.//> 
 
 V 
 
 n 
 
4* 
 
 HALE'S HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 ^ BY DATES, 
 
 A SIMPLE RECORD OF 
 
 HISTORICAL EVENTS and 
 
 VICTORIES OF PEACEFUL INDUSTRIES. 
 
 PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH 
 
 The National Farmer ^ 
 
 ^ and Stock Grower, 
 
 WHICH IS ISSUED MONTHLY AT ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 I? 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 
 3550 VISTA AVE., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 FIFTH EDITION-JULY, 1915. 
 
 •+*++>fr*++***4'+*+**+*+****+'fr'fr •!•*++■* •«'-»''«-'f'4'*++'^'f**'l''f''l-'f+'«''l''f''l''f'»''fr'f'+* 
 
^ 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 * 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 Greatest Value Ever Offered For $1.00 
 
 THE VERY REST MONTHLY FARM PAPER FOR TWO 
 YEARS AND A COPY OF LAIRD & LEE'S 
 
 WEBSTER'S NEW 
 
 STANDARD DICTIONARY 
 
 AVHICH IS THE MOST COMPACT, USEFUL, HANDY, IN- 
 STRUCTIVE BOOK EVER ISSUED BY THE AMERICAN PRESS. 
 
 !L 
 
 L AIRD &LEB S 
 
 VftBSTEfe 
 
 J MEWSTANDARD 
 
 blCTIONARl? 
 
 ' 
 
 
 r 
 
 LAIRD & LEE'S Webster's 
 New Standard Diction- 
 ary of the English 
 Language — a wonderful 
 book, 756 pages in all, 840 
 illustrations, substantially 
 bound, gilt title, red edges, 
 patent thumb index. Special 
 edition for office and general 
 use on farms, estates, 
 ranches, etc.; massive but 
 handy; contains ten encyclo- 
 pedic features, supplement 
 of new words, dictionaries 
 of biography, geography, 
 musical terms. Biblical, 
 classical, historical and 
 mythological names, foreign 
 phrases, English word-build- 
 ing, rules in orthography, 
 current abbreviations, metric 
 system with conversion 
 tables; weighs twenty-eight 
 ounces. We are using 
 WEBSTER'S NEW STAND- 
 premium to the best monthly 
 
 ARD DICTIONARY as a subscription 
 farm paper in the United States. 
 
 The National Farmer and Stock Grower 
 
 is a nice, clean, general farm publication, full of practical, inter- 
 esting and instructive information. It contains good reading for 
 all the family. It is very useful to general farmers, to dairymen, 
 to vegetable and fruit growers, and especially so to cattle, hog and 
 sheep raisers and feeders, to horse and mule raisers and dealers, 
 and it contains more good poultry facts than most of the poultry 
 papers. The best live stock illustrations appear in THE NATIONAL 
 FARMER AND STOCK GROWER. There are thirty-two pages, 
 four columns to the page. It is published monthly. 
 
 SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS. 
 
 Our offer to you: Send us One Dollar and we will send you 
 THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER for two years, 
 and we will also send you, postage paid, safe delivery guaranteed, 
 one copy of this great WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. We also agree 
 to refund money and pay return postage to anyone who is not satis- 
 fied with the bargain. Address, 
 
 THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 li^ 
 
 

nnnnnnnnnnnaannnnnannnnn 
 
 g Copyright, lillS. ° 
 
 n by □ 
 
 □ THE HAI.E PUBLISHING CO., D 
 
 ° 3550 Vista Ave., ^ 
 
 Q ST. LOUIS, MO. p 
 
 □nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
 
 'CI.A401645 
 
4>4>4>4'4'4'4>i>4>4>4>4>4'4'4>4>4>4>4>4>4'4>'t4>4'4'4>4>4>4'4'<l>'l>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4-4>4*4-4'4'4>4>4>4>4>4> 
 
 Mr. PHILIP H. HALE, 
 
 Editor and Compiler 
 
 History of Agriculture by Dates. 
 
 4»4'+4'4»4'+4-4'+++4''M'+++*++4'*4'4''4'4'4'4'+4'4'+4'+4'**+4'+*4'4'*4'4"«"i'4"fr4>+ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ...HALE'S... 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 BY DATES. 
 
 THIS is the multiplication of brief items relating 
 to the Live Stock and Agricultural History 
 of the World. The intention was to make a short 
 but interesting list of items without publishing a 
 volume of any size. 
 
 In the attempt to grow a little unimportant 
 shrubbery we accidentally planted a Tree of 
 Knowledge, which, having lived and borne fruit 
 for four successive editions, is destined to become 
 the great and lasting historical record of the 
 Peaceful Industries of Humanity. 
 
 We have no apology to offer for the scraps of 
 information which are presented in the book. 
 Two-thirds of the items appearing in The History 
 of Agriculture by Dates occurred during the life- 
 time of the editor and were recorded in the current 
 news and literature of the day. The earlier items 
 are found in so many different compilations that 
 the original source of many facts of history con- 
 tained in this book is unknown. 
 
 This is the edition of 1915. It is not complete, 
 but is a useful and interesting book of reference. 
 Use it freely. A better edition will be issued later. 
 
 Respectfully submitted by 
 
 U/?^^i^6^^-^ 
 
 EDITOR AND COMPILER. 
 
 JUL -6 1915 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 BY DATES. 
 
 Edited by Philip H. Hale— Copyright by the Hale Publishing Co. 
 
 "If History without Chronologj^ is dark and confused, Chronology without 
 History is dry and insipid." — A. Holmes. 
 
 "THE EARTH AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF." 
 A variety of products from an ordinary farm in the center of the United States. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 SCRIPTURAIi QUOTATIONS. 
 
 And God said: "Let there be light;" and 
 tliere was light. The creation of the world. 
 
 "And God made the beast of the earth 
 after His kind and cattle after kind, and 
 everything that creepeth upon the earth 
 after His kind, and God saw that it was 
 good." 
 
 And God said: "Let the earth bring forth 
 grass, the herb yielding seed and the fruit 
 tree yielding fruit after His kind, whose seed 
 is in itself, upon the earth ;" and it was so. 
 
 "God made the earth and the heavens. 
 And evei"y plant of the field before it was in 
 the earth, and everj' herb of the field before 
 it grew, for the Lord had not caused it to 
 rain upon the earth and there was not a 
 man to till the ground." 
 
 Year. 
 
 4241 B. C. — Egyptian astronomers of the 
 Nile Delta gave to mankind the calendar 
 which divides the year into 365 days. Also 
 first recorded date in the history of the 
 world. 
 
 4004 B. C. — ^"Therefore the Lord God sent 
 him (Adam) forth from the garden of Eden 
 to till the ground,frojn whence he was taken." 
 
 4004 B. C. — "Thorns also and thistles shall 
 it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat 
 the herbs of the field." 
 
 4003 B. C. — "Abel was a keeper of sheep 
 and Cain was a tiller of the ground. 
 
 3875 B. C — "And Adah bare Jabal; he 
 was the father of such as dwell in tents and 
 have cattle." 
 
 3500 B. C. — According to archaeologists 
 horses were domesticated in Babylonia anl 
 the country now known as Asia Minor at a 
 very early period. Actual date is uncertain 
 within a few hundred years, and the infor 
 mation is obtained from the characters 
 appearing on the ruins of ancient buildings 
 
 2700 B. C. — 'At this early day certain 
 cereal and forage grasses now classed as 
 millets formed one of the chief sources of 
 food in China. The Chinese also claim that 
 wheat was used as food by them at the 
 iiame period as a direct gift from Heaven 
 
 2349 B. C. — "And the rain was upon the 
 earth forty days and forty nights." 
 
 2349 B. C. — According to the Scriptures 
 Noah entered the ark, taking with him of 
 clean beas's, by sevens, the male and the 
 female, and of beasts that are unclean, by 
 twos, the male and his female, and the 
 fowls of the air, by sevens, the male and 
 the female. 
 
 2348 B. C. — '"Neither shall all flesh be cut 
 off any more by the waters of a flood; 
 neither shall there any more be a flood to 
 destroy the earth." 
 
 2348 B. C. — "While the earth remaineth, 
 seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, 
 summer and winter, day and night, shall not 
 cease." 
 
 2000 B. C. — The Date Palm had already 
 
 become a well-known fruit tree at this time. 
 
 ^ 2000 to 1400 B. €. — Hindoos interested in 
 
 cattle raising valued their cows according 
 
 to the yield of butter. 
 
 1918 B. C. — "And Abraham was very rich 
 in cattle, in silver and in gold." 
 
 1918 B. C. — The land could not support the 
 immense flocks and herds of Abraham and 
 Lot, therefore they separated. Then Abraham 
 said unto Lot: "Let there be no strife be- 
 tween thy herdsmen and my herdsmen. If 
 thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go 
 to the right. If thou will go to tlie right I 
 will go to the left." 
 
 1898 B. C. — Abimilech gave many valu- 
 able presents to Abraham, such as oxen, 
 she-asses and he-asses, but no mention is 
 made of horses or swine. 
 
 1804 B. C. — "Then Isaac sowed in that 
 land and received in the same year an 
 hundred fold." 
 
 1747 B. C. — "And Reuben went in the days 
 of wheat harvest and found mandrakes in 
 the field and brought them unto his mother 
 Leah." 
 
 1746 B. C. — Jacob was the first to recog- 
 nize live stock breeding as a possibility. 
 
 He bred streaked, speckled and spotted 
 cattle and mated the strong with the 
 strong for his own purposes. He also made 
 the first known contract for running stock 
 on shares, which resulted in his getting the 
 best and largest share. 
 
 1715 B. C. — Commencement of the seven 
 years of abundance in Egypt, followed by 
 seven-years' famine, as foretold by Joseph 
 10 Pharaoh. ".\nd Joseph gathered corn as 
 the sand of the sea. very much, until he 
 left numbering; for it was without 
 number." 
 
 1700 B. C. — .Toi^eph gave the Egyptians 
 bread in exchange for horses. First men- 
 lion of the horse in the .Scriptures. 
 
 1500 B. C. — ^A tomb in Eigypt probably 
 built about this time bears a painting which 
 shows the various operations connected with 
 harvesting the grain. 
 
 1491 B. C. — "And the flax and the barley 
 was smitten, for the barley was in the ear 
 and the flax wag boiled. But the wheat and 
 rie were not smitten, for they were not 
 grown up." 
 
 1490 B. C. — "And every oblation of thy 
 meat offering shalt thou season with salt. 
 * * * With all thine offerings thou shalt 
 offer salt." 
 
 1471 B. C. — ^"Speak unto the children of 
 I.srael that they bring thee a red heifer 
 without spot, wherein is no blemish and 
 upon which never came yoke." 
 
 1451 B. C. — ^"A land of wheat, and barley, 
 and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; 
 a land of oil olive and honey." 
 
 FAT RtTMPFD SHLCP — Accoiding to 
 the earliest authentic accounts the flocks of 
 the patriarch.al shepherds were of the fat- 
 rumped breed. This is particularly an 
 .Asiatic sheep and found in Palestine in 
 larger numbers than any other breed. It is 
 also found in purest strain in the great 
 Tartary of Russia. It is known as the 
 largest breed of the unimiproved sheep. 
 The illustration is from a book entitled 
 "The American Shepherd," edited in 1843 
 by L. A. Morrell. Several other illustrations 
 are from the same volume. 
 
 1430 B. C. — Thothmes, III., greates^t of 
 the Egyptian kings, left a papyrus record 
 of his contest of Mesopotamia, in Asia, and 
 priding himself upon obtaining the racing 
 liorsc and introducing him into Egypt. 
 
 1400 B. C.^ — Fowls, the oldest recorded of 
 our domestic animal.s, were introduced into 
 China about this time. An ancient Chinese 
 authority say.s: "Fowls are creatures of the 
 West." The common fowl is supposed to 
 have sprung from the wild jungle cock in 
 the East Indies. 
 
 1312 B. C. — "And Boaz said unto Ruth: 
 "At mealtime come thou hither and eat of 
 the bread and dip thy morsel in the vinegar; 
 and she sat beside the reapers and he 
 reached her parched corn." 
 
 1193 B. C. — "To Helen in the Palace, 
 weaving there an ample web, a shining 
 double robe, whereon were many conflicts 
 fairly wrought." — ^Quotation from the Siege 
 of Troy. 
 
 1184 B. C. — ^"Endured by the horse -taming 
 sons of Troy." — 'Quotation from the Trojan 
 War. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1030 B. C — Then all the king's sons arose 
 and every man gat him upon his mule and 
 
 fled. 
 
 1030 B. C — "And it came to pass that 
 after two full years Absalom had sheep 
 shearers in Baalhazor." 
 
 1020 B. C — King- David of Israel was a 
 Brreat ranrhnian, as evidenced by his own 
 words: "F'or every beast of the forest is 
 mine and cattle upon a thousand hills." 
 
 1015 B. C— King David said: "Take with 
 you the servants of your L.ord and cause 
 Solomon, my son, to- ride upon mine own 
 mule." 
 
 1014 B. C. — "And .=;olomon had forty 
 thousand stalls of horses for hi.s chariots 
 and Iwelve thousand horsemen: barley, also, 
 and straw for their hor.-^es. and dromedaries 
 brought tliey also into the place where the 
 olficers were." 
 
 1014 B. C. — ".\nd .Solomon's provisions for 
 one day was thirty measures of fine flour 
 and three score measures of fine meal, ten 
 fat oxen and twenty oxen out of the pas- 
 tures and an hundred sheep, besides harts, 
 roebucks, fallow deer and fatted fowl." 
 King So'oinon's life records the first stall- 
 fed eattle and fatted poultry. 
 
 1000 B. r. — "Better a dinner of herhs 
 where love is than a stalled ox and hatred 
 therewith." From the Proverbs of Solomon. 
 
 992 B. C. — "And Solomon had horses 
 brought up out of Egypt and the king's 
 merchants received linen yarn at a price." 
 
 906 B. C. — ^And Ahale said unto Obadiah: 
 "Go into the land until all the fountains of 
 water and unto all brooks; peradventure we 
 may find g:rass to save the horses and mules 
 alive that we lose not all the beasts." 
 
 900 B. C. — The poet Homer flourished 
 about this time. In his Odyssey he says: 
 "He neyt betakes him to hisi evening cares. 
 And, sitting down, to nriilk his ewes prepares; 
 Of half their udders eases first the dams. 
 Then to their mothers' teats submits the 
 
 lambs. 
 Half the white stream to hardening cheese 
 
 he pressed, 
 And high in wicker baskets heaped; the 
 
 rest. 
 Reserved in I^owls. supplied the mighty 
 
 feast." 
 896 B. C. — "And Mesha, King of Moab, 
 was a sheeijn'iaster and rendered unto the 
 King of Israel one hundred tliousand lamlis 
 and an hundred thousand rams with the 
 wool." 
 
 753 B. C. — This is the year in which Rome 
 was .founded by Romulus. 
 
 725 B. C. — "Doth the plowman plow all 
 day to sow? Doth he open and break the 
 clods of his ground? When he hath inade 
 plain the face thereof, doth he not cast 
 abroad the fitches and scatter the cummin 
 and cast in the principal wheat and the 
 appointed barley and the rie in their 
 places?" 
 
 725 B. C. — "For his God doth instruct him 
 to discretion and doth teach him: "For the 
 fitches are not threshed with a thresliingr 
 instrument, neither is a cartwheel turned 
 about the cummin, but tlie fitches are beaten 
 out with a staff and the cummin with a 
 rod." 
 
 708 B C. — The Grecian colony of Taren- 
 line. in Italy, established a breed of fine- 
 wool shcep,imported there from Asia Minor. 
 
 680 B. C. — The horse was introduced into 
 the arena Ly the Greeks in the twenty-third 
 Olympiad and the birth of horse racing may 
 be fixed at this time. In the beginning the 
 horses were ridden and the contests were 
 over a distance of four miles; later, in the 
 twenty-fifth Olympiad, chariots were in- 
 troduced. 
 
 600 B. C. — At this time Angora groats 
 
 were known to exist at Angora, Aisia Minor. 
 .'595 B. C. — "Take thou also unto thee 
 millet and fitches, and put them in one 
 vessel and make thee bread thereof." 
 
 550 B. V. — Cincinnatns Roman patrician, 
 called from his farm to the dictatorship of 
 Rome in order to save the state. He suc- 
 ceeded in bringing peace to his country, and 
 then returned to his farm. 
 
 510 B. C. — Darius, one of the Persian 
 
 Chiefs, who had succeeded in dethroning 
 the usurper, the false Smerdis, was elected 
 King of Persia. The Chiefs agreed to meet 
 early one morning on horseback and to 
 bestow the crown upon the one whose horse 
 neighed first after sunri.se. It appears that 
 the groom of Darius, apprised of this 
 project, led his master's horse in the night 
 with a mare to the appointed place, and in 
 consequence of this stratagem the hor.se of 
 Darius neighed loud and long when the 
 Chiefs were assembled. Darius was then 
 saluted as King, and the choice was 
 approved by the people. 
 
 500 B. C. — "For he hath given you rain 
 moderately. * » • And the floors shall 
 be full of wheat and the fats shall overflow 
 with wine and oil." 
 
 495 B. C. — ^Job was a large stock owner. 
 "His substance was 7,000 sheep, 3,000 
 camels, .500 yoke of oxen and 500 she asses." 
 
 480 B. C— The battle of Thermopylae be- 
 tween the Greeks and the Persians was 
 fought in this year. 
 
 460 B. C. — Hippocrates knew something of 
 the movement of the blood. 
 
 450 B. C. — Butter used by the Scythians, 
 the people inhabiting the country near the 
 Black and Caspian seas. 
 
 400 B. C. — About ihis year Xenophon, a 
 Greek historian and soldier, wrote a de- 
 scription of a good horse and giving in- 
 structions how one may be the Iqast 
 deceived in the purchase of horses 
 
 THE FAT-TAILED SHEEP is considered 
 as a Persian production. This is a pure 
 breed found throughout Asia and a part of 
 ■Vfrica. They are herded upon the open 
 country. The carpets and rugs for which 
 Persia is famous are manufactured from the 
 wool of these sheep. 
 
 384 B. C. — Aristotle taught that in man 
 and the higher animals the blood was 
 elaborated from the food in the liver, 
 thence carried to the heart and by this 
 organ through the veins over the body. It 
 is called the discovery of the circulation of 
 the blood.. 
 
 .340 B. C. — Theophrastus, Greek philos- 
 opher, one of the first to study plant grow- 
 ing. He preserved the writings of Aristotle. 
 He spoke of the productions of old pear 
 trees. 
 
 313 B. C. — The Appian Way the "Queen 
 of Koads," extending 350 miles from Rome 
 to Drumdisium, was begun this year by 
 Caesar Appius Claudiu.s. It has borne the 
 iralTic of 2,000 years without material 
 injury. 
 
 264 B. C— Carthage, in Northern Africa, 
 at war witli Rome, almost continually, until 
 destroyed in the year 146 B. C. 
 
 149 B. C. — Cato, the Censor, Roman cit- 
 izen, died in this year. He gave to the 
 world the most minute particulars regard- 
 ing the management of slaves on his large 
 Sabine farm, also all the details of hus- 
 bandry, from the plowing to the reaping 
 and thrashing of the crop. 
 
 140 B. C. — As the Romans conquered the 
 smaller states of Italy they took possession 
 of the conquered lands, passed the Agrarian 
 law, which enacted that no citizen should 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 possess more than 500 acres. The enforce- 
 ment of this law occasioned civil war, which 
 lasted several years. 
 
 80 B. C. — Fine-wool sheep of Spain spoken 
 
 of by tne historian Strabo. 
 
 ,^?.^- 5'-;r'''*'* ^^ *•*«' y*"*"" of th»^ eruption 
 ot Mount Vesuvius, when Pompeii and Her- 
 eulaneum were destrojetl. 
 
 73 B. O. — The construction of the 
 
 Colosseum of Rome was begun this year 
 
 under the direction of the Emperor Ves- 
 pasian. 
 
 TiJ* ^V ^- — -"^ccordins to the naturalisr, 
 t 'my, the common cherry tree was intro- 
 duced mto Italy by the Roman soldier 
 T.UCU11US from .:'erasus. in Pontus, A,sia 
 Mmor, about this time. 
 ^ 60 B. C. — Butter first used by the Portu- 
 
 55 B C.—This is tlie year in which Julius 
 Caesar first visited Britain. 
 „/*,»• C-. Maieh 15.— This was the dav 
 of the assassination of Julius Caesar iii 
 
 40 B. C. — Virgil mentions pears Which he 
 received from Cato. 
 
 «hn'?,^^%?;7~l" '^® Georgrics, a poem written 
 about this time and which is the best 
 \Mr°pT "/, '-^'^ ancient works on agriculture, 
 \ir§il, the poet, advises husbandmen to 
 brin.? down the waters of a river upon the 
 
 rnd"tbT''!ii.S"'^ i"'"-''" ^^'^ ««''' '« parched 
 hrnw^f ^ u-f, ^l''>""f' convey it from the 
 blow of a hiU in channels." This is the 
 iir.st writing on irrigation. 
 
 ihV ■§• ^'-""l" t>^'s year the Romans under 
 
 i^ntwn''^™'' '^STippa built the famous 
 
 lantheon oc eonerete. This building is still 
 
 standin.- and the splendid dome, 142 feet 
 
 [eria^City" ""'' °^ ^"^ **'^'''' °* ^^^ ^"'' 
 
 CHRISTIAN ERA— FIRST CENTURY. 
 
 31.— "The kingdom of heaven is like to a 
 grain of mustard seed which a man took 
 and sowed in his field, which is indeed the 
 ea.st of all seeds, but when it is grown it i« 
 
 fodt'p in t^^^^'^^ ''u'"''^ °^ "^^ ■'^"- come and 
 lodge in the branches thereof." 
 
 32. — ^And Jesus said unto him: "No man 
 having put his hand to the plow, and look" 
 ing back. IS fit for the kingdom of God!" 
 „„l*-~^" . interesting and valuable item 
 
 keSf''?n'^ r" '^"^ /'^.^'^ Diurna," a record 
 kept in Rome during the reign of the 
 Emperor Caligula and reproduced later 
 "TheU':nn'' -V^'?'' '" his'^work entiUed 
 Tri^^J^ifi^" °^ Tnmalchio." It seems that 
 ?ta iv ^nli i^^''^'"^ farmer near Cumae, in 
 ilrlr^t J^ .^'^. ^^""^ occupied an immense 
 tVv% -ni *r'''''°!J:, "^'^e work referred to 
 IZV n " •^""'^ '-^*'^' °" Trimalehio's farm 
 near Cumae. were born seventy children of 
 whom thirty-.six were of the male sex. The 
 same day fifty thousand modii of wheat 
 were removed from the thrashing floor to 
 he granaries; nve hundred young oxen 
 were broken The same day one of the 
 cruc'iflxinn"''"^ Mithridates, was executed bv 
 crucifixion, because he had cursed the 
 sacred name of the emperor, 
 
 brm,•^t'■^f'iw^*^'''■^•/^" '"*« S^O"*! ground and 
 
 Drought forth fruit, some an hundred-fold 
 some sixty-fold and some thirty-fold." 
 
 eraM,T'V?°,"^ MV'' *""*' Lucius Junius Mod- 
 ? vin . r°"i"'""'' '^ .Roman citizen, wrote 
 twelve books on agriculture, one of which 
 ?e,.5i""'^^"'"^'^' ^"^*t"'a De Re Rustica, is in 
 nons'h.Ynt "''^'■^s are still extant, transla- 
 tions being available, 
 
 ,^*- — ^-^ supposed improved variety of 
 ■rj "•'"'^'^ introduced in Britain about the 
 middle of the first century. 
 
 Cnln'r^Tl^? ^^^ ^V^^. "^ Emperor Claudius, 
 rntl-.^,^ ; "" distinguished agriculturist, 
 introduced many of the Tarentine breed of 
 sheep from Italy into Spain, which oountrv 
 \\as under Roman dominion at that time 
 n,f^ K*^" ""^'^^ S- -eneral improver of sheep 
 fml^rf^"'^'^'' -*"" ["-ineipal originator of an 
 i^^ f hne-wool sheep husbandi-,-, which 
 ,\^!^. ^\. ^'P^'" '^^'s enriched three conti- 
 nents—Europe. America and Australia. 
 
 *''*• — ^Poppaea Sabina. wife of Nero, Em- 
 peror of the Romans, is reported to have 
 
 paid a sum equal to American four cents a 
 quart for asses' milk to bathe in. 
 
 75. — In Pompeii, an ancient city of Naples, 
 afterwards destroyed by an eruption of 
 Mount Vesuvius, it is stated that a six- 
 ounce loaf of wheat bread cost a sum equal 
 io three cents of the present day. 
 
 75. — 'Publicus Cornelius Tacitus, Roman 
 historian. mentions the manufacture of 
 woolen cloth at Cirencester, Gloucestershire, 
 in England, stating that the fullers (engaged 
 in finishinig oloth) were allowed to dry their 
 cloth by the roadsides. ^ 
 
 77. — ^Pliny, the Elder, Roman author, 
 bnrn A. D. 23, left a work entitled "Natural 
 History." In his writings there is the 
 first account of a machine for reaplii.g 
 grain. He says: "In the extensive fields in 
 the lowlands of Gaul, vans of large size, 
 with pro.iecting teeth on the edge, are 
 driven on two wheels through the standinf; 
 srain by an ox in a reversed position; in 
 this manner the ears are torn olf and 
 llird'.vn into the van." 
 
 THE THIRD CENTURY. 
 
 380. — It is generally believed that about 
 this time Emperor Probus encouraged the 
 planting of vineyards in Britain. 
 
 THE FOURTH CENTURY. 
 
 325. — Included in the writings which 
 assert that Egypt. Nubia. Assyria and 
 Persia all had horses before Arabia, is the 
 assertion that the Roman Emperor Constan- 
 tine presented the Arab Sheiks of the triVte 
 called Yemen with 200 well-bred horses 
 from Cappadocia. in Asia Minor. Constaii- 
 tine died in the year U;?7. 
 
 400. — From this year to 409 the Romans 
 were leaving Britain. 
 
 THIC FIFTH CENTURY. 
 
 453. — Year in whic'h the city of Venice 
 was founded. 
 
 476. — About this .vear commenced a 
 period in which for several hnudred years 
 were called the Dark Ages. 
 
 THE SEVENTH CENTURY. 
 
 632, June 30. — This is the year of the 
 Ilegira, the name given to the flight of the 
 Prophet 3Iahomet from Mecca. 
 
 THE EIGHTH CENTURY. 
 
 732. — The battie of Tours, in which 
 Charles Martel defeated the Saracens, is 
 considered as contributing to the establish- 
 inent of horse breeding in LaPerche and 
 Normandy. On distribution of the spoils of 
 war many Saracen horses went to these 
 provinces, where they were crossed upon the 
 marcs of Brittany, and on the luxuriant 
 pasturage developed a draft horse of great 
 excellence, the Percheron horse of France. 
 
 THE NINTH CENTURY. 
 
 895. — King Alfred the Great of England 
 encamped his army near London to protect 
 the harvest reapers while gathering their 
 crops against excursions of the Danes. 
 
 THE TENTH CENTURY. 
 
 936. — -About this time. according to 
 Whyte, in his History of the British Turf, 
 the earliest mention of race horses in 
 England, called running horses in those 
 days, was when Hugh Capet, founder of the 
 royal house of that name in France, sent 
 horses as a present to King Athelstane, 
 whose sister, Ethelswitha, he was soliciting 
 in marriage. 
 
 THE EI^EVENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1016. — Poiton jacks of France mentioned 
 
 in literature of that day. 
 
 1040 (about). — First windmills erected in 
 EuroiJe. 
 
 1066. — Horse shoeing was introduced into 
 England from Normandy by William the 
 Conqueror. 
 
 1100. — The Japanese court ladies as early 
 as this date prepared a favorite perfume 
 from the IJanianas rose. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 TlIK TWELFTH CENTURY. 
 
 11.50 (about). — ^Cot-f>\v(»l(l sheep imported 
 into Ens-laud from .Spain. Tliis i.s not Quito 
 authfntic. A century later (^otswold.s wore 
 a well-known breed in England. 
 
 1 1. 'SO. — Smitlifield, in the center of liOndon, 
 lir.st mentioned as a live cattle iiiiirket. 
 
 1153. — William Hale-Hale, historian .and 
 editor of the •'Dome.sday Book" of St. 
 Paul's Catliedral of London, England, mal:5H 
 record of leasing the chiireh fai-nis in Hert- 
 fordshire, England, which jjrovided that the 
 'enant should cultivate and conduct tlie 
 farm on what was called the three-field hus- 
 bandry, a rotation of about one-third in 
 oats, one-third in wheat or rye, and one- 
 third fallow or "terre warecunda." Th" 
 custom wa.s to rotate crops from beginning 
 lo end of the lease and to restore the land 
 lo the owner in the condition it was leased. 
 
 1158. — In the accounts of the Briti.sh gov- 
 ernment of 115S-9 occur mention of pay- 
 ments to the vine dressers of Windsor, it 
 appears also that the gardens at Windsor 
 were enclosed by a ditch. 
 
 1105. — The earliest drawing or view of a 
 monastic garden in England was that of 
 Canterlmry, and was drawn by tlie Engineer 
 Wibert. It is now preserved in the librarv 
 ■ >f Trinity College, Cambridge. The pl.m 
 records the trees and vines, fish ponds, etc. 
 
 11T(). — ^Early evidence of the existence of 
 orchards is a Bull of Pope Alexander. III., 
 i.ssued in this >ear, confiscating the property 
 of tlie monks of Winchenley, in Gloucester- 
 shire, England, with the "town of Swiring 
 and all its orchards." 
 
 1185. — The manufacture of wool first men- 
 tioned in fin.elish literature. 
 
 ll!)9. — Kin.g John of England encoura.ged 
 horse breeding: by importing Flemish stal- 
 lions — 0!-igin of the Knglisli draft horse. 
 
 THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1210. — According to the Historian Speed, 
 King John of England received from Mau;i 
 i)e Breos forty cows and a bull, all wliite 
 with red ears, as a present to liis queen, m 
 order to appease hi& majesty, wliom h jr 
 liu'sband De Breos, had offended. 
 
 1213. — .\Iexander Neecham, Bishop of 
 Cirencester, in England, a learned writer, 
 touched incidentally upon fruit, vegetable 
 and herb growing and llowers. He men- 
 tioned that a garden should be adorned with 
 loses and Ulies, turnsole, \iolets and man- 
 drake. The garden should have parsley and 
 cost, and fennel, lettuce, cress, onions, leek, 
 garlic, pumpkins, shalots and cucumbers. 
 He also mentions meddlars. quinces. Warden 
 pears, peaches and pears at St. Regula. 
 
 1215, June 15. — At Ilunnyniede, King Jolin 
 was forced to grant the English people a 
 great measure of libert.v by signing the 
 Alagiia Cliarta. 
 
 12:!<). — At this time a hen in Paris was 
 generally sold for an amount equal to 
 American two cents. 
 
 1249. — A Scottish historj' mentions black 
 (Galloway) cattle as being reared in great 
 r.uiTibers. 
 
 ST.NNT.EY OF M.APLES — A TE.VREING 
 GALLOWAY BULL. Junior and grand 
 champion of the Galloways at the Illinois 
 
 State Fair of 1909. Exhibited by C. S. 
 Hechtner, of Chariton, Iowa. At the Amer- 
 ican Royal Show this young bull was first 
 in ills class. 
 
 1259. — Henry, III., of England, made ex- 
 tensive alterations at the palace of West- 
 minster, and among payments to carpenters 
 and other workmen was an Item of pay- 
 ment to laborers for "leveling the area of 
 the garden with a roller." 
 
 1374.— -In this year, in A'enice, it is re- 
 corded that a pi.g sold for the equivalent 
 Hi fitty cents in American money. 
 
 1290. — The first importation of oranges 
 uito England in a cargo of assorted fruit 
 from Spain. 
 
 1292. — The only kind of apple specially 
 noticed in England at this time was the 
 'Costard." This variety has been preserved 
 in history by the word "C'ostermonger," the 
 name by which the sellers of this fruit 
 were known. The Costard apple was the 
 most popular for several centuries. The 
 Regul pear .and the Calluewell pear were 
 also early fruits. 
 
 THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1305. — In the tiine of Edward, I., King of 
 England, the "acre" as a land measure was 
 
 ■educed to a standard. 
 
 1317. — According to the New Interna- 
 tional Encyclopedia, in August of this year, 
 in England, wheat was twelve times as high 
 in pj-ice as in the following September. It 
 was a period of alternations of indolence 
 and bustle, of feasting and semi-starvation. 
 Uye was the hreadstuflf of the peasantry. 
 Little m.anure was used. Oxen, not horses, 
 were used for teams. 
 
 1327. — Edward, IIT , in order to impro^"e 
 the breed of horses, prohibited exportation. 
 
 1340. — First "worsted" manufactured at 
 Worsted, in Norfolk, England. Worsted is 
 spun wool manufactured into cloth. 
 
 1345.— -At this time, in England, and near 
 Tiondon particularly, fruits and vegetables, 
 such as then were raised, were sold at a 
 market place near St. Paul's church yard, 
 ;.ut owing to the "scurrility, clamor and 
 nuisance (,f the gprdeners and their ser- 
 vants, which had become so obnoxious to 
 'he people dwelling there," the Mayor and 
 Aldermen being appealed to, de'signated a.n- 
 ■>ther place (now called Austin Friars), 
 where sales could be made, and riowhere else. 
 
 1346. — First authorization in England for 
 the erection of toll-gates under King 
 Edward. III. 
 
 1352.-— The Mmoner at Winchester Cathe- 
 dral, in Ens-land, made note that this was a 
 bad year for apples; also that the cid-jr 
 supply gave out. 
 
 1369. — About the earliest account books of 
 farming operations were kept and preserved 
 at the Norwich Priory and Abingdon Abbey, 
 in England. These accounts show the 
 receipts and expenses of the garden opera- 
 lions, but not the plants that were grown 
 or the processes of cultivation. 
 
 1380 (about). — Richard, II.. King of 
 England, compelled horse dealers to limit 
 iheir prices to a fixed maximum. 
 
 THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1403. — Sir William Clopton, an English- 
 man, granted to Thomas Smyth a piece of 
 .ground, called Dokmedwe, in Houstede, for 
 the annual payment of a rose to Sir Wil- 
 liam and his heirs, the demand for roses 
 being so great in those days that bushels 
 were frequently paid by vassals to their 
 lords, both in En.gland and France. 
 
 1430. — In this year it is said that England 
 imported raw cotton from the Levant, 
 which includes Egypt, Asia Minor, islands 
 and countries east of Italy, in or bordering 
 ■)n the Mediterranean Sea. It -tt'as then 
 nanied cotton wool. 
 
 1440. — The earliest linown original work 
 on gardening, written in English, was I'y 
 Ion G.nrdenpr, and the manuscript exists in 
 Trinity CoHps-e, England, to this day. It 
 w,as called "The Feate of Gardening." The 
 treatise -was so tlioroughly practical that the 
 directions it contains might he followed 
 with successful results to the present day. 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1449. — In PTnerland the tenant was for the 
 first time secured in possession, during term 
 of lease, ajrainst a buyer of the land. 
 
 1467. — Pemiission granted by King Henry, 
 IV., of England, to export a few Cotsvvold 
 sheep to Spain. 
 
 14(59. — In England, the tenant fanner wa.s 
 first protected from having his property 
 carried off for the landlord's debts beyond 
 the amount of rent due. 
 
 1472. — In this year, in Venice, Jensen, a 
 publisher, printed the existing works of 
 Columella on agricultural subjects which 
 were written in the first century. 
 
 1485. — Previous to the reign of Henry, 
 VII., King of England, which began in 
 this year, there did not grow in that 
 country any vejfelable or eatable root, such 
 as carrot, parsnip, cabbage, etc. 
 
 1488. — In England a law was passed to 
 stop laying arable land to pasture and suf- 
 fering farm houses to fall to ruin. Owners 
 were required to till a portion of the boil 
 and keep the farm houses in repair. 
 
 1490. — Comparative Peace, which followed 
 the Wars of the Roses in England, encour- 
 aged a new style of architecture. The 
 gardens were no longer confined within the 
 castle walls. The red brick houses suc- 
 ceeded old castles. Some houses with 
 gardens were surrounded by a moat, but 
 gardens were soon extended outside the 
 moat. Trellis railings also came into 
 fashion and remained in vogue for many 
 years. 
 
 1493. — Discovery of America. 
 
 MERINO RAM — TWO YEARS OLD. 
 Grand champion, Lfouisiana Purchase Expo- 
 siition, St. Loui-s, 1904. Exhibited by R. D. 
 Williamson, of Xenia, Ohio. 
 
 1493. — Sheep of Spanish origin brought to 
 the United States by Christopher Columbus. 
 
 1493. — First cattle intoduced into America 
 by Columbus from the West India Islands. 
 
 1493. — Hogs brought over by Christopher 
 Columbus on hi.s second voyage, landing 
 at Hispanola. 
 
 1493. — Indian corn (maize) first taken to 
 Europe. 
 
 1494. — In this year Henry the Seventh, 
 King of England, passed a law that no one 
 should export a horse or mare, or carry it 
 beyond sea except for his own use. With 
 this exception, that any mare of three years 
 old and upwards, whose price was not above 
 six !-hi!)ings and eight pence, might be 
 exported; the owner, however, was cnn,- 
 pelled to sell her at the port to any person 
 who should pay him seven shillings. 
 
 1500. — In the reign of Henry, VII., gelding 
 or castrating horses first practiced in 
 England. 
 
 THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 1509. — The common garden or bush bean 
 first cultivated in England. 
 
 1516. — In this year the gooseberry bush 
 was planted in the gardens of Henry VIII., 
 King of England. 
 
 1520. — At thi.s period hops were first cul- 
 tivated in England. 
 
 1521. — Cortez, Spanish commander, enter- 
 
 ing Anahuac, the Aztec capital of Mexico, 
 discovered buffalo in the menagerie of the 
 ICing. Montezuma. 
 
 1523. — Rice culture reported to be suc- 
 cessful in liombardy. Northern Italy. 
 
 1523. — In a letter written to friends in 
 Europe, Alejandro Geraldine, then Bishop 
 of Santo Oomingo, mentions turkeys. He 
 is regarded as the first author who refers 
 to this fowl. 
 
 1534. — ^According to C. L. Bonaparte, in 
 his Natural History of Birds, turkeys 
 arrived in England in this year from Spain. 
 .Although turkeys were originally from the 
 American islands and continent, the English 
 .=-upposed or were told the birds were origin- 
 ally from Turkey, which gave them a satis- 
 factory name, although they were not en- 
 titled to it. At this time all commerce 
 between America and Europe was with 
 Spain. 
 
 1534. — The apricot introduced into Eng- 
 land by "Woolf, the gardener to King 
 Henry, VITI. 
 
 1525. — 'Spaniards exported the first cattle 
 from the West Indies into Old Mexico. 
 
 1526. — ^The pineapple mentioned by Oviedo, 
 who called it Pinais. Oviedo y Valdes was 
 Spanish historian of the new world and was 
 Governor of the Island of Hispanola. 
 
 1537. — Florida the first part of the main 
 land of the United States to receive horses 
 from the Spaniards. 
 
 1539. — When the king, Henry, VIII., of 
 England, took possession of Cardinal Wol- 
 sey's lands, including Hampton Court, he 
 retained .John Chapman, the head gardener, 
 Of course, the gardener received board and 
 lodging. 
 
 1530.— Salads, carrot.s and other edible 
 roots first produced in England. 
 
 1530. — The strawberry introduced into the 
 gardens of England from Flanders. 
 
 1533. —Richard Harris, an English fruit 
 .grower, in service of King Henry, VIII., 
 planted many apple orchards in the county 
 of Kent, near London. 
 
 1534. — In England, owing to large num- 
 bers of sheep naving come into few persons' 
 liands, a penalty wa.s imposed on all who 
 kept above 2,000 sheep. 
 
 1534. — The Book of Husbandry printed in 
 this year. Fiist and best of early English 
 works on agricultuj-e; ascribed to Fitzher- 
 bert, a .ludge in the reign of Henry, VIII. 
 1534. — Extract from Book of Husbandry: 
 ".\nd bycause that shepe in myne opynyon 
 is the mooste profytablest cattell that any 
 man can haue, therefore I pourpose to 
 speake fyrst of shepe." 
 
 1534. — Quotation from the Book of Hus- 
 bandry, published in this year: "A housebande 
 cannot thi-yvc by his corne without cattell, 
 nor by his cattell without corne." 
 
 1534. — ^From the Book of Husbandry: 
 "And in the beginning of March or a lyttel 
 afore, is tyme for a wife to make her 
 garden, and to gette as many good sedes 
 and herbes as be good for the potte and to 
 eate, and as ofte as nede shall require; 
 it must be weded, for els wedes wyl ouer- 
 growe the herbes." 
 
 1534. — In Great Britain, different individu- 
 als in the previousi years had accumulated 
 in their own hands a number of landed 
 properties, a multitude of cattle, and espe- 
 cially of sheep. Some of them possessed 
 24,000 sheep, others 10,000, etc. Tillage was 
 thereby displaced, the country depopulated 
 and the price of sheep and wool raised in 
 an unheard-of manner. It was then pro- 
 vided by law that no one, therefore, shall 
 possess more than 3,000 sheep, with the ex- 
 ception of laymen on their own inheritance, 
 who may keep as many as they please, but 
 they may not carry on sheep farming on 
 other properties. 
 
 1535. — In this year, when the French 
 uavigator Cartier visited the country which 
 is now called Montreal, he found the town 
 was situated in the midst of extensive com 
 tields. 
 
 1535. — Captain Jacques Cartier, FYench 
 navigator and explorer, in his visit to the 
 St. Lawrence river, saw and admired the 
 wild plum trees of North America. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 11 
 
 1535. — King Henry, VIII.. of England had 
 laws passed for selection and mating for 
 the impprovenient of horses and to elimi- 
 nate scruhs. 
 
 1540. — Beginning in April, Francisco Vas- 
 quez de Coronado, the Spanish explorer, 
 penetrated to the country adjacent to the 
 Ivittle Colorado, where he found maize, 
 Guinea cocIjs and peas in possession of the 
 natives. 
 
 1541. — ^In the record of the travels of 
 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado In the ter- 
 ritory now comprised in the state of 
 Kansas, he said: "All that way the plains 
 are as full of orookcd-baelt oxen (buffalo) 
 as the Mountain of Serena in Spain is of 
 sheep." 
 
 1542. — At Barcelona, Spain, in this year, a 
 recorded price for eggs was equal to twelve 
 cents a hundre'd. 
 
 1542. — A plant named Shorghi (modern 
 sorghum) described by Fuchius, of Belgium, 
 author of History of Plants. 
 
 l.')47. — In the reign of Edward, VI., King 
 of England, expoitation of horses to Scot- 
 land was prohibited. 
 
 1548. — ^Tbe common jasmine (J. officinale) 
 introduced into England from the East. 
 
 1.549, March 'Uh. — Bishop l.attimer preached 
 his famous "SeiTiion of the Plough" before 
 the Court of King Edward, VI., of England, 
 and complained that where formerly there 
 were dwellings and inhabitants there is only 
 the shepherd and his dog. He reproached 
 the land owners with depopulating the 
 country by turning cultivated farms into 
 stock ranches. 
 
 1550. — The origin of the Damask rose is 
 unknown, but it wa.s introduced into Europe 
 from Asia Minor some time in the sixteenth 
 century, and about this year. 
 
 1550. — The peach, which Is a native of 
 Persia, was considerably cultivat<:i in 
 Britain about this time. 
 
 15.'>0. — De Re Rustica. first work on agri- 
 culture, published by Conradus Keres- 
 bachius, being translation of ancient work 
 by Columella. 
 
 1550. — In this year Evlya Effendi, a 
 Turk, wrote an elaborate description of the 
 Angora goat. 
 
 1551. — Konrad von Gessner, an eminent 
 Swiss naturalist, established a garden of 
 fruits and flowers. He published a history 
 of annuals and classification of plants. 
 
 1551. — Bishop Scory. of Rochester, pre 
 sented a petition to the King of England, 
 saying that now there are only "ten ploughs 
 where formerly there were from forty to 
 fifty." He said that the country population 
 of England would soon be more like the 
 slavery and peasantry of France than the 
 ancient .and godly yeomanry of England. 
 The land owners found it easier to make 
 money running grass farms than cultivating 
 grain crops. 
 
 1552. — The grapevine first Introduced into 
 England from Flanders. First, planting in 
 the county of Suffolk. 
 
 1553. — The currant slirub was imported 
 into England from the Greek island named 
 Zante. The currant was originally named 
 after the city of Corinth, which was an 
 important Greek mercantile and exporting 
 center. 
 
 IS.'iS. — In the great famine in England in 
 this year, wild fitches kept many farmers 
 and others from starving. Fitches are the 
 fennel tlovver, a coarse kind of pea, hard but 
 nutritious. 
 
 1555. — In this year, in reporting his ob- 
 servations. Sir Ralph Lane, the English 
 Administrator in America, said that the 
 grapes of Virginia were larger than those 
 of France, Spain or Italy. Sir Ralph Lane 
 was the first Governor of Virginia. 
 
 1562. — Tusser in his "Five Hundred 
 Points of Oood Husbandry," says: 
 "Wife, into the garden and set me a plot 
 With strawberry roots of the best to be 
 
 got. 
 Such growing abroad, among thorns in the 
 
 wood. 
 Well chosen and picked, prove excellent 
 good." 
 
 1562. — Earliest planting of fruit by white 
 
 men in North America. The Sipanlards 
 under Menedez planted orange trees at St. 
 Augustine, Fla. 
 
 ISOS. — Jesuit Fathers planted pears In 
 the region of the Great American Lakes. 
 
 1562. — The book, entitled "Five Hundred 
 Points of Good Husbandry," by Tusser, was 
 recommended to he taught in Bngliah 
 schools. It was written in verse. 
 
 1565. — iSir John Hawkins credited with 
 introducing the potato in Fngland in this 
 year. 
 
 1562. — Peaches introduced Into England 
 from Persia. 
 
 1562. — Quotation from Tusser: 
 "First barley ere rye. 
 Then Pease bye and Dye, 
 Then fallow for wheat. 
 Is husbandry Great." 
 
 1562. — This is the year in which the 
 Elnglish walnut is credited with arriving in 
 England from Rome, where it -was called 
 "the Nut of the Gods." 
 
 1504. — According to an article by Geo. C. 
 Husman, of the Department of Agriculture, 
 considerable wine was produced from a 
 native grape in Florida as early as 1564. 
 
 1565. — Nicolo Monardes published writings 
 on American plants, probably the earliest 
 separate writings on the subject. Issued in 
 serial form in Spain. 
 
 1565. — In this year the Spanish colonies 
 in Florida were visited by John Hawkins, 
 an English captain, who said that twenty 
 hogsheads of wine had been made in a 
 single season from the wild grapes. 
 
 1565.- -In a letter of this date Gessner, 
 the Swiss bot.inisl, mentions the 3Iusk rose 
 as growing in a garden at Augsburg. 
 
 1565. — Tjarge importations of sheep In 
 Florida from Spain. Supposed J:o be the 
 Churro, or common sheep of Spain. 
 
 1565. — Menedez founded a settlement at 
 St. Augustine, Fla., the first permanent 
 colony on this continent. 
 
 WHITEHALL MARSHALL — Champion 
 Shortliorn bull. 
 
 1567. — Charles, IX., King of France, issued 
 a decree in regard to Paris slaughter houses 
 and ordering improvements in butchering 
 methods. The slaughter houses abutted on 
 the principal thoroughfares, hordes of foot- 
 sore animals impeded traffic, the offal was 
 ieft on the streets and was washed by rains 
 into the river Seine. 
 
 1570. — Hemp and flax mentioned as being 
 common crops in England. Buckwheat also 
 mentioned as sown after barley. 
 
 1571. — The Festival of the Rose instituted 
 by Pope Pius, V., in thanksgiving for the 
 victory gained by the Christians over the 
 Ttirks at Lepante. 
 
 1573. — The hollyhock introduced from 
 Syria into English gardens. 
 
 1573. — •Coff'ee. a native of Arabia, Felix 
 and Ethiopia, first introduced to the notice 
 of Europeans by Ranmulfus. 
 
 1574. — Reynolde Scott, in England, pub- 
 lished a treatise on the culture of hops. 
 
 1578. — "Whole Art of Husbandry" printed 
 in England bj' Barnaby Googe, rruostly trans- 
 tion from the German. 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1580. — iBetween this year and 1585 the 
 Irish potato was introduced into Europe by 
 the .Sipaniards. 
 
 1580. — Shorthorned cattle existing in Dur- 
 ham and Yorkshire, Kngland, from which 
 tlie modern Shorthoms are in greater part 
 descended. 
 
 1582. — ^The first record of the Musk rose 
 having been cultivated in England is in 
 Ricliard Hal^luyt's writings, in this year, 
 who states that it was brought from Italy. 
 
 1583. — In this year, in England, in one 
 of the southwest counties, a capon cost six- 
 pence (11 cents), a calf five shillings 
 ($1.20), a firkin of butter seven shillings 
 and sevenpence (S1.S2), a cock (for fight- 
 ing) fourpence (S cent.';), a pullet three- 
 pence (6 cents), a milch cow cost thirty 
 shillings ($7.20), a bullock seven shillings 
 ($1.68), a horse twenty-two shilling.s 
 (.$5.2,9), a porkling twenty-eight pence, or 
 50 cents. 
 
 1584. — Don Antonio de Bspe.io, sent by Iho 
 Viceroy of New ,Sipain, explored the Peccs 
 river country and inentioned a great multi- 
 tude of oxen or kine (buffalo) that fed 
 upon the banks thereof, by which they 
 traveled for the space of 120 leagues, still 
 meeting with "store of the said cattell." 
 
 1584. — Sir Waller Raleigh fitted out an 
 expedition in England and landed In 
 America. The colon.v was called Virginia. 
 As ihey did not cultivate the soil, they 
 were starved out and returned to England 
 the ne.vt year, where they introduced 
 tobacco. 
 
 1586. — ^In this year Sir Francis Drake is 
 credited with introducing the potato in 
 England. 
 
 1586. — On his return from Virginia, Sir 
 Walter Raleigh introduced potatoes and 
 tobacco in Ireland. He had an estate at 
 Myrt'e Lodge, Youhal, county Cork. Thi' 
 potatoes were suit.able to the climate an. I 
 fiourislaed, becoming a great benefit to the 
 island, but the tobacco growing met with 
 poor success in Ireland. 
 
 1588. — Thomas Harlot, a returned coloni.-5t 
 belonging to the Sir Walter Raleigh expe- 
 dition to Virginia, published in London the 
 tiist article ever written on Indian corn m 
 Nortli America. It was again published in 
 Frankfort and illustrated by De Bry, a 
 wood engraver. 
 
 CHEVIOT EWE — Grand champion at the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. 
 
 1588. — Origin of Cheviot slieep said to be 
 that sheep swam ashore from the wrecked 
 ships of the Spanish Armada and escaped 
 to the Cheviot hills. 
 
 1591. — The coffee plant scientifically de- 
 scribed by Alpinus. 
 
 15!>4. — Sir Hugh Plat, in a book entitled 
 "Jewel House of Art and Nature," makes 
 useful observations on manures. 
 
 1594. — In this year, in Warwickshire, 
 England, a farm laborer received fourpence 
 (8 cents) a day, with "meat and drink," or 
 eightpence to tenpence finding himself. 
 Mowers got eightpence (16 cents) vvitn 
 food, or fourteenpence (28 cents) without 
 it: reapers, sixpence to twelvepence, accord- 
 ing to whether they boarded themselves or 
 not. 
 
 1596. — Gerarde speaks thus early of the 
 
 white lily — the lily of tlie poets and paint- 
 er.H — being' iin ild ii-ard<^n plant. 
 
 15!)7. — The cauliflower known in England 
 but very rare The plant was mentioned 
 by a writer named Gerarde, and was sup- 
 posed to have CQme from Italy. 
 
 1597. — The common and well-known lilac 
 introduced into European countries by way 
 of Constantinople. 
 
 1597. — In this year John Gerarde pub- 
 lished his Herbal or General History of 
 Plants. Born in 1545 and educated as a 
 surgeon, his tastes led him to study the 
 cultivation of plants. His garden at Hol- 
 born (now in the center of London), 
 England, excelled any in that country. His 
 book was the standard in botany for a 
 hundred ye-irs. 
 
 LEICESTER SHEEP- -SANFORD. Weight, 
 420 pounds heaviest ram exliibited. Fleece 
 record, 26 poui.ds. Grand champion of the 
 breed at the Loui.siana Purchase Exposition, 
 1904. Exhibited by Alex W. Smith, of 
 -Maple Lodge, Ontario. Canada. Photograph 
 by R. ,T. Rogerson. 
 
 1598. — In this year Senor Juao Ornate 
 started out from Zacatecas, in Mexico, to 
 explore the country now known as New 
 Mexico. He had 400 colonists, 83 wagons 
 and 7,000 cattle. He founded Santa Fe. 
 
 leOO.^Roberl Bakewell, of England, com- 
 menced the improvement of sheep, estab- 
 lishing a breed of Leice.sters, also advocat- 
 ing grand principles of breeding by. selec- 
 tion. He also im'pro\ed the Lo'nghorn 
 (attlp of Leicf stershire. 
 
 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 Ui03. — Oats and barle.v first cultivated in 
 America in Go.'.-niild's colony. 
 
 1602. — The first wheat was brought to this 
 country by Bartholomew Gosnold and landed 
 on an i:5land in Buzzard's Bay, on the 
 southern coast of Massachusetts. 
 
 1602. — Beans were cultivated on islands 
 .=-outh of Massachusetts. 
 
 1604. — In this year M. L. Escarbot brought 
 horses to Acadia, an island once a part ai 
 French territory in America, and from there 
 the French wl-o extended their settlemento 
 into Can.i.dn in 160S took the horses, whicVi 
 probably laid the foundation of what are 
 ;!ow known .is Canadian ponies. 
 
 1605. — ^Santa Fe (New Mexico) settled in 
 this year by the Spanish. Don Juan de 
 Ornate, of Zacatecas, in Mexico, was the 
 originator of the colony. It is the second 
 oldest white settlement in the United 
 States. 
 
 1607. — First permanent English settlement 
 in America at Jamestown, Va. Captain 
 Christoplier Newport commander of the 
 expedition, his companions being Bartliolo- 
 niew Gosnold, John Smith and others. 
 
 1607. — Sir John Norden printed a book 
 called "Surveyor's Dialogue," in England. 
 Sjjeaking of the famous Salisbury meadows, 
 he says: "When cattle have fed their fill. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 13 
 
 hogs, it is pretended, are made fat with 
 the remnant — namely with the knots and 
 sappe of the grass." 
 
 I(j07. — First recorded effort in this country 
 at introducing fort'iR-n fruits by the James- 
 town colonists in May of tliis year. 
 
 Ig07. — Use of freezing mixtures of ice or 
 snow in comhination with salt, saltpeter or 
 other chemical agonts in use at this time in 
 a .small way. 
 
 1607. — A company of Englisli attempted to 
 settle where is now Kennebec, Me., but 
 returned to England the following year. 
 
 X(j07. — "Clouer Grasse, or the Grasse 
 Honeysuckle, " (wliite flover), is directed to 
 be sown with other hay seeds. In Survey- 
 oi's Dialogue. 
 
 1608. — The French at this time introduced 
 cattle into Canada. 
 
 1608. — The .lames river settlers learned 
 the cultivation of com under tuition of the 
 Indians. 
 
 1608.— Cajptain Newport sailed from 
 Jamestown, Va., for England, carrying with 
 him twenty turl<ey.s, "the first introduction 
 of that fowl into p:urope." 
 
 1609. — First authentic record of a yield 
 <if com produced in America by white men 
 was forty acres in the Jamestown colony in 
 Virginia. 
 
 1609. — ^A pamnhlet published in T^ondon 
 predicts that cotton would grow as well in 
 Virginia aV in Italj'. 
 
 1609.~Sheei) introduced into Virginia from 
 England. Ravages by wolves kept the flocks 
 down to small numbers. 
 
 1609. — Engliisli horses landed at James- 
 town, \ a. There were six mares and one 
 horse. 
 
 1609. — A book published in England by 
 Butler, of Oxford, entitled "Feminine Mon- 
 archie; or, the History of Bees." 
 
 1609. -The London Company imported 
 swine into Virginia, and they increased so 
 fast that in ^H2^ the colony was in danger 
 of being overrun with them, while the 
 Indian's fattened themselves on pork from 
 the hogs thai had become wild from run- 
 ning at large in the woods. 
 
 1610. — ^Lord Delaware arrived in America 
 from England and brought with him French 
 vine dressers. He planted vineyards of 
 native grapes. He was Governor of Mary- 
 land. 
 
 1610. — ^C'attle iiaving l)ecome extinct in 
 Virginia on account of the scarcity of food, 
 another stock was brought from the West 
 Indies, and the penalty of death for killing 
 them was enacted. 
 
 1610. — About this year King James I., of 
 England, purchased a celebrated Arabian 
 horse froni a merchant named Markham, 
 for which he p.al.i five hundred pounds. 
 
 1611. — First cultivation of wheat in Vir- 
 ginia v/as reported in this year. 
 
 1612.— Oil of Rose's discovered by accident 
 this year, according to Langles. 
 
 1614. — Plantings of imported apple and 
 peai" trees in New York. One pear tree of 
 this planting at Third avenue and Thir- 
 teenth street, .Mew York City, until 1866. 
 
 1616. — First known cultivation of tobacco 
 in the state of Virginia. 
 
 1617. — This is mentioned as the remark- 
 able period of the first introduction of the 
 labor of the plow in Virginia. 
 
 1618, January 17th. — A patent was 
 granted in England to David Ramsey and 
 Thomas Wildgosse for a machine to 
 •'plouglic grounde without horse or oxen, 
 and t;o enrich and make better and more 
 fertill as well barren peate, salte and sea 
 sande, as island and upland grounde, within 
 our Kingdom of England and Ireland an i 
 our Dominyon of Wales, etc, etc." It w i^ 
 the first patent granted in which the gi e 1 1 
 power of steam for the purpose of assistin-, 
 in the cultivation of the soil was applied 
 
 1618. — ^In this year, at Epsom Downs, iii 
 England, the saying originated: "It is one 
 thing to take a horse to water and another 
 to make him drink." It appears that during 
 a drouth Henry Wicker, a herdsman, discov- 
 ered water in a small hole on the Eipsoni 
 
 Commons. He used a spade to widen the 
 hole and then discovered that neither he nor 
 his stock could drink the water. This led 
 to the discovery of the well-known medi- 
 cine, Fpsom Salts. 
 
 1619. — Grapes mentioned in history as 
 growing at Jame'stown, Va. 
 
 1619. — Negro labor first introduced Into 
 Virginia. Twenty purchased by tobacco 
 planters from a Dutch trading vessel. 
 
 16'iO. — Coaches as means of public con- 
 veyance first used in England and Pran'je, 
 and were very slow in coming into^ general 
 u.se. 
 
 1620, December 22d. — The Mayflower 
 landed 102 pilgrims at Plymouth Kock. 
 
 1620. — The Pilgrim Fathers found ex- 
 tensive plantings of corn in New England 
 on their arrival. 
 
 1621. — Edward Winslow wrote that In New 
 England "are grapes, white and red, and 
 very sweet and strong also." 
 
 1621. — The Governor of Massachusetts 
 lequested the Indian Chief, Massasoot, to 
 ex(;hanRe seed corn, that he might judge 
 which was best. The Indians selected the 
 finest ears and taught the settlers how to 
 do the same. 
 
 1621. — -Earliest known experimental cotton 
 planting in \'irginia. 
 
 1621. — The Pilgrim Fathers began the cul- 
 tivation of com, manuring, as the Indians 
 did, with fish. "According to the manner 
 of the Indians, we manured our ground with 
 herrings, or rather shads, which we have in 
 great abundance and take with ease at our 
 uoors. An acre thus dressed will produce 
 and yield as much corn as three acres 
 without fish." 
 
 1621. — In this year The London Company 
 sent "silke worm seede" to Virginia along 
 with grapevines. This was the beginning of 
 many attempts to establish a great silk- 
 growing industry in .\merica. 
 
 1621, March. — Record of Plymouth Colony: 
 "They sowed six acres of barley and pease 
 and set twenty acres of corn, making use of 
 ten bushels which they brought from sub- 
 terranean storehouses of the Indians. In 
 this work much assistance was rendered 
 them by Squanto. a faithful Indian, who 
 taught them how to plant corn, manure 
 with fish, and hill it." 
 
 1621. — Eleven women emigrated from 
 England to become wives of colonists in 
 Virginia. The passenger fare across the 
 ocean was paid by 120 pounds of tobacco for 
 each person. 
 
 1622. — In New England it is recorded at 
 this time that the Indians made a habit of 
 setting fire to the country twice a year, in 
 the spring and in the fall, because it would 
 otherwise be overgrown with weeds and 
 brush. 
 
 1622. — An ob'server at Plymouth Colony In 
 this year said: "The chestnut, hazeliiuf, 
 butternut and sliagbark yielded contribu- 
 tions to the store of food laid up for 
 winter." 
 
 DEVON OOW — PRETTY PET. The Devon 
 breed of cattle passes as a dual-purpose 
 breed — good for beef and good for the dairy. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 PRETTY PET is a handsome example of the 
 Devon; she was first-prize cow at the Pan- 
 American Exposition at Buffalo, 1901. 
 
 1633. — A few Devon cattle crossed the 
 Atlantic ocean in the ship Charity; said 
 to be consigned to a Mr. Winslow, of Mas- 
 sachusetts. , 
 
 1623. — A Department of Agriculture report 
 says that about this time flax was intro- 
 duced upon the continent of America solely 
 for the fiber. For a period of 150 years 
 thereafter, or until cheaper cotton fabrics 
 b'egan to supplant linen ones, flax played an 
 important part in the progress of the 
 country, becorniing, as it did, the basis of 
 That famous household industry whose 
 home-.spun products were necessaries of life, 
 second only to food. 
 
 1623. — New Hampshire settled by the 
 English in tliis year. 
 
 1623. — Indefinite information concerning 
 importation of Wutch horses arriving at 
 New York. 
 
 1624. — Earlv settlers introduced sheep 
 from England into the New England States. 
 1624. — An early importation of cattle to 
 New England, consisting of tliree heifers 
 and a bull, having been made in this year, 
 the herd had increased to twelve by 1627, 
 and in that year was divided into twelve 
 lots. "These lots were drawn for," says 
 Russell, in Pilgrim Memorials, "affording 
 the fir'st recorded cattle show in New 
 England." 
 
 1635. — Bucltwheat first cultivated in 
 America, on Manhattan Island. 
 
 1625. — The Dutch Colony on the Hudson 
 was supplied with all sorts of plows and 
 agricultural implements. 
 
 1626. — Flax taken to Holland that was 
 grown on Manhattan Island. 
 
 1626. — The Dutch bought the island of 
 Manhattan from the Indians for $24.00. 
 
 1627. — First important cattle imports into 
 New York state from Holland. 
 
 1637. — In this year only fifty Hackney 
 cabs or coaches were in use in London, 
 England, as public conveyances. 
 
 1627. — John .Speed, agricultural author, 
 mentions the excellent condition of cattle 
 in Herefordshire, England. 
 
 1627. — Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wimborne, 
 St. Gilei", Dorset, England, died in this year. 
 He first planted (improved) cabbages in 
 England, and at his feet a cabbage appears 
 chiseled on his monument. 
 
 1629. — In this year six vessels arrived at 
 Boston from England, bringing with their 
 other goods some twenty-five mares and 
 Mtallions. In the same year a number of 
 Dutch, Swedish, Danish and French horses 
 arrived in the colonies of New York, Con- 
 necticut, Maryland and New Jersey. 
 
 1629. — The Spiderwort was one of the first 
 native flowers to find a home in England, it 
 having been sent there from Virginia about 
 the year mentioned. 
 
 1629. — ^First attempt at hop raising in 
 the United States made in New Netherlands, 
 now New York state. 
 
 1629. — Plymouth Colony cultivated pota- 
 toes. 
 
 1629. — Rev. Francis Higginson, writing 
 from Massachusetts Colony in this year, said 
 that excellent vines were there and that the 
 Governor had planted a vineyard, with great 
 hopes of "encrease." 
 
 1629. — ^William Wood, writing from New 
 England, said: "There is likewise strawber- 
 ries in abundance, verie large ones, some 
 being two Inches about; one may gather 
 halfe a bushell in a forenoone." 
 
 1629. — ^Captain John Smith, Governor of 
 the Jamestown Colony, wrote, saying: "One 
 Mistress Pearce. of Jamestown, an honest, 
 industrious woman, had gathered from her 
 garden in one year neere an hundred bushels 
 of excellent figges.". 
 
 1630. — In March of this year the Colonial 
 Assembly of Virginia determined the cash 
 value of tobacco for the first time in his- 
 tory. The price was six pence, equal to 
 twelve cents, per pound. 
 
 1630. — In this year was written a poem 
 
 by a New Englander, which shows how 
 generally the pumpkin was used for the 
 table that early: 
 
 " '.Stead of pottage and puddings and cus- 
 tards and pies. 
 Our pumpkin.s and parsnips are common 
 
 supplies; 
 We have pumpkins at mornings and pump- 
 kins at noon; 
 If it was not for pumpkins we should be 
 undone." 
 1630 (about.) — Swedish immigrants intro- 
 troduced sheep into New Jersey and Dela- 
 ware. 
 
 1630. — Earliest record of pear tree plant- 
 ing in New England was a pear tree in the 
 garden of Governor Endicott's house, in 
 Boston. 
 
 1630. — Origin of the saying "Hobson's 
 Choice." This adage has been handed 
 down to us froin the Seventeenth Century 
 and had its origin in the eccentricities of one 
 Tobias Hobson. This worthy was a carrier 
 of Cambridge, England, who died in the 
 year 1630. In addition to his ordinary busi- 
 ness he kept a stable and let out horses to 
 the students at the university. He made it 
 an unalterable rule, however, that each 
 animal should have an equal period of work 
 and rest, and would never let one out of its 
 turn. Consequently, instead of being allowed 
 to select the steed they most fancied, his 
 customer had to take the one that stood 
 next to the door. If it did not meet with 
 their approval they had to go without a ride. 
 Hence, the proverbial expression, "Hobson's 
 Choice," used to signify a choice without an 
 alternative. 
 
 1631. — Cattle importations into New Hamp- 
 shire from Denmark arrived in this year. 
 
 1632. — Governor's Island, In Boston Harbor, 
 was granted to Governor Winthrop on con- 
 dition that he should plant a vineyard or 
 orchard upon it. 
 
 1633. — A list of vegetables grown in New 
 England before this year was given by a Mr. 
 William Wood. He said also: "Whatever 
 grows well in England grows well there." 
 
 1633. — In Virgina, in this year, tobacco 
 inspection warehouses were established. In 
 which all tobacco grown for sale was exam- 
 ined by Colonial inspectors, "who 'shall cause 
 all the bad and ill-conditioned tobacco in- 
 .stantly to be burned, and the planter there- 
 of to bo disaliled further from planting any 
 more of that commodite of tobacco." 
 
 1634. — Olives introduced into Southern 
 colonies without much success. 
 
 1634. — Cecil, the Second Lord Baltimore, 
 established a settlement near the mouth of 
 the Potomac river. 
 
 16.^4. — An act passed in the Irish I-<egisla- 
 ture again.st the cruel and comimon practice 
 of plowing by fastening the plow to the tail 
 ol an ox or horse. 
 
 1035. — ^"Canadensium Plantarum," an Illus- 
 trated book issued by Jacques Cornutus^ is 
 generally supposed to be the first published 
 work on American plants. 
 
 1636. — Roger Williams settled what Is 
 now the state of Rhode Island. 
 
 16:'6. — At this time in the colony of Mas- 
 sachusetts Bay a red calf came to be 
 cheaper than a black one on account of the 
 greater liability to be mi'staken for a deer 
 and killed by the wf)lve's. This is from 
 Ketteir.'s Chatter on Agriculture in the 
 United States. 
 
 1637. — ^At this date only thirty-seven 
 plows were In the colony of Massachusetts. 
 
 1639. — It was reported that one man made 
 500 barrels of cider in New York state, in- 
 dicating earlier general planting of apple 
 trees in this country. 
 
 1640. — ^Pork packing in barrels as an In- 
 dustry said to have begun in this year at 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 1640. — William Keift, Governor of New 
 Netherlands, erected a private establishment 
 on Staten Island, "which produced the first 
 beer nrnde in this country," says an 
 authority. 
 
 1640. — Tobacco first reported a's being 
 grown In New England colonies. 
 
 1641. — Newmarket, Elngland, as a racing 
 headquarters dates frocm this year. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 15 
 
 1644. — Tlw Haymarket of the city of 
 London established in this year; abandoned 
 in 1S30. 
 
 1643. — Sir Richard Weston, Ambassador 
 from England to Bohemia, credited with 
 first introducing "the great clover'" in 
 England, and turnips also. He was a 
 useful writer on agricultural subjects. 
 
 1646. — In this year Joseph Jenckes, of 
 I..ynn, Mass., a nati\e of Hammersmith, in 
 England, was granted a state patent privi- 
 lege for inventions, making mills for the 
 manufacture of "sithes and other edgo 
 tools for ye more .speedy cutting of grasse." 
 1647. — The apple recorded as grafted on 
 the wild stocks of Virginia. 
 
 1647. — Kice culture in the ITnited States 
 began with half bushel of the grain 'sent 
 over from England to the Virginia Colony 
 In this year, from which a yield of sixteen 
 bushels "was obtained. The industry after- 
 wards gave way to tobacco growing. 
 
 1647.— Kxportatlon of wool first prohibited 
 from Great Britain; also in 1660 and 1G08. 
 1648. — An apple tree planted by Peregrine 
 White, the first white child born in New 
 England. Says the author of "Pilgrim Me- 
 morials," written in 1655: "It still produces 
 apples, <and the orchard in which it grows 
 Is now owned by his descendant's, near the 
 lot which he occupied in Marshfield." 
 1648. — Hops first raised in Virginia. 
 164g. — Rye as a field crop first grown in 
 America in New England. 
 
 1649. — "The Improver Improved," an agri- 
 cultural work hy Blythe in England, recom- 
 mends that turnip cultivation should be ex- 
 tended from the kitchen garden to the field 
 as food for stock. 
 
 1650. — Hartleb, an English writer, men- 
 tions the practice of steeping and liming 
 seed corn (wheat) as a preventive of smut. 
 1660. — French Work on Agriculture pub- 
 lished by Oliver de Serre's. 
 
 16.50. — The "White Turk," Turkish stal- 
 lion, owned by Mr. Place, stud groom to 
 Lord Protector Cromwell, credited with 
 being one of the originators of the thorough- 
 bred horse. 
 
 1650. — .\ pearl barley mill Invented in 
 Germany. 
 
 1650. — Horses imported into South Africa 
 from the Island of Java by the Dutch East 
 India Company. 
 
 1652. — Cape Colony, Routh Africa, first 
 colonized under Van Riebeek. The sheep 
 which the European discoverers found in 
 Cape Colony were the Hat-tailed sheep. 
 strong-ly resembling the well-known Persian 
 variety. 
 
 1653. — Van der Donck, the traveler, 
 wrote that by this year the Dutch settlers 
 of New York had already blooming in their 
 gardens white and red roses, eglantine, dif- 
 ferent varieties of tulips, violets, white 
 lilies, anemones and marigolds. 
 
 1656. — ^Covent Garden market, the great 
 wholesale fruit and vegetable market of the 
 city of London, originated about this time by 
 the construction of wooden sheds and selling 
 stalls. Covent Garden was in earlier days 
 the garden of Westminster Abbey, when it 
 was properly named Convent Garden. 
 
 1657. — The exportation of horses from 
 Virginia was prohibited in this year. 
 
 1660. — Earliest record of the use of 
 mineral salts for increasing the yield of 
 crops appears in a work entitled "A Dis- 
 course Concerning the Vegetation cf 
 Plants." Tt was read before Gresham Col- 
 lege, In England, by Sir Kenelm Digby. 
 
 1660. — Ray. a writer, made a tour of the 
 southern counties of Scotland. He said: "We 
 observed little or no fallow ground in Scot- 
 l.and: soine ley ground we saw, which they 
 manured with sea wreck." 
 
 1661. — The Dutch East India Company 
 sent two pounds two ounces of Chinese tea 
 to [he King of England as a rare and valu- 
 able offering. The first known tea to arrive 
 in England. 
 
 1662. — First statute for levying tolls at 
 turnpikes to make or repair roads. 
 
 1662. — The Dutch colony on the Hudson 
 
 river. New York, added "a flr8t-cla«s wheel 
 
 plow" with its pulleys, etc., to the stock of 
 agricultural implements at a cost of sixtv 
 florins. 
 
 1663. — ^In this year, when the second 
 charter w.t,s granted to Rhode Island by 
 Charles II., King of England, it contained 
 .in inducement to anyone who would plant 
 a vineyard. 
 
 1665. — .Minister Colbert, Prime Minister 
 lo Louis iV., established government studs 
 in France. 
 
 1669. — The "Byerly Turk," a Turkish 
 stallion, ridden by Capt. Byerly, of the 
 Hnglish army, at this time, is credited with 
 being one of the foundation stock of the 
 English Thoroughbred. 
 
 1670. — Permanent settlements in the tr.act 
 of land south of Virgina, called Carolina, 
 111 honor of Charles II., of England. 
 
 1672. — John Josselyn published a book 
 entitled "New England Rarities," discovered 
 in birds, beasts, lishes, serpents and plants 
 of t.hat country. 
 
 1674. — Malpighi publishes a paper on the 
 i>tructure of plants. 
 
 1676. — Tax derived from tobacco expoits 
 
 mis year amounted to £120,000 English 
 money, or, in round figures, $700,000 in 
 American money of the present day. 
 
 1080. — It is said that peaches were intro- 
 duced about this time into America by the 
 early sett'ers. 
 
 ,T^^?'- — ''" Houghton's "Collections on 
 Husbandry and Trade" appears the first 
 notice of turnips being eaten by sheep. 
 
 1682. — William Penn established the first 
 settlement in what is called Pennsylvania. 
 
 1682. — The Imperial stud of Russia re- 
 cened importations of Arab stallions, which 
 caused a decided improvement in the horse's 
 of that country. It was by direction of 
 Peter the Great. 
 
 1683. — .Sheep raising in Pennsylvania dates 
 from about this year. 
 
 1685. — This year witnessed the beginning 
 of a small French colony in Texas under 
 the Chevalier LaSalle. who landed on the 
 shores of Matagorda Bay. The occupation 
 was brief. 
 
 1686. — William Fitzhugh, in Virginia 
 described his own plantation and mentions 
 a large or«'hard of about 2,500 apple trees 
 mostly grafted, well fenced with a locust 
 fence. 
 
 1688. — Persian-Arab horses introduced into 
 South Africa by the Dutch East India 
 Company. 
 
 1688.— An English writer, Ray, mentions 
 !^e■^•enty-eight varieties of apples. 
 
 1688. — St. Marys, the oldest settlement 
 m Michigan, established by the Jesuit Mis- 
 sionari-^s. 
 
 1690. — The first work treating of roses 
 
 with any degree of method published. It 
 \\as that by LaQuintyne, and issued in 
 Paris. 
 
 Io90. — Potatoes were beginning to attract 
 notice in Scotland. "The potato is a baccif- 
 erous herb, with esculent roots, bearing 
 winged leaves and a bell flower." 
 
 1690. —The Mango introduced into hothouse 
 cultivation in England from the East Indies. 
 
 1690. — At this early date Boston, Mass., 
 was doing quite a trade in packing and 
 curing pork. 
 
 1691. — The Phlox, an American genus of 
 plants, menticmed in a work published in 
 1/ondon b.v Plukenet, a writer living beforo 
 I he time of Linnaeus. 
 
 1691. — Experimental proof of the sexu- 
 ality of plants published for the first time 
 by Camerarius. a German botanist. He was 
 in charge of the gardens at Tueblngen. 
 
 1694. — A ship captain, seeking shelter 
 in the harbor of Charleston. S. C, presented 
 Thomas Smith, Governor of the province, 
 with a sack of rice. From, this the rice in- 
 dustry of the present was established. 
 
 1695. — In this year John Houghton, an 
 Englishman, writing of dairy subjects, 
 speaks of the Irish as rotting their butter 
 and burying it in bogs. The burying of 
 butter may have been for the purpose of 
 
16 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 .storing- In time of need, or to hide it from 
 invaders, or to ripen it for the purpose of 
 de\eloplng flavor. 
 
 1097. — First agricultural work in Scotland 
 printed under the title of "Hiisbandrj- Anat- 
 omized; or. An Inquiry Into the Present 
 Ma.nner of Telling- and Manuring the Ground 
 in Scotland," by Donaldson. 
 
 1700. — Trustworthy records of the breed- 
 ing of the thoroughbred horse were first 
 begun in the stud book by Messrs. 
 Weatherby. 
 
 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 I701.--Jethro TuU, a gentleman of Berk- 
 shire, in Enifland, adopted the system of 
 mowing; his crops in rows or drills so wide 
 apart as to admit of tillage of the intervals 
 I'Oth liy plowing and hoeing. 
 
 1704. — The peppermint plant mentioned 
 and named by Ray in his book, "Historia 
 Plantarium." 
 
 1706. — ^Practice of cutting clover green and 
 giving it to flattie, now called soiling, men- 
 tioned as Ijeing a common practice at this 
 lime 
 
 1710. — First attempt to grow Hg trees in 
 the state of California. 
 
 1712. — Naraldi, of Nice, invented glass 
 bee-hives, enabling naturalists to study the 
 in-door proceedings of bees. 
 
 1714. —Father .Tartoux, a missionary among 
 the Chinese, published a description of a 
 Tartarian plant called Ginseng. 
 
 1716. — In this year, through efforts of 
 Father T.afitau, a missionary amongst the 
 Canadian Indians, the plant now known aa 
 .'\merican Ginseng was discovered near Mon- 
 treal. 
 
 1716. — Thomas Fairchild, an English 
 gardener, crossed the Carnation with the 
 Sweet William. This is the record of the 
 (Irst hybrid (mixture of the species) in 
 flowers. 
 
 1718. — The English thoroughbred stallion 
 Bulle Rock foaled in this year was imiported 
 into Virginia by Patton & Gist in 1730, and 
 is said to have been the first thoroughbred 
 to arrive in America. 
 
 1719. — An iiumlred families from Ireland 
 having settled at Londonderry, N. H.. th.^^y 
 introduced the foot spinning wheel, the 
 manufacture of lin<-^n and the culture of 
 potatoes. 
 
 1720. — Joseph Fol.iamlire. of Rotherham, 
 England, took out a patent for a plow with 
 moldtwa.rd and landside of wood sheathed 
 with iron plate.-;, the share and coulter 
 being rnade of wrought iron with steel edges. 
 
 5 720. — In this year a Galloway horse -Nvas 
 foaled at a village near Haddington, in 
 Scotland, which lived to be sixty-nine years 
 old. Wilkes' ,ST)irit of the Times, authority 
 for thii5 statement, mentioned him in later 
 years as being eleven hands high, and that 
 he trotted cleverly right up to a few weeks 
 of his death. 
 
 1721. — ^First eforts to grow cotton in 
 Virginia date from thi.s year. 
 
 1723. — Lord Eellhaven, of Scotland, pub- 
 lished a book which he described as a 
 •good, easy method of husbandry." 
 
 1723. — Mr Alstroemer, an enterprisin.ir 
 Swedish farmer, introduced Merino sheep 
 into hi=: own country. He encouraged the 
 Kovernment to establish an agricultural 
 ■^'■honl, which offered premiums for Spanish 
 Merino.s and the best wool. 
 
 1723. — "Society of Improvers in the 
 Knowledge of ' Agriculture in Scotland," 
 organized. First of its kind in the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 1724. — The horticulturist Dudley said that 
 Indian corn is of several colors, as blue, red 
 ,Tnd yellow and if they are planted sepa- 
 rately by thr>mselves they will keep their 
 own co'or: but if they are planted one color 
 near another they will mix and interchange 
 their colors. 
 
 1724. — Godolphln Arabian, the most 
 noted of all the Eastern thoroughbred sires. 
 foaled in this year. He was imported into 
 England from France by a Mr. Coke. This 
 great stallion was said to have actually been 
 a cart horse on the streets of Paris. Colonel 
 S. D. Bruce, authority on the thoroughbred 
 
 horse, said of him: "He unquestionably 
 contributed more to the breed of thorough- 
 bredf than any stallion either before cr 
 since his time. ' 
 
 GODOLPHIN .VKABIAN. — The thorough- 
 bred hor?e that worked as a cart horse in 
 J'a.ris and was discovered in time to be the 
 most valuable foundation sire of the breed. 
 
 1726. — A village near Boston, Mass., re- 
 ported making 10,000 barrels of cider. 
 
 1726. —The horticultural writer Dudley, 
 in it paper in the Philosophical Transac- 
 tions, said; "Our apples are without doubt 
 as good <is those of England and much 
 fairer tc look to, and so are the pear's; but 
 we have not all the sorts." 
 
 1727. —The Moss rose was introduced into 
 Eng'and from Holland in the sixteenth cen- 
 tury, ,ind is first mentioned by Miller in the 
 year given. Miller supposed it to be a 
 sprout of the Provence rose, which opinion 
 has been confirmed by modern botanists. 
 
 1727. — Hale's work published on respira- 
 Jion of plants and formation of sap. 
 
 1728. — The first botanical garden in the 
 United States founded by John Bartram on 
 ihe banks of the Schuylkill, not far from 
 I'hihidelphia. 
 
 1728.- -In this year mention is made of 
 "little machines which, being played by the 
 motion of a vvheel, the cotton falls on one 
 side and the se»d on the other, and thug 
 they are separated." a primitive cotton-gin. 
 
 17.10. — In this year the first English 
 cotton-oil mill was erected in Gloucester. 
 The ciiy of Gloucester is one of the iiri- 
 portant centei's of enterprise in the west of 
 England, not far from the seaport of 
 Bristol, which is in the .same county. 
 
 JUBILEE KING — SADDLE COLT. Foal 
 of 1911. Already winner of first prizes at 
 leading Blue Grass Fairs. Bred and owned 
 by J. F. Barbee, MUllersburg, Bourbon 
 county, Kentucky. 
 
 1730. — The jdain-gaited saddle horse, with- 
 out education, developing at this time into 
 the five-gaited saddle horse. 
 
'HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 17 
 
 1731. — ^Speaking- of the tomato, Philip 
 Milier, in his Gardeners' Dictionary, says: 
 "The Italians and Spaniards eat these 
 apples (love apples) as we do cucumbers — 
 with pepper, oil and salt — and some eat 
 them stewed in sauces." 
 
 1731. — Horse-hoeinjf HiiKl>andr>' published 
 by Jethro Tull, of lierkshire, England. 
 
 1733. — Poor Kiohard'M Almanac first pub- 
 lished by Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia, 
 
 1732. — John Kirby, traveler in England, 
 writing- of the Stn'folk Ke<l Polled cattle dis- 
 trict, said that the butter "was justly 
 esteemed and the pleasante'st in England." 
 
 1732. — In Maryland tobacco was made 
 le^al tender at tlie rate of one English 
 penny (tw<i f^ent.-^) per jjound for all debts, 
 including customs dues, the salaries of state 
 officers and ministers of the gospel. 
 
 1732. — Justice Dudley, of Massachusetts, 
 writing in this year, .'^ay.s: "An onion set 
 iiut for seed would rise to four feet nine 
 inches, and a parsnip would reach eight 
 feet." 
 
 1735.— -The Pompone roses found growing 
 wild by a gardener of Dijon, in France, 
 while cutting wood on a mountain near the 
 city. 
 
 1735. — A stallion named Old Traveler, 
 owned by Mr. Osbalde'ston, of North Eng- 
 land, ancestor of Cleveland Bays. 
 
 1737. — The Studley bull dropped in this 
 year became one of the first great stock 
 getters of the Shorthorn breed. 
 
 1737. — ^Hugh Orr, a Scotchman by birth, 
 arrived in Massachusetts and erected a trip 
 hammer at B'ridgewater for tile manufacture 
 of scythes and axes and acquired a wide 
 reputation. 
 
 1740. — The Tarpan, a Russian horse, con- 
 sidered as being the wild ancestor of 
 European horses, described by Guelin as a 
 mouse dun in color, with dark points, short, 
 crisp mane, with a short, bushy tall. 
 
 1740. — About this time James Small, of 
 Bierwickshire, in Scotland, first introduced 
 the plow with the cast-iron mouldboard, still 
 using wrought-iron shares. 
 
 1741. — Jolly Roger, a thorouglibred stal- 
 lion, was foalod in this year. He was known 
 on the English turf as "Roger of the Vale." 
 He was the first horse that gave distinction 
 to the racing stock of Virgrinia, where he 
 was imported and commenced service as a 
 sire in 1748. He was by Roundhead, who 
 was by Flying Childers, who was by Darley 
 Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got 
 by the fam.ous horse Partner, the best race 
 horse in his day. 
 
 1742. — The Baldwin apple, a chance seed- 
 ling, sprang up this year on the farm of 
 Mr. .lohn Ball, in Eastern Massachusetts, 
 and brought into general notice by a Col- 
 onel Baldwin, who named it. 
 
 1742. — Hereford cattle improvement began 
 by Benjamin Tompkins, the elder, of Canon 
 I^yon, Herefordshire, England. 
 
 1743. — ^M. Dubreuil, a planter of New 
 Orleans, invented a cotton grin, which -was 
 so far successful as to give quite an impulse 
 to cotton raising. 
 
 1744. — William Ellis, agricultural writer, 
 commended Holdemess cattle of Yorkshire 
 for wide bags, short horns and large bodi.js. 
 
 1745. — Suffolk Punch horses famous for 
 draft qualities. Norman stallions on Suf- 
 folk mares credited with the production of 
 the breed. 
 
 1745. — Beet-root sugar discovered by 
 Marggraf, a German chemist. 
 
 1747. — James Elliott, a clergyman of Con- 
 necticut, published a series of valuable 
 essays on "Field Ifusbandrj." 
 
 1747. — Agricultural seeds first sold com- 
 mercially in the United States about this 
 time. 
 
 1747. — "Memoirs on Wool," first publica- 
 tion of its cKass in Great Britain. 
 
 1748. — Rev. Jared Eliot, in a book on 
 farm biisbandi-j', urges the growth of clover 
 for the reason that an acre of it would 
 produce two bushels of seed, worth thirty- 
 five pound's in the currency of that period. 
 
 1748. — In this year the Province of New 
 
 Jersey passed a law requiring that trotting 
 and pacing races be held only at Fairs. 
 
 1750.— First act of Parliament for collect- 
 ing tolls on the highway of Scotland. 
 
 1750 (about). — .lames, the Vlth, Duke of 
 Hamilton, introduced a Flemish stallion for 
 use of his ten.antry in Clyde Valley. Scot- 
 land. This is said to be the origin of 
 Clydesdale horses, but is disputed. 
 
 1750 (about). — Tiie commercial history of 
 the i>eppermint plant began at Mitcham, in 
 .Surrey, England. 
 
 1750. — Red clover known to be grown in 
 Rhode island as early as this year. 
 
 WILLOW'MOOR BROWNIE — AYRSHIRE 
 HEIFER. Champion junior female at the 
 National Dairy Show of 1911; daughter of 
 Netherhall Brownie, 9th, world's chaimpion 
 Ayrshire cow. Bred and owned by Wiillow- 
 moor Farms. Redmond, state of Wasihington. 
 
 1750. — About tlii's time the Earl of March- 
 mont purchased from the Bishop of Dur- 
 ham and carried to his estates in Berwicl;- 
 shire, Scotland, several brown cows spotted 
 with white. These were the foundation 
 cows of the Ayrshire breed of cattle. 
 
 1750. — A berry having a pleasant pine- 
 apple-like aroma arrived in England froin 
 Chili, South America, under the name of 
 Pine strawberrj-. Credited with being im- 
 prover of wild berries. 
 
 1751.— Jesuit Fathers brought to Ix)uisi- 
 ana samples of sugar cane for the purpose 
 of adding to tKe resource's of the colony. 
 This is now called "Creole" cane. 
 
 1752. — Lightning conductors first used for 
 protection of buildings. 
 
 1752. — The French government offered to 
 purchase all the tobacco raised in the 
 province of Ivouisiana at a price equivalent 
 to seven cents per pound. 
 
 1753. — The year usually taken as the 
 beginning of botany. Linnaeus grouped all 
 the tulips, which he named under the clas- 
 sification of Tulipa Gesneriana. 
 
 1754. — In this year a Gallowa.r horse 
 owned by a Mr. Crocker went an hundred 
 miles a day for three days over the New- 
 market Course in England and 'showed no 
 distress. The Galloway was a hardy cob 
 horse, the breed originating in Scotland, 
 but is now extinct. 
 
 1754. — The best known of the Cape .jas- 
 mines (which are not related to the true 
 jasmines) is the Gardena fiorida. and was 
 introduced into England from China in this 
 year. 
 
 1755. — From silk manufactured near 
 Charleston, S. C, in this year, three dresses 
 \vere made in England — one presented to 
 the Princess Dowager of Wales, another to 
 Lord Chesterfield, and the third to a 
 person, naine not given. 
 
 1756. — Marggraf. a German chemist, 
 found the sugar beet contained only l.h 
 per cent, of sugar, which is increased "to an 
 average of 13 per cent, by selection and 
 improved methods of cultivation. 
 
 1759. — ^First sugar house equipped with 
 machinei-y erected at New Orleans by 
 Dutreuil. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1759. — The Bird's-foot violet was sent to 
 the Apothecaries' Gardens, at Chelsea, near 
 Jvonrton, as early as this year — probably by 
 John Bartram, of Philadelphia, an eniinent 
 botanist, who sent many plants to England. 
 
 1760. — Commencement of memorable im- 
 provement in British agrricultiire. 
 
 1760. — The cow "Tripes," Shortliom eow, 
 bought liy Thomas Hall, in England, earliest 
 recorded cnw of the Shorthorn breed. 
 
 1760. — First known eomniereial nursery 
 in this country established by William 
 Prince, of Flushing, Long Island. Pioneer 
 of the industry, and published a catalogue 
 of fruits. 
 
 17G0. — McCiullough's Statistics of the 
 British Empire records that in this year 
 William Dawson introduced the custom of 
 I>lowingr two liorses abreast with lines. 
 
 1760. — In the list of flower seeds published 
 in a Boston new.spaper advertisement tliis 
 year are those of the marigold, sensitive 
 plant, branching larkspur, white and yellow 
 chrysanthemum, sweet peas, tall hollyhock, 
 pink, Sweet William and French honey- 
 suckle. 
 
 1761. — ^The first known veterinary sehool 
 established at Lyons, France. 
 
 1761. — First exact knowledge of liybrids 
 obtained from a work by Koelreuter, a 
 'scientist. 
 
 1762. — Fahrenheit used ice and salt mix- 
 ture in fixing scale for the tliermometer 
 wltich bears his name. 
 
 1763. — Bartram in his "Travels" mentions 
 having seen in this year near Mosquito 
 Inlet, Florida, a ridge a half mile wide and 
 forty miles long, which was one dense 
 orange grove. 
 
 1763. — Nathaniel Bird, a book dealer, 
 advertised in the Newport ( K. I.) Mercury 
 that he had garden seeds for sale just 
 arrived from England. This i's one of the 
 earliest records of seeds being for .sale. 
 
 1763. — In this year Laclede, Maxon & Co. 
 established the first fur-trading depot at 
 St. Louis, Mo. The brothers Auguste and 
 Pierre Chouteau were connected with it. In 
 those days the farmers tributary to St. Louis 
 were hunters and i rappers. 
 
 1763.— In his book entitled "The History 
 of the Jersey Cow in America," by Valancey 
 E. Fuller, he .said: "From the evidence I 
 think it may be claimed that as early as 
 1763 the purity of the Jersey cattle breed 
 was a subject of great care, and it ha-i 
 been scrupulously guarded till this day. 
 with the possible exception of an isolated 
 cross of the Guernsey." 
 
 JERSEY COW — MARY ANNE OF ST. 
 T^.\MBKRT. .36 pounds 12 ounces of butter 
 in one week; .S36 pound's in one year. 
 Owned at that time by Valancey E. Fuller, 
 of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. From 
 Schreiber photo, ]SS2. 
 
 1764. — Alexander Garden, Scotch scientist, 
 of Charleston, S. C, published an account 
 of pink-root, the use of which as a vermi- 
 fuge he had introduced. The botanical 
 genus Gardenia was named in honor of Mr. 
 Garden. 
 
 1764. — Gideon AVelles announced in the 
 Newport (R. I.) Mercury that he had some 
 choice Connecticut onion seed for sale. 
 
 1764. — Mr. Dawson, of Frogden, believed 
 to be the first in Scotland to grow turnipH 
 for stock to a large extent. 
 
 ECLIPSE^ — The Thoroughbred. 
 
 1764. — Eclipse foaled during the eclipse of 
 that year; the most wonderful horse ever 
 produced on the Engli'sh turf; bred by the 
 Duke of Cumlierland; got by Marske, a 
 grandson of Bartlett's Childers, out of 
 Spiletta. "He puffed and blowed like an 
 otter and galloped as wide as a barn door." 
 — Lawrence. 
 
 1764. — Improved cotton-spinning machin- 
 ery invented in England by Hargreaves. 
 
 1764. — First greenhouse on modern plans 
 in this country constructed in New York. 
 
 176.5. — The London (England) Society of 
 .\rts awarded a gold medal to Benjamin 
 Gale, of Killingworth, Conn., for a drill 
 plow, the invention of which was claimed 
 by Benonl Hilliard, of the same place. 
 
 .\ SAXONY MERINO RAM. — A picture 
 lepresenting this fine-wool Merino breed, 
 which at one time was a rival of the 
 Spanish Merino in America. This picture 
 represents a ram of the early importations 
 from Saxony. 
 
 1765. — George Washington received a pair 
 of blooded pigis from the Duke of Bedford, 
 c.illed Bedford breed. 
 
 1765. — Merino sheep introduced into Ger- 
 many by grant of the King of Spain to the 
 Elector of Saxony. 
 
 1765. — Saxon Merino sheep originated by 
 (lock of 300 Spanish Merinos 'sent by King 
 l^ouis. XV., of France, at the request of his 
 brother-in-law. Prince Xavier. 
 
 1766. — In this year samples of home-made 
 scythes, shovels, spades, hoes, etc., were 
 laid liefore the Society of Arts in New York 
 and approved. 
 
 1766. — John Wynn Baker, of Kildare, in 
 Ireland, commenced a system of rural- 
 economy experiments and showed by actual 
 experiment that the saving effected by the 
 drill and horse hoe amounted in fifteen 
 years to the fee simple (value) of all the 
 cultivated lands in the kingdom. 
 
 1766. — Field seeds first advertised in the 
 New England Gazette. 
 
 1767. — William Dunbar, a New England 
 gardener, advertised seeds for sale as fol- 
 lows; Peas and beans, 30 shillings per 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 19 
 
 ijuari; Strasburg onions and orange carrots, 
 ^f) shillings per ounce; early cabbage, 40 
 shilling.s per ounce; and "Collifiower," C 
 pounds per ounce. lie also sold (lower 
 seeds. 
 
 1767. — M. BurinK, a Berlin merchant, laid 
 a plan betore tin; King of Prussia, which 
 led to the orKanizalion of Land Mortgage 
 AsNOfiations in Germany, the first organized 
 jn Brandenburg in 18S0. 
 
 1767. — In the Boston Gazette of this year 
 six out of twenty-six advertisers were 
 dealers in seeds. 
 
 1767. — Discovery by Sprengel of fertiliza- 
 tion of plants. 
 
 ElNlGLISiH MAMBRINO — ^Thoroughbred 
 
 1768. — I'jns'li.'ih Mambrino, a grey horse, 
 sii'e of Mes.senger, was foaled in this year. 
 Mambrino was a thoroughbred, and is the 
 fountain head of the American trotter. His 
 son. Messenger, was reputed as being the 
 best horse ever brought to America. 
 
 1708. — This is the date generally agreed 
 upon \^ her. the father of Hugh Watson, of 
 Keiillor, Scotland, first began gathering tlie 
 cattle which were afterwards known as the 
 original herd in the establishment of the 
 .\berdeen-Anfrus breed. 
 
 1768. — Messrs. Culley settled on the 
 Northumbrian side of the river Tweed. 
 Great improvers of agriculture in border 
 counties of England and Scotland. 
 
 1769. — 'Eidward Antill, of Monmouth. N. .1., 
 wrote the first American treatise on the 
 grapevine. 
 
 1769. — The French settlers of Kaskaskia, 
 Southern Illinois, made 110 hogsheads of 
 wine frojn wild grapes. 
 
 1769. — "Eclipse first, the rest nowhere." 
 Eclipse first on turf this year, and for 
 seventeen months won every race, closing 
 his career by walking over the Newmarket 
 course for the King's plate. His full speed 
 was never tested, no horse ever having put 
 It to the proof. 
 
 1769. — Olive trees planted at San Diego, 
 Calif., still in bearing. 
 
 1709. — First investigation of pleuro-pneii- 
 nionla in cattle by Bourgelat, the foundii 
 of veterinary schools, brought about l>\ 
 prevalence of the disease in Europe. 
 
 1770. — First plantings of grrape at the 
 Mission of San Gal^riel, in California. 
 
 1770. — The popular Bartlett pear orig- 
 inated ini England, it l)eing propa.gated by a 
 nurseryman n.nmed Williams; but having 
 lieen disseminated in this country by Enoch 
 Bartlett, it thus actiuired its new name. 
 
 1771. -The great fringed orchis first made 
 known to botanists through D. Pitcairn, who 
 introduced it into the Kew gardens from 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 1771. — Silk culture begun in Pennsylvania 
 and New .Tersey. It was interrupted by the 
 Revolutionary War, and only revived in a 
 small way after the treaty of peace. 
 
 1771. — ^Baron William Stiegel, who came 
 to America twentj-one years before, gave 
 the land for a church at Manheim, Pa, this 
 
 clau -e being in the indenture: "Yielding and 
 p.i.ying therefor unto the said Henry William 
 .■^tiegel, his licirs and assigns, of the said 
 town of Manheim, in the month of June, 
 yearly, forever hereafter, the rent of one red 
 rose, if the same shall be lawfully 
 demanded." 
 
 1772. — ^Priestley's treatise on breathing of 
 plants issued in this year, 
 
 1773. — To Mrs. Itlartin Logan, daughter cf 
 Robert Daniel, a Governor of North Caro- 
 lina, is accorded the credit of publishing the 
 lirst American treatise on gardening, which 
 was written in her seventieth year. 
 
 177;J. — In Philadelphia, this year, Peteliah 
 Webster sold clover and duck gra'ss seed, 
 being one of the earliest in the seed business 
 in that city. 
 
 1772. — Nitrogen discovered by Rutherford ' 
 in this year. 
 
 1773.~-.IaiTies Vaux, of Pennsylvania, im- 
 porteil clover seed from England because it 
 w IS diflicult to obtain in America. 
 
 1773. — One of tlie early veterinai'y colleges 
 stablished at Copenliagen, in Denmark. 
 
 1773. — Spanish sheep introduced on the 
 I'icific coast of the United • States; same 
 \ind as in Florida. 
 
 1773. — ^An iron plow was presented to the 
 Society of Arts in London, England, by a 
 "Mi Brand. 
 
 1774. — -During the Revolutionary War, 
 ivinsey Borden, of St. Paul's Parish, South 
 ( aroMna, invented a roller gin for the 
 I leaning of lon.g staple and silky cotton, of 
 u hich he was a large grower. 
 
 1775. — Empress Maria Theresa of Austria 
 nnported several hundred Saxony Merino 
 sheep and placed them in Hungary at Mere- 
 ( pail, where an agricultural school was 
 established. 
 
 1775. — The Cherokee rose, a Chinese 
 species, known to have been cultivated at 
 this time in the Southern states. 
 
 1775. — Improvement In cotton-spinning 
 machinery by Dr. Cartwright in England. 
 
 1775.— Bartriim's tree orchis, the first of 
 its kind found in the Middle States, intro- 
 duced into Fothergill's gardens, in London, 
 it having been discovered in Florida a year 
 or two before. 
 
 1775. — James Longhead advertised seeds 
 in Philadelphia, 'saying that he kept "a 
 quantity of the largest kind of collyflower 
 .seed, found on trial to be extraordinary 
 pood." 
 
 1775. — Count Orloff Tschismensky, a lover 
 of horses, imported the grey Arabian stal- 
 lion Srnetanxa, and, crossing on Danisli, 
 :Outch and English mares, originated tho 
 1 reed of Russian trotters. 
 
 SOUTHDOWN WETHER— GRAND CHAM- 
 PION, WESTERN NATIONAL SHOW, 
 DENVER, COLO., 1912. Exhibited by the 
 Agricultural College, Fort Collins. Colorado. 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1775. — Improvpment in Southdown sheep 
 
 bee an about this time. 
 
 1775. — The first Austrian veterinary coi- 
 h'gre e'slablished at Vienna. 
 
 1776. — The first artitieial road in America 
 \va« built in thi.'< year, from Philadelphia 
 to New York. 
 
 1776. — In New Yorlv City, Samuel Deall, 
 a dealer in merchandise on Broad street, 
 Wepi a sreneral assortment of seeds, includ- 
 ing' red clover, Krass and "Saintfoine," for 
 i'Tiprovement of land. 
 
 1776. — M. de Trudaine introduced Merino 
 hheei> in France. 
 
 1776, July 4. — Declaration of Independence. 
 
 1776. — The famous French nurseries at 
 Ussy, afterward.^ acquired by I^evavasseur >.<r 
 Sons, established by Mons. Turgot, Comp- 
 troller General of France under I^ouis XIV. 
 
 1777. — Poll tax levied for Baltimore 
 county and city fixed at 172 pounds of 
 tobacco. One of tlie latest payments of 
 I axes in produce. 
 
 1777. — Highland (Ajiricultural) Society of 
 Seotlanil instituted. 
 
 1777. — Batii and West of England (Agri- 
 cultural) Society established. 
 
 1777. — I. arse importation of Spanish 
 Merino sheep by the people of Saxony. 
 
 1777. — John Eartram, born in 1699, died 
 :n this year. He was called the "Father of 
 American Botany." He founded at Kinges- 
 sinj^- the Hrst .\merican Botanical Garden 
 and published many valuable writings on 
 botaiiica! subjects. 
 
 1779. — The inhabitants of New England 
 obtained their first sweet corn from the 
 'ndiiins in this year. 
 
 1779. — In this year the expedition of Gen- 
 eral Sullivan against the Six Nations in the 
 Genessee country. New Yorlt, ascertained 
 that tlie Indians had fields of corn, and 
 t;ardens of beans, peas, turnips, cabbages, 
 melons, carrots, parsnips and potatoes. 
 
 1779. — Tomatoes first used in catsup ■ in 
 New Orleans about this time. 
 
 1779. — An earl.v sweet corn introduced into 
 Connecticut by an officer of the army re- 
 turning from an expedition against the 
 Indians in the Genessee country. 
 
 1779. — Improvements in cotton-spinning 
 machinery in England by Compton. 
 
 
 VsS, 
 
 fl^I'M'' 
 
 ''\i^%ly, 
 
 
 The Smithfield beef champion. 
 
 1779. — J. H. Campbell, of Charlton Kent, 
 England, fed and exhibited a famous Here- 
 ford ox at Greenwich. Live weight, 3,360 
 pounds; fore quarters, 1,016 pounds; hind 
 (juarters, 890 pounds; dressed weight, 1,912 
 pounds. 
 
 1780. May 1th. — This was the first Derby 
 Day in Kngland. The race was won by 
 Diomed. the property of Sir Charles Bu.i- 
 oury. All the competitors were colts. The 
 distance was one mile. 
 
 1780. — Imported Messenger (a thorough- 
 bred), foaied in 17S0, imported to the 
 Cnited States in 17SS and died in ISOS. He 
 was of Arabian descent. First in list of 
 original sources of American trotting blood. 
 Great-grandsire of Rysdick's Hamble- 
 tonian. 
 
 1780. — ^Wllliam Pitt, of Pendeford, Eng- 
 land, invented a reaping machine suggested 
 by the description of Pliny and Palladius. 
 
 This was described in Young's Annals of 
 Agriculture in 1787. 
 
 1780. — ^Practice of drilling and horse- 
 hoeing crops introduced Into Northumber- 
 land. 
 
 1780. — Mr. John Ellman, of Glynde Farm, 
 near I/ewis. in Sussex, England, commenced 
 breeding and improvement of Southdown 
 sheep. Continued fifty-two years. 
 
 1782. — The Mango reached the West 
 Indies from Brazil and soon became natur- 
 alized. 
 
 178.S. — London Society for the Encourage- 
 ment of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce 
 called public attention to the existence and 
 value of cotton-seed oil. 
 
 A Clydesdale stallion. 
 
 1783. — Exhibition of stallions at Edinburg, 
 .Scotland. Highest prize won by "Blaze," 
 first horse causing marked improvement in 
 Clydesdales. 
 
 1783. — First Gough & Miller Shorthorn 
 cattle importation via Baltimore to Virginia. 
 
 1783, September 3d. — Peace in Ameri<'H 
 after eight years of war for independence. 
 
 1783. — "Hubback," a great foundation bull 
 of Shorthorn family, bought by Robert Col- 
 ling and Mr. Waistell of Mr. Fawcett, near 
 Darlington. England. This bull was the 
 gre.atest factor in Shorthorn cattle improve- 
 ment. Had been used berore the discovery 
 of his merits for service at one 'shilling per 
 cow. 
 
 1784. — Plow with east-iron mold board 
 
 and v.-rought and cast-iron shares invented 
 by James Small, of Scotland. 
 
 1784. — David Landreth established himself 
 near Plailadelphia in market gardening, 
 nursery and seed-growing business. 
 
 1784, August 2d. — The first mail coach in 
 history started from London to Bri'stol, in 
 PJng'and. 
 
 1784. — Charles Colling, of Ketton Hall, 
 England, bought a cow at. Darlington 
 market of Thomas Appleby for $85, wliicli 
 he afterwards named Duchess — original stock 
 cow of the famous Shorthorn Duchesses. 
 
 1784. — First exportation of cotton, eight 
 bags, weighing in all 1,200 pounds. 
 
 1785. — power loom added to inventions for 
 manufacturing cotton goods by Dr. Cart- 
 wright, of England, greatly increasing the 
 demand for raw cotton. 
 
 1785. — First organization of American 
 agri«'uUural societies at Philadelphia, then 
 the Nation.al Capit.al. George Washington, 
 Benjamin Fr.nnklin and Timothy Pickering, 
 prominent members. 
 
 1785. — Robert Ransome, of Ipswich, Eng- 
 land, introduced plows with cast-iron 
 shares. 
 
 1786. — iBefore this year cotton was a 
 domestic manufacture amongst Southerrs, 
 planters. A letter from Thomas Jefferson 
 said; '"The four soutliernmost states make 
 a great deal of cotton. Their poor are 
 almost entirely clothed with it in winter 
 and summer," 
 
 1786. — Franz Karl Achard, German chem- 
 ist, discovered the true method of sepa- 
 rating the sugar from the sugar-beet plant. 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES, 
 
 21 
 
 1786. — Hca Island cotton introduced in 
 Georgia from the West Indies. 
 
 1786. — Mrs. Colling, wife of Mr. Charles 
 Colling-, of Shorthorn lireeding fame, first 
 known and recognized as cattle breeder, or, 
 in modern terms, a t'attle Queen. 
 
 1786. — The French government purchased 
 .SOO sheep from Spain, the foundation of the 
 French (Rambouillet) Merino. 
 
 1787. — The King of Spain presented a 
 jack and .jennet to General George Wasii- 
 ins^ton. The jack was called the Royal 
 Gift. 
 
 1787. — A mill for the manufacture v>f 
 cotton erected at Beverly, Mass. 
 
 1787. — A mill for the manufacture of 
 cotton was erected on James Island, South 
 Carolina. 
 
 1788. — In this year a Mr. Bisset. of 
 (Jeorgia, contrived a cotton-gin liaving two 
 rollers revolvin.? in opposite directions by 
 which five pound's of cleaned cotton were 
 made per day. 
 
 1788. — President Stiles, of Yale, wore at 
 the commencement exercises, this year, a 
 t»j|k gown froni material made and woven 
 in Connecticut. 
 
 1788. — As early as this date the American 
 scarlet rose-niall<>\v, said by Meehan to l)e 
 "the most gorgeous of all the plants indig- 
 enous to the United States." was mentioned 
 in Walter's "Flora Caroliniana." 
 
 1788. — First extensive production of Sea 
 Island cotton. I'homas Proctor raised 5,O00 
 I'ounds upon a plantation near Savannah, Ga. 
 
 1788. --.Swedish turnip and potato oat 
 added to fami crops in England and Scot- 
 land. 
 
 1788. — King: George, III., introduced 3Ierino 
 sheep in England. They did not thrive in 
 that country. 
 
 1789. —First authentic notice of Jersey 
 cattle liy the T,egi.slature of the Jersey 
 Island passing an act to keep out fraudulent 
 cows from France. 
 
 1789. — George Washington, President of 
 the United States, and served eight years, 
 to 1797. 
 
 1789. — Jussieu founds the Natural System 
 of Plants. 
 
 1789. — Eclipse, the peerless thoroughbred, 
 died at the age of 25. He was sire of S'H 
 winners at the race course. Owned by Mr. 
 O. Xelly. 
 
 1789. — General Lafayette presented a fine 
 Maltese .jack to General Washington, named 
 the Knight of Malta. 
 
 1789. — Commodore Gardner sent orchi'l 
 plants of Enii>idendrum fragrant from the 
 woods of Jamaica One flowered two ye.ars 
 aftei- and was the first orchid figured in the 
 Botanical ivlagazine. 
 
 The foundation sire of the Morgan breed. 
 
 1789. — Justin Morgan, famous horse, 
 parent sire of Morgan horses, foaled this 
 year at Springfield, Mass.; died in 1S21; 
 was moved to Randolph, Vt. Justin Morgan 
 '.vas descended frona the English thorough- 
 bred, also from Arabians and Turks. No 
 Morgan horse can be registered without one 
 fcixty-fourth of his blood in tire male line. 
 
 TORMENTOR — A typical Jersey bull. 
 
 1789. — On the Island of Jersey an act of 
 
 the local Legislature prohibited the impor- 
 tation of .any foreign breed of cattle. 
 
 J 790. — A cotton mill, driven by water, 
 with ginning, carding and other machines, 
 also spinning machines with eighty-four 
 si)indles each, put in operation at States- 
 burg, S. C. 
 
 1790. — Great imjirovement in the treadle 
 cotton gin made by Joseph Eve, of Provi- 
 dence. K. I., then residing in the Bahamas. 
 
 17f)0. — Almy t Brown established a 
 cotton mill at Pawtucket. R. I. In the same 
 year a mill was erected in South Carolina. 
 
 1790.- Successful attempt to grow Sea 
 Island cotton in ihe United States by Mr. 
 Wm. Elliott, near Beaufort, S. C. Seed pro- 
 cured from tlie Bahama Islands. 
 
 17.90. — Small's swing plow and Meikle's 
 threshing machine brought into general use. 
 
 1790. — When Alexander Hamilton was 
 Secretary of State under George Washing- 
 ton as Pre.'idenl. the exports of tobacco 
 constituted 21.5 per cent, of all exports, and 
 only second in importance to flour. 
 
 1790. — Goetlie writes on the metamorphosifi 
 of plants. 
 
 1790. — Thomas Booth, founder of a Short- 
 horn cattle family, commenced breeding at 
 Ivillerby, in Yorkshire. 
 
 1790. — The New Kngland Farmer, a 
 volume of over 300 pages, .published at 
 Wori.'ester, Mass. 
 
 1790. — The first Prussian veterinarj- college 
 
 established in Berlin 
 
 1790. — The Hugaiian government estab- 
 lished n stud of Arab horses at Babolna, 
 under the Tiepartment of Agriculture, for 
 the purpose of raising army horses. 
 
 ITQl. — In this year Mr. Heaton, a butcher, 
 who hiid settled in New York about 1775, 
 imported some Shorthorn cattle from the 
 herd of Mr. George Culley. of Northumber- 
 land. V\'hat became of them is unknown. 
 
 1791, February 2(jth. — New York Society 
 For the Promotion of .Agriculture, Arts and 
 Manufactures organized on this date. 
 
 I'JOl. — Agricultural s<'ciety formed at Ken- 
 nebec, Mass (now Kenneliec, Me.). 
 
 1791. — According to Dr. Elwood Harvey, 
 in an essay on the American trotting horse, 
 trotting as a spor: l)egan in England in this 
 year. i^e mentions an account of a brown 
 mare, 'ighteen years old, that trotted six- 
 teen miles en the Essex Road in fifty-eight 
 minutes. 
 
 1791. — Otter sheep, with a long body and 
 !-I\ort, crooked legs, originated from a mal- 
 iormed twin ram. Efforts were made to 
 I'reserve this sporadic variety on account of 
 its inability to run and jump and thus 
 escape from an enclosure. In the Eastern 
 States 't promised to become a distinct 
 species, but it has disappeared. Imagining 
 that the ewe had been frightened by an 
 otter (then occasionally seen in the vicinity) 
 people called it the Otter sheep. This state- 
 ment is from Harper's Book of Facts." 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1791. — The first English veterinary college 
 
 established in London. 
 
 1791. — Four .Spanish Merino rams received 
 into the United States, one ram supposed to 
 ha\e been u.spd in the vicinity of Delaware 
 until ISOS. 
 
 1792, March 7th. — Western Society of 
 Middlesex Husbandmen formed in Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 BUTTONWOOD DICK, 7th — CHAMPIO>J 
 RED POLLED STEER, CHICAGO LIVE 
 STOCK EXPOSITIO'N OP 1911. Exhibited 
 by the Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, 
 
 1792. — Pierre Legaux, a Frenchman, to- 
 Kether with a number of Pliiladelphia 
 people, set out a vineyard at ,Springmill, on 
 the Schuylkill river. 
 
 1792, April 11th. — The New York Legisla- 
 ture appropriated a sum for the Columbia 
 College to endow an agricultural professor- 
 ship. 
 
 1792. — As an experiment Mr. Charles Col- 
 ling, Shorthorn cattle breeder, used a bull 
 which was half Shorthorn and half Gallo- 
 way. This was called the "alloy" strain 
 and was afterwards bred out. 
 
 1792. — Arthur Young, of West Suffolk, in 
 England. inentions "universally Polled 
 <'attle, red, hrindle or yellowish-cream color, 
 famous for their quantity of milk;" the 
 original Red Polled cattle. 
 
 1792. — British Wool Society of England 
 mentions sheep of Morfe common near 
 Bridgnorth, spotted-faced Polled breed, 
 origin of Shropshire.^. 
 
 1793. — Vineyards planted in Jessamine 
 county. Kentucky, by a colony of Swiss 
 grape growers. 
 
 1793.- -The Macartney rose brought to 
 England from China by Ix)rd Macartney. 
 
 YOUNG ALICE'S PRINCE.— A St. Louis 
 World's r'air champion Shorthorn bull. 
 
 1793. — "Favorite," Shorthorn bull, calved 
 this year, was an inbred bull and was used 
 10 inbreed to an extraordinary extent. His 
 son by his own dam, the bull "Comet," was 
 Ihe first of the Shorthorn breed to sell at 
 $5,000. 
 
 1793, February 27th. — By act of Congress, 
 lireeding and useful animals were admitted 
 into this country free of import duty. 
 
 1793. — Eli Whitney's cotton gin invented, 
 greatest stimulus to cotton production in 
 this country. 
 
 1793. — It appears that the invention of 
 tlie cotton gin not only stimulated cotton 
 production, but it also made cotton a com- 
 petitor to flax, checking the production of 
 flax for fiber and indirectly causing more 
 attention to be paid to flax seed as a com- 
 mercial product. 
 
 1793. — National Board of Agriculture of 
 Great Britain org.anized. Sir John Sinclair 
 principal advocate. 
 
 1793. — Hon. Wm. Foster, of Boston, im- 
 ported two .Merino ewes and one ram from 
 Cadiz. He presented them to a friend, who 
 killed and ate them. 
 
 1793. — Soutli African white-haired ewes 
 crossed with imported Spanish Merino rams, 
 same being from the royal flock of King 
 George, III., of England. 
 
 1793. — The latest form of foot or treadle 
 sin for cotton was introduced in Georgia 
 from the Bah.ama.s. 
 
 1794.— .Accordin.g to the ISGO United States 
 Census, a French trav.jler named Volney 
 went to see all the American vineyards he 
 could hear of in this year, even so far as 
 Kaskaskia, on the Mississippi river, where 
 he was informed that the Jesuits had 
 planted a vineyard, but that the French 
 government had ordered or influenced its 
 destruction to prevent French grapes grow- 
 ing in America. 
 
 1794. — Society for Promoting Agriculture 
 
 in the state of Connecticut organized. 
 
 1794. — Arthur Young published a book en- 
 titled "A Survey of Suffolk," in England, 
 and mentions the hornless cattle of that 
 country, saying: "There is hardly a dairy 
 of any consideration in this district which 
 ooes not contain cows which give in the 
 Iteight of the season eight gallons of milk 
 a day and six are cominon among many for 
 a large pan of the .season. For two or 
 three months a whole dairy will give five 
 gallons a day on the average." 
 
 1794. — In tills year, a writer named Raw- 
 lin, in speaking of the cattle of Ayrshire, 
 said: "They have another breed called the 
 Dunlop, which are allowed to be the best 
 race for givin,g milk of any cows in Great 
 Britain or Ireland, not only for large quan- 
 city, but for richness and quality." The 
 Dunlops are a family of the Ayrshire breed 
 of cattle. 
 
 1794. — Matthew Patten removed from 
 Hardy county, Virginia, to Kentucky, and 
 carried with him some English cattle which 
 he had bought of a Mr. Goff, of Maryland. 
 
 1794. — The Shaker Community at Mount 
 Lebanon, N. Y., t/egan growing farm seeds 
 and developed a large trade in them. 
 
 1795. — One of the earliest seed farms was 
 established at Enfield, N. H., in this year. 
 
 1795. — Sieur Etienne De Bore, of Louisi- 
 ana, announced that he had discovered a 
 process necessary to obtain grained sugar. 
 He demonstrated it on his plantation. 
 
 1795. — In this yea;- Nicholas Appert, a 
 Frenchman, disco\ered the art of hermetical 
 sealing of food, now well known under the 
 title of canning. Fourteen years later he 
 was awarded a prize by the government, 
 which had been offered, long before, for a 
 method that would preser\e alimentary sub- 
 stances without robbing them of their 
 natural qualities and .iuices. 
 
 1796. — ^Charies Colling, breeder of Short- 
 horn cattle, exhibited a steer in England 
 and Scotland known as the "Durham ox;" 
 weighed 3,024 pounds at six ySlrs old. 
 
 1796, December 7th. ^In his message to. 
 dongress President Washini.gton recommended 
 pecuniary encouragement for the establish- 
 ment of institutions to promote agricultural 
 interests. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 23 
 
 1796. — Tn I>ancaster county, Pennsylvania, 
 im outbreak of cattle fever wa.s caused by 
 South Carolina cattle being brought in and 
 sold there. First report of splenic cattle 
 fever, afterwards attributed to the ticks In 
 Southern cattle. 
 
 1796. — Mr. .Tohn Ellman, of Glynde, Sussex, 
 r;ngland, called a meeting .it the town of 
 Lewes to collect money for prizes to be 
 awarded .-uccL>ssfal breeders, which action 
 led to the formation of the Sussex A.-jricult- 
 ural Society. 
 
 1796. — Owin^ to the deficient harvest and 
 foreign wars, Kngli!>h wheat rose from ordi- 
 nary price of fifty shillings per quarter to 
 ninety-six shillings per quarter. 
 
 1796. — In this year, according to the 
 American Shepherd by I>. A. Morrell, an 
 exhibit of wool was made at RambouWlef, 
 in France, in order to boom the Kaiiibouillet 
 breed of sheep, of which the French govern- 
 inent had a monopoly. A large number of 
 manufacturers and dealers in wool attended 
 the exhibit and unanimously ag-reed that the 
 wool on exhibit there was the finest, longest, 
 softest and strongest they had ever seen, 
 but they promptly got together and formed 
 a combination to keep down the price. 
 
 1797. — John Adams. President of the 
 United States, and served four years. 
 
 1797. — Trustees of Massachusetts Agricult- 
 ural Society commenced issuing: tracts or 
 bulletins. 
 
 1797. — Letters patent. signed by John 
 Adams, President, were issued in ,Iune of 
 this year to Charles Newbold, of New 
 Jersey, who invented the first cast-iron 
 plow ever made in America. Strange to say, 
 the farmers had an idea that the cast-iron 
 plow poisoned the land and promoted the 
 trrowth of rocks! 
 
 1797. — In this year, from the flock of 
 Colonel Gordon, twenty-nine Spanisli Merino 
 sheep were taken from Cape Colony, South 
 Africa, to establish the fine wool flocks of 
 New South Wales, Australia. 
 
 1798. — Robert Colling, lireeder and im- 
 prover of Shorthorn cattle, exhibited a 
 beautiful pure-bred heifer, known as "the 
 white heifer that traveled." Estimated live 
 weight, 2,300 pounds. 
 
 1798. — In this year Thomas Jefferson wrote 
 an essay in which he discussed the best 
 form nnd cnrvntiirp of the mold hoard of 
 plows, this being as far as known the first 
 attempt in this country to apply scfentific 
 principles to such a problem. 
 
 1798. — ^The tomato first brought to Phila- 
 delphia from Santo Domingo, but not re- 
 garded as a marketable product. 
 
 1798. — The Shaker Community at AVater- 
 vliet, N. Y., made brooms of broom corn. 
 
 1798. — In this year, in Kentucky, was 
 begun the Dufours vineyar<l, where the first 
 great American grape, the Cape — an offshoot 
 of the fox-grape — was propagated. This 
 grape was popular in the early half of the 
 nineteenth century. 
 
 1798. — Smithfield (I^ondon) Club organized. 
 Duke of Bedford, President; Arthur Youn.g, 
 Secretary. Object, to promote improvement 
 in cattle. Annual Cattle Show instituted: 
 first exhibition the following year. 
 
 1798. — The Mcintosh apple, a tvinter 
 variety of Northern origin, discovered by 
 John Mcintosh, of Dundela, Ontario, Canada. 
 
 1799, July 4th. — The first patent for a 
 reaping machine in England was granted to 
 .Joseph Boyce, of Pine Apple Place, at 
 Mary-Ie-bone, a northwestern suburb of 
 London. 
 
 1799. — On the ll'.th day of October a trot- 
 ting inatch was decided on Sunbury Com- 
 mon, England, between Mr. Dixon's brown 
 gelding and Mr. Bishop's grey gelding, each 
 carrying 16S pounds. The race was won in 
 ?7 minutes 10 seconds. The distance is not 
 stated, but the time shows that it "was a 
 trial of endurance as well as speed. This 
 Item is from the book by Dr. El wood Harvey. 
 
 1799. — First Tunis sheep imported into 
 this country from Africa by Gen. Wm. 
 Eaton, United States Consul. He sent ten 
 head on the ship Sophia, bound for the 
 United States. One ram and one ewe only 
 survived the voyage. This pair -was bred 
 under care of Judge Richard Peters, of 
 
 Belmont, near Philadelphia, until he had a 
 fine flock. The imported pair were finally 
 killed by <logs. I he ewe raising her last 
 lamb at the age ot sixteen years. 
 
 1799. — Old Dlomede, a thoroughbred, the 
 first I)erb.v winner in Kngland, imported into 
 Virginia at the age of twenty years. Father 
 of the American saddle horse. 
 
 1799. — Mr. John Westcar, of Oreslow. 
 Bucks, England, commenced attending and 
 exhibiting at Hereford Fairs. He won 
 twenty-one fiviU prizes in succe.>*sion at the 
 Smithfield Cattle .'^how. 
 
 1799. — In this year l^ouis Lesson estab- 
 lished a trading post at Montrose, in Lee 
 county, Iowa, and planted near his cabin 
 a small orchard of about 100 trees that he 
 brought from St. Charles, Missouri. This is 
 the first authentic record of fruit culture in 
 Iowa. 
 
 1799. — One of the earliest works on horti- 
 cultural sub.iects published in North 
 America was an American edition of 
 "Marshall's Introduction to the Knowledge 
 and Practice of Gardening," issued in 
 Boston in this year. 
 
 1800.— Peter J. Curtenius, a large iron 
 founder of New York City, advertised cast- 
 iron plows. 
 
 1800. — John Patten removed from Ken- 
 tucky to Chillicothe, Ohio, taking with him 
 some cattle of the p^nglisli breed which his 
 father had moved from Virginia to Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 1800. — The Northern Spy, a famous apple, 
 was originated in New York state about 
 this year. 
 
 1800. — In this year L.eicester sheep were 
 imported into Canada, by Rev. Mr. Toofy, of 
 Quebec. 
 
 1800. —In this year Mr. Ben Davis began 
 the cultivation of the orchard in which was 
 originated the apple bearing his name. He 
 was born in Prince Edwards county, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1775, and in ISOO removed to 
 Butler county, Kentucky, where he acquired 
 a large tr.act of land, and up to the out- 
 iirealc of the Ci\il War owned about twenty 
 slaves. He was the pioneer apple grower 
 and nurseryman of that section of country, 
 and his long experience in propagating 
 finally produced the Ben Davis apple. 
 
 1800. — ^Bernard McMahon, gardener, seeds- 
 man and author, opened a seed store in 
 i'hiladelphia. 
 
 1800. — Thomas Bates, of Kirklevington, 
 appears as breeder of Shorthorn cattle. This 
 herd was bred and held together fifty years. 
 
 1800. — The frigate Constitution brought a 
 Maltese ,iack 1o the United States from lier' 
 first cruise in the Mediterranean. 
 
 1800. — Farmers* Magazine established. Ed- 
 ited by Robert Brown, of Markle; continued 
 until 1827. Great help to British agri- 
 culture. 
 
 1800. — Richard England, of Bingham, and 
 Jonas Reeve, of Wighton, Norfolk, England, 
 commenced the improvement of Red Polled 
 cattle. 
 
 1800. — ^In England. Robert Meurs, of Som- 
 ersetshire, was g-ranted a patent for a 
 reaping machine propelled on wheels but 
 worked by hand. 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTlTRy. 
 
 1801. — ThonL-is Jefferson, President of the 
 t'nited St.ates, and served eight years, to 
 isng. 
 
 1801.— Edwin Hammond born; died 1.S70; 
 a;reat improver of Atwood Merino sheep. 
 
 1801. — A communication to the Massachu- 
 setts Agricultural Society contained the germ 
 of a movement in behalf of agriculture, re- 
 sulting in the holding of Fairs. It was 
 recommended that "small bounties be given 
 for certain articles." 
 
 1801.— In this year M. Delessert, a FVench 
 banker, owning a farm near Kingston. N. Y., 
 made an attempt to import .some sheep of 
 the Frencli Rambouillet Merinos. Unfortu- 
 nately three out of four perished during the 
 voyage, and the survivor, a ram, was 
 placed on his farm. According to A. L. 
 Jlorrell, author of the American Shepherd, 
 this was the first individual of the breed 
 introduced into this country. 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 tSOl. — In Oi'toher of this year Mi*. S'eth 
 Adams, of Massachusetts, imported a Merino 
 ram and ewe from France. He received an 
 award of S50 from the Agricultural Society 
 of Massachusetts for the importation of a 
 pair of sheep of superior breed. 
 
 S1*\MSH MrUlN" K\M -Pictuie iPl)i 
 renting- this bleed when thev uerc first im 
 ported an hundred >eaih at,o. Ihc improv 
 ment bv the American breeder reprresents 
 three for one in lleece-bearing capacity. 
 
 1801. — Straw or chaff-cultins machine in- 
 wonted by Lesier. 
 
 1801. — It was about this time that an 
 eccentric man. known as "Johnny Apple- 
 peed. •" began planting apple seed througnoui 
 indiana and adiacent territory. His method 
 was to scatter them broadcast, and he lived 
 to see 100,000 acres in orchards of his 
 planting. 
 
 1802. — .lohn Biddis, of Pennsylvania, 
 f.pcured in this country a patent for 
 inakinK potato starch. 
 
 1803. — Tomatoes introduced at Salem, 
 l\Ia?>-., by Mii'iielo Corne, an Itali.in 
 i/ainter, but hn had considerable difficulty in 
 persuadinET people to eat thein. 
 
 lj;02. — ^A Pennsylvanian named Murr.i> 
 emisTraied to Buncombe county, North Cari)- 
 lina, ten miles southeast of Asheville, and in 
 Ihii^ year found the Catawba grapes growing; 
 wild. This g-rape was brought into gener.il 
 iiotb'C ijy Major ,Tohn .Adlum, of GeorJ;e- 
 lown, D. C. 
 
 1802. — Mr. Li-\'ingson, of New York state 
 ATinister to France, imported two pairs of 
 Merino sheep. 
 
 1802. — ^Col. David Humphreys. United 
 States Minister to the Court of Spain, being 
 succeeded by Hon. Chas. Pinckney, was ten- 
 dered by the King of Spain a customai v 
 present to retiring Minister of ten bars of 
 !;cild, weighing one pound each, but as the 
 law forbids a United States Minister re- 
 ceiving nresents from a foreign court, Colon?l 
 IJump'hrejs declined it, but requested the 
 privilege of buving and taking 200 Merino 
 sheep out of the country The Spanish Court 
 did not fornially grant permission, but al- 
 lowed the exportation to be made. The 
 .sheep ^vere pure Transhumantei* or herded 
 sheep, and represent the Spanish Merino 
 .'•beep in America. 
 
 1803. — T>evi Thurston employed the first 
 lilt hammer at Orange, Mass.. for the pur- 
 pose of m.aking scythes. 
 
 IJ'OS. — .\ Shorthorn cow returned to Eng 
 land from America: the owner also return- 
 ing to his native country. 
 
 1803. — American cranberi-y first grown at 
 Cape Cod. Mass. 
 
 1803, April 30th. — I.onisiana Territory pur- 
 chased from Ihe French. 
 
 1803, May 1st. — ^The first American 
 patent for a machine for cutting grain was 
 issued to Richard French and J. T. Hawkins, 
 of New Jersey. This machine wa=! propelled 
 on three wheels, one of which extended into 
 tbe grain. 
 
 1803, November lOth. — Jedediah Turner, of 
 Cazenovia, N. Y., took out a patent on a 
 threshing machine to be operated by horse, 
 ox o>r wind power, and warranted to thresh 
 J 50 bushels of wheat per day. 
 
 1803. — ^Steam engine first used as thrash- 
 ing power by Mr. Aitchison, of Drumore, 
 England. 
 
 1804. — Bananas were first imported into 
 the United States in 1S14 by Captain John 
 N. Chetser, oi tbe schooner Reynard, and 
 consisted of thirty bunches. 
 
 1801. — Dr. .lames Mease, in Willich's Do- 
 niestick Enc> clopedia, describes the Wine- 
 sap apple t..s follows: "Winesap — ^An autumn 
 Iruit of deep red colour, and sweet, sprightlv 
 taste, makes excellent cyder. * * * cul- 
 tivated by Samuel Coles, of Moorestown, 
 New Jersey." 
 
 • 1804. — Horticultural Society of London 
 rounded by Sir Jos. Banks and associates. 
 
 1804. — Mr. John Price, of Ryall, Hereford- 
 ■-hire. first bought Hereford cattle, breedin..? 
 continuously until 1S41. 
 
 1804. — "The I'ennsylvaiiia Farmer," pub- 
 lished in Philadelphia, describes brooiTi corn: 
 ••.•\ useful plant, the cheapest and best for 
 making brooms, velvet whisks, etc." 
 
 1804. — Dr. Thurston, first United States 
 Commissioner of Patents, proposed that Fairs 
 he held on market days at Washingt'>n, 
 after the English fashion. First Fair held 
 in Octolier f>f this year. 
 
 1804. — Humlioldt writes on distribution of 
 l<!ants. 
 
 180.5. — Ice, now so much used in keeping 
 meats and fruit, began to be exported, the 
 pioneer being Frederick Tudor, of Boston. 
 The first cargo of ice was sent to Martinique. 
 
 .v triliuie to Johnny Appleseed. 
 
 180.5. — Ground bones be.gan to be used in 
 England as manure for turnips. 
 
 1805. — In the fall of this year Grant Thor- 
 burn began to sell seeds in New York and 
 l)uiU up a substantial business. 
 
 1805.— -In this year record was made of a 
 ■ >err\ pear tree in Flolme Lacy. Hereford- 
 .-■hire, England. It covered inore than half 
 :!n acre of ground, the branches bending 
 (town and taking root, and in turn producing 
 others in the same way. From this tree 
 fifteen hogsheads of perry was made in a 
 single year. 
 
 1805. — Thomas J. Plunkett. of Kent, 
 England, received a patent for a reaper 
 having the cutting apparatus suspended 
 beneath and in front of the axle and the 
 power behind. 
 
 1806. — Publication of Bernard McMahon's 
 .\meriran Gardeners' Calendar, first re- 
 corded history of American horticulture. 
 
 1806.- -Wm. R. Dickerson, of Steuhenville, 
 Ohio, commenced sheep raising b.v a pur- 
 cha.se of Spanish Merinos from Mr. James 
 ■"aldwell, o'' Jennsylvania 
 
 1800. — Velocity, dam of BelIfounder,trotted 
 on the Norwich road, in England, sixteen 
 miles in one hour, and though she broke 
 lifteen times into a gallop and as often 
 turned around, she won her match. Two 
 years later she trotted twenty-eight miles 
 111 one hour and forty-seven minutes. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 25 
 
 1806. — In France, Napoleon restored gov- 
 ernment stud estaI)lishmentB destroyed by 
 ihe revolution. 
 
 1806. — What is erpnerally accepted as 
 being- the first authentic fast record of 
 American tro'.ters is spoken of. Tills was 
 2:59 for a mile trotting, made by the horse 
 "Yankee" (breeding unknown) at Harlem, 
 New York. 
 
 H 
 
 \j^ M 
 
 MM 
 
 n^^p-^^ 
 
 14 1 
 
 W^'f^j/M 
 
 j5^ ^ w-' " "^ 
 
 Mt^ W 
 
 N^ skwIswmWIIbH 
 
 mm / J 
 
 m^^ 
 
 
 
 
 f ''^L^ 
 
 tt ,^^m 
 
 
 JA-iiii iiiMiBfiiiiiiiiiiiii.i 
 
 W 
 
 
 iP 
 
 ^"^"^ 
 
 
 Jhbii 
 
 w^S^ i 
 
 
 ■npqp 
 
 PAIR PERCHERON MARES. — Sold to 
 John H. Wray, of Fort Worth, Texas, for 
 $2,400 by J. Crouch & Son, after winning tbe 
 highe-s't prizes at the Dallas State Fair, 1911, 
 and at the National Breeders' and Feeders' 
 Show of 1911. 
 
 1807. — ■In this year Lieutenant Zebulon M. 
 Pike, of the ITnited States Army, who had 
 jireviously explored tho West and discovered 
 Pike's Peak, was arrested in Spanish terri- 
 tory as a trespasser and escorted back by 
 way of New and Old Mexico to the sea 
 coast, thence to the United States. In pass- 
 ing through the Mexican province of 
 Durango he found a stock ranch on whic>i 
 lOCOOO sheep, cattle and horses were owned 
 by one ranchman. 
 
 1807. — In this year Mr. George Culley, of 
 England, published a book entitled "Obser- 
 vations on Live Stock," in which it was 
 .'tated that Alderney cows were kept by the 
 Nobility for the ricii milk which they gave 
 to support the luxury of the tea table. 
 
 1807.— The double white Banksian rose 
 introduced into England from China, and 
 named in honor of l^ady Banks. 
 
 1807. — The Beurre Bose pear raised by 
 Dr. Von Mons and named Calebosse Bose, in 
 lionor of a distinguished Belgium cultivator. 
 
 1807. — Count Rumford observed that plants 
 deprived of carbonic acid die, and about this 
 time Ingenhousz, another investigator, proved 
 that they absorbed carbonic acid under the 
 influence of sunlight. Thi.s led to the gen- 
 eral basis of agrrieultural cheniistrj-, that 
 plants live mainly on inorganic matter. 
 
 1807. — Martyn's edition of Miller's "Gar- 
 deners' Dictionary," published this year, 
 enumerated ll!4 orchids. The orchids now 
 number about 10,000 species. 
 
 1807. — In this year it was reported that 
 a Bates Shorthorn cow (Duchess) gave 
 fourteen quarts of milk twice a day on 
 gras:j alone, making forty-two ounces (two 
 pounds ten ounces) of butter per day. 
 
 1807. — ^Eleazer Carver, of Bridgewater, 
 Mass., commenced the m.anufacture of roller 
 tfins and saw mills in Mississippi and 
 Louisiana. 
 
 ]g07. — Mr. Basse Muller Imported six 
 .■^rerino sheep at Philadelphia from the flock 
 
 of tho Prince of Hesse-Cas.sel. 
 
 1807. — Elkanah Watson, of Mas.sachusetts, 
 beginning with an exhibition of two Merino 
 sheep on tho public square at Pittsfleld, 
 Mass., soon developed an interest in llvo 
 slock shows. 
 
 1807. — .John Macarthur, of New South 
 Wa.es. .\ustrali;i, sent home to England 
 s/imples of his c!ii>. '.epresenting the begin- 
 ning of tho Australian wool shipments. 
 
 1808. — .\t the show of the East Norfolk 
 .Xgricultur.al Society. Mr. Jonas Beeve, of 
 Wighton, exhibited a Polled bull combining 
 the merits of the Norfolk and Suffolk varte- 
 lies. Fiist decidetl movement on iinprove- 
 inent of Red I'olled cattle. 
 
 1808, July lllh. — Samuel ariffith. of St. 
 Louis, who appears to have been a trader in 
 ,ive stock, .idverrised for good beef cattle 
 suitable for the New Orleans market. 
 
 1808. — Commencement of public sheep 
 >liearinfis by George Washington Parke 
 I'astis. at Arlington, Va., near Washington, 
 1>. C. 
 
 1808. — First .jack stock imported into the 
 .\'ew England States from Cape de Verde 
 Islands. 
 
 1808. — Hugh Watson, of Forfarshire, Scot- 
 land, commences breeding Aberdeen-Angus 
 cattle, he being nineteen years of age. 
 
 1808, December. — Four of the best flocks 
 of .\lerino sheep in Spain being confiscated 
 l.v the Junta, were sold at Badajos to 
 i.iivers from the ITnited Statesi and England. 
 This was after the second invasion of the 
 French into Spain. 
 
 1808. — In this year Hon. Wm. Jarvis im- 
 ported aierino sheep from Spain. They were 
 Paulars, .\iguerras, Negrettis, Escurials and 
 Montarcos. He bred them separately until 
 1S1G. when he mixed them all together for 
 the reason that they were very much alike, 
 and he knew of no good reason why they 
 should not be bred together. 
 
 1808. — The Hereford bull Wellington 
 calved this year; bred by Benjamin Tomp- 
 kins, Jr ; one of the famous sir'es of thia 
 breed; .sold for $1,400. 
 
 1808. — Mr. Seth Adams moved his Merino 
 sheep from Massachusetts to Muskingum 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 1808. — In this year Albert Gallatin men- 
 tions a cotton mill as being operated by 
 water power at Petersburg, Va. 
 
 CHAMPION ANGOR.X GOAT owned by 
 R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kas. 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1809. — In July of this year Col. RicharU 
 Peters proposed that the Philadelphia 
 Society for the Promotion of Agriculture 
 establish a manufactory of agricultural im- 
 plements and a warehouse and repository 
 for receiving and vending them. He stated 
 that no manufactory of asricultural Imple- 
 ments in general existed in the United 
 States, although the demand was prodigi- 
 ously gieat. 
 
 1809. — James Madison. President of the 
 United States, and served eight j'ears. 
 
 1809. — Mr. Thomas Hotch migrated from 
 Connecticut to Stark county, Ohio, with a 
 few Jtlerino slieep. 
 
 1809. — Twelve sheep of the Spanish Me- 
 rino Ksciirial floi-k imported bv Mr. Jarvis 
 sold for a total of $15,000. 
 
 1809.— The Columbian Agrieiiltnral Society 
 instituted: first organization to hold im- 
 portant Fairs. 
 
 1809. — ^Mr. Wni. Jarvis, of Vermont, Min- 
 ister to Portugal, sent home 200 Spanish 
 Merino sheep. 
 
 WILLIAM PEiNN. 2: 07 14 — A COLT 
 TROTTER. A free-for-all trotter and sire 
 of trottersi. Sire of Miss Penn, 2:16: A. 
 Penn, 2:17%; Steel Pen, 2:18% ; Voca, 
 2:19%; Silver Pen, 2:15V4; and others. 
 Owned by N. W. Bowen, of Delphi. Ind. 
 From photo by Schreiber, of Philadelphia. 
 
 1810, August 25th. — At Philadelphia, "Bos- 
 ton Horse," a chestnut gelding, fourteen 
 years old, trotted one mile in 2;4S%, in a 
 sulky, for $600. This record is vouched for 
 by J. H. WaiUace, trotting authority, and 
 now generally accepted as the first reduction 
 of an established time record by an Anieri- 
 ean trotter. 
 
 1810. — A well-known firm, Reitz, Van 
 Breda & Joubert, agriculturists and ex- 
 tended land proprietors in the districts of 
 Bredasdorp and Swellendam, South Africa, 
 made first successful importation to that 
 country of .Spanish Merino sheep, there 
 being two bucks and twenty-five ewes in the 
 importation. During the Napoleonic wars in 
 Europe the wool of these sheep sold for 90 
 cents per pound. 
 
 1810. — The malxingr of elieese as a business 
 began in Herkeimer county. New York. 
 
 1810. — First American eiffars mnde in the 
 United States by Mrs. Prout, wife of a 
 farmer of South Windsor, in the Connecticut 
 Valley. 
 
 1810.— Partial sale of Shorthorn cattle by 
 Robert CoUing. Sixty-one cattle averaged 
 *617.94 per head. 
 
 1810. — Mr. Seth Adams, of Zanesvllle,Ohio, 
 sold a pair of Merino slieep to Judge Todd, 
 of Kentucky, for $1,500. 
 
 1810. — Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, In- 
 troduced fine jaclts into that state from 
 •Spain. 
 
 1810. — iScarcely inore than one variety ot 
 
 the Moss rose was known at this time, 
 
 though now there are more than an 
 hundred. 
 
 1810. — The tea plant introduced Into 
 Brazil at Rio de Janeiro, 
 
 I810.--By this time the invention of 
 .Nicliolas Appert was used in England for 
 canning: fruits and veg-etables. In this year 
 an English patent was granted to one Peter 
 Durand for a can made of tin to ne used in 
 hermetically sealing food, the patent also 
 covering the use of glass, pottery and other 
 fit material. 
 
 1810. — ^Captain Wm. Smith bought a 
 .Shortliorn i)ull and took it to Fayette 
 county, Kentucky. 
 
 1810. — ^Sale of Sliortliom cattle by Charles 
 Colling at Ketton, England; average for 
 forty-seven head. $757: top price for the 
 bull Comet, $5,000. This was the dispersion 
 of one of the greatest herds of cattle in 
 Shorthorn history. The broth.n'S Charles 
 and Robert Colling had separate herds, and 
 this was the first to T)e dispersed. The 
 CoUings were the first great Improvers of 
 modern Shorthorn cattle and they were 
 first-class advertisers also by show-yard 
 methods. 
 
 1810. — ^The cranberry first cultivated from 
 wild bog fruit in the vicinity of Cape Cod, 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 1810. — In this year Albert Gallatin said of 
 .\merican household manufactures: "By far 
 tlie greater iiart of the cotton, flax and 
 woolen uroods was manufactured in private 
 families, mostly for their own use and 
 partly for sale " 
 
 1810.— Sorghum recommended as a soiling 
 crop under the name of Guinea corn by 
 .lohn Lorain, in memoirs of Philadelphia 
 AgricuUural .Society. 
 
 1810. — In this year 2S3 linseed-oil mills 
 were enumerated in the United States, of 
 which 171 were in the state of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 1811. — The Merino Society organized in 
 England with Sir John Banks as President 
 find fifty-four Vice-Presidents. 
 
 1811. — In this year Lord Braybooke, of 
 .\udley End, England, established a herd of 
 -■^Iderney cattle with one bull and eilght 
 cows which cost $94.70 per head delivered 
 at his estate. 
 
 1811. — Spanish Merino sheep introduced 
 into .Silesia by Ferdinand Fischer, of Wlr- 
 chenblatt. Tliey were Nigrette and Infan- 
 tado Merinos. 
 
 1811. — Mr. Abraham Heaton Imported 
 Spanish Merino sheep, forty-two head. 
 
 1813. — Shorthorn cattle of Virginia impor- 
 tations taken to Ohio. 
 
 1812. — This is year in which the state of 
 Louisiana was admitted into the ITnion. 
 
 1812. — 'Artificial heat first employed in 
 curing tobacco to produce the piebald or 
 spansled tobacco of Virginia to satisfy the 
 foreign demand. 
 
 1812. — 'A Mr. Cox. of England, arrived 
 witli a few Shorthorns, taking them into 
 New York state. 
 
 1812. — ^A party of twelve men of St. Louis, 
 under the leadership of Captain McKnight, 
 established what was afterwards called the 
 Santa Fe trail, marvels of the New West. — 
 M. B. Thayer. 
 
 1812. — English wheat advanced to 12G 
 shillings and 6 pence per quarter. Highest 
 in history. 
 
 1813.- -Importations of T.,eicester sheep by 
 Christopher Dunn, of Albany, N. Y. 
 
 1813. — At this time the factory of S. & 
 A. Waters, of Amsterdam, N. Y., was turn- 
 ing out 6,000 scythes annually. 
 
 1813. — Foster & Murray, of Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., carried on the manufacture of scythes, 
 .sickles, hoes and shovels by steam power. 
 
 1813. — Establishment of the famous flock 
 of Stephen Atwood, who was the breeder of 
 Merino sheep for fifty-four years. He started 
 5Vlth one ewe bred to a neighbor's buck; 
 result, twini5 — a back and ewe lamb. 
 
 1813. — The thoroughbred horse imported 
 into Cape Colony, South Africa, by Lord 
 Charles Somerset, who was tlien Governor 
 of the province. 
 
 1813. — ^Duncan, in his "Farming of Here- 
 fordshire," said of the Hereford cattle: 
 "Lar.ge size, an athletic form, an unusual 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 27 
 
 neatness, characterize the true sort; the 
 l)revalling color is a rerKlish brown, with 
 white face." 
 
 HEAD OF DEiFENDER— International grand 
 
 champion steer at Chicago. A 
 
 pure-bred Hereford. 
 
 1814. — The seed of the Miner plum 
 planted in Knox county, Tennessee, by Wil- 
 liam Dodd, an officer under Gen. Andrew 
 Jackson. It went by different names for 
 some time, and it is not certain how it 
 became known as the Miner. 
 
 1814. — According to DePronville, a French 
 writer, in this year there were only 124 
 varieties of roses, but by the advantage of 
 multiplication by seed there are now more 
 than 6,000 varieties. 
 
 1814. — Valuable purple and striped variety 
 of sugar cane brought to Georgia from, the 
 West India island of St. E^statius. 
 
 1814. — Richard Booth (son of Thomas) 
 ootnmenced breeding 8iiortliorn cattle at 
 Studiey, in Yorkshire 
 
 1814. — Mr. Bezaleel Well«, of Fort Steuben, 
 Ohio, bought large numbers of Merino slieep 
 from Hon. Wni. .larvis. 
 
 1814. — Texas or Soulliern cattle fever, first 
 mentioned. Dr. James Mease, of Philadel- 
 phia, said that cattle from South Carolina 
 so certainly diseased all otliers witli which 
 ihey mixed in their progress to the North 
 that they were prohibited by the people of 
 Virginia from passing througli that state. 
 
 1814. — "Let us cultivate the ground, that 
 the poor as well as the rich may be 'filled,' 
 and happiness and peace be established 
 throughout our borders." — On title page of 
 Third Volume Memoirs of the Philadelphia 
 f^ociety For Promoting Agriculture, pun- 
 lished by Johnson & Warner. 
 
 1814. — In July of this year Jethro Wood, 
 of Scipio, N. Y., was granted a patent for a 
 cast-iron plo»v, having the naould plate, 
 share and landside cast as three parts. This 
 became the foundation of many improve- 
 ments of later date. 
 
 1814. — Mr. Bezaleel Wells, Mr. Patterson, 
 Henry Baldwin and James Ross erected a 
 woolen factorj' at Steubenville, Ohio. 
 
 1814, December 2.Sth. — ^Birth of Sir Jolin 
 Bennett Lavves, of Hertfordshire, England, 
 student of agricultural chemistry, whose 
 field and animal experiments are of great 
 service and value throughout the world. 
 
 1814. — Nicholson, in the Farmers' Assistant, 
 describes modern grasses and mentions that 
 they seed freely. 
 
 1815. — Com (wheat) laws of England re- 
 enacted. 
 
 1815. — In this year Joseph Louden Ma- 
 cadam, a Scottish engineer, became Sur- 
 veyor General of Roads at Bristol, England, 
 and put itnto practical use the theories he 
 had thought out. This resulted in the In- 
 vention and development of what is now 
 called the maeadani road. 
 
 1815. — General failures of American woolen 
 manufacturers had disastrous results on the 
 sheep-raising industry. 
 
 1815.-— In this year l/ouls Downing, of 
 .•-^alGm, Ma.«s., moved to Concord, and there 
 iieg.in the manufacture of coaches and 
 wagons. 
 
 1815. — Robert Barclay, of Bury Hill, near 
 Dorking, in England, received two plows, 
 sent him by Judge Peters, President of the 
 .". gricultural Society of America. WThen 
 tested against the best English plows, thoy 
 >lid the work with two horses which 
 i:ngiish plows did with four. 
 
 1815. — First references to the cowpeas as 
 t-nnd for forage and soil renovation. 
 
 1815.---.-\bout this time Ezra Doggett, an 
 i^nglishman, brought the secret of canning 
 go<Kls to \merica and engaged in packing 
 i.f hermetically-sealed food and engaged in 
 the business with his son-in-law, Thomas 
 Kensett. 
 
 1816. — In this year died, on Boone's 
 Creek. Washington county, Tennessee, a 
 farmer who propagated the Hoss apple, 
 sometimes caUed the "horse" apple. He 
 was Jacob Hoss, great-grandfather of Bishop 
 E. E. Hoss, and came there from Pennsyl- 
 ■■ ania in 177S. 
 
 1816. — ^In this year, at Montreal, Canada, 
 a French draft horse was imported that was 
 owned by .lames McMatt. of Washington 
 county. New York state, as late as 1S33. He 
 was called European and supposed to be a 
 Percheron. 
 
 1816. — The Oakes cow, famous in Massa- 
 chusetts this year, gave forty-four quarts 
 of '.nilk per day," and made 467 pounds of 
 butter m one year. ■• 
 
 1816. — The Isabella grape, supposed to be 
 a nati\e of Dorchester county, South Caro- 
 lina, was tai\en north this year. It was 
 introduced into New York by Mrs. Isabella 
 Gibbs, of j^rookl.vn, .and was named for her. 
 it was the third great American grape, 
 being a slioot of the wild fox-grape. 
 
 A TYI'IC.M, POLAND-CHINA BO.\i;. — 
 nOY.AL DLTDE, as a yearling, weighed .540 
 pounds. This is one of the champions at 
 the Great St. I.,ouis Fair, which at one time 
 was the greatest Fair of all. 
 
 1816. — The "Big Chinas," large, white 
 ho.gs, with sandy spots, taken to Warren 
 countj', Ohio. Berkshires following in 1830: 
 Irish Graziers in 1S39; and a breed called 
 Byfields. All had something to do towards 
 establishment of the breed of Poland-China 
 swine. 
 
 1816. — This is known as the year without 
 a summer. The corn crop failed for wane 
 of sunshine throughout the country. At 
 Watertown, N. Y., on June 7th, there was 
 Ke three-eighths of an inch thick. In 
 Maine, commercing on June 12th, snow fell 
 for three days, and the earth was frozen 
 half an inch deep. 
 
 1817. — James Monroe, President of the 
 United States, and served eight years. 
 
 1817. — In Philadelphia appeared "The 
 View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees," by 
 Wm. Coke, credited as being the first 
 American pomological book. 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1817. — The Hessian fly, so called from the 
 tiupposition that it was brought to this 
 country in some straw by the Hessian 
 soldiers iluring the Revolutionary War, 
 scientifically described by the naturalist 
 Thomas Say. 
 
 1817. — The "Missouri Intelligencer and 
 Boon's Lick Advertiser," the first newspaper 
 publication in Missouri, printed at Old 
 Franklin, in Howard county. It was neces- 
 sarily somewhat of a farmers' paper. 
 
 1817. — First pure-bred Devon cattle im- 
 
 )>orted by Mr. Patterson, of Haltimore, 
 from the English herd of the Earl of 
 Leicester. 
 
 1817. — First pedigreed Shorthorn bulls 
 
 imported into the United States by Samuel 
 M. Hopkins, of Moscow, N. Y. 
 
 1817. — Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, im- 
 I'orttd Hereford cattle, four head. 
 
 1817. — Colonel Ivcwis Sanders, of Ken- 
 tucky, im^ported eight Shorthorn cattle and 
 four Longhorns. 
 
 1817. — Felix Renick. of Kentucky, drove 
 100 prime fat Shorthorn steers to Phila- 
 delphia, and sold them for $i;?4 per head 
 on the beef market, Mr. Renick was tho 
 first man to drive cattle over the Allegheny 
 Mountains to the New York market. 
 
 1817. — In his book. "View of the Cultiva- 
 tion of Fruit Trees," punllshed in Phila- 
 delphia by Mr. Coke, he illustrated and 
 described the Winesap apple and cliaracter- 
 ized it as then "becoming the most favor- 
 able cider fruit in West Jersey." This book 
 is considered as being the beginning of 
 s.vstematic pomology ii> America. 
 
 1817. — A few I.,onehoni cattle from Eng- 
 land imported into Kentucky, Ijut soon 
 crossed with other breeds and lost sight of 
 
 1817. — The Noisette rose, raised by John 
 Champney, of Charleston. S. C, from see^ 
 of the Musk rose, fertilized by a blush 
 China rose. From the seed of this hybrid 
 T'hilippe Noisette; a florist of Charleston, 
 obtained a rose which was afterwards dis- 
 tributed as Blush Noisette by his brother 
 T.ouis. of Paris. 
 
 1818. — In this year Ellsha Mills, from the 
 Xew England States, established himself 
 i. s a p<irk pa«'ker in Cincinnati. This was 
 the besiinning of a great industry in Cincin- 
 nati, which ;?;ave th.Tt city prominence for 
 many years and became for a time the grea,t 
 pork packing center of the country. 
 
 1818. — Crinjson clover introduced into the 
 United States by Bedingfield Hands, of 
 Chestertown, Md. 
 
 1818. — Importation of I>evon cattle from 
 Engl.and by Hon Rufus King, of New York. 
 
 1818. — High water on the river Nile, ZV2 
 feet above proper level, destroying crops. 
 First record of .threat Hood in modern agri- 
 culture. 
 
 1818. — Dearborn's secdingr pear r.'tised this 
 year by H. A. .S. Dearljorn, of Boston. 
 
 1818. — Robert Walker, of Kincardshire, 
 Scotland, commenced breeding Aberdeen- 
 .Angus cattle, continuing until his death in 
 iSTt. 
 
 1818. — New York Horticultural Society 
 cstalilished; first organization of its kind 
 in the United States. 
 
 1818. — Mr. James Prentice, of Uexington, 
 Ky., imported bulls of Shorthorn blood. 
 
 1818. — ^Sale of Shorthorn cattle by Mr. 
 Robert Colling, of Brampton. Sixty-one 
 head averaged ,?()44.35. 
 
 1818. — Steam engines on condensing prin- 
 ciple erected at F.ast T^othian, Scotland, to 
 propel thrashing machinery. One of these 
 was doinig .eood work fifty-five years later. 
 
 1818, September 15th. — Five great abat- 
 loids in Paris, France, opened up, where all 
 cattle, hogs and sheep for Parisians were 
 slaughtered. These were the models of the 
 world and had no rivals until in recent 
 years American slaughter and packing 
 houses have surpassed them. 
 
 1818. — 'Porter's Spirit of the Times of 
 December 26th, 1856, says: "The first time 
 ever a horse trotted in public for a stake 
 was in 181S. and that was a match against 
 time for $1,000. It was a bet that no horse 
 could trot a mile in three minutes. It was 
 
 .accepted by Ma.ior Wm. .Tones, of Long 
 Island, and Colonel Bond, of Maryland. The 
 horse named at the post was Boston Blue, 
 who won cleverly and gained great renown. 
 Boston Blue was taken to England, where 
 he trotted eight miles in L'S minutes 55 
 secoiid.s. He w.as a rat-tailed, iron-gray 
 gelding, IC hands high, and nothing is 
 known of his pedigree. 
 
 DUROC-JECRSEY BARROW — GRAND 
 CHAMPION AT NATIONAL WESTERN 
 SHOW. DENVER, COLO., 1911. Exhibited 
 by the Agricultural College, Fort Collins, 
 Colorado. 
 
 1818. — A sea captain, Tames Jeffries, 
 l)rought over a pair of white hog:s showing 
 bluish stDots on skin, since known as Bed- 
 ford hogs, from English county in which 
 they ori.ginat'^^d. He placed them on his 
 farm at West Chester, Pa. 
 
 1819. — ^In this year Chevalier barley, best 
 type for malting, was originated in .Sutfolk, 
 England. 
 
 1819. — First American patent for Improve- 
 jirovoment in farm hoes wa-s registered by 
 C. Bulkley, of Colc-hester, Conn. 
 
 1819. — In April, John Stuart Skinner, of 
 Maryland, established The American Farmer 
 at Baltimore, the first agricultural journal 
 in America. Tho.mas Jefferson and Andrew 
 .lackson were patrons. 
 
 1819. — The Bourbon rose was introduced 
 into France by Jacques, head gardener of 
 the Duke of Orleans, at Neuilly, who re- 
 ceived it in 1S19 from Breon. Director of 
 the Royal Gardens in the Isle of Bourbon. 
 
 1819. — ^Part of the Hereford cattle herd of 
 B. Tompkins, Jr., sold at auction after his 
 death. Av'erage for twenty-eight cattle, 
 5745 per head; top-price bull, $2,940; 
 iiighest-priced cow, $1,365. 
 
 1830. — Charles Mitchell, a London-born 
 I-;ng)ishman arriving from Scotland, entered 
 the employment of Win. Underwood & Com- 
 pany, formed for the purpose of engaging 
 in the business of canning food. 
 
 1830. — ^In this year, Colebrook. in Litchfield 
 ':'ounty, Massachusetts, returned the largest 
 manufacture of scythes of any town in the 
 United States. 
 
 1820. — ^Appearance of the midge in Ver- 
 mont, the first insect known to ravage tho 
 wlicat crop. 
 
 1830. — At this time the firm of F. F 
 Farwell & Co.. of West Fitsburg, Mass., was 
 making a good reputation as manufacturers 
 of scythes, which industry was kept up 
 many years. 
 
 1820. — ^In the Sydney, Australia, Gazette 
 of this year it was reported that in England 
 badly-bred Australian wools sold at 40 to 44 
 cents a pound; light and fairly-bred at 42 
 to 46 cents; fine heavy wools at 4S cents; 
 the best light wools at 86 to 90 cents a 
 pound. 
 
 1830. — Richard W. Meade. Minister to 
 Spain, imported Mei'ino sheep from Spain 
 ;i t Philadelphia; principal foundation stoclc 
 of Delaine Merinos. 
 
 1820. — ^"Young Clydesdale," stallion gained 
 highest premiums at Scotch Agricultur.al 
 Shows. Sold at five years old for $600 at 
 zenith of popularity. 
 
 1830. — Alfalfa clover was tried this year 
 
 in New York state. 
 
HISTORY OP^ AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 29 
 
 1830. — Dr. AVarinpr made a g-ood edible oil 
 from cotton set'd at Columbia, S. C. 
 
 tSiO. — In this year the price of scythes 
 
 laiii^ed from if 12 to $1.S per dozen. 
 
 1830. — Colonel .Tames Ridley, of David.son 
 lountv. Tennf!=.see. earliest pioneer .iack 
 breeder of that state, bought the Jack Com- 
 I'romise in Virj-rinia. 
 
 1830.--The eensiis of this year enumerated 
 a population of 9 637,999, including 2,070,- 
 1.46 persons enga.^ed in ag^riculture. 
 
 Sucfi-'^tul m^ipp flowing 
 
 1820. — The United States Department of 
 Agriculture credits Mr. John Adlum with 
 making the Hrst really successful effort at 
 jrrape prrowing: on the Atlantic Coast. In 
 this year he planted a vineyard near Geor.ee- 
 town, D. C, consisting of native vines. His 
 introduction of the Catawba variety into 
 yeneral cultivation was the beginning of a 
 new era in grape history. 
 
 1820. — A stallion, "Young Rattler," noted 
 for st>lish, high-headed appearance and 
 proud-stepping action. Ancestor of French 
 coach horses. 
 
 1820. — Steam in closed circuits introduced 
 III greenhou.sos, followed by hot-water 
 heating. 
 
 1820. — Closing out of the Shorthorn herd 
 of Mr. Roliert Colling, of Brampton. 
 
 1820. — The .srreat Arabian stallion, Galli- 
 rolis," imported into France. Great orig- 
 inal sire of the Percheron breed. 
 
 1820. — Lord Barrington, great early im- 
 1 rover of Berkshire swine, commenced selec- 
 tion and breeding. 
 
 1821.— A. B. and F. A. Stevens, of Ho- 
 hoken, N. J., obtained patents for improve- 
 ^iiients in cast-iron plows, designed to make 
 them easier ot draught. 
 
 1821. — In this year William M. Muldrow, 
 a f.amous adventurer, started a drove of 
 milch cows from Palmyra, Mo., to I^ord 
 Selkirk's Colony at Manitoba, Canada. The 
 route was a trackless territory infested 
 by Indians, but a remnant of the party with 
 a" few cows fina.lly arrived at their destina- 
 tion. 
 
 1821. — Philip Dauncey. of England, father 
 of English Jersey cattle breeders, bought a 
 cow which he called •'Pug." She gave fls. 
 Muarts of milk per day, from which he 
 made IIV? potinds of butter a week. 
 
 1821. — Lucerne or alfalfa clover mentioned 
 by a writer in South Cariolina as a most 
 valuable soiling crop. 
 
 1821. — ^In this year Thomas Massey, of 
 Delaware, advocated soilln;; for the dairy, 
 recommending corn as being of great value 
 for the purpose. 
 
 1821. — Keene's Seedling, a variet.v of straw- 
 berr>% raised by Keene. of Isleworth (near 
 London), the celebrated English strawberry 
 grov/er. 
 
 1821. — -In The American Farmer of this 
 year Caleb Kirk described a mill for clean- 
 ing: clover seed. 
 
 1821. — First steam-driven mill for crush- 
 ing sugar cane erected in Louisiana. 
 
 1821. — ^Wm. Berry, of Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, purchased a ram and ewes 
 from W. R. Dickinson's flock and established 
 the Black Top .Spanish Merino sheep. 
 
 1822. — ^In January of this year, in the 
 Island of Tasmania, the first aBri«'ultural 
 society of the new Southern world was 
 organized. Its professed ob.iects were the 
 protection of flocks and herds from the 
 depredations of thieves and irresponsible 
 nomads, and for the encouragement of better 
 moral habits among the population. 
 
 1822. — According to Ma.ior Henry E. AI- 
 >ord, authority on dairy cattle, the first 
 .\yrshires in .Xmerica were brought to Ncv 
 York in this year. 
 
 1822. — The Easton (Mas-.) Spade and 
 Shovel Manufactory commenced by Oliver 
 \mes wa? making 2,500 dozen shovels 
 annually. 
 
 1822. — July nth of this year records the 
 hnportation into America of the thorough- 
 bred stallion Bellfoundpr, bred in the dis- 
 trict of Norfolk, Kngland. and bought by 
 James Bioot. of Boston, and imported by 
 liiiTi. Bellfounder was a bright, beautiful 
 bay, with black legs, fifteen hands high. He 
 ■.vas said at the time to be the fastest and 
 best bred horse sent out of England. At 
 five years old he trotted two miles in six 
 minutes and later trotted nine miles in 
 tbirty-rwo minutes, with twenty-two seconds 
 to spare. 
 
 1822. — Thomas Green Fessenden founded 
 the New Engrland Fanner at Boston, Mass.. 
 and edited it until his death in 1837. This 
 publication is now discontinued. 
 
 1822. — ^I'eter Henderson, market gardener. 
 .'seed grower and horticultural author, born 
 in this year near Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 
 1822. — The Seven Sisters' Kose introduced 
 into England from Japan by Thunberg. 
 
 1822. — In his American Orchardist, the 
 editor. James Thatcher, gave valuable 
 directions for the selection of seed in at- 
 tempting to produce improved fruits and 
 \ cgetables. 
 
 1822. July Tith. — At Sydney. Australia, was 
 held the preliminary meeting organizing the 
 (irst Australian Agricultural Society. Presi- 
 dent. Hon. Baron Field ; Patron, Sir Thomas 
 Brisbane; Vue-Presidents. Rev. Samuel 
 Marsden. Wm. Cox, Robert Townson and 
 Hannibal Macarthur; Secretaries. Alexander 
 Berry and George Thoinas Palmer. 
 
 1822. — First Shorthorn Herd Book pub- 
 lished in England. It was brought out by 
 Mr. George Coates in his old age and con- 
 tinued by his son. 
 
 1822. — Nicholas Longworth, of Cincinnati. 
 Ohio, recei^•ed cuttings of the Catawba 
 ;;rape from Ma.iov Adlum. and thereupon 
 established a vineyard. His grape growing 
 i'.nd wine making were eminently successful 
 I or many years*. 
 
 1822. — First Shorthorn Herd Book pub- 
 lislied in England. 
 
 DUROC-JERSEY SOW — HATTIE SECK. 
 as a yearling, weighing 500 pounds. Won 
 sweepstakes at the St. Louis Fair. Exhib- 
 ited by N. B. Cutler, of Carthage, 111. 
 
 1822. — Henry Keisey. of Florida. Montgom- 
 ery, county. New York, iinported a pair of 
 red hogs from England. 'These hogs were 
 afterwards called Durocs, named for a 
 famous horse he owned. 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1823. — -At one of the quarterly meetings 
 the Australian Agricultural Society paid for 
 and destroyed 3S7 native dog tails, it being a 
 fair presumption that previously the dogs 
 had been destroyed. 
 
 18:23, January 1st. — Students first received 
 at Gardiner I^yceum, an institution for In- 
 struction of Jiiechanirs and fanners. Re^-. 
 I?enjaiiiin Hale, first Pre.sident. The insti- 
 tution ',vas named in honor of Robert Hiallo- 
 well Gardiner, who obtained the grant of 
 SI. 000 per year to put the first agricultural 
 (■olleg"e on its feet. Tliey had twenty regu- 
 lar students the first year, besides othens 
 who attended the short course in winter. 
 
 1823. — At a dinner given by the Australian 
 Agricultural .Society the gardens of Dr. 
 Townson and Mr. Piper furnished eighteen 
 kinds of fresh finiit and four kinds of dried 
 fruit. The banana, the Orlean plum, the 
 real peach, the cat-he.id apple and a fine 
 kind of inuskmelon were specially mentioned. 
 
 1823, May "iSd. — Historic sectional contest 
 in horse racing between the North and the 
 •South. American Eclipse represented the 
 .North, and Henry, or, as he was originally 
 named Pir Henry, represented the South. 
 Eclipse won two four-mile heats out of 
 three. Time, 7:37'/^, 7:4!) .and 8:24. Avera.§e 
 heats, 7:.'37, or ] minute t>l seconds to the 
 mile. 
 
 1823. — Grant Tliorburn's (New York) seed 
 .'•atalogrue at this time wa.s the only one 
 .issued in oamphlet form 
 
 1823. — Jierkshire swine introduced Into 
 the United States by John Brentnall, an 
 English farmer living in New Jersey. 
 
 HULOT — PERCHERON STAT^LION. Cham- 
 pion any age or breed at the Fort Worth 
 Breeders' and Feeders' Show, 1912. Exhib- 
 ited by J. Crouch & Son, Lafayette, Ind. 
 
 18i3. — Jean-Ije-Blanc, a remarkable Per- 
 ••lieron stallion, foaled in this year. To this 
 sire a great portion of the finest, lar.go 
 Percheron horses trace their <'rigin. He is 
 considered as the great Improving agent of 
 his race. He died at thirty-two years of 
 .■i.ue, the property of M. Miard, of Villiers. 
 Department of Orne. He was a Percheron 
 of the purest blood, strengthened by infu- 
 sion of the Arab. 
 
 1823. — Pfenry F.ckford, famous as improver 
 of plants, born in Scotland. "Our gardens 
 owe much of their sweetness and beauty to 
 him, and liis work has brought a blessing 
 to many an humble flower lover who never 
 heard his name." 
 
 1823. — ^Abdallah, son of Mambrino, and 
 sire of Hambletonian, a horse of very re- 
 mark.able and positive character, was foaled 
 in this vear on Long Poland, New York, and 
 bred by John Treadwell. Abdallah lived 
 until 1.S54. 
 
 1823. — .Tames McDowell, improver of Dick- 
 inson iMerinos, commenced herding sheep in 
 .Stark county, Ohio, ending as breeder in 
 TLSS7. 
 
 1823. — Hon. Chas. Rich, of Shoreham, Vt., 
 established a floclj of Si>anish Merino sheep. 
 
 BERK.SIIIRE BOAR — CARLOS VK'TOR. 
 2d. A three-year-old. v.'oighing 700 pounds. 
 Took first prize at several State Fairs and 
 at St. Louis. Exhibited by Etzler & Moses, 
 of Convoy, Ohio. 
 
 1824. — By act of Parliament, the I^nglish 
 acre was required to contain 4,840 square 
 yards. 
 
 1824. — Thomas Berwick.an English animal 
 frtist, saitl of the zebra: "Such is the beauty 
 of this creature that it seems by nature 
 fitted to satisfy the pride and formed for 
 the service of man, and it Is most probable 
 that time and assiduity alone are wanting 
 10 bring it under subjection." 
 
 1S24. — T)ie Merino buck Bolivar, owned by 
 \Vm. R. Dickinson, of Steubenville, Ohio, 
 won first premium in wool sheep classes at 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 i824. — The Acadians in Louisiana intro- 
 (Ku "d a new method by v/hich tobat^co was 
 I't.cd under intense pressure in its own 
 
 ,ill('0 
 
 I8',^,li.--Mr. John J. Coiron introduced new 
 -ei-d phints of sugar can© from Georgia, but 
 onginiUy from the island of Eustatius. 
 
 IK2.'». —First tobacco warehouse established 
 n Connecticut at Warehouse Point. 
 
 182.5. — .John Quincy Adam.s, President of 
 the I'nited St.itcs, and served four years. 
 
 1825. — Floriculture, orignated in Phila- 
 adelphia, commenced to be of importance 
 about this time. 
 
 182.5, March I'lih. — The following adver- 
 tisement appeared in the Indianapolis 
 .Journal: ''Seed oats and potatoes. The sub- 
 ^cribar has for sale at his residence on 
 Circle street, Indianapolis, a quantity of 
 seed oats, largely Early Blue, White Marino 
 and red potatoes." The advertisement was 
 signed by Isaac Coe. 
 
 182.5. — .Tames Moores. of Steubenville, Ohio, 
 sold the wool clip from one hundred sheep 
 at one do!lar per pound. 
 
 1825. — Ayrshire cattle mentioned by agri- 
 cultural writer Alton. 
 
 1825. — At a meeting of the Australian 
 Agricultural Society Mary Kelly received an 
 award of twenty Spanish dollars for an ex- 
 hibit of silk, and at the same meeting a 
 threshing machine made by John Blaxland 
 was exhibited. 
 
 182.5. — In th's year a large ox was men- 
 tioned in the newspapers: "A fat ox in- 
 tended for the New York market was reared 
 at .Shaftesbury. Vt., and was exhibited at 
 Troy, N. Y., March 28. It was seven years 
 old and of the real American breed and 
 said to weigh 2,772 pounds." 
 
 1825. — Colonel W. S. Hamilton, son of 
 Alexander Hamilton, made a contract to 
 ."upply beef to the garrison of Fort Howard 
 at Chicago, 111., and for this purpose bought 
 and st.arted a drove of cattle from Spring- 
 field. Hi. This was the first shipment of 
 Illinois cattli' to Chicago. Previously the 
 garrison had been supplied from Cleveland 
 and Bui'falo. The cattle referred to cost $10 
 per head, and a young man named John 
 JIamlin accorr.panied them as drover. 
 
 1825. — In this year Ijucien B. Maxwell, an 
 .Vmerican, Avho traveled to the Cimarron 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 31 
 
 river, was married to a tlauighter of Charles 
 Beaublen, a pioneer Prenciinian, inheriting 
 an iimmense tract of land since known as 
 the "Maxwfll Grant." In his later days Mr. 
 Maxwell owned 10,000 horses. 10,00 cattle 
 and 40,000 sheep. He employed tiCiO men, 
 and was the first American raneliman of 
 prominence in that section of the South- 
 west. 
 
 1825. — The Oaily Advertiser in September 
 of this year said : "The Saxon sheep Im- 
 ported by G. & T. Searle were sold .at 
 Brighton, near Boston. The liiRhest price 
 f'iven fcr a single one was $4!>0, and another 
 was sold for y.'?!;,^, and the average price, 
 includingr l.ambs, was $160 per head. The 
 purchasers were nearly all g-entlemen ex- 
 perienced in raising sheep. 
 
 1825, August l.st. — The following adver- 
 tiseiTient apj'eared in the Indianapolis 
 .Journal: "Henderson & Blake will give six 
 cents a pound in specie for all the fresh- 
 dug: <»insens that is delivered to them. The 
 Oinseng must not be washed but lie free 
 from curl.« and cut roots." 
 
 1825. — In this year a party started from 
 Franklin, Mo., to New Me\i<'o. They were 
 eighty strong and had with them 200 horses 
 and mules. They reached Santa Fe, 931 
 7nile.'- froh the i>lace of stMrting. in duo 
 time. In record of thi.s expedition it is said 
 that after reahing New Mexico the first 
 civilized habitation met with was owned by 
 Juan Peno, who. in addition to owning 
 cattle and horses, has flocks amounting to 
 l.SO.OOO sheep. 
 
 1825, October. — A fat hog news item ap- 
 pearing this year gives some Idea of swine 
 raising at the time. "A hog is feeding in 
 Porks township. Northampton county, Penn- 
 sylvania, that weighs more than 800 pounds; 
 is eight feet nine inches long and seven feet 
 in circumference. He is rapidly increasing 
 'n bulk and expected to weigh above 1,000 
 pounds .at Christmas." 
 
 1826. — In this year this horticultural item 
 appeared and read as follows: "It ha.T 
 been ascertained by experiment that linseed 
 oil being washed over trees previously to 
 their budding out will render them iinper- 
 vioue to frost.". 
 
 1826. — Rev. Patrick Bell, of Scotland, pro- 
 duced a mowing machine, having, in addi- 
 tion to previous inventions, a revolving apron 
 or endless web for gathering. This is the 
 oldest machine which came into general use. 
 McCormick's cutting apparatus adopted in 
 18.51 gave it renewed life. 
 
 1826. — In this year Hon. Wm. Jarvis, of 
 Weathersfield, Vt., said tliat he began to 
 cross his iniported flock of Spanish Merinos 
 Avith .Saxony sheep. At th.at time his aver- 
 age fleece was three pounds fourteen ounces 
 lo four pounds three ounces. His buck 
 fleeces ranged from Ave and one-quarter to 
 six and one-half pounds. 
 
 1826. — According to a letter written by 
 Hon. Wm. Jarvi.s, a great importer of sheep, 
 foot rot w.is Drought into this country with 
 ihe sheep imported from Saxony in this 
 year. He also said: "Foot rot was totally 
 unknown .among Spanish Merinos." 
 
 1826. — The Indiana Journal, published at 
 Indianapolis. contained advertisement of 
 .lohn Francis Dufour. Postmaster at Vevay. 
 Indiana. He proposed to publish .a weekly 
 agricultural journal under the title of the 
 Western Fanner. The announced subscrip- 
 tion price was .$".00 a year. 
 
 1826. — A horse named Trouble trotted a 
 mile in 2 :43. 
 
 1826.--"Tjeaming:," a deep yellow corn, 
 originated with Tdr. J. .S. I..eaming, of Wil- 
 mington. Ohio. This is the earliest of eight 
 varieties of corn recognized by the Illinois 
 Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 
 
 1826. — First mill established for the ex- 
 traction of oil from cotton seed at Colum- 
 bu.s, S. C. 
 
 1826. — First official cotton quotation record. 
 Middlinsr upland cotton. New York market, 
 highest price of the year, 14 cents; lowest, 
 9 cents per pound. 
 
 1826. — Maryland Agricultural Society of- 
 fered a special premium to owner of lamb 
 iihearing the greatest quantity of picklock 
 wool; won by W. R. Dickinson, of Steuben- 
 ville, Ohio. 
 
 1826. — Agricultural school founded as pri- 
 vate institution at Crignon. near Paris. The 
 oldest agricultural institution in France. 
 
 1826. — The lirst drove of hogs on record as 
 being received at Chifago were driven from 
 the Wabash ri\er during the winter of 
 1S2G-7. They were brought in by Gurdan S. 
 Hubbard, who sold them to the soldiers at 
 Fort Howard and the citizens surrounding 
 the fort. 
 
 1827. — Mr. Parsons Gorham, of Cincinnati, 
 .-old seeds and was one of the early Western 
 merchants carrying a supply of seeds. 
 
 18^7. — First slaugliter liouse in Chicago 
 tiuilt of logs by .\r(hib.aUl Clybourne. The 
 lirst drove of hogs v/as received at Chicago 
 this year. 
 
 1827, October 3d. — "Rattler," (pedigree un- 
 known', placed the trotting record for two 
 iiiiles at r>:"i. 
 
 1827. — ^In this year, in lOiigland.a Mr.f'la.-k 
 of Canwick. exhibited two wether I^incoln 
 sheep in the Lincoln m.arket. The lleecea 
 had yielded twelve pounds each. When 
 slau.H-htered. the carcass of the larger one 
 weighed 21)1 pounds; each of the foie quar- 
 ters weighed 73 pounds, and the hind quar- 
 ters 57 V2 pounds. On the top of the rib the 
 solid fat measured nine inches in thickness. 
 1827. — The earliest recorded apple tree 
 planting in Kansas was in this year by Rev- 
 erend Thoinas Johnson, near Shawneetown, 
 Johnson countv. 
 
 1827. — The Idea of conilensing milk to 
 make it keep better occurred this year to a 
 French chemist named Appert. Seven years 
 later the method of evaporating the milk in 
 rarefied air to prevent it from re.aching the 
 boiling point was first used. 
 
 1827. — In this year Archibald Clybourne 
 opened a butcher shop in Chicago, and 
 during the winter of 1833 estaldished a 
 slaughter iiouse on North Branch, south of 
 BloOTningdale Road. This is the beginning 
 of Chicago's manufacturing and packing 
 interests. 
 
 1827. — Statement by Grant Thorburn: "Be- 
 sides good seeds good gardeners are neces- 
 sary in making a garden flourish.'" 
 
 1827. — As marking the aevelopment of the 
 Western country it is recorded that in this 
 year a permanent settlement was inade by 
 white men on the west bank of the Missouri 
 river. It was first protected by a military 
 cantonment afterwards called Fort Leaven- 
 worth, in honor of Colonel Henry H. 
 worth, the conimander of the troops. 
 
 1827. — The South Carolina Railroad Com- 
 pany organized and operated by horses. 
 
 1828. — "A Treatise on Horticulture," the 
 first comprehensive book on the subject in 
 the United States; written by William 
 Prince, of I>ong Island. 
 
 1828. — Nicholas Txingworth, of Cincinnati, 
 by introducing native vines or their seed- 
 lings, produced from Catawba and Isabella 
 grapes wnrie of a high marketable value. 
 
 ]R38. — A Mr. Corbett attempted to raise 
 Indian (American corn) in England. He 
 ;iublished a book, entitled "A Treatise on 
 Corbett's Corn." 
 
 182g. — Ac East Hartford. Conn.. Timothy 
 Deming first undertook the manufacture of 
 horse collars. He invented the short straw 
 collars and the blocks on which to make 
 them.. 
 
 jgog, — \xt old marltet report. From the 
 Indianapolis .lournal. July 3d: "Market at 
 this place — ^Flour. $2.50 per 100 pounds; corn 
 meal. 50 cents per bushel: bacon. S cents 
 per wound and much in demand. A scarcity 
 of the latter article may be attributed to 
 the number of hog« which were driven from 
 this section of the country during the last 
 fall to a foreign market." The foreign 
 market in all probability was Cincinnati. 
 
 1828. August :id. — Birth of Andrew S. 
 Fuller, farmer, mechanic, horticultural writer 
 and improver of flowers and fniits. He died 
 in 1896. His "Small Fruit Culturlst" is pub- 
 lished in several language-si 
 
 t828. — A treatise on the rearing of silk 
 worms bv Pr. De Hazzi, of Munich, was 
 iranslated from the German by Mr. James 
 Mease, of Washington, !:>. C, by order of 
 ihe United States Congre.ss. 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1828. — The following item appeared in the 
 newspapers in November of this year: "We 
 are informed that Mr. Israel Cole, of the 
 town of Berkshire, Mass., has inade this 
 season 16,000 pounds of cheese from the 
 milk of only twenty-eight cows, being- on an 
 aver.-ige or' 571 pounds to each cow. His 
 cheese is of the best quality and fetches 
 with his established customers in New York 
 one or .two cents per pound more than that 
 of ordinary dairies. The average price of 
 cheese at this time was 12 V2 cents per 
 pound. 
 
 1828. — A Mr. Riley and Mr. Richard Jones 
 ivere awarded medals by the Australian 
 I New South W.ales) Agricultural Society for 
 introducing Sa.xony Kheep into Australia. 
 
 1829. — Ar. act of Parliament passed in 
 Kngland regulating the package, weight and 
 sale of butter. 
 
 1828. — In this year Peter Hayden, of Oum- 
 mington. Mass.. commenced the manufacture 
 nf harness and s.iddler.v at Auburn, N. Y , 
 this being the foundation of the largest 
 American saddlery house. So great was his 
 success that for the time being the importa- 
 tion of foreign saddlery ceased almost en 
 urel.v through his efforts. 
 
 1829. — Toi)g;illant, a son of Coriander, darn 
 i)y Bisho].'.« J-Iainbletonian, established tlii- 
 three-mile trotting record of S:ll. 
 
 1829. — Andrew Jackson, President of th'- 
 United States, and served eight years. 
 
 1829. — Tlie soy bean first grown in 
 America in the botanic garden at Camtorid.ge, 
 Mass. 
 
 1829, September 7th. — The first pacer men- 
 tioned in the history of the light harness 
 turf. Bowery Boy (pedigree unknown), 
 established the two-mile pacing record at 
 .'1:0412. 
 
 1829. — First locomotive engine tried on 
 'Vmei'ican continent to run on rails imi)orted 
 by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- 
 pany. Tt weighed seven tons and was con- 
 sidered too heavy. The engine was known 
 as the Stourbridge Lion. 
 
 1829, September, — The first number of 
 the American Turf Register and Sporting 
 Magazine was issued in New York, witn 
 .lohn S. Skinner as editor. Ten years later 
 this paper was absorbed by The Spirit of 
 the Times. 
 
 1829. — In ths year the first poultry incu- 
 bator constructed was exhibited in London. 
 Lngland. It was a hot-water incubator, and 
 was not at all satisfactory. 
 
 1829. — Tlie tomato first sold on the market 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 1829. — The Jonathan apple originated in 
 New Y'ork about this year. 
 
 1829- — ^Straw and grass first utilized in the 
 United .Sitates for the manufacture of paper 
 by G. A. Schyrock, of Philadelphia. 
 
 1829, November 26th. — Great inundation of 
 the Nile, in Egypt, begins. About 30,000 
 people perish Ijy the overflow. 
 
 1830. — First practical locomotive engine 
 for every-day work built at West Point 
 Foundry, New York, for the South Carolina 
 Railroad. 
 
 1830. — In the early part of this year the 
 B. & O. Railway was finished from Balti- 
 more to EUicott Mills, a distance of thirteen 
 miles. It was operated by horses. 
 
 1830, — ^Prince, in his "Treatise on the 
 A'ine," published this year, described eighty- 
 one native grapes of America. Two or three 
 thousand varieties have been disseminated 
 since, which are the offspring of our native 
 species. 
 
 1830. — Oxford Down slieep originated by a 
 'jross of Cotswolds, Hampshires and prob- 
 ably Southdowns. 
 
 1830. — Jersey cattle first imported into the 
 United States from the Channel islands. 
 
 1830. — The vacuum pan erected in sugar 
 .aouso by Mr. Thomas Morgan in Louisiana, 
 the pioneer of these appliances. 
 
 1830. — Major Knox, of Danville, Ky., great 
 breeder and prize winner, commenced breed- 
 ing jacks and jennets. 
 
 1830. — W'm. Ensign, of Wilbur's Basin, 
 Saratoga county, N. Y.. commenced breeding 
 red hogs. 
 
 1830. — Light one-horse wagons first ap- 
 peared in Connecticut. 
 
 1830. — Wm. McCtombie, of Tillifour, Scot- 
 land, founded a herd of Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 
 
 1830, June. — In the American Turf Reg- 
 ister and Sporting Magazine a contributor 
 suggests that trotting matclies at regular 
 periods would be as useful as the running 
 races by thoroughbreds. 
 
 1830. — .Jonathan Curran, of Murfreesboro. 
 Tenn.. started breeding jacks and jennets. 
 
 1830. — .Tohnson grass introduced into this 
 country fr-.^m Turkey. 
 
 1830. — fTapan clover first coming into 
 notice in this country. It was an accidental 
 introduction from Japan. 
 
 CHESTER WlllTl-; liDAR — EXPORT, as 
 n two-year-old, weighing 700 pounds; was 
 sweepstakes winner at the St. Louis Fair. 
 Exhibited by J. W. Dorsey & Sons, of Perry, 
 111. The St Louis Fair referred to is the 
 Great St. Louis Fair, first opened in 1856. 
 
 1830. — First appearance of the Chester 
 White hog in Ohio. Keeland and Isaac Todd 
 brought a pair with them from East Haven, 
 Conn., to the vicinity of Wakeman. Three 
 years later Joseph Haskins also brought a 
 pair from Massachusetts. 
 
 1830. — In this year, in his "Treatise on the 
 Vine." Mr. W. H. Prince enumerates eighty- 
 eight varieties of American grapes. 
 
 1831, .January 1st. — The Genesee Farmer 
 founded by Mr. Luther Tucker at Rochester, 
 N. Y., and was the forerunner of The Coun- 
 try Gentleman, the oldest agricultural peri- 
 odical in the world, having Ijeen published 
 continuously and without interruption. 
 
 1831. — In this year superior steel hoes 
 made at Pittsburgh were sold at $4.50 per 
 dozen. Iron and steel were low in price at 
 that time. 
 
 1831. — The steel spring (prong) pitchfork 
 introduced and patented in the United 
 Slates in this year by Charles Goodyear, of 
 T'hiladf.lphia. 
 
 1831. — Ben.iamin Warfield, of Lexington, 
 Ky., purchased the first pure-bred Shorthorn 
 cow owned by him. Foundation of Grasmere 
 shorthorns. 
 
 1831. — Prince, the ■ naturajist, gave the 
 lirst native raspberry to come into cultiva- 
 tion its proper name — Common Red. It had 
 been called English Red. 
 
 1831. — Redfield, investigator of weather 
 conditions, published his first essay, describ- 
 ing action of storms and hurricanes. 
 
 1831.— Silk Culture Manual published by 
 J. H. Coibb distributed by Coinmonwealth of 
 Boston and the United States Senate. 
 
 1831. — S. C. Parkhurst opened a seed store 
 in I'incinnati, Ohio, and did a large trade In 
 grass and clover seeds. 
 
 1831. — ^In this year The American Farmer 
 described a. machine invented by Thomas D. 
 Burrall. of Geneva, N. Y., for the purpose 
 of cleaning clover seed. 
 
 1831, December 10. — The Spirit of the 
 Times, great sporting paper, started as a 
 weekly, with Wm. T. Porter as editor, In 
 New York City. The last issue of this paper 
 was in December. 1902, when it was consoli- 
 dated with the Chicago Hor.seman. 
 
 1831. — Youatt, eminent writer on live stock 
 subjects, mentions Normandy, in France, as 
 noted for its horses. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 33 
 
 1833. — Alexander Riley, of New South 
 Wales, imporled thli'teen pure-bred Anj^ora 
 {(oats from Prance, receiving them at the 
 port of Sydney. On account of death in the 
 fanii'ly, these goats were afterwards dis- 
 jjersed. They were the first New South 
 Wales Angoras. 
 
 1832.— Messrs. Heatheoate & Parker, of 
 I'^ngland, employed traction Kteain eiigincN 
 In clearing- a larse tract of marshy ground 
 lying between Manchester and Ijiverpooi, 
 which liad been considered unreelaimable 
 by any other means at hand. 
 
 1832. — f.ate in this year Charles Cist, of 
 Cinciniiati. instituted the first delinite state- 
 ment of pork i>apkingr in tlie West. 
 
 1833. — Ohio Importing Company organized 
 l.y Allen Trimble. Duncan Mc.Xrthur, Felix 
 Kenick and other.s to import cattle, princi- 
 pally Shon horns. 
 
 1832. — The first lot of cattle was packed 
 and barreled in Chicago by Geo. W. Dole 
 for Oliver Newberry, of Detroit, Mich., tlie 
 number being 1j50 head. They were driven 
 Ironi Wabash and cost $2.75 per 100 pounds 
 for the net beef, the hides, tallow, etc., 
 lieing tlirown in by the seller. The cattle 
 were slaughtered at what is now the corner 
 cf Madison street and Michigan avenue, 
 then the liigh prairie. In Decemiber of the 
 same year Mr. Dole also bought and slaugh- 
 tered tlie first hogs ever packed in the West, 
 tliere being 338 head, average unknown, but 
 cost three cents per pound on foot. The 
 150 head of cattle referred to in tiiis item 
 were purchased of Mr. Charles Reed, of 
 Hickory Creelv, 111. It must be remembered 
 that it was salt-beef packing, largely for the 
 supply of sea-going vessels. This salt-beef 
 packing indu.str.v \vas displaced to a large 
 extent later by dressed-beef transported in 
 refrigerator cars, although salt-beef packing 
 is not a lost art, liy any means. 
 
 1832. — A pair of Jersey red pigs imported 
 from Spain to Salem, N. J. 
 
 1832. — Mr. Thomas Hogg devised a system 
 representing important principles of hot- 
 water heating' for greenhouses. 
 
 1832. — Kendrick, in the "New American 
 Orchardist," suggested the blackberry as 
 iieing worthy of cultivation. 
 
 1833. — Mr. Jonas Webb, of Suffolk. Eng- 
 land, recorded as successor of John Ellman 
 In Iminovement of .Southdown sheep. 
 
 18.J2. — ^Mr. Hawes, of Kngland, imported 
 Berkshire swine at Albany, N. T. 
 
 1832. — In tliis year Mr. David Bradley, 
 famous as manufacturer of agricultural Im- 
 plements, commenced worlc in plow niakint; 
 at Syracuse, N. Y. Three years later he 
 removed to Chicago to help erect the first 
 foundry there and was the first man to 
 bring pig iron into that city. The estab- 
 lishment soon began the manufacture of 
 plows. He worked at the bench wooding 
 "Garden City Clipper" plows, whose name 
 and faine have ))ecome world-wide. 
 T>eaving the employment of others, he soon 
 had a plovv shop of his own, and for fifty 
 years saw it growing to larger and larger 
 proportion.'!, riglit in tlie heart of Chicago, 
 until it became one of the largest manufact- 
 uring establishments of agricultural imple- 
 ments and compelled him to get larger 
 ground space, which he finally did in the 
 town wliich saw fit to honor his coming by 
 taking upon itself his name. Mr. Bradley 
 died at the age of S7 years, the oldest plow 
 maker in the United States. 
 
 1833. — Product of wheat on Island of 
 Jersey. Five-years' average ending this year 
 was forty bushels per acre. 
 
 1833. — In tliis year a royal decree In 
 Fi-ance established the Government Stud 
 Book, wliicli had considerable influence in 
 the improvement of French horses. 
 
 1833. — The >Iaine Farmer established at 
 .VugLista, Me. 
 
 1833. — Isaac Hoskins moved from New 
 Bedford, Mass., to Wakeman, Ohio, carrying 
 with him white hogs that helped to estab- 
 lish the Todd Improved Chester Whites. 
 
 1833, November 19tli. — ^A patent for a 
 metliod of cultivating or working land by 
 steam power was first issued in tlie United 
 States to Ei C. Bellinger, of South Carolina, 
 but the invention never went into gener.al 
 use. , '.,(:,! .»!_■' 
 
 1833. — In this year, In the Ne.w American 
 Orchardist. AVilliam Kenrick mentions 
 twenty-three varieties of figs. 
 
 1833. — Daniel Pratt, a native of New 
 Hampshire, commenced the manufacture of 
 cotton gins in Autauga county, Alabama. 
 
 1833. — Antoine LeClaire established an 
 (u-chard at Davenport, in Scott county, Iowa. 
 This orchard contained about 400 trees, 
 which were brought l)y boat from Cincin- 
 nati. Ohio, and was the second orchard 
 started in that state. 
 
 1833. — ^In this year four tons of silk co- 
 coons were produced in Windham county. 
 Connecticut. The interest in silk culture 
 had been ad\anced by ijoom methods until 
 it partook of the nature of a craze instead 
 of a legitimaco industry. 
 
 1833. — Charles Mason Hovey began a series 
 cf experiments ,and fin.ally produced Hovey's 
 .•Needling strawberry, which became the lead- 
 ing berry for thirty years and actually 
 caused strawberry culture to became a pop- 
 ular and profitable industry. It was the 
 first strawberry suited to climate and condi- 
 tions of America. It is now extinct. 
 
 1833. — William Smith was born in this 
 year. He invented the stump puller in 1861. 
 He died in 191(1 at LaCrescent, Minn. 
 
 1833. — ^Boston, the phenomenon, a thor- 
 oughbred horse, foaled in this year. He 
 uas lired by Judge John Wickham, of Tuck- 
 ahoe, Virginia. He was "a horse with a 
 backbone like a fence rail and a stifle like 
 a Duriiam bull." He ran a mile in the first 
 heat of a longer race in 1:46, which was 
 three-fourths of a second faster than the 
 record at tliat time. At the lieight of hl.s 
 career his owner advcrtise<l to match 
 Boston against any two horses in the world, 
 to run four-mile heats for no less a sum 
 than $•15,000, taking one horse in one heat 
 and the other in the ne.xt. Tlie challenge 
 stood in the advertising- columns of the 
 .Spir't of the Times without takers. 
 
 1833. — Rice successfull.v threshed out ia 
 the Sontliern States by animal and steam 
 power. 
 
 1833. — ^Sylvester Marsh arrived from the 
 Uast in Chicago, and after working in tlie 
 new town three years projected a packing 
 house on Kinzie street, near Rush street. 
 I'hey packed 6,000 hogs in 1.S36. He used 
 to go LjO miles to the Wabash river driving 
 cattle, hogs and sheep and whatever he 
 could pick up on the way. The canal be- 
 came his best source of supply before rail- 
 roads ivei-e running into Chicago. 
 
 1833, December. — Obed Hussey, of Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, received a patent for a reaping 
 machine which obtained favorable recogni- 
 tion in several states. Five years later a 
 manufactoi-y was established at Baltimore. 
 
 1834, October. — -V steam plow was tested 
 by the inventor. Major A. Tyrrell, in Genesee 
 county. New York. 
 
 1834.- -The Ko.val Jersey Agricultural 
 Society lield its fir.^^t meeting on January 
 1Sth. This society played a very Important 
 part in the early development of Jersey 
 cattle and continued to do so. 
 
 1834.-— First breeding of Berkshire swine 
 on farm of Richard Gentry, in Pettis county, 
 Missouri. He was uncle and stepfather of 
 N. H. Gentry, the famous improver of Berk- 
 shires. 
 
 1834.— Old CVrannie, calved on the farm of 
 Hugh Watson, of Keillor, Scotland. First 
 cow recorded in Aberdeen-.4ngus Herd Book. 
 This famous cow lived to be tliirty-flva 
 years of age. 
 
 1834. — Edwin Forerst, black gelding of 
 unknown breeding, reduced the trotting 
 record to 2:31 'A. 
 
 1834. — A cotton-seed oil mill erected at 
 Natchez, Miss. 
 
 1834. — A "Howard" vacuum pan estab- 
 lished in the sugar house of Mr. Valcour 
 Alme, planter, of St. James Parish, Louisiana. 
 
 1834. — Shorthorn cow Princess sold by 
 H. Clay, Jr., of Kentucky, for $2,000. 
 
 1834, March. — The Cultivator, an earl.v 
 agricultural paper, was founded by Jesse 
 Buel under tlie auspices of the New Yorkl 
 State Agricultural Society. Edited by Judge 
 Biuel, -A'ho afterwards became proprietor. 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1834. — ■V\!Tj. Fullerton, of Ardovle, Scot- 
 l.ind. started a breeding herd of Aberdeen- 
 Ang:us rattle. 
 
 1884. — Tyler Stickney flock of Spanish 
 Merino sheep esiahliMlied at Shoreham, Vt. 
 
 1834. --T7Tiiportation of heifers Rose of 
 Sharon and Young Mary, famous for Short- 
 hoim excellenee. 
 
 1834. — A vessel from f.eg-horn arrived in 
 America, and a part of the carg-o was :i 
 small shipment of fouls, which were at 
 once named "Ijeghorns." They became pop- 
 ular on account of their good laying and 
 non-sitting qualities. 
 
 1834. — First patent for his reaping; niaehino 
 issued to Cyrus H. McCormick, of Rock- 
 bridge -.'ouniy. Virginia. It was worked in 
 ISIil. impioved many times, and "a great 
 boon to this country and foreign lands." 
 
 CYRUS HAI.T> Mccormick, inventor of 
 the reaper. Born February, 1809; died 
 October, 1865. Inventor of the first practical 
 reaping machine. 
 
 183.5. — T>ie Rloods'ood pear brought into 
 notice by James Bloodgood, of Flushing, 
 Long Island. • 
 
 1833. — A. C. Moore and D. M. Magie, In 
 Ohio, two of the originators, breeders and 
 principal improvers of Poland-Cliina swine. 
 
 1835. — Norton's Virginia grape — ^an off- 
 spring of the wild summer grape of tho 
 Southern and Middle States — found on Cedar 
 Island, in the .lames river, near Richmond, 
 Virgini.a. 
 
 183.5. — Fifty miles were trotted in three 
 hours and fifty-seven seconds by a horse of 
 unknown pedigree called Black Joke. 
 
 18.3.5. — Mr. Thomas Ferguson, of Kinoctry, 
 Scotland, founded a herd of Aberdeen-Angus 
 cattle. 
 
 1835. — In Warren and Butler counties, 
 Ohio, a local breed of swine known at this 
 time as the Warren County Hog and the 
 •'Big Spotted," were afterw.irds included 
 as Poland-riiinas. 
 
 1835. — James Smith, of Deanston, England, 
 promulgated his system of thorougli drain- 
 ing and deep plowing. 
 
 18.35 — Captain James Knight, of Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., bought a fine .jack in Virginia 
 named ,fohn Bull, third descendant of 
 Royal Crift. 
 
 1835. — Tjord Western of England intro- 
 duced Neapolitan swine from Italy to im- 
 prove the Essex pigs. 
 
 1835.--Baling presses known to be made 
 in the state of Maine about this time. 
 
 1835. — In England, Sir Robert Peel pre- 
 sented a farmers' club with two Iron plows, 
 Avent back afterwards to see the work done 
 with them, and found the plows with 
 wooden moldboards again at work. "Sir," 
 said a member, "we tried the iron and be 
 all of one mind that they made the weeds 
 grow." 
 
 1835. — A new variety of potato called 
 Perkins' Seedling, was originated at this 
 tiine by planting a seed ball a year or two 
 before. 
 
 1835. — In September of this year the first 
 Agricultural Fair in Missouri was held at 
 Columbia, Boone county. 
 
 1835. — The Magazine of Horticulture 
 established at Bo.'-'ton. Mass., by C. M.Hove.v. 
 
 1835. — By this time extensive greenhouses 
 had lieen erected in the vicinity of New 
 York, Boston and Philadelphia. One estab. 
 lishment at Long Island had houses aggre- 
 gating 4 00 feet in length. 
 
 1835. — ^It was announced in December of 
 this year that a Mr. Bailey, of Hartford, 
 Conn., had invented a cast iron grist mill, 
 which had been tested by grinding wheat, 
 rye and corn as well as most kinds of 
 provender, corn in the ear, oil cake, etc., 
 and its work was pronounced by experienced 
 millers lo bo equal to that produced by the 
 common millstones. One horse could grind 
 ten bushels of rye or wheat per hour suffi- 
 ciently fine for flour. The cost of a mill 
 with the machinery for a horse to work 
 it was mentioned at $250 to $300. 
 
 1836.— Danirl Webster, the statesiman, 
 invented a plow for \vork twelve and four- 
 teen inches deeip, cutting a furrow twenty- 
 four inches wide. It Is still in existence — 
 twelve feet long, the beam twenty-eight 
 inches from the ground, and the landside 
 four feet long. It was designed for a field 
 wnich was full of roots. 
 
 1836. — .Tamos .Jackson, of Alabama, sent 
 to England for the best thoroughbred there, 
 and the horse importe*! was Glencoe. Ha 
 was sire of Pocahontas, the great thorough- 
 bred matron, dlencoe died at the age of 
 26 years; owned by A. Keene Richards, of 
 Kentucky. 
 
 1836. — Tomatoes began to be cultivated 
 in this country as food; had been raised 
 principally for ornament under the name 
 of "love apples." 
 
 1836. — The Western Province Agricultural 
 Society of South .Africa offered a silver cup, 
 value fifty pounds sterling, to be awarded 
 for the best 100 pounds of Merino wool, and 
 had to be won three times in succession 
 before becoming the property of an indi- 
 .'idual cwner. Won in 1S46 by Reltz, Van 
 Breda & Joubert. original importers of 
 Merinos into that country. 
 
 1836. — The Baltimore Belle and the 
 Queen of the Prairies Roses named this 
 year by a Baltimore florist. They came 
 from the Michigan Rose. 
 
 1836. — Erastus Corning, of Albany, N. T., 
 imported Shorthorn cattle. 
 
 1836.- -Joel Nourse <fe Co., of Worcester, 
 Mass., comnienecd the manufacture of 
 agricultural implements and made import- 
 .ant imi)rovements on the cast-iron plow. 
 
 1836.— On July 4th of this year the 
 United States Patent Office was made a 
 separate bureau, and Hon. Henry L. Ells- 
 worth, of Connecticut, was Commissioner. 
 He had been a practical farmer, and he 
 considered it within the proper scope of 
 his ofl^ce to help farmers by di-stributing 
 seeds .and plants. 
 
 1836. — Captain .lames Knight, General A. 
 Wilson and General I. M. Knight, of Mar- 
 i-hall county, Texas, bought the Kerituck.v 
 .jack Maringo Mammoth. Sold at nine years 
 old to L. W. Knight for $2,160. This jack 
 won many premiums. 
 
 1836. — Templemoyle Agricultural Seminary 
 established in cotmty of Ijondonderry, Ire- 
 land. 
 
 1836. — ^Devon cattle imported by Mr 
 Vernon, of New York state. 
 
 1836, r)ctober 29th. — \t Felix Renick's 
 farm. Ross county, Ohio, imported Short- 
 horns sold at an average of $S03.25 for 
 forty-nine head. Seven bulls and seven 
 heifers each sold for upwards of $1,000 each. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 35 
 
 1836. — Bay, a pacer of unknown pedigree, 
 paced two miles under saddle in r>;04%. 
 
 18.S6. — Charles Mason Hovey, an American 
 horticulturist, called attention to tlie change 
 in color produced in the flower calceolarius 
 by the introduction of a different colored 
 species. An evidence of distinct result.s in 
 plant breedins;. 
 
 1836. — ^Mr. H. Clay, Jr.. of Fayette county. 
 Kentucky, began importinK SliorthornH. 
 
 1836. — Kew Botaiiieal (Hardens in Ji^nKland 
 founded by Sir W. Hooker. 
 
 1836, November. — The French War Dr- 
 portment, after three-years' experiment, 
 could not determine whether or not Rlanders 
 in horses was a contagious disease. 
 
 1837. — Martin ^'an Buren, President of llii- 
 United -States, and served four years. 
 
 1837. — Ross' Phoeni.x strawberry raised h 
 Alexander Ross, of Hudson, N, Y., frim 
 Keene's Seedling. 
 
 1837. October 24th. — Final sale of Oh 
 Importing Company Shortliorns. Fiftet 
 head averaged $1,071.65. 
 
 1837. — Lewis F. Allen, in his "American 
 Cattle," mentions appearance of a fine Gal- 
 loway eow in Philadelpliia. 
 
 1837. — I-egis!ation in North Carolina t 
 prevent the driving of cattle from South 
 Carolina or Georgia through that state on 
 account of the cattle disease caused by 
 them. 
 
 1837. — Amos Cruickshank, of Sittyton, 
 near Aberdeen, .Scotland, first began breed- 
 injj Shorthons, foundation of what are now 
 called Scotch or "Cruickshanks." 
 
 1837. — Henry Clay. 2:35, famous trotting 
 sire, foaled in this year; bred by Geo. M. 
 Patchen, of New Jersey. This horse was 
 afterwards sold for $1,050 (which was a 
 dollar a pound). He made his record of 
 2:35 in a flve-heat race which he won, 
 having been driven ninety-eight miles the 
 day before. 
 
 1837. — Three steel plows made by hand 
 this year by John Deere, said to be the first 
 steel plows made. 
 
 1837. — Henderson Tjewelling started a 
 nurserj- near Salem. Henry county, Iowa, 
 which was continued by his brotlier John 
 until 1S50, when he closed out the stock 
 and went to Oregon. 
 
 SEELF.Y'S AMERICAN STAR. 
 
 1837. — Seelej''s American Star, recorded 
 as American Star, 14, foaled in this year, 
 bred by Henry H. Berry, of Pompton 
 Plains, N. J. He is noted as sire of specd- 
 produelng brood mares. 
 
 1838. — First ChieaKO grain elevator estab- 
 lished this year and made the first shipment 
 of wheat. 
 
 1838. — Royal Agricultural Society of Eng- 
 land established with 4fi6 members. 
 
 1838. — ^First direct importation of Short- 
 horn cattle from England to Indiana l)y Mr. 
 Chris. Whitehead, of Franklin county. 
 
 1838. — The metnod of imbedding glass in 
 putty in construction of greenhouses known 
 to be in use in England at this time. 
 
 1838. — Shorthorn cattle first introduced 
 into France. 
 
 1838. — Glasnevin Training Farm estab- 
 lished in Ireland by Commissioners of 
 National Education. 
 
 1838. — Berksliire hogs introduced into 
 Canada. 
 
 1838. — Outcli Belted cattle first imported 
 into the I'nited States by D. H. Haight, of 
 Goshen, N. Y. 
 
 1>UTCH BEL,TKU CATTLE. — -Bred and 
 owned by G.G.Gibbs, of Marksboro, N. J. 
 
 1839. — In this year the horse Dutchman 
 obtained .a mile trotting record in 2:32. 
 
 1839.— In this year the first cargo of flav 
 seed imported in America arrived from 
 Russia. The United .States had already ex- 
 ported as high as 292,460 bushels of flax 
 seed in one year. 
 
 18.39. — In the summer of this year R. H. 
 Schomburgk. a German explorer, returned 
 from P-ritish Guiana to London with col- 
 lections of the magniflcent water lilies 
 known as the Victoria Kegla and the 
 Klizabetha Regia, and several new species 
 of orchids — one of wliich has been named 
 for him the Schomburgkia orchida. 
 
 1839. — Dutcliman, by Tippoo Saib, Jr., and 
 whose dam was by a son of Messenger, 
 trotted three miles against time under 
 saddle in 7:32'/;. 
 
 1839. — Denmark, a thoroughbred horse, 
 foaled in this year, is first foundation sire 
 of the Kentucky saddle horse. He was by 
 Imp. Hedgeford, out of Betsy Harrison. 
 
 1839. — Edward Harris. of Moorestown, 
 X. Y., earliest importer of high-class draft 
 horses, imported two draft mares and the 
 stallion "Diligence." They were Fren'jh 
 horses. 
 
 18.39. — Messrs. Bagg & Wait, of Orange, 
 county. New York, made large importation.s 
 of Berkshire swine fiom England. 
 
 1839, March 3d. — During the closing hours 
 of the Twenty-fifth Congress, Hon. Henry 
 I>. Ells\\ortli. then Commissioner of Patents, 
 secured an appropriation of $1,000 for "the 
 collection of agricultural statistics, inves- 
 tigating and promoting rural economy and 
 the procurement of cuttings and seeds for 
 gratuitous distribution amongsit farmers." 
 'I'his is the origin of the United States 
 Department of Agriculture. 
 
 1839. — N. I^eonard, of Cooper county, Mis- 
 souri, founded the Ravenswood herd of 
 .Shorthorns, first pedigreed herd west of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 1839. — Oxford Royal, the first English 
 National Show. Thomas Bates' .Shorthorns 
 won .great honors. 
 
 1839. — Fayette County (Kentucky) Im- 
 porting Company sold twenty-six Short- 
 horns at an average of $627.35 per head. 
 
 18.39.— The Boston Cultivator esitablished 
 at Boston, Mass. 
 
 1839, June. — Hereford cattle imported Into 
 this country by W. H. Sotham. 
 
 1839, October 3d. — The first mile below 
 ■i:30 w.as by Drover, who in this year paced 
 at 2:28 at Beacon Course, N. J. 
 
 1840. — -Dr. Perrine at Indian Key, Fla., 
 introduced the Mango plant from the West 
 Indies. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1840. — About this year Plymouth Rock 
 fowls were originated near Woodstock, Vt., 
 Messrs. G-iles, Clark, Thayer, Spaulding and 
 Kev. H. S. Ramsdell being' the originators. 
 Tiie Plymouth Rock was the result of a 
 cross of American Dominicjue males with 
 single comb black Java females. 
 
 1840. — ^The group of carnations now most 
 cultivated in .\merica, known as perpetual 
 fiowerintf, tree or monthly ca.rnations, orig- 
 inated in France about this year, as the 
 result of crossing and selection. 
 
 1840. — 'In this year the subsoil plow, 
 adapted to teams up to six horses, w.as 
 introduced from Scotland into the United 
 States. 
 
 1840. — First Cheviot slieep imported into 
 the United States of America. 
 
 CHAMPION CHEVIOT EWE at the 
 Indiana and Illinois State Fairs of 190ti. 
 Exhil)ited by J. Kiolin, of Brooklyn, Wis. 
 
 1840. June 10th. — ^Furs — The St. Louis Bul- 
 letin of the ruh said; "Two Mackinaw boats 
 arrived here yesterday from Iowa, loaded 
 with bulfalo robes." 
 
 1810. — The .\ngora goat first imported into 
 Cap'.' Colony, South Africa, by Colonel Hen- 
 derson, an oflicer in the British army. 
 
 1840, January. — Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
 Rochester, N. Y., purchased The Cultivator 
 apon the death of the owner. Judge Buel, 
 < onsolidutin;- it with his paper. The Genr- 
 see T'anner, under the name of The Culti- 
 \ator. 
 
 1840. — T\\entyewes and two rams selected 
 'ron' the Hanihoiiillet Merinos of France 
 were impoited into the United States b.v 
 D. C. Collins, of Hartford, Conn. 
 
 1810. — Abcut this year Mr. Ephraim Bull, 
 of Concord. Mass., discovered a wild grape- 
 ^•ine, from which he grew, developed, culti 
 v.ated and improved the grape now called 
 the "Concord." It is considered the greatest 
 advance in grape growing in this country. 
 
 1840. — .Justus von IJebig published a 
 famous work, entitled "Organic Chemistry, 
 ,n Its Relation to Agriculture." He estab- 
 lished in the popular mind the theory of 
 the plants' almost entire dependence on 
 mineral food. He founded artificial fertili- 
 zation; demonstrated the value of potash as 
 plant food; and many other valuable dis- 
 coveries are attributed to him. 
 
 1840. — Imported .jack Knight Errand 
 brought to Maury county, Tennessee; owned 
 by Mr. Thomas: afterwards sold to General 
 J. Pillow. 
 
 1840. — P. T. Barnum and W. R. Coleman 
 imti>orted Dutch Belted cattle Into the 
 United States. 
 
 1840. — Mr. Fisher Hobbs, tenant of Lord 
 Western, in England, established acceipted 
 ; ype of Essex hogs. 
 
 1840. — Colonel Wm. .Tohnson, plantation 
 ownor near Marion Junction, .'Vlabama, first 
 sowed the grass which now l)e.i-rs his name. 
 
 1840. — A. C. Clark, of Jefferson county. 
 New York, originated breed of swine called 
 Cheshires. Sires were large white York- 
 shires and bred on the best sows of his 
 section, 
 
 1840. — Mowing machine improved by Mc- 
 Cormick. 
 
 1840. — Cheese exportations from the 
 (United States began to be of imjjortance, 
 mainly from New York, Vermont and Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 1841. — First sheep introduced into New 
 Zealand from New South Wales, Australia. 
 
 1841. — In this year a few bushels of 
 clover seed were sent from Cleveland, Ohio, 
 l(p <"anada. The first record of this char- 
 acter. 
 
 1841. — William Henry Harrison inaugu- 
 rated President of the United States, March 
 4th, and died April 4th of the same year. 
 
 1811. — John Tyler elected Vice-President. 
 succeeds to the Presidency of the United 
 iStates, April 4th, and serves nearly four 
 vears. 
 
 1841. -The Murrain, or "vesicular epizoo- 
 tic," appeared in T<:ngland, suipposably intro- 
 duced by foreign cattle; affected all live 
 siock except norses. 
 
 1841. — First commercial record of disposi- 
 tion of American cotton crop, season of 
 1.S41-42. Crop, 1,684,000 bales, disposed of as 
 loUows: To Great Britain, 936,000 bales; to 
 Europe and Mexico, 480,000 bales; home 
 con.'mmpfion, 268,000 bales. 
 
 1841. — Guano fertilizer introduced into 
 Great Britain. 
 
 1841. — Grade Hereford ox exhibited by Mr. 
 "ust ar the first New York State Fair, 
 wpi<hin.g ;J,700 pounds. 
 
 !84",i.-- First important importation of 
 wool into E'ngland from Australia, about 
 thirteen million pounds during the year. 
 
 1842. — Professor Low said; "The Dorsets 
 are the most productive of inilk of any of 
 our races of sheep." 
 
 1843. — In this year the Erie Railroad first 
 became engaged in the transportation of 
 milk and established a freight rate of one- 
 half cent per quart. 
 
 184a. — Gray Clyde, 7S, Clydesdale stal- 
 lion, imported by Archibald Ward, of Mark- 
 ham, Ontario, Canada. 
 
 184'i, April 11th. — French experiments 
 tinaUy determined glanders in horses to be 
 .a contasions disease. 
 
 1842. — Early in this year Philo Gregory, 
 of Chester, N. Y., was induced to try the 
 experiment of shipping milk b.v rail to New 
 York City. The termius of the Erie Railway 
 was then at Goshen. 
 
 1842. — Professor I/ow mentions improved 
 .\yrshire cattle as owing superior character 
 to mixture of races from the continent of 
 Europe and the dairy breed of Alderney. 
 
 1842. — It was not until after this date 
 that Robert Fortune, naturalist, went to 
 China and sent back many specimens of 
 flowers, that the White Chinese Wistaria 
 and Fortune's Yellow Rose became known 
 here. 
 
 1842. — ^Agricultural Chemisti-y Association 
 (first of its kind) organized by Mid-Lothian, 
 Scotland, tenant farmers, at suggestion of 
 Mr. John Finnie, of Swanstone. 
 
 1842. — Professor f.,ow classes all the 
 Channel Islands cattle under the name of 
 one of the islands, "Alderney." 
 
 1842.- Highest price of upland middling 
 cotton for the year on the New York 
 market below 10 cents per pound for the 
 first time in history. Highest price of the 
 year. 9 cents; lowest, 7 cents. 
 
 1842. — ^Professor Low, in his book entitled 
 "Domestic [Animals of Great Britain," at- 
 tributes superior condition of Norman horses 
 to abundance of grass and food in that 
 pro\ ince. 
 
 1842. — ^Duke of Northumberland, famous 
 Bates Shorthorn hull, at three years and 
 eight months weighed 2,520 pounds, 
 
 1842. — American Agriculturist, great agri- 
 cultural paper, founded by A. B. Allen, 
 assisted by Richard L. Allen. 
 
 1843. — ^Meeting of Booth and Bates Short- 
 horn cows at York, England. The ten-year- 
 old Bates Duchess. 34th, took the premium 
 over the Booth cow Necklace. 
 
 1842. — Tobacco warehouse established at 
 ClarksviUe, Tenn. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 37 
 
 1843. — The Southern Cultivator estab- 
 lished at Augusta, Ga., by J. W. & W. S. 
 Jones. 
 
 1843. — ^Martin Doyle, writing in this year, 
 asserts that the Cleveland Bay horse is a 
 descendant of the old war horse of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 1843. — 'Philo Buckingham bought of 
 Stephen Atwood, of Connecticut, the best 
 Spanish Merino ram that Mr. Atwood 
 would spare and two ewes, and took them 
 to Muskingum county, Ohio. 
 
 1813. — In this year, according to the 
 ITnited States Department of Agriculture 
 Year Book of 1904, Reuben Ragan, of Put- 
 nam county, Indiana, purchased a part of 
 the stock of Josiah I;indley. who had con- 
 ducted a nursery at Monravia, Ind. Among 
 It was a long-bodied seedling pear tree in 
 which was a dormant bud of the Areniberg 
 pear. This was a rare and high-priced 
 variety at the time, and was given special 
 attention, .^fter being attacked by the pear 
 blight and killed down to the seedling stock, 
 it finally produced a delicious late fall pear 
 ot medium size. It was afterwards called 
 the Philopena by the originator. 
 
 1843. — In this year George Funk, a well- 
 known stockman of McLean county, Illinois, 
 drove his first cattle to Chicago, then being 
 sixteen years of age. He drove from 
 Funk's Grove. Mcl^ean county, to Chicago 
 in twelve days. In an address before the 
 ATcLean County Historical Society of Illi- 
 nois, sixty years later, speaking of the 
 cattle sold and delivered in early days', he 
 said; "We sold by the dressed weight, the 
 packer getting the hide and tallow." 
 
 1843. — According to the book entitled 
 "Industrial Chicago," the packing house of 
 Dyer. Chapin & Wadsworth was established 
 on South Branch, near North street. During 
 that winter Archibald Clybourne killed 3,000 
 i-attle, which were shipped to New York 
 early in the spring. Others followed Cly- 
 bourne's example, for beef could be bought 
 for 1 '/; to 2 cents per pound, according to 
 it he g'rade of the cattle. The packers 
 cleaned out the Western country of its live 
 stock and made hay while they could, re- 
 i:ardless of to-morrow's demands. This is 
 .■ibout the first item which mentions the 
 prices paid for cattle at Chicago. The beef 
 packing relates to salt beef. 
 
 1843. — ^In this year, at Chicago, corn sold 
 for IS cents per bushel, and wheat at 3S 
 cents. Lowest prices on record. 
 
 1843. — ^The new Diana grape, a seedling of 
 the Catawba, first exhibited before the 
 Massachusetts Horticultural Society of 
 BoiSton by Mrs. Diana Crehore, of Milton, 
 Mass. It v/as named for her. 
 
 1813. — First Agricultural E.xperiment Sta- 
 tion established on his own estate, about 
 forty miles north of London, England, by 
 Mr. .lohn Lawes. 
 
 1843. — .\ pear tree planted by Mr. Ockle- 
 tree in 1S0.5 in Illinois, about ten miles 
 north of Vincennes, produced 1S4 bushels of 
 pears. The girth of the tree one foot from 
 the .ground was twelve feet, and nine feet 
 from the ground it was 6 V2 feet. 
 
 1843. — Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle first in- 
 troduced into the United States in the 
 vicinity of New York City. 
 
 1844. — "Old Jack," a famous Aberdeen- 
 Angus bull, bred and raised by Hugh Wat- 
 son, of Keillor, Scotland, sold for a hundred 
 guineas ($508 in American money) — a big 
 price at that time. 
 
 1844. — In January of this year the Price 
 Current, famous statistical paper in regard 
 to packing-house interests and products, 
 was started by A. Peabody. 
 
 1844. — It was reported to the editor of 
 the American Agriculturist by Mr. Wm. H. 
 Sotham. of Black Rock, N. Y., that in 1S4'4 
 a Hereford cow weighed on the scales at 
 Albany 2,31S pounds alive. Mr. Bennett, of 
 Brighton, Mass., sold this cow to a Boston 
 Ijutcher for .?150. She was exhibited in 
 Boston for a month at a shilling a head. 
 Her beef was of the finest quality, and the 
 owner exhibited the quarters rooind the city 
 on a warm, sunny day, and spoiiled the 
 whole of it. 
 
 1844. — Towards the close of this year 
 AVadsworth, Chapin & Dyer, Chicago pork 
 
 produced an im- 
 Brinckle's Orange, 
 
 known as Dyark's 
 
 packers, packed a tierce of beef for the 
 lOpglish market, the tierce being made by 
 l^ug>» Maher. During the winter of 1845-4(5 
 thev killed no less than 2,000 cattle brought 
 in ' from Central Illinois and Northern 
 Indiana. The price on foot was then about 
 $:!..tO per 100 pounds. This is the beginning 
 iif salt-t'eef packing for export, the business 
 upon which stockmen had to rely to dispose 
 of their surplus before the better methods 
 of canning and refrigerating of bee* were 
 inaugurated. 
 
 18.14. — Boussingault, an eminent French 
 .hemist. published a work, entitled "Rural 
 iCconomy." one of the first great books 
 upon agricultural chemistrj-. 
 
 1844. — Tenants on New York "patroon" 
 estates refused longer to comply with old 
 leudal customs of paying a few bushels of 
 wheat or a day or two service per year, 
 in order to hold land under them. Tliis 
 \pd to the alloidal system, which enabled 
 them to pav cash rents or obtain clear titles 
 without acknowledgment of subservience to 
 estate owners. 
 
 1844.— Royal Agricultural Society of Ire- 
 land organized. 
 
 1844 — ^At Southampton, in this year, the 
 \gricultural Society of England offered 
 prizes for Channel Island and Crumpled 
 ilorn cattle. 
 
 1844. -William W. Plant began the sale of 
 farm tools and seeds in St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1844 -_The Louisville (Ky.) Journal men- 
 lions a large pork-packing establishment 
 established In this year on Pearl street, of 
 that city. . ^,. , 
 
 1844 -rirst cotton mill erected in Missis- 
 erected at Cave Hill, Washington county. 
 
 1844^First cotton mill in Arkansas 
 erected at Cave IHll, Washington county. 
 
 1844. Dr. Brinckle, of Philadelphia, 
 
 grower of raspberries, 
 portant variety called 
 from an English sort 
 Seedling. 
 
 1844- — Witnesses examined by a com- 
 mittee of the English House «f po"imons 
 poreed that in many parts of that country 
 at that time lands were rented fo-" separate 
 use of individual possessors from seed time 
 to harvest, after which they ^^ere open and 
 common to all for pasturage. They \ ere 
 .Tpsignated "lammas lands." or "open, com- 
 monlme, intermixed fields." Thus it appears 
 that T^ngland had free range as late as 1844. 
 
 1845.— Newtown Pippins from the orchard 
 of Robert L. Pell, of Ulster county. New 
 York, sold in London, England, at $-1 Per 
 
 ^^[845 _james K Polk, President of the 
 United States, and served four years. 
 
 1845.— In this year a Cincinnati journalist 
 Dubli^hed the following: "Our pork business 
 Ts the largest in the world, not even except- 
 
 ng Cork or Belfast. In Ireland whach 
 
 ■ountrv puts up and exports immense 
 amounts in that line: and the stranger who 
 visits Cincinnati during the season of cut- 
 
 ing and packing hogs should on no account 
 neglect to visit one or more pork-packing 
 establishments." 
 
 1845 — Hnughton's Seedling, an Improved 
 Kooseberrv, produced about this time from 
 fhew" Id gooseberry near Lynn. Ma-ss. 
 
 1845.— Sovereign, 181, Clydesdale stallion. 
 imported by R. Johnson, of Scarboro, On- 
 tario, Canada. 
 
 1845— An agricultural school at Cream 
 Hill Conn, established in May of this year 
 1 V br S W. Gold and his son. T. S. Gold, 
 continued in smccessful operation twenty- 
 four years. 
 
 1845.— Dr. James Bl Davis, of Columbia, 
 ? C, went to Turkey to experiment for the 
 -Sultan in cotton raising. 
 
 1845.— Hereford cattle Introduced Into the 
 island of Jamaica, West Indies, by Mr. 
 Malcolm. 
 
 1845 ^Mr Norbert Rillieux. of Louisiana, 
 
 conceived" the idea that the hot vapor aris- 
 ing from a vessel of boaling sugar cane juice 
 could be used to evaporate the water con- 
 tained in a second vessel of cane juice, 
 foundation of the present system of evap- 
 oration in making sugar. 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1845. — French Bros, established a busi- 
 ness in Cincinnati for the purpose of sup- 
 plying fresh milk to consumers, which 
 developed successf'iUy, leading to the build- 
 ing of a creamery at ]L.ebanon, Ohio, in 
 1S98. 
 
 1845, October 13th.— I>ady Suffolk, first 
 2:30 trotter, appeared, making the mile over 
 the Hohoken, N. J., track in 2:291/2. She 
 was a grav mare, sired by Engineer, dam 
 by Don Quixote, and was driven by David 
 Bryan. 
 
 1845. — Potato blight first appeared in 
 England and Ireland. 
 
 1840. -The Bleeding-heart Rose first intro- 
 duced into the gardens of English-speaking 
 people, the T^ondon Horticultural Society 
 having received from China a single plant. 
 
 A moc'ern exhibit of yellow corn at the 
 Illinois State Fair. 
 
 1846. — Keid's Yellow Dent Com, a light 
 yellow variety, originated this year with 
 J. L. Reid, of Delavan, 111. 
 
 1846. — ^The summer of this year was un- 
 precedently hot throughout England, and all 
 the horticultural journals united in pro- 
 nouncing the bloom of roses that season 
 unsunpassed by the bloom of any previous 
 year. 
 
 1846. — ^First American Shorthorn HerJ 
 Book issued by Lewis F. Allen, of Black 
 Rock, N. Y. 
 
 1846.-- English corn (wheat) laws abol- 
 ished. 
 
 1846,— The Horticulturist, an influential 
 farm paper, estaljlished by Mr. Luther 
 Tuckeifi edited by Mr. Andrew Jackson 
 Downing, and discontinued at his death. 
 
 1846. — In the early part of this year a Mr. 
 H. R. Smitli reached Chicago from New 
 Jersey. He went down into the state of 
 Illinois and bought 225 head of good, fat, 
 old-fashioned cattle at $16. .50 per hea^l. 
 He drove them to New York and they were 
 the first cattle driven from Illinois to that 
 city of which there is record. In 100-days' 
 driving over public roads and wsiwimmJng 
 streams the cattle reached their destination, 
 the expenses being $5.50 per head, making a 
 total cost of $22.00. The cattle brought 
 $40.00 per head in New York, netting the 
 ent&rprising drover more clear profit than 
 the cattle raiser obtained altogether for 
 breeding and raising- these good three and 
 four-year-old steer.'?. No truer example can 
 be shown of old-time conditions. 
 
 1846. — Experiments begun in New York 
 towards preseiving (canning) milk. 
 
 1846. — ^Mr. J. Boydell, of England, con- 
 structed an engine that laid its own track 
 aa it traveled over the ground. 
 
 1846. — The Genesee Farmer for March 
 of this year speaks of the unexpected suc- 
 cess of the Cortland County Agricultural 
 
 School, Mr. Woolworth, the lecturer, ad- 
 dressing twenty-five to thirty farmers once 
 a week. 
 
 1846. — Hereford Herd Book commenced by 
 Mr. T. C. Eyton, of Eyton Hall, Salop, Eng- 
 land, in 1S46. The first two volumes con- 
 tained 001 bulls, but no cows. 
 
 1847, — First sjstematic irrigation in the 
 arid West by the Morinons on the land 
 v/here Halt Lal^e City now stands. 
 
 1847. — In three years (ending 184 7) 
 average wheat crop of Island of Guernsey 
 was seventy-six bushels per acre. 
 
 1847. — A Mr. Martin erected a cotton-seed 
 oil mill at New Orleans. 
 
 1847. — Extract from the book entitled 
 "The Farmers' Companion," by Hon. Jesso 
 Buel, of Danbury, Conn.: "The new system 
 of husbandry is based upon the belief that 
 our lands will not wear out, or become ex- 
 li uisted of their fertility, if they are judi- 
 c loi'sly managed; but, on the contrary, that 
 I he> inay be made progressively to increase 
 in i>roduct, in re>vards to the husbandmnn 
 ind in benefits to society, at least for some 
 trine to come. It regards the soil as a gift 
 ol the beneficent Creator, in which we hold 
 imt a life estate, and which, like^ our free 
 institutions, we are bound to transmit un- 
 impaired to postenity." 
 
 1847.--T\YO patents issued by the United 
 SI ites on artificial method of hatching 
 « liij'kens. 
 
 1817. — Millet recommended as a soiling 
 nop in Patent Office Report. 
 
 1847. — James K. Polk, a pacer, whose 
 IH iligree has been lost sight of, covered a 
 liist.Liice oC three ynUes in harness in 7:44. 
 
 1848. — Todd Bros. & Haskins, near Wake- 
 man, Ohio, bought a boar of what waa 
 < ailed the Large Grass Creed from Joel 
 Mead, of Norwalk. Ohio, for the improve- 
 ment of the Chester White hogs. 
 
 1818, March rilst. — Mr. William Saunders, 
 I ,Sc()tch gardener, arrived at New Haven, 
 <'onn., to serve as gardener for Mr. Bost- 
 \ '( k. He was a great writer on agricult- 
 ui.il subiects. He introduced fixed roofs for 
 ^lecnhouses in this country, and for thirty- 
 eight years was in the service of the gov- 
 ernment, doing the most imyportant work as 
 a landscape artist. He is largely respon- 
 sible for the beautification of the National 
 Capital. He died in 1900. 
 
 1848. — ^David Rankin, famous successful 
 farmer and feeder, fed his first cattle in this 
 year in Henderson county, Illinois. He 
 afterwards moved to Tarkio, Mo., becoming 
 the largest corn grower and stock feeder in 
 the United States. Ordinary feeding by the 
 year 1900 amounted to 12,000 cattle and 
 20,000 hogs a year. 
 
 1848. — Manual of the Botany of the 
 I'nited States issued by Asa Gray. 
 
 1848. — In this year Mr. John T. Alexander, 
 a Virginian by birth, but raised in Ohio, 
 bought land in Morgan county, Illinois, at 
 .•5:'.. 00 per acre. Mr. Alexander was a great 
 pioneer cattle feeder and dealer, he with 
 Christian Hays being a large buyer and 
 drover of Texas cattle. He used to ship to 
 (he East by drixing to Toledo, Ohio, thence 
 lo Dunkirk bv lake steamer, then by cars 
 to New York, a part being afterwards sent 
 to Boston. 
 
 1848.— Bull's Head Stock Yards, Madison 
 street and Ogden avenue, Chicago, estab- 
 lished by John B. Sherman. 
 
 1818. Docomber. — First live stock shipped 
 lo Chicago by rail. Millican Hunt, hauling 
 a sled-load of hogs to market, found no 
 snow beyond the Des Plaines river on 
 •which to diav/ his pigs, but found the con- 
 struction train of the Chicago and North- 
 western Railroad, then called the Galena 
 Road. His porkers rode ten miles to 
 Chicago behind the "Pioneer," the famous 
 little engine which also hauled the first 
 load of wheat to Chicago in the same year. 
 
 \Hifi, — .About this time a few Guernsey 
 cattle were owned in the vicinity of Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 
 1849. — In this year Moyamensing Pine, 
 a strav-berry produced from Hovey's Seed- 
 ling, was awarded the prize offered by the 
 Philadelphia Horticultural Society for the 
 best new berry. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 39 
 
 1849.^At this time the scythe and cast- 
 steel fork manufactory of D. G. Millarrl, 
 near Clavviile, N. Y., was manufacturinK 
 ]",000 dozen of scythes and forks annually 
 by water power. 
 
 1849. — Crown Prince calved. He was one 
 of the greatest stock bulls of the celebrated 
 Booth Shorthorns. 
 
 1840 — Kysdick's Hambletonian foaled in 
 this year in Orange county, New York; 
 <lled in 1S76. 
 
 RYSDICK'S HAMBLETONIAN. — Pire of 
 trotters. Picture taken in his old age. 
 Prom copyright photograph, by permission 
 of Schreiber & Sons, of Philadelphia. 
 
 1849. — In this year the factory of R. B. 
 Dunn, in North Wayne, in Maine, turned 
 out 12,000 dozen scythes. 
 
 1849. — ^The Valley Farmer, afterwards 
 Tohimn's Rural World, of St. Louis, Mo., 
 established as a montlily by Norman ,T. 
 ("otnian, assisted by Wm. Muir and C. W . 
 Murtfelt, Associate Editors. 
 
 1849. — Zachary Taylor, President of the 
 United States, and served one year until 
 his death. 
 
 1849. — lieapiiii; iiiaeiiine first made in the 
 Champion factory at Springfield. Ohio. 
 
 1849. — ^James Vick began to grow flower 
 seeds in New York state. 
 
 1849. .luly 2d. — Pelham trots a mile in 
 2:28 at I "enterville, N. Y., making a world's 
 I ecord. 
 
 1849. — ^Mormons of Utah practice irriga- 
 tion in agriculture, the first by Anglo-Saxons 
 in the United States. 
 
 1849. — Dr. James B. Davis, of Columbia, 
 R. C, imported nine Angora goats, a present 
 from the .Sultan of Turkey. Tliey were two 
 huck.s and seven does. 
 
 18.50. — Moore's Rural New Yorker estab- 
 lished at Rochester. N. Y., bv D. T. Moore, 
 Kiditor. Hon. Henry S. Randall, UL. D., was 
 Editor of the Slieep Department, and Dr. 
 Daniel Lee Soutliern, Corresponding Editor. 
 
 18.50. — In this year a Sliorthorn cow 
 named Grace was killed in New York state. 
 Her live weiglit ^^■as 1,705 pounds. .She was 
 found to be with calf. Her calf and ap- 
 pendages weighed fiO pounds. Her dressed 
 carcass weighed 1.210 pounds, her hide 101 
 pounds, and tallow 153 pounds. Total 
 weight, 1,41)4 pounds; shrinkage. 271 pounds. 
 This is a yield of S4 pounds 6 ounces of 
 dead weiglit to e\ery 100 pounds of li.'e 
 weight, making her shrinkage less than Iti 
 per cent. Tier tongue, liver, heart and 
 tripe, if weighed, would have reduced her 
 shrinlcage to 14 per cent. Grace was fed by 
 Colonel Sherwood, of Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 1850. — Dr. Hand, of Baltimore county, 
 Marvland, began his work which finally 
 produced the "Trophy," the \ ariety which 
 made the tomato a profitable garden vei^e- 
 table. 
 
 18.50. — John .lohnston. a Scotch farmer 
 near Geneva, N. Y.. introduced and advo- 
 cated a system of farm drainage by tilina;. 
 
 18.50. — The Wild Goose plum was fir.st 
 brou.iiht to notice by James Harvey, of 
 Columbia, Tenn. Some time before 1S50 a 
 man shot .a wild goo.se near Columbia, and 
 on the spot where the carcass was thrown 
 the Ilium came up the following spring. It 
 is our most popular plum, and was intro- 
 duced by D. S. Downer, of Fa-irvlew, Ky., 
 in the year mentioned. 
 
 1850. — Dr. John Gorrio, of Florida, the 
 original inventor of the artificial production 
 of ice, patented his ice-making maciiine. 
 
 1850. — The Ingram apple, famous for pro- 
 ductiveness and long keeping qualities, 
 originated from v)lanting seeds of "Ralls" 
 by Mr. Martin Ingram, six miles east of 
 Springfield, Mo. 
 
 1850. — i^he Dorchester, the first na-med 
 lame blackberry, introducea by Mr. Lovett, 
 of Massachusetts. 
 
 18.50. — ^Cattle bred in Texas being driven 
 through .\rkansas, Missouri and Kansas, 
 for distribution and sale to feeders, caused 
 a mysterious and fatal disease amongst the 
 native cattle. First mention of fever caused 
 j).v Texas cattle. 
 
 1850. — About this time a Mr. Goodrich 
 introduced new wild strains of potatoes 
 from South America, and, growing them for 
 fifteen years, produced the Garnet. 
 
 1850. — ^Previous to this year practically 
 .ill the cheese made in this country was a 
 r.irm and not a factory produ-ct. 
 
 18.50.— The Delaware — the fourth great 
 Vmetican grape — ^found in a New Jersey 
 garden. It enjoys the distinction of bein? 
 the only one of the four which gives strong 
 evidence of "foreign blood." being consid- 
 ered a cross between the fox-grape and a 
 European vine. 
 
 18.50, Mav I'ith. — Dispersion sale of Short- 
 horn cattle bred by Thomas Bates, de- 
 ceased, at Kirklevington. Sixty-eight head 
 avera.ged $?24.2S. 
 
 1850, Julv IGth. — ^Millard Fillmore, elected 
 Vice-President, succeeds to the Presidency 
 of the United States, and serves nearly 
 three years. 
 
 1850. — Aquilla Young & Everette, of 
 Mount Sterling, Ky., owned Imp. Mammoth, 
 the largest ,iack imported up to that time. 
 
 1850. — Abel Houghton, of Massachusetts, 
 inoduced the Houghton gooseberry ft-om 
 seed of the wild berry. 
 
 18.50. — The amount of butter made this 
 year on the farms of the United States was 
 ;tl3,:'-45,::!06 pounds. 
 
 1850. — Ethan Allen, 2:25V2. famous trot- 
 ting sire, foaled in this year. 
 
 ETHAN ALLEN, 2:25i/2. — The first stal- 
 lion to beat 2:30. From a copyright photo- 
 graph by (permission of Schreiber &: Sons, 
 of Philadelphia. This is one of the earliest 
 high-class untouched animal photographs in 
 existence. Although it is forty-six years 
 old, Messrs. Schreiber & Sons are still the 
 leading photographers of domestic animals. 
 
 1850. — Importation of Spanish red hogs by 
 
 Hon. James B. Clay, of Kentucky. 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1850. — First steam engine for purpose of 
 tillage placed on the market by John Fow- 
 ler a;. Son. of Cornhill, London. 
 
 1850. — Wm. Chamberlin, of Duchess 
 county, New York, imported liSO head of 
 Silesian Mevino sheep. 
 
 OXFORD DOWN RAM — A champion at the 
 Iowa State Fair. 
 
 1850. — Oxford Down sheep coming inro 
 notice, ]jrincipally in Oxfordshire, Engand. 
 1850. — First recorded Galloway rattle im- 
 ported into Canada by Graham Ba-os., of 
 Vaughn, Ontario. 
 
 1850. — United States Census reported 
 1,449,073 farms in. the United States. 
 
 1850. — The peppermint plant industry 
 sssumed its greatest proportions in Eng- 
 land, declining sjnce that year. 
 
 1850. — Only three states reported over 
 20,000,000 acres of farm land. Virginia, 
 26,152,311 acres; Georgia, 22,821,279 acres: 
 and North Carolina, 20,9960,983 acres. 
 
 1850. — Center of number of farms in the 
 United States, ten miles south of west of 
 I'arkersburg, W. Va., in Athens county, Ohio. 
 18.50. — Center of I'nited States population, 
 twenty-three miles southeast o£ Parkers- 
 burg, W. Va. 
 
 1850, December 29th. — Commissioner J. li. 
 Bartlett, appointed to run the boundary line 
 between the United States and Mexico, 
 \ isiteil the iiarienda of Senor Uon Manuel 
 Clandera in the province or .Sonora. Tliis 
 ranch had 'i 6,000 sheep, 700 mules, 108 stml 
 horses, 1,620 breeding mares and 0,(ii i 
 calves. The farm produced 26,000 bushels 
 of grrain a year. 
 
 1851. — First public Agrricultural Experi- 
 ment Station established at AIoC;<?ern, G^ - 
 many, under the auspices of the University 
 of Leipzig. 
 
 1851. — Mr. Lorillard Spencer, of Ne\ 
 York, imported the Bates Duche-'-s Short- 
 horn bull Duke of Athol, first bull of thi-; 
 family to arrive in the United .States. 
 
 18.>1, January. — Here are a few item.>i 
 from an old New York market report in the 
 American Agriculturist: White beans, 75c. 
 to $1.50 per bu.ohel; table butter, 15 to 25c. 
 per pound; shipping butter, 9 to 15c..; 
 cheese, 5 to to 10c. per pound; cotton 12 to 
 16c. per pound; wheat. Western, $1.00 to 
 $1.25 per bushel; red and mixed wheat, 90c. 
 to $1.10 per bushel; rye, 75 to SOc. ; corn, 
 Northern, 69 to 74c.; corn. Southern, 68 to 
 72c.; barley, 88 to 93c.; oats, 48 to 53c.. 
 hay in bales, per 100 pounds, 70 to |75c , 
 meiss beef per barrel, $7.00 to $10.00; beef. 
 prime, per barrel, $3.75 to $5.25; smoked 
 beef, 6 to 12c. per pound; rounds in pickle, 
 4 to 6c. per pound. 
 
 1851. — Charles FuUington. of Union county. 
 Ohio, imported the famous French draft 
 stallion, Louis Napoleon, a short-legged, 
 closely-ribbed, blocky and compact gray, 
 three years old. He was afterwards sold to 
 A. P. C'ushman, of DeWitt county, Illinois. 
 
 1851. — In this year Jacob Fussell, a milk 
 dealer delivering on four routes at Balti- 
 more, Md., engaged In the wholesale ice 
 cream business. In those days the little ice 
 cream which was sold was by confectioners. 
 They bought cream of him in an irregular 
 
 way, and, as sweet cream was hard to keep 
 on hand, he began using up his surplus by 
 luanufact urine: ice cream. He also did busi- 
 ness in Washington. D. C, and in 1803 
 established the first wholesale ice cream 
 establishment in New York City. Mr. Fussell 
 was in active business) for forty-flve years, 
 when his sons succeeded him. 
 
 1851. — A European grape successfully cul- 
 tivated around Missions, in California, now 
 known as the "Mission Grape." 
 
 1851. — In tlie .\merican Agriculturist of 
 F'ebruary, 1S51, an article appears entitled 
 "I..ar};e Cattle in Kentucky," by James G. 
 Kinnaird, of Solit'ide, Fayette county. The 
 fat cattle belonged to Mr. C. W. Innes, of 
 l''ayette, and won prizes for beef cattle. On 
 exhibit, these .steers weighed 2,710 and 
 2.740 pounds at live years old. The same 
 exhibitor had thirty-nine head, averaging in 
 weight from 2,000 to 2,435 pounds. Mr. 
 limes also had a Shorthorn bull which 
 weighed 1,753 pounds. This was at the 
 first Kentucky Fair, held at Lexington, 
 October 1S50. 
 
 1851. — At Mount Fordham, New York 
 state, in the year 1851, and the 24th of 
 .June, a public sale was held by Mr. Morris, 
 a Shorthorn cattle breeder. Colonel James 
 M. Miller was the auctioneer, "who con- 
 ducted the sale with his usua,l ability and 
 dispatch." The sale included bulls at $50 
 to $175, and females at $30 to $175. The 
 iop-i)rice bull was Logan, twenty-three 
 months old, sold to Oliver Slate. iJr., of 
 Throgs Neck, N. Y. The top-price female 
 was the four-year-old Red Lady, sold to 
 General Cadwallader, of Philadelphia. The 
 sale was reported origina,lly by the Ameri- 
 can A.griculturist. 
 
 1851. — A Mr. Wolfskin planted eighty 
 acres of apricots and peaches and 9.000 
 grapes in the town of Winters, in Yolo 
 C'ounty, California, in 1851. In 1885 the 
 first apricots from these trees were sold. 
 First commercial orchard of record on the 
 Pacific Coast. 
 
 1851. — ^Reaping machines (McCormick's 
 and Hussey's) first introduced in Etigland 
 from the United States. 
 
 1851. — Fire in Edinburgh, Scotland, de- 
 stroyed all pedigrees and papers relating 
 to Galloway cattle. 
 
 MR. W. H. SOTH.^M, early importer of 
 Hereford cattle into the United States and a 
 great advocate of the breed. 
 
 1851. — ^Exhibition of the Industry of All 
 Nations at London; great help to agri- 
 culture. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 41 
 
 1851. — In this year racing' was inaugu- 
 rated in California. A sniiall schooner 
 arrived at San Francisco from Sydney, 
 Asutralia, called the Sea Witch. Among 
 her pas.sengers wa.s an Englishman named 
 J. Cooper Turner, who had with him two 
 hay htallions, a hlack mare and a gray 
 Kelding. The mare was called Black Swan, 
 and she afterwards won a grreat ra<'«' of six 
 miles, ridden by .\lexander Marshall, for a 
 wager of ten thousand head of Spanish 
 cattle (then worth about $4.00 per head) 
 between Don Pio Pico and Don .lose 
 8epulved.a, the former of whtm owned 
 >>arco, who started favorite in the race. 
 Black Swan led by seventy yards to the 
 three mile stake, where David K. Tidwell 
 held a bucket of water and sponged her 
 mouth out. She was at least two hundred 
 yard.s behind Sarco when her rider got her 
 going again, but she won l>y over thirty 
 lengths. The stallions of the importation 
 WBre named Chloroform and Muley. 
 
 18.51. — ^Captain J. T. Davy began the pub- 
 lication of a Devon Herd Booli, recordiing 
 American jiedigrees ten years farther than 
 the oldest published for English herds. 
 
 18,51. — First cheese factory in the United 
 .States established in Oneida county, New 
 York. 
 
 1851. — .\t the first International Exposi- 
 tion held at Hyde Park, London, in this 
 year, four prize medals were awarded to 
 American sheep. 
 
 1851. — Messrs. Calloway & Purkis, of 
 England, with a view to improvement in 
 steam culture, constructed a neat locomo- 
 tive with two main traction wheels of 
 eighteen inches tread with a truck forward 
 lor a steering apparatus. 
 
 1851. — American plows demonstrated their 
 superiorily over English plows at Hounslow, 
 England, during the first International Ex- 
 posiition. 
 
 18.52. — Mr. .Tohn Delafield, of Oaklands, 
 near Geneva. N. Y., imported the first tile- 
 making: machine for farm drainage. 
 
 1852. — Jn January of this year the Ohio 
 I'iirmer was established at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 by Tliomas Brown. 
 
 1852. — ^First crop of "lemon yellow" to- 
 I)acco produced on Sandy Ridge, in Caswell 
 county. North Carolnia. 
 
 1852. — General trial of mowers and 
 reapers at Geneva, N. Y. 
 
 18,52. — I.,arge importation of Andalnsian 
 .i;>cUs by Leonard Bros., of Mount 
 Leonard, Mo. 
 
 1852. — Reaping: machine of home produc- 
 tion invented by Re\ . Patrick Bell, of 
 Forf.Trr.:hhe. awarded premium by Highland 
 Society. Had been in use fourteen years. 
 
 1852.— In the eajrly summer of this year 
 Tom C. Ponting, of Moweaqua, 111., went to 
 Texas on horseback and boug:ht 800 steers 
 there M'hich he drove hoine and fed. the 
 drive occupying one year. He afterwards 
 shipped them from Muncle, Ind., to New 
 York. 
 
 1852. — ^At this period, at the site of the 
 present city of Kl Paso. Texas, there were 
 ranches of Mr. (^oon and Mr. Hugh Steven- 
 son, and a small group of buildings called 
 Magofhnsville, owned by .lames W. McGrOf- 
 tin, a pioneer ranchman. 
 
 1853, .April 15th. — Through the action and 
 energy of Mr. John Delafield. of Geneva, 
 N. v., an art was passed by the New York 
 T^egislature, establishing a State Ag:ricultural 
 C'olleg:e, which was opened seven years later 
 ;.nd then closed down again. 
 
 1852, December 30th. — A herd of wild 
 Tiiustanps stampeded the wagon train of 
 United States Boundary Commissioner Bart- 
 lett in the vicinity of Loma Blanca, on the 
 route to Corpus Christi, Texas. A few- 
 hours after leavine: camp the prairie near 
 the hori-ion seemed to be moving with long 
 undulations like the waves of the ocean. 
 The whole prairie was alive with mustangs. 
 The mules in the train became restive and 
 the teamsters hastened to pack the wagons, 
 >iut one of the mule teams started the 
 stamoede by springing from the train and 
 dashed off at full speed towards the wild 
 horses. The avalanche of wild horses swept 
 on like a tornado. 
 
 1852. — ^The prairie dog was mentioned In 
 John Russell Bartlett's Explorations and 
 Inicdents in Texas: "One of the most inter- 
 esting animals met with on the prairies and 
 high table-lands is the praire dog, which is 
 in fact no other than a marmot, having no 
 character in common with dogs. The first 
 community was in Texas, near Brady's 
 Creek, a branch of the Colorado of the East. 
 This was the largest we ever .saw, nor have 
 we heard of one as extensive. The extent 
 was ten miles in one direction and fifty in 
 another. Estimate was made of 30,000 
 habitations to the square mile, or 1.5,000,- 
 000 in all — a population of 30,000,000 prairie 
 dogs ".vhen figured at one pair to each habi- 
 tation or hillock. 
 
 1852, September 9th. — At Union Course. 
 Long Island, an early pacer named Pet 
 established a mile record of 2:18'/^. 
 
 1852. — First trotting: sulk.v without sprinRS 
 built for Flora Temi)le. The weight was 
 about ninety pounds. 
 
 1853. — ^Prince, a horse of unknown breed- 
 ing, trotted ten miles in 2S:08y2 minutes. 
 
 1853. — In the winter of this year a Mr. 
 Renick bought l.liOO cattle in Northern 
 Texas and sold them in Illinois. This trade 
 continued until it was exploded by the 
 Texas cattle fever. 
 
 1853. — -Belmont, a thoroughbred stallion 
 bred by Garrett Williamson, of Springdale, 
 near Cincinnati, .and three mares were im- 
 ported into California and left a lasting 
 mark on the thoroughbred horse of Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 1853. — Franklin Pierce elected President 
 of the I'nitcd States, and served four years. 
 
 1853. — Through the Scupperning: grape, a 
 
 direct offspring of the Muscadine, dis- 
 covered on Roanoke Islands, Sidney Waller, 
 of Brinkleyville, N. C began extollinig it 
 in 1S53 to the Commissioner of Patents as 
 "the grape of grapes for the South." 
 
 1853. — ^The record for trotting one hundred 
 miles was broken by Conqueror, a bay 
 gelding by La Tourette's Bellefounder, dani 
 Lady McLain by imported Bellefounder. 
 The tiiTie was eight hours, fifty-five minutes 
 and five seconds. 
 
 1853, .lune tSth. — Highland Maid, a con- 
 \erted pacer, by Soltram, dam Roxana, 
 reduced the mile trotting record to 2:27. 
 She was piloted bv F. J. Nodine, of Center- 
 ville. N. Y. 
 
 1853, July. — R. .\. .Alexander established a 
 Shorthorn breeding cattle herd at Wood- 
 burn, Ky.. by generous importations of the 
 best of the breed. 
 
 1853, July 14. — Tacony trots in 2:27 on 
 ITnion Course, L. I. 
 
 1853. — ^In this year a writer in the New 
 York Herald said that four-fifths of the 
 horses hauling the cars on the Sixth Avenu's 
 Railroad, New York, were from Vermont 
 and New Hampshire, and nearly all of the 
 celebrated Morgan breed. 
 
 1853, September 27th. — Shorthorn cattle 
 sale at London, Ohio, by Madison County 
 Importing Company. Average for twenty- 
 four cattle, $1,000 per head, including eight 
 which sold for $1,000 to $3,000 each. 
 
 1853. — Kentucky sale of Shorthorns at the 
 farm of B. .1. Clay, in Bourbon county. 
 Twenty-five head sold for an average of 
 .'51.941.40 each. Ten bulls sold from $1,000 
 to $6,000 each. 
 
 185.J. — Mr. Davis, of South Carolina, pur- 
 chased two head of Brahmin cattle from 
 the English Earl of Derby, and brought 
 them to the United States. 
 
 1853. — Captain Richard King established 
 himself as a ranchman in Southern Texas 
 and purchased 7.5,000 acres of land there 
 by starting the Santa Gertrudes Ranch, In 
 Nueces county. 
 
 1853. — ^At Royal Show Yard, Gloucester- 
 shire. England Shropshire sheep were rec- 
 ognized as superior. Considered the turning 
 point of the breed. 
 
 1853. — In this year special classes for 
 Welsh cattle were first Instituted at the 
 English Royal Show. 
 
 1854. — The Tappahannock found in Vir- 
 ginia, the first variety of American wheat. 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1854, June. — ^Cogs in driving wheels of 
 mowers and reapers invented by James 
 Buckingham, of Muskingum county, Ohio. 
 
 1854. — The Lajvton, or New Kochelle.black- 
 berry was found on the roadside by Lawton 
 at New Rocheile, N. Y., and was valuable 
 and popular for many years. 
 
 1854, January 6th. — The Country Gentle- 
 man established by Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
 Albany, N. Y., under the editorship of 
 1/iither Tucker and John Jacob Thomas-. 
 
 1854. — The first authentic hybrid grapevine 
 was exhibited by John Fisk Allen — ^a hybrid 
 betv.een the Golden Chasselas and the 
 Isabella. 
 
 1854.--First importation of Scotch-bred 
 Shorthorns by the Shakers of Union City, 
 Warren county, Ohio. 
 
 1854. — ^Michisan Southern Railway opened 
 stock yards at corner of State and Twenty- 
 second" streets, Chicago, III. 
 
 1854.— -First importation of Shorthorn 
 cattle into Wisconsin by Mr. John P. Roe, 
 of Waukesha county. 
 
 1854. — Royal Agricultural Society of 
 KIngland awarded silver medal to Mr. John 
 Fowler for steam draining apparatus, called 
 Fowler's Draining Plow. 
 
 1854. — Dillon Bros., of Normal. 111., pur- 
 chased one of the liorses of the French im- 
 portation of 1851 and won many prizes 
 under the name of "Norman." 
 
 1855. — Mr. "VA'm. Smith, of Woolston, Bed- 
 fordshire, England, used steam power in 
 plowing; also a subsoilcr of his own inven- 
 tion. 
 
 1855. — Hampshire Down sheep introduced 
 into the United States, mainly in the South: 
 scattered and practically exterminated 
 during the war. 
 
 THOROUGHBRED HORSE — LEXINGTON. 
 From copyright photograph by Schreiber, 
 dated 1S72. He was the greatest race horse 
 of his day and famous sire. He was then 
 twenty-two years old, and died three years 
 later. 
 
 18.55, April I'd. — A great race between the 
 thoroughbreds, four miles. Lexington re- 
 duces Lcompte's time of 7:26, establishing 
 a record for the time of 7:19%, which was 
 unbeaten for many years. 
 
 1855. — A conibined clover huller exhibited 
 at the New York State Fair at Buffalo. 
 
 18.35. — A few Shropshire sheep imported 
 from England into the state of Virginia. 
 
 1855. — Lewis F. Allen, of Black Rock, 
 X. Y., issued second volume of the Short- 
 horn Herd Book. 
 
 1855. — Obed Hussey, of Baltimore, in- 
 vented and put into operation a steam plow. 
 
 1855. — According to A. C. Landry, "the 
 two successful pioneer oil mills of New 
 Orleans were the Bienville, built and oper- 
 ated by Messrs. Pierre Paul Martin and Paul 
 Aldige, and the Magazine Oil Mill, owned 
 and operated by Ambrose Maginnis, Sr. 
 ■Both of these mills were built and began 
 operations in the fall of 1855. There is a 
 rivalry between these mills as to which was 
 
 the actual pioneer, and the question wag 
 never settled to the mutual satisfaction of 
 the contending parties." By other authori- 
 ties the Martin Mill was credited with 
 having started in 1847. 
 
 18.55. — In a review of the Chicago live 
 .'-tock histo-ry by the Drovers' Journal, Mr. 
 J no. T. Alexander is mentioned as one of 
 the greatest cattle buyer ever on tho 
 t'hicago market. In this year he shipp-d 
 .■;,000 head; in I1S56, 10,000 head: in 1857 
 he shipped 15,000 head. He was a cattle 
 raiser in Illinois and a speculator also. 
 During that time he practically monopo- 
 lized the buying of cattle suiitable from 
 Eastern inarkets.. With the principal rail- 
 road then running to New York Mr. Alex- 
 ander made a contract to ship 1,000 cattle 
 a week, thereby securing a greatly reduced 
 freight rate, which cattle raisers and other 
 dealers could not touch. Mr. Alexander 
 did not own a packing house, but he made 
 larger amounts of money in rebates than 
 are now considered to be fair packing- 
 house profits. 
 
 1855, June 11. — ^Smithfield, in London, 
 used for the last time as a live cattle 
 market. 
 
 1855, June 21st. — At Union Course, Ijong 
 Island, the mare Pocahontas established the 
 pacing record to wagon at 2:171/2. She was 
 bred by John C. Dine, of Butlsr county, Ohio, 
 by Iron's Cadmus, he by Cadmus, son of 
 American Eclipse. 
 
 1855. — ^Colonel C L. Carter, pioneer Texas 
 ranchman, settled in Palo Pinto county. 
 He was afterwards one of the original 
 organizers of the "••ound-up" system of 
 gathering cattle, and President of the 
 Northwest Te.xas Cattle Kaisers' Association. 
 
 1855. — Col. Agoston Haraszthy introduced 
 French grapevines into California after an 
 extended European investigation. 
 
 1855, October. — At the Florence, Kentucky, 
 Fair, Black Hawk, a Morgan stallion, ex- 
 liibited by P. & L. Melendy, of Hamilton 
 t ounty. Ohio, won the first prize in cla.ss 
 for harness stallions four years old and up- 
 ward. 
 
 1855. — It was in this year when cattle 
 lirst began to arrive at Chicago from Texas 
 in droves. J. G. I^aw & Co. packed 3,000 
 head of them in 1859, and other packers 
 salted large numbers of them. The Civil 
 War temporarily slopped this trade. 
 
 1855. — In this year Mr. Peter M. Gideon. 
 of Minnesot.i, began a series of discouraging 
 experiinents in order to discover an apple 
 tree able to withstand tTie severe winters 
 'if his section. In twelve years he grew 
 line seedlling of the Cherry CraVi, which 
 ll'roved hard. This was named 'Wealthy," 
 :!nd upon this foundation the apple culture 
 of the Northern 3Iinnesota region has been 
 built. 
 
 1855. — The Rojal Herd Book of Hereford 
 <attle at the Fleming Farm, Windsor, Eng- 
 land, was founderl in this year. 
 
 1856.— Charles Goodnight. Texas pioneer 
 cattle raiser, arrived at the San Saba river 
 with his partner and W. J. Sheek, and came 
 from Illinois. 
 
 1856. — ^George Wilkes, 2:22, a great sire of 
 trotters, a famous son of Hambletonian, 10, 
 was foaled in this year. His dam was Dolly 
 Spanker. He died in 1882. 
 
 1856. — Richard Ten Broeck sailed for 
 England with a stable of thoroughbreds — 
 
 first American to invade the English turf. 
 
 1856. — In this year the seed of the 
 Chinese sugar cane, or sugar variety of the 
 (•orghiim, was introduced Into the United 
 States. 
 
 1856. — The process of condensing milk 
 invented by Gail Borden, of Galveston, 
 Texas. He was born at Norwich, N. Y., in 
 l}i02, and was the first white settler at 
 r.alveston, Texas. 
 
 1850. — First Parisian live stock exhibition 
 ;inder the patronage of the Emperor 
 Napoleon III. Large and iinportant exhibit 
 of Knglish, Scotch and Irish cattle. 
 
 1856. — \ fig tree planted in this year is 
 now one of the great horticultural curiosi- 
 ties of Californa. On Bidwell Ranch, 1130 
 miles north of San Francisco. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 43 
 
 18f>G. — ^In this year J. P. Anderson en- 
 L'aged in oattle raising in California, being 
 one of the pioneers of the I'liciflc Coast in 
 tliat occupation. Forty-nine years later he 
 shipped train consigrnments of hli,s own 
 cattle from Nevada to the Kansas City 
 market. 
 
 1856. — Rev. Ben.jamin M. Nyce, "preacher, 
 teacher and chemist," of Decatur county, 
 Indiana, through insulation of building's, 
 developed an ioe-storase lioune, which is 
 the origin of the modern refrigerator. He 
 stored fruits successfully for a rise in 
 market prices. 
 
 185G. — This year was noted for failure of 
 «TO|>s in France. 
 
 HIRAM WOODRUFF— Born, 1817; died, 
 1S67. Famous as trainer and driver of 
 trotters. He had the skill of the master, 
 I he affection of animals and the confidence 
 of men. Picture from his book, "The Trot- 
 ling Horse in America." 
 
 1856, September 2d. — Flora Temple, by 
 Bogus Hunter, dam b.v Terry Horse, trotted 
 the Union Course, Fast New York, in 2:24V2. 
 She was driven Ijy the renowned horseman, 
 Hiram Woodruff. 
 
 18.56. — The CoUynie herd of Shorthorns, 
 ostabliished by Mr. Wm. Duthie, Sr., of 
 Aberdeen, Scotland. 
 
 1856. — Lear Bros., of Kentucky, owned 
 the large jack Biiena Vista by Imported 
 Mammoth. 
 
 1856. — Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, 
 Ga., commenced breeding English Berkshire 
 s.«'ine. 
 
 1856. — The United States Aigricultural 
 Pociety at Philodelphia awardeed Coloneil 
 Richard Peters, of .\tanta, Ga., a special 
 iremium of $1,000 on the Angora goats of 
 Lhe Davis importation. 
 
 1856. — Anieriean Agriculturist, monthly 
 farm paper. purchased by Mr. Orange 
 ,Tudd. Associate editors. Rev. W. Clift, 
 M. C. Weld. Dr. Geo. Thurber, Joseph 
 Harris, Henry Stewart and Dr. B. D. 
 Halst ;-d. 
 
 1856. — In this year the first Angora goats 
 received from Victoria, Australia, consisted 
 of seven head, brought from Turkey by Mr. 
 Sichel, a Melbourne merchant. These goats 
 averaged a fleece of two pounds nine 
 ounces when the flock had increased to 108 
 head. 
 
 1856. — First grafting of the prune at San 
 Jose, Calif. 
 
 1856. — ^In his "Fruit and Fruit Trees of 
 \merica," published this year, A. ,1. Down- 
 ing claimed that the American or Newtown 
 Pippin, propagated in Rhode Isiland, was 
 admittedly the fine«:t apple in the world. 
 
 1856, October 16th. — Opening of the Great 
 St. Louis Fair. Original Directors: A. 
 Harper, T. Grimsley, J. M. Chambers, ,1. R. 
 Parrot, H. T. Blow, H. C. Hart, J. Withnell, 
 
 T. T. January, C. I. Hunt, H. .S'. Turner, F. 
 Dings and Norman J. Oolman. Officers were: 
 J. R. Barrett, President; A. Harper, T. 
 Grimsley and H. T. Hart, Vice-Presidents; 
 Norman .1. Colman, Recording Secretary; 
 Oscar Collet, Corresponding Secretary; and 
 H. S. Turner, Treasurer. 
 
 1857. — 'On February 9th, Congress passed 
 a bill providing for the construction of a 
 wagon road across the country to the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 1857. — .Tames Buchanan, I'resident of the 
 United States, and served four years. 
 
 1857. — ^The Cumberland Agricultural So- 
 ciety organized, becoming afterwards the 
 Agricultural Society of New South Wales, 
 Australia. 
 
 1857. — ^In the "American .lournal of 
 Science" Di'. Gray showed that, although 
 the pumpkin's origin was popularly sup- 
 posed to be in the lievant, there is good 
 reason for believing it to have been culti- 
 vated in America b.v the Indians before the 
 coming of the whites. 
 
 1857. — The United States War Depart- 
 ment introduced camels into the country 
 
 for use in the dry territories. Seventy-flva 
 were bought in Egypt and Asia Minor by 
 Ma.jor Charles Wayne. The naval transport 
 Supply brought the cargo of camels. They 
 were landed on the Texas coast, and under 
 the care of Captain J. N. Paliner half of 
 the herd was driven overland to Camp 
 N'erde, Ariz., and the others left at Indian- 
 ola, Texas. The camels did not thrive under 
 treatment by American teamsters, and, 
 being neglected daring the war, the experi- 
 ment was a failure. 
 
 1857. — A gray horse named General 
 Taylor, by Miorse Horse, dam Flora, un- 
 traced, trotted tliirt.v miles in 147:59. 
 
 1857. — Between this year and 1S62 Mr. 
 Winthrap W. Chener.v made three importa- 
 tions of pure-bred Holstein-Friesian cattle. 
 
 1857.— Samuel William Johnson appointed 
 Agricultural Chemist at Yale College. 
 Author of famous popular works: "How 
 Plants Grow," "How Plants Feed." 
 
 1857. — The trotting record for three miles 
 to wa^on in a race was placed at 7:53 1/2 by 
 Prince, a chestnut gelding, whose pedigree 
 !s unknown. 
 
 1857, .April. — Hereford Journal established 
 at Owego, N. y., by W. H. Siotham. 
 
 1857, May l.?th. — .At Uansing Mich., the 
 State Agricultural College was formally 
 opened with .sixty-one stundents and five 
 professors. This is the first of the states to 
 I'ut in .actual operation a true agricultural 
 college. 
 
 1857, August 27th. — Shorthorn cattle sale 
 at Springfield, 111, Average for twenty- 
 seven animals, $1,165 per head. 
 
 1857. — ^Mr. B. F. Harris, of Champaign, 
 III., marketed a load of cattle at Chicago 
 a\'eraging 2.1 ie pounds, and the heaviest 
 load ever sold on that market. These cattle 
 were picked out of 100 head which Mr. 
 Harris had fed to the remarkable average 
 of 2,:i77 pounds. Mr. Harrii* at this writing 
 is alive and well. He Is the chamipion 
 feeder of hea\y cattle. 
 
 1857, December 14th. — Mr. Morrell intro- 
 duced a bill in Congress providing for dona- 
 tions of land to states and territories which 
 may provide agricultural colleges. 
 
 1857.— In this year the Globe Sickle Fac- 
 tory of Pittsburgh, Pa., was turning out 
 sickles to greater value than all the other 
 factories in the United States. 
 
 1857. — In this year, in the state of Missis- 
 sippi, a law was passed requiring every 
 cotton ginner to remove and destroy all 
 cotton seed. Failure was punishable by a 
 fine of *20 for every day in which he neg- 
 lected to do so. Thus it appears that cotton 
 seed was considered to be a nuisa.nce, and 
 an accumulation thereof a danger to the 
 community. Cotton seed was usually dumped 
 into a stream of flowing water. 
 
 1858. — The first Argentine (South Amer- 
 ica) Rural Society organized through the 
 efforts and advice of Don Eduardo Olivera, 
 a student in London. The first President 
 was Gen. Gervasio A. Posadas. A more 
 effective organization followed in 1S66. 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1858, October 10th.— At nine o'clock in 
 the evening' the first overland mall from 
 California was delivered to tlie proper offi- 
 cials in St. L.ouis, Mo. 
 
 1858. — Messrs. Gundlach & Dressel, of 
 Sonoma, Calif., imported choice varieties of 
 French grapevines, espocially from the 
 Rhine provinces. 
 
 1858. — ^Nelson Morris commenced slaugh- 
 tering operations at Twenty-first street, 
 Chicago^origjn of one of the greatest pack- 
 ing houses in this country. 
 
 GEORGE WILrKE'S, 2:22 — Son of Hamble- 
 tonian and sire of a distinguished family of 
 trotters, whose name and fame are growing 
 greater every day. Prom copyright picture 
 by permission of Schreiber & Sons. 
 
 1858. — In this year Thomas H. Burridge, 
 of St. Louis, Mo., invented and built a 
 traction steam engine intended chiefly for 
 field culture. 
 
 1858. — J. S. Rarey, an American, first 
 exhibited in London, England, taming 
 vicious Iiorses. 
 
 1858. — ^Clydesdale stallion imported into 
 Ohio by FuUerton & Co. 
 
 1858. — Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, 
 Ga., imported Brahmin cattle. 
 
 1859, May. — ^Farmers prospecting on the 
 plains of Nebraska, reported snow two feet 
 deep. 
 
 1859. — In the month of April of this year 
 the first issue of the Nebraslca Farmer was 
 published by Mr. R. W. Furmas. It was a 
 monthly, sixteen-page, three-column paper, 
 the columns being nine inches long. Mr. 
 Furmas continued publication until April, 
 1862, when he exchanged the pen for the 
 sword and went to the war. He was aftei- 
 wards Governor of Nebraska, and at the 
 time of his death was Secretary of the 
 .State Board of Agriculture. 
 
 1859. — ^A National Fair was held at 
 Chicago in this year. 
 
 1859. — ^Mr. J. H. Pickrell, of Harristown, 
 111., first actively Identified with Shorthorn 
 cattle Interests. Afterwards Secretary of 
 the American Shorthorn Herd Book. 
 
 1859. — Hampshire Down sheep mention,^u 
 as probably a cross breed of Cotswolds and 
 Leicesters by Royal Agricultural Society. 
 
 1859. — Shropshire sheep awarded a place 
 on prize sheet of the Royal Agricultural 
 Bociety of England. 
 
 1859. — Cotton shipments from Bombay, 
 East Indies, to Europe and England, 622,- 
 319 bales. American crop same year, 4,861,- 
 •00 bales; total exports, 3,774,000 bales. 
 
 1859. — Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle ap- 
 peared in this country, being imported 
 from Holland. 
 
 1859. — In Septemiber of this year the 
 Maryland Agricultural College was formally 
 opened. 
 
 1859, July 20th. — Fawkes' American Steam 
 Plow, a gang of fourteen-inch prairie plows, 
 was tried at Philadelphia In this year. The 
 
 mean rate of speed was four miles an hour, 
 and the united furrows were nine feet four 
 inchevs wide. It plowed 4.3 acres an hour, 
 and was satisfactory to the committee and 
 spectators. 
 
 1859. — The Farmer.s' High School of Penn- 
 sylvania (now the Pennsylvania State Col- 
 lege) opened for students in this year. I>r. 
 Evan Pugh was the first President. 
 
 1859, October 15th. — Flora Temple reduced 
 the trotting record to 2:19% at Kalamazoo, 
 Mich. She beat her own record three times 
 in two months during this year under the 
 guidance of James D. McManus. 
 
 1859. May 5th. — First shipment of cattle 
 from St. Joseph, Mo., to Eastern markets. 
 
 1860. — The United States Census Superin- 
 lendent. in his introduction to the agricult- 
 ural division of his work, said: "We have 
 two agricultural colleges in active operation 
 and others in progress of organization. Our 
 >oung men are beginning to realize that 
 agriculture is worthy their highest amli- 
 tion, and that in no other pursuit will in- 
 telligent labor meet with a surer reward." 
 
 18G0. — Owing to the scouraging and ex- 
 haustive system of husbandry practiced in 
 the United States, it was stated in the Mark 
 Lane Express of England that the grain- 
 I'xporting power of the United States was 
 likely to diminish r.ather than increase. 
 
 ISfiO. — Goodenough's horseshoes, made by 
 machinery, put on cold, patented in this 
 year. 
 
 18(i0, September 27th. — ^Visiit of the Prince 
 of Wales, then heir to the British Throne. 
 to the St. IjOuis Fair. 
 
 1860. — The Chautauqua grape industry 
 began. In 1900 the Chautauqua grape belt 
 contained 25,000 acres of vines, of which 
 S5 per cent, were of the Concord variety. 
 
 1860. — Great deposits of .potasli .salts 
 found near Strassfurt, Germany, which are 
 now largely used for fertilizers. 
 
 1860. — Census of this year the first to 
 report in detail the quantity and value of 
 commercial fertilizers manufactured in the 
 United States. 
 
 1860. — Lincoln sheep first given a class in 
 English Agricultural Society. 
 
 1860. — ^Small Yorkshire swine introduced 
 into the United States^ — a pure hog of 
 English York and Cumberland breeds. 
 
 1860. — Paris green first used in Eastern 
 States to kill potato bugs. 
 
 1860. — ^A grower of Garnet Chili potatoes 
 preserved a seed ball of this ivariety, pin- 
 ning it against his window until it was old 
 and dry, when he gave it to Mr. Albert 
 Breese, of Vermbnt, who planted the seeds 
 and produced a number of good, bad and 
 indifferent tubers and including one plant 
 which surpassed all others. This was named 
 the Early Rose, which became the leading 
 variety in America. 
 
 1860. — 'In this harvest season four thou- 
 sand McCormick reapers were reported to 
 have been sold to farmers around Chicago. 
 
 1860. — Flora Temple trotted three miles 
 in harness, against time, in 7:33%. She 
 ■was by Boigus Hunter, dam Madam Temple, 
 by Terry Horse, and was one of the greatest 
 trotters of her time. 
 
 1860. — First cotton mill in Texas built at 
 Huntsville by the state government. 
 
 1860. — In the fall of this year the first 
 New York Agricultural College was opened 
 at Ovid under Presidency of Major M. R. 
 Patrick, but was closed again, owing to the 
 breaking out of the Civil War, and was not 
 opened again as a college. 
 
 1860. — In the year 1860 Illinois was 
 seventh in the number of states as a pork 
 and beef-packing center. California was 
 first, with 199 houses'; Pennsylvania second 
 with 106; New York third, with 91; Ohio 
 fourth, with 55; New Hampshire fifth, with 
 46; New Jersey sixth, with 28; and Illinois 
 seventh, with 22. Ten years later Chicago 
 alone had 31 packing houses. In 18S0 
 Chicago had 70 packing houses. 
 
 1860, December 11th. — Parker Curie, 
 Superintendent of a Louisville slaughtering 
 house, with one set of hands, killed 2,171 
 hogs in one day. 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 45 
 
 I860. — Ground broken at Kansas City for 
 the Western Paeifle Kailruad. 
 
 18eO.--At the beeinninp of the year 1S60 
 the book entitled "Industrial Chicago" 
 
 enumerates the beef packers as follows: 
 R. M. & O. S. Hough established in 1850; 
 Cra^in & Co. in 1854; Van Brunt & Watrous 
 in 1S.5S; Gurdon S. Hubbard in 1834; Hav- 
 ward. Bloomfleld & Co. in 1858; A. S. 
 Brown & Co. in 1853; and Clybourne & Co. 
 in 1827. The liosj packers were Jones & 
 Culbertson in 1S5S; Tobey & Booth in 1S52; 
 Leland & Mixer in 1S59; George Steel in 
 1843; C. & J. Stewart in 1857; Thoma.s Nash 
 in 1857; J. G. Law, succeeding MoO're .*t 
 Seayerns, in 1858; Patrick Curtiss in 1S5S; 
 Burt & Higgins in 1S58; Holder & Priest in 
 1858; I.ouis Richberg in 1858; Smith & Son 
 in 1858; Reynolds & Lunt in 1857; Noyes .*t 
 Co. in 1S5S; Charles Silver in 1S5S; and 
 E. A. Kent & Co. in 1860. The tirst summer 
 meat packing is credited to Tobey, Booth 
 & Co., and Van Brunt & Watrous. 
 
 1860. — ^Bone black as cl.arifying or refinint? 
 agent no longer used in siiKar retiniiig, 
 being substituted by a sulphurous gas. 
 
 1860. — In this year five bushels of corn 
 were raised in the United States for every 
 single bushel of wheat. Illinois led the 
 corn with 115,174,77-1 bushels; also the 
 wheat with 23,837,023 bushels. 
 
 1860. — Allen's Red Prolific and AiUen's 
 Antwerp raspberries introduced to the 
 public, being improved sorts of the £nglish 
 red raspbcrrj'. Improved by L. F. Allen, 
 of Black Rock, N. Y. 
 
 1860. — The censiis of this year says that 
 the premium on gold increased the price of 
 farmers" wheat three to eight-fold. The 
 large margin was in favor of the Western 
 wheat grower. 
 
 1860. — No'. 2 cash wheat ranged from 66 
 cents per bushel in December to $1.13 in 
 April. 
 
 1860. — The Department of Agriculture 
 introduced the Italian bee into this country. 
 
 1860. — Truck growers in Norfolk, Va., first 
 to demonstrate that strawberries could be 
 grown and ripened long in advance of the 
 Northern crop. The industry failed be- 
 cause the crop spoUed in transit, there 
 I'eing no refrigerator cars at that time. 
 
 1860. — The Iinited States Census reported 
 2,011,077 farms in the United States, an 
 increase of 595,004 in ten years. 
 
 1860. — Center of number of farms in the 
 United States, forty miles northeast of Cin- 
 cinr.oati, in Clinton county, Ohio. 
 
 1860. — Center of ITnited .States population, 
 twenty miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio. 
 
 1861. — Youatt (on the Horse) said: "The 
 I^nglish (,Shire) draft horse sprung from 
 Flemish blood." 
 
 1861. — Puchess Shorthorns exported to 
 England by Mr Samuel Thorne, of New 
 York state. 
 
 1861. — Earl.v war prices of cotton: 
 Highest price middling upland cotton, 3S 
 cents; lowest of ihe year, 11% cents. 
 
 1861. — ^I..ow price of wheat: June and 
 .Tulv, 55 cents; hit'-hest, in May, $1.25. 
 
 1861. — 'Mr. Alfred I. Smith, improver of 
 Sufl'olk horses, established a stud at 
 AVoodbridge, Suffolkshire, England. 
 
 1861. — 'Royal Agricultural Society of 
 England avsarded Mr. John Fowler $100 for 
 the most economical application of steam 
 power to the cultivation of the soil. 
 
 1861. — First creamery or butter factory in 
 the United States started in Orange 
 county. New York. 
 
 1861. — In the season of lSCl-2 the dis- 
 linction of being the leading packing point 
 in the country p.assed from Cincinnati to 
 Chicago. 
 
 1861. — -Of the small fruits the strawberry 
 crop is more than all the rest. Average of 
 the United States, 1,701 quarts per acre on 
 150,000 acres. 
 
 1861. — Jerry Burnett, from Bates county, 
 MLs-souri, pioneer ranchman, settled in 
 Denton county, Texas. 
 
 1861. — Abraham Lincoln, President of the 
 United States, and served until April, 1865, 
 when ho was assassinated. 
 
 1861. — In this year J. D. Ulrey and hia 
 partner, Wm. Veach. were conducting a 
 live stock comniis-^ion business and stock 
 yards at the corner of Irvin and North 
 .wenufes, Allegheny, Pa., and practically 
 represented all there was in the Pittsburgh 
 live stuck market. 
 
 1861. — L. Prevo.st, a Frenchman, began 
 silk culture of thf* I'acillc Coa«t near San 
 Jose, Calif., an industry which did not suc- 
 ceed and v.as almost extinct by 1877. 
 
 1861. — Thomas McCrae, of Guelph, On- 
 tario, Canada, began breeding Galloway 
 cattle and started successfully to jjrove the 
 j;reat merits and high value of the breed. 
 
 1861. — Modern herd of Aberdeen-Angus 
 cattle established at Ballindalloch, Scotland, 
 by Sir George Macpherson Grant. 
 
 1861. — Mr. Wm. I.andrum was awarded a 
 silver froblet and C25 in cash for the intro- 
 duction of the first goats (called Cashmeres 
 at the time) into California. 
 
 1861.--Atwood .Merino sheep introduced 
 into Ohio by Mr. Minortone, of Lewis 
 Center. 
 
 1862. — ^Mr. Abram Fultz, of Pennsylvania, 
 found some beautiful heads of smooth 
 wheat in his field and originated a new 
 variety which is known by hi--^ name. 
 
 1863. — ^On April Sth of this year I. Winlow, 
 of Philadelphia, obtained a ^patent for a 
 new method of preserving green corn which 
 he assigned to J. W. Jones, of Portland, 
 Me. This was the French process invented 
 by Nicholas Appert, in T795. 
 
 1862, May 15th. — President Lincoln ap- 
 pro\ed the bill establishing a Department 
 of Agriculture, the Department being organ- 
 ized on July 1st of the same year. Hon. 
 Isaac Newton, of Pennsylvania, was the 
 first Commissioner. 
 
 1862. — In England, attention first drawn 
 to the probabilities and possibilities of 
 wheat breeding. 
 
 1862. — Lowest wheat, in January, 64 
 cents; highest, in .August, 92 Vb cents. 
 
 1862. — First volume of Polled Herd Book, 
 compiled by Mr. Edw.ard Ravenscroft, of 
 Edinburgh, Scotland, contained pedigrees of 
 Galloway and Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 
 
 1862.— Norfolk and Suffolk Red Polled 
 cattle formally recognized in classes at the 
 International .Show, Eattersea Park, London. 
 
 1862. — 'Royal A.gricultural Society of 
 England, introduced special classes for 
 (ialloway cattle at International Show at 
 Battersea, near London. 
 
 1862. — Gail Borden, of Texas, patented 
 a process by means of which the juice of 
 fruit, such as apples, currants and grapes, 
 could be reduced to one-seventh of its orig- 
 inal bulk. 
 
 1862. — The Massachusetts State Board of 
 Agriculture held the first Farmers' rnstitute. 
 
 1862. — In this year C. Aultman & Co., of 
 Canton, Ohio, made 3,100 "Buckeye" mow- 
 ing and reaping machines. 
 
 1862. — The Free Homestead I^aw as w.^ 
 understand it to-day was enacted this year 
 and approved by President Lincoln. 
 
 1862, March 5th. — Formation of tho 
 Kansas State Agricultural Society at Topeka. 
 Officers: President, Lyman Scott, of Leav- 
 enworth; Secretary, F. G. Adams, of Shaw- 
 nee; Treasurer, Isaac Garrison, of Shawnee. 
 
 1862, July 2d. — Passage of an act by the 
 United States, apportioning lands for the 
 establishment of State Agricultural Colleges. 
 
 1863. — A. W. Hall, of St. Louis, Mo., took 
 out a patent for a steam plow. 
 
 1863. — New York Central Stock Yards .-it 
 Buffalo, N. Y., opened this year. 
 
 1863. — ^In this year, at the Internationil 
 Exhibition at Hamburg. Germany, where 
 .■ill the finest flocks of Europe were rep r-- 
 sented. two first-class prizes were awarded 
 to Merino sheep from Vermont. 
 
 1863. — ^In this year Barbour Bros, estali- 
 llshed the first factory for making harness 
 threads in this country. Previously all this 
 product was imported from Ireland. 
 
 1863. — George M. Patchen, trotting under 
 saddle, made the record of two miles in 
 4:56. 
 
4G 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 18(i3, January. — Isaac Newton, United 
 Staters Commissioner of Agriculture, com- 
 menced analy.sis of wines, soils and grapes 
 with a view to assisting the culture of the 
 A-inc. 
 
 18(i:i. — Lowest wheat, in August, 80 cents; 
 l^ighest, in T^ecemljer, %l.l'2V2. 
 
 1863. — First 160-acre United States home- 
 stead filed on by D. Freeman, five minutes 
 after noon, near Beatrice, Neb. 
 
 18(i3. — In this year the Grand Prix de 
 Palis was instituted, the horse Ranger 
 being the first winner. 
 
 PRIDE OF AVON— AYRSHIRE BUI-X.. 
 Champion at Detroit, 1911; champion and 
 grand champion Grand Rapids, Mich.; also 
 champion at Arizona Fair, Phoenix, 1910 
 and 1911. Exhibited by W. A. Macdonald, 
 Mesa, Arizona. 
 
 1863. — .Ayrshire cattle breeders in America 
 organized and begun the puljlication of a 
 new herd book. 
 
 1803, February. — List of agricultural papers 
 in the (Tnited States published by Norman 
 .J Colman in his Valley Farmer of this 
 date: Rural New Yorker, Maine Farmer, 
 New England Farmer, Boston Cultivator, 
 Massachusetts Plowman, Hovey's Magazine 
 of Horticulture, Ainerican Agriculturist, 
 Working Farmer, Hortioilturist, Farmer 
 and Gardener, The Gardeners' Monthly, 
 Country Gentleman, Genesee Farmer, Ohio 
 Farmer, Michigan Farmer, Prairie Farmer, 
 Illinois Farmer. Wisconsin Farmer, Iowa 
 Homestead, California F'armer and Canadian 
 Agriculturist. 
 
 1863. — The American Pevon Herd Book, 
 the first volume of a new series, published 
 in this year. 
 
 1864. — :A.bout this time, in Warren county, 
 Mississiijpl, Peeler cotton, the first long- 
 staple upland variety, was introduced, by 
 whom not known. The most widely-grown 
 of long-tapled cotton in Mississippi and 
 Louisiana. 
 
 1864. — Smallest crop of cotton grown any 
 time in the United .S-tates after it became a 
 crop. The crop of 1S64-5 was about 250,000 
 bales. The Civil War was responsible for 
 the shortage. 
 
 1801.- Hijifhest wheat, in June, $2.26 per 
 liushel; lowest, in March, $1.07. 
 
 186t.--High war prices of cotton: Highest 
 juice of the year. $1.90 per pound; lowest, 
 7 2 cents. This for upland middling on the 
 New York market. 
 
 1861. — Year of the birth of the "cigarette" 
 maae from Perique tobacco of Louisiana 
 and the bright yellow types of North Caro- 
 lina and Virginia. 
 
 1864. — White Burley tobacco originated in 
 Brown countj-, Ohio, from a sprout of the 
 red Builey. Well adapted to plug fillers 
 and plug and twist wrappers. 
 
 186.'>. — Kxtract of meat, invention by 
 Liebig. 
 
 1865. — About this time vegetable growing 
 under glass began to attract wide-spread 
 attention. 
 
 180.'), February. — Act passed in Kansas to 
 prevent Texas stock being driven into the 
 state on account of Southern fever. 
 
 186.5. — Beginning of the spread of the pea- 
 nut industry. .Soldiers campaigning in East- 
 ern Virginia acquired knowledge of the 
 jiiants and carried the seed over the South. 
 
 1805, Feliruary 1.3th. — Special charter 
 granted by the Legislature of Illinois to the 
 Union Stock. Yard and Transit Compan.y of 
 ij'hicago, 111. Incorporators: John L. Han- 
 cock. Virginius A. Turpin, Roselle M. Hough, 
 Sidney \. Kent, Charles M. Culbertson, 
 Lyman Blair, Martin L. Sykes, Jr., George 
 W. Cass, James F. Joy, John F. Tracy, 
 Timothy B. Blackstone, John H. Moore, 
 .tohn S. Barry, Homer R. Sargent, Burton 
 C. Cook, John B. Drake. William D. Judson, 
 David Kreigh, Joseph Shervvin and John B. 
 Sherman. * 
 
 1805, \pril 14th. — Andrew Johnson elected 
 N'ice-I'resident, succeeds to the Presidency 
 of the United Stules, and serves nearly four 
 
 vt'ais. 
 
 1865. — National Wool Growers' Association 
 
 organized. 
 
 1865. — Captain McGowan, a roan horse of 
 unlinown breeding, established the twenty- 
 mile trotting record of .".8:2!5. 
 
 1865. — L. B. Silver, of Cleveland, Ohio, 
 liought the foundation of his Ohio Improved 
 Chester hogs and commenced to build a 
 .-train or family according to his idea. 
 
 1865. — ^.\uction of Shorthorn Grand Duchess 
 cattle by catalogue at WlIiLs' Rooms, IjOndon, 
 no animals being in sight. Thirteen cattle 
 averaged H)2. 177.2s per head. 
 
 1865. —The rinderpest, originating In 
 Russia, readied London by importation of 
 foreign caitle. 
 
 1865. — Dexter, by Hambletonian, 10th, dam 
 by American Star, trotted two miles to 
 w.agon in a race in 4:56 '4. 
 
 1805. — Lowest wlieat, in December, 85 
 cents; highest, in Janury, $1.55. 
 
 1865, December 25th. — Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 111., thrown open for business. 
 
 1865. — "Gardening For Profit," by Peter 
 Henderson, issued in this year — the first 
 inijportant work devoted exclusively to 
 market gardening. 
 
 1865. — In this year the Turf, Field and 
 Farm was founded by S. D. Bruce, B. G. 
 Bruce and Hamilton Busbey. 
 
 1805. — The territorial government of Mon- 
 tana passed an act concerning marks and 
 brands at the request of cattle raisers then 
 engaged in the business. 
 
 1865. — J. M. Daugherty, famous driver of 
 trail herds, engaged as cowboy for James 
 Adajns at San Antonio, Texas. He after- 
 wards delivered 40,000 Texas cattle in one 
 year at government Indian agencies in the 
 Northwest. 
 
 1865, July. — 'Birth of noted sow men- 
 tioned as being one of the best of the early 
 Poland Chinas — "Lady Pugh, white; one of 
 the best sows in Warren county, Ohio. Far- 
 rowed in July, 1865. Bred by J. B. Pugh. of 
 Fianklin, Warren county, Ohio, in the fall 
 of 1S6S; owned by him until she died, August 
 2;tth, 1876. Sired by Young Bob, 300; dam, 
 tiie old Harlirader sow." 
 
 1865. — In this year the total recorded live 
 stock receipts at St. Louis amounted to 
 94,:!V0 cattle, 99,603 hogs and 52,133 sheep. 
 
 1865. — About this time Pans green was 
 first applied for the destruction of the 
 potato hug and other leaf-destroying insects. 
 
 1866. — In this year a Colorado Cattle 
 Growers' Association was partly organized; 
 was completed in November of the year 
 following with John Ully. President; and 
 J. S. Wheeler, .Secretary. It was the year 
 1S75 before Colorado had an important 
 cattle-growing interest. 
 
 1860. — First Belgian draft horse impor- 
 tation to this country by Dr. A. G. Van 
 Hoorebeke. of Monmouth, 111. Horses were 
 called Boulonnais. 
 
 1866. — Henry L. DeVilmorin, a French 
 plant breeder, found that 1,000 to 1,300 feet 
 apart was sufficient to prevent spontaneous 
 intercrossing by wind-blown pollen. He was 
 experimenting with Indian corn. 
 
 1866. — Ancona fowls first brought to 
 public notice in the United States by the 
 late Francis A. Mortimer. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 47 
 
 1866. — Prwtical Floriculture by Feter 
 Henderson appeared this year; first im- 
 portant volume on the subject. 
 
 1866, January. — ^Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
 -Albany. N. Y.. publishing two farm papers. 
 The Cultivator, by consolidation with Thf 
 Genesee Farmer, dating- back to 1S31, and 
 The (^"ountry Genteman, founded in lS4n, 
 combined the papers under the name of The 
 Cultivator and Country (gentleman, the title 
 beinqr abbreviated to "The Countrj- Gentle- 
 man" in 1S9S. 
 
 1866. — The fastest mile record trottinj; 
 under saddle up to this period was made 
 by Dexter, the great son of Hambletonian. 
 10th, the time being L':1S. 
 
 1866. — In this year 262.000 head of Texas 
 cattle were driven across the Red river 
 into the Indian Territory and started for 
 Sedalia. Mo., then the western terminus of 
 the Missouri I'acific Railway; but local 
 organizations of settlers barred the wav 
 and the drive ended in disaster and ruin to 
 the drovers. 
 
 1866. — After-the-war cotton prices: Up- 
 and middling, highest of the year at New 
 York, [>:'. cents per pound; lowest, 32 centt:. 
 
 1866. — In this year Charles Goodnight, 
 famous Texas ranchman, together with 
 Oliver I-oving, a native Texan, drove a herd 
 of cattle from Southern Texas up the Pecos 
 rivei- valley to Fort .Sumner in order to fill 
 a government contract. At this period the 
 trail was not established and no cattle were 
 ranging between Horsehead Crossing and 
 Fort Sumner. In one of these trips Oiver 
 Loving was killed by Indians. 
 
 1866. — .1. O. .Sheldon, of Geneva, N. Y., 
 bought all the available pure Duchess 
 Shorthorns in America. 
 
 1866. — Dr. J. .Stayman, of Leavenworth. 
 Kas., grew a lot of apple seedlings, the 
 seed being selected from a choice lot of 
 Winesap apples grown in the county. He 
 oiiginated what is now known as the Say- 
 man Winesap apple. 
 
 IDA OF' ST. LAMBERT — Jersey cow. 
 
 18B6. — The Island Herd Book of Jersey 
 Cattle was started in this year. The first 
 examination for fiualification was held on 
 the 4th of April. Forty-two bulls were reg- 
 istered as foundation stock. Later 182 cows 
 were examined and approved, and by the 
 end of ISfiS altogether 92 bulls and .'iSl cows 
 and heifers had been examined. All these 
 were qualified as foundation cows. Col. Le 
 Conu was the Honorary Secretary and 
 Treasurer. 
 
 1866. — "Prin'e of Wales" foaled; most 
 prominent Clydesdale sire, bred by James 
 Nicol Fleming, of Ayrshire, Scotland; was 
 sold at five years old for $7,500; sire of 
 Albion. 3,000-guinea colt. 
 
 1866.— T-o\vcst wheat, in February, 77 
 cents; highest. $2.03. 
 
 18(57. — The f rst I'nited States patent for a 
 disc plow granted to M. A. & I. M. Cravath, 
 of Bloomington, 111. 
 
 1867. — Bailev's Annals of Horticulture 
 savs that in "this year the experiment of 
 shipping green fruit by express from Cali- 
 fornia was tried with no very flattering 
 results, as the excessive express rales, in 
 
 connection with the fact that the fruit dlil 
 not arrive in very good condition, made 
 the experiment a losing one on the part of 
 the shippers. 
 
 1807. —The Willet peach originated about 
 this time from a peach stone brought by 
 Cornelius O'l'rien, of Bryant's Minstrels,, 
 from South .\merica. and by him sown in 
 his garden at llo West Fortieth street, Ne^v' 
 York City. The property came into pos- 
 session of Mr. Wallace I'. Willett when the- 
 tree was in full bearing. Twelve selected 
 specimens of the fruit of the original tree 
 weighed twelve ounces each and measured 
 twelve inches in circumference. It is de- 
 scribed in the Department of Agriculture 
 Year Book, 1002. 
 
 1867. — ^Mr. Andrew AUiright. of New 
 Jersey, patented a process for the introduc- 
 tion of hard rubber covered harness trim- 
 mings, a purely American invention, which 
 has figured con.spicuously as a mounting for 
 fine harness. 
 
 1867. — Gerritt .S. and Dudley Miller, of 
 New York, imported Holstein-Friesian cattle 
 from the best herds in Holland. 
 
 1867. — First selection of <iriffin cotton 
 produced by John Griffin, Refuge Plantation, 
 Greenville. Miss. One of the best long- 
 staple upHnd cottons. 
 
 1867. — At the Paris F,xposition, a Poitou 
 jack sold for $3,200, to go to South America. 
 
 1867. — The Knglish Derby was won by 
 Hermit, a horse owned by Mr. H. Chaplin. 
 There were thirty starters, and the time 
 was 2; 52. A horse called Marksman was 
 second. 
 
 1867. — A pear tree planted by Governor 
 Peter Stuyvesant at the corner of Thirteenth 
 street and Third avenue. New York, was 
 destroyed in this year, after having attained 
 to more than 2 DO years of age. 
 
 1867, July 30th — Dexter, the first great 
 son of Hambletonian, 10th, dam Clara, by 
 American Star, made his famous trottin;; 
 record af 2:19 at Riverside Park. Boston, 
 Mass. The track was a half-mile one, and 
 he was driven by the celebrateed Budd 
 Doble. 
 
 1867, November 26th. — First patent for 
 refrigerator cat taken out by J. B. Suther- 
 land, of Detroit, Mich. 
 
 1867. — American .Shorthorn cattle sold at 
 the Queen's farm, Windsor, consigned by 
 Mr. Sheldon, of New York. Nine cattle sold 
 at an average of .'P2,6]5..50 per head. These 
 cattle were sold liy candle light. 
 
 1867. — C. W. Chenery, of Massachusetts, 
 imported .Angora goats. 
 
 1867. — S. T. Todd, son of the originator 
 nf the Todd hog, began crossing with pure 
 I'bester Whites; origin of the O. 1. C. Im- 
 proved Hog. 
 
 1S67. — Mr. Israel S. Diehl, commissioned 
 1 y the United States Agricultural Depart- 
 ment, visited the Province of Angora to 
 investig.ate the mohair industry. 
 
 1867. — In this year a cattle trail was 
 established, extending 1,200 miles from 
 Corpus Christi, Texas, to Abilene, Kansas, 
 mainly through the exertions of James G. 
 McCoy. This trail lasted without change 
 for four years, and the northern terminus 
 was afterwards changed several times, 
 notably to Wichita and Dodge City. In 
 twentv years 9,999,970 head of cattle passed 
 over the trail, which finally extended by 
 way of Ogallala, Nebraska, to the British 
 possessions. 
 
 1867. — A. C. Frankin and Major Tul Craig, 
 of Sumner county, Tennessee, made a large 
 importation of Catalonian .iacks, first impor- 
 tation after the war. 
 
 1867, August 14th. — The famous Dexter 
 reduces the mile trotting record to 2; 17% 
 at Buffalo. N. Y. 
 
 13(57. — First of many Shortliom cattle im- 
 portations by Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hill- 
 hurst, Quebec, Canada. 
 
 1867. — Brahmin cattle introduced into 
 Mexico. F. McManus & Sons shipped twenty 
 head (from the Davis importation) to a 
 farm near the City of Mexico. 
 
 18(}7.-_Lowest wheat, in August. $1.55; 
 highest, $2.85, in May. 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1868. — ^Mr. James Duncan, sugar refiner, of 
 Mincing Lane, Ijondon, erected first beet- 
 sngrar factory in England at Lavenham, in 
 Suffolk. 
 
 18fi8. — Mr. Parlter Earle, of Cobden, 111., 
 successfully transported strawberries to 
 Chicago, New York and New Orleans in 
 lefri.gerator cars. 
 
 1808.— .John H. Potts & Son, of Jackson- 
 ville, 111., coninienced breeding Shorthorn 
 cattle which developed into a great sho^v 
 herd. 
 
 18(i8. — Beef cattle were driven out of 
 Montana Territory by D. Ilogan, of Augusta, 
 in the interest of a firm named Orenstein 
 1^- Popper, of Salt l>ake City, and hougiit 
 from a range cattle owner named P. Largey. 
 
 1868. — The lirst Percheron horse importa- 
 tion west of the Wabash made by W. J. 
 Edwards, of Cliicago. He Imported two 
 great stallions called Success and French 
 Emperor. 
 
 1808. — The seedless apple reported to the 
 New York Farmers' Club as having been 
 found in West \irginia. 
 
 1868. — Longfellow, a chestnut gelding by 
 Red Bill, paced three miles to wagon in a 
 r.ace in 7: -5 3. 
 
 18G8.--I.,owest wheat, in November,$].04 '/i ; 
 highest, in July, $2.2ii. 
 
 1868. — On tlie 11th of July, 1S6S, Major 
 AVm. Noble Pa\ Is, of Kendall counity, Illi- 
 nois, bought Isl head of Texas rattle at the 
 Chicago Union Stock Y'ards as feeders for 
 ^20 per head. He paid .$.t50 damages for 
 introducing Texas fever to the cattle of 
 jjaureston AA'alker, who was one of his 
 neighbors. 
 
 1868.— -In the soring of this year, A. C. 
 and W. L. Cassidy, together with D. Sam 
 Irons and Johii T. Berry, formed a partner- 
 ship in the live stock commission business 
 at the Broadway Stock Y'ards, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Others engaging in the business about the 
 same time were J. I.,. & R. F. McCormack, 
 Buchannn <*t Hurley and Tom Gregory. All 
 were pioneers in the live stock commission 
 business. 
 
 1868. — Sir J. Hawley's Blue Gown, sired 
 by Beadinan, won the Kn^lish Derby in the 
 lem-irkablv fast lime for that period of 
 L':4 3"r.. Eighteen horses started. King 
 .\ If red being the second. 
 
 1868.--The lirst person who engraged in 
 packing; pork at Kansas City was Thomas 
 .J. Bigger, in the fall of 1,S6S. Mr. Bigger 
 engaged exclusivelv in preparing meats for 
 .shipment to Belfast. Ireland. 
 
 1808. — The twelfth census of the TTnited 
 States says that the most important step in 
 the development of American beef a.s an 
 .■>rticle of commerce was the invention of 
 the refriseralor car by Wiilliam Davis, of 
 Detroit. The patents were i=sued in 186S. 
 and in September, ISfiO, the first cargo of 
 '"resb beef was shipped froin Chicago to 
 Boston. This was the commencement of a 
 'real industry in the United States and the 
 initial step toward the foreign trade. The 
 ■ ars now used by the great meat packers 
 of the We=t are founded on the Davis 
 patent of 1S6S. 
 
 1868. — The Chicago house of Armour & 
 <"o. began packing: hog:s in 1S6.S. The beef 
 packing was of later origin. Armour, 
 Plankingtrn &- Co. had previously organized 
 ;n ISfi.'^ at Milwaukee. In 1S70 they ab- 
 sorbed a large portion of the pork-packing 
 interests of Chicago. The Kansas City house 
 was established in 1S71. 
 
 1808. — .Annals of Borticulture by Bailey 
 says that in the month of November, 186S, 
 N. B. Doe, at that time located on Vesey 
 Pier. New York, leceived one car of Cali- 
 fornia sri'HPP'* and three cars of pears. The 
 grapes consisiec-1 of several varieties, liui 
 mo.«tly roka>s, and arrived in good condi- 
 tion, "selling from $10 to .$15 per crate of 
 forty pounds net. These grapes came 
 through by passenger train in a ventilated 
 car, with " freigb.t charges of ^1,200. The 
 pea.-s vere winter Nells and Easier Buerre 
 and arrived in very good condition. , They 
 realized from $;i.50 to $.5.00 per box. The 
 pears came by freight train in ventilated 
 cars and were in transit twenty days, 
 freight on same being $600 per car. The 
 f-esult of the shipment afforded sufficient 
 
 encouragement for shippers to continue with 
 increased consignments. 
 
 1868. -In the year 1S6.S Mr. P. Hutchinson 
 bought ground adjoining the Union Stock 
 Y'ards, Chicago, and immediately proceeded 
 to build a large packing house upon it. This 
 is the leading item in connection with 
 the conceniration of packing houses in tiie 
 ^ic:nity of the stock yards. 
 
 1868. — The perpetual flowering carnations 
 first in-ported into Am.erica, and growing 
 'them under giass was commenced. 
 
 1808. — D. Hogan drove a herd of beef 
 cattle from Montana for the purpose of 
 lining contracts along the Union Pacific 
 Railroad. The contractors were Orenstein 
 ,K' Popjjer, of Salt Lake City, and the cattle 
 "vcre purchased by P. Largey. 
 
 1868. — ^Checsemaking reported as being an 
 important Industry .at Centralia, Nemaha 
 county Kansas. 
 
 CLIFTON — CHAMPION HEREFORD 
 STEER AT THE CHICAGO INTERNA- 
 TIONAL LIVE STOCK EXPOSITION, 1911. 
 Exhibited by J. P. Cudahy. Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 1868. —In this year a four-year-old Here- 
 ford ox was winner of the gold meda.l as 
 the best ox or steer of any breed. This at 
 the fhow of the Smithfield Club in I>ondon. 
 
 1809. — The English Derby was won by 
 Pretender, a horse owned by Mr. J. John- 
 stone. The time was 2:52i.4. 'and Peio 
 .iomez was second. 
 
 1S09. -Experiments of E. A. Carriere with 
 the wild radish form a classical ex.ample of 
 plant jjreeding. In five years by means of 
 culitjvaiion and -election alone he produci^d 
 irom a troublesome weed practically allthe 
 type forms of radish in cultivation. 
 
 1809.-— In this year only four varieties of 
 sweet corn were to be found in the seed 
 catalogues. 
 
 1869. — Ijongfellow mado the record for 
 four miles paced in harness in a race, the 
 time being 10.34 72. Longfell.iw was sired 
 by Reil Bill, but his dam is unknown. 
 
 1S09. — Dr. F. Nobbe, in Tharand, Saxony, 
 I-egan fesling seeds, and was the beginning 
 of extensive seed central work in Europe. 
 
 1801), —The fastest record for four miles 
 trotted in harness in a race was made by 
 Lady Dooley, a bro'wn mare by Black Hawk. 
 The time for the distance was 11.0,5. 
 
 1809. — Ulysses S. Grant elected President 
 of the TTnited States, and served eight years. 
 
 1869. — A. na^tive of .Angora, in Asia Minor, 
 A. Kutychides, brought 175 Angora goats t.j 
 this coontry. 
 
 1809.— A writer in the Agricultural Journal 
 of the Cape of Good Hope says: "A feature 
 Worthy of nole is that Bredasdorp openei 
 the new industry of ostrich farming, as in 
 The spring o" l,sr,9 the first lot of chicks 
 were domesticated witn remarkable success 
 on the farm of Zoetendal's Vallei. where the 
 wild ostrich ,was to be seen stalking the 
 ;lovvns in large flocks. It was of these birds, 
 twenty-one in all, of which one of the Duke 
 of Edinburgh's party shot one by mistal-.e 
 near the yard, taking them for wild birds, 
 after the Duke had bagged a fine wild cock 
 not far off." 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 49 
 
 1809. — Downing's "Fruits and Fruit Trees 
 of America," published this yefir, mentions 
 more than I'^'t' varieties of peaches in this 
 country, a'so 970 varieties of pears. 
 
 McA I>I'INI'; — Cliampion Brown Swiss vow 
 at the Illino'is State Kair. 1906. ijwnetl and 
 exhibited by K. M. Barton, of Hinsdale, 111. 
 
 186!*.- -In the autumn of this year one l)Ull 
 and seven heifers received in Massachusetts 
 of the Kiowii Swiss herd represent the 
 earliest American arrivals of these cattle. 
 
 1869. — The first eommeroial orchard in 
 the Southwest planted live miles west of 
 i-^pringfield. Mo., by Hon. Ira S. Haseltine. 
 It consisted tlien of ninety acres, and in- 
 creased until 2,0r'0 acres or more of apple 
 orchards were planted liy this family. 
 
 1869. — The disease first called dikkop. 
 later known as wire worm, developed to an 
 alarming- extent among-st sheep and goats in 
 South .\frica. kiUiner eia-hty to ninety per 
 cent, of lamlis and kids. 
 
 1869. — A count of cheese factories showed 
 1.000 or more to be operated in the United 
 States. 
 
 1869. — James T. Worthington published 
 a "Manual of Fiwr Culture in the Northern 
 and Middle States. It was issued at Chilli- 
 cothe. Ohio. 
 
 1869. — On December l.">lh the Kansas City 
 Pomolojrical Society wa= incorporated, the 
 frst President being William Tanner, of 
 l^eav en worth. This was changed later to 
 the Kansas .?tate Horticultural Society. 
 
 1869. May. — Mr. J. H. Sanders began the 
 publication of the monthly Western Sto^k 
 .Jouinal. i sued at Sigourney, Iowa, after- 
 wards consolidated with the National l.,ive 
 Stoiii Jaurnal. 
 
 1869. — Diehl i*i Brown, of Ohio, imported 
 135 Angora s:i»ats. 
 
 1869. -Extensive markets and abaltoir.s nf 
 i.a Vilette, cou'-entrating the seven li\ e 
 stock markets near Paris, France, were 
 opened in th!s year. 
 
 1869. — London Smithfield Club beef cattle 
 rham|)ions for previous thirty-three years 
 were as follows: Shorthorns, fourteen times; 
 .V iierdeen-Aneu?, nine; Crosses, four: Devons, 
 three: and Herefords, three. 
 
 1869.--HiKhcst wheat, in August, $1.4fi; 
 lowest, in December, TOM: cents. 
 
 1869, Septe.^iber. — A successful shipment 
 of dressed beef to Boston in a refrigerator 
 car made by D. W. Davis of Detroit, Midi.; 
 sa'd to he the beginning of the dressed-beef 
 industry. 
 
 1870.- In this yi-ar was the first recorded 
 export of cotton-seed oil, amounting to 
 S>]4.;Hfi in value. This increased to $2,514,- 
 iO" in -:S7S 
 
 1870. — The .Superintendent of the United 
 States Census of this year mentions corn 
 selling at yo cents a bushel in New England, 
 and being burned for fuel in Iowa: wheat 
 ."-elling at !?1."S per bush':>l in New York and 
 15 cents in Minnesota; beef bringing $T.iin 
 J.er hun Ired on the hoof in the East and at 
 the same time cattle being slaughtered for 
 thejr hides in Texas. 
 
 1870. — In this year a large cargo of live 
 cattle was exported from a Southern Texas 
 port to Glasgow. Scotland, and only 15 per 
 cent, arrived. These shipments became more 
 regular afterwards, but the shipping ex- 
 
 penses were advanced to $4,S.66 per head 
 and the trade was closed on that account. 
 
 1870. — Mr. Emerson, of Mountain View, 
 .s^anta Clara county, introduced pure-bred 
 Molstein cattle into the state of California. 
 
 1870. — Lord F'alrnouth v\on the Kngrlish 
 F)er)>y with Kingcraft, by King Tom, in 
 -15. I'alnierton was second in a field of 
 lil'teen starter.s. 
 
 1870. — In this year oleomarffarine was in- 
 
 xinted by a Frenchman named Mcgemouries. 
 1870. — The first Japanese plum to grow in 
 I his country, the Kelsey, was introduced in 
 this year. 
 
 1870. — John Reber, of Lancaster, Ohio, be- 
 wail the work of importing Clydesdale horses 
 into the United States. 
 
 1870. — United States Census reported 
 2,65y,yS5 farms in the United iStates, an in- 
 crease of 615,908 I'arms in ten years. 
 
 1870. — George Waring, farmer and sani- 
 tary engineer, introduced the Trophy 
 tomato, I he result of twenty-three years' 
 careful selection. 
 
 1870. — Clark & Green, of Jefferson county. 
 New York, made an exhibit of Cheshire 
 swine at the St. Louis Fair, and won $500 
 offered by pork packers for the best herd 
 for packers' use. 
 
 1870. — Bel.i;ran draft liorses imported by 
 
 Alassion & Son, of Minonk, III. 
 
 1870. — Brown Swiss cattle first imported 
 by H. M. Clarke, of Belmont, Mass. 
 
 1870.-— More than 80 per cent, of the 
 sheep in the United States were of Merino 
 blond. 
 
 1870. June Sth. — Daniel McMillan sale of 
 Shorthorns at Xenia. Ohio. Seventy-four 
 cattle averaged $864.60 per head. 
 
 1870. — First large prune orchard planted 
 at San Jose, Calif. 
 
 1870. — ^%\'illiam Deering, of the state of 
 Maine, arrived in Chicago, and with J. D. 
 Easter as partner established the great agri- 
 cultural implement factory which now bears 
 his name, inanufacturing the Marsh Har- 
 vester and the Whittington Wire Binder. 
 
 MR. WILLIAM DEERING. one of the 
 founders of the farm-machine industry and 
 for many years a great manufacturer. Born 
 April. 1S26, at South Paris, Maine; died 
 December, 1913. 
 
 1870. — One of the greatest show yard con- 
 test in history — Shorthorns at the St. Louis 
 Fair. Colonel Wm. -S. King, of Minneapolis, 
 Minn., winner of the herd prize, defeating 
 Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky. 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1870. — The census of this year shows the 
 «Aveet p«ta(o croj^ of the United States to be 
 21,T09,S24 bushels — Vermont producing only 
 no bushels. 
 
 1870. — Center of the number of farms in 
 the United iStates, thirty-one miles east- 
 northeast of Cincinnati, in Brown county, 
 Ohio. 
 
 1870. — Introduction of "new process" of 
 reducing wheat to flour at Minneapolis, 
 Minn. J.arse influence in opening up spring- 
 wheat section of the Northwestern States to 
 settlement. 
 
 1870. — The Union Colony settled at 
 Clreeley, Colo., bes'an irrigathig. 
 
 1870, November 1st. — First systematical 
 weather bulletin issued by the United States 
 Signal Service. Tvv'enty-four stations re- 
 ported. 
 
 1870. — ^Cen. Charles P. Stone, an American 
 ser\ing in the army of the Khedive of 
 E'gypt, sent shoots of the Date Falm to 
 Southern California. 
 
 1870. — In this year Nutwood, 2:18%, was 
 foaled at Woodburn Farm, Ky. He was a 
 noted sire of standard speed and greatly 
 distinguished as a brood mare sire. Ev 
 .Tanuary, IDOfi, hi.-! daughters had produced 
 21)8 performers with records in standard 
 time, of which number 200 were trotters. 
 No other stallion has nearly so good a 
 record. 
 
 1870. — Center of United States population, 
 forty-eight miles east of north of Cincin- 
 nati. Ohio. 
 
 1870, November 17th. — First beet-sugar 
 factory in California opened on the farm of 
 E. F. Dyer, of Alvarado, Alameda county, 
 by the California Beet Sugar Company. The 
 stockholders vvere: C. I. Hutchinson, Flint, 
 Bixby & Co., T. G. Phelps, E. H. Dyer, E. 
 R. Carpenter, El F. Dyer, W. B. Carr, W. T. 
 Garratt, E. G. Ilolins, all of California, an<l 
 A. D. Bonesteel, A Otto and Ewald Klinean, 
 of AA iscon=in. 
 
 1870. — Ivowest wheat, in April, 73 V4 cents: 
 highest, in .July, $1.31 1/2. 
 
 1871. — Baron Rothschild's horse, Favoriu.s, 
 captured the English Derby, Albert Victor 
 and King of the Forest running a dead heat 
 for second place. Time, 2:50. 
 
 1871. — Great year of the Texas cattle 
 drives to Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Wy- 
 oming and Montana. About fiOO,000 cattle 
 went north on the various trails. 
 
 1871. — The National IJve Stock .Tournal of 
 lanuary, 1S71, contains a write-up from 
 Duchess Farmer of the largest emporium 
 for live stoek but one in the United States. 
 This emporium was owned liy tne New York 
 Central and Hudson River Railroad at West 
 .Albany, N. Y. The yards were constructed 
 to accommodate 8,000 cattle and 10,200 
 sheep. Tlie pens for hogs contained 1,14 1,- 
 000 square feet. The article concludes by 
 saying that 3.000 cattile are often sold, 
 weighed, paid for and shipped within the 
 space of three and one-half hours. 
 
 I871.--At the Weehawken (N. J.) Stock 
 Yards, way back in the past, tliey charged 
 forty cents yardage on Te.\as cattle. .\ 
 newspaper called tlie Globe said in January, 
 1871: "Those cattle from Texas have wide- 
 spreadine- liorns and look lean and lank. 
 It would be inipossiVile to fatten such 
 creatures or cut a tender steak from them." 
 This Itetn was discovered in an investigation 
 of the cattle trade of the United States, 
 and is an example of old-time conditions. 
 Texas cattle were shipped all the way from 
 the range country to Weehawken, N. .J., and 
 were shrunk of their fat In transit and 
 eaten up by expenses. This accounts for the 
 immense number of beef cattle that net 
 their owners but $10 per head on t^e home 
 ranges. 
 
 1871. — Lowest wheat, in August, 92% 
 cents; highest, in February, April and Sep- 
 tember. 11.3 2. 
 
 1871, December 2Sth. — Formal opening of 
 the foreign cattle market at Deptford, near 
 London, England, mainly for receipt of 
 cattle from the continent of Europe. 
 
 1871. — Golden Eagle, one of the eigiit 
 races of corn, recognized by the Illinois Corn 
 Breeders' Association, originated this year 
 with H. B. Perry, of Toulon. 111. 
 
 1871.— The American Trotting Register 
 
 started by J. H. Wallace in New York. 
 
 1871, June 1st. — The first opening of the 
 Kansas City Stock Yards as a live stock 
 market. First President, James F. Joy; 
 Superintendent, J. G. Smith; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, Geo. N. Altman. Receipts for" 
 seven months O'f 1871 were 120,827 cattle, 
 41,036 hogs, 4,527 sheep and SOO horses and 
 mules. 
 
 1871. — In April of this year the National 
 I.,ive Stock Journa.l of Chicago contained an 
 item which commences by saying that Texas 
 has 500,000 inhabitants and 2,000,000 head 
 of cattle. It mentions the rancii of Col. 
 Kichard King, who owned 65,111 cattle, 
 10,000 liorses, etc. The article concludes by 
 saying: "A steer is worth about $10 in 
 Texas." 
 
 1871. — "Billy Atlanta," famous Angora 
 male, killed by accident, at ten years old 
 was sire of 2,000 kids, and was sweepstakes 
 winner during his entire life. Owned by 
 VVm. Landrum, of San Joaquin county, Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 1871, September. — National JAve Stock 
 •Fournal established at Chicago by John P. 
 Reynolds and George P. Rust. 
 
 (MIUDSMITH'S M.MD. 
 
 1871, September fith. — Goldsmith's Maid 
 placed the trotting record at 2:17 at Mil- 
 waukee, Wis., driven by Budd Doble. She 
 was sired bv Abdallah, 15, her dam Ab, by 
 Abdallah, 1. 
 
 IST2. — In a l)Ook entitled "One Hundred 
 Years of American Commerce," by Hon. 
 r^hauncty M. Depew, a chapter by Philip 
 O. Armour mentions this year as the first of 
 consequence in summer pork packing, there 
 being SO.'jOOO hogs packed in the summer 
 season of that year. 
 
 1872. — In this year the first commercial 
 organization of packers of canned goods met 
 in convention m Pliiladelphia. 
 
 1873 June 0th. — In a race against time. 
 Goldsmith's Maid reduced the world's trot- 
 ting record to 2:16%. 
 
 1873. — In November of this year the first 
 north-bound shipments of Texas beef cattle 
 were shipped from Denison to the Chicago 
 market. The route was by the M., K. & T. 
 Railway to Hannibal, thence to Chicago. 
 The first shipment consisted of fifty-five 
 cars, thrt principal shipper being Jerry EUlis, 
 of San Antonio. Mr. John G. Taylor repre- 
 sented the railroad interest as live stock 
 agent of the M., K. cS: T. and C, B. & Q. 
 Systems. 
 
 1872. — From this year dates the cattle- 
 ranching period in what is called the Pecos 
 river country In Texas. John Chisum, a 
 pioneer ranchman, and the only one distin- 
 guished by having a trail named after him, 
 was the one cowman known to ranching on 
 the Pecos at that time. 
 
 1872. — The National Swine Breeders' Con- 
 vention mentions one family of pigs, known 
 as Victorias, originated with Colonel Frank 
 D. Curtis, of Kirby Homestead, Chariton, 
 Saratoga county, N. Y., referred to as Curtis 
 Victorias. Descended from a sow called 
 Queen Victoria. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 51 
 
 1873. — Olive oil first made in California at 
 Santa Barbara. 
 
 1873. — Poland-China swine officially adopted 
 l)y the National Swine Breeders' Convention. 
 
 1872. — I''or the second successive time a. 
 horse sired by Parmesan won the KiikIii^Ii 
 Derby. This year it was Oremorne, the 
 property of a Mr. Saville. The time was 
 l':45'4. Pell Mell came In second. 
 
 1872. — 'National Swine Breeders' Conven- 
 tion mentioned description of Neapolitan 
 Iiogr, a few being^ in this country. 
 
 1872, SepteniVier fith. — Earl Dunmore's 
 cattle, forty-eight Sliorthorns, sold at an 
 average of $],:;50 ])er head. 
 
 1873. — National Swine Breeders' Conven- 
 tion mentions description of American 
 Suffolk swine. 
 
 1873, NoveiTioer 17th. — Permanent National 
 organization of Anierioan Kliortliorn Breed- 
 ers. First ofticials elected: President. Dr. A. 
 C. Stevenson, of Greencastle, Ind. ; Vice- 
 Presidents, Wm. Warfleld, of Lexington, 
 Ky. ; and Hon. David Christy, of Paris, 
 Canada; Treasurer. John G. Dunn, of 
 Ijondon, Ohio; Secretary, B. H. Campbell, of 
 Batavi.a, Hi. 
 
 1872. — Klgin Uoanl of Trade organized. 
 Establishes weekly butter quotations in the 
 j^lgin district and has great influence in 
 regulating the price of butter production in 
 the United States. 
 
 1873. — ^Mr. P. M. I^aPrice introduced a 
 valuable greenish-j ellow sug^ar eane into 
 Louisiana troni the Eastern hemisphere. 
 
 1873. — Lowest wiieat, in November, $1.01; 
 highest, in August, $1.61. 
 
 1873, January.- -Daily Drovers' Journal 
 founded at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
 by Harvey L. (ioodall. 
 
 1873. — ^In this year Florida oranges began 
 to arrive at the New York Produce 
 Market, some of the earliest arrivals being 
 consigned lo \^' alter Carr & Co. For several 
 years the price of these fine oranges was 
 $0.00 per box. In the beginning it is said 
 that a large number of irresponsible dealers 
 obtained consignments of oranges for which 
 they made no returns. A book entitled 
 "Annals of Horticulture" says: "It is un- 
 O.oabtedlly true that the fruit growers were 
 swindled right and left, so that it is no 
 wonder they looked about for a remedy, and 
 soon after the Florida Fruit Exchange (now 
 the greatest fruit organization in the world) 
 entered the field, and to-day stands at the 
 head." 
 
 1873. — In this year a shipment of dresse«l 
 beet was made from Deni.son, Texas, to New 
 York City. The parties to the experiment 
 were John G. Taylor, liive Stock Agent M., 
 K. & T. Kailway; John Bates & Bro., 
 bankers, 52 Wall street. New York; George 
 K. liankin, owner of an ice machine at 
 Denison, Texas; and Geo. H. Hammond, beef 
 packer, of Hammond, Ind. Four lloads of 
 cattle bought by Mr. Taylor were slaugh- 
 tered by a butcher named Quinn and placed 
 in refrigerator cars, which were imperfect 
 in construction. Although the train was 
 delayed .and behind a wreck at Parsons, 
 Kas., and went to New Y'ork via Chicago, 
 the meat arrived in good condition. Defec- 
 tive cars and poor icing communications 
 interfered with later shipments, and the 
 death of Mr. John Bates put an end to the 
 experiment. 
 
 1873. — "In this year the railroad companies 
 of the United States demanded payinent in 
 liind for the carriage of corn, and it appears 
 e.xacted in some cases as much as two 
 bushels for the transport of one." This 
 statement was made in the Republic Fran- 
 calse, a BVench paper, them reviewing 
 American agriculture, and said: "Owing to 
 the scarcity of live stock ro fertilize the 
 farms, the grangers of the Far West will 
 soon exhaust the soil, and the exaggerated 
 V>rodiiction of corn in the Far West will not 
 last forever." 
 
 1873. — In this year the St. Louis Slaugh- 
 tering: and Rendering Company opened up 
 for business. It was located opposite the 
 Pacific Stock Y'ards, on the Manchester 
 Iload. Mr. Joseph Mulhall w.as President, 
 and the capital slock was $500,000. Before 
 the days of cold storage and refrigeration 
 
 this was one of the greatest Western 
 slaughtering plants. 
 
 I87;{. — In this year M. Goffart successfully 
 kept maize as ensilage. He is generally 
 (:oiiitcd with lieltig the originator of the 
 
 Slid. 
 
 1873. — Mendel's eolleetion of orchids, 
 
 offered in the spring of this vear, sold in 
 England as high as £20, £10, and one plant 
 15!) 17s., the returns for the whole collec- 
 tion being £4.3G1. 
 
 1873. — Henry Evans. Jr., of Baltimore, 
 fitted up a cannery for canning sweet corn, 
 
 which after'.var<ls was sold to Mr. E. 10 
 Sears and successfully run to be (he largest 
 sugar corn factory in the East in the hands 
 of his widow, Mrs. Sears. 
 
 1873. — ^On March 3d Oongres.-* passed an 
 act to reeulate the shipping oif live stock, 
 familiarly called the twenty-eight-hour law. 
 It required all stock in transit to be un- 
 loaded, fed and watered every twenty-eight 
 Uou's, unless transported in cars, boats or 
 other vessels, where they could be properlv 
 I'ed, watered and rested. 
 
 1873. — Doncaster. owned by Mr. Merry, 
 tool; the English Derby in a small field of 
 twelve .starters, the time being 2:50. Don- 
 >aster was sired by Stockwell. A dead heat 
 for second place resulted between Gang 
 Forward and Kaiser. 
 
 1873. — George Grant, of Victoria. Kas., im- 
 ported three Aberdeen-Angus bulls. 
 
 1873. — First importation of Red Polled 
 ••attle into the United States by G. P. Taber. 
 nf Paterson, N. J. 
 
 1873. — ^Dr. Wm. McMurtrie, Chemist of the> 
 Department of A.^riculture, commenced in- 
 vestigation to determine suitable loeationri 
 (or production of the sugar beet. 
 
 1873. — Aberdeen-Angus cattle imported 
 from Scotland by Mr. Grant, of Victoria, 
 Kansas. 
 
 1873, August 9th, ^Hubbard, the great race 
 horse, established the two and three-quarter 
 mile record at 4:58%. which stands to-day 
 us the greatest performance of its kind. 
 Uubbard was by Planet. 
 
 1873, September 10th. — Shorthorn cattle 
 sale at New York Mills. 110 head .sold for 
 j:3.'^3,000. or an average of a tritle over 
 ?3,'1S2 per head. 
 
 1873, September 10th. — .Seven-year-old 
 Shorthorn bull Second Duke of Oneida, sold 
 by Walcott & Campbell, of New York Mills, 
 to T. J. Megibben for $12,000. 
 
 1873, September 10th. — (Seven-year-old 
 Shorthorn cow. Eighth Duchess of Geneva, 
 sold at New York Mills lo R. Pavin Davis, 
 
 of tlngland, for $10,000. 
 
 1873, S?ptember 10th. — ^Seven-year-old 
 Shorthorn eow. Tenth Duchess of Geneva, 
 sold at New Y'ork Mills by W'alcott & 
 Campbell to Earl Bective for $35,000. 
 
 1873, September 10th. — Two-year-old 
 Shorthorn eow. First Duchess of Oneida, 
 sold at New York Mills by Walcott & Camp- 
 bell to Lord Skelmersdale for $30, COO. 
 
 1873, September 17th. — At Sacramento, 
 (~"alif., Occident establishes a world's trot- 
 ting record in 2:16%. 
 
 1873, November 19th. — The St. Louis Na- 
 tional Stock Vardn were officially opened as 
 !i live stock market, although some stock 
 had been receiivel and handled as early 
 during the year as the latter part of June. 
 The first ofiicers were: A. M. Allerton, Pres- 
 ident and R. M. Moore, Secretary and Treas- 
 urer. The first Board of Directors was 
 oom posed of A.. M. Allerton, T. C. Eastman, 
 John B. Dutcher, Alexander M. White, 
 Andrew Pierce, Augustus Schell, A-zariah 
 Boodl, Oscar Townsend, John B. Bowman, 
 E. W. Woodward and William R. McKeen. 
 
 1873.— At the clo.se of this year 397 places 
 were enumerated as containing one or moi'e 
 pork-packing establishments. 
 
 1873. — A herd of fat beef cattle from the 
 range oi^ Mofttana. driven by a Mr. Forbes to 
 Ogden, iTtah, and shipped to Chicago. The 
 cattle were ranged by Conrad Kohrs in the 
 Sun River country. 
 
 1873. — Paris green first used as a spray 
 for fruit trees about this time. 
 
52 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1873. — I^owest wheat, in September, S9 
 cens; highest, in July, .11-46. 
 
 1874. — In this year the Wyoiriins Cattlo 
 Growers' Association was organized. 
 
 1874.--Mr. Cartwright's hon.se George 
 Frederick captured the I]ng:lish Derby in 
 the time of 2;4fi. George Fredericlv wa.s 
 sired by Mar.syas. The winner of .second 
 was Couronne de Fer. 
 
 1874. — In February, the National I^ive 
 'Stock Journal reported pure-blood Shorthorn 
 bulls sold to Texas cattle raiwers who.se 
 names are mentioned here: Capt. E. R. Stiff, 
 of McKinney, Collin county; Capt. Richard 
 Carr, also of Collin county; Capt. A. H. 
 Shoemaker, of Decatur, Wise county; Capt. 
 \V\m. A. Rheea, of Collin county; John D. 
 Merchant and Elijah Einberson, of Denton 
 county; Gilles Flippin, .Samuel Skinner, Geo. 
 Herndon and H. M. Porvin, all of Denton 
 county; and D. C Joidan, of Montague 
 county. The importation was by W. R. 
 Duncan, of McKinney, Texas. 
 
 1874. — M. W. Dunham established an im- 
 porting and breeiling farm for Peroheron 
 liorses in DuPage county, Illinois. 
 
 1874.- — First cotton-seed oil mill in Louisi- 
 ana established at New Orleans. 
 
 1874, July Ist. — \t a meeting held at 
 Willis's Rooms, London, England, under the 
 Presidency of the Duke of Devonshire, to 
 consider the retirement of Mr. Henry Staf- 
 ford as publisher of the Shorthorn Herd 
 Book, a Shorthorn Society was formed, 
 which, among other duties, undertook the 
 7Tiaintaining and yearly issue of the Herd 
 Book. 
 
 1874.— Mr. H. F. Euren, of Norfolk, 
 established the Knj^lish Ked Tolled Herd 
 Book. 
 
 1874, July I'Uh. — Three-quarters of a 
 second was t.aken off the world's trotting 
 record, which liad stood for two years, by 
 Goldsmith's Maid at East Saginaw, Mich. 
 This was in a race. The same year, against 
 time, she further reduced it twice, the first 
 time to 2:15iA at Buffalo, N. Y., August 
 7th, and later at Mystic Park, Boston, Sep- 
 tember 2d, to 2:11. Two full seconds were 
 clipped off during this year, and all by the 
 great daughter of Abdallah, 15. 
 
 1874. — Colonel Wm. S. King Shorthorns at 
 Dexter Park, Chicago, May 21st. Seventy- 
 nine animals sold for an average of $l,6:i8 
 per head. 
 
 1874. — Lowest wheat, in October, 81% 
 cents; highest, in April, $1.28. 
 
 1874. — Herd Book of So-ith Wales cattle 
 issued. The "Castle Martins," or Black 
 Cattle or South Wales. 
 
 1874. — The Buffalo cattle market received 
 504,.jfl4 cattle in JS74 and shipped out 468.- 
 f. 21 of them. At that time Buffalo was the 
 second largest live stock market, receiving 
 r.04,594 cattle, 1,431,800 hogs, 783,800 sheep 
 and 21,936 horses. In 1866 Chicago passed 
 Buffalo in cattle and hog receipts but not 
 in sheep and horse receipts' until inueh 
 later. 
 
 1874. — First American Galloway Herd 
 Book issued in Canada, bouglit in 1883 by 
 American Galloway Breeders' Association 
 and brought to the United States. 
 
 1874. — The Cultivator and Country Gen- 
 tleman, issue O'f October 29th, said: "English 
 papers mention the arrival at Liverpool of 
 270 head of cattle from America, by 
 steamer, to be disposed of in the Liverpool 
 market. The appearance of the cattle is 
 spoken of as excellent. They weighed 1,800 
 to 2,000 pounds, .and realized froni seventeen 
 to twenty-nine pounds in English money. 
 They sold for $82.28 to $140.36 per head in 
 American money." 
 
 1874, August J 3th. — Mambrina Gift be- 
 comes the first 2:20 stallion by trotting the 
 mile in that time at Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 1874. — English Christmas beef was men- 
 tioned in English papers of December, 1874, 
 as being the highest in thirty years. The 
 figures mentioned were from 14% to 22 ',4 
 cents per pound. 
 
 1874.— Alex No. 1, a Poland-China boar, 
 and one of the earliest high-bred animals of 
 the breed, sold by W. W. Greer, of Oxfiord, 
 Ohio, to Klever Bios,, of Bloomsburg, Ohio. 
 
 ^\.\I.K ()\ i:i; I'()L.\N1)-CHINA TEAR- 
 LING BOAR. Cliuiiipiun Indiana State Fair, 
 190.5. Exliibited by Pumphrey Bros., of 
 Burney, Ind. 
 
 1874. — F. B. Redfield, of Batavia, N. Y., 
 imported Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 
 
 18«'5. — ^The Butrnan, originated by Mr. 
 Clarendon Futman, of Maine, was the 
 result of crossing the Hubbard squash with 
 a Japanese race. It was the first American 
 squash. 
 
 1875, February 25th. — American Berkshire 
 .Association organized at Springfield, 111. 
 First organization to systematically record 
 pedigrees of this breed. 
 
 1875. — ^Prince Batthyany won the Snglish 
 Uerb.v with tlie horse Gallopin, a son of 
 A'edette. the time being 2:48. Claremont 
 was second. 
 
 1875, August 25th. — Two-year-old Short- 
 horn bull, Duke of Connaught, sold at Dun- 
 more, S'cotland, by Earl Dunmore to Lord 
 Fitzhardinge for $26,904. 
 
 1875. — Bailey's Shorthorn Reporter issued 
 from oifice oi Mr. Allen, proprietor of the 
 Shorthorn Herd Book. 
 
 1875. — Dispersion sale of Shorthorn herd of 
 Wm. Torr, deceased, tenant farmer of Ayles- 
 Tiy, En.gland. Mr. Torr once said: "It takes 
 thirty years to make a herd and bring it to 
 one's notion of perfection." His eighty-five 
 animals sold for .'?243,144.57, an average of 
 $2,860.52 per head. 
 
 1875, 4ugust 25th. — Earl Dunmore, of Stir- 
 ling, Scotl.and, scld thirty-nine head of 
 Shorthorns for $3,289 per head, including a 
 bull, the Duke of Connaught, for $26,904. 
 Highest prices were for oattle descended 
 frori! American Shorthorns. 
 
 1875, October 14th. — ^B. B. Groom & Son, 
 of Winchester, Ky., imported Bates-bred 
 Shorthorn cattle and held sale of these and 
 others. Seventy-three head averaged $1,691 
 per hea.d. 
 
 1875. — ^First regularly organized E.xperi- 
 ment Station in the United States established 
 by the '-tate of Connecticut. 
 
 1875. — ^I^owest wheat, S3V» ,cent,p, in Febru- 
 ary; highest, in August, $1.30 J/o. 
 
 1875. — In the Cultivator and Country 
 Gentleinan of February, 1875, Hon. George 
 Geddes, writing in regard to the cost of 
 beef, said: "Within a mile of my own house 
 lives a man who kills about fifty beef cattle 
 every week. He Ijuys them in Buffalo and 
 brings them by rail to Syracuse, then drives 
 them to his own farin, there slaughters 
 them and .sells their meat in Syracuse. 
 Most of the.se cattle have long, wide horns 
 and are called Clierokee cattle. They aver- 
 aged in live weight from 1,000 to 1,100 
 pounds and kill remarkably well, having 
 lost in their long journey much of the 
 fluids that helped to make up their weight 
 where they were raised." The average cost 
 to the buyer was four cents per pound at 
 Buffalo. He sold the beef at nine cents per 
 pound, the hide and tallow at current prices. 
 Speakin.g of the New York farmers, Mr. 
 tleddes said: 'Our farmers have found that 
 to raise a steer to be three years old and 
 more and sell his ineat at nine or ten cents 
 per pound is losing money, and they leave 
 the production of beef for our own inarkets 
 to Texas, the Cherokee Indians, or whoever 
 may like to do th.at kind of business." 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 53 
 
 1875. — ^Southern-grown vegeta))les appear- 
 ing in Northprn markets hesan to l\;ive im- 
 portant effect about this lime. causini^ 
 Northern growers to u.se more foroing 
 house.s m competition with them. 
 
 1875. — First shipment of Ainerican fresh 
 beef to England by Timothy C. Eastman, ot" 
 New York, in October of this year. 
 
 1875. — Dr. Manley Miles built the first 
 American silo for the storage of green 
 fodder. 
 
 1875. — Professor Carl Unde invented the 
 ammonia compression machine, the ba.sis 
 of successful modem refrigeration. 
 
 1875. — An era of specialization in flower 
 Knowing assumed considerable importance at 
 this time. 
 
 1875. — On January 20th of this year, 
 .lohn B. Sherman, Superintendent of the 
 ChicaKo Union Stock Yards', offered the 
 use of Dexter Park Pavilion, when not 
 otherwise occupied, for the purpose of 
 holding public sal«}s of pure-bred stock. In 
 order to prevent confusion in the inatter of 
 dates, such sales were to be under the 
 management of Geo. W. Rust & Co., pro- 
 prietors of the National I^ive Stock Journal, 
 which was the leading live stock paper in 
 the United States during that period. 
 
 1875. — In this year Mr. J. Moon, of Pey- 
 tonville, Ark., selected seed from a single 
 filant now called the Moon variety of long- 
 staple upland cotton. 
 
 1875. — First American Agricultural Kx- 
 periment Station begun by Wesleyan Uni- 
 \ersity, Middletown, Conn. 
 
 IST.I. — Preparing ensilage begun in this 
 country, though the Roman writers show 
 that the process Is a very old one. 
 
 1875. — R. W. Wilson, of California, planted 
 fifty acres in beets, onions, lettuce and car- 
 rots for seed purposes. First systematio 
 development of the seed-growing industry 
 on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 1875, April l!th. — .\dvance, Hereford bull, 
 bred by T. L. Miller, first bull recorded in 
 .'\merican Hereford P.ecord. His sire. Suc- 
 cess, 5,031, .an imported bull was recorded 
 No. 2. 
 
 1875. April 14th. — Sale of Shorthoras first 
 held at West f^iberty, Iowa, by Mr. W. S. 
 .Jacobs- Eighty-three cattle averaged $611. 
 
 1875, .\pril 27th. — J. H. Pickrell sale of 
 il^horthorn cattle. Twenty-three sold at an 
 average of $1,265 per head. 
 
 1875, July. — The famous Poland-China 
 boar. Perfection, 447, bought by Oliver Pad- 
 dock, of Indiana, from W. C. Hankinson, of 
 Middletown, Ohio. 
 
 1875.- -Dairy farmers began to skim their 
 milk and sell only the cream to the cream- 
 eries. 
 
 CHAMPION HEREFORD COW at the 
 Live Stock Show, Buenos Ayres, South 
 America, 1906. Exhibited by Senor Pariera. 
 This picture was obtained by Mr. C. R. 
 Thoinas, Secretary of the American Here- 
 ford Association, during a visit to Argen- 
 tine. 
 
 1875, August.— At New York Mills, Almon 
 W. Oriswold sold thirty-three Shorthorns 
 for an average of $1,097 per head. 
 
 1875. — First important agricultural and 
 live slotii show .at Palermo, neat- Buenos 
 Ayres, in Sou'h America, given under the 
 ausjiices ot the Rural Society. 
 
 1876. — In this year I,. B. Harris, of Tom 
 Creen county, Teax.s, drove 75,000 cattio 
 from. Texas to Abilene, Kas., said to be the 
 largest number driven by one outfit during 
 the great days of the cattle trail. They 
 v.ere driven in different herds or bands. 
 
 1876. — Boone County White Corn, one of 
 eight recognized varieties, originated with 
 .lames Riley, of Thorntown, Ind. 
 
 1876, January 12th. — The Philadelphia 
 .Stock Vnrds Company started in busine:!s 
 this date and went out of existence Decem- 
 ber 31st, 1,S96, succeeded by the West Phlla- 
 delpliia Stock Yards Company. 
 
 1876. — Kisber, a son of Buccaneer, won the 
 English Derby, the principal contender being 
 the horse Forerunner. The time, 2:44, w.as 
 fairly fast. Kisber was owned by Mr. A. 
 Baltazzi. 
 
 1876, August 26th. — Smuggler reduces the 
 world's trotting stallion record for one mile 
 to 2:15'/; at Hartford, C:onn. 
 
 1876. — At a poultry exhibit at Bangor, 
 Maine, six white fowls were exhibited, called 
 Snow Flakes and Dirigos. They were after- 
 wards admitted to the poultry standard as 
 White Pljinouth Rocks. 
 
 1876. — It was about the year 1876 when 
 the cattle raiser obtained the benefits of 
 the beef-canning business. The salt-beef 
 trade had been very unsatisfactory for years. 
 The immense number of inferior to fair 
 grade cattle required some new outlet or 
 would be practically unsalable. In this 
 einergency George Brougham, an .-Australian, 
 arrived in Chicago, bringing with him a 
 practical knowledge of the beef-canning busi- 
 ness, which had not been previously known 
 or followed in CTiicago. Mr. A. A. Libby, of 
 the firm of Libby, McNeil & Libby, employed 
 Brougham and placed a fine article of 
 canned beef on the market, and by the year 
 1877 the firm had furnished a market <'or 
 100,000 cattle a year. The B^airbank Can- 
 ning Company and .Armour & Co. soon be- 
 came large operators in the canned-beof 
 trade. 
 
 1876. — ^The Agronomic Institute of Parts. 
 Uie highest ii^stitution giving agricultural 
 instruction in France, first opened to students. 
 
 1876. .August 10th. — The eight-year-old 
 Shorthorn bull, 14th Duke of Thorndale, sold 
 at Paris, Ky., by George M. Bedford to Levi 
 Gofi'. 
 
 1876. — Percheron-Nomian Stud Book issued, 
 afterwards ca.led the Percheron Stud Book. 
 
 1876. — At the St. Louis Fair in this year 
 Mr. Albert Rhodes, of Bridgeton, St. Louis 
 county. Mo., had 125 varieties of apples on 
 exhibition. 
 
 1876. — Herd of Shorthorns established at 
 Linwontl. Kas., by Colonel W. A. Harris. 
 
 1876.- Charles Goodnight and John G. 
 .Adair, pioneer cattle raisers in the Texas 
 Panhandle, moved there from Colorado. Mr. 
 Goodnight had previously ranged in Palo 
 I'lnto county, Texas. 
 
 1876.- -National Norman Horse Association 
 
 I'rqganized. 
 
 1876. — In the winter of this year the out- 
 fit of Causey i.^:; West operating around 
 Yellow House Canyon, killed and skinned 
 7,000 buffalo. This was the last grand stand 
 of the immense herd, several million strong, 
 that used to range between the Texas fron- 
 tier settlements and the staked plains. 
 
 1876, .September 16th. — Ten Broeck. the 
 famous race horse, established the record 
 for two and flve-ci.ghths miles at 4:58 VS. 
 This re('ord was made at the old Lexington 
 track. 
 
 1876. — In tlie fa'I of 1S76 Mr. G. F. Swift 
 shipped from Chicago to Boston two cars of 
 refrigerated beef. The establishment of the 
 ■Treat house oj' Swift * Company dates from 
 this time. The two cars went fcrward on 
 a train which was mostly made up of stock 
 cars. Dressed beef had been shipped before, 
 but tills shipment \\as followed up immedi- 
 ately and developed into an immense trade. 
 
 1876. — John S. Harris, of California, later 
 of Oakley, Idaho, imported Angora goats. 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1876. — Beginning of low prices for cotton. 
 
 TTpland middling on New York market, 
 highest of thie year, 18% cents per pound; 
 iowesit, 10 T', cents. 
 
 1876. — The germ theoi-y of disease settled 
 and accepted by veterinarians about this 
 time. 
 
 1876. — T\\e Journal of Commerce of New 
 York, of December .■?Oth, 1S76, said that the 
 average price for the average grade of 
 beeves for the year was $11.13 per lOD 
 pounds dressed weight. The hide and tallow 
 went to the butcher. 
 
 1876. — Lowest wlieat, in July, S3 cents; 
 highest, $].?6^4, in December. 
 
 1877. — The first number of the Fann and 
 Fireside, an important and meritoiious ilUis- 
 7 rated farm and family journal, was issued 
 in this month at Springfield, Ohio. P. P. 
 Mast & Co. were proprietors; J. S. Crowell, 
 Manager; and T. .1. Kirkpatrick, Editor. 
 The paper was started as a semi-monthly at 
 r.O cents per year. 
 
 18)7. — Rutherford B. Hayes, President of 
 the United States, and served four years. 
 
 1877. — American Association of Importc-s 
 and Breeders of Belgian Draft Horses organ- 
 ized. J. D. Connor, Jr., of Wabash, Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 1877.--Tn this year Prof. E. H. Jenkins 
 began testing seeds at the Connecticut Ex- 
 periment Station. 
 
 JAMEB C. LOVING, of Lost Valley, Jack 
 county, Texas. In the organization of the 
 Northwest Texas Cattle Raisers' Association, 
 in the year 1877, the matter of suppressing 
 cattle thieve.'? on the range and the recovery 
 of stolen cattle in market was placed in the 
 hands of JAMEIS C. LOVING, Secretary, who 
 held the office for many years. Under his 
 management the association became the 
 greatest live stock organization in the United 
 States of America, first embracing the whole 
 state of Texas and later including a mem- 
 bership from Oklahoma, New Mexico and 
 Arizona. 
 
 1877, February. — The Northwestern Texas 
 Cattle Raisers' Association oranized at Gr.i- 
 ham. in Young county, with C. L. Carter, 
 President, and J. C. Loving, Secretary. Tiiis 
 organization was afterwards enlarged to in- 
 clude the whole state, becoming the Texas 
 Cattle Raisers' Association. 
 
 1877. — The Book on Swine Husbandry by 
 Hon. F. D. Coburn, of Kansas, is.sued in this 
 
 > ear. had great influence in guiding and 
 stimulating the production of hogs for 
 market. 
 
 1877, May 29th. — The classic race horse 
 'fen Broeck, a marvel of hi stime, went two 
 miles ovec the Louisville track against time 
 in 3:27 'i. It was a most phenomenal per- 
 iornance for the period. Ten Broeck was 
 by Imported I'haeton. 
 
 1«77.--Cl>'desdale Stnd Book of Scotland 
 inauguated. 
 
 1877. — Galloway .Society established in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 1877, November 0th and 10th. — First Short- 
 horn sale at K.ansas City held by T. Oorwin 
 .Anderson, of Mount Sterling, Kentucky. 
 
 1877. — ^Clydesdale Society of America or- 
 S^anized. Fir.-^t Stud Book issued in 18S2. 
 
 1877. — Mr. LeDuc. Commissioner of Agri- 
 culture, introduced the "Zevinga." a Japanese 
 variety of sugar cane, into the United States. 
 
 1877. — Great Eastern, bay gelding, by Wal- 
 kiU, dam Hamill mare, by Riley's Consterna- 
 tion, msde the mile trotting record under 
 saddle of 2:15, which record stands to-day, 
 this fa.shion o fracing having fallen into 
 disuse. 
 
 1877. — Lowest wheat, in August, $1.01 y.; 
 highest, in May, .$ 1.761/,. 
 
 1877.- -In September of this year a herd of 
 cattle was driven from Yankton, Dakota, to 
 the Cheyenne River Agency, thirty-five iniles 
 ahovp Fort Pierre, for the purpose of dis- 
 tributing them to the Indians to replace the 
 jionies which had been captured from them 
 ill the campaign following the Custer mas- 
 sacre. The herd consisted of five bulls and 
 .'.;.0 two-yearold heifers. The officer receiv- 
 ing ana delivering the cattle under contract 
 was Lieutenant F. W. Mansfield, Eleventh 
 United States Infantry, and the herd was in 
 rharge of Mr. Philip H. Hale, editor of The 
 History of .Agriculture by Dates, who was 
 then an employe of the United States Quar- 
 lermaster'.-^ Department. This was the be- 
 irinning of domestic cattle raising on the 
 part of the Indians of the Northwest. 
 
 1S77.--T oi-d FalmoutVi's Silvio won the 
 lOng'isli Derb.v, liis principal contender being 
 Glen .Arthur, which finished second. Silvio 
 x\as sired by Blair Athol. The tiine was 2:50. 
 
 1877. — The Champaign County Gazette of 
 Illinois, of October, 1,S77, reports the sale of 
 7 00 head of grass-fed steers by Mr. B. F. 
 Harris to Monroe & Son, of Albany, N. Y.. 
 iif whicii the firsi 400 head shipped averaged 
 1,450 pounds, the others, equally as good, to 
 follow. The report at the time was that Mr. 
 Harris so'.d the steers at five cents per 
 iiound, live weight, delivered at the railway 
 station. 
 
 1877. — In this year the Chicago Drovers' 
 .Tournal mentioned that an enterprising can- 
 ning firm had received an order from the 
 IJussian governmtnt for every can of beef 
 (hey could put up in a year. This was the 
 beginning of the large orders which packers 
 have occasionally obtained to clear away the 
 inferior grades of cattle and which could not 
 be bought for any other purpose. 
 
 1877, October. — Tom Corwin, 571, one of 
 the (ar'y famous Poland-China boars, ijought 
 by W. O. Peveal, of Clermont, Ind., of James 
 Duflield, of Somerville, Ohio. 
 
 1878. — The National Live Stock Journal 
 mentioned a Champaign county (Illinois) 
 farmer who in April, 1.S7S, bought a lot of 
 t,040-p<)und steers for $3.75 per 100 pounds 
 as feeders and returned them to the Chicago 
 market, December 10th of the same year, 
 weighing 1.4S0 pounds. He sold thein at 
 S4.12V^ per 100 pounds. This was before the 
 dressed-beef houses were in the business. 
 
 1878, August 3d. — 'After four years of 
 reign as Queen of the Trotting Turf, Gold- 
 smith's Maid was dethroned by Rarus. who, 
 driven b.v .lohn Splan, at Buffalo. N. Y., 
 brought the trotting record to 2:13%. He 
 was a bay e-eiding by Conklin's Abdallah, his 
 dam by Telegraph. 
 
 1878. — The Pictot Artificial Ice Company 
 fitted up a building in Greenwich street. 
 New York City, for the purpose of holding 
 fruits in cold storage for the people. 
 
 1878. August 7th. — Sleepy George makes 
 a world's record bj' pacing a mile in 2:15 at 
 : Rochester, N. Y. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 55 
 
 1878. — Galloway Society of Scotland pub- 
 lished (irst volume of pedlRrees. 
 
 1878. — The liamanas rose sent to America 
 trom Japan oy Thomas Hogg about this 
 time. 
 
 U01,L\ lilAJOM — (jueuihe> cow. One of 
 the mo.st famous of that great dairy breed. 
 
 1878. — American Guernsey Cattle Club or- 
 
 tranizecl in this year. 
 
 1878. — English Shire Horse Society formed 
 and a stud book provided for. 
 
 1878. — First American Fat Stock Show. 
 Champion beet animal, the Shorthorn steer 
 John Slierman, exhibited by Colonel John D. 
 Gillett, of Kikhart, Ind. 
 
 1878. Hog prices at Chicago, January 1st, 
 
 1S7S: lle.avy shipping hogs, .$2.75 to $2.;i5 
 per 100 pounds; heavy packing, $2.60 to 
 >2.70: light hacon grades, $2.70 to $2.75; 
 skips and culls, $;.50 to $2.25 per 100 pounds, 
 
 1878. — Young Perfection 631, one of the 
 hest I'olund-Cliina boars of his day, sold by 
 Joseph Morton, of Oxford, Ohio, to D. M. 
 Magie, of the same place. 
 
 1878.- I^owesl wheat, in October, 77 cent.s; 
 highest, in April, $1.14. 
 
 1878. — The record for .a ten-mile trotting 
 race was made by Controller, a son of Gen- 
 eral Taylor. The time was 27;23V4. and was 
 the hest, in a race since 1S53. 
 
 1878.- -Anderson t Findlay, of Lake Forest, 
 111., imported Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 
 
 1878.-Mr. .r J. Gregory, of Marblehead, 
 Mass.. an authority on the subject, esti- 
 mated 7 000 acres as the total are;i devoted 
 to commercial seed growing. 
 
 1878. — The Knglish Derby was won by Mr. 
 Crawford's horse Sefton, sired by Speculum. 
 The time was slow, being 2:56. Insulaire 
 ran a good second. 
 
 1879. — On the IMst day of October the 
 business career of the Slatador Cattle Com- 
 pany he.gan, with headquarters at Teepee 
 City, Motley county, Texas. Judge H. U. 
 (Paint) i~^rnpbell was General Manager. 
 
 1879. — The Shorthorn steer Nichols, three 
 .vears old, champion at American Fat Stfick 
 •Shovv, exhibited hy .T. H. Graves. 
 
 1879. — .'American Hereford Herd Book 
 founded at F.eecher, 111., by T. I.. MiMer. 
 
 1879. — Dark days of the Shorthorn cattle 
 breeding and speculative interests. 2,S0.5 
 Shorthorns sold at an average price of $115 
 per head. 
 
 1879. — Ijowest wheat, in January, SI 14 
 tents; highest, in December, $1.33 %■ 
 
 1879. — The Allen I.ong Staple, an upland 
 cotton introduced by Mr. J. B. Allen, of Port 
 Gibson, Miss. This caused a marked advance 
 in the development of long-staple upland 
 cotton. This variety came from a single 
 stalk of Bohemian cotton, a Louisiana variety, 
 origin unknown, and from this developed 
 several other seed cotton varieties originated 
 by Mr. Allen. 
 
 1879. — In February of this year, in the 
 Cultivator and Country Gentleman, a refer- 
 ence was made to the Chicago Live Stock 
 Reporter, which thinks that the driving of 
 Texas cattle up the trail will soon cease. 
 This opinion i? ba-sed on the fact that a 
 
 large shipment of Texas cattle had been 
 received at Chicago from S. R. Hilbourn, of 
 Waxahachic, Texas, who had fed them there 
 on Texas corn. 
 
 1879. Sir Levys, a horse by Favcrius, won 
 the KngliKh Derby for Mr. Acton. The time 
 was the slovvst in the history of this great 
 classic, being 3:02. Tlie field consisted of 
 twenty-three horses. 
 
 1879. -The National Live Stock Journal of 
 Chicago, of June. lS7!t, writing on the price 
 of lieef cattle, said that a g<ind steer would 
 sell for $5.00 per 100 pounds in Chicago, and 
 ih.at first-class steers would bring more. The 
 item began by saying there was discourage- 
 ment, depression, .sometimes present loss In 
 the production of a number of prominent 
 farm products, but cattle were an exception. 
 
 1879. — From an aimual review of the live 
 stock trade oi' ("hicago for 1S7!1: "Early in 
 the year the e.vport trade in live cattle with 
 Great Brit;iin was brought to a sudden check 
 ! y reguKations which prohibited our ship- 
 ments from entering their ports, except 
 tinder such restrictions as practically ended 
 all business in this direction, thus reducing 
 the shipments of live cattle abroad to a 
 minimum, but the increased exports of 
 dressed and canned beef bv the refrigerator 
 system have fully made up the dificit." 
 
 1879. --The date -f the opening of the prin- 
 cipal becf-pac\ing liouses is a very import- 
 ant item, lipcause there begins the general 
 stability of the beef trade. Nelson Morris .t 
 (^o. commenced business in a portion of their 
 ))resent packing !\ouse at Chicago on June 7, 
 iS71). The Fairbank Canning Company, which 
 was under the same management and control 
 fis Nelson Morris <& CVj., started canning 
 meats about two weeks later. Mr. Nelson 
 Morris previously owned and conducted a 
 slaughtering house on the Chicago lake 
 front. 
 
 DR. CARL Gi:STAF P.VTRICK DE LAVAL, 
 of Stockholm, Sweden, inventor of the Cen- 
 trifugal Cream Separator. 
 
 1879. — Centrifugal cream separator in- 
 vented by Dr. Gustav De Laval, of Stock- 
 holm. Sweden. Great benefit to dairy inter- 
 ests, enabling the separation of cream from 
 the milk while both are sw-eet and fresh 
 from the cow. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1879. — iSt. Julien placed the trotting: record 
 
 at 2:11'%. The performance was made at 
 Oakland, Calif., the horse being driven by 
 Orrin Jlickok. He was a bay gelding by 
 Volunteer, dam by Henry Clay, 45. 
 
 ST. JUL.IEN. 2:1114,. — Schreiber photo. 
 
 1879, November 19th. — The trotting: stand- 
 ard adopted. 
 
 1879, December 3d. — At Billerica, Mass., on 
 "Willing Farm," owned by Mr. Jno. M. 
 Bailoy, the first American silo was opened in 
 the presence of a distinguished gathering of 
 agri'ulturist.s. ofhcials and editors. The silo 
 oonitaincd I'iO tons of ensilage. The experi- 
 ment was a success, and with the exception 
 of two or three inches at the top, whicli was 
 musty, the silage was good and readily eaten 
 by stock. 
 
 1880. — ,1. B. Evans, an enterprising farmer 
 in Caipe Colony, South Africa, went to 
 -Vngora, in Asia Minor, and obtained the 
 linest specimens of the Ang:ora goat whicli 
 up to that lime liad leiched the colony. 
 
 1880. — White Superior, a standard variety 
 of corn, originated in this year by P. R. 
 TJperry, of Monmouth, Til. 
 
 1880. — As-ociation of official agricultural 
 chemists organized. 
 
 1880. — ^Special contest of baling: presses for 
 hay and straw at New York State Pair. First 
 prize awarded to AVhitman Agricultural Com- 
 panj'^ of St. Louisa Mo., the same firm win- 
 ning four succe.ssive years. 
 
 1880.- -Brown Swiss cattle breeders organ- 
 ized and commenced publication of a herd 
 record. 
 
 1880. — Center of population of the United 
 States, eight miles west by south of Cincin- 
 nati. Ohio. 
 
 1880.— Last class for four-j ear-old beef 
 steers at American Fat Stock Shows. 
 
 1880. — The Shorthorn steer Nels Morris, 
 weighing .3,12.5 pounds, exhibited by Mr. 
 John B. Sherman at the ITnion Stock Yards. 
 
 1880.— Importation of Gothland swine from 
 Sweden by Mr. S. V. Anderson. 
 
 1880. — First volume of the English Stud 
 Koolc for Shire or Cart Horses pulilished. 
 
 1880. April 29th. — .American Jersey Catlte 
 Club incorporated by Richard M.Hoe. Thomas 
 H. Faile, Wm. B. Dinsmore, Erastus Corning, 
 .lohn D. Wing, Samuel .1. .Sharpies, John 
 Carter Brown, William S. Taylor, Joseph H. 
 Reiman. John Hoey, Edwin Thorpe and Her- 
 bert M. Howe. 
 
 1880. — On June 23th of this year the 
 Herman government issued an edict prohibit- 
 ing the importation of "chopped or in a 
 similar mnnner divided or prepared pork, 
 and of sausages of all kinds, from America." 
 
 1880. — The American Wonder, a dwarf 
 pea, produced this year, was a combination 
 of McLean's Little Gem and the chaniipion of 
 New England. It was a distinct ste-p in the 
 improvement of pea culture. 
 
 1880. — First fencing in the Panhandle of 
 Texas on the ranch of Adair & Goodnight. 
 The barbed wire cost nine cents a pound. 
 
 1880. — Mr. E. Moullee, of Jacksonville, Fla., 
 started a perfumery fai-m at San Mateo, of 
 that state, using orange and lemon fruits 
 and flowers'. 
 
 1880.^-The United States Census reported 
 4,nos,907 farms in the Fnited States, an in- 
 crease cf 1,3.S4,922 in ten years. 
 
 1880. — The Elberta peach (Chinese Cling) 
 introduced into the Southern States. 
 
 1880. — ^Center of the number of farms in 
 the L'nited States, twenty-one miles south by 
 east of <'incinnati, Ohio, in Kenton county, 
 Kentucky. 
 
 1880. — The Duke of Westminster captured 
 the Aineri«-an l>erby with the great horHe 
 Ben d'Or, by Doncaster. Robert, the DevU, 
 was seiond, and the time was 2 46. 
 
 1880. — Mr. Gulian P. Rixford, of the San 
 Francisco (Calif.) Bulletin, imported cuttings 
 of the best varieties of Smyrna figs from 
 Smyrna, in .'Xsia Minor. This importation 
 ^vas a failure, supposedly owing to bad faith 
 on the part of the Smyrna fig growers who 
 ;olrl the cuttings. 
 
 1880, \pril. — George B. I^oving commenced 
 publication of Texas I..ive Stock Journal at 
 Wealherford. 
 
 GEORGE B. LOVING, of Fort Worth. 
 Texas, in publishing the Texas Live Stock 
 Journal, the first ranchman's papei', invited 
 the attention of the world to the ranch 
 cattle industry and more especially to the 
 cattle-raising interests of Texas. He was 
 the son of a pioneer cattleman, Oliver 
 Loving, who lost his life in defending his 
 herd from Indians on the Chisum cattle trail. 
 
 1880, .August 12th.- -Maud S. made her ap- 
 pearance as trotting champion at Rochester, 
 N. Y., where, driven by W. W. Blair, she 
 look a full second off the trotting record, 
 coing the mile in 2:1154. She was a chest- 
 nut mare by Harold, dam Miss Russell, by 
 P'lot. Jr.. and in her six-year-old form. 
 Fifteen days later St. Julien reduced the 
 mark to 2:11 Vj at Hartford, Conn. Beforo 
 the year was out Jlaud S. again assumed the 
 record by a mile at Chicago, III., in 2:10%. 
 
 1880, September 16th. — Goat Show at Alex- 
 andra P.alace. North London, supported by 
 the Biriiish Goat Society. 
 
 1880. — Durin,g the week ending November 
 ?Oth, the record for a week's receipts of hogs 
 was made by Chicago, 111. The total was 
 .S00,488 head. 
 
 1880. — During November, record receipts of 
 hogs for a month were made at Chicago, 111, 
 The record is 1,111,997 head. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 57 
 
 1880. — Lowest wheat. In August, 
 cents; hlghesr, in January, $1.32. 
 
 MATIJ_,D.\, Ith — Famou.s Jersey cow. From 
 nhoto by Schreiber. 
 
 18S1. — In the January, ISSl, issue the 
 Kan.sas City l^ive Stock Indicator reported 
 that J. O." Jones, of Coiorado, had sold 
 :<0.000 c.ittle 10 Towers, Gudgell & Smart at 
 S17 iier head, calves counted. 
 
 1881. — First improved stock car originated 
 !>y Mr. A. C. Mathers. 
 
 1881, March 1st. — Fir.st recorded contriv- 
 ance for mechanically pressing: silai:e, pat- 
 ented by Levi H. Whitney, of Lowell, Mass. 
 
 1881, March .''.th. — First number of the 
 Chicago Horseman issued, with E. L. Stowe 
 as editor. 
 
 1881. — ^The Ens:lish Derby went to Pierre 
 Lorillavd's gran<l race horse Iroquois, by 
 l^eamington, with Peregrine second. Time, 
 l':50. 
 
 1881. — Apricot, or Simon Plum, native to 
 (^hin.a, introduced into this country. 
 
 1881. — James A. Garfield, President of the 
 United States, and served until he died, Sep- 
 tember 19th, from wounds inflicted by the 
 assassin. 
 
 1881. — Mechanical Refrigerating Company 
 opened a commercial cold-storage plant in 
 Boston, markitig the beginning of mechanical 
 refrigeration in regard to horticulture. 
 
 1881. — The first iron greenhouse in the 
 Ignited i^tates eercted this year. 
 
 1881, June L'L'd. — .\merican Hereford Cattle 
 Ureeders' Association organized. C. M. Cul- 
 bertson. President: T. E. Miller, Secretary. 
 
 1881, July lOlh. — Swannanoe, an aged 
 horse hy Red Dick, established the mile 
 record of 1:50 in a hurdle race at Brighton 
 Beach, N. Y. He cairied 120 pounds. 
 
 1881, Jiiiy 19th. — Speculation, a running 
 hoise by Daniel Boone, ran a mile and a 
 half o\er hurdles at the Brigton Beach 
 Course. New York, in 2:47. The same time, 
 under the same circumstances and at the 
 >ame place, v>.as made bj' Kitty Clark, by 
 Olenelg, on .-Xugust 2:jd, the same year. 
 
 1881, August 11th. — Trotting record reduced 
 twice b.v Maud S., finally placed at 2:10'/i 
 at Rochester. N. Y. 
 
 I881.--Turkey prohibited the exportation 
 of .'Vngora goats. 
 
 1881.-— "The coming American cow will be 
 of the Shorthorn type and hornless." — Hon. 
 L. .N. Bonham. 
 
 1881.— John D. Gilletfs red Shorthorn bul- 
 lock McMuUen, champion of American Fat 
 Stock Show, weighing 2,095 pounds. 
 
 1881. — Stud Book issued in France for the 
 Xivernais (black) draft horses. 
 
 1881. — Little Brown Jug, brown gelding, 
 hy Gibson's Tom Hal, dam Lizzie by John 
 Netherland, redu.-ied the mile pacing record 
 to 2:ll-';4. This at Hartford, Conn., August 
 LMth. 
 
 1881. — Breeders' Gazette established at 
 Chicago by Mr. .T. H. Sanders. 
 
 1881. — Lowest wheat, in January, 95% 
 cents; highest, in October, $1.43%. 
 
 1882. — The sweet pea began to be placed 
 in flower seed catalogues about this time. 
 
 1882. — In his American Orchardist, James 
 Thatcher ."ays: "The seeils for planting 
 should always lie selected from the most 
 highly-cultivated fruit and the finest and 
 riiiest sjiecimen of su<h variety." 
 
 1882, January. — A large hog was exhibited 
 at Junction City, Kansas, said to weigh 
 1,532 pounds. 
 
 1882. -H. H. Haaf, of Chicago, formerly of 
 Henry count;-'. Illinois, began a series of 
 articles in favor of dehorning cattle. 
 
 1882, February 22d.- Ohio Spanish Merino' 
 .'^heep Bieederf.' .Vssociation organized at 
 Columbus, Ohio. G. B. Quinn. President; H. 
 C. Den\er. First Vice-President; B. W. Bell. 
 Second Vice- {'resident : ("apt. .1. G. Blue, Sec- 
 retary; Wm. Kennedy, Treasurer. 
 
 1882.— Brienzi. PIS, a noted Brown Swiss 
 cow, iniporied this year. She became the 
 most noted cow of the breed in this country. 
 At eleven ypars old she weighed 1,410 
 pounds. Her three-day show record was 81.7 
 pounds of milk per day, contaJning 3.11 
 pounds of butler-fat, equal to 3% pounds of 
 merchantable butter each day. 
 
 1882, February. — In this month the great 
 eight-year-old white steer. Nels Morris, that 
 had been exhibited at several Chicago Fat 
 Stock .Shows, w;is slaughtered. His gross 
 weight was :.',S,SO pounds, and he dressed 
 2,076 pounds. 
 
 1882, March. — In this spring a feature of 
 the live stock trade of Chicago was tho 
 arrival of large numbers of stock eattie 
 from Western Pennsylvania. This indicated 
 the local abandonment of cattle laising as 
 a business and the weakness of the seaboard 
 markets as regards an.vthing except choice 
 cattle and calves. 
 
 1882, April. —Sheep sold at the Chicago 
 market at *,s..iO per 100 pounds, highest price 
 on record. 
 
 1882. — "I>a\is" Victoria swine given a class 
 at Illinois State Fair. C>riginated by George 
 .■<■'. Davis, of Dyer, Ind. Combination of 
 Poland-China. Chester White, Berkshire and 
 American, or White .Suffolk. 
 
 THE FIRST TU.VIX OF GR.A9S TEXAS 
 CATTLE to sell at seven cents per pound 
 were sold by Hunter, Evans & Co. on the 
 St. Louis market. The picture is that of 
 MR. M. P. BUEaj, of the firm of Hunter, 
 E^ans & Co. 
 
 1882, May. — .V train of Te.xas cattle shipped 
 by Colonel C. C. Slaughter, of Dallas, sold on 
 the St. Louis market at seven cents per 
 pound. 
 
 1882, June. — Native beef cattle sold at 
 Chicago on the general market at $9.30 per 
 pounds. 
 
 1882, July 25th. — At Saratoga, N.Y., Ben 
 d'Or, by Buckden. placed the record for a 
 mile aiid live hundred yards at 2:10%- 
 
 1882, September. — Heavy hogs sold up to 
 $9.35 per 100 pounds at Chicago; highest 
 price on record. 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1882. — First Ensilage Congress held in New 
 York City. It was resolved that the ensilage 
 '-ysteni is of great advantaere to the farming 
 interest and to all mankind. 
 
 188'J. — John D. Gillett's Shorthorn steer 
 second time victor at the American Fat Stock 
 Show, having gained 470 pounds during the 
 year. Show weight, 2,56& pounds. 
 
 1882, November 9th. — The mile and a 
 quarter raee reeord over hurdles was placed 
 at 2:lfi by Rourke Cochran, a horse by War 
 Dance. Thi.s time was made at Brighton 
 Beach, N. Y. 
 
 1882. — One of the early farm newspaper 
 articles concerning the great packing houses 
 appeared in llie Ciountry Gentleman, of 
 Albany, N. Y., December 7th, 1SS2, as fol- 
 lows; "A single meat faetory, so to speak, 
 the noted estali'lishment of Armour & Co., 
 with its army of .'5,000 employes, disposes of 
 every day of 700 or SOO cattle, mostly 
 Texans, and S.OOO to 12,000 hogs, every one 
 of which is slain on the premises and 
 worked up into all possible products, hardly 
 an ounce of the whole vast bulk going 
 entirely to waste. A visit to this establish- 
 ment is of the utmost interest to those who 
 care to see the wonderful results that can 
 he accomplished by systein, division of labor, 
 co-operation and the employment of steam- 
 driven machinery for the relief of human 
 inuscle." 
 
 1H82.— Lowest wheat, in December, 91% 
 cents; highest, in April, $1.40. 
 
 1882. — .Shotover, owned by the Duke of 
 Westminster, won the IQnglish llerby in 
 2:45 ;l-5, Quicklime finishing second. 
 
 1882. — The tuberculin test for tuberculosis 
 first seriously considered as practical by Dr. 
 D. E. Salmon. Chief of the United States 
 Bureau of Animal Industry. 
 
 1883. — Onnonde, the thorougliltied, was 
 foaled at Baton Hall, seat of the Duke of 
 Westminster. He died at Menlo Park, Cali- 
 fornia, twenty-one years later. He started 
 in sixteen races and won them all, Incluling 
 the English Derby, two thousand guineas, 
 and .St. Ledger. Wm. O'Brien McDonough, 
 of California, paid $l.''iO,000 for him. He 
 was a majestic bay, IG.l hands, and con- 
 sidered to be the grandest thoroughbred of 
 his di'.y. 
 
 1883.— The Wyandotte breed of fowls re- 
 ceived their name in this year. It was pro- 
 posed by Mr. Houdlette at Worcester. Mass. 
 The breed w.as originated by Mr. John P. 
 Ray. of Hemlock, N. Y., by a cross of a 
 Sebright Bantam male with a yellow 
 "Chitatong," which he named Sebright 
 Cochins. Rev. A. S. Baker and Mr. Benson 
 also produced similar fowls. 
 
 1883.— Roan Boy, Shorthorn steer, cham- 
 pion of .\merican Fat Stock Show. Exhib- 
 itetl by C. M. Culhertson, of Newman, 111. 
 
 1883. — Peter Collier, of New York, patented 
 an invention for recovering sugar from be- 
 gasse, or refuse of sugar cane and sor- 
 ghum. 
 
 1883. — American Red Polled Cattle Society 
 organized. J. C. Murray, of Maquoketa, 
 Iowa, Secretary. 
 
 1883. — 'BMrst volume of the North Wales 
 Black Cattle Herd Book issued; the second 
 in l.SSfi. 
 
 1883. — Perelieron Horse Stud Book estab- 
 lished in Fr;ince. 
 
 1883, April l.'^th. — R. Gibson, of Delaware, 
 Ontario, and Rigdon, Huston & Son sold 
 kStlorthoms at Dexter Park, Chicago, and 
 thirty-two animals were sold for $33,645, 
 an average of $1,11 1.115. The highest animal 
 in the sale was the First Duchess of Hill- 
 ilale, sold to Charles DeGraff, of Winona, 
 Minn., for $C,000. 
 
 1883. — De liaval cream separators first In- 
 troduced and sold in the United States. 
 
 1883. — First year that middling upland 
 cotton reached 20 cents per pound in New 
 York City. 
 
 1883. — ^The Grove, 3d, Hereford bull, at 
 nine years old sold by B. Rogers for $4,250, 
 in England. 
 
 1883, April 19th. — Two Shorthorn sales: 
 Launcelot Palmer's Scotch at Dexter Park, 
 Chicago; twenty-five head averaged .$625. 
 Bow Park i Bates cattle, thirty-six head, 
 averaged $325.55. 
 
 1883. — ^I.owest wheat, in October, 90 
 cents; highest, in June, $1,131/2. 
 
 1883. — St. Blaise, the fainous race horse 
 and sire, won the English Derby for Sir F. 
 .lohnstone. the time being 2:48 2-5. He was 
 the second son of Hermlit in succession that 
 won the Derby. 
 
 1883, September 3d. — Jay-Eye-See trots in 
 2:10% at Providence, Fl. I., establishing the 
 world's gelding record. 
 
 1883. — The Allen Shorthorn cattle records 
 purchased by the American Shorthorn 
 Breeders' Association for $25,000. 
 
 1883. — The Ijondon Mark Lane Express 
 says: "The dead-meat traHic is beating the 
 li\e-catf!e traffic in the United States, and it 
 would boat it in the trans- Atlantic business 
 if it had fair play." 
 
 1884. — The Bureau of Animal Industry 
 established to investigate and report upon 
 domestic animal diseases. 
 
 1884. — At the St. Louis Cattle Growers' 
 Con\eniion, held in No\ember, 1S84, Mr. <". 
 R. WetKel, Assistant Secretary of the Colo- 
 rado Cattle Growers' Association, said: "At 
 this time there is an irrepressible conflict 
 betvveen the live stock shippers and the 
 slaughterers. Tlie live stock dealer, the 
 middleman, is only a speculator, and the 
 middleman must go, and the two controlling 
 and only elements of the beef trade of the 
 country will be narrowed down to the ranch- 
 men and the sla,ughterers." 
 
 1884. — At the Cattlemen's Convention, 
 held at St. Louis, November 17, 1884, Mr. 
 Isaac H. Knox, then President of the St. 
 Louis National Stock Yards, said: "It is 
 one thine' to kill cattle and another to dis- 
 pose of the product. Slaughtering is the 
 cheapest part of the whole business; the 
 Ibinsr is to find a market. To sell the 
 refrigerated product requires agencies and 
 cold-storage houses in the East, and as it 
 costs at least $1,500 to build the smallest 
 kind of a cold-storage house, it can easily 
 be understood that to conduct a business cf 
 such a character requires enormous cap- 
 ital.' This was in the early days of the 
 dressed-beef business. 
 
 1884. — .\t the St. Louis Cattle Growers' 
 Convention, held in Nbvember, 1SS4, Mr. H. 
 I... Faust, of Salt Lake City, said: "In addi- 
 tion to the other schemes to be considered 
 we will present the question of refrigerator 
 cars. It is one of the utmost importance to 
 the beef consumers of the East. If we could 
 slaughter out We.9t, instead of shipping our 
 live cattle to the East, it would be an 
 enormous saving to the consumer." 
 
 1884. — In this year a Shropshire record 
 was established in Indiana by Mortimer 
 Levering, Albert Henderson, Walter J. 
 Quick, John L. Thompson, I. J. Parquhar, 
 Geo. Allen, Sr., and W. C. Latta. The 
 association was anti is known to-day as the 
 American Shropshire Registry Association. 
 
 1884. — A variety of long-staple upland 
 cotton named "Cook," after the originator, 
 was .selected this year in a field of ordinary 
 cotton by Mr. W. M. Cook, of Newman, 
 Miss. Extensively cultivated in the Delta 
 Region of M'ississippi. 
 
 1884. — Beginning of four-years' low prices 
 of wheat. I>owest price for No. 2 cash 
 wheat, in December. 69 Vo cents; highest of 
 the year, in Fel)ruary, 96 cents. 
 
 1884. — A dead heat was run in the 
 English Derby between Mr. .1. Hammond's 
 .great horse, St. Gatien, by Rotherhill, and 
 Sir J. Willoughby's Harvester, by Stirling. 
 The time was 2:46 1-5. This was the first 
 time in history that the Derby went unde- 
 cided. 
 
 1884. April. — National Stockman, published 
 at East Liberty, Pa., mentionis 114 1/2 -pound 
 Delaine Merino slieep fed by James McClel- 
 land, of Cannonsburg, Pa., which sold at 
 seven cents r^er pound. 
 
 1884. May Sth. — The National Dickinson 
 Spanish Merino Register incorporated in 
 Ohio by .lames McDowell, H. G. McDowell, 
 Wm. Beecher, Henry Everhard, G. W. Hel- 
 denbrand and A. C. McDowell. 
 
 1884, May 19th. — National Meetting of 
 Wool (jlrowers presided over by Hon. C. 
 Delano at Chicago. 
 
 1884. — Buulonnais Stud Book established 
 in France. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 59 
 
 1884, June 1 llh and 12th. — A. C. Hamilton 
 held a sale of Shorthorns at his farm near 
 I-exingrton. Ky., at which an average of 
 $832. SO was made on in!) head. 
 
 JAY-EYK-SKE. — ^Pioture taken in his old 
 age. This famous black gelding by Dictator 
 was thfe first :i:10 trotter, having trotted a 
 mile in that time in ISSl. Eight years later, 
 in l.S!)2, having changed his gait, he took a 
 record of 2:0^ii4 as a pacer. He is there- 
 lore champion combination trotter and pacer 
 of the world. 
 
 1884, August 1st. — Jay-Eye-See. a black 
 gelding, became the first 3:10 trotter, estab- 
 lishing that record at Providence. R. T. 
 He was a son of I>ictator, his dam Midnight. 
 i>y Pilot, Jr.. and was driven by Edward 
 Either. The ncKt day Maud S., driven 
 against time at Cleveland, Ohio, set the 
 mark at 2:09%, and later in the year, at 
 Lexington, Ky., brought it to 2:00%. 
 
 1884, August 2Slh. — At Jjeominster, Eng- 
 land, the Hereford bull Lord Wilson, at nine 
 years old. sold for $20,000. 
 
 1881.— -Clarence Kirklevington, the 2,400,- 
 pound i^hite Shorthorn, won the champion- 
 ship at the Chicago Fat Slock Show. 
 
 1884. — National Norman Horse Association 
 incorporated under name of National French 
 Draft Horse Association. 
 
 1884. September Rth. — Drake Carter, a .son 
 of Ten Broeck. fixed the three-mile runniri.g 
 lecord at .'i:24 at Sheepshead Bay. N. Y. He 
 carried 115 pounds in going the distance. 
 
 1884, October. — Famous Poland-China 
 boar, Bravo, ;!37, bought of Klever Bros., of 
 Bloomingsburg, Ohio, b.v Walker & Son, of 
 New Madison, Ohio, for .$300. 
 
 1884, October 9th. — At Chicago, Johnston, 
 the gieat pacer, by Joe Bassett, dam by 
 Ned Forrest, set the pacing record at 
 2:06%. 
 
 1884, November lS*h. — In a few remarks 
 addressed to the Cattlemen's Convention at 
 St. Louis. Gen. W. T. Sherman said: "I 
 sometimes deplore the disappearance of the 
 bnffalo, elk and antelope: but although these 
 animals have disappeared, you h.ivc repl.xced 
 them with proluildy 20.000,000 of fine bred 
 stock which supply us with meat we eat 
 and supply too much of the meat which is 
 eaten in Europe." 
 
 1885. — In January, 1SS5, the Commercial 
 Bulletin of Boston expressed satisfaction 
 at a decision of .ludge Cooley, fixing rates 
 on d^es^ed beef 7.^« per cent, higher than the 
 rate for live cattle. Attention to this dis- 
 crimination against dressed beef was invited 
 by an article in the National Live Stock 
 .Tournal of January 6. ISS.t. 
 
 1885. — E. W. Maslin. of California, planted 
 Smyrna seeds from best figs imported by 
 the wholesale grocery house of H. Iv. Thur- 
 ber & Co., of New York, from which were 
 .grown large and flouris'hing trees. 
 
 1885. — On March 10, 1SS5, a London paper 
 announced that P. D. Armour & Co. had 
 sold five million cans of fresh and corned 
 beef to be used by the British army then 
 
 doing service in the Soudan. To supply this 
 contract rcnuired 70,000 head of live cattle. 
 
 1885. — The Boston Daily Advertiser of 
 March 14, 1S.3.J. announced an auction sale 
 (f Western dressed beef, tlie firsit sale of Its 
 kind ever held in that city. Over 300 
 market men were asseml)led. The beef wa.-s 
 sent there in refrigerator cars by the St. 
 lyouis Beef Canning Company, Wm. H. Mon- 
 roe, Miuiager. At first the hind eiuarters 
 sold at IIV2 cents, and fore tiuarters at 5 '/& 
 cents per pound; later the prices ranged 
 from 8 V4 to 10 cents for hind quarters and 
 ."' '/i to i, '/i cents for fore quarters. 
 
 1885.— Dr. W. S. Caruthers, of Cotulla, 
 Texas, a retired army surgeon, associated 
 with Mr. T. H. Keck, originated a machine 
 whereby the priekl.v pear, abundant in 
 .Southern Texas, could bo cut up and fed to 
 rattle. Later on jiear burners were in- 
 vented to liurn the thorns off as a further 
 iinpio\ ement in pear feeding. 
 
 1885. — First meeting of the Societ.v of 
 .\nieri<'an florists held in this year. Mr. 
 .lohn Thor()e was Presidnnt. 
 
 1885. — The Knjilish Derby was won by 
 ',ord Hasting's Melton in 2:44 1-5, Paradox 
 lini.-hing second. The winner was sired hy 
 r.Taster llildare. 
 
 1885. — Grover Cleveland, President of the 
 I'nitod States, his first term, serving four 
 ;. L-ai s. 
 
 1885. — National I^ive Stock K.vclinnjfe or- 
 ganized. President, W. H. Thompson, Jr. ; 
 A'ice -President, Levi B. Doud ; Secretary, C. 
 W. Baker; Treasurer, G. W. Shannon. 
 
 1885. — Riley's Favorite, one of the recog- 
 nized varieties of com, originated in this 
 year by .lames Kilcy, of Thorntown, Ind. 
 
 1885. — In this year a chestnut horse 
 named Bill, but of pedigree unknown, 
 tiotied eighteen miles in harness, in a race, 
 m 'j-. 10. 
 
 H(>L.^Tr:iX-FRIi:ST \X BULL — Champion 
 at the St. Louis Fair. Owned by M. E. 
 .(Toore, of Cameron, Mo. 
 
 1885, May 25 th. — Holstein-Fricsian Asso- 
 ciation of America incorporated by Theron 
 G. 'I'eonians, William M. Singerly, William 
 C. Bra> ton. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Gerritt S. 
 Miller, Frederick C. Steven*:, wing R. Smith, 
 J.D.Guthrie. I-'redcrick ,J. Houghton, Francis 
 W. Patterson, Wayne MacVeaugh, G. M. 
 Emerick. George F. J.ackson, H. H. Hatch, 
 W'iiliam II. Hemingway, Daniel D. Durnall, 
 Irwin Langworthy. John B. Tuckerman, 
 Charles R. Payne, Robert Burch, E. R. Phil- 
 lips and Solomon Hoxie. 
 
 1885, July.- J. J. Coffman, of Danvers, 
 111., liought of Klever Bros., of Blooming.s- 
 burg. Ohio, the famous Poland-China boar 
 Tecumseh, 4,339, for $500. 
 
 1885. — Clingstone, by Rysdyk, and Guy, by 
 Kentucky Prince, trotting together as a 
 leam against time, set the mile record at 
 2:17. 
 
 1885. — "Dandy." seven-months-old Davis 
 Victoria boar, winner of grand sweepstakes 
 <iver all other breeds at WoritTs Industrial 
 and Cotton Exposition, New Orleans, La. 
 
 1885. -Mr. J. B. Warren, of Larchwood. 
 Iowa, imported thirteen head of Nortfi 
 Wales Black Cattle from the Island of 
 Anglesea, 
 
60 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1885. — ^Pi-incess. 2d, a Jersey cow, owned 
 hy Mrs. S. M. Shoemaker, of Baltimore, Md., 
 reported as havins; made over 46 pounds of 
 butter in one week. Actual 46 and .50-64ths 
 pounds. The milk yield was 16 per cent. fat. 
 
 JERSEY ('OW — PRTNCEiSS, 2d, 8,046. 
 Reputed record, 46 pounds 12% ounces of 
 butter in seven days. Owned by the late 
 S. M. .Shoemaker, of Baltimoie, Md. From 
 copyriprht photograi)h by permission of 
 Pclireiher &: Sons, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1885. — ^Mr. .1. C. Duncan, of Normal, 111., 
 imported "Noiinandie" cattle from France. 
 
 1885. --Guy, a, son of Narragansett, negoti- 
 ated a mile and tliree-oigliths over hurdles 
 in 2.33, at I.alonia, Ky. 
 
 1885. — ^Mr. Albert Montgomery, of Ne^w 
 Orlean.?, L,a.. imported Bralimin or "Bou- 
 choiir" cattle from India. 
 
 1S85.- — TJie Hereford steer Regulus, ex- 
 hibited by Fowler <& Van Natta, champion 
 .'■teer at the .American Fat Stock Show. 
 
 1885. — T.owest wheat, in March, 73% 
 cents; lushest, in April, 91% cents. 
 
 188.5. — December. — "The <-ham|)ion beet 
 animal at Birmingham and I^ondon, Enj<- 
 kind, Mr. Clement Stephens' Hereford 
 heifer Luxury, yielded the extraordinary 
 and hitherto unexampled proportion of 78% 
 per cent, of dead meat." This is from John 
 Coleman'.s Book on ".'attle. Sheep and Pigs 
 of Great Bi'itain. 
 
 1886. — Hereford steer Rudolph, Jr., ex- 
 hibited by George Morgan, champion steer 
 at the American Fat Stock Show. First of 
 the pony class to win the prize. His ago 
 was -SSo days and show weight 1,530 pounds. 
 
 THE PEERLESS MAUD S. — On July 30. 
 '88.'). at Cleveland, Ohio, in her fourteenth 
 year, MAUD S. reduced the one-mile trot- 
 ting record to 2:08%, which reigned supreme 
 for six years. She was driven by W. "W^. 
 Blair. This jjarticular picture is from a 
 copyright photo by permis.sion of .Schreiber 
 & .Sons. 
 
 1886. ^-Re\'. F. vnn Schluembach. of Perry, 
 Texas, imported two bulls and two heifers 
 of the Simmenthal (Bernese) cattle breed of 
 Switzerland. First ever brought to America. 
 
 1886, M.arch. — Tennessee importation of 
 jaeUs and jennets from Spain by J. D. & 
 W. H. Goodpasture and R. H. Hill. 
 
 1886. — At the Weatherford Convention of 
 the Northwest Texas Cattle Raisers' Associ- 
 ation,, held in March. 1SS6, there were two 
 resolutions adopted in regard to dressed 
 beef, and the second one grew out of the 
 fact that the Eastern railroads in the hand.-j 
 of a pool controlled by Coinmissioner Fink 
 had arranged a discrimination against dressed 
 beef. The action taken by the Texas cattl.e 
 raisers was as follows: "Resolved, That w'a 
 believe it to be to the interest of the pro- 
 ducers and consumers as fostering competi- 
 tion among buyers in our principal Western 
 markets and ainong sellers in the Eastern 
 markets that the rates of transportation on 
 dressed beef and live cattle be as two to 
 cne. Resolved, That we endorse Commia- 
 .■^ioner Fink's action in advancing the rate 
 on dressed beef to the Eastern markets." 
 
 1886. — ^Ormonde, the celebrated son of Ben 
 .I'Or, owned by the Duke of Westminster, 
 was the victor in the English Derby, win- 
 ning in 2:45 3-5 from that grand horse The 
 Bard, which finished second. 
 
 1886, August 2d. — ^An act of Congress was 
 passed specially authorizing the use of 
 harmless butter color. 
 
 1886. — Suffolk sheep first given a class in 
 English Royal Agricultural Exhibitions. 
 
 1886. — Tlie Prst Yorkshire hogs recorded 
 in Canada. 
 
 IMP. S.^iIJ.SiJliKY — Piize-winiiing Here- 
 ,'ord bull, highly representative of the breed. 
 Owned by Murray Boocock, of Keswick, 
 Albemarle county, Va. 
 
 1886. — Highest price for middling upland 
 
 cotton on New York market: Market below 
 '■0 cenis, for the first time in forty-four 
 year.s. Highest price of the year, 9 9-16 
 tents; lowest, 8 13-16 cents per pound. 
 
 1886. — ^Mr. F. Roeding, banker, of San 
 Francisco and proprietor of Fancher Creek 
 Nurseries of Fresno, sent his foreman, C. S. 
 West, to Smyrna, and was successful in ob- 
 taining good cuttings of the Smyrna figs; 
 most important step towards establishing 
 this industry in the United States. 
 
 1886, May. — At Latonia Race Track, Ken- 
 tucky, the mile and one-sixteenth hurdle 
 race record of 1:59 '/4 was made by the 
 horse Judge Jackson, a son of Buckden. 
 
 1886, August 29th. — Winslow, a son of 
 the great Tea Broeck, made a mile and 
 one-eighth over hurdles at the Westsido 
 Track, Chicago, in 2:02%. 
 
 1886. — Kerry cattle from Ireland imported 
 into the United .States by Mr. Edward 
 Kemp, of Rumsen Neck, N. J. 
 
 1886. — First volume of American Aber- 
 deen-Angus Cattle Kecord issued. 
 
 1886. — Liowest wheat, in October, 69% 
 cents: highest, in January, 84% cents. 
 
 1887. — Daisy D. and Silver Tail, the 
 former by Black .Steer, the other by Tem- 
 pest. Jr., paced a mile as a team in 2:18%. 
 It was not extremely fast, but fast, consid- 
 ering the period. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 61 
 
 1S87. — Mr. Abington's Merry Hampton, by 
 Ttampton, proved the winner of the Kiifflish 
 Derby in 2:43, The Baron finishinp: second. 
 
 1887, May 1st. — In thi.s montli were de- 
 livered at Ooolidge, Ka.s.. and Lamar, Colo., 
 1,03.5 Hereford, Shorthorn and Aberdeen- 
 AnffU8 bulls, contracted by C. P. Camjpbell 
 and T. J. Bunton to J. V. Farwell & Co.. 
 for the 3,()00,0n0-aore ranch of the Capitol 
 Syndicate in the Panhandle of Texas, the 
 largest delivery of its kind in history. 
 
 1887. — Mr. Cobb Oavitt, of Evergreen 
 Park, near Ashley, Ohio, imported three 
 •Shetland ponies bought of the Marquis of 
 Iwondonderry. 
 
 1887, .Tune. — I,ivp Stoek Breeders' Direc- 
 tory of the United States and Canada pub- 
 lished by Philip H. Hale, of St. I.ouis, Mo. 
 
 1887. — Importation of Sinimentlial eattio 
 to this country by John Dick, of Quincy, 111. 
 
 1887. — P. A. Thomas, of Chicago, and Mr, 
 Parker Barlo. of Cobden. 111., revolutionized 
 the fresli fruit transportation by shipments 
 to all parts of the United States. 
 
 1887, .Tune 21st. — In a liurdle race at 
 Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., Buckra, an aged 
 horse by Buckden, made the fast record 
 for two and a quarter miles of 4:26. He 
 carried 16S pounds for this performance. 
 
 1887.- -Johnston, the great son of Joe 
 Bassett, dam Cary mare, by Ned Forrest, 
 placed the pai-inK record to wa8:on at 
 2:14%. This wa.^ in a competitive race. 
 
 1887. — ^D. M. Moniger's Dr. Glick, Short- 
 horn steer, chamipion at American Pat 
 Stock Show. 
 
 1887, July 3d. — ^Notable shipment of a car- 
 load of tomatoes from Humboldt, Tennessee, 
 by W. K. Rea, and consigned to Charles 
 Richardson, of New York City. Practical 
 commencement of truck farming in West 
 Tennessee. 
 
 1887, September. — Fir.st car-load of Colo- 
 rado celery shipped East by C. T. Fort from 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 1887. — American Es.se.x Association incor- 
 jiorated in Illinois. 
 
 ESSEX BOAR — MODEL JIM, 1,0S1. First- 
 prize and s\\eepst<akes winner at the St. 
 I-ouis Pair, both years, 1901 and 1902; also 
 winrer of many other first prizes. Never 
 defeated in the show ring. Bred and owned 
 by Peter Miller & Son, of Belleville, 111. 
 
 1887, November 1st. — Opening of the 
 Sioux City Stocit Yards of Iowa for busi- 
 ness. President and Treasurer, D. T. 
 Hedges: Vice-President, James E. Booge; 
 Secretary, Ed. Hankinson. These three with 
 A. S. Gar.-etson and W. V. Hedges consti- 
 tuted the Board of Directors. 
 
 1887. — Galloway steer, winner at Smith- 
 field .Show, wei.ghing 2,464 pounds. 
 
 J887. — Introduction of commercially valu- 
 able incubators for artificial liatching 
 dates from this year. 
 
 1887. — Lowest wheat, in August, 66% 
 cents; highest, in June, 94%, cents. 
 
 1887. — In this year the experiment of dis- 
 posing of California fruit at auction was 
 tried in New York by Messrs. Sgobel & 
 Day, at that time agents for the California 
 Fruit Union, and the result proved favor- 
 able. 
 
 1888. — The Aberdeen-Angus steer. Dot, 
 
 lixhibited by Mr. Imboden, champion at the 
 American Fat Stock Show. Age, S63 day.", 
 and show weight, 1,515 "pounds. 
 
 1888, May 5th. — The Peninsula and Ori- 
 ental Company's steamer "Oceanica" sailed 
 from Melbourne, Australia, with 500 tons 
 of Australian apples, reaching London 
 .!une 12th. mostly in sound condition. Be- 
 ginning of ocan commercial refrigeration. 
 
 1888. — Hellriegel, a German chemist and 
 investigator, announced that the nodules 
 on the leguminous plants were colonies of 
 bacteria, and that their work was to take 
 up nitrogen from the air and convert it 
 into plant food. 
 
 1888.— In this year the White Uyandotto 
 was admitted to the standard of thq 
 .\merican I'oultry .Association. The credit 
 of their origin is given to Geo. W. Towle, 
 of Truxton, N. Y., and B. M. Brlggs, of 
 Wyandale, N. Y. 
 
 1888, August 21st. ^ — The record ■for a. 
 mile and three-sixteenths, which Is 2:12, 
 was made by Jim, a four-year-old, by Fel- 
 lowcraft, at Sai'atoga, N. Y. 
 
 1888, September 17th. — Organization of the 
 American Breeders' Association of Jacks 
 and Jennets at .Springfield, III. President, 
 Chas. E. Leonard, of Bell Air, Mo.; Vice- 
 President, Albert Babb, of Taylorville, III.; 
 .Secretary, W. H. Goodpasture, of Nashville, 
 Tenn. ; Treasurer, Ma.jor Wm, Gentry, of 
 Seda.lia, Mo. 
 
 1888. — ^Johnston paced a mile under saddle 
 in 2:i:;, breaking' the record of 2:14% 
 'leld since by Billy Boyce, a son of 
 (JId Corbeau. Johnston's feat has never 
 been excelled. 
 
 1888. — Polled Durham cattle first recog- 
 nized as a distinct breed by the Ohio Cen- 
 tennial and .State F'air. Exhibitors, Shafor 
 & Clawson and Captain W. S. Miller. 
 
 1888, October 19th. — Sunol, a bay filly, 
 placed the one-mile two-year-old trotting 
 record at 2:20% at San Francisco. 
 
 1888. — J. D. & W. H. Goodpasture, of 
 Nashville, Tenn., made the largest individual 
 .jack and ,fennet importaition — ^fiifty-seven 
 head. 
 
 1888. — Lowest wheat, in April, 71% cents;~ 
 highest, in September, caused by the 
 Hutchinson Corner, S2.00, declining io 
 *1.04iA the next day. 
 
 1888. — Prof. W. M. Hays, of the Minne- 
 
 '■ta Experiment Station, be.gan a series of 
 
 s.^ stpmatic wheat experiments of invaluable 
 
 ■^cr^lce to the wheat growers of the country. 
 
 1888, Xoveniber. — The lamb-feeding in- 
 dustry in I^arimer county, Colorado, com- 
 menced by Bennett Bros., of Fort Collins, 
 Durchasing 2,500 Mexican lambs, whicli 
 they intended feeding corn at Paxton, Neb.; 
 liut, being snowbound in transit, the lambs 
 X ere brought to Fort Collins and fed on 
 ilfalfa. with corn added to the ration later. 
 I'he result was that they gained rapidly in 
 ilcsh and condition and topped the Chicago 
 iii.irket at $3.40 per 100 pounds. By the 
 year 1900 the lamb-feeding industry of 
 Colorado had increased to 351,225 head in 
 one season. 
 
 1888. — Iron fi-amework first used in green- 
 house construction in this year and came 
 rapidly into use. 
 
 1888. — Ayrshire, owned by the Duke of 
 Portland, a horse sired by Hampton, won 
 the Knglish Derby, and also incidentally 
 established the fastest time in Its history 
 to that date, that of 2:42 1-5. 
 
 1889. — An Arkansas firm imported twenty- 
 five line .jacks and jennets from Spain. Ex- 
 hibited at the St. Louis Fair. 
 
 1889.— Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of the 
 Bureau of Animal Industry, determined 
 upon a line of investigation of Southern 
 cattle fever, resulting in the adoption of 
 the tick theory as the cause of disease. 
 The experiments were conducted by Dr. 
 F. L. Ivilborne. 
 
 1889. — .Shorthorn steer Rigdon exhibited 
 by Elbert & Fall, champion at the Ameri- 
 can F.at Stock Show. 
 
 1889. — The white variety of Orpington 
 fowls established a breed that dates from 
 this year. 
 
 1889. — The Department of Agriculture Im- 
 jiorted rooted suckers of the Date Palm 
 from Algerian Sahara and Egypt and sent 
 them to New Mexico, Arizona and Cali- 
 fornia, 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1889. -The Duke of Portland won the 
 Dngiish Derby with the horse Donovan, 
 Mhich was sired by Galopin. The time wsa 
 2:44 2-5. A horse named San Miguel was 
 second. 
 
 1889. — In the year 1SS9 the legislators of 
 the state of Virginia enacted a law which 
 was intended to shut dressed beef out from 
 that stale. The law prohibited the offering 
 for sale of fresh meat at places 100 miles or 
 more distant from the places of slaughter 
 unless it had been inspected by the local 
 inspectors of Virginia, for which inspection 
 the owner of the meat had to pay one cent 
 per pound. The inspection alone amounted 
 lo from .$r..O(l to .$10.00 per head. It was 
 pronounced unconstitutional. This was an 
 exanip'e of state enactments passed for the 
 purpose of interfering with interstate com- 
 me'-ce and more especially to please the 
 butchers who were trying to kill the 
 dressed-beef trade by law. 
 
 1889. — The "f'arman" peach originated 
 from seed planted by J. W. Stubenrauch, 
 of Mexia, Texas. Early variety and com- 
 iiaratively free from rot. 
 
 1889. — Through influence of Prof. H. K. 
 Van Demen, Pomologist, and Prof. C. V. 
 Riley, Entomologist, the United States 
 Department of Agriculture secured and 
 distributed Capri fis eiittini^s from Turkey. 
 
 1889. — Benjamin Harrison, President of 
 the Ignited States, and served four years. 
 
 1889. — Union Cold Storage Company of 
 Chicago, first Western establishment to offer 
 ineehanical refrigeration for general storage, 
 apples being the Hrst fruit stored. 
 
 1889. — 'Luke M. Emerson, of Bowling 
 Green, Mo., imported ('atab)nian jacks. 
 
 HON. .lEUEMIAH M. RUSK. 
 
 }\ 
 
 ^ 
 
 HON. NUUM.VX J. COLMAN. 
 
 1889, February 11th. — Hon. Norman J. 
 Coiman, of Missouri, editor and proprietor 
 of the Pural World, appointed the first 
 Secretary of -Agricnlture by President 
 Grover Cleveland. Previously the highest 
 olhcer of the Agricultural Department ■was 
 Comnli.^sioner. 
 
 1899. — I^owpst wlicat, in .Tune, 75% cents; 
 highest, in February, $1.08%. 
 
 1889, August 25th. — Death of Henry Shaw, 
 Born in Sheffield, 'England, July 24, 1900. 
 He gave the famous Shaw's Botanical 
 CfPrden and Tower Grove Park to the city 
 of St. l^ouis. 
 
 1889, Augu.st 30th.— The fastest half mile 
 on the running turf was inade by Geraldine 
 at New York in 0:46. It was on a straight 
 course, and slie was carrying 122 ipounds. 
 Geraldine was by Grinstead, and four years 
 old when this record was made. 
 
 1889, October 11th. — -At Terre Haute, 
 Ind., Axtell trots a mile in 2:12, establish- 
 ing thrce-yeai-old and stallion record. 
 
 1889, No\ember 14th. — American Polled 
 nurham Breeders' Association organized. 
 President, Win. W. Crane, of Tippecanoe City, 
 Ohio; Secretary, A. E. Burleigh, of Mazon, 111. 
 
 1889. — .Teretniah M. Rusk, of Wisconsin, 
 Secretary of Agriculture under President 
 Benjamin Harrison. 
 
 1889. — The .\merican Agriculturist corn 
 contest for the largest yield of corn on one 
 measured acie. Grand prize won by Zacha- 
 riah Joirdan Drake, of Marlboro county. 
 South Carolina, who grew 255 bushels of 
 shelled corn or 239 bushels crib-cured corn 
 at a high net cost of 44 cents per bushel. 
 Second prize won by Alfred Rose, of Yates 
 county. New York, who grew 213 bushels of 
 shelled corn or 191 bushels of crib-cured corn 
 ;it a cost of 16 cents per bushel. Third prize 
 won by Geoi'ge Gartner, of Pawnee county, 
 Nebraska, who grew 171 bushels of shelled 
 corn or 151 bushels of chib-cured corn at a 
 cost of 17 cents per bushel. 
 
 1890. — The cen.^^us of this year enumer- 
 ated 596 seed farms in the United States, 
 containing ie9,S50 acres, of which 96,567 
 acres were actually producing seed crops. 
 
 1890. — (Silver Mine, a standard variety of 
 wliite corn, originated in this year by J. H. 
 Beagley, of Sibley, III. 
 
 1890. Feb'.uary 20th. — The National L,ivo 
 Stock Reporter established at the St. Louis 
 National Stock Yards by Philip H. Hale. 
 
 1890. — ^Center of United States population, 
 twenty miles east of Columbus, Ind. 
 
 1890. — The Babcock Cream Tester in- 
 vented by Dr. S. M. Babcock, of Madison, 
 Wis., and generously given over to public use 
 and benefit without charge. 
 
 1890. — The United States Census reported 
 4,564,641 farms in the United States, an in- 
 crease of 555 734 in ten years. 
 
 1890. — Dispersion of the Cruickshank 
 Shorthorns, the breeder being 82 years old. 
 
 1890. —Great improvement in cream separa- 
 tors by Baron von Bechtoldsheim, of Ger- 
 many. Hand separator made possible by 
 Alpha disc system. 
 
 1890. — The Holstein cow, Pauline Paul, 
 owned by J. B. Dutcher & Son, of Pawiling, 
 N. Y., reported as having made 1,153 and 63- 
 64ths pounds nf butter in one year. 
 
 1890, May 1st. — Pirst alfalfa sown on 
 AVoodland I'arm, Ohio, by Joseph E. Wing. 
 Really the lieginning of successful alfalfa 
 culture east of the Missouri river. 
 
 1890. — Village postal delivery recommended 
 by Postmaster-General Wanamaker, a fore- 
 runner of Rural Free Delivery. 
 
 1890, July Sth. — The record for seven- 
 eighths of a mile, running over a straight 
 course, was placed by Bell B., a five year- 
 old, at 1:23 -Li. at Monmouth Park, with 103 
 pounds up. Bella B. Was by Etiquirer. 
 
 1890. — Louisiana became first in rank cf 
 rice-growing states, -displacing South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 63 
 
 1890. — Illinois State Fair at Peoria. Great 
 <'ontest of ehainpioii ShorUiorii bulls Cup 
 
 Bearer, Phenomenon, Goldsticlt and Yountj 
 At)lM)t.sl.urn, tlie latter the victor; \veit;hoil 
 U.Sdii pounil.s; owned by T. S. Moberlv, of 
 Kentucky. 
 
 IXflO. — The English Derby was won by Sii" 
 James Miller's Sanfoin, by Sprinsfielii. There 
 were only eisht starters, and LeNord was 
 second. The time was 11^ 4 9 '4. 
 
 1«1)0, July 17th. — Banquet the mighty race 
 horse, placed the reeortl for the Derby dis- 
 tance (a mile and a quarter) at L':0:'. '/<; at 
 Monmouth i^ark over a straight course. 
 Bancjuet was by Imported Raymond d'Oi-. 
 and was one of the greatest horses that ever 
 lived. 
 
 IS!)0, .\ us list liOth. — The fastest hors.' 
 ruiiiiiiit; record for a quarter of a mile was 
 made l.y Bob Wade, a four-year-old, at 
 Butte, Mont. The time was <i:i'lVi. 
 
 1890.- -renter of tlie number of farms in 
 the I'nited States, eightj-two miles soul'i 
 liy west of Indianapolis, in Washingtim 
 county, Ind'.xna. 
 
 1890. — The Shorthorn steer Nonesuch, ex- 
 hibited by W. H. Renick. champion at the 
 rhicago Fat Stock Show. 
 
 1890, .\ugust ?Sth. — The famous runninK 
 horse Salvator made the phenomenal mile 
 record of 1 ::!."> 14 at Monmouth Park over a 
 straight course in a race against time. 
 Salvator was by Imported Prince Chanlif'. 
 When he performed this feat he was a four- 
 year-old and carried 11(j iiounds. 
 
 1890. — Lowest wheat, in February, 7 1 i', 
 cents; highest, in August, Sl.OSU- 
 
 1890.---iSwine in Ireland, l,r,70,'?66 head, 
 the largest number known in that country. 
 
 1891, June 22d. — Kingston, the pon of the 
 great .spendtlirilt, carrying 139 pounds, set 
 (he mark lor the Futurity Course, which is 
 I7ti feet less than throe-fourths of a mile, in 
 1:08. The jierforniance was made at Coney 
 Island. N. Y. 
 
 RFX PRAVINE — Saddle stallion. Owned 
 hy Dr. W. L. Hockaday. of Richmond, Ky. 
 Winner at Louisxille (Ky.) State Fair. Rep- 
 resentative American saddle horse. 
 
 1891. — The \nierican (formerly National) 
 Saddle Horse Breeders' Association organized 
 at T.ouisville, Ky., and issued the first volume 
 of the Ajmeiiean Saddle Horse Register tha 
 year following. 
 
 1891. — Allerton. one of the greatest race 
 horses and sires of extreme speed in the 
 history of the trotting turf, was sent a 
 mile trottinK to wagon, and set the trotting 
 mark at ?:15. He was sired by .lay Bird, 
 and his dam was Giissie Wilkes, by Mam- 
 brino Boy. 
 
 1891. — In tliis year the unique performance 
 of three horses trotting: a mile abreast was 
 made in the fast time of 2:1-1. The horses 
 were Belle Hamlin. ba.v mare Globe, bay 
 gelding; and Justina. bay mare; all by 
 Almont, Jr. 
 
 1891. — Capiain S. F. Fountain, United 
 States Cavalry, with mounted detachment, 
 lode eiirhty-four miles in eight hours, a 
 record of horse endurance. 
 
 1891. — The Berry Farmer, published by 
 B. F. Smith at Lawrence. Kansas, one of 
 the early fruit publications of the West. 
 Short-lived but valuable. 
 
 1891. — Sunol, bay mare by Electioneer, dam 
 Waxana, by General Benton, became cham- 
 pion trotter. clipi)ing a half second off the 
 reco'rd established by Maud S. in 1S85 and 
 reducing the world's mark to 2:08 14. The 
 record was made at Stockton, Calif., where 
 she wtis driven by Charley Marvin. 
 
 1891. — Mr. James Shinn. of Niles, Calif., 
 obtained the first .i-ipeeimens of Blastophaga, 
 the fisr fertilizing insect from Syria. 
 
 1891, August ir.th. — The first horse to run 
 three-eighths of a mile in 0:34 on the Amer- 
 ican Turf was Fashion, a four-year-old, and 
 the record was made at Lampasas, Texa.s. 
 This record was later eciualed on July 22J, 
 INfHi, hy Red S., an aged horse, carrying 
 l-'i pounds, at Butte, Mont., and thus held 
 jointly by the two. 
 
 1891.- -The two-year-old Hereford steer 
 Hickorynut, exhibited by \\'. S. Van Natta. 
 champion at the American Fat Stock Show. 
 At 354 days his weight was 1,629 pounds. 
 
 1891. September 3d. — At Independence, 
 Iowa. Direct, black horse by Director, paces 
 in SrOfi, making world's record. 
 
 1891. — The Blanche Ferry, a descendant of 
 the Painted Lady, first valuable variety Jf 
 ihe modern sweet pea, introduced by Ameri- 
 can seedsmen. 
 
 1891, — The largest week's receipts of cattle 
 .it any market were recorded at Chicago 
 daring ihe week ending September 19th, the 
 total lieing 95.r>24 head. 
 
 1891. — First two-billion-bushel corn crop in 
 the I'nited Stales; offleially 2,000,154,000 
 bushel.s. 
 
 1891, November. — At the Chicago Dairy 
 Show the Brown Swiss cow Brienz, owned by 
 Abe Bourquin, of Nokoniis, III., made 9.32 
 pounds of butter-fat in three days, being 
 the largest yield in public competition. 
 
 1891. — Three-year-old beef cattle dropped 
 from classe.s of the American Fat Stoi.-k 
 Show. 
 
 1891. — Lowest wheat, in July, S5 cento: 
 highest, in April, $1.10. 
 
 1891. — A horse named The Common, by 
 I'sonomy, owned by Sir F. Johnstone, was the 
 winner of the F^nglish Derby. The time 
 made, 2:56 4-5, was the second slowest in its 
 history. Oouverneur ran second. 
 
 1891. — The pacer Joe Jefferson made the 
 fastest record for four miles in harness, his 
 time being iO:10. This record was made 
 against time. 
 
 1891. — The Smyrna fig first hand pollinated 
 by Dr. Eisen at Niles, Calif. 
 
 1891, November 10th. — At Stockton, Calif., 
 .-Vrion trots in 2:10%, the world's two-year- 
 old record. 
 
 1891, November 17th. — Palo Alto estab- 
 lishes a world's stallion record by trotting a 
 mile in 2 -08%. 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1891, December 9th. — At the St. Louis 
 National Stock Yards first exhibition of oar- 
 loa(l8 rtf live stock for prizes in pens of a 
 
 public Ktock yard. Premiums paid by Philip 
 H. Hale, publisher National Live Stock 
 Reporter. 
 
 ■^j^img ^em 
 
 i6Si-,»tt.--^.-:»i»..>^ . 
 
 HAPPY MEDIUM, 2:32V2 — TROTTING 
 SIRE. By Hambletonian. Sire of Nancy 
 Hanks, 2:04; Riley Medium, 2:10V4: Maxie 
 Cobb, 2:13%; and many others in the 2:15 
 list. Prom copyright photo by permission of 
 Schreiber & Sons, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1892, February 4th. — tierman, Hanoverian 
 and rjldenburs Coach Horse Association of 
 Anierii-a organized. Pre;5ident, A. H. Hol- 
 bert, of Greeley. Iowa; Secretary, Jeptha 
 Crouch, of Lafayette. Ind. 
 
 1893. April 27th. — First car-load of toma- 
 toes fr.>m Florida shipped to Engrland. 
 
 1893, June .5th. — ^Sir John, by Sir ModreO. 
 took a record of 2: 14 14 for a mile and five- 
 sixteenths over the New York Jockey Club 
 Course. 
 
 ^ 
 
 * 1 
 
 p%ftMiii&.i:l 
 
 
 
 . 'm.^i^ 
 
 . 
 
 
 i 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 / p 
 
 NANCY HANKS, 2:04. 
 
 1893. — Nancy Hanks, the famous daughter 
 of Happy Medium and Nancy Lee. by Dicta- 
 tor, jumped into fame by lowering the trot- 
 ting record to 2:07%. The record was made 
 at Chicago, 111., August 17th, Budd Doble 
 driving.:. It was an atteinpt against tiine. On 
 the last da.y of tha siame month, at Inde- 
 pendence, Iowa, she performed the phenom- 
 enal feat of taking two more full seconds 
 off the record, reducing it to 2:05%. A 
 month later, at Terre Haute, Ind., driven by 
 Doble, she brought the mark down to 2:04, 
 her best record. Thus from August 17th to 
 September 2.Sth, a space of forty-one days, 
 this thrice-crowned chamipion cut 4 V4 seconds 
 from the world's great record. She was in- 
 indeed a marvel. The Bike Sulky dates from 
 this time in trotting and pacing races. 
 
 1893.--Mr. Geo. C. Roedding, of San Fran- 
 cisco. Calif., secured consignments of figs 
 contaipin.g Blastophagas (the flg fertilizing 
 in.sect) from Smyrna, in Asia. 
 
 1892. — American pears, plums, peaches and 
 oran^ges were tirst exported commercially to 
 England. 
 
 1893. — Largest receipts of cattle in one 
 year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 :!,ri71,7;'6 head. 
 
 1893. — Sheep in Ireland, 4,827,777, the 
 largest numbei known in that country. 
 
 1892, July 21st. — ^Maid Marian, in her 
 ihree-ycar-old form, set the mile and twenl.v 
 .■N ards running record at 1:40 at Washington 
 Park, Chicago. 
 
 1803, September 22d. — At Providence, R. I., 
 Belle Hamlin and Honest George trotted a 
 inilo as a team against time, and brought 
 'the record to 2: 12 ',4, beating the previous 
 record of 2:13, made in 1S91 by Belle Hamllin 
 anil JuKtina. 
 
 1892. -Potts & Son's Shorthorn steer King, 
 chainpion at Stock Yards Fat .Stock Show, 
 t 'hit-a.go. 
 
 1893, Septen\her. — Largest receipts of cattle 
 in one montn at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 38rj,)t;9 head. 
 
 1893. — Sir Hugo, sired by Wisdom and 
 owned by liOrd Bradford, took the Dnglish 
 Derby from a field of thirteen starters. The 
 time, 2:44, was fair. LaFleche was second. 
 
 1893. — Grover Cleveland, President of the 
 United States, his second term, serving four 
 years. 
 
 MASCOT, 2:04 — PACING GELDING. In 
 the year 1S92, for the first time, a trotter, 
 Nancy Hanks, and a pacer, M.ASCOT, divided 
 the honor of being the fastest light-harness 
 performer. 
 
 1892, November Sth. — Direct paces a mile 
 in i;:0."i'i, making a world's stallion record. 
 This at Columbus, Tenn. 
 
 1893, November 10th. — Western Holstein- 
 I'riesian Association incorporated. President, 
 M. E. Moore, of Cameron, Mo.; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, E. F. Irwin, of Richfield, Minn. ; Treas- 
 urer. ,T. B. Zinn, of Topeka, Kas. ; Secretarj-, 
 W. F. Whitney, of Marshall, Mo. 
 
 1893. — ^I,owest wheat, in October, 69% 
 cents; highest, 91% cents, in February. 
 
 1893. — Columbian Exposition Shorthorn 
 contest. Champion bull, any age. Colonel T. 
 .S. Moberley's Young Abbotsburn; champion 
 female, J. G. Robbins & Sons' Gay Mary. 
 
 1893. — Early in this year California made 
 her first attempt to export fruit to England 
 under the general management of the Earl 
 Trust Company. The orange growers of 
 Azusa, Duarte and Covina, Los Angeles 
 county, contributed the fruit. One car, con- 
 taining 290 boxes, left New York on the 
 steamer Teutonic on March Sth, consigned 
 to L. Connolly & Co., of Liverpool. The con- 
 signiTient was a success. The authoriity of 
 this statement is Bailey's Annals of Horti- 
 culture. 
 
 1893. — liowest wheat. In July, 54% cents; 
 highest, in April, 88 cents. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 65 
 
 18!)3. — Nishtingale, by Mamibrino Kintr, 
 dam l).\' Hambletonian. 57 2, placed the three- 
 mile trotting record at 6:051/2. 
 
 ISO;;. — ^Mnscot, bay gelding, by Deceive, 
 divided honor.s with the trotting mare Nancy 
 Hanks Dy reducing- the one-mile paciiii{ 
 record to 2:04. Thi.s at Terre Haute, IncL, 
 i^ieptember U-th. 
 
 1893. — Dr. C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, Calif., 
 imported two Angora buclis from Soutli 
 Africa. 
 
 1893. — Champion beef animal at Columbia ii 
 Exposition, the Shorthorn beef steer Coii 
 Bearer, exhibited by Milton E. Jones, of 
 Williamsville, 111. 
 
 1893. — Isinglass, by Isonomy. owned by \V. 
 H. McCalmont, won the EngliNli I)erby in 
 2:43. 
 
 18!(3, March 10th. — First bottle of "certi- 
 fleld milk" delivered by Stephen Francisco, 
 of Essex count.v. New Jersey. 
 
 1893. — F. J. Merriam, pioneer market gar- 
 dener of Georgia, commenced operations in 
 this year near Atlanta, 
 
 1893. July 4th. — ^At Kirkwood, Del., Ayres 
 P.. a chestnut gelding by Prosper Merrimee, 
 trotted a mile against time along-side of a 
 running mate in 2: 0:3'/.. 
 
 HON. J. STERLING MORTON. 
 
 1893. — J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of 
 Agricultnre during second term of President 
 Cleveland. 
 
 1893. — American Yorkshire Association 
 organized, lion. VV. M. IJggett. President; 
 :incl Major .\. C. Wili(>.\. Secretary. 
 
 1893, SeptcmVier 15th. — Flying Jib, bay 
 gelding liy y\lgona, pa^-es a mile in 2:04 .at 
 Chicago, equaling the world's record. This 
 was a performance against time. 
 
 1893, October 17th. — Fantasy, bav mare bv 
 Chimes, trots in 2:0S% at Nashville. Tenn", 
 ' sialilishing the world's record for threc- 
 .>':ir-old liUy. 
 
 ISiK!, (Jctolier ISth.— At Nashville, Tenn., 
 
 I directum, by Director. trots in 2:05^, 
 
 ' laltlishing a world's four-year-old recortl. 
 
 I8!>3.— The San Jose scale, the most dan- 
 
 irou-: enemy to Irnit trees, discovered m 
 
 ■ I'M Jeisey. It was brought from ("alifornia 
 
 upon nu'-t-ery stock. 
 
 1893. — At l.uenhurg. Mass., I.nther Bur- 
 I ink originated th ; famous Biirhank |totat<i. 
 Mi:- Hist Imiiorlunt succe.ss in plant im- 
 ;'i()veinc;it. 
 
 1894. Cotton ))oll weevil fiist came to 
 ;i"lice of Dei.art iiunl of Agriculture a.-; im- 
 iHiitant enemy of cottou in Texas. 
 
 IXiX. July nth. — The fastest time for a milo 
 ■Mul three-eiglilhs was made by .Sabine, liy 
 !;nssingt(m, al Wasliington Park, Chicago, 
 'lie record being 2:18%. 
 
 1894, August. — First car of crated cabbage 
 hipped from Denver, Colo., by C. T. Fort. 
 
 1894, September l:ith. — Robert J., a bay 
 I'lding Viy Hartford, establishes world's 
 mile pacing record in 2:01i'; at Terre Haute, 
 1 11 (liana. 
 
 AT.IX. 2: 
 
 IS94. — Division of soils organized in the 
 I'niled States W'eatlier Bureau by executive 
 irder. afterwards enlarged in Department of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 1894. — The fastest team record in a trot- 
 ting race vvas placed at 2:51% by Sally Sim- 
 mons, a daughter of Simmons, and Sally 
 Adams, by John Burdine, and Roseleaf, a 
 mare by Goldleaf, dam Florence B., by 
 Atlantic. 
 
 1894, September 19th. — Allx, bay mare, by 
 i'atronage. dam by Attorney, placed the 
 mile trotting match at 2:0:5%, at Galesburg, 
 driven by .\ndy McDowell. 
 
 1894, September 27th. — Abdell. bay colt, by 
 \dvertiser, establishes yearling world's trot- 
 ling record for one mile In 2:2;3 at Stockton, 
 I 'alifornia. 
 
 1894. --The system of putting up cotton in 
 <ylindrical bales started at Waco, Texas. 
 
 1894, October 3d. — At Chilllcothe. Ohio, 
 Flying .Jib, the famous pacer, hitched with 
 a running mate, went the mile in the re- 
 markably fast time of 1:581,4, the fastest 
 mile negotiated to that time by a harness 
 horse; but the momentum given by the 
 runner takes some merit from the perform- 
 ance. This style of racing is not now in 
 vogue. 
 
 1894. October 9th. — Maid Marian, the four- 
 year-old daughter of Imported Great Tom, 
 gallope<l Hve-eighths of a mile over the New 
 York (straight) Course in 0:56%, breaking 
 all records. 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES, 
 
 1894. — At the Dairy Show in England in 
 this year a pair of Sinsle-comb Bud' Orping- 
 ton fowls were exliibite<l by Mr. Cook, of 
 
 Tower House, Orpington, the originator of 
 tlie breed. 
 
 1894. — Lowest No. 2 cash wheat in Septem- 
 ber, 50 cent.«; highest, in April, 65% cent.s. 
 
 1894. — Ameiieaii Agriculturist changed 
 from a montlily to a weelily publication. 
 
 1894. — Champion beef animal at American 
 Fat Stock .Show, the Shorthorn steer 
 "Whiskers," exhibited by J. H. Potts & 
 Sons. Weight at 1,048 days, 1,776 pounds. 
 
 189-l.-'-Whie Cupid, a famous variety of 
 the sweet pea, discovered as a chance sport 
 on the seed f.irnis of C. C. Morse & Co., of 
 California. 
 
 1894. — Gilbert II. Hicks placed in charge 
 of lirst government laboratory for testing 
 seeds. 
 
 1894. — Ijord Roseberry won the Englisli 
 Derby with I,adas, by Hampton, in 2:45 4-5. 
 The field was the smallest in the liistory of 
 the classic, there being only seven starters. 
 
 1895. — The trotting reeortl for three miles 
 of 7:16 ',4, in a race, was made by Fairy- 
 wood, a bay gelding by Milbourne, dam by 
 Fairy Gift. 
 
 1895, February 11th. — I^argest receipts of 
 hogs in one day at the Union Slock Yards, 
 Chicago, 74,551 head. 
 
 1895. — Gallowa.v cattle shown at Birming- 
 ham and Smithfleld. 
 
 1895, April 5th. — Horse and mule market 
 opened at the St. I>ouis National Stock 
 Yards by John Kirk and T. T. Ruby, com- 
 mii^sion salesmen, and A. Heiman, mule 
 dealer. .John Kirk held the first auction. 
 
 MR. A. HEIMAN, mule dealer, who — as 
 the only operator in the yards at the time 
 • — established the great modern mule market 
 at the St. Louis National Stock Yards. 
 
 1895, July 24 th.— The Sioux City Stock 
 
 Yards passed into possession of the Siou.x 
 City Stock Yards Company. Col. I. C. 
 Elston, President, of Crawfordsville, Ind. : 
 Mr. F. W. Estabrook, Vice-President, of 
 Nashua, N. H. ; Mr. F. L. Eaton, Secretary 
 and Treasurer, of Sioux City, Iowa. ; Mr. H. 
 P. Chesley, General Manager, of s-ioux City. 
 Iowa. The Board of Directors Included 
 Messrs. John Ellis, of Kewanee, 111.; Joseph 
 C. Head, of I^atrobe, Pa. ; Wm. Reynolds, of 
 Marblehead, Mass.; and Michael Cudahy, of 
 Chicago, lU. 
 
 1895, September 10th. — ^The steamship 
 Southern Cross, 5,050 tons register, arrived 
 at London from Sydney, Australia, laden 
 with cattle, sheep and horses. This was the 
 first large cattle shipment of live animals 
 from "the Antarctic continent. The ship's 
 \'oyage was by way of Montevidio, in order 
 to avoid the heat of the Red Sea. The ship 
 ment consisted of 550 cattle, 4.S8 sheep and 
 29 horses, all in charge of thirty men. The 
 deaths en route were fifty-two cattle, 
 eighty-two sheep and one horse. The cost 
 of transportation, feed and attendance was 
 $68.25 per head for horses and cattle and 
 $6.00 per liead for sheep. The shipment was 
 not a financial success. 
 
 1895. — Lowest wheat, in January, 4S% 
 cent.'?, lieing the lowest on record; liighest of 
 the year, in May, 85% cents. 
 
 MR. THOS. : W. CROUCH, tnule dealer and 
 representatise of the old Broadway Mule 
 Market of St. T^ouis, who contracted for the 
 removal of the entire mule trade of the city 
 of St. I.ouis to the National Stock Yards. 
 
 1896, February 3d. — The old Broadway 
 horso and mule market at St. Louis, which, 
 beginning at a period around 1853, had 
 become the greatest in the world, was 
 totally abandoned, all of the remaining firms 
 removing to the St. Louis National Stock 
 Yards, where the modern St. I^ouis horse and 
 mule market had previously been estab- 
 'ished. The firms which moved across the 
 river were the Western Sale Stables Com- 
 pany; Maxwell & Crouch Mule Company; 
 Sparks Bros.; Charles Cahn & Son; Jacques, 
 Levy & Co.; and J. D. Guyton & Co. Thiit 
 day's receipts were 1,372 head. 
 
 1896. — Lord Roseberry won the English 
 Derby for the second time with Sir Visto, a 
 «on of Barcaldine. Time, 2:43 2-5. 
 
 1896. — ^This year the maximum crop of 
 Sea Island cotton in the United States was 
 grown, tliere being 103,516 bales reported 
 to the United States government as the crop 
 of lSflfi-97. 
 
 1890, — In this year the record of 2:30 for a 
 mile was made by a four-in-hand of trotters, 
 consisting of Damiana, a chestnut mare; 
 Belnut, a chestnut gelding; and Maud V. and 
 Nut.spra, also chestnut mares; all sired by 
 Nutmeg. 
 
 1896, March 24tli. — Patent for a single-disc 
 plow granted to C. A. Hardy, and manu- 
 factured by the Texas Disc Plow Co. 
 
 1896. — At Madison ..Square Garden Live 
 Stock Show the Hereford steer "Jack," a 
 yearling, was grand champion. 
 
 1896, June. — Top native cattle at Chicago 
 sold at $4.65 per 100 pounds, the lowest in 
 aljout twenty-live years. 
 
 1896. — Mr. Arnold Oooper, of Richmond, 
 Matal, South Africa, noticed grasshoppers to 
 be dying from fungus disease. The knowl- 
 edge since used for destruction of the grass- 
 hopper pest. 
 
 1896. — The Prince of Wales' entry. Per- 
 simmon, a son of St, Simon, won the English 
 Derby from a field of eleven in the fast 
 lime of 2:42, St. Frusquin running second. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 67 
 
 1896, June 6(h. — The use nf harmless 
 ooloringr matter in the manufacture of 
 cheese was specially authorized l)y law. 
 
 JOHN R. GENTRY, 2:nL"/2. 
 
 1896, September :i4th. — John R. Gentry, 
 bay horse by Ashland Wilkes, paces a mile 
 in :i:n()V4, establi.'^hinij a world's record. 
 
 1896. — Buff Orpington fowls established as 
 a distinct family in this year. 
 
 1896.- -Vegetable eannlng on commercial 
 basis. Record for United States and Canada, 
 o,5!l,1Sf> cases of tomatoes and 2,676,515 
 cases of canned corn. Each case contained 
 two do^en standard cans. 
 
 1896, October 1st. — ^I'irst Rural Free De- 
 liverj- Postal Routes established in thi.s 
 country at Halltown, Uvilla and Charlestown, 
 W. \^a! Hon. Wm. L. Wilson was Postmaster- 
 General. 
 
 1896. — T-o«est wheat. In June, 58% cents; 
 highest, in November, 94% cen:.s. 
 
 1897, January 1st. — The West Philadelphia 
 Stock Yard Company succeeded the old 
 Stock "Yard Company, which had been In 
 business since 1S76. Officers of the new 
 company: Thos. B. Shriver, President; and 
 .Foseph M. Harlan, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 Board of Directors — Thos. B. Shriver, S. W. 
 Allerton, D. H. Sherman, D. B. Martin, A. 
 M. Fuller, W. M. Fuller and Joseph M. 
 Harlan. 
 
 1897. — .At the meeting- nf the Assoicatioii 
 of Agricultural Colleges and Kxperiment Sta- 
 tions a committee was ai)pointed, consistinij 
 of Profe.esors Jenkins, Card. I.,azenby, Mc- 
 Carthy and Mr. Gilbert H. Hicks, to draw up 
 rules and regulations for seed testing. 
 
 1897. — Galtee mare, owned by J. Gubhins, 
 captured the Knglish Derby in 2:44, Velas- 
 quez lieing second. The winner was sired by 
 Kendal, a hor-'e of no great pronxinence. 
 
 1897. —Wm. McKinley. President of the 
 United States, serving four years and until 
 re-elected, when he died at the hands of the 
 assassin. 
 
 1897. — New era in rice culture. "Provi- 
 ilence" rice dependent upon rainfall and 
 hand plowing, .'•ucceeiled by irrigation and 
 thorough machinery methods. 
 
 1897. — James Wilson, of Iowa, Secretary of 
 Xgricultlire.appolnted liy President McKinley. 
 
 1897. -First commercial seed testing lahor- 
 :»(ory In the Lluited States established by Mr. 
 i"r;ink Sempers at Blythedale, Md. 
 
 1897. — At the American Fat Stock Show 
 'lie Hereford steer "Jack" was charrupion; a 
 1 wo-year-old, weighing 1,830 pounds. 
 
 1897, May 2iith. — Handpress, the remark- 
 able son of Hanover, in his two-year-old 
 form, with 100 pounds up, set the four-and- 
 one-half furlong record at 0:52 at the New 
 York ,Tockey Club meeting. 
 
 1897. —Rex N. Blaxland imported pure-bred 
 Angora goats into New South Wales, Aus- 
 tralia, from the island of Tasmania — ^the 
 pioneer fiock of the modern Angora industry 
 in New South Wales. 
 
 J. J. SEARCY on left, JOiSEPH MAX- 
 WELL, in center, and FRANK SLOAN on 
 the right, three of the pioneers of the St. 
 Louis horse and mule market. 
 
 BROWN U \L J 1J1. -^ ' 1 
 
 Hal. Sire of Star Pointer, 1 :];i'4, aii^l iii.iiiv 
 other great pacers. From photograph by 
 .Scbreiber. BROWN HAL was foaled in IST'.i 
 and bred by R. H. Moore, of CuUeoka. Tenn. 
 
 1897. — Seed and plant introduction first 
 undertaken by the Department of Agricult- 
 ure on systematic scale. 
 
 1897, June. — p'xperiments in pasteurization 
 
 of cream for the i>urpose of improving the 
 keeping qualities of butter were conducted 
 at Hesston Creamery, Newton, Kansas, by 
 T. H. Monrad, Special Agent Dairy Division, 
 Tnited States Bureau of Animal Industry. 
 Results favorable to pasteurization, but not 
 ' lca.rly and distinctly so. 
 
 1897, July. — At this time the United 
 .'-Jtates Department of Agriculture first began 
 lO distribute vaccine virus for the prevention 
 "f blackleg in cattle. Age for inoculation. 
 .six to tw?nty-four month.*. 
 
 1897. — Lowest wheal _ in April. 64 i^ cents; 
 highest of the year, in December, $1.09. 
 
 1897, October Sth. — At Glen Falls. N. Y., 
 .lohn R. Gentry and Robert J., pacing as a 
 ti-ani, against time, set the mark at 2;0:<. 
 
 1397, December 1st. — First auction sale of 
 pure-bred hogs ( Berkshires) at the St.Louis 
 National Stock Yards. 
 
 1897, Decembei- 27th. — First meeting of the 
 American Taiiiworth Swine Record Associa- 
 tion. I'resident, B. F. Miller, of Flini., 
 Mich.; Secretary and Treasurer, E. O. W'ood, 
 also of Flint, Mich. ; Directors, F. P. Smith, 
 F. II. Rankin and J. J. Carton. 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1897. — Star Pointer, liay horse, by Brown 
 Hal, dam Sweepstakes, by Snow Heels, 
 reduced the pacing mark to l:.'59i/i. This at 
 Readvijle, M.'iss., August 2Sth. 
 
 STAPx P(.>!N'n:ii. 1;50' 
 
 1898, .January 26th. — The National L,ive 
 Stock Association organized in Denver, Colo. 
 Officers: John W. Springer, of Denver, Colo., 
 President; Hon. John M. Holt, of Miles 
 City, Mont., Vice-President: George T^. 
 Ooulding of Denver. Colo.. Treasurer: an'l 
 C. F. Martin, of Denver, Colo., Secretary. 
 
 189S, February 12th. — Judge Denny, the 
 five-year-old son of Fresno, placed the turt 
 record for two miles, running, at 3:26y2. 
 Thia was done at Oakland, Calif, the horse 
 having 105 pounds up. 
 
 1898, March. — Organization of Continental 
 Dorset Club witli J. Fremont Hickman, 
 President: Joseph K. Wing, Secretary. Pur- 
 pose, registration and advancement of 
 Dorset sheep. 
 
 1898, April 1st. — ^Open;ng of the modern 
 and enlarged market for live stock at St. 
 •Joseph, Mo. President. G. F. Swift; Vice- 
 President and General Manager, J. T. Don- 
 ovan. Other Piirectors: Ernest Lindsey, O. 
 M. Spencer, A. H. Veeder, Edward Morris 
 and E. G. Aaugh. 
 
 1898, .\pri! 3 0th. — The steamship "Waes- 
 land. of the International Navigation Com- 
 pany, left I'hiladelphia, carrying with other 
 freight.s .an experimental shipment of 
 American eggs for sale in Knglanrt. The 
 I ggs were sold in Manchester. The average 
 price was 1,t cent.s per dozen.. Although 
 the mnrket was low at this time and the 
 i-Iiipment n'as a financial failure, it was a 
 Ijioneer moveinent, which led to good 
 re-^iuUs. The shipment was made under the 
 direction of the Dairy Division of the 
 Bureau of Animal Industry. 
 
 1.''98, July Ifith. — The running record for 
 a mile and a half was made by Goodrich, a 
 son of Patron. at Washington Park, 
 '"'"licago, the lime being 2:30%. 
 
 A pair of Texas Angora?. 
 
 1.S98, August 30th. — The fastest authentic 
 record made in the sale of range horses was 
 establislied at the St. I.ouis National Stock 
 Yards, where W. F. Callicott sold 1,200 head 
 in 91 ininutes. They were sold in car-load 
 lots: liut even so, the performance wa.<3 
 phenomenal. The horses sold belonged lo 
 the Crow Indian Agency, Montana. 
 
 1898, August ;Ust. — The two-mile record 
 for a horse race over hurdles was taken by 
 Forfet. the then excellent daughter cf 
 Exile, at Sheepishead Bay, N. Y.. the time 
 being "3:45 2-!). The race was run with 158 
 pounds up. 
 
 1898. — Public attention was first called to 
 ihe utility of crude petroleum oil in road 
 Iietteriiient through experiments made by 
 I lie county of I^os Angeles, in California, 
 where six mile.s were oiled in that year 
 under the direction of the Supervisors. 
 
 189S — This was the biggest year in hog 
 receipts at any market, Chicago receiving 
 •~\ SI 7. 114 head. 
 
 1898.-— Ivowest wheat, in October, 62 cents; 
 lut;hest of the year, •H-S.'i, caused by the 
 Leiter Corner, in May. 
 
 1898, December. — Enumeration of cold 
 '■loifige of apples at this time indicated SOO 
 l.,irr( Is in cominercial warehouses, increas- 
 iMLT by the year 1902 to 2,978,050 barrels 
 li(>l(i in winter storage. 
 
 1808.-— J. W. Lariiack's horse Jeddah 
 I lie winner of the Knglish Derby in the slow 
 time of 2:1(. A horse named Batt was 
 second. 
 
 1898. — Cotton .crop of season 1898-99 
 ]ar,gest up to this time, being 11,275,000 
 ronimercial bales. 
 
 1899, May 2nth. — In a trial against time at 
 Oakland. Calif., the mare I^ucretia Borgia, 
 b.y Imported Brutus, galloped four miles in 
 7:11. The next best time for the distance is 
 7:HP,1>, made by The Bachelor, at Oakland. 
 
 1899.^Flying Fox, the great son of Orme, 
 owned by the Du'-ce of Westminster, captured 
 the English Derby, making the distance in 
 2:42 4-5. Damocles ran second. 
 
 1899. — Mr. C. P. Bailey, of California, in.- 
 ported one Angola ram from Cape Town. 
 
 1899, October 3d. — The three-fourths of a 
 mile running record was broken by Firearm, 
 a son of Raymond d"Or, over the straight 
 i^nurse at Morris Park, the time being set at 
 1 :0S%. 
 
 1899, November ISth. — Kyrat, a three-year- 
 old, by Teuton, ran two and one-iialf miles 
 at Newport, Ky., in 4:24%. 
 
 National 
 PARMER 
 
 'Ik-- 
 
 #■ 
 
 • - Stock 
 GROWER 
 
 1899. — The National Farmer and Stock 
 Grower, a monthly farm paper, established 
 at the St. Ivouis National Stock ITards by 
 Philip H. Hale. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 69 
 
 1899, December. — Home butter-fat tests of 
 
 Guernsey cows: First prize. Lily Dlla, 7,240, 
 913. .S j>ounfls butter; second prize. Lilyita. 
 7,2'I1, 828.95 pounds butter; third prize. 
 Counte.ss' Bishop, 7.869, 521. 71 pounds butter 
 in one year. 
 
 1899. — T'unois. 'the five-year-old son of 
 Florist, ran his record-breaking seven and 
 one-half furlongs at Oakland Calif., in 1:32^4. 
 
 1899. — Lowest wheat, in December, G4 
 cent.s; highest of the year, in May, 79 ',i 
 cents. 
 
 1900. — In this year Col. T. C. Nye. who 
 had a little home place in La Salle county. 
 Texas, near Cutulla. and a windmill whicli 
 whicli he pumped to irrigate a small home 
 KHrden. obtained a few Bermuda onion seeds 
 and planted them, and he raised the first 
 crop of Bermuda onions in the United States. 
 To George Copp, one of Col. Nye's neighbors, 
 is due the credit of raising and shipping the 
 first car of onions. 
 
 1900. — A valuable variety of long-staple 
 upland cotton, called Sunflower, is the off- 
 spring of seeds shipped to an oil mill at 
 Yazoo City. Miss., in this year, and pur- 
 chased for planting by Marx Schaefer. 
 
 1900. — A bi-centenary exhibition of sweet 
 lieas held in London in July. 
 
 1900. — The Prince of Whales again won the 
 Ii:n.!;lish Derl)y, this time with Diamond 
 .Tuiiilee. a son of St. Simon. The time \wis 
 2:42. and Simon Dale was second. 
 
 1900. — Fourten incubator patents grnnteil 
 in this year. 
 
 1900. — Split- wing distributing shaft im- 
 provement in gear of cream separators, in- 
 vented by John Joseph Berigan, of Orange. 
 New .Jersey. 
 
 1900. — The United States Census reported 
 5,7;;9,657 farms in the United States, an in 
 crease of 1,175,016 in ten years. 
 
 1900. — Center of United States population, 
 twenty miles east of Columibus. Ind. 
 
 1900. — Coney, black gelding, by McKinney, 
 dam Grace Kaiser, by Kaiser, paced a mile 
 to wagon in a race in 2:05%, reducing the 
 mark of 2:10% made in 1899 by Arlington. 
 
 1900. — Pride of the North, a standard 
 \arietv of corn, originated about this time by 
 F. \. Warner, of Sibley, 111. 
 
 1900. — Center of the number of farms in 
 the United States. 110 iniles east by south of 
 St. Louis, in Wayne county. Illinois. 
 
 1900. — In a pacing record for teams, 
 Charley B. and Bobby Hal broke all forni'ir 
 records by going a mile in 2:13. The be.^-t 
 previous record was inade in 1892 by Belle 
 Button and Thomias Ryder. Charley B. was 
 by Octoroon, dam untraced. and Bobby Hal 
 by the same sire, dam by Royal George, Jr. 
 
 1900, February 27th. — At New Orleans. La.. 
 Julius Caesar, a flve-year-old. ran a mile 
 and seven-eighths in 3:19. the greatst record 
 for the distance. 
 
 1900, ,Iune. — Organization of the Illinois 
 .Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 
 
 1900, July 21st. — Ovimar. a six-year-old. 
 carrying 109 pounds, covered tlie mile track 
 at AVashin.aton Park, Chicago, in 1:38. 
 
 1900. — The fastest mile trotting record lo 
 wagon against time was made by The Abbot. 
 bv Chimes, dam Nettie King, by Mambrin.> 
 King. It was 2:05%. and reduced the record 
 of 2:07 formerly held by Lucille. 
 
 1900. August. — ^W. D. Flatt. Canadian 
 breeder of Shorthorns, sold fifty nine head at 
 Chicago, 111., for an average of $793.40. the 
 top price oeing $2,600. 
 
 1000, August 4th. — At Brighton Beach. 
 N. Y., Ethelbert established a record of 
 3:49 for two miles and a quarter. She caried 
 124 pounds. 
 
 1900. — ^Aftei six years of uninterrupted 
 supremacy for Ali.x. The Abbot broke tlie 
 trotting record, establishing a mark of 
 2:03 '4 at Terre Haute. Ind., September 25th. 
 He was sired by Chimes, and his dam was 
 Nettie King, by Mambrino King. 
 
 ISOO. — Pari« Horse Exposition, Septembe"- 
 1st to 10th. Grand champion carriage horse 
 Sir Walter Gijliey's Hackney stallion. Hedon 
 Scjuire. Champion Percheron stallion. Dun- 
 ham. Fletcher & Coleman's Castelar, bred by 
 M. Edward Perriott. 
 
 1900, October 13th. — The famous mare 
 Ethelbert negotiated a mile and threo- 
 quarlers at Morris I'ark, N. Y.. in 2:58y2- 
 This record is held jointly with Latson, who 
 established the same time a year later; but 
 the performance of Ethelbert is the more 
 meritorious in that she caried 126 pounds 
 against Latson's 95 pounds. 
 
 1900, No\ember. — The Hapgood Plow 
 Company, of Alton, 111., oo-mmenced the 
 inanufacture of the (M. T.) Hancock Ad- 
 justable Hevolving Disc Plow. 
 
 1900, December 1st. — 'Permanent Intercol- 
 legiate liive Stock Judging Contest instituted, 
 ihe reward being a inemorial called The 
 .■^poor Trophy, to be kept by winning teams 
 from year to year, but not toi become the 
 property of any college. The trophy was 
 offered by Mr. .1. A. Spoor, President of the 
 I'hicago Union Slock Yards, and is a great 
 incentive to students in studies of stock 
 ."iudging. 
 
 I900.---Lowest whea,t in January, filVz 
 c6nts; highest, in June, ST Vz cents. 
 
 1900, December. — ^Aberdeen-Angus steer 
 
 Advance, champion of International Exposi- 
 tion, sold at $1.50 per pound on foot. 
 
 1900, December. — Champion load of cattle 
 at Chicago International Exposition sold at 
 $15.50 per 100 pounds, the highest car-load 
 price on record. 
 
 1900, December 1st to 8th. — First Chicago 
 International Live Stock Exhibition. W. E'. 
 Skinnei. Gen.^ral Manager. 
 
 1900, December 4th. — At Chicago, the 
 famous Hereford bull March On, 13th, sold 
 at auction by Van Natta & Son, of Fowler, 
 111., bought bv Moffat Bros, at $3,500. 
 
 DOLLY, 5th — Famous Hereford cow. 
 
 1900, December 5th. — At Chicago, the 
 Hereford cow, Dolly. 5th, 71,988. and calf, 
 bred by .lohn Hooker, of New London. Ohio, 
 and owned by Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill, 
 Ind.. sold to C. A. Jamison, of Peoria. III., at 
 auction, for $3,150. being the record price for 
 any Hereford cow to that date. 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1900. — At the Paris Universal Exposition, 
 Samuel Hiaugdahl, of New Sweden, Minn., 
 U. S. A., won the errand prlx d'honneur for a 
 tub of butter exhibited at the Special Show 
 held in May. This was the only instance 
 during- the entire Exposition in which the 
 highest honor was awarded to an individual 
 exhibitor for a dairy product. 
 
 1900. — First American Royal Show at 
 Kansas City. Grand sweepstakes steer, OJd 
 Times. 94,031, pure-bred Hereford, exhibited 
 by T. F. p.. Southam, of Chillicothe, Mo. 
 
 1900. — The heaviest total of horses and 
 mules ever attracted to any one point up to 
 ♦his time were marketed at St. Louis, the 
 .total tor the year being 178,921 head. 
 
 1900, December 11th and 12th. — K. D. 
 Armour and James A. Funkhouser sold Kifl 
 Herefords at auction at Kansas City for an 
 average ot $351.60. 
 
 1900. — Sir John Bennett Lawes, great 
 agricultural experimenter, died at Rothani- 
 sted, Eng;land, at the age of 86 years. 
 
 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 
 
 1901, January 25th. — At Kansas City Clem 
 Graves, of Bunker Hill, Ind., sold the three- 
 year-old Hereford heifer Carnation, 77,704, 
 sire Acrobat, for $3,700, to J. C. Adams, of 
 Moweaqua, 111. • Average of 200 Herefords 
 at this sale nearly $380 per head. 
 
 1901, January. — In an offcial test the Hol- 
 stein-Friesian cow Ulith Pauline De Kol. 
 43,434, owned by H. D. Roe, of Augusta, 
 N. J., made 28,236 pounds of butter, SO per 
 cent, fat in seven days. She gave in this 
 time 653.4 pounds of milk which averaged 
 3.48 per cent. fat. This cow made the largest 
 official record of any Holstein-Fricsian cow 
 tested to date. 
 
 1901, February 12th. — ^Sale of Berksliin- 
 swine at Biltmore, N. C. Fifty-one head 
 averaged $102, the top price being $250. 
 
 1901, March. — William Harris, oif West 
 Smithfield, Essex, England, killed a two- 
 and-one-half-year-old Jersey red boar. I^ive 
 weight, 1,610 pounds; dressing 1,337 pounds; 
 21,^ feet across loin; 2% feet across hams; 9 
 feet in girth; 9 feet tip of nose to end of 
 tail. 
 
 1901, March 6th to Sth. — Dispersion sale of 
 Aberdeen-Angus cattle, herd of Charles 
 Escher & Son. of Botna. Iowa, at Chicaj^o. 
 117 cows averaged $483.05; twenty-six bulls 
 averaged $465.95; and 143 head avera.i??d 
 $479.95. Top sales: Female, Imp. Krivina, 
 28,475, $1,700; bull, Orin of Long Branch, 
 $1,300. 
 
 1901, March 12th and 13th. — At South 
 Omiaha, Neb., T. R. Westro^e & Son sold 
 eighty-one Shorthorns for an average of 
 $454.85 per head. The sale included Sweet 
 Violet, 2d, by Lavender King, and female 
 calf, sold to G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., 
 for $3,705, the record price for a Scotch 
 Shorthorn female. 
 
 1901, April 5th. — Combination sale of 
 Shorthorns at Chicago, III. Forty-six head 
 averaged .*719.13. Victoria of Hill Farm, 
 6th, and female calf, consigned by C. B. 
 Dustin & Son, of Summer Hill., 111., sold to 
 Frank Bellows, of Maryville, Mo., for $2,100. 
 1901, April 12th. — Jersey cow. Miss Thank- 
 ful, 2d, 131,969; test seven days, April 6th to 
 12th, 24 pounds 41/2 dunces butter; milk, 275 
 pounds. Owned by John A. Skannal, of 
 Bligo, La. 
 
 1901, April 18th and i9th. — Sale of Hol- 
 stein cattle at Syracuse, N. Y., by Clarence 
 F. & Will C. Hunt. Average of 128 cattle, 
 big, little, old and young, $101.60. The 
 twenty-three official record cows averaged 
 $179. 
 
 1901, Mav. — Imp. Missie, 165, Shorthorn 
 heifer, sold at $2,200 at the auction of 
 C. L. Oerlaush, of Osborn, Ohio. 
 
 1901, May 15th. — ^At Greenville, Ohio, 
 Polled Durham sale of Stewart & Martz in- 
 cluded the bull Cambridge Lad, sold at 
 $1,000, and the cow, Bracelet of Stillwator, 
 sold at $1,005, both to F. Hines, of Indianap- 
 olis, Ind. 
 
 1901, May 22d. — At Chicago, the Hereford 
 cow, Dolly 2d, 61,799, John Hooker, breeder 
 and owner, sold at auction with heifer calf 
 for $5,000 to N. y. Bowen, of Delphi, Ind. 
 
 1901, May 23d. — 'Blue Girl, as a two-year- 
 year-old, took the record for a mile and a 
 si.\teenth in 1:44% at Morris Park, N. Y. 
 
 1901, May 30th. — .At Coopersburg, Pa., T. 
 S. Cooper sold 108 head Jersey cattle at an 
 average of $157.75. The bull Golden Mon 
 Pllaisir, 59,936, son of Golden Lad, sold to 
 H. N. Higginbotham at $3,500. The cow, 
 Golden Rosebay, 157,333, sold to Biltmore 
 Farms for $2,775. 
 
 1901, June 4th. — At the combination sale 
 George E. Ward, of Hawarden, Iowa, sold 
 the Shorthorn Duchess of Gloucester, with 
 bull calf at side, for $2,500 to Brown .& 
 Randolph, of Indianola, Iowa. Average of 
 sixty Shorthorns at this sale, $748.33. 
 
 1901, June 12th. — Sale of Red Polled cattle 
 at Fairfleld, Neb., by S. McKelvie & Sons. 
 The cow, Prairie Blossom, 12,803, sold to G. 
 W. Coleman, of Webster City, Iowa, for 
 $1,005. Average for thirty-seven head, 
 $257.03. 
 
 1901, June. — The mile running record over 
 a circular track was broken by Brigadier at 
 ISheepshead Bay, N. Y., the distance being 
 negotiated in 1:37 4-5. 
 
 CRESCEUS, 2:0214. 
 
 1901. — On July 26th, Cresceus took the 
 trotting record at 2:02% at Cleveland, Ohi'>, 
 and on August 22d further reduced this 
 mark to 2:02 14 • This was at Columbus, 
 Ohio. The first quarter was in 29%; the 
 half, 59%; three-quarters in 1:30%. This 
 wa.s at the time the world's trotting record; 
 at this time — in 1906 — it is the stallion 
 record. Cresceus is a chestnut horse by the 
 great Robert McGregor, dam by Mambrino 
 Howard, and in all his record-breaking per- 
 formance was dti\en by his owner, Geo. H. 
 Ketcham. 
 
 1901, August 7th. — At Chicago, Geo, Har- 
 ding & Sons, of Waukesha, W^is., sold forty- 
 three Shorthorns at an average of $656. Su. 
 
 1901, August loth. — ^Cresceus defeats The 
 Abbot in a famous trotting contest at 
 Brighton Beach. The time was 2:0:!'i, 
 making world's mile trotting record in a 
 race. 
 
 1901, August 22d.— At Columbus, Ohio, 
 Cresceus lowered the trotting record to 
 2:02«. 
 
 1901. — In this year Hon. P. D. Coburn, 
 Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture 
 of Kansas, issued a book entitled "Alfalfa," 
 containing directions for planting, growing 
 and harvesting this excellent forage crop, 
 resulting in immense increase in :ilfalfa 
 acreage in the Tinited States. 
 
 1901, September 5th. — The best record ever 
 made for a mile and seventy yards was 
 established by Jiminez, a three-year-old, 
 ^carrying 101 pounds. It was 1:42%, and 
 was made at the Harlem track, Chicago. 
 
 1901, October 2d. — McChesne.v, in his two- 
 year-old form, established the six and one- 
 half furlong running record of 1:18 4-5 at 
 Harlem Park, Chicago. 
 
 1901, October 3d. — ^At Newton, Iowa, E. S. 
 Donahey sold fifty-four Shorthorn cattle for 
 an average of $646.35, including the cow, 
 Early Bud, 3d, at $1,500, and nine other 
 females upward of $1,000. 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 71 
 
 IftOl. — The Engrlish Derby was won by an 
 
 American, Wm. C. Whitney, with the sensa- 
 tional horse, Volodyovski, a son of Florizel, 
 II. All records for time were broken, the 
 distance being covered in 2:40 4-5. 
 
 1901, October 25th. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
 Little Boy, by Kenton, dam Jenny, by I.,ong- 
 fellow, broke the mile pacing recoi"<l to 
 wagon, against time, putting the mark at 
 2:01V2. The former record, 2;0:!'4, was 
 made by Bumps in 18S9. 
 
 GUBR9EY COW — MARY MARSHALL. 
 This distinguished cow was the winning cow 
 in the Pan-American model dairy herd, 1901. 
 The six-months' record was 5, Gil pounds of 
 milk; 5.36 per cent, butter-fat; 354.26 pounds 
 of churned butter. The profit in butter pro- 
 duction was $59.43, the next highest being 
 $51.58. 
 
 1901, November 3d. — ^Mary Marshall, 5,601, 
 winning; cow in butter production in l*an- 
 American model dairy herd. Record for six 
 months, 5,611 pounds milk, 5.36 per cent. 
 butter-fat, 303.13 pounds butter-fat, equal 
 to 354.26 pounds churned butter. Profit in 
 production of butter-fat, $59.43 in six months. 
 
 1901, November 3d. — Awards in the Breed 
 Te.'-t in Pan-American model dairy. Prize 
 for net profit in butter- fat won by Guern- 
 seys by a net profit of $4.66. The prize for 
 net profit in churned butter won by Guern- 
 seys by net profit of $5.S6. The prize for 
 net profit in total solids won by Holsteins 
 by a net profit of $26.44. The profit in total 
 solids and gain in live weight won by Hol- 
 steins by net profit of $31.53. 
 
 BROWN .SWISS BULL — DUKE OF RIVER 
 MEADOW. Highly representative bull of this 
 flue breed of dairy cattle and first-prize 
 winner at the Pan-American Show of 1901. 
 The Brown Swiss cattle are very handsome 
 in appearance, not unlike the Jerseys, but 
 distinctly larger and with more claims to 
 beef qualities. 
 
 1901. -Short corn crop in the United 
 States; yield, 16. 7 bushels per acre. Total. 
 1.552,520,000 bushels; smallest crop since 
 3894. 
 
 1901, November 7th. — ^At Chicago, 111., W. 
 D. I'^lalt, f)f ilamilton, Canada, sold foriy- 
 fi\p Sliorthom cattle for an average of 
 $1,123.22. Iinpoiied Cicely, the Queen of 
 England heifer, sold to J. G. Robbins .t Son, 
 of Horace, Ind., for $5,000. The bull, Lord 
 Banfl, sold to Geo. E. Ward, of Hawarden, 
 loua, for 3;j,100. 
 
 1901, November 14th and 15th. — Breeders* 
 sale of Holstein cattle at Syracuse, N. Y. 
 Average f(ir the eighty-five head. $121. CS. 
 W. C. Hunt, of Liverpool, N. Y., manager. 
 
 1901, November 20th and 21st. — Plr.st 
 Hereford <-attle sale at p^ast St. Louis by 
 T. h\ li. Sot bam. of Chillicothe. Mo. 
 
 1901, December 2d. — The Holstein co.v, 
 Mercedes Julips Pietertje, completes seven- 
 lay record of 29 pounds 5.7 ounces of butter 
 at South Side F^arm, White Bear Lake,Minn. 
 
 1901, December. — Home butter- fat tests of 
 '?.uernsey cov.s: First prize, Glenwood Girl, 
 I'th. 9,113, 667.5 .pound.s Siutter; second 
 ijiize. Primrose Tricksey, 7,236, 592.6 pounds 
 latter; third prize, Gipsy of Racine, 9.C39, 
 ..o!).9 pounds butter in one year. 
 
 1901, December 6th. — Galloway cattle .sold 
 at Chicago, ill.; thirty-three head average 
 *2S5. Sale included Imp. McDougall, 4th, of 
 Tarbreoch. champion Scottish bull, sold to 
 O. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Mo., for $2,000. 
 
 1901, December 9th. — Grand champion at 
 liU-»rnational Live Stock Show. The Woods 
 Principal, Hereford steer, 1,645 pounds at 
 twenty-five months. eFd by John Lethani 
 for Geo. P. Henry, of Goodenow, 111. 
 
 1901. — Great wheat crop in the United 
 States, 748,460,000 bushels; harvested while 
 the corn crop was drying up. 
 
 1901. — ^r.,owest wheat, in July, 63% cents; 
 highest of the year, in December, 79% cents. 
 
 BLAISDO.V PLUTO — Shire stallion. Own^d 
 and exhibited by Trumans' Pioneer Stud 
 Farm, Bushnell, 111. Champion Shire stal- 
 lion, any age, at the Chicago International 
 Exposition, 1901. 
 
 190SJ, .January 7th. — Record price for Here- 
 ford bulls broken bv sale of bull "Perfec- 
 tion" for $9,000 bv Thomas Clark, of 
 Beecher, II!., to G. H. Hoxie, of Thornton, HI. 
 
 1903, January 9th. — A. P. Nave, of Attica. 
 Ind . sold Percherons at auction. The top 
 price was $1,630, paid by A. B. Puterbaugh, 
 of Milledgeville, 111., for the stallion Abo, 
 2?,CS6. The average was $469.25 for forty- 
 one head. 
 
 ]90;2, January 28th to 30th. — A sale of 
 Ilerefords under management of T. F. B. 
 Sotham, held at Kansas City, resulted in an 
 average of $373 for 113 females and $292 for 
 seventy-one bulls. The top price, $3,995, was 
 pai.i b>- the Wabash Stock Farm Company 
 for the Improver bull Good Cross, 120,180. 
 The average of 1.S4 head was $341.70. 
 
 1902. — In Mrs. Alice Morse Earle's volume 
 on Colonial Gardens, published this year, 
 she says that the largest apple tree in New 
 England is at Cheshire, Conn., its trunk 
 measuring, one foot above all root enlarge- 
 ments, thirteen feet eight inches in clrcum- 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 ference. Its age is traced back ITiO years. 
 She also says that at the old Rhode Island 
 home of Bishop Berkeley, who died in .'.7r,3, 
 the apple trees ot his day are yet standin,"?. 
 
 1902. January 30th anid 31st. — Sale of 
 Poland-China swiiie by Winn & Mastm, of 
 Ma.btin, Kas. 10.5 head sold for an average 
 of $121.27. 
 
 1002, February 4th and 5th. — ^During 
 Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Chicago. 111., 
 the average for twenty years was broken, 
 eighty-two head selling for an average of 
 !?674.45. This included bulls and feinales. 
 
 ONW.'VRD, 4th — Famous Hereford bull. 
 
 1!J02, February .'jth. — "Blackcap Judy," the 
 famous Aberdeen-Angus yearling heifer, was 
 
 sold for the record price of .$6,500. C. H. 
 Gardner, of Blandinsville, 111., was her 
 owner, and M. A. Judy & Son, of Williar.is- 
 port, Ind., her purchasers. 
 
 1902, February 5th. — New high mork in 
 prices of Aberdeen-Angus bulls established. 
 "Prince Ito," sold by M. A. Judy & Son, of 
 Williamsport, Ind., to B. R. Pierce, of Cres- 
 lon, 111., for $9,100. 
 
 1902, February 15th. — Sale of Percheron 
 horses by ,1. W. & .T. C. Robinson, of Wich- 
 ita, Kas. Twenty-three head made an aver- 
 age of $4CS.70. 
 
 1902, February 25th to 27th. — ^Combination 
 sale of Hereford eattle at Kansas City. Top 
 price of sale, Mrs. Cross' bull, Royalty's 
 Java, sold for |650. The bull average, 
 thirty-nine head, was $208.45. The female 
 average was $318.15 for ninety-six head. 
 Average for 135 head, $286.45. 
 
 1902. — Boston Work Horse Parade Associ- 
 ation held in this year, and the pioneer in 
 holding work horse parades in this country. 
 
 FAT RYAN OF RED CLOUD— Champion 
 Galloway bull at the Chicago International 
 8how, 1906. 
 
 1902, February 28th and March 1st. — Dis- 
 persion sale of Hugh Paul Galloway cattle at 
 South Omaha. The twenty-four bulls aver- 
 aged .1!20S.]0, and eighty-nine females 
 ¥178.60. The 113 head made a general 
 average of $194. 85- 
 
 1902. — Ard. Patrick, a son of St. Florian, 
 owned by John Guhins, won the IDnglish 
 l>erby. Rising Glass being second. The time 
 was 2:421/2. 
 
 1902, March Cth and 7th. — Imp. Spicy 
 Clara, (Shorthorn yearling heifer. Interna- 
 tional prize winner, sold to Geo. Hardin;^ & 
 Son, of Waukesha, Wis., for $1,500. At a 
 Chicago sale of Shorthorns the general aver- 
 age was $4119.80 for eighty-nine head. 
 
 1902, March Sth. — At Chicago, Ked Polled 
 cattle sale by a. F. & J. F. Dobler, of 
 Gir.ard, Pa. To], price, $600, for the cow 
 Mayllower, 2d. Average for fifty-seven head, 
 S1.SI).20. 
 
 1S02, March ISth. — Dispersion sale of 
 Shorthorn cattle at Kansas City by Col. W. 
 11. Nelson — fifty-six head — average, $340.35. 
 Top price for Imp. Lavender Lilly, sold to 
 
 D. R. Hanna for $1,600, next price Vjeing 
 .H.500 for Tiiip. Miranda and cow calf by 
 the saine buyer. 
 
 l.')02, March ISth and 19th. — Combin.i,tion 
 Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Omaha, by 
 ('has. j^scher, Jr. Average for 111 head, 
 $213. Top price, $1,110 for Isabella, 4th, of 
 Millsland, 21,!;31, and female calf, paid by 
 
 E. iieyno'lds & Son, of Prophetstown, 111., to 
 E. T. Davis, of Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 1902, March 24th. — Sale of forty-one Short- 
 horns by F.. R. Stangland, of Marathon, 
 Iowa. Average, $485 per head. Top price, 
 $1,775, for 20th Linwood Victoria and cow 
 calf, paid by C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hart- 
 wick. Iowa. 
 
 1902, March 25th. — Shorthorn cattle sale 
 I'y H. F. t'rown, of Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Average of thirty-five head. $750. Top 
 sales- Imp. Juno and bull calf, $1,550, paid 
 by W. II. Dunwoody, of Minneapolis, Minn.: 
 bull Royal Banner, 150,993, bought by W. O. 
 Carpenter, of Pukwana, S. D., at $1,505. 
 
 1902, March 25th and 26lh. — Hereford 
 cattle sold bv T. F. Bl Sotham and others. 
 Average for 148 head, $323.25. Top price, 
 ■'^■1,650, for Corrector cow Galatea, 107,723, 
 bought by G. E. Kicker, of Ashland, Xeb. 
 
 1902, March 27th. — Hector Cowan, Jr., of 
 PauUiana, Iowa, sold forty-nine Shorthorns, 
 averaging $512.05. Toip price paid by .John 
 Rasmus, of I>ake City, Iowa, for the cow 
 Dalmeny Princess, 9th. 
 
 1902. — Cattle in Ireland, 4,782,221 head, 
 the largest number iinown in that country. 
 
 1902, April 1st — Farmers' and Stockmen's 
 Business Directory issued by Philip H. Hale, 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1902, April 3d. — Geo. M. Woody sold fifty- 
 four Shorthorn cattle for an average of 
 $39!).lt>. Top price, $1,750, paid by F. A. 
 Schaffer & West Bros., of Esthervllle, la., 
 for Imp. Lily of the Valley, 17th. 
 
 1902, April 14th. — Shorthorn sale at 
 Chicago l)v George Bothwell, of Nettleton, 
 Mo., and fifty-four head av&raged $479.50. 
 Notable sales Included the bull Nonpareil 
 of Clover Blossom, 153,672, at $1,710, paid 
 by Geo. Harding & Son, and the bull Non- 
 pareil Hero, 170,793, at $1,710, bought by 
 H. Hagenfeldt, of Storm Lake, la. 
 
 1902, April 17th. — Sale of Shorthorns by 
 G. W. Brown & Randolph Bros., of Indi- 
 ancvla, la. The average for forty-nine head 
 was $584.30. Notable sales included Vic- 
 toria of Village Park, 3d, and bull calf, 
 bought by N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, la., for 
 $3,500, and Imp. Gazelle, sired by Royal 
 Star, for .*2,105, paid by Bigler & Son, of 
 Hartwick, la. 
 
 1902, April 29th and 30th. — At Syracuse, 
 N. Y., W. C. Hunt's j,econd semi-annual sale 
 of Ilolstein cattle. Average of ninety-nine 
 head, $103. 
 
 1902, May 1st and 2d. — At Sioux City, la., 
 initial combination sale of Herefords. The 
 113 head averaged $229.40. 
 
 1902, May 3d. — At Sioux City. la., com- 
 bination sale of Shorthorns. Average, 
 $366.80 per head. Notable sales included 
 Imp. Dalmeny Regina, 5th, sold by C. C. 
 Bigler & Son to Henry Weiss, of Westphalia, 
 Kas., for $1,375, and May Queen, with cow 
 calf, bought by John Rasmus, of Lake City, 
 la., for $1,825. 
 
 1902. — Great com crop of the United 
 States; officially, 2,523,648,312 bushels, from 
 93,043,613 acres. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 73 
 
 1902, May 13th and 14th. — Combination 
 sale at Indianapolis, Ind. Herefords, sixty- 
 two head, sold for an average of $392. S.S, 
 including: Miss Java, 2d, 94,200, and cow 
 calf, consigned by Mr. Dausherty, of 
 Wabash, Ind.. and sold to Ed. Hawkins, of 
 Earl Park, for $3,500. Shorthorns, sixty- 
 four head, averaged $422, including S.'jth 
 Duche.ss of (rloster, consigned by E. E. 
 Souers, of Warren, Ind., and bought by Geo. 
 Harding & Son, of Waukesha, Wis., for 
 $2,105. 
 
 B 
 
 vi 
 
 n 
 
 fmM 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -' -i w^^ 
 
 MPw 
 
 
 
 !P*^ .•«»»[ *.-. 
 
 
 • ■Li\lli\ L\Ks— V laniou.s Heiefunl l.uil. 
 Piiz-^ winnei at many shows. Stock bull at 
 Grand\i>-\\ Heretoids. Owned by C G. 
 Comstock & Son, Albany, Mo. 
 
 1902, May 17th to 2l.st. — Ohio .Shorthorn 
 
 Sales: H. G. Walker, of New Madison, 
 thirty head: average, $107.70; E'. S. Kelly, 
 of Yellow Springs, thirty-six head, average, 
 $590.40: top price, $1,625, paid by W. L. 
 Wood, of Williamsport, O., for Imp. Missie, 
 158th; C. I.. Gerlaugh, of Osborn, O,, thirty- 
 three head: average, $610; top price, the 
 hull Master of the Ring, 171.376, sold to 
 J. T Ryan &• Son, of Irwin, la., for $1,705; 
 W. I. Wood, of Williamsport, O., forty-four 
 head; average. $:150; top price, female Imp. 
 Proud Fancy, sold at $2,050 to W. T. Miller 
 & Sons, of Winchester, Ind,; top-priced bull. 
 Choice of the Ring, sold to Brown & Ran- 
 dolph Bros., of Indianola, la., for $1,550. 
 
 1902, May :'2d and 23d. — Cambination sale 
 of Herefords by C. A. .lamison, of Quincy, 
 III., and others at Chicago. Eighty-three 
 head averaged $323. Top price was $2,100, 
 bid for I.ady Wiltona, a daughter of Dale, 
 by Ed. Hawkins, of Earl Park, Ind. 
 
 1902, May 2Sth. — Shorthorn cattle sale at 
 Morning Sun. la. R. G. Robb & Son's 
 average $.^80.40 for twenty-eight head; A. 
 Alexander's average for twenty-five head 
 $526, including the cow Mary of Bluff View, 
 sold to Korns & Lee, of Hartwick, la., for 
 $1.2:!0. 
 
 1902, May 30th and 31st. — Linden Grove, 
 sale of imported Jerseys by T. S. Cooper, of 
 Coopersburg, Pa. The 168 head averaged 
 $340.60. The sale included the champion 
 bull Flving Fox, sold to T. W. Lawson, of 
 Boston," Mass. ,for $7,500. The highest price 
 for a female was $3,100, for the cow Lady 
 Fontaine's Ro.-ette, 162,120, for $3,100. 
 
 1902, June. — Straight Texas steers sold on 
 the Chicago market at $7.65 per 100 pounds, 
 the record price. Shipped by Ed. Farmer, 
 of Fort Worth, Tex. 
 
 1902, June 3d. — N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, la., 
 sold fifty-five Shorthorns for an average of 
 $766.30. Top price. $3,800, paid for the 
 cow Red Crest, sire Imp. Scottish Chief, sold 
 to C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, la. 
 
 1902, June 5th and 6th. — Shorthorn cattle 
 sale bv C. C. (Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, 
 la. The 115 head sold for $94,715, an aver- 
 age of $S2:?.60 per head. The sale included 
 thirtv-one head at $1,000 to $2,500, not 
 including the cow Wild Eyes, 61st, sired by 
 Airdrie Duke of Hazelhurst, bought for 
 $3,04 by G. W. Brown & Randolph Bros., 
 of Indianola, la., for $3,040. 
 
 1902, June 10th and 11th. — At Chicago, 
 combination .Vnsiis cattle sale. 101 head 
 averaged $312.10. Top prices: $2,000 paid by 
 Silas Igo, of Palmyra, la., for the cow Belle 
 
 Bloomer, 2d, 23,218, and Edgrewood Belle, 
 32,260, both consigned by Cantlne Bros. & 
 Stevenson, of Holstein, la. 
 
 1902. June isth. — Indianapolis combination 
 sale of foiled Durham cattle. Average of 
 fiifty-twn head, $424.70. Top price, co\<^ 
 Colden Heather, sold to J. F. Jennings, of 
 Streator, 111., for $3,525. 
 
 1902, July 4th. — Ma.jor Daingerfield broke 
 the record for a mile and five-eighths over 
 the track at Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., in 
 2:47 3-5. He had 123 pounds up. 
 
 1902, July 5th. — At Brighton Beach, N.Y.. 
 Gold Heels established a new Derh.v record 
 of 2:03 4-5, the fastest over a circular track. 
 
 1902, July oOth. — Konnibert captured the 
 mile and one-eighth running record by going 
 the distance in 1:51 at Brighton Beach, 
 N. Y. The record of 1:51 1-5 was formerly 
 held by Watercure. 
 
 1902, July 30th. — Sale of Shorthorns by A. 
 
 i'hr.vstal at Marshall, Mich. Top price, 
 
 1,500, for Imp. Lady Bell, 3d, and female 
 
 ilf, bought by E. G. Stevenson, of Detroit, 
 
 Mich. A\erage for sixty-seven head, $266.95. 
 
 1902, August. — Native heef cattle sold at 
 'hicago up to $9.00 per 100 pounds. 
 
 1902, Augu.9t 3d.— Pueblo (Colo.) Stock 
 Vards opened for business. The officers are 
 IS follows. C. G. Warner. President, of St. 
 ~t Louis, Mo.; N. Douthltt, \'ice-President 
 I lid General Manager, of Kansas City, Mo.; 
 ' !. P. Robinson, Traffic Manager; W. H. 
 lUirnett, Superintendent, of Pueblo, Colo. 
 
 1902, August 5th. — Brady Union Stock 
 Yards at Atlanta, Ga., organized. President, 
 '1'. B. Brady; Vice-President, John Oliver; 
 Secretary, J. M. Brady. Opened for husines'j 
 November 10th, 1902. 
 
 1902, August 13th. — ^Shorthorn sale at 
 Hamilton .Stock Yards, Canada. The fifty- 
 eight head averaged $425.43. Top sale, the 
 Imp. Wanderer's Last, consigned by Captain 
 T. E. Robson, of Ilderton, Ontario, and sold 
 to Geo. Bothwell, of Nettleton, Mo., for 
 $2,005. 
 
 1902, August 16th. — Lord Derby, bay 
 gelding, by Mambrlno King, dam Claribel, 
 by Almant, Jr., established the mile trotting 
 record to wagon in a race of 2:05%, beating 
 the the previous record of 2:10, held jointly 
 by John A. McKerron and The Monk. 
 
 1902, August ISth. — The Musketeer nego- 
 tiated seven-eighths of a mile at the Sara- 
 toga, N. Y.. track in 1:25. This was the 
 best running record over a circular track. 
 
 
 f.' ^|Hb 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 --1 
 
 R ,m 
 
 »3U'' 
 
 %<^' 
 
 ij 
 
 U • laiiiiiiwii 
 
 ^^w 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 *"^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 ELECTIONEER — FAMOUS TROTTING 
 SIRE. By Hambletonian. Sire of Arion, 
 2:07%: Sunol, 2:08U: Palo Alto, 2:08%; and 
 many others with fast records. From pho- 
 tograph picture taken in 1873 by Schreiber 
 & Sons. Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 1902, August 21st. — .\t a sale of Poland- 
 China swine by Shallenburger & Cox, of 
 Ohio Mr. I-. Lukens, of Disco, 111., bought 
 the five-year-old boar, Big Chief Tecumseh, 
 2d, for $2,100. 
 
 1902, Vugust 24th. — Lou Dillon trots the 
 first mile in 2:00 at Readville, Mass. 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1903, August 27th and 28th. — Hereford 
 rattle sale a/t Des Moines, la. The seventy- 
 two head averaged $218. Top price of the 
 sale, $540. 
 
 HBATHBRBLOOM — The greatest jumper 
 of them all, with Donelly up. Copyright 
 photo by Schreiber in 1902. 
 
 1902, September 1st. — The fastest ruimins 
 
 time for a mile and three-sixteenths was 
 made at Chicago by Scintillant, II., the 
 mark being 1:57 2-5. 
 
 1902, September 2d and 3d. — Sale of Here- 
 ford cattle at Hamline, Minn. The sixty-one 
 head sold for an average of $225. 
 
 1902, September 4th.— «ale of Shorthorns 
 at Hamline, Minn. Forty-eight head aver- 
 aged $450.50. Top price, $1,500, for N. A. 
 Ijind's bull Fearless Victor, 174,014, bought 
 by John Lister, of Conrad, la. 
 
 1902. September'4th. — First public sale of 
 Berkshires at the Ohio State Fair. Average 
 of forty-four head, $28.75; top price for 
 boar, $70; for sow, $100. 
 
 1902, September 9th. — Shorthorn sale by 
 Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith and J. G. Robhins 
 & Sons at Cambridge City, Ind. Average of 
 thirty head, $419.65. Top price, $1,200, for 
 Imp. cow Maggie, 12th, sold to E. E. Souers, 
 of Warren, Ind. 
 
 1902, September Kith. — Extraordinary sale 
 at Indianapolis, Ind., of Herefords owned bv 
 Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill, Ind. Th« 
 forty-three head averaged $1,007. Top 
 prices include the bull Cru.sader, 86,5af;, 
 by Ed. Hawkins for $12,000. The cow Dolly, 
 2d, 61,799, al.so bought by Ed. Hawkins for 
 $7,000. 
 
 1902. — On September 29th, the sheep re- 
 ceipts at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
 were 59,362 head, breaking all previous 
 records for a single day's run at any 
 market. 
 
 1902, October 7th and 8th. — At ChilUcothe, 
 AIo., T. F. B. Sotham inaugurated a series 
 of high-class stock cattle auction sales by 
 selling 2,000 head of young cattle frrom the 
 Panhandle of Texas. 
 
 1902, October 9th.— Shorthorn sale by 
 Charles E. I-add. of North Yamhill, Ore., at 
 Spokane, Wash. Average for thirty-nine 
 head, $330.25. Top price, $1,000. 
 
 1902, October Itth to 16th. — ^Shorthorn 
 combination sale at Victor, la. Average for 
 105 head, $379.20. Top price, $1,140, fo«- 
 cow Victoria of Hill Farm, 8th, consigned 
 by C. C. Bigler & Sons, and so/ld to E. S. 
 Kelley, of Yellow Springs, O. 
 
 1902, October 15th. — Sale of Polled Dur- 
 hams at Indianapolis, Ind. Average for 
 forty head, $128.90. 
 
 1902. — During the week ending October 
 18th, 162.459 head of sheep arrived at the 
 Chicago Union Stock Yards, the largest on 
 record for a similar period. 
 
 1902, October. — Western g-rass range cattle 
 sold at $7.40 per 100 pounds; record price. 
 
 1902, October 16th and 17th. — Combination 
 sale of Hereford cattle at Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Average for 104 head, $407.05. Top price, 
 SI, 500, paid by S. H. Godman, of Wabash, 
 Ind.. for the cow Beryl, 103,641, consigned 
 by F. A. Nave, of Attica. Ind. 
 
 1902, October 20th to 25th.^ — Berkshire 
 swine at auction at Kansas City. Average 
 of sows, S5S.60; average of boars, $48.60; 
 average of eighty-seven head, $53.70. 
 
 1902, October 21st. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
 Cresceuf placed the two-mile trotting record 
 at 4:17 in his trial against Onw.ird Silver's 
 mark of 4 :2S',2. 
 
 1902, October 21st and 22d. — Combination 
 sale of Herefords at Kansas City., Mo. The 
 average of ninety-six head was $304.40. Top 
 price, $1,005, for Columbus, 29th, consigned 
 by Benton Gabbert, of Dearborn, Mo., and 
 bought by H. McEldowney, of Chicago 
 Heights, 111. 
 
 1902, October 21st and 22d. — ^Aberdeen- 
 .Vngus cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Aver- 
 age of ninety-eight head, $176.10. 
 
 1902. — .Ml leading live stock markets 
 broke the one-day cattle receipt record. 
 i'liicago's total on December 1st was 36,553 
 liead. The big day at Kansas City was 
 [-September Kith, when 29,216 head were 
 received. Omaha's largest total was on 
 September 29th, when 13,228 head arrived; 
 while the St. Louis record was 12,193 head, 
 made September 23d. 
 
 1902, October 23d. — Sale of Galloway 
 cattle at Kansas City, Mo. Average for 
 forty-seven head, $153.60. Top price. $1,115, 
 paid by O. H. Swigart, of Champaign, 111., 
 for the cow Dorothea, 18,673, consigned by 
 C. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Mo. 
 
 1902, October 23d and 24th. — Shorthorn 
 cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Average of 
 sixty-six head, $247.50. 
 
 1902, October 2Sth. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
 Direct Hal and Prince Direct, both sons of 
 Direct, .■'4,113, paced a mile as a team 
 against time and set a new mark of 2:05y2. 
 The record prior to this was 2:08, made by 
 John R. Gentry and Robert J. in 1897. 
 
 1902, October 2Sth and 29th. — Red Polled 
 cattle sold at Chicago by Captain V. T. 
 Hills, of Delaware, O. Average for ninety- 
 two head, $283.30. Top-price female, Fopsey, 
 3d. sold for $1,125 to C. S. Carr, of Elm 
 Grove, W. Va. Top-price bull. Popular, 856, 
 .sold to J. H. Smith, of ChilUcothe, O., for 
 SI, 200. 
 
 THE INTELLIGENT HEAD OF MOKO— 
 Famous trotting stallion, sire of futurity 
 winners. 
 
 1902, October 21st to 25th. — .Sale of 
 Poland-China swine at Kansas City, Mo. 
 The boar average was $58.70; sows, $61.50; 
 average of 161 head, $60.50. 
 
 1902, September 20th. — ^Sale of Percherou 
 horses by H. G. McMillan, of Rock Rapids, 
 la. Mare average, $267.40; stallion average. 
 $630.70; average of forty-two head, $452. 
 Top price for a stallion, $1,175. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 75 
 
 1903, October 31st. — The stallion Cresceus 
 Iroth two iuil<*s in 4 17, establishing a 
 world's record. 
 
 1903. — I-owcKt wheat, in AuRUst, 68 ',4 
 cents; highest, in September. 'J5 cents. 
 
 1902, October Slst. — At Los Angeles. Calif., 
 Zamhra. bay gelding by McKinney, dam by 
 Fairmount, broke the five-mile trotting 
 record in a race again.st four other horses. 
 He brought the time down to 1?:24. It 
 formerly was 12:30%. the record of Bishop 
 Hero. 
 
 1902, November. — Fort Worth Stock Yards 
 formally opened for business with support 
 of niodern packing houses. President. J. 
 Ogden Armour: \' ice-President. K. F. Swift; 
 Secretary. O. W. Matthews; General Man- 
 ager, W. B. King. 
 
 1902, November Sth and 6th. — Aberdeen- 
 Angrus combination sale. Average of seventy- 
 nine head, $387.40. Top price. $1,050. for 
 Imp. cow Pride of Aberdeen. lG7th. 
 
 1903. — As a test of endurance, in the 
 summer of 1902 Colonel Baskakov. of the 
 Russian Headquarter Staff, undertook to ride 
 from St. iVtcrsbiirg: to Odessa, a distance of 
 1.716 versts (1.12S miles). Using two horses.' 
 an English bred one and an Arab, alter- 
 nately, he performed the journey in twelve 
 days, an average of ninety-four miles per 
 diem, and brought in both mounts in good 
 condition, though neither had been subjected 
 to any preparatory training for the under- 
 taking. 
 
 1902, November 12th. — Sale of Shorthorn 
 cattle by .1. W. Smith & Son at Allerton. la. 
 Top price paid by Randolph Bros. & Igo. of 
 Indianola. la., for the cow Missie May. 2d 
 was $:!.000. Five females sold above $1,000 
 per head. 
 
 1903. — Twenty-six auctions of pure-bred 
 cattle held at Chicago. IlL.eiTibodying the 
 six leading beef breeds and embracing 1,789 
 head, sold for a total of $611,817, or an 
 average of $312 each. 
 
 1002, December Sth and 9th. — Combined 
 sale of Herefords at Kansas City, Mo. Aver- 
 age for seventy-six head, $227. 0."). Top price. 
 $1,000. for the bull Hesiod's Best. 120.055. 
 consigned by Benton Gabbert. of Dearborn. 
 Mo., and bought by G. E. Reynolds, of 
 Kansais City. Mo. 
 
 1902, December ISth. — Hereford sale at 
 Wabash. Ind. Average for sixty-three head. 
 $225.70. Top price. $1,300. for the cow 
 Clothe. ISth. 117.714. consigned by Wabash 
 Stock Farm Company, and sold to Ed. Haw- 
 kins, of Earl Park. Ind. 
 
 1902, December 19th. — ^Sale of Percheron 
 horses at Kansas City. Mo., by D. R. Hanna. 
 Mares, twenty-one head, averaged $313.80, 
 nine stallions averaged $570; average of 
 sale. .$392. 
 
 1902. — ^Calf receipts at Chicago. 111., were 
 phenomonal. the total for the year. viz.. 
 251.747 head, establishing a new record. 
 
 1902. — The year's sheep record of all 
 markets was broken at Chicago. 111. During 
 the year the total aggregated 4.515.716 heajl. 
 
 1903, December 13th. — Largest receipts of 
 cars in one week at the Union Stock Yards. 
 Chicago. 8.474. 
 
 1903, December. — Chicago International 
 Live Stock Exposition. Grand champion 
 beef animal, the Polled Angus steer. Sham- 
 rock; weight, 1,805 pounds as a two-year- 
 old. Fed by the Iowa Agricultural College. 
 
 1903, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 farm animals: 17,105,227 milch cows, 44,- 
 659,206 other cattle, 46,922.624 hogs. 63.964.- 
 896 sheep. 16.557.373 horses. 2,728,088 mules. 
 
 1903. — Promisins: new fruits illustrated 
 and described in Year Book, Department of 
 Aigriculture: Akin apple, Terry apple, Heley 
 peach, Welch peacli. Splendor prune. Sugar 
 prune. Headlight grape. Cardinal straw- 
 berry, 
 
 1903, April ISth. — Holstein-Frifsian cham- 
 pion cow Sadie Vale Concordia. A. R. O.. 
 1.121. produced under ofRcial test 694.3 
 pounds of milk in seven days, containing 30 
 pounds 3 0.16 ounces of butter; also produced 
 in thirty days 2.754.6 pounds of milk, con- 
 taining 123 pounds 10 ounces of butter. 
 Owned at time of test by Messrs. McAdam 
 & Von Heyne. of Brothertown Stock F'arms. 
 Deansboro, Oneida county, N. T. 
 
 1903, .Tune 9 th. — New York spot cotton. 
 
 12.40 cents per pound; highest In fifteen 
 years. 
 
 1903, .Tune 11th. — At Chicago Shorthorn 
 sale, average $371.25 for forty-eight head. 
 Imip. Lord Banff sold by George E. Ward, of 
 Sioux City. la., for $2,105 to M. E. Jones, of 
 Williamsville, 111. 
 
 1903, June 12th. — New York auction sale 
 of working coach horses realized an average 
 of $7 07 per head. The horses had been used 
 in working the coach Pioneer between New 
 York and Ardsley. Among the buyers were 
 Harry Payne Whitney. G. G. Haven. Jr., and 
 other well-known whips. The former paid 
 the top price. $4,750 for one pair. Several 
 others were sold singly at $1,000 to $1,800. 
 
 1903.— At Chicago. June 13th and 14th, 
 Canadian Shorthorn sale. W. C. Edwards, 
 of Rockland. Ontario, forty-five head; aver- 
 age. $448.90; John Dryden. of Brooklin. On- 
 tario, nineteen head; average. $565; M. H. 
 Coclirane. of Hillhurst. Quebec, eighteen 
 head- average. $683. Top price. $2,110. paid 
 bv W. H. Dunwoody. of Minneapolis. Minn., 
 for the bull Imp. Golden Mist. 182.753. In- 
 cluding fifteen females by Geo. Harding fc 
 Son. of Waukesha. Wis., averaging $502. 
 the grand average for ninety-eight head was 
 $536.40. 
 
 1903, June 14th. — One thousand dollars 
 paid for a peony called Jenny L.ind, named 
 after the Swedish Nightingale. Sold by C. 
 Betschler. of Canal Dover. O.. to C. W 
 Ward, of Queens. N. Y. This peony blossoms 
 early and is about eight inches in diameter. 
 
 1903, June. — ^Kansas City Stock Yards 
 flooded by liigli water. Business suspended 
 fourteen days. 
 
 1903, June 15th. — Armour Packing Com- 
 pany comiTienced operations at the St. Louis 
 National Stock Yards. 
 
 1903, June 15th. — St. Joseph Stock Yards 
 received 10.028 fresh cattle, the largest 
 cattle receipts for one day on that market. 
 
 1903, July. — History of Agriculture by 
 Dates first issued by Philip H. Hale. St. 
 Ijouis, Mo. 
 
 LOU DILLON, 1:581/2 
 
 1903, July nth. — At Cleveland, O., Lou 
 Dillon broke the world's record for trotting 
 mares by one-fourth of a second, going the 
 mile in 2:03 '2. It was the second fastest 
 mile ever trofted. Cresceus alone having a 
 better mark. Millard Saunders was In the 
 sulky, and two runners accompanied the 
 little mare around the track. She reached 
 the first quarter in 0;31>4, and the half In 
 1 :01?4. 
 
 1903, July 18th. — The first bale of new- 
 crop Texas cotton was sold this day at the 
 Galveston Cotton Exchange for $136, and 
 bought by C. Kisenburg. It weighed 4 70 
 pounds, and the price was a little less than 
 ?9 cents per pound. The bale was raised in 
 Zapata counly. one of the southern Rio 
 Grande counties, where cotton was not 
 raised before this year. 
 
 1903, August 17th. — Record run of cattle 
 on the Chicago market; 36,727 head received 
 this day. 
 
76 
 
 HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1903, August 19th. — At New York, Dan 
 Patch broke the Avorlcl's pacingp record at 
 
 Brighton Beach by going a naile in 1:59, 
 flat. The fractional times were: Quarter, 
 0:29'/2: half, 0:.'^S%: three-quarters, 1:29>A. 
 The best previous record was 1:59%, held 
 jointly by Dan Patch and Star Pointer. 
 
 1903. — In this year the United States and 
 Canada made a record b.v canning 10,679,809 
 casof of tomatoes, each case containing 
 two dozen standard cans. 
 
 1903, September 9tli. — .\t Syracuse, N. Y., 
 the world's record for trotting geldings was 
 broken by Major Delmar, its holder clipping 
 a second from his own mark and three- 
 iiuarters of a second from the former 
 world's record established by Cresceus. Alta 
 P. McDonald drove the gelding. Time by 
 ciuarter.SH-0:31% ; 1:01%; l:3iy2; 2:01%. 
 
 1903, September 2Sth.— Cattle receipts at 
 Chicago the largest on record for one day — 
 44,445 head. 
 
 MAJOR DELiMAR, 1:59%. 
 
 1903, October 10th. — At Lexington, Ky , 
 Major Delmar reduced trotting record, ex- 
 hibition mile to wagon, to 2:03%. Immedi- 
 ately after the performance of Major Del- 
 mar. Lou Dillon, driven by her owner, C. K. 
 G. Billings reduced the record to 2:01%. 
 Time — ^Quarter, 0:31; half, 1:01; three- 
 quarters, 1:30%; mile, 2:01%. 
 
 1903, October 10th, — Charmante of the 
 Gron, 14,442, Guernsey cow, owned by H. 
 McK. Twombley, finished the year's test, 
 making a year's record of 11,874% pounds 
 of milk, which contained 676.46 pounds of 
 butter-fat, which, being churned and salted, 
 would make 7S9.2 pounds of merchantable 
 butter for the year. 
 
 1903. October 24th. — At Memphis, Tenn.. 
 T^ou Dillon, the peerless trotter, owned by 
 C. K. G. Billings, of Chicago, and driven by 
 Millard Saunders, again proved her right to 
 the proud title of Queen of the Turf by 
 trotting a mile under adverse conditions in 
 the remarkable time of 1:58%. The daughter 
 of Sidney Dillon was paced by a runner, 
 and another followed closely to urge the 
 mare to a supreme effort. A strong wind 
 from the north swept down the back 
 stretch, and it was not expected that she 
 oould cut anything from her former wonder- 
 ful record. The quarter was reached in 30 
 seconds: the half in 0:59y2; the third 
 quarter was passed in 1:28%; and the 
 gallant little mare passed under the wire in 
 1:5S%. The timers were Bud Doyle, Fred 
 Hartwell and John Dickerson, and the 
 watches all agreed to a fraction. 
 
 1903.--Segis Inka, 36,617, Hol8tein-Friesian 
 cow. sold at Averill & Gregory sale to Dr. 
 AViTi. N. Landon, of Syracuse, N. Y.. for 
 $1,600; highest-priced female of this breed 
 at auction since 1888. 
 
 1903, October 24th. — At Narragansett 
 Park. Prince .-^lert clipped a quarter of a 
 second from ihe world's pacing record for a 
 half mile. The Prince was driven by Mart 
 Demarest. 
 
 1903, Octo^her 24th, — At Memphis, Tenn., 
 Dariel, a bay mare, by Alcander, driven by 
 A. McDonald, paced a mile in 2:00 '4. The 
 
 former paciner record for a mare was held 
 by Fanny Dillard, 2:03%. 
 
 1903, October 24th. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
 Equity and The Monk, from the stable of 
 Mr. C. K. G. Billings, of Chicago, were sent 
 a rtiie against 2:12ti, trotting to pole 
 record. The two horses were driven by Mr. 
 Billings in faultless style, and passed under 
 Ihe wire in 2:09yt. 
 
 1903, October 27th. — Major Delmar trots 
 in 1:59%, establishing the world's gelding 
 record. 
 
 1903. — "Country I,ife in America" for this 
 year says that the annual sale of cut roses 
 in the United States amounts to about 
 },6,000,000; carnations, i $4,000,000; violets, 
 S750,000: and chrysanthemums — a short- 
 season crop — .1700,000. The annual produc- 
 tion is estimated at $100,000,000 each for 
 roses and carnations and $50,000,000 for 
 violets. 
 
 1903, December .".Ist. — D. Rankin, of 
 Tarkio, Mo., concluded a purchase of 3,500 
 stock cattle and feeders on the Kansas City 
 market, shipping- thena out in 125 cars. Con- 
 sidered a record purchase of this character 
 Iiy one man. 
 
 1903, December. — Chicago Internationa) 
 Live Stock Exposition. Champion beef steer 
 tlie grade Hereford steer Challenger. Weight, 
 1.750 pounds. Fed and exhibited by the 
 Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, 
 Nebraska. 
 
 1903. — ^ Grain production of :he year: 
 2,244,177,000 bushels corn, 637,822,000 bushels 
 wheat. 784,094,000 bushels oats, 131,861 
 bushels barley, 29,363 bushels rye. 
 
 1903. — Higliest wheat, September, 93 cents; 
 highest corn, July and August, 53 cents; 
 highest oats, July, 45 cents. Lowest wheat, 
 March, 70 Vi cents; lowest corn, December, 
 41 cents; lowest oats, March, 31 cents. 
 
 1904, January 1st. — United State.S' De- 
 partment of Agriculture estiinate of number 
 of farm animals: 17,419,817 milch cows, 
 030,144 sheep, 16,736,059 horses and 2,757,- 
 916 mules. 
 
 1904. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
 and illustrated in Year Book of the United 
 States Department of Agriculture: Bloom- 
 field apple, Doctor apple, Rossney pear, Mil- 
 lennial grape. Perfection currant, Delmas 
 persimmon. 
 
 1904, January 11th. — Largest receipt of 
 cars In one day at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 3,2'2S. 
 
 1904, March 1st. — Auction sale of jacks 
 and .jennets by I,. M. Monsees & Sons at 
 Smithton, Mo. Top price for a lack, $1,500; 
 average for twenty-nine head, $581. 
 
 MISSOURI JOSEPHINE SARCASTIC- 
 DAUGHTER OF MISSOURI CHIEF 
 JOSEPHINp. Milk record for six months, 
 as a two-year-old: 7,037 pounds^ This is 
 334 pounds higher than her dam's record at 
 the same age. Bred and owned by the 
 University of Missouri. 
 
 1904, March 24th. — ^In the open market at 
 Chicago a roan Shire draft gelding was sold 
 for the record price of $660. According to 
 the Drovers' Journal, this champion roan 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 77 
 
 drafter was consigned by William Gray, of 
 Mechanicsvillc, la.. and purchased by 
 Armour &. Cn. at the hierhesl price paid in 
 liie open market for a drafter for commer- 
 cial use. The seldins was four years olil 
 and weig'hed ",210 pound.s. This champion 
 drafter was bred by I'erry Terrill, of Oxford 
 inils, Jones county. la., and was sired by 
 the imported .Shire st.'illion Ringnia-ster. and 
 whose daiii was sired liy the imported Shire 
 stallion liinglead^r. 'I'his .tfeldini; fulfilled 
 the proinise of his high quality by winning 
 the blue ribbon in his class at the Interna- 
 tion.il Live Stock Show. 
 
 1$)(U, April l.-t. — Geo. H. Northrup. of 
 Raceville. Washin.if ton county, Newj Voile, 
 reported- having solil nineteen Kose Conilt 
 .^linon^a fowls for .13,400. breaking tht 
 world's record in poultry sales. Victor, the 
 first-prize oock at (Miicago, brought .$1,000, 
 pnd Headlight. :'d. the -second-prize cock at 
 Chicago, lirought $',iii\. The Ijuyer was Henry 
 Schnltz Von Scluiltzt-nstein, of Berlin, 
 Germany. 
 
 1904. — I'Oui><i!ina Purchase Kxposition 
 opened April :;oth and closed December l.st. 
 Jjive stork exhil)it tlie greatest ever recorded 
 in history. 
 
 1904, .June t.'ith. — The St. Louis National 
 .'-^tock Vards received :i\> c.irs, S,S57 he.ad. 
 Texas an<l Soiithpiii cattle — a record day in 
 (luarantine cattle. 
 
 1904, .Tune l^^th. — .M Cleveland. O.. Mr. C. 
 K. (',. Billings rode Charlie Mac a mile to 
 saddle in an effort to break the ainateur 
 world's record of 'l-.lflVi. The lecord wa-; 
 lowered to 2:17%. 
 
 1904. — .\t the Louisiana Purchase Exposl- 
 lion. through the resourcefulness and energy 
 of Mr. Will B. Otwell. S.OOO Illinois farmers' 
 boys exhibited a grand pyramid, consisting 
 of 1,000 small pyramiils. each containing ten 
 ears of piire-bre<l corn. 
 
 HoL.STKlX (OW — .luLlf'. .i"H.\SSA. Al 
 ten years old, in the ninety-day demonstra- 
 tion test at St. Louis, she gave .5.064.4 
 'pounds of milk and 169.99 pounds of butter- 
 fat, equivalent to 212.48 pounds of butter, an 
 average daily yield of 2.36 pounds of butter. 
 She was first-prize cow at the St. Louis 
 World's Pair, champion senior female at the 
 World's Fair, and grand champion female of 
 the Holstein breed at the same Fair. Her 
 official test made on the World's Fair Ground 
 at St. Louis was 544.6 pounds of milk, 19.61 
 pounds of butter-fat. the equivalent of 23 
 pounds and 14 ounces of butter in seven con- 
 secutive days. JOLIE JOHANNA is owned 
 by the State Agricultural College of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 1904. — 'The stallion Carmon, 32,917, Ameri- 
 can Trotting Register, 16 hands; weight. 
 1,200 pounds in fair condition, was selected 
 to head the stud to establish a breed of 
 American carriage horses. C'armon was bred 
 by Hon. Norman J. Colman, of St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1904. June ISth. — At Chicago, without 
 feeling the touch of the whip or spur and 
 running entirely on his own courage. High- 
 ball, the three-year-old colt which W. M. 
 Scheftel brought to Chicago from the East, 
 won the American Derby at Washington 
 Park. The time. 2:.?.3, equals the best time 
 ever made for this event. 
 
 1904, June 18th. — At Cleveland, C, before 
 a. crowd of 10,000 horse lovers at the Glen- 
 ville track, r.ou Dillon, the trotting queen, 
 driven by her owner. C. K. G. Billings, was 
 sent a mile to wagon to beat the amateur 
 record of 2:10. The maic made the distance 
 in 2-OC'l'. The last ini.irter was made in 
 thirty seconds. 
 
 1904, June 25th. — Wo.-id's Fair Trotting 
 ilanilit'ap (at .St. l..ouis Fniv c.rounds), mile 
 :ind a. (|uai'ter, won by Colonial Girl. Time, 
 2:0!i>,,>.. Stake worth $41,400. 
 
 1904, September 12th. — The largest one- 
 day's receipts of horses and mules :it the St. 
 Louis N;itiot.al Stock Vards, 4,242 bead. 
 
 19(t4, Sei)tember 29th. — (ireat sale of 
 hunters and hounds, tlie property of Foxhall 
 P. Keene, at the stables of Van Tassel! i*t 
 Keai-ney, New York City. Eight American- 
 bre<l cross-country horses sold for $20,300, an 
 avei-agc of $2.r,:'.7 per head, and a pack of 
 imporlrd ICnglisb fcix hounds Ijrought $6,150. 
 
 JERSEY COW — LORETTA D. As cham- 
 pion cow of all breeds in the St. Louis Fair 
 Contest. LORETT.\ D. is the latest grand 
 champion of the Jersey breed. In the contest 
 of 120 days this cow gave 5,082.7 pounds of 
 milk, 4.8 per cent. fat. yielding 280.16 pounds 
 butter-fat, equivalent when salted to 330.04 
 pounds of commercial butter. 
 
 1904, October 13th. — End of dairj- cow 
 demonstration at World's Fair. St. Louis. 
 Loretta D.. 1?1.70S, owned by the estate of 
 VV. S. Ladd, Portland, Oregon, winner in 
 contest. In 187 days Loretta D. produced 
 9.214.7 pounds of milk, a daily average of 
 .9.3 pounds, giving 414.64 pounds of butter- 
 fat, equal to 4 90.12 pounds of commercial 
 butter, an axerage of 2.62 pounds of butter 
 per day. Loretta D. is a high-bred Jersey 
 
 row. 
 
 1904, October 21st. — The Monk and Equity 
 ti'ot a mile in 2:07% at Memiahis. Tenn.. 
 establishing the world's team i" -o'-cl. 
 
 ;i.\i: I'OO'MAS- 
 tinguislied honor 
 
 JERSEY r.l I I 
 SIE. This bull li, 
 of heading th.r i^hampion Jersey herd at the 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. He was first- 
 prize winner wherever shown and never 
 beaten by any bull of his age. Presented 
 here as a typical Jersey bull of the highest 
 quality. 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1904, October 24th. — At the Chicago Union 
 Stock Yard.s. Mr. I,. M. Newgas.s made a 
 record by selling: a matched pair of bay 
 ai'aft gcldinss, the lea,m weighins; 4,4!>0 
 pounds. The sale was made to Mr. H. K. 
 
 Bloodgood, ot Boston, and tlie price was 
 .*1,000 for the pair. 
 
 19<)i, October 25th. — .At Memphis, Tenn.. 
 Prince ]3irect and Morning Star pace in 
 2:06, inaliing world's amateur team recor I, 
 driven by •'. K. G. Billings. 
 
 1904, October 2oth. — Uan Patch establishes 
 world's pac-iri;; record at Memphis. Tonn., 
 1 educing the jnark to iiTiG. 
 
 1904, December. — Chicago Internationil 
 \Ave Stock Exposition. Cirand ehamiiion be^f 
 oiiiiiial the Aberdeen-zVngus steer Clear r.,ake 
 Jute, fed and exhibited by the Minnesota 
 Agricultural tJxperiment Station. T^ive weight 
 at thirty-eight months, ],S!)5 pound.s. 
 
 1904. — ^Grain production of the year: 
 2.4(57,481,000 bushels corn, 552,400,000 bushels 
 wheat, 894,595,000 bushels oats, 139,749,000 
 bushels barley, 27,242,000 bushels rye. 
 
 1904. — Largest receipts of horses and 
 mules at any market in one year, 181,:i41 
 head, received this year at the .St. I^ouis 
 National Stock Yards. 
 
 1904. — Highest wlieat, September, October 
 and Deceniber, .$1.22 : highest corn, Novem- 
 ber, 58 1/i cents; highest oats, February, 4C 
 cents. I..o\vest wheat, .January, 81 ',4 cent.s; 
 lowest corn, January, 42% cents; lowest oats, 
 October and December, 28% cents. 
 
 1905, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 fann animals: 17,572,000 milch cows; 43,- 
 669,000 other cattle, 47,321,000 hogs, 45,170,- 
 000 sheep, 17,058,000 horses and 2,889,000 
 mules. 
 
 1905. — Promising: new fruits mentioned 
 and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
 United States Department of Agriculture: 
 Virginia Beauty apple, Carson apple, Crocker 
 pear. Everbearing peach. Golden plum, 
 Riley, Scioto and Pringle Damson plums, 
 Trapp Avocado pear, Eulalia Loquat. 
 
 Grand champion ear of corn. 
 
 1905. — At the meeting of the Iowa Corn 
 Growers' Association held at Ames, la., 
 in .laiTuary, an ear of corn grown by Mr. H. 
 .J. Hoss. of Parragut, la., was declared the 
 .grand champion of the show. It was sold 
 at auction and was bought by Jno. T. Alex- 
 ander, of Chicago, for eleven dollars. 
 
 1905, February. — The National Farmer 
 and Stock Grower, of St. Louis, Mo., started 
 the agitation against the high rate of 
 interest charged upon farm loan.s. 
 
 1905, March 6 th. — Largest receipts of 
 liorses in one day at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 2,177 head. 
 
 1905, March 11th. — I.,argest receipts of 
 horses in one week at the Union Stock 
 Yards, ("hicago. 4,768 head. 
 
 1905. March 11th. — Largest receipts of 
 horses in one inonth at the Union Stock 
 Yards, Chicago, 18,4 48 head. 
 
 1905, April 17th. — ^C. M. Rand, a horse 
 dealer, sold the highest-priced car-load of 
 draft horses on the Kansas City market to 
 this time. The car-load contained sixteen 
 head that weighed 1,600 to 2,150 pounds, 
 and brought $230 to ,t275, or an avera.ge 
 price of |25 1.51. The horses were shipped 
 in from Iowa. 
 
 1905. — In a three-mile running race at 
 Oakland, Calif., Saturday, April 8th, the 
 American record for that distance was low- 
 ered by F.lle, a four-year-old son of St. 
 Carlo, owned by C. StuV>enford. Carrying 99 
 pounds, Elie defeated Dr. Leggo, the favor- 
 ite, Veterano, Orchan, Barney Dreyfus, Fly- 
 ing Tornado and Grafter, and covered the 
 
 three miles in 5-22, the best previous time 
 liaving been Drake Carter's record of 5:24, 
 made at Siieepshead Bay in September, 18:^4. 
 
 HE.VD OF MY LADY DAINTY — Typical 
 New York saddle mare of the best class. 
 
 1905, April. — M. H. Tichenor & Co., of 
 Chicago, sold May Morning, a golden 
 chestnut saddle horse, five years old, fifteen 
 hands high, to J. H. Moore, for $3,650. This 
 was at a New York auction and reported 
 to be the highest price paid for a saddle 
 horse on the auction block. 
 
 1905, A.pril .''7th. — A pair of big niuJes sold 
 for $540 at the St. lyouis National StocK 
 Yards by Campbell i Reid and Western Sale 
 Stables Comr-anv, reported as being the 
 highest-priced pair sold in the open market. 
 
 1905, May 21st. — Largest receipt of calves 
 in one week at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 15,910 head. 
 
 1S05, July. — -An arbitration award by the 
 King of Italy respecting the Anglo-Portu- 
 guese frontier in Africa, apportions the la.'=c 
 piece of vacant or unappropriated land on 
 that continent. It also awarded the \a'st 
 piece of land available for colonization in 
 the known world, Africa being under gov- 
 ernment control. 
 
 JOE PATCHEN, 2:0iy,— Black horse, by 
 Patchen Wilkes. Holder of pacing record 
 for fastest two-heat race by a stallion, 2:03. 
 2:02'/i. Sire of Dan Patch, champion 
 harness horse. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 79 
 
 19<).>, May. — Two of the best mules ever 
 seen at St. Louis were marketed by f'rank 
 Platter, of ChillicoDie, Mo. They were a 
 lipping hiK pair, weighinR over ;!,200 
 pounds, and were s'ood a,ll over. The best 
 evidence of this wa.s thai they brousht .f-'ito. 
 One of Ihese mules wa.s what was properly 
 designated "a cracker-jack." She was said 
 by every dealer to be the best mule they 
 had ever seen, not in a month, or a year, 
 I'Ut their whole e.Kperience. She weighed 
 l.tiHO pounds, and had the shape, the 
 quality, the style, bone, foot and evi^rything 
 to make her a remarkable mule. Several 
 dealers bid $:j:-5 to SUliO for her alone. The 
 mules were bought by Mr. Platter from Ben 
 Broyles, of C.'hula. Mo. 
 
 1905, May. — Largest receipts of oalve!* in 
 one month at the Union Stock Yards, 
 rhicago, 62, 7J" head. 
 
 1905, August. — Reciproeity Conference at 
 <'hicago for the purpose of encouraging 
 irade in farm and ranch products with 
 foreign nations. 
 
 1905. — In the month of .July, New York 
 received 314,560 packages of butter, the 
 largest arrivals to that time. 
 
 1905, .VugUot tith. — At Decatur, III., The 
 Broncho paces in 2:03'.4. making a world's 
 ! e< or«l for mares. 
 
 QUEEN ESTHER, 3,038 — ESSEX SOW. 
 F^irst-prize winner and sweep.stakes sow at 
 the St. Louis Fair, 1902, the only time 
 shown. Her pigs were first-prize winners in 
 1901, also in 1902. Bred and owned by 
 Peter Miller & Son, of Belleville. 111. 
 
 1905.-— At Spnngfield, III., on November 
 2d, a sale of Shire horses was held by J. S. 
 Wright and .'Storey & Son. The five stallions 
 averaged $417, and the top price was .$97,5, 
 paid by Wni. Spears, of Tallula, III., for 
 l.orr^ Bob, a six-year-old stallion, sired b.v 
 Dandy Dick. The best price for a female 
 was $410, paid by C. G. Spence, of .'Assump- 
 tion, 111., for Forest Belle, a four-year-old, 
 sired by Rampton. 
 
 1905, September 30th. — During the year 
 ending on this^ day, tiie Guernsey cow Yeska 
 Suniieam gave ]4,920.S pounds of milk, 
 averaging 5.74 per cent, fat, equal to 857.15 
 pounds of pure butter-fat and equivalent to 
 1,000 pounds of merchantable butter, th;.<= 
 lein-T the world's oUicial butter-fat recoitl 
 made imder public supervision. 
 
 1905. October Hh. — In a contest against 
 time the famous champion harness horse, 
 the stallion Dan Patch. established a 
 world's record by pacins in 1:55 M. This at 
 Lexington. Ky. 
 
 190.5, October. — Largest receipts of sheep 
 in one month at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 690,956 head. 
 
 1905. November. — The Eastern stable of 
 show horses belonging to Mrs. J. B. M. Gros- 
 venor being sold at auction, brought a total 
 of 854,250 for twenty-eight head, which is 
 an average of $1,937.50 per head. The car- 
 riage teain. The Baron and The President, 
 sold to Dr. .J. G. Lyman for .|8.000. Pow 
 ■Wow a,nd Tomahawk, another pair, sold for 
 ?S,500 lo J. E. Denny, of Pittsburgh, P;i. 
 The high price- for a single animal was 
 $2,S00. paid for Petroleum, a 151/2 black 
 gelding, bought in for Mrs. Grosvenor. 
 
 1905. At New York, on November 22d, 
 Cresceus, the famous trotter, was sold in 
 Madison Square Garden for .$21,000 to M. W. 
 Sava.ge, of Minneapolis, Minn, wlio also owns 
 
 Dan Patch, Arion. and other famous horses. 
 The only other bidder was P. H. McGuire, 
 of New York, who offered $20,000. Nearly 
 5,000 people were present to see the sale. 
 
 1905. —During the year the pure-bred stock 
 sales at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
 amounted to thirty-five, at which 584 head 
 of c-ittle were sold ai an average of $161.90 
 Jier head. The Shorthorns were 120; avei- 
 age. $215.25. Herefords, 142; average, 
 .$137.20; Aberdeen-Angus average, $156.08; 
 and Galloways, fifty-six head; average, 
 $155.70. 
 
 1905, December — International Live Stock 
 Exposition at Chicago. Campion beef steer 
 Blackrock, .Aberdeen-Angus, two-year-old. 
 weighing l,G50 pounds. He was fed at the 
 Iowa Agricultural College and was sold at 
 25 cents a pound. 
 
 1905. —The canning of corn in the United 
 Stales and Canada reached a total of 
 13,418.665 cases, each case containing two 
 dozen standard cans. Iowa led the list, 
 with 2,557,104 cans. 
 
 1905, December 5th. — At Van Tassell & 
 Kearney's action stables. New York City, five 
 hundred thorouKhbreil horses were sold 
 under the hammer when Watercress sold for 
 $71,000. 
 
 1905. — (irain production of the year: 
 2,707,993,000 bushels curn. 692,979,000 bush- 
 els wheat. 953,216.000 bushels oats, 131,- 
 551.000 bushels barley and 28,486,000 bushels 
 rye. 
 
 1905. — Highest wheat, February, $1.24; 
 highest corn. May, 641/2 cents; highest oats, 
 July, 3414 cents. Lowest wheat, August, 
 77% cents; lowest corn, January and De- 
 cember, 40 cents; lowest oats, September, 
 25 cents. 
 
 1905. — Promising new fruits mentioned and 
 illustrated in the Year Book of the United 
 States Department of Agriculture: Magnate 
 apple, Oliver red apple, Rabun apple, Barly 
 Wheeler peach, Banner grape, Josephine 
 persimmon and the Chappelow Avocado or 
 Tropical pear. 
 
 1905. — Largest receipts of horses in ona 
 year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 127,250 head. 
 
 1906, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 farm animals: 19,794,000 milch cows, 47,068.- 
 VOO other cattle, 52,103,000 hogs, 50,632,000 
 sheep, 18,719,000 horses and 3,404,000 mules. 
 
 THE PERCHBRON HORSE from LaPerche, 
 France, is the most numerous breed of draft 
 horses in the United States. 
 
 1906. — The draft-horse sale held at 
 Bloomington, III., January 4th and 5th, 
 under the management of C. W. Hurt. 
 resulted in a general average of $362.95 for 
 fifty-three head. The eighty-nine stallions 
 avera.ge $424.25. and sixty-five mares aver- 
 aged $311.55. The Percheron stallion Pru- 
 dent, sired by Hercules, sold at $1,650 to J. 
 C. Good, of Flannagan, 111.; Germain, sired 
 by Odeon, sold for $1,040 to Emanuel Cross, 
 
so 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 of Adrian, Mich. ; and Pedroe, sired by San- 
 sonnett. 2d, sold to Wm. Rumney & Sons, of 
 Somonauk, 111., for .$1,005. The top-price 
 mare. Colly P., sired by Powerful, sold to 
 Win. Zumdahl. of Forrest, 111., for $635. 
 
 1906, January. — Ohio Chief, 8,727, a 
 Diii'oo-JerKPy boar, was sold by S. E. Morton, 
 of Camden, Ohio, for $2,000 to Mr. B. ,J. 
 Harding, of Macedonia, Wis., this represent- 
 ing the record jjrice for a Duroc- Jersey 
 boar. Ohio Chief was bred and raised by 
 Mr. Morton and was first-prize boar, two 
 years old and over, and reserve senior cham- 
 pion at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 
 
 1906, .January. — In this month the St. 
 T.oui.s National Stock Yards received 29,8?1 
 horses and mules, a world's record. 
 
 1906, February 2d. — At a public sale of 
 Duroo-Jersc.v swine, Helen Blazes, III., a 
 daughter of Tip Top Notcher, out of Helen 
 Blazes, bred by H. E. Browning, of Ripley, 
 111., was sold for the record price of $1,000 
 to J. Coy Roach, of Girard. 111. 
 
 1906. — On February 5th, at Omaha. Mark 
 M. Coad, of Fremont, Neb., sold American- 
 Vired Pereheron horses under the manage- 
 ment of ,John S. Cooper. At the sale seven- 
 teen two and three-year-old stallions sold 
 for $10,100, averaging $594.15, and eleven 
 mares brought $3,sno, an average of $351, 
 while the twenty-eight head averaged 
 nearly $500. The top price was $1,000, paid 
 by M. B. James, of Aurora, Neb., for the 
 stallion Albion, and E. K. Miller, of Hamp- 
 ton, Neb., paid $600 for Lady Beatrice, the 
 top-priced inare. 
 
 1906. — At a sale of Shorthorn eattle held 
 at Perth, in Scotland, Lord Lovat sold the 
 bull Broadhooks Champion to Mr. Miller, an 
 Argentine exporter, for 1,500 guineas Eng- 
 lish money, equal to $75,000 in American 
 money. 
 
 1906, February. — The grand champion fat 
 steer at the Western Live Stock Show, a 
 yearling Shorthorn, weighing 1,150 pounds, 
 was sold to J. D. Miller at 33 cents a 
 pound, the highest pricee ever paid for a 
 steer in Colorado. The steer was fed and 
 exhibited by the Colorado Agricultural Col- 
 lege. 
 
 SUSAN CUMBERLAND — Junior champion 
 Shorthorn female at the American Royal 
 Show of 1909. Exhibited by D. R. Hanna, of 
 Ravenna, Ohio. 
 
 1906. — At Vandalia, 111., February 25th, 
 G. G. Council sold forty-two head of hogs at 
 a public sale at an average of $258 per 
 head. The hogs were Berkshires. This was 
 said to be the world's record. Another higli 
 price was set in the sale of Baron Duke. 
 Fiftieth, which brought $1,600. This hog was 
 sold to W. S. Oorsa, of Whitehall, 111. 
 
 1906. — In March some public sales of 
 Poland-China swine were at strong prices. 
 E. H. Ware, at Douglas, 111., sold fifty-four 
 head at an average of $119.33, with a top 
 price of $380. E. L. .Jimison, at Oneida, 111., 
 sold fifty head at $116 per head, with $910 
 the top price, paid by Frank Walgemuth, of 
 Elgin, 111., for Keep Sake, a Keep On 
 boar: J. C. Hanna, of Middletown, la., sold 
 forty-four head at an average of $110.60. 
 with a top price of $320. Line Lukens, of 
 Disko, 111., sold sixty head at $104.23 per 
 head, the top price at the sale being $600. 
 
 1906, March. — A notable sale of mules 
 
 was effected at Atlanta, Ga.. liy Herren. 
 Bradbury & Co. There were twenty head, 
 averaging $452.50. One pair of show mules 
 included in the lot brought $1,150 and were 
 Topsy and Molly, World's Fair champions. 
 It was a record price for mules. 
 
 ORPHAN BOY — Grand champion jack at 
 the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. 
 Exhibited by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of 
 Smithton, Mo. 
 
 1906, March 6th. — At the sale of jacks and 
 .iennetsi held by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of 
 .Sinithton, Mo., several records were broken, 
 as follows: Highest-priced jack at auction. 
 Good T^Tature, two years old, sold to Wm. 
 Van Sweringen. of Holton, Kas., for $1,600. 
 Highest average for jacks, $856.30 per head 
 for thirty head, and largest total amount 
 of sale, $31,990. The jennet average was 
 $169.72 for twenty-seven head. High Style, 
 a foar-year-old jack, sold to the Goodrick 
 Stock Farm, of EUdon, Mo., for $1,510; and 
 Beston, a three-year-old. sold for $1,42". 'o 
 J. W. Stokey, of Causing, Kas., for $1,425. 
 The best price for a jennet was $565 for 
 Toddle, bought by R. E. Deere, of Buffalo, 
 Missouri. 
 
 1906, March 7th. — At Green Bay, Wis., the 
 Hagemeister Stock Farm sold fifty head of 
 Pei'fheron horses for an average of $501.50. 
 The sixteen stallions included three at 
 $1,000 and upward, and the average was 
 $612.50; and thirty-four mares averaged 
 $501.50. The top-price stallion was $1,250, 
 paid for p^claireur, a six-year-old, sold to 
 ('on. Keef, of Depere, Wis. The best price 
 for a mare was $900, paid by Fred Pabst, of 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 1906, March 19th. — A. .1. Lovejoy & Sons, 
 of Roscoe, 111., sold the Berkshire boar 
 Masterpiece, 77.000, for $2,500 at private 
 sale, the purchaser being W. S. Corsa, of 
 Whitehall, 111. 
 
 1906, April. — At a combination sale of 
 trotting horses held by the Bii^ir-Baker 
 Horse Company, of Indianapolis, Ind., Grace 
 A., 2:12U, bj' Anderson Wilkes, topped the 
 market for trotters at $5,000, while the 
 grand young mare. Alfalfa, 2;lli/4, by Argot 
 Wilkes, brought $3,800, the top price for 
 pacers. Numerous sales were made between 
 ."SI, 000 and $2,000. 
 
 1906, April 3d. — At the St. Louis National 
 Stock Yards the McFarlane Commission 
 (^ompany sold twenty-one head of mules for 
 Ratz Piros., of Red Bud, 111., for an average 
 of $237.50, the record price for a load of 
 mules sold on consignment in the market. 
 
 1906, May 1st. — I.,argest receipts of calves 
 in one day at the Union Stock Yard.i, 
 Chicago, 9,284 head. 
 
 1906, May 17th. — At the annual Spring 
 Show held on the Island of Jersey, the cow 
 Karank. the winner of the English Jersey- 
 Cattle .Sooiet.v golil medal, established a 
 butter record for the island. .She made 
 three pounds six and one-half ounces of 
 butter in twenty-fO'Ur hours, the best ever 
 reached in a public test on the island. 
 Karank is owned by Mr. G. L. Gruchy; was 
 seven years old and 123 days in milk. There 
 were eighty-one entries in the contest. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 81 
 
 1906, May 15th. — ^Close of official year in 
 liestinff HolHtein-Friewian fows for advanced 
 registry. DurinK tlii.s official year IJtin 
 Hoilstein-Friesian cow.s and heifers of all 
 ases were officially tested for a period of 
 \ seven consecutive days or longer, producing 
 for the seven consecutive days oSl.O.'ii'.S 
 pounds of milk, containing 19,701.3 pounds 
 hutter-fat, and showing an average of 3.39 
 per cent. fat. The average weekly produc- 
 tion for each animal so tested was 376.7 
 pounds milk, containing 12.75 pounds 
 biltter-fat, equivalent to 53. S pounds milk, 
 or over twenty-six quarts daily, and nearly 
 fifteen pounds of the best quality of butter 
 per week for each cow. 
 
 HON. JAMBS WILSON, of Tama county. 
 Iowa, United States Secretary of Agri- 
 culture. He served the longest term of any 
 Secretary of Agriculture. 
 
 1906. June 19th-21st. — The dispersiou 
 sale of the herd of Shorthorn cattle estab- 
 lished by G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., and 
 later known as the Tebo Land and Cattle 
 Company herd, took place at Kansas City, 
 Mo. The result was an average of $30s.(jO 
 for 166 females, an average of $1,1,01.35 
 for eleven bulls, and a general average of 
 $377.75 for 177 head. The bulls Included the 
 grand champion Choice Goods, 1S6,S02, sold 
 at .$5,500 to Howell Reese, of Pilger, Neb. 
 Two sons of Choice Goods sold at $1,500 
 each. The top price for females was the 
 imported cow Marengo's Lavender Countess 
 with heifer calf by Choice Goods at foot 
 and sold for S2,150 to C. E. Leonard & Son. 
 of Bell .\ir, Mo. The grand champion cow 
 Ruberta also sold to Howell Reese at 11 3J"> 
 Thirty-one of the get of Choice Goods -sold 
 at the sale for $•18,734.85. The total amount 
 realized at the sale was $63,337. 
 
 1906. June. — De Kolle Creamelle, 59,15S 
 Holsteiii row owned by D, W. Field, of 
 Dutcbland Farms. Montello. Mass., finished 
 a hundred-day milking test, giving 10. HIT 
 poutids of milk, 2. 84 per cent, fat, or 28 1 
 pounds of butter-fat, equivalent to '35 
 pounds of merchantable butter. This (n\\ 
 is claimed to hold the largest official smgU 
 day milk record, 119.4 pounds of milk, tin 
 largest seven-day record, 780.3 pounds n\ 
 milk: the largest thirty-day record, 3,20ii 
 pounds of milk: the largest sixty-day recoiii 
 6,251 pounds of milk: the largest ninetv-d.i\ 
 record, 9,454 pounds of milk: and tin 
 largest hundred-day record, 10,017 pound 
 of milk. The hundred-day milking teconl 
 was nearly equal to twelve gallons of mill\ 
 per day. 
 
 1906. June 29th. — The President sisnod 
 the bill passed by Congress and introduc o I 
 by Hon. W. A. Rodenberg, of Illinois. \\ hu h 
 extends the time of live stock in transit 
 without unloading from a limit of twenty- 
 eight hours to a maximum of thirty-six 
 hours. This is to be done upon written 
 request of the owner or person in charge of 
 the particular shipment. 
 
 1906, June 29th. — Congress passed a law 
 providing for an appropriation of $3,000,000 
 
 to defray the expenses of enlarged inHpec- 
 tion of American live stock and live stock 
 products, the same to be as formerly under 
 the control of the United States Department 
 of Agriculture. For a long time the bill 
 was delayed through a determined effort to 
 change existing method.^ and saddle the 
 salaries of the government inspectors upon 
 the stock raisers of the country by first 
 charging it up to the packers, who would 
 .simply buy all stock subject to inspection 
 and clearance certificate, thereby shifting 
 a direct tax of so much per head upon all 
 live stock sold in market to be paid by the 
 owner thereof. The happy result whereby 
 eighty millions of people pay the tax and 
 the government pays and controls its own 
 inspectors wat: largely due to the House 
 Committee of Agriculture and more espe- 
 cially to Hon. James W. Wads worth, of 
 Xew York state, to whom the farmers an.l 
 'tnck raisers are under great obligation. 
 
 1906, August. — In England the American 
 eleven-year-old mare Grace Greenlander. 
 -':1SV,, reduced the trotting: record for three 
 miles in a race and over a half-mile track 
 to 7:]5'"i. The fractional time was: Half, 
 1:11: mile, 2-23; one and one-half miles, 
 2-36: two miles, 4:50; two and one-half 
 miles, r, 04; three miles, 7:15%; making the 
 fecond mile in 2:37 and the third in 
 2:25%. Threo other horses started, two of 
 which did not finish, while the third came 
 in about 20 yards behind. 
 
 1906. — .\t Readville. Mass, August 31st. 
 the seven-year-old mare Ecstatic paced a 
 mile in 2:01 >4, reducing the record for a 
 pacing mare in a race. 
 
 1906, August 25th. — At Gale-s-burg. III., the 
 hay mare The Broncho distinguished herself 
 l^y pacing a mile in 2:00%, establishing 
 the one-mile pacing record for a mare 
 aeainst time. 
 
 1906, .\ugust 25th. — .\t Readville, Mass.. 
 the pacing gelding Bolivar, by Wayland W., 
 2I2V2, dam Belle W., by Conn's Harry 
 Wilkes, negotiated a mile in a "-ace in 
 2:00%. equaling the performance of Prince 
 Alert in 1901. 
 
 1906, August 29th.— At Readville, Mass., 
 the gelding M^• Star reduced the gelding 
 pacing record for a now performer to 
 2-03%. 
 
 1906. — .\t Libertyville, 111., September 7th, 
 the brown stallion Solon Grattan trotted a 
 mile in 2:10 v, on a half-mile track, thereby 
 estal)li>.hing a record. 
 
 1906, September 12th. — At Syracuse, N. Y. 
 the bay mare .-^weet Marie trotted a mile in 
 a race in 2:03%, establishing a world's 
 record. 
 
 1906. — .\t Columbus, Ohio, September 17th, 
 the brown mare Italia established a record 
 for a new performer by pacing a mile in 
 
 2:04 v.. 
 
 SWEET MARIE, 2:02. 
 
 1906, September 18th. — At Columbus, Ohio 
 the bay flllj- Brenda. York, by Moko, paced 
 a mile in 'i:08%, thereby establishing a 
 record for three-year-old fillies. 
 
82 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1906. September 21st. — At Columtous, Ohio, 
 Sweet Marie, in her ninth year, in a contebt 
 against time, negotiated the trotting: mile in 
 3:02. She went the first quarter in 0:30; 
 the half in 0:59%; and three-quarters in 
 ] :30. .Sweet Marie was driven by Alta 
 McDonald. 
 
 vf^!^?fy>ff)jfKrrf^'^ 
 
 AMERICAN GIRI., — A famous prize-win- 
 ninK bay saddle mare, bred by J. D. & I^. B. 
 Smith, of New Berlin, 111. Foaled in 1.S92. 
 Owned later by \V. .1. Hoe, of Oshkosh, Wis. 
 
 1906. — At Columbus, Ohio, September 21st, 
 The Abbe, black colt, by Chimes, trotted a 
 mile in 2:10 ',4, giving him the joint claim 
 to record made by Arion in 1902. 
 
 1906, September 2Cth. — The First Cow 
 'IVht Association organized in Newago 
 county, Michigan. Tlie plan is that fifteen 
 or twenty dairymen form an asisociation and 
 pay $1.00 per cow per year to help defray 
 the expenses of the test. A competent 
 person is hired to make the tests. By tliis 
 means records are kept and the good dairy 
 cows become known and bred from and the 
 unprofitable cows are sent to the butcher. 
 
 1906, October 6th. — Largest receipts of 
 sheep in one week at the Union Stock Yards, 
 Chicago, 179. -iSO head. 
 
 1006. October Sth. — Educational poultry 
 exhibit car started on the Missouri Pacific 
 Railroad. Was on tiie road twelve days; 
 stopped fifteen times and held eighteen 
 meetings; forty-nine lectures were delivered; 
 4.0,SO persons attended the meetings and 
 l.''>,250 people visited the car. It was in 
 charge of .Tohn T. Stinson, Agricultural 
 .^gent; C. M. I^ewelling, Poultry Speaker; 
 Henry Steinmesch, Kxpert Poultryman and 
 .fudge. R. M. Washburn, State Dairy Com- 
 missioner, delivered addresses on dairy 
 subjects. 
 
 1906. October Oth. — .\t a sale of Western 
 isjnjjp horses held \-y Campbell i*t Reid and 
 Western Sale Stables Company at the St. 
 IjOU's National Stock Yards, 3,4'42 horses 
 were sold at auction in six hours, establish- 
 ing a world's record. J. Tobe Ward and 
 P. M. Gross officiated as auctioneers. These 
 horses brought $172,0000. A load of these 
 Western range horses sold for $111.00 round, 
 the highest price e\ er paid for a load of 
 ran^e horses at public auction. 
 
 1906, October Kith. — "First Apple Day" 
 set apart to be celebrated every year so long 
 .Ts time shall last. This was by the Ameri- 
 can Apple Growers' Congress at their 
 annual meeting held at St. I^ouis. The 
 oHlcers' President, Henry M. Dunlap, of 
 Savoy, 111.; Vice-President, W. R. Wilkinson, 
 of St. Louis; Secretary, T. C. Walsh, of 
 Hannibal, Mo.; Treasurer, Wesley Greene, of 
 Oes Moines, la. ; Statistician, John A. 
 Stinson, of Springfield, Mo. Afpple Day is 
 the third Tuesday in October. 
 
 1906. October. — The Joseph A. Maxwell 
 Mule Comipany, of St. Louis, Mo., consigned 
 twenty-seven mules to the opening of the 
 Piss, Doerr &■ Carroll Grand Pavilion in New 
 
 York City, where they were sold at auction 
 by electric light on October 25th at S p. m., 
 following the sale of a lot of Percheron 
 horses. They were sold by the pair at a 
 range of $525 to $750, two pairs of them 
 bringing $750 each. These mules stood Ifi 
 to 17.1 hands, and the average weight was 
 1.500 pounds, which is 30 pounds more 
 than the average weight of a 16-hand mule. 
 
 1906, October "2d. — At Lima, O., George 
 (.., bay gelding, trotted a mile against time 
 'in a half-mile track in 2:0S%, thereby 
 ■ stablishing a world's gelding half-mile 
 iiack record. 
 
 1906. November 7th. — Near Lawton, Okla., 
 1 negro girl from Hill county, Texas, picked 
 70.5 pounds of cotton in one day. She was 
 but fifteen years old, and this was claimed 
 to be a world's record for cotton picking, 
 considering age, size and sex. 
 
 1906. — On November 29th, Sweet Marie, 
 tl e ianious trotting mare, with the record of 
 _' 02, was sold at Madison Square Garden 
 lor $14,000 to E. T. Stotesbury, a Philadel- 
 ph:a banker. Sweet Marie was bred by 
 I'rank C. Shumaker, of Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 1906, Novenrber. — ^Mr. J. Ogden Armour 
 bestowed $5,000 annually to 1)6 distributed 
 at the International Live Stock Exposition 
 of Chicago and to be com.peted for by the 
 State \gricultural Colleges'. This provides 
 for twenty scholarships to be known in his 
 name. In making the presentation Mr. 
 \rmour said: "It is my desire that the 
 recipients of the scholarships lie limited to 
 bovs uhose parents are unable to give them 
 the ad\antage of an agricultural education." 
 
 1906, November. — Jos. A. Maxwell Mule 
 Company, of the St. Louis National Stock 
 Yards, sold a pair of five-year-old, seal- 
 brown mules, 17 hands high, the team 
 weighing 3,710 pounds. These were bought 
 l)y Robert Harrington and shipped by him 
 to Atlanta, Ga., where they were resold for 
 $1,000. 
 
 1906, December. — International Live Stock 
 Exposition, fjrand champion heef steer of 
 
 the show the pure-bred Hereford calf Peer- 
 less Wilton, 39th's Defender, eleven months 
 old; weight, 975 pounds. The first calf 
 awarded this high honor. A great exampie 
 of baby beef. Bred and fed by F. A. Nave, 
 of Attica. Ind. 
 
 DRAGON — First-prize Percheron stallion. 
 
 1900, December. — International Live Stock 
 Exposition. The two-year-old Percheron 
 stallion Dragon, first-prize winner, sold by 
 McLaughlin Bros, to Mr. H. G. Spohr for 
 the record price of $5,000. 
 
 1906, December. — International lAve Stock 
 Show. Grand champion, Aberdeen-Angus 
 bull Vala's Rosegay. Grand champion 
 feiTiale, Eileen I<ass. Grand champion 
 Shorthorn bull. Whitehall Marshall; female, 
 Welcome of Meadow Lawn. Galloways — 
 Senior champion. Pat Ryan; female. Myrtle 
 of Avondale. Herefords — ^Senior champion 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 83 
 
 bull. Princeps, 4th; female, Heliotrope. 
 F'ollecl Durhams — Senior champion bull, 
 Groser .A liljolshurn ; female, Lady Abliols 
 
 ihurii. Iteil Polls — Senior champion tiull. 
 
 \Water Boy; female, Jessie. 
 
 CI.ARA H. — ^CHEiSTKR WHITE SOW. 
 Two year.s old. Champion at the Illinoi.s 
 State Fair, 1905. Exhibited by W. A. 
 Hoover, of O.skaloosa, Iowa. 
 
 1906, December 24th. — ^Prom London, 
 England, the first con.signment of Elig:lisli 
 apples was sent to the Red Sea by (5. 
 Hodges, of the Covent Garden Market, to 
 Port .Sudan. The apples were packed care- 
 fully in barrels, containing 120 each, all of 
 the same quality and size. The sorts 
 selected were as follows: Wellingtons, Blen- 
 heims, Queenings and Greenings. 
 
 1906. — Largest receipts of calves in one 
 year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 413,2fin head. 
 
 1906. — Largest receipts of sheep in one 
 year at the LTnion Stock Yards, Chicago, 
 4, sot, 449 head. 
 
 1906. — Grain production of the year: 
 2,927,416,000 bushels corn, 735,261,000 bush- 
 els wheat, 964,905,000 bushels oats, 178,916 
 bushels barley and 33,375.000 bushels rye. 
 
 1906. — Higrliest wlieat, May, 94% cents; 
 highest corn, June, 54% cents; highest oats, 
 June, 42% cents. Lowest wlieat, August and 
 .September, 69% cents; lowest corn, Febru- 
 ary and March, 39 cents; lowest oats, 
 March, 28 yg cents. 
 
 1907, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 farm animals: 20,968,000 milch cows, 51,506,- 
 000 other cattle, 54,794,000 hogs, 53,240,000 
 sheep, 19,747,000 horses and 3,817,000 mules. 
 
 GINGERBREAJ3 MAN — SADDLE GEL- 
 DING. Winner of six championships and 
 other prizes in 1911. Owned by T. H. Son- 
 nenburg, St. Louis, Mo. Ridden by Mr. 
 Jno. T. Hook. 
 
 1907, January. — ^Mr. A. C. Van Meter, of 
 lOlUharl, Til., shijipod fourteen mules in over 
 (lie Illinois Traction .System. It was the 
 hrst shipment of the kind over the new 
 road. The load of mules sold at sight to 
 Mr. Adolph Ueinian for *235 each. — From 
 <-ircular of McParlane Commission Company, 
 SI. Louis National Stock Yards. 
 
 1907. rioniisins new fruits mentioned 
 :ind illuslraled in the Year Book of the 
 I Mited Stales Deparlment of Agriculture: 
 l>i|:cious ai)ple, Ensee apple, Lambert 
 1 horry. Miller persimmon. Ruby persimmon 
 anil Sandersha Mango. 
 
 1907. — In this year 13,070.903 cases of eggs 
 were the total received at New York, 
 Clucago, Boston, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Mil- 
 waukee and San Francisco. Largest of 
 leiiiid to date. 
 
 1907. (irain production of the year: 
 
 2..'ili2.:i2i),(ioii bushels corn, 034,087,000 bushels 
 wheat. 7r,1.44:;,UOO bushels oat.s, 153,597,000 
 bushels barley, 31,566,000 bushels rye. 
 
 1907. — ^Highest wlieat, October, $1.0514: 
 highest corn, October, 06 1/2 cents; highest 
 oats, September, 561/2 cents. Lowest wheat, 
 January, 71 cents; lowest corn, January, 
 39% cents; lowest oats, January, 331/2 cents. 
 
 1907, March 1st. — Henry Gill, a veteran 
 horse dealer had eleven loads of domestic 
 horses on sale at the Chicago market in one 
 week. They were all from Iowa. 
 
 1907, December. — First National Corn 
 .Show. Grand prize for the best ten ears of 
 corn won by Mr. I^. B. Clore, of Franklin, 
 Ind.. with his exhibit of Johnson County 
 White. 
 
 BE(ST TEN EARS OF CORN exhibited at 
 First National Corn Show at Chicago, 1907, 
 Exhibited by L. B. Clore, of Franklin, Ind. 
 
 1907, December. — ^The National Farmer 
 and Stock Grower, published monthly at St. 
 Louis, Mo., was the first farm paper to offer 
 quantities of champion seed corn as sub- 
 scription premiums. The yellow corn used 
 in the carapaign was grown by Mr. D. L. 
 Pascal, of Iowa, and the white corn by Mr. 
 L. B. Clore, of Indiana. 
 
 1908, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 fanii animals: 21,194,000 milch cows, 50,073,- 
 000 other CAttle, 56,084,000 hogs, 54,631,000 
 sheep, 19,992,000 horses and 3,869,000 mules. 
 
 1908. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
 and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
 United States Department of Agriculture: 
 Patten apple, Bennett apple, Williams 
 apple, Augbert peach. Champion peach, 
 Eaton raspberry, Peter's Mango, Lonestar 
 and Kawakami persimmon. 
 
 1908. — Grain production of the year: 
 2.668,651,000 bushels corn, 664,602,000 bush- 
 els wheat, 807,156 bushels oats, 166,756,000 
 bushels barley and 31,851 bushels rye. 
 
 1908. — Highest wheat. May, $1.11; highest 
 corn. May and September, 82 cents; highest 
 oats, July, 60 1/0 cents. Lowest wheat, July, 
 841 2 cents; lowest corn, December, 56 cents; 
 lowest oats, August, 4 6 cents. 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 1909, January 1st. — ^United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
 farm animals: 21,720,000 milch cows, 49,379.- 
 000 other cattle, .''>4, 147,000 hogs, S6,0S4,0(in 
 sheep, 20,640,000 horse-s and 4,053,000 mules. 
 
 1909. — ^Promising new fruits mentioned 
 and illustrated in the Year Book of tlie 
 United States Department of Agriculture: 
 Mother apple, Coffman apple. Diploma cur- 
 rant, Carrie gooseberry, Winfield raspberry. 
 Victor Roselle or ".Jamaica Sorrel." 
 
 1909.- -Union Stock Yards at Portland. 
 Oregon, opened for business in the month of 
 September. Stock is r'^ceived lioth by water 
 and rail. 
 
 1909, November 2d. — A ship-load of Aus- 
 tralian meat, sterilized and chilled by the 
 liinley process, arrived in I.,ondon after be- 
 ing seventy days in transit. It was chilled 
 at 30 to 31 degrees instead of the usual 
 freezing at 10 to 15 degrees. The shipper 
 was Mr. John Coolie, of Melbourne, Aus- 
 tralia. 
 
 1909. — Grain production of the year: 
 2,552,190,000 bushels corn, 053,350,000 bush- 
 els wheat and 1,007,129,000 bushels oats, 
 173,321,000 bushels barley and 29,520,000 
 bushels rye. 
 
 1909. — ^Highest wheat, June. $1.60; highest 
 corn, June, 77 cents; highest oats. May, 60 V:; 
 cents. Lowest wheat. August, 9914 cents; 
 lowest corn, January, 5SV4 cents; lowest oats, 
 August, 36 1^ cents. 
 
 GOLDEN GLOW — CHESTNUT SADDLE 
 MARE. 15.2 hanis high; daughter of Rex 
 Peavine, a son of Rex McDonald. Sold 
 recently for $2,100 at Lexington. Ky., to 
 Mr. Chester W. Chaoin, of New York City. 
 The price is said to be the highest ever paid 
 for a saddle mare at auction. 
 
 1910, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture e.-^timate of number of 
 farm animals: 21.S01,000 milch cows, 47,- 
 279,000 other cattle, 47,782,000 hogs, 57,216,- 
 000 sheep. 21,040,000 horses and 4,123,000 
 mules. 
 
 1910. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
 and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
 United States Department of , Agriculture : 
 IjOwry apple, Kinnard apple, Payne peach, 
 Hoosier raspberry, Dugat orange. Family 
 Avocado, Tamopan persimmon and Cecil 
 Mango. 
 
 1910, September 22d. — At the age of S5 
 David Rankin, of Tarkio, Mo., died. Born. 
 May 2Sth, 1S25, in Sullivan county, Indiana. 
 He lived to be the most notable farmer of 
 his day and the owner of the largest tracts 
 of rich land. He raised a million bushels of 
 corn on 19.000 acres in one year, but above 
 all he was a stockman, marketing hogs and 
 cattle of his own raising and feeding. 
 
 1910. — Grain production of the year: 
 2,886,260,000 bushels corn, 635,121,000 bush- 
 els wheat, 1,186,341,000 bushels oats, 173,- 
 832,000 bushels barley, 34,897,000 bushels rye. 
 
 MR. R. A. JAMES, of Charleston. 111. 
 hibitor of the best ear of corn of 
 National Corn Exposition of 1910. 
 
 1910. — Highest wheat, July, $1,291/2; high- 
 est corn, January, 68 cents; highest oats, 
 February, 49 cents. Lowest wheat, Novem- 
 ber, S6i/i cents; lowest corn, Deceml^er, 44 V4 
 cents; lowest oats, October, 29% cents. 
 
 DAN PATCH, 1:55 — Pacing stallion. 
 Champion harness horse of the world. 
 Owned by Mr. M. W. Savage, of Minneap- 
 olis, Minn. 
 
 Note by the £ditor and Compiler. — 
 
 Having collected the material for the 
 Hi.'Jtory of Agriculture by Dates and placed 
 it in pamphlet forin we are convinced that 
 the work is a collection of scraps which will 
 require considerable effort to correct and 
 improve. It is, however, an original work, 
 and by printing the subject of each item in 
 bold-faced type there is practically no need 
 of an index. Tlie History of Agriculture by 
 Dates is sold at a fair price for what it is. a 
 foundation work, to be pul^lished year after 
 year, and be made better every time. 
 
HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 85 
 
 BOOK DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Tlie following books by the best authorities, all istaiKlard works, are for 
 sale at the pric^e stated and will be sent by parcel post prepaid on receipt of 
 price. Address all orders to THE HALE IHlll.lSHINti CO., 85.->0 Vista 
 Ave., St. Jjonis, Mo. 
 
 The American Apple Orcliard. 
 
 By F. A. Waiigh. This work is 
 the result of actual experience and 
 observation of a practical man. It 
 is what everyone interested in apples 
 has been looking for. Of all fruit 
 crops, the apple is not only the most 
 popular, but it is alfo the most prof- 
 itable, and in this book chief promi- 
 nence has been given to modern 
 commercial methods as practiced in 
 large and up-to-date orchards. At 
 the same time the family orchard is 
 not neglected, for special treatment 
 of the subject has been given. 
 Methods are discussed, not for their 
 theoretical value, but from the 
 standpoint of cash profits. Anyone 
 interested in apples will find this a 
 valuable and helpful guide. Illus- 
 trated. 5x7 inciies. 226 pages. 
 Price, SI. 00. Hale Publishing Co., 
 3.T50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 American (L'attle Doctor. 
 
 By George H. Dadd, V. S. A 
 complete work on all the diseases of 
 cattle, sheep and swine, including 
 every disease peculiar to America, 
 and embracing all the latest informa- 
 tion on the cattle plague and 
 trichina; containing also a guide to 
 symptoms, a table of weights and 
 measures, and a list of valuable 
 medicines. Illustrated. 367 pages. 
 6x9 inches. Bound in cloth, by 
 mail, postpaid, $2.00. Hale Pub- 
 lishing Co., 35")0 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 American Fruit Culturist. 
 
 By John J. Thomas. Containing 
 practical directions for the prop- 
 agation and culture of all the 
 fruits adapted to the United States. 
 Twentieth thoroushly revised and 
 greatly enlarged edition by Wm. H. 
 S. Wood. This new edition makes 
 the work practically almost a new 
 book, containing everything pertain- 
 ing to large and small fruits as well 
 as subtropical nnd tropical fruits. 
 Richly illustrated by nearly 800 en- 
 gravings. 758 pages. 12mo. Price, 
 $2.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Loui^, Mo. 
 
 American Grape Growing and Wine 
 Making'. 
 
 By George Husmann. New and 
 
 enlarged edition. With contributions 
 from well-known grape growers, 
 giving wide range of experience. The 
 author of this book is a recognized 
 authority on the subject. Illustrated. 
 2 69 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price. 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The American Peach Orchard. 
 
 By F. A. Wauah. This book is in- 
 tended to be of service to the be- 
 ginner as well as the commercial 
 grower of peaches. An idea of the 
 scope and completeness of the book 
 may be had by noting the following 
 subjects, each of which has been 
 treated in a separate chapter: 
 Peach-growing Geography, Climatol- 
 ogy, Soils and Exposures, How to 
 Get the Trees, Orchard Planting, 
 General Management, Cover Crops, 
 the Use of Fertilizers, Pruning and 
 Renovation, Insect Enemies, Dis- 
 eases of Tree and Fruit, Spraying, 
 Marketing the Crop, the Family 
 Orchard, Botanical and Pomological 
 Status, Choosing Varieties, Variety 
 Catalogue, the Nectarine, Utilizing 
 the Fruit, Historical Sketch. To 
 anyone who wants to know the latest 
 on peach culture, this book will be 
 worth many times its cost. Fully 
 illustrated. 5x7 inches. 2 75 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publishing 
 Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Animal IJreeding. 
 
 By Thomas Shaw. This is the first 
 book which has systematized the 
 subject of animal breeding. The 
 leading laws which govern this most 
 intricate question the author has 
 boldly defined and authoritatively 
 arranged. The chapters on the more 
 involved features of the subject, as 
 sex and the relative influence of 
 parents, should go far toward set- 
 ting at rest the widely speculative 
 views cherished v.ith reference to 
 these questions. Illustrated. 405 
 pages, 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price. 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Bai'n Plans and Outbuildings. 
 
 This book contains chapters on the 
 economic erection and use of barns, 
 grain barns, horse barns, cattle 
 barns, sheep barns, corn houses. 
 
86 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 smoke houses, ice houses, pig pens, 
 granaries, etc. There are likewise 
 chapters upon bird houses, dog 
 houses, tool sheds, ventilators, roofs 
 and roofing, doors and fastenings, 
 workshops, poultry houses, manure 
 sheds, barnyards, root pits, etc. 235 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price. 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Clovers, and How to Grow Tlieni. 
 
 By Thomas Shaw. This is the first 
 book published which treats on the 
 growth, cultivation and treatment of 
 clovers as applicable to all parts of 
 the United States and Canada, and 
 which takes up the entire subject in 
 a systematic wa/y and consecutive 
 sequence. The importance of clover 
 in the economy of the farm is so 
 great that an exhaustive work on 
 this subject will, lio doubt, be wel- 
 conied by students in agriculture as 
 well as by all who are interested in 
 the tilling of the soil. Illustrated. 
 5x7 inches. 3.T7 pages. Cloth. 
 Price, $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 
 3 5 50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Coburii's Swine Husbandry. 
 
 By F. H. Coburn. New, revised 
 and enlarged edition. The breeding, 
 rearing and management of swine, 
 and the prevention and treatment 
 of their diseases. It is the fullest 
 and freshest compendium relating to 
 swine breeding yet offered. Illus- 
 trated. 312 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 (Jranberry Culture. 
 
 By Joseph .J. White. Contents: 
 Natural history, history of cultiva- 
 tion, choice of location, preparing the 
 ground, planting the vines, manage- 
 ment of meadows, flooding, enemies 
 and difficulties overcome, picking, 
 keeping, profit and loss. Illustrated. 
 132 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.00 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Dadd's American Reformed Horse 
 Book. 
 
 By George H. Dadd, V. S. A trea- 
 tise on the causes, symptoms and 
 cure of every disease incident to the 
 horse, including all diseases peculiar 
 to America, .and which are not 
 treated of in the works based upon 
 the works of Youatt, Mason ana 
 others. Embracing also full details 
 of breeding, rearing and management 
 on the reform system of practice. 
 Illustrated. 442 pages. 6x9 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co.. 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 The Dairyman's Manual. 
 
 By Henry Stewart, author of "The 
 Shepherd's Manual," "Irrigation," 
 etc. A useful and practical work by 
 a writer who is well known as thor- 
 oughly familiar with the subject of 
 which he writes. Illustrated. 475 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Fai'in Aritlinretic. 
 
 By Charles W. Burkett, formerly 
 Professor of Agriculture in the New 
 Hampshire College of Agriculture, 
 and Karl D. Swart^el, Professor of 
 Mathematics, Ohio State University. 
 For the first time in book making a 
 real farm arithtnetic has been 
 thought out. developed and printed. 
 This book applies to the everyday 
 life of the farm boy and girl and is 
 designed for a basic study in every 
 school and in every rural community. 
 It supplies new, accurate, useful and 
 interesting problems for practice, 
 drill and review. It will tend to 
 develop in the mind of the pupil an 
 appreciation of and an insight into 
 the quantitative side of farm life. 
 2 80 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 8550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Soil .«jnd Crops of the Farm. 
 
 By George E. Morrow, M. A., and 
 Thomas F. Hunt. The methods of 
 making available the plant food in 
 the soil are described in popular 
 language. A short history of each of 
 the farm crops is accompanied by a 
 discussion of its culture. The useful 
 discoveries of science are explained 
 as applied in the most approved 
 methods of culture. Illustrated. 310 
 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St 
 Ivouis, Mo. 
 
 Be«>inner's Guide to Fruit Growing. 
 
 By F. A. Waugh. The great ma- 
 jority of books are written for the 
 professional farmer or fruit grower, 
 for the one who has spent his life on 
 the soil and who already knows all 
 the simple facts. Yet these simplest 
 things — the most necessary to suc- 
 cess — are just the thing that the 
 genuine beginner does not know. 
 The need of such a beginners' book 
 is, no doubt, more urgent in the field 
 of fruit growing than anywhere else, 
 and the reason that this line of 
 work appeals especially to people 
 removing from the city to country. 
 Illustrated. 5xr inches. 120 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, 75 cents. Hale Pub- 
 lishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis. Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 87 
 
 The liook of Corn. 
 
 Bv Herbert Myrick, assisted by A. 
 D. Shamel, E. A. Burnett, Albert W. 
 Fulton, B. W. Snow and other cap- 
 able specialists. A complete treatise 
 upoit the culture, marketing and uses 
 of maize in America and elsewhere, 
 for farmers, dealers and others. 
 Illustrated. Upwards of .'JOO pages. 
 rix7 inches. Cloth. Price by mail, 
 prepaid, $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 
 35.^)0 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Rook of Wheat. 
 
 By P. T. Dondlinger. This book 
 comi)rises a complete siuay of every- 
 thing pertaining to wheat. It is the 
 work of a student of economic as 
 well as agricultural conditions, well 
 fitted by the broad experience in 
 both practical and theoretical lines to 
 tell the whole story in a condensed 
 form. It is designed for the farmer, 
 the teacher and the student as well, 
 and the bibliography which accom- 
 panies the book alone is worth many 
 time its price to the investigator of 
 any subject connected with the cul- 
 ture of wheat. Illustrated. bVzxS 
 inches. 370 pages. Cloth. Price, 
 $2.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The IJiisiness of Daiiyinj?. 
 
 By C. B. Lane. The author of this 
 practical little book is to be congrat- 
 ulated on the successful manner in 
 which he has treated so important a 
 subject. It has been prepared for 
 the use of dairy students, producers 
 and handlers of milk and all who 
 make dairying a business. Its pur- 
 pose is to present in a clear and con- 
 cise manner various business methods 
 and system, which will help the 
 dairyman to reap greater profits. 
 This book meets the needs of the 
 average dairy farmer, and if care- 
 fully followed will lead to successful 
 dairying. Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.5 0. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Farm Crop.s. 
 
 By Charles William Burkett. This 
 volume abounds in helpful sugges- 
 tions and valuable information for 
 the most successful growing of the 
 various farm crops, whether large or 
 small areas are allotted to them, and 
 it is a plain, practical and reliable 
 guide and tells of the best ways of 
 handling crops from the time the 
 land is made ready until the harvest 
 product is sold. Contents: Good Soils 
 Back of Good Crops, How Rotations 
 Help Out; Crop Yields and Proper 
 Culture; Wheat Crops For Stock 
 Feeding; The Silo, Silage and Soiling 
 
 Crop ; Every Farmer a Plant Breeder ; 
 and Farm Crops. Illustrated, 5x7 
 inches. 2SS pages. Cloth. By mail, 
 postpaid, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
 Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Gardening T'or Pleasure. 
 
 By Peter Henderoon. A guide to 
 the amateur in the fruit, vegetable 
 and flower garden, with full descrip- 
 tions for the greenhouse, conserva- 
 tory and window garden. It meets 
 tlie wants of all classes in country, 
 city and village, who keep a garden 
 for their own enjoyment rather than 
 for the sale of products. Finely 
 illustrated. 404 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 Tlie Landscape Beautiful. 
 
 By F. \. Waugh. In these seven- 
 teen i:hapters. or essays, as the 
 author calls them, he presents a 
 delightful study of the landscape in 
 all its phases — historical, poetic, lit- 
 erary, artistic, practical, landscape 
 gardening, etc. All written in a most 
 sympathetic and fascinating style. It 
 will make a highly-appropriate gift 
 book. It is. printed from large, clear 
 type, on specially made, deckle- 
 edged, woven paper, the illustrations 
 on coated paper in soft tones, gilt 
 top, modern art binding. 336 pages. 
 Size, 614x8% inches. Price, $2.00. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
 Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Land Draining. 
 
 By Manly Miles. A book for 
 farmers on the jjrinciples and prac- 
 tice of draining, giving the results of 
 his extended experience in laying tile 
 drains. The directions for the laying 
 out and the construction of tile 
 drains will enable the farmer to 
 avoid the errors of imperfect con- 
 struction and the disappointment 
 that must necessarily follow. Illus- 
 trated. 2 00 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista .\ve., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 ^larkct (iardening and Farm Notes. 
 
 By Burnett Landreth. Experi- 
 ences and observations for both 
 North and South, of interest to the 
 amateur gardener, trucker and 
 farmer. A novel feature is the 
 calendar of farm and garden opera- 
 tions for each month; the chapters 
 on fertilizers, transplanting, succes- 
 sion and rotation of crops, the pack- 
 ing, shipping and marketing of veg- 
 etables will be especially useful to 
 market gardeners. Illustrated. 315 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 Making Poultry Pay. 
 
 By Edwin C. Powell. A manual 
 of practical information on poultry 
 keeping. It tells what to do, why to 
 do it, and how to do it. Illustrated. 
 .S24 pages. 5x(5 '/^ inches. Bound 
 in cloth. Price, $1.00, by mail, post- 
 paid. Hale Publishing Co., 3.550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Management and IJreerting of Horses. 
 
 By M. W. Harper. In this volume 
 the entire subject oT iudging, feeding, 
 breeding, care and management as 
 well as the history and description of 
 each of the breeds of horses is pre- 
 sented in a most practical manner. 
 The book is illustrated with many 
 cuts of the best types of horses and 
 the most approved methods of 
 handling them. An attempt has 
 betn made to arrange the subject so 
 that the book may be used as a text 
 as well as a practical guide for the 
 farmer and horse breeder. Illus- 
 trated. 5 1/^x8 inches. 466 pages. 
 Clolh. Price, $2.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., .'^550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 The Management and Feeding of 
 Cattle. 
 
 By Prof. Thonias Shaw. The place 
 for this book will be at once 
 apparent when it is stated that it is 
 the first book that has ever been 
 written which discusses the manage- 
 ment and feeding of cattle, from the 
 birth of the calf until it has fulfilled 
 its mission in life, whether on the 
 block or ac the pail. The book is 
 handsomely printed on fine paper, 
 from large, clear type. Fully illus- 
 trated. .5V^x8 inches. 196 pages. 
 Bound in cloth, by mail, postpaid, 
 $2.00. Hale Publishmg Co., 355;) 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Modern House Plans For Everybody. 
 
 By S. B. Reed. This useful volum.e 
 meets the wants of persons of mod- 
 erate means, and gives a wide range 
 of designs, from a dwelling costing 
 $250 up to $8,000, and adapted to 
 farm, village or town residences. 
 Nearly all of these plans have been 
 tested by practical working. Pro- 
 fusely illustrated. 2 43 pages. 5x7 
 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 The New Egg Farm. 
 
 By H. H. Stoddard. A practical, 
 reliable manual upon producing eggs 
 and poultry for market as a profit- 
 able business enterprise, either by 
 itself or connected with other 
 branches of agriculture. It tells all 
 about how to feed and manage; how 
 
 to breed and select incubators and 
 brooders; its labor-saving devices, 
 etc. 140 original illustrations. 331 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00.' Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Nut CuHurist. 
 
 By Andrew S. Fuller. A treatise 
 on the propagation, planting and cul- 
 tivation of nut-bearing trees and 
 shrubs adapted to the climate of the 
 United States, with the scientific and 
 common names of the fruits known 
 in commerce as edible or otherwise 
 useful nuts. Illustrated. 290 pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Peach Culture. 
 
 By Hon, J. Alexander Fulton. The 
 best work on peach growing. It has 
 been thoroughly revised and a large 
 portion of it rewritten, bringing it 
 down to date. Illustrated. 204 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.:.0. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Quiniby's New Beekeeping. 
 
 By L. C. Root. The mysteries of 
 beekeeping explained. Combining 
 result of fifty-years' experience with 
 the latest discoveries and inventions 
 and presenting the most approved 
 methods, forming a complete work. 
 Illustrated. 271 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, postpaid. .$1.00. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Insects and Insecticides. 
 
 A book by Clarence M. Weed.D.Sc, 
 Professor of Entomology and Zoology, 
 New Hampshire College of Agricult- 
 ure. A practical manual concerning 
 noxious insects and methods of pre- 
 venting their injuries. 334 pages, 
 with many illustraticns. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co,, 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Fumigation >Iethods. 
 
 By Willis G. .Tohnson. A timely, 
 up-to-date book on the practical ap- 
 plication of the new methods for 
 destroying insects with hydrocyanic 
 acid gas and carbon bisulphide, the 
 most powerful insecticides ever dis- 
 covered. It is an indispensable book 
 for farmers, fruit growers, nursery- 
 men, gardeners, florists, millers, 
 grain dealers, transportation com- 
 panies, college and Experiment 
 Station workers, etc. Illustrated. 
 313 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
 Price, $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 
 355 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 89 
 
 Grape Cultiirist. 
 
 By A. S. P'uUer. This is one of the 
 very best of works upon the culture 
 of the laardy grapes, with full direc- 
 tions for all departments of propaga- 
 tion, culture, etc. With 150 excel- 
 lent engravings, illustrating plant- 
 ing, training, grafting, etc. 2S2 pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Greenhouse Construction. 
 
 By L. R. Taft. A complete treatise 
 on greenhouse structures and ar- 
 rangements of the various forms and 
 styles of plant houses, for profes- 
 sional florists as well as amateurs. 
 All the best and most improved 
 structures are clearly described. The 
 modern and most successful methods 
 of heating and ventilating are fully 
 treated upon. Special chapters are 
 devoted to houses used for the grow- 
 ing of one kind of plants exclusively. 
 The construction of hotbeds and 
 frames receives appropriate atten- 
 tion. Over 210 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Nicely bound in cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3 550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Greenhouse Management. 
 
 By L. R. Taft. This book forms 
 an almost indispensable companion 
 volume to "Greenhouse Construc- 
 tion." So minute and practical are 
 the various systems and methods of 
 growing and forcing roses, violets, 
 carnations and all the most import- 
 ant florists' plants, as well as fruits 
 and vegetables, described, that by a 
 careful study of this work and the 
 following of its teachings, failure is 
 almost impossible. Illustrated. 32 8 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Nicely bound in 
 cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 VMsta Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Guenon's Ti'eatise on Milch Cows. 
 
 By Thomas J. Hand, Secretary of 
 the American Jersey Cattle Club. A 
 treatise on the bovine species in gen- 
 eral. An entirely new translation 
 of the last edition of this popular 
 and instructive book. With over 100 
 illustrations, especially engraved for 
 this work. 131 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Handy Farm Devices and How to 
 Make Them. 
 
 By R. Cobleigh. This book con- 
 tains directions for making things 
 for almost every conceivable farm 
 purpose, including appliances for the 
 care of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, 
 poultry and bees; gates, fences, ap- 
 
 pliances for the garden, orchard, 
 woods, house, barns and outbuild- 
 ings. In every instance there is a 
 clear, complete description with 
 illustrations. 5x7 inches. 2 88 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.5 0. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Harris on the Pig. 
 
 By .losepli Harris. The points of 
 the various English and American 
 breeds are thoroughly discussed, and 
 the great advantage of using thor- 
 oughbred males clearly shown. The 
 work is equally valuable to the 
 farmer who keeps but few pigs and 
 to the breeder on an extensive scale. 
 Illustrated. 318 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price. $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 Herbert's Hints to Horse Keepers, 
 
 By the late Henry William Her- 
 bert (Frank Forr(sior). This is one 
 of the best and most popular works 
 on the horse prepared in this 
 country. A complete manual for 
 horsemen, embracing: How- to breed 
 a horse; how to buy a horse; how to 
 break a horse; how to use a horse; 
 how to feed a horse: how to physic 
 a horse (allopathy or homoeopathy) ; 
 how to groom a horse; how to drive 
 a horse; how to ride a horse, etc. 
 Beautifully illustrated. 425 pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Homes For Home Builders. 
 
 Edited and arranged by W. D. 
 King, architect, of New York. Farm 
 and village house plans, also plans of 
 barns, stables, poultry houses, etc., 
 in great variety. 2 51 pages. 5x7 
 inches. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.00. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Soiling Crops and the Silo. 
 
 By Thomas Shaw, Professor of 
 Animal Husbandry at the University 
 of Minnesota. How to cultivate and 
 harvest crops; how to build and fill 
 a silo; how to use silage. The 
 newest and most valuable of all 
 bocks for the dairyman. It tells all 
 about growing and feeding all kinds 
 of soiling crops that have been found 
 useful in any part of the United 
 States or Canada — climate and soil 
 to which they are adapted, rotation, 
 sowing, cultivating and feeding. 
 Also about building and filling silos, 
 what to use and how to fill and feed 
 it. Illustrated. 3 64 pages. 5x7 
 inches. Cloth. Price. $1.50. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
90 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 Pai'm Development. 
 
 By Willet M. Hays. It takes up 
 farming as a vocation, tells about tbe 
 geological history of the earth, ex- 
 plains the way soil is made, describes 
 the manner of selecting a farm home, 
 how to subdue the land, how to drain 
 and irrigate, and how to build roads, 
 bridges and fences. The author is 
 one of our leading agricultural 
 educators and has been a foremost 
 worker in introducing agriculture 
 in the common schools. Profusely 
 illustrated. 5i^x8 inches. :;;t2 pages 
 Cloth. By mail, postpaid, $1..50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Farm Machinery and Farm Motors. 
 
 By J. B. Davidson and L. W. 
 Chase. Farm Machinery and Farm 
 Motors is the lirst American book 
 published on the subject of Farm 
 Machinery since that written by J. J. 
 Thomas in 1867. This was before 
 the development of many of the more 
 important farm machines and the 
 general application of power to the 
 work of the farm. Modern farm 
 machinery is indispensable in 
 present-day farming operations, and 
 a practical book like Farm Machinery 
 and Farm Motors will fill a much-felt 
 need. Although written primarily as 
 a text-book, it is equally useful for 
 the practical farmer. Profusely 
 illustrated. 5i/^x8 inches. 520 pages. 
 Handsomely bound in cloth. Price, 
 $2.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Tho Saddle Horse. 
 
 A complete guide for riding and 
 training. This is a complete and 
 reliable guide book for all who 
 desire to acquire the accomplishment 
 of horsemanship and who wish to 
 teach their animals how to perform 
 various feats under the saddle. 
 Illustrated. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. I.ouis, Mo. 
 
 Farm Alanures. 
 
 By Chas. E. Thorne. This is the 
 most complete and exhaustive work 
 of the kind ever published on the 
 production and handling of animal 
 manures. It tells in concise form 
 the essential things that every 
 farmer and tiller of the soil should 
 know. A plain, practical account of 
 the effects of various kinds of 
 manures on the soil and the composi- 
 tion of farm crops and of the effect 
 of different fertilizing elements on 
 their growth. The book will not 
 only interest practical farmers, but 
 intending farmers who feel the call 
 
 to go on the land and grow crops, 
 illustrated. 5x7 inches. 300 pages. 
 Price. $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 
 35 50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Talks on Manures. 
 
 By Joseph Harris, M. S. A series 
 of familiar and practical talks be- 
 tween the author and the deacon, the 
 doctor and other neighbors, on the 
 whole subject of manures and fertil- 
 izers, including a chapter especially 
 written for it by Sir John Bennet 
 Lawes, of Rothamsted. England. 36*; 
 l)ages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
 Price, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. Hale 
 Publishing Co., li'^ri) Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Turkeys, and How to Grow Them. 
 
 Edited by Herbert Myrick. A 
 treatise on the natural history of 
 turkeys; the various breeds and the 
 best methods to insure success in the 
 business of turkey growing. Illus- 
 trated. 154 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price. $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Gai'dening For Profit. 
 
 By Peter Henderson. The standard 
 work on market and family garden- 
 ing. The successful experience of 
 the author for more than thirty 
 years, and his willingness to tell, as 
 he does in this work, the secret of 
 his success for the benefit of others, 
 enables him to give most valuable 
 information. The book is profusely 
 illustrated. 376 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
 Co., 3 550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Farfu Stock. 
 By C. W. Burkett. There are few 
 men in the country better qualified 
 to write on this subject than Pro 
 fessor Burkett, late Director of the 
 Kansa.s Experiment Station, and novv 
 editor of the American Agriculturist. 
 The v/riter handles, in a brief, yet 
 Ijractical and thorough manner, the 
 breeding and feeding, care and man- 
 agement, of all classes of farm stock. 
 The chapters on beef, mutton and 
 pork making show how the small 
 breeder can make money. For the 
 average farmer there is no book on 
 farm stock just like it. Written in a 
 simple, straightforward way, with 
 all technical terms and expressions 
 fully explained, it is designed for 
 the average farmer, yet the largest 
 breeder can profit by using it as a 
 guide. Fully illustrated. 5x7 Vj 
 Inches. 350 pages. Bound in cloth. 
 by mail, postpaid, $1.5 0. Hale Pub- 
 lishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 91 
 
 Tho Forage ami. Fiber Crops in 
 America. 
 
 By Thomas F. T-Junt This book is 
 exactly what its title indicates. It is 
 indispensable to the farmer, student 
 and teacher who wishes all the latest 
 and most important information on 
 the subject of forage and fiber crops. 
 Like its famous companion, "The 
 Cereals in America." by the same 
 author, it treats of the cultivation 
 and improvement of every one of the 
 forage and fiber crops. With this 
 book in hand you have the latest and 
 mofit up-to-date information avail- 
 able. Illustrated. 428 pages. o^/gxH 
 inches. Bound in cloth. Price, 
 postpaid, $1.75. Hale Publishing 
 Co., 3.J50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Forage Crops Otiier Tlian Grasses. 
 
 How to Cultivjite and Use Them. 
 By Thomas Shaw. Scon forage crops 
 other than grasses will be grown 
 from sea to sea. This new departure 
 may revolutloni/:e the stock and 
 dairy business of America. Professor 
 Shaw's book tells all about it — just 
 what has been done, how it was done 
 and how any and every farmer caji 
 do likewise. Scientifically accurate, 
 the book is intensely practical. 
 Illustrated. 287 pages. .5x7 inches. 
 By mail, postpaid, $1.00 Hale Pub- 
 lishing Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Forest Planting. 
 
 By H. Nicholas .Jarchow, LL.I). A 
 treatise on the rare of woodlands 
 and the restoration of the denuded 
 timber lands on plains and moun- 
 tains, full instructions being given 
 for forest planting of our various 
 kinds of soil and subsoil. Illustrated. 
 2.i0 pages. .5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
 Price, $\.:,0. Hale Publishing Co., 
 •3 5r.O Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Horse; How to Buy and SelL 
 
 By Peter Howden. Giving the 
 points which distinguish a sound 
 from an unsound horse. This 
 volume abounds in general informa- 
 tion, stated in so clear and simple a 
 manner as to enable anyone to intel- 
 ligently buy and sell a horse. 131 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 How Crops Feed. 
 
 By Prof. Samuel ^V. Johnson. A 
 treatise on the atmosphere and the 
 soil, as related in the nutrition of 
 agricultural plants. The volume — 
 the companion and complement to 
 "How Crops Grow" — has been wel- 
 comed by those who appreciate the 
 scientific aspect of agriculture. 
 Illustrated. 37 6 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 
 Cloth. Bv ma,il, postpaid. Price, 
 $]..tO. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 How Ci'ops Grow. 
 By Prof Samuel W. .lohnson. A 
 treatise on the chemical composition, 
 structure and life of the plant. \ 
 .iruide to the knowledge of agricult- 
 ural plants, their composition, their 
 structure and models of development 
 and growth; of the complex organi- 
 zation of plants, and the use of the 
 parts; the germination of seeds, and 
 the food of plants obtained both 
 from the air and the soil. Illus- 
 trated. 410 pases. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth-bound, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Ice Crop. 
 
 A book by Theron L. Hiles. How 
 to harvest, ship and use ice. A 
 complete, practical treatise for farm- 
 ers, dairymen, ice dealers, produce 
 shippers, meat packers, cold storers, 
 and all interested in ice houses, cold 
 storage and the handling or use of 
 ice in any way. Including many 
 recipes for iced dishes a,nd bever- 
 ages. The book is illustrated by cuts 
 of the tools and machinery used in 
 cutting and storing ice, and the dif- 
 ferent forms of ice houses and cold 
 storage buildings. Illustrated. 122 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Insects Injurious to Vegetables. 
 
 A book by F. H. Chittenden, S.C.D. 
 A complete, practical work, giving 
 descriptions of the most important 
 insects attacking vegetables of all 
 kinds, with simple and inexpensive 
 remedies to check and destroy them, 
 together with timely suggestions to 
 prevent their recurrence. Profusely 
 illustrated. 5%x8 inches. 300 pages. 
 Cloth. By mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 Vista Ave.. 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing. 
 
 By F. A. Waugh. A practical 
 guide to the picking, storing, shipping 
 and marketing of fruit. The prin- 
 cipal subjects covered are the fruit 
 market, fruit picking, sorting and 
 packing, fruit storage, evaporating, 
 canning, statistics of the fruit trade, 
 fruit package laws, commission 
 dealers and dealing, cold storage, 
 etc. No progressive fruit grower can 
 afford to be without this most valu- 
 able book. Illustrated. 232 pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 Swino in America. 
 
 By F. D. Coburn. This great book 
 on hog raising is a guide to every 
 grower and a text-book to every 
 student. What he had already done 
 for alfalfa, Mr. Coburn now has done 
 for swine. This great industry is 
 treated in his new work, "Swine in 
 America," in a most exhaustive 
 manner. Every phase of hog raising 
 is considered from a practical stand- 
 point, and the latest contributions to 
 the science and art of handling and 
 managing hogs weighed and dis- 
 cussed in this important work down 
 to the hour of publication. If you 
 have anything at all to do with hogs, 
 get this book. This book contains 
 650 pages, 6x9 inches, bound in fine 
 silk cloth, gold stamping, making 
 it one of the handsomest and most 
 attractive agricultural books now 
 before the public. Price, $2.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 Vista 
 Ave., St. Louis. Mo. 
 
 First Principles of Feeding Farm 
 Animals. 
 
 By C. W. Burkett. As indicated 
 in its title, the book discusses the 
 fundamental and first principles of 
 feeding the animals of the farm. It 
 is of simple construction, takes up 
 the subject step by step, making it 
 possible for the practical man or 
 student to understand clearly and 
 fully both the science and the prac- 
 tice of this important subject. Illus- 
 trated. 34 S pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
 Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Vegetable Gardening. 
 
 By R. L. Watts. This complete, 
 concise and authentic book covers 
 every phase of vegetable gardening 
 and is especially well organized as a 
 text-book and equally valuable as a 
 handbook for practical growers. It 
 treats fully the questions regarding 
 soils, fertilizers, manures, irrigation, 
 insect enemies and fungous diseases, 
 construction of hot-houses, cold- 
 frames, seed grov/ing, vegetables 
 under glass, marketing, etc. Illus- 
 trated 514x8 inches. 525 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.75. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co.. 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Farmer's Veterinarian. 
 
 By Charles William Burkett. This 
 book abounds in helpful suggestions 
 and valuable information for the 
 most successful treatment of ills and 
 accidents, and disease troubles. A 
 practical treatise on the diseases of 
 farm stock, containing brief and 
 popular advice on the nature, cause 
 and treatment of disease, the com- 
 mon ailments and the care and 
 
 management of stock when sick. It 
 is profusely illustrated, containing a 
 number of half-tone insert illustra- 
 tions and a great many drawings 
 picturing diseases, their symptoms 
 and familiar attitudes assumed by 
 farm animals when affected with dis- 
 ease, and presents, for the first time, 
 a ]jlain, practical and satisfactory 
 guide for farmers who are interested 
 in the common diseases of the farm. 
 Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
 Bound in cloth, by mail, postpaid, 
 $l.bO. Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, ?Io. 
 
 Plums and Plum Culture. 
 
 By Prof. F. A. Waugh. A complete 
 manual on all known varieties of 
 plums and their successful manage- 
 ment. Plum culture is one of the 
 most complicated of fruit specialties, 
 and Professor Waugh is one of the 
 best known of the specialists, and 
 this work represents in an unusual 
 degree the original discoveries of the 
 author. Nevertheless, the discoveries 
 and practical experience of others 
 have not been disregarded. The 
 book will be found indispensable to 
 the scientist, to the nurseryman and 
 to the cultivator. Illustrated. 391 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Study of Breeds. 
 
 By Thomas Shaw. Origin, his- 
 tory, distribution, characteristics, 
 adaptability, uses and standards of 
 excellence of all pedigreed breeds af 
 cattle, sheep and swine in America. 
 The accepted text-book in colleges, 
 and the authority for farmers and 
 breeders. Illustrated. 371 pages. 
 ')Xl inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
 Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Potato. 
 
 By Samuel Fraser. While the prac- 
 tical side of potato culture has been 
 emphasized, the scientific part has 
 not been neglected, and the informa- 
 tion given is of value, both to the 
 grower and the student. It is the 
 most complete, reliable and authori- 
 tative book on the potato ever pub- 
 lished in America. Illustrated. 200 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound, 
 postpaid, 75 cents. Kale Publishing 
 Co., 35 50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Soil of the Farm. 
 
 By John Scott and J. C. Morton. A 
 liandbook of the processes included 
 in the management and cultivating 
 of the soil. 107 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co.,3550 Vista Ave., St.Louis,Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 93 
 
 The Cereals in America. 
 
 By Thomas F. Hunt, M. S., D. 
 Agri., Professor of Agronomy, Cor- 
 nell University. If you raise five 
 acres of any kind of grain you can- 
 not afford to be without tliis book, 
 it is in every way the best book on 
 the subject that has ever been 
 written. It treats of the cultivation 
 and improvement of every grain 
 crop raised in America in a thor- 
 oughly practical and accurate 
 manner. The subject matter includes 
 a comprehensive and succinct trea- 
 tise of wheat, maizo, oats, barley, 
 rye, rice, sorghum (Kaffir corn) and 
 l)uck wheat, as related particularly 
 to American conditions. Illustrated. 
 450 pages. 5%xS inches. Cloth. 
 Price, $1.75 by mail, postpaid. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Practical Floriculture. 
 
 By Peter Henderson. A guide to 
 the successful propagation and culti- 
 vation of florists' plants. The work 
 is not for florists and gardeners only, 
 but the amateur's wants are con- 
 stantly kept in mind. It also com- 
 prises a very complete treatise on 
 the cultivation of flowers under glass, 
 or in the open air, suited to those 
 who grow flowers for pleasure as 
 well as those who make them a 
 matter of trade. Illustrated. 325 
 pages. 5x7 'inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Profitable Poultry Production, 
 
 By M. G. Kains. This book shows 
 liow poultry can be made more prof- 
 itable. From cover to cover the 
 book is written with the one aim of 
 aiding the poultry raiser to make the 
 most money from the farm flocks; 
 hence special emphasis is laid on 
 marketing both poultry and eggs as 
 well as on breeding and feeding. 
 Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 Weeds of the Farm and Garden. 
 
 By L. H. Pamniel. The enormous 
 losses amounting to several hundred 
 million dollars annually in the 
 United States caiised by weeds stim- 
 ulate us to adopt a better system of 
 asriculture. The wood question is, 
 therefore, a most important and vital 
 one for American farmers. This 
 treatise will enable the farmer to 
 treat his field to remove weeds. The 
 book is profusely illustrated by pho- 
 tographs and drawings made ex- 
 pressly for this work and will prove 
 invaluable to every farmer, land 
 owner, gardener and park superin- 
 
 tendent. 5x7 inches. 300 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis. Mo. 
 
 Profitable Stock liaising. 
 
 By Clarence A. Shamel. This 
 book covers fully the principles of 
 breeding and feeding for both fat 
 stock and dairying type. It tells Ol 
 sheep and mutton raising, hot-house 
 lambs, the swine industry and the 
 horse mar'^et. I'inally he tells of 
 the preparation of stock for the 
 market and how to prepare it so that 
 it will bring a high market price. 
 Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
 Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Pub- 
 lishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Book of Alfalfa. 
 
 History, Cultivation and Merits. 
 Its Uses as a Forage and Fertilizer. 
 The appearance of the Hon. F. D. 
 Coburn's little book on Alfalfa a few 
 years ago has been a profit revela- 
 tion to thousands of farmers through 
 out the country, and the increasing 
 demand for still more information on 
 the subject has induced the author 
 to prepare the present volume, which 
 is, by far, the most authoritative, 
 complete and valuable work on this 
 forage crop puTdished anywhere. 
 Illustrated. 336 pages. 6 i/^x9inches. 
 Cloth. Price bv mail, postpaid, 
 $2.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Foundations of American Grape Cul- 
 ture. 
 
 By T. Y. Munson. This book is 
 original, clear and practical, besides 
 being the most accurately scientific, 
 clear and practical v/ork upon Amer- 
 ican grapes, suited to all sections of 
 the country. It will be a fine money 
 maker to every practical vineyardist 
 who reads it, and a delight and help- 
 mate to every home that grows a few 
 vines about the house, on the trees, 
 on walls or arbors, or garden trellis. 
 Illustrated. 7i/^xl0 inches. 250 
 pages. Cloth. Price, $2.00. Hale 
 Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
 Louis, ]\Io. 
 
 Play and Profit in My Garden. 
 
 By E. P. Roe. The author takes 
 us to his garden on the rocky hill- 
 side, and shows us how out of it, 
 after four-years' experience, he 
 evoked a profit of $1,000, and this 
 while carrying on pastoral and liter- 
 ary labor. Illustrated. 350 pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
 Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. ^ 
 
 The Fniit Garden. 
 
 By P. Barry. A standard work on 
 fruit and fruit trees, tlie autlior 
 having had over thirty-years' practi- 
 cal experience at tlie head of one of 
 the largest nurseries in this country, 
 invaluable to all fruit growers. Il- 
 lustrated. 516 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Cloth. Price, .$1,5 0. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 3 5 50 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 Profits in Poultry. 
 
 Useful and ornamental breeds and 
 their profitable management. This 
 excellent work contains the combined 
 experience of a number of practical 
 men in all departments of poultry 
 raising. It is profusely illustrated 
 and forms a uniqut; and important 
 addition to our poultry literature. 
 352 pages. 5x7 inches. Bound in 
 cloth. Price, .$1.00. Hale Publish- 
 ing Co., 35 50 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 
 
 The Science and Practice of Cheese- 
 nsakhig. 
 
 By L. L. Van Slyke and C. A. 
 Publow. A treatise on the manu- 
 facture of American cheddar clieese 
 and some other varieties; intended 
 as a text-book for the use of dairy 
 teachers and students in class-room 
 and work-room; j^repared also as a 
 handbook and work for reference for 
 the daily use of practical cheese- 
 makers and cheese-factory operations. 
 This Is a work which represents both 
 the scientific and practical sides of 
 cheesemaking and which, in respect 
 to authorship, has been prepared 
 under unusually favorable auspices. 
 Illustrated. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, I\Io. 
 
 Systematic Poiiiolojsy. 
 
 By F. A. Waugh, Professor of 
 Horticulture and Landscape Garden- 
 ing in the Massachusetts Agricultural 
 College, formerly of the University 
 of Vermont. This is the first book 
 in the English language which has 
 ever made the attempt at a complete 
 and comprehensive treatment of sys- 
 tematic pomology. It presents clearly 
 and in detail the whole method by 
 which fruits are studied. The book 
 is suitably illustrated. 2SS pages. 
 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Farm I)rainage. 
 
 By Judge French, of New Hamp- 
 shire. The principles, process and 
 efforts of draining land with stones, 
 wood, ditch-plows, open ditches, and 
 especially with tiles; including 
 tables of rainfall, evaporation, filtra- 
 
 tion, excavation, Capacity of pipes, 
 cost and number to the acre. 3 84 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth, $1.00. 
 Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 jMaklns' Hort: culture Pay. 
 
 By M. G. Kains. This book con- 
 tains a simple, concise but adequate 
 discussion of soils and their care, 
 fertilizers and fertilizing, water and 
 its control, and the function of culti- 
 vation. Then follows a discussion 
 of fruit plantations and their care, 
 the various orchard fruits of temper- 
 ate Nortli America, and the small 
 fruits of this region. The vegetable 
 garden is treated generally, and then 
 the various vegetables a,re taken up 
 individually. After a general chapter 
 on spraying, the volume closes with 
 a chapter on ornamentals for the 
 home grounds, gardens, the house 
 and the greenhouse. Illustrated. 
 5x7 inches. 2 88 pages. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Small Fruit Cidturist. 
 
 By Andrew S. Fuller. The book 
 covers the whole ground of propa- 
 gating small fruits, their culture, 
 varieties, packing for market, etc. 
 It is very finely and thoroughly illus- 
 trated, and makes an admirable 
 companion to "The Grape Culturist." 
 2 08 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Pear Culture For Profit. 
 
 By P. T. Quinn, Practical Horti- 
 culturist. Teaching how to raise 
 pears intelligently, and with the best 
 results, how to find out the character 
 of the soil, the best methods of pre- 
 paring it, the best varieties to select 
 under existing conditions, the best 
 modes of planting, pruning, fertiliz- 
 ing, grafting and utilizing the ground 
 before the trees <;ome into bearing, 
 and, finally, of gathering and pack- 
 ing for market. Illustrated. 136 
 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
 $1.00. Halo Putlishing Co., 3550 
 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Cider Maker's Handbook. 
 
 Cy .1. M. Trowbridge. Contents: 
 The properties of cider apple juice; 
 apples, varieties and tests; apparatus 
 for making cider; pasteurization.; old 
 method of cider making. It is a 
 complete guide for the cider maker 
 on a large or small scale. Illus- 
 trated. 119 pages. 5x7 inches. 
 Bound in cloth. Sent prepaid for 
 SI. 00. Hale Ptxblishing Co., 3550 
 Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 95 
 
 National 
 FARMER 
 
 .\ Mr.. ,!>:.. ,r UM 
 
 
 
 it Pi ftWvS E«(t* 
 
 THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER 
 
 Is a nice, clean, general farm publication, full of practical, interesting and 
 instructive information. It contains good reading for all the family. It is 
 very useful to general farmers, to vegetable and fruit growers, and especiallv 
 so to cattle, hog and sheep raisers and feeders, to horse and mule raisers and 
 dealers, and it contains more good poultry facts than most of the poultry papers. 
 The best live stock illustrations appear in THE NATIONAL FARMER AND 
 STOCK GROWER. There are thirty-two pages, four columns to the page. It 
 is published monthly. 
 
 Send us Fifty Cents and we will send you THE NATIONAL FARMER AND 
 STOCK GROWER for one vear, and we will also send you a copy of HALE'S 
 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 
 
 THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Ave., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 

 
 ^#>lBl?^^^)IBB!^^^?^^^^->^^!^^^-¥^^^^fe^!^^^-^^^ 
 
 ¥ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 The- LIVE STOCK 
 iil CHAMPIONS. 
 
 NOW READY FOR DELIVERY. 
 
 Time to Life Pictmcs iJepioduced From Photograplis Taken in the 
 
 Principal Show Kinsis of the American Continent by 
 
 the Greatest Animal Artists. 
 
 One Thoiisand Champions, 
 
 Winners in Annual Live Stock Contests at State and National Fairs 
 
 and Expositions. 
 
 THIS i« a new edition of the most valuable book ever published 
 in the interest of high-class stock raising. The pictures in THE 
 BOOK OF LIVE STOCK CHAMPIONS are of famous animals. 
 There are sweepstakes and championship winners at State, National 
 and International Fairs and Expositions. These include individual 
 awards in breeders' competitions, also herds with prize-ring honors; 
 the beef cattle include grand champion steers and car-loads; the 
 dairy cattle include record makers and large producers of milk and 
 butter; the horses include thoroughbred, trotting, coach, draft, 
 hunters, ponies, jack stock, etc. Hogs, sheep and goats are repre- 
 sented by the best in every breed. The book is elegantly bound in 
 blue cloth, 352 pages, with nearly 750 separate and distinct illustra- 
 tions, one, two, five or more champions to the page. 
 
 There is not a second-class animal or inferior picture in the 
 book. Every animal is a record-maker, record-breaker, famous sire, 
 mother of champions, or winner in the prize ring. 
 
 Issued as a Souvenir Suppflement. 
 
 THE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK CHAMPIONS is published as a 
 Souvenir Supplement to THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK 
 GROWER, issued monthly at St. Louis, Mo., a splendid, clean, 
 general farm publication, full. of practical, interesting and instructive 
 information. It contains good reading for all the family. It is 
 very useful to general farmers, vegetable and fruit growers, and 
 especially so to cattle, hog and sheep raisers and feeders, horse and 
 mule raisers and dealers, and it contains more good poultry facts 
 than most of the poultry papers. There are thirty-two pages, four 
 columns to the page. 
 
 Special Inducements. 
 
 AN EXTRAORDINARY OFFER. 
 
 We offer the first ten thousand copies of this edition at One 
 Dollar per copy, including a two-year subscription to THE 
 NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER. The first ten 
 thousand copies are handsomely printed on coated paper and 
 elegantly bound in blue cloth, with gilt title. No finer volume was 
 ever offered. Send One Dollar with your order to 
 
 THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo, 
 
 iti 
 
 ^ 
 
^^^^-^^^^^^^^^-^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 GREATEST 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 003 154 727 1 
 
 Subscription Proposition. 
 
 Co-operative Clubbing Arrangement. 
 
 Four Great Papers . . 
 
 For One Year 
 
 For Only One Dollar* 
 
 FOUR STERLING, UP-TO-DATE 
 SPECIAL FARM PAPERS. 
 
 THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER 
 — issued monthly— a magnificent guide and coun- 
 sellor in all branches of farming, grain growing, 
 fruit growing, dairying, stock raising and feeding, 
 markets, etc. 
 
 THE AMERICAN SWINEHERD — issued monthly — 
 a leader in its class. The hog paper, the pig paper, 
 the brood-sow paper and strictly first-class in 
 teaching how to top the market by producing top 
 hogs. 
 
 THE SHEPHERDS' JOURNAL is devoted to 
 sheep husbandry on the farm and on the range. 
 It is equally valuable for the breeder as for the 
 herdsman. It is issued monthly, printed on 
 elegant paper, splendidly illustrated and edited 
 by practical men. 
 
 THE RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL — the largest, 
 best and most elegant poultry journal issued in the 
 United States. Great on breeding points, and splendid 
 articles on raising, feeding and shipping poultry. THE 
 RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL is distinctly practical 
 in all articles. The writers are thoroughly expert in 
 their particular branches of Poultry Husbandry and 
 retain the peculiar quality of being good instructors. 
 You gain something every time you read THE 
 RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL. 
 
 The four papers above mentioned ought to be on every farm and 
 ranch. Taken singly they cost $2.00 a year. By our co-operative 
 clubbing arrangement we are enabled to offer all four papers one 
 year for One Dollar. Address us at once without fail. 
 
 THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., ;i5.'i0 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^¥¥^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 003 154 727 1 
 
 Hollinger Corp. 
 pH8.5