iSlii T 335 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Cliap........ Copyright No. ShelLUlil^ 4^5^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. V AMERICAN PATENT AGENCY. (HOME OFFICE.^ O. J. BATLEY, Manager, 73 W. Fifth St., CINCINNATI. O. This entire building except store room is occupied by us. ,,..^-^j3!^^. ^'"ciau^ti, 0^^°- HE "nyentor's Manual How TO Procure ai^jd Sell Patents. Containing Practical Suggestions for the Benefit of Inventors and Patentees, — TOGETHER WITH Valuable Tables of Useful Information for All Trades and Professions. Copyrighted 1879. • " 1895. /^nj Ctf^ \ PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN PATENT AGENCY, No. 73 WEST FIFTH STREET, CINCINNATI, O. CONTENTS. Page. Reasons Why Inventors Should Procure their Pat- ents Through the American Patent Agency 1 Correspondents : : 1 PATENT SOLICITING DEPAKTMENT . Explanatory— Our Facilities, Rules, Etc 2 Business Confidential 2 Contingent Fees 2 Preparations of Claims 2 Models, Etc 2 Description of Your Device 2 Our Facilities 2 Guarantees, Etc 3 Preliminary Examinations 3 Free Advertisements 3 Washington Associate 3 Consulting Experts 3 Broad Claims ^. 4 Classes and Subjects 4 Agricultural 4 Metallurgy and Metal Working 4 Arms, Projectiles and Navy Appliances 4 Engineering 4 Milling 4 Electricity 4 Mechanical Devices 4 Railway Appliances, Etc 5 Hydraulics 6 Pneumatics 5 Chemistry 5 Who May Obtain a Patent 5 Joint Inventors 5 What Will Bar a Patent 5 What Constitutes Invention 5 Instructions— Mode of Proceeding to Obtain a Pat- ent 6 The Application— Cost ti Model Requirements fi Drawings 7 The Specification 7 The Claims 8 Caveats 8 Patents for Designs , 8 Proceedings for Design Patents 9 Trade Marks 9 Term of Trade Mark 9 Interferences 9 Reissues 10 Importance of Reissues 10 Disclaimers H Appeals 11 Registration of Prints and Labels 11 Copyrights 12 Canadian Patents 12 Term of Canadian Patents 13 Application for Canadian Patents 13 Manufacturing Patents in Canada 13 Cost of Canadian Patent 13 Application After Issue of Foreign Patent 13 Piovisional Protection 13 Expiry with Foreign Patents 13 ShipmQ,nt of Models 13 Foreign Patents 14 American Inventions Abroad 14 Charges for Applications 14 Great Britaiij 14 France and Algeria , 14 Belgium 14 Austria and Hungary 14 Germany 15 Italy 15 Russia 15 Spain 15 Denmark and Iceland 15 Sweden 15 Norway 15 Portugal and Colonies 15 British India 15 Greece 15 Mexico 16 Switzerland 16 New Zealand 16 Page. Victoria 16 New South Wales 16 Queensland 16 South Australia.. 16 Western Australia 16 Tasmania 16 Summary of United States Patent Fees and Attor- ney's Fees 16 Rules Governing Patents Which Every Applicant Should Know 17 Note on Foreign Applications 18 PATENT selling DEPARTMENT. Sales Department 19 Legitimate Agencies 19 Investigating Patent Brokers 20 Selection of Patents 20 High Estimates by Agencies 20 Age of Patents 21 Straightforward Representatian 21 The Cause of Prejudice Against Patents 21 The First Step 21 WhatShall Be Done with the Patent? 21 Management 21 Inducing Capitalists 22 How Value is Produced 22 The Value of Patents 22 How to Gain Publicity 22 The Surest Way to Proceed 22 How to Sell Patents , 23 Energy Required 23 Inventors Not Salesmen 23 Professional Advisers 23 Unprofitable Advice 24 Inexperienced Inventors 24 Characteristics of Salesmen 24 Inventing and Selling 24 Poor Inventors 25 New Patents Most Valuable 25 Age Impairs Value 25 Location Important 25 County Rights 25 Personal Solicitation Most Eff'ective 25 Reliable Salesmen 25 Suggestions as to Price*. 26 TimeRequired 26 Power of Attorney 26 Our Terms for Undertaking the Sale of Patents 26 Commission on Sales : 27 Mode of Procedure 27 Models 27 Suggestions for Transacting Business 28 Guides for Estimating the Value of Patents 28 Table Upon Which to Base Estimates 29 Cincinnati as a Patent Center 30 Patent Forms , ,S2 Assignment of Entire Interest Before Issue of the Patent 32 Assignment of Entire Interest in Letters Patent... 33 Assignment of Undivided Interest in Letters Pat- ent 33 Assignment of Territorial Interest After Grant of Patent 33 License— Shop Right 34 License— Not Exclusive— With Royalty 34 Transfer of a Trade Mark 34 Prices for Printed Patent Blanks 34 Engravings 35 Testimonials 35 State Laws Regulating Stock Companies 37 Insignificant Origin of Great Works 39 Chronological History of Discovery and Progress... 40 Valuable Information 41 Business Laws in Brief 41 Valueof Foreign Money on a Gold Basis 41 Tables of Weightsand Measures 41 The Metric System of Weights and Measures 42 Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre 43 Scientific Items of Interest 43 How to Remove Tin from Copper Vessels 43 Names and Addresses of Parties for Whom this Agency Has Lately Procured Patents 44 EEASOStS WHY IKVEKTOES SHOULD PROCURE THEIR PATENTS — THROUGH THE — American Patent Agency. 1. The location of the Home Office is central, and it has, in addition, an Associ- ate Office in Washington, by means of which the business is personally attended to before the Patent Office. 2. This Agency employs only experienced solicitors and draughtsmen to prepare cases; the gentleman having charge of the Soliciting Department is an attorney of raany years' practice before the Office. 3. It has a complete record of all patents issued, from the inception of the Pat- ent Office, showing the state of the art in any class, for aid in raaking preliminary examinations and in preparing new cases. 4. It publishes in the columns of The Wokld's Pbogbess a full description of patents obtained through this Agency, free of charge, when desired by the patentee 5. It makes no additional charge for preliminary examination; and in no case will charges for extras be demanded, however arduous the labor, except in cases of appeal. 6.. It renders the best service for the most moderate fees, and does not claim to have facilities at the Patent Office other than are possessed by all reliable firms. 7. We employ a staff of consultants in the various branches of art and science, in order to give our clients the benefit of the best talent in preparing applications for patents. 8. It has a Special Department — the largest in this country — for the introduc- tion and sale of patents, and has in its charge over forty branch offices located in the principal cities of the Union, besides hundreds of corresponding agents who are ready to take charge of any business assigned to them. CORRESPONDENTS Should bear in mind that we are always ready and willing to answer inquiries re- lating to inventions and patents. For this we make no charge ; but we are frequently called upon to devote time and labor on communications which are supposed to be of benefit to our correspondents only. The simple matter of courtesy dictates that at least a stamp should be inclosed for return answer, and we are compelled, here- after, to notice only such correspondents as recognize in some degree the value of our time. PLEHSE NOTICE. There are numbers of inventors and patentees who, regardless of our advertised terms and methods of doing business, keep sending offers of interest in their patents to place them on the market, or interest in their ideas to procure a patent, and who also propose to pay the printing bills, etc., out of the first sale, paying no attention to our oft repeated declaration that we will in no case deviate from our terms. We would respectfully notify all concerned that we have no time nor disposition to at- tend to such correspondence, and we therefore notify patentees generally that it is useless to trouble us with their models or correspondence unless they are willing and prepared to do business with us according to our terms as submitted, which are equitable and based upon business principles. (1) THE inventor's MANUAL. EXPLANATORY. OUR FACILITIES, RULES, ETC. Business (EonftbenttaL All business will be strictly confidential, and every case receive prompt attention. entors riot Salesmen. Not every one is competent to sell patents. It is a business requiring peculiar tal- ent and kno-wledge, and it is no argument to say tliat, because a man is a good in- ventor, he is therefore a good salesman. Indeed, the testimony of patentees, with few exceptions, is that patents are hard to dispose of at remunerative rates. There- fore, in looking over this vast branch of industry, and recognizing its great defect, we are led to the conclusion that a suitable agency, yirough which inventors can transact their business, is desirable, by which they may be enabled to bring tlieir inventions to the notice of capitalists more favorably than by mere private means. When an inventor obtains a patent, the first query in his mind is : How shall I sell it ? Professional 2lbr»isers. Patentees, as a class, have been in the habit of receiving more prolific and gratuitous advice tlian any other class of people in the country. As a result of this advice, the simple question, "How?" is further than ever from them, as a practical reality. 24 THE inventor's manual. A set of professional advisers are ever ready to dish up stereotyped answers, while they, upon investigation, are generally found to be as inexperienced as those to whom they seek to impart wisdom. There are men always ready to say how a thing should be done, but are unable to do it themselves. Mills can write a logical and elaborate essay on the economy of wealth, but is unable to audit his own butcher's and baker's bills. Some of the no- blest sentiments of purity were conceived and fashioned by Edgar A. Poe, but the memory of them is the only monument over the grave of the inebriate poet. Unprofitable ^Ibnice. We can conceive how such things may be possible, but, after all is said, it becomes * necessary that the man to whom this advice is given should be capable of performing the task. The veriest spendthrift may be able to tell you that economy is the road to wealth, but unless you have the mental capacity to economize, you may be as un- fortunate as your spendthrift adviser. It may be good advice to say that the only way to sell a patent is to put it on the market, get customers for it, and — sell, (If any other method has ever been proposed by these professional advisers, we have yet to see it.) But patentees want to know how to place their inventions on the market, and how to get customers. 3Tiej-pemnceb ^nvzntots. Many inventors, through lack of experience, are not acquainted with the channels of the patent trade, and are often misled by designing persons to intrust their inven- tions into the hands of incompetent men. The result is, months and years pass away and nothing feasible is done in the way of bringing the invention to public notice. Our first proposition is, that to be a good salesman, a knowledge of the business is necessary ; and, in the second place, practical experience and tact. These two ele- ments, theory and practice, are indispensable. This fact applies to every branch of trade, and is so apparent that to argue it would be useless. Cl^aractensttcs of Saksmen. Suppose we compare the characteristics of two good salesmon, in any line of busi- ness. In the case of dne, his method may be plausible and confiding, minute in de- tail and careful in representation. He seeks to win rather by force of reason than by taking advantage of circumstances. He is an apt judge of human nature, pliable enough to fit the exact mold of his customer, and politely persuasive. The other is bold and independent, reckless in assertion, and apparently averse to the confidence of others. The small matters of detail are too insignificant for his attention. Bra- vado is more effective, because used more naturally. Cunning is one of his charac- teristics, and frankness the best cloak for it. It would be an utter iinpossibility for either of these men to assume and play the role of the other. Both are good sales- men ; but we desire to impress the idea that each man has his peculiarity of temper- ament._ This constitutes his "tact, and, when properly combined with e:^iperience, will succeed in making a good salesman of any man who has the two essential elements — patience and perseverance. 3ncenttng anb Selling! Now, we ask, how many patentees have the qualifications we have described ? The business of selling patents is an entirely different thing from producing inventions. It is folly to say that because a man is a good inventor, he is therefore a good sales- man. The experience of so many patentees has, we think, fully demonstrated this fallacy. We are candid in the opinion when we say that the only way inventors can secure the reward for their ingenuity is to intrust the sale of their patents to some good, responsible party to secure negotiations. It will generally be found to be less expensive to them in the end, and avoid endless trouble and annoyance. THE inventor's manual. 25 Poor ^nv^ntovs. We are aware that the great body of inventors are poor; therefore not in a position to visit the leading manufacturers, and come in contact with moneyed men, who would invest in some staple patent. Advertising alone will accomplish nothing, un- less backed up by persistent and consistent representation. We, therefore, take ad- vantage of both these methods, believing them to be the only safe and reliable means to. successfully introduce inventions. rieu) patents ZHost ValnahU, We here urge what we have often repeated to investors, that the most valuable time to place a patent on the market is during the first year after its issue, and we firmly believe that nine-tenths of the patents profitably disposed of, are those which were energetically handled during that period. The reason for this is apparent. New in- ventions are constantly being brought to public notice, and so abundant is the oppor- tunity, and so large the field for improvement, that no inventor can feel himself safe in the fancied monopoly of any particular sphere of ingenuity. 2lgc ^mipaixs Value, From the fact that capitalists are prone to look with distrust upon patents of two and three years' standing, and it is natural that they should, when we consider that in the business world men are generally captivated by those articles which command the readiest sale, time always being regarded an important consideration in selec- tions for business operations. Cocatton 3^portant. The patentee, in the majority of cases, Is not in a favorable location to transact the business pertaining to his invention. Our large manufacturing marts are generally conceded to be the most desirable, in a business point of view, and this applies with equal force in the selection of a market for a patent. In many cases, however, pat- ents are more easily disposed of in locations suited to the development of the particu- lar branch of industry to which the invention pertains. CountY Htgl|ts Hot Solb. We do not refer to that particular class of patents that are sold in country neighbor- hoods, among farmers and others, for farm, township, shop, or county rights. We have no time or means to "huckster" rights in that way. We seldom sell less than a State right, and we consider no proposition from parties who desire us to sell in that manner. There are parties who make it a specialty to "farm out" patents, to whom we sell rights in a body, and who are generally designated among patent men as "small brokers." Personal Solicitation ZlTost effective. No system of selling patents is effective that does not use, as its chief means, the agency of Personal Solicitation. As before intimated, this, in connection with a ju- dicious system of advertising, is the only reliable method by which a patent can be speedily disposed of. Recognizing these two means as the index to a successful agency, we employ them to the exclusion of all others ; and to fully carry out the i)laii indicated, we have fitted up our office for the exhibition of all patents intrusted to our care, where they can be readily inspected by customers. We employ competent and Reliable Salesmen For the purpose of fully presenting the merits of the different inventions on exhibi- tion, and to whom are Intrusted the details of all patents in their various depart- ments. We also employ trustworthy agents, whose business it is to personally solicit 2(T THE inventor's manual. sales in various parts of the country, and who distribute circulars among that class of people most likely to invest in patents. To do this judiciously and with advantage to the patentee, as well as to ourselves, requires prudence a nd a thorough knowledge of the business in hand. We, therefore, select only such men have proved them- selves, by association and experience, to be fully competent. Siigaesttons as to prices. "NVe here desire to allude to one great error into which many inventors are liable to fall, and which frequently precludes all chances of sales. There are those who insist upon placing too high a price upon their patents. They fail to see that other people do not always look upon patents m the same light as they do themselves. They con- ceive fabulous prices, upon which they hang their hopes and fail to be guided by the experience of others. Misfortunes overtake their eager longing for sudden wealth, and they are at last doomed to bitter disappointment. We warn our friends against this course. You can afford to be reasonable with the products of your ingenuity. Frankly speaking, that era in our mechanical history which yields its hundreds of thousands and its millions for a single xaatent has passed away. We have just en- tered the threshold of a new period, in which inventors will be more generally re- warded, and the world at large derive more substantial benefits. In view of the fact . that a patent is often placed at a prohibitive price, we have resolved not to undertake the sale of a i^atent unless at such prices as we may deem it reasonably certain that a sale can be effected within the specified time. It is true that there are numbers of parties, all over the country, who profess to be able to sell everything that is brought to them. If they are practical men, and have a knowledge of the business, common honesty will tell them that it is an im- possibility. Any man who will undertake the sale, careless as to price and regardless of the nature of the patent, is either a novice in the business or is unworthy of your confidence. Deal only with well known and reliable parties. Such firms have a repu- tation at stake, and are interested, as well as yourselves, in doing justice. Ctme Kequtreb. The usual time for which we make contracts is ninety days. Iifsome instances sales can be effected in less time, but Ave take no contract for less than ninety days, unless for special reasons, because we do not believe any one can of a certainty thoroughly work up sales within a shorter period to an advantage. We aim to obtain the high- est possible prices, and to do that requires time. Porter of 2IttorucY. We do not ask for, nor will we accept, a power of attorney. W^hen sales are made, the deeds, jDroperly drawn up, will ))e sent to the patentees, who will then sign them and return to us per express, C. O. D., that is, collecting on delivery the specified mount in the deed, after deducting our commission from the amount of the sale. Bi/ this-2ylan patentees ivill at aH times have entire control of their own interests. We do not insist upon being made sole agents of the patentee, but he is permitted to. make any arrangement independent of us. OUR TERMS FOR UNDERTAKING THE SALE OF PATENTS. We charge no advance fee for imaginary services, and have always aimed to in- troduce patents at the least possible expense to patentees. As every patentee knows,, good ])usiness management is necessary to i)roiierly introduce any patent, however THK inventor's MANUAL. 27 valuable it may be. One of the most important step.s to insure success is the printing and proper distribution bf descriptions relating to the invention. Capitalists and speculators must be hunted up and appealed to, and they can be found only through a wide cast distribution of circulars or other printed matter, in connection with a thoroughly organized system of personal solioitation by j^ractical salesmen. This will make the introduction and sale of patents an accomplished fact, if it can be done at all. To employ these men requires a cash outlay, which is met by our commission on safles, and which expense we in no instance require patentees to pay. When we add to this the cost of model ti'ansportation and exi^ense for stamps, clerk hire, rent and other incidentals too numerous to mention, it is plain that the introduction of a new invention, in such a manner as to attract the attention of capitalists in all parts of the country, must necessarily be attended with a lai'ge cash outlay before a single sale is effected, and with all the risk of failure or success upon our shoulders. For a single individual to command such facilities, operating with only a single article, would, at the start, require a larger sum of money than could be obtained for the whole patent. In view of the fact that, even with the facilities at our command, we can not bring the attention of capitalists and speculators to our patents without circulars or other means, we therefore expect inventors to pay for the necessary printing, and also for such descriptions as will enable us to properly place the patent in the market, here and elsewhere. The cost for printing such circulars and descrip- tions will be given on application, and in no case will other charges be made for services except the Commission on Sales. Our commission on sales effected will not be more than 15 percent, which, although low, taking into consideration the attendant expense, will enable the inventor to put his patent on the market in a cheaper, more expeditious and safer manner than at any time in the jaast. An extended experience has taught us that no reliable agency can negotiate sales for less than 15 percent, unless under specially advantageous con- ditions, and we will not consider propositions from parties at a less rate. If parties are not willing to put their patents on the market in such a manner as to insure success, we do not wish to deal with them. We are ever willing to make our corajyensation contingent upon our success, but we are not willing to pay for the cost of printing in addition to the still greater expense of agents' salaries and expenses, since the circulars will be at the command of the patentees themselves, and the ad- vantages of these circulars finally accrue to their benefit, whether only one State is sold, or one-half of the States 21To^e of procedure. If you desire to put your patent in our hands for sale, s^nd us the drawings and specifications of your invention, if you have one, stating the amount you ask for the invention, by States and as a whole. Upon receipt we will examine the same, and if we think it an undesirable invention to j^lace in the market, we will return the drawings and specification. If we consider the invention feasible, and think the figures are too high, we shall take the liberty to suggest such prices as experience has taught us to be most reasonable. If satisfactory to you, we will then send you duplicate copies of contract for signature, upon receipt of which you will sign both of them, retain- ing one and sending the otlier to us, and we will at once take the necessary steps to put the patent into the market. models In all cases where you nave a model, or more than one, send them to us. We can always make quicker and more satisfactory sales by having an article on exhibition. Many inventions absolutely require a model for representation before a sale can be effected. All mod(4s must l)e sent to us expressage prepaid; otherwise we will not 28 THE inventor's manual. receive them. We do not belong to that class of agents who can make sales without models, and where parties will furnish us a number, we can use them to good advan- tage. These models are held by us or our agents subject to the order of the patentee, and we will, at any time after the expiration of the contract, return them. It is the aim of the office to use the models with care and discretion, and agents are so in- structed in handling them, but we can not be responsible for the damage or breakage of models that have been consigned to our care, if such damage was caused by ex- hibiting them to customers, or by shipping from place to place. Suggestions for Cransacting Business. We suggest the following as rules for transacting your business : 1. If you have a patent, first determine how you will operate it, whether by sell- ing territory, or by manufacturing it yourself or on royalty. 2. In the event you decide to sell the territory and intend to secure agents, write to parties who are engaged in the business and ascertain their standing and relia- bility. This course can injure none hut irresponsible agencies^ and is no more than justice to yourself. 3. Indicate what your price is for State rights, or for the territory as a whole. Have some price, whatever it may be. Your opinion is worth something. 4. State, as n-ear as you can, what it will cost to manufacture your article ; also selling price. 5. Give the advantages arising from its use, or the extent of its sale, if it has been introduced, and such other information as may aid in determining its probable salable value by territory. 6. Be very particular to make your letters as short as possible and to the point. We have neither the time nor inclination to pore over long letters, nor is it necessary that we should do so to form an idea of the salability of a patent. We want those with whom we transact business to thoroughly understand our method and requirements, and to do this we ask you to carefully read over the fore- going pages relating to the sale of patents. GUIDES FOR ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF PATENTS. Probably nothing in the patent business is so hard to determine as a basis for the valuation of territorial rights. We have always contended that population is no true basis for valuation, for wnile in many cases, such as domestic articles, this might apply, yet there are other elements which far more than outweigh the supposed con- ditions of a similarity in all communities. Thus, for instance, mechanical contriv- ances of the higher order, such as mathematical instruments, surveyors' apparatus, steam engines, etc., etc., the East is more valuable ; for agricultural implements, the West. Then, there are such inventions as appertain solely to the South, among which we may name the cotton gin, seeders and presses. Besides this, it must be taken into consideration that very many inventions are not of such a nature as to make sales of territorial rights a possibility. They usually belong to the larger and more expensive inventions, and require large means to operate, or they are of such a nature as to form the basis of an. extensive business, the product of which will become staple. We advise selling as a whole when it can be done to advantage. The most rapid sales are, of course, made of inventions that are small and easily handled; (speculative patents,) articles that can be manufactured anywhere. If the entire territory is sold in one transaction, it is for a relatively lower price than can be obtained if sold by States. This is owing to an aversion to too deep speculation THE inventor's MANUAL. 29 in patents of that character, even on the part of those who usually make a business of patent speculation. Our experience leads us to believe that the number of patent speculators is greater than ever, and that individually they are in command of less money and less inclined to hazardous investment than formerly. TABLE UPON WHICH TO BASE ESTIMATES. Compiled from, (he Census of 1890, by O. J. Bailey, [Copyrighted 1890.] STATES. Alabama - Arkansas California Colorada Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts _- Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina - North Dakota __. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island _.. South Carolina _ South Dakota Tennessee Texas L Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia _ _ _ Wisconsin Wyoining Territories SQUARE MILES. 51,540 53,045 155,980 103,645 4,845 1,960 54,240 58,980 84,290 56,000 35,910 55,475 81,70U 40,000 45,420 29,895 9,860 8,040 57,430 79,205 46,340 6s,735 145,310 76,185 109,740 9,005 7,455 47,620 48,580 74,312 40,760 94,560 44,985 1,085 30,170 76,620 41,750 262,290 9,135 40,125 66,880 24,645 54,450 97,575 387,460 POPULATION. NO. OF COUN- TIES. AVERAGE popu'tion PER CO. 1,508,073 1,125,385 1,204,002 410,975 745,861 167,871 390,435 1,834,366 84,229 3,818,536 2,189,030 1,906,729 1,423,485 1,855,436 1,116,828 660,261 1,040,431 2,233,407 2,089,793 1,300,017 1,284,887 2,677,080 131,769 1,056,793 44,327 375,827 1,440,017 5,981,934 1,617,340 182,425 3,666,719 312,490 5,248,574 345,343 1,147,161 327,848 1,763,723 2,232,220 332,205 1,648,911 349,516 760,448 1,683,697 60,589 702,548 Total 2,973,232 62,480,540 2,752 66 75 53 55 8 3 45 137 18 102 92 99 106 119 59 16 24 14 83 80 74 115 17 88 14 10 21 60 96 49 88 31 67 5 35 56 96 222 14 100 34 54 68 12 72 22,850 15,005 22,717 7,473 93,233 55,957 8,677 13,390 4,679 37,437 23,794 19,259 13,430 15,592 18,930 41,266 43,351 159,529 25,178 16,250 17,363 23,279 7,751 12,009 3,174 37,583 68,573 99,699 16,848 3 723 41,667 10,080 78,337 69,069 32,776 5,855 18,373 10,055 23,729 16,490 10,280 14,082 24,760 5,049 9,758 22,704 In making estimates, the advancement in manufacturing, etc., in different sec- tions of the country should be taken into consideration. 3< ) THE inventor's MANUAL. To enable inventors to judge somewhat of relative values as between States, we give below the order of them, in which 1 is regarded as the l^est, 2 the second best, etc. : 1. New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois. 2. Missouri, Indiana, Massachusetts. 8. Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin. •4. Minnesota, Georgia, Kansas, New Jersey, Virginia, Texas, Kentucky, Ten- nessee, North Carolina, Maryland, California. 5. Colorado, Alabama, West Virginia, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, South Cai'olina. 6. Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont. 7. Nebraska, Rhode Island, Delaware, Florida. 8. Oregon, Nevada, District of Columbia. 9. Territories. It must be remembered that tliis scale is subject to the modifications to which we have referred ; but the average is a good one. We have not altogether followed out the population of the States, but such other elements as our experience lias shown us to be valuable in making estimates. CINCINNATI AS A PATENT CENTER. "The Queen of the West, 111 lier g-arlands dressed, On the banks of the beautiful river." Her Urieqilaled Resources, Her iVLagriificerit Prospects. TY\e City Tl:^at Is, arid Is to Be, ti^e Greatest Iriddstrial iVLetropolis of t]:\e Uriited States. We call the attention of patentees to the following: Cincinnati is the most prominent central city in the Union. It has unparalleled railroad communication with the South as well as with the North and West. Cincinnati is a manufacturing center. Her products go to every State and Ter- ritory and are specialties in foreign markets. Her manufacturers have been fore- most and best known in every industrial exposition throughout the world for the past ten years. Cincinnati's greatness in every line of industry has Iieen cherished and fostere.d by patents, and her business men are therefore not so biased and reserved in exam- ining good inventions. Cincinnati is emphatically a solid city in point of wealtli and Inisiness activity, and offers the grandest field for patent operations of any city in America — we make no exceptions. Cincinnati's actual population was in the near neighborhootl of 44:9,827 in 1890. It now exceeds half a million. Cincinnati has more than double the number of industries and more than double the number of industrial establishments in proportion to population than Chicago, Detroit, Louisville, Cleveland, or probably any other city on this continent. Nearly one-third of the population of Cincinnati consists of producers as against less than one-fifth of the population of Chicago, Detroit, Louisville and Cleveland. That is, over four-fifths (truthful returns would probably make it five-sixths) of the ])eople of CMcago are middle-men, speculators and other non-producers against two- thirds of the peoi)le of Cincinnati, a measure of the comparative resources of the two cities. THE inventor's MANUAL. 31 Cincinnati is the paradise of labor, leaving the cheapest provision market and the lowest rents on the continent. A larger proportion of employees own their own homes than in any considerable city in the world. And there are in Cincinnati vastly more thriving building associations, 360 in number, (the "people's banks") than in any city in the world. The ability of Cincinnati to turn out high grade products cheap, has forced many competing cities into the manufacture of shoddy goods. Cincinnati, by reason of her central position, her railroads diverging in all direc- tibns from the center, and her water-ways, is the most complete, cheapest and best distributing center on the continent. Cincinnati is the leading iron market on the continent. She produces more iron safes and has the largest iron pipe works of any city in America. Cincinnati has an abundant and cheap supply of all varieties of soft coal, trans- ported by both water and rail. Cincinnati is the only great market on the continent for cabinet and other hard woods and poplar, for which other cities are largely dependent upon her. Cincinnati lias immediately and exclusively tributary to her the only practically in- exhaustible supply of cabinet, carriage and other woods, east of the Rocky Mountains. Cincinnati is, and must continue to be, in the indefinite future, the only great market for chestnut oak bark on the continent. Cincinnati is, and must continue to be, the greatest market on the continent for oak tanned leather, to which all other tanned leather is inferior. Cincinnati's saddlery and harness product is double that of any city on the con- tinent. Cincinnati has the largest tannery, under one roof, in the world. Cincinnati has the great and only White Burley leaf tobacco market on the con- tinent. Cincinnati has the largest tobacco commission warehouse in the world. Cincinnati is the leading and lowest paper mar±cet in the West, affording unlim- ited supplies of material for paper industries of all kiqds. Cincinnati is a prime market for hemp, flax, wool and cotton, upon which large industries are and may be expected to be founded in the future. The manufactured products of Cincinnati, of which wood is the chief or only ma- terial, are greater in variety and quantity than those of any other city, and she has the largest cooperage works in the United States. Cincinnati's combined cabinet product of household lurniture, bank and bar fix- tures, picture frames and mouldings, wood mantels, etc., exceeds in quantity and excels in grade that of any other city on the continent, Cincinnati was the pioneer manufacturer of trade furniture in the West, and also in later years of bank and bar fixtures, of which she is the largest and only consid- erable producer on the continent. Cincinnati is the second largest clothing manufacturing market in the United States. There are manufactured and sold at greater value for the money more vehicles in Cincinnati than in any four cities in the world. Cincinnati is the largest manufacturer of cigar boxes and cigar box material, and has the largest veneer mill in America. In Cincinnati wood-working machinery first originated. Of such machines she is the largest producer of any city in the world, and ships more of them to Europe than all the rest of the United States. In the manufacture and invention of machine tools, also, she is a leading city, and among her establishments is one of the largest of its kind on the continent. Cincinnati is the pioneer manufacturer of laundry machinery, in which she domi- nates the country and supplies Europe, and her soap factories are the largest in the United States. 22 THE inventor's manual. Cincinnati is the pioneer manufacturer of cigar-making machines, in which she dominates the country and supplies the government factories of Europe. In Cincinnati was invented and is manufactured tlie only perfect type-making machine in the world. In Cincinnati is the largest playing-card manufactory in the world, turning out 40,000,000 packs annually. In Cincinnati is the largest school-book publishing house in the United States, where a finished book is turned out with every swing of the pendulum of a clock. In Cincinnati is located the headquarters of the Methodist Book Concern, that prints and issues more religious journals, biographical and other works than any concern in the United States. Cincinnati's high art lithographic and printing establisliments, as might be ex- pected in an art center, are certainly unexcelled. In Cincinnati is located one of the three most extensive music publishing houses on the continent. In Cincinnati originated the manufacture of sifters and mixers to facilitate the work of manufacturing chemists, paint naakers, etc., and here is run the only large concern of this kind on the continent. Cincinnati's public schools now, and in the past, have ranked as models for the continent. Cincinnati has one of the finest City Halls on the continent, built without even a suspicion of jobbery. Her granite and asphalt streets are unsurpassed, and her natural drainage, apart from her sewerage system, is unexcelled, and she is the only city in the world that has built and owns a great trunk railroad. No city on the continent to-day affords such opportunities for the profitable in- vestment of capital as Cincinnati, and the speculative capitalist will be wise who an- ticipates the coming boom. Finally, Cincinnati is the most wonderfully favored city on tliis continent, and destined to become the great industrial metropolis of the country. Patentees, if you desire,your invention prominently brought before the public, we can offer you valuable inducements, and earnestly urge you to carefully read the sug- gestions given in the foregoing pages. PATENT FORMS. Assignment of €nttre ^nkx^si Before J^^^^^ ^f *^^ Patent. Whereas, I, A. B., of , County of , State of ■, have invented a certain new and useful invention, or improvement in (giving the title of the same), for which I am about to make application for letters patent of the United States; and, whereas, G. D., of , County of , State of , is desirous of acquiring an inter- est in said invention, and in the letters patent to be obtained therefor: Now, therefore, to all whom it may concern, be it known that, for and in consid- eration of the sum of $ , to me in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby ac- knowledged, I, the said A. B., have sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents do sell, assign, transfer, and set ever unto the said G. D., the full and exclusive right to the said invention, as fully described in the specification prepared and executed by me preparatory to obtaining letters patent of the United States therefor, and I do hereby authorize and request the Commissioner of Patents to issue the said letters patent to the said G. D., as the assignee of my entire right, title and interest in and to the same, for the sole use and behoof of the said G. D. and his legal representatives. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set mv hand and affixed my seal, this day of , A. D. 189— . In presence of — . A— — B . [.seal.] .0 P . S ^T . % . . THE inventor's MANUAL. 33 ^Issignmcnt of €ntire ^nkmsi in Cetters patent. Whereas, I, C. D., of , County of , State of , did obtain letters patent of the United States or (mentioning the title of the invention), which letters patent are numbered , and bear date the day of , in the year one thousand eight hundred and , and, whereas, I am now the sole owner of said patent and of all rights under the same ; and, whereas, E. F., of , County of , State of , is de- sirous of acquiring the entire interest in the same : Now, therefore, to all whom it may concern, be it known that for and in consid- eration of the sum of $ , to me in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby ac- knowledged, I, the said C. D.. have sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents do sell, assign, transfer, and set over unto the said E. F., all the right, title, and interest whatsoever which I have in and to the said improvement in (title), and in and to the letters patent therefor aforesaid ; the same to be beld and enjoyed by the said E. F., for his own use and behoof, and for the use and behoof of his legal representatives, to the full end of the term for which said letters patent are, or may be, granted (thus including extension), as fully and entirely as the same wovild have been held and enjoyed by me had this assignnient and sale not been made. In. testimony whereof, — have hereunto set — hand and affixed — seal, this day of , A. D. 189—. In presence of — C D . [seal.] N P . O T . 2ls5ignment of an Unbtrtbeb ^nkxest in Cettcrs patent. Whereas, I, L. M., of , County of , State of , did obtain letters patent of the United States for (giving title), which letters patent are numbered , and bear date the day of , in the year one thousand eight hundred and ; and, whereas, D. E., of , County of , State of , is desirous of acquiring an inter- est in the same : Now, therefore, to all whom it may concern, be it known that for and in consid- eration of the sum of $ , to me in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby ac- knowledged, I, the said L. M., have sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents do sell, assign, transfer and set over unto the said D. E., the undivided one-half part of all the right, title and interest whatsoever which I have in and to the said invention, and in .and to the letters patent therefor aforesaid ; the said undivided one-half part to be held and enjoyed by the said D. E., for his own use and behoof, and for the use and behoof of his legal representatives, to the full end of the term for Avhich said letters patent are, or may be, granted (thus including extension), as fully and entirely as the same would have been held and enjoyed by me had this assign- ment and sale not been made. In testimony whereof, — have hereunto set — hand and affixed — seal, this day of , A. D. 189—. In presence of — L M . [seal,.] A B . A B . Assignment of Cerritorial 3Ttterest lifter (Brant of patent. Whereas, I, Q,. X., of , County of , State of , did obtain lettei's patent of the United States for (giving title), which letters patent are numbered , and bear date the day of , in the year one thousand eight hundred and ; and, whereas, I am now the sole owner of said patent and of all rights under the same in the below recited territory ; and, whereas, W. O., of , County of , State of , is desirous of acquiring an interest in the same: Now, therefore, to all whom it may concern, be it known that for and in consid- eration of the sum of $ , to me in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby ac- knowledged, I, the said Q. X., have sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents do sell, assign, transfer, and set over unto the said W. O., all the right, title, and interest whatsoever which I have in and to the said invention (or improve- ment) as secured to me by said letters patent for, to and in the State of , and for, to, or in no other place or places; the same to be held and enjoyed by the said W. O. within and throughout the above specified territory, and not elsewhere, for his own use and behoof, and for the use and behoof of his legal representatives, to the full end of the term for which said letters patent are, or may be granted (thus in- cluding extension), as fully and entirely as the same would have been held and en- joyed by me therein had this assignment and sale not been made. 34 THE inventor's manual. In testimony whereof, — have hereunto set — hand and affixed — seal, tliis — day of , A. D. 189—. In presence of — Q X . [seal,.] S T . R D . Ciccnsc — 5I|op Htgl^t In consideration of fifty dollars, to be paid by the firm of S. J. & Co., of , in the County of , State of , I do hereby license and empower the said S. J. & Co. to manufacture in said [or other place agreed upon], the improvement in , for which letters patent of the United States, No. , were granted to , dated , 189 — , and to sell the machines so manufactured throughout the United States, to the full end of the term for which said letters patent are granted. « Witness my hand this day of — — , 189 — . A B . Cicensc — Xlot €yclustt)c — VOxtl^ Royalty, This agreement, made this day of , 189 — , between A B , of , ia the County of , and State of , party of the first part, and E F & Co., of , in the county of , and State of , party of the second part, witnesseth, that whereas, letters patent of the United States, No. , for an improvement in , were granted to the party of the first part, dated , 189 — ; and, whereas, the party of the second part is desirous of manufacturing containing said patented im- provement: Now, therefore, the parties have agreed as follows: [Here state conditions.] In witness whereof, the parties above named have hereunto set their hands the day and year first above written, at , in the county of , and State of . A B . E F — - & Co Cransfer of a Crabe XiXait We, A B , and X Z , of , in the county of , and State of , partners under the firm name of , in consideration of — — dollars to us paid by , of the same place, do hereby sell, assign, and transfer to the said and his assigns, the exclusive right to use in the manufacture and sale of a certain trade mark for , deposited by us in the United States Patent Office and recorded therein , 189 — ; the same to be held, enjoyed and used by the said as fully and en- tirely as the same would have been held and enjoyed by us if this grant had notbeeH. made. % Witness our hands this day of , 189 — . A B . X Z . PRICES FOR PRINTED PATENT BLANKS. We make a specialty of printed forms or blanks for every description of patent business. These blanks are strictly in conformity with the Patent Office rules; are printed on good paper and furnished at the very lowest prices, which are given below : Assignments. — Including Exclusive Grant, State Rights, County Rights, and Prior to Issue of Patent: 3 for 10 cents; 25 for 75 cents; 100 for $2.00. License with Royalty (double sheet). — Exclusive or Not Exclusive: 2 for 10' cents; 25 for $1.00; 100 for $8.50. Shop and Farm Right License. — i for 10 cents; 25 for 50 cents ; 100 for $1.50. PowEE OF Attorney — Trade Mark Transfers. — 3 for 10 cents; 25 for 75. t*ents; 100 for $2.00. We prepay postage. Special forms printed to order at reasonable rates. THE inventor's manual. 35 ENGRAVINGS. It seems like folly for an inventor, after having expended months of time and considerable money to perfect and patent an invention, to have his fond hopes ©rushed out by a little, insignificant, cheap burlesque of an illustration, when, by a very small additional expense, a first class wood engraving could be made that would be attractive and in every way invite the attention of the public, which it would ut- terly fail to do if it looks "cheap and common." It is undoubtedly true that many really meritorious inventions are condemned because the engravings do not properly represent them. A nicely shaded and tinted wood engraving will always give a bet- ter idea of the construction of a machine, and, in this age, all first class business men acknowledge the value of first class engravings by adapting them to represent their goods in every case where it is practicable. If you desire to give an invention a good start on the market, business methods must be used that are up with the times; therefore, if you have not already ordered a first class wood engraving, to properly present your invention to the public, be sure to have one made. Let this be the first step toward giving you an advantage in the market. It is very desirable in the case of many patents that an engraving should be sup- plied to enable us to fully and clearly present it to customers. The cost of engravings varies so much that it is hard to arrive at a good basis for calculation. Engravings are of two kinds — sectional, which represent cross views, or cutaway portions to show interior construction ; and perspective, which represent the external appearance of the object. Generally, sectional engravings are cheaper, but the perspective views are more comprehensive. The prices vary with the subject. Size is not an indication of price so much as the subject itself. We execute orders for engravings promptly and at most reasona- ble figures. The engravers in our employ are the most experienced in this country, and the quality of the work will speak for itself. You can have cuts of your patent laiade by simply forwarding a model with a statement of the position in which it should be shown, or we will use our own judgment in the matter if requested. All cuts are extra above the cost of the circulars and descriptions named in our circular ©f terms. TESTIMONIALS. A WONDERFUL BUSINESS— A VISIT TO THE LARGEST PATENT OFFICE IN AMERICA. From Cincinnati Times-Star: As noted in another, column, the American Pat- ent Agency, of this city, has removed its offices to the new and elegant quarters, No. 92 West Fourth street, directly opposite the entrance to the new Chamber of Com- merce building. The removal of the models and effects of this establishment occu- pied nearly ten days, and this fact, coupled with the extraordinary variety of ma- chines of quaint and curious design, led our reporter to make an investigation. The new offices now cover two entire floors, each 25 x 100 feet, and are in the most prominent portion of the city, accessible by stairways from both Fourth and Vine streets, and by elevator on Vine street. The proprietors are well known as energetic patent attorneys, and as such have built up an immense business in this line. The mere fact that they have about forty elerks and experts constantly in their employ, and a pay roll of over $400 per week, is the best evidence of their success. The business consists in procuring and selling patents. Within the past three years it has grown to such proportions that change of quarters became necessary, and resulted in procuring the present location. 26 THE inventor's manual. The firm has an office in Washington City, and also in London, Berlin, Vienna, Paris, and Melbourne, Australia. Within the past year they have procured patents in nearly every country on the globe, where patents are obtainable, so that the for- eign soliciting forms a very important part of the business. In addition £o the soliciting business, they have a special department devoted to the sale of patents and placing them on royalty. In this the firm has been so suc- cessful that they make a standing challenge to prove that they have disposed of more patents during the past five years than all the other patent agencies in the United States combined. This is certainly a record to be proud of. It is conceded that the peculiar character of the business makes success a doubtful thing with the majority of those who engage in it, but the record of this Agency for prompt and fair dealing, and the unequaled success of its operations, make it indeed a notable concern and worthy of patronage. [Since the above was published, the increasing business has necessitated securing still larger quarters, and we now occupy the entire building above the ground floor, 73 West Fifth St., {Fountain Square,) consisting of four entire floors 25x90 feet. Even this space is cramped, and we contemplate, in the near future, putting up a building suited to our purposes.] From Western Tobacco Journal (Cincinnati, O.): Having occasion to pass by the above institution the other day, we called in to ascertain what was "new under the sun," in the way of inventions, and to see what new ideas had been demonstrated in a practical form. From the number of models in the model room of this Agency one would be led to suppose that a section of the U. S. Patent Office had been re- moved to this city. The inventions there exhibited embrace articles of every de- scription in mechanics, and it would be difficult — in fact, impossible — to give any idea of the variety. They also give special attention to soliciting patents in this country and are prepared to obtain patents in all European countries through agents located in the principal countries. In addition to this they publish the American Inventor [now The World's Progress], which has from forty to sixty pages filled with original engravings and devoted to the interests of inventors who desire to dispose of their patents, and to science and the mechanical arts. We cheerfully recommend this Agency. From Southern Agriculturist (Louisville, Ky.): This well knOwn firm is exten- sively engaged in procuring and selling patents, and we were :qpally surprised at the extent and magnitude of the business, reaching, as it does, from Maine to California, having over forty branch offices established, besides traveling agents of experience and ability. With these facilities brought to bear upon a patent, it is safe to say that something effective can be done in the way of bringing it to public notice. Another feature of this firm is its method of conducting business. Before a patent is taken for sale, it is thoroughly examined by experts to ascertain its practical features and consequent salable value, and no patent is handled unless of such a nature as to in- sure a sale of some kind within the specified contract time. Their great success can, undoubtedly, be attributed to the care and attention given- to the selection of pat- ents. In the soliciting department they have been very successful, and judging from. the nature of the cases which they have prosecuted before the Patent Office, we feel free in saying that inventors can rely upon their ability and skill in securing claims. This combination of the selling department with the soliciting departinent is a new feature in the patent business, and gives inventors a double advantage. From Independent Record (Cincinnati, O.): To successfully sell patents, it not only requires legal knowledge, but a good, sound judgment as to the value of each individual invention. From what we can learn, the leading officers of the company are qualified with the desired elenlents in an unusual degree ; they have also the con- fidence of our leading merchants, being indorsed by the most prominent gentlemen in our midst, therefore it will be seen that patentees need have no fear of intrusting their inventions to the American Patent Agency. This company has agencies in the principal cities of the Union, and ma'ny travel- ing agents are employed in the districts where these branch agencies do not exist. From a glance at the Home Office, which is located at 73 West Fifth street, the vis- itor is impressed by the number of models displayed that the business is in a flour- ishing condition. STATE LAWS REGULATING STOCK COMPANIES. The American Patent Agency will prepare papers for incorporating companies in ahy State in the United States, and in a number of States we are in a position to maintain an office and act as resident agents for corporations doing business in other States. Competent counsel are employed who have a thorough knowledge of corpo- ration laws. Properly drafted minutes of stockholders' and directors' meetings are furnished. Charges moderate. We are prepared to furnish a complete synopsis of the corporation laws, mode of procedure and forms for petitions in every State and Territory of the United States and of all the Latin countries of North and South America, also of many of the Euro- pean, countries. Charges for this information will be iBoderate. The following is a summary of some important features governing corporations for profit in some of the States : mxv rjorf. In New York, capital stock not limited. One-half of full amount of stock must be subscribed and 10 percent of subscriptions paid up, before business may be trans- acted. Duration : when not specified in the charter, may exist indefinitely ; but lim- ited to fifty years when specified. State fees: incorporation fee, $10; nominal fees for recording and a tax of one-eighth of 1 percent upon the total amount of capital stock ; these must be paid before any business may be transacted. A majority of the incorporators must be residents of the State and at least two-thirds of them citizens of the United States. The liability of stockholders is regulated by circumstances. Corporations are perpetual unless limited by their charter. There inust be at least five incorporators, a majority being residents of the State. The amount of paid-up stock is not fixed, but at least 10 percent of the stock must be subscribed. Stock may consist of common and preferred or both. State fee $10, if $10,000 or under, and $1 for every $1,000 in excess of $10,000. Stockholders are liable for debts of the corpora- tion in double the amount of the stock owned by him. ^(^nnsylvanxa. Five, or more persons may form a corporation, three of whom must be citizens of the State. Notice must be published once a week for three weeks in two papers, of in- tention to apply for charter. Before business can be commenced, 10 percent of the capital stock must be paid up in cash. State fees from $30 to $45, including fee for filing statement. A company organized under the act of 1874 shall pay to the State Treasurer a bonus of one-quarter of 1 percent upon the whole amount of the capital stock, in two equal installments; the first installment payable at time of incorpora- tion and the second one year after. Liability: Incorporations embraced under Class II., the directors are jointly and severally liable to the extent of the excess of indebt- edness over the amount of the capital stock ; the shareholder, to the amount of the unpaid portion of his stock. Connecticut , ' Number of persons required to form a company, three or inore. Articles of incorpo- ration must be published at full length, once, in the county. Twenty percent of the stock must be paid in cash to begin business. No limit to amount of capital. State fee nominal. (H7) 38 THE inventor's manual. Organization may be effected by three or more persons. Capital requirements, not less than $2,000. Period of existence, 50 years, with provision for extension. No re- quirement as to amount of paid-up capital to begin business. State fees, $25, up to $100,000; in excess of that amount, 20 cents per $1,000. The laws are very favorable to cori)orations. California. Ai'ticles of incorporation must be filed in the county where located and with the Sec- retary of State. Must be five or more incorporators and a majority residents of the State. Limited to fifty years. Amount of paid-up stock not specified. State fees $15 to $20. Shareholders are proportionately liable for debts and directors specially liable. All holdings of corporations taxed. ZHassacl^usetts. Capital requirements, not less than $5,000 nor more than $1,000,000 for manufacturing purposes, to be paid in, in cash or property ; must be fully paid up. State fees not less than $5 nor more than $200. Liability of shareholders depends upon special conditions and character of the charter. 3nbiana. Persons, three or more. Maximum duration, 50 years. Stock must be fully paid up within 18 months. State fees: $10,000 stock, $10; over $10,000, one-tenth of 1 percent of total capital stock. Recording fee additional. Liability single or double, accord- ing to kind of company. 3ninois. The petitioners are appointed by the Secretary of State as commissioners to open books of subscription to captial stock. When the stock is fully subscribed, a meet- ing is held of subscribers and organization effected. Incorporators need not be resi- dents of the State, but the principal ofRce must be located there. No limit to capital stock. Maximum duration, 99 years. State fee, $25. Recordij^ig from $1.50 to $5.00. Stockholder is liable for debts of corporation to amount of the unpaid portion of his stock. 2llabama. Corporations may be formed for any class of business purposes. The incorporators need not be residents of the State. No limit is fixed for the existence of manufac- turing corporations. The State fees are graded from $25 upward, according to amounts of capital stock. Fifty percent of the stock must be subscribed and 20 percent actu- ally paid in. Corporations are taxed same as individuals. Stockholders are liable to the amount of their unpaid subscriptions to stock. 21rfansti5. Any number of persons not less than three may form a company. Residence not re- quired. No special amount of paid-up stock necessary. Installments subject to call by directors by agreement. No limit to duration. State fee, $25; amendments, $10. Taxes same as of individuals. Foreign coi'porations must have place of business in the State and resident agents. Colorabo. Three or more incorporators are required, and they need not be residents of State or the United States. Minimum State fee, $10. Duration limited to twenty years, but may be extended. Stockholders are liable to the amount unpaid upon their stock. Manufacturing corporations not taxed by the State. Special laws relating to foreign corporations. THE inventor's manual. 39 Pirginta. Charters are obtained from the Circuit or Corporation Court or in vacation from tlie Judge of either. The term of manufacturing company is limited to 30 years, but after 15 years may be repealed by the legislature. State fees are nominal, but a tax graduated according to the amount of capital stocli is payable. Stockholders are liable only for amount of stock subscribed for by them. Foreign corporations have all the privileges and disabilities of domestic corporations, but such corporations are required to have an office within the State. Company may be formed by three or more persons, a majority of whom must be act- ual residents of the State. Limit of duration, 20 years. Ten percent of capital stock must be paid up before commencing business. State fees, $30 to $50. The original subscriber to stock remains liable for debts of the company to the amount that may be unpaid upon stock he subscribed for. INSIGNIFICANT ORIGIN OF GREAT WORKS. It is not the tools that make the workman, but the trained skill and perseverance •f the man himself. Some one asked Opic by what wonderful process he mixed his eolors. "I mix them with my brains, sir," was tlie reply. It is the same with every workman who would excel. Ferguson made marvelous things — such as his wooden clock, that actually meas- ured the hours, by means of a common penknife, a tool in everybody's hand, but then everybody is not a Ferguson. A pan of water and two thermometers were the tools by which Dr. Black discov- ered latent heat; and a prisixi, a lens, and a sheet of pasteboard enabled Newton to unfold the composition of light and the origin of color. An eminent foreign savant once called upon Dr. Wollastoh, and requested to be shown over his laboratory, in which science had been enriched with so many impor- tant discoveries, when the doctor took him into a little study, and pointed to an old tea tray on the table, containing a few watch glasses, test papers, a small balance, andta blow pipe, and said: "There is all the laboratory I have." Stockhardt learned the art of combining colors by closely studying butterflies' wings; he would often say no one knew how much he owed to these tiny insects. A burnt stick and a barn door served Wilkie in lieu of pencil and canvas. Bewick first practiced drawing on the cottage walls of his native village, which he covered with his sketches in chalk; and Benjamin West made his first brushes out of the cat's tail. Ferguson laid himself down in the fields at night in a blanket, and made a map of the heavenly bodies, by means of a thread with small beads on it, stretched be- tween his eyes and the stars. Franklin first robbed the thunder cloud of its lightning by means of a kite with two cross sticks and a silk handkerchief. Watt made his first model of the condensing steam engine out of an old anato- mist's syringe, used to inject the arteries previous to dissection. Giflord worked his first problem in mathematics, when a cobbler's apprentice, upon small scraps of leather which he beat smooth for the purpose, while Ritten- house, the astronomer, first calculated eclipses on his i)low handle. 40 THE inventor's MANUAL. (El^ronologtcal ^tstorY of Di5Cor>erY anb progress, 1180 — Glass first used for windows. 1200 — Mariner's Compass first used. 1234 — Coal first dug for fuel. 1240 — Spectacles invented. 1302 — Paper first made from linen rags. 1320 — Gunpowder invented. 1436 — Printing invented. 1457 — Almanacs first printed by Purback, in Vienna. Newspaper, first in the world issued, called The Gazette, printed at Nuremburg. 1462 — Metal Type in matrices first made by Peter Schcefifer, at Nuremburg. Bible first printed, at Mentz. 1471 — Printing Press first set up, by Caxton. 1476 — Watches first made at Nuremburg. 1517 — The True System of the Universe, discovered by Copernicus 1527 — Wood Engraving invented by Albert Durer. 1545 — Modern Needles first came into use. 1555 — Wheeled Carriages first vised in France. 1559 — Steel Knives first used in England, and Coaches introduced about the same time. 1568 — Clocks first made in England. 1590 — Telescopes were invented, and the first was probably used in England in 1608. Spencer, Shakespeare, Bacon, Kepler, Tycho Brahe, were contemporaries in this year. 1650 — First Air Pumps manufactured. 1711 — Piano-forte invented by Father Wood, an English monk at Rome. 1736 — Union Fire Company, Philadelphia, organized December 7th, the flrsfevolunteer fire company in America, and probably in the world. 1777 — ^American Flag adopted by Congress. 1783 — Balloon ascension first made, June 5th, near Lyons, France. 1786 — Vessel navigated first by steam, Philadelphia, July 20th, by John Fitch. 1787 — Copper Cent first coined at New Haven, Conn. ♦ 1803— Steel Pens first made. 1811 — Lead Pencils first made in the United States, by William Munroe, at Concord, Mass. 1816 — Pins first manufactured in the United States. 1826 — Kerosene first used for illuminating purposes. Railroad, first in United States, extended from granite quarries at Quincy, Mass., to Neponset River, three miles. Now nearly 100,000 miles in the United States. 1828 — Passenger Railroad, first in America opened, the Baltimore & Ohio. 1832 — Telegraph invented by Morse. 1838 — Telegraph Wire of any practical importance first in England, was laid from Paddington to West Drayton; the first in Scotland in 1841; and in Ireland 1854. 1838 — Passenger Steamships began regular voyages across the Atlantic ; the Sims, from London tb New York, in 17 days, and the Great Western, from Bristol to New York, in 15 days. 1839 — Envelopes first used for letters, etc. 1846 — Sewing Machine patented, by Elias Howe. 1848 — Gold first discovered in California. - 1858 — Cable Dispatches first sent across Ocean. 1877 — Telephone first put into public use. Plionograpli, Edison's, first brought to public attention. 1884 — Discovery of Cocoaine, the most remarkable of anaesthetics. 1885 — The Bartholdi Statue erected upon Bedloe's Island, New York. VALUABLE INFORMATION — FOR — INVENTORS, MECHANICS, FARMERS, MERCHANTS, — AXD FOR — ALL OTHER TRADES AKD PROFESSIONS. Business iavos in Brief. Ignorance of the law excuses none. It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. The law compels no one to do impossibilities. An agreement without consideration is void. Signatures made with lead pencil are good in law. A receipt for money paid is not legally conclusive. The acts of one partner bind all the others. ' A contract made with a minor is invalid. A contract made with a lunatic is void. Contracts for advertising in Sunday newspapers are invalid. Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole amount of the debts of the firm. Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. Agents are responsible to their principals for errors. A note given by a minor is void It is not legally necessary to say on a note "for value received." A note drawn on Sunday is void. A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intoxication, can not be collected. If a note be lost or stolen, it does not release the maker ; he must pay. The indorser of a note is exempt from liability if not served with notice of its dishonor within twenty-four hours of its non-payment. Dalue of foreign BToneY on a (5oIb Basis. Pound sterling, England $ 4 84 Guinea, do 5 0.5 , Crown, do 1 21 Shilling, do 22 Napoleon, of France 3 84 Five Francs, do 93 Franc, do 18 Thaler, of Saxony 68 Guilder, of Netherlands 40 Ducat, of Austria 2 28 Florin, do 48 Doubloon, of Spain 15 54 Cables of IPeigl^ts anb measures. TROY WEIGHT. 24 grains 1 pennyweight, 20 pennyweights 1 ounce. By this weight, gold, silver and jewels only are weighed. The ounce and pound in this are the same as in Apothecaries' weight. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 20 grains 1 scruple, 3 scruples 1 dram, S drams 1 ounce, 12 ounces 1 pound. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 16 drams 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound. 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 100 weight, 2,000 pounds 1 ton. DRY MEASURE. 2 pints 1 quart, 8 quarts 1 peck, 4 pecks 1 bushel, 36 bushels 1 caldron. LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE. 4 gills 1 pint, 2 pints 1 quart, 4 quarts 1 gallon, 31 J-^ gallons 1 barrel, 2 barrels 1 hogshead. TIME MEASURE. 60 seconds 1 minute, 60 minutes 1 hour, 24 hours 1 day, 7 days 1 week. 4 weeks 1 lunar month, 28,29. 30 or 31 days 1 calendar month (30 days 1 month in com- puting interest), 52 weeks and 1 day (or 12 calendar months) 1 year ; 365 days, 5 hours. 48 minutes and 49 seconds 1 solar year. CLOTH MEASURE. 2}4 inches 1 nail, 4 nails 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 yard. Real, of Spain $ 05 Five Rubles, of Russia 3 95 Ruble, do 75 Franc, of Belgium 18 Ducat, of Bavaria 2 27- Franc, of Switzerland 18 Crown, of Tuscany 1 06 Ten Thalers, of Germanv 7 90 TenMark, do " 2 38 Krone, (crown) do 6 64 Twenty Mark, do 4 76 Twenty Lire, of Italy ; 3 84 CIRCULAR MEASURE. 60 seconds 1 minute, 60 minutes 1 degree, 30 degrees 1 sign, 90 degrees 1 quadrant, 4 quadrants (or 380 de- grees) 1 circle. LONG MEASURE— DISTANCE. 3 barleycorns 1 inch, 12 inches 1 foot, 3 feet 1 yard, b}4 yaids 1 rod, 40 rods 1 furlong, 8 furlongs 1 mile. MISCELLANEOUS. 3 inches 1 palm, 4 inches 1 hand, 6 inches Ispan, 18 inches 1 cubit, 21.8 inches 1 Bible cubit, 2% feet 1 military pace. SQUARE MEASURE. 144 square inches 1 square foot, 9 square feet 1 square yard, 3034 square yards 1 square rod, 40 square rods 1 rood, 4 roods 1 acre. SURVEYOBS' MEASURE. 7.92 inches 1 link, 25 links 1 rod, 4 rods 1 chain, 10 square chains (or 160 square rods) 1 acre, 640 square acres .1 square mile. CUBIC MEASURE. 1.728 cubic inches 1 cubic foot, 27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard, 128 cubic feet 1 cord (wood), 40 cubic feet 1 ton (shipping), 2150.42 cubic inches 1 standard bushel, 268..8 cubic inches 1 standard gallon, 1 cubic footfour- lifths of a bushel. 42 THE INVENTOR S MANUAL. Cl^e ZHetric System of IPeigl^ts anb ZHcasurcs, With Equivalents in U. S. Standards for Eeady Keference. MEASURES OF LENGTH. Millimeter (.001 meter) 0.03937 inches. Centimeter (.01 meter) 0.39371 " Decimeter (.1 meter) 3.93708 " Meter(unit) 39.3708 " or 3.2809 feet. Decameter (10 meters) 32.809 feet or 10.9363 varrlf-. Hectometer (100 meters) 328.09 " 109.3633" •• Kilometer (1,000 meters) 1,093.68 yards, or 0.62138 miles. Myriameter (10,000 meters) 10,936.33 " or 6.21382 ' MEASURES OF AREA. Oentiare (.01 are or square meter) 1.1960 square yards=1.550 square inches. Are (square decameter and unit) 119.6033 square yards or 4.0247 acres= 3.9536 p. Decare (10 ares) 1,196.033 square yards or 0.247 acres=39.536 p. Hectare (100 ares) : 11,960.33 square yards or 2.471 acres=2 a. 1 r. 35.376 p. MEASURES OF CAPACITY. METRIC DENOMINATIONS. Milliliter Centiliter Deciliter Liter Decaliter Hectoliter Kiloliteror stere 0.001 of a liter. 0.01 of a liter. 0.1 of a liter. 1 liter. 10 liters. iro liters. ,coo liters. 1 cubic centimeter. 10 cubic centimeters. .1 cubic decimeter. 1 cubic decimeter. 10 cubic decimeters. .1 cubic meter. 1 cubic meter. * en(;lish equivalents. UNITFD STATES LIQUID MEASURE. Milliliter 0.00704 gills. 0.0704 gills. 0.704 gills. 1.761 qts. 2.201 galls. 2.751 bus. 27.512 bus. • 0,061027 cubic in. 0.610271 cubic in. 6.102705 cubic in.. 61.027052 cubic in. 610.270515 cubic in. 6,102.705152 cubic in. 61.027.051519 cubic in. 0.27 fluid drams. 338 fluid oz. Deciliter 0.845 gill. 1.0567 quart. 2.6417 galls. Hectoliter Kiloliter or stere 26.417 galls. 264.17 galls. WEIGHTS. METRIC DENOMINATION'S AND VALUES. Equivalent in Denominations in Names. Number of 1 Weight of What Quantity of Grams. 1 Water at Maximum Density. Use. Avoirdupois. Milligram 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 1 cdbic millimeter, 10 cubic millimeters, .1 cubic centimeter, 1 cubic centimeter, 10 cubic centimeters, 1 deciliter. 1 liter. 10 liters. 1 hectoliter. 1 cut)ic meter. 0154gr. 0,1543 gr. 1,5432 gr. Gram 15.482 gr. 0.3527 oz. Hectogram » 3,5274 oz. ' 2,2046 lbs. Myriagrwin 22,046 lbs. 220.46 lbs. Millier or ton 2 204.6 Ibfi. THE inventor's manual. 43 QuantttY of Seeb Hequireb to plant an ^crc. KIND OF SEED. QUANTITY. KIND OF SEED. QUANTITY. Asparagus in 11 inch drills 10 quarts Grass, rye 20 quarts Asparagus plants, 4 by IJ^feet 8,000 Lettuce, in rows 2%ieet 3 pounds Barley 2^ bushels Lawn grass 35 pounds Beans, bushel, in drills 2>^feet 1% bushels Melons, water, in hills 8 by 8 feet 3 pounds Beans, pole, Lima, 4 by 4 feet 20 quarts Melons, citrons, in hills 4 by 4 feet 2 pounds Beans, Carolina, prolific, etc., 4 by 3 feet 10 quarts Oats 2 bushels Beets and mangold, drills, 23^ feet 9pounds Onion, in beds for sets 50 pounds Broom corn m drills 12 pounds Onions, in rows for large bulbs 7 pounds Cabbage, outside, for transplanting 12 ounces Parsnip, in drills2)4feet 5 pounds Cabbage, sown In frames 4ounces Pepper, plants, 2%\}y Ifoot. 17,500 Carrot, in drills, 2>^ feet 4 pounds Pumpkin, inhillsS by 8 feet 2 quarts Celery, seed Bounces Parsley, in drills 2 feet 4 pounds Celery, plant 4 by ^ feet i 25,000 Peas, in drills, short varieties 2 bushels Clover, white Dutch 13 pounds Peas, in drills, tall varieties ♦ 1 to \}4, bushels eiover. Lucerne 10 pounds Peas, broadcast 3 bushels . Clover, Alsike 6 pounds Potatoes 8 bushels Clover, large red with timothy 12 pounds Radish, in drills 2 feet 10 pounds Clover, large red without timothy 16 pounds Rye, broadcast X% bushels Corn, sugar 10 quarts Rye, drilled xy^ bushels Corn, field 8 quarts Squash, bushel, in hills 4 by 4 feet 3 pounds Corn, salad, drill 10 inches 25 pounds Turnips, in drills 2 feet 3 pounds Cucumber, in hills 3 quarts Turnips, broadcast 3 pounds Flax broadcast .-20 quarts Tomatoes, in frames 3 ounces Grass, tiinothy with clover 6 quarts Tomatoes, seed in hills 3 by 3 feet Bounces Grass, timothy without clover 10 quarts Tomatoes, plants 3,*00 Grass, orchard 25 quarts Wheat, in drills IJ^ bushels Grass, red top or heads 20 quarts Wheat, broadcast 2 bushels Grass, blue 28 quarts Sctenttftc 3tems of 3i^tercst, A gallon of water "U. S. Standard" weighs 8>g pounds and contains 231 cubic inches. A cubic foot of water weighs 62}^ pounds and contains 7)^ gallons. Each nominal horse power of boilers requires 1 cubic foot of water per hour. In calculating horsepower of steam boilers, consider for tubular or flue boilers 15 square feet of heating surface equivalent to one horse power. Condensing engines require from 20 io 25 gallons of water to condense the steam evaporated from one gal- lon of water. To find the pressure per pounds per square inch of a column of water, multiply the height of the column in feet by 434. Approximately, every foot of elevation is equal to y^ pound per square in. h pressure. To find the capacity of a pump cylinder in gallons, multiply the area in inches by the length of the stroke In inches, which will give the total number of cubic inches ; divide this amount by 231 (which is the cubical contents of a gallon in inches) and the product is the capacity of the pump cylinder in gallons. The ordinary rate to run pumps is a piston speed o ; 100 feet per minute. To find the quantity of water elevated by a pump in one minute, with a piston speed of 100 feet per minn e, square the diameter of water cylinder in inches and multiply by 4. Example; Capacity of a 5 inch cylinder is desired, the square of the diameter (5 inches) is 25, which, multiplied by 4, gives 100, the number of gallonsper minute (approximately). To fini the diameter ' f a pump cylinder to move a given quantity of water per minute (piston speed being 100 feet per minute), divide the number of gallons by 4, then extract the square root, and the result will be the diameter in inches. To find I he velocity in feet per minute necessary to discharge a given volume of water in a given time, mul- tiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144, and divide (he product by the area of pipe in inches. To find the area of a required pipe, the volume and velocity of water being given, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144, and divide the product by the velocity of the water in feet. The area being found, it is easy to get the diameter of pipe necessary. The area of a steam piston multiplied by the steam pressure gives the total amount of pressure exerted. The area of the water piston multiplied by the pressure of water per square inch gives the resistance. A mar- gin must be made between the power a d resistance to move the piston at the required speed, usually reck- oned about 50 percent. f)orD io Hemooe Ctn from Copper Pessels. Immerse the article in a solution of blue vitriol. To remove tin from plates without acid, boil the scrap tin with soda lye in presence of litharge. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF PARTIES FOR WHOM THIS AGENCY HAS PROCURED PATENTS. E. Beniinghaus, Cincinnati, Chairs (Four Patents). R. Forward, Cincinnati, Car Coupling. James G. Henderson, Cincinnati, Design Patent. S. Newman, Cincinnati, Display Stand. S. Kehlenbeck, Cincinnati, Baby Carrier. Jacob Rubsam, New York, N. Y., Fire Escape. A. Caywood, Ithaca, Ohio, Stove. W. Winkless, Newport, Ky., Elevator. G. W. Lishawa, Hartwell, Ohio, Railroad Time Table. C. V. Fleetwood, Cincinnati, Stove. T. Lee, Cincinnati, Freight Car, Cooker, Peanut Roaster. H. Jeffrey, Ludlow, Ky., Switches. J. Skardon, Cincinnati, Darning Attachment for Sewing Machines. C. E. Frick, Cincinnati, Ice Cream Freezer. C. Heinemann, Hammond, Ind., Scaffolding. J. G. Wallace, Chicago, 111., Return Postal Card. Feneran & Milks, Machias, N. Y., Hay Knife. C. Buerling, Cincinnati, Shutter Opener. S. A. White, Harrisburg, Pa., Bicycle. C. E. Kister, Cincinnati, Cushion Former. E. J. Kidd, Cincinnati, Pail Cover, M. Bruner, Buckland, Ohio, Harrow. F. P. Burkhardt, Chelan, Wash., Mortise Lock. John Braithwaite, Winchester, Canada, Loose Pulh^v Oiler. WoodrufE & Bellew, Hartwell, Ohio, Thill Support. F. H. Farnham, Cincinnati, Buggy Top. P. Davis, Cincinnati, Damper Regulator. M. B. Moore, Morgan, Ky., Marking Pen. John Fleming, Houghton, Mich., Roller Bearing. W. B. Bust, Dunedin, New Zealand, Puzzle. M. L. Rogers, Exeter, Neb., Sulky Harrow. P. H. Quinn, Salamanca New York, Belt Tightener. William Dickman, Cincinnati, Watchmaker's Tool. Nick Letzler, Napoleon, Ind., Fire Escape. C. W. King, Kalamazoo, Mich., Portable Boat. F. V. Knauss, Portsmoufh, Ohio, Fire Box and Stove. P. J. Hanley, Amesburg, Mass., Vehicle Brake. Grosch, Allenberg & Buerling, Cincinnati, Shutter Opener. G. F. Davis, Black Pine, Montana, Churn. C. H. Davis, Chenoa, 111., Ventilated Hat. C. H. Snyder, Percival, Iowa, Car Coupling. D. Whitburn, London, England, Puzzle. Kem & Frederick, Purcell, I. T., Photograph Washer. W. P. Burke, Edina, Mo., Band Cutter. A. C. Wickham, Carthage, Mo., Cultivator. R. Fullerton, Martin, Tenn., Traction Engine. -J. V. Hotchkiss, Jay, Ind., Saw. G. E. MeCune, Harveysburg, Ohio, Planter. E. O. C. Ord, Fort Keogh, Montana, Gun Sight. S. J. Ford, Placerville, Cal., Car Coupling. John T. Spivey, Faii'view, W. Va., Chimney Top. S. D. Gray, Carbondale, Colo., Gardener's Stool. H. Kehlenbeck, Pleasant, Ind., Saw. Ruff Brewing Co., Quincy, 111., Trade Mark. John H. Wheeler, Saugatuck, Mich., Musical Instrument. J. B. Hogan, North Adams, Mass., Air Brake. J. J. Burwell, Covington, Ky., Locomotive Boiler. T. J. Hathaway, Montevallo, Mo., Seed Planter. William Crook, Sr., Winnipeg, Canada, Motor. E. H. Truman, Wilmington, Del., Puzzle. D. Peters, Cincinnati, Tobacco Pipe. THE inventor's manual. 45 Oeorge Piddington, New Zealand, Rim Lock. W. B. Lawrence^ Columbus, Ohio, Printing Press. O.W. Newcomb, Welda, Kan,, Mail Box. J. G. Wiegand, Stockton, 111., Metal Roof, J. A. Elliott, Cincinnati, Velocipede and Stovepipe Joint. R. N. Reed, Covington, Ky., Camera and Clothes Drier. N. B. Marston, Lebanon, N. H., Floor Clamp. N. B. Gibson, Thorps Springs, Tex., Fire Screen. Oscar Mceller, Hamburg, Germany, Barometer. S. H. Cawley, Troy, Ohio, Fifth Wheel. liV. Heister, Cincinnati, Joist Lifter and Fire Escape. H. B. Richards, La Grange, Texas, Insect Exterminator. W. N. Sterner, Cincinnati, Road Cart. G. E. Eggert, Argo, N. C, Door Mat. G. W. Rhynearson, Cincinnati, Shutter Fastener. Arthur Porter, Galena, 111., Lawn Mower. B. Schroeder, Cincinnati, Dumping Wagon. O. C. Pratt, Tampico, Mexico, Seal Lock. F. J; Melvin, Shiawassee, Mich., Road Cart. C. E. Michaud, Yamaska, Canada. Car Coupling. C. H. Simmons, Munford, Ala., House Anchor. John J. Graf, Cincinnati, Wash Stand. Hazen & Hildreth, Cincinnati, Bicycle Brake. Kroness & Wuest, Cincinnati, Washing Machine. W. H. Babcock, Arlington, Iowa, Corn Planter. John Wallace, Redbank, Ohio, Return Postal. C. H. Th. Claus, St. Louis, Mo., Wardrobe. Patrick McDermott, Memphis, Tenn., Keys for Pulleys. Samuel H. Grimes, Moscow, Ohio, Window Shade Exhibitor, Mrs. Alice E, Mendenhall, Visalia, Ky,, Milk Vessel. Wendell Maus, Cincinnati, Elevator Gate. William Wright, Willink, N. Y., Car Coupler. Thomas H. Mooney, Covington, Ky., Coffin. E. M. Childs, Cincinnati, Advertising Cabinets. C. E. Bromwell, Cincinnati, Car Starter and Propeller, Charles Wetzel, Newport, Ky,, Folding Bed. A. R, Cusick, Allendale, 111,, Lock. „ William W. Bell, Valley Springs, Dak.. Buckle. Sarah A. Perry, Ripley, Ohio. Pencil Holder. J. C, Winsor, Viroqua, Wis,, Extension Ladder, Frank J. Hall, Rushville, Ind., Tile Kiln. S. T, Werley, Keokuk, Iowa, Fifth Wheel. Charles F. Filson, Point Pleasant, W. Va., Gutter Box for Tinners. W. H. Bruning, Madison, Ind., Coffee Roaster. • William Gray, Three Rivers, Mich., Paper Stock Drainers. Edward B. Elrod, Flora, 111., Foot Warmer, Lantern and Heater. George W. Coddington, Middletown, Ohio, Tools for Glass Jars. William Wild, Cincinnati, Pump, Rev, B, J. M, Menge, Cincinnati, Lamp, E. H. Williams, Dayton, O., Automatic Fire Extinguishing Acid Bottle. Daniel Lambert, Centreville, Mass., Dish Basin. Morris Seidell, Harrison, Ark., Egg Case, O. H. McKeldin, Louisville, Ky., Spindle Bearing. Robert Bigney, Copleston, Ont., Canada, Car Coupler. Wilson & Black, Bradford, Pa., Sucker Rod, E. Humbrecht, Cincinnati, Bicycle, Bourbon Current, Paris, Ky., Coffin Case, M, A, Farrell, New River, Tenn,, Furnace Attachment, C B. Saunders, Columbia, Mo,, Dish Washer, Geprge Feldkamp, Cincinnati, High Chair. Frank T. Foster, Cincinnati, Awning, J. Lawson, Denver, Colo,, Lawn Sprinkler. F. W. Martin, Eau Claire, Wis., Chair. B. F. Ellis, Honey Grove, Texas, Farm Gate, Synvita Co., Delphos, O., Remedies in Solid Form for Bronchial Diseases, William Weiand, New Bremen, Ohio, Hair Spring Regulator, A, S, Neal, Richmond, Texas, Car Coupler. M. Wilson, Honey Grove, Texas, Water Heater and Purifier. 46 THE inventor's MANUAL. Joseph Von Driska, Cincinnati, Vehicle Spring. ' John S. Edge, Bryan, Texas, Machine for Building Fences. A. W. Tipton, Topeka, Kansas, Coal Box. F. & V. Becker, Cincinnati, Baling Press (Two Patents). P. Dunbar, Cincinnati, Ironing Table and Clothes Drier. C. H.' Scholle, Cincinnati, Cigar Lighter. B. R. Deverall, Cincinnati, Cans (Two Patents). S. Hawker, Cincinnati, Bed Bottom. A. W. Koch, Cincinnati, Desk. F. Henry, Cincinnati, Egg Beater. S. Gosdorfer, Cincinnati, Pants. J. Krueger, Cincinnati, Toy Horse and Cradle. George S. Graf, Cincinnati, Veneering Machine. C. H. Kuhn, Cincinnati, Wood Filler. Martha A. IliflE, Cincinnati, Guides for Pen Holders. J. G. Wallace, Cincinnati, Envelope. Adkins & Bogenschutz, Cincinnati, Buggy Valance. Lewis & Brice, Cincinnati, Galvanic Battery. C E. Lecount, Cincinnati, Benzine Can. Dr. S. E. Hyndman, Cincinnati, Cosmetic Glove. Ed. W. Cox, Cincinnati, Cord Fastener. M. J. Somers, Cincinnati, Sash Fastener. Hak & Woodworth, Cincinnati, Cigar Table. Ross Forward, Cincinnati, Grain Scale, Car Coupler. Mrs. I. Hillen, Cincinnati, Stirrup. P. J. Welch, Cincinnati, Rheumatism Medicine. J. C. Pennington, Cincinnati, Planer Attachment. R. C. Nicholas, Cincinnati, Wardrobe. George Berkmyer, Cincinnati, Safe. T. J. Meierdirck, Cincinnati, Potato Digger. J. Cunninghain, Cincinnati, Hog Hoist. J. H. Caine, Jr., Cincinnati, Elevated Railway. J. B. Ford, Buena Vista, Miss., Muzzle. Wm. H. Fuller, Cincinnati, Combined Cane and Pan. C. E. Frick, Cincinnati, Lathe Attachment for Turning Rings. J. M. Nolan, Cincinnati, Press Attachment. C. F. Moellman, Cincinnati, Device for Tinting Sketches. B. Roux, Cincinnati, Stove Pipe Shelf. M. V. Bavis, Linwood, Ohio, Lathe Head. L. E. Ransom, Bryan. Ohio, Bed Bottom. S. H. Walz, Three Rivers, Mich., Hand Car. * B. F. Fowler, Eau Claire, Wis., Grain Separator. W. M. Curry, Morning Sun, Ohio, Thill Coupling. Lifallen & Pairen, Carroll, Ohio, Tug Link. J. Thomas, Galveston, Ind., Grain Scale. T. J. Muller, Lockland, Ohio, Screw Cutting Device. W. P. Myer, Terre Haute, Ind,, Elevator Bucket. J. F. A. Mumm, Newport, Ky., Toy Cap Exploder. A. G. Rogers, Lathrop, Mo., Hay Rake and Loader. M. W. Manar, Dayton, Ohio, Window Frame and Sash E. V. Heaford, Covington, Ky.,Sash Fastener, Door Check. Stockwell & Davis, Covington, Ky., Fruit and Vegetable Cutter. Dr. S. D. Spence, Ludlow Grove, Ohio, Appliance for Horses' Hoofs. J. Baker, Lebanon, Ohio, Shoe Box Indicator. H. S. Bradley, Gainesville, Ga., Compost. J. F. Dodds, Martinsburg, Ohio, Envelope. S. R. Holt, Worthington, Ohio, Bridge Truss. J. E. Morgan; Paducah, Ky., Bee Hive. W. C. C. Rouse, Florence X Roads, Ky., Railway Gate. AND Hundreds of Others Interior \ e \ of ^^ol iting Department Hranch Offices. H. M, McCORMACK, Agt., Buhl Block, DETKWT, MICH. A. 8. CARNES, Agl., Equitable Building, ATLANTA, GA. 1^ Branch Oflice. L. DEAXE, Associate, McGill Building, WASHIXGTOX, D. C Branch Office. W. C. SHEPARD, Agt., Story Building, NEW ORLEANS, LA Branch Office. H. ROTH, Agt, 406 Market St., ST. LOUIS, MO, J. Wm. SHEFFER, Agt., Home Friendly Building, BALTIMORE, MD. J.J CONNOLLY, Agt., Carter B'ld'g, BOSTON, MASS. f Itj Blanch Olliccs. C. A. PRESTON, Agt., Equitable Building, DENVER, COLO. C. C. SHiMER, Agt., N. Y: Life Building, OMAHA, NEB. K. Wm. SCHUCHMAN, Agt,, 93 Fourth Ave., PITTSBURG, PA. Bfanch Offices. W. L. COOKE, Agt., Society for Savings, CLEVELAND, O. Branch Oftiee. B. HGWARTH, Agt, Massacliusotts Building, K A.NSAS CITY, M(X AMERICAN PATENT AGENCY. Schiller Building, CHICAGO, ILL.