and Lorena. The parents both died in Canada. Stephen M. Anderson, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, and received a limited education. He came to Juneau County, Wisconsin, in July, 1868, where he remained until 1870, and in that year came to this county, locating in what is now Green- wood. It was then heavy woods, there being but three houses on the present village site, and he is the eldest settler now living here. There were deer, l)ear and Indians all around him, where are now fine farms. He cleared a fine farm of eighty acres which joins the village. Mr. Anderson was married September 2, 1851, to Harriet Campbell, a native of Can- ada, and they have ten children, eight of whom still survive, namely: Mary J., George D., Ann E., Franklin H., Victoria I., Rod- erick M., William C. and Mattie M. Mary J. married Robert Robinson, of St. Paul. Ann E. was married to William Johnson, of Eaton Township, and has one child, Rawlin B. Mr. Anderson is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and holds the offices of steward and trustee. He is devoted to the cause, and gives liberally to the support of the gospel. He has been chairman of the Town Board, and assessed the county the first time, when Eaton Township contained fourteen Congressional townships. He is also Town Treasurer and School Clerk, and has i)een Justice of the Peace eight year.<. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F., and politically a Republican. fOHN W. HUBBLE, of section 11, Eaton Township, was born in Rodden Town- ship, Ontario, June 7, 1857, a son of Ira and Mary A. (Harlow) Hubble, both na- tives of Canada. The father was a farmer, but a blacksmith by trade. Mr. and Mrs. Hubble had nine children, six of whom still survive, viz.: Hezekiah, Benjamin, Pho3be A., John W., Ira L. and George F. John W., our subject, was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He came to the United States in 1877, and worked in the pineries and also on a farm in this county until 1885. In that year he set- tled on his present farm of eighty acres, thirty-five of which is cleared. He was married April 22, 1886, to Mary CLARE AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 157 dani^liter of Sylvester Burns, of Jackson County, Wisconsin, and they have two cliil- dreii: Harry II. and Russell O. Politically Mr. Hubble is a Republican, and is a success- ful and hard-working citizen. tEWIS JOHNSON, a successful fanner of Green Grove Township, has been a resident of Clark County, WisconsiTi, since 1881. He is a native of Norway, born April 26, 1849, and is a son of John Olsen, a native of the satne country. The paternal houseiiold was composed of the pai-ents and three children: Mary, Ole and Lewis, the subject of this notice. The latter was reared among the pine-clad hills of his native land, residing tliere until he was twenty years of age. Believing that America offered many advantages to the ambitious young man that the older countries did not afford, he deter- mined to emigrate to the United States, and seek his fortune in a strange land. Accord- ingly he set sail, and after landing on these shores, he settled in the State of New Vork; he remained there but a little time, however, removing to Fillmore County, Minnesota, where he worked on a farm for two years; at the end of this period he went to Sparta, Wis- consin, and was employed in a brewery, and on a farm. Later on he began working in the pineries along Black River, and followed this occupation fur eigiiteen consecutive winters. In 1881 he settled on his present farm, which consists of eighty acres of choice land, twenty of which are in a high state of cultivation. He has erected neat and com- fortable buildings, has purchased many of the modern farming implements, and is quite abreast of the times in his occupation. In considering the fact that he began life as a poor boy, with no capital excepting that with which nature had endowed him, he is to be congratulated upon the success with which he has met. In politics Mr. Johnson is connected with the Republican party, but is not actively en- gaged in its movements, fulfilliug his duties as a good citizen. He was reared to the faith of the Lutheran Church, and although he is not connected with any religious denomina- tion, he believes in their establishment and maintenance, and gives liberally to their sup- port. In October, 1880, Mr. Johnson was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Scott, of Clark County, Wisconsin. She was born in Neills- ville, Wisconsin, and is a daughter of Robert Scott, Esq. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have had born to them seven children: Katie, Eugene, Lottie, Robert, Will)ur, Edna and Lewis, all of whom are living at the present time. — -^►^-►i^J-I'-- fOIIN POPE, a farmer residing on sec- tion 16, Grant Township, Clark County, was born in England, September 3, 1833. His early educational advantages were limited and he attended school only one winter in all. Up to the age of twenty-five he was the eldest boy of five children, and was nineteen years old when he came to America with his parents, who remained in New York State a few months and then moved to Ohio and stayed there some two or three years. They ne.xt moved to Cook County, Illinois. The father came to Clark County, Wisconsin, and bought land. Mr. Pope, our present subject, was mar- ried March 21. 1859, to Harriet Benedict, a nativeof New York State, and they have had three children. John worked on a farm until the time of his enlistmeiit in tlu^ army, which 158 BIOGRAPHIOAL HISTOMY OF occnrred in the month of August, 1862. He enlisted as a private in Company E, One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Infantry, and during his service made some long and difficult marches, which broke down his con- stitution. He was detailed for some months to take care of the sick and wounded, which services were much appreciated by his fellow comrades. He was discharged at Memphis, Tennessee, in June, 1865, for the reason that his service was no longer required. Return- ing then to Clark County, he engaged in farming. He is a Republican and one of the prominent citizens of the township of Grant. t URL IN McTAGGART resides on an eighty-acre farm in section 12, Pine Valley Township, Clark County. He was born in Canada West, March 21, 1850, son of William and Nancy McTaggart, na- tives of England, who came to Canada when youno-. The subject of this sketch started out in life, working in the woods of Canada for $8 per month. In 1880 he went to Illi- nois where he worked for three years. In 1884 he came to Clark County, Wisconsin, and bought the farm on which he now lives. Mr. McTaggart was married, July 18, 1884, to Mrs. Rivers, who was born at Ban- gor, Maine, November 4, 1846. Her parents, R. L. and Mary Mains, were natives of Ire- land and are deceased. They settled in Maine in 1820, afterward moved to Canada, and in 1856 to Clark County, Wisconsin, as pioneers in a wilderness. By her first hus- band Mrs. McTaggart had two children: Delia T. and Cloy. The former, a graduate of the Green Bay schools, was an amiable young lady, and when her death occurred, April 1, 1889, she was mourned by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Politi- cally Mr. McTaggart is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the success of his party. ■"I' ^ x l ' l - ILLIAM FREE, of the firm of Free & Phillips, is engaged in manufact- uring mouldings, shingles, etc., on the corner of Seventh and Clay streets, where they commenced three years ago. They have a forty-live-horse-power engine, and employ from eight to twelve men. They do a gen- eral contracting business in building and all kinds of wood work. Their buildine is 45 x 50 feet, two stories high. The firm do a business of $5,000 to $7,000 worth per year, and are among the prominent manufacturers of the county. Mr. Free was born in Quebec, Canada, February 2, 1856, the son of Richard and Jane (Parham) Free, natives of Ireland, who came to America before marriage. The father was engaged in the boot and shoe trade, and was also an extensive farmer. He sold his business in 1882 and came to Clark County, Wisconsin, where he was engao-ed in farming until his death in 1889. The mother is still a resident of the county. While in Canada the father held a number of offices; he was a strong Republican and highly re- spected. Mr. and Mrs. Free had a family of twelve children, eight of whom are now liv- ing: Thomas, Anna, Margaret, Esther, Rich- ard, William, Mary and John. William was reared on the home farm, and lived on the same until twenty- two years of age, having received a common-school education. He then came to Wisconsin and settled in Clark County, where he was engaged at the car- penter's trade, which business he also fol- lowed in this and Taylor counties. He set- tled permanently in this county in 1883, and CLASE AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 159 since that time lias been engaged in contract- inir and bnildincr. He built a fine home in this city in 1883, on Court street, where he now resides. Mr. Free was married in 1883, to Miss Elizabeth Wilson, a daughter of William and Matilda (Sample) Wilson, natives of Canada. They have a fatnily of live children: William W., Richard P., Matilda B., Gladice J. and Mary Ellen. Politically Mr. Free is a Re- publican, and socially an Odd Fellow. He is a man highly respected for his enterpris- ing spirit and business capacity. jUDOLPH S. HUMMEL, of section 22, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in the village of Dorf, Brugcr County, Switzerland, December 25, 1837. Ilis mother died when he was small, and his father brought the family to the United States in 1850, locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where the latter died in 1852. Rudolph re- mained one year with his stepmother, and then began life for himself. He came to Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1855, and thence to Clark County the next spring, where lie remained at Levi's Tavern until the fall of the same year. He next went to Alma Cen ter, Jackson County, thence to Hixon, same county, in 1859, and then to Black River Falls in the fall of 18G0, where he enlisted in the Union army, September, 1861, in Com- pany G, Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer In- fantry. He served until February, 1863, when he was discharged for disability, having received a gunshot wound in his left arm. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Bowling Green, Murfreesborough, Bridge- port, Tennessee, Bear Creek, Stevenson and others. In the fall of 1864 he re-enlisted in Company G, Fifth Wisconsin Volunteer In- fantry, and served until the close of the war. During this enlistment he was in the battles of Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, Sailor's Creek and others. His wound has never healed, and he now draws a pension. After the war Mr. Hummel returned to Black River Falls and drove a team for D. J. Sj)aulding several years, and in 1872 came to this county, where he homesteaded eighty acres in Beaver Township. He settled on his present farm in 1882, whi'-h was then cov- ered with heavy timber. He was married April 20, 1863, to Louisa H. Schermerhorn, who was born in Erie County, New York, the daughter of William Schermerhorn, de- ceased. Tliey have five children, three of whom are now living: William G., Warren I. and Oscar A. One son, Albertus J., died February 19, 1890, at the age of twenty-three years, and one daughtei'. Myrtle, died Octo- ber 21, 1886, aged seven years. William married Almeda Baker, and resides in this county. Mr. Hummel has an adopted daughter, Laura L. He is a member of the G. A. R., and both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Republican. '■ 0' * S *' S * ■ " -»°' ^ILLIAM CAVES, Jr., was born in H| Jackson County, Wisconsin, March 8, 1860, the son of William Caves, who was born in Ireland in 1844. The lat- ter came to this country early in life and lo- cated in Jackson County, where he now lives, and is engaged in farming. Our subject's mother, nee Elizabeth Covers, was l)orn in Ire- land in 1846, and died in Jackson County, Wisconsin, at the age of thirty-live years. She was a daughter of Henry and Mary Covers. Mr. and Mrs. Caves had ten children, five of 160 BWORAPHIGAL HISTORY OF whom still survive: Charles, William E., Mary, Euima and Effie. William, our subject, was reared on a farm and received his education in Jackson Count}'. In 1884 he went to work in a saw-mill, which lie continued until about 1886, when he was elected manager of the county poor farm, and still holds that position. He is a Democrat politically. He was married August 16, 1884, to Caroline Olson, who was born in Albion, Wisconsin, September 9, 1862, the daughter uf Ole Olson, who came to this country in 1862 and located in Jackson County, Wisconsin, Albion Township, where he now lives and carries on general farming. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. Mr. and Mrs. Caves have two chil- dren: Elizabeth and John O. I HESTER G. STOW, a prosperous 51tf^ farmer residing on section 21, Loyal Township, was born in Washington County, Wisconsin, June 13, 1852. His parents, Lewis G. and Laura (Smith) Stow, were natives of Trumbull County, Ohio; the paternal grandparents were Chester and Cynthia (Ward) Stow, natives of Massachu- setts; the direct maternal ancestors were also natives of Massachusetts. Lewis G. Stow removed with his family to Washington County, Wisconsin, about the year 1848, and after a residence there covering several years, he went to Waukesha County, Wis- consin, where his wife died; in 1864 he made another change, settling in Clark County, where he homesteaded 160 acres of land; this was heavily timbered, but he cleared up a portion of it, and made a comfortable home, where he passed the remainder of his days, surrounded by many of the blessings of this life. He was highly respected by his fellow- townsmen, and for three years represented them on the township board; he was also a member of the county board. Politically he was identified with the Republican party. He and his wife were both faithful members of the Congregational Church. They reared a family of four children: Naomi M., Cyn- thia S., Charles W. and Chester G. Our esteemed subject was reared in Wash- ington County, Wisconsin, in the town of Hartford; he received his education in the common schools, and was trained to the occupation of a farmer; he also learned the carpenter's trade, but has not followed it to any extent. In the earlier days of California staging was a profitable business, and Mr. Stow was for two years engaged in runnino- a stage line from Loyal to Spencer and Green- wood. After his father's death he bought out the interest of the other heirs, and now owns 100 acres of land, thirty-three of which are cleared and in a high state of cultivation. He has made all the improvements, which are modern in style and substantial in character. Since purchasincr the farm he has crimen his sole attention to its care and cultivation, and has been very successful in all his under- takings. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party, and has held almost all of the township offices. He and his wife are both devoted church members, he belonging to the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and she to the Seventh Day Adventists. December 23, 1875, occurred the marriage of Chester G. Stow and Miss Rhoda J. Ros- coe, of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. Mrs. Stow was born in Washington County, Wisconsin, ill the town of Farmineton, Foi)- ruary 23, 1855, and is a daughter of James and Eliza (Finch) Roscoe, natives of the State of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Stow are QrafHi^ £^4)^^^ cy ^^^t^rrU^. CLARK A \D JAGKSOX COUNTIES. Kil the paruiits of tliree children: Lewis R., who died in infancy; Hugh F. and Edwin F. fAMES LIVINGSTONE, of Jackson County, was born in Cliicopee Falls, Hampden CVmiity, Massachusetts, June 7, 1843, the son of John Livingstone, who was born in Dunferniline, Fileshire, Scot- land, May 26, 1818. June 7, 1842, he came to this country, locating in ILampdeii Connty, Massachusetts, where he followed his trade of weaver. After coming to the United States he worked in a cotton factory until 1844, when he went to Greenville, Connecticut, and was employed as a weaver of ingrain carpets. In 1846 lie went to Bean Dill, so called because heaiis was the only crop which could be raised there, where he was employed in a cloth factory. In 1848 he went to New Haven, and there worked for a railroad com- pany until the spring of 1853, when he re- iiiuved to Chicago, Illinois, where he ran a stationary engine for the Illinois Central liailroad Company. In April, 1857, he came t.) Jack.son Connty, Wisconsin, locating in the town of Irving, where he now owns 200 acres in section 13, in company with his son James, where they are engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Politically he atKliates with the Republican party. His father, James Livingstone, was horn in Dun- fermline, Scotland, in 1785, and died in Kir- caldy, Scotland, in March, 1860. He was also a weaver hy trade, and for fifteen years was salesman and manager of a lar-< HRISTIAN LARSON, of section 36, Warner Township, Clark County, was liorn in Trondlijem, Norway, November 10, 1845, the son of Lars Anderson, who was born in Christiania, same country, in 1815. He was the father of four chihlren, three of whom are still living: Andrew, of Jackson County; Anthony and Christian, in Clark County. The father died in this county in 1878, and the mother now lives with her son, the subject of this sketch. Christian came to the United States in 1865, and first lived in Black River Falls, Wiscon- 1U4 BIOORAPHICAL HISTORY OF sin; but in 1868 came to this county with his father and brotiier Anthony, where they all kept "bach" iu their pole shanty. Mr. Larson has worked in the woods nearly every winter since he came to Clark County. He owns a tine farm of eighty acres, thirty-five of which is cleared, where he also has a shop in which he makes spinning-wheels, cabinet, scroll and bracket work. He is an enter- prising and public-spirited citizen. He was married January 1, 1873, to Mary Olson, who was born in Norway, the daugh- ter of Ole Ostenson, and they have two chil- dren — Mary C and Laura O. The family are members of the Lutheran Church, and the father is a Republican politically. ■a* ii>i > * 2^ < 3 *^r^"" ilCHARD M. BOON, a successful farmer of Clark County, was born in London- derry, Ireland, June 25, 1835. His parents, Charles and Nancy Boon, with their family, left the Emerald Isle in 1847 and landed in Quebec, Canada, but settled in Maine. Like many of his countrymen, the subject of this sketch receiv^ed only a limited education, as much of his time was occupied in helping to support the large family, which consisted of thirteen children, including himself. In 1858 Mr. Boon was united in mariiage witii Miss Jane Wilson, who was born April 5, 1845, in Canada. They were married in Marlow County, Province of Quebec. Their union has been blessed with ten children, all of W'hom are living excepting the eldest daughter, who died February 16, 1888. About seventeen years of Mr. Boon's life has been spent in the woods, where he has been engaged in logging, driving teams, etc. He came to Clark County, Wisconsin, in November, 1868, bought a tract of 120 acres. and by hard work, economy and judicious management cleared up a neat little farm of eighty acres. It is located in section 9, Pine Valley Township, and prior to its purchase by him was frequented with plenty of deer and other wild game. Mr. Boon is a highly respected citizen, and a member of the I. O. O. F. tNTHONY LARSON, of section 36, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Trondhjem, Norway, April 20, 1843, the son of Lars Anderson (deceased), a native of Christiania, same country. The latter was a laborer in a paper mill, also superintendent of the same, in Trondhjem. The subject of this sketch completed his education in his native country, and in 1860 came to the United States, stopping tirst at Black River Falls, where he worked in a saw- mill several years, and was also engaged in lumbering. In 1868 he came to this county and settled on bis present homestead of eighty acres, forty of which is cleared. For his first I'esidence he and his brother carried the logs and built a round-log shanty, with a roof of basswood scoops, an iroiiwood pole chimney plastered with clay; they used blocks of wood for chairs. The wild animals were very numerous at that time, and Mr. Larson once shot a deer through the window of his cabin, early one morning while the remainder of the family were asleep. He was married in January, 1866, to Inge- bor Haralson, and they had ten children, all of whom are now living: Matilda, Harry, Louise, Levis, Ida, Helma, Joseph and Tina. Mr. Larson has worked in the pineries nearly every winter since coming to this county, and has also been engaged in logging for the past three winters on his own account. CLARK AND JACKSOV COUNTIES. 165 He li;is been Assessor of the town for tlie past six years; was a member of the T"wn Board one year, and lias l)euii a Clerk of the School District ever since hi- district was or- ganized. Religiously he is a member of the Liitlieran Chnrcli; socially, of tlio I. O. O. F. fraternity; and politically a Republican. ^-♦1-^^^— ■ ^LE PETEIiSON, of section 35, Warner Tovvnsliip, Clark County, was born in central Norway, July 14, 183G, the son of Peter Olson, deceased, a native of the same country. Olo Peterson came to the United States in 1873, settling in Greenwood, where he worked in the woods two years, and dur- ing that time worked on a farm in the sum- mers. He settled on his present farm of forty acres in 1875, and has since cleared the entire tract. He was married in Norway in 1863, to Ingebor Ingebreo-lit, and by this marriage were born four children, three of whom still sur- vive: Carl, Mary and Olive. Mary married Alex. Hendrickson, of this county; Olive married Iver Hembre, of Beaver Township. The mother died, and the father afterward married Marit Fladaas, who was born in Norway, and came to the United States in 1882. Mr. Peterson is a memlter of the Lutheran Church, and is a Republican politically. ?OHN DWYER, one of Clark County's substantial and reliable farmers, residing on section 31, York Township, was born near Northj)ort, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, September 21, 1855. He is a son of John H. and Catherine (Murray) Dwyer. The father was born in County Tipperarj, Ire- land, in 1821, and was brought to America by his parents during his infancy; they set- tled in Canada, and there he grew to man- hood ; when he first came to the United States he settled in Michigan, and there resided a number of years; in 1863 became to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, but a year later set- tled at what was then known as Weston's Rapids, Clark County; in two years we find him at Greenwood, Clark County, and soon afterwards on a farm in Grant Township, where he s|)ent the remainder of his days; his death occurred in 1882. He came to Wis- consin a poor man, and went through all the struggles and hardships of pioneer life, bear- ing his part courageously, and discharging his whole duty as a faithful citizen. When he first came to the county he traded a yoke of oxen for a tract of eighty acres of dense forest in Gi'ant Township, and this he con- verted into one of tlm most desirable farms in the county. He was a Roman Catholic in faith, but was not connected with tlie church. Politically he was a stanch Democrat. John Dwyer, the subject of this sketch, is one of a family of six children: Ann J., de- ceased, the wife of George Castner; Julia E., wife of F. O. Northrnp; Lucinda, wife of Williani M. Faming, a notice of whom will be found on another page of this volume; Alice, deceased, wife of Thomas Murray, and Franklin P. From his fourth year Mr. Dwyer was reared in Clark County, and received his edu- cation in the common schools. He settled on the farm where he now lives in 1884; the place consists of 160 acres, well improved, with excellent buildings. He also owns 160 acres on section 33, York Town- ship, and 160 acres in Grant Township; is also part owner of two saw-mills, one in York and one in the town of Weston; firm name is Dwyer Bros. & Farning. He is a self- 1()6 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF made man, liaviiig accumulated his property and attained his high standing in the com- munity through his own exertions and iiis integrity of character. roiitically he is allied with the Democratic party. In 1886 he was elected Sheriff of Clark County on his own ticket, although the county is strongly llepublican. He is a member of Lodge No. 163, A. F. and A. M., at Neillsville, Wisconsin, and of Lodge No. 198, L O. O. F.; also of lodge No. 39, K. of P., at Neillsviile. Mr. Dwyer was married July 4, 1883, to Miss Janie Parret, of Clark County, Wis- consin, a native of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, born in June, 1860. She is a daughter of John L. and Maria Parrett, natives of France and Ireland, respectively. Her father died a soldier in the civil war, and the mother still survives. Mr. and Mrs. Dwyer are the parents of two children: John M. and Jessie F. aWv^^OSES K. FULLER, a prosperous WWmf i'^'""^^'"' residing on section 26, Hix- ^fei^^ ton Township, Jackson County, Wis- consin, was born in the town of Jay, (Oxford County, Maine, August 17, 1840. His par- ents. Consider and Mary (Knox) Fuller, were also natives of Maine. The father was born April 28, 1808, and the mother April 26, 1816; both still survive, and live with our subject in Jackson County, Wisconsin. They emigrated to Illinois in the year 1844, and settled in Mercer County; there they re- mained until 1859, when they came to Jack- son County, Wisconsin, and settled where Sechlerville now stands; at the end of three years they removed to the farm now occupied by Moses K. Fuller. There were thirteen children in the family: Azubah, Caroline, Moses K., Amanda, Adelia A., Susana, Hiram, Almeda, Eleanora and Benjamin gi'ew to maturity. The father was married first to Miss Azubah Caswil, of Maine, by whom he had one child, Mary Jane. Moses K. grew to manhood on a farm in Illinois, and passed his youth in the occupa- tions incident to the clearing and cultivation of a wild tract of land. In was in 1860 that he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin. Four years later we find him enlisted as a private in Company I, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. He served until the declaration of peace as a soldier in the West- ern army under Cereral Sherman. He was in the battles of Resaca, Altoona Pass, Keii- esaw Mountain, Atlanta, Nashville and Franklin. He was never wounded or taken prisoner, but owing to exposure and privation he lost his health, and is now liberally pen- sioned by the Government. He was honor- ably discharged October 19, 1865, at Mobile, Alabama. He then returned to Jackson County, where he resumed the more peace- ful pursuit of agriculture. He owns 120 acres of land in Hixton Township, and by energy and good management he has placed eighty acres under good cultivation. The people of the township have testified to the confidence they have in Mr. Fuller by call- ing him to fill the various local offices; he has ever proved worthy of the trust reposed in him. Politically he is identified with the Republican party. He is a member of the P. C. Judkins Post, No* 87, at Alma Center, Wisconsin. Mr. Fuller was joined in marriage March 17, 1867, to Miss Elizabeth A. Brown, of Black River Falls, Wisconsin. Mrs. Fuller was born at Kalamazoo Michigan, December 8, 1848, and is a daughter of Elijah B. and Lucinda (OveracUer) f'rown. Eleven chil- dren are the truit of this union: Harris, Els- CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 1G7 wortli, Ruth, Ernest, Susan B., Consiiler, Elijah. Laura L. and Moses P.; Erne-it, Laura and tliree infants are deceased. Ruth mar- ried William Halt'urd, of Jackson County, Wisconsin. Mrs. Fuller passed from this life to her eternal rest October 7, 1890, deeply mourned hy her family and a large circle of acquaintances. fOIIN SYTII, of Elton Township, Clark County, was born in Middlesex County, Can ida, September 22, 1836, the son of John, deceased, and Keturali (fludgson) Syth, both natives of Hull, England, who came to Canada about the year 1835. They had six children, three of whom still sii'-vive: Thomas, Johti and James. The deceased — Robert, Jane and Elizabeth — all reached maturity. John Syth, our subject, learned the carpen- ter's trade when a young man, and has worked at it more or less ever since, having built most of the frame houses in his neifflibor- hood. lie came to the United States in 1871, an! the same year settled on his ])res- ent farm of 2-40 acres, sixty of which is cleared. It was then covered with heavy timber, and he had to clear a sufficient s])ace to build his cabin. He now hasa good frame dwellincr 18 x 26 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L 16 x 24 feet, one story. He has also two trood barns, one of which is 32 x 46 feet, with eighteen-feet posts, and tlie other 80 x 44, sixteenfeet posts, besides other buildings, sheds, etc. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, having a hig'i grade of Ilolstein cattle, pure Leicester- shire sheep and good horses. He has one imported horse, half Ilambletonian and half French. Mr. Syth was married, July 5, 1860, to Isabelle Kennedy, a daughter of George and Mary (Brow.i) Keiineily, b ith deceased. Tney had seven children: Grace, Mary, Mar- garet, Isabella, James, George and Sarah Elizaheth. Mr. and Mrs. Syth have had live children, three of whom are now living: John W., Robert H. and William A. Mr. Syth has Iteen Town Treasurer two years, Chair- man of the Boanl of Supervisors one year and J ustice of the Peace one term. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F., and religiously a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a steward several years, and is now superintendent of the Sunday- schot)l at McMahon's Corners. His two sons, John and Robert, are working on the railroad which is being built to Greenwood. Polit- ically Mr. Syth affiliates with the Prohibi- tionist party. i|«|TLLIAM H. HILTOX, a highly re- jjff/tvl'l spected meml)er of the farinincr i-^Jl^ community of Loyal Township, is the subject of the followitig biographical no- tice. He was born in Holton, Maine, Janu- ary 13, 1841, and is a son of Silas and PoUie (Ayer) Hilton, natives of Maine. They emi- grated to the West when Ohio was on the frontier, and settled in Defiance County; there they resided until 1865, when they de- cided to push on farther toA'ards the"s3ttino' sun." They located this time in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, where the father passed the remainder of his days; the mother still survives. Mr. Hilton was a stone and brick mason by trade, and followed this occupation the most of his life. He and his wife were honored members of the Cniversalist Church. They reared a family of four children: Henry M., John, William H. and Silas. William H. Hilton passed his early child- hood and youth in Defiance County, Ohio, 1G8 BTOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF wliere he receivt'd his education. At the age of sixteen years he started out in the world t'cir liimself, eoing to La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he at once engaged in tlie lumber busi- ness; since that time he has given the greater portion of his time and energies to this great industry. In 1873 he purchased a tract of eighty acres of tine farm land, fifty-three acres of which are cleared and under cultiva- tion. He has erected roomy and substantial buildings, and has made many modern im- provements. The place has an air of neat- ness and prosperity wliich index the character of the owner. Mr. Hilton is a member of the I. 0. O. F. Lodge, No. 181, at Greenwood, and of the G. A. R. Post at Loyal. In the beginning of the late war, August 8, 18G1, he enlisted as a private in Company A, First Battalion, Sixteenth United States Infantry, and served until June 13, 18G3, when lie was honorably discharged on account of disability, having received a gun-shot wound in the thigh at the battle of Stone River. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Stone River and Perryville. He escaped being taken prisoner, and was wounded but the one time. April 18, 1873, he was joined in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Mack, a native of the Do- minion of Canada, and a daughter of Erastus and Maria (Hughs) Mack. Three children have been born of this union: Mark R., Cul- len R. and William H., Jr. »^dlBENEZER BORDEN, now a resident of Clark County, first came to Wisconsin in the year 1849, and has during all the years since that time witnessed many wonder ful changes. He is a native of Addison County. Vermont, born November 20, 1827. His parents, Nathaniel and Susan (Rice) Borden, were natives of (/onnecticut and Massachusetts respectively, they were mai'- ried in Vermont and there lived and died. The father was a soldier in the war of 1812; for many years he was employed in the lum- ber regions of New England, and afterward took up farming; at one time he was engaged in the mercantile trade at Huntington, Ver- mont. The fatnily consisted of three chil- dren: Nathaniel, Ebenezer, of whom this notice is written, and Rachel. The second son was reared in Franklin and Chittenden counties, Vermont; he had the misfortune to lose his father when but six years old, so at this tender age he was thrown upon his own resources. Therefore his edu- cation was limited, but by the cultivation of a naturally keen observation he has acquired a fund of information that enables him to at- tend to his business with more than ordinary intelligence. As before stated, he came to Wisconsin in 1849; he spent a few months at Madison, and then went to the Wisconsin River and engaged in logging for a season; the two years following he was employed on a farm in Dodge County, Wisconsin, and at the end of that time he returned to Vermont; but two years later we find him in Dodo-e County, Wisconsin, again, where he remained two years; his next place of residence was in Jackson County, AVisconsin, wliere he was farming for a few years. In 1861 he removed to the place where he now makes his hoine; he bought 160 acres and has about sixty cleared and under cultivation. He has done all the improving himself, and all the sur- roundings bespeak his wise management and good judgment. In 1864, when there was still a call for men to go to the aid of the Union, Mr. Bor- den abandoned his pursuits at home, and en- listed as a private in Company I, Third Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, and served aiiout VLABK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 169 eleven montlis. At the close of the war lie was lionoraMy di.-;clmrgetl at Washinfrtoii, District of Coiuinbia. Politically he believes in the principles of tlie Republican party. Mr. Borden was uniteil in the holy bonds of wedlock, October 28, 1857, to Miss Cath- erine Haflock, of Jackson County, "Wisconsin. She was born in Canada, May 28, 1838, and is a daufjliter of William P>. and Anna (Steven- son) Hallock. Eleven children have been born of tin's union: William N., Wyatt B., Ruth A., Herbert G., Norman A., Marion L., Myra L., EdnaM., Watson J., deceased, Lill- ian D., deceaseil, and Elorence K. . .♦^u+^^i-?n5^.^ -M^ f't WOODS COLBURN is ranked among the pioneers of Lewis Township, Clark " County. Ue was born in Vermont, June 3, 1820, and received his early educa- tion in that State. When only si.x years old his fatlier died, and while quite young was tlirown upon his own resources. Mr. ColI)urn came to Clark County, Wis- consin, in 18G1, and engaged in saw-mill work for several years. He has cleared up many acres of wild land both for himself and for others, and by his well directed efforts and econoTuy has secured a competency. He has a nice farm located in section 1, Lewis Township, five miles from Neillsville, which is well improved. Mr. Colburn was married forty-three years ago, to Elizabetli Blaylock. Their four children have all received a good education. One is deceased. His ancestors and also those of his wife originally came from Scotland and Ireland. Mr. Colburn was School Clerk of the township three years, School Treasurer four years and T^vn Treas- urer for seven years. By all who know him he is regarded as a useful and upricjht citi- es I o zen. In speaking of his early experience. Mr. Colburn remarked that the first team he e\er owned was a pair of oxen that he bought on credit and paid for in full by hard work. -+.r'-^:- kORRIS S. MARKHAM, of section nv/tIR 17, Warner Townshi]i, Clark County, ^i^- was born near Troy, Pennsylvania,- December 18, 1823, the son of Curtis (de- ceased) and Sally Markham. The latter, a native of Oneida County, New York, woi-ked in a paper mill in that State when a girl. They were the parents of thirteen children, Morris and Curtis being the only two boys. After the father's death the mother married Orlando Seymour, and by this union there were eleven children, of whom several are UdW deceased. Mr. Markham returned with his mother and step-father to Wayne County, New York, when in his sixth year, and was brought up on a farm. He removed to La I'orte CiMinty, Indiana, in 1844, and in 1846 returned to New York, where he helped his father and mutlier to get ready to move to Indiana. lie next went to the vicinity of Cedar Falls, Iowa, in the autumn of 1857, and thence to Spirit Lake the next fall. When the great Indian massacre occurred there the next spring, he was out hunting his cattle, and when he returned nearly all the members of the nine families had been murdered and the others taken prisoners! He rettiriiod the next day to Mud Lake, which he reached after dark, and fearing the Indians were lurk- ing around he went back a few rods, duo- a hole in the snow, and staid there that nio-ht. The next morning he returned to the settle- ment, where he had found his oxen, and spread the news. He suffered from hunger, fatigue and sickness, and the settlers kept him over night, and the next morning they all left for Springfield, Minnesota, where tw'o 170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF settlers were then livincr. They met more men, and all went to the Irish colony, twenty- five miles distant, where they gathered to- gether to punish the Indians, but the adjoin- ing settlers would nut assist, and the project was abandoned, as the few willing trappers were too weak in numbers. This occurred near Springfield, Minnesota, and it was the settlers of that village who refused to assist, and did not believe Mr. Markham's story. A few days after reaching Springfield, a boy came in one evening and said he saw some- thing on the prairie near which made queer motions. Most of the men ran out, and a volley from the Indians in ambush killed the boy and wounded two or three others. The Indians then attempted to enter the house, but were repulsed. Shortly afterward a small boy again came from a neighboring settle ment and reported his parents and the family killed. The men and women wanted to leave this place, but no one would go out and yoke up the oxen but Mr. Markham, who loaded women, children and wounded men in the sleigh, and traveled until midnight, stopping on the prairie until morning, when they con- tinued to Mr. Granger's, a settlement near Mud Lake, arriving at 3 p. m. They remained until morning, when Mr. Granger added an- other team of oxen, sled and horse, provisions, etc., joined the party, and all started for Fort Dodge. About 10 o'clock they saw what they supposed to be about 1,000 Indians, about two miles ahead of them, who stopped and seemed to be parleying. The fleeing party stopped, and their captain, Bradshaw, attempted to run, but was stopped by Mr. Markham, who told him if he ran he would shoot him. The latter took his gun and started to see who they were, and upon meet- ing they were overjoyed to learn who they were: they were volunteers coming to the re- lief of the settlers. Mr. Markham went to F'ort Dodge, where the citizens donated him money and clothes for his bravery. He subsequently returned to Spirit Lake, made a settlement and re- mained until July, same year, when he sold his claim for $300, and went to Grundy County, Missouri. August 11, 1859, he married Minerva Wade, daughter of John Wade, deceased. During the war he removed to Indiana, and later he and others came to Wisconsin, where they hunted and trapped a short time. Mr. Markham then brought his family to Sauk County, this State, and to Clark County in 1866, which was then a dense woods. He killed many deer, and often hired Indians to tan the hides for him. Mr. and Mrs. Markham have had eight children, six of whom are now living, namely: Samuel, Julia, Amasa, John, Mary and Minnie. Julia married Emanuel Lewis, of Hemlock, this county, and they have one child, Mollie R. Mr. Markham was elected School Treasurer, and was Chairman of the Town Board a few years; politically he is a Republican. ~«-«»|*J»-tf*|^— <- A. NEFF, a farmer residing on section 1, Lewis Township, was born in Jeffer- ' son County, Wisconsin, June 18,1851, son of A. L. and Mary Neff. He was edu- cated in the district schools of Jefferson County, and at the early age of thirteen years begai to show a spirit of independence by working out on farms. At first he received only $8 per month, but his wages were gradually increased. In 1868 he came to Clark County, where he has since made his home. He has had many years of experience in the lumber camps, working for himself and others, and in that way accumulated a little start. In 1872 he bought his present farm in Lewis Township, which consists o CLARK AMD JACKSON COUNTIES. 171 160 acres. By tlie expenditure of much time and liard labor lie has cleared his land and has it under a fine state of cultivation. He is regarded as one of the enterprising citizens of the township; he is a Republican and takes an active part in politics. Mr. Neff was married, July 11, 1878, to Agni's Carter, wlio was horn in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, in 1853. She attended school in Minnesota, is well educated, and taught several terms before her marriage. She is a lady of much culture and retine- nieiit and is fond of reading. Three children have been born to them. Mr. Neff has been Town Treasurer two years, Sciiool Trustee for eight years, and Chairman one term. He is the present Constable of Lewis Township. (URTIS MARKIIAM, one of the pio- p. neers of section 20, Warner Township, was l)orn in Oneida County, New York, February 2, 1822, the son of Curtis Mark- iiani (deceased), a native of the same State. Tlie father died when Curtis was eightet^n monlhs[^old, and they, desiring to keep up the family name, changed his name from Amasa to Curtis. lie was then taken, at his father's dying re(iuest, by his grandfatlxM-, Samuel Markham, with whom he remained until thir- teen years old, or until the hitter's death. He ■\vas then thrown upon the cliarities of a cold world, and, seeing other children reveling in home luxury, with a father and mother to look after their wants, he became heartsick, and once wejit bitterly at his lonely condition. His mother had married again, and removed to Pennsylvania. Mr. Markham had but one brother, Morris, by his mother's first mar- riage. The former came to Thornton, Illi- nois, in 1850, and in a few weeks removed to Porter County, Indiana, where he livod until March, 1868. lie then came to this county and in 1869 settled on his present place of eighty acres, forty-two of which is cleared. He was married in Wayne County, New York, June 1, 1845, to Sarah Mitchell, born in Perrington, New York, November 19, 1823, the daughter of Edward Mitchell, de- ceased. Of their eight children, only two are now living: Amasa C. and Harriet A. The latter married William Langley, of Lake County, Indiana, and has five children, namely: Alice M., Eleanora F., Georgia A., Harrison B. and Mattie. Mr. Markham's eldest daughter, now deceased, married George Morris, who subsequently died, leaving two children: Bessie A. and Haven P. She was again married, to William Mc- Mullen, and they had two children, onlv one of whom is still living, George W. Mr. Markham lost another grown daughter, Ju- lia P., who died at tlie age of twenty-one years. His granddaughter, Bessie A. Morse, married Arthur Sischo, of this town. Mr. Markham was a soldier in the late war, in Company A, Thirty-fifth Regiment Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, serving nearly a year. He was assigned to tlie Pontoon Bridge Brigade, but was taken sick and lay several weeks in the hospital. He was then detailed as a nurse, and served until the close of the war. He was disabled in the army, and will soon draw a pension. He is a Re- publican politically and a member "f the G. A. R. Post, and also of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. (i< ^ - ^ -•o*~.|.^.-.i"+-4 -.— . +H^ K,*- '.)■•>■;»; UGUSTA RAETHER, widow of Au- gust Raether, was born in Prussia in 1828. She was married to Mr. Raether in 1847. and came to America in 1850, land- ing in IMilwaukee the same year. Her hus- 173 BIOORAPHTGAL BISTORT OF band learned the tailor's trade in the old country and was a hard-working man all his life. After coming to the United States he followed his trade in Milwaukee for a num- ber of years. Mrs. Raether became fiuniliar with that ti-ade and rendered efficient service to her liusband. Ten cliildren were born to them, all of whom have received a fair edu- cation in the district schools and in the Milwaukee graded schools. Mr. and Mrs. Kaether moved to Waukesha, County, Wis- consin, in 1861, where tliey engaged in farm- ing. In 1878 they came to Clark County and bought 180 acres of land in section 2, Lewis Township, about forty acres of which they have cleared. Mrs. Raether was an in- valid for some five years and passed through many hardsliips, but by industry and econ- omy she and her husband laid the foundation of a nice little fortune. Mr. Raether re- ceived a stroke of paralysis, was entirely helpless for a long time and finally died in 1889. She and her son and a single daugh- ter reside on the farm. Mrs. Raether is a most estimable lady and is esteemed by all who know hei'. IS^NUD ANDERSON, Je., of section 15, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Telleraarkn County, South- eastern Norway, November 20, 1828, the son of Adney Anderson, deceased. The father brought his family to the United States in 1843, settling in Norway Township, Racine County, Wisconsin, where he died in 1845. The family then came to Jackson County, in 1854, settling in Springfield Township, where the mother died in 1878. Tliey had seven children, all now living, namely: Knud, Sr., Gunder, Ole, Mary, Knud, Jr., Margaret and Sarah. While in Jackson County, Knud Anderson, Jr., first worked at carpentering, and then at farming. In 1869 he removed to La Crosse, where he kept a tavern one year, and in 1870 came to this county and took up a homestead on section 18, township 27, range 1 east, where he lived five years. He next lived on Giles Creek four years, after which he worked in Tom Miller's mill. He came to his pres- ent place, Hemlock, in 1879, where he has been night watchman on the fiood dam, and also ran the plane in tiie Hemlock Mills. He now has charge of the Hemlock flood dam for the Black River Improvement Com- pany. Mr. Anderson has also been engaged some at carpentering in this county. He was married in June, 1859, to Thea Burch, who was born near Christiania, Nor- way, the daughter of Torger Burch, deceased. They have had fifteen children, twelve of whom are still living, namely: Clara T., Adolph, Augusta, Laura, Millie, Nellie, Fer- nando, Geoi-giana, Birdie, W. Lee, Sadie and Frankie. Clara married James Rowe, of Calumet, Michigan, and has one child, Win- nifred P. Adolph, a merchant at Greenwood, married Mary Francis, and has one child, George. Augusta married Albert Huggett, of Melrose, Jackson County, and has one child also, — Ralph. Mr. Anderson is a Re- publican politically. ^USTACE L. BROCKWAY, a promi- nent pioneer lumberman of Brockway Township, Jackson County, was born in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1826, the son of James M. Brockway, who was born in Greenbush, New York, July 15, 1797. In 1816 the latter went to Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming until 1822, when he went into the mill busi- CLAliK AJUD JACKtiON COUNTIES. 173 ness. Ill 1836 he sold the mill, and in 1842 went to Muscatine County, luwa, wliere lie was engaged in farming until his death, which occnrred in liis seventy-fifth year. During his later life he was a Republican, and held several ofKces. lie was a ineniber of the Methodist Church. Our subject's mother, Lydia (Goff) Brockway, was born near Ogdeiisburg, New York, in 1804, and died ill Muscatine County, Iowa, at the age of forty-nine. She was a daughter of Will- iam P. Goff, a native of New York, and a fanner and surveyor by occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Brockway had eight children, namely: Elmira, Eustace L., Adis E., Emmett, Albert J., Edwin, Albina M. and George. The last two are deceased. The subject of this sketch, the second child, was reared and educated in .Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. In 1843 he engaged ill bridge-building and carjientcr work in different parts of Iowa. In 1845 he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin Territory, then called Crawford County, and engaged in the lumber business; in lS47-'48 he cut timber for a saw-mill; and in May, 1850, built an addition and put in the first circular saw-mill on the Mississippi above Rock Island, Illi- nois. He has resided in the town of Albion (now Brockway) since 1845, — forty-six years. As an interesting reminiscence wo may re- late that Mr. Brockway in 180(5, late in the fall, went down tiie Mississippi, with two tieets of sawed lumber, but failed to sell it until all tlie steamboats iiad made tlieir last trips. lie purchased a sterii-weeler named the Skipper, of 150 tons' burden, at $3,000, loaded it with his crew of sixty men and winter's supplies and started up tlu^ river, but was compelled to stop at Muscatine, Decem- ber 8, on account of floating ice and winter storms. Shipping his men and a portion of the winter's supplies by rail by way of Chi- cago and Milwaukee to the terminus of tlie road, he came directly home by team, at an expense of $15. He owned and ran his steamboat on the Mississippi, Des Moines, Chippewa and St. Croix rivers until the autumn of 1868, when it sank in the Chippewa River. Diirinc the ensuing winter he built the steamer Chip- pewa Valley, at Eau Claire, in company with Captain George A. Buttington, — a boat of 185 tons, — and retained an interest in it wliile it was run, on the Mississippi and its northern tributaries, until the second year of the war, when he sold his interest in it. It was taken South and soon afterward sunk in the Arkan- sas River above Little Rock. Since his resi- dence in Jackson County Mr Brockway has also built and owned four different saw-mills in this part of Wisconsin. In 1871-'72 he was one of the Representa- tives in the Legislature from his district, then Jackson and Clark counties. lie is now holding the office of County Surveyor. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Brockway was married, October 18, 184y, to Miss Sarah A. Riggs, who was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, January 28, 1832, the daughter of David and Katherine (Hen- dricks) Riggs, the former a native of JSJew York, and the latter of Pennsylvania, but both emigrated to Ohio in early life. Tlie father was a farmer by occupation, and held several township offices. Mr. and Mrs. Brock- way have had seven children, viz.: Melvin P., Ada M., Mary E., Albert M., La Fayette J., Fred R. and Judsoii W., all of whom aro liviiio;. The history of the Brockway family is as follows: III the early days in the history of the country seven brothers by the name of Brockway settled in Ccnnecticut. They came from England, and it is thought that most of the men now in the countiy by that name 174 BIOORAPHICAL BISTORT OF are descendants of these. Our subject's grandmother Brockway was a direct descend- ant of Captain Miles Staiidish, who came over on the Mayflower in 1620. The lineal descent of his mother's father, William Pot- ter Goff, was a general in the English army under Oliver Cromwell, and was one of the judges wlio, appointed by Parliament for tliat purpose in 1649, tried, convicted and sentenced to execution Kinp; Charles I, for tyranny and treason. GofF fled from Eng- land to this country in 16G0, to escape the fate of the beheaded king, at the hands of Charles II, who had just gained accession to the throne. Here he had to remain in con- cealment for several years. A peculiar co- incidence in tiie Brockway family is the fact tiiat E. L. Brockway has five boys and two girls, and lie is himself one of a family of live l)oys and two girls, as was also his father. Mr. Brockway, our subject, is one of the very early settlers here, and was at one time quite wealthy. He is now a very popular man in the county. — —— ' a, ' S"; ' ^ '« - ~< — ;lv^p|fILLIAM DOUSE, who resides on a %\l'}\ja ^^'"'^ i° section 21, Grant Township, [•"sjl^ was born in Winslow, Maine, June 16, 1837. He received a fair education in his native State, and came West in 1861. He was married in Salem, Massachusetts, to an Irish lady. Miss Ann Dulfa, by whom he has one child, Nellie M., who has been liber- ally educated in the district schools, and is ujarried to Mr. W. W. Paae. Mr. Douse has been a hard-workins man all his life. He was engaged in farming prior to his enlistment in the army, and after his return he continued that occupation, which he has since followed. During the war he served in Company A, Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry; was in the battle of Kingston and in the campaign through North Carolina and Virginia. He was lion- orably discharged in 1865. Mr. Douse aflili- ates with the Republican party. IIARLES C. MILES is one of the in- dustrious and progressive farmers of Sherman Township, and ranks among the most reliable men of the community. He was born in Dane County, Wisconsin, June 23, 1847, and is a sou of Samuel J. and Sarah (Burch) Miles, natives of Penn- sylvania and New York respectively. The parents were united in marriage in the State of Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Dane County, Wisconsin, in the year 1846, where they still reside. They have lived to see great changes in the country, and are de- serving of all the praise due the pioneers of any section of the land. It is indeed no small undertaking to convert a dense forest into a highly cultivated farm, and those early settlers were brave and determined souls, else civilization would never have at- tained the high state wluch it has reached. Samuel J. Miles is identified with the Demo- cratic party, and is a citizen of sterling merit. Charles C. is the fourth child of the latter, and grew to manhood on a farm in his native county. He received his education in the common schools, and was trained to the best methods of agriculture. He remained with his father, assisting him with his work, until he was twenty-one years of age. In February, 1864, he responded to the call for men to come to the defense of this beloved country of ours, enlisting as a private in Company E, Eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and serving until September 5, CLARK AND JACKSON COL' J^ TIES. 175 1865. He was honorably discharged at Deiiiopolis, Alaljama, when lie returned to the more peaceful pursuit of agriculture. While in the service he was twice wounded. It was not until the year 1869 that Mr. Miles removed to Clark County. He home- steaded 120 acres on section 26, Sherman Township, and now owns 160 acres, thirty of which are cleared and under cultivation. Althonsrh he began life for himself without capital, he has accumulated a good property. During the summer season he runs a steam thresher, and finds it a jirofitable occupation. In the winter time he devotes his time to logging. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party, and fraternally with the I. O. O. F. Mr. Miles was joined in wedlock May 1, 1872, to Miss Gertrude Leatherdale, of Clark County, Wisconsin. Mrs. Miles was born in Adams County, Wisconsin, July 4, 1855, and is a daughter of Luke and Frances (Allerton) Leatherdale. Four children have been born of this Union: Herald C, Mabel G., Kay C. and Frances G. jANIEL SPENCER, superintendent of the D. J. Spauldiiig farm, section 22, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Martinsburg, Lewis County, New York, January 16, 1841, the son of Alvin and Barbara (Yousey) Spencer; the former was also born in Martinsburg, June 28, 1816, and the latter in Germany, August 15, 1820, but came to the United States when eighteen years of age. They were the parents of nine children, all of whom are now living, namely: Daniel, Lewis, Thomas, Henry, Lucetta, Etta, Charles M., Levina and Alvin. All are mar- ried and have families. The parents cele- brated their golden wedding May 3, 1890. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life and educated in the common- schools. He was a soldier in the late war in Company H, Thirteenth New York Heavy Artillery. He enlisted December 28, 1863, and was discharged in August 1865. He as- sisted in the capture of Petersburg and Rich- mond, and his battalion was the last to leave after the taking of the latter city. After the war Mr. Spencer continued farming until 1868, when he came to Jackson County, Wis- consin, settling in Garden Valley, and in the fall of 1869 he entered the employ of Mer- rill & Ice, and ran their farm in the town of Hixton for eight years. He then went to Black River Falls and farmed it until the fall of 1885, when he sold out and came to his present place, in March, 1887. Besides his general farming and stock raising, he was foreman in the pineries two winters, one for Merrill & Ice and one for Spaulding. Mr. Spencer was married November 7, 1865, to Mary A. Searls, who was born in Lewis County, New York, August 12, 1844, the daughter of Clark Searles, deceased. Of their five children, four are now living: Julia E., Lizzie A., Major V. and Ethel M. Julia married Hans Syverson, of Nelson County, North Dakota, and has two children: May and Guy. Mrs Spencer was killed by light- ning at Black River Falls, August 11, 1882, during an electric storm, and her eldest son, Clark W., died May 30, same year, of scirlet fever, at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Spencer was again married, March 9, 1884, to Mrs. Maria Overturf, the widow of Thomas H. Overturf, and daughter of Charles Owens, deceased. Mr. Overturf was a native of Illi. nois, served in the Union army in an Illinois regiment, and ilied from the etlects of a shell wound September 6, 1877, in the Soldiers' Home at Washington, District of Columbia. Mrs. Spencer was born in Potter ('ounty. 176 BIOORAPHWAL HISTORY OF Pennsylvania, October 1, 1851. She had four children by her first husband, three of whom still survive: Delia M., George H. and Emma B. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have one child — Bessie. Mr. Spencer is a meml)er of the G. A. R. and I. O. O. F. fraternities, and also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Greenwood. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. lie had two brothers in the late war: Thomas was in the Fifth New York Heavy Artillery, and Heury was in the same company with Mr. Spencer. ,LVA B. MARSH, secretary and man- -.^ \K iig^'" ^^ ^'^^ ^'''" "^ ^^® Neillsville Milling Company, was born in Clark county, December 8, 1850, the son of Nel- son and Rocelia (Taylor) Marsh, natives of Tennessee, who came to this county in 1856. The father is an extensive farmer in Grant Township, and is also engaged in the mer- cantile business; he is also Postmaster and one of the early settlers of the county. When he settled here there was only one settler within two miles, and only two or three houses in Neillsville. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace for many years, and was also chairman of the Board of Super- visors. Mr. Marsh is one of the wealthy men of the county, and takes an active in- terest in politics. He has a family of si.x children living, viz.: Joseph, who is engajred in the lumber business in Spokeville: is Postmaster at that place, and has held the position of chairman of the County Board of Supervisors; Lewis, Malvina, Sylvester, Alva B. and Spencer M., all having received a line education. Spencer M. is now an attorney at law. Our subject remained at home until twenty years of age, assisting on the farm and attending the district schools. He tlieJi entered the Northwestern Business College at Madison, and graduated at that institution in 1882. He afterward engaged in clerking at Maple Works for three years. In 1886 he came to Neillsville and engaged as book- keeper for W. S. Col burn & Co., with whom he remained over two years, after which he rented the same for two years. He em- ployed eight men, and made some money, but since that time the mill has been run by a stock company, and Mr. Marsh has held the position of secretary and manager. He has held the office of Supervisor of the First Ward for the past three years, and is also secretary of the Masonic Lodge, No. 163, of Neillsville. Mr. Marsh was married in 1886 to Miss Mamie Mclntyre, of Neillsville, and the d lughter of Ira and Mary Mclntyre. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh have two children — Clara B. and Fay. Mr. Marsh has built a fine home on Ninth street, where he now resides. He is a strong Repul)lican politically, socially a Mason, and a prominent man both of the city and county. ^,. ? . ; ,, t ^^..,.> ^MANUEL J. LEWIS, a lumberman of Hemlock, was born in Uniontown, Alabama, May 10, 1861, the son of Rev. George (deceased) and Patsy (B urges) Lewis. The father was a native of Rich- mond, Virginia, and was for twenty years a minister of the gosjjel in the Methodist Epis- copal Church in Alabama. The parents had ten children, viz.: Henry, Lucy, Matliew, Samuel, Eiranuel, Dovle, Manasses, Georgia, Fleming and Rebecca. Emanuel J., the subject of this sketch, came to Lewis Valley, Wi&consin, near La Crosse, with a Mr. Broadbent, when in his ^, ■f/^ A>a CLARA' A.yi) JAUKSON COUNTIES. 177 sixth year. He soon afterward went to live with Colonel A. Wood, of that locality, and remained with him over twenty years, having been engaged in teaming mostly. He began working in the pineries eight years ago, and now takes contracts in taking logs to the river for other parties. Mr. Lewis was mar- ried May 8, 1889, to Julia Markham, who was horn in Sauk County, Wisconsin, Angust 9, 18(J5, tiie daughter of Morris Markham, whose biography appears in this work. They liave one ciiild, Moilie Reed, born July 30, 1890. Both Mr. and Mrs. Lewis are members of the Presbyterian Church. ^ARK DOUGLAS, a farmer, lumber- man and mill owner of Jackson County, was born in DumtVieshire, Scotland, September 19, 1829, the son of Thomas Douglas, who was born in the same place in 1787. In 1845 he came to this cuuntry from Scotland by way of Liverpool and New Orleans, thence to La Crosse l)y steamboat, and then to the home of his sons, Robert and Thomas, in Melrose, where he lived until a sliort time before his death, when he went and lived with his daughter, Mrs. James O'Neill, of Neilsville, Clark County. Our sul)ject's mother, nee Jane Dalryple, was born in Scotland in 1787, where she died at an advanced age. They were tiie parents of eleven children, namely: John, James, William, Jane, Robert, Hugh, Thomas, Isabella, George, David and Mark. Four of these children are now living: Will- iam, Robert, Hugh and Mark. Our subject, the eleventh child, was reared and educated in Scotland. In June, 1845, he came to Melrose, which was at that time in Crawford County, Wisconsin. He went to work for his brothers, Robert and Thomas, 13 who were the first of the family to come to this county, remaining until the spring of 1849. In that year he went to Dane County, where he worked on a farm for his Ijrother William until 1851. Before going to that county he had taken a claim of 400 acres at Melrose, and in the spring of 1852 he went to work on tiiis land. In 1853-'54 he held the ufhce of Town Treasurer of Melrose, and in 1855 was elected Chairman of the town, which position he held for twenty-si.\ years. He was Postmaster here for nine years, and at that time the place was called Bristol, but he finally succeeded in having it called by its present name. In tlie fall of 1873 Mr. Douglas was elected to the Assembly, and in 1875 was elected to the State Senate, which position he held two years. In 1878 he was nominated by the Governor to the office of Fish Commissioner of the State of Wiscon- sin, which position he still holds. In July, 1876, he bought the Melrose Flouring Mills, which he still owns, and is also the owner of a very tine farm of 400 acres, the greater part of which is in section 8, where he now resides. He also owns village property in this city, and 4,000 acres of land in Chippe- wa County, and 2,500 acres in Clark County. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party, and is also a thirty- second degree Mason. Mr. Douglas was married September 12, 1852, to Justina C. Merrill, who was born in Penobscot County, Maine, May 15, 1830, the daughter of Humphrey and Esther (Ham- mond) Merrill, both natives of Maine. In 1858 the parents came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in Alma Center, where the father died at about seventy-live years of age. In early life Mr. Merrill was a sailor, but in later life followed tanning. Politi- cally he was a Republican. Mrs. Merrill died in Ili.Kton, at about eighty years of age. 178 BIOGRAPniCAL BISTORT OF Tliey were both members of the Baptist Church, and Mrs. Douglas is a member of the Metliodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas have had no children of their own, but have an adopted daughter, Maud B. Douglas, nove Mrs. E. A. Gaylord, of Melrose. I^ERMAN H. PRAY, of Jackson County, Wisconsin, was born in the State of New York, March 8, 1835, the son of William H. Pray, a native of the same State. In 1837 the father went to Kalamazoo County, Michigan, where he died at the age of sixty-nine years. He was a pumpmaker by trade and a Democrat politically. His father was also born in New York, where he spent his entire life. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Our subject's mother, Adeline (Austin) Pray, was born in New York and died in Michigan, at the age of thirty-five years. The parents had nine chil- dren, namely: William, Julia, Adeline, Horace, Mary, Louise, Benjaniin, Herman H. and Emily. Of these three are now liv- ing: Adeline, Mary and Herman H. Herman H., their eighth child, was reared and educated in Kalamazoo County, Michi- gan, where he also followed various pursuits. Aui^ust 15, 1850, he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he remained but a short time, and then went to Manchester, where he was foreman in a saw-mill until 1856. In that year he went to St. Paul, from there on a raft to St. Louis, and in the fall of the same year returned to Jackson County, settling in Albion Township. He was engaged in a saw-mill until 1876, wiien he bought a mill of his own, in Fremont, Jackson County, and operated it until 1881, when he had the mis- fortune to be burned out, causing a loss of $10,000. He never rebuilt the mill, and in the spring of 1882 Ijouglit 160 acres of land on section 18, Albion Township, where he now resides and carries on general farming. In 1877 he was appointed Postmaster there, the office being named after him, and he held the position four years. Mr. Pray has risen to his present position by his own efforts, being now well off financially. Politically he is a Democrat. He was married December 13, 1857, to Anna J. King, who was born August 17, 1837, in the State of New Jersey, a daughter of John and Mary (Wilson) King, natives also of New Jersey. Li the spring of 1856 the parents came to Jackson County, Wis- consin, where they died at an advanced ao-e. The father was a miller by trade, and politi- cally a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Pray have had four children: Laura, John K., Alice A., Berdine. All are living except Laura, who died when a small child. fOHN ZIGLINSKE, one of the tiirifty farmers of Clark County, resides on sec- tion 28, Grant Township. He was born in Germany, October 30, 1845, and was married in his native country in 1873. In 1875, with his wife and two children, he came to America and located in Clark Coun- ty, Wisconsin. Their children are now be- ing educated in the district schools of this place. Mr. Ziglinske brought with him to the United States $200 that by hard work he had earned in the old country. He bouorht a farm of 120 acres which was a perfect wild- erness. By much toil he has cleared forty acres of this. At that time there were no roads near his place, and the new settlers had many obstacles to meet and overcome before the country was cleared up. Mr. Ziglinske CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES 17!) spent a short time in Minnesota. Not being tavoralily impressed witli tliat State, however, he returned to Clark County, Wisconsin, the same year. That was when he first caine to America. His farm is well stocked with cattle and horses, and he is regarded as one of the prosperous farmers of the neighbor- hood. His political views arc in accordance with Democratic principles. jLKRED DINGLEY, a contractor and !)uilder, and also proprietor of a steam saw-mill at (Trcenwood, was born in Kennebec County, Maine, May 2, 1843, the son of Joseph A. and Mary J. (VVyman) Dinjjley, both natives of Maine; the former died in that State in 1887, and the latter in 1889. They were tlie parents of nine chil- dren, five of wliom still survive, namely: Alfred, George, Eunice, Charles and Carrie. The children all live in Maine e.xcept Eunice, who resides in Bedford, Quebec. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and received his education in the com- mon schools. lie came to La Crosse, this county, in 1862, and engaged in freighting from the latter city to Neillsville, Sparta and Stattbrdsville until 1868, when he went to Port Huron, Michigan. While there he learned the ship-carpenter's trade, wliich he followed during the winters for sixteen years, and worked at carpentering during the sum- mers at Port Huron and Sarnia, Canada. In 1881 he returned to this connty, locating in Greenwood, where he has since been engaged in his j)resent business. Mr. Dingley was married October 16, 1870, to Mary A. Foster, who was born near Hull, Canada, October 2i), 1854, the daughter of John and Mary A. («<»« Gill), both deceased. Mr. Dingley was a meml)er of the Town Board two years; socially he is a memb(>r of the Masonic fraternity, and politically, a Pro- liibitionist. tB. RING is editor and two-thirds owner of the Neillsville Tiiiwis, an ably and ' successfully conducted sheet published by the Times Publishing Company. He is a native of Rock Connty, Wisconsin, and for many years resided with his parents at Sparta, Wisconsin. He learned the printer's ti-ade in the oHice of the Sparta Emjle, and engaged in the business until May, 1875, when he re- ceived a Government appointment at Shang- hai, China. In making the journey to the scenes of his future work, he crossed the con- tinent to the Pacific coast, and sailed from the port of San Francisco to the " Flowery Kingdom" by way of Japan. He remained in the Orient until 1877, when he returned to the United States; he came by way of the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, France, England and the Atlantic, thus mak- ing a complete circuit of the globe. It was an e.xceedingly interesting and valuable ex- perience, in which he won much information. He tonched nearly all the principal seaports en route, and lingered many months at places of interest which he visited. On his return to this country Mr. Rinf was emjiloyed for some time on the La Crosse RepuhUcan and Lender; the winter of 1878- '79 was passed in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, as witness in the Sew- ard investigation. In March, 1879, after an extensive journey throngh the South, he came to Neillsville, and in July of the same year he established the True Repuhlican, which he owned and edited until Decemi)er, 1888; at that time this paper and the 7"/ //u',? consolida- ted, Mr. Ring retiring. After the consolida- 180 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF tion it was known as The Neillsville Times, and in March, 1889, Mr. King bonglit an in- terest in the business, and has ever since been the editor. The Times is a Repnbliciin publication, and adheres stanchly to the principles of tlie party. Our esteemed subject was married to Miss Frances Langford, of Madison, Wisconsin, an accomplished teacher, in 1886. -^— |-><->f— fOlIN J. SLOSSER, a successful farmer of Jackson County, was born in Dutch- ess County, New York. May 19, 1849, the son of Arnold B. Siosser, a nntive also of New York. In 18G0 the father, of German descent, came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he died at the age of eighty-two years. In early years he was a ship carpenter, hut later in life followed farming. Politically he was a Republican, (^ur subject's mother, nee Katherine Udell, was born in New York, and lived to tiie age of seventy-seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Siosser had eight children, only two of whom survive: Emma J. and John J. The latter, their eighth child, was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools of Jackson County. He now owns and occupies 240 acres of land in section 23, Albion Township, which he in- herited from his parents. He carries on general farming, and later intends to give special attention to the raising of blooded stock. Politically he is a Republican, and has held several minor offices. He was mar- ried November 11, 1878, to Harriet E. Har- mer, who was born in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, May 30, 1850, the daughter of William and Lizzie (Relf) Ilarmer, who came from England to this country in an early day. Mr. and Mrs. Siosser have had four children, all of whom are living, viz.: May L., Harry A., George B. and Archie J. fHEODORE E. MEINHOLD, of sec tion 8, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Saxony, Germany, August 24, 1860, the son of Gottlieb and Wiliielmina (Nuendorf) Meinhold, both also natives of Saxony. Tiie parents came to the United States in 1869, settling in Sheboygan Coun- ty, Wisconsin, where they lived until 1879, and in thatyearcirae to tliis county and settled on our subject's bind. Th ay had ten children, five of whom still survive, namely: Theodore, Minnie, Liua, Emma and Gustav. Minnie niarried Frank Hornei', of this county, and they have three children: Charles, Lina and Edward. Lina married Henry Thielen, also of this county, and they iiave two children: Oscar and an infant boy. Mr. Meiiihold, our subject, owns eighty acres of good land, twenty-live of which is cleared. He has worked iti the pineries during the winters, drove logs in the spring, and farmed in the summers. He was induced to accept the office of Clerk of the School Board. He is a member of the German Ret'ormed Church. (u « • (*? fllOMAS R. VINE, of section 25, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Buffalo, New York, June 17, 1846, the son of Thomas Vine, deceased, a native of Eno-land, but who came to the United States when a young man. Thomas R., our subject, spent the first sixteen years of his life in Buffalo, where he attended the city schools. In 1862 he came to this county, and in the spring of 1863 enlisted in the CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 181 TTiiioii army fit Neillsville, in Coinpany I, Fourteentli Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. He served over two yenrs, and participated in the battles of Sliiioli, Vici Charles and Emma. One daughter, Annie, died on shipboard when the family were on their way to the United States. They landed in this country in 1854, and first settled in Sheboygan County, which was then a dense woods. Indians and wild animals were nu- merous, and the father secured nearly all his meat by hunting. CLARK AND JAOKSON COUNTIES. 183 Frederick A., our subject, was reared on a farm and educated in tlie comition schools of Sheboygan County. At the age of fifteen years he learned the miller's trade, wliicli he followed several years around Sheboygan and Milwaukee, and also in Chicago four years. He went to the latter city about three weeks before the fire of 1871, but in 1874 returned to Sheboygan County, where he was subse- quently married. Mr. Liniprecht (armed on the homestead four years, and in the spring of 1879 came to Hemlock, where he built a large flouring-mill in company witli N. il. Withee, and also built the first dwelling- house in this city, where he has ever since resided. After five years he sold his interest in the Hemlock mills, and has since been en- gaged in farming and various other employ- ments. He owns 120 acres of land on the west side of the river, on sections 9 and 4, township 27, range 2 west, of which eighteen acres is cleared. He also owns a fine frame dwelling in Hemlock. Mr. Limprecht was married September 26, 1874, to Sedonie Seitel, a daughter of Gottleib Seitel, deceased. They have had five chil- dren, four of whom are still living: Annie, Charlie, Toney and William. One son, Her- man, died at the age of four years and three days. Mr. Limprecht is a member of the A. O. U. VV., and also of the German Reformed Church. ^ENRY W. DECKER, of section 29, AVarner Township (27), range 2 west, Clark County, was l)orn in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, February 18, 18G4. His mother died when he was three days old, after which he was taken care of by neigh- bors. He came with his father to this county in 1871, where he has since resided on his present farm of eighty acres, tiiirty of which is cleared. This place is well improved, and of very good soil. He has also worked in the ])ineries during the winters, and at the carpenter's trade in the summers. He rents his farm to tenants. Mr. Decker is an enter- prising and public-spirited young man, and has fair prospects for future prosperity. Ho is a member of the German Reformed Church. Frederick Decker, deceased, father of the above, and late of section 28, Warner Town- sliij) (27), Clark County, was born in Lippe- Detmold, Prussia, in 1828. He came to the United States in 1854, settling near Franklin, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, where he cleared a farm. In 1871 he came to this county and settled on the old homestead, where he died May 8, 1889. He was mar- ried to Minnie Teace, and they had three children — Fred, August and Henry. The mother died February 21, 1864, and Mr. Deck r was again married, March 12, 18G8, to Mary Meier, who was born in the Province of Brandenburg, Prussia, December 6, 1837, the daughter of Michael Meier, deceased. They had six children: Herman, Otto, Ber- tha, Ferdinand, Louise and Emelia, all of whom are at home. Mr. Decker was a hard- workitig man, having cleared a fai-m of 200 acres, which has since been tlivided, and a part is now owned by our subject, Henry W. He was a member of the German Reformed Church, and never (rave much attention to politics. ffcOBERT W. CANFIELD, a farmer and bridge contractor of Clark County, Wis- consin, was born in Wellsvllle, New York, September 4, 1853. His parents, Leonard and Uelilah Canfield, were also na- 184 BIOGRAPniGAL IT f STORY OF tives of that State. His father died tiiere in 1878, and his mother still makes her home in New York. Robert received his education in "Wells ville, and held a certiticate to teach, though he never followed that profession. At the a^e of seventeen he began to work for himself, receiving $11 per montii, and the lirst year he saved $90. For about two years he worked in Pennsylvania, and followed teain- ino- for a time. For a while he was employed as a clerk in a store at Wellsville, New York, where he acquired a knowledge of mercantile business. In 1876 Mr. Canfield located in Wiscon- sin, at Neillsville, and for three winters worked in the woods. He also learned the carpenter's trade after coming to this State. After working at it a short time he turned his attention to contracting for bridge work, and has been very successful in his under- takino-s. By economy and good management he saved up $1,000 before he was married. The date of his marriage was September 7, 1879, and the lady of his choice Ida Preshure. Her father was one of the tirst settlers of Wisconsin. Mr. Canlield moved to his pres- ent location in 1880. He owns some 350 acres of good land, partly on section 1, Levis Township, which is well improved. He has been School Clerk for four years, Chairman of the Town Board seven years. Mr. Can- field is a believer in a tariff for revenue only; is a Democrat, and the nominee of that party for Clerk at the last election. SfcilLEY J. HORR, a prosperous farmer ^ on section 5, Unity Township, was born in Lorraine, Jefferson County, New York, October 6, 1832. His parents, War- ren and Lovisa (Still man) Horr, were born in the same county, and were reared and mar- ried there. The paternal grandparents were Israel and Joanna (Haskins) Horr, natives of the State of New York. The maternal grand- parents were Benjamin and PoUie (Maxon) Stillman, early settlers of New York, but natives of New England. Warren Horr re- moved with his family to Wisconsin in 1868, and settled in Adams County, where he still resides, at the advanced age of eighty-three years; his wife \t aged seventy-six years. He has bi en a carpenter by trade, but a farmer by occupation, and has accumulated some property. Three sons and one daughter were born to this worthy couple: Riley J., Amanda, the wife of Hiram Brigani; Austin W. and Leonard. Riley J , the eldest child, was reared to farm life in the counties of Jefferson and Lewis, New York. He lived in the former county until 1869, when he removed to Ad- ams County, Wisconsin, and in 1872 he came to Clark County, Wisconsin; he purchased land in Green Grove Township and in 1877 located on his present farm; he owns 177^^ acres, 100 of which he has reclaimed from the wild state of nature and placed under cultivation. He also owns 120 acres in Beaver Township, section 1. In addition to his agricultural interests he has been largely engaged in the lumber business; he has op- erated a mill for a good many years, and has done a considerable amount of logging. Politically he affiliates with the Republi- can party. He has represented the people of his township in many of the public offices, but takes no active interest in the move- ments of his party. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a member of Company E, Tenth New York Heavy Artillery, and served until the close of the war. He was with the army of the Potomac until the declaration of peace, when he was mustered out of the service at Petersburg, Virginia. He was honorably CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 185 discharged at Sackett's Harbor, New York, June 30, 1865. lie was in Virginia the greater portion of tlie time, and was gar- risoned in New York harbor for nearly a year. Mr. Ilorr was united in marriage Marcli 14, 1855, to Miss Louisa L. Ives, wlio was born in Waterlown, New York, Jannarj' 21. 1831-. Her parents are Joel and Mary (In- galls) Ives, natives of the State of New York. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Horr: Frank, George and Bert are all in California, and Benjamin and Fred are at home. Mrs. Ilorr's parents were born in'Connec- ticut, but were early settlers of Jefferson County, New York, where they lived some years, and finally passed out of this life; the father died in 1871, at the age of sixty-four years; the mother lived to be thirty years of age, and at her death left five children; Eras- tus, Louisa, Amelia, Julia and Edward. Louisa is the wife of Mr. Horr, and Julia is th" wife of S. H. Hall, of Jefferson County, New York. Jonathan Ingalls, the grandfather of Mrs. Horr, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died as an English prisoner of war. WILLIAM REINEKING, of section 24, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Sheboygan County, Wis- con.- | « S m S ' | « « >^ iigr^MrtRS. EMMA MILLER has clearly demonstrated what can be accom- plished by a woman of energy and intelligence. By the many excellent traits of character she possesses and by her busi- ness management and tact she has won recog- nition from the community in which she makes her home. Mrs. Miller was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1847. Her parents were New York people, her mother's ancestors having come to this country from Germany. She came West thirteen years aero with her cousin and located in Neills- ville, Wisconsin, where siie remained four years. Previous to her marriage to Mr. Phillip S. Miller, she was employed as manager iti his hotel. Ten years ago he re- moved frotn Neillsville to Merillon, where he conducted the hotel which he bought of Mr. Hoson, until the time of his death, in 1887. His widow succeeded him in the business and managed the establishment in such a way as to relieve the property from all in- cumbrances. She settled up the estate her husband left and paid off all claims on the same, doing it in a manner that gave entire satisfaction to her debtors and reflected credit on herself. She has run the hotel until the present, except for two months, when it was rented. She also owns another nice property in Merillon. "' '• ■^ • i i I t ' l l'-' " fOUN H. BAILLET, superintendent of the Sawyer farm, section 28, Hixton Township, Clark County, was Itorn in Cattaraugus County, New York, January 28, 1827, the son of Francis E. Baillet (de- ceased), a native of Baltimore, Maryland He was for nine years clerk of Cattaraugus County, and was also deputy clerk several terms. He came to Wisconsin in 1868, and soon afterward settled in Black River Falls, where he died a few years ago. Our sub- ject's mother, nee Elizabeth Horton, was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, De- cember 27, 1800, and now lives in La Crosse, Wisconsin. She is blind, but otherwise en- joys good health. Of the parents' eight children, live still survive, namely: John H. George W., Lydia J., Frank and Pamelia One son, Harry, died when twenty-one years of age. John IL, our subject, was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of his native State. He participated in the late war, in Company D, One Hundred and Sev- ei ty-ninth New York Volunteer Infantry, enlisting February 13, 1864, and was dis- Ql.AHK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 193 charged in June, 1865. lie was in the siege of Petersburg, and lielped make the charge that drove Lee's army out of the city. lie was Sergeant on detached duty mostly, and missed several of tlie hardest ])attles. His brother, George, was a Lieutenant in the war, in the Thirty-seventh New York Regiment, served one and a half years, and was discharged for disability. Our subject removed to Caroline County, Virginia, in 1868; returned to New York in 1870; and then came to this county in tiie spring of 1872. lie Hrst ran a lum- ber catnp for Sawyer in townsiiip 26, near Greenwood, where he remained until August, 1878. He was engaged in running lumber camps every winter, and farming in the sum- mer. He cleared most of this farm, which consists of 260 acres. In August, 1878, lie went to Gary, Deuel County, Dakota, and took up a iiomestead, which he entered and proved up, where he was engaged in farming until May, 1890. He then returned to Wis- consin, and took charge of this farm. The Sawyer farm, of which he is foreman, con- tains many buildings, and among them are two large barns which are supplied with wa- ter from a wind-pump, so that the stock ca!i all be watered witiiout removing from their stalls. Mr. Baillett was married in April, 1850, to Margaret G. Carpenter, a native of Cattarau- gus County, New York, and a daughter of Isaac Carpenter, deceased. They have had one child, Ellen, who died at the age of nine years. The mother died in September, 1851, and Mr. Baillet was again married, in July, 1854, to Olive B. Ackley, a native of Madi- son County, New York. They have had two children: Fred and George. The former died in Dakota, October 18, 1887, and the latter is a resident of Gary, Dakota. He is married to Luny Davison, and they have two chil- dren: Beverly G. and Nela E.. Mrs. Baillet 14 died October 24, 1887, just six days after their son. Her death was caused by a nerv- ous shock at his death. Mr. Baillet never seeks office, but has been induced to S(!rvc on the School Board. Socially he is a member of the G. A. K., Odd Fellows and Masons. Mrs. Baillet was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which our subject was formerly a member, and although he has not renounced Christianity lie is a firm believer in the existence of spii-its. He has had suffi- cient evidence to prove to him that his de- ])arted friends see and know what he does, as they have often communicated with liim. ^UGH II. PRICE, the only surviving son of the late Hon. William T. Price, was born at Black River P'alls, Decem- ber 2, 1859. He received his education in the Union High School of his native town, and at the Wisconsin University. The ster- ling traits of the father have descended to the son, and while a mere youth he evinced capabilities that have won liim a first rank in business circles. When a boy he was en- trusted with important responsibilities per- taining to the vast logging interests of his father, and upon the death of the latter he was well fitted to take full charge of the business. The most notable event in the career of Mr. Price in his election, January 18, 1887, to the last session of the Forty-ninth Con- gress, to serve the unexpired term of his lamented father whose death occurred the 6th day of the preceding December. His nomination and election, while a tribute to the memory of his father, are an houoi^, of which he is jiersonally deserving. The vote cast was 12,238, Republican, against 5,209, Democratic. 194 BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT OF Mr. Price has also been called to fill vari- ous local positions of trust and honor; he has been a member of the City Council, a mem- ber of the Jackson County Board, and Secre- tary of the Jackson County Agricultural Society. In 1888 he was elected to the State Senate of Wisconsin, representing the people of the Tliirty-second District. In all the duties devolving upon him he has exhib- ited more than ordinary ability; he is well informed on all public questions, and is in all respects a progressive citizen. He is un- married, and resides with his mother and sister in their beautiful home in Black River Falls. fANE GATES is the widow of Daniel Gates, late of Clark County, Wisconsin. An outline of her life and that of her worthy husband is herewith given. Mrs. Gates is a native of New York, horn De- cember 4, 1828. Her parents settled in Wis- consin at an early day and brought with them three children to this State. She is the old- est of the family, was educated in the com- mon schools of New York, and was married in Essex County, that State, April 23, 1848, to Daniel Gates. He was born in Washing- ton County, New York, but was educated in the common schools of Essex County. They reared a family of five children, viz.: Ade- laide, James L., Charley, Eddy and Nellie. All are married except one. Mr. Gates was employed in the iron works of Essex County, and for a time was a contractor in New York. He saved up $500, but when he canie to Wis- consin in 1856 he had only $40 with which to begin life in the new State, and his family consisted of wife and three children. Here he worked on the bridge over Black Kiver, and for awhile kept a hotel at the mouth of Wedge's Creek. They came to Neillsville in 1861, and bought twenty acres of land, the place on which his widow now resides. This he increased by more recent purchases until at the time of his death the homestead contained fifty-six acres. He also owned other real estate and was in well-to-do cir- cumstances. His death occurred June 28, 1885. Mr. Gates was a prominent man in the community where he lived. He was a Democrat, and always took an active part in political matters. He was School Director for several years. Magistrate two years, mem- ber of the Town Board several terms. Com- missioner of Clark County one term, and Sheriff of the county two years, having been elected to the latter ofiice in 1860. He was a director in the Clark County Bank several years, and by the dishonesty of the cashier lost about $2,000. Mrs. Gates has passed through many hard- ships. During the early settlement of this county she experienced much of pioneer life. She came to ISIeillsvilie in a stage, bringing her three little children, all sick at the time. She is now in comfortable circumstances, liv- ing on the old homestead with her daughter. RS. JANE GREEN (formerly Mrs. Christie), of section 34, Eaton Town- ship, was born in London, England, December 1, 1834, the daughter of William and Hannah (Hempstock) Bingham, both natives of England. The father brought his family to the United States in the spring of 1836, settling in La Crosse Valley. He was a miller by trade, and ran the Lewis Flour- ing Mill in Lewis Valley, La Crosse County, several years. He died there in 1861; the mother died in this city in May, 1879, at the age of eighty four years. The parents had CLARK AND JAGKmN COUNTIES. 195 throe cliildren, two of whom still survive: Mary A., now the wife of William Ilemp- stock, of McMinnville, Oregim; and Jane, our suhject. The deceased, William A., died in McMinnville, June 28, 1890, at the age of seventy years. The suhject of this sketch was niarrie- kANSOM PETERSON, a stone mason of Greenwood, was born in Prince Ed- ward County, Canada West, May 18, 1858, the son of William (deceased) and Elizabeth (Stoneburg) Peterson, both natives of Canada. The parents had eight children, five of whom are now living: Peter J., John, Jacob E., Abner L. and Ransom. The father died, and the mother was married to Stephen Fitch, by whom she had two children, only one of whom still survives, Hattie. Ransom was reared to farm life, and received but a limited education, as his father died when he was an infant, and his mother was poor and had a family of small children to support. Our subject's twin brother, Mansoin, died at the age of eighteen years in Tunnel City, Wisconsin. Mr. Peterson first went to work in a cheese factory when but fourteen years old, and followed the same until 1876, when he came to this county. He worked the fol- lowing winter in the pineries for Tom Miller, and in the spring of 1877 went to Tunnel City and worked at the stone mason's trade; July 26 of the same year he went to Olmsted County, Minnesota, and worked one year on a farm; in the fall of 1878 he was married, after which he came to this county and settled in Greenwood. After a few years he returned to Tunnel City, remained three years, then spent three years in Minnesota, and in the fall of 1888 bought a good residence in Greenwood, which he still occupies. He also owns thirty-five acres by the railroad, on a part of which the depot now stands, and he is now clearing this tract, which is growing very valuable. Mr. Peterson was married September 22, 1878, to Lydia Amos, a daughter of Christ Amos, of Olmsted County, Minnesota. They have had seven children, six now living, viz.: Maud, Ethel, Josephine, Richard, Lydia and Ransom. One daughter, Mabel, died at the age of three years and four montiis. Polit- ically Mr. Peterson is a Republican. jEV. COURTLAND M. KEACH, of M^ Albion, Jackson County, was l)oin in '•%^ Washington County, Wisconsin Janu- ary 23, 1850, the son of Rex Keach, who was born in Chautauqua County, New York, February 23, 1810. In 1846 he removed to Washington County, in 1852, went to La Crosse County, this State, and in 1853 came to Albion Township, Jackson County, where he worked in a mill for Mr. Spaulding until 1856. He then removed to Manchester Township, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1863. Politically he was a Democrat until 1860, since which time ho has been united with the Republican party. He held several minor ofiices, and was in moderate circumstances financially. He was of English and German extraction. Our subject's mother, Susannah, (Husted) Keach, was born at Staffordville, Dutchess County, New York, August 11, 1826, and is still living. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Jackson County, Wisconsin, and also in the common schools of Black River Falls. At an early age he took a pi-ivate course of study for the ministry, as an Advent Christian. In 1883 he bought a house and a few acres of land on section 23, Albion Township, where he now lives. In 1885 he was elected Treasurer of Albion Township, which position he iield one year, and in the winter of 1886 was appointed Town Clerk, of CLARK AND JACKSOV COUNTIES. 197 wliicli lie is the present iiieuinbent. lie still continues in the work of the ministry, having two churches under his pastorate at present. Politically he is a Proliibitionist. Mr. Keach was married Novetnher 7, 1873, to Sarah E. Barnum, who was born in the State of New York, February 22, 1852, the daughter of Israel and Elizabeth (Chariton) Barnum, na- tives also of New York. The parents subse- qnently came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in Manchester Township, where the father was engaged in farming. lie has held several minor offices, and was Town Clerk for about twenty years, having held tlie office constantly for fifteen years. lie has also officiated as county surveyor in his county. Mr. and Mrs. Keach have had four children: Josephine, Frank A., Effie M. and Clarence C, three of whom are living — one having died in infancy. |ETEll J. KLEIN, of section 13, Eaton »' Township, Clark County, was born in Nierstein, on the Rhine, Province of Ilessen-Darmstadt, May 4, 1857, the son of George Klein (deceased), a native of the same country. The latter brought his family to the United States in 1870, settling in She- boygan County, Wisconsin, and snl>sequently removed to Clark County, in the fall of 1873, and settled in Loyal Township. Our subject came at once to Eaton, where he commenced work as a farm hand. In October, 1885, he settled on this present farm of 120 acres, iifteen of which is cleared. Durintr the win- ters he is engaged in the pineries, and in the summers works on his farm and at other occupations. Mr. Klein was married Autrust 20, 1882, to Elizabeth Condon, who was born near Peterboro', Upper Canada, the daughter of Josepli Condon, a native of County Cork, Ire- land. They had four children, three of whom survive: John P., born May 28, 1883; Certrnde, May 24, 1887, and Oswald, De- cember 22, 1889. Joseph L. died at the age of nine months. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kleiu are members of the Catholic Church. ^ULEF II. GILE, proprietor of the Wis- consin Leader, Merillon, Wisconsin, was born in Addison, New York, Nov- ember 20, 1854, son of K. S. and A. E. Gile. His early education was received in the dis- trict schools of Pennsylvania. In 1866 he came to Wisconsin with his mother and located in Waushara County, where he re- mained for twelve years and for nine years worked in a printing office. He came to Jackson County and settled in Merillon in 1878. Here he became the proprietor of the Leader, and in this enterprise has been very successful, having established a large cir- culation. He was married, Jannary 3, 1875, to Miss Charlotte I. Ilerrick, of Wautoma, Wisconsin. She was born in 1855, and was educated in the common schools of this State. Her parents were among the early pioneers of Wisconsin. Mr. Gile associates with the Masonic Order. Politically he is a Repub- lican. lEV. J. F. VOLZ is the present pastor of Saint Mary's (Catholic) Church at Neillsville, Wisconsin. Religious ser- vices were tirst held in the present church building in 1878. It is a substantial structure of brick, and was erected at a cost of $3,500. In connection with the church there is a school building, which was completed in 198 BIOORAPUWAL U I STORY OF 1887. St. Mary's Parochial School has an average attendance of seventy pupils. The parsonage, or priest's residence, is a comfort- able dwelling, and the style of it is in keeping with the other surroundings. The congrega- tion of St. Mary's Church numbers about one hundred and twenty-five families, about equally divided as residents of the town and adjoining country. Catholic religious services liave been held in Neillsville regularly since 187(j; previous to that date they were conducted only occa- sionally. Among the names prominent in the promotion of the interests of the church throughout its history should be mentioned that of Mr. James Furlong, who was truly one of its chief benefactors. He donated the land on which the church property is located, and was ever a liberal and earnest supporter of the church. He was highly esteemed, was a public- spirited citizen, and one of the hon- ored pioneers of Neillsville; his home was formerly in the State of Pennsylvania; his death occurred in 1884. The Rev. Father Volz has had charge of this congregation since 1879. He lias accomplished a great deal towards improving the church property in his time. When he came here the church was in a rough, unfin- ished state, and the congregation $1,000 in debt. The church and its surround- ings have been much improved and the entire indebtedness removed through the faithful and energetic labors of the present pastor, and the hearty co-operation of the active members. The Kev. J. F. Volz was born at Prattsburg, in the State of Indiana, January 1, 1857; the same year his father, Melchior Volz, removed with his family to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and they have since made it their home. Mel- chior Volz is a well-kuown citizen, and a re- tired business man of the place. Father Volz received iiis earlier education in the parochial schools of La Cro3se, arid was graduated from St. John's Collejre at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, in 1873. He took his theological course at St. Francis Seminary, near Milwaukee ; was ordained priest Novem- ber 9, 1879, by the late Archbishop Heiss, and was well fitted for the work he has chosen. His present charge is his first one, and he has exhibited a marked ability in its management. . .UGUST F. SNYDER, a merchant of Neillsville, was born in Clark County, August 18, 1856, the son of German parents, who came to America in 1851. Upon their arrival in the United States they located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where they re- mained a few years, and where the father, N. F. Snyder, was engaged in work at the cooper's trade, a trade he had learned in the old country. Five children were born to them, two of whom are now living, the subject of this sketch being the oldest. The parents moved to Clark County, Wisconsin, and from there to Iowa, where they spent some time, after which they returned to Clark County. Here Mr. Snyder bought a quarter section of land from the Government, paying for it $1.25 per acre. At that time there was nothing but Indian trails from here to La Crosse and Sparta, and provisions had to be brought from those places. He employed the Indians to help him roll logs, and he worked in the logging camps nine winters. When Mr. Snyder landed in New York his only capital was fifty cents; but in this republic of ours the opportunities for success are boundless, and as the years passed by he saved his earnings and secured for himself a comfortable home. A man of irood judgment and oiu- who always made his word CLARE AND JACKSON COUNT IKS. 199 as good as liis bond, lie soon gained the re- spect of all who knew him. August F. received his education in tlio district schools of Clark County, and also in the public schools of Neillsville. He went with his father to Iowa, beintr engag-ed in the hotel business there for a time. After his return to Wisconsin he clerked one year in Toinah and one year at Unity. Then he went back to Iowa, and was in the railroad employ one year. In 1887 he was married, in Clark County, to Stella Sells. One child has been born to them. Mr. Snyder is now engau;ed in the clothing business in Neillsville, where he has worked up a good trade. lie is a member of tlie Masonic fraternity, having taken the deji;rees in the blue lodge, chapter and com- mandery. - " ' "S ' ^ ' ^ ' S (LI L. SNYDER, proprietor of a variety store in Thorp, was born in Michigan, December 2, 1861, the son of Levi and Anna (Valden) Snyder, — the former a native of Jefferson County, New York, who removed to Michigan when young; the mother was born near Attica, New York. The parents had eight children, tour of whom are now living: Lovina, now Mrs. George C. Howard, of Thorp; Warren, of Onalaska, La Crosse County, Wisconsin; Sarah, the wife of Lewis Barnes, also of Onalaska, and Eli L., the sub- ject of this sketch. The father brought his family to Tomah, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1865, and died in Adrian, in 1872; the mother now lives in Onalaska. Eli L., our suliject, remained on a farm until eleven years of age, when his father died, and he was then thrown upon his own resources. He first worked a few months for his board in Cole's Valley; next for Mr. Howard si.\ months; then for Wallace Jack- son, of Jacksonville, Wisconsin, nearly two years; in 1875 went to Red Wing, Minne- sota, where he worked on a farm for Merritt Tripp seven months; then returned to Adrian and attended school that winter; the ne.xt summer worked in the saw-mills of Warren & Co.; in 1876 went to St. Paul, where he worked four months in a jewelry store; then as waiter in the Merchant's Hotel thereuntil the fall of 1877. He then came to Onalaska, Wisconsin, and that winter worked in the pitieries in Monroe County, for Warren & Co., and in the spring of 1878 went to St. Raul, remained four months, and then re- turned to Onalaska, whore he worked in a jewelry store a short time. Ne.Kt he went to the vicinity of Stevens' Point, where he worked in the pineries one winter for Brooks & Barrs; in the spring of 1879 he went to Appleton, Wisconsin, where he established a shooting gallery and confectionery stand, which he conducted six months, and then re- turned to Stevens' point. There Mr. Snyder entered the employ of the Inter-Ocean Circus, and traveled with that com|mny through Southern Wisconsin, leaving them at Racine. Late in the fall of the same year he went to Adrian, where he attended school, and in the spring of 1880 went to Onalaska, and was en- gaged in sorting logs on Black River several months, after which ho again attended school. Mr. Snyder worked in the pineries that win- ter on Yellow River for Joe Nesbit, and in the spring of 1881 went to St. Paul, where he worked in a jewelry store four months; next he returned to Onalaska and worked in a saw-mill; thence to Tunnel City, where he clerked in the store of George Howard; in 1882 he entered into partnership with Mr. Howard, after which they came to Thor[) and built a store near the depot and engaged in general merchandising. This was in October, 200 DWOBAPnwAL nisTonr of 1882. In 1883 Mr. Snyder dissolved part- iierslii]>, and soon afterward engaged in his ])resent business, keeping a genera! variety of goods. He has a capital stock of $700, his annual sales amounting to about $2,500. He was married June 20, 1883, to Louisa Burke, who was born in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, December 15, 1863, the daughter of John Burke, of this city. They have three children: George L., William (deceased) and Levi J. Mrs. Snyder is a member of the Catholic Church, and politically Mr. Snyder is a Kepublican. IfEfflLLIAM WAGNER, editor and pro- prietor of the Courier, Thorp, Clark County, was born in Beaver Dam, Dodge County, Wisconsin, July 28, 1859, the son of Joseph Wagner, deceased, late of Beaver Dam, where he had lived since 1844, when the place was known as Grubville. The parents had live children, namely: Theresa, wife of Samuel J. Shafer, editor of the Phonograph of Colby, this county; Joseph, a business man of Beaver Dam; Mary L., now Mrs. Carl Van Neuport, a druggist of Stevens' Boiut, Wisconsin, and Belle, who is still in Beaver Dam. William Wagner, our subject, was edu- cated in the public schools of his native city, where he also learned the printer's trade in the Argus office, and also in the Flionograph office, of Colby. He worked a short time in Chicago, Illinois, and Buffalo, New York, and in November, 1883, came to Thorp, where he established the Courier, a spicy little sheet, a quarto, five-column. Mr. Wagner served as Postmaster during Cleveland's administration. He was marrieil December 23, 1885, to Kate Dirtuiond, who was born in St. Law- rence County, New York, March 8, 1867, the daughter of Daniel Diamond, of Eagle River, Wisconsin. They have two children: Maud, born December 3, 1886, and Florence K., March 30, 1889. te ' ^"* ' S" ' " LBION K. JAMES, of Melrose, Jack- son County, was born in New Hamp- shire, October 3, 1849, the son of Alonzo G. James, who was born in Deertield, New Hampshire, in 1826. In 1855 became to Richland Center, Richland County, Wis- consin, where he died, at the age of sixty years. He was a dealer in boots and shoes by occupation, and was a Prohibitionist po- litically, but in early years was a Republican. He was a very prominent man, and was President of the village of Richland Center, and also a member of the town board of Supervisors for several years. Our subject's mother, nee Eliza Knowlton, was also born in Deerfield, New Hampshire, and is now living at Richland Center, Richland County, Wisconsin. She is a daughter of Nathaniel and Eliza Knowlton, natives of New Hamp- shire. Mr. and Mrs. James had seven chil- dren, viz.: Albion K., Emma J., Lewis E., Charles F., Minnie, Mary and Anna, all of whom are living except Mary. The subject of this sketch, Albion K., the eldest child, was reared and educated in Richland Center. In 1873 he went to Hills- borough, Wisconsin, and in 1875 came to Jackson County, locating in the town of Millston. While residing at Millston he was elected Town Clerk. In 1878 he re- moved to Melrose, where he engaged in the mercantile business, which he still continues He is also proprietor of the Exchange Bank of Melrose. He is a prominent man, and has held a number of important offices. He GLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 310 was Postmaster here for six years. He is treasurer of the Irviti^i; Insurance Company, of $500,000 capital, which lie has held for four years. Politically he is independent, but lie was formerly a Republican. He has repre- sented his town and county in several county and senatorial conventions at dilferent times. He has been twice elected Clerk of the School Board of Melrose graded school. He is a member of the Good Templars' Lod^e, at Melrose, and is also a member of the Baptist Church. He was treasurer of the Melrose Creamery Association for two years, and dis- bursed nearly $4:0,000 among the patrons of the company, to their satisfaction. Mr. James was married March 22, 1883, to Kate Tattle, who was born in Black River Falls, January 10, 1860, the daughter of Albert and Emeline (Jean) Tuttle. The mother was born in Ohio, in 1822, and died at the age of lifty-nine years, at Merrillon, in Jackson County, Wisconsin. The father was born in Connecticut in 1815, and died at Arcadia, in Trempealeau County, this State, on February 6, 1891. He was among the early settlers of Jackson County, having located at Black River Falls in 1850. Mr. and Mrs. James have had two childi'en: Bessie, born September 2, 1884, and Carrie, born February 14, 1887, who died August 7, 1887. lUNCAN HARDISON, a representative citizen of Jackson County, Wisconsin, was born in Ft. Steenley, Canada West, February 20, 1821. He received his educa- tion in Canada, and in 1S3G, at the age of fifteen years, came to the United States and was employed at $6 per month in a grocery at Biittalu, New York. After that he went before the mast on lake vessels, servinsr first as cabin I)oy, then as cook, afterward as mate, and finally as master. During his experience on the lakes he saw rough times, and was in many a heavy gale. He came to Jackson County and settled in section 26, Garden Valley Township, where he still resides. Pre- vious to his coming here he bought eighty acres of wild land, which he has since cleared up and developed into a line farm. His buildings are in first-class condition, and everything about the place indicates pros- perity. When he came to this county Mr. Hardison had only $100, and all that he now has is the result of his own unaided efforts. The subject of this sketch has been twice married. By his first wife, whom he wedded in 1850, he had four children. His present wife, nee Mary A. Coon, was born in Livings- ton County, JSIew York, in 1861. Five chil- dren have been born to them, only two of whom are living. Mr. Hardison is a Republican. " ""^ ' lui ' ji '-^ LPERT J. BEILFUSS, yard-master in Nye, Leisk & Hudson's extensive lum- ber yards at Thorp, Clark County, was iiorn in Prussia, Germany, August 16,1858, the son of Charles and Joliannah (Schmidt) Beilfuss, both also natives of Prussia. They were the parents of ten children, six of whom are now living, namely: William, Charles, iMinnie, August, Albert and Bertha. Caro- line and Ollerike died after reaching ma- turity. The father brought his family to tlie United States in 1871, settling in Reed City, Osceola County, Michigan, where he still re- sides. Our subject lived in that city until the spring of 1881, when he came to Abbots- ford, this county, and kept a grocery two years, in 1883 he came to Thorp, where he has since worked for his present employers. 303 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF having liad four years in the lumber yards iu Michigan. Mr. Beilf uss was married October 19, 1878, to Adelgnnde Stoever, a dangliter of Henry Stoever, of Kiel, Manitowoc County, Wis- consin. They have three children, — Arthur, Walter and Carl, — all of whom are at home and attending school. Mr. Beilf uss was brought up in the Lutheran faith, and is a Democrat politically. — •^>^' ; " i - S -- — vNNIE SUFFICOOL, widow of John ffil Sufficool, was born in Buffalo, New York, March 31, 1845, and received her education in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. By attending normal school she prepared herself for teaching, which vocation she followed four years in the district schools. Her father was born April 29, 1806, and died in Mil- waukee, August 24, 1854. He was a shoe- maker, and followed that trade a number of years. He had a fair education, and took pride in being posted on the topics of the day. Mrs. Sufficool is the oldest of a family of six children, live of whom are living. Her mother is now seventy-six years old. The subject of our sketch was married April 4, 1864, in Milwaukee, to John Suffi- cool, who was born in Pennsylvania, Febru- ary 2, 1834, and was educated in tlie public schools of his native county. At Mineral Point, AVisconsin, in 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Thirtieth Wisconsin Infantry, under Captain Burton. Was in Dakota on the Indian expedition, and was also in Frank- fort, Kentucky. During his whole service he was on guard duty, being Orderly Ser- geant of his company, and was honorably discharged in 1865. The war over, he returned home and for two years worked in the lead mines of Wis- consin, receiving small wages. Mr. Sufficool first took up his abode in Clark County when he was thirty-three years old; moved right into the woods, and when he had put up a log house he had just 50 cents left. Settling on the frontier at that early date, he met with many hardships. During the sum- mer he worked at stone-masonry, and in the winter spent his time in the woods. He bought a home in Weston, where he lived and where he cleared up twenty-five acres of land. For services rendered in the army he afterward received a pension. For sixteen years he was an invalid, suffering from a stroke of paralysis. He returned to Clark County, and made his home in Neillsvillo for three years. His death occurred in 1887. Mr. Sufficool was held in high esteem by a large circle of friends, and in his death the community lost a most worthy man. While residing in Weston he was chairman of the Town Board of Weston Township for many years. He was an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. IHARLIE A. L. VARNEY, a dealer in fresh and cured meats at Thorp, Clark County, was born in Norridgewock, Maine, April 25, 1865, the son of Hiram W. Varney, whose biography appears in this work. The latter emigrated to La Crosse County, Wisconsin, in July, 1865, remained four years, then went to Mitchell County, Iowa, two years later to La Crosse, thence to this county in 1873, settling in Warner Township, where he still resides. Charles A. L., our subject, was educated in the common schools of Warner Township, and also attended school one year at Neills- villo. He worked in the pineries in the win- ters, and farmed and cleared land in the CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 208 summers, until August, 1890, when he came to Thorp and engaged in his present husi- ness. He lias a large trade, and keeps all kinds of fresh, salt and cured meats. Mr. Varney was married November 27, 1890, to Miss Nettie Vanairsdale, who was born near Saxeville, Wauehara County, Wisconsin, September 15, 1869, the daughter of Garrett Vanairsdale, of Saxeville. Mr. Varney is a member of the Modern Woodmen, and in his political views is a Kepublican. ■'♦-x ^ ' X ^ S ^-"^ IfSERBERT I. BKACKETT, attorney and counselor at law of IJlack River Falls, is the present District Attorney of Jack- son County, to which position he was elected November 4, 1890. He was born in the vil- lage of China, Kenncl)ec County, Maine, De- cember 18, 1859. In 1863, his father, James ri. Brackett, emigrated with his family to Wisconsin and settled in Monroe County, where he still resides. James H. Brackett was born in the State of Maine in 1807, and belongs to an early New England family. His grandfather was born in the State of Massachusetts in 1717, and died in 1817; he was a soldier in the French and Indian war, but was too old for service in the war of the Revolution. James II. Brackett married Rose Brown, also a native of Kennebec County, and of an old New England family. She was born in JJrooks, Maine, in 1830; her father, Seth Brown, was born in Stoddard, New Hampshire, in 1790, and died in 1846, in China, Maine. His father was a native of the north of Ireland and came to this country when a yonng man, serving several years in the Continental army of the war of the Revolution. Tile maternal grandmother of Herbert I. Brackett was Hannah Whitney; she was born at Gorham, Maine, in 1794, and became the wife of Seth Brown. Her mother was Phcebe Hopkins, who was born near Cape Cod, Mas- sachusetts, in 1700, and married Asa Whit- ney. She was in Boston when that city was in possession of the British, and while it was besieged by General Washington, and at the surrender of the British forces. Asa Whit- ney, her husband, served as Major in a Mass- achusetts regiment in the Continental army, and her father and two bi-others were also soldiers in the same army. She was a niece of Stephen Hopkins, one of the immortal signers of the Declaration of Independence. She died at the advanced age of ninety-seven years, and for many years drew a pension from the Government in acknowledgment of the service rendered by her husband. James H. Brackett followed the occupa- tion of farming until the age of fifty-three years, when he went into the hotel business; later he embarked in the mercantile trade, but is now practically retired from business. He and his wife had born to them two sons and one daughter: Myron, Mary (deceased) and Herbert I. The last named, the subject of this sketch, was brought up in Monroe County, Wiscon- sin, where he attended the common-schools of Cataract until the age of seventeen years; he then entered the Galesville University, where he pursued his studies for three years; then a year was spent in the Normal School of Valparaiso, Indiana; for three years after leaving school he was engaged in the profes- sion of teaching in Monroe Coujity, but in 1884 he entered the law office of Judge George M. Berry, of Black River Falls, and in March, 1887, he was admitted to the bar of Jackson County. He is now associated with Judge Berry, with whom ii partnership was formed in 1889. He was elected Jus- tice of the Beuce in 188D, on tiie peoplse' 204 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ticket, and re-elected in 1887. Politically he is a Democrat, his ancestors for several gen- erations having been Democrats of the Jeff- ersonian school. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias, Banner Lodge, No. 34; he is also a member of Shamrock Lodge, L O. O. F. Althongli one of the younger members of the Jackson County bar, he has already attained an excellent reputation as a lawyer. He is a gentleman of mucli native ability, and is highly esteemed and respected as a citizen. Mr. Brackett was united in marriage June 14, 1886, in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, to Miss Catherine O. Williams, a native of Dodge County, Wisconsin, and a daughter of the Rev. David R. Williams. One daughter has been born of this marriage — Corrinue. fHOMAS O. MOSHER, a dealer in hardware, stoves, tinware and farm im- plements, of Thorp, Clark County, was born in Merricksville, Ontario, May 27, 1852, the son of Aaron Mosher, of Bangor, La Crosse County, Wisconsin, where he settled in 1857. He was a farmer nearly all his life, but is now retired. Thomas O. was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools, and was engaged in farm work until twenty- nine years old. In 1881 he came to Thorp, where he built a store and engaged in his present business. He carries a capital stock of $3,000, his annual sales being about $12,- 000, which is constantly increasing. He keeps a tinner, who is also a clerk in the store. The past season he sold forty spring- tooth harrows, and also wagons, carriages and cutters. Mr. Mosher was Town Clerk of Thorp live years, and also held the office of Notary Public, Justice of the Peace and School Director, all in one year, and at the same time conducted a barber shop. He is Recording Secretary of the 1. 0. 0. F. Lodge. He was married December 7, 1881, to Eva Fullmer, a native of Ontario, Canada, but was taken to the State of Wisconsin when small, where she remained until the age of fourteen years, when they came to this county. She is a daughter of David Full- mer, of Loyal, this county. Politically Mr. Mosher is a Republican. INCENT B. NEWLAND, the present Postmaster of Melrose, was born in the town of Hard wick, Worcester County, Massaacluisetts, October 5, 1821, the son of Vincent C. Newland, who was born in Bris- tol County, Massachusetts, August 26, 1798. In 1832 he went to Warren County, Penn- sylvania; in 1833 to Erie County, same State; in 1835 to Holmes County, Ohio, and in 1852 returned to Worcester County, where he remained until 1855, in which year he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in the town of Melrose, where he died April 17, 1886. He was a blacksmith by trade, and politically was a Republican, and held several township offices. His father, David Newland, was born in Massachusetts and died there at a good old age. He was a farmer by occupation. Our subject's mother, Betsey S. (ijrown) was born in Hardwick, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 16, 1800, and died in Jackson County, Wiscon- sin, at the age of eighty-four years. They were the parents of eight children, only three of whom are now living, viz.: Vincent B., Mary E. and Watson B. The subject of this sketch, Vincent B., was reared and educated to the age of eleven years on a farm in Worcester County, Mass- achusetts. In 1832 he went to VV^arreu CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 205 County, Pennsylvania; in 1835 he went with his parents to Holmes County, Ohio; in 1848 lie returned to Worcester County, Massa- chusetts, and in 1853 came to Jackson County, where he took up Government land. lie returned to Massachusetts and remained until 1857, when ho came back to Jackson County and was engaged on his farm until 1865. In that year he rented his place and moved to the village of Melrose and opened a blacksmith shop, which he continued until 1866. He next conducted a hotel until 1868, when he sold out and returned to his farm. In December, 1870, he came to the village of Melrose again, and engaged in the mer- cantile business. In February, 1871, he was appointed Postmaster of his city, which posi- tion he held until 1876. After his term had expired, he continued in the mercantile busi- ness until 1884, and five years later was again appointed Postmaster, which position he now holds. Politically ho is a Rej)ubli- can, and religiously is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Mr. Newland was married in March, 1844, to Prudence Tuttle, who was born in Liv- ingston County, New York, June 20, 1827, the daughter of Bishop M. and Rebecca (Cooper) Tuttle, both natives of Connecticut and of English extraction. They suljse- quently moved to Ohio, where the mother died. After her death the father camo to Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a farmer by occupation, and also served in the war of 1812. He was a very ]>rominont man in his time. Mr. Newland while in Massachusetts, in 1856, took an active part in the organiza- tion of the Republican party. In November of that year he was elected Representative in the Legislature. Mr. and Mrs. Newland have bad five children, namely: Hiram P., born December 27, 1844; nenjamin II., May 18, 1847; Virgil M., November 13, 1851; Charles, December 2, 1857; and Wilbur F., February 14, 1866. Two are now deccnised: Iliram F., who was killed in the army, Oc- tober 30, 1864; Wilbur F. died May 2,' 1882. — " £ - 3. ' S - g- - — lOBERT J. RATES, a well-known busi- U,.^ ness man of Alma Centre, Wisconsin, is a native of the Green Mountain State, born in Rrookfield, March 6, 1840. He came with his father to Wisconsin in May, 1850, and settled in Fond du Lac, Robert being the youngest child in the family. They removed to Alma Centre in 1856, and the father engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. In those days educational advantages were limited and the subject of our sketch walked six miles to the district school. He remained with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, the time of his entering the army. He enlisted as a private in Company G, Tenth Wisconsin Regiment, under Captain William Moore, and was after- ward promoted as First Sergeant. Ho par- ticipated in the battles of Perryville and Stone River and was in the hottest of tlie light. At the first battle of Perryville half his regiment was killed. His comrades were falling on all si(les, and when the ammunition was exhausted and they wore ordered to fall back he was the only one left for a distance of ten feet on either side. In the spring of 1862 he was at Iluntsville, Alabama. Cap- tain Moore was killed near Huntsville, Ala- bama, by bushwhackers, in a tight in which Mr. Bates and his company were enrrac-od. At Chickamauga their company suflered heavy losses. Other battles in which Mr. Bates took part were Hoover's Gap, Mission- ary Ridge and Peach Tree Creek, and he went with Sherman in his campaign as far 306 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORT OF as Atlanta. After three years' service as a faithful soldier he was honorably dis- charcred November 5, 1864. He then re- turned to Jackson County, Wisconsin, worked in the lumber woods and for three years ran on the Black and Mississippi rivers. He bought a quarter section of land, three miles and a half from Alma Centre, where he was successfally engaged in farming from 1867 until 1883. During that time, in 1871, he was elected Sheriff, tilling tlie office two years. In 1883 he was engaged in the drug business, in which he has continued up to the present time. He was appointed Post- master in 1883, and iield that office until May, 1886; was re-appointed Postmaster April, 1889, and is still holding the office at this date. He served as Clerk of Alma Township one year and as Justice of the Peace two years. Mr. Bates was married, in 1877, to Mrs. Susan Hursey, a widow. Four children have been born to them, — two boys and two girls, — all having good educational advantages. Mrs. Bates is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is associated with the Masonic order, blue lodge and Royal Arch Masons, the I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and the Modern Woodmen. Politically he has always been a Kepublicau. ^ g - i " r - > ll'M^li: ^^- SMITH, a general merciiant of Withee, Clark County, was born in i® Manitowoc, Wisconsin, August 11, 1867, the son of Edward Smith, of tliis County. Our subject spent the first eleven years of his life in his native city, and in 1878 came to this county, where he lived with his parents at Christie. He next went to Greenwood, and one year later, in 1881, to Longwood, where be worked with his father in a hotel, and also in the pineries for a time. He came to Withee in the summer of 1889, and established a general store in company with M. E. Lantz, but in July of the next year Mr. Smith purchased his partner's in- terest. He now keeps a general stock of goods, and has a capital stock of $2,000. His sales the first year amounted to $8,000, and have been constantly increasing since that time. Mr. Smith is very obliging, genial to his customers, sells at reasonable prices, and thus is securing the confidence and respect of the people. In addition to his store he also owns forty acres of land on section 3, Hixton Township, twenty-three acres of which is cleared and under cul- tivation. He was married December 4, 1889, to Clara Moody, who was born in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, a daughter of James C. Moody, whose biography appears in this work. Mr. Smith is a member of the Mod- ern Woodmen, and is now holding the office of Notary Public. — ''♦■>i | » S ii ; ' | f»~ — ' fAMES C. MOODY, of section 9, Hixton Township, Clark County, was born in Monroe Township, Perry County, Ohio, November 7, 1837, the son of Hiram Moody, a native of Topsham, Maine, born August 20, 1810. He was a coast sailor in the cod fislieries several years, and also worked in tiie pineries during the winters. He removed to Ohio in 1827, and in 1852 came to Wis- consin, where he bought 820 acres of land from the United States Government in Ver- non, then Badax County. In 1854 ho brought his family to this State, and settled on Round Prairie, one and a half miles from Viroqua, on land he purchased from theState. Oursubject's mother, nee Sarah Longstreth, was born at CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 207 James' Mill, Muskingum County, Ohio, De- cember 20, 1810, about eight miles from Zanesville. She was one of the first white children born in that county. Her brothers were noted drovers, and our subject went with them over southern Ohio, driving stock to various points. Iler uncle, Michael Long- streth, owned large estates of coal land in southern Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Moody had six children, all of whom grew to maturity, and five are now living, namely: James C, Catharine, Martha, Nathan E. and Abigail. One son, Bartholomew L., was killed at the battle of Corinth while fighting for the Union. The father served three years in the late war, in Company C, Eighteenth Wiscon- sin Volunteer Infantry, was wounded at Slii- loli, and now draws a pension. James C. Moody, our suliject, also served in the late war, in Company I, Sixth Wiscon- sin Iron Brigade, serving four years, lie was in the battles of Gainesville, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Rappahan- nock, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg and the Wilderness. He was wounded in the right thij^li at the battle of the Wilderness and loft lying near the battle-ground without any protection from the rain and storms, was taken a pris- oner and held for thirty-one days. He caught cold, and both ears swelled shut, having lost the hearing entirely of the right ear. He was taken to Belle Isle, where he was kept for some time, then to Lynchburg, where a great sore came on the back of his head, which was infested with maggots. They were nearly starved in prison, and often had to eat spoiled meat, and many of his comrades starved to death. lie lost fifty-eight pounds in weight while in prison. While they were being removed from Lynchburg, a railroad bridge took fire, and while the guards were busily at work to extinguish it Mr. Moody and five others escaped. After wandering for seven days and nights, almost starved, and at ti)nes nearly recaptured by rebel cav- alry passing within a few rods of them, they evaded their pursuers, traveled over 120 miles, and reached Chesapeake Bay. Here they made a raft l)y lashing two bridge tim- bers together, and were making their way across the bay when they were met by a passing Union steamer, laden with wounded soldiers from Petersburg, and were taken on board. They were so nearly starved that they had to be guarded to prevent them from injuring themselves by eating too much. They had been two or three days with noth- ing to eat. At one pla.e one of the party slipped slily into the negro quarters of a plantation, while the others lay concealed in the brush of a ravine near by, and at once made his wants known. The woman put a S]>lendi(l dinner in a basket, and an old ne^ro man took his fisliing pole and the basket and started down the ravine toward tlio creek, where he sat the basket down and be^an fishing. The boys came up, had a feast, and had enough left for another meal. They were also helped at other points by the slaves. Mr. Moody afterward returned to his reo-i- ment, and was in the battles of First and Second Hatcher's Run, Boydtown Plank Road, Gravel Run, Five Forks, and was present at the surrender at Appomattox. He received a brevet Captain's commission for bravery on tiie battle-field, and also held all the non-commissioned offices in his com- pany. After the war Mr. Moody was engaged in farming two years in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and then wont to the city of La Crosse, where he worked for C. C. Washburn as sawyer and filer during the summers, and scaled logs in the winters for twelve years. He then spent one year working for otiier 208 BIOORAPUICAL IIISTORT OF parties, and in 1881 came to this county, and took charge of a mill for Mr. Washburn, which he ran six years, and is a logging jobber. lie was married, November 7, 1860, to Ann E. S. Adams, who was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, April 24, 1840, the daughter of Lewis G. P. Adams, of Vernon County, this State. They had two children: Edwin L. and Clara. Edwin married Lucinda Amo, lives in Minneapolis, and has three children: Edwin L., Eobert I. and Walter E. Clara married Walter H. Smith, a merchant of Witliee, this county. Mr. Moody was mar- ried to his present wife, Ellen Carleton, a daughther of Thomas V. Carleton, of Neills- viUe, Wisconsin, May 12, 1878. The father was a Mexican soldier, and a pioneer of She- boygan County. Mrs. Moody was born in the latter county, June 22, 1850. Mr. Moody is a member of the G. A. R. and the A. O. U. W. fraternities at Withee. Has been Justice of the Peace for six years and has been Postmaster. Ho owns 520 acres of land, and draws a pension of $25 a month. Mr. Moody's genealogy is as follows: his grandfather, Nathan Moody, was born on Lake Umbagog, Maine, a son of Lawrence A., a son of Joshua R., a native of Muirkirk, Ayrshire, Scotland. The latter had a land grant from the king of England, with a com- mission as Lieutenant-Governor of the then Province of Maine. He crossed the ocean in 1692, and settled in Maine, where lie was the Governor for some time. His son Law- rence and another son were under General Wolfe at the Heights of Abraham ; the former was wounded there, his brother was killed, and his bones still lie on the Heights of Abraham. Nathan Moody and a brother were soldiers in the war of 1812, and an- other brother, Alexander, was in the Florida Seminole war, where he is supposed to have been killed. Our subject's uncle, James AV. Moody, was a soldier in the Mexican war. His grandfather on the maternal side, Bar- tholomew Longstreth, was a soldier in the war of 1812, under General Crogan, and a brother, Philip Longstreth, was also in the same war. Mr. Moody's brother, Nathan^ was President of the Wisconsin State Farm- ers' Alliance, and is now Secretary of the same. ' fo * S ** S * ^' * **** ifSENRY J. WENDT, of section 15, Withee Township, Clark County, was born in Hanover, Germany, August 7, 1840, the son of William Wendt, deceased, a native of the same place, where he died in 1890, at the age of seventy-eight years. The parents had five children, namely: Uora, now Mrs. William Sauke of Hanover; Henry J., the subject of this sketch; Mary, who mar- ried William Schultz, of Hanover; William, of Longwood; and Sophia, now Mrs. Fred- erick Walter, also of Hanover. Henry J. came to the United States in 1868, settling in Allegan County, Michigan where he cleared a farm and lived until the spring of 1883, in which year he came to this county, and set- tled on his present farm of eighty acres, thirty-two of which he has since cleared. He has built a good house, barn and other neces- sary buildings. Mr. Wendt was married August 14, 1870, to ILuinah Lohrberg, who was born in Ma- honing County, Ohio, November 17, 1849, the daughter of August Lohrberg, deceased. Her parents had live children: David, of Allegan County, Michigan; Paulina, now Mrs. Henry Kanche, of Washington State; Lizzie, who married Jacoi) Schlintz, of Al- legan County; Hannah, the wife of our sub- ject, and John, of Allegan County. Mr. and i^^Bv- ^Jo CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. a09 Mrs. Wendt luul iiiiiecliildten, ei<^lit of whom are now livinir, viz.: William, Charles, David, John, Frederick, Amelia, Dora and Augnst. Religiously Mr. Wendt is a member oi! the Methodist Church, and politically a Repub- lican. [ENNIS CANNON, Jk., is a native of the Emerald Isle, born June 14, 1846. Dennis Cannon, his father, came to America when ho was twelve years old, but returned to his native land and remained there a number of years. lie crossed tiie Atlantic again, bringiniji; with him a family of four children, and located in St. Andes, New Brunswick. He afterward removoil to Wilmington, Delaware, where he was con- nected with a gun-powder factory. In 1855 lie came West and settled in Columbia Coun- ty, Wisconsin, whore he engaged in farming. All of his nine sons and three daughters are liviua. He is a man of jjood habits and is highly esteemed by all who know him. The subject of this sketch received his education in tiie public schools of Portage, Wisconsin, and at the early age of fifteen years started out to look after his own interests, lie worked on a farm eleven months for one man, receiving seven dollars per month. Afterward he was in the employ of the Mil- waukee & St. Paul Railroad Company, for one year, firing extras. His next employment was in the lumberbusinesson the Wisconsin River, engaged in log-driving and niiming rafts of lumber from Jonny Bull to St. Louis, for nine years, and during that time saved up a few hundred dollars. For live years he was fore- iiKui of the work there, building the first dam above Merrill on the Wisconsin River at Pil liken Rapids. He came to Jackson County in 1873. Eight years he was employed as i5 lumber inspector and shipper for C. N. Payne & Conipiny, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, from their mills at Merillon. July 2, 1876, he married Emma Lake, of Merillon. She was born in 1861, the dautrli- ter of New York parents. Her education was obtained in the public schools of Jack- sou County. Their union has been blessed with three children: two boys and one girl. Mr. Cannon resides in a neat farm res- idence, two miles west of Merillon and does business in town. He lias served two years as one of the Supervisors of the town of Alma. In his political views he is inde- pendent. fOSEPH SICIILER, an enterprisintr and well-to-do fiirmer, residing on section 23, Garden Valley Township, Jackson County, was born in Wtirteiwberg, Germany, September 21, 1831. He came to the United States in 1849, and the first three years of his residence in this country were spent in New Jersey, where lie worked tiirouo-h the winter for $6 per month and in the summer did gardening for $10 per month. He then spent one year in Southern Illinois and one year in Iowa, after which, in the fall of 1855, he came to Jackson County, AV^is- consin. Hero he worked in the woods one winter, at $26 a month, and bought forty acres of land which he cleared up. The country was wild, settlers were few and pro- visions had to be brought froTn La Crosse by wagons, and consequently were very hiirh. A barrel of pork was worth $50 and flour cost $13 to $14 a barrel. In 1856 Mr. Sichler returiusd to New Jer- sey, and on April 11, was united in marriage with Miss Elizabetii McGovern, the tirst couple man-ied in this neighborhood, in 210 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Hayden school-house. She was born in County Cavan, Ireland, March 17, 1836, came to America with her brother, and worked in one family in New Jersey for seven years. Their union has been blessed with ten chil- dren, and although they have had much sick- ness in their family their children are all living. All have received a' good education and five of them are married and settled in life. Mrs. Sichler has been a helpmate to her husband in more ways than one. During the dark days of the civil war she would take her child in the crib and go to the field and work there all day and half of the night. They have met many obstacles, but by industry and economy have accumulated a nice little for- tune. Their farm, consisting of 300 acres, is located two miles west and one north of Alma Centre. Mr. Sichler makes a specialty of raising stock. The family are members of the Catholic Church. IHARLES G. POPPE, of section 2, Withee Township, was born near Frank- fort on the Oder, Prussia, October 17, 1857, the son of John G. Poppe, of this town. The latter brought his family to Perth County, Canada, in August, 1861, then to Huron County, same country, in 1869, and next to this county, in the fall of 1877. Charles G., our subject, came to Clark County, in December, 1876, where he worked for Joe Gibson in the pineries the first and second winter and for Mead and Prentice during the summers. He has worked in the woods every winter except the last two, since he came to this county, and previous to 1890 he worked for himself. He then rented a farm of B. J. Brown one year, and in June, 1885, settled on his present place of eighty acres, ten of which is cleared. Mr. Poppe has been Assessor for the past two years, and also held the same office several years ago. He was married December 11, 1880, to Cynthia C. Carpenter, born in Chemung Township, McHenry County, Illinois, Decem- ber 31, 1856, the daughter of David Carpen- ter, deceased. She came with her parents to Black River Falls when an infant, where she was reared and educated. She then came with her parents to this county, in 1872, where she began teaching school at the age se^'enteen years. She taught the first school in the district south of their residence, now District No. 2, this township, having followed this occupation fourteen terms. Mr. and Mrs. Poppe have two children: Elsie May, born December 20, 1881, and Violet Ernstine, April 11, 1889. ''♦■" ^ • ? " S « •>'■■-■ - fOHN G. KLOPF, wholesale liquor dealer, Neillsville, Wisconsin, was born in Germany, September 22, 1830. He came to America with his parents in 1846. His father had some means and settled in Brooklyn, New York, his family consistino- of two sons and one daughter. Ho was a stone-cutter in the old country and his trade was adopted by his two sons. In 1855 John came to Wisconsin and located in Sheboygan County, becoming one of the early pioneers of that place. At first he purchased forty acres of land, which he cleared and to which he 8ul)sequently added forty acres more. This he developed into a good farm and remained on it until 1871. In 1874 he removed to Clark County and en- gaged in his present business. By tair dealing he has gained an extensive acquaintance tiiroughout the county and has a libera! pat- ronage. Mr. Klopf has beeti twice married. His CLARK AND JACKSON COUJSriES. 211 lii-st wife, a native of New York, lie wedded in 1858. By her he had eight cliildren, four of whom are livintr, all having received good educational advantajres. The maiden name of his present wife was Nancy Argrave. One of his sons, John A., is engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, owns a good farm and has a family of six children. Politically Mr. Klopf athliates with the Democratic party. The family are members of the Lutheran C!h\irch. ■" ' * a ' « S * ■ '■" ^ENRY J. FESSENDEN, the book- keeper and chief clerk in the store of the Sterling LumberCompany, Sterling, Wisconsin, was born in Boston, Massachu- setts, April G, 1822, the son of Timothy (de- ceased) and Angeline (Robley) Fessenden, the former a native of Ilaverliill, Massachu- setts, and the latter a resident of Montpelier, Vermont. The father was a blacksmith and machinist by trade, and worked many years in Boston; the mother was a daughter of Richard Robley, a Revolutionary soldier, who was first in the British army, but afterward deserted and joined the American side. The parents had nine children, seven of whom still survive, namely: Louise, Angeline, Lucy, IJenry, Sarah, Nancy and Francis. One son, George, died after reaching maturity, leaving a family. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Boston, wherc^ he first learned the blacksmith's trade, but was forced to abandon it on account of ill health. He next learned the carriage and wagon -maker's trade, at which he worked six years, and then taught vocal and instrumental music several years in Hancock County, Illinois, making his home in Carthage, lie went to tiie lat- ter State in 1838, settling first in (Treene County; thence to Griggsville, Pike County, in 1839; in 1845 to Columbus, Adams Coun- ty; in October, 1850, to Hancock Count) ; in 185-1, to Carthage, same county. lie was a soldier in the late war, in Company D, Six- teenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served from May 24, 18G1, until May 8, 18G2, when he was discharged by special field order, having been detailed leader of the Sixteenth Illinois Regimental Band. ' He re-enlisted August 15, 1862, and served until August 3, 1863, when he was discharged for disability. He participated in the battles of Port Gib- son, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge and Vicksburg. After the war Mr. Fessenden returned to Carthage, and in Octt)ber. 1863, came to La Crosse County, Wisconsin, set- tling in West Salem, where he clerked in a store and also worked at the carriage-maker's trade until 1871. He next removed to Birm- ingham, Marshall County, Kentucky, in 1874 to this county, in February, 1875, to Union City, Tennessee, next to Osborne County, Kansas, and in 1881 to Clark County, where he has since lived on the old Ean Claire Lumber Company's farm until in April, 1883. In that year he came to Sterling and took charge of the store and books of the Eau Claire Lumber Company, and was retained by the Sterling Lumber Company when they took charge of the business in March. 1888. Mr. Fessenden was married in Columbus, Adams County, Illinois, November 17, 1846, to Minerva Ann Nance, who was boi-n near New Albany, Indiana, the daughter of Will- iam Nance, deceased. They have had seven children, four now living, — Emma, the wife of II. O. Pi.xley, of Covert, Kansas; Ella A., wife of Joe Sterling, a member of the firm of the Sterling Lumber Company; Eva G., now Mrs. J. B. Swift, of Chicago; and George E., of Thorp, this county, who mar- ried Amanda E. Shoup, of Loyal, this county. 213 BIOGRAPHICAL niSTORT OF Socially Mr. Fessenden is a meinber of the I. O. O. F and G. A. R. fraternities, politi- cally a Eepublican and religiously Mrs. Fess- enden is a member of the Christian Church. ' ■g - 3 .' r - > i^ATT KAPELLEJSI, a boot and shoe St) merchant of Neillsville, was born in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Octo- ber 27, 1857. His parents, Anton and Ag- nes Kapellen, natives of Germany, located in Sheboygan County, in 1857. The father purchased a tract of wild land, which, by the expenditure of much time and hard labor, he developed into a fine farm. His lack of money was overbalanced liy his German thrift, and prosperity attended his efforts. He and bis wife reared a family of six children. His son, the subject of this sketch, was educated in Sheboygan County, and at the age of four- teen years began to provide for himself. Some twelve years ago he was married in his native county, to Caroline Millenger, by whom he has two children. Her father was a native of Tennessee. Mr. Kapellen came to Clark County nine years ago and engaged in the boot and shoe business. He has estab- lished a lucrative trade here, and is ranked among the prominent business men of Neills- ville. SREDERICK J. SHELDON, of section 27, township 28, range 2 west, Hixton Township, Clark County, was born in Onondaga County, New York, October 16, 1839, the son of Frederick Sheldon (deceased) a native of Connecticut. The father, a cooper and farmer by occupation, emigrated to Dear- born Township, Wayne County, Michigan, settling fourteen miles west of Detroit, where Frederick lived until alter the war. He served in that struggle, in Company B, Second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, three years, and was in all the battles from First Uull Run to that of the Wilderness and North Anna, including Spottsylvania Court House, second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Manassas Junction, Vicksburg, Jackson, Knoxville and others. His regiment made a charire on a redout at Knoxville, and lost ninety-six men in fifteen minutes! They participated in twenty-five battles and many skirmishes, Mr. Sheldon having served in all but one. He was wounded in the face at Knoxville. After the war, in July, 1865, he entered the United States employ as carpenter, and worked at Nashville, Tennessee, eleven months, or until June, 1865, when he returned to Michi- gan. He lived in Dearborn until July, 1867, when he went to Fulton, Illinois, and De- cember 10 of the same year to Big Falls on Popple River, this county, settling one and one-half miles southwest of Longwood, where has since resided. The first winter he was engaged in the pineries, and in July, 1868, he brought his family to this county, taking a homestead on the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 27, Eaton Town- ship, now Hixton. He still owns 160 acres of this tract, fifty of which is cleared. Mr. Sheldon was married at Sagiuaw, Michigan, November 18, 1864, to Ellen E., Clark, daughter of Brenton Clark, of Wheat- land, Michigan. They had six children, four of whom survive: Willie A., Alhertis, Frank L. and Nancy M. The eldest son is married and lives in White Sulphur Springs, Montana. The. mother died September 22, 1888; she was a faithful Christian woman, an affectionate wife and tender mother. Mr. Sheldon has held the oflice of Justice of the Peace three years. School Clerk many years. CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 213 and Town Treasurer six years. lie is a member of the G. A. \\. and I. (). (). F. fra- ternities. fAMES RICHMOND, M. 1)., lias been engaged in the practice of his profes- sion in Black River Falls ever since Oc- tober, 1887. He was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, January 15, 1858, and is a son of John Richinond, a native of Leeds, England; the father einip^rated to tiiis country when he was twenty-two years of age, and settled near Canton, New York. There he married Margaret Hoy, a native of Dublin, Ireland; he was a farmer by occu- pation, and continued to live in St. Lawrence County until his death, which occurred in September, 1866; his widow still survives, and resides in Isabella County, Michigan, with her son. Dr. P. E. Richinond. James is the youngest of eleven children, ten of whom are sons; at the age of fifteen years he went West with his brother. Dr. P. E. Richmond, who is a graduate of the Mc- Gill Medical College, Montreal; he remained with his brother in the State of Michigan nn- til the fall of 1875; he had been attending school, and in the spring of 1875 was en- gaged in teaching; he then went to Trem- pealeau County, Wisconsin, and entered the high school at Galesville, of which his brother, Stephen Richmond, was then i)rinci- pal; he was graduated from this school in 1877, and the following year betook a course of study at the University of Galesville. For several years he was engaged in the profes- sion of teaching, but all this time he was con- templating the study of medicine, and finally abandoned the school-i-oom and turned his attention exclusively to the pursuit of this science. In the year 1885 he entered the College of Physiciatis and Surgeons in Chi- cago; he was graduated from this institution in 1887, and located immediately afterward at Black River Falls; he has always been an in- dustrit)us student, and although he has been a resident of Black liiver Falls a compara- tively brief period, he has acquired the repu- tation of a careful and skillful physician. Dr. Richmond was united in marriage, in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, to Miss Maggie Carpenter, a daughtei- of Henry Carpenter, an early settler in the town of Preston; one child has been born of this union: Lorana. ■.-^|. ; .. ; .g. . EORGE C. ANDREWS, a blacksn.ith of Greenwood, was bom near Smith's '^ Falls, Ontario, December 3, 1830, the son of Elkana (deceased) and Elizabeth (Hut- ton) Andrews, the father a native of Now York, and of English ancestry, and the mother was of Scotch parentage. George C. was reared to farm life and educated in the com- mon schools, and also learned the trade of blacksmith when a boy, which he followed twenty-four years in his native country. In 1871 he came to Wisconsin, settlimr in Greenwood, where he has since been eno-ao-ed at his trade. Previous to this, however he spent the winter of 1858-'59 in this State just across the river from where Greenwood now stands, the present town site beino- then covered with a heavy growth of sugar trees. During the spring of 1859 he was engaged in making sugar near the main street, and also drove logs from Poplar River to La Crosse, after which he returned to Ontario. Dur- ing the winter of 1871-'72 he worked many nights until after midnight, and has shod as high as fifty yoke of oxen in one year. He 2U BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF owns 160 acres of land, besides his large shop and residence in Greenwood. Mr. Andrews was married about thirty live years ago, to Lorinda Chanil)erlin, and tliey Lave had nine children, seven now liv- ing: Elizabeth, Gelia, Flora, J. Sheldon, George B., Effie P>. and Lillie. Elizabeth married Erastus Bowen, of Columbus, Wis- consin, and has two children: Rose and Grace. Gelia married Dr. Thomas, of Greenwood; Flora married Ralph Hall, the photographer and painter at Greenwood, and has one child, George. Mr. Andrews is a local minister in tiie Methodist Episcopal Church; socially, he is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge, and politically a Prohibitionist, but votes for principles and men. jBNER D. PULLEYS, a prominent citi- zen of Jackson County, was born in in Washington County, Maine, May 3, 1850, the son of William H. Polleys, who was born near Halifax, Colchester County, Novia Scotia, May 18, 1824. In 1841 he came to Washington County, Maine, and in 1856 to Jackson County, Wisconsin. At one time he owned about 1,200 acres of land in this county, but has since sold a considerable portion, and invested the money in lands in different parts of the country. He owns property in Florida, Georgia and also in La Crosse. His residence is one of the finest and best improved places m Melrose. He is also interested in a mill at La Crosse. Politically he is a Democrat. His father, AbnerPolleys, was born at Bridge Hill, Massa- chusetts, in the year 1786, and subseciuently came to Dodge County, where lie died at the age of sixty-six years. He was a farmer by occupation, and a very prominent man in his lifetime. Our subject's mother, nee Doro- thy A. Woodcock, was born in Washington County, Maine, in 1829, and died in Jackson County, Wisconsin, at the age of fifty-eight years. She was a daughter of Dexter and Jane (Hovey) Woodcock, both natives of Maine. The father was a prominent manu- facturer and dealer in boots and siioes. Mr. and Mrs. Polleys had four children, namely: William E., Edgar H., Abner D. and Frank O., all of whom are still living. Abner D., their third child, was reared in Melrose, Jackson County, and completed his education in the high scliool at Black River Falls. In 1876 he went to La Crosse, where he was employed as book-keeper in his father's mill until 1880. In that year he returned to Jackson County, and engaged in fanning un- til 1887, when he was elected Town Clerk of Melrose, which position ho now holds, hav- ing been elected by a unanimous vote. He is now giving considerable attention to the raising of fine-breed cattle, horses, pigs and sheep. He averages about twenty five head of cattle, twenty horses, 150 sheep and twenty- five hogs. Politically he is a Prohibitionist, and socially a member of the 1. O. O. F. fra- ternity. No. 300, Melrose, and is also a mem- ber of the Good Templars lodge, No. 220. RNST R. POPPE, of section 20, Hixton Township, Clark County, was born in Hohengrab, Kreis Soldin, Reg. Bezirk, Frankfort-on-tiie-Oder, Prussia, April 25, 1828, the son of John G. Poppe, who died when Ernst was but two years old. The latter learned the cabinet-maker's trade in the old country, at which he worked for twenty years, and then served four years in the German army during the Polish rebellion of 1848. He removed to County Perth, Upper Caiiada, in 1857, where he worked at the CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 2:5 carpeiiter'.s trade in the suiniiiers aiuJ thecal>- inet-inaker's trade in winters until 1874. In that year he came to Wisconsin, spent tliree months in Shel)oygan County, and in Au- gust of tlie same year came to this county, settling in Greenwood. In October lie came to liis present farm of 320 acres, over si.xty of wiiich he has since cleared. His nearest neighbor at that time was Joe Gibson, three miles distant. Besides his general farmino-, he has also worked at the carpenter's trade, and has l)uilt most of the barns and fiame houses in his neiLrhborhood. Mr. Poppo was married in Kollin, Province of Jirandenburg, November 23, 1854, to Louise Lau, a daiighter of Frederick Lau, a narive of Canada. They had five children: Gnstav B., Frederick, Elizabeth and Augusta (twins) and Ernst G. The motlier died in the spring of 1866, and Mr. Poppe was again mar- ried, October 8, 1860, to Barbara Elizabeth Hassenpflug, a daughter of Johan Hassen- ptiug, deceased. They had nine children, six of whom are now living, viz.: William, Wil- helminie, Albert, Charles, Henry and Matilda. Mr. Poppe was a meml)er of the Town Board four years, has been a member of the School Board several years, and is now servincr as School Treasurer. lie is a member of the Lutheran Church. ,/il^EOKGE MEEK, mail contractor and stageman from Witliee to Greenwood, was born in Macomb County, Michi- igan, April 3, 1830, the son of Andrew and Margaret Meek, the former a native of Penn- sylvania, and the latter of Ohio. They had seven children, five now living: George, John, Kate, Alexander and J. Thomas. George came with his parents to Itock County, Wis- consin, in IS37, where they settled on afarm. anaiik and George. I^.ENRY C. PETERS, photographer and artist, has been identified with the in- terests of Neillsville since 1888, at which time he succeeded W. H. Drake in his profession. This line of work is also ably represented by Miss Mattie Schuster, who has been located in Neillsville for a number of years. She is a competent photographer, and furnishes another example of what woman's wit may accomplish when she turns her attention to any special branch. Mr. Peters was born at West Rend, Wash- ington County, Wisconsin, in 1867, and is a son of Henry Peters, deceased, who was a pioneer of the county, having settled there in 1818; the mother is still living; there were four children born to Henry Peters and wife, two sons and two daughters; the eldest son, William Peters, is a merchant of West Bend; Sophia is the wife of A. Harms, a merchant at Wentworth, South Dakota; the younger daughter, Minnie, is still at home. Henry C. was reared amid the scenes of his birth, and began the study of the art which he has since pursued, at the age of nineteen years; two years previous to his coming to Neillsville he was employed in one CLAUK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 217 of tl)e ]oMranch, Canada West; she is now tieceased. The parents had three children: Arabella (deceased), John B. and William. The latter still resides in Cornwall. John W. spent the first seventeen yeai's of his life in his native country, where 232 BIOORAPHICAL HISTORY OF he received a common-scliool education. He came to the United States in 1869, and at once joined Dan Rice's circus, and remained with that company two years, traveling through Ohio, Indiana, New York and Pennsylvania. He left the show at Girard, Pennsylvania, and went to Waterford, same State, where he worked on a farm a few months for Channcey Moore, who afterward employed him in his lumber woods at Bene- zett, where he remained until the following spring. He next became second cook of the camp, and during the early part of 1870 came to Wisconsin, where he became cook for Cornelius Cook, of Stevens' Point, on a raft down the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. During the latter part of the same season he worked on the Wisconsin Valley Railroad, and also drove a team in the woods on South Fork. The next winter Mr. Clark went to Eau Claire, and toted up to the North Fork of Eau Claire River, for the Eau Claire Lumber Company. He has cooked several winters in the camps, and on the drives during the summers. He settled on his present farm of eighty acres in the early part of 1878, which was then inhabited by Indians and wild animals, but he has since succeeded in clearing thirty-eigiit acres. During the year 1890 he raised at the rate of 050 bushels of potatoes to the acre, paying $6.25 for the seed, and is now receiving $1 a bushel at his home. He raises several kinds of mangels, etc., having the largest and best varieties of each ; his Empire State potatoes weigh seventy pounds to the bushel. Mr. Clark is a first-class farmer, and believes in having the best of everything. He also raises Cotswold and Southdown sheep, crossed with Shropshire; graded Holstein and short- horn cattle, and his ])oultry are of speckled Hamburg, Partridge Cochins and Light P)rahnuis. Mr. Clark was married in Thorp, March 6, 1882, to Ada A. Kelley, a daughter of Will- iam Kelley, of Chippewa County, Wisconsin. They were early pioneers of this city, having lived among the bears and Indians, far from human habitation, but afterward removed to their present home. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have four children: Hattie M., AdaG., Mar- garet Myrtle and John W. Both he and his wife are Christians, Init do not affiliate with any church at present. ASPER A. KRUPP, superintendent and general manager of the mills of Nye, Lusk & Hudson, of Eidsvold,and a resident of section 28, Thorp Township, Clark County, was born in New Plolstein, Calumet County, Wisconsin, October 12, 1858, the son of John and Clara (Filz) Krupp, both natives of Prussia. The father came to the United States in 1852, settling in Wisconsin, where he lived with an uncle near Milwaukee. He now resides in Calu- met County. The mother had five children by a former marriage, only one of whom survives — Bernhard Broeder. Casper A., our subject, was reared to farm life, and was educated in the elementary schools and State Normal School of Oshkosh. He afterward taught eleven years — six in Calumet County, two in Sheboygan County, and three in this county. He came to Clark County in the fall of 1884, and first lived in Thorp until December, 1889, when he re- moved to Eidsvold. He was first engaged in scaling logs for the company, and April 1 entered upon the duties of iiis present posi- tion. He was married in Thorp, October 11, 1888, to Johanna L. Tiedemann, a daughter of Christian Tiedemann, County Surveyor at Thorp. Mr. and Mrs. Krupp have one child, CLARK AND JACKSON COirNTIES. 32K Raymond C, born July 2, 1889. Mr. Krnpp has served as Justice of tlie Peace several years, and is now Town Clerk of Thorp and Postmaster of Eidsvold. lie is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, and also of the Catholic Church. His wife is a mem- ber of the Lutheran Church. •-5W5-" 1^1 RAM GRIFFIN, a successful farmer of Jackson County, was born in Erie County, New York, June 22, 1823, the son of James W. Griffin, who was born in Dutchess County, New York, in 1787. In 1839 he went to Cass County, Michigan, two years later to Columbia County, Wisconsin, and subsequently moved to Iowa, where he died at the age of eighty-six years. He was a quiet and promiuent man, and took an active part in the Democratic party. He was a member of the Masonic order. Our sub- ject's mother, Katherine (Abbott) Griffin, was born in Dutchess County, New York, the daughter of Jonathan Abbott, a native of New York, and of Irish extraction. He moved to Cass County, Michigan, where he afterward died. He was a farmer by occupa- tion. Mr. and Mrs. Griffin had six children: Rachel, George W., Obadiah, Jonathan A., Ira and Hiram, of whom Ira and Hiram are now living. The subject of this sketch, the sixth child, was reared and educated in Cass County, Michigan. In 1859 he went to Placerviile, which was at that time called Hangtown, California, and followed farming at that place and also in ditferont parts of the State. In 1854 he came to Columbia County, Wiscon- sin, where he remaineil until 1857, in which year he came to Jackson County and located at Melrose. He now owns 120 acres in sec- tions 9 and 10, bis residence being in tiie former. He gives considerable attention to the raising of graded stock in addition to general farming. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. Mr. Griffin was married Deceml»er 27, 1855, to Clarinda H. Warden, who was born in AYyoming County, New York, December 17, 1833, the daughter of Stephen and Mercy (Iliggins) Warden, both natives of New York. The mother was of English extrac- tion, and the father of Scotch. Mr. and Mrs. Griffin have had five children: Ellen, Henry, William, Levi and Effie, all of whom are still liviner. mUDWIG PETERS, a protninent farmer H^ of Jackson County, was born in Maken- W burg, Germany, February 3, 1816, the son of John Peters, who was born in the same part of Germany, where he died at the age of fifty-seven years. He was a wao-on- maker by trade, and was a member of the Lutheran Church. Our sui)ject's mother, Mary (Tobine) Peters, was also born in Ger- many, where she died at the age of fifty-five years. She was a member of the Lutheran Church. They wore the parents of three children: Ludvvig, Caroline and John. The latter died at the age of fifteen months. Our subject, their eldest child, was encao-ed at the wagon-maker's trade in his native coun- try until 1851, when he camo to the United States, locating at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He remained there until December 11, 1856, when he came to, Jackson County, where he owus 106 acres of land in section 22, and carries on general farming and stock-raisinw. He is a Democrat in his political views, and has held a number of public offices, lie is a member of the I. O. O. F. fraternity, No. 291, at North Bend. 234 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Mr. Peters has been married four times, the last to Mena Rahn, in 1844, who died at the age of sixty years, at Meh-ose. lie has four children living, namely: Augusta, Ma- thilda, Mina and Henry. (LIAS M. HOLDEN, of NeillsviUe, was born in Jay, Essex County, New York, December 6, 1836, the son of Levi and Ann (McGill) Holden, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of England. They had six children, of whom only three survive. The mother, a native also of Eng- land, was a daughter of a Scotch- Irishman, and the father of our subject descended from Joseph Ilolden, who ' came from Ipswich, England, in 1634. Levi Holden died when our subject was six years old. Elias M. re- ceived a limited education in his native town, and at the age of twelve years was thrown upon his own resources, after which he sup- ported himself by working on a farm. At the age of sixteen years he went to live with an older brother, and learned the trade of house and carriage painting in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. In 1857, at twenty-one years of age, he came to Wisconsin, where he has since remained, having spent eleven years in Jackson County and the remainder of the time in Clark County. He worked eleven winters in the logging camps on Black River, and farmed during the summers, the most of the time on his own farms. He was married August 21, 1861, to Mar garet Hyslop, who was born and educated in Nova Scotia; her parents came from Scot- land. They have no children of their own, but adopted Ella A. Bour, Mr. Holden's sis- ter's daughter, at six years of age. She is now the wife of John N. Richardson, to whom she was married in 1882. They have a happy family of three boys and two girls, and live on a farm in the town of Weston, six miles from NeillsviUe. Mr. and Mrs. Holden worked hard on a farm until eight years ago, when they sold out and built a house in NeillsviUe, where they expect to spend the remainder of their lives. They have means saved from former years. Mr. Holden had two brothers in the late war, who enlisted in 1862, and one was killed in the battle of the Wilderness, and the other escaped without injury, being discharged March 4, 1865. Mr. Holden came out of the logging camps and enlisted under Cap- tain O. F. Waller, and at that time weighed 175 pounds, but when discharged from the hospital, in October, 1865, was reduced to 121 pounds. Coming North saved his life, but the army life cost him his health. He now belongs to the G. A. R. post at Neills- viUe. He has been a Rej^ublican all his life, and is a believer in the Bennett school law. He also believes this to be the best nation in the world, and Wisconsin one of the best States, and no man need want that will work and save his earnings. •°^" ^ * S " S ' ^ ""^ HEODORE La BUDDE, NeillsviUe, Wisconsin, was born in Germany, Ue- W cembor 25, 1851, and came to America with his father in 1858. His father settled at Plymouth, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, becoming one of the pioneer farmers of that place. He had a family of live children, all of whom are living. At the age of twenty- one years Theodore started out in life for himself, and since that time has been vari- ously employed. February 10, 1877, he was united in marriage with Sarah Bringelson, a native of Plymouth, Sheboygan County, Wis- consin. Four daughters have been born to CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTlE-i. 335 them. Mr. La Budde is a lueinher of the K. of II. and tlie K. of P. tW. GALLAIIER.— Among tlie enter- prising citizens of Neillsvilie, Wiscon- * s^iii.we find the ifentleman wliosenaine heads this sketch, an " I ; » 2 * * S * S ** ' " — NDREW PETERSON, of section 10, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Central Norway, June 12, 1846, a son of Peter Olson (deceased), a na- tive of the same country, who came to the United States in 1872. He was born in 1801, and died in 1885. Our subject's mother, nee Mary Olson, was also born in Norway, in 1804, and died in Greenwood prior to her husband's death. They were the parents of five children: Elias, Ole, Hannah, Carl (deceased) and Andrew. The subject of this sketch came to the United States in 1868, stopping the first summer in Black River Falls, but in Octo- ber of the same year removed to Neillsville, where he remained fifteen years, engaged at the shoemaker's trade. He came to his pres- ent farm of sixtj-one acres in 1883, and has since cleared thirty acres. He has one of the best farms in the county, the soil being of a sandy loam, which produce immense crops. Mr. Peterson was married June 11, 1870, to Olive Isaacson, who was born in Norway, the daughter of Isaac Isaacson, deceased. Of their six children, four are still living: Maria, Albert, Edward and Isabelle. Maria is now teacliing in the town of Withee, two miles west of Withee Station. The mother CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 231 died Aiiu-ust 'i, 1879, ami hotii slie and lier husband were loeiabers uf tlie Lutheran Churcli Politically Mr. Peterson is a Ue- publican, and has also been an active mem- ber of tlie 1. O. O. F., in both the subordi- nate and encampment lodges, for many years. lie became identified with the subordinate lodoe at Neillsville in the winter of 1871- '72, and has been an active member ever since, liaving transferred his nieinbership to Greenwood in the summer of 1890. — ' "1 ' 2 1' S ' I" "- ^ARTIN MATHISON, of section 12, Eaton Townsliip, Clark County, was born in Norway, October 29, 1838, the son of Arnohl Mathison, de- ceased, a native of the same country. lie was a seafaring man, and was lost at sea when our subject was three months old. lie was reared and educated in the city of Trondhjem, where he learned and followed the ])otter's trade. In 1861 he came to Can- ada, remaining until the fall of 1862, when he went to Manistee County, Michigan, an Caroline Sewaldson, a native of Norway, and they have six children: Mary C, Annie, Henry, John C, Benjamin and Albert. Mary was married to Wilbert Stoneburner, of this city, and has four children: Inez, IJertha, Harry and Elsie. Mr. Mathison was Postmaster of Loyal, and is now a Di- rector of the School Board of this city. Re- ligiously he is a member of the Lutheran Church, and politically a Republican. lOBERT DOUGLAS, a farmer of Jack- lA\i ®*^" Connty, was born in Kirkcudbright- shire, Scotland, August 30, 1815, the son of Thomas Douglas, who was also born in Scotland, in the year 1787. In 1844 he came to this country, locating in Jackson County. Wisconsin, where the town of Mel- rose now is. He was a cattle-buyer by occu- pation. He subsequently went to Clark County, this State, where he died at about the age of sixty-five years. His father was also born in Scotland, and died there at the age of 100 years. He was a farmer by occu- pation, and was a very prominent man. Our subject's mother, Jane (Dalryple) Douglas, was born in Scotland in 1787, and died there at an advanced age. They were the parents of eleven children, viz.: John, James, Will- iam, Jane, Robert, Hugh, Thomas, Isaljella, David, George and Mark. All are deceased but William, Robert, Hugh and Mark. The subject of this sketch, the fifth child, was reared and educated in his native coun- try. In 1837 he came to the United States, locating in Jackson County, Wisconsin, in the spring of 1840, and at that time he and Jacob Spaulding were the only white men in the county. In 1842 he built a saw-mill, which proved a failure on account of not having sutticient water-power. In the fall of the same year he took a claim at North Bend, and also built a mill there, using the machinery in the old mill. With his brotlusr Thomas, and brother-in-law, Jason Walker, he ran tliis mill until 1854, wlmn Mr. Doug- 233 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOIiT OF las sold his interest to liis brotlier Tlioinas. When he tirstcame to this county Mr. Dong- las took up 1,100 acres of land in Melrose, and after selling the tnill he went back to this land. lie furnislied the material for a steamboat, which he ran about three years, and again went to Iiis farm, where he has since remained. lie now owns 300 acres in sections 17 and 20. lie received his natural- ization papers in 1840; politically he is a Republican. He joined the Methodist Epis- copal Church in 1840. He was married in September, 1852, to Louisa Hurd,who was born in Vermont, and died in Melrose, Jackson County, Wisconsin, at the age of sixty-one years. She was a daughter of Norman Hurd, also a native of Vermont, who came to Jackson County in 1855, where he died at the age of sixty-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas had seven children, two of whom are now living — John and Archibald. In 1868 he was married to Mrs. Mary Pardun, by whom he had one child — Mary J. ' ?"!• FRED SCHMIDT, a farmer of section 27, Mayville Township, was born iu '.® Germany, March 14, 1848, the son of August Schmidt, deceased. The father brought his family to the United States in 1853, settling in the town of Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the dense woods, among Indians and wild ani- mals. He cleared a good I'arm, but in 1877 removed to Winnebago County, where he died the next year. The parents had six children: Fred, Christian, William, August, Adolline and Fredrica. All live in Clark County, except Christian, who resides in Sheboygan City. The sul)ject of tliis sketch was reai'ed on a farm, and received a common-school educa- tion. Pie came to this county in 1880, and settled on his present farm of eighty acres, on the northeast corner of section 27, and has since cleared twenty-eight acres. He has been a member of the Side Board two years, and is now chairman of the same. He is a member of the Evangelical Association at Dorchester. Mr. Schmidt was married De- cember 23. 1872, to Ida Colberg, a daughter of Christian Colberg, of Sheboygan County. Of their six children four survive: William, Charles, Bertha and Elsie. ►>^f- ffOSEPH RINGROSE. — Prominent ; among the early pioneers of Jackson County we find the name that heads this sketcii. Mr. Ringrose has been a resi- dent of Wisconsin for forty years, has been an eye-witness to the many changes that have taken place here, and is loaded with many pleasing reminiscences connected with the early settlement of this country. He first located in Merton, Waukesha County, in 1850, and remained there four years and a half. He has always been of an industri- ous nature, was variously employed at differ- ent places, and although he received small wages, he saved what he made, and by the time he came to Jackson County, in 1855, he had $500. He then located on the farm where he now lives, in section 11, Garden Valley Township. At the time he settled here they had to go forty or fifty miles to Sparta for a good market: there was no grist mill nearer than twelve miles, and deer and other wild game were plenty. Mr. Ringrose built the house in which he now lives. He states that when he first went to housekeep- ing they had but one bed. Many were the obstacles they had to encounter in those CLMiK AND JA0K80N COUNTIES. 33a days, but they met them bravely, overcoming them ill true pioneer style, and are now on- joying the fruits of their labor. Mr. Uinir- rose's parents both died in England. Mr. Uingrose was born in Yorkshin^ Eng- land, May 17, 1828. November 16, 185G, he was united in marriage with JancTurnell, daughter of Thomas Turnell. Her parents both died in Garden Valley. To this worthy eou])le nine children have been born. All have been well educated, three having at- tended college after finishing the common schools. Two of the children are married, one of whom resides in Milwaukee. Mr. liingrose has been Treasurer of the School BoarcJ for nine year.s, and has also served as School Director. fKOKGE RALSTON, a prominent farm- er ot Jackson County, was born in Sullivan County, New York, April 20, 18-12, the son of Archibald Kalston, who was born in Rensselaer County, same State, in 1807, and died in Sullivan County, at the ago of seventy-three years. He was a farmer by occupation. In the early days he was a Whig, Itut afterward became a Democrat. Our subject's mother, nee Elizabeth Mc- Naughton, was Iiorn in Rensselaer County, New York, in 1809, and died in Sullivan County, at the age of sixty-two years. They were both members of the Methodist Ejtisco- pal Church. They were the parents of ten children, viz.: Margaret A., Douglas, John II., Martha J., David S., Geoi'ge, James A., Mary E., Seth and Harriet, live (jf whom are still living: Margaret A., John II., Martha J., George and Harriet. George Ralston, our subject, the sixth child, was reared and educateil on a farm in Sullivan County, New York. He enlisted at Monticello, in the late war, as a private in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-third New York Infantry, and participated in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mount- ain, Rentonville, and many minor engage- ments. He was honorably discharged at Hart's Island, New York, July 25, 1865. After the war he returned to Sullivan County, where he followed farming and lumbering until 1872, w'hen he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin. He owns ninety acres of farm land and fifty acres of timber, in section 18, where he gives considerable attention to rais- ing blooded horses in addition to general farming. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post, No. 161, at Melrose, and is also a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Ralston was married May 24, 1867, to Mary Hunt, who was born in Sullivan Coun- ty, New York, August 7, 1833, the daughter of Jacob and Nellie (Wyncoop) Hunt, natives of New York. Tlie father was a carpenter by trade, and died in Pennsylvania, at the age of eighty-one years. The mother died in Sullivan County, at the age of thirty-nine years. Mrs. Mary (Hunt) Ralston is one of a family of eleven children, three sisters and seven brotluu-s, nine of whom are still living. Five of her brothers enlisted in the Union army: Reuben, in the Fifty-sixth New York, and served four years: John and Abram C. in the One Hundred and Forty-third New York, and served each three years; Francis in the One Hundred and Forty-f(jurth New York, and served two years; and Jacob, also in the One Hundred and Forty-fourth and served one year, participating in a great many hard-fought baatles. Mrs. Ralston is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Melrose. Mr. and Mrs. Ralston have foui' children : Douglas, born April 3, 18()8; John, born June Hi, 1871; Clara, born Sep- 234 BIOGRAPHICAL HlSTOSy OF tember 21, 1873, and Addison, born Decem- ber 5, 1876. rilOMAS V. CARLETON, of Neills- ville, was born in Waldo County, Maine, January 14, 1820, the son of Levi (deceased) and Abigail (Colben) Carle- ton. The father was a soldier in the army in the war of 1812. His father and brother, Jonathan and John Carleton, came to the United States during the Revolutionary war, and participated in that struggle on the American side, while another brother. Colo- nel Carleton, commanded a regiment in the British army, and surrendered with Corn- wallis at "Vorktown. Mr. and Mrs. Carleton had four sons and two daughters, three of whom survive: Thomas, our subject; George, of Los Angeles; and Adaline, now Mrs. Hutchinson, of Rockford, Illinois. At the age of tifteen the subject of this sketch went to Aroostook, Maine, and during the war helped build a fort for General Scott. In 1846 the family removed to She- boygan County, Wisconsin, and settled in Linden Township, and the same year Mr. Carleton went as a volunteer soldier in the Mexican war, in Company C, First Massa- chusetts Volunteer infantry, under Colonel Wright. He participated in the battles of Ruena Vista, Contreras, Churubusco, Te- hultepec and Molino del Rey, and helped capture the city of Mexico. After the war Mr. Carleton came to Sheboygan County, and worked in the llouring-millb there until 1861, when he entered the employ of the United States as recruiting officer, and raised four companies. In 1868 he removed to Al- gona, Iowa, where he was engaged as chief miller in a flouring- mill until 1871, and in that year came to Neillsville. Here he was first engaged in milling, but failing health caused him to retire, and since that time has held the office of janitor of the North Side public school in this city; he also draws a pension . Mr. Carleton was married July 4, 1849, to Aurilla, daughter of Henry Burgess, de- ceased. They have five children: Ellen, Henry, Charles, Clinton and Nettie. All of the children live in this county, except Clin- ton, who resides in La Crosse. While in Sheboygan County, before the war, Mr. Carleton was Captain of an independent rifle company of State troops. He is now a member of the G. A. R. and Masonic orders, and is Tyler of the latter. Mrs. Carleton is a member of the order of Rebekah and W. R. C. fOIIN B. McMillan, M. D., Mernllon Wisconsin, was born in Detroit, Michi- gan, March 27, 1860. He is a son of James and Margaret McMillan, the father a native of Scotland, and the mother of New York State. He is the second born of a family of five children. He received his edu- cation in the public schools of Detroit, and also attended the University of Toronto two years, graduating afterwards in Toronto Nor- mal School, receiving a teacher's perpetual diploma. Then he taught in the public schools of Ontario, Canada, and in a high school of that province, being engaged in that profession five years. He attended the Detroit Medical College, was elected treas- urer of the senior class, and was honored by the students of the Detroit Medical College, in 1888-'89, by being appointed president of the Literary Society. After finishing his course and receiving his diploma, he engaged in the practice of his ])rofossion in Jackso ULARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 235 County, Wisconsin. He located in Merrillon in 1889, and is rapidly acqnirino; the confi- dence of the people among whom lie has cast his lot. He has been very successful in establishing a practice here, giving his special attention to surgery. He is a mem- ber of the K. of P. Politically he is a Re- pHl>lican. ^BEN G.GOWERwas born in Somerset County, Maine, February 18, 1833. He received his education in the district schools of his native State, and when a small boy was taken from school to drive an ox team for his fsither who was engaged in logging and working in the woods. He was twenty years ohl when Iiis father died, leaving a family of fourteen children. During his life Mr. Uower was a representa- tive man in the community where he resided, lie was a strictly temperate man, was a member of the Church Board at Hartland, was a preacher of the " Christian Band," and was twice elected to the General Assembly of Maine. After the death of his father, which occurred in 1854, Eben began working for himself, and also assisted in the 8upi)ort of his mother and the children. He spent three years in the woods, on the river and in a saw-mill, after which he came west and located in Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he was employed in the woods, his first win- ter here being very severe and cold. Durino- that winter, while on Cunningham Creek in (/lark County, the ice broke through with him and he froze his feet so badly that he feai-ed it would be necessary to amputate one of them. However, the doctor said he could save the foot by taking off three toes, which he did. When he had completed the surgical operation, having done it without assistance, the doctor remarked to his patient, " You have the darndest grit of any man 1 ever saw." When he came to Jackson County, Mr. Gower had $250 that he had saved up by hard labor. Since his first winter here he has been engaged in farming. In 1862 he hought a farm, upon which he now resides. It is one-half of section 24, Garden Valley Township, and was almost a wilderness at the time of purchase. By his industry and good management it has been cleared up and developed into a fine farm. Mr. Gower was married in 1856 to Sai-ah Aim Stephens, the daughter of a Wisconsin pioneer, who settled in Marquette County and lived there until his death. She is one of a family of five children, and obtained her education in the district schools of Marquette County. Eleven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gower, eight of whom are living, all having had the benefit of good educational advantases. ^..^►^^^Ij^w-.- — UGUST F. SCHMIDT, proprietor of the Dorchester Broom-Handle Factory and Feed Mill, was born in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, February 3, 1858, the son of Augnst and Wilhelminie (Distelhorst) Schmidt, both natives of Germany, who came to this country in the early part of their married life. They had ten children, six of whom still survive, namely: FVeder- ick. Christian, William, Frederica, August and Adalvine. August F\, our subject, was reared on a farm, and received his education in the hioh school of Plymouth, Wisconsin. He engaged in farming to some extent, and also learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed 236 BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT OF about twelve years. In 1878 lie came to Dorohester, and with the exception of six montlis in 1887 spent in Taylor County, he has since resided here. In 1887 lie estab- lished his present business in the village of Chelsea, but the next year removed the plant to this city, where he has a successful trade. Mr. Schmidt was married November 25, 1877, to Eertha A. Kolberg, a daughter of Christian Kolberg, of Sheboygan Falls. Tliey have three children: Ida M., Anna A. and Sarah A. Mr. Schmidt is now serving his second term as Assessor, and is also Notary Public. Ho is a member of the Sons of Temperance and the Evangelical Association. lULLlVAN HUGOBOOM, a lumber- man, farmer and liveryman of Dor- chester, was born in Perrysburg, Catta- raugus County, New York, July 15, 1834, the son of Hosea (deceased) and Sally (Sulli- van) Ilugobooni, both natives of the State of New York. The father, a farmer and lum- berman by trade, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his father, John Hugoboom, a native of New York, was also a soldier in that war. The latter's father, a native of Germany, came to America with a brother when a young man, and both entered the Eevolutionary war on tiie American side. They perhaps never met again, as there are two distinct races of Hugobooms in the United States, whose ancestors were Revolu- tionary soldiers and came from Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Hosea Hngoboom had thirteen children, seven of whom still survive: George, PrisGiUa, Sally, Hosea, Cynthia, Sullivan and Jane. The subject of this sketch came to Han- cock, Waushara County, Wisconsin, in 1850, before the laud had been surveyed. His father took a homestead on Burr-Oak Prairie, on the Indian lands, which our sub- ject fanned eight years. He then went to Oshkosh, engaged in teaming a short time, then served as merchants' police five or six years, and also worked at different businesses at various j^oints. His brothers, five in num- ber, became soldiers in the late war, two of whom. Brown and Orren, lost their lives in the service. Henry died after leaving the army, having been Captain of a company in the One Hundred and Forty-fourth New York Volunteer Infantry, Tinder McClellan. Brown was First Lieutenant of a company in the Thirtieth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry; Orren was color-bearer in the Sixteenth Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, Company E, and lost his life in the battle of Atlanta; Hosea ' was a fife major in Company E. Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and George was also a fife major. Sullivan Hugoboom came to Dorchester in 1875, and built a large hotel called the Central House, which he conducted until in November, 1889, except three and a half years, and since that lime has directed his attention to farming and the livery business. He owns 260 acres of improved land in this county, besides village property in Dorches- ter, and 320 acres in Marathon County, seven miles east of the latter city. Mr. Hugoboom was married January 1, 1856, to Melia Woodin, who was born in Munson, Geauga County, Ohio, February 26, 1836, the daughter of Aaron G. (deceased) and Eve Syperlie. The parents had twelve chil- dren, ten of whom are now living: Jane, Caroline, William, Melia, Margaret, Seymour, Kate, George, Florence and Ann. Two sons, Timothy and Aaron, died after reaching maturity. Mr. and Mrs. Hugoboom have had four children, three now living: Eva, Flora and Kay. The deceased, Cliarley, died CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 237 when three years old. Eva inarried Elijah Swartliout, of Dorchester, and has two chil- dren, Lottie and Joseph. Flora married OrvilieVanduesen, of Phillips, Price County, Wisconsin, and has two children, Lewis and Ivan. Mr. Iliigoboom has been Justice of the Peace for two years, and politically is a Republican. ' " "fe ' ^ i ' I ' S ' " ' ■ ■ UGUSTUS IIOMSTED, the ju-esent I Postmaster, and dealer in driitrs, medi- cines, jewelry, notions, wall paper, paints, oils, etc., at Dorchester, was born in 8kowhegan, Somerset County, Maine, Julj' 11, 1840, the son of Seth W. and PLarriet (Ileald) Ilomsted, both natives of Maine. They had l)ut one child, Augustus, our sub- ject. The father, who was born in the same house as his son, was the son of an Eno-lish- man, who was brought to the United States wlien an infant. Seth Ilomsted emigrated to Wausau, Wisconsin, in 1855, thence to Stevens Point the next year, where they re- mained until alter the war. The father served in that struggle, in the First Wiscon- sin Cavalry, and was discharged at Cape Girardeau for disability. He afterward moved to Plover, Wisconsin, where he died in January, 188(3. The subject of this sketch served in the later war, in the United States navy on tiie steamer Genesee, for twenty-eight months, during which time he was in the battles of Port Hudson and Mobile Bay. He then en- listed ill Company K, Second Maine Cavalry, and served seventeen months, or until the close of the war. lie was one of the 1,100 cavalry who charged on 4,000 infantry at Pine Barren Creek, Florida, and succeeded in routing the Rebels. After the war Mr. Ilomsted clerked in a store at Stevens Point several years, where he also engaged in the merchandising business for two years. He came to Dorchester in the fall of 1877, and took a homestead just across the line in Marathon County, where he lived thirteen months. In 1878 he went to Colby and ran a hotel until the summer of 1880, then went to Unity and engaged in the same business two years, aftei' which he came to Dorchester and opened a drug store. In July, 1889, he was appointed Postmaster; has been Town Clerk four years, and also Justice of the Peace. While in Unity he held the office of Town Clerk, Circuit Court Commissioner, and in Stevens Point was City Clerk and City Treasurer. Mr. Holmsted was married, November 19, 1879, to Evalyn Ferguson, who was born in Girard, Trumbull County, Ohio, the daughter of Aaron Ferguson, deceased. They have one child, Louis E., born May 25, 1886. Mr. Ilomsted is a meml^er of the G. A. R. post, of which he was Commander six years, and is also a Knight Templar. Politically he is a Republican. — >^"H^-- fOHN SCHAFER, proprietor of the Travelers' Home, of Dorchester, was born in Dale Township, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, September 20, 1857, the son of Peter and Elizabeth (Giebel) Schafer, both natives of Germany; the former is now a general merchant of this city. Tiie parents had nine children, eigiit of whom survive: George, Caroline, John, Catharine, William, Rosa, Elizabeth and Emma. The mother subsequently died, and the fathc^r married her sister Catharine, and they had three children, ail deceased. John Schafer, our subject, was reared to farm life, and received a common-school edu- 238 BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT OP cation in his native county. He was engaged in fanning until twenty-tliree years of age, after which he ran a cheese factory a few years. He came to Dorchester in 1883, and has since made this city his home. He was married December 3, 1884, to Emma C. Spengler, a daughter of Hermann Spengler, the yiresent postmaster and merchant of Eeadtield, AVaupaca County, Wisconsin. They have one child, Erwin P., born Sep tember 17, 1887. Mr. Schafer is a member of the I. O. O. F., and politically affiliates with the Democratic party. jRSENE L. ROY, chief clerk and book- keeper for the large mercantile house of H. La Bossier, Dorchester, was born in Montreal, Canada, August 28, 1862, the son of Ligori and Mary (Foshier) Roy, both natives of Canada, and the latter of French parentage. The father, a carpenter and mill- wright by trade, emigrated to Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in 1867, where he is now working in J.J. Kennedy's mill at Rib Lake. The parents had fourteen children, all of whom are living but two, namely: Maxi- milian, Louise v., Oliver N., Georgiana, Philip, Felix, Olive, Arthur, Louis, Peter and Anna. The other two died when small. The cliildren are all at Fond du Lac except Maximilian, who resides at Marinette, Wis- consin. Arsene L., their eldest child, was educated at the high school of Fond du Lac, and also in the Commercial College of that place. He came to Dorchester in 1886, and has since occupied his present position. He is an expert accountant, and is, therefore, well fitted for his work, and gives excellent satis- faction to his employers and customers. He was married April 11, 1888, to Miss Emma M., daughter of Charles Allard, deceased, late of Dorchester. They had one child, Anna Irene, born September 22, 1890, who died November 24, 1890. >- ^ SuS ^ j^ ^* ' NDREAS F. F. JENSEN, a general merchant of Dorchester, was born in Denmark, March 15, 1839, the son of Peter D. and Severine (Nicholine) Jensen. The parents had twelve children, only two of whom still survive: Andreas and Amelia. The latter, the widow of Mr. Russell, lives in Millbank, Grant County, South Dakota. Andreas F. came to the United States in 1851, stopping iirst in New York city, where he clerked in a store until 1853, and was then engaged in farming until 1873. April 26, 1861, he enlisted in the late war, in Com- pany A, Sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and" was mustered in May 10, same year, at Baraboo, in the Sauk County Riflemen. He participated in the battles of Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Fitzburgh Crossing, Gettys- burg, Hatcher's Run, Mine Run, Gravelly Run, Five Forks, Appomattox, Wilderness, Spottsylvania and others. He was wounded at the latter battle and also at Appomattox, and now draws a pension. He was mustered out July 15, 1865. In Auciust, 1873, Mr. Jensen came to where Dorchester now stands, and built a shanty on his homestead on section 32, town- ship 30, range 1 east, Mayville Township. At that time there was no settlement at this place, it being a wild forest. In 1874 a small saw-mill was built by a Mr. Sands, which was operated a part of that season; in 1875 Mr. Evans built another mill, which was run six or seven years, when he failed, and since that time other mills have been built and operated. The first store was built by D. O. CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 239 Wiltiuore in 1874, where was kept the first stock of goods in the place; the second store was started by Mr. Benson; in April, 1876, Bonlais & La Bassies estahlished a boot and shoo store, and later put in a general stock; the first hotel was built in 1874 by Solomon Hugoboom, but it was burned in 1890. The city now contains over 400 people. Mr. Jensen engaged in his present business in 1881, where he lost what he put in by giving credit. Mrs. A. F. F. Jensen started busi- ness in 1883, with money coming to her from her mother. She owns sixty acres of land in the suburbs of Dorchester, and there are a store, dwelling, barn, ice-house, etc., on this place. Mr. Jensen was married, July 4, 1864, in Ironton, Sauk County, while home on a fur- lough, to Hnldah Small, a daughter of Joseph Small, also of Ironton. They have had four- teen children, twelve now living, namely: Joseph O., Nels, Eleanora, Khoda, Peter, Walter, Pearl, Hattie, Andrew, Frederick, Harry and Ray. Mr. Jensen was a charter member of the G. A. K. post, and has held the office of Town Supervisor one year, -Noble Grand of the Odd Fellows lodge two terms, and Secretary one term. Politically he is a liepublican. -...-. i .i t - S -.-' fACOB BAKER.— Among the successful farmers and worthy citizens of Garden Yallej' Township, Jackson County, the subject of our sketch, who resides in section 28, is deserving of more than a passing notice. He was born in Germany, December 21, 1850, and came to America with his father the following year. He received his early education in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, and remained with his parents until lie was twenty years old. At that time he went to Chicago, after the fire, and was employed on building work, assisting stone masons, for which he received $2.25 per day, and then he found employment in machine shops. Some time later he made a trip to Memphis, Ten- nessee, being engaged in steamboating, working on a boat that ran between Memphis and Louisville, Kentucky. His next employ- ment was in the coal mines of Gallatin County, Illinois, where he worked three months, after which he returned to Chicago. A year later he again located in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, where he farmed by the day for some time. In 1873 he came to Jackson County. Mr. Baker was married, December 4, 1877, in this county, to Elizabeth Sichlor. They have two children, who are now attend- ing the district schools. Mr. Baker has served as Town Clerk of Garden Valley Township two years. Politically he is a Democrat. lie is strictly a temperate man, has not tasted whisky for twenty years, and is in favor of prohibition. He has been an industrious man all his life, and is held in high esteem in the community where he resides. ►^«5- ILBERT MoADAM, of Melrose, Jack- son County, was born in Ayrshire, Scot- land, June 9, 1819, the son of John McAdam, a native of Ayrshire, same conn- try, where he died at the age of sixt3--one years. Our subject's mother, n.ee Isabella Patterson, was born in Ayrshire, and died there at an advanced age. They were the parents of ten children, viz.: Mary, the eldest, deceased; John, Jane, Margaret, William, James, Hugh, Gilbert, Bella and Mary. The sul)jeet of this sketch, their seventh child, was reared and educated principally in 240 BIOGRAPhWAL HISTORY OF Ayrshire. la 1848 he came to this country, locating in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. In 1850 he removed to Allegany Cou'nty, Maryland, where he worked in the coal mines until 1861, when he came to Melrose, Jackson County, Wisconsin. Here he lias 120 acres in section 14, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising. Politi- cally he is a Democrat, and has held many minor offices; religiously he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. McAdam was married September 15, 1847, to Jean B. Thompson, who was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, December 3, 1826, the daughter of James and Agnes (Brown) Thompson, both natives of Scotland, where they died at an advanced age. The father was a wool-manufactui'er by occupation, and both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. McAdam is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They are the parents of nine children, viz.: John, James, Thomas, Agnes, Isabella, Mag- gie E., William H., Robert E. and Emma. Four of these children are deceased, namely: John, James, Agnes and Emma. fACOB E. LUCKEN, of section 14, Thorp Township, was born in Froen, Norway, September 29, 1842, the son of Erick Lucken, deceased, a native of the same country. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life, and received a common- school education in his native place. In 1866 he came to the United States, and first stopped in Vernon County, Wisconsit), and in January, 1867, removed to Eau Claire, same State, where he worked at the carpen- ter's trade two seasons, and also in the woods. In 1869 he went to Minnesota, where for one year he worked on a farm in Houston County; in 1870 returned to Wisconsin; spent a short time in Vernon County; went thence to Au- gusta, and in the fall of 1871 again came to Clark County and settled on section 11, town- ship 26, range 4 west, Eaton Township. He remained there until February, 1876, when he settled on his present farm of 160 acres, thirty-five of which is cleared. Mr. Lucken was married April 24, 1869, to Carrie Peterson, a daughter of Peter Peterson, deceased. They have had eight children, five of whom still survive: Chris- tian, Edward, John, Paul and Rosie. One daughter, Annie, died at the age of nine years. Mr. Lucken has held the office of Constable; has been a member of the Town Board one year, and School Treasurer several years. fRED A. DISTELHORST, a prominent merchant of Dorchester, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 25, 1860, the son of Fred and Rose (Remmeir) Distel- horst. The parents emigrated to Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1865, set- tling in the woods. With the help of his sons the father succeeded in clearing 100 acres where they now reside. They had five children: Wlliam, Fred, Charles, Rose and Helen. William now resides in Emporia, Kansas; Rose, the wife of Fred Laack, lives in this city; Helen, the wife of Henry Ges- sert, in Sheboygan; and Charles lives on the homestead with his father. Fred A., our subject, was reared to farm life, and in 1879 removed to Chicago, where he attended evening school, and also worked at the carpenter's trade three years. He then returned to Sheboygan County, where he worked in a creamery until the fall of 1886, and then came to Dorchester and estab- C>^ <^^y^£^ (r/W^ '^-K--t y CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 241 lished liis prosent creamery. He soon after- ward erected a store building, and has since kept a general stock of goods. He sliips his butter to Ashland, Wisconsin, and also gives the farmers the full benefit of the market price at that city withont asking pay for his work in making. He has recently put in a new and improved churc, which is run by steam power. During the summer months he churns every day, l)ut not quite so often during the winter. He was married October 28, 1882, to Phillipine Boerger, who wd the trade of a millwright, anil early in life was engaged in bridge-building. He married Nancy Jane Stickner, a native of the State of New York, and in 1886 accompanied his father's family to Warsaw, Hlinois. The father died at Johnstown, New York, while on a visit there to bis children. In 1838, when the Indians ceded the lands along the Black Ri%'er, Jacob Spaulding be- came a member of the colony that made the first settlement that was permanent at Black River Falls; an attempt had been made as early as 1810, but the Indians had driven the would-be colonists away. It would be im- possible in a sketch of this character to give in detail the history of this settlement. Mr. Spaulding became the most conspicuous and influential member of the expedition. Some of the members returned to their former homes, and others settled elsewhere. Mr. Spaulding finally became sole owner of the fine water-power on Black River, and of much of the adjacent property. lie was a man of wonderful force of character and in- domitable will. He continued a resident of Black River Falls, highly respected and esteemed, until his death, which occurred in January, 1876. Dudley J. Spaulding, son of the above, is one of three children, Mai-y and Angeline being the other two. He was born at Johns- town, New York, in 1834, and when a mere lad was taken by his parents to Illinois, where the educational advantages were ex- tremely limited. In early life he began the business of lumbering and fanning, in both of which he achieved success. In 1860 his father deeded him the mill property and water-power, which he has since owned. In 242 BIOORAPIIWAL HISTORY OF all liis business operations lie has been uni- formly successful, and as a business man he stands without a superior in the county. Of his ability as a designer and builder, P>lack River Falls bears many evidences. As a citizen, his record upon every question of public interest is above reproach. The church has in him a liberal supporter, and the pub- lic school a warm friend. Mr. Spaulding was united in marriage at Platteville, Wisconsin, to Miss Margaret J. Campbell, a daughter of Alexander Camp- bell. Five children have been born of this union: Julia E., wife of C. D. Osborn, of Chicago; John D., Mary C, Jennie May and Sadie K. The parents are both faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Spauld- ing in his political opinions sympathizes with the Republican party. JALTII ASAR BERG, a prominent farmer of Jackson County, was born in Spring- field Township, this county. May 6, 1858, the son of Balthasar Berg, a native of Heidelberg, Germany, born March 13, 1828. He came to this country in 1849, locating in New York, whore he remained until 1852, when he moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, and in 1853 came to Jackson County, same State, and located in Curran Township, where he died at the age of fifty-eight years. He was a blacksmith by trade. His father, Philip Berg, was born in Germany, where he spent his entire life. He was a veterinary surgeon by profession, and was a member of the Ger- man Catholic Church. Our subject's mother, Mary (Hummal) Berg, was born in Switzer- land, June 11, 1826, the daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Lau) Hummal, both natives of Switzerland. The mother died in that country at the age of forty-two years, and after her death the father came to this coun- try, locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where he died at the age of fifty years. He was a tailor by occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Berg had two children: Philip and Balthasar. Our subject was reared on a farm in Jack- son County, and completed his education in the high school of Black River Falls, Wis- consin. He is now giving his entire atten- tion to farming, being the owner of 340 acres of land, most of which is in section 26, Curran Township, where he now lives. In addition to this he is engaged in the stock business. Politically he is a Democrat. He was married March 17, 1886, to Sarah J. Duxbury, who was born in Hixton, June 25, 1867, the daughter of John and Mary (May- raon) Duxbury, natives of England. The parents came to this country about 1850, locating in the State of New Jersey. About the year 1853 they came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, and located in Hixton Townshij), where they now live. The father is a farmer by occupation, and politically a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Berg have had three children, viz.: William A., born January 26, 1887; the next died in infancy; and Myrtle M., born July 29, 1890. EORGE W. PUllNELL, hardware mer- chant, Merrillon, Wisconsin, was born in Mankato, Blue Earth County, Min- nesota, April 14, 1859. His parents, Edmund and Ann Purnell, natives of England, came to America, with a family of two children, in 1861, and located in Connecticut. From there, in 1854, they came to Portage, Wis- consin, where they remained two years. The father was brought up to the hardware busi- ness in England and followed the same when CLARK AND JACKSoy COUNTIES ^243 lie came to tliis country. For nine years lie was in Imsiness in Mankato, tu which place he moved from Portage. lie was a success- fill business man and established a large trade. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was religious from his youth up, giving of his means for the snpj)ort of the church and for the advancement of other beiievdlent entei'prises. He was in limited circumstances when he came to the United States, but by industry and perseverance he accumulated a nice fortune before he died. His death occurred in Jackson County, Wis- consin, July 14, 1886. It should be further stated that previous to his coming to Jackson County he removed from Mankato to Colum- bus, where he resided until 1877, engaged in the same business. George W. received his education in the ])ulilic schools of (Jolumbus, and was in the store with his father, thus learning the busi- ness thoroughly. Upon his father's death he became his successor in the business. He was married, October 18, 1881, to Ida Mer- rill, daugliterof B. H. Merrill. She received her education in Jackson County. Three children have been born to them, Charles, Lalah and . Mr. Purnell isamember of the Masonic order, and in his political views is independent. |ILAS T. STEPHENS, of section 8, Mayville Township, was born in Scho- harie County, New York, March 8, 1831, the son of Perry C. (deceased) and Betsey (Nicholas) Stephens, both natives of New York. The father was a soldier in the war of 1812, uniier Captain Uominie, and was at the battle of PlattsburiT, New York. The parents had ten children, seven of whom survive: Betsey A., Mercy, Silas, Plnebe, Lydia, Louis and Martha. Their two eldest were burned to death when their house was destroyed by tire, and the other, a grown daughter, died after marriaore, leavintr a fam- ily of four children. Silas T., our subject, was reared to farm life, and educated in the common schools. In 1852 he came to Wisconsin, settling in the woods in Fond du Lac County, where he was surrounded by wild animals and Indians, and where he also cleared a farm. He was a soldier in the late war, in Company II, Thirty- second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served nearly three years, participating in the battles of Salt Hatch's Swamp, siege of Atlanta, North Edisto River, Beutonville and others. After the war Mr. Stephens returned to Fond du Lae, where he worked in a tlour- ing-mill three years, and then engaged in farming in that county until 1873. In that year he came to this county, bringing his family all the way in an ox wagon. He homesteaded IGO acres, his pi-esent farm, then in a heav^y woods, his nearest neighbors being two miles distant, and the nearest post- othce was Coll)y, ten miles distant. At that time there were no roads, and he carried his flour and groceries on his back. He no%v owns 120 acres, twenty-two of which is cleared. The tirst five or six years here he worked in the woods in the winters, and during the summer cleared and worked on his farm. Mr. Stephens was married July 31, 1853, to Melissa Timmerraan, a daughter of Ben- janiin and Lany (Scott) Tim merman, both deceased. The ])ai'ent8 had eleven children, live now living, namely: Alfred, Diantha, Amelia, Chaucey and Melissa. The mother had two children by a former marriage, only one of whom still survives — Henry Barnott. Mr. and Mrs. Stephens have had five chil- dren, four now living: Emma J., Josephine, 244 BIOORAPIIICAL U I STORY OF William S. and Ella M. One daugliter, Lydia M., died when six years of age. Mr. Ste- phens has served several years as a clerk of the School Board. Socially he is a member of the G. A. E. post, and politically a Repub- lican. .^t^ tllARLES PARTRIDGE, a real-estate dealer and Justice of the Peace of Ab- botsford, was born in Haldenian County, Canada, September 30, 1842, the son of Elias and Eliza (Gilmore) Partridge, the former a native of Norwich, Vermont, and the latter of Erie, Pennsylvania. The mother had two children: Delilah, now Mrs. H. J. Ince, of Haldeman County, Canada, and Charles. The eldest was a child by a former husband, John Nellis. The mother died March 25, 1875, and the father now lives with Mr. Partridge, our subject. Charles spent the first five or six years of his life in Yonngstown, Niagara County, New York, and then removed to Canada, where he remained twelve or thir- teen years. Next he went to Sanilac County, Michigan, where he engaged in manufac- turing staves for the New York market, and in the summer of 1880 came to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and in November of the same year located where Abbotsford now stands. There were then but three buildings here, the first of which was built by John Kaleb, and was used as a residence and saloon. The next was an eating-house and railroad station, erected by the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company; the first store was established by Cook & Whitcomb in 1879, and the L'rst and only blacksmith shop was built in 1887 by L. M. Chapman. There was another one built, but it was removed to Dorchester. The first hotel was built in 1880 by Malcome Livingstone. The present j)oj)ulation of the city is 300. Mr. Partridge helped clear off a part of the village site, and also, in part- nership with S. A. Cook, took the contract for clearing off the grounds for the Wiscon- sin Central Railroad Company between this place and Cadott. He has been engaged in lumber to some extent, but is i.ow the lead- ing real-estate and transfer agent for this jjart of the county. He also pays especial attention to collections. He has filled the offices of Justice of the Peace and Postuias- ter, and also took the census for 1890 for Mayville and Hoard Townships. Mr. Partridge was married January 16, 1880, to Clara A. Root, a daughter of Elihu Root, deceased. She was born in Monroe, Michigan, March 4, 1847. They have one child, born April 23, 1881. ... Il l — o ;n; . ^ i . «.. 7^E0RGE M. BREAKEY, a prominent Hfe husiness man of Alma Centre, Wis- ^W^ consin, was born in Sullivan County, New York, August 23, 1860. His parents, J. A. and Mary Breakey, are natives of New York and Ireland respectively. They had five children, the subject of our sketch being the oldest. He remained at home until he was twenty-one years old. At that time he went to Janesville, Wisconsin, to learu teleg- raphy, which profession he followed for two months in Chicago, Illinois, in the employ of the Metropolitan Telegraph Company. He then secured a position with the G. B. W. & St. P. Railway Company as telegraph opera- tor and station agent at Shiocton, Wiscoiifin. After being there nine months he was pro- moted to a better station at Alma Centre, Wisconsin, in the same capacity and for the same company, receiving better wages at this office than in his former position. He was thus engaged for five years. CLARK ANV JACKSON COUNTIES 2-15 At the age of twentytuiir years, wliile station agent here, lie was married March 28, 1884, to Lottie E. Terljoss, a native of" Great Bend, Pennsylvania. Her parents came to tiie United States tVuni England, and her father, a stone-mason and brick-layer by trade, now lives in Pennsylvania. Mr. IJreakey was appointed I'ostmaster at Alma Centre in May, 1886, under President Cleve- land's administration, and tilled that position until Harrison was elected. He also engawd in the general merchandise business, which he still continues. By fair and lionest deal- ings he has established a good trade and is doing a prosperous business. At the annual meeting of the Alma Centre Creamery Asso- ciation, March 7, 1891, Mr. Breakey was chosen secretary of the association for the ensuing year. Ho has always endeavored to improve his town by erecting buildings, aid- ing in the building of churches, etc., and laboring hard for the building up of the local market for farm products for the last five years. Our subject is an active member of the I. O. O. F., Alma Centre Lodge, No. 294, and also of the Modern Woodmen of America. Ho and his wife are members of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, and are associated with the Dauffhters of Rebekah. Hry?KjILES LAMB, deceased, was l)orn in ( )nondaga County, New York, in 1830, the son of Mr. Linda Ferry, a native of the same county, who is now living at La Crosse, Wisconsin, at the age of eighty- six years. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject, one in a family of five children, was reared and edu- cated in his Tiative county, and in early life engaged in the mercantile business until 1870. At this time his health began to fail, and he sold out and came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in Melrose, where he followed farming until his death, which oc- curred in 1888, at the age of fifty-eight years. He was a prominent man, and held several minor offices. He had a good education, and was a man of good business qualities. Polit- ically he was a Republican, and religiously a ineml)er of the Baptist Church. Mr. Lamb was married, April 6, 1858, to Susan R. Turner, who was born in Wayne County, New York, August 18, 1834, the daughter of James and Sallie Turner, also natives of New York. They both died at an advanced age. Mr. and Mrs. Lamb were the parents of si.\ childi-en, viz.: Minnie M., Inez L.,Maud L, Mary E., Alice A. and George N., all of whom are living except Maud, who died when ten and a half months old. Mrs. Lamb is now living in Melrose, where she owns a well improved farm of eighty acres, section 18, which she rents. ►4m|- ILIZABETH HALL is the widow of Peter Hall, late of Garden Valley Township, Jackson County. She was born in County Cork, Ireland, November 12, 1820. In 1840 she was married to James Manpan, by whom she had two children. They came to America in 1852 and located in Jackson County, Wisconsin, where Mr. Manpan died in 1856. He was a man highly esteemed by all who knew him. June 12, 1857, the subject of our sketch was united in marriage with Peter Hall, who was born in Scotland, January 1, 1816. In 1833 he came to America with his father and located in Canada near the Niagara River. He subsequently came to Wisconsin and set- tled in Jackson County, where, in coimection 24S BIOORAPUICAL U] STORY OF was reared on a farm in New York, assisting his father in the labors incident to agricnlt- nral life. After he came to Wisconsin he resided in Fond du Lac County until 1874, when he came to Clark County and located on the place where he now makes his liome. He owns 160 acres of good land, and has cleared about sixty and placed it under culti- vation, lie has devoted all his energies to this occupation, and has been an energetic, hard-working man. Through a flaw in the title to his land he has been obliged to pay for it twice; this injustice has been a great hindrance to his progress, but he has "weathered the gale," and is meeting with success in all liis business undertakings. In politics he affiliates with the Republi- can party, and is a stanch adherent to their principles. He has two children, Henry and Warren, both of whom are living. jLEXANDER A. CAMERON, a mill- wright of Dorchester, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, February 10, 1849, the son of Duncan and Jennie (Mc- Gregor) Cameron, both natives of Scotland. They emigrated to Perth County, Upper Canada, in 1859, and thence to Portage County, Wisconsin, in 1865, settling upon a farm, where they still reside. Alexander A., their only child, was reared to farm life aTid educate(l in the common schools. He learned the machinist's trade in East Saginaw, Michi- gan, at which he worked from 1863 to 1865, and in the latter year removed to Portage County, where he was employed at various points from Aehland to Stevens' Point. He built several saw and planing mills on the Wisconsin Central Railroad line, and is now building a pianing-mill at Fairfield. He came to Dorciiester in July, 1879, where he has since remained. Mr. Cameron was married September 18, 1878, to Eva Chamberlain, a native of Penn- sylvania, and daughter of Dwight Chamber- lain, deceased. They have had six children, four now living: Jennie, Lyle, Hazel and Ward. PSENRY WELSH, Sr., is an old and highly respected citizen of Clark County, Wisconsin, and the following space will be devoted to a short outline of his career. He was born in Prussia, March 2, 1840. His father, Daniel Welsh, also a native of Prus- sia, emigrated to the United States in 1847, and settled in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, when it was a wilderness, inhabited only by the Indians and wild animals. There onr subject was roared amid the privations and hardships of frontier life. He was early ac- customed to the lal)or incident to converting a dense forest into a fertile farm, and although his life has not been an easy one, it has brought the reward of industry and perseverance. It was in 1876 that he came to Clark County and purchased a farm on section 24, Green Grove Township. He has since lived in this vicinity, excepting four years spent in the mercantile business at Hemlock, Wisconsin. He is now a resident of the village of Colby, having i-etired from active labors. He is a man well informed on the leading topics of the day, and has excellent business qualifica- tions. When his adopted country was threatened with destruction, he responded to the call for men to come to her defense; he enlisted Au- gust 17, 1862, as a private in Company H, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served until October 14, 1863. He was CLARK AND JACKSON OOUNTIEH. 349 then lioiiorably discharged on account of dis- altility caused by a gun-shot wonnd received in the battle of Chanccllorsville, May 2, 18G3. In acknowledtinient of the services rendered, lie is granted by tlie Government a pension of $17 per month. Mr. Welsh was united in marriage, No- vember 12, 18G3, to Miss Emma Sidell, a native of Sa.xony, Germany, born July 15, 1843. This union has been blessed by the birth of nine children: Daniel P., Anna, Minnie, Henry, William, Lucy, Emma, Lena and Louis. Mrs. AVelsh died September 13, 1886. Four years after. May 6, 1890, Mr. Welsh was again married, uniting with Mrs. Emma Penny, widow of the late O. W. Penny, and daughter of John Thistle, and a nativ* of Newfoundland. She had two children by her first marriage — Arthur and Lucy. Mr. Welsh, since his residence in Colby, which dates from August, 1887, has held many of the township offices, and has dis- charged the duties devolving upon him with great fidelity. He is a member of the L O. U. F. and of the G. A. It. post of Colby. fREDERICK J. SEIF, of section 2, Wes- ton Township, Clark County, was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, June 9, 1851, the son of Joseph and Christine (Siles) Soif; the former, a native of Kelpton, Germany, came to the United States about 1838; the latter was also a native of Germany. They were the parents of nine children, eight of whom still survive, viz.: Frank J., Otto, Joseph, Frederick, Sop)hia, Pauline, August, (Miristine and John. The subject of this sketch was roared to farm life, and educated in the common schools of Dale, Wisconsin. He came to this county in 1875, settling first in the town of Sherwood I'^orest, and then came to his present farm of eighty acres, lifty-two of which is cleared. Here he is successfully engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was married July 5, 1875, to Mary Weisner, of Pine Val- ley, this county, and they have seven children, — Frank, William, John, David, Charles, Frederick and Louis. Mr. Self was a mem- ber of the Town I>oard in Sherwood three years, and chairman of the same two years. He was also School Clerk in Sherwood Forest Township two years, and is now serving his fourth year as a Director in the School IJoard liere. Was also member of the Town Board two years, one year of which he was chair- man. Religiously, he is a member of the Lutheran Church, and politically a Democrat. He is a very promient and enterprising citi- ■-r^f*|*» j^ARCUS CLARK, an industrious and successful agriculturist of Manchester Township, will be given the following space in this record of the leading men of the county. He was born in Caledonia, Living- ston County, New York, August 20, 1828, and is a son of Calvin and Mary (Ulake) Clark. The father was born in Vermont, and spent the most of his life in farming in New York and Canada; he died in Canada about the year 1838; his wife was also born in Vermont, and died in the Dominion of Canada about 1837; she was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The family consisted of eight children: Charles, Arvilla, Joseph, Marcus, Walter, Hannah, Amanda and David. When Mr. Clark was a lad of ten years he was left an orphan, and was thrown out in the world to do for himself; his parents had 250 BIOGRArillCAL Ul STORY OF removed to Canada when he was six years of age, and he remained there until 1850, when he came to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and secured employment with a stage line company; he was shifted from place to place until 1857, when he hought his present farm; he lirst entered eighty acres, and has since added another eighty, all of which is under cultiva- tion; he has the best improvements in the township, consisting of a substantial residence, and large convenient barns for the storing of grain and the protection of live-stock. In considering the fact that all this property has been accumulated through his own per- sonal efibrts, Mr. Clark is entitled to no lit- tle praise for the " grit" he has shown. In 1864, when there came a call tor ad- ditional men to go to the aid of the Union, he enlisted as a member of Company C, First Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry, and served until the declaration of peace; he was mus- tered out of the service and discharged at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, August 19, 1865. lie participated in the battles at Selma, Alabama, West Point, Georgia, and Columbus, Georgia, and was in many minor engagements. Politically he is identified with the Republican party; he has lield some of the township offices, and is a leader in his party. He was Superintendent of the County Poor Farm from 1880 until 1885, making a faithful and efficient officer. Mr. Clark was married December 19, 1858, to Miss Caroline Syverson, of Black River Falls, Wisconsin. She was born among the pine-clad hills of Norway, March 27, 1837. Eiffht children have been born of this union: Edward, Minnie, Delia, Francis T., Arvilla, Effie, Nellie, Mary and Lucy. Francis T. and Lucy are deceased. Edward married Miss Ida Perry, and they have two children: Roos and Bessie M. Delia is the wife of Garret W. (^uackenbush, and is the mother of three children: Roy, Mark, and an infant unnamed. Miss Minnie Clark is a milliner and dressmaker at New Lisbon, Wisconsin, and is a successful business woman. ILLIAM H. II. GLIDDEN has been identilied with the agricultural inter- ests of Clark County. Wisconsin, since 1866. He was born at Crown Point, New York, May 12, 1840, and is a son of Achel C. and Lucy (Sever) Glidden. Achel C. Glidden was born at Whiting, Vermont, and there grew to maturity; he removed with his parents to Essex County, New York, and there met and married his wife. He was a farmer all his life; the land he first bought in Essex County still belongs to members of the family. In early days he was a Whig, and afterward a staunch supporter of Republican principles; he was a believer in religious or- ganizations, although he was not a member of any church. He died in the year 1870, at the age of sixty- three years. His wife was born in Essex County, and died at the age of sixty-six years in 1878. Her parents were Parley and Pollie Sever, natives of the State of New York. William H. H. Glidden is one of a family of twelve children: Sophronia S., Mariett, Achel C, Parley S., Loretta, William II. H., Stephen T., Myron S., Joseph, Josiah, Al- phonso and Jennie. He is the sixth of the family, and was reared in Essex County; he attended the common schools of that day, and remained at home, giving his father the benefit of his labor until he was eighteen years of age. When he first started out for himself he went to St. Lawrence County, New York, and worked on a farm by the month; he continued in this place until he decided to go West, CLAJiK AND JACKSON GOUNT/BS. 251 wliere his o|i]K)rtiinities of securing a homo would surely be greater than in the more crowded East. Accordintrly he came to Wis- consin in 18G6, as I)et'ore stated. He pur- chased eighty acres of forest land, and has given his time and efforts to the clearing of this farm ; he now has twenty-five acres under cultivation, and it is well improved with sub- stantial buildino's. Considerinij that Mr. Glidden's capital consisted of willing hands and a brave heart, the only reliable capital after all, he is to be congratulated upon the success with which his efforts have been crowned. Politically he is allied with the Republican party, and has been called to till many of the township offices. He is a mem- ber of the A. O. U. W., lodge No. 32, Neills- ville. September 5, 18G1, Mr. Glidden was uni- ted in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Bresee, who was born in Stockhohn, St. Lawrence County, New York, June 11, 1843. Iler parents, Calvin B. and Sarah J. (Sever) Bresee, were natives of New York, and there passed all their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Glidden have had born to them three children: Eva J., Willie A. and Myrtle L. • S >* S ' | "">»- iETEK I. IIAKMEB, a successful farmer ■ of Jackson County, was born near I^on- ■^ don, England, in November, 1841, the son of William Ifarmei', a native of the same place. The hitter came to this country in 1841, settling in Fond du Lac County, Wis- consin, where he died at the age of ninety years. In England he followed the occuj)a- tion of thatcher, but in this country en- g.iged in farming. Our subject's motlicr, Hannah (Mitchell) Ilanner, was born in England, and died at an advanced age in Fond (1m Lac County, Wisconsin. The parents had twelve children, five of whom are now living, — Charles, Harriet, Sarah, Edmond S. and Peter I. The subject of this sketch, the youngest child, was reared and educated in t^ond du Lac County on a farm. In 1863 he enlisted in the late war, in Company B., Fourth Wis- consin Cavalry, and was afterward transferred to Company F, and later to Company L. He participated in the battle of Mobile, and was in many minor engagements. He was hon- orably discharged in May, 18G5. Alter the war Mr. Harmer remained on the farm witli his father until 1867, when he came to Al- bion Township, Jackson County, Wisconsin, and bought 120 acres of land on section 38, where he now lives and carries on ireneral farming and stock-raising. Politically he is a Republican, and is now a member of the School Board. He was married in 1867, to Alniira Dewey, widow of Reuben S. Dewey, and they had eight cliililren, four of whom survive, — Nettie May, Emery 1!., (iertrude E. and Willie li. HAULES FREMONT CARLETON, a K farmer and stock-raiser of section 1, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, March 81, 1857, the son of Thomas V. and Aurilla (Burgess) Carleton, both natives of Maine. The father, now of Neillsville, came to this State soon after the Mexican war, having participated in that struggle under Generals Taylor and Scott. He was in the battles of Santa Ana, Monterey, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo and others. He was a niiller 1)V trade, and also followed farmintr several years, but is now retired. In 186!) the fam- ily removed to Algona, Iowa, where the father ran a grist-mill and the sons farmed until the 252 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF fall of 1871, when tliey returned to Wisconsin and settled in Neillsville. The parents had live children: Ellen, now Mrs. Moody; Henrj; Charles, our subject; Clinton, and Nettie, now Mrs. Whitman. Charles F. received his education in the common schools, and first commenced work as freight agent at Ilattield, Wisconsin, which occupation he continued one year; then sj^ent two or three years with his father in the flouring mill, but has since been en- fjao-ed principally in farming. He spent two winters logging in the pineries, after which, in July, 1888, he came to his present farm of eighty acres in section 6, Beaver Town- ship, and forty acres in section 6, Warner Township. He is now working on the farm of George L. Lloyd. Mr. Carleton was married December 15, 1880, to Emily, daughter of John Owens, of York Township, this county. They have had three children, two of whom are now living: Ethel B. and Thomas V. Socially Mr. Carleton is a member of the A. O. U. W., and politically a Republican. Ml >iS ' l i i ; . .t-^-x" (EORGE E. MAYNARU, of section 20, Ilixton Township, Clark County, was born in Brandon, Rutland County, Verninnt, January 25, 1841, the son of John and Persis (Murray) Maynard, the former a native of Ticonderoga, New York, and tlie latter of Sudbury, Vermont. The father, a son of Abner Maynard, a soldier in the war of 1812, was a descendant on the maternal side of the noted Ethan Allen, of Revolu- tionary fame. The parents had three chil- dren: George E., J. Edgar and Warren M. Edcar now lives in Kingston, Green Lake County, and Warren works on the railroad and has no regular home. George E. came with liis parents to Green Lake County, Wisconsin, in 1855, settling on a farm in Kingston, Green Lake County, where he lived until 1861. He then enlisted in Company A, Second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served until August 21, 1861, having been wounded at the lirst battle of Bull Run. He re-enlisted in the fall of 1862, in Com- pany B, First United States Sharp Siiooters, Colonel Berdan's Regiment, and was dis- charged in May, 1863, by order of General Hooker, on account of disability. He as- sisted in rescuing Bui-nside's Artillery from the mud on the Rappahannock river, and was in the battles of Fredericksburg and many others. He again re-enlisted, in Au- gust, 1864, in Company H, First Wisconsin Cavalry, and served until the close of the war, participating in the battles of Franklin, Pulaski, Nashville, and in many raids and skirmishes. After the war Mr. Maynard went to Mar- quette County, Wisconsin, where he followed farming three years. In 1868 he went to Osage County, Kansas, settling in Burliug- game, where he worked in the coal mines, but in 1872 returned to Wisconsin, and worked in the woods one season. In 1873 he came to this county and settled in Green- wood, where he lived until 1879, and in that year lie settled on his present farm. He first honiesteaded forty acres, built a log house 18 X 24 feet, and in 1880 the floods drove the family out of the house. He then bought sixty acres more on higher ground, built a frame house 18x24 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L 16 x 24 feet, one story, and he now owns 100 acres, thirty-live of which is cleared. Mr. Maynard was married in May, 1863, to Adalino E. Marshall, a daughter of Thomas (deceased) and Pliojbe (Worth) Marshall. Mr. and Mrs. Maynard have six children, CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 253 namely: Frank E., Charles E., I'licBbe P., Jolin T., Warren M. and George O. Mr- Majnard has been Justice of the Peace, Health Comniissioncr and School Clerk. Both lie and his wife are members of the Baptist Ciuircli, and the former is a Repub- licn politically. EN RT MEIER, of sections 33 to 27, War- ner Township, Clark Connty, was liorn in Selbeck, Lippe-Detmold, Prussia, May 12, 1848, the son of Ernest (deceased) and Mina (Machintanz) Meier, both natives of Germany; the latter died when Henry was seventeen years of age. They were the par- ents of ten children, six of whom still sur- vive: Mina, Dorothy, Christopher, Ernest, Henry and Louise. Mr. Meier, our subject, came to the United States in 1875, having liad to borrow $130 to make the trip, and first stopped in She- boygan County, Wisconsin, where he worked four years on a farm. During this time he paid off his debt, and also supported a wife and two small children. In 187'J he came to this county, locating in Warner Township, where he left his family in a sheep house while he worked in the woods for Fred Bu- ker. Since coming to this connty he has worked in the pineries eight winters, and during that time worked on the farms in the summer. In 1880 he settled on his present place of eighty acres, thirty-tive of which is cleared. Mr. Meier was in the German army from 1868 to 1871, and during tliat time was in the French revolution from 1870 to 1871. lie was in the battles of Woerth, Vionville, Gravelotte, Beaumont, Sedan, Strasburg, Metz, Amiens, Orleans, Le Mans, Montheliard, St. Quentin, Paris and Pon- tarlier. He was married August 14, 1872, to Amelia Eichmeier, who was born in Brake, Lij)pe- Detmold, Prussia, March 8, 1846, the daughter of Frederich Eichmeier, deceased. Of their eight children, five are still living: Henry A. F., August II., Frederich W., Lydia E. and Ernest O. All of the children are at home except Fred, who lives with the minister at Immanuel Church, this connty. Religiously Mr. Meier is a meml)er of the German Reformed Churcii, and politically a Democrat. EORGE BURKE, Justice of the Peace, Town Clerk, and proprietor of the Douglas House, of Thorp, Clark County, was born in Green Lake Connty, Wisconsin, October 16, 1854, the son of John and Ellen (McCarty) Burke, the former a native of County Cork, Ireland, and the latter of Kingston, Canada. The father came to the United States when a young man, and to Wisconsin about 1840. The parents had seven children, si.x of whom survive, namely: George, our subject; Mary, now Mrs. Mur- phy; Lizzie, Mrs. Roth; Ella, Mrs. Po])pe; Lulu, Mrs. Snyder; and Pearl, who is un- married. One son, Edmund, was killed on the railroad March 21, 1888, at the ao-e of thirty-two years. George, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life and educated in the com- mon schools of his native county, whei-e he was also engaged in farming. In 1882 he came to Thorp, and the following fall began the hotel business, which he has since followed. He has been Town Clerk for the past tour years, also Justice of the Peace and Clerk of the School Board. In 1890 he was the Democratic nominee for County Clerk, and came within thirty-six votes of beino- elected, 2r)4 BWORAPHICAL HISTORT OF running several hundred ahead of his ticket. He was married November 21, 1888, to Altie Craig, who was born in Portage County, Wisconsin, December 25, 1869, tlie daugliter of George W. Craig, of Thorp. They have two children: Gertrude, born September 4, 1889, and John, September 18, 1890. Mr. Bnrke owns his hotel building, and also a farm of eighty acres one and a half miles east of Thorp. (LIVER G. WINTER, a farmer of Manchester Township, Jackson County, is a man of high standing in the com- munity and unquestioned integrity of char- acter. He was born in Franklin County, Maine, February 28, 1821, and is a son of Eenjamin and Olive (Gray) Winter, natives of the State of Maine, where they passed all their lives. They were the parents of six children: John, P\innie, Oliver G., Elisha, Joseph and Harrison. Oliver G. was the third born child; he was reared in his native county to the occupation of a farmer, and re- ceived his education in the public schools. In 1857, when the tide of emigration was still tlowiug steadily to the West, he deter- mined to seek out a home in this new section of country, and accordingly set out on this mission ; he came to Jackson County, and for several years was engaged in the lumber business, operating a sawmill a portion of the time. In 1871 he purchased his present farm, which consists of 120 acres, most of which is under cultivation; there are neat comfortable buildings, and barns and sheds for the care and protection of the live-stock and the storing of grain; all the surround- ings give evidence of thrift and wise manage- ment. Mr. Winter is a stanch Republican, and enjoys the distinction of having been a dele- gate to the convention that organized the Republican party. August 12, 1854, the Democrats, Whigs, and a third party, had called conventions in the town of Strong, Franklin County, Maine; all were set for the same hour, and when they were convened each body appointed a man to consult witli each other, and see if some union could not be effected. They finally agreed to unite and organize a new party; a vote was taken on this which was unanimous. After this, the question arose: "What name shall be given the new party ?" John H. Willard, of the town of Wilton, arose and moved that it should be called the Republican party; this motion was seconded and carried without dis- sent. Mr. Winter was a delegate to the Democratic convention, up to that time being a strong adherent to the principles of that body. However, upon the organization of the new party he cast his lot with it, and has ever since been a stanch supporter of its movements. It is indeed a pleasure to record the history of a man wlio has had so promi- nent apart in the political history of tliis country, and one who is so worthy in every way of the honor. In 1860 Mr. Winter was elected by the Republicans of Jackson County as Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving one term with great credit to himself and the entire satis- faction of his constituency. Since that time he has held many of the local otKces, and there is perhaps no other farmer in the com- munity better posted on the leading issues of the day than is he. In church matters he fulfills his obligation to the utmost, being an active and consistent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal society. April 21, 1845, is a day memorable in the history of our subject; he was then united in the holy bonds of marriage to Miss Mary L. CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. Perkins, of Weld, Franklin County, Maine. Mrs. Winter was horn in York County, Maine, December 22, 1823, and is a daughter of Jesse and Charlotte (Snowman) I'erkins, natives of the State of Maine and life-long residents tiiere. Mr. and Mrs. Winter had horn to them two children: Alice E!. and Fannie E. Alice E. was married, February 14, 1891, to Calvin IJ. Metcalf. Fannie E. is married to Lewis McComlier, and they have one child — Oliver. Mrs. Winter passed from this life September 28, 1884, leaving a large circle of friends to mourn with her bereaved family. .. . .il'".''! I''." .'l.i. « o . ?|AMON R. DAVIS is one of the early settlers of Clark County, having come to Wisconsin when this section of country was a dense forest, and there were no roads, and no travel; there was an abun- dance of wild game, and he became a skilled huntsman, and has laid low many a bear, wolf, and deer. The life of a pioneer is not without its charms, although the privations have sometimes overshadowed the delights. Mr. Da\'is was born at Crown Point, Essex County, New York, August 7, 1827, and is a son of Daniel R. and Maria (Glidden) Davis. The father was born in Vermont, and came to Essex County, New York, at an early day; in 1830 he removed to St. Lawrence County, New Y'ork, and settled in Stockholm, where he pas.sed the remainder of his days. He had a family of fourteen children all of whom lived to maturity: Damon R., our subject; Elizabeth, Fannie, Calvin, Theodore, Alma, Winston, Mary A., Bushrod, Huldah, Sidney, Asenath, Solon, and Subael. Mr. Davis is the eldest child, and was reared in St. Lawretice County, New York. In 1848 he went to Gi-eone County, Illinois, and spent four years in that and adjoining counties, working at whatever presented it- self; at the end of this tiuic he returned to New York, and remained there until 18G5, when he came to Clark County, Wisconsin, as before stated. He purchased 160 acres of forest land, and has since disposed of forty acres of it; he has given the most of his time and attention to agricultural pursuits, al- though he is master of the carpenter's trade. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. Mr. Davis was married, March 5, 1848, to Miss Azuba Bryant, a native of Es.sex County, New York, and a daughter of Benjamin and Macelia Bryant; she died in Grundy County, Illinois, September 2, 1852, leaving two chil- dren: Hudson V. and Benjamin R. July 15, 1855, Mr. Davis was again united in marriage, to Miss Polly Chase, who was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, August 7, 1834. Her parents, John and Paulina (Whelpley) Chase, were natives of Massa- chusetts and Vermont respectively, and were early settlers of St. Lawrence County, Now York. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have had born to them live children: Damon \V., Azuba R., Daniel I., Harmon E., and Cornelia. |ATIIAN B. MANES, of section 3G, Weston Township, was born in Cai-n- ville, Somerset County, Maine, July 24, 1847, the son of Robert L. (deceased), of English and Spanish ancestry. The hitter's father was a Methodist Episcopal minister. Our subject's mother, nee Mary Redmond, a native of (Jounty Wexford, Ireland, came with her parents to Quebec, Canada, when a girl, and after her nuirriage removed to Maine. Mr. and Mrs. Manes were the parents 356 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF of tiine children, five of wiiom still survive, namely: John S.; Mary, now the wife of Peter Dercy, of Boston; Anna J., the wife of O. H. Clapp, of Denver, Colorado; Mina, now Mrs. Durlin McTaggert, of Pine Val- ley, this county; and Nathan B., our sub- ject. One son, William, lost his life in the service of his country, having served in Company D, Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry, three years, and died in 1868, at the age of twenty-six years. Robert was killed while working in a logging camp, by a log rolling against him, in 1869, at the age of nineteen years. John S. was also a soldier in the Fifth lowH Cavalry, serving three years. Nathan enlisted twice, but on account of his age was prevented by his family from going. David served in the First Wisconsin Battery. The father died March 13, 1886, and the mother June 30, same year. They emigrated to Wisconsin in 1856, settling in the village of Weston, now Pine Valley, two miles north of Neillsville. In 1856 they came to Black River Falls, where they liv^ed until May, 1857, when they came to this county, and settled as above stated, and which was then known as Weston's Rapids. The Indians and wild animals were numerous, and our subject killed many deer, bear, partridges and other game, which constituted their meat for many years. Nathan Manes, our subject, settled on his present place in 1869, which was then covered with heavy timber. He has worked hard, following lumbering in the winters and im- proved the farm in the summer. He was elected Town Treasurer in 1863, chairman of the Town Board in 1865, and has served as School Clerk twelve years. The latter position he resigned in 1889, and took a trip to the Pacific coast, traveling through Cali- fornia, Oregon and Washington. He was engaged in the saw-mill business at Tenino, Thurston County, Washington, but was burned out, and afterward returned to this State. He has a fine frame house, built in 1870, the main part being 18 x 25 feet, two stories high, with an addition 16 x 22, one story, and also a wing for kitchen and wood- shed, 16 X 24 feet. The entire building rests on a solid stone wall. Socially Mr. Manes is a member of the Modern Woodmen and K. of P. orders, and politically a Republican. He was married July 3, 1869, to Ella Tracey, daughter of William and Laura (Nel- son) Tracey, of this town. They had one child, who died in infancy. The mother died in September, 1872, and Mr. Manes was again married January 13, 1874, to Ella M. Bushnell, a daughter of Daniel S. (deceaseil) and Sarah A. (Brown) Bushnell. The latter lives in Columbia County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Manes have four children: Mabel L , Birdie D., Guy B. and Katie, all at home. ENRY E. CURB AN, a prominent farmer of Jackson County, was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, Feb- ruary 2, 1842, the son of John Curran, who was also born in Pennsylvania, in 1810. The father i-emained in his native State until 1847, when he came to Waukesha County, Wisconsin, and in 1856 to .lackson County, Ilixton Township, now called Curran. It was named after the Curran family, there having been four brothers who owned land in the township. The father died in this county at the age of seventy-four years. He was a prominent man in his time, and held a number of minor ofhees. Politically he was a Republican, and religiously a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he was also a local minister. He was a black- smith 1)v trade. Our subject's mother, Bet- --^^^^ CLAUK AND JACKSON COirNTlES. 257 sey (McKinney) Ciirraii, was born in Penn- sylvania in tlie year 180!), and died in Curran Townsliip at an advanced age. She was a member of tlio Methodist Episcopal Churcli, and i)otli slie and her Imsband were oF Irish extraction. The parents had seven children, Tiamely: Sarali A., Sanniel M., Robert R., Josepii II., John W., Henry E. and Mary, all of whom are now living but Sarah. Henry E., their si.xtli child, was roared and educated in Waukesha and Jackson counties, on a I'arin. In 185t^) he came witii his fatlier to Jrtck.soi) County, settlinij; in what is now Curran Township, where the former still lives and owns 150 acres in section 22 and 35, making his lionie in the latter. He gives considerable attention to the stock business, ^ai^ing good graded cattle and liorses in ad- dition to "general farmin;r. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Curran was married January 29, 1872, to Lucinda A. Paddock, who was born in Dorset, l?ennington County, Vermont, April 10, 1848, the dangliter of Anson C. and Lucy A. (Wyman) Paddock, both natives of Ver- mont. Mr. Curran is a farmer by occupation, and politically a Republican, and has held both county and town offices. The mother died in Augusta, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, where the father now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Curran had four children: Nellie, John A., Robert B., and ono who die■ the parish of Fodalen, Central Norway, June 23, 1800, the son of Samuel Olson, a native of the same ]dace, who now resides with his son, Ole. The latter came to the United States in tlie fall of 1880, stoiiping first in Menomonie, Wisconsin, where he worked iti the saw-mills and pineries for seven months; in the spring of 1881 he went to Wilson, St. Croix County, and worked in the mills and woods until the fall of 1882; lie ne.xt went to Baldwin, same county, where he engaged as a clerk one yeai'; and in the fall ot 1884 came to this county and bought forty acres where he now lives. He has since added forty acres more, and has since cleared over half of the whole tract. lie began life a poor boy, but now owns a tine farm without tlebt, where he has made many improvements. lie is a mem- ber of tlie Town Board, and has also served as Clerk of the school district. Religiously he is a member of the Lntlieran Church, and politically a Kopulilicau. |LE E. MOON, of section 23, Thorp Township, was born in Gausthall, Nor- way, ['"ebrnary 14, 1848, the son of In- gabredt Bratidon, a native also of Norway. Ole E. was reared on a farm, and I'eceived his education in the conimdn schools of his native place. In 1873 he came to the United States, locating on his present farm of eighty acres, thirty-tive of wlii(di he has since cleared. During the winters he has been eniracred in the jnneries, driving logs in the springs, and farming and clearing land during the summers. He was married in Norway, December 2, 1870, to Annie Peterson, a daughter of Peter Peterson, deceased. They have eight chil- dren, namely: Ebert, Peter, Albert, Oscar, Andrew, Mary, Otto and Emma; all at homo. Mr. Moon is a director of the School board, and was brought up in the Lutheran Ghurcii. ^ANS F. ANDERSON, of section 31, Thorp Township, Clark County, was born in Central Norway, September 28, 1860, the son of Andrew and Botsoy (Han- sen) Sinionson ; the foriniu- is deceased, and the latter now lives nt^ir our subject. The parents had nine children, six now living: Simon, Martin, Andrew, Mary, Marie and Hans; all of whom live in this county ex- cept Marie, who resides in Minneapolis. Our subject came to the United States in June, 18S1, and first stopped at Hixton, Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he worked on the railroad at Augusta. He next was engaged in the pineries three winters, anil in 260 BIOORAPIIICAL Ills TOUT OF the fall of 1883 came to this? county and bouglit eighty acres where he now lives. He worked two years in a saw-mill at Stanley, and since that time has been engaged in cut- ting wood, clearing his farm and making turnpikes. He has now thirty acres of his land cleared. Mr. Anderson has been Post- master two years; is a member of the Luth- eran Church, and politically is a Republican. IHRISTOPHERJENSEN, of section 29, Thorp Township, Clark County, was born in Denmark, December 15, 1849, the son of James H. and Carrie (Morteisdatler) Hansen, both deceased, and natives of Den- mark also. They had four children: Martin H., Christopher, Mary and Lizzie. Christo- pher came to the United States in 1873, stopping first in Wankesha County, Wis- consin, until 1875, when be removed to Sum- mit, Illinois. lie spent one year there, and one summer at Riverside, after which he re- turned to Denmark and remained until the fall of 1881. Next ho returned to Wiscon- sin, and in July, 1882, came to his present farm of eighty acres, forty of which is cleared. He has worked in the woods mostly during the winters, and in clearing his land and farming in the summers, but the last three years he has spent entirely on iiis farm. He has a good barn and residence, where he keeps a jolly bachelor's hall. — ►V^Mt-^-- fOHN P. MARSHALL, of section 3, Withee Township, Clark County, was born in Middlesex, Canada, twenty-five miles west of Now London, February 14, 1845, the son of Timmas G. aiid Isabella (Carr) Marshall, both natives of County Armagh, Ireland. The latter caine to Can- ada in 1840, and in 1851 removed with his family to Port Huron, Michigan, where tiie raiither died in 1853. The father then re- turned to Canada, where he still resides. They were the parents of seven children, six of whom survive: William, John, Joseph, James, Mary A. and George. One son, Thomas, died in 1887, at the age of forty- one years. John P., our subject, was l)ut nine years of age when his father returned to Canada, since which time he has been thrown upon his own resources. He worked several win- ters in the pineries of Michigan, and also on a farm during the summers. In 1868 lie removed to Marshall County, Kentucky, and for two years was engaged in making white- oak staves in the Tennessee valley, after which he returned to Port Huron, Michigan. In the spring of 1871 he came to Clark County, stopping first in Greenwood with W. H. Begley, where he worked in the woods during the winters and in driving logs in summers. In the fall of 1872 he homesteaded 120 acres two and a half miles southeast of Thorp, Withee Township, and there worked in the woods, drove logs, and also farmed for ten years, when he sold out. In the spring ot 1882 he went to Hamlin County, Dakota, but returned in 1883, and settled on his present farm of eighty acres, twenty-three of which is cleared. Mr. Marshall was married December 25, 1873, to Elsie A. Carpenter, who was born in Chemung Township, McHenry County, Illinois, February 14, 1855, the daughter of David Carpenter, deceased. She came with her parents to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, when in her third year, where she was reared and educated. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall have had six children, four of whom are now living, viz.: Diana, Bessie. Percy and Pearl. CLARK AM> JACK.SO.V COUNTIES. 30 1 Mr. Marshall has been a mcinher of the Town Hoanl of Ilixtoi) three years, and also two years in Withee. ['olitieally he is a lieiitiblicaii, havino; cast his first vote tor Grant in 1872. ••^g-^»-»J->- a) |j..O)[I)WAUI) SMITH, proprietor of the ^f^ Smith Hotel, and also a fanner of Longwood, was horn in Hull, England, October 5, 1830, the son of William Smith, (deceased), also a native of England. He l)rought his family to the United States in the spring of 18B1, settling in Albany, New York, where the father was eiiijacred in black- smithing until his death, which ocenrred in 1838. Our subject's mother, formerly Eliza- betli Doyle, was a native of Ireland. The parents had four children, of whom three are still living, — Edward, William and Elizabeth. After the father's death, the mother renioved with her family to Troy, New York. The subject of this sketch came to Mani- towoc, Wisconsin, in 1844, wiiich was then a mere hamlet or village, where he first en- gaged in making shingles. He afterward sailed on the lakes for many years, making his home in Mauitowoe. He began as cabin boy, and rose to the position of first and second mate, and then of Captain. He was cajitain of thirteen different vessels, encoun- tered many storms and met with many acci- dents, havinij fallen overboard several times. He came to this county in 1879, settling at Christie, tlience to Greenwood in 1880, and to LoMjiwooil in 1881, where he is entraffed to ' _ o D in running a hotel and also in farming. He owna ten acres of land. Dr. Smith has cooked in logging camps every winter but this (1890^'i)l). He was married July 7, 1852, to Amanda M. liarnes, a daughter of Harry Barnes, of Antelope County, Nebraska; she was born in Rutland County, Vermont. They have eight children, viz.: William H., Harriet E., Nancy (deceased), Una I., Amy, Walter II., Edward H. and Mildred. William married Hattie CoUey, lives in Washington State, and has four children: Harriet married Charles Kayhart, of Christie, this county, and they have three children; Una married Christo- pher Musselman, of Washington ; Walter married Clara Moody, and live in Withee Station, Clark County; Amy is engaged in teachintr school in Washington. Una and Hattie were formerly teachers. Mr. Smith was brought up in the Ephscopal religion, but is now a member of no church. I'oliti- cally he is a Kepublican. K. WILLIAM BRYANT SELDEN, a physician and surgeon of Thorp, Wis- consin, was l)orn February 15, 1850, in Sussex, England, and is a great-grandson of Sir William Bryant of the above place, for whom he is named. He came with his par- ents to the United States when four years of age, settling in New York; three years later he moved to Wisconsin and settled on a farm, where he livotl until fifteen years of age, when he began the study of medicine with Drs. Teegardea & liickard, of LaPorte, Indi- ana, with whom he continued three years, attendintr the old Meeker College the three following years. After the e.xpiration of the college term he came to Wisconsin and practiced medicine with the firm of Drs. Si}>pie licau party. Greenwood is an incorported city, and Mr. Stewart was elected its first Superviscir. fllOMAS li. BEGLEY, proprietor of the La IJelle House, Greenwood, was i^ born in Wolford Township, Province of Quebec, Canada, August 19, 18tj2, the son of William H., who eniitrrated from Canada to this county in 1869, settling in Greenwood. Here our subject has since re- mained, e.xcepting duriiig the years 1881-'82, when in Montana. While in that State he worked eight months in the placer mines at Helena, and also in the yards of the La Belle Lund)er County, at Butte four months. Re- turning to this State in October, 1882, Mr. Beglcy commenced lumbering, and was also engaged in driving logs. He engaged in his present business in August, 1890, and now has a first-class hotel. He is a member of the I. (). O. F., and on national questions a Kepublican. He was married, July 9, 1884, to Melissa Ueesman, a daughter of Bhilip lieesman, of Alma Center, Jackson County, Wisconsin. They have four children: Nina, Marion, (Jlella and Harold. The wife died April 13, 1891, a member of the W. C. T. U., and after her death a memorial service was hold at which resoluti(.)ns were passed, and a copy of them was furnished to the bereaved family. The local press, in speaking of her death, says: "She started to attend the evening services at the Baptist Church, into the fellowship of which she was shortly to be baptized, but returned sick, before reaching there. Dr. Buland was at once called, but medicine seemew months, and then came to this county. Here he was engaged in running H hotel, and also kept a livery and feed stable, lie has also been engaged in lumbering until two years ago, except during the years 1876- '81, when he was engaged in mining in Moti- tana. He worked in the placer mines in Mitchell Gulch, near Helena, and also worked lor A. J. Davis in the (juartz mills at l!iitte. lu'turning to this State in the spring of 1881, he resumed his old vocation, and now owns a large barn, hotel, and does an extensive busi- ness. Mr. Begley was married November 29, 1845, to Margaret Reynolds, a daughter of William and Margaret Reynolds, both de- ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Begley have three children: Thomas R., George B. and Eliza. Mr. Begley is a member of the 1. (). O. E. fraternity, and politically is a Republican. ^LIAS PETERSON, one of the pioneers of Greenwood, was born in Trondhjem, Norway, March 27, 1833, the son of Refer Olson, a native of the same jilace. Our subject came to the United States in 1870. Having learned the shoemaker's trade in the old country, he worked at it in Neillsville, this county, from June until the fall of 1871. He then came to Greenwood, where he also worked at his trade, having built tiie sixth house in the [ilace. The village had just been platted that siimiuer, and our subject bought the first lot after the platting. He followed his trade here until 1886, when he engaged in general merchandising. During this time he had be(ui burned out twice, the first time in 1878, and the second in 1885, and in the latter fire the village was destroyed. Mr. i'eterson was married in Norway, De- cember 27, 1860, to Miss Andrea Tranniel, a daughter of Israel Tranmel, of Norway. They have had ten children, of whom six still survive, namely: Carrie, Marit, Sr., Marit, Jr., Peter, Anna E. and Iiiireborf. The daughter, Ingeborg, died when seven years old, and the second Ingeborg was born one day after the formc^r's death. Carrie mar- ried O. C. Johnson, of Eaton Township, and they have had eight idiildren, of wlioiii four are now living: J ulia, Annie. Amelia and 268 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOHY OF Carl O. Marit, Sr., married Simon Johnson, of Warner Township, and has four cliildren: Josephine, Amanda E., Selma C. and Helga E. Marit, Jr., married Lars W. Larson, whose sketch appears in this work. Mr. Peterson was a member of the Town Board in 1877-'78, and has been Town Clerk for the past three years. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and the former is also a member of the L O. O. F. fraternity. Politically he is a Republican, and is an enterprising and puljlic-spirited man. He owns a tine farm of 130 acres, forty acres of which is cleared, on section 26, range 2 west, Warner Township. fAMES BKYDEN, a prominent farmer, stock-raiser and lumberman of section 35, "Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Queens County, Nova Scotia, July 17, 1841, the son of Robert (deceased) and Margaret (Freeman) Bryden, the former a native of Manchester, England, and the latter of Liverpool, Nova Scotia. The father came with his parents to the latter country when a boy; he was a farmer by occupation. Of their nine children, six still survive: James, John, David, "William H., Letitia A. and Henrietta R. John and William H. are en- gaged in our subject's logging camps, of which they are superintendents. David is living in Phillips, Price County, Wisconsin. Letitia married William F. Mason, of Faulk- ton, North Dakota; Henrietta married Mar- tin Schivers, of Caledonia, Nova Scotia. James Bryden came to Black River Falls in the fall of 1869, where he worked two winters for D. J. Spaulding, after which he became his foreman for si.K years, or until the latter failed. He then began log- ging for himself, in which he has ever since continued. He removed to Greenwood in the fail of 1880, and in April, 1883, settled on his present place, which adjoins the town of Greenwood, and the next year built a tine frame residence. He owns 800 acres in this county, 125 of which is cleared, and the re- mainder is covered with hardwood timber, pine, etc. He runs three camps, and during the winters of 1888-'89 and '90, handled nearly 12,000,000 feet of logs each winter. Mr. Bryden was married May 24, 1881, to Addie Armstrong, born in La Crosse, Wis- consin, thcdaughterof AVilliam J. Armstrong, of Ashland, Wisconsin. They have one child, AVales, born December 5, 1882. Mr. Bryden was Chairman of the Board of War- ner Township one term, and is also a member of the A. O. U. W. He is one of the en- terprising and foremost citizens of Clark County, and is respected and loved by all who know him. . ; , i ;.| i . ^-. ARTIN V. H E ATH, a farmer of York Township, Clark County, was born February 21, 1836, the second son of Jehiel and Rebecca Heath, of St. Lawrence County, New York. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Sixth New York Infantry. Being placed in the Army of the Potomac, he participated in the battles of the Wilderness and in many minor engagements. In Ajiril, 1865, he was in the charge at Petersburg. He was never wounded, altjiough he had two very narrow escapes, one ball knocking an ear-ring out and another striking the " U. S." on his cartridge-box, with force enough to stagger him. Ill all he was in seventeen engage- ments. Was laid up in the hospital only by rheumatism one winter. He was mustered out on the last of June, 1865. A year or so CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 269 later lie came AVest, and iiniiiediately located on a farm in tlie town of Wn-k, vvliicdi was then a part of the town of Weston, in Clark County. He has since been engaged in farm- ing, until about a year ago, when he became a resident of Wood County, just over the line, still retaining an interest in lands in Clark County. lie has been married twice; first, to Miss Kodella Winnie, August 9, 1862, and subse- quently to Mrs. Sevilla L. Williams, nee Peck, January 2, 1880. By her former mar- riage she had three children: George P., born December 5, 1852; Frank H., February 8, 18()8, and May A., March 9, 1873. The eldest son is married and lives on a farm in Clark County, and the second son is living with him. The daughter is a member of the household of Mr. and Mrs. Heath. Mrs. Heath's first husband was in Company M, First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, and served eleven months, to the close of the war. Mr. Heath is a pensioner, and Mrs. Heath is en- titled to arrears pension for his dependent chililren, and is taking steps to secure it. IfSKNliV W. YAXKEE, a farmer of sec- tion 8, township 24, range 1 east, was born December 26, 1844, in Hamilton, Canada, the fourth son in a family of six sons and one dauirhter. Their father, a year after his marriage, emigrated from near Stettin, Prussia. He was a tailor by trade, but did nt)t follow that vocation much after comiiig to America, devoting more of his time to agriculture. His eldest son, Frederick, was born in Prussia; August, James and Henry were boi-n in Canada; and Ernest, Herman and Itcisa in Washington County, this State. Frederick enlisted for the Union in the late war, in ('oinpany I, Foui-teentli Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, in 1861, and during service was taken sick and placed in a hospital, where he died. Rosa came to Clark County with the family, grew to womanhood, married August Reidle, and died at the age of twenty-two years. Mr. Yankee's parents were Frederick and Frederica (Knoll) Yankee. The father came from Washington County, by way of Sparta, to Clark County, with his own conveyance, in company with the Kleinsmidtki and Ster- Tiitzkyi families, in the early life of these families there was much interchange and ac- commodation, as the Sternitzkyis and the Yaidvces settled on adjoining sections, while the Kleinsmidtkis were five miles away. No schools, no churches, no slores, no mills, no jjostoffice, no clearing, almost no neighbors, — would be a description of the situation in 1854, when these pioneer families set foot in Clark County. Mr. Yankee purchased 480 acres of land, at the then Government ])rice, $1.25 per acre. This formed what is now the homestead farm of 100 acres, occupied by Herman, eighty-six by Henry, seventy-four by James, and eighty by William; the rest has been sold. James, Henry, AV^illiam and Herman now reside in Clark County, August in Ashland County, and Ernest was lost to the family at the age of fourteen years, as nothing has been heard of him since that time, nearly thirty 3'ears ago. Mr. Yankee, whose name introduces this sketch, was married February 25, 1875, to Amelia Knoop, at Lynn, and they have four children, namely: Ernest H. W., burn ]\Iay 7, 18S2; Arthur F. F., July 18, 1884; Martin E. F., April 27, 1886, and Lillian A., April 9, 1888. Mrs. Yankee was a daughter of Jacob and Louise Knoop, and was born Oc- tober 8, 1854. She had five i)rothers but no sister. The family an^ from Prussia, lint she 370 BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF came to this State with family after the deatli of her father, locating in Clark County. Since his marriage Mr. Yankee has given his whole attention to his farm, liut previous to that he worked in tiie pineries iive win- ters, as did most of the new-comers of early day. fEOFtGE J. HART, a merchant of Neills- ville, Wisconsin, was born in Center, New York, November 1, 1844, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jnlius H. Hart, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of New York. Both are still living in the Empire State. The father, a carpenter and joiner by trade, has been an industrious man all his life and has accumulated a nice little fortune. He has never tasted tobacco or whiskey and has a character above reproach; holds his ob- ligation sacred and is trusted by all who know him. Of their six children the sub- ject of this sketch was the second born. All are living and in good health. George ob- tained his education in his native town, taking a partial course in the university at Center, lie learned the carpenter's trade with his father, after which he went to Jef- ferson County, where, for five or six years he was engaged in house- moving, In 1871 Mr. Hart came to Clark County, Wisconsin, with a capital of $800 whicli he had saved from his earnings. Here he was employed in the woods hauling logs. That sprin<' he was engaged as a clerk in the hard ware store of J. H. Weston, continuing with liim until the spring of 1875. When his emyloyer died Mr. Hart was engaged to set- tle up the business. He was married in the fall of 1875 to Mira Coswell. She • is a daughter ot B. Coswell, a farmer, and was educated in JeiTersoii County, New York. She takes delight in literary work and was a teacher from the time she was eleven years old until her marriage. Mr. Hart served as Deputy County Treasurer for two years and was for a time engaged as bookkeeper for Mr. Boths, proprietor of a general store. He next turned his attention to mining but was unsuccessful in that business. In 1888 Mr. Hart opened a general merchandise store. He keeps a large stock of groceries, and by his honorable method of dealing with his customers he has secured a fair patronage and brought his business up to a paying basis. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen, and his political views are in ac- cordance with Republican principles. His wife has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for a number of years. ►>^ »?S)KS. MARGARET ANN FLICK, re- siding on section 7, township 24, ■^^g^ range 4 west, Clark County, was born in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, June 5, 1833, a daughter of Jacob Miller, who brought up six sons and four daughters, in Pennsylvania. Their names are: John, Charles, Elizabeth C, William, George, Margaret Ann, Reuben, Mary (3., Lydia L. and Jacob C, all of whom grew up. Mrs. Flick's mother, Lydia, was also a member of a family of six sons and four daughters, namely: John, Jacob, Joseph, Jonas, Jessie, Elizabeth, Mary, Catharine, Lydia and Charles. Of this family Joseph was the only one who caine West to settle, and his mothei' joined him a year or so later. The grandparents on both sides were natives of this country. The Miller and Flick lines are traced back to England. The maternal grand- mother lived to the extreme old age of ninety-seven years, iive months and twenty- CLARK AND JACKSON OOirjvr/ES. 271 six (lays. Ltm^evity indeed characterizes all the lilies of ancestry. Mrs. Flick's father served in the war of 1812, and three of her hrothers in the late war of the Rebellion. Charles enlisted at Madison, Wisconsin, served out his time, and was honorably discharged at the close of the great struggle, riot having received any se- rious wounds. He died in December, 1889, at tiie cage of seventy- three years. George enli.'Jted in one of the earliest Pennsylvania regiments, was twice taken prisoner, but made his escape each time. Tlie second time lie made his way out through the prison walls and earthworks by digging through with a spoon. He served to the end of the war, being promoted meanwhile to be Ser- geant. Caspar, the youngest, was also spared by his patriotic father, a veteran of the war of 1812, enlisting at Madison, and served through the war. All three of these were in the hottest rights, and were honorably dis- charged at the close. ' The subject whose name heads this sketch married Jacob Flick, in 1851, in Clarion (Jounty, Pennsylvania, and two years later they came West and settled in Dane County, Wisconsin, near Madison, which place was then a small village. In October, 1856, they came to Clark County, settling upon a homestead which he iiad taken durinxr the preceding spring. They experienced the usual hardships of pioneer life. Mr. Flick lost ills life eleven years later when out hunting, being accidentally shot by a gun in the hands of a neighbor. Py his death he left a widow and eight children, the youngest being only five months old. In order of birth the names of the children are as follows: Augusta M., born in Pennsylvania, May 25, 1852, died April 5, 1890; Lydia C., born August 25, 1854; Emma C, January 1, 1857; John E., February 28, 1859; Jacob R., born March 28, 1801; Lilly J., January 27, 18(13; (Iliarles C, March 8. 1805, and William J., April 8, 1807. All these are married and settled excepting William J., who remains at iiome with his mother. One dautrhter, Emma, married England. The latter, a farmer and lumberman by occupation, came with his parents to Ontario wlien a boy. lie spent the iirst eighteen years thereafter on a farm, and then went to Warren County, Pennsyl- vania, where he spent ten years in the woods and saw-mills. In 1876 he came to this county, locating on his present farm, where he has also been engaged in lutnbering ever since, lie farms to raise feed fur his stock and teams which lie employs in the camps during the winters. The previous winter he ran two camps, but this winter, 1890-"91, he has only one, employing about thirty men, besides six four horse teams, sprinkler team, tote team ami two or three yoke (jf cattle. lie owns in all about 240 acres of land, 110 of which is cleared. He also owns a one- half interest in lot 1, city of Greenwood, which consists of forty-live acres, and also a liouse and lot in the latter place. When he left his father, Mr. Miller was twenty-four years old, and had onlj' $15 in money, and he has since risen to his present position by hard work and good management. He was married September 26, 1872, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Honeywell, de- ceased. They have six children: Olive T., Maud M., Lynn H., Gertrude, Bessie B. and Smith. Mr. Miller held the office of Town Treasurer five years, and was also Director of the School Board one term. Religiously, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Cliui-ch, and politically a Prohibitionist. He remodeled his house in 1887, and ho now owns a tine two-story frame, 24 x 28 feet, with a wing 18x22, and another addition 16 X 26 feet. He has two tine barns, one 36 X 46 feet, twenty-foot posts, and the other 36 X 66 feet, eighteen-foot posts. fRANK ZETSCHE, of section 24, Clark County, was born in Saxony, Germany, November 10, 1849, the son of Am- brcsius Zetsche, a native of the same country. Our sul>ject received his education in the common schools of Germany, and after coming to this country mastered the English language by his own study. He always worked on a farm during his vacations, and attended school constantly during each session in his UHtive country until the age of si.xteen years. His father was an office holder, and Frank did his writing and calculating for him. He came to the United States in 1867, and spent three years in Washington County, Wisconsin, where he worked on a farm. He came to this county in 1870, and during the winters was engaged in the pineries, and in the summers GLAUK AJ^D JACKHON C(JlfATIJi\S 281 at farm work, liuvino; spent aliout lifteen win- ters ill tlio woods. He settled on his present farni May 1, 1874, vvliicli was then heavy tiniher. Ho now owns 160 acres, forty acres of whicii is cleared, where he has a (ith he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Mantey is an enter- l)risiiig and bright young man, who has adopted America for his future home, and is interested in its growth and development. fRANK COOPER, of Black River Falls, is the second son of Joseph and Grace Cooper, and was born in Derbyshire, England, March 27, 1825. Joseph Cooper was a ship-builder by trade in the old country, but emigrated to America when Frank was four years old; he purchased a tract of land in wiiat was then the far west, Ashtabula County, Ohio, which he converted into a farm and made his home until his death, which occui-red in 1884; he lelt a widow and five children: John, Frank, Joseph, Martha and Samuel. Three sons, George, William and Charles, preceded him to the mystic fu- ture. Frank was the only one to stray per- manently from the adopted calling of his father. Though his schooling was very lim- ited, he early exhibited a liking for books, and the age of eighteen found him an appren- tice ii'. the Ashtabula Sentinel office. At the end of this apprenticeship he was em- ployed for one year in (Jonneautvilk^ i'enn- sylvania, and Ijansing, Michigan. In 1847 he came to Wisconsin, landing in Milwaukee, and with the exception of a short residence in Michigan he has been a " Padger " over since. He was married at Racine, Wisconsin, Decemlier 24, 1848, to Miss Catherine A. Fox, daughter of Fi-ancis and Cynthia Fox; to them were born three sons: Charles J., September 18, 1849; George F., July 9, 1852; and Arthur S., April 2, 1856. Charles has been in the United States mail service for about fifteen years, and Arthur is a civil en- gineer, holding a responsilile position in the South, (rcorge will be spoken of later. The mother died December 30, 1880, and Mr. 282 BIOORAPULOAL HISTORY OF Cooper was married again October 16, 1886, to Mrs. Nellie Harrow. The spring of 1857 found Mr. Cooper in Fond du Lac County, without employment at his trade, and he was induced to go to Black River Falls and take the position of foreman of the Jackson County Banner. He con- tinued in this capacity until March, 1864, when he enlisted on his tliirty-ninth birthday to serve his country in the war of the Rebel- lion. He was mustered into the service at Madison, in Company C, Thirty-seventh Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, April 26, 1864. The regiment shortly afterward went to the front and was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps. He served as Second Sergeant until July 28, 1865, when he was mustered out. He was in the siege of Petersburg, and was twice wounded in the charge on Fort Mahone; after six hours of unconsciousness he found him- self in the rebel works, and crawled out, dragging his gun in his teeth; he was sent to the hospital; but, decliniug to take the medi- cine prescribed by the doctors, he was sent back to the regiment, where he remained, although untit for service; in April, 1864, he obtained a recruiting furlough of thirty days. After the close of the war he received from Governor Fairchild a brevet commission as First Lieutenant. Upon his return to Black River Falls he found no opening in his profession, so, in in company with A.J. Mauley, he started, at Neillsville, Clark County, a paper called the Clark County Advocate. About a year later, however, he sold out to his ])artuer, and re- turned to the Falls, purchasing a half interest ill the Banner. Mr. Cooper havingspent the greater portion of his life since he started into business on the Banner, a brief history of the paper will prob- ably not be out of place in this connection. Mainly through the efforts of W. T. Price, and liljeral subscriptions from other pioneers, seeing the necessity of a newspaper to repre- sent the growing interests of the Black River Valley, the Banner was established, and made its first appearance August 14, 1856, with Charles Stewart and M. V. B. Young as pub- lishers. These gentlemen did not succeed, however, and they sold out the following winter to F. O. Brainard and D. J. Spauld- ing, the latter having only a proprietary in- terest. In July, 1865, J. A. Watrous bought Mr. Spaulding's interest in the business, and in the spring of 1866, George W. Brown succeeded Mr. Brainard, but retired in the fall of the same year, selling out to Mr. Wat- rous. Under the management of the latter, the name of the paper was changed to Badger State Banner. In December, 1866, Frank Cooper purchased a half interest, and became an active partner in the concern. AV. T. Price bought the interest of Mr. Watrous in September, 1869, and about a year later Mr. Price sold out to C. J. Cooper, and in the summer of 1873 C. J. Cooper retired, and George F. Cooper took his place, at the age of twenty-one years. With characteristic modesty the latter did not permit his name to appear as editor or publisher of the paper, but he has not spared himself in his efibrts to tnake the paper all that can be expected of a country newspaper, and while he makes no pretensions to greatness, he does justly pride himself on understanding his business thor- oughly in all its details. From the very beginning he exhibited such business tack and pains-taking interest in the work that in a short time his father let the responsibility of the general management rest upon his shoulders. In February, 1888, Frank Cooper sold his interest to his son, who is now conducting the business under the name of Cooper & Co. CLARK AND JAVKSOS COUNTIES. 283 Under this maiiageiiient the paper is gener- ally classed as une uf tlie best country pajiers in the State, and tliere is pruhuhly uo lietter equipped establishment of the kind in this section of country. Frank Cooper is yet in the vigor of life physically and mentally; he spends tiie greater portion of his his time in the Banner office, rendering iiis son much valuable as- sistance in the getting up and publishing of the paper. He is of a happy, buoyant dispo- sition, prompt in all things, constant and conservative. In his younger days he was a very powerful man, and he has yet the strentrth and endurance of men of fewer years. fUED \\. rULLlNt^,a rising and pro- gressive young business man of Mill- ston, was born in Fox Lake, Dodge County, Wisconsin, May 25, 1862. His parents are David J. and Susan W. (Web- ster) Pulling, natives of the States of New York and Connecticut respectively. They emigrated to the West about the year 1854:, and settled in Dodge County, Wisconsin. David Pulling is a lawyer by profession, and for eighteen years was Circuit Judge; during this time he made his home at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. lie has given the most of his life to the active practice of his j)rofession, but is now living in retirement at Creenvilie, Florida. He and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church. He is a stanch ad- herent to tlie principles of the Democratic party. The family consists of five children: Willis J., Martin M., David, Pradley W., and Fred 11. The last, wiio is the youngest, and the subject of this notice, was reared in Osidiosh, where lie received his education. In 1S82 he went to MerrilJon, Wisconsin, where he was employed as book-keeper by A. S. Trow, deaiei- in lumber; he held this position until 1887, when he decided to make a ciiange in his business; he went to Sand- ford, Florida, and started an orange grove near that point. He remained in the South until July, 181)0, wiien he returned to Wis- consin, and located at Millston. Mr. Pulling is now engaged in raising cranberries, which business has become one of the leadinij industries of the States in which this fruit can be cultivated. He has l>een insti'umental in organizing a stock com- pany at that place for the purpose of estab- lishing a canning factory. He owns a small tract of land, which is improved with neat, substantial buildings. He still owns his property in Florida. In his political opin- ions he affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a consistent member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Pulling was united in the holy bonds of marriage, April 9, 1885, at Merrillon, Wisconsin. Mrs. Pulling was born in Black liiver Falls, Wisconsin, November 3, 1868, and is a daughter of James E. and Adelia Patterson. The father now makes his home with Mrs. Pulling, and the mother is de- ceased. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Pulling: Gertrude, Bessie, antl Mai-y. |ARL C. POPE, of Black Kiver Falls, is a well-known lawyer and a prominent citizen of Jackson County. He was l)orn in Washington, Orange County, Ver- mont, July 22, 1834, and is a son vi Ralph and Mary (Richardson) Pope. The paternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Massachusetts. John Pope is the first Am- erican of the race of whom there is any I'ec- 284 BIOORAPHICAL HISTORY OP ord; liis name is found in the list of free- men of tlie General Court of the Massachu- setts Colonj, September 3, 1B34; lie was one of the Dorchester Colony which emigrated in 1629. This branch of the Pope family, known as the Dorchester Popes, to distinguish it from the Popes of other branches, per- formed an important part in the settlement of Massachusetts. Carl C. Pope is of the tenth generation in direct descent from the original John Pope. His grandfather, Thomas Pope, removed from New Hamp- shire to Orange County, Vermont, in 1799, where he passed the remainder of his life. Ralph Pope was born at Orange, Vermont, in 1802. In 1862 he removed to Minnesota, and settled in the town of Beaver, AVinona County, where he lived until death which came to him April 12, 1874. He was a highly esteemed citizen and a man of the strictest integrity of character. His wife was born December 6, 1805, and died March 3, 1873; they were married in 1829, and to them were born six sons and three daughters: Ira, a lawyer by profession, who died in December, 1880; Sarah B., John F., a promi- nent attorney in his county; James R., Will- iam II. II., Mary L., -Ellen B. (deceased), Jacob, and Carl C, who is the third in order of birth. Judge Pope was educated at Green Moun tain Liberal Institute, South Woodstock, Vermont, and studied law with J. P. Kidder, of West Randolph; he was admitted to the bar at Chelsea in his native State in January, 1856. He located at Black River Falls in the spring of the same year, so that it may be said that his entire professional career, thus far, has been in this place. He has been called by his fellow-citizens to assume the duties of many positions of honor and trust; he has lieon District Attorney, County Judge, member of the Assembly, and State Senate; he was a member of the Assembly in 1862, 1863, 1877 and 1878, and of the Senate in 1864 and 1865. During his term in the Senate he was chairman of important com- mittees, and was among the ablest and most industrious workers. In 1864 he was a member of the National Republican Conven- tion that nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency of the United States, and took an active part in the canvass that followed. When in the Assembly in tlie session of 1877, he was chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and the Republican leader of the House. His friends had brought forward his name for the Speakersiiip of the House in opposi- tion to J. B. Cassady, but he declined to run, and Mr. Cassaday was accordingly placed in the chair. Judge Pope was reared in the school of Democracy, and affiliated with thac party until the beginning of the war of the Rebel- lion, but on the secession of the Southern States he became a tirm supporter of the administration, and affiliated with the Repub- lican party until 1884, when on account of its position on the tariff question he ceased to cast his ballot in its favor. Eminent as a lawyer. Judge Popo has attained no less celebrity in the field of litera- ture; his writings on the subject of the tariff are strong and forcible, and have been widely read; he has been a most attentive student of classical literature, and has not neglected the modern school; he is an indefatigable worker, and few men of his profession have combined so thorough a knowledge of law with so per- fect familiarity of history and belles-lettres. He has the lioiior to be a member of the famous Cobden Club of England, a distinc- tion of which he is entirely worthy. He was made a Mason at Black River Falls in 1856, becoming a meml)er of Black River Lodge, No. 74; he is a charter member, and CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 285 ras tlie first High Priest of the Black River Jliapter, No. 41, and he is a niemlierof Fort kVinnebago Coinniandery, No. 4, Knights Peinplar. On August 10, 1859, Judge Pope was uni- ed in marriage to MisB Ellen M. Hitchcock, , daughter of Captain James Hitchcock; she vas born and reared in West Troy, New iork. Her father was captain for many ?ears of one of the steamers plying between rroy and New York city. Two children have (een born to the Judtje and his estimable o vife: Ralph C, the present City Clerk and . student of law in his father's office, was )orn March IG, 1807; Eugenia was born in L861, and became the wife of Edgar A. I^e Dlaire; her death occurred in 1885, and was I severe blow to her family and a great shock md sorrow to all who knew her. — ^^>4f^— mUGUST F. DANKEMEYER is an ,\\ American by adoption, having; been 'lf/)\i . ^^ born in Prunswick, Germany, Septeni- )er 4, 1854. His parents, Christ and Jennie [)ankemeyer, were also natives of Germany, ind the mother died in the "Fatherland." Christ Dankemeyer emigrated to Amei'ica in L8G8. and settled in Sheboygan ('ounty, Wis- •onsin where he resided until 1881, coming it that time to Clark County. He is a farmer )y occupation, and has followed this calling ill his life. Py his first marriage three chil- Ireu were born: Jennie, August F., the sub- ect of this l)iographical notice, and Will. ile was again married to Elizaljeth Maiz, a lative of Germany, and of this union four ihildren were born: Minnie, John, Herman md Frank. Autrust F. is'the second child of the first narriage. He was but fourteen years of age vlion his father came to America. He ])as8ed a short time in Sheboygan County, Wiscon- sin, and then went to Houghton, Michigan, where he worked in the mills, did teaming, and followed railroading for a period of five years. In the year 1881 he removed to Clark County and settled on his present farm, which consists of 160 acres. He had purchated this land in 1879, and he now has forty-five acres under cultivation. It was a dense for- est, and the task of clearing and placing it under cultivation is no small one. It is by continued and diligent labor that Mr. Danke- meyer has been enabled to accumulate any means, as he started in life without any capi- tal and has received no help from his relatives. He affiliates with the Republican paity, and has served three years as chairman of the Town Board, and for one year he dis- charged the duties of Town Clerk. He is now clerk for his school district. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fel- lows fraternities. In 1880 Mr. Dankemeyer was united in marriage to Miss Ida Baker, of Pensaukee, Wisconsin, and two children have been born to them — Freeman and Ida. Mrs. Danke- meyer died in 1883, and our subject was married a second time, in 1889, to Miss Car- rie Hanke, of Clark County, Wisconsin, and one child has been born of this union Martin. SSAAC N. ALLEN is a man whose in- tegrity of character is uiKpiestioned. Ho was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, June 6, 1840, and is a son of Isaac S. and Eliza (Earl) Allen, natives of Ohio and Massachu- setts respectively. The parents were married in Ohio, and resided there until about 1S47 when tbey emigrated to Dodge County, Wis- consin; in 1882 they removed to Loyal, Clark 286 BIOGRAPniCAL HI STORY OF County, where the mother passed away. Slie was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a woman of line ti-aits of character. Isaac S. Allen is still a resi- dent of Loyal; he is a shoemaker by trade, but has given some attention to agricultural pursuits. The family consisted of seven children: Lester, Sylvester, Henry, Eunice, Isaac N., the subject of this notice, Alice and Laura. The father being a farmer, the son naturally received training in this occupation; but when this beloved nation of ours was threatened witli death, and there was a call for men to come to her defense, Isaac X. Allen forsook the plow and left the fields of grain, and went bravely to the front. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company I, Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged at Rock Island, Illinois, July 18, 1865. He participated in the engagements at Port Gibson, Champion Hill and Vicksburg. For six months he was confined in the hospital at St. Louis, ex- periencing the suffering and privations to which the sick and wounded were subject. After the declaration of peace he settled in Clark County, Wisconsin, where he took up 160 acres of land, which was then covered by a dense forest. The task of converting this into tillable land was no light one, and required willing hands as well as strong de- termination. He cleared the land where Loyal now stands, and has eighty acres under cultivation. He has devoted his best ener- gies to farming, and has made many modern improvements, all bespeaking thrift and pros- perity. When we consider that Mr. Allen l)ecran his business career without capital other than that with which he was endowed by nature, our admiration and sincere respect are at once excited. Politically he is identi- fied with the Republican party. He is a member of the G. A. R. post at Loyal. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are held in the highest estimation. Mr. Allen was united in marriage May 24, 1868, to Miss Libbie Peep, of Clark County, Wisconsin, a native of England, born in 1845, and a daughter of George and Louise I. (Loid) Peep. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Allen: Jennie, Pearlie and Charles. Mrs. Allen's parents were natives of Bristol, England; emigrated to this country in 1849, and settled in Depere, W^isconsin, where they resided until Mrs. Peep died in 1865, from which time Mr. Peep lived with his children until 1884, when he died in Appletou, Wisconsin. -S«S- fEFFERSON L. BUTTON, a prominent citizen of Irving, Jackson County, was born in Onondaga County, New York, March 24, 1839, the son of John Button, who was born in the sanae State in 1806. In 1865 he came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in the town of Irving, where he died at the age of sixty-seven years. He was a farmer by occupation, and politically was an Abolitionist. Our subject's mother, Emeline Soules, was born in New York in 1804, and died in this county, at the age of sixty-three years. They were the parents of nine children, viz.: Louisa A., Albert A., Sarah E., Jefferson L., Sanford L., Myron B., John, Edwin and Eugene M., all of whom are still living. The subject of this sketcli, the fourth child, was reared and educated in his native county, and in 1861 enlisted in the late war, in Com- pany II. Twelfth New York Volunteer In- fantry, and participated in the hard-tbught CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTrES. 287 battles of Bull Run and Big Bethel, besides many minor engagements, lie was dis- cliarged August 5, 18()2, after which he re- turned to Onondaga County and remained until 1863. In that year lie came to Jack- son County, Wisconsin, locating in the town of Irving, where he now owns 260 acres of land in section 32. He carries on general farming and stock raising, giving his atten- tion principally to the rearing of blooded stock. Politically he is a Republican, and takes an active part in political matters. He is very popular in the community where he resides, and has held public offices ever since he came to the county, being now chairman of the town. Mr. Button was marrietl December 3, 18C5, to Jane E. liorswill, who was I)orn in England, November 18, 1844, the daughter of William K. and Eleanor (Pearce) liors- will. Both parents were natives of England, and came to this country in 1848, locating in Marquette County, Wisconsin. In 1853 they came to Jackson County, and have spent their remaining days in Irving. The father was a farmer by occupation, and politically was a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Button have four children, viz.: Lenora E., Henry P., Prank L., Maud M. •J •! ■ <•> "—' a ' S '^^^^"^ — fOIIN E. MATTSON, a successful farmer of Jackson County, was born in Bristol, Kenosha County, Wisconsin, August 17, 1852, the son of Ithiel Mattson, who was born in Chautauqua County, New York, in 1813. When quite young he went to Penn- sylvania, where he worked principally on the St. Lawrence River. In 1848 he went to Kenosha County, and the same year came to Melrose, Jackson County, where ho died at the age of sixty-three years. He was a farmer by occupation. Politically he was a Repub- lican, and religiously a member of the AVill- ard Baptist Church. His father, Matt- son, came from Norway to this country at the age of nineteen years, landing in New York, where he took part in the Erench and Indian war. He was captured by the Indians and held a prisoner three years. He had a pocket compass, which was a wonderful thing to the Indians, and l)y working on their creilulity he made them believe that ho was a great medicine man, after which they gave him more freedom, by which he managed to conceal, a little at a time, provisions, arms and ammunition, and finally made his escape. He went to Pennsylvania, where he died at the age of sixty-seven years. He was a farmer by occupation. Our sulyect's mother, v(e Hannah J. Jackson, was of En£xlish ex- traction, and died in Melrose, Jackson County, at the age of thirty-two years. She was the daughter of General Andrew Jackson. They were the parents of two children, John E. and Prank O; the latter died at the age of two and a half years. John E. Mattson, our subject, was reared and educated in Jackson County, where he now has an interest in 220 acres of land in section IR, where he now resides. Politically he is a Prohibitionist, and religiously a mem- ber of the Baptist Church. Socially he is a member of the Good Templars' Lodge, No. 222, at Melrose. ^ENRY C. CALLENDER, of Irving, WX Jackson County, was born in Calhoun County, Michigan, August 23, 1848, the son of Dewey S. Callender, who was born in New York, December 26, 1800. He went to Calhoun County in 1836, and in 1804 came to .lackson County, wiiere lie died at 288 BIOORAPniCAL niSTORT OF the age of eighty years. He was a farmer hy occupation, and politically was a Repul)li- can. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject's mother, Clarissa (Parker) Callender, was born in Ver- mont, and died in Jackson County, this State. She was a daughter of Lemuel and Esther Parker, both natives of Vermont, and of English e.\traction. They subsequently went to Calhoun County, Michigan, where they botli died. They were the parents of nine children, namely: Mary S., Delia E., Jolin M., Jared D., Emily Z., Fann}' C, Augusta A., Charles H. and Henry C. Three of these have died: Jared, Delia and Augusta. Our subject, the youngest child, was reared and educated on a farm in Calhoun County, Michigan. In 1864 he came with his father to Jackson County, this State, where he now owns 300 acres in sections 28 and 33. He gives considerable attention to stock-raising in addition to general farming. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Callender was married April 26, 1874, to Ida E. Tiffany, a native of Illinois, who died February 16, 1875, in Jackson County, at the age of twenty years. Mr. Callender was again married April 29, 1876, to Inez A. Burrows, who was born in New York, August 21, 1854, the daughter of David and Betsy (Cargil) Burrows, natives of New York. They afterward came to Monroe County, Wisconsin, where they now reside. The father is a shoemaker by trade. Mr. and Mrs. Callender hadtwocbildren, both of whom died when young — Dewey S. and David B. ••^' I ' SmS - ^" *^ ILEAZAR G A YLORD, a successful farmer of Jackson County, was born at Amherst, Massachusetts. In 1848 he moved to Medina County, Ohio, and in 1857 came to Jackson County, Wisconsin, locating in the town of Melrose, where he still re- sides, at the age of sixty-live years. On first coming to this State he invested his money in a saw-mill, and later bought a little prop- erty, to which he added until he now owns 600 acres, in company with his son, Elsworth A. They carry on general farming and stock- raising, but give especial attention to the raising of good stock. Their residence, which is built with all the modern improvements, is in section 20. Mr. Gaylord was married June 26, 1849, to Edith Ward, who was born in Medina County, Ohio, June 23, 1828, the daughter of Rev. Jacob and Lucinda (Robinson) Ward. The father was a native of Connecticut, and the mother of Massachusetts, but after their marriage they went to Medina County, Ohio, where they resided until 1859, then removed to Melrose, Jackson County, where they re- mained till 1869. Both died in Melrose in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Gaylord have had three children: Martha E., Martha J. and Elsworth A. The latter is a popidar young man, has taken an active part in the Prohibition party, and is also a member of the Town Board. He is now eng^aged in running the egg busi- ness in addition to his other farm duties. •^M^. fONES TOMPKINS, of section 34, town- ship 26, range 2 west, town of Eaton, Clark County, was born in Stillwater, Saratoga County, New York, on the Hudson river, twelve miles east of Saratoga Springs, June 2, 1826. His father, Elias Tompkins, a native of the same place, was a farmer by occupation, and a Jacksonian Democrat, po- litically. He was a son of Moses Tompkins, who was one of the men who helped to clear the ground where Saratoga Springs now are. CLAUK ANIJ JACKSON COUNTIES. 289 His (Miiployer was a Mr. Cadwoll. Our sub- ject's mother, also a native of New York, iiad twenty-two cliildren, fourteen of wlioin reached maturity, and seven are still living. Our sniiject has one half-sister living, three full sisters and three half-brothers. Jones Tompkins left home at the age of nineteen years, aud first worked several years at rafting logs from different points to New York during the summers, and in the fall would buy and ship stock and grain to New York city. He came to La Crosse in the spring of 1859, and the ne.xt winter worked on bridges in Arkansas and Mississippi. In 1860 he prospected some, and then returned to Henry County, Hlinois, where during the summer, lie had charge of the cutting of a broom-corn field. In 1860 he went to Daven- port, Iowa, and worked in the taw-mills of his brother-in-law, Edward Lindsay, and in the fall of 1862 came to this county, where he commenced work in the pineries. He next became manager of the timber land of S K. Weston, who owned 28,000 acres in this county. In the sj)ring of 1866 Mr. Tomp- kins st'ttled on his present farm, which was then covered with timber. The county was at that time mostly tax-title land, and when he fonnd a good forty-acre tract he would purchase, and he now owns 040 acres, where he is engaged in general farming and stock- raising, and also deals in real estate. Mr. Tompkins was married January 7, 1850, to Martha E. Lindsay, a daughter of ilobert D. Lindsay, wliose ancestors have pre- served the history of the family for linndreds ot years, i>eginning with William de Lind- say, in 1116, who was a son of Baron IJaldi'ic de Lindsa3',the Anglo- Norman, contemporary with the Conqueror, William, the Norman. Mr. and Mrs. Tompkins have had four chil- dren, only one of whom still survives, James E., who marrieil Frances Raymond, and they 20 have two children: Earl and Jones. Mr. Tompkins has been chairman of the Board of Supervisors, and also of the County Board three years. Politically he is a Demorcat, but votes for the man rather than the l>arty. Besides being a successful farmer and real- estate dealer, he is a breeder of regist(U-ed Jersey cattle and Oxford-down sheep, and is supplying this community with this excellent stock as fast as he can raise them. -.«^i-»,-*-i»~ij-^- O. FINCH. — Among the enterprising business men of Merillon, Wisconsin, * wo find the name of A. O. Fincli. He was born in Burlington, Wisconsin, Au- gust 3, 185t). His ancestors were New York people. His father, E. O. Finch, came West with a family of four children and located in Burlington. His education was obtained in New York and he was married at the early age of eighteen years. Although lie came to Wisconsin without means he continued work at his trade, that of carpenter, which he had leai-nod in New York, and provided a com- fortable support for his family. His death occurred in Alabama in 1884. When he was only thirt(*en year; old the subject of this sketch began to work on a farm in Waukesha County and continued iu the employ of one man for five years, work- ing in the summer and attending school in the winter, thereby gaining a fair education in the district schools. The first summer he i-eceived §8 per month. He subsequently went to Ilartland, where he engaged as a clerk in the mercantile l>asiness and served in that capacity tliree years. He afterward clerked two years in a general store in Juneau County, and for a time assumed management of the store. Then he spent one year on the Pacific coast. Mr. Finch came to Jackson County 290 BIOORAPUWAL HISTORY OF in 1887, and for three years and a halt' was eiiffaCTed as manaijer of a mercantile business. He then opened a store of his own in Merillon, has established a good trade and is doing a prosperous business. November 18, 1885, he married Emma Henry of Necedah, Wisconsin. She was educated in the public schools of Juneau County. They have one child, Leighton. ^•^l- l '' l ' % *- jLFRED S. ARGYLE, superintendent of the business of the York Iron Com- W" pany at Thorp, was born in Derbyshire, England, July 18, 1845, the son of John and Sarah (Sheldon) Argylc, both natives of En- gland. They came to the United States in 18fi4, staying some time in Batavia, Illinois, where his mother died. His father shortly afterward settled in Columbia County, Wis- consin, and her father two years later, in 1866. They had seven children, of whom five survive: Alfred. John, Arthur, Annie and Eleanor. The subject of this sketch came to the United States in the fall of 18G4, six months after his parents' arrival. After remaining a few days in Chicago he came to Portage and Caledonia, Columbia County, Wisconsin, where he remained twenty years. Next he removed to Black River Falls, and still makes this place his home. While in Cale- donia he was engaged in farming, and in Portage worked in the round-house of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. In 1886 he entered the employment of the York Iron Company as foreman of their yard, which position he held one year, and then for six months ran their blast engine; next superintended all their kilns throughout the country for one year, and then ran the same three months. He next came to Thorp, where he has since had charge of the yard and kilns, superinteudiig the burning of tha coal. He runs fourteen kilns, and turns out 43,000 bushels a month. Mr. Argyle does this work on contract, and employs about ten men. He was married November 11, 1872, to Catharine Brisbois, a daughter of Gabriel Brisbois, of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, de- ceased. They have four children: Alfred S., Fergus G., Sarah A. and Edith Blanche. Mr. Argyle is a member of tlie Modern Wood- men. fOHN E. PETERSON, a prominent citi- zen of Black River Falls, succeeded Sam- uel D. Blake as Treasurer of Jackson County, January 1, 1877 : his second term and fourth year in this office expired January 1, 1891, when he was succeeded by C. W. Van Gorden, a history of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. He has discharged the du- ties and obligations of this office with entire satisfaction to his constituency and to his own honor and credit; he also served as Sheriff of Jackson County in 1885-'86. If the reader will go back with us to the pine-clad hills of Norway we will there find the birthplace of Mr. Peterson, the year he was born being 1847; he early became ac- customed to the labors of agricultural life, and acquired an ordinarily good education. His father died when he was fourteen years of age, and his mother also died in her na- tive land, although she lived until after John came to America; he and an older sister who now resides in Norway are all that remain of the family. In 1869, when Mr. Peterson had reached his twenty-second year, he bade farewell to the scenes of his childhood and youth, and CLARK AND JACKSON CnUNT[Efi. ;ni sailed away to America, wiiere lie believed lietter fortunes were in store for him. On Ills arrival here lie continued his journey to Li Crosse, Wisconsin, where he secured a position with C. J. Lambert, a large lumber dealer in tliat place; for several years he passed the summer in La Crosse, and durino; the winter season \w. had charge of a logging camp. Later on he was employed to hny grain f(jr the Green Bay & Winona Railroad, Mr. Lambert continuing his employer. When he decided to go into Inisiness on his own ac- t!omit he selected the town of Hixton as the scene of his operations, and it was not until tlie year 1884 tliat he removed to Black River Falls. Our subject was united in marriage at llix- t'ln to Miss Julia A. Rasmus, and five chil- Iren have been boi'n to them: Ella, Edmund, Ray, John W. and Eddie J. Mr. Reterson is an energetic, industrious lud prosperous citizen, and has won hosts of friends in his adopted country. For some time past he has made a specialty of breed- ing fast horses, and has several that have Ruined a reputation for more than ordinai-y ^peed: Joel L.,a pacer, has a record of 2:22|, ind Minnie White Stone, a trotter, lias made 2:27^. A well-equipped livery barn in Black River Falls is owned by our sulyect. tYMAN W. RODMAN, one of Clark County's successful farmers, resides on section 24, Pine Valley Township. lie was born near Zanesville, Muskingum Coun- ty, Ohio, October 28, 1828, son of Thomas Rodman of Vermont and Jane (Lenington) Rodman, a native of Ireland. lie was reared in Ohio and there received a very meager sducation, as lie had to work hard in tiie summer and could attend school only during the winter months. Before coming to Wis- consin Mr. Rodman worked on a farm in Illinois for a time. He was married, in December, 1850, near Torre Haute, Indiana, to Miss Deborah J. Fisher. In 1853 lie came to Clark County, Wisconsin. Here lie bought eighty acres of wild land which he has (levelo|)ed into a productive farm. Mr. Rodman has had an extensive experience in the lumber business, floating lumber rafts, etc., on the Black River, and when a young man he was an expert hunter. lie has killed as many as 119 deer in one season in the vicinity where he now lives. While iiunting bears he has had many norrow escajies, and can relate his thrilling experiences in a vivid and interesting manner. The last bear lie killed was in the fall of 1889, within sio-lit ri of iiis own home. During his lite he has killed forty-eight bears. Mr. Rodman is a woi-tliy and influential citizen. He has served the public as School Director for seven years, and was a member of the Town Board two years. B.LYMAN,M.D.,ofNeillsville,isa memlier of the well-known Arm of ** Esch & Lyman, and was born at Lansing, Iowa, in 1855. His father. Rev Timothy Lyman, a well-known Congregational clergyman, was pastor of a church at Lansing for many years. He was born in Connecti- cut, graduated at A miierst College, and came West when a young man. He was married at Fort Madison, Iowa, to Miss Valeria Van Reed Rinehart, a native of Rennsylvania, who died in 1857. Rev. Timothy layman was twice married after the death of his rirst wife. He is a brother of Dr. John V. R. Lyman, of Eau Claire. The subject of this sketch began the study 292 BIOORAPHWAL BISTORT OF of medicine at Fort Madison, Iowa, in 1877, his preceptor being Dr. Frank Robei-ts, of that city, and part of tlie time he was also Hospital Steward at the Iowa State peniten- tiary at Fort Madison. He graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1880, as did also his brother. Dr. John V. K. Lyman. Soon after iiis graduation Dr. Lyman located at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he was for some time associated with Dr. C. H. Pinnej of that place. In 1882 he removed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he remained in practice until he came to Neillsvilie, in 1888. Dr. Lyman was married in 18S1 to Miss Bertha A. Terry, a native of the State of New York, but at the time of their marriage a resident of Cordova, Illinois. The Doctor and wife have two children: Walter and Irving. Dr. Lyman is a successful piiysiciaii, and the firm of Esch & Lyman iiave an exten- sive and lucrative practice. — ~^'•*g-^M^.^.-.o. — IJ^ENT PEDERSON, a wealthy agricultur- ist of Jackson Count}', has been one of tlie fortunate men wlio have had every effort crowned witii success. He is a native of Sweden, born December 1, 1830, and grew to manhood in his native land. When he was twenty-three years of age, he determined to go to the New World and seek out tlie fortune that might be in store for him. So he bade farewell to his home and friends, and sailed away over the sea, to the " land of the free and the home of the brave." The first three years in this country were spent in Dane County, Wisconsin, and thence, in 1856, he came to Jackson County, and set- tled on 160 acres of raw land. The nearest trading point was Black River Falls, and the hardships and privations to which the early settlers were subject can scarcely be imagined in this day of railroads. Mr. Pederson has purchased, as his means would admit, addi tional acres, until he has altogether 440 acres, 200 of which he has converted into a fine, fertile farm; he has erected comfortable buildings after modern styles of architecture, and has one of the most attractive homes in the community. He is a self-made man, and too much praise can not be bestowed upon the perseverance and determination he has exhibited. When he came to America he could not speak a word of English, and ilie only capital he had was that witii which he was endowed by nature, willing hands and a brave heart. Politically he is identified with the Repub- lican party. He has represented the pet)ple of his township in many of tiie offices within their gift, and has proved capable and efficient. He and his family are members of the Lu- theran Church, and take a dee]) interest in ail its movements. Mr. Pederson was married November 19, 1861, to Anna Olsen, of Jackson County, Wisconsin. She was born in Norway, Octo- ber 20, 1844. Fourteen children have been born of this union, eight of wiioui are living: Olaus, Albert, Sophia, Caroline, Tilla, Ame- lia, Benny A. and Myrtle. Albert married Miss Amelia Tarkelson, of Black River Falls, Wisconsin, and they have had born to them one child, Basil. The other children are un- married. g^msERVILLE MASON, one ..f the fllfvfflt most worthy citizens of Pine Valley ^^^ Township, Clark County, is a native of Scotland, born September 21, 1813. His father came to Massachusetts at an early day and spent the rest of his life in this country. Merville remai!!ed with his parents until ho OLAUK AND JACKSON VOUNTIES. 293 was fifteen years old. His education was obtained cliiefly tlirougli liis own efforts. He attended tiie institute at Clinton, Oneida County, New York, and devoted fifteen years of his life to the profession of teaching. In 1863 Mr. Mason came to Clark County, Wis- consin, and bought 360 acres of land. Here he eu(>;a<:;ed in agricultural pursuits for many years. Since coining to this State he has also been engaged in civil engineering, teach, ing and in the lumber business. In 1849 Mr. Mason married Maria Pixiey, wlio was born in Massachusetts in 1823. She received her early education in her native State and gniduated at Oberlin College, Ohio, in the class of 1847. She also taught school a number of years. During her life she was noted for lier kindness and intelligence. Mrs. Mason was an active worker in the cause of anti-slavery, woman suffrage and prohilntion, and was a conspicu- ous member of the W. C-. T. U. Seven chil- dren were born to them, six of whom are living, namely: Alice, Mary, Milo, Irvin W., Martha, Walter and Bertiia. All were thor- oughly eilucated by their mother who gave them private instructions. In his early life Mr. Mason was a strong anti-slavery man and bitterly fought the fugi- tive slave law. While living in Ohio he was instrumental in securing the liberty of many a slave. He was one of the airents of the " underground lailroad " of Wisconsin. He relates the followinur incident: One nicfht about twelve o'clock he was awakened to find a colored man and his family at the door. The poor run-away slave begged for help to make his escape into Canada, saying that the officers were in close pursuit of them. In the morning Mr. Mason went to a neighbor and told him the circumstances of this case. He, iiowever, would render no assistance. Tlien Mr. Mason called upon another neigh- bor and found him more lenient than the Republican. This last neighbor remarkeil that " if the d d slave iiad made his way this far he ought to be helped on" and gave $0 to aid in securing his passage to Canada. Mr. Mason is now well advanced in years. Much of his time is spent in i-eading and in scientific research, in which he takes great pleasure. UGUSTUS C. VAUGHAN, a hard- ware merchant and one of the enter- prising business men of JSeillsville, is a native of the Empire State. He was born August 23, 1850, and is the third son of the eleven children of David and Ellen Vaughan. All are living except two. With a family of seven, David Vaughan came to Wisconsin in 1862 and located in La Crosse County, and was a member of the Assembly from La Crosse County. His father died in February, 1890. His death occurred when Augustus was twenty- three years old, and it Ijecame liis «luty to help provide for the large family. He received his education in the common schools of La Crosse County and learned the blacksmith trade at West Salem, followinur o his trade until tiie time of his marriage. May 24, 1877, he wedded C. Delia Serviss. Her parents, natives of Canada, came to Wis- consin at an early date. William Gordon Serviss, her father, was an old soldier in the Thirtieth Wisconsin Regiment and served through the Rebellion, and is still living in this State. Mrs. Vaughan is well educated, and had taujjht school before her marriage. Mr. Vaughan came to Clark County in 1883 and engaged in the hardware business with Charles Carter, at Neillsville. Liberal in his dealings and public-spirited in all beneficent causes, he has by close attention 2Ji iJioaUArjncAL uitiruuy of tu business and strict integrity won a large circle of friends and secured a trade vvliicii is rapidly increasing. Was Supervisor of the Tliird Ward three years ago and served on various committees, lie is the vice-presi- dent and member of the board of directors of "The Neillsville Basket & Box Manufac- turing Company," located in Neillsville. lie, with other enterprising citizens, organized this new manufacturing company with a paid up capital of $15,000. R. Demhnrst, presi- dent ; II. N. Wither, Secretai-y ; C. C. Suite- man, Treasurer. — ~-'V^«f"i«— — ■ .ONOllABLE JOHN R. STURDE- VANT, of Neillsville, attorney and counsellor at law, is a representative of one of the pioneer families of Clark County> being a son of James W. Sturdevant, who settled in the town of Pine Valley, in June, 1854. James W. is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Warren County, in September, 1816, where he grew to manhood. In 1842 he emigrated with his family to Jefferson Coun- ty, Iowa, and later to Lee County, same State. In 1854, as already stated, the family came to Clark County, and still reside on the farm on which they first settled, and which he purchased of the Government. He lias been prominently identified with the devel- opment of his town, and is an honest, up- right and worthy citizen. He was Town Treasurer when Clark County consisted of but one town, and was a member of the Board of County Commissioners for many years. His chief occupation in life has been farming, in which he has attained success. He has taken an important part in many im- provements, and has built by contract about eight miles of turnpike, constituting a part of the main Black River road. Mr. Sturde- vant has also attained considerable reputation as a successful bee-keeper, and has the honor of having brought into this county the first swarm of bees. On attaining to the years of manhood he was united in marriage to his present wife, Mary Ann French, who was born in Vermont, in August, 1817, but re- moved with her parents to the State of New Jersey, and thence to Warren County, Penn- sylvania. Considering their somewhat ad- vanced age, they are worthy representatives of the pioneer element of Clark County, that is now fast disappearing. They were the parents of six children, five sons and one daughter: the latter, named Nancy, died in childhood. There are three survivino; sons: the eldest, Robert S., is a lawyer by profes- sion, and now occupies the position of Cir- cuit Judge, and resides at Dayton, Columbia County, Washington. He is a member of the late constitutional convention of that State. James F. lives at the old homestead in Pine Valley. David Marshall, a deceased brother, died a number of years ago in Pine Valley, leaving a family. He was an energetic and successful business man, and a worthy citi- zen. Gilderoy, the other deceased brother, died in early manhood. John R. Sturdevant, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, and educated in the public schools. He was about nine years of age when he came with his father's family to' Clark County. He served in the war of the Rebellion as a member of Com- pany I, Fourteenth AVisconsin Volunteer In- fantry, enlisting in 1863, and serving until the close of the war. He was mustered out October 'J, 1865. He served with his regi- ment in several important battles antl cam- paigns. He took f)art in Banks' unfortunate Red River campaign, serving in A. J. Smith's division, which covered Bank's re- treat. He was with his regiment at Mem- VLAHK AND JACKSON UOLfNTIBS. •J95 jiliit*, Guiituwn, Spaiiisli Fort, Fort l>lal to farming. The family con- sistecl of five children: Horace, Elizabeth, William E., Charles T. and Frank H. Charles T., the sul)ject of this notice, was a young child when his parents brought him to the wilds of the frontier, and there he grew to manhood, surrounded by all the vicissitudes and privations of pioneer life. He received his first lessons in the primitive log school-house, and during the vacations assisted his father in the work at home. When he was sixteen years old ho went with his parents to Fond du Lac County, and there he boiran farmiii": on his own account. He remained tlierc^ until 1871, and then came to Clark County, and i)urchased eighty acres of timl)er land which be has since made his home. As his means wouhi admit he has invested in land until he now owns 280 acres, situated (^n sections II and 12, Heaser Town- shili and section .JI. Oreen (irove Township. 29C bioghai'iiical ih^touy of Fifty acres of this land have been converted from the wild state in which nature left them, to one of advanced cultivation. To accom- plis^h this has been an undei'taking of no small magnitude. It should be remembered, too, that Mr. Haskin has been unaided by any iinancial assistance in his business, and that all his success is due to his own merit. In 1864, December 15, this worthy gentle- man was united in marriage to Miss Mary R. Woodworth, of Fond du Lac County. She WHS born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, October 17, 1846, and is a daughter of Harvey and Emaline (Brush) Woodworth, natives of the State of New York. They removed to Wis- consin in 1844, and located in Milwaukee; thence they went to Fond du Lac County, and about tlie year 1874 they moved to Ne- braska, where they are now making their home. Mr. and Mrs. Haskin have had born to them live children: Laura, deceased; Kosa, William, John and Charles T. — ~^'V'^^^^^*'-•~ — • ^N DREW HEATH, a farmer of Fremont Township, Clark County, Wisconsin^ was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, December 9, 1833, the eldest son of a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters. His father was a Vermont farnier of the hardy and sturdy class, and settled in St. Lawrence County, in wilderness times. Andrew's mother, whose maiden name was Rebecca Seaver, was one of eleven children, two sons and nine daughters. Both families were of English extraction, and trace their ancestry through a number of generations. Jehiel Heath, the father, was a man of sturdy traits of character. Of the sous, Henry and Martin answered the call of their country at the lircaking out of the Rebellion and entered the service, Henry enlisting in Company J, Eighth New York Cavalry, and Martin in Company G, One Hundi-ed and Sixth New York Lifantry. Henry was wounded and died from the effects of his injuries Septem- ber 12, 1862, while Martin served out the time of his enlistment and now lives in Wood County, this State. Horace, the other living son, and the remaning one of the living sisters (Mrs. Sarah Rollins) live near the home of the subject of this sketch in the township of Fremont. Their parents came West in 1867, settling in the township of Grant, but later took up a homestead in wliat was then the township of Lynn, a portion of which has since been erected into the town- ship of Fremont. Jehiel Heath died in 1876, a long sufferer from chronic diarrhea; but his wife is still living and in the enjoyment of fair health. Their eldest daughter lived to womanhood, married Philander Chase, reared four children and died in 1862, five years before her parents came West. October 1, 1863, Mr. Andrew Heath mar- ried Miss Paulina Kennedy, who was born in Essex County, New York, in 1839, and she was one of a family of five sons and six daughters: the early progenitors of her father came from L'eland. Her grandfather was a Protestant and an early pioneer of Essex County. Mrs. Heath's eldest brother, in 1863, during the late civil war, enlisted, was shot through the lungs by a rebel liuUet, re- turned home and lived twelve years, though never rol)ust in health. Mrs. Heath and her sister Ellen were teachers in New York State, in their younger days, at a time when " board- ing around" was the custom for teachers. Mrs. Heath taught nine terms in Essex County, and continued in the profession for eight yeais after coming to Clark County. Here she was the tirst to teach pnlilic school in the town of I'^remont, using a room in her CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIKH. 297 own house the first winter, as the school- house was not built until the s-pring t'oUow- ino;. She was a nieniher of the Baptist Church at Jay, Essex County, New York, anil also of the choir there. Her motlier's lainily came from a long line of English an- cestry by the name of Parish, and they first settled at Plattsburg, New York. At the time of the battle of Plattsburg her motlier was four years of age, and to the day of her death bore a distinct remembrance of many incidents on that memorable day. On her lather's side her ancestry were long-lived. Her father lived to the age of eiglity years, and two of his brothers ))assed tlie ninetieth mile-post. All throu E RT SC 11 F I E L D, a prominent farmer, stock-raiser and lumberman of section 8, township 26, range 2, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Dryden Township, Tompkins County, New York, February 2, 1836, the son of Baxter J. Scho- tield, deceased, a native of Connecticut. The latter was a son of Baxter J., Sr., who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Our sub- ject's mothei-, 7t,ee Charlotte English, was a native of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York, and a daughter of Hezekiah Tomp- kins, also a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and of English ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Schotield had ten children, five of whom still survive: Joel, Hezekiah, Robert, Keziali J. and Cliarlotte. The subject of this sketch remained with his parents until he was thirteen years of ao'e, when he left home and commenced to do for. himself. lie worked in saw-mills at various points in New York State, and after- ward went to Paw Paw, Van Buren County, Michigan, in 1852, where he also worked in the saw-mills. In 1853 he came to Two Rivers, Manitowoc County, AVisconsin, where he was sawyer in Harvey & Stnoke's mills for some time. In 1855 he came to this county, and worked in the woods in the Black River, where he rafted and sawed logs. In 1863 he engaged in business for himself, and now owns 400 acres of land, of which 150 acres are improved. His barn is 56 x 110 feet, and 26 x 22 feet posts, and from the ground to the comb is tifty-four feet. His house is one of the finest in the county. Mr. Schotield was married in 1870 to Al- raeria Burt, a daughter of Reuel Burt, de- ceased. They have three children: Grace, Hugh and Almeria. Mr. Schotield is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., subordinate encamp- ment, and in his political views is a Repub- lican. Mrs. Schotield is a Baptist religiously, and is an accomplished teacher of vocal music. Mr. Schotield owns and occupies one of the best equipped dwelling-houses in the county, which contains all the modern con- veniences AVID H. WILLIAMS was born in England in 1846, son of Ethan and Mary Williams. His parents both lived to be seventy years old, and died in England. He came to America in the fall of 1865, and located in Albany, Green County, AVisconsin, where he remained about nine years. Like many others who sought a home in our free America, Mr. Williams came here without money and was dependent upon his own ex- ertions for a livelihood. He began work at $20 per month, and in the woods earned $40 a month. For several years he spent the winters in the woods, and the summers at farm work. Wiiile in Green County he was raaried, in 1876, to Elizabeth Loyd, who is seven years his junior. She is also a native of England, was brought to this country when four years old, and received her educa- tion in Green County, AVisconsin. One child has been l)orn to them, which at this writing is four years old. CLARK Ahl) JACKSON GOUI^TIEH. aoi Mr. Williams landed in Clark Connty witli his wife and with a capital of only $16. He worked faithfully, and about thirteen years ago bought the farm upon which he now re- sides. It consists of 200 acres, and is located two miles from Neillsville, in section 22, Pine Valley Township. lie is one of the many who have come to this country without means, and by their own industry have possessed themselves with comfortable homes and have risen to positions of wealth and in- fluence. His farm is a valuable one, and is well stocked with cattle, sheep, etc. While Mr. AVilliams is a Kepublican, lie believes in votino; for the man rather than the ]>arty. I»-*3t-— — H.EP.RE, Superintendent of the County Farm of Clark County, was born in 1' Denmark, August 4, 1887, and is a son of Hans and Boddel (flansen) Ebbe, also natives of Denmark. The father was a farmer by occupati(jn; he died in 184:7, am} the mother was called to her eternal rest in 1883. They were the parents of ten children: Robert, John, Hans, Louis, John, C H., our subject, Nelley, Hannah, Anna, and an in- fant, deceased. The three eldest sons served in the Danish army, and Louis and C. H. served the King of Denmark, Frederick the VII, as body guards. Mr. Ebbe was raised in his native land, and there received the substantial education which that Government furnislies to all lier subjects. It was not until 18G3 that he bade farewell to the scenes of his childhood, and set sail for America. After landing he came at once to Jefferson County, Wisconsin, and secured work on a farm by the month; at the end of the first year he lemoved to Dane County, Wisconsin, and there worked a farm on the shares for two years. By that time he had saved some money which he decided to invest in real estate; he went to Wood County, Wis- consin, and purchased forty acres of forest, which he cleared and [daced under cultiva- tion. For seventeen years he has had inter- ests in tlie logging of the lumber regions for which Wisconsin is noted. In 1880 he came to Clark County, and bought forty acres on section 27, York Town- ship, which he cleared up and improved with substantial buildings. In 1886 he had the honor to be elected by the County Board of Supervisors, Superintendent of the County Poor Farm; he has been faithful to the trust reposed in him and has shown much ability in his management of ihe same. Poliiically he atliliiites with the Republican party, and is a strong adherent to its ])rinciples. He is a member of Lodge No. 1U8, I. O. (). F., of Neillsville. Mr. Ebbe was married June 25, 1862, to Miss Mai'y Larson, a native of Denmark, who died December 1, 1863; one child was borti of this union, Mary. Mr. Eiibe was acain married Marcli 1, 1864, to Mary Sorenson, also of Danish birth, the date being Novem- ber 11, 1835; she is a daughter of Sorenson and Anna (Peterson) Nelson, natives of Den- mark. The apparent conti-adiction in the names of th(*se persons is explained by a cus- tom peculiar to Denmark. Mr. and Mrs. Ebbe had born to them two sons: Hans died at the age of eighteen years, and John is a farmer of York Township; he was united in marriage in 1890 to Miss Mildred Steinfeldt. — — g - 3 .. ; - 5 .>^ — [^IllAM PALMER was born in Lewis County, New York, May 25, 1833, son of Harvey and Emelirio Palmer, both now deceased Th(>y came to Wisconsin in yo3 BIOOBAPEICAL fllSTORi" OF 1856 with a family of six children, four of wliom are still living. The subject of this sketch, in the year 1851. when only eighteen years old, came to Clark County, this State, and began life as a teamster, drawing logs. His education was obtained in the common schools of New York. For many years after coming to Wisconsin he made logging his especial business, the first year clearing $1,100. Previous to that year he had failed in an enterprise, but was afterward able to pay up every cent of his indebtedness and be even with the world again. As the result of his own industry and economy he is now the owner of a nice little farm of eighty acres, located on section 16, Tine Valley Township. In 1860 Mr. Palmer was married to a Miss Tucker, who was born August 6, 1833. Her fatiier and mother both died in the State of New York. Of the three children that have blessed this union, two were educated in the public schools, and one died in infancy. The oldest son, Weston Palmer, was married to Miss Katie Malston, and is now a resident of Neillsville. The daughter, Jessie, is married to I>. A. Scott, of Duluth, Wisconsin. Mr. Palmer is now chairman of the Board, which position he has continuously held for fifteen years. He has been Sheriff of Clark County one term. Politically he is a Democrat. lel ■ » ! > ■ g l | T « / 1 1 1 i n fACOB ASTOR JOHNSON, one of the mt)st respected citizens of Melrose, was born in Otego, New York, a son of Jacob and Betsey (^Davidson) Johnson, who were natives of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. His paternal grandfather, Barachiah Johnson, was also a native of the same county. His maternal grandparents were Richard and Elizabeth (Beach) Davidson, the former a native of Hartford County, Connecticut, and the latter of New York. The two grand- fathers were in the Revolutionary vvar. Our subject has four brothers and three sisters, namely: John J., William L., Delevan, Bara- chiah, Lydia, wife of Amon Taylor, of New York; Olinda, wife of Henry Richards, of New York; Betsey, wife of John Taylor, of New York. Mr. Johnson spent most of his early life in his native State. Four years and a half he lived in Massachusetts, and while there reached his majority, and there cast his first vote, it being for General William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States. In 1857 he caiue to Wisconsin, locating in Melrose Township, Jackson County, where he engaged in the lumber business. He built the first saw-mill of any consequence in Mel- rose Township, in which he afterward took an interest. Three years afterward the mill was destroyed by fire. Mr. Johnson had de- voted his spare hours to the study of law, a,nd was admitted to the bar in 1858. His fellow-citizens, recognizing his efficiency, elected him District Attorney in 1862, and at the ensuing election in 1864 he was re- elected to the same office. When he first came to this county few improvements had been made, and it possessed no railroad ad- vantages. He has taken an active interest in the politics of the county; has been chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Melrose Town- ship, and ex-otficio member of the County Board, and for one year chairman of the County Board of Supervisors. He is temperate in all things, and on the question of temperance he is radical; and to these views and his firm convictions the vil- lage of Melrose owes much of its sobriety and prosperity. Away back in 1852, in the early organization of the Good Templars, he con- nected himself with that order, and was a CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 303 delegate from Flj Creek Lodge. Otsego County, New York, to the first grand lodge meeting ever lield, wliicli convened at Itliaca, New York, wlien a new and complete ritnal of tlie order was made. He volunteered to take tlie first initiatory service for the pur- pose of demonstrating the workings of the new ritual. In 1865 he organized Melrose Lodge, No. 222, I. O. G. T., which has now over fifty members, including himself and family. In 1867 he was elected Grand Councilor of the Graiid Lodge of Wisconsin, when he began lecturing in the interest of temperance, and organizing lodges in differ- ent counties in the State. lie ha.s organized between 150 and 200 lodges, and by his elo- quence and earnestness induced thousands to connect tliemselves with this great temper- ance order, which lias saved hundreds from filling drunkards' graves. Many happy homes, filled with the comforts of life, can be traced back to the influences of this benevolent or- ganization. Three attempts have been made in Melrose to carry on a liquor trade in con- nection with other lines of business, but meetings were held by the good citizens, Mr. Johnson being a leading spirit in such meet- ings. Resolutions would be passed l)oycotting the merchant, and he would, like the Arab, fold up his tent and silently steal away. So tiie township of Melrose has never been cursed by the sale of licpior. May 3, 1846, Mr. Johnson married Miss Matilda Herkimer, daughter of Henry G. and Silvia (Martin) Herkimer, who was born in Her- kimer County, New York, wiiich was named after Mrs. Johnson's great-grandfather, who was a member of the Safety Committee in the time of the Hevolutionary war. Mr. Johnson has had the following named chil- dren: Orinda S., now the wife of Sidney K. Davis, of Clark County; Mary B., wife of Lewis B. Marsh, of the same county; the youngest, Carroll B., a thoroughgoing young business man now filling the responsible po- sition of bookkeeper in the First National Bank at Stevens' Point, Wisconsin. Mr. Joimson was for many years a Repub- lican, and was closely identified with the for- nuition of that party. Ho is now a strong Prohibitionist, or third-party man. During his long residence in the county he has ever sustained a reputation for integrity and good citizenship, and his voice has alwaj's i)een iieard advocating principles of morality atid temperance. The world is better by having such men livinir in it. ^ELSON MARSH, a farmer residing on f/J section 11, Grant Township, Clark C!ounty, was l)orn in Middletown, Penn- sylvania, August 14, 1828. His father, a native of New York State, died in February, 1853. Nelson was reared in Middletown, where he received the benefits of a fair edu- cation. He worked with his father in the cooper and shoe shops until 1853, the time of his father's death. December 15, 1851, Mr. Marsh wedded Amanda R. Taylor, who was born September 1, 1831. To them seven children have been l)orn, six of whom are living, namely: Joseph, Lewis, Malvina, Sylvester L., Alva and Spen- cer M. His childi'en have all oeen well edu- cated and are all filling honorable positions in life. Mr. Marsh has always favored the public-school system, and stands to-day a champion for the Bennett law, believing it should be sustained by the people. The subject of our sketch has been a resi- dent of Wiscon.sin since he was twenty-nine years old. During the war he had an incli- nation to enter the service of his country, b\it was prevented from doing so. He was 304 BIOQBAPHIOAL HISTORY OF drafted into tlie service, however, and imme- diatelf; joined the army, being placed in Company C, Third Wisconsin Infantry. Three weeks after the war was over he was taken sick and sent to different hospitals, where he remained three months and a lialf. He received his discharge August 3, 1865. When he first came to Wisconsin he bought eighty acres of land near Maple Works, which he still owns. Since that time Mr. Marrii has been variously employed, and has served the public in a number of ways. He has been Town Clerk two years, Supervisor two years, and Magistrate thirty years. He has been ir*ostmaster of Maple Works for many years, and at this writing still holds that office. He has also had many years' ex- perience in the hotel business in Maple Works. Politically he is a Republican. ■^Mf- < M-4fr»' ' ;TTA F. WALTERS, another one of Mji. the thrifty farmers of Clark County, ^^«f^ resides in section 33, Grant Township. He was born in Saxony, Germany, September 30, 1845, and came to AVashington County, Wisconsin, with iiis parents wlien he was nine years old. His fatlier had a family of six children, four sons and two daugiiters. The youngest child is deceased, and tiie parents also died, in Washington County. Mr. Walters' father was a very industrious man. After he came here he cleared eighty acres of land, and wlien he died he left a hne farm of 100 acres. The subject of our sketch remained with his parents until he was twenty-four years old. December 23, 1872, he was united in marriage with Augusta Schoenzarth, also a native of Germany. They have seven chil- dren, namely: Hulda, Albert, Ida, Melvina, Otta, Selma and Paulina. Five of them are attending the public schools. Previous to his marriage, in 1868, Mr. Walters bought his present farm, sixty five acres of wliiuh lie has cleared, there lieing 200 acres in all. At the time of purchase it was covered with heavy timber, and there were no roads near. He at once went to work to clear the land and helped to build the roads, and soon the place began to assume a different appearance. Four years ago he built a nice barn witii a basement under it. Like many of the pioneer settlers of this district, Mr. Walters spent much of his time in the lumber camps during the winter. In speaking of his early ex- perience here, he says that the first cow he bouglit he was unable to pay for, so he bor- rowed the money of three different persons and made the payment. He is a member of the Town Board, is Assessor, and for several years has been District Clerk of Schools. He \vas elected to tiie latter office the first year after he came liere, and has held it ever since. Mr. AV^ alters sold the first reaper that was sold in the county. He is now acting as agent for the Concordia Fire Insurance Cduipany of Milwaukee. fPvEDERICK BUKER, of section 19, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Ilolzhausen, Prussia, September 13, 1840, the sou of Hermann Biiker (de- ceased), also a native of Germany. The lat- ter brought ills family to the United States in the spring of 1847, settling in Shebo^'gan County, Wisconsin, and at that time there were l)ut two stores in the village of that name. They could find no shelter, but made booths of brush until they could buihl a cabin. They settled in the wilderness ten miles north- west of Slieboygan, in wliat is now the town of Herman. Wild animals and Indians were dlvij Ma^ CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 305 niimeroiis, hut the latter were not trouble- some, siiui often tradc'i with the family. They were the parents of eleven children, five of whom still survive: Frederick, Emelia, Con- rad, Henry and Mary; but the last three are Mrs. Bilker's children by a subsequent marriage. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a limited education in the public schools of ills native country. lie was a soldier in the late war, in Company C, Twenty-seventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infan- try, serving three years. He was in the bat- tle of Saline Bottom, where, with nine others, lie stood and fought until the nine were killed and wounded, leaving him alone. The Rebels had si.x men to one Union man, but the latter came out victorious. He was also in many other engagements, and at the surrendei- of Mobile, where 263 guns wore taken from the Rel)ol8 in one day. Ue came out without a scratch, except as a ball grazed his right ear and burned it, but had several holes shot through his clothing. Mr. Bilker's company was composed mostly of Germans, and some of them could neither read nor write English, and he wrote many letters for them to their friends at home. After the war Mr. Bilker resumed fanning in Sheboygan County, which he continued until the fall of 1873, when he came to this county, settling in Warner Township, which has since been his home. It was then a dense woods, l)ut he cleared thirty-five acres on sec- tion 24, range 3 west. In 1875 he settled on his present farm of 400 acres, 110 of which he lias since cleared. Mr. Bilker has been Assessor of his town four years; Chairman of the Town I'oard three years, and in buth of these otKces did e.xcellent work for the people. lie was married December 22, 1865, to Charlotte Sharper, and they have had seven children, five of whom are now livincr, viz.: Fred W., Edwin II., Amelia, George and Bertha, all of whom are at lK)me. The family arc members of the {merman Reformed (Immanuel) Church, rolitically Mr. lUiker is a Republican, and socially a member of the A. O. U. W., Sons of Hermann, and also Se- lect Knights. ..... ;r . ;. .;. g H^ fEtiOME B. MILLER, the moving spirit of the village of Alma Center, Jackson County, was born August 12, 1846, in Sherman, Chautaucjua County, Now York, and is a son of AVilliam and Rachel (Heath) Miller. His ancestors, as far as records show, were natives of New York State, his father having been born there February 11, 1811, and in 1855 moved to Illinois, and from there in 1865 to Wisconsin, settling in Alma Center, where he died July 1, 1889, and is there buried. The mother is still living, spending much of her time with our subject at his home in Alma Center. M. G. F. Joel Heath left New York, coming to Wisconsin in the '50s, and was one of the old pioneers, that part of the State being sparsely settled at that lime. Mr. Miller was educated at the Union liiirh o school at Marengo, Illinois. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Illinois Infantry, and served until Noveml)er, 1864, when he was honor- ably discharged. In December, 1864, he went to the oil regions of Pennsylvania and struck for oil. He was there when the crash came, and sold out for $4,000 what he had onco refused to sell for $40,000! AVhile there he met Miss Ella Gildersleeve, whom he mari'ied May 23, 1873. She is a daugh- ter of Ezra and Mary Gildersleeve, of Mer- cer County, P<>nnsylvania. They have had two children, Roy and Olive. roc BIOGRAPHICAL UlSTORT OF In 1873 he came to Wisconsin, settling in Alma Center, engaging in the hardware busi- ness, which he continued alone until 1879, when he took into partnership his brother, E. A. Miller, and the firm until 1887 was J. B. Miller & Bro., when it was incorpo- rated under the laws of Wisconsin as the Miller Hardware and Lumber Company, with a paid up capital of $30,000, and having two places of business, located at Alma Center and Uixton. The Alma Center house is in charo-e of J. B., and the Hixton house is watched over by E. A. These two brothers own the entire block of the corporation. In addition to the large sales of hardware, lum- ber, lime, cement, etc., they do a banking business at both places. They own a farm in Northfield, which is at present cultivated by tenants; also several hundred acres of timber land in Clark County. Mr. Miller has four brothers and four sisters, namely: Addie M., widow of H. M. Briggs, living in McKean County, Pennsyl- vania; J. S.; Ann, wife of Oscar Heath, of Midway, Wisconsin ; Amy M., wife of Joseph Metcalf, ex-Sheriff of Jackson County; Helen A., wife of Calvin Niles, of Merril- Ion, Wisconsin; A. E., M. J. and Edwin A. The family is remarkable for longevity. Until the death of his father there was an unbroken household. The oldest brother is now tifty-five years of age, and the youngest has just passed the thirtieth mile-post of life. Mr. Miller for a long time was the only man engaged in mercantile business in Alma Center; but by his energy and persistency the village has increased until it is now a prosperous town of several hundred inhabi- tants, surrounded by a prosperous and thrifty farming community. He is a public-spirited citizen, and is ready to aid any cause that will benefit Alma Center. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., F. & A. M., and P. C. Judkins Post, G. A. 11., No. 87, in which he takes a lively interest. In politics he is a stanch Republican, and says he sells nails for less than the Democrats claim is the tariff on them. ICIIAEL McCAFFERY, of section 31, Thorp Township, Clark County, ^^^ was born in Cedarbnrgh, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, September 6, 1849, the son of Philip and Mary (Ilickey) McCaffery, the former a native of County Westmeatii, and the latter of County Carlow, Ireland. They had nine children, six of whom are now living, viz.: Michael, James, Bernard, Joseph, Julia and John. One daughter, Catharine, died at the age of thirteen years, and a son, Eugene, died at the age of fourteen years. The father was brought to the United States by his parents when twelve years old, and Urst lived six years in Fall River, Connecti- cut, and then came to Cedarburgh, Wiscon- sin, where he engaged in farming three miles north of that city. He now resides in Green Bay, this State. The subject of this sketch came with iiis parents to Brown County, Wisconsin, in 1855, settling on a farm, where he re- ceived a limited education. His father tlien went to the war, and he had the principal care of the family in his absence. In tiie spring of 1871 he went to Chicago, and the following fall came to this county, where he took care of a logging camp during the sum- mers, and worked as a wood-butcher in the winters. In the fall of 1873 he came to his present farm of 160 acres, eighty-two of which is cleared, and forty of which lies on section 16, this township. Mr. McCaffery worked three years for the railroads, in esti- mating timber on the lands granted to the CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 307 coiTipaiiies. He has also been engaged in logging several winters. Mr. McCatfery has been Town Treasurer two years, Assessor for the past five years, School Director six years, and is now a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic fraternities. Mr. McCafFery was married April 2, 1883, to Anna, daughter of William Jerard, of this township, and they have three children: Hazel, Philip and Jeannctte. — — >^S- 2 " ;'^ -- — ilLLTAM JERARD, of section 23 't Thorji Township, Clark County, was born in Hammond Township, Jeffer- son County, JMew York, March 22, 1834, the son of William and Phcebe (Vincent) Jerard, both deceased, the former a native of Devon- shire, England, and the latter of the State of New York. The father came to the United States when a young man, and settled near Watertown, New York. Of the parents' seven children, four survive, viz.: Lucinda, now Mrs. Jerome Foster, of this county; William, our subject; Henry Vincent, who resides in this township; and Jane, Mrs. James Tousley, of Watertown, New York. The father lost his life in the Union army during the late war. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native county, where he also learned the carpenter's trade when a young man. He was a soldier in the late war, in Company F, Tenth New York Heavy Artillery, served three years, and participated in the battle of the Wilderness and also in the capture of Petersburg and Richmond. He came to Ju- neau County, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1867, where he worked at his trade mostly until the fall of 1873, when he came to this county and took up a homestead, on which he settled May 14, 1874. At that time diere were no roads, and the country was inhabited by wild animals and Indians. His nearest postoffice was Edson, in Chippewa County, ten miles distant. He first worked at lumbering several winters, taking contracts from the Eau Claire Lumber Company. Mr. Gerard now owns a fine farm of eighty acres, thirty of which is cleared. He was married in March, 1850, to Dorcas Warner, daughter of Stephen AVarner, do- ceased. They have had four children, two of whom still survive: Anna, now Mrs. Michael McCaffery, of this city; and Jeanette, who keeps house for her father. The mother died in February, 1890. Mr. Jerard has been Town Treasurer one year; a member of the Side Board one j'ear; chairman of the Board four years; a member of the School Board eight years; Justice of the Peace four years, and has been several times elected to the latter office, but refused to serve. Politically he is a Republican. fOWARD A. EHLE, of Abbotsford, Clark County, was born in Cazenovia, Sullivan County, New York, June 8, 1841, the son of Harrison Ehle, deceased who was born in the Mohawk Valley, near Canajoharie. In 1851 he emigrated to Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, and settled in the wild woods of Forrest Township. He and his sons cleared eighty acres, and were sur- rounded with Indians, mostly the Winne- bago and Manitowoc tribes. Edward A., our subject, was reared to farm life, and received his education in a log cabin, with pine-logs for seats, and with a shed roof made of scoops. He was a soldier in the late war in Company II, Thirty-seventh Wisconsin Vol- unteer Infantry, served two and a half years, 308 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF and was in the battles of Cold Harbor, Ber- muda Hundred, siege of Petersburg, Weidon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Fort Hall, and others. He was not seriously wounded, but had a slight flesh wound on his neck over the jugular vein, and also had several holes shot in his clothing, and on the Weidon raid had his canteen split open. After the war Mr. Ehle resumed farming on the old homestead until January, 1874, when he came to Colby, this county, but set- tled just across the lino in Marathon County. Wild game was then plentiful, and he shot hundreds of deer and a few bear, but declin- ing health caused him to leave this farm, and iti 1888 he removed to Colby. On May 20, 1890, he settled in Abbotsford, wiiere he en- gaged in the saloon and hotel business. He keeps a quiet house, and never sells to an in- toxicated man. Mr. Ehle was married No- vember 30, 1869, to Miss Melissa Carpenter, a daughter of Henry and Maria (Westen- house) Carpenter. The father is deceased, and the mother now lives with our subject. Mr. and Mrs. Ehle have four children: Edna, born October 7, 1870; Edward A., November 25, 1873; Marshall P., April 1, 1882, and Madge, January 21, 1884. While in Greene Townsliip, Marathon County, Mr. Ehle was a member of the Side Board. Socially he is a member of the G. A. R., and politically votes for the man regardless of party. fRED D. WINTER, of Thorp, but late of Ardell, Shel)oygan County, Wisconsin, was born near Kolow, Germany, April 1. 1849, the son of Fred Winter, deceased. The father brought his family to the United States in 1864, settling in Sheboygan County, this Stale. Our subject soon began work for himself, and first went to North Dakota, where he spent fifteen years in tiiat State, California, and other parts of the West. At one time he owned 800 acres of land in Trail County, Dakota, but has since sold it. He also ran a stage and carried the mail from Hillsboro to Newburg for three years; next kept a hotel in Caledonia, Moorhead and Fargo, North Dakota, and then settled on his farm, where he remained eight years. He subsequently returned to Sheboygan County, remained three years, after which he sold out and returned to California. He again re- turned to Sheboygan County, and in 1890 came to Thorp, where he owns property and is engaged in a meat market. Mr. Winter was married in May, 1873, to Dora S. Spingler. HviENJAMIN BRUNO, a lumberman of Thorp, was born in Charlotte, Vermont, December 6, 1852, the son of Thomas and Mary (Bernard) Bruno, both natives of Canada. They were the parents of twelve children, eight now living, namely: Lewis, Charles, Mary, Sarah, Benjamin, Leander, Alonzo and Lorenzo (twins). The father was a soldier in the patriotic war in Canada, but subsequently the j)arents moved to Gi-een Bay, Wisconsin, in 1866, where the father died in 1869. After her husband's death the mother married Benjamin Major, and re- moved to Canada. The subject of this sketch received a lim- ited education in his native State, where he also worked in the shintcle mills until the fall of 1879. In that year he came to Ste- vens' Point, and thence, in the fall of 1880 to Thorp, where he remained until 1884. Next he removed to Batenian, this State, where he worked in a shingle-mill for Charles E. Parks & Co. until 1S87, and then retui'tied CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 309 to this city. Wlien he first came liero tliere were hut two houses, whicli heloiiged to J. S. & E. A. Boardiuan. George Lesley moved to this place the same fall, and kept a hotel in the old railroad camp. Mr. Bruno has run the shingle mill for Nye, Lusk & Hud- son every summer since returning to this place, and has logged for the same firm during the winters. He was married June 4, 1875, to Elizaheth Delauey, a daughter of James C. De'aney, of Howard, l>rown County, Wisconsin. They liave had six children, five now living: May, born May 1, 1876; Annetta, May 14, 1878; Alice M., January 11, 1881; Frank G., No- vember 23, 1883, and William G., February 18, 1889. One son, Lyman G., died in his second year. -^^^'^'I— ^ETFR SCHROEDER, of Thorp, Clark County, was born near the Rhine, Prus- sia, November 4, 1843. He came with his parents to the United States in 1850, settling near Madison, where they remained oneyeir; thence to Dent County, Wisconsin; in 1853 to Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa; and in 1855 to Faribault County, Minnesota. In 1880 our subject came to this county, settling at Thorp, where he has since remained. At that time there was not a turnpike here, and but few houses. He has been in the saloon business most of the time, but now has his business rented. He also has a saloon rented in Washburn, Bayfield County, Wisconsin. Mr. Schroeder was a soldier in the late war, in Company F, Fifth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and served from March 19 to Novemlier 8, when he was discharged on account of sickness. January 1, 1864, he re-enlisted, in Company II, Sec- ond Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry, and serve- on a farm in Minnesota. |0I;LE DOWNER, a highly respected farmer, residing on section 36, York Township, was born in Stockholm, New York, in the county of St. Lawrence, August 7, 1852. His parents, Joel and Eliza A. (Nichols) Downer, were natives of Vermont and New York respectively. The father lived in his birthplace until he was twelve years of age, when he went to Essex County, New York. There he afterwards met and married Lavinia Nichols, by whom he had two children: Lucy and one who died in infancy. Mrs. Downer died in Essex County, New York, about live years after her mar- riage. Later on Mr. Downer removed to St. Lawrence County, New York, and settled in Stockholm, where he married a second time, this utiion being with Eliza A. Nichols, a sister of liis first wife. She was born in Crown Point, New York, April 8, 1828, and was a daughter of Elbie and Lucy (Holdino-) Nichols, natives of New York and Vermont respectively. They had live children born to them: Noble, the subject of this notice, Mariette, deceased; Homer, mention of whom is made later on in this volume; Cora L., and Carrie L. In 1864 Mr. Downer re- moved with his family from St. Lawrence County, New York, to Clark County, Wis- consin, and settled on a farm on section 36, olO BIOGRAPHICAL llISTORi OF of wliat is now York Township; there he spent the remainder of his days, passing away February 12, 1889, at the age of seventy- iive years; his wife still survives, and makes her home with her son, Homer. When Joel Downer came to Clark County he bought forty acres of land on which he settled; it was a dense forest, and there were no roads, and there was only an occasional cabin built in the woods. He and his family were subjected to all the hardships of pioneer life, but they were determined, brave and willing, and success has been their reward. In politics he adhered to the principles of the Kepublican party. To return to the subject of this brief sketch: Noble Downer was reared to his eleventh year in the county of his birth, when his parents removed to Clark County, Wisconsin. He attended the common schools of that day, and acquired an education that fitted him for ordinary business pursuits. His father being a farmer by occupation, he was trained to this work, and at the age of twenty-two years he settled on a farm of his own. He has a tract of sixty acres, to the development of which he has given much thought and labor; he has made all the im- proveirients, and all the surroundings bespeak his wise management and thrift. During the winter season he is engaged in one of the leading industries of Wisconsin, logging in the pineries. In his political views he adheres to the ideas set forth by the Repiiblican party. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, at Maple Works. Mr. Downer was united in wedlock, in 1873, to Miss Malinda Johnson, of Grant Township, Clark County, Wisconsin. She was born in the State of Pennsylvania, in 1854, and is a dauehter of elosiah and Susanna Johnson. Eiicht children have ijeeu born to Mr. and Mrs. Downer: Noble, deceased; Albion, Joel, Richard, Frank, Gertrude, Niel and Bessie. ISOMER DOWNER, a successful agricul- turist, section 36, York Township, was born in Stockholm, St.Lawrence County, New York, November 24, 1856. He is a son of Joel and Eliza A. (Nichols) Downer, a full history of whom is given in the preceding biographical sketch. When he was a lad of eight years his parents decided to remove to Clark County, Wisconsin, where they con- sidered they could give better opportunities to their children than in the more thickly settled section of New York; so that our subject spent his youth on the frontier, and there became inured to the hardships of agricultui'al life. He acquired his education in the pioneer schools, and during the sum- mer season assisted his father on the farm. The task of clearing a farm from out the heart of a dense forest, requires both energy and perseverance, and the men who have aided in this great labor are apt to be of a remarkably sturdy type. In the winter sea- sons Mr. Downer has been engaged to a con- siderable extent in the business of logging. Politically he is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Republican party. In the year 1884, June 7, he was united in marriacce to Miss Minnie Davis, a daughter of Theodore and Caroline (Huntly) Davis. She is a native of Clark County, Wisconsin, born .Fune 5, 1866. To Mr. and Mrs. Downer have been born two children: Hazel and Callie. A NIEL J. KINNE, a prosperous farmer, residing on section 17, Loyal Township, was born in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, February 22, 1845. His CLARE AM) JACKSON COUNTIKti. 311 parents, Jetforson aiidJaiie (Ilaiikiiis) Kinno, were natives of New York and Vermont respectively; tliey were married in tlie town of New Berlin, AVaukesha County, Wiscon- sin, and resided in Dodge and Washington counties, and finally came to Clark County; there the father passsed the remainder of his days; he was a carpenter l>y trade, but fol lowed farming the latter part of his life Politically he was a Democrat; he served through the late war as a private in the Fiftli Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and was once wounded. His family consisted of seven children: Almira, Daniel J., Laura, Martha, Harriet, Jasper and Emily, all of whom are living. The mother also survives, and is a resident of Hartford, Washington County, Wisconsin. Daniel J. was the second child born; he was reared in Waukesha and Washiiurton counties to farm life, and received his educa- tion in the common schools. At the atre of nineteen years he joined the army, enlisting in Company F, Forty-eighth Wisconsin Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until the declara- tion of peace. He was mustered out of the service at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and re- ceived his final discharge at Madison, Wis- consin. The following spring he came to Clark County, Wisconsin, and homesteaded IGO acres where he now lives. This was heav- ily timbered, and neighbors were few and far between; he at once erected a cabin, eighteen by twenty-four feet, in which he lived for several years. By careful management, pluck, energy, and perseverance, he has cleared 100 acres, and owns 200 acres in all; he has built a large and convenient barn, a tine two-story frame residence, and has sur- rounded himself and family with many of the comforts and luxuries of life. He started in life without means, but his efforts have been crowned with success. Mr. Kinne was united in the holy bonds of marriage, in September, 180(5, to Miss Martha Emerson. She was born in Wash- ington County, Wisconsin, in 1847, and is a daughter of Norman and Nancy (Chatman) Emerson. No children have been born of this union, but Mr. and Mrs. Kinne have adopted a son, Frank Single, by name. Politically Mr. Kinne is allied with the Republican party, although he takes no active interest in the movements of that body. "♦•' ^ • 3"t ' |" — fOHN F. BRASIER.— In reviewing the life of this highly respected citizen, we will go back to the history of his parents. His father, John Brasier, was born in Nova Scotia; he married Elizabeth Pegg, a native of the State of Pennsylvania, and they removed from Canada to Hartford, AVashington County, Wisconsin, in the year 1845. There they underwent all the hard- ships and privations incident to pioneer life. They had born to them a family of five chil- dren: Charles, Sarah, Elizabeth, William and John F. The parents were faithful members of the Christian Church, and people of great integrity of character. The father died in Washington County, AVisconsin, and the mother passed her last days at the home of a daughter in Clark County, Wisconsin. John F. Brasier, son of the above, was born in Canada AVest, June 1, 1834, and lived until his twelfth year in his native home; his parents then removed to Hartford, Washington County, and he remained there until 1860. In that year he went to Sheboy- gan County, AVisconsin, and made it his home the two decades following. In 1880 we ,lind him in Clark County, where he bought 160 acres of land adjacent to the village of Loyal. 312 BIOGRAPHICAL 11 1 STORY OF Throughout his life lie has followed faruiing, and lie has now succeeded in placing under cultivation ninety acres of his land. In the beginning of his business career he liad no capital, but was obliged to rely upon his own industry and energy for success. He has been quite prosperous, and is well worthy of the high esteem in which he is held. In politics he votes the Eepublican ticket. In 1863, November 24, he enlisted as a private in Company I, First Wisconsin Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was mustered out at Daven- port, Iowa, and received liis tinal discharge June 13, 1865. He participated in the Georgia campaign, and was in many minor battles and skirmishes. Mr. Brasier was united in marriage, De- cember 25, 1862, to Miss Mary A. Shaver, of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. Mrs. Brasier was born in the State of New York in 1845, and is a daughter of James and Charlotte (Gordon) Shaver. Mr. and Mrs. Brasier are the parents of ten children: Jennie E., Kob- ert E., Charlotte E., Fhcfibe E., Hattie E., Emily E., Alvin E., Lloyd E., Olive E. and Ray E. The father and mother are both worthy and consistent members of the Seventh-Day Ad- ventist Church. (HABLES M. BRADFORD, one of the substantial farmers of Sherman Town- ship, was born in Plymouth, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, October 22, 1850. Hie parents, Ira A. and Sarah G. (Swteting) Brad- ford, were natives of Vermont and New York respectively. They were married in Syracuse, New York, but in 1846 emigrated to Sheboy- .ran County, Wisconsin, and settled in Plym- outh, where they have resided since that time. Ira A. Bradford has been a farmer all his life. He was at one time Supervis! ' 3"; ' S"" " — ILLIAM HORSWILL, a prominent farmer of Irving, Jackson County, was born in Devonshire, England, November 13, 1840, the son of William K. Horswill, a native of the same country, born in 1816. In 1848 the latter came to this country, and in 1853 located in Irving Township, Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he died at the age of fifty-two years. He was a very prominent man, and held several minor ofiices. Politically he was a Democrat, and a farmer by occupation. Our subject's mother, Eleanor Pearce, was born in Devon- shire, England, in 1814, the daughter of Guilford and Ann (Heudiy) Pearce, both na- tives of England. Mrs. Horswill died at the age of sixty-three years. They were the par- ents of nine children : Maria, William, George, Jane, James, Richard, Henry, Orrissa and John. The latter died at the age of twenty- one years. William, their second child, was educated in Jackson County, and was reared to farm life. In 1861 he began to do for himself by first working out by the month. In the spring of 1882 he bought 300 acres of land on sections 13 and 14, his residence being on the latter. He also owns 126 acres on sections 26 and 27, same township, and also consider- able land in Melrose. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Horswill is well known throughout the county as a successful farmer, and as a man of more than average intelligence, and is highly respected by all who know him. Politically he affiliates witii the Democratic party. CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 317 He was married December 25, 1861, to Lydia E. Payne, who was born in New York in 1843, and died in Jackson County, Wis- consin, Irving Township, ''uly 1, 1887. They bad eleven children, namely: Stella E., Mary E., John W., George O., Edward, Asa, Josephine, Ellis, James, Forest C. and Henry. Five are now living: Mary E., Asa, James, Forest C. and Henry. IHARLES STINE, a farmer of Albion Townshij), Jackson County, was born in Biiigen, near the Rhine, Germany, De- cember 25, 1853, the son of Charles Stine, a native of Germany, where he died at about the age of forty-seven years. He was a farmer by occupation. Our subject's mother, nee Mene Stine, was born in Germany, and came to this country in 1850, locating in Cook County, Hlinois. Later, in 1858, she came to Jackson County, Albion Township, where she died at the age of fifty-six years. The parents had six children, only two of whom still survive: F'red S. and Charles. The lat- ter was reared to farm life, and educated in Jackson County. In 1804 he went to work for John Slosser on a I'arm, and remained until aboiit 1866. He now owns and occu- pies about eighty acres or land on section 5, Albion Township, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Polit- ically he is a Republican. Mr. Stine was married May 12, 1876, to Mira Stafford, who was born in Jackson County, January 18, 1858, the daughter of Martin and Minnie (Staid)agar) Staftbi'd, who came from Germany to this country in early life and located in Jackson County. Tlie father was a farmer l)y occupation, and died at the age of seventy yeai-s. Mr. and Mrs. Stine have had six children: Charles M., George F., Robert H., Edward, Mamie A. and f^lora M., all of whom are living except Robert II., who died when one year and eight months old. ■" "^O t' i . ^i ILLIAM PATTERSON, a prominent citizen of Melrose, was born in this city April 22, 1860, the son of Will- iam Patterson, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, March 26, 1827. He came to this country at an early day and located in Mel- rose, Jackson County, where he died Novem- ber 7, 1879. He was a farmer by occupa- tion; a Republican politically; and socially a member of the Presbyterian Church. Our subject's mother, nee Isabella AVilson, was born in Glasgow, and is now living in Mel- rose, at the age of fifty-five years. She is a daughter of William and Euphemia Wilson, both natives of Scotland. They came to America in 1857, and in 1858 to Jackson County, Wisconsin, where they afterward died. In Scotland the father was a miner by occupation, but in this country followed farm- ing. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson had eleven children, nine of whom are still living, viz.: Euphemia, Christiana, Maggie, William, James, John, Robert, Andrew and Thomas D. The subject of this sketch, the fourth child, was reared and educated in Melrose, whore he is now engaged in the mercantile business, under the firm name of Patterson Bros. Politically he is independent. — ■■■■ S - ] .. r • ?, ■ " " — ^ENERAL F. VARNUM, a prominent — farmer of Jackson County, was born near Buffalo, New York, July 9, 1852, the son of George Varnum, a native of Ver- mont, l)orn March 16, 1822. He left his 818 BIOORAPHIGAL n[8T0RT OF native State in 1843 and went to Genesee, New York, and in 1858 came to Irving, Jack- son County, where he died at the age of iifty- tbree years and nine months. He was a farmer and stock-raiser by occupation, and politically was a Democrat. Our subject's mother, nee Harriet Brown, was born in New York in 1824, and is now living in Jackson County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Varnura bad seven children, five of whom are now living: Maria L., General, Hattie, Martha and Mary. General Varnum, our subject, was reared and educated on a farm in this county. In 1878 be built a house in Irving, on 180 acres of land, which lie inherited from bis father. He now owns 220 acres on sections 31 and 36, his residence being on the former. He gives considerable attention to the raising of stock in addition to general farming. Politi- cally he is a Democrat. Mr. Varnum was married July 8, 1878, to Maggie Luttrell, who was born in Jackson County, Wisconsin, October 14, 1860, the daugiiter of John and Martha Luttrell, natives of Ireland. They came to this country and located in Irving, Jackson County, in an early day, where they still re- side. By occupation tlie father is a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Varnum have two children: George and Grace. "l- i " i 'Z>'"- fREDERICK W. BEHM, of Melrose, was born near Berlin, Germany, April 24, 1836, the son of Martin Behm, also a native of that country, where he died at a good old age. Our subject's mother was born in Germany, and died in Dodge County, Wis- consin. Frederick, their only child, came to this country with his uncle in 1842, and was reared and educated principally in Dodge County. In 1855 he came to Jackson County, where he worked by the montii until 1860, in wliich year he bought a farm near Mel- rose. In 1861 he enlisted in this city in the late war as a private, in Company G, Tenth Wisconsin Infantry, and was honorably dis- charged November 19, 1862, for disability. He afterward re-enlisted in Company F, Fifty-first Wisconsin Infantry, and served until the close of the war. Mr. Behm then returned to Melrose and bought 175 acres of land on sections 14, 22 and 27. He lived on this place until 1884, when he sold his first purchase, leased the remaining land, 175 acres, and then bought property in the vil- lage of Melrose, where he now resides, en- gaged in gathering cream. Mr. Behm has taken an active part in the Republican party, and has held several minor offices. He is a member of the G. A. R. post. No. 161, at Melrose. He was married in 1868, to Catherine A. Hildenbrand, who was born in Ohio, and is still living, at the age of forty-nine years. Mr. and Mrs. Behm have four children: Clarence S., Effie M., Myrtie and Winnifred. of whom all are living except Clarence S., who died at the age of eleven years. ILLIAM HUBER, of Melrose, Jack- son County, was born in Wurtom- berg, Germany, September 8, 1830, the son of Philip Huber, also a native of that country, where he died at the age of seventy- five years. He was a farmer by occupation. Our subject's mother, Frances Huber, was also born in Germany, where she also died. They were the parents of four children, viz.: Isaac, Frank, William and Ely, all of whom are still living. William Iluber, their third child, was CLARE AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 319 reared and educated in his native State, and in 1850 came to the United States, locating in Clinton County, New Jersey. In 1857 he moved to La Crosse County, Wisconsin, and in 1860 came to Melrose, Jackson County. Here ho owns 160 acres of land on section 24, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising, but makes a specialty of raising graded stock. Mr. Huber was married in 1860 to Ger- trude Ilarman, who was born in Germany, but died at Melrose at the age of tifty years. She was a daughter of George Harmon, who came from Germany to this country in an early day, locating in La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he subsequently died. Mr. and Mrs. Huber have three children: Frances, Eliza and William G. VER W. GILBERTSON, a farmer of Jackson County, was born in Norway, ^ March 4, 1843, tlie son of Giliiert Han- son, who was also born in that country in 1799. He came to the United States in an early day, locating in Irving, Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he died at the age of seventy-six years. Our subject's mother, Anna (Losson) Hanson, was born in Norway in 1809, and died in Jackson County, Wis- consin, in 1874. Both she and her husband were members of the Lutheran Church. They were the parents of eight children, namely: All)ert, Hans, Mary, Louis, Iver, Gilbert, Math and Aminon, all of whom are living except the last named. Iver W., our subject and tlie fifth child, was reared aTid clncated on a farm in his native country. In 1859 he learned the tailor's trade, which he followed until June 29, 1864, when he canje to this country, lo- cating in Jackson County. During the win- ter seasons he worked in the woods, and in the summers in a saw-mill. In 1867 he bought eighty acres in the town of Irving, to which he has since added until he now owns 500 acres, of which 300 are in timber land. He lives on section 18, and gives especial at- tention to the raising of graded stock in ad- dition to general farming. Mr. Gilbertson is one of the prominent Norwegians in the county, and is held in high esteem by his countrymen. Politically he is a Republican, and takes a leading part in all political mat- ters. He is a member of the Lutheran church, of which ho is one of the trustees. He was married August 27, 1867, to Bor- tha Albertson, who was also born in Norway, September 29, 1840, the daughter of Enger- bret and Carrie (Johnson) Gunderson, both natives of Norway. The mother died in that country, and the father came to the United States in 1868, where he afterward died. He was a farmer by occupation, and both he and his wife were members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbertson have had nine children, viz.: Anna C, Emil G., George, George II., Alara D., Julius L., Julia M., Ansina J. and Theodore L. George died at the ago of two years, and Julius when seven months old. •^•' I ' i ' T ' ^ "'" |LEXANDER MAIR, of Melrose, Jack- son County, was born in Ayrshire Scotland, June 4, 1821, the son of John Mair, also a native of Scotland, wliere he died at the age of eighty years. He was a farmer ]>y occupation; and was a member of the rresbyterian Church. Our subject's mother, 7iee Mary Faulds, was born in Ayr- shire, and died there at the age of seventy- five years. She was also a member of the Presbyterian Church. They were the parents 320 BIOGRAPHICAL HI STORY OF of thirteen children, viz.: John, Mattliew, William, Allen, Andrew, Alexander, James, David, Christopher, Thomas, Jennet, Ellen and Jane. Alexander Mair, their sixth child, was reared and educated in liis native country, where he also learned the carpenter's trade. In 1855 he came to the United States, locat- ing in Allegany County, Maryland, where he worked at his trade until the fall of 1861. In that year he came to Melrose, Jackson County, Wisconsin, where he now owns 161 acres on section 19, where he carries on general farming and stock-raising. Polit- ically he is a Republican, and religiously a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was married, March 3, 1855, to Eliza- beth Smith, who was born in Ayrshire, Scot- land, October 15, 1827, the daughter of John and Jennet (Menis) Smith, both also natives of Scotland. They came to this country in 1855, and subsequently came to Jackson County, where the father died at the age of seventy-five years, and the mother at eighty- two years. The father was a weaver in the old country, but in the United States followed farming. He was a prominent man during his life-time, and was Justice of the Peace for many years. They were both members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Mair have had two children: Jennet M. and Mary F. 1 YLVANUS L. GATES, of section 34, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Essex County, New York, August 28, 1851, tlie son of Aaron (deceased) and Maria (Sawyer) Gates; the former was a native of Washington County, New York; and the latter now lives with her son, tlie subject of this sketch. They were the par- ents of three children: Cortez, Sylvanus and George. Sylvanus was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools, and has always followed farming and lumber- ing. He removed with his parents to Jeffer- son County, Iowa, in the spring of 1867, and to this county in 1871, settling where he now lives. He owns eighty acres of good land, and is principally engaged in farming and stock-raising. He usually logs each winter, both for himself and other people. Mr. Gates was married, August 18, 1884, to Margaret Redman, a daughter of Richard Redman, of Weston Township, Cltjrk Coun- ty, and they have two children: Harland A., born July 16, 1886; and Irvin, June6, 1889. Mr. Gates has served as School Treasurer, and is an enterprising and public-spirited man, but of an unassuming nature. In his political views he is a Republican. fAMES SYTH, of section 22, Eaton Town- ship, Clark County, was born in London, Canada West, June 18, 1841, the son of John Syth, a native of Waukenton, England. He came to Canada in 1834, and died there in 1843. Our subject was reared and edu- cated in his native place, and also worked on a farm. He came to LaCrosse County, Wis- consin, in 1870, and worked as a farm hand until 1877, when he came to this county. He settled on his present place in the spring of 1887, where he owns forty acres of good land, twenty- two of which is cleared. He was married, June 30, 1882, to Emma, daughter of Charles Teel, of Loyal Township, Clark County, and they have had three chil- dren, only one of whom survives, — James, born August 21, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Syth are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the former is also a member of W" ^2^>l_^ CLAIiK AND JACK soy COUNTIES. 321 the I. O. O. F. He lias served as Justice of the Peace and Road Master; is an enterpris- ing public-spirited man, and takes an interest in all that tends to build up the country, religiously, morally and tinancially. It. O'HEARN.— It iswitii banks as with all other enterprises: each one '* owes its origin and development to a few inovinw spirits. Its history is their history; its success their success. Thecharac- ter wiiich it bears as a financial institution — as a liusiness factor — in the community where it is, and in money circles aljroad, is the re- sultant character of its leading officials. The more intimate the relation of the official to the bank, the more marked is his infliience upon its affairs, and of necessity the more rigidly does the public hold him to strict ac- count for their faithful management. The personal record, therefore, of any one hold- ing a responsible position in a bank becomes a matter of public interest, and on occasion may be a matter of supreme concern to those who have dealings with the bank. To give 80 much of his business career as will be appropriate for the above purpose, as well as to preserve something of his personal history as a representative citizen of his locality, this sketch of W. R. O'Hearn, cashier of the Jackson (lonnty liank, of Black River Falls, Jackson County, Wisconsin, is written. The Jackson County Bank was organized in 187fi, with W. T. Price as President, II. B. Mills, Vice President, and Mr. O'llearn, Cashier. Mr. Price was succeeded by 11. B. Mills, and he in turn was succeeded by his son, T. B. Mills. Mr. O'Hearn has been cashier of this bank since its organization, and has given almost his entire time and at- tention to the practical management of the bank's affairs. The Jackson County Bank, although not large, having a paid up capital of $26,200, is nevertheless regarded as one of the best bankinij institutions in the coun- try. Its board of directors is composed of some of the l)est business men of the county of Jackson; all of its stock is owned by citi- zens of Jackson County, and the men who are interested in it in every way are also in- terested in the general welfare of the locality where it is, most of them in fact having made the money which they have invested in it out of other lines of business conducted side by side with it. This naturally brings to it a patronage and inspires in its manage- ment a confidence which could hardly come from any other source. But the work of building up the patronage and creating this confidence has not come as a matter of course. It represents time, patient labor, fair dealing and faithful attention to the rights as well as the necessities of the de- positing and borrowing public. This work has fallen largely to the lot of the cashier, the subject of this sketch. Mr. O'Hearn has labored faithfully and yet continues to labor faithfully at his post, giving to every detail of the l)ank's business his individual personal attention or close supervision, and he knows the bank's progress from day to day, the volume of its business, and the status of its afi'airs intimately. For this labor Mr. O'Hearn is well qualified by nature and ex- perience. All he has he has made himself. He therefore knows the value of a dollar; knows how to j)ut a proper estimate on the hard earnings of those who commit their savings to his custody. He is a hard worker himself, painstaking and faithfully exact. He is accommodating and pleasant to deal with. He has lived in the county since boy- hood, and can take as many men by the band 323 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF and call them by name as any man in the county. He is quick to see and prompt to act; and while indulgent to those deserving of liis indulgence, he is nevertlieless positive with his word and requires the strictest ob- servance of all obligations. This report of Mr. O'llearn his neighbors and business associates give, and this much of his personal history and business career most of theiu know. Concerning his earlier history 80 innch is not known by his fellow-towns- men, and for the purposes of this sketch it will be appropriate to state some further facts of this natnre. Mr. O'Hearn was born in the Dominion of Canada, January 15, 1843. He is the son of Thomas O'Hearn, a native of Canada, who came to the United States and fell in with th< great tide of pioneers and home- seekers making for the vast forests of Wis- consin, settling first in 1844 in Dodge County, and coming in 1855 to Jackson County, locating on the spot where the villaare of Melrose now stands. He was twice married, W. R. O'Hearn being the only issue of the first union; by the second marriage three children were born, one son and two daughters. He was a pioneer of Jackson County, and by occupation a farmer and mechanic, a plain, substantial man, having passed the greater part of his life in the industrious pursuit of agriculture, lead- ino- the steady, even and uneventful life common to that calling. Mr. O'Hearn himself was reared on the farm, being brought up mainly in Jackson County, and began life a farmer boy. He left the farm and engaged as book-keeper for D. J. Spaulding, and worked his way up in business circles until he gained the responsi- ble position ho is now filling. Politically he is a Republican, but is not an office-seeker. He is a member of the Board of Aldermen, has served on the County Board, and filled other offices that all good citizens are ex- pected to till. He married June 1, 1869, his choice falling on a girl he had known in his boyhood — Miss F'lora Johnson, daughter of Nelson D. Johnson, a native of New England, who moved to Jackson County in 1856; the year following he returned to Massachusetts. Three children have been sent to the care and guardianship of Mr. and Mrs. O'Hearn, namely: Thomas, who was born September 10, 1870, and died January 22, 1885, his loss producing an irrepressible grief, as he was an extraordinarily tine boy; Harry, born June IG, 1875; and Florence, January 21, 1884. Mr. O'Hearn's handsome residence is a standing monument of his success, and an evidence of the care and tlioughtfulness of a devoted husband and father, and the happiest moments of his life are those spent around its fireside in the company of his amiable wife and interesting children. In his domes- tic and social relations Mr. O'Hearn has been as happy as he has been fortunate in busi- ness, and it is not improbable that the two facts are due to the same soui-ce, namely: his fixed determination to be so, and the exercise of those qualities of head and heart which make possible such results. — ^'^ I ' Z ^' i '^r^ — AMUEL HOWDEN, of section 15, Eaton Township, was born in Canada West, forty miles north of Toronto, Auo-ust 15, 1843, the son of James Howden, a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland. He came to Canada when a young man, where he worked at his trade of wagon-making the remainder of his life, the last ten years of which was spent in County Lampton. Our subject's mother, nee Ann Hicks, a native of CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 323 Ireland, died when Samuel was nine months old. He was brouirlit up on a farm, and also followed carpentering a number of years. In 1863 he came to the United States, stopping fii-8t at West Salem, La Crosse County, which was his home for nine years. During the winters he worked in the pineries, and on a farm in the summers. He came to Clark County in the fall of 1872, locating in Eaton Township, which he has since made iiis home. When he first came here the Indians and wild animals were numerous, and the wolves made the nights hideous. Mr. How- den settled on his present farm in the spring of ISTl, where he owns eighty acres, one- fourth of which is cleared. He was married, October 3, 1870, to Hester Cummins, daughter of George E. (deceased) and Ivosanna M. (McMullen) Cummins, the former a native of Rochester, and the latter of Buffalo, New York. The father settled in La Crosse County in the fall of 1865, where he lived until his death. He was a soldier in the United States army during the late war. Mr. and Mrs. Howden have ten chil- dren, viz.: Lottie M., Maude R., Samuel J., James B., George F., Lillie M., Hester A., William M., Nellie F. and Harry C. Lottie married Oren Van Kirk, and has one child, Lee W. Mr. Howden never seeks office, but was j.revailed upon to assess the town in 1889. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church, and the former is a Republican in his political views. ILLIAM A. POWNDEK, of section 14, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Belmont, Canada, April 6, 1852, the son of Thomas (deceased) and Mary (Fitch) Pownder, the former a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, and the latter of Canada. They were the parents of seven children, namely: Dorinda, Joseph, William, Harriet, Mary, George and John. The father came to this county in 1856, where he was followed by the family the next year. They settled in Weston Township, where the father was for many years Town Clerk and Assessor. lie also followed lumbering every year until his death, which occurred on August 18, 1872. William A., our subject, has worked in the woods ever since he was sixteen years old, and for eleven years acted as foreman. He started a camp of his own in the winter of 1889-'90. He drove logs many seasons. He settled on his present farm in May, 1885, where he owns eighty acres, fifty of which is cleared. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Pownder was married, December 20, 1880, to Barbara, daughter of Samuel Hawk, of Catskill, New York, and they have one child, William Ray, born Oc- tober 21, 1882. Mr. Pownder is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; has been a member of the Town Board two terms, and also Assessor two terms. ARK B. WARNER, for whom the town of Warner was named, and one of thepioneerlumbermenof Black River Valley, section 15, Warner Township, was born in Wyoming, Genesee County, New York, August 0, 1819, the son of William H. and Abigail (Morey) Warner; the former, a native of Connecticut, and a farmer by occu- pation, filled several county ofhces in his time, and was also a soldier in the war of 1812. They were the parents of three chil- dren: Dr. Henry, who died at the aire of fifty-nine years in Medina County, Oliio, where he had ])racticed medicine for thirty- seven years; Mark !>., the subject of this 324 BIOORAPHTCAL BISTORT OF sketch, and Cynthia Dei mock, who now re- sides in Medina County, Ohio. Mark D. Warner was reared to farm life, and received his education in the common schools of Medina County, where his parents had settled when he was a small boy. He came to Black River Falls in 1855, and first worked in the woods two years, and then, in company with others, began business for him- self, which he continued twenty-six years. At that time the Indians were numerous, but never molested him except to steal. He ex- plored the country during the summers, lo- cating, estimating and entering pine lands for other parties. There were no roads then except here and there a toat road on river banks, and farther back in the country there were only a few Indian trails. He often met Indians in the deep woods, but was never molested. A half-breed Indian, by the name of Joseph Eaton, worked for Mr. Warner four years, and the latter often took him on ex- ploring expeditions to carry provisions, blank- ets, etc. Mr. Warner has killed more game than any other man, and always had venison for his men in camp. He often killed bear for sport, letting them remain where he had shot them. He has explored to near Lake Superior, and in that country saw tracks of cariboo and moose, and also saw some of the latter that had been killed by other parties near the head waters of the Chippewa River. These pine lands have now all been bought by the Mississippi Logging & Boom Com- pany. Mr. Warner settled on his present farm in the fall of 1871, which was then dense woods, with no roads from this place to Greenwood, except a toat road. He now owns a fine farm of 320 acres, 130 of which is cleared. Prior to purchasing this place, Mr. Warner owned an interest in 200 acres in township 29, range 2 west, this county, which he helped to improve. In addition to his general farming, he is successfully en- gaged in raising graded short-horn cattle, graded Morgan and Black Hawk horses, and Poland-China and Berkshire hogs. He has been chaiiman of the Town Board; chairman of the County Board ; a member of the School Board several years; and was elected Justice of the Peace several times, but never served. Socially, he is a member of tiie I. O. O. F. fraternity, and politically a Democrat. Mr. Warner was married in July 1856, to Levina Richardson, who was born near Dix, Illinois, the daughter of David Richardson, deceased. Of their six children, five still sur- vive, namely: Leroy R., David, George, Gertrude and Henry. Leroy married Mary Hommel, lives in Greenwood and has two children: Bessie and Maud. David married Melissa Bowerman, lives on his father's farm, and has two children: Mark and Clement. George married Jennie Austin, lives at Hem- lock, and also has two children. - '• " ■ ■| ' S " t ' ^" «°' ENRY S. HUMKE,of section 29, War- ner Township, Clark County, was born in Hermann Township, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, April 27, 1855, the son of Conrad Humke, a native of Detmold, Prussia, but now of Sheboygan County. He came to the United States in 1842, and first lived in or near Buffalo, New York, and then removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he chop- ped wood on the (3hio River several years. He subsequently came to Wisconsin, settling in Sheboygan County. Our subject's mother was born in Prussia, and was first married to a Mr. Bilker (see sketch of Frederick Bilker), but is now living at Franklin, Siiehoygan County, Wisconsin. She is the mother of eleven children, six of whotn still survive. Henry S. Humke, the subject of this sketch, Vl.AUK AM) JAC'KHON COUATIEH. 325 was reared on a t'ariu and received his ediica- tiuii in tile cominoii scliools of his native county. He has worked in the pineries eight winters, and during that time was engaojed in fanning and also drove logs during tiie springs and summers. He came to tliis county in 1878 and settled on his present farm of 120 acres, forty of which is cleared. When he first came to this place it was covered with timber, with not even a shanty on it, and the lirrit year he lived in a small log house. Mr. Humke was married November 18, 1879, to Anna Kippeidian, who was liorn in Washington County, Wisconsin, August 5, 1859, the daughter of Adam and Helen (Richter) Kippenhan; the former a native of Baden, Germany, came to tiie United States in 1852; the latter was born in I?aden also, and died August 19, 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Humke have had ei.x children: Theodore, Helen, Meda, Ella, Arthur and George. Tiie father lias been a member of the Side Board for two years, and is now serving as Town Treasurer. Religiously he is a meml)er of the iiet'ormed Inimanuel Church, and politi- cally a Republican. mARTIN NEVILLE, of secti-m 3, fm/.i^ Warner Township, and the second ^^^^ settlor of his town, was born in Tar- kio, Missouri, November 11, 1841, the son of Patrick Neville (deceased), a native of County Wexford, Ireland. He came to Can- ada East when a young man, and tliere mar- ried Catharine Kelly, a native of County Kil- dare, Ireland. They subsequently emigrated to Missouri, where they lived but a fewyears, having been frightened away by Indians, and returned to Canada. Of their eight children, seven of them are now living: James, John, Mary, Bridget, Kate, Martin, Lizzie. The father died in 1879, and the mother in 1881, and both were buried in Canada East. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life, and was educated in the coirimon schools near Quebec, Canada. When si.xteen years of age he went to Maine, where he spent four years in the pineries, and also loaded vessels with square timber. He was a con- tractor in the latter occupation for several years. In the fall of 1859 he removed to the Southern States, where he was engaired on a steamboat that winter, and the following win- ter on the Mississippi River, below New Or- leans, and also on the Missouri as far up as Council Bluffs. In 1863 he went to Austra- lia with a vessel loaded with pine and spruce lumber, and at Melbonrne his captain sold the ship, after which he returned to Liverpool, England, and thence to Quebec in a sail ves- sel. Mr. Neville then returned to Maine and worked again in the woods one winter, and the following spring went to Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1866 he came to Neillsville and that winter worked for Robert Ros.s in his logging camp, and on his farm the next spring. In July he bought a claim of 160 acres, which he homesteaded, and where he still resides, lie lived on this place seven years before proving it up. It was then covered with timber, and he had to clear a sufficient space to build a shanty. Mr. Neville was married July 29, 1869, to Mary J. Wright, who was born in Canada East in 1842, the son of James Wright, de- ceased. They have had nine children, eio-ht of whom are still living, namely: Alice M., Albert II., Mary I., Eliza, Martin L., Katie M., James and Anna M. The mother died February 27, 1884, after a brief illness of intiammation of the lungs. After her death Mr. Neville kept the eight children together, the eldest having been less than twelve years ohi at her death. Both he and his wife wer- 326 nwUUArUlCAL lUkTOUT OF members of tlie Catholic Church. For three inontlis lie never slept an hour, hut j^radually sleep came back to him for a few minutes at a time. His trials were almost unbearable, and many men would have succumbed. He has been School Treasurer for twenty-four years, and was also Road Overseer several years. [YRUS W. DEWEY.foremanofthe Withee estate, of 21,530 acres, in Long- wood, Hixton Township, Clark County, was born in Dodge County, Wisconsin, Sep- tember 10, 1850, the son of Cyrus and Achsa (Goff ) Dewey, both natives of New York State. The father was a pioneer of Dodge County, Wisconsin, where he died of typhoid fever when our subject was but four months old. The mother M'as afterward married to Henry Tooley, and they had two children, only one of whom still survives — Wilbur. They now reside in Loyal Township, this county. Cyrus W. left home at the age of thirteen years, and has depended upon his own re- sources since that time. He first lived in Adams County, this State, a short time, after which he lived with his grandfatiier, Theo- dore Gotf, in Columbia County, a few years. In 1868 he came to Clark County, where he worked in the woods two winters, and drove logs in the spring. He next began work in the logging camps, and has been foreman of the same ever since, except two winters. He has also been engaged in farming, but since Mr. Withee's deatii has put in his entire time as foreman for the estate. He owns a farm of 100 acres in Pine Valley Township, seventy of which is cleared, and all is rented to neigh- bors. Mr. Dewey was married October 9, 1877, to Emma Tyler, who was born in the State of New York in 1857, the daughter of Nelson Tyler, of Ulster County, New York. Of their two children one is still living — Ancy, born November 17, 1878. Alice died June 17, 1890, at the age of seven and a half years, which was a sad blow to the family and friend^'. Mr. Dewey has held the office of Assessor, and was a member of the Side Board a few years in Pine Valley, and is now a member of the Masonic order at Neillsville. Mrs. Dewey is a member of the Presbyterian church of this city. — ■• " ■■ ^onr - ^" ■" — |MhILAN CORNELL, of section 16, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, December 13, 1827, the son of Isaac and Priscilla (Morgan) Cornell, the former a native of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and the latter of Virginia. The father was a farmer by occupation, and was also a soldier in the war of 1812. They were the parents of eleven children, four of whom are still living: Ira, Milan, Rebecca and Craig. The father had two children by a former marriage: Elizal>eth, now Mi-s. Funk; and Agnes, now Mrs. Case. In 1833 the parents emigrated to Porter County, Indiana, settling on a farm, where Milan was reared and received his edu- cation, in a log cabin with slab seats and a board on pins for desks. In 1849 he went via Panama to California, where he mined for gold two years, and then returned to Por- ter County, Indiana. His home for the past thirty years has been in Valparaiso, and is living here only temporarily. He owns 120 acres of land in Porter County, besides two houses and four lots in Valparaiso. Mr. Cornell was married February 28, 1854, to Cordelia Freeman, who was born in Onondaga County, New York, March 22, 1834, the daughter of Azariah and Amanda (Grains) Freeman, both natives of Tolland CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 3.J7 County, Connecticut, ami both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Cornell have liad two children: Genevieve and Kate L., both now dead. The former was married to Schuyler Williams, of Porter County, Indiana, and the latter, Kate, married Marion Baum (since deceased), and they had one child, Genevieve, born August 13, 1884. She is a bright little girl, and the only heir to all the possessions of Mr. and Mrs. Cornell, which are very extensive. Mr. and Mrs. Baum had another daughter, Kebah Ethel, who died when thirteen months old. Mrs. Cornell owns 680 acres of land in this county, which she inherited from her father, who died in January, 1885. Mr. Cornell is a member of the I. O. O. F fraternity, and Mrs. Cornell is a member of a Rebekah lodge and W. R. C. tARV DRINKWIJSIE, of section 20, Warner Township, Clark County, and a pioneer of this town, was born in Paris, France, May 1, 1821, the son of George Drinkwine, deceased, a native of London, England. He brought his family to Mon- treal, Canada, in 1823, where Lary was brought up on St. Paul street, block No. 24, where the father kept a tavern. After reach- ing maturity, Mr. Drinkwine began farming in Canada, which he continued until the fall of 1854, in which year he came to Sheboy- gan County on the steamer Lady Elgin, which sprung a leak on the way, and Mr. Drinkwine and others were obliged to pump water. They finally landed in the harbor with no loss of life or property. Our sub- ject first worked on a farm in the vicinity of Sheboygan until 1861, when he enlisted in the late war, in Company B, Eighth Wis- consin Volunteer Infantry, and served three and a half years, participating in the battles of Mechanicsville, Missouri, Pilot Knob, luka, Coft'eeville, Holly Springs, Corinth, Pine Bluft', charge on Vicksburg, siege of Vicksburg, Red River campaign, Guntowii, Mississippi, and others. He was wounded three times: first on the forehead by a piece of shell, on the return from the Red River campaign; ne.\t through the left thigh in the charge on Vicksburg, and again in the left ankle at Guntown, the ball striking the bone and passing into the back part of the leg, where it still remains. He still suffers from the effects of these injuries. After the war Mr. Drinkwine returned to Sheboygan and worked on a farm until 1867, when he came to this county, settling in Warner Township, which he has ever since made his home. In 1870 he settled on his present farm of eighty acres, forty-five of which is cleared. There were no roads here at that time, and Mr. Drinkwine often walked to and from Neillsville, camping in the woods on his way, and one time carried fifty pounds of flour on his back. He would often put the flour on his neck and swim the river, as he conld not always get across on the boat. He was married in 1851 to Clarissa Ted- row, a native of Sherbrook, Canada, and they have had seven children, five of whom are now living: Lary, George, John, Villa and Violet. Villa married Otto Duell, of this city, and they have one child — Edward. — — S-^Hl— lEORGE DRINKWINE, of section 20, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, March 4, 1863, the son of Lary Drinkwine, whose biography appears in this work. The latter came to this county in 1867, and was followed the next year l)y his family. In the U28 BlOOUAl'lIICAL UlbTOlir OF fall of 1870 they settled on their present farm, wliicli was then covered with timber, and sniTonnded by Indians and wild animals. Mr. Drinkwine has hunted a great deal, has killed over 100 deer, and has caught one bear in a trap. In November, 1890, he went deer hunting and succeeded in killing seven in a few days. He lias worked in the pineries during the winters, and on his farm in the summers. He owns eighty acres of land, forty-live of which is cleared, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Politically he affiliates with the Eepublicait party. — ^%-*^ ' * £ m ? '* ^ »^-■»— fLE C. CHRISTENSON, of section 28, Warner Township, Clark County, was born three miles from Trondjheni, Nor- way, July 18, 1839, the son of Christen Everson, who died when Ole was but ten weeks old. Of the parents' nine children, five are still living: Martha, Ever, Glaus, Christene and Ole. Mr. Christenson, our subject, came to the United States in 1860, locating near Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked in the saw-mill of Andrew Shepherd, and the following winter was employed across the river by Andrew Gilbert. In 1866 he en- gaged in farming near the village of Taylor, Jackson County, and thence removed to Eau Claire County, this State, where he was en- gaged in the same occupation until 1870. In that year lie came to this county, Warner Township, and settled on his present farm of forty acres, twenty-tive of which is cleared. Mr. Christenson was married in Jackson County, September 23, 1863, to Miss Waren Knudson, who was born in Kratrero Town- ship, Norway, the dangliter of Knud Knue- son. They have had eleven children, nine of whom still survive, nauiely: Tholine M., Carl C, Marie ()., Johan A., Albert T., EmmaL., Louis E., Oline J. and Oscar A. Tholine M. married Louis Beadymaker, of Loyal Town- ship, this county, and has three children: Irvin, Clarence and Hazel. Marie is a dress- maker in Minneapolis. Mr. Christenson has been a member of the School Board three terms. Religiously he is a member of the Lutheran Church, and politically a Repub- lican. — oi LFRED C. ALTON, of section 23, War- ner Township, Clark County, was born in Allegany County, New York, Sep- tember 30, 1833, the son of George and Nancy (Kilmore) Alton, both deceased, the former a native of Vermont, atid the latter of the State of New York. Of their nine children, four are still living: Alfred, our subject; Mary, now Mrs. Preston, of Apalacliee, Florida; James W., of Allegany County, near Wellsville; and Lovina, now Mrs. Nes- bit, of Watertown, North Dakota. Alfred C, our subject, was reared to farm life and educated in the common schools of his native county. In the fall of 1859 he removed to Henry County, Illinois, thence to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, in 1863, where he engaged in plastering and the stone-mason's trade. In the fall of 1877 he came to this county and settled on his present farm of eighty acres, sixty- five of which is cleared. He first lived in a log shanty a kw years, and then built a good one-and-a-half story frame, the lumber for which he hauled from Green- wood and Neillsville, and also some from Beaver Township, this county. Mr. Alton was married in October, 1861, to Rose Ann Smith, the daughter of William (deceased) and Mary (McGuire) Smith, both natives of #,'■ s>- \^ VL^UtK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 329 County Ferinanagh, Ireland, who eaiigrated to tlie United States in 1854. They were the parents of six cliildren, all of wliom are deceased but Mrs. Alton and her sister Emma. Mr. and Airs. Alton liave six chil- dren: Charles P., Mary, George, Ellen, John and Catherine A. Mary married Edward Borego, of Thorp, this county. Both parents are members of tlie Catholic Cliurcli, and the former is a Democrat politically. ^LlVEIl O'llEARN, deceased, was born at Newport, Nova Scotia, November 24, 18 — . When three years of age he embarked at Halifax on a packet vessel for New York. Dui'iiig tiie voyage the ves- sel was cast away on an island near Barnegat shoals in New Jersey, and he was exposed to the storm three days. "With other passen- gers he succeeded in reaching the main land, was picked up and landed in New York. He then took passage on the packet boat on the Erie Canal to Rochester, and then by vessel to Little York, now the city of Toronto, Canada. He was live years of age when his father died. His first schooling was at Rich- mond Hill, Canada, in a select school held in a log school-house, and he finished his edu- cation at Lewiston (New Y'ork) Academy. On account of limited means he left school at an early age, returned to Richmond Hill and learned the carpenter's trade with Mr. Newton, a Scotchman and master-workman. After serving his apprenticeship he came to Wisconsin, then a Territory, arriving at Fox Lake, Dodge County, September 4, 1844, where he worked at his trade for a short time; next for two years he was employed in Buffalo, in the ship-yards. In 184'.( he re- turned to Fox Lake, and in that year was married to Miss Phcebe S. Gritlin; their four children are all living, and in Jackson County. William R. O'Hearn is the only son. The daughters now bear the names of Mesdames S. D. Blake, G. J. Simpson and Ida Roddy. In 1852 Mr. O'Hearn went overland to California and spent two years in the mines, returning home by steamer in 1854. In 1856 he came to Jackson County, settling in Melrose, and began working at his trade. In 1859 he made a second trip to California by steamer, was wrecked on a coral reef and was "hung up" among the rocks for seven days. On his return home he began tiie cultivation of his farm, which he continued until 1805, when in November of that year he was elected Treasurer of Jackson County, to which othce he was re-elected for ten coti- secutive years, and which he was tilling at tiie time of his death, October 3, 1875. Oliver O'Hearn's love for his wife was something beautiful. Through his rugo-ed nature ran a poetic vein, and in that strain he fre(juently gave expression of his love for her, as the following poems, written when absent from her, will show: TO MY WIFE. Dear Pliebe, were we but together once more, There is naught in this witle world could teui|)t us to part; We'd renew the fond pledges we've miule o'er and o'er, And cherish that passion that springs from the heart. The raven that Noah let fly from the ark Keliirned without finding a home on the sea; And to me, like the raven, all's gloomy and dark: O, there's no place like home with my children and thee. But the gloom, like the waters, I hope will depart; Then back, like the dove, with glad tidings I'll soar; And when I can press thee again to my heart, I'll say, "God, thou hast blessed me; I ask lor no more." 330 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF LINES TO PHEBE S. O'HEARN. (Composed at night while rolled up in his blanket, under an old oak tree near the Sacramento River.) When night her sable wings doth spread, Their shadows rest o'er land and sea, And all is silent as the dead ; 'Tis then my thoughts return to thee. Youthful scenes go fleeting by; Memory tells of pleasures past; O, that lime could backward fly To those bright days, too clear to last! 'Twas then true love, that magic power. First told my throbbing heart 'twas thine; And as you stood, a spotless flower, I took that trembling hand in mine. I think of Fanny's smiling face — My own sweet girl, to me so dear; I clasp her in my fond embrace, And joy brings forth the silent tear. Then sleep steals o'er me unawares; Its calm doth soothe the weary mind; I leave the world and all its cares. To dream of those I left behind. Durine his long term of office, and in fact during his entire life, he was conciliatory toward all men and all sects; and yet, when lie had made up hib mind to what he thought was a right course, no ties of friendship, no views of party policy, no hope of patronage, and no idea of expediency could swerve him from that course. His honesty and integrity were never questioned, and he has left to this community and to its rising generation the legacy of a character that is as strong as steel and as true and bright as gold. f<>IIN T. FARNING, a prominent lum- berman and proprietor of a saw-mill on section 27, Eaton Township, was born in Vermont, March 11, 1856, the son of Michael and Ann (Markey) Farning, both natives of Ireland. The father came to America when a young man, and in the fall of 1856 emi- grated to this county, and the following spring settled on section 6, Grant Township, where he cleared a farm. He taught school during the winters, having been a college graduate and a very fine scholar. He was a soldier in the late war, in Company I, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, and participated in many battles, including Vicksburg, Shiloh, Corinth and many others. He was wounded at Vicks- burg, from which he afterward recovered, but died from chronic diarrhoja while in the service. Of Mr. and Mrs. Farning's four children, three survive: William, .Fohn and Franklin. One son, Robert, died at the age of twenty-nine years. The subject of this sketch has lived in this county most of his life, excepting four years spent in Marshfield, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in the livery business. In 1887 he bought a saw-mill in this county, and the following year moved to this city, where he saws and ships his lumber mostly to Janes- ville. He was married May 1, 1888, to Mar- tha Christie, a daughter of James Christie, deceased. They have one child, Annie Belle, born October 19, 1889. IIILO MEAD, of section 34, Ilixton Township, Clark County, was born in Dutchess County, New York, March 22, 1851, the son of Daniel Mead, who was born, reared and still resides on the old home- stead in Dutchess County. Our subject's mother, Sybil Davis, was also a native of the same place. Of their ten children, nine are still living, namely: Angeline, Carrie, Catha- rine, Aiken, Henry, Philo, Alexander, Clara and Orlando. One daughter, Laura, died at the age of sixteen years. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and educated in the public schools of ULARK AJ^D JACKbON VOUJSTIES. 831 l)is native coiiutv. In 1874 lie came to this county, and fur four years thereafter worked for liis cousin, the lion. Harry Mead. He settled on his present farm of eighty acres in 1878, and has since cleared twenty acres of this tract. Ho has worked in the pineries nearly every winter since coming to this county. Mr. Mead was married April 25, 1878, to Rachel Syth, who was born in Lon- don, Canada, the daughter of Thomas and Kachel (Stewart) Syth; the latter is deceased, and the former has been a resident of this county over twenty years. Mr. and Mrs. Mead have two children, Estella and Maud P. Mr. Mead has been Assessor of his town two years, and is now serving as Town Treas- urer. Politically he is a Republican, and both he and his wife are members of the Metliodist Episcopal Church. •o*-.|.tJ» ►>^^. fUHN GILBO, of section 32, Ilixton Township, Clark County, and the pio- neer of his locality, was born in Bran- don Township, Ontario, in 1840, the son of Toussaint (deceased) and Margaret (Lenault) Gilbo, natives of Canada, and the former of French parentage. Of the parents' ten children, eight survive: Clement, Albert, Rose, Joe Margaret, John, Alfred and Joseph. Our sub- ject came with his parents to Orleans County, JSfew York, in 1850, where the father died a year later of dropsy, after which, in 1802, the family removed to Pontiac, Michigan. John enlisted in the late war, in Company F, Third New York Volunteer Infantry, served over two years, was in several battles, and was wounded at Swan's Quarters, having been shot three times. He was sent to the hospital at Newbern, North Carolina, and finally sent home on a furlough, but was never able to return, and was never dis- charged. After i\w war he came to Pontiac, Michigan, and in 1870 to this county, set- tling on his present farm, then covered with heavy timber. He was surrounded by wild animals and Indians, the latter being harm- less, yet often became drunk and passed his cabin whooping and yelling. He could stand at his cabin and shoot a deer any day, and bears were also very numerous. Mrs. Gilbo has eiften lived seven months at a time with- out seeing the face of a white wotnan, and has had to work hard to help earn the living, as her husband was sick much of the time. Mr. Gilbo now owns eighty acres of good land, thirty of which is cleared. He was married January 28, 1865, to Mary Dorsey, who was born in Toronto, Canada, July 5, 1840, the daughter of Jesse (deceased) and Mary (Covillaud) Dorsey, the former a native of Coteau du Lac, and the latter of St. Anns, Quebec. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbo have had one child, who died in in- fancy. Mr. Gillio is a member of the G. A. R. post, and both he and his wife were brought up to the Catholic faith, l)ut have not been identided with any church of late; the latter is educated in both French and Enirlieh. -^ "I ' ^ ' S ' I" ' PIIRAIM A. P,OARDMAN, jnoprietor I. of a saw-mill and lumberyard at Thorp, Clark County, w'as l)orn in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1837, the son of Benoni Boardman, deceased, a native of Cat taraugus County, New York. The latter re- moved with his parents to Pennsylvania, when a boy, later to Olmsted County, Minnesota, and in the spring of 1853 settled on a farm among Indians and wild animals. Ephraim remained on this place until 1872, when he came to this county, and entereti 332 BIOOBAPHICAL UlSTOHY OF 160 acres of land on the east side of the road, on sections 30 to 29, Withee Townsliip, which now constitutes a part of the village of Thorp. He built the first house in this place, which was a round-log cabin, 16 x 24 feet, all in one room. This also served as a dry-goods and grocery store, and he was therefore the first merchant of Thorp. The next store was built by L. O. Garrison in 1881, and the same year Thomas O. Mosher built and conducted a hardware store. The place now contains eiglit stores, three blacksmith shops, liarness shop, two art galleries, eight saloons, three physicians and one attorney. Mr. Boardman was married February 13, 1860, to Savilla L. Fults, who was born in JNew York State, the daughter of Joseph Fults. They have had eight children, three of whom survive: Anson, Grace and Melvin, — all at home. The deceased are: Owen, Frankie and Laura, and two died in infancy. Mr. Boardman was chairman of the Town Board two years, Town Treasurer one year, and is now Vice Grand of the L. O. O. F. lodge. Politically he affiliates with the Dem- ocratic party. fAMES A. COVERT, engineer in Nye, Lusk & Hudson's mill at Thorp, Clark County, was born in Greene County, Wisconsin, January 16, 1858, the son of James M. and Martha (Martin) Covert, natives of Ohio. They had thirteen children, only seven of whom survive, viz.: Enoch M., Mar- tha J., James A., Anna V., Claude E., Min- nie and Clark A. Lncindadied in Ilnmbird, October, 1890, at the age of forty-four years. She was the wife of Benjamin Web- ster, proprietor of the Webster House at Ilumbird. The eldest daughter, Nancy, died at the age of twenty-one years; Sarah died in Lincoln, Nebraska, in the summer of 1888, at the age of thirty-eight years; she was the wife of Charles Neyhart, a harness-maker of Lincoln, Nebraska. James M. Covert, the father of our sul)ject, served three years in the late war, in Company K, Twenty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, after which he settled in Broad head, where he has since re- sided. The subject of this sketch was educated in the private schools of Broadhead, and in June, 1880, came to Thorp, where he worked on tiie railroad, which was then being built to this place. He entered the employ of his present firm in the fall of 1881, and since that time has had charge of the engine and all machinerj' in the basement. He was married March 16, 1877, to Lillie, daughter of George Leslie, of Thorp. They have four children: Zora, Ida, Maud and Frank. All are at home, and the three eldest are attending school. Socially Mr. Covert is a member of the Sons of Veterans, and po- litically a Republican. fOHN T. HERTEL, proprietor of the depot saloon of Thorp, was born in Al- sace, France, January 3, 1858, the son of Peter Hertel, deceased, a native of the same country. He was the father of six children, three of whom still survive, and two, John and Joseph, are in Alsace, France. John T., our subject, came to the United States in 1872, and first lived seven months in New York city, and in March, 1873, removed to Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, where he worked at the baker's trade nine years. In July, 1887, he came to Thorp, where he has since remained. Mr. Hertel was married September 8, 1873, to Louise Hartel, a daughter of John D., of GLARE AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 333 Sheboygan County. They have eight chil- dren: Louise, Einil, Annie, Lena, Josephine, Franl\, Magojie and Katie. The motlier died Novemher 30, 1889. Religiously Mr. Ilertel is a Catholic. fEORGE E. McEWEN, Superintentend of Spaulding's mill, lumberyard and store, on section 33, Ilixton Township, C'lark County, was horn in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1865, the son of John A. (deceased) and Rebecca (Bacon) McEwen, natives of Pennsylvania. The father was for many years jiroprietor of a saw-mill in Williamsport, Pennsylvania; the mother still lives in the latter city. Tiie parents had eight children, six now living: Daniel H., a member of the firm of Glass & McEwen, of MinneapiJis; Seth C, superin- tendent of a lumber yard in Williamsport, Pennsylvania; Henry A., a lumberman of the same place; Lucius, superintendent of 250 men in a lumber camp of Gnll River, Min- nesota; George E., our subject, and William A., engaged in running logs at Sparrow's Point, Maryland, on Chesapeake Bay. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in the city schools and also in the Williamsport Commercial College, under Pro- fessor F. E. "Wood. Pie worked in the saw- mill there for some time, and then, in 1885, went to North Landing, Virginia, where he superintended the saw-mill and lumberyard of Reeves, Oatinan ^ USTIN BUTTERY is a native of Can- ada West, born in Petersburgh, May 8, 1844. His parents, John and Jane Buttery, were born in England and died in Canada. Austin was their ninth child. He received his education in Canada, and in Feb- ruary, 1862, came to Wisconsin. The year before he made a prospecting tour through Montana and Nevada, after which he returned to Wisconsin. In 1864 he settled in Jeffer- son County. Much of Mr. Buttery's life has been spent in the woods and in saw-mill work. He was married in 1871, Katie D. Bart, a native of New York, born in 1854. Her parents were among the early settlers of Wis- consin. He and his wife are giving their children the benefit of a good education in the district schools. In 1867 Mr. Buttery took a homestead claim in Clark County. It consists of 200 acres and is located on section 12, Lewis Township. When he moved to this place wild game was abundant, and the ex- penditure of much time and labor has been required to bring the property to its present CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 339 improved condition. The subject uf mir sketch is considered one of the substantial citizens of the tovvnsliip in which he resides. He lias been School Sujiervisor and Clerk of tiie School Board, and has also served one year as Assessor of the townsliip. In political matters lie is independent, voting for tlie man ratlier than tlie party. S^ ^ *^ - - - ., "■ 1 1 < £ * ■ . * " » * * «L. CHANDLER, a retired former who resides in Neilisville, Wisconsin, " was born in Potsdam, New York, December 2, 1823. His parents, Samuel and Sarah Chandler, natives of Vermont, settled in St. Lawrence County, New York, where they spent their lives and died. Seven ciiiidren were born to them, all sons. Tliree of them remained with tlieir father until they were twenty-two years old, working in the logging camps and also running a saw-mill for five years. When he was twenty-five years old the subject of our sketch came to Wisconsin and settled in Fine Valley, where he bought a farm of 200 acres — the oldest farm in Clark County. He had but limited tneans when he came to this State, but by good invest- ment of what little he had, by judicious man- agement of that and by much hard work he lias acquired a competency and is now in a position to enjoy the comforts of life in his old age. Mr. Chandler has been twice mar- ried. By his first wife, a Vermont lady, he had two ciiiidren, one of wiiom, Ella, is living and is married and settled in life. For his second wife he chose Mary Jane Burk, whom he wedded in New York. She is a lady of education and culture and an old teacher, hiving taught twenty-two terms in New York and this State. Two ciiiidren have been born to them. Bell and Carl. The for- mer is married and the latter is onj^a^ed in teacliinof. fAMES DE LANE, proprietor of the De Lane House, Neilisville, Wisconsin, was born in the Empire State, Novem- ber 24, 1839. His youth wa^ spent in New York and his education was obtained in the common schools. When James was five voars old his father died in that State. He came West and at theatre of thirteen, l)eii:an to learn the traile of blacksmith and wagon-maker, at Racine. Wisconsin, and when he was sixteen lie settled in Jackson County, being employed at his trade in Black River Falls. He I'e- mained at the latter place until he was twenty- three years old. In that year, November 11, he was married to Mira Wilson, daughter of Dyer Wilson, a merchant of Illinois. Pre- vious to her marriage Mrs. De Lane attended school at Black River Falls. Her father is deceased and her mother is still living. This union has been blessed with three children: William, May and Daisy. They all have the benefit of good educational advantasres, and the son is preparing for the medical profes- sion, now being a student under Dr. Mallory. Mr. De Lane enlisted in the First AViscon- sin Battery, September 10, 1861, ami did his part bravely in many of the important en- gagements of the civil war. Among the prominent actions in which ho was engaged we mention the Red River Expedition, the battles of Vicksbiirg, Cumberland Gap, Black Riv^er Bridge, Cliamj)ion Hills and Jackson Church. After a faithful service of three years the subject of our sketch was honorably dischartjed, in 1864. He was engaged in wagon-making until he met with an accident which disable 1 him from following that vocation. During a 340 BIOORAPHICAL UISTOIiX OF soldiers' reunion he had an arm blown off by a cannon. Mr. De Lane engaged in his pres- ent business in Clark County ten years ago. As a hotel-keeper lie is a success. Large- hearted, generous, and public-spirited to a fault, he is widely known as a most popular landlord. lie had little means with which to begin life and the success he has achieved is d\ie to his own efforts. •' ^ • ^"S * ^ ^ fACOB H. CLARK, confectioner, Meril- ion, Wisconsin, was born in West Troy, New York, July 15, 1845. He is the second born of the six children of Signet Clark of Black River Falls, Wisconsin. The father, also a native of New York, came West in 1857 and engaged in tiie machine business at Black River Falls, which he still continues. He was the original patentee of tine paper collars, and while in New York was exten sively engaged in the manufacture of ma- chinery. When a youth of fourteen the subject of our sketch started out to provide for himself. His tirst employment was farm work, for which he received $4 per month, and he con- tinued working on a farm and in a mill up to the time he entered the army. While in the mill he ran the engine, being an expert engi- neer, as also is his father. In October, 1863, he enlisted in Company I, Fourteenth Wis- consin, Captain C. R. Johnson, and served with bravery till the war closed. Prominent among the engagements in which he took part we mention the battle of Pleasant Ilill, Louisiana, the Red River Expedition, the battle of Tupelo, Mississippi; was at Jeffer- son City, Nashville, New Orleans, Spanish Fort, Montgomery and Mobile. He was honorably discharged on October 9, 1865. From exposure incurred during the service he contracted a severe cold which settled in his bronchial tubes, from the effects of which he has never recovered. He now receives a pension of $30 from the Government. After the war he returned to Wisconsin and entered into a partnership with his father in the planing mill and machine shop at Black River Falls, under the tirm name of S. Clark & Son. He remained therefrom 1866 until 1870, when he came to Merillon, con- tinuing the same business here until 1886. Then for two years he was engaged in rail- roading. In 1890 he opened his present confectionery business in Merillon, and has a large trade in all kinds of candies, fruits, cigars and tobacco. Since he lias lived in Merillon lie has served the public in a num- ber of ways: was elected Village Trustee in 1889 and at the same time was elected Sec- retary of the Board of Health; was a member of the Street Committee until last spring; is now Justice of the Peace. He is a prominent member of the G. A. R., Col. Ellsworth Post. His political views are in accord with Repub- lican principles, and he was a delegate to the County Convention in September last. Mr. Clark was married, September 1, 1869. to Mary A. Vanderburgh of Black River Falls. Four children have been born to them, one son and three daughters, all receiv- ing the benefit of ^ood educational advan- tages. Mr. Clark began married life witli limited means, but by hard work and economy he has managed to secure a competency. fM. WINTERS, a Clark County farmer who resides on section 4, Washburii ' Township, was born at Lima, New York, September 18, 1827, son of J. M. and Dia- dema Winters. His youth was spent in his native State. In 1861, when the civil war CLARK A\D JACKSJV COUNT [US. 341 broke out, lio joiiieil tlie Union ranks and went fortli in tlie (.lefeiise of tlie country, lie enlisted in Company A, Eighth Pennsylvania Regitnent, and served with bravery all throni^h tlie sanguinary struggle, actively participating in many important engage- ments. In 1866 Mr. Winters was married to Sarah Ilildcoln, by whom he has had two children: Thomas and William. The year following his marriage he came west and settled in Wisconsin. He located in Clark County, and in 1870 bought a farm of eighty acres, thirty acres beinw a wilderness. While in New York Mr. Winters learned the carpenter's trade, but after comino- ta this State he turned his attention to farming. He had little with which to begin life in a new country, his only capital being a yoke of cattle, two cows, and 50 cents. Many were the hardships they endured, and with characteristic pioneer bravery did they meet and overcome the obsta- cles as they presented themselves. By industry and economy they have secured a comfortable home and are now in a position to enjoy life. Mr. Winters is a Republican; he served as Justice of the Peace nine years, and has also held other ottices. ,LBERT D. MERRILL has been iden- tified with Merillon since 1874. He was born in Lincoln, Maine, in 1851, and came to Wisconsin with his parents when he was only a year old. He was educated in the district and public schools and also attended the State University. At the age of eighteen he became a clerk in the store owned by his father. In 1873 he was ap- pointed Mail Agent by Postmaster-General Rock, and served in that capacity on the (Ireen Bay & Lake Pepper Railroad for si.\ months. He then returned to the mercantile business, and was eMiplnyeil at Ilixton as a clerk in the general store of Merrill & Ice, being thus engaged one year. In 1874, as above stated, he came to Merillon. Here he clerked in his father's hardware store three years. Since then he has given his attention to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Merrill was married, in 1875, to Ella Ice. She was born in Pennsylvania in Ajjril 10, 1854, the daughter of Pennsylvania par- ents. She received her education in the public schools, and was engaged in teaching' for several years previous to her marriage. Three children have been horn to them. All are deceased. -. M? . ; !! ! . ? !.. ... fOSEPH DUXBURY, a retire.I farmer living in Alma Centre, Wisconsin, is a native of England. He was born in Lancashire, January 17, 1834, and was one of the three children who came to America with their mother in 1855. Of the fourteen children born to his parents only five are now living. Two preceded Joseph to this coun- try. The subject of our sketch received his education in England, and after he came to America was employed at cotton weaving, at which trade he had served an ap]>renticeship m his native land. He also worked on a farm for a year and a half, receiving $10 iier month. He came to Jackson County, Wis- consin, in 1856, and bought eighty acres of Government land at $125 an acre. It was a perfect wilderness at the time of purchase, and Mr. Duxbury, although he had but little money, had an ai)undance of energy and went to work to clear it up. He cleared the prop- erty and the following year sold it. Before he came West Mr. Duxbury formed the aciiuaintance of a young lady who worked B12 BWGRAPUIGAL IlIsroIlF OF in the Calico rrint Works in Rhode Island — tlie same estalilishment in which he was etnpioyed. Iler he cliose fur his lite coin- l)anion and thej were married in 1857. All their worldly possessions were packed in asmall trunk, and with it they set out for the far West to make their fortune. They lirst located at the villasre of Hixton, or where Hixton now isj houjjrht a i'srni and located on it in a log house, two miles from where the village now stands. This home, although small and containing few if any luxuries, was comfortable and they were iiappy in it. Mrs. Duxbury was also born in England. She came to America, in 1855 with her mother, who died a few years ago. Eight children have been born to them, all of them having receive'd their education in the district schools. Mr. Duxbury now owns a (quarter section of land in Garden Valley Township, all the result of his own industry and good manage- ment. He removed to Alma Centre to retire from the cares of active business. His polit- ical views are in accord with Republican principles, and he and his wife are members of tiie Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Duxbury has served the public as Treasurer of Garden Valley Township two years, as Constable of Hixton ten years, and for a num- ber of years was School Director. -►^;" S '|-- ffACOB SCHWAMB, of section 12, Wes- : ton Township, Clark Coutity, was born in Washington County, AYisconsin, Oc- tober 16, 1858, the son of Jacob Schwamb, who was born in the Province of Rhine, Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, September 2^ 1817, where he learned the cabinet-maker's trade. He came to New York city in 1846, and worked at his trade there and at other points until 1858, when he came to Washing- ton County, Wisconsin. He lived in the vil- lage of Cedar Creek until 1877, when he came to this county, and settled where our subject now lives. He was married in New York city, August 3, 1856, to Henrietta Voltz, who was born in the Province of Ober, Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany, January 6, 1825, the daughter of Ernest Voltz, de- ceased. They had four childi'en: Eliza, Ja- cob, John and George. The father died December 29, 1888, and both he and his wife were members of the German Reformed Church. The subject of this sketch was educated and reared on a farm in Cedar Creek, and also Worked several years in the pineries on Wedge's Creek. He came with his parents to this county in October, 1877, where he worked for otliers several years, but now farms the old homestead, which consists of forty acres, and also eighty acres in Eaton Township, thirty-five of which is cleared. He has been Assessor one year, and in his political views is a Democrat. *3^ AMUEL R. OWENS, of Merillon, Wis- consin, was born in Plymouth, Penn- sylvania, December 16, 1833. He re- ceived his education in the district schools of his native State and also at Wyoming Seminary in Pennsylvania. In 1856 he came to Wisconsin and began working by the montii in a saw-mill, having had experi- ence in that business before coming West. He was thus engaged up to time he entered the army. November 14, 1861, he enlisted in Company i. Second Wisconsin Cavalry, under command of Captain Latsken. They began active operations in Springfield, Mis- souri; took a train of provisions to Custer's army; had a long march of four days and CLARK AND JAVKsoX C()UNTIEs. 343 nights to Arkansas; was at Mempliis and Vicksburg. Durinj^ a service uf four years he was only sick three weeks. He was in a rail! that lasted six weeks, GOO prisoners be- ing captured by tlieir cavalry. November 15, 1865, Mr. Owens was honorably dis- charged, after which he returned to Jackson County, Wisconsin. lie now receives apen- si(Hi of $16 per month. The subject of our sketch was married, in 1S67, to Mary Ilidgo, of Black Iliver Falls, Wisconsin. Her parents ai-e natives of Ohio, and iier fatiier is enj^aged in a store and saw-mill in Clark County. Mr. and Mrs. Owens have six children, all being well edu- cated. Mr. Owens says that when he came to Merillon it was nothing but a pine woods. At that time he had only $40, and by the time he was married he had saved up $500. All that he now owns is the result of his own industry and economy. He is a Republican and a member of the G. A. R.,havitig served as commander four years. For fifteen years he has been deputy lumber inspector at Merillon. fnOMAS FREE, of section 12, Weston Township, was born in the Province of 'w Queltec, Canada East, March 4, 1846, the son of Richard (deceased) and Mary (Ross) Free, the former a native of County Wicklow, Ireland, and tlie latter of England, but both came to this country when (j^uite young. They were the parents of three chil- dren: Robert, who lost his life in the Union army during tlie late war; Annie, wife of Jolin Wright, of Humboldt, Dakota, and Thomas, our subject. Thomas Free was reared to farm life, and his educational advantages were limited, as there was no school where he lived. He went to the State of Maine in 1805, where he worked on a farm part of two summers, then in the ship-yards of Bangor a short time, next in the pineries two years. In 1867 lie came to this county, and in 1871 homesteaded 120 acres of land, which lie still owns, and sixty acres of which is cleared. Mr. Free was married December 10, 1878, to Eliza Schwamb, who was born in New York city. June 7, 1857, the daughter of Jacob Schwamb, who came to the United States when a young man. Mr. and Mrs. Free have five children: Clara E., Nettie E., Archibald, Ernest and Lydia M.. Mr. Free lias been clerk of the School Board eight years, and is tlie present incumbent. He is a member of the 1. O. O. F., and politically a Republican. fAMES H. SARGENT, late proprietor of Sargent's Hall, Thorp, was horn in the town of Maria, New York. July 8, 1836, the son of James Sargent, formerly of Par- ker's Prairie, Minnesota, where he died in 1888, at the age of eighty-six years. They removed to Hamilton County, New York, when our subject was an infant, and a few years later to the Adirondac Mountains, where the father was foreman of the building of the machinery for the Adirondac Iron Works. Three years later they emigrated to Democrat Prairie, Wisconsin, where he built the first frame house in the city of Berlin, then called Strong's Landing. He lived at this place a few years, and then located on Indian lands, in the same county, near Prince- ton. The Indians were numerous, and often came and looked through the cracks of their shanty while the lamily were eating dinner. They would beg or steal more or less, but were never hostile. After eight years' resi- dence there, thoy removed to Peddler's Grove, 344 nWGHArUlCAL U J til OH ¥ OP settling on the prairie land, where they set up stakes, tj-ing tlietn together with bark, which thoy also used for a covering. Jatnes H , our subject, served in the late war, in Company II, Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving from December 31, 18(53, to July 12, 1865. He was in the battles of Vicksburg, Mempiiis, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Atlanta, Cliattahoochee, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Columbia, Ra- leigh, Lovejoy Station, Savannah, and also with Sherman to the sea. lie held the otHce of Sergeant, and had chai-ge of the battalion at Savannah, Georgia. He was tendered a captain's commission, but refused. He was at the grand review at Washington, and after the war returned to Eau Claire, Wis- consin, and later to Augusta, where kept he hotel three years. He then went to South Fork, and ran a hotel at Hank's stopping place nine or ten years', next returned to Augusta, after which he left iiis farm and went to camp in the Elk Mountains, Colo- rado, where he mined two yaers, and still has an interest in seven mines there. He then came to Thorp in 1881, where he built the Forest Queen Hotel, which he ran a few years and then sold out. In 1883 he built a large hall known as the Opera House, with the Forest Queen saloon on the first floor. Mr. Sargent's mother, nee Elizabeth F. McCauley, was born in Goifstown, New Hampshire, July 13, 1810. Mr. and Mrs. Sargent had twelve children, live of whom are still living, viz.: Theodore L., James H., Frederick, Edward and Sarah. Fred- erick was also in the late war, in Com- pany I, Thirtieth Wisconsin Volunteer In- fantry; Thomas N. was in the same company; Oscar, in tiie Sixth Wisconsin Volunteer In- fantry, and Charles M., in Company C, Eichth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. Os- car died at Arlington Heights, Virginia, in 1863; Charles died at Germantown, Missis- sippi, while in the service of his country; Thomas in Minnesota after the war; Will- iam F., in Scott's Valley, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, leaving a family; and Harriet at the age of fourteen years. Lenora Sargent was drowned at Fayston, Vermont, at the age of four years, by falling off a bridge, in 1836. Mr. Sargent was married April 3, 1856, to Julia A. Newton, daughter of Samuel Newton. They have three children: llirain F., Lenora E. and Emma A. Hiram was mar- ried to Nellie Dunn, and they have two chil- dren: Guy and Arthur (a Christmas gift); Lenora married Charles S. Little, of White liear Lake, Minnesota, and they have one child also, Clara E. Mr. Sargent is a Mason, a member of the I. O. O. F., of the G. A. R. and Merchants' Association. He was a mem- bers of the Town Board seven years in Eau Claire County, but has always refused office here. His son, Hiram, is his partner in busi- ness, and witii W. H. Mead he owns forty acres of mineral land in Clark County, which contains vast quantities of rich hematite iron ore, which assays sixty-three per cent. They have also some mining land in Taylor County, Wisconsin, which contains silver, lead, gold and traces of gray copper, and they are now sinking a shaft to develop it. -^ "^ • 3 *« t ' |" *" — ~ HARLES W. HYSLIP, of section 23, Weston Township, was born near Tata- nagoush, Colchester County, Nova Sco- tia, July 6, 1834, the son of Richard (deceased) and Betsey (Crow) Hyslip; the former was a native of Scotland, but caine to America when a I>oy; the latter was a native of Nova Scotia. Our suljject was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools of his native place. He left home at the age of VLAJiK AJSD JAUKSUN COUNTIES. 345 eighteen years, traveling from Londonderry to JJ<)8ton on a sail vessel, and afterward was engaged as cook on a codfisliing vessel. He then remained at home until in February, 1854, when he shipped from Halifax to Bos- ton, and for two years worked twenty miles from the latter place. He emigrated to this county in June, 185G, settling in AVeston Township, where he has since resided, en- gaged in lumbering and farming. He settled on his present farm in 1808. He has been chairman of the Town Uoard four terms, and School Treasurer twenty years. Politically he affiliates with the Rei)ublican party. Mr. Hyslip was married in tlie village of Bolton, April 5, ISoG, to Nancy, daugliter of Jefferson (deceased) and Barbara (Horn) Con- den; Mrs. Hyslip was born in Nova Scotia. Of their live children only one is now living, — Margaret E., now the wife of Lyman Tracy, of this town. They have had eight children, viz.: Ella, Edith, Ethel, Homer, Edna and an infant girl. One of Mr. Hyslip's children, Benjamin F., was killed in a saw- mill in Eaton Township, this county, in April, 18(!5, at the age of twenty-seven years. He married Ada Tuttle, and had two children: Bessie (deceased), and William B. Two children died of diphtheria: one, Charles E., was eight years old, and William A. six months. Barbara Ann died of measles, at the age of one year and seven months. ^,f. t ,, l . % ^ IHEODORE A. ANDERSON, ajroneral merchant of Greenwood, was born near Taylor's Station, Jackson County, Wis cousin, November 20, 1802, the son of Knud Anderson, a native of Norway, but now of Hemlock, this county. He came with his parents to the United States when lifteen years of age, and settled at Uaciiie, Wis- consin. He was a pioneer of Jackson County, having settled among Indians and wild animals. He removed to this county in 1870, settling in Beaver Township, in the thick woods. Theodore, our subject, worked in the woods and saw-mills several years, and also in driv- ing logs in Black River. He came to Creen- wood in 1881, where he clerked in a store seven years. In 1888 he engaged in business for himself at Hemlock, but in May, 181)0, removed his stock of goods to Greenwood, where he carries a full line of groceries, dry goods, boots, siloes, hats, caps, etc. He has a capital stock of $2,000, his annual sales amounting to $0,000, which is rapidly in- creasing. Mr. Anderson was married July 1, 1880, to Mary Francis, daughter of John Francis, of this township. They have one child, George M., born Marcli 25, 1887. Mr. Anderson was School Treasurer of Warner Township one year, is a Republican politi- cally, and an enterprising, public-spirited and liberal citizen, and deserves a good patronage from the pulilic. ^t^^--^ AVJD JUSTICE, a prominent merchant of Greenwood, was born in Monroe County, New York, March 29, 1840, the son of John Justice, who lost his life in theUnionservice in the late war, havingl)eena memberof Company D, Twenty-fifth Wiscon- sin Volunteer Infantry. The family ^came to Sparta, Monroe County, Wisconsin, in 1859, where the father ran a tailor shop and cloth- ing store. Our subject w(irk(^d at various things when young, and afterward came to Merrill, Lincoln County, where he engaged in contractintr and buildinrr in the summer, and in scalinu; logs in the winter. In 1885 he 346 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF came to Greenwood, and built a saw-mill lor his brother-in-law, E. E. Crocker, but after- ward worked at his present business for Mr. Crocker two years, when lie bcuglit him out. Mr. Justice was married April 20, 1873, to Frances, daughter of Levi Crocker, of Mon- roe County, this State, and they have three children: Fred, born Feliruary 5, 1875; Ella, July 13, 1888; and Howard, December 28, 1888. Mr. Justice is a member of the I. O. O. F., subordinate encampment, and also the Modern Woodmen. He is an enterj^ris- ing and public-spirited citizen. -i^^ fOHN BOAVERMAN, of section 2, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Prince Edward County, Ontario, near Pictou, at the head of the Bay of Quinte, May 12, 1823, the son of Cornelius (deceased) and Martha (Morgan) Bowerman, both natives of Canada. Our subject's grandfather, Jona- than Bowerman, was a Quaker from Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Bowerman had fif- teen children, twelve of whom grew to matu- rity, and eleven still survive, namely: Hannah, John, Ichabod, Daniel, Thomas, Leonard, Sarah E., Melissa J., Bennett, Joseph and Phoebe. One daughter, Deborah, died in 1861, leaving a husband and seven children. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life, and received a limited education in a Quaker seminary. He came from Canada to Jackson County, in 1855, where he worked in a saw-mill and at various other employ- ments for one year. He then came to this county and settled seven and a half miles east of Neillsville, in what is now Grant Town- ship, which was then covered with heavy timber. His nearest neighbors were one and a half miles distant, and the Indians and wild animals were numerous. A bear would often pick up a hog in his arms, cut his throat with his teeth, and then carry him off. Mr. Bowerman has killed many deer, and also cauglit many wild-cats, minks and foxes in steel traps. During the year 1889-90 he caught twelve foxes, and also several coons. He came to his present farm in the fall of 1866, where he at once went to work in the thick forest, and now owns forty acres of cleared land, and a life-interest in forty acres more. He has a fine house, a large barn, and all the other necessary buildings. Mr. Bowerman was married in August, 1847, to Hannah Honeywell, a native of Ot- tawa, Canada, and daughter of L-a Honeywell, deceased. They have had eight children, four of whom are still living, viz.: Eufus L, Sarah E., Me- lissa J. and Martha M. Sarah married Moody Chandler, of this city, and has five children, — Eva, Irvin, Nettie, Ira and John. Melissa married David Warner, of Warner Township, this county, and has two children, — Mark and Clen. Martha married Edward Parker, of this city, and has four children, — Leland, Myrtle, Clinton and Irvin. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bowerman are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. |AXWELL HEASLETT, of section f /Mjflt 26, Eaton Township, Clark County, ^^^^ was born thirty miles southeast of Quebec, Canada, April 16, 1844, the son of William and Mary (Maxwell) Ileaslett, both natives of County Armagh, Ireland, the for- mer born in the year 1814, and the latter in 1815. They now live with their son, the subject of this sketch. Of their ten children, six are still living: William, Sarah, Andrew, Maxwell, Margaret and Robert. A daughter, Jane, was married and removed to Upper CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 347 Canada, hut has not been heard from for twenty years. Maxwell Ileaslett was reared on a farm, and received but a limited education, lie came to the United States in the fall of 1868, stoi>ping first in Neillsville, wliere he worked in the pineries and in Hewitt's mill for two years. Since that time he has worked in the pineries during the winters, and drove logs and farmed in the spring and summers. lie settled on his present farm of eighty acres in the spring of 1878, and has since cleared thirty-nine acres. Mr. Ileaslett was married May 15, 1878, to Kmina E. Hewett, who was born in Essex County, New York, September 3, 1858, the daughter of George (deceased) and Maria (Magoon) Ilewett. The mother was born in Lower Canada, May 30, 1831, and now lives with her children; the father was born in Essex County, New York, August 31, 1808, and came to this county in 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Ileaslett have two children: Etiiel C, born March 22, 1879, and Harry, September 17, 1880. Both Mr. Ileaslett and wife were members of the Methodist Churcli, and the former is a Republican politically. w HLLIAM C. FRICKE, of section 26, Eaton Township, Clark County, was born in Hanover, Germany, in the town of Diepliolz, February 17, 1820, the son of Christopher (deceased) and Christiana (Nolte) P'ricke, both natives of Diepliolz. Thev were the parents of five children: Will- iam, Henry, Frederick (the two latter reside in Buffalo, Scott County, Iowa), and Eliza- beth, deceased. One son also died in child- hood. William C, our subject, was a soldier in the (Tcrman I'evohition in 1848-'41), having fought against the king. He was in favor of a republic, and when he saw they had failed, he, with others, took passage on a ship for the United States. Stii])ping first in Milwaukee, in the fall of 18-40, Mr. Fricke worked at the shoemaker's trade until the summer of 1850, when he removed to Newburg, Washington County, Wisconsin, where he worked at his trade until 1855. In that year he went to Waco, Texas, remaining until 1857, and then returned to Newiiurg, where he worked at his trade until 1876. He then came to this county, and settled on his present farm of eighty acres, sixty of wliich is cleared. Mr. Fricke was married August 9, 1852, to Eva Fretsche, daughter of Gotfried (deceased) and Justine (Dobig) Fretsche, both natives of Saxony, Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Fricke have ha^> <| . SM ^.£f.^ tHARLES C. PETERSON, owner and manager of the Merchants' Hotel, Black River Falls, was born near Copen- hagen, Denmark, in 1844. He remained in his nati. 6 land until he was sixteen years of age; he then started out in the world on his own responsibility, and emigrated to America, being the lirst member of his family to cross the sea. He landed in the city of New York, and continued his journey to Chicago; thence he went to Grand Haven, Michigan, and for some time was employed in the construction of a railroad along the Grand River. One year later he went to Muskegon, and there engaged as cook for a mining camp in that vicinity; this position not proving all that could be desired, he abandoned it and went to Pentwater; there he was married, and took the contract to keep a boarding-house for Charles Mears, a lumberman; he con- ducted this business successfully for a time, and then went to Manistee County, Michi- gan, where he opened a boarding house and hotel; he afterwards located in the town of Manistee, and for five years kept a hotel in that place. We next find Mr. Peterson located in Wis- consin, again employed in the building of a railroad, on the Green Bay and Winona branch. Later on he returned to his old oc- cupation, keeping hotel, and then for a time he was interested in the raising of live-stock, and also did a considerable amount of trading with the Indians in furs and berries. Ten years afterwards he came to Black River Falls, and invested in farm lands, and did some lumbering. In November, 1890, he purchased his present hotel, and his long experience in this business enables him to anticipate the wants of the traveling public; ho and his wife do all in their power to render their guests comfortable, and being of genial, kindly dispositions they meet with unquali- lied success. Mr. Peterson has been very prosperous in all his business dealings, and has accumu- lated a considerable amount of property. When one considers his youth in starting out in the world, and that he was a stranger in a strange land, too much praise cannot be be- stowed upon him. He and his wife have eight children, six daughters and two sons. ATTERLEE & TIFT are the proprie- tors and publishers of the Republican and Press, the oldest journal in the county, having been established in the year 1855. Neillsville at that time consisted of a small cluster of houses and gave but little promise of becoming the prosperous and thriving little city it now is. The present publishers of the paper are energetic, public- spirited gentlemen, and under their manage- ment the Republican and Press has become one of the leading publications of Northern Wisconsin. Their printing house is well equipped for doing a general business, and work entrusted to them is executed in the highest style of the art. In 1890 they pub- CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 351 lislied in large pamphlet form a historical and descriptive work of Clark Conntj; it contains eiglity pages and fnrnislies much valuable in- formation in regard to the climate, soil, and natural resources of tlie county. Milton Satterlee was born near Freeport, Illinois, and lias been engaged in the news- paper business for many years. James H. Tiit is a native of Wisconsin, born in Dane County. He learned the trade of a printer in Black Earth, Dane County, becoming foreman of the Democrat of Mad- ison, and came from that place to Neillsville. mI^KICH ODEKBALZ has been identi- pjjl tied with the business interests of Black •5¥^ River Falls since the year 1856, when his residence there began. He is a brewer by trade, and has been engaged in this busi- ness for many years, being one of the oldest brewers in the State. He is a native of Switzerland, born April 19, 1819. In 1852 he left his home and friends and native land and sailed to the shores of America, too full of hiipeful anticipations to be discouraged by all tlie obstacles which he must encounter in a strange land. He went immediately to Canton, Ohio, where he worked in a brewery for six months; the then spent about the same length of time traveling down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; he visited New Orleans and went thence to Texas, but did not locate there; on his retnrn to the North he settled in Galena, Illinois, where he resided until 1854; the two years following he was a'resi- dent of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and then in 1856, as before stated, he settled in Black River Falls. During the time that he was in La Crosse he was employed in the cooper's trade, wliich he had also mastered in his native land, it being a cust^ T. FRENCH, late of Clark County, Wisconsin, was one of the prominent ' and influential men of his time. He was born in Pennsylvania, August 10, 1831, and came to Wisconsin at an early day, where, up to the time of his death, he was identifled with the leiding citizens. He was the first Treasurer of Clark County and held the office two years. He read law in this county with one of tiie leading attorneys, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1849. He was subse- quently elected District Attorney, which office he held for a number of years. He was a member of the City Council of Neills- ville for eight years. Mr. French obtained his early education in Pennsylvania. He was a graduate of a medical college, but as that profession was not congenial to his tastes he abandoned it for the law. His death oc- curred February 11, 1887. He left to his family a large tract of land in section 23, Pine Valley Township. This property is the result of his industry and his judicious management. His widow, Elizabeth R. PVench, lives on the farm with her son, Edwin. She is also a native of Pennsylvania, born September 4, 1835. She received a thorough education, as also have lier children. By all who know her she is regarded as a most estimable woman. Her other children are Nettie, Elsey, Viola and Dimple, all l)e- ing married except Edwin. fRANK EARNING, son of John and Ann Earning, was born in Clark County, Wisconsin, in 1862. His father, a na- tive of Ireland, came to Wisconsin some thirty-five years ago and took up a home- stead claim in Clark County. He continued to make his home on it until the time of his death, which occurred in 1864. He enlisted in Company I, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, but was only in the service a short time. Receiving injuries, he was taken to a Ten- nessee hospital, where he died. Three of his four children are still living. The land which Mr. Earning left to his family consists of 160 acres, and is located on CLARK AND JAVKSON COUNTIES. 353 section 6, Grant Township, fonr miles from Neilisvillc. On tliis place Frank resides with his mother, iind is eniraired in atrriciilt- nral pursuits. lie is a Democrat and takes an active interest in political matters. For sevei'al years lie has acted as Deputy Sheriff of the county. The mother is now si.xty- three years old. She came to this State with hor Inisljand and shared with him the many hardsiiips and privations incident to pioneer life. She is much respected, and has a large circle of friends in tiie community where she I'csidet. fOHN I. BROWN, a well-known citizen and one of the oldest settlers of Clark County, Wisconsin, was born in Germany, March 1, 1802. He landed in America on May 12, 1846, and took up his abode near Milwaukee. There he found employment, at which he made three shillings per day. For seven years he worked near Milwaukee and during that time cleared a large amount of land, his only capital being an ax and grub- bing hoe combined with his strong and willing muscle. His first investment here was in a pair of steers, which he purchased from one of his countrymen. The sum to be paid for them was $16.50, but as he did not have the money his German friend gave him time and did not even take a note. When the time agreed upon for payment arrived Mr. 15rown met the man in Milwaukee and told him he was ready to pay off the $16.50, to which his friend replied that he must buy a quart of beer first. This, of course, he readily did. Thus confidence was established in him by his neighbors in the community where he lived, and it was never lost. Mr. Brown came to Clark County in 1850 and bought eiirhty acres of land, which by a* hard work he cleared up. His wife has shared with him the many hardships incident to pioneer life. Like many other faithful German wives, she helped him in out-door work and she also spun and wove all the clothes that her family wore. When Mr. Brown arrived in this country he was accom- panied by his wife and one child. Other children have? been l)orn to them, and tlieir family now consists of live sons and one daughter, namely: Jacob, Jr., Henry, Flem- ming, Joseph, Peter and Kate. Mr. Brown added to his first purchase until he now has enough land to give each of his children forty acres. His property is located in Grant Townshij), sections 16 and 17. HOMAS B. MILLS, of Millston, Wis- )if cousin, was born in the town of Man- chester, Jackson County, this State, October 12, 1857; attended district school until si.xteen years of age, then learned teleg- raphy and was in the railway service until he reached his majority. He then took the scientific course at Colonel McMynn's Acad- emy in Racine, Wisconsin, graduating in June, 1881. He has been chosen to many offices of trust and responsibility, having been chairman of the Town Board of Super- visors since 1882, chairman of the County Board of Supervisors for four years, repre- sented Jackson County in the Wisconsin As- sembly si.x years (1885 to 1890 inclusive), and having bee;i for four years Speaker of tlu> Assembly: was the youngest man that ever filled this responsible position. Mr. Mills is engaged in lumbering at Millston, and banking and milling at Black River Falls, Wisconsin, being the president of the Jackson County Bank and a director of the Jackson County Milling Company. 354 BIOORAPEICAL HISTORY OF He is also extensively engaged in the real- estate and loan business at West Superior, Wisconsin, tlie firm being T. B. & J. H. Mills. Mr. Mills is a member of the I. O. O. F., of the K. P., and the B. P. O. E., No. 46, Milwaukee; is a S. P. R. S., Wisconsin Con- sistory; lUustrious Noble of Tripoli Temple, Milwaukee. He is also a member of the Su- perior Club, the Superior Boat Club, and the Superior Chamber of Commerce. He is a typical western hustler, who at tliirty-three stands in the front rank of tlie energetic, pushing men wiio have made a great empire of the Northwest and dotted it with imperial cities. — g- S i' S ' l *-^ fOHN STEIN FELDT, residing on section 34, York Township, is one of the many German citizens who have largely as- sisted in the development of the resources of this country. He was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, Marcli 24, 1844, and is a son of John and Minnie (Schultz) Steinfeldt, natives of the same province. The parents emi- grated to America in 1853, and settled in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, where they died at an advanced age. They had five chil- dren born to them, only two of whom lived to maturity: Mary, the wife of William Freudle, aiid John the subject of this biog- raphy. The latter was nine years of age when he came to America, and passed his youth in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, where he had the advantage of the public schools. He continued a resident of that county until 1888, and then removed to Clark County, and located on the farm where he now lives. He purchased at the time 120 acres, ten of which were cleared; he has now about fifty acres under cultivation, and in time will reclaim the whole from the state in which nature left it. The life of the pioneer is not an easy one, and only those who have experienced it can appreciate the privations and hardships to which the early settlers were subjected. Mr. Steinfeldt began his career without any means, and it is through his own exertions that he has accumulated his property. Politically he affiliates witli the Republi- can party, and has represented the people of his township in many of its offices. 1862 he enlisted as a member of Company B, Twenty-seventh Wisconsin Volunteer In- fantry, and served until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged in September, 1865, at Brownsville, Texas; he participated in Banks' Red River expedition, and in the I)attle8 of Little Rock, Jenkins' Ferry, Prai- rie Duane, Vicksburg Spanish Fort and in the siege of Mobile, and several minor skir- mishes, but was never wounded or taken prisonei'. Mr. Steinfeldt was married December 23, 1869, to Miss Margaret Huyck, of Sheboy- gan County, Wisconsin; she was born in Canada, June 17, 1851, and is a daughter of Aaron and Margaret (DeLong) Huyck, na- tives of the State of New York, and now residents of York, Clark County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Steinfeldt are the ])arents of one daughter, Mildred, the wife of John Ebbe, further notice of whom will be found in this volume. •"»i | « 3 ii t ' | fHOMAS FITZMAURICE, a farmer of township 24, range 4, section 18, where he has eighty acres, was the eldest son of David and Mary (Nowlin) Fitzmaurice, of County Mayo, Ireland. His brothers and sisters were John, Peter, Mary, Ellen and CLARK AM) JACKSON COUNTIES. 355 Sarali, none of whom came to America. Tlieir inotlier liaJ three hrotliers anil no sisters. Mr. FitzmaUrice's maternal grandparents were natives of County Roscommon, Ireland. The ancestry on both sides is traceable through a long series of generations. Mr. Fitzniaurice was born December 22, 1828, and at the ajre of twenty-two years he came to America, landing at New York, in June, 1850, and remained in the State of New York till the autumn of 1854, when he came to Dane County, Wisconsin, and pur- chased forty acres of land and settled upon it. In 1856 he sold out there and came to Jack- son County, locating in the township of Alma, now called the town of Cleveland. Three years later he again sold out and purchased his present home. When he first came here he had been preceded by only Messrs. Ilorrel, Notteter, Flick, 13ever, (Tilliland and Wilson, with their families. During the first winter he had to go many miles for Hour and gro- ceries, and carry his purchases on his back. The grist-mill and trading post were seven- teen and twenty-two miles away. During the first year he raised nothing but a few beans, potatoes and ruta-bagas. Neither doctors, lawyers nor preachers were here in those days. Previous to 1860 Mr. F'itzmaurice was a member of the Town Board and Assessor. The first postoffiee to which his mail was brought was eighteen miles away, and the few neighbors took turns in goiny for the mail, with the understanding that it was to be left at some certain place convenient for all. March 27, 1853, Mr. Fitzmaurice married Miss Wealthy Snow, at P'orestville, Chautau- qua County, New York. Her father, Samuel Snow, had lived in that vicinity from boy- hood, his parents being from Madison Coun- ty, that State. Mr. Fitzmaurice bad three brothers an'Ki«^- ROBERT W. SPARKS, a farmer of sec tion 24, township 23, range 1 east (Sher- wood Forest), was born February 28, 1859, in Sullivan County, Nevv York, the youngest son in a family of eight children, three daughters ant! Ave sons. Their names CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 357 were: Tlioinas, James and John (twins), Jesse I'., Kobert W., Elizaljetli, Emily and Hannah. All these are married excepting Jesse and James, and are all settled in the town of Sherwood Forest excepting Emily, who was married in New York State and never emigrated West, and is now deceased. Seven members of the family reside here. Mr. Sparks' father, born July 25. 1818, was originally from Schoharie County, New York, and removed with his family to AYashara County, Wisconsin, in 18G9. Seven years later he came to Clark County, where he is still living. He had one brother and seven sisters. His mother, whose maiden name was Silvia Calkins, was born in 1813, of par^ ents originally from Connecticut, who located in Sullivan County when that region was new, and died in 1871. The grandfather Sparks came to this State in the '50s, locating in Plaintield, Washara County. The grand- father Calkins was born in Connecticut, but lived and died in New York State, over eighty years of age. The great-grandfather, James Sparks, served in the war of the Revo- lution and finally died of cancer. While he was in the war his wife was left at home and was forced to secrete herself at night to avoid the Tories and Indians. The uncle of the subject of this sketch, named also lujbert Sparks, enlisted in the late war, in 1861, and served to the end; was in the battle of Mur^ freesboro and several others. At one time he was rejjorted dead, but he is still living, in Portage County, this State. Mr. Robert W. Sparks, our subject, was married October 3, 1883, to Miss Julia E. Messing, who was a daughter of George and Marian Messing, of Portage County. In their family were two sons and eight daugh- ters, all of wliom live in this State, — five in Clark County. Her father's parents were na- tives of Germany. The grandfather was forty- one years of age when he canio to this country, and he and two of his sons died of cholera just as they were landing at New York. Mrs. Sparks' maternal grandfather was Irish, and her maternal grandmother was a Connecticut lankee. Her mother's father's name was Eager, and her mother's mother's name was Chandler. The children of Mr. Sparks are: Laura Grace, born September 22, 1884; Myra Viola, March 30, 1886; Edna May, May 27, 1887; Bessie Naomi, October 24, 1888, and Cyrus Clyde, April 8, 1890. NDREW N. VIKCH, a general mor- i chant and dealer in hay and produce at -^^ Curtis, was born at Lillethum haa Yos- se.--tranden Bergen Stiff, Norway, July 14, 1845, the son of Borjonel Nelson (deceased), a native of the same place, who lost his life while off trading. Our subject came to the United States on June 7, 1854, and lived in Chicago one year, and in 1855 moved to Detroit, where his mother married Peter An- derson, a master mechanic of the Michigan Central Railroad. In March, 1857, they re- turned to Chicago, where the mother died, in June of the same year. September 23, 1858, Mr. Virch went again to Detroit to live with his aunts, where he attended the Bishop Union School two or three years. He next enlisted in the late war, August 15, 1862, in Com- pany E, Twenty- fourth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, serving throe years, being dis- charged June 30, 1865, and acted as Division Commissary Sergeant by appointment. After the war, in 1867-'68, he went to school for one season, and then to Chicago and worked at the carpenter's trade until 1870, when he came to Dane County, Wisconsin, and re- mained until September 21), 1872. Iti that year he came to the town of Beavei', now 358 BIOORAPHTCAL HISTORY OF Majville, settling on tlie northwest quarter of section 14, townsliip 29, range 1 east, and honiesteaded 160 acres (a soldier's right) where he lived until 1882. He next came to Curtis and estal)lisiied the iirst store and postoffice in the place. When he first came here deer, bear and Indians were plentiful but never gave him any trouble. He began business with $250 in money, and now car- ries a stock of $2,000, his annual sales be- ing $6,000. Mr. Virch was married in Dane County, Wisconsin, February 15, 1873, to Betsy Nel- son Kjerie, daughter of Knut Kjerie, de- ceased. They have had three children, two of whom are still living: Ledia and Anne. The mother died June 30, 1880, and Mr. Vircii was again married, August 15, 1883, to Lena Fleasram, daughter of Andrew Fleas- ram, deceased. They have four children: Lottie, Emma, Niron and Theresa. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and the former is also a member of the G. A. R. He has been School Clerk for the past eight years, and also eight years Notary Public, and Justice of the Peace six- teen years. -... ^ .i..I. ?. . fOHN A. McCARTY, of Hixton, Clark County, was born in Luzern County, Pennsylvania, December 18, 1847, the son of Dominick McCarty, formerly of this place, and a native also of Ireland, near Loch Erin, born May 12, 1798. He was taken to London, England, when a small boy, where he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, which business he followed several years. He came to Prince Edward's Island when a young man, and was there married to Matilda Mc- Laren, a native of that place. He worked at his trade there several years, and then came to Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, ahuut the year 1888. They were tlie parents of ten children, six of whom are still living, viz.: Catharine, Elizabeth, Joim, William, Maggie and Mary E. The eldest child, Margaret, died at the age of sixteen years; Charles H. died in 1882, at the age of forty-seven years; James, in 1876, at the age of thirty-eight years. Mr. McCarty's parents came to La Crosse County, Wisconsin, in the spring of 1857, settling on a farm, where he attended the common schools. He was a soldier in the late war, in Company C, Forty-ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving one year. After the war he went to Melrose, Jackson County, where he farmed two years, and in the fall of 1807 came to this county. He worked in the pineries during the winters, and on the farm for W. H. Mead in the summer until 1872, when he settled on his present farm of 200 acres. He has run logging camps several years for others, and also for himself several winters. Mr. McCarty was the first Post- master at Longwood, having been first ap- pointed in January, 1874, by U. 8. Grant, which office he held until 1876, when he re- signed. He was also the first Town Clerk of Hixton, and held the ofiice from 1875 to 1886; was Assessor two years; Chairman of the Town Board one year; Constable one year; Justice of the Peace three years; Clerk of School Board six years; School Director three years, and is now serving his fourth year as School Treasurer, and has also filled the office of Town Treasurer by appointment one year. Mr. McCarty was married January 1, 1872, to Jeanette Smith, daughter of Christopher Smith, and they have three children, — Almon H., Haskell and Dora E. Mr. McCarty is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Greenwood, and CLARK AND JACKSON COUNT I US. 359 also tlie G. A. li. Post. .Ilia wife is a iiiein- l)er of tlie Metlioili.st Episcopal Cluircli. ^ • 3"I * ^ '' '" IfSOSEA WHISTON DAVIS, a farmer of section 17, towiisliip 25, range 1 east, was born Jnly 4, 1837, at Stockholm, St. Lawrence County, New York, the fourth son of Daniel R. Davis, who had five (laugh- ters and eijfht sons, all born in New York State. The father was horn in Shoreham, Vermont, and was one of the early settlers of eastern, or the Champlain region of New York. He had one brother and one sister. The brother, Amos, settled in the town of Moriah, Essex Count}', New York, and reared live children. The sister, Abigail, married John Noble McArthur, of Scotch descent. The grandfather was of the second generation from the immigration of the family from Wales to this country. Daniel K. Davis married Miss Maria Cilidden, one of a family of one son and five daughters. Her ancestry can be traced back to the French on her mother's side, to one Joseph Wliiston, and to the Irish on her father's side. The mother IS still alive and in vigorous health for woman of her age, — eighty-four years. The father died April 9, 1867, at theage of seventy years, at the old homestead in Stockholm, New York, which ])laco has since passed into the hands of strangers. Abigail McGowen, a grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was of Scotch origin but of aline who had been long in this country. Mr. Davis, whose name introduces this sketch, married Miss Nancy Bowman, of Lisbon, St. Lawrence County, April 13, 18(13. Slio was the youngest of eight childnui (four sous and four daughters) of James liowman. William, Joseph and Susan Bowman, two brothers and a sister, were born in Ireland, while James, Thomaa, Eliza and Mary were American born. Ai>out ISU! the itareiits came to this country, locating in St. Lawrence County, New York. Mrs. Davis' iriother, liy birth Katherine McO'Vene, was of an Irish family. She, with two other members of the family were all that ever decided to remain in this country. After a residence of twelve years in the East, Mr. Davis moved to this State, and lived a year in Gratit Township and a year in York Township, Clark County. Soon after his arrival in this State he pnr- cliased eighty acres of land on section 17, in township 25, range 1 east, and maile it a permanent home. The land was secured from the Fox River Improvement Company, and he proceeded to make for himself a pleasant home. He has three children, namely: Abbie Ma- ria, born at Stockholm, New York, March 10, 1864; Sherman, born February 18, 1867, at the same place; and Gordon M., July 16, 1878, on the old homestead in Clark County; and Abbie Maria, who married Georo-e Harding September 8, 1880, and is the mo- ther of four children: Theron B., Edith, Ethel and Esther. Sherman married Lessie W. Heath, October 1, 1890. ARL RICHELEU, a farmer of Green- wood, was born near Threuuohjem, Nor- way, September 15, 1888, the son of C. N. Richeleu, deceased. Our subject came to the United States in 1861, settling in Spring- field Township, Jackson County, Wisconsin, fifteen miles west of I'lauk River Falls, on wild prairie land, whei-e he was engaged in hunbering dui'ing the winter months, and in farming in the summer. He was drafted in the late war in the first draft in Wisconsin, in 1863, and served three months, having 3fiO monuAruwAL iirsroiiY of been discharged on account of sickness. lie came to tliis county in 1871, settling on his present farm on section 36, township 27, ranpe 2, Warner Township, near Greenwood, which was at that time covered with heavy timber. He owns 120 acres, of which nearly seventy acres is cleared, where he is engaged in general farming and stock-raisins'. Mr. Iliclieleu was married in February, 1862, to Cliristena A. Christianson, a native of Norway. They have had seven children, four of whom are now living, — Theodore M., Christian C, Mary Ann and Charles. Chris- tian married Jennie Severeon, and now re- sides in Warner Township. Mr. Richelen was a member of the Town Board several years, of which he was Chairman one and a half years. He has been Road Overseer ten or twelve years; a member of the School Board several years, of which he is now a Di- rector. Religiously liotli he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and politi- cally he is a Republican. He is an enter- prising and public-spirited citizen, taking a great intei-est in the growth and development of his county. He gives liberally to charit- able and benevolent purposes. IB * ' a) jRSON CORNWELL.— Located on sec- tion 10, Pine Valley Township, is the elegant residence and productive farm of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Cornwell is one of the practical farmers of Clark County. He was born December 24, 1829, the son of Smith and Roily Cornwell, both natives of New York. His parents died and are buried in Jefferson County, that State. In 1850 Orson became an apprentice to the carpenter's trade. He was very industrious and economical, and by the lime he was mar- ried had saved up $500. May 15, 1866, he came to Wisconsin and here continued work at his trade for some years, after which he turned his attention to farminsr- December 24, 1857, Mr. Cornwell wedded Hannah Goodrich, who was born in Jefferson County, New York, August 19, 1835. Her paternal ancestors were English people. She was reared in her native State, is a lady of much education and culture, and takes an interest in literary matters. This union has been blessed with one child, Isabelle, a gradu- ate of the Neillsville High School. Mr. Cornwell's political views are in harmony with Republican principles. He is a member of tlie K. of II., and is a most worthy citizen. Mrs. Cornwell is a member of the W. C. T. U. ^wS- fRANCIS M. HARLOW, of section 33, Warner Township, Clark County, was born in Hasting? County, Upper Canada, July, 10, 1833, the son of Hezekiah and Jnlia A. (Weese) Harlow. The father was the son of John Harlow, a ship carpenter by trade, who came from England when a young man; the mother was a daughter of John Weese, of German ancestry. The parents had ten children, only three now living: Mary A., now Mrs. Ilubbell, of Hastings County, Up- per Canada; Francis, our subject, and Charles E., who, if living, resides in New York State, but has not 1)een heard from for several years. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life, and educated in the common schools of his native county, where he also worked at the carpenter's trade. He came to this county from Canada in 1856, where he was subse- quently naturalized, and first voted for Fre- mont. He entered 160 acres of land one mile south of the village of Loyal in Loyal Town- ship, the same fall, Init on account of sickness ill his family he returned to Canada, and CLARK AND JACKSON COUJSTIE'i. 361 thereby lost liis claim. He remained until 1865, when he came to Genesee County, Michigan, bringing his family, and remained until the spring of 1868. Then on account of his wife's sickness, he returned to Canada, and in June, 1872, removed to tliis county, settling on bectioii 20, township 27, range 2 west. In the fall of 1874 lie settled on his jiresent farm of forty acres, thirty- two of which he has since cleared. He erected a tine frame house, which wasliurned February y, 1882, and nearly every thing was consumed, witli no insurance. Mr. Harlow was married December 5, 1855, to Miriam Ilubbell, a daughter of J3arce (deceased) and Candace ((Tuernsey) Ilubbell, the former a native of Upper Canada antl the hitter of Counecticnt. Mrs. Harlow's uncle, Nehemiah Ilubbell, is eighty-two years of age, and still lives on the place where he was born, in Hastings County, Upper Canada, and is very wealthy. Mr. and Mrs. Harlow have had seven children, three of whom are now living: William W., George F. and Miriam E. William married Louisa Hocks, lives in this township, and has one child, Dimple May. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harlow are members of the Baptist Church, the for- mer having united with tliat church over twenty-live years ago, and the latter when seventeen years old. Socially Mr. Harlow is a member of the I. O. (). F. fraternity, and ])olitically is a Republican. ." ^ . . 3m; ..4.. P^ENRY IIUNTZICKER, a farmer and stock-raiser of Eaton Township, (Jlark County, was born in Alsace, France, November 8, 1833, the son of Frederick (deceased), a native of the same province. Emigrating to the United States in 1853, he was first employed in woolen factories ;it Wolcottville, Connecticut, and Plymouth, same State, until 1856, when he came to this county. The first year here he was employed by a man named Conrad in clearing a tract of land in Weston Township; and he also worked several winters in the pineries. He settled upon liis present farm of 280 acres in 1862; it was then all in heavy timber; 100 acres is now cleared. A portion of his live- stock consists of Cotswold slieei) and craded short-horn cattle. His brother George, of Neillsville, settled near him at the same time, and two years later his brother Jacol), who died June 7, 1888. December 18, 1864, is the date of Mr. Iluntzicker's marriage to Mary E. Waten- phnll, a daughter of Philip Watenpliull, deceased; she was born in Prussia, January 29, 1840. The children are John Henry, born January 1, 1867; Jacob William, No- vember 6, 1871; Albion C, May 3, 1874; Clara M., July 3, 1870, and Robert C, May 23, 1881. One son, Elmer F., was scalded to death when three years old by falling in a pail of hot water. John H. married Miss Maria, daughter of John Nicliol, of Eaton Township, and lives with his father, the sub- ject of this sketch, carrying on a cheese fac- tory. Frederick Iluntzicker, the father, had seven children, four of whom are living. John is living on Long Island, New York, and Frederick is living in Alsace. Mrs. Iluntzicker's parents had twelve children, six of each sex; eight are living: besides Mrs. Iluntzicker, there are William, Adam, Henry, Philip, Katie, Anna and Julia. Their father died in Jackson County, Wisconsin, in December, 1883, where he had settled in 1867. The parents emigrated from Prus- sia to Washington County, Wisconsin, in 1846, when Mrs. Iluntzicker was six mouths old, and they settled in the woods ab.tut thirty miles from Milwaukee, in which 362 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF town they did their marketing. Mr. Waten- phull took his produce to that place in an ox wagon, requiring three days each way to make the journey. The subject of this sketch has been a mem- ber of the Townsiiip Board, and Chairman of of the same at two different times; was Town- ship Treasurer six years; and member of the School Board for sixteen or eighteen years. In politics he is independent. He and his wife are Lutherans in religious faith, but they attend the Presbyterian Church, as there is no Lutheran Church near. :iLLIAM HUNTLEY, of section 31, town 25, range 2, Weston Town- ship, Clark County, was born in Washington County, Wisconsin, March 25, 1848, the son of William Huntley (deceased), a native of Scotland, who came to Buffalo, New York, as early as 1841, and thence to Milwaukee in 1843. He was a shoemaker, and worked at his trade in this city for sev- eral years, or until his death, which occurred in .August, 1853. Onr subject's mother, whose maiden name was Mary Burks, was a native of Shefheld, England, and now lives on the old homestead near our subject, on section 29, this township. They were the parents of five children: Annie, Richard, William, John and Thomas. Annie and John live in Neilisville, Richard in Chippewa Falls and Thomas in La Crosse. William served in the late war in Company G, Fifty-first Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, remaining three months; and Richard was also in the war, in Battery D, First Wisconsin Heavy Artillery, serving three years. Our subject came to tliis county in the fall of 18B7 and worked in the pineries; returned to Milwaukee in the spring of 1863; and the same spring came again to this county, set- tling on his present farm, which was then covered with heavy timber. He built a log house in which he lived until 1884, when he erected his present tine frame, 18x26 feet, two stories high, with an L 18x26, one and a half stories, at a cost of $1,000. He owns 100 acres of land here, sixty acres of which is cleared, and altogether has about 18,000 acres in this county. Mr. Huntley was married ' April 9, 1873, to Mary V. Newcomb, a daughter of Martin Newcomb, deceased; she came to this county in 1872. They have seven children, viz.: Elva R., John VV., Ellen R., William, Charles and Grover C. Elva is now attending the high school at Neilisville. Mr. Huntley has followed surveying for several years. He is now a candidate on the Democratic ticket for County Surveyor. ^ENRY La BOSSIER, a general mer- chant of Dorchester, was born in Frank- lin County, Vermont, December 14, 1851, the son of John and Idell (Martell) La Bossier, both natives of France. The father came to Canada when quite small, and after- ward settled in Central Fall, Rhode Island, wheie he still resides. They were the parents of twelve children, nine of whom still sur- vive, viz.: Joseph, Henry, Peter, Ealtirese, Ililliard, Melvina, Mary, Lawrence and Louis. The subject of this sketch removed with his parents to St. Mary, Canada, in 1854, where he was reared on a farm, and educated in the French language. In November, 1868, he came to Janesville, Wisconsin, and worked as a farm hand until 1875, when he removed to Fond du Lac County, this State, and en- gaged in the boot and shoe business with J. Boulais. In April, 1876, they came to Dor- CLARK AND JACKSON C0UNTJE8. 8G3 Chester, wliere they enjraged in their fortner business, and hiter in general merchandising and lugging. In 1882 Mr. La Bossier bought iiis partner's interest, and lias since continued alone. lie carries a capital stock of $10,(KH), his annual sales being from $20,000 to $24,000. He is also engaged in buying, pressing and shipping hay. Mr. La Bossier, was Postmaster here nearly four years, under Cleveland, but never seeks other public office. He was married February 18, 1878, to Ida, daughter of Isaiah Roy, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. They have four children: Josephine, Melvina, Wilford and Eveline. Religiously Mr. La Bossier is a nienaber of the Catholic Church, and politically a Demo- crat. ■' g ' 3 . ■ ; -!;'- fRED A. LEE, Neillsville, Wisconsin, was born in Yorkshire, England, in September, 1828, and came to America with his fatlier. There were eight children in the family, four of whom located in Wau- kesha County, Wisconsin. The father bought a tract of land there, which he cleared up and developed into a tine farm. At the early age of fifteen Fred began to sujiport himself, working out by the month and receiving small wages. His education was obtained in the common schools of AVaukesha County. He learned the cigar trade in Milwaukee and was engaged in the maiiutacture of cigars eight years. Mr. Lee married a Wisconsin lady, Lizzie Kotchson. Eight children have been born to them, seven of whom are living, all hav- ing received a good education. The subject of our sketch located in Clark County in 1868, having little or no means when he came here. For twelve years he clerked for J. J. C. Thompson & Co. Since July, 1881, he has been agent for the American E.xpress Company. Mr. Lee has starved the public as J ustice of the Peace two years. Town Clerk six years and City Treasurer two terms. He affiliates with the Democratic party, and is regarged as one of the honorable and up- right citizens of Neillsville. His wife is a member of the Episcopal Church.. -^ "I ' l i' l - l '-^ fOHN MARX was born in Germany, August 15, 1846, and left his native land when a boy sixteen years old. He came to Canada, and a few years later, in 1879, located in Washington County, AVisconsin, where he engaged in farming. His time has since been variously employed — farming, lumbering, burning brick, etc.; and by his own exertions he accumulated enough to buy a nice little farm of forty acres. It is lo- cated three miles from Neillsville, on section 3, Pine Valley Township, Clark County. March 13, 1865, Mr. Mar.x married Addie Allings, who was born in Wisconsin, Septem- l)er 6, 1850, the daughter of German parents. Mr. Marx is at present building a neat resi- dence on his farm, which he expects to oc- cupy soon. Ho is ranked among the best citizens of the township. Politically he is a Democrat. fOlIN McGROGAN, a livery, transfer, dray and mail carrier of Tiiorp, was born in Guclph, Ontario, November 5, 1848, the son of James McGrogan, a native of County Antrim, Ireland, who came to Connecticut as early as 1845. He was a farmer by occupation. (3ur subject's mother, iiee Jane Gibbs, was a native of County Ty- rone, Ireland. They were the parents ot six 8GJ BIOORAPaiCAL IIIsrORY OF children, four of whuin still survive: John, Felix, Eliza and James. Our suhject catne to Wrightstown, Wis- consin, in the fall of 1871, and thence to Dorchester, this county, in 1874. While in the latter place he worked in the pineries, and also took contracts for cutting wood for the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company, lu 1879 he went to Connecticut, hut the next year returned to this county, locating in Abbotsford, where he remained one year. When he reached that place he did not have enough money to pay for his dinner, but succeeded in borrowing some money. He next went to Stanley, Chippewa County, and in October, 1881, came to Thorp. The place then had but one-half of a mile of turnpike road, and there were but six or seven build- ings in the city. He first began draying with a yoke of oxen, which he afterward traded for a team of horses, and he now owns seven horses, live carriages, two double bug- gies, six cutters and a dray wagon. He owns a livery stable and a tine residence. Mr. McGrrogan was married May 12, 1878, to Margaret Finnegan, daughter of Michael Finnegan, now deceased. They have had six children, live of whom are still living, viz.: William, Martha A., Olive M., Martha and Margaret. One daughter, Agnes A., died in infancy. The mother died January 22, 1885, and Mr. McGrogan was married July 8, same year, to Hannora Sullivan, dancrliter of Frank Sullivan, late of Erown County, Wisconsin. ►>»^ iRADBUKY C. WILTIMORE, of the tirm of Wiltimore Rros., general mer- chants of Dorchester, was born in Can- ada East, December 21, 1852, the son of Daniel and Catharine (Jaques) Wiltimore, the former a native of Derry, New Hamp- shire, and the latter of St. Lawrence County, New York. The father went to Canada when a young man, and in 1855, with his family, emigrated to Waushara County, Wis- consin, settling on Indian lands. The red men were numerous at that time, but never gave the family any trouble. Mr. and Mrs. Wiltimore had ten children, viz.: Elmina, Daniel O., Lucy, Alice, James A., Augustus, Eliza, John A., Bradbury and Arthur. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and educated in the villages of Plain- field and Lodi, New York, and graduated in 1872 at the Commercial College. He then entered the establishment of S. O. Root, of Lodi, as book-keeper in his wholesale hard- ware store, remaining until 1877. In that year he came to Dorchester, and in 1873 en- gaged in his present business, in company with John A., and they carry a capital stock of $6,000, doing an annual business of $18,- 000, which has constantly increased. Mr. Wiltimore was Postmaster here from 1880 to 1886, and was Town Chairman In 1881- '82. Politically he is a Republican. PSKB^ILLIAM H. MARDEN, "the hunter,'' residing on section 2, Wes- ton Township, Clark County, was born in Upper Canada, fifty miles from Quebec, March 12,1845. His father, Joseph A. Marden, was a native of Massachusetts, who came West with his family in 1854, settling in Richland County, where he now lives. His mother, whose name before mar- riage was Lucy Annis, was also a native of Massachusetts. Of their thirteen children, eleven are still living, namely: Clifton S., Riley, Joseph A., Mary E., Alfred C, Will- CLARK AND JACKSON COl'NT/KS. 363 iam H. (subject), Lorenzo D., Edwin J., llat- tie, AlUei-to L. and Solomon S. Mr. Marden, tlie jiresent snhject, was brought up on a farm and while a youth learned the blacksmith's trade, following it twelve years. In the late war he served one year in Company K, Second Wisconsin Vol- unteer Infantry; was taken prisoner at the battle of Bull Run, and held ten month.s, when he was paroled, e.xchanged and dis- charged; but he re-enlisted October 1, 1863, in Company A, Thirtieth Wisconsin Volun- teer Infantry, and served until September 20, 1865, when he was honorably disciiarged in Louisville, Kentucky. He was in the battles of Nashville, Shiloh, Baton Rouge, with the Indians elsewhere, etc. In the fall of 1865 he came to Richland County, this State, but traveled most of the time for a year. November 18, 1866, he married Charlotte Williams, daughter of Ceorge D. and Dorcas (Riser) Williams, of Richland. She was born in Marion County, Ohio, September 8, 1846. Her parents had nine children: Olive, Edward, Nancy, Char- lotte, I'olly, W. Jacktion and Caroline. One son, John, died a prisoner at Andersonville during the late war. Mr. and Mrs. Marden have had eleven children, ten of whom are living, namely: George H., Mary J., William W., Seymour L., Charles H., Ivy T., Steven A., James I., Cora E. and Benjamin. Mr. Marden resided in Richland County from the time of his settlement there until he located at his present place in the spring of 1877, exce])ting three years he spent in (Jhio. He settled upon his present farm in the dense forest, entering a claim to 45.8'4 acres under the homestead laws, which he still owns. In his ])olitical views he is a Re- publican. His sobriquet of "the hunter" is well earned, and he has killed 50 deer since his settlement here, and about the same number of bears, the latter of which he catches in traps. He has also killed eleven fo.xes and twenty- seven wild cats. He killed one deer that dressed over 300 pounds. At present he has a barrel of venison salted down from deer which he killed last fall. The preceding autumn he secured one bear and eleven deer, and in 1888 three bear and nine deer. Oc- tober 15, 1890, he killed a deer that weighed 200 pounds dressed. Once he killed a lynx that weighed 100 pounds. RIEL SPENCER BROWN, one of the old and respected citizens of Jackson ^^ County, was born Feliruary 5, 1820, a son of Ariel D. and Betsey (Ward) Brown. His father was a native of New York, and his mother of Vermont. Paternal grand- father John Brown was an old soldier of the Revolutionary war, having enlisted when a boy sixteen years of age. Jonathan Wanl served in the war of 1812, his commanding to officer being General Brown. Ariel is of English descent, born in New York, and when a boy his parents moved to Ohio, in which State he was brought up. His father was one of the old pioneers of Ashtabula County, Ohio. In 1848 he married Miss Sarah Ann Noble. In 1856 he, in company with his faithful wife, came to Wisconsin, buying a farm of 160 acres on sections 6 and 7, towufhip 22, Jackson County. He bc^an cultivating and improving his farm, which he still owns, and it is now one of the bc^st farms in the county. The country here whcui he first came was thinly settled. Black River Falls was a mere hamlet. The Shamrhai House was the only hotel, iuid Mr. Brown sold liutter, eggs, etc., to the laudlonl of that then noted hostelry. 366 BIOORAPUWAL HISTORY OF The union of Mr. and Mrs. Brown was blessed with four children. The oldest daughter, Marian, is the wife of Edward Noble, in Sauk County; the next, Sarah Ann, is married to George Bennett, of Barron County, this State; tlie third and youngest daughter, Maria, died in 1891. The only son, Ariel D., lives with his father. Mr. Brown and his noble wife can truly be called pioneers of Jackson County. For forty-two years tliey walked hand in hand down the pathway of life, each being a joy and com- fort to the other; but she grew weary, and on February 22, 1890, rested by the wayside and left him to journey alone. This devoted wife and loving mother was a metnber of tlie Methodist Church, and died as she had lived, a true and faithful follower of the Lamb, her last words being, "Jesus is most precious." Mr. Brown and all his children are mem- bers of the Methodist Church, and the chil- dren are following closely in the footsteps of their Christian parents. Mr. Brown has passed the seventieth mile-post of life, and awaits tiie Master's call to join his faithful wife in tlie beautiful home beyond the pearly gates. sLBERT PRIBBERNOW, of section 1, Green Grove Township, Clark County, was l)orn in Pommern (Pomerania), Prussia, March 3, 1855, the son of J. Freder- ick and Sophia (Wussow) Pribbernow. The parents came to the United States in 1871, settling first in Dodge County, Wisconsin, in Hermann Township; in 1873 tliey removed to Toledo, Ohio, and in 1876 to this county, where they now reside, in Green Grove Town- ship. They had nine children, five of whom are now living, viz.: VVilhelniina, Augusta, Caroline, Louise and Albert. Two daughters. Ulricke and Ernstine, died after reaching maturity; both were married and left fami- lies. Another daughter, Emily, died at the age of seventeen years, and another died in infancy. Albert, their only son, came to the United States in 1872, coming direct to Hermann Township, Dodge County, where he worked as a farm hand until 1876, and then came to this county. He was first employed on the Spaulding farm in South Fork during the summers, in the pineries during the winters, and driving logs in the spring. In 1880 he settled on his present farm of 160 acres, sixty-two of which is cleared. He was mar- ried July 8, 1880, to Caroline Schuman, a daughter of Fred Schuman, deceased. They have had live children, four now living: August, Arthur, Lena and Adelia. Mr. Pribbernow was Assessor three years of Colby Township, then including Green Grove; Town Clerk one year; School Clerk three years, and Justice of the Peace two years. Religiously he is a member of the Lutheian Church, and politically a Democrat. 'i^ * 3 i ' ! * (j) '" ' ■ ' fOHN K. PRAY , book-keeper and general manager for the D. J. Spalding Lumber &c Mill Company, is one of the most energetic and progressive young business men it has been our pleasure to meet, and we cheerfully record the following brief sketcii of his life. He was born in Black River Falls, Jackson County, Wisconsin, March 20, 1860, and is a son of Herman H. and Anna J. (King) Pray, natives of Michigan and New Jersey respectively. They were early settlers in Jackson County, and iiave en- countered and passed through all the trials and discomforts of pioneer life. They were united in marriage at Black River Falls, CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. no? Wisconsin. Four children were born to tliem, the second being John K. He was reared in his native place, where he received a practical education that has well fitted him for the duties devolving upon hitu in his present re- sponsible position. In the year 1888, in the month of April, Mr. Pray was called to the situation which he has since so ably filled. He has entire charge of the books of this large lumber firm, and acts as general manager. It is a line of work requiring good business ability and sound judgment, both of which he possesses to more than an ordinary degree; he has given perfect satisfaction to his emploj'ers, and they are to lie congratulated upon securing the services of so capalile a person. Politically our subject affiliates with the Democratic party. Mr. Pray was joined in wedlock September 9, 1885, to Miss Cora M. Mortiboy, of Hixton, Jackson County, Wis- consin. Mrs. Pratt was born in Sechlerville, Wisconsin, September 1, 1864, and is a daughter of Edward and Katie (Voose) Mor- tiboy. One child liasljeen born of this union: Hazel 11. ►^.H fOlIN (). SMITH, foreman and chief en- gineer of the saw and planing mills of the Sterling Luinl)er Company, Sterling, Clark County, was born in New Brunswick, January 4, 1857, the son of William and Eliza- beth (Armstrong) Smith, l)Oth also natives of New Brunswick. They had three children: James C, Henry D. and John O. The lat- ter was reared to farm life, and received his education in the comtnon schools of his na- tive country. He served an ap[>renticesliip of four years at the l^lacksmitii's trade in Fredericton, New Hrunswick, and in 1876 removeil to Kingman. Maine, where he again served an apprenticeship of two years in the machine shops. He ne.xt worked in Ilolton, same State, for F. Sharp Bros, until 1880, when he came to Eau Claire County, AViscon- sin, and worked at the blacksmith and mill- wright's trade for the Northwestern Lumber Company, and was also second engineer for the same company at Wheaton three years. He came to Sterling in the spring of 1886, and commenced work for the Eau Claire Lum- ber Company as engineer, and when the busi- ness was purchased by the Sterling Company, he was continued by them, and now has gen- eral control of the engines and machinery in both the saw and planing mills. Mr. Smith was married in Maine, April 6, 1877, to Rachel Carr, a daughter of W. H. Carr, deceased. They have four children: Maggie E., Grant W., Jimme E. and Roy. — *|->^f-|— f[()SEPII R. STERLING, of the Sterling I Lumber Company, Sterling, Clark Coun- ty, was born in Somerset County, Maine, April 7, 1846, the son of C. I., a native of vVn- son, Maine, Init now also a resident of this place. Our subject's mother was also a native of the same place. They were the parents of seven children, six of whomstillsurvive: Julia, Jdhn, Philena, Joseph, Caroline and Aurilla. The parents came to Black River Falls, Wis- consin, in 1853, when the Indians wei'e nu- merous, and where the father engaged in lumbering. Josej)h R., our subject, was educated in Black River Falls, and has been engaged in lumber most of his life. He served in tlie late war, in Company K, Tenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, remaining four years, and was in many hard-fouglit battles. He caine to this county in 1860, where he worked for AV T. Price in the ])incries two years, and 368 nWOIlAPirWAL IIISTORT OF was engaged in driviuor logs in tlie siiimners. He began first in a humble situation, and rose to the position of superintendent and general manager, and is now a member of one of the largest lumber companies here. The firm owns about 5,000 acres of pine and hard- wood land in Clark County, and do an immense business, employing 100 men in their mills alone, besides running three camps which employ 100 men also. The mills run day and night, and they ship in nearly every di- rection. Mr. Sterling was married April 30, 1871, to Angle Fessenaber, daughter of Henry J. Fessenaber, of Sterling. They have two chil- dren: Gertrude, born April 30, 1874, and Everard F., October 8, 1877. Mrs. Sterling is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; and politically Mr. Sterling is a Re- publican. The Sterling Company's saw-mill was erected in 1882, by the Eau Claire Lumber Company, and was transferred to the Sterling Company in 1888. The main building is 150 x 32 feet, and two stories in height. They use the hand-saw and band re-saw, driven by the Phfenix engine, which is a 175-horse power, supplied by a battery of three Kinney Eros, boilers, 32 x 44 inches each, besides a pump boiler. The capacity of the mill is 60,000 feet in ten hours. The mill and yards are supplied by electric lights, generated by a dynamo in the mill. The engine and boiler room is 24 x 50 feet, and the electric licrht room is 16 x 20 feet. The logs are brouo-ht from their camps and those in the neighbor- hood camps in winter, and during the summer of 1890 they ran the mill night and day. Their planing mill was erected in 1886, and is a large frame, tiie main building being 120x50 feet, with engine and boiler room 18 X 36 feet. They use the Fisher & Mallory 26- inch double surfaccr, the Willoughby, Rugg & Richardson fourteen -ineli flooring- mill, and also have self-feed rip-saws and other machinery, driven by a sixty-horse- power Stevens' Roint engine, supplied with steam from an 18x4 feet boiler. EORGE B. PARKHILL, an attorney, Notary Public and Pension Notary of Thorp, was born in Lennox, Madison County, New York, February 26, 1861, the son of Eli Parkhill, a native of the same place. He emigrated to Marquette County, Wisconsin, in 1867, settling on a farm, and in the spring of 1874 removed to Marathon County, where he died November 18, 1888. He was a carpenter by trade, and also held various offices in the latter county. He was a soldier in the late war, in Company L Fif- teenth New York Infantry. Our subject's mother, Susan A. Niles, was a native of Gal- away, Saratoga County, New Y^ork. Mr. and Mrs. Parkhill had nine children, of whom seven are still living, namely: William L., Niles S., Reuben E., Hiram J., George B., Jesse F. and Fred. A. Their two daughters died in infancy. Tiie subject of this sketch attended the common schools until fifte^ years of age, when he began teaching. He secured a teacher's certificate when fourteen years oloks for the estate of Joiiali Richards two luoiulis; next returned to the college, where he taught school and also read law. In the fall of 1883 he entered the law de- partment of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, graduating at that institution Jutie 18, 1884. Mr. Parkhill then opened an of- fice in Thorp, June 25, satre year, and has liuilt up a <^ood practice in its various de- partments. He was Justice of the Peace a number of years, and is now assistant Post- master. He is a inemher of the Modern AVoodmen, and of the sons of Veterans. He was married November 15, 1887, to Belle M. Salisbury, and they have one child, Oakley L., born July 22, 1890. EORGE WILLIAMS, a prominent farmer of Clark County, was born in Ontario County, New York, in Decem- ber, 1826, one of a family of ten children, only four of whom grew up, — one daughter and three sons. The family came from Wales many years ago, in three brandies, one of which settled in New Jersey, one in Massachusetts and one in New York State. Our suljject is of the Massachusettp branch, although born in New York State. His father was a representative man, of sterling worth and crood education for the times in which he lived. From youth to the age of forty years he was a teacher; and he was seventy years of age wlien with his wife he accompanied his three sons to this State, settling in this county. Here ho lived to the remarkable age of 100 .years, one montli and fourteen days. His wife survived iiim three or four years, and died at the age of seventy- nine years. The Williams family came to Clark County in June, 1855, and, e.Kcepting the families of Thomas Wage, Sr., and Levi as Marsh, were the first settlers within a radius of eight miles. To reach this point they had to make a journey of seventy miles, from Sparta, with their own team, through an un- broken region. Durinf the first several years of their residence here, especially the third and fourth years, they had to endure many hardships. Their present comfortable home is a magical contrast to the desolate, dreary and monotonous wilJiiess of those primitive times. Mr. Williams' two brothers, Isaac and Eia, have married and settled, the former in Wood County, just over the line from Clark, and the latter within the same section as that upon which he himself lives. Mr. Williams married Mary Morse, who was of a family from Lewis County, New York, and they have had nine children, six of whom are living, namely: Anna, Amelia, Willis, Jane, Salina ami Henry. The four daughters are married and two are settled in Clark County, one in Wood County and the other in the State of Washington. The two sons, yet unmarried, remain upon the home- stead with their parents, content to remain with, and lighten the cai'es and burdens of, jtarents now passing down the decline of life, res])ected by all. ULLEN A YE II, a prosperous farmer residing on section 18, Unity Town- ship, is deserving of mention in this connection, and we gladly allot the followiniT space to a sketch of his life. He was born at Emden, Somerset County, Maine, March 2, 1841, and is a son of Jonas and Leah (Nut- ting) Ayer, natives of the same State and county. The family removed to Iowa Coun- ty, Wisconsin, in 1845, when the country was new and thinly settled, and the j)rivations and hardships of the pioneer wei-e no small 370 BIOORAPHICAL niSTOBT OF consideration. In 1868 they went to La Crosse County, Wisconsin, where the father died in 1874, at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother is still liviiiir, and resides in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, at the ad- vanced age of seventy-seven years. Jonas Ayer was a farmer by occupation, but after emigrating from Maine to Wiscon- sin he worked in the lead mines for several years at Mineral Point. In politics he was a stanch adherent to the princijiles of the Whig party, and in later years voted with the Re- publicans. There were twelve children born to Jonas Ayer and wife: Jane, Ellen, Leah, Sophia, Cullen, Owen, Jonas (1), Jonas, (2) Eliza- beth, Esther, Caroline, and Augusta. Cullen Ayer was the fifth of the family; he was reared at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and there received his education. At the age of seventeen years he began working in the timber on Black River, and has been con- nected with this business ever since, meeting with more than an ordinary degree of suc- cess. As his means have increased he has invested in land until he now owns 840 acres, on sections 7, 17, 18, and 21, Unity Town- ship. It was in 1871 he settled at his pres- ent home on section 18; tiiere he has 170 acres cleared and in a good state of cultiva- tion. It has been no light task to place this land in a condition for the plow and reaper, but energy and determination will overcome almost insurmountable obstacles. Starting in life with no capital, as did our worthy subject, the success which lias crowned his efforts is the more to be commended. Politically Mr. Ayer is identitied with the Republican party. During the late civil war he was in tiie Government emph)y, in the Quartermaster's department. For fourteen years he has been chairman of the Town Board, and for the same length of time has served most efficiently on the County Board. Mr. Ayer was united in marriage August 8, 1864, to Miss Mary J. Lampshire, of Min- eral Point, Wisconsin. Mrs. Ayer was born in England, February 16, 1847, and is a daughter of Henry and Catherine (Ilarrisj Lampshire, also natives of England. They emigrated to America in 1848, and settled at once at Mineral Point, where tiiey resided for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Ayer are the par- ents of eleven children: Edgar, Cullen, Jr., Frank, Jonas, William, Leonard, Mary J., Owen, Belva, Leah C. and Adelia. Frank died in 1881, at the age of eight years. ►>tj- lEOROE WILDING, Sr., one of the early settlers of Wisconsin, was born in Kent County England, March 11, 1816. He left his native land and came to America in 18.50, and the following year located in in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. He is what might be called a self-made man, for when he started out in life lie had no capital save a willing hand and a detortnination to succeed. He rented a farm in Waukesha County and during the thirteen years lie re- mained on it he saved $400. He lias been a resident of Clark County for twenty years, having settled here in 1871. Previous to that time he bought eighty acres of land on section 21, Grant Township, on which he paid taxes a few years before taking po.-ses- sion of it. From a wilderness he cleared and improved the land until it now ranks among the leading farms of Clark Connty. Mr. Wilding used irlasses for over twelve years, but now has his second eye-sight and can see well to read any kind of print. Few men have endured more iiardships in the early history of Wisconsin than he. Hy his industry and economy he has reared a large VLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 371 tatnilyof cliiklren, and is now in independent circumstances. He has been married twice, and lias children by iiotli wives. His present conipanidn has shared with him the vicissi- tudes 'jf life and both are enjoying the com- forts which their savings have provided. Mr. "Wildinir and liis wife have been blessed with unusually good health, neither liaving been sick a day in their lives. Mr. AVildiug favors the pnblic schools and all enterprises that tend to the public good. He is one of tiie worthy and respected citizens of the county. [EORGE WILDING, Jk., of Grant Township, Clark County, was born in England, November 17, 1841, and was brought to this country by liis parents when lie was only four years old; a few years after- ward they located in Clark County in 1867. Young Wilding was not eighteen years old when the great civil war broke out, and he joined Company I, First Wisconsin Cavalry Volunteers, as a private, and participated in the battles of CapeGirardeau (Missouri), Lookout Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Murfreesboro, under General Sherman, Chickamauga, Buz- zard's Roost, Atlanta, Nashville, under Gen- eral Thomas, helped to chase General Lyons out of Kentucky, and his regiment was prob- ably the best that Wisconsin ever sent out. On account of an injury received in service he is drawing now a small pension. He was honorably discharged in 1865, after a service of three years and six months. This year he married Mary Rehorst, and they had three children, all of whom are liv- ing. He purchased forty acres of land three miles east of Neillsville, which he cleared and improved and on which he made his home. In 1872 his wife died, and he was subse- quently married, in Clark Couuty, to Miss Maria Hitchcock, whose death followed fifteen years afterward. For his third wife Mr. Wilding wedded Minnie West, of Grant Township, antl by this marriage there is one daughter, the pride of the family. Mr. Willing is one of the prosperous farmers of Grant Township. His farm is located on section 21, where he is giving special attention to stock-raising, in which he has been very successful of late. He has also had a large experience in the lumber business. All that he possesses is the result of his own honest toil and tcood mana^einent. Politically he is. a Republican. LBERT D. BASS, a manufacturer of aiXA% and dealer in pine and hard-wood lum- ^^^ ber, lath, shingles, pickets, and also in general merchandise, at Mayville. His large mill was erected by himself and Nathan Clark in 1881, and in 1885 Mr. Bass bought his partner's interest. The capacity of the mill is 30,000 feet per day, and cuts from two to three millions each year. Our sub- ject was born in Windham County, Connecti- cut, July 30, 1854, the son of Charles and Waity (Allen) Bass, both natives of Connecti- cut. Albert D., their only child, was edu- cated in the public schools of Hartford, but at the age of fourteen years left school and clerked a short time in a clothing store at Danielsonvilie. He then returned to Hart- ford and worked in a grocery store a few months; next went to Leeds, Massachusetts, where he kept books for the Northampton Emery Wheel Company until the spring of 1874. In that year he came West, and finally landed at St. Paul, and then went to Hutch- inson, McLeod County, Minnesota. Being short of means he went to work as a farm 372 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF hand, which he continued a sliort time, and tlieii taught school near l)y, in Meeker County. In tlie spring he came to La Crosse, and in June to Longwood, this county, where he worked on the Withee farm until tali. Next he worked in the woods at skidding, continuing for Hixon & Withee until the fall of 1879, when he and Nathan Clark engaged in logginjr, in which they were very successful. Their camps were in the vicinity of Curtis, hut were located per- manently here until 1881. Mr. Bass was married August 10, 1881, to Emma Knecht, daughter of Gabriel Knecht, deceased; she was born in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. Mr. Bass was Chairman of this town one year, and has taken the first degree in Masonry, hut there is no Masonic lod^je here. (RWIN F. BROOKS, lumberman and contractor, and a farmer of section 8, township 24, 1 east, has 140 acres in the homestead farm and 160 acres of timber. He was l)orM in the town of Eaton. Lorain County, Ohio, December 11, 1851, a son of Bartiineus and Elizabeth O. (Smith) Brooks. In his father's family were the following chil- dren: Alonzo E., Alva A., Henry, George AV., Dan H., Erwin F, and Lettie, all of whom are living except Alva and Henry. During the iirst year of the Mebellion Alva entered Company A, Seventh Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, and served two years and ten months, being in many battles, etc., when after a short sickness he died in a hospital at Memphis, Tennessee. George also was in the service near the close of the war, being with Shermati in his march to the sea. Will- iam Henry died at the age of twenty- two years. The Bruol^s family came to Wisconsin in 1858, and first lived a year or moi'e in Sparta, next for a time near La Crosse, and in March, 1860, removed to Clark County. Bartiineus Brooks was born in the town of Dummerston, Windham County, Vermont, November 20, 1786. He had five brothers and two sisters, all natives of that State, and three of the brothers served the American cause in the war of 1812, — Jeliiel, Bartimeus and Dan; and Hiram was in the Mexican war. Of this branch of the Brooks ancestry one came to Ohio and one to Kansas. Mrs. Elizabeth O. Brooks was born November 22, 1809. in Morris County. New Jersey, an» 11.1?.?! It..? c. ,NDREW J. J^ULLARL), a farmer and stock-raiser of section 24, Weston Townsiiip, was horti in Menominee, Michigan, June 6, 1842. His father, San- ford Billiard, deceased, was one of tlie earliest settlers of Milwaukee, a millwright by trade, and was temporarily em])loyed in his trade at Menominee, residing there with his wife when Andrew was born. His mother, whose maiden name was Martha Gasser, was a native ot Switzerland, and brongrlit to Amer- ica when eight years of age. Her father died en shipboard, on their voyage to this countr}', and the children came on and settled in Oliio. Her mother is now residing at Little Falls, Minnesota, nearly eighty years old. Mr. Billiard, our subject, was reared to farm life, and served nearly four years in the late war, in Com|)any D, Twelfth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, engaging in the sieges of Vicksburg, Jackson and Atlanta, and was with Sherman in the grand marcli to the sea. Duriurr the tnost of his time in service he was Corporal. After the war he lived in Washington County, following agricultui-e, until the au- tumn of 1870, when lie moved to Clark County, entering a claim to a tract of heavy timber land under the homestead laws, where he now resides. In the spring of 1871 lie erected a pole shanty, and kept " bach " while he cut the trees off of three acres. The next fall he built a log house, and during the ensuing winter was employed in the j)ineries. The next spring lie liought a farm here. He now is the owner of a q iiarter section of good land, of which eighty-tive acres are cleared. He devotes his attention to general agriculture and the rearing of live-stock. His cattle are Holstein and short- horn. He has been Clerk of the School Board, is now Trustee of his School District, County Super- visor, and is agent and director of the Lynn Insurance Company, which is one of the best in the country, and on account of its low rates is most available for the farmers. In his political principles he is a Republican. ■■ ..I ii g . i ii ; . g fOIIN M. DAILEY, of section 14. Colby Township, was born iu Oneida County, New York, October 29, 1818, the son of Samuel (deceased) and Elizabeth (Meggs) Dailey; the former was a native of Connecti- cut, and the latter of Mohawk Valley, New York. The parents had nine children, three of whom survive: Emily, John and Lebbeus. John was reared to farm life and educated in the public schools of liis native county. lie came to Wisconsin in 1854, and lived one year in Oshkosh, engaged in the saw-mills. In 1855 he went to Fond du Lac and worked at the same occupation until 1862, when he enlisted in the late war, in Company A, Twenty-first Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served nearly three years. lie partici- pated in the Iiattles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, siege of Atlanta, Ben- tonville, and was also with Sherman to the sea. After the war Mr. Dailey returned to Fond du Lac, and worked in the machine shops until 1873, when he caine to this county and settled on his present farm. The place was then covered with timber, witli no roads, and he was obliged to carry every- thing on his back from Colby. There was not a iiouse or clearing from the latter place to Stevens' Point. He homesteaded 160 P.74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF acres, tliirty of which lie cleared, but after- ward solil all but two acres, seventeen of the latter being cleared. Mr. Dailey was married May 23, 1843, to Maria Palmer, and they had four children, two of whom survive — George and Mary. The mother died in 1866, and Mr. Dailey was again married, August 16, 1868, to Mrs. Naomi Thresher, dautrhter of Abel Bradway, deceased. Pi-evious to this union she had been twice married, first to Leander Z. Cha- pin, by whom she had seven children, six now living, viz.: Leander, Uavid, William, Lovisa, Austin and Caroline. She was mar- ried a second time, to Joseph Thresher, by whom she had six children: Mary, Henry, Alvira, Albert, James and Charles. Mr. Dailey has been a member of the Town Board two terms, and chairman of the same one term. Socially he is a member of the G. A. R., and politically a Republican. ^EORGE GARFIELD was born October ipiWr 5, 1859, son of Moses A. Gartiekl and Wl Anna M., his wife. His father came to Wisconsin in 1866, and located in Clark County, where he bought 120 acres of wild land. By hard work he cleared up and put 100 acres in good farming shape. He was a very industrious man, and also cleared a great deal of land for other people. Ilis death occurred in 1885. Mr. Garfield was fond of reading and made it a point to keep himself posted o)i the general topics of the day, and by all who knew him he was much esteemed for his many noble qualities. Of their six sons and six daughters, four sons and three daughters are living, the subject of this sketch being the eighth born. He re- mained with his pai-ents up to the time of his father's death. August 16, 1881, he was married to Dosty Howard, a native of Brown County, Wisconsin, born in 1862. Two chil- dren have been born to them — Bessy and Frank. Mr. Garfield votes the Republican ticket. His farm, the one formerly occupied by his father, is located on section 17, Pine Valley Township. Mr. Garfield's mother died October 9, 1889, and is buried in the Neillsville cemetery. |HARLES F. JAHN, of section 84, Clark County, was born in Saxony, Germany, June 1, 1851, the son of Gottlieb Jahn, a native of the same country. He brought his family to the United States in 1852, settling in the woods eight miles from Sheboygan, where he cleared a large farm. He remained there many years, but subsequently sold it for $10,500, and is now retired and living in the city. He was the father of eight children: Theresa, Pauline, Edward, Charles, Gustav, Louise, Ida and Johnadohn. Our subject's mother died sev- eral years ago, and the three last named chil- dren are by his second wife. Charles F. was educated in the common and private schools of Sheboygan County. In 1864 the family removed to Rockland, on Lake Superior, in Upper Peninsula, Michi- gan, but the father returned in 1867. In 1869 Mr. Jahn came to De Pere, Wisconsin, where he worked in an iron blast furnace until the fall of 1878, when he came to this county, settling on his present farm. He owns 160 acres of good land, sixty acres of which is cleared. He has worked in the pineries most of the winters since coming to this State. Mr. Jahn was married January 31, 1875, to Louise Korp, a daughter of Edward and Johannah (Horn) Korp, of Maple Grove, Wis- consin. They have had four children, three CLARK AM) JACKSON COUNTIES. 875 of whom are now liviiijr: Emma. William and (Jai'oliiie. ]\[r. Jalm was Assessur uf jiis county four years, aiul was cliairuiaii uf tlie hoard one year. Politically he is a Democrat, and religiously a member of the Lutheran Church. ,Ni)UE\V EMEKSON.— Away over the sea, among tiie pine clad hills of Nor- way, lived Lars Emerson, a brave and iiardy son of the northern clime. He wedded Paulina Johnson, and to thetn were born eleven children: Emory, John, Henry, Emma, Andrew, Nettie, Julia, Bender, Matthias, Eliza and Julia Tlie father was proprietor of different mills, both saw and ^rist mills, and was very successful in his business. In 1854 he emisjrated to America, and settled on a farm in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, where he passed the remainder of his days; the mother is still living, and makes her home in Dakota with a son. The parents were both uprii^ht ;ind consistent members of the Lu tlioran ('hurch. Andrew Emerson, son of Lars and Paulina (Jolmson) Emerson, was born in Norway, June 24, 1844, and was a lad of ten years when his parents came to America; he was trained tu the occupation of a farmer, and worked with his father until the latter's death; he then bought the old homestead in La Cro-se County, Wisconsin, which he still owns. When (j[uite a yountj; man he en- gaueJ in one of the leading industries of Wisconsin, lop;ginp;, and has been connected with the business ever since that time; for the past twenty years he has managed a lum- ber camp in the pineries, and is now asso- ciated with the La Crosse Luml)er Com[)aiiy. In 1875 Mr. Emerson purchased 320 acres (tf choice farming laud in Loyal Township, and eighty acres in Heaver Township; from time to time he has added to this investment until he now owns 2,000 acres, all of which is clear of debt. His improvements are of modern style and substantial character, and are not surpassed in the county; he has erected large and convenient barns for storing the products of his broad acres, and has built a residence that is a home in every sense of the word. Politically our subject is identified with the Republican party. He has been called to represent the people of his township and county in various ottices, and has always dis- charged his duties with that integrity and loyalty which are characteristics of the man. In reviewing the accomplishments of Mr. Emerson, from the time he set foot upon our shores in helpless childhood, to the present, when he is surrounded with all that makes life desirable in the way of means, home, and friends, we are filled with admiration and deep respect for the energy, perseverance and wisdom that have brought about so liap])y a consumm.ition. In 1873, October 13, Mr. Emerson was united in the holy bonds of marriage to Miss Helen Johnson, a native of Norway, born October 10, 1850. They are now the parents of live children: Julia, Lawrence, John, Frank and Elsie. fOlIN SCHWAMB, of section 11, Wes- ton Township, Clark County, was born in Washington County, Wisconsin, Oc- tober 10, 1861, the son of Jacob Schwamb, deceased, and a cabinet-maker by trade. Our subject was reared in Cedar Creek, a smal village in his native county, and worked on a farm. He came with his parents to this county in October, 1877, settling on section 370 nWGUAPUICAL niSTURY OF 12, across the road from his present home. The place was then a dense woods, and all had to work hard to clear a place to raise crops. Mr. Schwamb now owns forty acres of land, sixteen of whicli is cleared, where he is engaged in general farming and stock- raising. He was married April 5, 1884, to Mary J. Blanchard, a daughter of Freeman S. and Hannah (Iveyser) Blanchard, of Minnehaha County, South Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Schwamb have two children: Arthur and Lulu, born March 29, 1885, and June 14, 1890, respectively. Mr. Schwamb is a Re- publican politically, and is an enterprising young man, interested in his country's wel- fare. For further account of his parents see biography of Jacob Schwamb. fAMES SHORT.— This gentleman, who is one of the successful farmers of Clark County, resides on a farm of 120 acres, wliich is located on section 18, AVashburn Township. He took this as a homestead claim in 1869, and by the expenditure of much labor he cleared up thirty acres which were at that time a wilderness. He also cleared about eighty acres for other parties. Mr. Short was born in Madrid, New York, July 17, 1830. About forty years ago his parents came to Wisconsin and settled in Jefferson County, becoming early pioneers of that district. Ilis father still resides there. Of the eleven children his parents reared all are living except two. James received his education in Jelferson County, and remained with his parents until he was twenty. He then began to work out by the month. The first six niontlis he received a three-year-old heifer, one pig and three dollars in money. He continued to work !)y the month until the war broke out, when he with three of his brothers entered the army, enlisting in Com- pany D, Tweuty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry, Captain Bryant. He participated in the bat- tles of Grand Gulf, Champion Hill, Vicks- burg, Sabine Cross Roads, and remained in the Gulf Department until the war closed. At Sabine Cross Roads Mr. Short was cap- tured, but made his escape and traveled five miles in the niajht to get back to Union ranks. He was in active service until 1866, \\4ieii he was honorably discharged. At one time while drawing a ball from his gun he acci- dentally shot off two of his fingers. The war over he returned to his home in Jefferson County. Mr. Short has been twice married. His first wife, nee Mary Elliott, of Jefferson County, Wisconsin, whom he wedded August 3, 1860, died during the war, in 1864 She bore him one child, that is also deceased. December 4, 1871, Mr. Short was married, in Clark County, to Martha Shopp. They are the parents of three children. The sub- ject of our sketch affiliates with the Republi- can party and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He has served as School Treasurer five years and as a member of the Town Board one year. tARS W. LARSON, the present Post- master and grocer of Greenwood, was born near Christiania, Norway, August 1, 1853, the son of Lars Larson, a native of the same place. He brought his family to the United States in 1860, settling in Black River Falls, but afterward removed to Spring- field Township, Jackson County, eleven miles west of his tormer location. Our subject's mother died when he was nine years old, after which the father gave up housekeeping, CL^UiK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 377 and the children were placed ainong the neighbors until large enouout eighty acres. He now owns eighty acres where he lives, besides 240 acres of timber land on sections 24 and 25 in the town- ship of Loyal. He started out in life with only what money he received when dis- charged from the army. lie has given all his time to farminjr until within the last three years, which he has devoted more to the ministry. He joined the Seventh- l^ay Adventist Church in 1874, and in 1887 was licensed to preach. He has held almost all the otHces of his townshij); he is a llc^pub- lican. .lanuary 4, 1863, is the ilate of bis mar- riatre to Augusta M. Miles, of Dane (lountv, who was burn in Erie County, IV-niisylvaiiia, 380 BIOGRAPHICAL UiaTOHY OF March 16, 1843, a daughter of Samuel J. and Sarah (Burch) Miles, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and New York. They came to Dane County and settled on a farm near Madison, where they still live, each aged sixty-eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Smith iiave had two children: Harriet A., now the wife of Eobert A. Brasier, a farmer in Loyal Township; and Allen J., who died when an infant. I^AVID EBENEZER METCALFE, a farmer of section 12, township 24, rano-e 24, was born in the Province of Ontario, Canada, August 16, 1848, the eldest of a family of four sons and two daughters. His father, Henry Metcalfe, was a native of Yorkshire, England, of English ancestry, and his grandfatlier was one of seven brothers, all of whom have had interesting careers. One l)ranch of the family came to Canada, one went to India and one settled in Cuba. Ill the Canadian brancli the second son is a iiliysieian in Thurso, Ontario, the third is a merchant at Smith's Falls in that dominion, and the fourth occnpies the old homestead in Canada, with the mother. Mr. Metcalfe, whose name introduces this sketch, came from the East to Wisconsin in the fall of 1867, but did not settle at liis present home until 1874, in the meantime being in and out of the county at intervals. From that date his interests have been in the farm, where he has done a great work in l)ringiiig it up to its present state of per- fection. Meanwhile lie has also taken an active interest in town and county affairs, as a member of the County Board and as Town Treasurer. He married Miss Lillian Kipp, who was born November 28, 1857, a daughter of Zaecheus Palmer Kipp, of Ceiitralia, Wis- consin. The Kipp family trace tlieir ances- try back to England, and likewise do Mrs. Metcalfe's mother's ancestry, the Newcoinbes. TEPHEN WELCH was born in Dexter, Michigan, April 28, 1835, son of John and Ann Welch, natives of Ireland. His fatiier lived to the advanced age of eighty years, and his mother was 102 when she died! They came to Wisconsin when Stephen was six years old and made their iiome in Mil- waukee for twelve years. He was the young- est of their six children, four of whom are still living. All are engaged in engineering except one wlio works in the rolling mills of Milwaukee. Mr. Welch received his edu- cation ill Milwaukee and remained with his parents until the fall of 1861, the time of his enlistment in the army. He served as a pri- vate in Company F, Twelfth Wisconsin In- fantry, and participated in the battles of Holly Springs and Vicksburg, Mississippi, and with Sherman to Atlanta. He was a brave and faithful soldier during the entire term of his enlistment, and received an honorable discharge in 1865, after which he returned to his home in Waukesha County, Wiscon- sin. He saved the money he earned while in the army and after he came home he paid off the indebtedness existing on his father's farm. In 1866 Mr. Welch located permanently in Clark County. Here for twelve years he worked in the woods for one man. After remaining single forty years, the subject of our sketch took to himself a wife. Johanna Cushing, the lady of his choice, was born in 1858. This union has been blessed with three children, two of whom are living: Joiin James and Angeline, both attending the district schools. Mr. Welch resides on a CLARK jiND JACKSON COUNTIES. 381 farm on section 15, Grant Township. He is a Kepiiblican and a believer in the Bennett law. — «^,.«l„j„j-.-j;*-."«- — - yl^riARLES BENJAMIN TRAVIS, fur- niture dealer at Ilunibird, Clark County, was born in Chenango County, New York, Febrary 18, 1836, the only child of Benjamin Travis. His father was born in Westchester County, that State, in a family of live sons and two daugiiters, ail of whom were natives of that county. The grand- father Travis was also born in that county, in 1782, of a line of ancestry that cannot be further traced. He served in the war of 1812 and was wounded, but lived to the age of seventy-eight years, after having settletl near Madison, this State. Tlie grandmother's ancestry were English; her maiden name was Mary Ann Thompson. Benjamin Travis arrived in Wisconsin June 1, 1846, driving from Milwaukee to Madison witli a hireii team, tliere being no stage at the time. The family had come all tlie way from Chenango Forks, JS'ew York, i)y canal to Buffalo, and thence to Milwaukee on a steam propeller, the lake voyage re- (juiriiig eighteen days. Mr. Charles B. Travis, our subject, spent a portion of liis time friun 1856 to 187-1 in Jackson and Clark counties, and t-ince that date has l)een a permanent resident of tlie town of Mentor. In 1861 he offered liim- self for eidistinent as a hundred-day man in the army, under the first call for volunteers, and was rejected; afterward he was again re- jected as a cavalryman, and as au infantry- man in the Eighth Wisconsin, but in 1864 he was accepted and was given the position of carpenter. He was sworn into service at St. Louis, Missouri, August 26, and was sent to Nasiiville, Ttimessee. After tlie war was over he returned to the Nortii, and, October 4, 1866, married Josephine H. Niles, of Dane County, Wisconsin, who was born April 21, 1839, the cldestof eleven children, five daughters and si.K sons, natives of Tolland County, Connecticut; seven of these are still livinrr, Imt none in this State excepting Mrs. Travis. This lady taught school most of the time from tlie acre of sixteen years to about seven years ago; lias taught seven years in Clark County, the rest of the time in Dane County and in Mail- isoii. She is now a member of the Board of Education. Mr. Travis is Justice of tin; Peace of the village and Town Clerk; lias been Deputy Sheriff of Clark County, and was Postmaster during Cleveland's adminis- tration. He takes an active interest in pub- lic affairs. l||SCAR F. ROLLINS, a farmer of sec- tion 7, township 25, was liorn Decem- ber 30, 1847, in Aroostook County, Maine, a member of a family of six sons and two daughters, of whom all but one are liv- ing. The parents, John and Josephine M. (Pishioii) Rollins, emigrated from Maine to Michigan in the early '50s, and nine years afterward came to Adams County, Wiscon- sin, and eight years still later to Clark County, with a team in mid-winter, and settled on sec- tion 9, township 25, range 1 east, wliere the mother now resides. The two eldest children were boin in Maine, the next two in Michi- gan, and the remaining four in Wisconsin. Four sons and one daughter live in (!huk County. Ouv, the younge-t son, is still iin- niarried. Or' the earliest progenitors of the family in America but little is known. The father lived to the age of sixty-seven years, was very domestic in his tastes and neighborly. As the name would indicate, the; maternal 882 BIOORAPHWAL EISTOIiT OF line was of French extraction; the word du was formerly a part of the name, as "du Pichion." In her father's family were five daughters and two sons, natives of Maine. Mr. Rollins was married January 6, 1873, to Sarah Jane Heath, and by this union are Eosa May, born July 30, 1876; William Henry, born November 1, 1877; and Frank Leslie, born August 26, 1879. Mrs. Rollins was the youngest child of Jehiel Heath, and was born December 14, 1852. (A sketch of Mr. Heath's family is given elsewhere in this volume.) Mr. Rollins comes of a liardy race, and in his younger days he was an efficient laborer in the logging camps for fifteen years or more. CLARK AND JACKSON COUNTIES. 383 ADDENDUM. W. T. TRICE. From the Congressio7ial Record, giving the proceedings of the House of Representatives for Februarj 9, 1887, we take the following address of United States Senator Spooner, of Wisconsin, giving additional facts and testi- monials regarding the life and character of Hon. W. T. Price: " In the spring of 1845, rich in ambition, energy and the other elements of trne man- liood, hut, like so many thousands who pre- ceded and who followed him from the populous East to the Western land of hope, poor in every other way, Mr. Price turned bis face and steps westward, and landed at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, ill-clad and travel- stained, with only 25 cents in his pocket and an ax, which he well knew how to use, upon his shoulder. In the antumn of the same year he went to Black liiver Falls, Wisconsin, wiiere among the stately waving pines he pitched his tent. From that day on he knew no other home " From the time of his settlement in Wis- consin to his death he was an important fac- tor, both in the public service and in the business life of the region in which he dwelt. In 1849 he was Deputy Sheriff of Crawford County, which then included what is now the county of Jackson. He was a member of the first law firm in tiie latler county, and in 1854 was elected the first Judge of tiiat county. He was a member of the Legislative Assem- bly of the State in 1851-'52; County Treas- urer in 1856-'57; Collector of Internal Reve- nue from 1803 to 1865; Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket in 18G8; member of the State Senate 1857, 1870-'71, and 1878- '81; President of the Senate in 1879; Presi- dent of the Agricultural Society of his county for seven years; the first President of the Tomah & Lake St. Croi.x Railway Company, (afterward the West Wisconsin Railway Com- pany); President of the Jackson County Batik from its organization until 1884; Chaii-man of the Town Board of his town for eight years or more, and President of the village of Black River Falls. He was also elected to the Forth-eighth, Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Con- gresses, receiving at the last election, though helpless through the illness which resulted in his death and unable to take any part in the canvass, over 12,000 majority, — a majority larger than ever befoi'e cast for a Congres- sional candidate in that State. " For a few years prior to the commercial panic of 1857 he was a niemlierof a mercan- tile firm, wjiich went down during the panic; and all tlie accumulations which the toil and energy of years had brought to him were in a day sw-ept away, leaving him, as he used to say, over $15,000 worse off than nothing; luit, undaunted and undisconraged, lie set to work and in a tew years had, single-handed, redeemed, with interest, the part which bore the name of his firm. His business life thenceforward was successful, and he amassed a considerable fortune. " During the forty-one years of his life in Wisconsin, he was e.xtensively engaged in lumbering operations, and came to be oiu^ of the principal loggers in the State, cutting and 384 BIOORAPHICAL HISTORT OF floating to market during the last five years of his life an average of 60,000,000 feet of logs each year. " As lias been seen, he was familiar, almost from the outset of his career in Wisconsin to the day of his death, with public duties of different grades, from the offices of the town and village to that of Member of Congress; and I assert only what goes without saying in my State when I say that he brought to the discharge of every public duty tireless industry, patient and intelligent attention to detail and unusual sagacity. He had a pe- culiarly correct idea of citizenship. To him the government. State and national, was not a, far-away, fanciful thing in which the indi- vidual citizen had no direct interest. He realized tiiat tlie natioTi is only an aggrega- tion of individuals, and that under our sys- tem of government the ultimate success of the whole vitally depends upon the intelli- gence and vitality with which such citizen discharges his duty, and therefore he attended, not as a ward politician or in any sense a political boss, but as a citizen, every primary and every meeting which took cognizance of public affairs. * * * '• There was no neutral tint in this man's character, being in everything aggressive, and a force iu whatever he undertook. He was no laggard in any lelatiun of life. In business there seemed to be no limit to his capacity or endurance. He managed with great sagacity, energy and success many dif- ferent branches at the same time, and on a large scale, any one of which would have overta.\ed an ordinary man. He employed hundreds of men at a time, always paid them good wages, and demanded of them faithful service. He despised a drone, and no man better appreciated manly qualities, under whatever guise; and so in the logging camp, and on the great "log drives" amono; hun- dreds of rough men, he was a master, not by reason of his wealth, or because he was ena- ployer, but by force of his energy and ability, and because he himself had been a wage- worker among woodsmen. He was an e.\- acting employer, but his men loved him, for he was generous and just to them ; and on the wintry day of his l)urial, which brought prominent men in large numbers from the cities throughout the State to his desolate home, there came out from the lumber camps up in the pine woods, red-shirted, kind hearted lumbermen, to take their part, with bowed heads and tear-blinded eyes, in the last sad rites of the grave. " Mr. Price was a restless man, impatient of restraint, intolerant of opposition, recogniz- ing no obstacle as absolutely insurmountable. Intense, progressive, and a radical in every- thing, he rarely hesitated to express his opinion of men and things. He was strong in his friendships, bitter in his hatreds, al- ways outspoken and blunt, sometimes harsh in his judgment of friends, sonaetimes unjust, doubtless, to opponents; but there was in him and in his life so much of generous impulse, of good neighborship, of sympathy for all who suffered, of honest, faithful public ser- vice, and of genuine love of country, that he was popular throughout the State and had troops of partisans and personal friends. •• He was of a nervous temperament, phy- sically vigorous and quick of movement, and of an exceedingly acute mind. With all the details of his great business operations press- ing upon him, he would attend a session of the Legislature, never voting for an unneces- sary adjournment, always at his post master- ing the details of legislation, investigating with scrupulous care all bills proposing to take money from the public treasurj', and contributing his full share, and even more, to the debates of the session. Quick of thought CLARK AND JACKSON COCNTIES. 381 and speecli, he analyzed well, and possessed too, in a rare degree, the power (jf general- ization. Such a man could not fail to be a for- midable and dangerous antagonist in deliate. " I do not remember to have known a more I'apid speaker, eitiier in the halls of legisla- tion or on the stump. lie was phenomenally (juick at repartee, and e.xcelled in vitupera- tive eloquence; but he could he, when fancy moved him, pathetic also; and 1 have heard many times from his lips, as a legislator, speeches eloquent and thrilling in words of denunciation, and also in wurds of tenderness and pathos. jMo man who knew him will gainsay my statement that he was, taken all in all, a brilliant man. " During the years of my acquaintance with him he was a Kepublioan, sturdy and steadfast in the essential principles of the ])arty, hut not always in strict accDnl with its policies. There were times when he differed with the party; and when he differed from it the party always knew it, and upon what ground he differed, lie never concealed his views upon any subject; and though he was thought sometimes to have strayed from the party fold none denied his i-ight to sit in the party councils, for no one doubted his integ- rity. He was a man of great courage, both physical and moral, lie would not tolerate an imposition or insult, and he was absolutely ! fearless of any man any where, and yet he was not immodest or without distrust of himself. | " He was an attractive speaker to almost any audience. When he spoke, men always listened. True, he was not always right: who [ is? He was always earnest, sincere, bright and original. He hated sham, and was al- ways ready to attack it wherever he found it. | He was an iconoclast, having little reverence ■ for tradition. With him no evil acquired immunity from lapse of time, nor did age constitute a safe armor against his lance. 26 "To the national Ooncrress he brouo-lit e\- cellent legislative training, a keen sense of fidelity to public trust, jiculiar ability and a high and reasonable ambition to cNcel. That he has won his way and much iiiiin-cssed himself upon the body of wbich he was a member, eminent associates, oblivious to jiarty lines, warmly testify. He was a sub- stantial factor in Congressional leijislation, not simply for the intelligent labor which he ])erformed in committee, nor for the measures whicli he drafted and the success of whicli he promoted, but also in debate. He comiiellcd attention, challenged investigation, and, whether right or wrong in his premises ami conclusion, made those arciund him thiid<. Nothing escaped him. He was j)itilcss in exposing hypocrisy and denouncing what he deemed extravagance, whether it was in the a]i])ropriation of a niillon dollars to an unwise purpose or a tritling waste of pu!)lic money in a Congressional funeral oi' jnid purpose within the raidcs of his ciwii political party. lie considered the trathc in intoxicating drink an unmitigated curse, and was <.i|)posed to recognizing its legality by license laws or otherwise, lie demanded its obliteration. In the lecturer I'oom. on the stump, in the legislature, in the halls of Con- gress, everywhere, he never failed to denounce it with all the powei' and eloipience and sar- casm whicli he possessed, and he everywhere ])leaded with powerful pathos for all the ^■ood which temperance l.)rings and which drunkenness destroys. He had bittei-ness of heart and speech for those, wliether men or women, who tempted, anywliere (_in the earth, a brother to put the chalice to his lips; but ,he had oven womanly tenderness and pity, and a patience almost more than human, for him who was held in thralldom by the hal)it of drink. To such lie was patient, watchful, helpful. Xo matter how often they stumbled and fell, his hand was t)utstreti-lied to them, and many such an one encouraged, aideil and strengthened by him, was led To build ;i new life on a nuuei.1 life, To make llie tuture fairer tbiui tlie past, Ami make the past apjiear a troubled dream. In tln^ region where he lived and lies buried, many a cliild has l)een and \\ill l)e taught to look upon his pictured face as that of the friend whose sympathy and substantial help led the liu :x)-¥ 1/ V' ,:(l!l,. 'iN,..'l'' •^'XV. ^-TV ; '^ r ? *^«»h l.-'^^^-'--^%^ ^ Ki Z'y*^i%'f'''M ' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS I III 111 Hi nil nil nil 014 754 932 5« '£r i-^ ->-. ^ ^^ mf{j ■i>y- ^*S!a.'-«W-..':sslM