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 MAY 18 1899 
 
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The Lineage of an 
 American Patriot 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 BY 
 
 Howard Duffield, D.D. 
 
 THE MINISTER OK THE 
 
 ** Old First " Presbyterian Church 
 In the City of New York 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Washington Birthday Service 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Sons of the Revolution 
 
 Of the State of New York 
 FEBRUARY NINETEENTH, MDCCCXCIX 
 
 BoNNELL, Silver & Company 
 New York 
 
^0.0 
 
 31190 
 
 Copyrighted 1899 
 by Howard Dufficld 
 
 TWO 
 
 ^^p,f^a Rtc-^voO. 
 
 
 1; 
 
 
KEY-NOTE 
 
 ^ Land that we love ! Thou Future of the JVorld ! 
 Thou refuge of the noble heart oppressed! 
 Oh never he thy shining image hurled 
 From its high place in the adoring breast 
 Of him who worships thee with jealous love! 
 Keep thou thy starry forehead as the dove 
 All white, and to the eternal Dawn inclined! 
 Thou art not for thyself but for mankind, 
 And to despair of thee, were to despair 
 Of man, of man's high destiny, of God ! " 
 
 R. W. Gilder. 
 
The Lineage of an 
 American Patriot 
 
 ''And I found a register of the gene- 
 alogy of tkefn which cayne up at the first, 
 and found written therein, * These are 
 the children of the province that went 
 
 up out of the captivity:" 
 
 Nehemiah vii : 5, 6. 
 
 SONS of the Revolution, and members 
 of kindred societies, I bid you welcome 
 to the "Old First" Church. Its doors swing 
 open of their own accord to such a com- 
 pany of patriots. This is an ancient shrine 
 of American liberty. The watchfire of 
 loyalty was kindled upon its altar before 
 the Revolution, and that flame has never 
 gone out. From its adherents was formed 
 that club, known as ^^Sons of Liberty," 
 which sounded the earliest effective call 
 for a Continental Congress. In its longest 
 pastorate it was served by John Rodgers, 
 who by prayer and sermon, as with 
 the voice of a trumpet, wrought for the 
 
 7 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 independence of the colonies ; the inti- 
 mate companion of that Witherspoon, 
 who turned the scale when the " Declara- 
 tion " hung in an uncertain balance ; the 
 confidential correspondent of Washing- 
 ton ; the chaplain of Heath's Brigade while 
 the fight was on, and of the first Legisla- 
 ture of New York when the Colony be- 
 came a State. Many of its members smelt 
 powder and won honor upon Revolutionary 
 battlefields, like doughty Elder McDougal 
 — who went to the front in the ranks, and 
 returned in the generalship. Its house of 
 worship was a shining mark for the ribald 
 abuse of British soldiery during their 
 occupation of the city ; and their use of 
 it as barracks, as riding school, as stable, 
 left it at the close of the war bearing the 
 scars of a ruinous but honorable deface- 
 ment ; the severity of which bore witness 
 to its fame as a nursery of Americanism. 
 Memories of the patriotic past hover in 
 this atmosphere. These walls are haunted 
 with an illustrious company of those who 
 loved their land better than their life. In 
 their name I bid you thrice welcome to 
 the House of their God. 
 
 Such a reminiscence may serve to re- 
 mind us of the peculiar dignity of this 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 service. It is no empty form. It is no 
 vain-glorious function. In imitation of 
 the patriot of the text, who strove to 
 inaugurate a revival of patriotism, we 
 reverently scrutinize the register of 
 " them who came up at the first,'' and 
 with no mean pride, we boast ourselves 
 " the children of the province that went 
 up out of the captivity." We solemnly 
 remind ourselves that we are the heirs of 
 a splendid past, and must therefore play a 
 worthy part while we are upon the stage. 
 We recall the fact that we stand in a line 
 of noble ancestry, and must hand on to 
 the coming time an untarnished name. 
 We refresh the recollection that we are 
 guardians of a national treasure which our 
 fathers purchased with their blood and 
 which we must therefore cherish as our 
 life. We emphasize the truth that our 
 costliest heritage is neither of gold, nor of 
 land, nor of rank, but of character. We 
 cannot too often contemplate the virtues 
 of those who " came up at the first," nor 
 catalogue too carefully the elements of 
 that power by which they led these prov- 
 inces out of their captivity. We cannot 
 too fondly study *' The Lineage of an 
 American Patriot." 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 I. Those who *' came up at the first," 
 were men of Thought. 
 
 Baron Steuben, Washington's drill- 
 master, wrote to a friend in the Old World: 
 
 "You say to your soldier, ' Do this,' and 
 he doeth it. I am obliged to say to mine, 
 ' This is the reason why you ought to do 
 this/ and then he doeth it." The Revolu- 
 tion was the offspring of reason. It was 
 not the creature of sentiment. It was a 
 swing of the tide and not the spurt of a 
 geyser. The American leaders were no 
 hair-brained enthusiasts, adrift upon a 
 torrent of unreasoning emotion. They 
 had been cradled among the traditions 
 of England's golden age of intellectual 
 power. Their nursery tales were mem- 
 ies of the University life in their 
 motherland. They built school houses 
 before they had barns, and the school 
 houses became "martello towers" in 
 the fight for freedom. They founded 
 colleges in the wilderness clearings — and 
 at Harvard, Yale and Princeton the beacon 
 lights of liberty were kindled. Their 
 manual of citizenship was the New Eng- 
 land Primer, and whatever worth may 
 attach to the Westminster Catechism as a 
 system of theology — it is beyond compare 
 
 lO 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 as a mental whetstone. In their remote 
 and rugged dwellings Truth lent them the 
 inspiration of her queenly presence. Fa- 
 miliar with her, they faced unabashed the 
 tinsel trappings of earthly royalty. They 
 read the signs of the times more accur- 
 ately than those who sat upon thrones. 
 They proved themselves a match for the 
 shrewd diplomatists of Europe. In the 
 clearer air of the hither shore of the At- 
 lantic they distinctly foresaw the gather- 
 ing clouds of conflict, and with unerring 
 insight forecast the march of the storm. 
 They were masters in the art of running 
 a principle back to its roots, and out to its 
 consequences. They could see infinite 
 meanings in a penny stamp. They could 
 cast the horoscope of the world with tea 
 leaves. They cried *' What a glorious 
 morning " when the crack of the flintlocks 
 at Lexington ushered in a long and dire- 
 ful day of darkness and blood. The 
 Revolution is a measure of the brain-force 
 of such men as long-headed Samuel 
 Adams; far-sighted James Otis; brave 
 Warren, who died so eloquently at Bunker 
 Hill; of the courtly and cultured Jeffer- 
 son ;'of fiery Patrick Henry; and of him 
 who sat like Jupiter among the immortals 
 
 II 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 — that child of Solomon — Benjamin Frank- 
 lin whose piercing sagacity and sun-bright 
 intellect beamed through such a benign 
 and guileless countenance. When the 
 thoughts of these men ripened '^ Boston 
 harbor was black with unexpected tea: a 
 Pennsylvania Congress gathered, and De- 
 mocracy announced in rifle volleys, under 
 her star banner, to the tune of Yankee- 
 Doodle-Doo, that she is born, and whirl- 
 wind-like, will envelope the whole world." 
 
 II. Those "who come up at the first'' 
 were Men of Action. 
 
 They were thinkers, but not dreamers. 
 The story of the Revolution is the chroni- 
 cle of a people in action. It is an index 
 of the momentum of the masses when set 
 in motion by the energy of a great idea. 
 The colonists did their own fighting. 
 They hired no Hessians. They unleashed 
 no Indians. They accepted no proxies. 
 Inspired with lofty thoughts they trans- 
 lated their convictions into actions. They 
 argued their principles with the edge 
 of the sword and the point of the bayonet. 
 They counted the cost carefully, and they 
 paid it calmly. They kept cool in the 
 midst of a conflagration which consumed 
 the cherished governmental structures of 
 
 12 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 ages. They set their hands to the plough, 
 and never turned back, but ran their fur- 
 rows deep and true. In deed they showed 
 themselves even more eloquent than in 
 speech. Ease could not tempt them. 
 Hardship could not daunt them. Poverty 
 could not impoverish them. Treachery 
 and brutality could not conquer them. The 
 fierce cold of winter, and the deadlier chill 
 of their country's indifference, they with- 
 stood with an inflexible fortitude. A raw 
 militia was schooled under fire into an 
 army which wrested the laurels of victory 
 from a banner which never before went 
 backward. They wore home-spun as 
 though it was imperial purple. They did 
 grand things without sounding a trumpet 
 before themselves. They achieved the 
 sublime as thoup-h it were the common- 
 place. They wrought heroism with sim- 
 plicity. 
 
 They lent grandeur to geography. They 
 multiplied upon the earth the abiding 
 places of nobility. At Bunker Hill, from 
 behind a rail fence fortress, they looked 
 into the very whites of tyranny's eyes, 
 and met its advance with a blast of death 
 as from the mouth of a volcano. At Con- 
 cord Bridge,they crossed a more portentous 
 
 13 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 Rubicon than that which lay between 
 Caesar and the Eternal City. At Prince- 
 ton, they taught my Lord Cornwallis a 
 lesson which had been omitted from the 
 curriculum of his academic training. At 
 Valley Forge, they stood on guard unmur- 
 muring and unfearing beneath the shadow 
 of death. At Saratoga, they inflicted a 
 hurt upon that vaunted divinity with 
 which a throne is hedged, that all the 
 healing waters of the world can never 
 medicine. At Yorktown — the masters of 
 themselves, as well as the conquerors of 
 the King — they stood sublimely silent in 
 the moment of supreme victory, leaving 
 posterity to cheer them. This constella- 
 tion of names they have made to shine with 
 the starry light of exalted purpose, stead- 
 fast endurance, unmeasured sacrifice, 
 high courage, a love of the right which 
 death could not quench, a devotion to the 
 liberties of humanity which they sealed 
 with the gift of their life. 
 
 III. They who ''came up at the first" 
 were Men of God. 
 
 The impulse to leave England and seek 
 America was not the thirst for adventure 
 nor the love of conquest, but the longing 
 to rightly honor God. A sense of fealty 
 
 14 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 to the King of kings was the guiding star 
 which our fathers followed. A spirit of 
 allegiance to the throne of heaven was the 
 breath of life in the character of those who 
 were the founders of our native land. 
 Said the Philosopher — "■ I think, therefore 
 I am." Said the Puritan — ^' I believe, 
 therefore I can." They subscribed them- 
 selves subjects of the King of heaven from 
 the hour in which they signed the com- 
 pact in the cabin of the Mayflower, until 
 the day they voted to open the sessions of 
 the Constitutional Convention with prayer. 
 The lanters which flashed out at the 
 birth of liberty, were hung in the steeple 
 of a church. At Louisburg, victory was 
 won under a banner bearing the motto 
 which the apostolic Whitfield had sug- 
 gested : '* Nil desperandum Christo Duce^' 
 — a blazon like that upon the laburnum of 
 Constantine. At Ticonderoga, the forts 
 were taken " In the name of Jehovah and 
 the Continental Congress," waking along 
 the shores of Champlain the war cry which 
 the Hebrew revolutionists of the olden 
 time had sent pealing among the hills of 
 Canaan. On the Liberty Bell was en- 
 graved a text of Scripture, and in the 
 words af inspiration its deep-throated 
 
 15 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 tones proclaimed *' Liberty throughout the 
 land unto all the inhabitants thereof/' 
 The men who would not kneel to King 
 George on Lexington Common, bowed 
 day by day in family prayer in the Massa- 
 chusetts farm-houses. In response to 
 Lord Howe's offer of a royal pardon, old 
 Trumbull, of Connecticut, voiced the 
 universal feeling when he bluftiy said, 
 ** No doubt all need the pardon of heaven 
 for our manifold sins and transgressions, 
 but the American who needs the pardon 
 of his Britannic Majesty is yet to be 
 found. " The " Old Continentals " fought 
 the battles of the State with Bibles in 
 their knapsacks. They studied the mili- 
 tary genius of Moses by the light of their 
 camp fires. They sang the Psalms of 
 David while cannon boomed the accom- 
 paniment. They knelt at the throne of 
 God in the hour of darkness, and they 
 crowned His altar with thanksgiving in 
 the day of triumph. When the clouds 
 were thickest and all hearts were sore ; 
 when the treasury was empty, and grim- 
 visaged disaster was knocking at the gate- 
 way, Congress ordered an appropriation 
 not only for the purchase of gunpowder, 
 but also for the importation of twenty- 
 id 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 thousand copies of the Scriptures. These 
 pioneer spirits were masters of a profound 
 diplomacy. They knew what no Ameri- 
 can should ever forget — that Bible truth is 
 the sort of ammunition most effective in 
 the vindication of national honor. The 
 Pilgrim Fathers feared none but God; so 
 all their foes feared them. 
 
 These traits of our fathers were crys- 
 tallized in the character of George 
 Washington. 
 
 The Revolutionary period is dominated 
 by his personality. The history of its 
 years resolves itself into his biography. 
 The centre of its forces was his potent in- 
 dividuality; and all its energies and inci- 
 dents seem satellite to him. An English 
 writer has said, " He was greatest of good 
 men and the best of great men." In 
 thought he was great. He looked at facts 
 precisely as they were, and he understood 
 precisely what they meant. In action he 
 was great. He rode the whirlwind with a 
 firm seat. He kept the ** strenuous uphill 
 road " until he stood upon the shining sum- 
 mits of victory. The temper of his soul 
 rang out when being told at Trenton that 
 the guns were wet and could not be fired, 
 he replied, " Use bayonets, then. The 
 
 17 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 town must be taken." In faitJi he was 
 great. He would not have been altogether 
 great otherwise. Infidelity is inconsistent 
 with nobility. A doubter makes a poor 
 leader. The principles of unbelief are 
 not those for which men care to shed their 
 blood. With his whole soul he believed 
 in God, unashamed to confess dependence 
 upon Divine strength, unashamed to bow 
 the knee at the Divine throne, unashamed 
 to cherish to his latest hour, in unostenta- 
 tious simplicity, that piety which had 
 come to him in childhood, warm from his 
 mother's heart. 
 
 A two-fold glory crowns him. Beneath 
 the Cambridge Elm, he bared the sword 
 and led a mighty revolution without a 
 taint of crime. Upon the Wall street 
 balcony, he kissed the Bible and founded 
 a splendid commonwealth without the 
 shadow of ambition. 
 
 The note of independence was struck 
 for him by orphanage in his boyhood. 
 The art of walking in untravelled ways 
 was mastered, as theodolite in hand 
 he penetrated the shadowy wilderness. 
 Indian foes schooled him in the secrets of 
 strategic and patient warfare. Beneath 
 the banner against which he came to fight, 
 
 i8 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 he learned to listen without a tremor to 
 the whistle of bullets. The reins of the 
 Revolutionary movement dropped into 
 his hands instinctively. He was God- 
 gifted for such a part. His was a soul un- 
 shaken by disaster, unbetrayed by success. 
 His spirit never sank when fortune ebbed; 
 and never lowered its guard when fortune 
 smiled. Coupled with inflexible adherence 
 to lofty principle was a shrewd kindness 
 that stooped to conquer, and won when it 
 seemed to yield. He knew how to lose a 
 battle so as to gain a campaign. He was 
 contented that others should win the 
 laurels, so long as America won the war. 
 He was the bond-slave of a supreme pur- 
 pose to glorify his native land. In the day 
 of battle, he contended that the Colonies 
 must be freed by an American soldiery. 
 In the time of peace, he planned to open 
 wide domains for the conquest of Ameri- 
 can industry. He looked beyond the 
 mountain tops, and strove to open a gate- 
 way for the march of an American civiliza- 
 tion out upon the imperial plains of the 
 West. He kept his eye beyond the sea 
 and studied to impress foreign powers 
 with the peculiar and subtle genius 
 of American institutions. He would 
 
 19 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 curb immigration lest alien elements 
 should leaven American individuality. He 
 left by will funds to found an American 
 University, because he believed the at- 
 mosphere of foreign schools '^unfriendly 
 to republican government and the liber- 
 ties of mankind/' He stood far in advance 
 of his time. He has a place upon the 
 loftiest plane to which men have risen. 
 The monument upon the banks of the Po- 
 tomac, so grand in its simplicity, clothed 
 with white purity, soaring into the upper 
 air, aspiring toward the unclouded blue, 
 keeping changeless vigil over the Capital 
 City through all the fluctuations of the 
 years, is a striking materialization of his 
 character. 
 
 Of such a Revolution we are the child- 
 ren. Of this illustrious man we are the 
 heirs. The token of our ancestral descent 
 is the reproduction of those elements of 
 character which made our fathers great. 
 Thoughtfulness, energy and piety consti- 
 tute the triple birthmark of an American 
 Patriot. 
 
 I. A true Son of the Revolution will 
 think. 
 
 Neither imagination nor passion will 
 sway the sceptre over him. The story of his 
 
 20 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 country will be studied with serious affec- 
 tion. The character forces of its founders 
 will be patiently analyzed.. The princi- 
 ples by which they were actuated in the 
 formation of the government will be 
 scrutinized. The historic development of 
 our nationality will be surveyed. Present 
 day questions will be viewed in the light 
 of a calm and unexcited intelligence. The 
 collision with Spain will be seen to be the 
 final phase of an irrepressible conflict 
 which has been in progress for three hun- 
 dred years. The drawing together of 
 England and America, will be recognized 
 as the normal and irresistible advance of 
 those principles with w^hich the Saxon 
 races have been entrusted for the good of 
 the world. The momentous and unsought 
 responsibility of a guardian care over re- 
 mote peoples which has been thrust upon 
 the nation, will be viewed in its true light 
 as a glorious opportunity to scatter far 
 abroad those treasures of liberty and truth 
 which are our dearest possessions. 
 
 In the Revolution, America won liberty. 
 In the Civil War, America achieved na- 
 tionality. In the campaign of 1898, Amer- 
 ica rose into new and holy relations with 
 humanity. Necessity has been laid upon 
 
 21 
 
Ax Amikica!! Patuot 
 
 US to send J and iiinstraxe a new idea in the 
 fogi e ss of the nee, — the obli^ration of a 
 strong and prosperoos peo|de to minister 
 to the woe of the world beyond its own 
 frontiers. 
 
 n. A true Son of the Rerolnticm will 
 
 Z"fr "SI :i;::r in the pro- 
 
 : ■ Z = ch indi- 
 
 '.:."- r nation's 
 
 :_:-.ire. Nc: - .lz ~ -e alone is a 
 
 7 1 t ■ Not in the 
 
 *-^ -^licy of 
 - ipon 
 
 .C ilC 
 
 a 5 
 
 em to be. Civic evils 
 
 be citizen's apathj. 
 
 "- Trpon the State do 
 
 ^'g^ish opposition. 
 
 - ' : — ent to the torpid 
 
 tz: folk. There 
 
 Immorality 
 
 ::^ ::-:e5 :- Piety 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 Hill. That ancestral energy which, with- 
 out equipment, or disciplinCj or money, 
 or popular support, withstood the armies 
 of the King, baffled the navy of Britain, 
 drove the Hessians back across the sea 
 and founded the national government, is 
 suflSciently ^ngorous, if it be sufficiently 
 awake, to convert a political party into an 
 orgfanized conscience, and to dictate terms 
 to any evil which challenges the common 
 weal. One man may do but little, but he 
 can always act as though he was the one 
 upon whose fidelity the future pivotted. 
 A pestilence is said to reside in an atomic 
 microbe. A contagion of good is stored 
 in a solitary manhood that dares to '* stand 
 foresquare, whatever wind may below." 
 
 III. A true Son of the Revolution will 
 believe in God. 
 
 Lest you think this the perfunctory 
 pronunciamento of the pulpit, listen 
 to the words of Washington — " No 
 people can be bound to acknowledge 
 and adore an invisible hand which con- 
 ducts the affairs of men more than the 
 people of the United States. Of all the 
 dispositions which lead to political pros- 
 perity, religion and morality are the indis- 
 pensable supports. In vain would that 
 
 23 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 man claim the tribute of patriotism who 
 should labor to subvert these great pillars 
 of human happiness." Irreligion is 
 un-American. Skepticism is contrary to 
 the genius of this country. Unbelief savors 
 of disloyalty. When the Bible is assailed, 
 remember Andrew Jackson said "That 
 Book is the rock bed of the Republic." 
 When prayer is scoffed at, remember Lin- 
 coln asked the nation to supplicate the 
 favor of God in his behalf. When the 
 home is undermined, remember that 
 hallowed Virginian fireside, where Wash- 
 ington was cradled. When the Sabbath 
 is disregarded, remember how he issued 
 special orders for its observance in the 
 army. When blasphemy and immorality 
 and gambling are treated as ethical trifles, 
 remember how the Commander of the 
 Continental army called upon those who 
 aspired to lead the forces that fought for 
 freedom, to vindicate their claim to oUch 
 a distinction by abstinence from such 
 iniquities. It is by the favor of God we 
 are what we are. Our fathers felt it and 
 said it. We are false to our blood, if we 
 forget it, or conceal it. IngersoUville can 
 never be the capital city of a great nation. 
 Brigham Young's barouche's is not a fit 
 
 24 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 conveyance for Miss Columbia to ride in. 
 In this land one is free to worship accord- 
 ing to the dictates of his own conscience, 
 but he is no true American who counts it 
 freedom to sneak into Congress over the 
 shattered fragments of a solemn compact, 
 and make laws for others while he breaks 
 them himself. In this land one is free to 
 worship no God, but he loves not his 
 country who counts it freedom to become 
 an apostle of the red flag and preach a 
 gospel of dynamite. In this land one is 
 free to live the lonely life of him who has 
 no altarplace, and hears no voice of hope, 
 but he is false to his patriotic ancestry 
 who counts it freedom to attack and 
 deride that faith for which our fathers 
 suffered the loss of all things, and to scoff 
 at that Holy Name, honoring which they 
 laid the foundations of the nation. Only 
 if we fail here, is catastrophe possible. 
 The light will not cease to shine upon our 
 future pathway, so long as we recognize 
 the truth that " duty makes destiny." 
 Difficulty and sacrifice, internal evils, and 
 outside perils, these things cannot rob 
 America of her glory. She can only lose 
 her grandeur, when she uncrowns herself 
 by turning her back upon the God of 
 
 25 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 our fachers, and ceasing to obey His 
 voice. 
 
 When the musketry of Lexington roused 
 Samuel Adams, he saluted the sunrise with 
 the cry, " What a glorious morning." 
 Strange words from so shrewd a judge of 
 affairs! That early sunlight shone upon 
 dead bodies and desolated homes. That 
 day was the harbinger of dark and weary 
 years, of crushing woes, and of untold 
 anguish to uncounted hearts, Adams was 
 right. His gaze was upon the time to 
 come. He saw emerging from the mists 
 of that grey dawn, a glorious nation, made 
 strong in the school of suffering, made 
 pure with a baptism of blood, made ready 
 for an exalted and triumphant mission by 
 communion with the God of battles. 
 
 The guns of Dewey ushered in the dawn 
 of such another day. This is the twilight 
 hour of tumult and confusion, of the clash 
 of opinions and the struggle of prejudices. 
 The wounds of conflict are still unhealed. 
 The sweat of battle is not yet wiped 
 away. On the one hand is timidity — on 
 the other asperity. The brazen cry of 
 greed is heard, and the serpentine hiss of 
 cunning. But a glorious daybreak has 
 come. Ere long the mists of the morning 
 
 26 
 
An American Patriot 
 
 shall have vanished away. The sun, 
 which is just creeping above the Eastern 
 hilltops, shall ride in mid-heaven clad with 
 unclouded splendor by-and-by. In the 
 years which are to come, lands redeemed 
 from tyranny and made rich with the 
 choicest stores of a Christian civilization; 
 peoples rescued from ignorance and bar- 
 barism and uplifted to a place among the 
 nations of the earth; races saved from 
 savagry, and dowered with the priceless 
 blessings of civil and religious liberty, will 
 recall the roar of those fateful cannon, 
 and look back to these sombre hours of 
 the bared sword, and the smoking mus- 
 ket, and will utter the grateful cry, 
 *' What a glorious morning. God bless 
 the United States." 
 
 27 
 
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