DEDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Oi^n^ral i>amu^l ffil|B|tman 
 
 JANUARY 30, 1913 
 
 PAUAHI HALL, OAHU COLLEGE 
 
 HONOLULU, HAWAII 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ^j^ttrral i>am«^l fill|apman 
 Armatottg memorial 
 
 JANUARY 30, 1913 
 
 PAUAHI HAI.I<, OAHU COIvI^EGK 
 
 HONOI.UI,U, HAWAII 
 
THE ARMSTRONG MEMORIAL 
 
 THE Civic Federation of Honolulu in 1906 proposed a plan to 
 erect at Punahou a memorial to GENERAL SAMUEL CHAP- 
 MAN ARMSTRONG and invited a number of persons v^ho were in- 
 terested to serve on the Armstrong Memorial Committee. 
 
 The Committee consisted of Judge S. B. Dole, Chairman, A. 
 F. Griffiths, Secretary, Mrs Ellen A. Weaver, Ed Towse, Executive 
 Committee; and George R. Carter, Charles M. Cooike, Walter F. 
 Frear, P. C. Jones, Rt. Rev. H. B. Restarick, W. 0. Smith, Dr. W. 
 D. Alexander, James B. Castle, Mrs. B. F. Dillingham, Theodore 
 Richard®, Dr. Doremus Scudder, L. A. Thurston, Perley L. Home, 
 W. W. Hall, F. A. Schaefer, H. P. Baldwin, G. N. Wilcox, P. S. 
 Lymam. 
 
 This Committee selected as the Memorial this portrait bas-re- 
 lief in bronze, the work of an English artist, A. Bertram Pegram, 
 which is a replica of one in marble at Hampton Institute. 
 
 The funds were generously contributed by those who were in- 
 terested in honoring him who has done so much to honor Hawaii, 
 and for the most part the contributions were from schoolmates of 
 General Armstrong at PunahoTi or their descendants. 
 
 The Committee i« greatly indebted to Mr. E. H. Van Ingen of 
 New York for advice and assistance in the selection and the se- 
 curing of the Memorial. 
 
 The Memorial will be placed permanently in the corridor of 
 Pauahi Hall. ; 
 
 The Memorial was appropriately dedicated on January 30, 1913 
 at 3:30 o'clock. The exercises which were held out of doors in 
 front of Pauahi Hall on the Oahu College campus brought to- 
 gether a large audience of students, not only from Punahou but 
 also from Kawaiahao and Kamehameha,, and of former school- 
 mates and friends who were aidmirers of General Armstrong for 
 his Siervices as a soldier, educator and patriotic citizen. 
 
 XlJg- 
 
 
THE EXERCISES 
 
 Judge Sanford B. Dole presided and felieitouisly introduced 
 the sp6a,kers of the day. 
 
 HYMN — "Eong" of the Armstrong League" Ludlow 
 
 OAHU COLLEGE GLEE CLUBS 
 
 PRAYER- 
 REV. ORRAMEL H. GULICK 
 
 ADDRESS— "At Punahou: With Schoolmates and Classmates" 
 REV. WILLIAM H. GULICK 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — The little address that 
 I have tried to prepare finds itself under the limitations of time 
 that are set, even in worse plight than the fox in the fable, that 
 was "cut off as to its tail," for, besides that, I have had to de- 
 capitate it with the inexorable pencil, and to run the blue line 
 across many a paragraph. 
 
 To thoise of us who were boys and girls together with Sam 
 Armstrong the campus on which we are gathered, and the rooms 
 of old College Hall, the only remaining building I believe of the 
 olden time, are full of memories and of voices. 
 
 Out-of-door life had a large place in the development of 
 the bodies and minds of the young people in this school. In all 
 of the games and frolics Sam Armstrong took the natural part of 
 the healthy and active boy that he was. There was the tug of 
 war, an exciting sport- — pulling on the two ends of a lonig rope — 
 the Turks against the Allies it would have been if that contest 
 had then been on — to the shrieking delight of the onlooking boys 
 and girls. 
 
6 
 
 Baseball, played under the good old rules that allowed of the 
 participation in every game of all the older boys, was a favorite 
 game. I cannot ^ee but that it produced as much good sport as 
 the great national game played last summer in Boston before 
 thirty thousand "fans" crowditng the ''bleachers." The scholarly 
 Pa.ther Dole, early principal of the school, in his day was a great 
 batter. He would throw a ball into the air, and as it fell, with a 
 swing of the whole body, would hit it with the report of a pistol, 
 sending it straight up into the air almost out of sight. 
 
 Foot racing was much in vogue. Though Sam Armstrong, 
 Frank Judd, Sam Alexander, Thomas Gulick, Nat Emersion, my- 
 self and others, were in those days in the younger set, we emu- 
 lated the fast running of some of the older boys. Perhaps he will 
 have forgotten it by this time, but "William De Witt Alexander, 
 later distinguished senior and high honor man of Yale, and presi- 
 dent of Oahu College, was the fleet runner of his set. Perhaps 
 he will remember that once when sprinting on the road, that I 
 think would now reach from old College Hall to the gate at Pau- 
 ahi Hall, he threw his right hip out of joint. Father Rice had to 
 carry him into the house, and Doctor Judd was called to set the 
 joint. This made him our hero and Sam Armstrong and the other 
 small boys often discussed how we could dislocate our hips while 
 racing before the admiring school. 
 
 Horseback riding! The custom was to sally out — ten, fifteen, 
 twenty of us, almost every Friday evening, and on occasional Sat- 
 urdays, on longer rides. Boys and girls in about equal num- 
 bers; all good riders, not to say hard riders. Here was sport 
 worthy of the name. But I must not "mount the horse" now, as 
 I love him so much and love the theme so much, I fear that with 
 the bit in his teeth in headlong speed he would carry me far be- 
 yond the time limits set for us this afternoon. Only I must say 
 that in all the story of man I do not believe there was ever 
 another such a community; the boys and girls playing and riding 
 
and studying together in sneh unrestricted freedoln and in such 
 perfect companionship, and — with such good results. The words 
 chaperon and duenna, were unknown to us. 
 
 "Who of that time can ever forget our Friday aftemooms? The 
 gala day of the school. It was the time -set apart for declama- 
 tions and dialogues and the reading of compositions. The boys 
 and girls dressed in their Sunday's best, and the older people who 
 came out from town to witness the performances, equally recogniz- 
 ing the solemnity of the day. 
 
 It was on these occasions that Mr. Beckwith first en- 
 couraged the young orators to avoid pieces from Cicero and De- 
 mosthenes and the like, and to try our own wings on original 
 speeches — ^not committed to memory. Eight here and then, on the 
 platform of Old College Hall, Samuel Armstrong commenced his 
 definite training for the great enterprise in which his life culmi- 
 nated and which involved so much public speiaking. 
 
 In this connection mention should be made of the Debating 
 Society. Once a month a public debate was held — on what might 
 be called "ladies' evening." We boldly discussed such subjects as 
 "Church and State," " Taxation : Direct or Indirect," "Slavery," 
 and the like. 
 
 I weU remember that when the latter subject was to be de- 
 bated Samuel Armstrong was the presiding officer. Somehow it 
 happened that I was placed among the pro-slavery champions; 
 probably because it was well known that my youthful principles 
 were on the other side. My eloquent o^Donents read up on Henry 
 Ward Beecher, Dr. George Cheever, William Lloyd Garrison, Wen- 
 dell PhiUips and Theodore Parker. My resources were reduced to 
 the Bible and the New York Observer, 
 
 After the debate Sam Armstrong remarked that when I was 
 orating one white handkerchief dangled in length from my coat- 
 tail pocket while with another I wiped my fevered brow — suggest- 
 ing unlimited reserves, and that nobody could resist such a bat- 
 tery of handkerchiefs. 
 
My father, a convinced abolitionist, deeply pained, said that 
 my speech reminded him of Belial, who in one of the councils in 
 hell, presided over by Satan, as described by Milton in Paradise 
 Lost, made "the worse appear the better reason." 
 
 Incredible as it may now seem there were some in the audience 
 from whom I received sincere praise. Sam Armstrong's ironic re- 
 marks presaged the active public part that some day he would taike 
 on this burning question. 
 
 In long vacations, excursions to the neighboring islands help- 
 ed in our education, and in cementing the bonds of youthful 
 friendship. Once Armistrong and myself found ourselves the 
 guests of Father Green, at Makawao, whose isolated home under 
 the mountain mists was enlivened by the ch&ery greeting of the 
 ever youthful, coy and sprightly Mary Green. 
 
 One day, with an Hawaiian guide, we started up the side of Ha- 
 leaikala. "We went down into the crater and walked toward the 
 cleft in the rim from which could be seen the island of Hawaii. 
 Night came while still we were in the depths of the crater. The 
 guide led us to a place where we could make a bed of grass un- 
 der the shelter of some shrubs. "Within a few feet, a little to the 
 side of the trail, he pointed out a stone somewhat smaller than a 
 maai's hat. He lifted up the stone diselosiag a hole in the ground. 
 In a niche of the rooks near by he found hidden away from sight 
 a broken cocoanut shell. With this in hand, lying flat upon the 
 ground and reaching down into the hole at arm's length, we 
 brought up the rustic cup dripping full with the coolest, sweetest 
 water that we ever drank. This with sweet potato and balked taro 
 gave us an evening meal that neither of us ever forgot. 
 
 The next night we spent at Kaupo at the foot of the gap on 
 the shore, and the following day we reached Hana. The Rev. 
 Wm. 0. Baldwin, and Mrs. Baldwin, missionaries somewhat re- 
 cently arrived, were showing the strain of that lonely life in that 
 remote station. Mr. Baldwin, naturally perhaps, requisitioned our 
 
presence and help at the meeting the next morning in the Ha- 
 waiian church. Irresponsible youngsters that we were we tried 
 to squirm out of the compromise, but we had to yield. I do not 
 remember what Sam Armstrong said, but I have no doubt that it 
 was vigorous and to the point. Good fortune brought to my 
 memory snatches of a sermon that I had once heard Sam's father 
 preach to a congregation of entranced Hawaiians: "Didst thou 
 eveir see a cat walking on the ridgepole of a house? how steadily, 
 cautiously, surely, it treads the narrow path? Neither hastened 
 by noises, nor enticed by calls to turn to one side or the other, it 
 keeps straight on to the &Dd. So a Christian should walk 
 through this life." 
 
 This was, perhaps, one of the first series of steps that event- 
 ually brought our friend into cIosq contact with Hawaiians, and 
 into a position of large public influence among them. It can 
 hardly be doubted that this experience) of the mind and soul of a 
 different race from his own, materially helped him to understand 
 and efficiently aid in the uplift of the other race with which 
 later he became so deeply identified. He quickly "learned the 
 language of the country" — to understand the inarticulated wants 
 of their hearts, the longing of their souls. And to this, undoubt- 
 edly, was largely due the secret of his power over them. 
 
 Do' you remember how Barbara Worth, in that powerful story 
 of Harold Bell Wright, put it to Willard Holmes, as this daughter 
 of the desert, in the valley of the river Colorado, guided, the 
 young and self-suffici<3nt New York engineer to the hills that 
 looked out upon the burning, glimmering, shimmering sands of 
 the vast sunken plain called "The Hollow of God's Hand," 
 peopled only by the native Mexicans and the Indians, who called 
 it "La Palma de la Mano de Dios."? 
 
 Evening after evening Barbara Worth had bidden goodnight 
 to Abe Lee, her childhood's companion, the unsophisticated but 
 talented engineer of the plainsi, with the sweet Spanish "Buenas 
 noches, hermano" — " Goodnight, brother. " 
 
10 
 
 Increasingly jealous of the perfect understanding between 
 these two children of nature, ait home in their own strange and 
 arid land, Willard Holmes says petulantly to Barbara Worth: 
 "Will you ever bid me goodnight in your language of the desert?" 
 
 "Perhaps," she replies, "when you have learned that lan- 
 guage. ' ' 
 
 "And as he went down the street he knew that she did not 
 refer to the Spanish tongue, when she wished him to learn the 
 language of her desert. He knew that she referred to the voice- 
 less spirit of the hot amd glowing land that called for some strong 
 and intelligent and sympathetic hand to turn in upon it the waters 
 of the Colorado, to make it blossom as the rose, and to become 
 the happy home of a numerous and prosperous people." 
 
 The language of the country, the soul of the race! Oam it be 
 denied that General Armstrong, as but few others of his time, 
 came into this singular and potent relationship with the recently 
 emancipated people of our land? That he was accepted by them 
 as a brother and leader, not only as the captain of their armed 
 hosts in battle array but as thedr teacher and master in the gen- 
 tle arts of peace? 
 
 Armstrong had caught the spirit of the brave Hawaiian war- 
 rior, Kalaimoku, who,' as recorded by Miss Mary Charlotte Alex- 
 ander, on the eve of joining battle with the forces risen in rebel- 
 lion against Kamehameha II, addressed his soldietrs: 
 
 "Be calm, be voiceless, be valiant! Drink of the bitter waters, 
 my sons. Turn not back! Onward!" 
 
 Or of Hoapili, who at Hanapepe charged his men: 
 
 ' ' If captives are taken, deal mercifully with them If 
 
 balls whiz by you, they are not a cause for fear; but if bayonets 
 are thrust at your breasts, then there may be some cause for 
 firmness and courage. Forward ! forward, even unto death ! ' ' 
 
11 
 
 How can it for a moment be doubted that the sympathetic 
 contact of General Armstrong, in his youth and young manhood, 
 with the one race gave him natural insight and sure understanding 
 of the other? 
 
 When he last sailed from Honolulu on his return tO' the coast, 
 with many others I was on the dock to bid him goodbye. It 
 probably was not then generally known, though I was aware of 
 the fact, that he had had physical warnings that this might be 
 the last visit to his beloved Hawaii. We may therefore well 
 imagine that as he sailed past Diamond Head and the outlines of 
 the mountains faded away on the horizon, he might have made his 
 own the fareweU lof Queen Kamamalu, as with the King Liholiho, 
 anjd the Prince Boki and his wife Liliha, she sailed away on the 
 ill-fated journey to England: 
 
 "0 heavens, plains, O mountains and ocean — guardian and 
 people — Love to you all ! Farewell to thee, country — O country 
 for which my father toiled — Farewell to thee!" 
 
 In closing this brief sketch I would be disloyal to our friend 
 and comrade — to his birth, his boyhood, his young manhood and 
 his manly life if I did not call attention to the confessed source 
 of his strength. Was it talents or accident, or social connec- 
 tions, or governmental protection? General Armstrong may have 
 had all of these, but he would have been the first to say that the 
 secret was not in them. Those who have read the "Memoranda" 
 found when his will was opened, and which were published at the 
 head of the editorial columns of The Advertiser the 26th of this 
 month, will have noticed the frank admission that he had seized 
 upon and used in his own behalf, "the greatest thing in the world, 
 prayer." Prayer that means belief in God, belief in a Divine and 
 dominating power that controls our destinies and shapes our way; 
 prayer that moves the arm, that moves the universe. 
 
12 
 
 In the House of the Sun, in the crater of Haleakala, the 
 youth, Samuel Armstrong, stretched upon the ground, reach'^d 
 down into the cleft of the rock from which he drew a draught 
 of the sweetest, coolest water that had ever gathered in the seams 
 of the eternal mountain. But, later. General Armstrong drew 
 strength for his mighty task from the ' ' pure river of water of life, 
 clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the 
 Lamb. ' ' 
 
 ADDRESS— "Armstrong and Hawaii" 
 
 ME. W. R. CASTLE 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Fellow Schoolmates, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 Seventy-four years ago today Samuel Chapman Armstrong 
 was born at Wailuku, on the Island of Maui, in the house after- 
 wards (known as the Alexander place. The following year 
 the family removed to Honolulu, and the home was soiOn 
 established in the old stone house at the head of Richards street, 
 which still stands and is known as the Armstrong house. This 
 remained the family home until it was finally broken up by death 
 and removal. 
 
 Young Armstrong was brought up in Honolulu, although he 
 made frequent visits to the island of his birth and spent many 
 happy hours on the slopes of Haleakala. Whether he was ever 
 a pupil at the Royal School is somewhat doubtful. The exper- 
 ience he had with ^dward and George Beckwith as teachers must 
 have been at Punahou, although they were at the Royal School 
 for some time. Armstrong's name is associated with Punahou 
 from 1844 to 1849, then from 1850 to 1852, inclusive, and 
 finally from 1854 to 1859, during the last two years of which he 
 was a college student, preparing to enter Williams as a junior. 
 
13 
 
 During this time he traveled with his father, who was Superinten- 
 dent of Education for the Hawaiian Kingdom, and received many 
 impressions during these tours of inspection. 
 
 He was president of the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society 
 in the year 1857. After this he was a clerk in the Department 
 of Education from time to time, and during his father's absence 
 in the United States prior to .1860 he was chief clerk, virtually in 
 charge of the educational affairs of the Kingdom. During this 
 time, also, he became the editor of the ''Hae Hawaii," and his 
 energy and ability in this cause is evidenced by the fact that the 
 subscription list more than doubled during his incumbency. 
 
 In September, 1860, Eichard Armstrong, his father, died, and, 
 feeling that he could not help the family by remaining, and earn- 
 estly desiring to fulfill his father's lifelong wish that he should 
 become a pupil of Mark Hopkins, he left in the latter part of Sep- 
 tember of that year and entered the junior class at "Williams Col- 
 lege. His career as a college student, in the army and otherwise, 
 will be recited to you by abler tongues than mine. 
 
 In 1880, General Armstrong returned to the islands for a visit, 
 to renew former acquaintance, and for his health. In 1891, having 
 accepted the appointment to deliver the leading address at the 
 jubilee of Oahu College, he again returned to the islands and 
 spent a few months among us. His death occurred in the fall of 
 1893 in the United States. 
 
 "With this brief statement of the events, with the periods of 
 their occurrence, in Hawaii in his life here, let us glance for a 
 moment at the man himself. From such a parentage he must 
 have inherited great and noble qualities. But his environment 
 also exercised an abiding influence upon his life. It was impossi- 
 ble that it should be otherwise. Possessed of not only a strong, 
 but a very impressionable nature, what he saw and heard and did 
 must have marked itself in very strong lines upon his character. 
 Thrown in constant touch with a people who were simple and ig- 
 
14 
 
 norant, the relationship between them developed strong paternal 
 instincts, and his attitude toward the Hawaiians was always that 
 of a protecting and guiding influence. Impressions that might 
 with others have resulted in a lowering of character, in him pro- 
 duced a strong, compassionate desire to elevate and help the Ha- 
 waiian people. He saw and felt very keenly those things which 
 were important in the life around him. He was not only of a 
 deeply religious nature, but was philosophical, a deep thinker. 
 This is illustrated by a few of -his thoughts expressed in his 
 closing address to the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society in 
 May, 1858. Among other things, he »a,id : 
 
 "The most interesting feature of the times is, perhaps, the 
 wonderful spread of truth. Around us we have witnessed its sig- 
 nal triumphs This progress is principally influenced by two 
 
 agencies; these are commercial intieroourse and the missionary 
 cause. The spirit of enterprise and the spirit of philanthropy 
 seem to be means peculiairly adapted to spread the blessings of 
 Christianity and civilization, and if they were united in this 
 cause, the remotest abodes of ignorance and deepest human na- 
 ture would soon be cheered by the dawn of better days. It would 
 not then be long before supersitition, the arch despot of heathen 
 countries, would be driven from its last hiding-place. As things 
 are, however, the agency of commerc'e and the efforts of missions 
 in behalf of the ignorant and degraded are widely different in 
 value, and even the good results which they accomplish should 
 not be esteemed alike The restraints of religion and its mo- 
 tives for leading a life of self-control and reform can alone pre- 
 vent the extinction of those abject and sensual races which are 
 scattered along the highways of trade. The unfortunate results 
 which attend the extension of secular enterprises spring, withal, 
 from legitimate causes. A system whose object is gain and whose 
 success is equally promoted, whether served by conscientious and 
 moral men, or by the moist worthless of characters, can neither be 
 
15 
 
 interested in the godliness of those with whom it comes in con- 
 tact noir possess of necessity elevating tendencies. If commerce 
 is incited entirely by self-interest, the influence which it must ex- 
 tend tO' the unsophisticated and ductile heathen can neither be 
 
 select nor very desirable Considetr what trade 
 
 and civilization have done for British India; they have trans- 
 planted there the comforts and luxuries of English homes; taste 
 and beauty are their monuments to human skill. Lucrative traf- 
 fic with enlightened lands has done there all that can be effect- 
 ed by the stimulus of commerce and the wisest legislation has 
 directed an unlimited power. But in vain do we looik for even 
 the partial success of these mighty agencies. The East Indian is 
 now the same miserable object that he was centuries ago. He is 
 a slave to vice and passion, biecause they are not only his nature, 
 but his religion. To reclaim him, light must first be poured into 
 his dark soul. Had missionary influence, instead of British armies, 
 prevailed in India since the days of Queen Elizabeth, millions of 
 souls might have been saved from eternal misery, and untold 
 happinesis would have broken in upon, those wretched minds." 
 
 His mind was always, active; his aspirations and desires ever 
 upward. He was an extremely unselfish man, and as he oon- 
 tinually developed, particularly after the establishment of the 
 Hampton School, he was filled with questionings as to the effect 
 upon simple rao&s — those who need protection and good influ- 
 ences — 'Of the life which today dominates the United States. 
 
 A few quotations from his great address at Oahu College in 
 1891 wiU be of interest. Referring to the past, he said : 
 
 ''It is high time that the recollections of that period were 
 written by one of the then big boys; there is infinite humor and 
 interest in it all; a full value for us and our children. Those 
 were days of simple things, of severe discipline, of peculiar ex- 
 perience too rich and rare to lose. We studied hard, we played 
 hard, and we thought earnestly The battle of life is often 
 
16 
 
 won at school. The Duke of Wellington said that he won Water- 
 loo' at Eaton. A disastrous life is often foreshadowed at sichool, 
 as we have seen. President Beckwith gave us the best elements 
 of success. The same work can still be done. It is for yon, 
 President Hosmer, and your associates to train the thinkers and 
 workers who shall help to save Hawaii. Let here be springs of 
 power and influence that shall flow out over the land for its re- 
 demption. I speak as if there were danger. Is there not? Where- 
 ever there is human nature, there is danger; and there is much 
 
 and peculiar human nature in Hawaii What of the voter, 
 
 who rules? On the answer turns the fate of Hawaii, How they 
 live is as important as what they know or do. In 1850, when they 
 had been pronounced Christianized by the American Board, some 
 16,000 having been gathered into the churches, I accompanied my 
 father, then Minister of Public Instruction, on one of his inspect- 
 ing tours around the islands, and found them living in pretty 
 much the old way — in grass houses without partitions, quite well 
 clothed, with minimum of household furniture and of home regu- 
 larity, always charmingly hospitable. There was no struggle for 
 life. Slight daily effort sufficed for existence. All were happy 
 and careless of the future. When I again made the tour of the 
 islands, in 1880, the grass cabin was the exception; the partition 
 frame house was the rule; but there was not a corresponding 
 change in personal habits. There had been an advance, however, 
 and the comparatively refined class, of gentle manners and de- 
 cent ways of living, had appeared. There was a marked growth 
 of industrial life. From the needs of and the good wages offer- 
 ed by the sugar plantations this increased activity was most 
 wholesome and helpful, but it has beicn at the expense of home- 
 life. The comfortable cabins provided are not their own, and 
 the man is part of a great machine. In this, as in every country, 
 the future is safe and sure only as the educated and rich shall 
 act out the principle expressed in ' ' noblesse oblige. ' ' There is no 
 
17 
 
 place in modern civilization for an idle class. It is as dangerous 
 as the lowest class. There is no salvation for those who do not 
 work. You will get what you work for. But do not complain if 
 you do not get other things that make home and country safer 
 and bettsr, unless you work for them. However disastrous the 
 immediate result of free suffrage, the reaction of it on the voter 
 has a vital value. Men usually accept the estimate we put upon 
 them and act accordingly. In dealing with them we gather 
 where we sow. Never forget, the man who does not vote is even 
 more dangerous than the man who does, for little or nothing wiU 
 be done for him. He can wait. But the voter must be looked out 
 for, lest he do harm. The social or political outcast is most to be 
 feared in an uprising or revolution. Sanctified common sense is 
 the force that wins. Work for God and man is full of detail. It 
 needs oirganization, and that requires subordination. God helps 
 those who help themselves. Your Hawaiian problem is a hard one, 
 but it is good for you. Would you have here a paradise, with- 
 out your own effort, if you could? I sometimes think that Adam 
 and Eve did not have half a chance in the garden of Eden, be- 
 cause too much was done for them. For our human nature the 
 conditions of Plymouth Kook were better. Has the moral progress 
 of Hawaii kept up with the great material progress in recent 
 years? Generally men give more money to good work when 
 they make the most, or when they think the most. For 23 years 
 I have worked for a charity, through two national panics, through 
 prosperous seasons; but the times have made very little difference. 
 Nothing extra is to be expected for the Lord's work in flush 
 times, and a certain fine spirit caries it through the darkest 
 days. The power to think clear and straight comes from proper 
 training, but is most successful when that training is obtained 
 -from, self-help, which underlies the best work of a,ll men. Our 
 fathers' homes were plain and we were brought up on small 
 allowances. Thank heaven for that simple life! It is not for us 
 
18 
 
 all to live so plainly now. The comparative luxury today is legi- 
 timate; for it is honest, at no necessary sacrifice of any obliga- 
 tion. But we must think and work for Hawaii, for God and 
 country, wherever we are. Of our fathers, we may say it is for 
 us to finish the work which they so nobly began, as Limcoln said 
 in the presence of the dead at Gettysburg." 
 
 The whole of that noble address is well worth listening to, 
 but time will not suffice for reading \t today. 
 
 As I was coming out this afternoon, the question was asked: 
 Why do we honor General Armstrong? Is it because he was a 
 Hawaiian amid made a great name, and because his glories reflect 
 upon Hawaii? No; it is not only because he was a great man 
 and a Hawaiian, but because what he did and what his life means 
 is well worthy of our emulation, and whenever we look at this 
 beautiful memorial we should be filled with the spirit that ani- 
 mated General Armstrong in his great life. 
 
19 
 
 POEM— "A Tribute" 
 
 MRS. EMMA L. DILLINGHAM 
 
 A royal heritage was thine, 
 
 A soul imbued with love divine, 
 
 A heart that throbbed with sympathy, 
 
 A life for service through eteimity. 
 
 A royal thought forever crowned 
 
 With words and deeds that knew no bound 
 
 Of pity, patience, tenderness, 
 
 And grace to uplift and to bless. 
 
 A royal courage, thine, to face 
 Dark problems, untried ways to trace 
 Through many a maze of prejudice. 
 That men their manhood should not miss. 
 
 A royal battle decades long 
 With poverty, mistrust and wrong. 
 Till right and light dispelled the gloom 
 And for a ransomed race made room. 
 
 A royal rest for thee remains, 
 Where faithful service honor gains. 
 Where heart of man unfolds anew 
 In heart of God forever true. 
 
20 
 
 ADDRESS— "Armstrong in College and in the Civil War" 
 
 DR. N. B. EMERSON 
 
 The task that falls to my lot on this occasion makes a two- 
 fold appeal to my heart: not only am I moved by my own senti- 
 mentsi, but I am also delegated by President Garfield to convey 
 to Oahu College the greetings of Williams College and to express 
 its great interest in an occasion commemorative of the services of 
 one of its most distinguished graduates. 
 
 In a letter from Doctor Franklin Carter, a former president of 
 Williams College and a classmate of General Armstrong, he 
 writes : 
 
 "At the request of Mr. Garfield, as a classmate of General 
 Samuel C. Armstrong, I am sending a word of greeting from Will- 
 iams College, where Armstrong took his Bachelor's degree, to 
 Oahu College, where he began his academical career, for the occa- 
 sion of the unveiling of a tablet to his honor. 
 
 "Born of missionary parents among the people to whose eleva- 
 tion these parents had devoted their lives, the great qualities 
 which were made manifest in his career in the service of his coun- 
 try had their germs in the Sandwich Islands. Oahu College help- 
 ed to quicken and develop those germs. Williams College, count- 
 ing no other name on the roll of her graduates as more illustrious 
 than his; none as surpassing his in heroic valor on the martial 
 field; none more luminous of spotless honor; none as signifying 
 more heroic and lovimg devotioai to the neglected and down-trod- 
 den; none as studying with more statesmanlike sagacity the prob- 
 lems which the emancipation of the slaves made urgent; none as 
 pointing with anything like his keenness of perception and energy 
 of action the only way to the transformation of the feeble in- 
 stincts of the freed men into the: organic powers of citizens^ — Will- 
 iams College, supremely honoring him, sends across the continent 
 and the Pacific waves to Oahu College, on this glad day, the 
 
21 
 
 loving greetings and hearty congratulations that Oalm College 
 had her share in the training of this great soldier, missionary, 
 statesman, teacher, smd now sets his name in enduring bronze up- 
 on her walls. 
 
 FRANKLIN CAETBR, , 
 
 Ex-President of Williams College," 
 
 In presenting the greetings of Williams College to Oahu Col- 
 lege, I cannot forget that the bonds which laiit together thes.e 
 two colleges are very strong. The first president of Oahu College, 
 Edward Griffin Beckwith — ^a name ever to be spoken with rever- 
 ence — was a distinguished graduate of Williams College; while 
 the name we meet to honor today is one of the four that adorn 
 the slender roll of the first freshman class to enter Oahu College. 
 
 For my part, though I knew Armstrong well — or thought I did— 
 as a fellow studemt at Punahou, at Williams College, and during his 
 presidency of the Hampton Institute, I find it very difficult to ex- 
 press in words the many versatile phases and tumultuous surprises of 
 his character and actions. The effort to do this reminds m^e of the 
 poet's attempt to answer the question : 'Hov/ does the water come 
 down at Lodore?' I have the satisfaction that has grown with the 
 study of Armstrong's character and career that, whether in the 
 tossing spray and bubbling eff :.rvescence of the youthful rivulet, 
 or in young manhood's rushing torrent, or in the strong river 
 current of full maturity, the element that made up his life cur- 
 rent was at all times pure and wholesome. 
 
 For such a man as Armstrong, after Punahou School, the 
 Royal School and Oahu College under the inspiring teaching of 
 Edward Beckwith, Williams College, presided over by Doctor Hop- 
 kins, afforded, as it now seems to me, conditions almost ideal for 
 the building up of his character, the furnishing of his mind and 
 the ripening of all his faculties for the great work that Provi- 
 dence had in store for him. 
 
22 
 
 Armstroi],g 's coming to Williams had the nature of an inva- 
 sion. One of his classmates wrote of it in these words: 'It was, 
 I think, in the winter of 1860, when I was rooming in East Col- 
 lege, at .Williams, that into my introspective life Nature flung a 
 sort of cataclysm named Sam Armstrong, like other cyclones from 
 
 the South Seas ; a Sandwich Islander, son of a missionary 
 
 There was a quality in (him) that defied the ordinary English 
 vocabulary. To use the ea,stern Tennessee dialect, which alone 
 could do him justice, he was "plumb survigorous. " To begin 
 with, as Mark Twain might express it, he had been fortunate in 
 the selection of his parents. The roots of his nature struck deep 
 
 into the soil of two races Then, too, he was an islander ; 
 
 his constitution smacked of the seas. There was about him some- 
 thing of the high courage and jollity of the tar ; he carried with 
 him the vitalities of the ocean. Like all those South Sea Island- 
 ers, he had been brought up to the water; it had imparted to 
 him a sort of mental as well as physical amphibioustness. It seem- 
 ed natural for him to strike out in any element He could 
 
 manage a boat in a storm, teach school, edit a newspaper, assist 
 in carrying on a government, ta'ke up a mechanical industry at 
 will, understand the nativeis, sympathize with missionaries, talk 
 with profound theorists, recite well in Greek and mathematics, 
 conduct an advanced class in geometry, and make no end of fun 
 for little children 
 
 Somictimes he seemed to have little respect for the spiritual; 
 he shocked people by his levity and irreverence. Yet there was 
 about him at all times a profound reverence of spirit for God, man- 
 hood, womanhood, and all sacred realities He was the most 
 
 strenuous man I ever saw. Naturally he was a problem tc us^ — 
 what would he come to? Doctor Arnold said of himself: 'Aut 
 Caesar, aut nuUus.' Armstrong said of himself; 'missionary or 
 pirate. ' 
 
23 
 
 On graduation, to Armstrong was assigned the honor of the 
 ethical oration. As he neared the end of college life he felt that 
 he must answer the question 'pirate or missionary.' The air was 
 alive with voices, calling here and there. The country was; in the 
 throes of a Hfe-and-death struggle; there was war in the land. 
 Armstrong felt like the captain of a ship leaving port under 
 sealed orders. 
 
 The life of a soldier seemed as far removed from the ideals 
 that had thus far guided Armstrong as one can well imagine. The 
 call to arms was, however, the one that sounded loudest in his 
 ears. Armstrong became a soldier because he was of the stuff 
 that makas a patriot. He had not been accustomed to think of 
 himself as an American citizen, but as a Hawaiian. When stirred 
 by the burning words of Major Anderson at a great patriotic 
 meeting in New York, he wrote home: 'I shall go to the war if 
 I am needed, but not till then; were I an American as I am a 
 Hawaiian, I should be off in a hurry.' 
 
 Armstrong was quite willing to take a place in the ranks, but 
 a suggestion from a classmate opened up a better way. He went 
 to Troy, New York, and, though a stranger, stao'ted to enlist a 
 company for the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New York Regi- 
 ment of V'olunteers, and he made a success of it. The character 
 that shone in his face and manner attracted the better class of 
 men so that his coanpany came to be called the ' Sunday School 
 Company.' 
 
 Fitness for the command of soldiers demands something more 
 than the ability to please and attract men, and no one appreciated 
 this more than Arm.s.trong. 
 
 "With the assistance of his Colonel, he girded himself to the 
 task of acquiring the essential knowledge of soldiering and tac- 
 tics. During his entire military career Armstrong continued to be 
 a diligent student of military art and science. 
 
24 
 
 While drilling and organizing his company, from the first — 
 and this was a principle that he adhered to at all times — he made 
 it a point to gain and keep friendly relations with the men of his 
 command, in. a word, to be a sort of father to them. In passing 
 tlirough New York City on their way to the front, the regiment 
 had camped for a rest in City Hall. 'While I sat conversing with 
 him,' says his brother, 'one of his men came up and said, "I say, 
 Captain, where can I get a drink of water?" He at once started 
 off to get water for him. I said: 'It seems to me that it is not 
 very good military discipline for the captain to be rnnaing around 
 for water for his men.' He replied, 'The men must have water, 
 I'm. bound to see that they get it.' 
 
 September 2, 1862, found Captain Armstrong with his regi- 
 ment at Martinisburg, Virginia, one of the most exposed points of 
 the Federal lines. The situation may be summed up in one 
 word: it was the time of Lee's daring invasion of Maryland; 
 Stonewall Jackson was at the front; the air was full' of discom- 
 forting alarms. Armstrong soon found himself and his command 
 bottled up at Harper's Ferry, and thus it came about that his first 
 experience of war was that of being taken prisoner with his 
 whole command. The fact that twelve thousand men of war be- 
 sides himself shared his fate did not alleviate the unpleasant- 
 ness. 
 
 With the opening of the Gettysburg campaign fortune came 
 to Armstrong's relief, and with it his first opportunity for mili- 
 tary distinction. On the third day of that great battle, Arm- 
 strong found himself, at a supreme moment, on the left flank of 
 the force that made up Pickett's memorable charge. His quick 
 mind took in the situation at a glance. Collecting all the men he 
 could muster, he led them on the double quick and posted them 
 behind a rail-fence. The deadly volleys he could thus pour into 
 the enemy's flank were a service that contributed in no small de- 
 gree to the success of the Union arms on that day. Of the five 
 officers with him he was the only survivor. 
 
25 
 
 As a natural consequence of this brilliant action, Armstrong 
 was promoted to the rank of major and thereupon was detailed 
 to engage in the work of recruiting, tjhe center of his operations 
 being New York. But his ambition looked higher. There had 
 been talk of raising a negro regiment to be put under his com- 
 mand; but the State authoritiies were opposed to it and nothing 
 came of it. The idea of giving the colored man a chance to work 
 out his own salvation and prove his manhood, took deep root in 
 Armstrong's mind. "With that purpose he passed examinatio'us 
 which entitled him to a colonelcy of colored troops. It had been 
 determined — ^wisely — that only men of character, education and de- 
 termination should be chosen for the command of negro troops. It 
 was not a fashionable service, and the Confederate Congress had 
 virtually declared that 'no quarter was to be given to nigger offi- 
 cers.' Such a threat did not phase Armstrong. 
 
 December, 1863, found Armstrong at Benedict, a little town in 
 southern Maryland, in command of nine companies of the Ninth 
 Regiment U. S. colored troops j "A horrid hole," he writes, "a 
 rendezvous for blockade runners, deserters and such trash ; good 
 for nothing but oysters." There was good, however, to come out 
 of Benedict; one good thing was a night-school and an extempora- 
 neous coUege, with Armstrong as its president. 
 
 The next move was to Hilton Head, an out-of-the-way place in 
 South Carolina. A sore trial this to Armstrong, whose ambition 
 was to be where there was something a-doing. Relief from this 
 stagnation came in August. At Petersburg, with Grant in com- 
 mand, there could be no cause for complaint on the score of 
 nothing doing. The question was: would the colored man "maike 
 good?" He made good — ^under Armstrong's leading. Listen: 
 There is a ''bloody assault on the enemy's works — we took the 
 rifle-pits; for fifteen minutes or more we had it hot and heavy. 
 My men fell fast, but never flinched. They fired coolly and won 
 great praise Finally, however the rebs flanked us on the 
 
26 
 
 left and forced us out It was impossible to hold the posi- 
 tion, and I ordered them to walk, and they did so the whole dis- 
 tance, shot at by the unseen enemy as they went, and having to 
 climb over fallen trees and go through rough ground." 
 
 During his enforced absence in the hospital at Fort Monroe, 
 his regiment was sent in to do an impossible piece of work, out 
 of which they came with sadly thinned ranks. "Thank God," the 
 men said, ' ' that Colonel Armstrong was not with us, for if he had 
 been we would all have been in hell orKichmond," 
 
 After Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Armstrong who was 
 present and active to the last, was brevetted brigadier general of 
 volunteers; but he continued to wear the eagles of a colonel, say- 
 ing, "I guess I'll stick to the old birds." 
 
 His brigade was ordered to Texas, May 30th, to give aid and 
 countenance to the republicans of Mexico, in view of the French 
 invasion of that country; and in Texas he remained until his dis- 
 charge from the army came in October, 1865, and set him foot- 
 free and heart-free ready for any call of duty. And thus ended 
 his experience as a soldier. 
 
 Let my last word be an attempt to analyze briefly the quali- 
 ties that lifted Armstrong out of the ordinary rut of military per- 
 formance and made of him a splendid — I would almost say a 
 great — soldier. In the first place, Armstrong had rare personal 
 courage, of the kind that disregards personal safety, yet does not 
 lose consciousness of danger. The question might well be raised : 
 did he not carry this display of courage a little too far? It must 
 be kept in mind that the colored troops under Armstrong's com- 
 mand were handicapped by a prejudice; they were on trial before 
 the whole world, and Armstrong was determined to do everything 
 he could to lift this prejudice and to give them a soldier's chance 
 to prove their manhood. 
 
27 
 
 Atin to this gift of courage, he had that fine quality that 
 makes democratic appeal to every heart and which we call mag- 
 netism. It was the combination of these two qualities that made 
 Armstrong a superb leader, the leader of his men; and he never 
 called on them to face any danger to which he himself was not 
 equally exposed. At the siege of Petersburg, Armstrong's tent 
 was in open view -of the enemy's batteries; his men were sheltered 
 in bomb-proofs. 
 
 As a soldier, Armstrong owed not a little to his possession of 
 a keen, well-trained, mathematical mind. Though not accounted 
 a logician, he was a good reason er and could hold his own in de- 
 bate. 
 
 In Armstrong the mental connection between perception and 
 action was short and the response so prompt and transmitted 
 with such speed as almost to vie with electricity. 
 
 It is not for me to apportion the meed of praise due General 
 Armstrong on the score of tactics and strategy; but, judging from 
 his performances when challenged by emergency, I cannot but feel 
 that he had a fine gift in these respects. Had he been in com- 
 mand of the Eleventh Corps on the battlefield of ChancellorsvLlle, 
 I cannot conceive it possible for him to have made the fatal mis- 
 take of disregarding the oft-repeated warnings that were brought 
 in from the fronit telling of General Jackson's movements on that 
 unprotected right flank — a mistake which lost the battle to the 
 Union army. 
 
 A very capable Prussian officer who was a general in our 
 army, seeing Colonel Armstrong handle his regiment, exclaimed: 
 "There is a man! I would trust him anywhere — but he will soon 
 get killed ! ' ' He did not get killed — God had a work for him to do 
 at Hampton. That is a story which another will tell. 
 
28 
 
 ADDRESS— "Armstrong and Hajnpton" 
 
 MR. C. A. COTTRILL 
 
 I esteem it a rare privilege to be permitted to participate in 
 these exercises. The very kind invitation from your committee 
 was promptly accepted, aiS I regarded it not only a compliment 
 to myself but an honor to my race. If you were identified with 
 the emancipated race as I am, if you knew of the real gratitude in 
 the great heart of that race for all service done and s.acrifices 
 made by the true friends of humanity and the race, you might 
 have some notion of the emotions that thrill me when I attempt to 
 speak on the topic "Armstrong and Hampton." 
 
 No one save a member of the emancipated race can fully 
 appreciate the real service rendered by this grand, good man to 
 the freedmen immediately following the close of the civil war. 
 To you, my friends, it is a theory — with me and my race it is a 
 condition. My hope is that I may be able to say something 
 worthy of the hour and of the man and which at the same time 
 will be a fitting expression of the gratitude of a whole race. 
 
 There are 10,000,000 descendants of the Negro race on the 
 mainland of the United States, and at this very hour hundreds of 
 thousands of them are gathered at their various churches, schools 
 and colleges commemorating, in song and address, the history of 
 the life and work of General Armstrong. We thamk God for 
 such a manhood, because the world is better for his having lived. 
 
 Born of real missionary stock, his years of unrequited toil for 
 an emancipated race proved him a worthy son of an honored sire. 
 
 The story of General Samuel G. Armstrong's birth and early 
 life in Hawaii, his^ graduation at Williams College, Massachusettos, 
 under the tutorage of the great Dr. Mark Hopikins, his gallant 
 and heroic services for the Union during the civil war has been 
 graphically and ably told by the speakers preceding me. I de- 
 sire, however, to emphasize the fact that he rounded out his mili- 
 
29 
 
 tary career as colonel of a Colored regiment. HiiS first real know- 
 ledge of tlie freiedmen was gained while serving as commander of 
 these Negro troops. So deeply was he impreasied by their simpli- 
 city and helplessness: that he resolved to have some piart in. their 
 protection and uplift. At about this time, he wrote a friend as 
 follows : ' ' Two and a half years service with Negro soldiers, as lieu- 
 tefnant colonel and colonel of the Eighth and Ninth regiments of 
 Colored troops, convinc'cd me of the excellent qualities and capaci- 
 ties of the freedmen. " The same strong Christian character 
 and indomitable will which carried the father from the old home 
 in New England to these, tlien, far away islands, to engage in a 
 labor of love for the natives, carried the son into the southland to 
 perform a great and incalculable service for the freedmen after 
 the close of the civil war. 
 
 In March, 1866, at the age of twenty-six years, he was placed m 
 charge of ten counties in eastern Virginia, with headquarters at 
 Hampton Eoads, by General 0. 0. Howard, commissioner of the 
 freedmen 's bureau. In this service he had opportunity tO' observe 
 their habits of industry, and the tendency toward frugality on 
 the part of many of their number. He then resolved that some 
 institution should be establishGd where the ex-slave could be 
 taught tlie things which would render him a valued and useful 
 member of his coanmunity. 
 
 The vicinity of Hampton Roads, Virginia, located in the dis- 
 trict of which he had Qharge as an officer of the freedmen 's bu- 
 reau, waSi indeed historic. Here settled the real founders of the 
 republic — the pioneers of America. In this section, at the town 
 of Jamestown, Virginia, were landed the first slaves brought 
 from Africa, and in this neighborhood also was organized Hamp- 
 ton Institute, a school for the education of the freedmen and 
 their descendants. Hampton Institute was organized and conduct- 
 ed in conformity with a vast plan conceived by General Arm- 
 strong to equip the freedman for the responsibilities of liberty, 
 and to it he devoted his life. 
 
30 
 
 At other times it has been my pleasure to refer to this won- 
 derful Island Territory as the world's greatest experiment station 
 - -the station in which the proper relation of the races is being 
 practically and satisfactorily worked out. Today I cheerfully pay 
 another tribute to Hawaii for the great school at Hampton which 
 has proven such a boon to the whole nation, as well as to my 
 race, was organized by a son of Hawaii and modeled after the 
 Hilo Boarding and Manual Trainicg School then located and be- 
 ing succiessfully conducted on the Island of Hawaii, 
 
 The American Missionary Association knew General Arm- 
 strong and to their confidence in him may be attributed the pur- 
 chase of 125 acres upon which to locate the school. General 
 Howard had closely observed and highly appreciated the true 
 character of General Armstrong and through him a fund of $50,- 
 000 was secured for buildings and improvements. 
 
 The school was organized in^ April, 1868, with General Arm- 
 strong in charge. From its very beginning Hampton Institute 
 pursued a policy that was calculated to oo'rrect the weaknesses de- 
 veloped during slavery. The proper ideas of religion and -morality 
 and the true dignity of labor were constantly emphasized. In- 
 dustry was urged as the real secret of all success. To be use- 
 ful in the world was the proper ambition pointed out to the ex- 
 slaves and their descendants who were the pupils of the school. 
 
 It was planned originally to admit as pupils none but the 
 freedmen and their descendants. The charter of the institution 
 under which it was organized made no limitations as to color or 
 race, however, and this condition made it possible to receive the 
 first Indian students, seventeen in number, in April, 1878. Pro- 
 phecies were uttered that the ex-slave and the Indian would not 
 dwell together in harmony, noir work side by side in their strug- 
 gles for an education. The prophecies were proven false; these 
 members of the two races studied and worked on terms of com- 
 radeship. In November of 1878, through assistance from Hon. Carl 
 
31 
 
 Schurz, secretary of the interior, the Indian colony was increased 
 by forty-nine — forty boys and nine girls. The experiment of co- 
 education of the two races attracted the attention of the then 
 President, Hon. K. B, Hayes, and of it he said : " I agree with the 
 secretary of the interior that the result of this interesting experi- 
 ment, if favorable, may be destined to become an important fac- 
 tor in the advancement of civilization among the Indians. ' ' 
 
 The result of the experiment is best attested by the opening 
 of the great Indian school at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in October, 
 1879. Nearly two years after the establishment of the Carlisle In- 
 dian school for the education of Indian youth, there came from 
 Alabama a call to General Armstrong at Hampton asking that he 
 recommend some one to take charge of a school that was about 
 to be opened in the town of Tuskegee, in that State. To the sur- 
 prise of all concerned, General Armstrong recommended a grad- 
 uate of Hampton as the proper person to take charge of the 
 work of the new school. The folks in Alabama, were surprised be- 
 cause they did not dream that any ex-slave had become suffi- 
 ciently equipped to take charge of the proposed institution. The 
 Hampton graduate chosen to open the school at Tuskegee was 
 none other than the now world-famous Dr. Booiker T. Washington. 
 The history of the Carlisle Indian school and of Tuskegee Normal 
 and Industrial Institute are indisputable proofs of the wisdom 
 that characterized the general plan of the parent organization. 
 Hampton Institute. 
 
 This year Hampton Institute has enrolled a total of 1669 stu- 
 dents, and teaches manual training, agricultural and academic 
 courses. These students come from thirty-five States of the Union 
 and four foreign countries. It has 135 buildings; seventysix of 
 these buildings (fifteen brick) were erected by student labor. 
 General Armstrong used the following in expressing the aims of 
 Hampton Institute: "To train selected youth who shall go out 
 and teach and lead their people, first by example by getting lands 
 
32 
 
 and homes; to give tliem not a dollar they can earn for themselves ; 
 to teach respect for labor; to replace stupid drudgery with skilled 
 hands ; and to these ends to build up an industrial system for the 
 sake, not only of self-support and intelligent labor, but also for 
 the sake of character." 
 
 Opened under the auspices of the American Missionary Asso- 
 ciation in April, 1868, Hampton Institute has remained since that 
 time a private school and is now controlled by seventeen trustees 
 representing all denominations and coming from all parts of the 
 country. Hampton has had over 7500 graduates, all urged to 
 spread broadcast lessons of industry, morality and cleanliness. All 
 industrial schools for negroes are outgrowths from Hampton In- 
 stitute. 
 
 I regret exceedingly that I had no personal acquaintance 
 with General Armstrong, but his, great service is none the less 
 appreciated by me. 
 
 Dr. Booker T. Washington, admittedly the most famous of 
 all Hampton graduates, says of General Armstrong: "He was 
 the noblest, rarest human being that it has ever been my privilege 
 to meet. I do not hesitate, after having met personally the 
 world's greatest characters of the present day, to say that I have 
 never met any man who in my estimation was the equal of 
 General Armstrong." 
 
 As the years went on at Hampton the industrial side of edu- 
 cation was increasingly emphasized. The Institute was so mould- 
 ed that wherever its pupils went they were able to do things to 
 miake people happier and better 
 
 Hampton Institute is the parent of scores of schools organ- 
 ized and directed by its foirmer students. Many thousands of them 
 in the southland, skilled in the trades, are now contributing their 
 share toward the comfort and improvement of the Colored race. 
 
33 
 
 Hampton Institute has demonstrated among other things that 
 different races can live together in harmony and mutual helpful- 
 ness; that negro and Indian youth can be so trained as to de- 
 velop strong character and purity of life ; that religion should be 
 applied to everyday life ; that a single institution may be of value 
 in the educational work of a whole country and the world. 
 
 General Samuel C. Armstrong died on May 11, 1893, while in 
 the zenith of his manly possibilities. He is buried in the school 
 cemetery at Hampton and his hallowed grave is fast becoming a 
 shrine to which multitudes journey to pay respect to his memory 
 and receive inspiration for better life: 
 
 To Hampton Institute and its great influence for good, and 
 to the splendid character, lofty ideals and tireless work of Gen- 
 eral Armstrong may be credited a large share of the real advance- 
 ment of the Colored race. 
 
 In these ceremonies we are honoring the memory of one of 
 the world's greatest men. General Samuel C. Armstrong was a 
 true disciple of Christian social service^ — a true friend of strug- 
 gling and unfortunate humanity. His sympathy was ever with, and 
 labors always for, the races further down. May the virtues that 
 distinguished his life be emulated by all who come after him a® 
 students at this, his alma mater. 
 
 As Abraham Lincoln won undying fame as the savior of a 
 country and the emancipator of a race, so General Samuel C. Arm- 
 strong will be remembered in song and story as the friend of the 
 lowly and the greatest teacher of a once despised and enslaved 
 race. 
 
 My friends, in the contemplation of the splendid life and grea,t 
 service of General Armstrong, let us reverently consecrate our- 
 selves to work for the uplift of those bowed down without refer- 
 ence to their creed, color or race. 
 
 Thanking God for the incalculable service done humanity 
 everywhere by this grand good man, may we each resolve here 
 and now to emulate his splendid example. 
 
34 
 
 aREETINGS— 
 
 WILLIAMS COLLEGE 
 HAMPTON INSTITUTE 
 Grreetings from Williams College sent by President Harry A. 
 Garfield and ex-President Franklin Carter, were presented by Dr. 
 N. B, Emersion as a part of his address, 
 
 Hampton Institute's greetings as expressed by Dr. H. B. 
 Prissell, principal, were presented by Mr. C. A. Cottrill. 
 
 Dear Friends: 
 
 Your kind invitation to attend the celebration next fall, was 
 received and acknowledged during my absence from Hampton. 
 I write to say that it would give me very great pleasure to at- 
 tend the Armstrong Memorial Exercises, but it now seems im- 
 possible. 
 
 We at Hampton have always felt a sense of gratitude to 
 Hawaii for the training given th<^re to General Armstrong in his 
 early days, and for the influence erected through him^ in the 
 solving of the race problems in this country. General Armstrong 
 probably appreciated more fuUy than any other one man, the 
 moral value of the work of the hand. His observation of condi- 
 tions in Hawaii helped him to understand the difficulties that 
 must be overcome in order that two widely different races may 
 live together in harmony and mutual helpfulness. He realized 
 that in order to bring about such results in the Southern Staites, 
 the young negroes must be taught ho>w to be of real value to the 
 communities in which they live. 
 
 As a consequence of such training, wherever the Hampton 
 students have gone, they have carried with them the idea of ser- 
 vice, not only for their own race but for the white race as well. 
 Over seven thousand have gone out with this purpose, and have 
 exemplified in their lives the truths which General Armstrong 
 promulgated when he founded the Hampton school. 
 
35 
 
 These truths, as to the value of the intelligent work of the 
 hand, are being more and more appreciated throughout this land 
 and indeed throughout the world. Representatives from inany 
 foreign countries come to Hampton to study the methods Gleneral 
 Armstrong introduced, and his name is becoming recognized as 
 that of one of the great educational leaders of our times. 
 
 His love for Hawaii was very great, and he often expressed 
 his devotion to the Plawaiian people, and to his associates in the 
 Islands. 
 
 Hampton Institute iis glad of the opportunity to send cordial 
 greetings and to express its appreciation of the endeavor that is 
 being made to perpetuate the memory of General Armstrong in 
 the Islands. Sincerely yours, 
 
 H. B. FRISSEIiL, 
 Principal. 
 
 The greetings from Booker T. "Washington which arrived too 
 late for presentation, are printed below: 
 
 Dear Friends: 
 
 The receipt of your invitatiOin to attend the dedication of the 
 General Samuel Chapman Armstrong Memorial touches my heart 
 very deeply, and I wish very much that I could see my way clear 
 to be present. 
 
 I should love very much to see the former friends of General 
 Armstrong and to visit the spot he loved so much. 
 
 My race in this country can never cease to be grateful .to 
 General Armstrong for all that he did for my people and for Amer- 
 ican civilization. 
 
 We always felt that many of the ideas and much of the in- 
 spiration he used to such good effect in this country, he got in 
 Hawaii, and I think it is most fitting that he should have this per- 
 manent memorial in his native land. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. 
 
36 
 
 OLI- 
 
 5. 
 
 -' ' Limaikaika ' ' 
 
 Written by DR. N. B. EMERSON 
 Chanted by MR. J. P. ICAPIHENUI 
 
 Alaha wale i ka Lani, 
 Aloha wale i ka aina, 
 Aloha ho 'i i ke kai, 
 Aloha no ia Punahou. 
 
 Aloha i ka hae Hawaii, 
 Aloha i ka hae e welo neij 
 Aloha i ka lima hana, 
 Lima-ikaika e maliu mai. 
 
 E kukuln i ka pahu, 
 B kukulu i ke kia, 
 Keleawe ho'omana'o, 
 Kia lono no kakou. 
 
 He inoa hanohano 
 Lele mai ka lani mai, 
 Me he manu o ka lewa, 
 Lele mai ia kakou nei. 
 
 Hulihia na aupuni; 
 Hulihia ke au alii; 
 Hulihia ke au moi ; 
 Hulihia ke au oko'a. 
 
 LIMAIKAIKA 
 6. 
 
 Hala aku la ka pouli; 
 Olioli mai ke kai — 
 Kai hoolana i na moku, 
 Moku no Hawaii nei. 
 
 No ke kai ka aina pa 'a, 
 Aina a Pele i hana ai, 
 Mai ka mole o Lehua 
 A Hawaii kua uli. 
 
 Ola ko Hawaii iwi 
 I ka mamo, he keiki, 
 Pulapula ka aina, 
 Limaikaika e lono nei. 
 
 9 . He ola mau ko Punahou : 
 Ke pua nei na kamahine. 
 He u'i a he pomaika'i 
 Ka inoa o Limaikaika. 
 
 10. Aloha wale na alii. 
 Aloha no i ka Moi ; 
 Keu na'e ke aloha 
 
 I ka moho Limaikaika. 
 
37 
 
 DEDICATION OF THE MEMORIAL- 
 UNVEILING 
 
 MARY CLAIRE WEAVER 
 IDA ELEANOR WEAVER 
 
 DEDICATION 
 
 Emily Cooke 
 Louise Erdman 
 Bemice Judd 
 Kinau Wilder 
 Martha Cooke 
 Pauline Kluegel 
 Juliette Carter 
 Catharine Pratt 
 Jessie Baldwin 
 Ruth G-artley 
 
 Esme Damon 
 Marian Forbes 
 ElizabetlT Waterhouse 
 Anna Cooke 
 Heather Damon 
 Martha Waterhouse 
 Laura Pratt 
 Dorothea Cooke 
 Margaret Austin 
 Edith Carter 
 
 HYMN—' ' ARMSTRONG ' ' 
 
 OAHU COLLEGE BOYS GLEE CLUB 
 
 Bacon 
 
 The dedication was a simple ceremony. 
 
 While the Oahu College Boys' Glee Club sang the Hymn 
 "Armstrong" Miss Mary Claire Weaver and Ida Eleanor Weaver, 
 grand-nieces of General Armstrong, removed the American and 
 Hawaiian flags with which the tablet was covered. The group of 
 girls named above, who are descendants of missionaries now in 
 attendance at the Punahou Preparatory School, effectively dedi- 
 cated the Memorial by gracefully laying upon it a maile lei. 
 
38 
 
 THE ARMSTRONG MEMORIAL COMMITTEE 
 
 Honolulu, Hawaii 
 
 Feb. 11, 1913. 
 The President and the Executive Committee, 
 The Civic Federation, 
 Honolulu, Hawaii. 
 
 GENTLEMEN: 
 
 A Memorial to General Samuel Chapman Armstrong was -sug- 
 gested in December, 1906, at a meeting of the Executive Commit- 
 tee of the Civic Federation. In January, 1907 the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Civic Federation appointed the Armstrong Memorial 
 Committee who were given power to select a suitable memorial, to 
 choose a site where it should be placed and to raise funds for it. 
 The Committee consisted of Judge S. B. Dole, A. F. Griffiths, Mrs. 
 Ellen A. Weaver, Ed Towse, George R. Carter, Charles M. Cooke, 
 Walter F. Frear, P. C. Jones, Rt. Rev. H. B. Restarick, W. 0. 
 Smith, Dr. W. D. Alexander, James B. Castle, Mrs. B. F. Dilling- 
 ham, Theodore Richards, Dr. Doremus Scudder, L. A. Thurston, 
 Perley L. Home, W. W. Hall, F. A. Schaefer, H. P. Baldwin, G. 
 N. Wilcox, F. S. Lyman. The Committee organized by electing 
 Judge Sanford B. Dole Chairman and A. F. Griffiths Secretaiy, 
 and by appointing an Executive Committee consisting of the 
 above named officers and of Mrs. B. F. Dillingham and Mr. Ed 
 Towse to whom was detailed the actual work of the Committee. 
 
 The Executive Committee gave to the subject great care, spar- 
 ing no pains that a worthy memorial to this distinguished son of 
 Hawaii might be secured! More than two years were occupied in 
 the investigation and final rejection of two proposed memorials. 
 Mr. Robert C. Ogden of New York, Preesident of the Armstrong 
 Association, called to the Committee's attention a memorial in 
 marble being done by A. Bertram Pegraan for Mr. E. H. Van In- 
 gen for presentation to Hampton Institute. When the Secretary 
 
39 
 
 of the local committee went East in 1909 he saw Mr. Van Ingen 
 personally, secured photographs of the proposed memorial and 
 what was more important, secured frocm. Van Ingen permission to 
 have a replica made of this memorial for Honolulu. Mr. Van 
 Ingen not only graciously gave this permission but also volun- 
 teered to be of any assistance possible in the negotiations with 
 Mr, Pegram and in the final decision upon the memorial. 
 
 Upon the recommendation of the Executive Committee, the 
 Armstrong Memorial Committee finally adopted the replica in 
 bronze of the Pegram Memorial, a tablet in the form of a portrait 
 bas relief with the inscription: 
 
 1839 — SAMUEL CHAPMAN ARMSTRONG — 1893 
 Noble son of Ha,waii Loyal Alumnus of Punahou 
 Commander of Negro Troops in the Civil War 
 Founder of Hampton Institute 
 Educator and UpUfter of a Race 
 
 It was decided to place it at Oahu College of which General 
 Armstrong was a distinguished graduate^ where it could be an in- 
 spiration to the youth of the land for years to come. The tab- 
 let was unveiled with a suitable program very appropriately on 
 General Armstrong's birthday, January 30, 1913, the exercises 
 taking place in front of Pauahi Hall. 
 
 The Memorial was to cost $1300.00 in London. The Commit- 
 tee proceeded to raise funds, especially from old schoolmates of 
 General Armstrong, personal friends of his, and their descendants. 
 The funds were raised entirely by letter; no personal solicitation 
 was necessary, I submit below a statement of the receipts and 
 expenditures of the Committee: 
 
40 
 
 RECEIPTS 
 
 Subseriptioos $1602.75 
 
 Interest — Bank 35.20 
 
 Interest — Van Ingen . . 33.70 
 
 EXPENDITURES 
 
 Van Ingen— Memorial ..$1300.00 
 Van Ingen — Expenses. . 33.70 
 Committee Expenses in- 
 cluding printing, post- 
 age, programs, mate- 
 rial and labor 129.82 
 
 $1671.05 
 
 To Balance 
 
 $1463.52 
 . . 208.13 
 
 $1671.65 ^ $1671.65 
 
 This leaves at present an unexpended balance of $208.13. A 
 part of this will be used to print and distribute a pamphlet giving 
 a description of the Memorial Exercises and the addresses, poem 
 and oli in full. The small remaining balance will be spent for such 
 a purpose as the Executive Committee of the Armstrong Memo- 
 rial Committee may decide. 
 
 Those who have had this matter in charge wish to testify es- 
 pecially to the general interest which was felt in providing this 
 Memorial and to the evident high esteem in which General Sam- 
 uel Chapman Armstrong is held in the land of his birth which he 
 has done so much to honor. The Committee are rejoiced to bring 
 to so happy a conclusion this proposal vrhich came first from the 
 Civic Federation of Honolulu. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 THE ARMSTRONG MEMORIAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 By S. B. DOLE, Chairman. 
 
 A. P. GRIFFITHS, Secretary. 
 
ifcU 2i 19^3