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SCHOOL-CHILDREN THE 
 WORLD OVER 
 
4 
 
Children leaving a Village Schrjol at Cappel, Germany 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 190S, by Vndenvood Isf Underwood, A'eiL' York 
 
SCHOOL-CHILDREN 
 THE WORLD OVER 
 
 WITH STORIES AND DESCRIPTIONS 
 
 By LUCY DUNTON 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM COPYRIGHTED 
 STEREOGRAPHS BY UNDERWOOD ^5 UNDERWOOD, 
 NEW YORK, PUBLISHED BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT 
 
 JVEIJ^ YORK . FREDERICK A. 
 STOKES COMPANY • PUBLISHERS 
 
Copyright, 1909, by 
 FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY 
 
 September, 1909 
 
 .335 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 9 
 
 A VILLAGE SCHOOL AT CAPPEL, GERMANY 
 
 A GIRLS' SCHOOL IN PALESTINE 
 
 FULL-BLOODED MAORI GIRLS AT A SEMINARY 
 
 "SETTING-UP EXERCISES" IN A MAORI BOYS' SCHOOL ... 14 
 
 GIRLS' TRAINING SCHOOL, AMERICAN MISSION, ASSIUT, EGYPT . 16 
 
 CHILDREN OF CENTRAL AFRICA 
 
 SCHOOL-CHILDREN AT MATANZAS, CUBA .... 
 
 A PUBLIC SCHOOL IN PORTO RICO 
 
 A PARSEE SCHOOLMASTER AND HIS CLASS OF BOYS ... 24 
 STATE SCHOOL AT KAROIT, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA . . . c6 
 
 SCHOOL-TEACHER AND CHILDREN AT LA PAROUSE, AUSTRALIA 28 
 JAPANESE BOYS PLAYING MARBLES AFTER SCHOOL ... 30 
 
 A JAPANESE PLAYGROUND 
 
 AN UP-TO-DATE SCHOOL AT RECHT, PERSIA .... 
 A NATIONAL SCHOOL IN CENTRAL IRELAND .... 
 SCHOOL-GIRLS AT HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS . 
 SKIPPING ROPE IN SCHOOL-YARD, BARRANQUILLA, COLOMBIA 
 SCHOOL IN CEYLON, SHOWING PUPILS AND TEACHER . 
 JAPANESE SCHOOL-GIRLS GOING TO A CHERRY FESTRAL 
 CHINESE GIRLS AT THE McTYEIRE MISSION SCHOOL . 
 N.\TIVE SCHOOL AT SALTILLO, MEXICO .... 
 A DISTRICT SCHOOL IN NEW ENGLAND .... 
 SCHOOL-BOYS DRILLING IN BELEM, SPAIN 
 
 AMERICAN INDIANS, MOKI COUNTRY 
 
 SCHOLARS AT RECREATION, FILANTROPICA, ECUADOR . 
 THE JESUIT SCHOOL OF SALEMI, SICILY .... 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 THE ROYAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL, PALERMO, SICH.Y 
 
 JAMAICA PICKANINNIES GOING TO SCHOOL 
 
 MUNICIPAL SCHOOL AT MANILA .... 
 
 SCHOOL-CHILDREN AT LAMPOUL, FRANCE 
 
 CHILDREN OF THE AVE MARIA CHARITY SCHOOL 
 
 A HIGH SCHOOL, JON KOPING, SWEDEN 
 
 AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOL— A LESSON IN PENMANSHIP 
 
 LONDON DAY SCHOOL— A CHEMISTRY CLASS . 
 
 A LONDON DAY SCHOOL— IN THE PLAYGROUND 
 
 AN AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL IN EGYPT 
 
 PAGE 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 64 
 
 66 
 68 
 
 70 
 72 
 74 
 76 
 78 
 
A VILLAGE SCHOOL AT 
 CAPPEL, GERMANY 
 
 GERMANY has always been a country of education. 
 Its universities are among the very finest in the world, 
 and its lower schools, which are called gymnasia, are 
 excellent. This is, of course, only a tiny village school, but 
 you can see that even these little children have a studious 
 look in their eyes, as it they had just come from a place where 
 they studied very hard. 
 
 Each one of these boys, when he becomes twenty years 
 old, will have to be a soldier and serve in the army for seven 
 years, unless he has shown himself so very brilliant that he is 
 allowed to go on with his studies for a special purpose. Some 
 of them, to escape the service in the army, will perhaps leave 
 Germany and live elsewhere, but most of them will stay and 
 be soldiers. 
 
 The girls will doubtless be taught how to spin and weave 
 and to keep house, for every German girl learns to be a good 
 housekeeper before she learns much else. 
 
 There is in Germany a great forest that covers miles and 
 miles of land; it is called the Black Forest, and there are 
 many stories written about it. In one part of it there is a 
 small village where all the children, as well as the grown-ups, 
 make dolls — all sorts and sizes of dolls, to be sent over all the 
 world. And the strange thing is that no one of the girls 
 there ever has a doll of her own to play with ! It must be 
 rather hard for them, don't you think, to see so many dolls 
 going away while they have none.? 
 
 9 
 
A GIRLS' SCHOOL IN PALESTINE 
 
 HERE is a school of girls in Palestine, which is called 
 the Holy Land, because Christ was born and lived 
 there. But these girls would never have known any- 
 thing about Christ, or many other things that it is good to 
 know, if the missionaries had not started schools like this. 
 That is because girls are not thought much of in Palestine, 
 and nobody troubles to teach them, unless, perhaps, their 
 parents are wealthy and of importance. Their brothers go 
 to school, but they stay at home and work, and take care of 
 the baby. 
 
 Even in this school, some of the girls have to bring the 
 babies, or else they couldn't come themselves. Most of these 
 girls, I think, look as if they would learn quickly whatever 
 they were taught. And they probably do know, already, 
 a little English, and how to read and write. They learn also 
 cooking, sewing, and how to help keep their own homes clean, 
 which is fortunate, because the homes probably need it badly. 
 
 These girls belong to poor families, and live in very small 
 houses. When they are not at school they help their moth- 
 ers, while their fathers go out to the fields to tend flocks of 
 sheep or herds of goats. 
 
 Many, many years ago, when Christ lived there, most of 
 the people in Palestine were Jews; but now the poorer people 
 are almost all Syrians or Arabs, and these girls probably all 
 belong to one of those two races. Both Syrians and Arabs 
 are, in a way, second cousins to the Jews. 
 
 lO 
 
A Girls' School at Es Sa/i in Palestine 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1907, by Underwood isf Underwood, New York 
 
FULL-BLOODED MAORI GIRLS 
 
 AT A SEMINARY, PARNELL, 
 
 NEW ZEALAND 
 
 IF you put your thumb or finger over the faces of some of 
 these girls, you will see that they look very like the girls 
 
 that go to your own school. But, take away your finger, 
 now, and put your hand over all but their heads. How 
 different they are from the girls you know ! Well, their 
 faces are different because these girls live on a great, far-away 
 island, called New Zealand, and belong to a tribe of people 
 called Maoris, who owned that island before the English 
 people went there to live. 
 
 When the English went there they began to teach these 
 Maoris to wear the same sort of clothes they wore, instead 
 of the skins of wild animals which the Maoris used to use. 
 
 Then the English built schools for them, like this one, 
 and Mission churches. The Maori girls are bright and quick 
 to learn, and some of them, as you see here, are very pretty. 
 It seems a wonderful thing to them all to learn to read and 
 write; for probably many of these girls have parents who 
 cannot spell their own names. 
 
 All the Maori tribe live on the islands in the Pacific 
 Ocean, and have brown skins — some fairly light brown — 
 and generally straight hair. They are very different from the 
 Negroes, who live in Africa, and are much darker-skinned 
 and have hair like wool. 
 
 12 
 
Full-blooded Maori Girls at a Seminary, Paniell, New Zealand 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 190S, by Underifood isf Undenvood, New York 
 
THE "SETTING-UP EXERCISES" 
 IN A MAORI BOYS' SCHOOL 
 
 YOU know how it is when you feel all wriggley and 
 squirmy in school? Then the teacher says, "All 
 stand ! " and you get up and go through some exercises 
 that make you feel all right again, and ready for more work. 
 Well, that is what these boys are doing. Only, they have 
 their exercises in the open air — which, of course, is best, 
 when it is possible. 
 
 These boys live in New Zealand, too, and belong to the 
 tribe of Maoris, just as the girls in the picture before this. 
 The boys and men of this tribe are almost always tall and 
 strong and well-built. They live out of doors a great deal, 
 and are very fond of outdoor games and sports. 
 
 The schools in New Zealand are very fine, and the 
 boys and girls study much the same lessons as you do. 
 That is because the English people have built these schools 
 for them. But you will think it a queer place, in one way, 
 when I tell you that while countries like America and Eng- 
 land are having winter, with lots of snow and skating and 
 coasting, these boys are going barefoot and finding it pretty 
 hot weather even to play ball in, for it is then summer in their 
 country. And when it is June in these northern countries, 
 it is cold and wintry there, though they don't have even 
 enough snow and ice to coast and skate; only terrible storms 
 and long, long days of rain. 
 
Si.'tting-up Ext-rc/st's" in School for Maori Boys, outside Auckland, 
 New Zealatid 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 190S, by Underwood isf U/iderwood, Neiu York 
 
LITTLE GIRLS' TRAINING 
 
 SCHOOL, AMERICAN MISSION, 
 
 ASSIUT, EGYPT 
 
 HERE is another school on a roof-top — much the same 
 sort of roof as the one where the Egyptian boys are 
 studying. For this school, also, is in Egypt, in 
 another town near the Nile, called Assiut. It is a school for 
 girls, which was an unheard-of thing before these Mission 
 schools were started. 
 
 These queer, square, flat-topped houses are made of 
 plastered mud or of sun-dried bricks, and this part of Assiut 
 does not look very attractive. But the whole town is in a 
 beautiful place, and as you travel toward it, you might think 
 it was a fairy city, it has so many tall, graceful towers and 
 spires. These are on its churches, and are called minarets, 
 while the churches themselves are called mosques. 
 
 When you go into Assiut, however, and see it close to, it 
 isn't at all a pleasant place, for the streets are not clean, and 
 the people, especially the children, are ill-kept and badly 
 fed. At this school the little girls are learning to take better 
 care of themselves, as well as to read and write. 
 
 But there is one beautiful thing that is made in Assiut — 
 a kind of pottery, that is, bowls, pitchers and vases, of a dull 
 red, with designs in black. Some of these are sent away, 
 all over the world, but the people keep and sell the best in 
 their own town. 
 
 i6 
 
Little Girls Ti'aining School, A/iicritiui Mission, ^ is suit, Egypt 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright by Vnder'ivood ^ Underwood, Neiu Tori 
 
CHILDREN OF CENTRAL AFRICA 
 
 THESE faces are none of them very bright or attractive, 
 are they ? Well, possibly a few of these boys and 
 girls are rather brighter than they look, and many of 
 them are learning, in this Mission school, to become at least 
 a little less unattractive than they were. 
 
 These boys and girls — and the men with them, who are 
 teachers — live in Central Africa, in a part of the country 
 called the Congo Free State — almost on the equator. You 
 will think they look very much like negroes, which isn't 
 strange, because that is exactly what they are; for the ances- 
 tors of the negroes in America were brought as slaves, years 
 ago, from this same country. 
 
 You have heard of savages? These Africans were all 
 savages before the white people went there as missionaries. 
 But now they are learning to live a little better, and you can 
 see some of them holding books in their hands. No doubt 
 some of the older ones can read them, and the little ones are 
 going to do so too, as they grow up. 
 
 The great brick building behind them was built, as you 
 will probably guess, by the missionaries. For, of course, these 
 people wouldn't know how to build such a house as that. 
 Their own houses are dark little huts, made of a kind of 
 stiff grass and without any floors or windows — just one door 
 to go in and out by. Their chief, or king, thinks his house 
 very fine because it is made, not of grass, but of palm-leaves 
 and has a fence around it, made of reeds ! 
 
 i8 
 
SCHOOL-CHILDREN AT MATAN- 
 ZAS, CUBA 
 
 THIS doesn't look as if they had very good school-houses 
 in Cuba, does it? Well, they have not; — for very 
 little boys and girls. The schools for bigger boys and 
 girls — especially the boys — are much better, but little folk 
 like these have to go to school where they can. 
 
 Most of them are taught by the Sisters, who belong to 
 the convents, and they don't really study very hard. You see 
 it is very warm on the island of Cuba, most of the year, 
 because it is so far south and so the people take things pretty 
 easily. None of them care very much for studying and the 
 Cuban girls would rather do the housework at home than 
 learn to read and write. 
 
 Like Colombia, Cuba used to belong to Spain, and the 
 Spaniards gave it the beautiful name of the "Pearl of the 
 Antilles." It was governed by the United States for several 
 years, though the Cubans now govern themselves. 
 
 Cuban children have a happy time, generally, for they 
 are greatly loved and petted at home. But they are good- 
 mannered children and are not often spoiled by being made 
 much of. One thing that is rather cruel the Cuban children 
 are verv fond of, and that is making game-cocks light. Even 
 the poorest people try to have some of these birds. Cuban 
 children love to fly kites, and they have a game in which 
 pieces of glass are tied to the kite-tails and each player tries 
 to make his kite cut the string of another. 
 
 20 
 
ef. . 
 
 
 
 
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 V 
 
 ■I 
 
 ^ Group of School-children at Matanzas, Cuba 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1907, by Underwood is Underwood, New York 
 
A PUBLIC SCHOOL IN 
 PORTO RICO 
 
 THIS school is in Porto Rico, which is an island not far 
 from Cuba and belongs to the same group of islands, 
 called the West Indies. But this school-house looks 
 much better than that one in Cuba. That is partly because 
 the Americans have helped the Porto Ricans to have better 
 schools, and partly because they themselves really want their 
 schools to be better, while the Cubans do not care. 
 
 When the girls in Porto Rico are old enough, many of 
 them go to the United States, to learn how to teach. Then 
 they go back home and help the others. Perhaps the two 
 teachers in the window have been to America. But even if 
 they have been, and have learned to speak English there, 
 they will probably teach these children in Spanish, for that 
 is the language the Porto Ricans all speak, though some of 
 them may have picked up a little English from the Ameri- 
 cans living on the island. 
 
 Porto Rico is a very beautiful island, but it is difficult to 
 travel upon it, because there are high hills and the roads are 
 badly kept. There are a great many rivers on it, too, but 
 as there are very few bridges across them, even traveling on 
 horseback is not easy. Still, the Americans are helping to 
 improve the roads and to build bridges, so that it will be 
 easier to go from place to place. And this will be good not 
 only for the grown-ups, but for the children as well, especially 
 when they have far to go to school. 
 
 22 
 
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A PARSER SCHOOLMASTER AND 
 HIS CLASS OF BOYS 
 
 THIS odd-looking old schoolmaster belongs to a relig- 
 ious body of people who live in India, or in nearby 
 lands. They are called Parsees, which is almost the 
 same word as Persia, because their religion is that of an an- 
 cient Persian named Zoroaster. 
 
 This Parsee schoolmaster will teach his boys a great 
 many things that would seem very strange to us. For in- 
 stance, they can not ever eat any food that is cooked by a 
 person ot another religion than theirs. Then, when they 
 grow up they are not allowed to marry anyone that is not a 
 Parsee. Some of these boys, perhaps, will not marry at all, 
 but will become Parsee priests, and help to keep alive the 
 fire on the temple altars, for that fire must never go out. 
 
 The island of Uran, where these boys are, is close to 
 Bombay, which is one of the two largest cities of India; the 
 other being Calcutta. Those ships have probably been into 
 the harbor of Bombay, carrying cargoes from other ports; 
 or perhaps they are going to carry away some of the cotton 
 cloth that the people of Bombay send to other countries. 
 Cotton cloth is made in large quantities in this part of India, 
 and the whole country has always been famous for its many 
 kinds of fabric. Silks of very beautiful colors and wonder- 
 fully soft, embroideries, and all sorts of needle-work are 
 found in all the better shops and bazars, which are generally 
 open booths without doors or windows. 
 
 24 
 
A Parsee Schoolmaster and his CJass, Ishnul of Uran, near Bombay, India 
 
 From Stereograph, eopyrii^/it by Vndenvood l3 Lndencooii, Aeu' } ork 
 
STATE SCHOOL AT KOROIT, 
 VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA 
 
 YOU remember those schools of girls and boys in New 
 Zealand? Well, Australia is a very large island near 
 New Zealand, so large that it is called an island con- 
 tinent. And it, also, is a colony of England. But the peo- 
 ple there are not like the New Zealanders or Maoris. Some 
 of them are more like negroes — dark and wooly-haired — 
 while others are quite fair-skinned. 
 
 Many, perhaps most, ot these children are not really 
 Australians, at all, but Englishj because so many English 
 people go to Australia to live. And especially to Victoria, 
 for that is where, a number of years ago, so much gold was 
 found that people hurried there in crowds, hoping to make 
 their fortunes in mining. 
 
 But all the people in Australia are not gold-hunters. 
 Perhaps the fathers of some of these children are sheep- 
 raisers, and own great flocks of sheep, so that they may send 
 the wool to England or to Scotland j for before the gold was 
 found in Victoria, most of the people raised sheep to make 
 their living from the wool. 
 
 When these boys and girls have grown a little older, 
 they will probably be sent to England, to go to other schools 
 there, because their fathers and mothers always think of 
 England as their real home. 
 
 26 
 
A Modern School-house at Koroit, Victoria, Australia, showing a Teacher 
 and the School-children 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1909, hy Vnderu'ood of Underwood, New York 
 
A SCHOOL-HOUSE, SCHOOL- 
 TEACHER AND CHILDREN 
 AT LA PAROUSE, 
 AUSTRALIA 
 
 THE schools in Victoria are very much the same sort 
 that you go to, and the children have to go to them 
 regularly, just as you do. But in other parts of 
 Australia the people are not so careful about sending their 
 boys and girls to school, and so they don't learn nearly so 
 much, nor have such good schools to go to. 
 
 Here is one that is not in Victoria. You can plainly 
 see that everything about it is different from the last one we 
 saw, except the teacher, who is doubtless an Englishman, 
 like the other. 
 
 These boys and girls belong to poorer families, and a few 
 of them are full-blooded Australians. They are an ill-kept, 
 unattractive crowd, aren't they.? Their fathers, probably, 
 take care of the flocks of sheep, or work hard in the fields 
 of wheat, or in the mines. 
 
 The cities of Australia are full of modern, English- 
 looking buildings, because they have been built up largely by 
 the people who have come from England; and Melbourne, 
 the capital of Australia, has no less than five beautiful parks 
 in it. But if you should go out into the country, you would 
 see some strange animals, such as you may only see in the 
 Zoo, at home. 
 
 28 
 
"^i^:'^^-— 
 
 
 The Teacher, Pupils and School-house at La Parouse, Australia 
 
 From Sh-reogmfh, lOpyriv/it, 1909, by Vndenvood fif Vr.dcnvood, Netv York 
 
JAPANESE BOYS PLAYING MAR- 
 BLES AFTER SCHOOL 
 
 THESE Japanese boys have been to school and now, on 
 their way home, are stopping, just like other boys, 
 the world over, to play marbles in the street. For 
 boys in Japan love dearly to play, and even taking care ot 
 baby brother or sister does not keep them from joining in 
 the game. If it did, many of them could not play at all, 
 for the back of a Japanese boy or girl is thought to be the 
 very best place for the baby of the family; and so, there he 
 is fastened securely every morning, and stays most of the day, 
 even taking his nap there, in perfect content and comfort. 
 
 Japanese children are all very polite, and if you were to 
 stand near by for a long time and watch the boys playing, you 
 would not see any of them quarreling, for they are peaceable 
 little people, and hardly ever think of fighting. When they 
 grow up, however, they make the best sort of soldiers, and 
 fight, then, for their country, as hard as you could wish. 
 
 As for school, they love it nearly as much as a good 
 game of marbles. There is never any need of urging them 
 to go. But when a holiday comes along, I think they are 
 almost happier than English or American boys, because even 
 the grown-ups in Japan know how to enjoy playtime rather 
 better than in most places. And they join the children in 
 having a good time in the streets or out in the fields. In the 
 latter they have many beautiful flower festivals, most of 
 which are part of their religion. 
 
 30 
 
JiipiJiicsi' Boys p/iiyiiig Marbles after School 
 From Stereograp/i, copyright, 1907, by Underwood ^ Vnderivood, Nnv York 
 
A JAPANESE PLAYGROUND 
 
 HERE are more Japanese boys, and some girls, too, 
 playing together: — probably on the school play- 
 ground. The children ot Japan wear rather queer 
 and awkward footgear ;— llat straw sandals held on by a band 
 passing between the big toe and the next one. And some- 
 times they wear thick, wooden clogs, fastened in the same 
 way. English and American children would find it very diffi- 
 cult to move about in these, but the Japanese children are 
 used to them, and manage to romp and run very easily in 
 them. When the people go inside of a house they slip them 
 ofF and leave them on the porch, walking about the house 
 in their stockings. 
 
 The little boys dress almost exactly like their fathers, and 
 the girls like their mothers, except that a little girl may wear 
 much brighter colors than older folk, and have gay flowers 
 and birds printed or embroidered on her kimono. 
 
 Most of their games are very different from ours, and 
 they are great little people for games. They all love to 
 play together, and the older children take excellent care of 
 the little ones, to whom they are always thoughtful and 
 kind. 
 
 Some of these boys, when they are older, will learn how 
 to wrestle in that wonderful way that only the Japanese know. 
 It is called jiu jitsu, and unless you happen to have learned 
 it, also, one of these small men could throw you, almost in 
 an instant, even if you were twice his size. 
 
 32 
 
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 From Surngrapk, ctpjrigit, 1907, hr L'ltderu.'ttJ i^ IndtnittJ, .V«f Vtri 
 
AN UP-TO-DATE SCHOOL AT 
 RECHT, PERSIA 
 
 PERSIA, like Egypt and China and Palestine, is one of 
 the very old countries of the world. For thousands 
 of years it has had schools and its people have studied 
 and have taught their boys to study — but not their girls, for 
 in Persia, as in many Eastern countries, they do not like to 
 have girls and w^omen know much. 
 
 This school has small boys and large ones in it, and the 
 very smallest is dressed exactly like the grown men. That 
 is a school uniform, to be sure, but even outside of schools, 
 in Persia, the children dress just like the grown-ups as soon 
 as they can walk. And most of them act like little men 
 and women, too. 
 
 But the people of Persia do not all study in books. 
 Many of them make beautiful things with their hands, weav- 
 ing wonderful colors and patterns into rugs and shawls, and 
 embroidering on silks, so that nowhere else in the world will 
 you find such rugs or such shawls, and only in China or 
 Japan can you get as wonderful embroideries. 
 
 Every one in Persia loves flowers and nearly every house 
 has a garden. Sometimes it is nothing but a tangle of flow- 
 ers and not at all well-kept, but still it is a garden. And if 
 it is not well-kept, it is merely like all the rest of Persia; 
 for though Persia was once a powerful country, it has gradu- 
 ally lost its power and its greatness, until now it amounts to 
 very little among the nations of the world. 
 
 34 
 
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A NATIONAL SCHOOL IN 
 CENTRAL IRELAND 
 
 HERE are some children in a village school in Ireland. 
 That is nearer home, isn't it? And they look much 
 more familiar than some of the other children we 
 have been looking at. These children's fathers are farmers 
 and laborers and, since being a farmer in Ireland means a 
 deal of hard work, many of these boys and girls have to help 
 in the fields before they go to school and after school is 
 out. Or, perhaps some have to drive the cows or tend the 
 goats, while others mind the babies at home. 
 
 The teachers in these schools have not had very much 
 chance to learn, themselves. Still, they can teach the chil- 
 dren how to read and write, and the little girls all learn 
 from them how to sew and knit. 
 
 The land in Ireland is not very good farm-land, and 
 some of the farmers can barely make a living off it. That 
 is why so many of them leave Ireland for America. Most 
 of these boys and girls, as soon as they are old enough, will 
 say good-by to their homes and join their friends in the 
 United States, for they all think it a wonderful country to 
 become rich in. While they are still boys and girls, how- 
 ever, they will stay at home, contentedly, for they are a 
 very happy lot, and have much fun among themselves. 
 They do not have many playthings like the children of some 
 other lands, but have to find amusement in simple games and 
 plays. This does not make them less cheerful however. 
 
 36 
 
A National School at Ballidian, Ireland 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright by Underwood isf Underwood, New York 
 
SCHOOL-GIRLS AT HONOLULU, 
 HAWAHAN ISLANDS 
 
 THESE girls live on an island away over in the Pacific 
 Ocean, thousands of miles west of San Francisco, 
 which is as far west as you can go and still be in 
 the United States. Yet this island, and several others, close 
 to it, belong to the United States, though they are called by 
 their old name, the Hawaiian Islands. 
 
 So many people from all over the world have come there 
 at different times, to stay and do business there, that now 
 most of the people are either English or American, or Ger- 
 man or French, or of any other nation than that which really 
 belongs in those islands. 
 
 That is why these girls differ so, one from the other. 
 Some of them, to be sure, are real Hawaiians, but most of 
 them are children of people who have come from other 
 countries. These people live in Honolulu, where this school" 
 is. They raise sugar-cane, perhaps, or coffee, or rice, or 
 own flocks of sheep and sell their wool to England. 
 
 Still, their girls go to the same school, which is very like 
 the schools that American girls go to. They all speak Eng- 
 lish and, if you should ever go to that far-away island, you 
 would find the little girls ready to play just whatever game 
 you might ask for. The native girls of these islands, as well 
 as the men and boys, are fine looking and have gentle man- 
 ners. They are not at all like some of the other races who 
 have dark skins. 
 
 38 
 
Soi:ie Schoola^irls at Hoiiohilu, Iia\caiia)i Islands 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1907, by I'nderiL'ood If I udenimd, Xew York 
 
SKIPPING ROPE IN THE 
 
 SCHOOL- YARD, BARRANQUILLA, 
 
 COLOMBIA 
 
 THESE children live down in South America, but they 
 know how to skip rope, and enjoy it as much as any 
 of you, I'm sure. Colombia, where this school is, 
 was one of the places that Columbus found when he came 
 sailing over this way from Spain. That is why it was called 
 Colombia. And for a long time after that the Spaniards 
 owned it as a colony, so that, even now, though it is a 
 republic, like the United States, there are many Spaniards 
 living there. 
 
 This school, like many others in Colombia, is kept by 
 the nuns of the Roman Catholic Church, for most of the 
 people there are Catholics. 
 
 If you will look on the map of South America you will 
 see that one country next to Colombia is Panama. There 
 the United States Government is building a great canal for 
 ships to go through. When this is made, the ships can pass 
 straight through from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, 
 instead of going away around South America. 
 
 Colombia is what is called a tropical country; that is, it 
 is very near the equator, and has queer wild animals, and 
 beautiful, brilliant flowers and birds. Outside the cities it is 
 difficult to keep telegraph wires in order, because the monkeys 
 use them in their gymnastic exercises! 
 
 40 
 
Skipping Rope in the School-yard, Barranquilla, Colombia 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 190S, by Undenvood Is Undenvood, Wew York 
 
SCHOOL IN CEYLON, SHOWING 
 
 PUPILS, TEACHERS, AND 
 
 SCHOOL-HOUSE 
 
 THIS is a village school in Ceylon, which is a large 
 island in the Indian Ocean, just east of India. It is a 
 strange-looking school-house, to be sure, yet there are 
 several hundred others like it in this island. 
 
 Ceylon is one of the colonies of England, and so these 
 people have learned from the English what a good thing it 
 is to teach their children to read and to write. And though 
 this school-house was built by the natives, there probably 
 would have been no school — and certainly no girls in it — if 
 it were not for the English governor of the island. 
 
 One strange thing about this house is that almost every 
 part of it is made out of one sort of tree — every part, that is, 
 except the low, plastered sides. And it is shaded, too, by 
 the same trees, those tall cocoa-nut palms around it. The 
 posts are made, of course, from the trunk of the palm, and 
 the roof is covered, or " thatched," with palm leaves, all 
 twisted and woven together. Even the strip of matting laid 
 over the joints is made of the braided fibre of the leaves. 
 And then, by way of decoration, they have put a great palm 
 leaf flat down on the front of the roof. They even make 
 their fences, like the one at the right of the house, out of 
 the stalks of the leaves. There isn't much they don't get from 
 these trees, from food and plates to canoes and houses. 
 
 42 
 
The Pupils, Teacher and Schrjol-house of a School in Ceylon 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright by Underwood i^ Underwood, New York 
 
JAPANESE SCHOOL-GIRLS GOING 
 TO A CHERRY FESTIVAL 
 
 JAPANESE girls are quite as eager and ready as Japan- 
 ese boys for a holiday, and these little school-girls are 
 going to have one of the happiest holidays in their whole 
 year. They are on their way to a Cherry-Blossom Festival. 
 At the time of the cherry blossoms, all Japan is fairly pink 
 with them, and the gardens and the country places look as 
 if a fine pink snow had fallen upon their trees. The Japan- 
 ese people are great lovers of flowers and so every year they 
 have special festivals for different kinds of flowers. 
 
 These girls belong, doubtless, to some Mission school, 
 for, as you can see, they have tried to dress themselves in 
 the kind of clothes you wear, though they have made rather 
 a failure of it. The men, who are Japanese too, are all 
 wearing European clothes. See how different they and the 
 school-girls look from the men and girls in the back of the 
 picture. 
 
 The house on the hill is the home of a Japanese Prince. 
 It is more like a European house than houses in Japan usu- 
 ally are, for it is made of stone while the others are of some 
 kind of wood, most often of bamboo. They do not like to 
 build a house that will last very long, because it is an old 
 custom in Japan for the whole family to move out and desert 
 their home when the master of the house has died. This 
 seems a verv strange custom, does it not ? It certainly would 
 be hard for us to follow in America. 
 
 4+ 
 
Children going to a Che?-ry Festival, near Tokyo, Japan 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright by Lhidenvood iff Undenvood, New York 
 
CHINESE GIRLS AT THE Mc- 
 TYEIRE MISSION SCHOOL 
 
 WHAT a strange combination this seems to be, this 
 group of Chinese girls playing croquet, with that 
 modern, English-looking church behind them. 
 But this is Shanghai, China, a city that is full of such mix- 
 tures as this, because more than one-half of the people living 
 there have come from other countries, all over the world. 
 Even the high walls that enclose the city have not kept out 
 these people, for Shanghai is on the sea, and many ships 
 come to it from far-away places. 
 
 This is the playground of a Mission School, which is the 
 only sort of school that Chinese girls can go to, to really 
 learn very much. At home, if they learn to sew and to 
 embroider beautifully, and to cook well, that is all they need 
 to know, except to be modest and gentle and polite. But 
 at this school they learn more than that and, what is better 
 perhaps than anything else, they learn to enjoy outdoor 
 games. At home they are not expected to care about play- 
 ing out of doors or running about. You can see that by the 
 kind of clothes they wear. 
 
 Until very lately the feet of all the little girls in China 
 were kept bound so tight that they were crushed all out of 
 shape, and hurt dreadfully, just because girls were supposed 
 to look prettier with very small feet. But nowadays many 
 of them do not have to have their feet bound ; and of course 
 they are much happier and healthier than formerly. 
 
 46 
 
Chinese Girls at the McTyeire Alission School, Shanghai, China 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright by Undenvood is' Undenvood, Neiv York 
 
NATIVE SCHOOL AT SALTILLO, 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 MANY, many years ago, when the Spaniards wan- 
 dered away from the West India Islands, to see if 
 any other lands were near-by and, if so, what sort 
 of people lived in them, they came upon Mexico. And 
 there they settled and stayed for a long time, making 
 Mexico another of their colonies, because they found mines 
 there, rich in gold and silver. 
 
 The people they found there were called Aztecs, and 
 were probably akin to the American Indian, yet much more 
 civilized than the tribes farther north. The Aztec priests, 
 who were better educated than the rest of the people, knew 
 how to draw and they wrote stories of their kings and heroes 
 and of the battles they won, in queer, rough drawings 
 which look very odd, but which meant as much to them as 
 our writing does to us. 
 
 Most of the people in Mexico, nowadays, are Indians, 
 but there are some from other nations, too, and of course a 
 good many are Spaniards, although long ago Mexico broke 
 away from Spanish rule and became a republic. The boys 
 in the picture are probably partly Indian and partly Spanish. 
 
 There are some curious gardens in Mexico, called "float- 
 ing gardens," because they really do float on the water of the 
 two lakes near the City of Mexico. They are made by pla- 
 cing layers of turf on the thickly matted water growth and 
 then anchoring them with long poles. 
 
 48 
 
A Native School at Sa/ti/lo, Mexico 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 190S, by Underwood i^ Underwood, New York 
 
A DISTRICT SCHOOL IN NEW 
 ENGLAND 
 
 1 DON'T believe there is any kind of school where the 
 children have happier times than in the village schools 
 of New England. Anyhow, men and women who 
 went to one when they were boys and girls always like to 
 tell of the good times they used to have there. 
 
 The children in New England generally have a happy 
 life, outside of school, too, ior they are most ol: them children 
 of farmers; and, even if their fathers have very small farms 
 and work pretty hard to make enough to live on, still the 
 boys and girls enjoy life, for they are not made to work so 
 hard as little German or French or Irish children. 
 
 If their homes are on the sea-coast, as some of them are, 
 perhaps their fathers are sailors or fishermen, and then they 
 have the excitement of watching the boats go out to sea and 
 of looking for them to come back again. 
 
 As you can see, the girls in the nearest group are playing 
 the good old game of " London Bridge," while the boys, of 
 course, are playing ball; for every boy in New England 
 plays ball. 
 
 Probably when these boys and girls are older many of 
 them will go to the larger towns and cities, to earn a living, 
 because the farms do not usually bring in enough money to 
 keep them all at home. For this reason you can see, in 
 almost any part of New England, away from the large towns, 
 farm houses which are empty and deserted. 
 
 50 
 
?**i^^i^fi^ 
 
 Ri'c'i'ss Lit a typical, Coiaitry District School, Neiv England 
 
 From Stereo^riip/i, copyright by I'tiderwood of I ndcnvood, Neiv York 
 
SCHOOL-BOYS DRILLING IN 
 BELEM, SPAIN 
 
 THESE boys are Spanish, too, but they and their school 
 look rather different from the last. That is because 
 this school is a Government school, while the other is 
 one that is supported by charity. These boys look very trim 
 in their quaint uniform, and they are as earnest in their drill- 
 ing as if they were little soldiers, which some of them will 
 be, perhaps, some day. 
 
 It is odd to see any building and courtyard in Spain so 
 bare of flowers and trees as this one, because the Spaniards 
 are very fond of gardens and almost all their houses have 
 some sort of flowers in the open court. But doubtless this 
 is bare so that the boys can have more space to drill in. The 
 most beautiful gardens of Spain are those belonging to the 
 Generalife, a wonderful palace high on the mountain side 
 above the Alhambra. 
 
 But better than almost anything else the Spaniards love 
 an exciting bull fight. It is a cruel sport, sometimes killing 
 the men who are in it, often killing their horses, and always 
 trapping and killing the bull; but the Spanish men will 
 gather in great crowds to watch it. And even the Spanish 
 ladies take great delight in looking on at the horrible butch- 
 ering of the splendid animals. If it were not for the cruelty 
 to all animals that are used in it, a bull fight would be a very 
 beautiful sight, for everyone goes in his most brilliant clothes. 
 But all that does not help the suffering animals. 
 
 52 
 
Drilling iti the School-yard at Bclcni, Spain 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1909, by Undenvood Isf Undenvood, S'eiv York 
 
AMERICAN INDIANS, MOKI 
 COUNTRY 
 
 OF course, you know the old story of Columbus calling 
 the people he found in America, Indians, because 
 he thought the islands he landed on were close to 
 India? Well, they have always been called that, since then, 
 though nowadays they are very different, in most ways, from 
 the wild, savage people that Columbus saw. 
 
 When the first English settlers made their homes in 
 America, they had pretty hard times fighting with — or try- 
 ing to make friends of — the Indians. But little by little the 
 white people became more numerous and more powerful, 
 until now the Indians have been compelled for some time to 
 live on reservations, or plots of land in a few of the Western 
 and Southern States, set aside for them by the Government. 
 This is one of those reservations, and this tribe of Indians are 
 called Mokis. 
 
 These Indians are taught by the white people to read 
 and write and speak English. They encourage them, also, 
 to do the things that their people have always done so well, 
 that is, basket weaving and pottery making. And some of 
 these perhaps, will go from here to one of the splendid 
 schools for Indians at Hampton, Virginia, or Carlisle, Penn- 
 sylvania. When they have studied there, a few of them will 
 go back to their own tribe and teach them and help them to 
 become civilized. The Indians have had a pretty hard life 
 of it, however, since white men came to America. 
 
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SCHOLARS AT RECREATION, 
 FILANTROPICA, ECUADOR 
 
 THIS looks like a fine place to play in, doesn't it ? 
 Well, the Spaniards are as fond of playing as the 
 Japanese, and they always build their houses with an 
 open court, like this, in the middle of them, so that they can 
 sit out of doors and their children can play without going 
 out into the public streets. 
 
 Now, this is not in Spain, but in Ecuador, South 
 America, which used to belong to Spain, and has a great 
 many people of Spanish blood living in it, now. So they 
 build their houses as nearly as they can like those in Spain — 
 even their schoolhouses. 
 
 The name Ecuador is the Spanish name for equator. 
 Can you not guess how the country got that name ? Look 
 on your map of South America, and you will see the line of 
 the equator passing right through Ecuador. Then you will 
 understand that it must be a very hot country. And so it 
 is, except on the slopes of the mountains, which are very, 
 very high. Many of these are volcanoes, and one, Cotopaxi, 
 is the highest volcano in the world. If you should go to 
 Quito, the capital of Ecuador, you could see as many as 
 eleven snow-capped volcanoes all at once. That doesn't 
 mean, however, that they are all near by, for they are so high 
 that you can see them many miles away. But the scenery is 
 not the only fine thing in Ecuador, for several of its cities are 
 large and beautiful. 
 
 56 
 
Scbool-cbildrcn in the Coin-t of La Socicdad, Filantropica, Ecuador 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright, 1907, hy Vndenvood of Undencood, Neiv York 
 
THE JESUIT SCHOOL OF SALEMI, 
 
 SICILY 
 
 HOW would you like to go to school in a palace? 
 That is what these children do, though they don't 
 look very much like princesses or the sort of people 
 who generally live in palaces. They are little Sicilians, 
 which means that they live on the beautiful island of Sicily, 
 so close to Italy that some of these children are Italians; and 
 they all speak a language that is a sort of Italian — a very bad 
 sort, the people who live in Rome will tell you. 
 
 Once upon a time, hundreds of years ago, some people 
 called Normans — of the same race that went to England and 
 conquered the Saxons there — landed on the island of Sicily 
 and took possession of a large part of it. This old palace is 
 one that these Normans built, so you may know it is very 
 old. But when it was deserted, and no one cared to use it 
 as a palace any longer, the Jesuits took it for a school. 
 
 Perhaps you are wondering who the Jesuits are.? Well, 
 they are priests of the Roman Catholic Church — belonging 
 to a society called the Society of Jesus — and their special 
 work is to teach. After they have spent a certain number 
 of years in studying and preparation, they go about, preach- 
 ing and teaching and, as here, taking care of some school. 
 Some of these boys will probably become Jesuit priests when 
 they grow up, and may be sent half way round the world 
 by their order. These priests have done much in exploring 
 and civilizing new lands, the world over. 
 
 58 
 
The yesiiit School of Salcmi, Sicily 
 
 From Suret>zmp/t, copyright, 1905, by Undenvood l3' Vnderwood, Kau York 
 
THE ROYAL TECHNICAL 
 SCHOOL, PALERMO, SICILY 
 
 THIS is another school in Sicily, but this one is only for 
 boys and they have to study very hard indeed, to 
 learn to be mechanics or engineers of various kinds. 
 
 Although Sicily is a very beautiful island — perhaps the 
 most beautiful in the world — it is not altogether a safe place 
 to live in, because the great volcano, Etna, is there, and no 
 one can tell when it will pour out its fire and burning lava, 
 and destroy the towns round about. 
 
 Still, people do live there, and very near Etna. Indeed, 
 the people who live nearest to that great smoking mountain 
 seem to love it, even while they fear its terrible power. 
 They have many wonderful stories about Etna, and they say 
 of it, "Etna is a king, and the mountains round about kneel 
 before him, and do not dare to lift their eyes to his face." 
 The peasants call it also Mongibello, which means the beau- 
 tiful mountain; for they think it the greatest mountain in 
 the world. At any rate, to drive around it would take you 
 three whole days, and even to ride up to the top and down 
 again would take the same time. There are sixty-three 
 towns on its sides, and fourteen great forests. 
 
 In one part of Sicily, but on the other side of the island 
 from where these boys live, there was a terrible earthquake, 
 not very long ago, and Messina, one of Sicily's most beautiful 
 towns, was entirely destroyed, while thousands of people were 
 killed and more made homeless. 
 
 60 
 
Teacher and Pupils of the Royal Technical School, Palermo, Sicily 
 
 From Stereosraph, copyright, 1909, by Undenvood i5" Underwood, New York 
 
JAMAICA PICKANINNIES GOING 
 TO SCHOOL 
 
 JAMAICA is still another of the West India Islands but, 
 unlike Cuba and Porto Rico, it is a possession of 
 England and so belongs to the British West Indies. 
 For many, many years the Spaniards owned Jamaica, because 
 Columbus had found it and taken it for Spain. But later 
 the English conquered the Spanish and drove them out. 
 
 In the meantime, however, the Spaniards had been rais- 
 ing cotton and sugar-cane and coffee, on great plantations 
 and, to grow these, they were compelled — or thought they 
 were — to get negro slaves from Africa. That is why you 
 see all these little pickaninnies in the road; for the people 
 who lived in Jamaica when the Spaniards first went there 
 were not negroes but much like American Indians. 
 
 These children are not slaves, though, nor are their 
 fathers and mothers, because the English set all the negroes 
 free a long while ago. Many of their fathers and mothers 
 do work on the plantations. But some have little cabins 
 and a few fields of their own and of course they work on 
 these. These boys probably help, too, out of school hours. 
 
 The schools in Jamaica are not very fine. There are a 
 good many of them, but there are very few schoolhouses. 
 School is generally held in some church building and man- 
 aged by the minister. 
 
 Jamaica is a great health resort and many people go to 
 it every winter, attracted by its beautiful climate and flowers. 
 
 62 
 
Jd//iaica Pickaninnies on their icay to School 
 
 From Sh-reograph, copyright by Undenimd ^ Uiidi-nvood, Neiv York 
 
MUNICIPAL SCHOOL AT MANILA 
 
 THE Philippine Islands, also, once belonged to Spain. 
 You will think, no doubt, that Spain hasn't much 
 left of all the land she used to own as colonies and 
 indeed she is not nearly so great a power as she once was. 
 
 While the United States were at war with Spain, trying 
 to help Cuba to become free, a United States admiral, Dewey, 
 fought a battle in Manila Bay and took the islands away 
 from Spain. So, now, the Filipinos are American citizens, 
 though they are even farther away across the Pacific Ocean 
 from the United States than the Hawaiians are. 
 
 Since the Philippine Islands became part of the United 
 States, they have an American governor and there are a great 
 many American schools there, so that the children of "the 
 little brown people" are learning many things that their 
 fathers and mothers never dreamed of knowing. 
 
 They are called the "little brown people" because, even 
 when they are grown men and women, they are very short 
 and you know already why they are brown — because they 
 belong to the races that live on the islands in the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 Manila, where this school is, is really very much like 
 other cities, because it has been for so long a busy and im- 
 portant port. There are still a great many Spaniards living 
 in the city, and one thing that they particularly like to do 
 is to go to cock-fights. These they have, perhaps, in place 
 of the bull-fights, which most Spanish people enjoy so greatly. 
 
 64 
 
Pupils and Teachers of a Municipal School, Manila, Philippine Islands 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright hy Undenvood is' Underwood, Neiv York 
 
SCHOOL-CHILDREN AT LAM- 
 POUL, FRANCE 
 
 OF course, there are many different kinds of French 
 children,] ust as there are many kinds of English or of 
 American children. These boys and girls are French 
 peasants, that is, their fathers are poor and have to work very, 
 very hard for a living. Some of these w^omen w^ith their 
 odd-looking white caps — like night-caps — may be the teach- 
 ers, but more likely they are all mothers of some of these 
 little urchins. 
 
 France is a bright, sunny country, and the children are a 
 happy-hearted lot, though the peasants have about as hard a 
 life as the poorer people in Ireland. They all love their 
 country, however, and no matter how hard a time they are 
 having, they seldom leave it for any other. 
 
 Paris, the capital of France, is one of the very beautiful 
 cities of the world, with its many wonderful buildings and 
 parks and gardens, its " pinnacles and spires and gorgeously 
 gilded domes," its great palaces, the Louvre, the Tuilleries, 
 and the Luxembourg, where the French kings and queens 
 used to dwell, in the times when France had kings. Now, 
 you know, it is a republic and has a President, like the United 
 States. These palaces are chiefly museums now, but are 
 among the most famous museums in the world. In them are 
 not only many beautiful pictures but also jewels, rare pieces 
 of china and bronze and wonderful tapestries, many of them 
 captured in the wars that France has had with other nations. 
 
 66 
 

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 -^ 
 
CHILDREN OF THE AVE MARIA 
 CHARITY SCHOOL 
 
 WE'VE been hearing a good deal about other countries 
 that belong, or once did belong, to Spain. Now 
 here is a school in Spain itself, and more than 
 that, in Granada, one of the most famous and beautiful of 
 Spanish cities, and at one time, long ago, a very powerful 
 and splendid one. 
 
 Yet the schools there are few and very poor, and many 
 of the boys and girls do not go to school at all. 
 
 Some have said that the name of Granada meant "pome- 
 granate," because so many pomegranate trees grow there. 
 But it more probably means "the hill of strangers," for the 
 city is built partly on level ground and partly on two hills. 
 
 On one of these hills, when the city was in its glory, was 
 a strong fortress, called the Alcazaba, and on the other was 
 the wonderful Alhambra, a royal palace and castle, with great 
 gilded halls and beautiful courts, gardens and fountains, about 
 which so many stories and songs have been written. 
 
 This palace was the dwelling of the Moorish kings when 
 Granada was in the possession of the Moors and, later, the 
 Christian kings lived there for a while. But now it is deserted 
 and much of it is in ruins. Yet it is so beautiful still, that 
 no one who goes to Spain would want to miss seeing it. 
 
 The true Spaniards are a very proud race and look back 
 on the days of their power with silent regret but they are very 
 courteous people and exceedingly hospitable. 
 
 68 
 
Boys and Girls of the Ave Maria Charity School, Granada, Spain 
 
 From Stereograph , copyright by Vndenvood bf Undenvood, Neiv York 
 
A HIGH SCHOOL, JON KOPING, 
 SWEDEN 
 
 IT is a long jump from Sicily to Sweden, as you will find 
 if you will look on your map ot Europe. Sicily is away 
 down in the south and Sweden is almost as far north as 
 you can go, in Europe. And I think you will see, from this 
 picture, that there is just as great a difference between the 
 people of those two countries. The Sicilians are rather small, 
 dark-haired, olive-skinned and dark-eyed. They are slow 
 and easy-going, but hot-tempered, too; while the Swedes are 
 tall and large and very fair, and are a brisk, energetic race. 
 Perhaps one has to be energetic, living in so cold a country 
 as Sweden and in Sicily, where it is so warm most of the time, 
 one cannot well be very active. 
 
 The Swedish children have fine schools and a great many 
 of them, so there is no excuse for their staying at home. 
 Besides, the schools are all free, from those for very little folk 
 up to the great universities, so that every one in Sweden 
 ought to be well educated. 
 
 The country next to Sweden is Norway; and you used 
 always to speak or read of them as Sweden and Norway — 
 always both together as if they were just one country. Well, 
 they were almost the same as one country, until a few years 
 ago. Then the people of Norway, who had never liked very 
 well to be ruled by the Swedish King, broke away and 
 appointed a king of their own. But they did it all very 
 peacefully, not at all as Sicilians would have done, 
 
 70 
 
-:/ High-school at Jon Kopiiig, S-ice^/en 
 
 Frofri Sureogmp/i, copyright by Vndenvood y Vndcnvood, Ktiv York 
 
AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOL: A 
 LESSON IN PENMANSHIP 
 
 IN most parts of America the public schools are rather 
 different from those in England, because the boys 
 and girls that go to them are not those from poor 
 families only — at least, outside ot the large cities. 
 
 In the early days of New England, when the English 
 colonists began to make their homes there, the first thing they 
 did, after putting up their rude little log cabins, was to build 
 some kind of a church; then the very next building to go 
 up was the school house, for the Puritans were determined 
 that their children should not grow up without an education, 
 even if they were far away from civilized lands. 
 
 All that was many, many years ago, but nowadays there 
 is scarcely the smallest, poorest country district that has not 
 some sort of a school. In the mountains of Tennessee they can 
 only have school during the spring and summer, because the 
 weather is so bad, during the winter, that the pupils can't get 
 to the school house and there you will find great boys, almost 
 grown, learning to read and write, in the same class with the 
 very small children. This school, however, is evidently a 
 model one, and is probably in some large town or city. 
 
 American children, either in the city or the country, have 
 a much happier time of it than the children ot most other 
 countries; for, except when their parents are very poor and 
 have to live in the crowded tenements of a big city, they are 
 better cared for and are more free to play as they please. 
 
 72 
 
A Lesson />/ Pcn/iuu!ship, typical American Public School 
 From Stereograph, copyright 190S, by Underwood isf Underwood, New York 
 
LONDON DAY SCHOOL-A CHEM- 
 ISTRY CLASS 
 
 HERE is another school in London, but these boys are 
 a bit older than those in the playground, and they are 
 very attentive, just now, to the experiment which 
 their teacher is performing for them. Perhaps some of them 
 hope to become scientists, some day, or perhaps only druggists, 
 but druggists, of course, have need of a thorough knowledge 
 of chemistry. At any rate, they are all boys of poor families, 
 and will have to work hard to earn a living when they grow up. 
 
 The great river Thames, on either side of which the city 
 is built, flows directly from London to the sea, and thus makes 
 it almost as much of a port as if it were on the seacoast. If 
 you should stand on Westminster Bridge, which is the largest 
 and the oldest but one crossing the river, at any time of the 
 day, you would see the great barges plying back and forth, 
 carrying all sorts of freight into and out of the city. 
 
 Of course, as London is the chief city of England, the 
 king and queen live there during a part of the year, in Buck- 
 ingham Palace. 
 
 There are so many famous buildings in London that I 
 could not begin to tell you of them — Westminster Abbey, 
 where the tombs of all the kings and queens and of many 
 famous men of England are; the Tower of London, where so 
 many royal prisoners have been cruelly kept, but which is not 
 now used as a prison; the House of Parliament; the British 
 Museum; and ever so many others. 
 
 74 
 
u 
 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
A LONDON DAY SCHOOL, IN 
 THE PLAYGROUND 
 
 CAN'T you fairly hear the noise these children are 
 making? They are evidently having a good time 
 during their play-hour. This is probably the happiest 
 hour of the day for most of them; for the London day schools 
 are wholly for the children of the poorer people, children who 
 play in the streets or not at all, except when they can romp 
 here in the school playground. 
 
 Many of these day schools were founded by the churches, 
 and are still kept up by them. One of the most famous is 
 called Christ's Hospital. This is for boys only, and it is 
 commonly known as the Blue Coat School, because all the 
 boys wear long, dark-blue coats tightly buttoned across their 
 chests, like priests' frocks and flapping about their ankles as 
 they walk or run. These queer coats have been the uniform 
 of that school for hundreds of years. 
 
 London is a great big city, as you well know — one of the 
 largest in the world — but it is not laid out so carefully or on 
 such straight lines as Paris. It has grown, first one way and 
 then another, for so many, many years, that now its streets 
 are confused and winding. Many of its beautiful buildings 
 are crowded so closely that you cannot see them as they 
 should be seen at all. Yet there is hardly anyone who really 
 knows London, who does not love it better than any other 
 city. London has many fine parks where people can wander 
 as they will and where there are no signs " Keep off the grass." 
 
 76 
 
^ 
 
 i5 
 
AN AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL 
 IN EGYPT 
 
 THIS school belongs to an American Mission in Egypt, in 
 an old town beside the Nile, one of the largest rivers 
 in the world. In most school-rooms I doubt if you 
 would find the pupils studying so diligently, when a strange 
 photographer comes to take their picture. 
 
 It is a queer-looking school-room, isn't it ? — on the roof 
 of a house, right in the dazzling sunlight. You would think 
 the boys' eyes would ache. And, indeed, the sun is so very 
 bright in Egypt, and the light on the desert sands and on the 
 white buildings in the towns is so glaring that a great many 
 boys and girls are made blind by it. 
 
 It would seem strange, too, wouldn't it, to have such 
 small boys as those in front studying in the same room with 
 big grown men ? But there are so lew schools in Egypt that 
 men and boys have to go to the same school, or else they 
 could not learn at all. 
 
 The school is divided into classes, each class forming a 
 circle, and instead of having chairs and desks, the pupils sit 
 cross-legged on the floor, because that is the way they 
 always sit at home. Their teachers are Egyptian men who 
 have learned English in this same school, and are now help- 
 ing to teach these boys and men, who are all so eager to 
 learn to read and write and speak English. They teach 
 them arithmetic and a little geography too, and something 
 about our Bible, so that they may become Christians. 
 
A71 American Mission School for Boys at Assiut, on the Nile, Egypt 
 
 From Stereograph, copyright iy Underwood Is' Underwood, Xeiu Tori 
 

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