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THE 
 
 panish-American War 
 Volunteer 
 
 Ninth United States Volunteer Infantry 
 
 Roster and Muster 
 
 Biographies • Cuban Sketches 
 
 BY W. HILARY COSTON, B.D. 
 
 Chaplain Ninth United States Volunteer Infantry 
 
 %^4 
 
 Camp Q^calie 
 
 MIDDLETOWN, PA. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 
 
 1899 
 

 32378 
 
 ■H- 
 
 Copyright, iSgg, 
 By W. HILARY COSTON, B. D. 
 
 ^r- uv 
 
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 W 2 5 181 
 
 ^ount ©Icajsant I^nntcrp 
 
 I. Horace McFarland Company 
 Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
I 2?etitcation 
 
 C^f ^panisf) ' American M3ar C^oUintcec 
 
 is 
 
 attcctionatdp SDcdicatcd 
 
 to 
 
 ^afoc Duncan 15. Darrison 
 
 tbc Efficient ©fficcr anti 
 JFaitl)fuI JFricnIi of tl)c ©ribatc iSoItiicr 
 
Regimental Colors. 
 
Introduction. 
 
 THE compiler of the statistics of the Roster 
 and Muster of the Ninth United States 
 Volunteer Infantry acknowledges the in- 
 completeness of his effort, but he is conscious 
 that the statements made will be found accu- 
 rate and reliable, so far as given, as to the 
 formation of the several companies, and the 
 record of the dates and places of enlistment of the 
 men, and their initial illness. These are of primary im- 
 portance to enlisted men, and will be found to be of 
 increasing value to them. As the time of their service 
 becomes more and more remote, the essentials will be- 
 come less clear in their memories, and it will become pro- 
 portionately difficult for them to establish their identity 
 with the organization. Disease, which is ever faithfully en- 
 gaged in the work of removing members of the family or- 
 ganization, will prove as active and diligent in taking from 
 our regimental organization our companions, who, with us, 
 severally suffered the fevers of possible death on San Juan 
 Hill, at San Luis, at Camp Cheever, at El Cobre, at El 
 Myria, at Palma, at Cristo, and Songo, and in the hospital 
 at Santiago. With these important truths in mind, the 
 need of the Roster and Muster becomes plainly apparent 
 to the reader. 
 
 The writer regrets that he has been unable to secure 
 sketches and portraits of the entire staff, as well as those 
 of all the line officers; but they are gentlemen of varying 
 capacities, of keen instincts, of broad charity, and essen- 
 tially excellent soldiers and efficient officers. 
 
 (7) 
 
The African-American's Opportunity. 
 
 THE ARMY A MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH HE MAY 
 ACQUIRE A PLACE IN AMERICAN CIVILIZATION 
 
 ^^|i2HE nios, distinctive and determined element u, American social 
 
 'M-^i-'-S:^ - A."enca„. The character of this sentiment is defined bv it, 
 . --. -^^ advancns, and haltio. „ has been timorons, bnt it has' ex- 
 plored, -eM every inch of the territory before entrenchment 
 The Afr,can-America„ has not been blind. He has observed 
 >mh accttrate vision. He has seen the ending a. the beginning 
 K, ,■ ^ "■"'■ A""="<:^" >™'-. ■''"d has succeeded in placing his contr, 
 
 bm,on pron„nently among the victorious achievements of the natio^ IZje, 
 of ccvardtce, he has proved most conrageot.s and reliable in battle ' He !' 
 
 X r^it'r "^^— "' — -eand there. ';^e T^ e 
 e, e led bnt he has fingered at the threshold of American thonght and has 
 
 fi«lly been adm„ted to a place in American consciousness. Hi, pi-es nee ta 
 
 art and war has received respectfnl recognition, and in these he is ass, red of 
 creasmg metital acreage for intellectual and indus.nal expansion, a rd I n^ , 
 
 and rehg,ons development. The pessimism of despair will not de er fiin, He h 
 
 optnmstic. and will not be palsied bv doubt 
 
 bled'h;":;';;'' '"t*"^, °[ "°°'' "^'^ '^ - -'™«°"- ^'^ Afr,can- Amencan has 
 bed n all 1 e wars by wh.ch our civilization has been established and perpetuated 
 
 T :Z'Zrr '° " ^^'r -^ '" '°^' '° ^" ever.acc„m„lating'ci>:H: ; . ; 
 Jre »::: r 'r.^-^'^^-^^^: '^'- --'i*- -^ nraK-mg, friendly influences 
 
 are accmulat ng. \ olcanic ernpt.ons are not of spontaneous origin A<-es of .as 
 us accnmnlation have preceded and contributed to the ernptio , o, ,; d ay Co ! 
 
 and helpful , they are obstructive and violent The ]^n^r u 
 
 *e illuminated consciousness of American cl^siralre;;:: .r„::r;:^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ■ve and v.olent, they will not survive. French history furnishes iun^merlbl type o 
 
 press,ve influences, and stil, the people survive. The influences oppo , ^, e ;L 
 
 estant reformation in Germany were seemingly irresistible, yet the refrmi .sprit" 
 
 insa et 'a rT" ° "^" "'" " "''"'' '" '■''"^»- '-"' -<J P-c.ice. The 
 
 d in eh I t '"'"• " "" "'"'"' "^^ "«" --'=^. -- «- -l-v will 
 
 safe.; infe:,:;';:;;:;;;:'"'' ^^^■"""-' -' •°--°" •'-«*■" '<> — » hm, 
 him'pu":;::rb"\^"r"t"r*"' """ "" '""™^''"^- "-'^"^ -"■"-' '---.. 
 
 ' '""■''='' ''> '■" ''=^"""'' =»"'«"••>• and by the shedding of his blood at eI 
 
 (S) 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 9 
 
 Caney, Siboney, and at San Juan, as well as on the bloody fields of the Civil War, that 
 will eventually arrest, upon every inch of American territory, the most vehement hos- 
 tility against him. and will expel it from every American institution. His mental 
 equipment must be increasingly intelligent and alert ; his habits increasingly indus- 
 dustrious and reliable ; his conduct increasingly moral and religious. Assiduously 
 must he seek to remove every obstacle that would justify the most sensitive prejudice 
 or excite it into opposing his presence in tlie several branches of government service 
 or of that of the several states. 
 
 As to the strength of our newly-acciuired position in the military service of 
 the government, I am pleased to quote from a history of the Spanish-American 
 war, which is said by the officers who commanded at Santiago to be the fairest 
 history of the war put fortli : 
 
 '•While we talked, and the soldiers filled their canteens and drank deep and 
 long, like camels who, after days of travel through the land of 'thirst and empti- 
 ness,' have reached the green oasis and the desert spring, a black corporal of the 
 Twenty-fourth Infantry walked wearily up to the 'water hole.' He was muddy 
 and bedraggled. He carried no cup or canteen, and stretched himself out over 
 the stepping-stones in the stream, sipping up the water and mud together out ot 
 the shallow pool. A white cavalryman ran toward him shouting, ' Hold on, bunkie ; 
 here's my cup ! ' The negro looked dazed a moment, and not a few of the specta- 
 tors showed amazement, for such a thing had rarely, if ever, happened in the army 
 before. ' Thank you,' said the black corporal. ' Well, we are all fighting under the 
 same flag now.' And so he drank out of the white man's cup. I was glad to see 
 that I was not the only man who had come to recognize the justice of certain Con- 
 stitututional Amendments, in the light of the gallant behavior of the colored troops 
 throughout the battle, and, indeed, the campaign. The fortune of war had, of 
 course, something to do with it, in presenting to the colored troops the oi^portu- 
 nities for distinguished service, of which they invariably availed themselves to the 
 fullest extent ; but the confidence of the general officers in their superb gallantry, 
 which the event proved to be not misplaced, had still more ; and it is a fact that 
 the services of no four white regiments can be compared with those rendered by 
 the four colored regiments— the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry and the Twenty-fourth 
 and Twenty-fifth Infantry. They were to the front at La Guasismas, at Caney, and 
 San Juan, and, what was the severest test of all, that which came later in the yellow 
 fever hospital. I saw the groups of the black soldiers oi the Twenty-fourth Infantry 
 carrying into their places the sick as tliey came, and carrying out the dead as 
 they died, and burning the infected clothing, and scrubbing the place with chloride 
 of lime and other disinfectants. Superb as was the behavior of the Twenty-fourth 
 Infantry in the San Juan charge, the battle they fought for forty days in the yellow 
 fever hospital here was a still more gallant fight, and one which cost more dearly 
 in precious lives. And there is no name that more deserves to be inscribed in let- 
 ters of gold upon the regimental flag than that of Siboney, to commemorate those 
 who faced in that slough of despair, that charnel-house of the wrecked army, a 
 
lo Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 danger and a death more terrible than any they had to fear from the Spanish fire. 
 They sang as they came, and long before they reached the ford I knew it must be a 
 column of the colored troops, as no other men in the army could sing as these 
 men sang, as they came trudging along through the darkness and up to their knees 
 
 in the mud : 
 
 "'When through the deep waters I call thee to go. 
 The rivers of woe shall not thee o'erflow.' " 
 
 "They sang with their deep, rich voices, as they came up to the ford. I found 
 it was the Twenty-fourth Infantry, which had been ordered back to Siboney to 
 nurse and to guard the sick in the yellow fever hospital.* They were under orders 
 to push on and assume their trying duties at daybreak in the morning, so I only had 
 an opportunity to shake by the hand several of my friends in the gallant regiment, 
 and to wish them God-speed as they marched on tln'ongh the night; but for a long 
 time after the column had disappeared, swallowed up in the darkness, I could 
 hear the deep, manly voices of these brave men, who shirked no duty, whether 
 upon the battlefield or in the noisome pesthouse, singing : 
 
 " ■ I'll strengthen thee, help thee, and cause thee to stand, 
 Upheld by My righteous, omnipotent hand.' " 
 
 *The Twenty-fourth Infantry was ordered down to Siboney simply to do guard duty. When the 
 regiment reached the yellow fever hospital it was found to be in a deplorable condition. Men were 
 dying there every hour for the lack of proper nursing. Major Markley, who had commanded the regi- 
 ment since July i, when Colonel Liscum was wounded, drew his regiment up in line, and Dr. La Garde, 
 in charge of the hospital, explained the needs of the suffering, at the same time clearly setting forth 
 the danger to men who were not immunes of nursing and attending yellow fever patients. Major 
 Markley then said that any man who wished to volunteer to nurse in the yellow fever hospital could 
 step forward. The whole regiment stepped forward. Sixty men were selected from the volunteers 
 to nurse, and within forty-eight hours forty-two of these brave fellows were down, seriously ill with 
 yellow or pernicious malarial fever. Again the regiment was drawn up in line, and again Major Mark- 
 ley said that nurses were needed, and that any man who wished to do so could volunteer. After the 
 object lesson which the men received in the last few days of the danger from contagion to which they 
 would be exposed, it was now unnecessary for Dr. La Garde to again warn the brave blacks of the 
 terrible contagion. When the request for volunteers to replace those who had already fallen in the per- 
 formance of their dangerous and perfectly optional duty was again made the regiment stepped forward 
 as one man. When sent down from the trenches the regiment consisted of eight companies, averaging 
 about forty men each. Of the officers and men who remained on duty during the forty days spent in 
 Siboney, only twenty-four escaped without serious illness, and of this handful, not a few succumbed 
 to fevers on the voyage home and after their arrival at Montauk. 
 
 The following is a complete list of those who died at Siboney : 
 
 Captain Charles Dodge. 
 
 Co. A —Privates (i) Humphrey Montgomery, (2) James R. Sidden, (3) Isaac A. Laster, (4) Grozier 
 Appleby, (5) Budd Ashton, (6) Frank Carter. (7) W. M. M. Perry. 
 
 Co. B.— (i) Corporal Tom Robertson; privates, (2) Edward Penn, (3) Charles Diggs, (4) John 
 Richards. 
 
 Co. C— Privates (1) J. Nelson, (2) Robert Ramsey, (3) John Mealy. 
 
 Co D.— Privates (i) Henry Chubbs, (2) John Garrett. 
 
 Co. E.-Corporals (i) Charley Wamble, (2) James J. Buford ; privates, (3) Abram Bensom, (4) 
 J. P. Phillips. 
 
 Co. F.— (i) Corporal Henry .\. Shaw; privates (2) Charley Hicks, (3) Richard H. Brown. 
 
 Co. G.— Privates (i) Walter Reeves, (2) Effa J. Bassett, (3) Herman Rause. 
 
 Co. H.— (i) Corporal Lewis Johnston ; musicians (2) Robert Brookes, (3) William Brent; privates 
 (4) Carter Boggs, (5) Warren Green, (6) William Mosley, (7) Sandy Smith, (S) Mortimer Spencer, 
 (9) William Griggs, or thirty-six deaths in all, including officers and enlisted men. Some forty men 
 have been discharged from the regiment owing to disabilities resulting from illness which began in 
 the yellow fever hospital. 
 
Speciai. Order No. jS. 
 
 i^eatiquarters 
 9tl; m. ^. 15. 3lnfantrp, 
 
 S. S. Meade, April 2j, iSgg. 
 The following- letter is published for the information of the 
 regiment : 
 
 Headqrs. Dept. of Santiago, ] 
 
 Adjt. Genl's Office, Civil Dept., I 
 Santiago de Cuba, April 2j, /Sgg. \ 
 
 COLONEL CRANE, glh V. S. /'. /. 
 
 Sir— Your regiment having been relieved from duty in this 
 department, it gives me great pleasure to assure you that / have 
 alzuays pound your regiment to be ejpieient, zvetl instructed and 
 ivell diseiplined, and that its services, taken as a zuhole, have 
 been e.vcellent and creditable. 
 
 The cL'ork done by the officers of the regiment in the sup- 
 pression of bandits during the last tzao months has been espe- 
 cially zvorthy of commendation. / desire to express my appre- 
 ciation of your ozvn constant and untiring efforts to improve 
 the condition and efficiency of your men, and to look after their 
 zvetfare, in zvhich endeavors you have been very successful. 
 Very respectj'ully, 
 
 LEONARD WOOD. 
 Major Gen. U. S. J '., Commanding Dept. of Santiago. 
 
 By order of Colonel Cor7ie. 
 
 {Signed) JAMES LONGSTREET, 
 
 First LJeut. 9th U. S. J'. /., Adjt. 
 

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Col. C. J. Crane. 
 
Colonel C. J. Crane. 
 
 THE organization of the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry was not accom- 
 plished without great difficulty and labor. I'^rom the inception of the 
 movement to raise this regiment to the hour of its embarkation for Cuba 
 it was opposed, and the most malignant attacks were made upon its patriotic and 
 intrepid organizer. His knowledge of his own excellent military equipment, his 
 long experience with and confidence in the dormant ability of colored men to 
 make ideal soldiers, gave to him mental and physical endurance which inspired 
 his men and won the admiring personal loyalty of his officers. During the short 
 period of not quite two months the regiment was organized, with 1,100 men, suffi- 
 ciently disciplined and drilled to meet the approval of and to be accepted by the 
 Inspector General of the United States Army, and to convert the virulence of 
 those who had opposed its organization into the highest laudation. With an 
 appreciative knowledge of the facility with which men were enlisted and mus- 
 tered for the Spanish-American war, the opinion is amply justified that the sub- 
 ject of this sketch made a record as an organizer and disciplinarian that could 
 hardly be duplicated by an investigation which would embrace the entire organiz- 
 ing military service of our army. The organization of the regiment went forward 
 by his touch as if inspired by a magician's wand. Its organization, attended, as 
 it was. by the discipline almost of a martinet, gave at once protection and military 
 training to the men who desired to "avenge the Maine." 
 
 It was the fortune of the regiment to do service upon the Island of Cuba 
 at the point where it disembarked on August 23. 
 
 Of the many experiences of the regiment, the saddest and most sudden was 
 the death of Mrs. C. J. Crane, the wife of Colonel Crane. Her death was shock- 
 ing and paralyzing in its unexpectedness. She was ever active in showing, in many 
 ways, her interest in and care for the soldiers of the entire regiment. The men 
 loved her, and sympathized with their beloved colonel in his and their bereave- 
 ment. 
 
 The service of Colonel Crane has revealed to the government an emergency 
 power of which our government was probably uninformed. It has done much for 
 the African-American. It has discovered to him the \alue of discipline and the 
 power of trained organization. Colonel Crane has given to the African- American 
 of the south probably his first lesson of liberty under law, and taught him how to 
 secure in the fullest measure the satisfaction found in obedience to orders. The 
 chaplain of the regiment acknowledges his personal indebtedness to Colonel 
 Crane, and indulges the hope that the Captain of the Armies of Right will vouch- 
 safe to him a continued career of usefulness and prosperity in the exalted service 
 of our common country. 
 
 (15) 
 
Major Duncan B. Harrison. 
 
Major Duncan B. Harrison. 
 
 MAJOR DUNCAN B. HARRISON has probably paid the largest price for 
 the service he has been pleased to render to the men of his regiment 
 than any of his fellow officers. He is of the finest sensibilities, which 
 have moved him to assume the interests of his men when they most needed pro- 
 ecttion and vindication. 
 
 On the 14th of November, 1898, a number of the soldiers of the 9th regi- 
 ment became involved in a difficulty in a Cuban restaurant. A Cuban policeman, 
 wantonly and without tlie semblance of justification, shot one of the men. This 
 murderous act caused the loss of probably six innocent lives. Six Cubans and 
 one Spaniard were mercilessly shot by enraged and irresponsible persons. For 
 this crime two men, whose connection in the slightest degree was an absolute 
 impossibility, were arrested and, after three months' confinement in prison at 
 Santiago, were tried and vindicated by a military court, the personnel of which was 
 of southern origin. Major Harrison was their principal attorney, and for iKiving 
 proved their innocence he has been most scandalously assailed. This has been 
 done especially by papers which accept an accusation against an African-American 
 as proof of his guilt. 
 
 Major Harrison is a gentleman, a soldier, and his devotion to the interests of 
 his men has won for him their affections to an immeasurable degree. The Cuban 
 sun, during the months of their service in that island, was never too hot, nor the 
 rain too severe, nor has the possibility of contagion of the many dangerous 
 fevers been too great to deter him from interesting himself in the cause of a 
 needy soldier, or to take him, when he has fallen upon the march or drill, or 
 has been seized with one of those deadly fevers, in his strong arms to the hospi- 
 tal, and there to administer to his needs as gently as if he were his own kith and 
 kin. He is free to a remarkable degree from racial bias, and while he is kind 
 and sympathetic, he is still the disciplinarian and soldier, who wins the confidence 
 and love, and demands the respect and absolute obedience of his men. 
 
 The heroism displayed by Major Harrison has made the people of the United 
 States his debtor to a large degree. It saved the entire regiment from almost 
 certain death and the nation from a calamity which would have had a demoralizing 
 effect upon our arms everywhere. Almost the entire regiment was prostrated upon 
 San Juan Hill by that deadly disease, yellow fever. In the tents and company 
 streets men lay ill, suffering keenly. Though ill himself, and nearly exhausted by 
 a vigil of many hours, he walked through the streets as though immune from 
 death, directed his line officers to a faithful discharge of duties new to military 
 experience, and by his example and hopeful words quickened the spirits and stimu- 
 lated the courage of the sufferers for the struggle with disease which brought 
 many from the valley and shadow of death to a new lease of life and usefulness. 
 
 (17) 
 
Chaplain W. Hilary Coston 
 
W. Hilary Coston. 
 
 w. 
 
 HILARY COSTON was born at Providence, R. I. He attended the 
 public schools of that city until he was seven years of age, when his 
 parents moved to New Haven, Conn. Here he was again entered into 
 the public schools. At the age of sixteen, by a fortunate circumstance, he secured 
 the janitorship of Hopkins Grammar School, Yale Preparatory, which he attended 
 for several years, when he was sent to Wilberforce University, from which he 
 entered Yale Divinity School. He graduated in the class of '84, and immediately 
 entered the ministry of the A. M. E. Church. He has had the varying fortunes 
 of the ministry, and considers himself favored in having been privileged to con- 
 tribute to the educational, moral and Christian influences which are lifting the 
 American people into a higher appreciation of the Fatherhood of God and the 
 brotherhood of man. He was appointed to the chaplaincy of the 9th United 
 States Volunteer Infantry by President William McKinley, which office was vacated 
 by Rev. W. T. Walker, D.D., who had resigned it, to the deep regret of the men of 
 the regiment, by whom he was highly appreciated and intensely loved. The 
 Reverend Mr. Walker is of pleasing appearance, easy of approach, and of tender 
 sympathies. He has the reputation of being one of the most eloquent members 
 of the Afro-American ministry. 
 
 Chaplain Coston has appreciated his opportunity for exceptional service, and 
 while he has not been privileged to preach at regular intervals, he has in a com- 
 mendable measure adapted himself to army life, and has tried to so come in con- 
 tact with the men of the regiment as to impress them with the fact that Christ's 
 life and work are being perpetuated and accomplished by a ministry which "goes 
 about doing good." 
 
 
 .'■.>-- \y^^?^^-fe 
 
 (19) 
 
J. Leon Jones. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, Lieut. J. Leon Jones,* regimental quartermaster 
 of the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, was born in Houston, Texas, 
 August 3, 1S74, and is, therefore, but 24 years old. 
 When it was announced that several immune regiments of volunteers would 
 be organized in the south to take part in the Spanish-American war. Lieutenant 
 Jones, on account of prior military teaching, as an officer of the "Cocke" Rifles, 
 of the state militia, and a special desire to go to war, to do his duty in defense 
 of his country's flag, assisted very materially in organizing Co. "I," 9th United 
 States Volunteer Infantry, whose home name was given in honor of Hon. Henry 
 C. Ferguson, and known as the "Ferguson Rifles." Col. Crane, commanding 
 the 9th regiment, had been ordered to New Orleans, La., by the War Depart- 
 ment, to organize and mobilize the regiment at that point. The "Ferguson 
 Rifles" being accepted as one of the companies of the regiment. Lieutenant Jones 
 went with it as first sergeant. Shortly afterwards the regiment left for Cuba, and 
 in three months after the organization of the regiment, he was one of the regimental 
 non-commissioned staff officers, having been appointed regimental quartermaster 
 sergeant, October i, 1898. He served in that capacity with great credit until the 
 I2th day of April, 1S99, when he was notified by the Adjutant General of the 
 army of his appointment that day as a second lieutenant in the regiment. He 
 was at the time acting as district commissary of subsistence of Mayari, Cuba, 
 and was continued in that capacity until the 24th of the same month, when 
 Colonel Crane appointed him regimental quartermaster and commissary of sub- 
 sistence, relieving First Lieutenant James T. Ord (white). The position is one of 
 honor, he being on the colonel's personal staft". Aside from the regimental chap- 
 lain, he is the only colored officer in any of the regiments having a white staff" 
 and colored officers of the line, to till a similar position. Lieutenant Jones, though 
 young, in the short space of ten months worked up from the position of an 
 enlisted man to one of the most highly responsible positions in the regiment. He 
 enjoys the confidence and esteem of all his brother officers and of the men in 
 the regiment. His is a brilliant and shining example for others to follow. As yet 
 he is not fully decided on his future, though he is thinking very seriously of 
 continuing in the service. We predict for him a brilliant future as a military man. 
 *Piomoted First Lieutenant by special order War Department, May 17, 1S99. 
 
 (20) 
 
^^^^^^^4^^M^M=i 
 
 Surrender Tree, under which Terms of Surrender of thi 
 Island of Cuba were made. 
 
Lieut. Col. David M. Sells. 
 
First Battalion 
 
 LIEUT. COL. D. M. SELLS COMMANDING. 
 
 GEORGE H. NELSON. 
 
 GEORGE H. NELSON was born in New Orleans, La., October 12, 1S70. His 
 father having died when a small boy, he was adopted by a Congregational 
 minister named Rev. Isaac H. Hall, who educated and cared for him as one 
 of his own children. Lieutenant Nelson graduated from Straight University, New 
 Orleans, class of '9 \ with the degree of B.S. Three years later he graduated 
 from the Medical Department of the New Orleans University with the degree of 
 M.D. For two sessions he was instructor in analytical chemistry. He was 
 also organist of the Morris Brown Congregational church for more than fifteen 
 years. 
 
 When the call for volunteers was made by President McKinley, Lieutenant 
 Nelson was the captain of an independent military company called the "Faith 
 Cadets," whose motto was " Courage and Faith." This company was organized 
 in August, 18S7. On May 30, 1890, this company, with others, participated in the 
 memorial services of the colored G. A. R. of Mississippi and Louisiana, at the 
 National Cemetery "Chalmette," when Lieutenant Nelson's company fired the 
 first volley over the nation's dead in that cemetery. But soon a bill was passed 
 in Louisiana making it a crime for an independent military company to exist 
 without a special permission from the governor. This permit could never be 
 secured, and the company was allowed to sleep quietly on until the call was made. 
 Then, like a flash, the company was called together. Circulars were issued calling 
 upon the men to assemble at the old headquarters. This they did, officers were 
 elected, and they with patience waited for developments. When the 9th Regi- 
 ment was organized, the "Faith Cadets" offered their services in a body, which 
 were accepted by Col. C J. Crane, and mustered into service as Co A, June 20, 
 1898, at Camp Corbin, New Orleans, La., with James C. Simpson captain, Geo. H. 
 Nelson first lieutenant, and Ed. H. Phillips second lieutenant. Lieutenant 
 Nelson was commissioned June 25, 1S9S. 
 
 • 
 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 E. H. PHILLIPS. 
 
 LIEUTENANT E. H. PHILLIPS was born Dec. 26, 1867, in New Orleans, 
 La. He attended the public schools until eleven years old, when the death 
 of his father compelled him to leave school and assist in the support of 
 his five younger brothers. He has been a bootblack, newsboy, peddler, farmer 
 and book agent, and is now a wholesale and retail dealer in coal. In 1887 he 
 
 (23) 
 
24 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 became a member of the Faith Cadets, a military organization of New Orleans, 
 and rose from the ranks to first lieutenant, the position he held when the body 
 was disbanded by an act of the Legislature. 
 
 On April 2r, 189S, he telegraphed to the governor of the state for permission 
 to organize a company (it being a misdemeanor punishable by six months' imprison- 
 ment to do so without his consent), and without waiting for an answer hoisted a flag 
 over his place of business, drew up a call for volunteers, and began to enroll 
 names. This organization, the First Louisiana Colored Volunteers, was the first 
 volunteer organization in the state, and, as Co. A, became the nucleus of Col. 
 C. J. Crane's regiment, the 9th U. S. Volunteer Infantry (Immunes), in which he 
 was commissioned second lieutenant. He was appointed adjutant of the first 
 battalion by Lieut. -Col. D. M. Sells, and held that position until his company 
 and Co. C were ordered on detached service at El Cobre, Cuba, where he 
 was appointed quartermaster, which he remained until his regiment was ordered 
 home. On account of his small stature he is known in the regiment as 
 "Little Regular." What is thought of him by his superiors is best shown by the 
 following : 
 
 "As your captain I take great pleasure in recognizing your worth and ability, 
 and the great assistance you have rendered me in bringing my company up to 
 its present standard of efficiency." 
 
 James C. Simpson, 
 Capt. 9th U. S. V. I., ConVdg. Co. A. 
 
 "El Cobre, Cuba, April 10, "pp. 
 " I appointed you quartermaster of this detachment, knowing you to be 
 
 honest and trustworthy. 
 
 E. J. She.\rman, 
 Capt. 9th U. S. V. L, Coni'dg. Detachment. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 W. H. FRANKLIN. 
 
 WILLIA:\I H. franklin, first lieutenant, appointed August 16, 1898. Born 
 in Gallatin, Summer county, Tenn., March 25, 1857. Enlisted in 24th 
 Infiintry, April 16, 1876, and served continuously as private, corporal, 
 sergeant and first sergeant in Cos. J and E, 24th Infantry, to August 17, 1898. Was 
 in the engagements before Santiago, Cuba, from July i, 1S98. Appointed first 
 lieutenant August 16, 1898, while serving as first sergeant Co. E, 24th Infantry, at 
 Siboney, Cuba. He accepted his commission August 18, 1S98. 
 
Roman Catholic Cathedral, Santi.igo 
 
 Barracks of Cos. A and C at El Cobre. 
 
Henry O. Franklin, Second Lieutenant, Co. C. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 27 
 
 JOHN V/. BROWN. 
 
 JOHN \V. BROWX, second lieutenant, appointed October 24, 1S98. He was 
 born at Falmouth, Stafibrd county, Va., May 5, 1856. He enlisted April 24, 
 1876, in the United States Army, and was assigned to Co. D, 24th Infantry', 
 July 12, 1S76, and was discharged as a sergeant April 23, 1881. He reenlisted May 
 20 of the same year, and was assigned to Troop C, 9th United States Cavalry, 
 and served as a private, corporal, sergeant, first sergeant and saddler sergeant. 
 He was appointed second lieutenant in the 9th United .States \'olunteer Infantry 
 regiment, accepted the commission on October 26, 1S98, and joined the regiment 
 at San Luis, Cuba, on December 6, 189S. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 HENRY O. FRANKLIN. 
 
 HENRY O. FRANKLIN, second lieutenant, 9th United .States Volunteer In- 
 fantry, was born in the town of Thibodeaux, parish of Lafourche, state ot 
 Louisiana, March 25, 1S74. He attended the Thibodeaux public schools and 
 Straight University, the A. M. A. school at New Orleans, and also Meilley's com- 
 mercial night school in New Orleans. He has had continuous employment with 
 different commercial firms in New Orleans ever since he left Straight University, 
 ten years ago, and was employed at the Citizens' Bank of Louisiana for six years 
 previous to his appointment in the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, June 25, 
 1898, which position is still open to him when the regiment is mustered out. But 
 Lieutenant Franklin intends to quit the south and seek a home in some of the 
 new possessions of the United States as soon as he is discharged from the service 
 
 Lieutenant Franklin is a member of Central church, and for three years was 
 president of its board of trustees. He was also president of the Y. P. S. C. E., 
 and for some time superintendent of the Sabbath school of Central church. This 
 is one of the largest Congregational churches in the south. He was the secretary 
 of the local Christian Endeavor Union of New Orleans, which organization sent 
 him as their representative to the Boston C. E. convention in 1895. 
 
 Up until 1888, Lieutenant Franklin's father was considered one of the wealthiest 
 and most prosperous colored men in Louisiana. He was, however, forced to leave 
 his home, Thibodeaux, by the " regulators," at the time aforesaid, and since then 
 has been a resident of New Orleans. 
 
 Lieutenant Frankim's first duty in Cuba was guarding the Spanish prisoners 
 taken on San Juan Hill, August 25, 1898. He was in command of roads that led 
 from the hill (San Juan) when the Spanish soldiers saw the last of San Juan, and 
 passed out to embark for Spain. He was a member of the first general court 
 martial for the military district of Mayari, and adjutant of the El Cobre detach- 
 ment of the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, consisting of Companies A 
 and C. He hoisted the first American flag that floated over the town of El Cobre. 
 
Sterling Price Br(jwx, First Lieutenant; commanding Co. D. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 29 
 
 STERLING PRICE BROWN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch, SterUng Price Brown, was born in Atlanta, Ga., 
 December 23, 1S63. He attended the public schools of Atlanta until he 
 reached the age of fourteen. He attended the Central Tennessee College, at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, where he completed the academic course in four years. 
 He entered the Meharry Medical College in iSSr, and after three years of fluthful 
 study he graduated with distinguished honors, and was unanimously selected bv 
 the faculty to be the valedictorian of his class. After receiving the degree of 
 M.D. he went to New Orleans, La., and successfully passed the examination that 
 admitted him to the practice of his chosen profession. 
 
 When the first call was made for volunteers to take up arms in the defense 
 of their country. Dr. Brown gave up his practice, and assisted in organizing 
 the 9th U. S. \'. Infantry. After the regiment was organized, its services were 
 offered to the Governor of the state, as part of that state's quota called for by 
 the Secretary of War. The Governor refused to accept the regiment, as the laws 
 of Louisiana forbid a military organization of negroes. The regiment was then 
 offered to the President of the United States, who had already appointed Col. 
 Charles J. Crane to organize a regiment in the states of Louisiana and Te.xas. 
 When Colonel Crane went to New Orleans to organize the 9th U. S. V. Infantry, 
 Dr. Brown was among the first to be appointed a first lieutenant, and was 
 assigned to duty with Co. "D." 
 
 During the labor strike in New Orleans in 1S95, when the colored screwsmen 
 and longshoremen were driven from the wharf by a mob of white hoodlums, and 
 their tools thrown into the Mississippi river, Dr. Brown was among the first of 
 his race to offer his services to the laboring men of that city. He gave them the 
 use of his office, which was near the Cotton Exchange, and acted as secretary of 
 the joint conference committees that were selected by the colored and white 
 organizations to settle the labor trouble. At that time fighting was going on 
 continuously, and the cowards made it a point to shoot at every colored man 
 that came in range of their guns. Carey, Allen & Co., two of the most promi- 
 nent colored labor leaders in the city, organized a stevedore firm, and signed a 
 contract with M. J. Saunders, agent of the West India Steamship Company, to 
 load and unload all the ships of that line. When the first ship, the William 
 Cliffe, came into port, and the men went to Southport to see to the unloading of 
 their tools, which they had secured from Mobile, Ala., they were surrounded by 
 over 500 men, who were in ambush, who began firing upon the men with Win- 
 chester rifles, killing and wounding a great many. Among the many wounded 
 was H. H. Carey, the senior partner of the colored stevedore firm. Carey was 
 deserted by most of his comrades, who were unarmed, and not prepared to meet 
 such a body of armed foes. Carey, single-handed and alone, stood off the entire 
 mob and sent many of the hoodlums to their last resting place. Dr. Brow^n took 
 up the fight that had been started by Carey, and, with the colored screwsmen and 
 longshoremen, loaded the first ship that was loaded during the entire labor 
 troubles. It is needless to say that it required a man that had no fear of his 
 personal safety to undertake such a dangerous task. But, loving his people, he 
 was willing to sacrifice his life in their behalf To-day the laboring men of his 
 race are enjoying the fruits of his daring. 
 
 Lieutenant Brown is among the most efficient lieutenants of the regiment. He 
 
Thomas C. Butler, Second Lieutenant, Co. D. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 31 
 
 was peculiarly fortunate in being- in temporary command of the second battalion at 
 the time of the official inspection by Gen. C. J. Breckenbridge, U. S. A. That officer 
 said that he had long desired to see a battalion or regiment officered by colored 
 officers. The battalion was drilled by the lieutenant in the school of the battal- 
 ion with so great efficiency, and passed in review with so perfect cadence, that it 
 won for its young officer and itself the respect and high laudation of this veteran 
 of two wars. 
 
 • • • 
 
 THOMAS C. BUTLER. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch. Second Lieutenant Thomas C. Butler, was born 
 in the city of Baltimore. He left home when quite young, and attended 
 school at the St. Mary College for priests, in Annapolis, Maryland, under the 
 most austere and religious of teachers, "Jesuit priests." At an early age he 
 became a sailor, and followed the sea until 18S7, when, after being shipwrecked 
 on Cape Hatteras, N. C, he joined the now famous 9th U. S. Regular Cav- 
 alry, colored. The Lieutenant speaks with undiguised but pardonable pride 
 of the part his regiment took during the Sioux campaign of 1890-91. He was 
 then a non-commissioned officer of Troop D of that regiment, which company 
 was "rear guard" during the night the regiment made the forced march from 
 Harney Springs to Pine Ridge Agency, to be engaged ne.xt morning, December 
 30, 1890, and had not brought in their lost when, on the same day, in the even- 
 ing, they were ordered to the rescue from probable annihilation the gallant 
 but unlucky 7th U. S. Regular Cavalry. 
 
 During the Spanish-American war he served his country as private in Com- 
 pany H, 25tli U. S. Infantry, which made the famous charge against the stone fort 
 at El Caney. The Ai'iny and Naz>y Journal of October 22, 1S98, says : " He and 
 another man, on their own responsibility, quietly worked their way in front of the 
 general line, and captured the Spanish flag," for which brave act he was appointed 
 a second lieutenant in the 9th U. S. Y. Infantry. 
 
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John Farrell, First Sergeant, Co. E. 
 
 A born soldier and an excellent ofticer. Upon the efficiency ot the 
 First Sergeant the strength of a company depends. 
 
Second Battalion 
 
 MAJOR D. B. HARRISON COMMANDING. 
 
 EDWARD WILLIAMS. 
 
 E TOWARD WILLIAMS, First Lieutenant 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, 
 was born in Centerville, Hickman county, Tenn. He enlisted for service 
 in the 24th Infantry, U. S. A., on January 19, 1S76. He served continuously 
 in that regiment as a private, corporal, sergeant and first sergeant until October 
 26, 1898, on which date he was appointed to a first lieutenancy in the 9th V . S. 
 Volunteer Infantry, which commission he accepted. At the time of his appointment 
 as first lieutenant, he was first sergeant of Co. L, 24th Infantry. He was appointed 
 to the first lieutenancy of Co. E, 9th United States Volunteer Infantn,-, and assumed 
 the command of that company on December 6, 1898 (the captain being absent on 
 sick leave), per Special Order No. in, headquarters of the 9th United States 
 Volunteer Infantrj', at camp near San Luis, Cuba. He was in the engagements of 
 the Fifth Army Corps, and served in Cuba from June 25 to July 15, 1898. His 
 continuous service in the United States Army has embraced twenty-three years, 
 si.x months and twelve days. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 LAFAYETTE THARP. 
 
 LAFAYETTE THAR? was born in Lafayette county, Ark. At the time of the 
 raising and mustering of the 9th Regiment United States Volunteer Infantry, 
 he was president of the C. L. M.'s Alliance, an organization of 12,000 men, 
 of New Orleans. By this position of influence, he was able and did render to the 
 organizing officer. Col. C. J. Crane, invaluable assistance, and was by him recom- 
 mended for a second lieutenancy, to which he was appointed, and assigned to Com- 
 pany E. He acted as chaplain of the regiment until the Rev. T. Walker was 
 appointed, and was then assigned to special duty. 
 
 (49) 
 
William Wilkes, First Lieutenant, Co. G. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 51 
 
 W. H. ROBINSON. 
 
 FIRST LIEUT. \V. H. ROBINSON was born in the city of New Orleans on 
 January- 24, 1S66, of a combination of Georgia and Mississippi ancestry, his 
 grandmother, Lucy Gordon, at the time of her death ( 1S80) being one of 
 the oldest citizens of the cit>- of Savannah. ha\-ing spent a while under Governor 
 Oglethorpe's administration as British Governor of the colonies. He received the 
 greater portion of his education in the public schools of the dty, and partially 
 completed the same at the Straight University- (an institution founded by the 
 American Congregational Society- for the education of the colored race in Louisiana') . 
 He has held several positions of trust. Upon the organization of the gth United 
 States Volunteers, he joined as a second lieutenant, coming to Cuba and sharing the 
 fate of the bo\-s at San Juan Hill, having had a spell of yellow fever for twenty-one 
 days, and expected at one time to be left to sleep the sleep that knows no waking. 
 Recovering, he reioined his command, which had moved up to San Luis, a moun- 
 tain town. On October 15. First Lieutenant Charles \V. Filhnore resigned and 
 left Second Lieutenant Robinson in command of the company, he being the only 
 officer with the command. Captain Patrick having resigned at Camp Corbin. betore 
 leaving New Orleans. He served as commander of the company until the arrival 
 of Capt. Edw. B. Markley, deceased, son of Major Markley. of San Juan Hill 
 fame, who commanded a battalion of the Twenty-fourth Infantry. He served as 
 assistant regimental quartermaster, and was appointed regimental treasurer by Col. 
 Chas. J. Crane. He removed with a detachment to Songo, another town higher 
 up in the mountains, and was appointed detachment quartermaster and assistant 
 commissary- sergeant. Wliile thus serving, he was promoted to the position of 
 first lieutenant. April 13, 1S99. through the recommendation of Colonel Crane. 
 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 WILLIAM WILKES. 
 
 WILL1A3I WTLKES was bora in Columbia. Maury^ county, Tenn., June 29. 
 1S56. He enUsted January 10, 1S76, at Nashville, Tenn., and from there 
 was sent to Columbus Barracks, Ohio, and later to Fort Duncan, Texas, 
 a small army post, where he was assigned to Company F, 24th Infantry. March 31, 
 1S76. He was appointed corporal August i. 1S76, and sergeant January- i, 1S77. 
 The regiment changed stations from Te.xas to Indian Territory November, iSSo. 
 He was discharged January 9, 1881, at the cantonment at North Fork, Canadian 
 River, Indian Territory. He reenlisted at St. Louis. Mo., February 4, iSSi. was 
 assigned to the 9th Cavalry, and joined Troop L March 24, iSSi, at Fort Bliss. 
 Texas. From May 20 to November he was in the tield in New ^Mexico, scouting 
 for Indians. The regiment changed stations December. iSSi. to Fort Riley. Kansas, 
 
52 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 where he saw field service in Colorado in 1S82. He was appointed corporal 
 August 7, 1883, and saw field service in tiie Indian Territory. The regiment left 
 Fort Riley June 13, 1885, on an overland march through Kansas and Nebraska, 
 arriving at Fort McKinney, Wyoming, August 19, 1SS5. Appointed sergeant 
 December 2, 1885. Discharged February 3, 1S86. Reenlisted at Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, February 26, 1886, for Company F, 24th Infantry. Appointed sergeant 
 May 7, 1886. Changed stations from Fort Elliott, Te.xas, to Fort Bayard, New 
 Mexico, June, 1888. Discharged at Fort Bayard February 25, 1891. Reenlisted at 
 Fort Bayard February 26, 1891. Discharged at Fort Bayard February 25, 1896. 
 Reenlisted at Fort Bayard February 26, 1896. Changed, station to Fort Douglas. 
 Utah, October, 1896. Left this post April 20, 1898, for Chickamauga Park, Georgia, 
 Left there for Tampa, Fla., April 30. Tiie regiment, receiving orders about June 
 7 to embark for Cuba, boarded the transport City of Washington at Tampa, and 
 a few days later sailed for Cuba, arriving at Santiago about June 21, and debarking 
 at Sibony, June 25. In the battles at San Juan, Cuba, from July i to July 14, the 
 officers of Company F were both wounded in the early part of the first day's fight. 
 William Rainey, first sergeant of the company, bravely conducted the company to 
 the top of San Juan Hill, aided by the other non-commissioned officers. July 14 
 the regiment was ordered back to Siboney, to act as nurses at the fever hospital. 
 August 3, Lieutenant Wilkes took the fever, left the Island August 25 for the 
 United States, debarked at Montauk Point, L. I., September 3, and from there 
 went to Fort Douglas, Utah. He was appointed first lieutenant of the 9th United 
 States Volunteer Infantry October 24, 1898, and joined the regiment December 7, 
 1898, in camp near San Luis, Cuba. 
 
 • * • 
 
 • 
 
 WALLACE D. SEALS. 
 
 SECOND LIEUT. WALLACE D. SEALS was born in Cherokee, Cherokee 
 county, Texas, December 5, 1862. Shortly after was conveyed to a little 
 town called Cedar Bayou. After six years had passed his parents became 
 convinced, from the flying bullets of the so-called Ku-Klux, that it was time to 
 find a new hiding place, Galveston being their choice. Sacrifice sales were 
 made of both land and stock. Then, in company with other families, they made 
 their escape by night on l)oard the schooner Hard Times. After a night and 
 day's sail they reached Galveston, where they located. After the death of his 
 father, he entered the employ of the G. C. and S. F. R. R., where he served 
 fifteen years in the freight department. During that time he joined a military 
 company known as the "Lincoln Guards," of Galveston. Soon be became the 
 best in the company in drill, a fact which was tested by a drill for a gold medal. 
 Shortly after he was appointed' first sergeant, in which capacity he served four 
 years. He was then elected second lieutenant. After the expiration of his com- 
 mission he was asked to accept the captaincy of the company, but his work 
 would not allow it. Being a member of tiie Cotton Jammers and Longslioremen's 
 
Wallace D. Seals, Second Lieutenant, Co. G. 
 (Resigned, April, '99.) 
 
H. Hkk.max Blunt, First Lieutenant, Co. H. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 55 
 
 Association, he was forced to quit the G. C. and S. F. R. R. to jam cotton. 
 Shortly afterward he was appointed cotton clerk. The next season the associa- 
 tion received a new line of ships, when he was elected cotton clerk and paymas- 
 ter, with a pay-roll of thirty and forty dollars per week. He remained in this 
 business until he joined the army for the Spanish-American war. In June his 
 company, known as the " Hawley Rifles," left Galveston to join the regiment at 
 New Orleans. On the 17th day of August tlie regiment boarded the steamship 
 Berlin for Cuba. After a five days' voyage the Berlin anchored in the harbor of 
 Santiago. On the evening of the 23d the troops disembarked and marched to 
 San Juan Hill, where they camped in the road that night and climbed the hill 
 nsxt moraing. In about two weeks nearly the entire regiment was taken sick. 
 This was a distressful time, men sickening and dying rapidly. The regiment put 
 in eight hard months in Cuba and lost a large number of men, including two 
 lieutenants and one captain. 
 
 Lieutenant Seals is of the opinion that Americans can endure the climate of 
 Cuba, provided they are not overzealous in work and drill. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 H. HERMAN BLUNT. 
 
 PROMINENT among the brave soldier boys who have had the distinction of 
 representing the African race in the late unpleasantness with Spain, few of 
 those who have gone bravely to the front are so deserving of most respect- 
 ful mention as the subject of this sketch. It argues little whether a man who has 
 voluntarily enlisted in defense of his country sees active service or not. The fact 
 that he offers himself a willing sacrifice should the necessity demand, fully entitles 
 him to a share of whatever glory attaches to the arms of his country. But it is to 
 be doubted whether active service in the field requires more heroism than garrison 
 duty in such a plague-stricken country as Cuba, where Lieutenant Blunt' s regi- 
 ment was stationed. 
 
 Aside from any hero warship, it is a double pleasure to contemplate one who 
 combines so many excellent qualities for a place of authority in the service as 
 Lieut. H. Herman Blunt. Col. Charles J. Crane says of liim that he was one of the 
 best officers in his regiment. But those who know him best need no evidence to 
 convince them that he does nothing but what he makes it harder for somebody 
 else to give satisfaction at the same job. Lieutenant Blunt can feel well and justly 
 assured of the admiration of every loyal American by reason of the high post of 
 honor which he occupied in the war with Spain, and the splendid manner in which 
 he executed the trust. 
 
 Lieutenant Blunt enjoys the distinction of being the only colored officer as- 
 signed to command a military post, among the many assignments made by Col. 
 
Stephen G. Starr, Second Lieutenant, Co. H. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 57 
 
 Charles J. Crane; viz., Cristo, Cuba. On account of the efficiency developed he 
 was placed in command of Co. E, to straighten out its affairs, which was done 
 very creditably. Later, the captain of Co. H being absent, he was assigned to 
 command the company, and prepared it for the muster out, at Canip Meade, 
 near Middletown, Penna. Cool, suave, courageous and discreet, he adroitly accom- 
 plished that which many considered impracticable, and bridged over difficulties 
 which seemed impossible to others, thus evincing administrative abilities of a high 
 order. Lieutenant Blunt's record thus far gives promise of a career highly bene- 
 ficial to his people and honorable to himself as well as the race he represents. 
 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 STEPHEN GALVESTON STARR. 
 
 STEPHEN G. STARR was born Feb. 5, 1845, in the Republic of Mexico, in 
 the city of Buena \'ista, of African and Mexican parentage. From the 
 age of 10 to 16 years he served as a sheep herder and cowboy. He came 
 to the United States in 1S63, and enlisted in the Federal army Dec. 9, 1864, and 
 was assigned to the 65th Volunteer Infantry Dec. 12, 1864. Went to the front 
 with his regiment Dec. 20 ; was in action Dec. 27 ; wounded in the battle of 
 Port Hudson, Dec. 29; discharged Sept. 14, 1865. Reenlisted in tlie 41st Reg- 
 ular Infantry Jan. 7, 1867 ; discharged Jan. 6, 1870. Reenlisted in the 24th In- 
 fantry July 16, 1870; discharged July 15, 1S75. Reenlisted Sept. 20, 1877; dis- 
 charged Sept. 19, 1882. Reenlisted Oct. 16, 1882; discharged Oct. 15, 1887. 
 Reenlisted in the General Service, Detachment of Messengers, in 1887 ; discharged 
 Oct. 15, 1S92. Reenlisted in General Service, Detachment of Messengers, Oct. 16, 
 1892 ; discharged by an Act of Congress Aug. 6, 1894. Reenlisted in the 24th 
 Infantry Nov. 5, 1S94 ; discharged Nov. 4, 1897. Reenlisted Nov. 5, 1S97 ; went to 
 the front with the 24th Infantry ; was in action at San Juan Hill July ist, 2nd and 
 3rd; ordered to the United States Aug. 25, 1898. Received a commission as second 
 lieutenant Nov. 28, 1898. He has served in all the grades of a non-commissioned 
 officer in the 65th, 41st and 24th Infantry, General Service, Detachment of Messen- 
 gers, Tenth Cavalry, and 9th United States Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 He has seen service all over the south and northwest ; he has taken part in 
 all the Indian wars in the United States from 1868 to 1885. There is but one 
 court-martial recorded against him in all of his service. As for education, he has 
 but little, his only opportunity being a i")Ost school. 
 
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HoBSON Trek, and Graves of Men of qth U. S. \'. I. at Sax Juan. 
 
 Arsenal where Lieutenant Hobson was first imprisoned. Later 
 USED as a General Hospital for American Soldiers. 
 
Third Battalion 
 
 MAJOR ARMAND G. ROMAIN COMMANDING. 
 
 CLARON A. WINDUS. 
 
 CAPTAIN WINDUS was born January lo, 1S50, at Janesville, Wisconsin, 
 enlisted as drummer in the 5th Wisconsin Infantry in July, 1862, and was 
 sent to the rear in August, 1862, because of being too small and young. 
 He afterward served five years in the 6th U. S. Cavalry, and was honorably dis- 
 charged October 12, 1871, with a medal of honor for meritorious conduct in fight- 
 ing the Indians. He lias lived in Texas since that time — twenty-five years at Fort 
 Clark, and still resides there. He was assigned to command of the Ferguson 
 Rifles, of Houston, Texas, on June 25, 1898, joined the 9th regiment at New Orleans, 
 and was mustered into the U. S. volunteer service July i, 1898. The regiment 
 left New Orleans for Santiago de Cuba August 17, and landed on the 23d of 
 August, 1S98. Captain Windus was taken ill September 6 with yellow fever, and 
 returned to duty September 20, 1898, having fully recovered from the fever, and 
 has since been in the enjoyment of excellent health. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 ADOLPHE J. WAKEFIELD. 
 
 ADOLPHE J. WAKEFIELD was born in New Iberia, La., the son of Hon. 
 Samuel Wakefield and Mrs. Amelia Wakefield. He was educated at 
 Straight L'niversity, New Orleans, La. His father was one of the famous 
 "Old Guard" 306, who went down at Chicago with ex-President Grant, in the 
 Republican National Convention of 1880. 
 
 Lieutenant Wakefield was elected clerk of the District Court in and for the 
 Twenty-first Judicial District of Louisiana, and held a number of positions in the 
 New Orleans Custom House, and has been in business, off and on, the better part 
 of his life. He was appointed second lieutenant by President McKinley, June 29, 
 1898, and joined the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry at New Orleans, July 3, 
 1898. His regiment was ordered to Santiago, Cuba, on the 17th of August, and 
 arrived at that point on the 22d of that month. 
 
 In February, 1899, at Santiago, his company was mounted, and was ordered 
 to suppress the bandits around San Ana and Mayari, Cuba. It was he who found 
 
 (75) 
 
R. G. Woods, Second Lieutenant, Co. L. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 77 
 
 Private Goodchaux two miles from San Ana, murdered by bandits, after which he 
 had two or three sharp fights in the mountains of San Ana, the home of the 
 bandits, in wiiich he displayed a cool courage which won him the esteem of rank 
 and file alike, and showed him to be of heroic mould. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 JACOB CLAY SMITH. 
 
 JACOB CLAY SMITH was born June 25, 1857, at Taylorsville, Kentucky. He 
 enlisted January 20, 1S80; assigned to and joined Co. "I," 24th U. S. In- 
 fantry, at Ringgold Barracks, March 16, same year; transferred to Co. 
 "F," same regiment, March 31, 1881 ; appointed corporal August 4, 1882; pro- 
 moted sergeant February 23, 1883 ; served continuously in this grade until Octo- 
 ber, 1887, when he was transferred to tiie loth U. S. Cavalry, serving in said 
 regiment as private, sergeant and regimental saddler sergeant until commissioned 
 a second lieutenant of the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, October 27, 1898; 
 joined the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry, and was assigned to Co. K 
 January i, 1898; reported for duty with said company at Cristo, Cuba, January 2, 
 1899 ; appointed quartermaster and commissary of post same day. 
 
 • 
 
 • • • 
 
 PIERRE L. CARMOUCHE. 
 
 PIERRE L. CARMOUCHE was born in the town of Donaldsonville, La., par- 
 ish of Ascension, on November 20, 1S62. He obtained a common school 
 education. At the age of 14 was a fine barber; later on he acquired much 
 of the dental profession. Becoming dissatisfied with this profession, he learned the 
 blacksmithing and farrier's trades. Young as he was, he became a skillful work- 
 man, and in course of time was the owner of the establishment where he learned 
 his trade. He has been successful in his business. He is one of the most par- 
 ticular in matters pertaining to the race, is very patriotic, believes in perfection 
 first, and elevation next. 
 
 His war or army record is quite limited, being simply that of the volunteer 
 army. Cuba libra and the success of Maceo, in Cuba, was the height of his ambi- 
 tion. On February 25, 1898, he tendered to Secretary Alger his services and that 
 of 250 colored Americans from his section of the country for the defence of his 
 country at home or abroad. In the meantime, he neglected his business in order 
 to enthuse his people and instruct them as to their duties as defenders of the 
 country. In that he succeeded, for on July, 8, 1898, he furnished a company from 
 his section, Ascension parish, for the gih U. S. V. I. On the 13th of the same 
 
Alexander V. Richardson, First Lieutenant, Co. M. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 79 
 
 month liis Company, L, was mustered into service. He was appointed one of 
 the first Heutenants of the 9th, stood by the men on San Juan Hill all through 
 the afflictions which befel them, an ordeal long to be rememl^ered, and one which 
 makes the 9th U. S. V. I. famous. 
 
 Lieutenant Carmouche is known in liis regiment to be a strict disciplinarian, 
 and much credit is due him for the condition and discipline in the 9th U. S. V. I. 
 He is much liked by his regiment. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 R. G. WOODS. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born in Starkville, Miss., March 31, 1870, and 
 was educated at the University of Holly Springs, Miss. He enlisted at 
 Memphis, Tenn., July 6, 1S89, joined the 24th United States Infantry, and was 
 assigned to Company G January 10, 1890, at San Carlos, A. T., or Indian Res- 
 ervation. He was discharged at Fort Bayard, N. M., July 5, 1894, with character 
 "excellent." He reenlisted July 23, 1894, at St. Louis, Missouri, rejoined his regi- 
 ment September 17, 1S94, was assigned to Company G, 24th Infantry, Septem- 
 ber 18, 1S94, was appointed corporal September 26, 1894, and company clerk 
 September 27, 1894. He was detailed as clerk in the Quartermaster's Department 
 July 25, 1895. Relieved from this duty, he was detailed as company clerk March i, 
 1896. Appointed sergeant and first sergeant August 27, 1896. The regiment 
 moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, October 19, 1896; remained there until ordered to 
 Chickamauga Park, Ga., April 20, 1898, where it remained from Apiil 25 to 29, 1898, 
 when ordered to Tampa, Fla , and later to Cuba. Arrived in front of Santiago 
 June 20. Disembarked at Siboney, Cuba, June 25, remained in camp till June 27, 
 when the regiment was ordered to Las Guasismas, to join the 3d Brigade, with the 
 9th, 13th, and 24th Regular Infantry, — the brigade that charged San Juan Hill, 
 July I, 1898. By virtue of rank. Lieutenant Woods' company was on the right of 
 the regiment, and, as first sergeant thereof, he was the first man on the firing line. 
 After crossing the point in the river where so many men of his brigade fell (now 
 called Bloody Ford), he was ordered by his captain (Brereton) to establish the 
 firing line, which was promptly done. The concensus of opinion is that the 
 advanced position taken by his company caused the charge up San Juan Hill to be 
 forced. Two men killed and twelve wounded, were the number lost in his com- 
 pany in this terrible combat. Lieutenant Woods, then first sergeant, was in the 
 trenches in front of Santiago from July i to 15, inclusive, and in the fierce combats 
 of July I, 2, 3, 10, and 11, 1898. On July 15, 189S, his regiment volunteered to go to 
 Siboney, Cuba, as attendants in the yellow fever hospital. At this place the whole 
 company, with the exception of Sergeants J. T. Williams, W. H. Carroll, Private 
 Samuel Bradshaw, and himself, were stricken down with this plague. At this place 
 the regiment remained for forty days, laboring under adverse circumstances and 
 seemingly forgotten, toiling with the sick and wounded, losing about one-fifth of 
 the regiment. Finally relief came. The 3d Immunes and the 24th Infantry were 
 ordered to proceed to Montauk Point, L. I., at which place they remained until 
 September 23, 1898, when they were ordered back to their old station, Fort Doug- 
 las, Utah. During this campaign Lieutenant Woods, then first sergeant, conducted 
 
W. A. PiNCHBACK, Second Lieutenant, Co. M. 
 

 > 
 
 Noah H. Johxsox, First Sergeant, Co. M. 
 
82 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 himself so as to win the respect of his superior officers, and in three weeks after 
 arriving at Fort Douglas he was rewarded for his faithful services by an appoint- 
 ment as second lieutenant in the 9th United States Volunteer Infantry (Immunes). 
 On November 5, 1S98, he proceeded to Santiago to join his regiment, which was 
 at San Luis, Cuba. On December 28 he was ordered to Songo, Cuba, at which 
 place he was appointed adjutant of the 3d battalion, which position he held with 
 satisfaction and credit. 
 
 Lieutenant Woods was the youngest first sergeant in the 24th Infantry. In his 
 capacity as battalion adjutant, the office and its ve.xatious work were so well con- 
 ducted that the commanding officer of his battalion, and other officers, compli- 
 mented him for his thorough knowledge of the regulations and the forms govern- 
 ing army matters. 
 
 • • • 
 
 • 
 
 ALEXANDER VICTORIA RICHARDSON. 
 
 ALEXANDER VICTORIA RICHARDSON, First Lieutenant Co. M, 9th 
 United States Volunteer Infantry, was born in or near Gallatin, Tenn., 
 December 13, 1858, received in all about six months' schooling, left home 
 at the age of 16 years, enlisted in the regular army March 10, 1876, was appointed 
 corporal May i, 1877, sergeant July 28, 1880, first sergeant May 31, 1889. This 
 position he held until his appointment as first lieutenant 9th United States 
 Volunteer Infantry, October 26, 1898. He was 21 years and 10 months a non-com- 
 missioned officer in Co. B, 24th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 • 
 * • • 
 
 • 
 
 WALTER A. PINCHBACK. 
 
 WALTER A. PINCHBACK, the youngest son of ex-Gov. P. B. S. Pinchback, 
 was born in New Orleans, La., October 21, 1871. He attended " Southern " 
 and "Columbia" Universities, in New Orleans. In 1889 he went to Ando- 
 ver, Mass., where he finished his education in 1891, and went to Washington, D. C, 
 where he was appointed to a clerkship in the Recorder's Office, which position he 
 resigned in July, 189S, to accept an appointment as a lieutenant in the 9th United 
 States Volunteer Infantry. In July, 1898, he joined his regiment at New Orleans, and 
 was assigned to Co. " M." During his stay in Cuba he suffered much from illness, and 
 after being confined in the general military hospital at Santiago, where he was 
 placed in what was known as the "dangerous ward," obtained a sick leave and 
 returned to the United States, where he remained two months. Upon the recovery 
 of his health, he returned to Songo, Cuba, where upon arrival he was made post 
 adjutant, and remained such until his regiment left for home. He was an honest 
 and faithful officer. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 83 
 
 NOAH H. JOHNSON. 
 
 NOAH H. JOHNSON, First Sergeant of Co. :M, is an efficient non-commis- 
 sioned officer. He was most useful in recruiting the regiment, having 
 recruited Co. M, and has been faithful in the discharge of the exacting 
 duties of his important position. He apparently comes from a patriotic family, 
 two of his brothers having served during the war of the rebellion. 
 
 • 
 • • • 
 
 ARTHUR V. HARANGUE. 
 
 ARTHUR V. HARANGUE, First Lieutenant Co. K, was born at New Orleans, 
 November 19, 1869. He attended Straight University, after which he entered 
 the government employ, and later that of a prominent commercial house. He 
 was assigned to Co. K, and has been faithful in the discharge of the duties of his 
 office. He takes peculiar pleasure in the fact that he has been faithful to his govern- 
 ment and yet has retained tlie confidence and love of the men of his company. 
 
 City of Songo— Garrisoned by Cos. H., L. and M., 9th U. S. V. I. 
 
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L. J Baknktt, First Lieutenant, Co. E 
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Necrology 
 
 Band 
 
 DANIEL IRVIN 
 
 ^ 
 
 Company A 
 
 JOHN DAVIS 
 SPENCER WHITE 
 
 Company B 
 
 MARTIN CHRISTIAN 
 CHARLES H. JACKSON 
 LEWIS BUTLER 
 JAMES GARDENER 
 GEORGE JOHNSON 
 WILLIAM LEWIS 
 ARTHUR VEAZIE 
 JOSEPH BUCHANAN 
 
 Company C 
 
 JOSEPH NARCISSE 
 WILLIAM BOYD 
 JOSEPH MORRIS 
 PLACIDE JESSAMINE 
 THOMAS ROBINSON 
 MITCHELL FLOWERS 
 i?ARTHOLOMEW DAVIS 
 WILLIE CLARK 
 
 Company D 
 
 ADOLPH ROBINSON 
 JAMES DAVIS 
 GEORGE DAVIS 
 WILLIAM GARRETT 
 JOSEPH MOSELY 
 
 WILLIAM POWELL 
 PHILIP BOISWAIL 
 PAUL VINCENT 
 ROBERT H. DOWNS 
 
 ALEXANDER PULL AN 
 
 Company E 
 
 ANDREW GOTTSCHALT 
 LEWIS JONES 
 HENRY JOHNSON 
 ROBERT SPARKS 
 GEORGE STEVENS 
 
 VICTOR MILLER 
 ROBERT COOPER 
 JAMES R. BANKS 
 LIEUT. L. J. BARNETT 
 FERDINAND BERMUDY 
 
 (lOl) 
 
Necrology 
 
 Cp 
 
 Company F 
 
 JOSEPH HOLMES 
 CHARLES SIMMOND 
 DENNIS ALEXANDER 
 
 Company G 
 
 CHARLES W. AUGUSTAN 
 SAMUEL DUKE 
 WILLL\M MOXIE 
 
 Company H 
 
 JAMES H. BROWN STERLING HENDERSON 
 
 ARTHUR GRIFFIN JOSEPH TAYLOR 
 
 ARTHUR GOODRICH 
 
 Company I 
 
 JOHN WILSON 
 
 P. H. WASHINGTON 
 
 ED. HARRIS 
 
 JOE WILLIAMS 
 WILLIAM CLARK 
 CORNELIUS ALEXANDER 
 
 AUSTIN DUNBAR 
 
 Company K 
 
 WILLIAM FREDERICK JOHN LAWSON 
 
 LOUIS CLARK 
 
 Company L 
 
 JOSEPH AYO 
 LEWIS E. RANDOLPH 
 ALPHONSE ARCHIDORE 
 DAVID AUGUSTINE 
 ALBERT RICHARDSON 
 GROME BILLARASO 
 ALEXANDER WILSON 
 WILLIAM LAWSON 
 
 Company M 
 
 WALTER BOSWELLS 
 ARTHUR SMITH 
 WILLIAM DELAHAUNT 
 JOHN THOMAS 
 CHARLES W. KINGSTON 
 WALTER VERRETT 
 
 (102) 
 
Groui" of Spanish Army Officers, Santiago. 
 
 Spanish Bull Fight, Santiago. 
 
Gf:xeral ;\Iace(), thi-: Cuhan Leader, 
 
 Surprised and treacherously killed by ?p_itiiards in 189S. 
 
The People of Cuba. 
 
 6h 
 
 HE CUBAN PEOPLE have been variously described 
 by different writers, each of whom, it is to be pre- 
 sumed, has written of them as observed and met. 
 They have, with hardly an exception, described 
 them as ingrates, dishonest, dissolute of character, 
 and altogether a reprobate and degenerate people. 
 After months of familiar, if not intimate, association 
 with the people of Cuba. I cannot subscribe to the 
 above, to me. wanton and groundless sentiment. I have found them, 
 fortunately with hardly an exception, honoral^le, grateful, though in 
 the most abjectly impoverished condition. True, I have found no 
 one who has intimated a desire to prostrate himself before an Amer- 
 ican, nor any who has offered to kiss his hand. They recognize their 
 poverty, and when this condition is referred to. simply say it is not 
 a dishonor. Their schacks, or houses, a picture of which is given, will 
 illustrate their de- 
 plorable condition. 
 No monument of 
 stone or of gold can 
 display the quality 
 of their courage or 
 the virtue of their 
 females. These ma}' 
 be robbed of their 
 chastit}'. but the 
 pain of hunger, the 
 shame of nudity, 
 and the want of 
 shelter, have failed 
 to cause them to 
 prostitute the m - 
 selves, as has the 
 seductive present- 
 ments of the hither::o all-purchasing American gold. To rob these 
 virgin sisters of Eve, there must be brought into action the most 
 beastial power of the profligate. There are no "tenderloin" districts 
 in San Juan. Ponce, Porto Rico. San Luis, Havana, Santiago, or 
 
 A T\ ru 
 
 *, l:i'.an D\\ki.i.in<;. 
 
 (105) 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 107 
 
 the other cities of Cuba, where will be found the daughters of Cuba. 
 To what is this most remarkable distinguishing feature to be traced ? 
 Surely not to the civil policy 
 of Spain, in its wanton treat- 
 ment of its colonies. Is it 
 due to the polity of the 
 Roman Church ? If so, it is 
 an honor which must secure 
 to it the lasting admiration 
 of the moral and religious 
 world. 
 
 In large, if not predomi- 
 nating numbers, the Cubans 
 are African-Spanish. They 
 differ from the African-Amer- 
 ican only in the quality of 
 their courage. They would 
 never submit to the abuses 
 with which the African-Amer- 
 ican is so familiar. Recog- 
 nizing their common mongrel 
 origin and their common des- 
 tiny, they neither encourage 
 nor will they tolerate invid- 
 ious distinctions among them- 
 selves, as we have them in 
 our country. They are being 
 transplanted, and, as a seed. 
 they are seeking a place of 
 growth. But the soil is Amer- 
 ican, and the new growth is 
 repugnant to the rich and 
 poor, and is being choked 
 out by the wholesome and 
 just sentiment of this peo- 
 ple, who have lived centuries 
 together, have enjoyed all 
 civil privileges in common, 
 have suffered together the 
 onerous exactions of their 
 parent country, and have alike 
 fought for Cuba libre. It remains to simply express the wish that 
 they may find peace, security and helpful consideration in and by 
 
 Effect of Bullets ox Palm Tree 
 NEAR San Juan. 
 
io8 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 •our government, which has come to them as the highest and best 
 -expression of the love of Him who shapes the destiny of a nation 
 not less than He does that of an individual. 
 
 The Cuban climate is not malignant. Nor is it unhealth}' to those 
 who have studied and adapted themselves to it. I remember of hav- 
 ing read somewhere of the malignity of the climatic conditions which 
 existed in this country, where now the most healthy people dwell. 
 They have studied the climate, and instituted such sanitary improve- 
 
 A Ci.'B>,.N Family. 
 
 ments as to secure life in the enjoyment of the most complete health 
 and longevit}'. 
 
 The soil of Cuba is rich, and produces fruits of various kinds. 
 The rivers are numerous, and the water clear as cr3'stal. Indeed, 
 the country has such a wealth of natural resources as require only 
 the touch of modern life, energy, genius and methods to have it to 
 assume at once an increasingly growing prominence among the 
 nations, and prove to the world the wonderful riches which an All- 
 provident Father has reserved for His children of all races in the 
 clime where, in His providence, He has permitted them to settle. 
 
 The relatively small population of Cuba affords an opportunity to 
 Afro - x\mericans for emigration which will assist materially in solv- 
 ing the American race question. The island's vast uncultivated fields ; 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 log 
 
 STKHiir \'ii:w IN Pai.ma. 
 
 its unimproved water- 
 ways ; its unbuilt rail- 
 roads : indeed, its 
 needs of labor of all 
 kinds, skilled and un- 
 skilled, which are al- 
 most incalculable, af- 
 ford an opportunity for 
 service that will not 
 again present itself to 
 the same generation. 
 It needs all of our 
 institutions for the 
 making of a higher 
 civilization — churches, 
 schools, asylums, and 
 penal institutions. It 
 needs, therefore, per- 
 sons of all professions 
 a n d trades. It is 
 thought that the Afro-American can in large degree supply these de- 
 mands — supply them b\' honest labor upon the farm and in the 
 mine : in the church and in the school : in the construction of 
 
 water-ways, and the 
 building of railroads. 
 He would find hap- 
 piness in his labor, 
 and protection in an 
 ever - increasing de- 
 mand assured by the 
 never-ceasing pro- 
 gression of advanc- 
 ing civilization. 
 
 It is not an easy 
 duty that devolves 
 upon our civilization. 
 It will measure its 
 asserted capacity; but 
 the Father of nations,- 
 the portrait of whose 
 son is photographed 
 on our national pur- 
 pose, will not with- 
 hold from it the re- 
 quired strength. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^^y^te 
 
 'L. 
 
 
 
 L^ '' 
 
 
 8 
 
 ^ 
 
 / / 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Cuban Schack and Cocoamt Trees. 
 
.MoRRO Casti.e, from the Ocean. 
 The picture shows the effects of bombardment by Schley. 
 
MoRRO Castle — Entrance to Bav of Santiago. 
 
 Intkkior of Morro Castle. 
 
San Ji'AX Hill — Santiago in distance. 
 
 San J IAN Hill, 
 
 Spanish Irene lies, and graves of American sokiicrs: 9th and loth Ca\alry, 24th and 
 25th Infantry (tlie latter colored), 2d Mass., Rough Riders, and 71st X. \'. 
 
The Nation s Tribute 
 
 TO ITS VALOROUS DEAD WHO DIED UPON 
 SPANISH TERRITORY DEFENDING ITS FLAG. 
 
 General Orders HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY, 
 
 No. 60. Adjutant General's Office, 
 
 Washington, April j, iSgg. 
 
 I. The following order of the President is published for the information of 
 
 all concerned : 
 
 Executive Mansion, April j, /Sgg. 
 
 It is fitting that, in behalf of the Nation, tributes of honor be paid to the 
 memories of the noble men who lost their lives in their country's service during 
 the late war with Spain. It is the more fitting inasmuch as, in consonance with 
 the spirit of our free institutions and in obedience to the most exalted prompt- 
 ings of patriotism, those who were sent to other shores to do battle for their 
 country's honor, under their country's flag, went freely from every quarter of our 
 beloved land. Each soldier, each sailor, parting from home ties and putting 
 behind him private interests in the presence of the stern emergency of unsought 
 war with an alien foe, was an individual type of that devotion of the citizen to 
 the State which makes our Nation strong in unity and in action. 
 
 Those who died in another land left in many homes the undying memories 
 that attend the heroic dead of all ages. It was fitting that with the advent of 
 peace, won by their sacrifice, their bodies should be gathered with tender care 
 and restored to home and kindred. This has been done with the dead of Cuba 
 and Porto Rico. Those of the Philippines still rest where they fell, watched over 
 by their surviving comrades, and crowned with the love of a grateful Nation. 
 
 The remains of many brought to our shores have been delivered to their 
 families for private burial. But for others of the brave officers and men who 
 perished there has been reserved interment in ground sacred to the soldiers and 
 sailors, amid the tributes of military honor and national mourning they have so 
 well deserved. 
 
 I therefore order that, upon the arrival of the cortege at the National Ceme- 
 tery at Arlington, all proper military and naval honors be paid to the dead 
 
 (113) 
 
114 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 heroes ; that suitable ceremonies shall attend their interment ; that the customary 
 
 salute of mourning be fired at the cemetery ; and that on the same day at 2 
 
 o'clock p. -M., Thursday, the 6th day of April, the National Ensign be displayed at 
 
 half staff on all public buildings, forts, camps, and public vessels of the United 
 
 States; and that at 2 o'clock noon of said day all the departments of the 
 
 Government at Washington shall be closed. 
 
 William McKinlev. 
 
 II. The following order from the War Dapartment is published for the 
 information and guidance of all concerned : 
 
 War Department, Washington, April j, i8gg. 
 
 The remains of officers and soldiers who lost their lives in the war with 
 
 .Spain during the operations in Cuba and Porto Rico will be interred, with due 
 
 and fitting ceremonies, in the National Cemetery at Arlington, Va., on Thursday, 
 
 April 6. at 2 p, jl By direction of the President, all of the United States troops 
 
 serving in the vicinity of Washington, together with the National Guard of the 
 
 District of Columbia, will be assembled at Arlington on the date in question, to 
 
 participate in the funeral ceremonies. 
 
 G. D. Meiklejohn, 
 
 Acting Secretary of War. 
 By Com>l\nd of Major General Miles : 
 
 h. c. corbin, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 Town of El Cubrk, Cuba. 
 GErrisoned by Cos. .A. and C, gtli L'. S. V. I. 
 
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Chronological History, 
 
 HAPPENINGS OF IMPORTANCE IN THE WAR 
 BET-WEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SPAIN. 
 
 February 15 — Battleship Maine, U. S. Navy, destroyed in tiie harbor of Havana, 
 
 with 248 of her officers and crew. 
 February 21 — Naval Court of Inquiry opened in harbor of Havana. 
 March 5 — Both branches of the military being prepared for service. 
 March 7 — The Montgomery ordered to Havana. 
 
 March 27 — Board of Inquiry declares that the Maine was destroyed by external 
 agencies. 
 
 April ii — President McKinley sends his message to Congress, advising armed 
 intervention in Cuba. 
 
 April 13 — House adopts Cuban resolution, directing the President to intervene. 
 
 April 14 — Troops ordered to southern ports. 
 
 April 20 — President's ultimatum sent to Spain. Spain expected to refuse. Span- 
 ish minister given his passports. 
 
 April 21 — Minister Woodford given his passports by Spain. 
 
 April 22 — North American squadron begins blockade of Cuba. United States 
 gunboat Nashville captures freighter Buena Ventura, the first prize of the war. 
 
 April 23 — Blockade of Havana begun. President makes first call for 125,000 
 troops. 
 
 April 25 — War formally declared by Congress. Asiatic squadron leaves Hong 
 Kong to attack Manila. 
 
 April 27 — First fight of the war. Bombardment of tiie Matanzas forts. 
 
 May I — Dewey's victory. Destroys Admiral Montijo's fleet at Manila. Sinks 11 
 Spanish ships. 
 
 May 5 — Sampson leaves for Porto Rico. 
 
 May II — Cruiser Wilmington and torpedo-boat Winslow, in an attempt to silence 
 the batteries at Cardenas, are repulsed. Ensign Worth Bagley, of North Caro- 
 lina, and four seamen, attached to the Winslow, were killed by the bursting of 
 a shell. .Senate confirms nomination of Dewey to be a rear-admiral. 
 
 May 12 — Americans fail to land troops at Cienfuegos. 
 
 May 13 — North Atlantic squadron bombards San Juan. American troops land 
 near Cabanas, Cuba. Commodore Schley, with flying squadron, sails from 
 Old Point. 
 
 May 14 — Steamer Gussie fails in an attempt to land troops and supplies in Cuba. 
 First land fight. 
 
 May 17 — Cervera's fleet reported oft Venezuela. 
 
 May 19 — Cervera's fleet enters harbor of Santiago. 
 
 (117) 
 
Town of El Caney. 
 
 Church at El Caney. 
 
BUOCKHOUSE AT El CANEY. 
 
 Inside Blockhouse at El Canev. 
 
I20 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 May 25 — The President calls for 75,000 additional volunteers. 
 
 May 31 — Commodore Schley bombards the forts at the entrance of Santiago harbor. 
 
 Tu.vE 3 — Lieutenant Hobson and crew of seven heroes sink collier Merrimac in 
 channel of Santiago harbor to prevent possible escape of Cervera's fleet. 
 
 June 4 — Cervera sends flag of truce to Admiral Sampson, announcing the safety 
 of Lieutenant Hobson and crew, and complimenting them on their heroism. 
 
 June 5 — Americans land near Santiago. 
 
 Tune 6 — Santiago forts bombarded and Reina Mercedes sunk. 
 
 17TH AND 25TH Infantry (colored) Storminc; Blockhouse 
 AT El Caney, July i, 1S98. 
 
 June 7 — Haitian cable cut by expedition from Marblehead, Yankee and St. Louis. 
 Cuba now completely isolated. 
 
 June 10 — Sampson's squadron bombards Baiquiri, near Santiago. 
 
 June 12 — Spanish assault American marines encamped at Guantanamo, but are 
 repulsed. Four men killed. General Shafter's expedition leaves Key West 
 for Santiago. 
 
 June 15 — Fight at Guantanamo Bay. 100 Spaniards killed. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 121 
 
 June 16 — Santiago bombarded. 
 
 June 17 — Second Spanish squadron sails from Cadiz. Supposed destination, the 
 Philippines. 
 
 June 20 — Shafter's army appears before Santiago. Spanish troops forced to retire 
 into fortified part of Manila. 
 
 June 22 — Shafter's army lands at Baiquiri. 
 
 June 24 — Roosevelt's Rough Riders and First and Tenth United States Cavalry 
 (less than i,ooo all told), after desperate battle with 2,000 Spanish troops, 
 gained position within five miles of Santiago. "La Guasismas." 
 
 Spanish Trench ix Front of Blockhouse, El Canev. 
 
 June 27 — Orders issued for formation of eastern squadron, under command ot 
 Commodore Watson, to operate against Spanish coast. Admiral Camara's 
 fleet in Suez Canal. 
 
 JuLV I — United States troops, after an all-day engagement, occupy the outer 
 works at Santiago. 
 
 July 2— El Caney and San Juan captured, and 2,000 Spanish prisoners taken. 
 
 July 3 — Admiral Cervera's fleet destroyed by Schley. Spanish loss, about 300 
 killed, 1,300 prisoners. 
 
 July 4 — The Ladrone Islands taken. First relief expedition reaches Manila. 
 
 July 6 — Hobson and crew exchanged. German interference in the Philippines 
 prevented by Admiral Dewey. Resolutions annexing Hawaii pass the Senate. 
 
 July 9 — Major-General Miles leaves with reinforcements for Santiago. 
 
^'^^^1^^'^^:-^^^ 
 
 
 Bloody Bend, near El Caney. 
 
 View at rear of El Canev, 
 
 Showing stream forded, with barbed wire fence, cut by Rough Riders and Tenth Cavalry (colored), 
 under fire, while singing "There'll be a hot time in the old town (Santiago) to-night," 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 123 
 
 July 10 — Warships begin the bombardment of Santiago. 
 
 July ii — Armistice agreed for twenty-four hours at Santiago. 
 
 July 14— General Tond formally surrenders .Santiago. 
 
 July 17 — Santiago occupied by Americans. 
 
 July 21 — Miles sails for Porto Rico. 
 
 July 23 — Porto Rican expedition to reinforce General Miles leaves Tampa, 
 
 Florida. 
 July 25 — General Merritt arrives at Manila. General Miles' expedition lands on 
 
 the southern coast of Porto Rico. Guantanamo surrenders to Shafter. 
 
 Garcl^'s Men escorting American Officers, 
 Near El Cobre, Cuba. 
 
 July 26 — French Ambassador, on behalf of Spain, asks the United States to 
 
 name terms of peace. 
 j^TLY 30 — United States Government's reply to Spanish peace proposals handed 
 
 to French Ambassador. 
 August 3 — Spanish troops in Manila attempt a sortie, but are driven back with 
 
 heavy loss. 
 August 5 — Secretary Alger orders the immediate return of General Shafter's 
 
 army to the United States. Troops under General Brooke enter Guayamo. 
 
 General Miles meets with little or no resistance in Porto Rico. 
 
 August 7 — Spanish Cabinet accepts American peace proposals. 
 August 8 — Spanish prisoners leave Santiago for Spain. 
 
 August 10— President submits a protocol to Spain on which peace can be ar- 
 ranged. 
 
124 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 August ii — Spanish Cabinet accepts the peace protocol, practically ending the 
 war. 
 
 August 12 — The peace protocol signed, and President orders a cessation of hos- 
 tilities, which had then lasted no days. 
 
 August 15 — Manila surrenders unconditionally to Admiral Dewey, after a bom- 
 bardment of two hours and a gallant assault by the American troops. News 
 of the peace protocol had not reached Dewey. 
 
 Disembarking at Jersey City, 
 
 August 17 — The President appoints the Military Commissioners for Cuba and 
 Porto Rico, as follows: For Cuba — Maj -Gen. James F. Wade, Rear-Admiral 
 William T. Sampson, and Maj. -Gen. Matthew C. Butler, U. S. Vols. For Porto 
 Rico — Maj. -Gen. [ohn R. Brooke, Rear-Admiral Winfield S. Schley, and Brig.- 
 Gen. William W. Gordon, U. S. Vols. 
 
 August 30 — United States representatives on Peace Commission appointed by the 
 President, as follows : Wm. R. Day, of Ohio, late Secretary of State ; Senator 
 C. K. Davis (Rep.), of Minn.; Senator Wm. P. Frye (Rep.), of Maine; Senator 
 George Gray (Dem.), of Delaware; Hon. Whitelaw Reid, of New York. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry 
 
 125 
 
 October i — Peace Commissioners meet with five commissioners on behalf of 
 Spain, in Paris. 
 
 October 18 — American flag raised permanently over Porto Rico. 
 
 December 10 — Treaty of peace signed by Peace Commissioners of United States 
 and Spain, at Paris. 
 
 The cost of the war to the United States up to the signing of the peace proctocol 
 was Ji 50,000,000. 
 
 Co. C ox THE Road to CA>n> San Luis. 
 
 Casualities in killed and wounded during the war : Army— officers killed, 23 ; 
 
 enlisted men killed, 257; total, 2S0 ; ofiicers wounded, 113; enlisted men 
 
 wounded, 1,464; total. 1,577. Navy— i officer and iS enlisted men killed; 67 
 
 enlisted men wounded. 
 No officers or men of the army or navy captured, except crew ot the Merri- 
 
 mac, — I officer and 7 enlisted men. 
 
Monument to John Frederic Hartranft, Brevet Major General, 
 
 Commander 3rd Division 9th Corps, Army of Potomac, at the ceremony of the 
 
 unveiling of which. May 12, 1S99, the 9th Regt. I'. S. \'. I. 
 
 was accorded the position of honor. 
 
 [Erected in Capitol Park, Harrisburg, Pa.] 
 
Harbor of Santiago. 
 
 Nautical Club House, Santiago— Used as an Emergency Hospital. 
 
Points of Information. 
 
 HOW A VOLUNTEER CAN SECURE A PENSION." 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SANTIAGO, CUBA. 
 
 OUR PENSION SYSTEM. 
 
 HE pension system of the United States dates from Angust 26, 1776, 
 when the Continental Congress, by resolution, "recommended to 
 the several assemblies or legislative bodies" of the states that pro- 
 vision be made for putting on "half pay," or less, those persons 
 of the military or naval forces who lost limbs or became otherwise 
 disabled in service ; the amounts so paid to be charged to the 
 United States. We hear nothing now-a-days of pensions in connection with the 
 Revolutionary war, and many have gained the impression that the patriots of 
 those days were a supernatural order of men, having no thought or care for pen- 
 sions. But, as shown above, in less than two months after the Declaration of 
 Independence, the first pension provision was enacted, followed by a long series 
 of subsequent laws relative to the soldiers and sailors not only of the Revolution, 
 but of the 1812 war, the various Indian wars, the Mexican war, the war of the 
 rebellion, the Spanish war, and of the Regular Army and Navy in time of peace. 
 
 Many of our most prominent citizens, as well as many of our bravest leaders 
 of the wars, such as Generals Scott, Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Admirals Farragut 
 and Porter, etc., are or have been the recipients of pensions, either in the form of 
 pay on the retired list or in the ordinary form. So it is no detraction from one's 
 patriotism to claim and receive what is provided by a grateful country for its 
 defenders. The pension roll is indeed truly termed a roll of honor. 
 
 Pension is not a matter of favor or charity ; it is a question of title under the 
 lazv, and when title is shown, the pension is due as a matter of tazv. Congress, 
 acting for the whole people, has made the laws, and the essentials of pension title 
 therein defined are all that need be considered in seeking the benefits of the laws- 
 War of the Rebellion. — Union soldiers and sailors of the war of the re- 
 bellion, and their heirs, come under the general law, as hereinafter shown, and also 
 under the Act of June 27, iSgo, which does not apply to any Spanish war soldier 
 or sailor, his widow or children. 
 
 Regular Army and Navy. — Officers and men of the Regular Army and Navy 
 in time of peace, and in the various Indian wars and disturbances, etc., and the 
 heirs of such, come under the general pension law, as hereinafter shown. 
 
 Spanish War. — The Act of April 22, 1S98, provides: "Section 12. That all 
 officers and enlisted men of the Volunteer Army, and of the Militia of the states 
 when in the service of the United States, shall be in all respects on the same foot- 
 ing as to pay, allowances and pejisions as that of officers and enlisted men of cor- 
 responding grades in the Regular Army." But wholly irrespective of the above 
 provision, the soldiers and sailors of the Spanish war and their heirs come under 
 the general law, which covers all claims arising from disability or death due to 
 service since March 4, 1861. 
 
 (129) 
 
I30 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 WHO IS ENTITLED TO INVALID PENSION. 
 
 Invalid pension, under the general law, is by Section 4692, Revised Statutes, 
 conferred on the following classes: "Section 4693. The persons entitled as bene- 
 ficiaries under the preceding section are as follows : First. Any officer of the 
 army, including regulars, volunteers, and militia, or any officer in the navy or 
 marine corps, or any enlisted man, however employed, in the military or naval 
 service of the United States, or in its marine corps, whether regularly mustered or 
 not, disabled by reason of any wound or injury received, or disease contracted, 
 while in the service of the United States and in the line of dutv. 
 
 Market Scene, S\.\tia(;o, Cuba. 
 
 "Second. Any master serving on a gunboat, or any pilot, engineer, sailor, or 
 other person not regularly mustered, serving upon any gunboat or war vessel of 
 the United States, disabled by any wound or injury received, or otherwise inca- 
 pacitated, while in the line of duty, for procuring his subsistence by manual labor. 
 *********** 
 "Fourth. Any acting assistant or contract surgeon disabled by any wound or 
 injury received or disease contracted in the line of duty while actually performing 
 the duties of assistant surgeon or acting assistant surgeon with any military force 
 in the field, or in transitu, or in hospital." 
 
 That a man has property, affording him a sufficient maintenance, or is able to 
 follow successfully some profession, or to support himself and family at some light 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 131 
 
 employment, does not debar him from the pension to which he is justly entitled 
 under the law. It matters not what his business is, whether it be that of a farmer 
 or physician, a day laborer, mechanic or lawyer; invalid pensions are granted, 
 nevertheless, having regard only to the person's incapacity for the performance of 
 ordinary manual labor as compared with a sound, able-bodied man. 
 
 WHAT IS PENSIONABLE. 
 
 There is no particular class of wounds, injuries, or diseases, for which pensions 
 are granted. It depends not so much upon the wound, injury, or disease itself as 
 upon the disabled condition arising therefrom. It may be said that anything in 
 the nature of a wound, injury, or disease which materially incapacitates him for the 
 
 San Pedro Street, Santiago, Cuba. 
 
 performance of manual labor entitles him to a pension under the law. The disa- 
 bility arising therefrom may be slight, and yet a rating of not less than $6 per 
 month can be had. 
 
 The results of typhoid fever, malarial fever, and the like are often serious and 
 permanent in character, and many diseases grow out of other diseases or injuries ; 
 and whenever in any case the primary disease or injury was incurred in service 
 and in line of duty, the recognized results are pensionable. 
 
 DISABILITY AT DISCHARGE. 
 
 It is not absolutely necessary to the securing of pension that a man be dis- 
 charged with or on account of disability, nor that a hospital record of the disability 
 exist. Such records are evidence, but not the only evidence. Consequently soldiers 
 or sailors in the war with Spain, who, from carelessness or any other reason, made 
 
132 
 
 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 no claim of disability at discharge, or were not reported by the examining surgeons 
 at discharge as disabled in any way, or whose discharges show there existed no 
 objection to their reenlistment, are not thereby debarred from applying for and 
 obtaining pension, if they are, in fact, affected by any wound, injury, or disease, or 
 their results, incurred in the service and line of duty. The report of the surgeons 
 at muster-out is not necessarily conclusive as to lack of title to pension. 
 
 RATES OF INVALID PENSION. 
 
 The rates of invalid pension under the general law are from 16 to Iroo per 
 month, according to the degree and character of the disability and the rank of the 
 soldier or sailor at the time of the origin or incurrence of the same. For the 
 ordinary disease, wound or injury there is no particular rating, because the dis- 
 ability may exist in a greater or less degree, and be different in degree in different 
 men, some of whom would consequently be entitled to a higher rate than others. 
 For certain disabilities, which cause substantially the same degree of disability 
 in all men, rates are fixed, and are given in the following tables : 
 
 RATES FIXED BY L.WV. 
 
 Loss of both hands $10000 
 
 Loss of both feet 72 00 
 
 Total disability in both hands 72 00 
 
 Total disability in both feet 31 25 
 
 Loss of sight of both eyes 72 00 
 
 Loss of the sight of an eye, the other lost 
 
 before enlistment 72 00 
 
 Loss of one hand and one foot, or total dis- 
 ability of the same 36 00 
 
 Loss of a hand or a foot, or total disability 
 
 of the same 30 00 
 
 Any disability equivalent to loss of hand 
 or foot ... S 24 00 
 
 Amputation at or above elbow or knee or 
 total disabilitv of arm or les: 
 
 Amputation at or near the hip joint . . . . 
 Amputation at or near the shoulder joint . 
 Inability to perform any manual labor . . . 
 Disability requiring regular and constant 
 
 aid and attendance of another person . . 
 Disability requiring frequent and jieriodi- 
 
 cal aid and attendance of another person. 
 Total deafness 
 
 36 00 
 45 00 
 43 00 
 30 00 
 
 50 CO 
 30 00 
 
 RATES FIXED BY THE COMMISSIONER FOR CERTAIN DISABILITIES NOT 
 SPECIFIED BY LAW. 
 
 Anchylosis of shoulder joint 
 
 Anchylosis of elbow or kneejoint 
 
 Anchylosis of ankle or wrist 
 
 Loss of sight of oneeye 
 
 Loss of one eye 
 
 Nearly total deafness of one ear 
 
 Total deafness of one ear 
 
 Slight deafness of both ears 
 
 Severe deafness of one ear, slight of other . 
 Nearly total deafness of one ear, slight of 
 
 other 
 
 Severe deafness of both ears 
 
 Total deafness of one ear, slight of other . . 
 Total deafness of one ear, severe of other 
 
 Deafness of both ears, nearly total 
 
 Loss of palm and fingers of hand, the thumb 
 
 remaining 
 
 Loss of thumb, index, middle and ring 
 fingers 
 
 Loss of all the fingers, thumb and palm re- 
 maining 
 
 Loss of thumb, iiulex and middle fingers . . 
 
 Si 2 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 S 
 
 00 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 17 
 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 CO 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 15 
 
 00 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 25 
 
 00 
 
 16 00 
 16 00 
 
 Loss of thumb, index and little fingers . . . J16 00 
 
 Loss of inde.x, middle and ring fingers . . 16 00 
 
 Loss of middle, ring and little fingers ... 1400 
 
 Loss of thumb and index finger 12 00 
 
 Lossof thumb and metacarpal bone 12 co 
 
 Loss of thumb and little finger lo oo 
 
 Loss of index and middle fingers 8 00 
 
 Loss of middle and little fingers S 00 
 
 Loss of any other two fingers 600 
 
 Loss of thumb S 00 
 
 Loss of any finger without complication . . 6 00 
 
 Loss of all the toes of one foot 1000 
 
 Loss of great, second and third toes .... S 00 
 
 Loss of great toe and metatarsal S 00 
 
 Loss of any other toe and metatarsal .... 6 00 
 
 Loss of great and second toe 8 00 
 
 Loss of any toe 6 00 
 
 Femoral hernia 10 00 
 
 Double inguinal hernia JS, $12 and 14 00, 
 
 Inguinal hernia $6 and 10 00 
 
 Varicocele 6 00 
 
Railroad Station, Santiago, Cuba. 
 
 Departure of Spanish Troops from Santiago. 
 
134 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 WIDOWS AND MINOR CHILDREN. 
 
 The general pension law as to widows and children is embodied in Section 
 4702, Revised Statutes, which, as amended by the Act of August 7, 1882, provides : 
 "Section 4702. If any person embraced within the provisions of Sections 4692 and 
 4693 has died since the 4th day of March, i86r, or hereafter dies, by reason of any 
 wound, injury, or disease which, under the conditions and limitations of such sec- 
 tions, would have entitled him to an invalid pension had he been disabled, his 
 widow, or if there be no widow, or in case of her death without payment to her 
 of any part of the pension hereinafter mentioned, his child, or children, under 16 
 years of age, shall be entitled to receive the same pension as the husband or 
 father would have been entitled to had he been totally disabled, to commence from 
 the death of the husband or father, to continue to the widow during her widow- 
 hood, and to his child or children until they severally attain the age of 16 years, 
 and no longer ; and if the widow remarry, the child or children shall be entitled 
 from the date of remarriage, except when such widow has continued to draw the 
 pension money after her remarriage, in contravention of law, and such child or 
 children have resided with and been supported by her, their pension will com- 
 mence at the date to which the widow was last paid." 
 
 The rate of pension of widows and other heirs under the general law is 
 determined by the rank of the soldier or sailor at the time of incurrence of dis- 
 ability resulting in his death. If below the grade of commissioned officer, the rate 
 is |i2 if the parties were married before March 19, 1886, or before or during the 
 service ; 2d lieutenant, I15 ; 1st lieutenant, $17 ; captain, |2o ; major, $25 ; lieutenant- 
 colonel and officers of higher rank, I30. Heirs of officers and men in the naval 
 service of corresponding rank have similar ratings. 
 
 Section 4703, Revised Statutes, provides for the increase of widows' pension 
 at the rate of $2 additional per month for each child of the soldier under 16. 
 Children's pension has the benefit of the same additional rate in all cases. 
 
 DEPENDENT PARENTS, BROTHERS AND SISTERS. 
 
 The general pension law as to heirs other than widows and children is 
 embodied in Section 4707, Revised Statutes, which provides: "Section 4707. If 
 any person embraced within the provisions of Sections 4692 and 4693 has died 
 since the 4th day of March, 1861, or shall hereafter die, by reason of any wound, 
 injury, casualty or disease, which, under the conditions and limitations of such 
 sections, would have entitled him to an invalid pension, and has not left or shall 
 not leave a widow or legitimate child, but has left or shall leave other relative or 
 relatives who were dependent upon him for support in whole or in part at the 
 date of his death, such relative or relatives shall be entitled, in the following 
 order of precedence, to receive the same pension as such person would have 
 been entitled to had he been totally disabled, to commence from the death of 
 such person, namely : First, the mother ; secondly, the father ; thirdly, orphan 
 brothers and sisters under 16 years of age, who shall be pensioned jointly ; Pro- 
 vided, That where orphan children of the same parent have different guardians, 
 or a portion of them only are under guardianship, the share of the joint pension 
 to which each ward shall be entitled shall be paid to the guardian of such ward ; 
 Provided, That if in any case said person shall have left father and mother who 
 are dependent upon him, then, on the death of the mother, the father shall 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 135 
 
 become entitled to the pension, commencing from and after the death of the 
 mother ; and upon the death of the mother and father, or upon the death of the 
 father and the remarriage of the mother, the dependent brothers and sisters under 
 16 years of age shall jointly become entitled to such pension until they attain the 
 age of 16 years, respectively, commencing from the death or remarriage of the 
 party who had the prior right to the pension ; Provided, That a mother shall be 
 assumed to have been dependent upon her son within the meaning of this section 
 if, at the date of his death, she had no other adequate means of support than the 
 ordinary proceeds of her own manual labor and the contributions of said son or 
 of any other person not legally bound to aid her in support ; and if, by actual 
 contributions, or in any other way, the son had recognized his obligations to aid 
 in support of' his mother, or was by law bound to such support, and that a father 
 
 Entrance to Cemetery, Santiago, 
 Where many American Soldiers were buried. 
 
 or a minor brother or sister shall, in like manner and under like conditions, be 
 assumed to have been dependent, except that the income which was derived or 
 derivable from his actual or possible manual labor shall be taken into account in 
 estimating a father's means of independent support ; Provided, further, That the 
 pension allowed to any person on account of his or her dependence, as herein- 
 before provided, shall not be paid for any period during which it shall not be 
 necessary as a means of adequate subsistence." 
 
 The act of June 27, 1890, Section i, amends the law as to dependent parents, 
 making it necessary to show only present dependence. The act provides : " Section 
 I. That in considering the pension claims of dependent parents, the fact of the 
 soldier's death by reason of any wound, injury, casualty, or disease which, under 
 the conditions and limitations of existing laws, would have entitled him to an invalid 
 pension, and the fact that the soldier left no widow or minor children having been 
 shown as required by law, it shall be necessary only to show by competent and 
 sufficient evidence that such parent or parents are without other present means of 
 support than their own manual labor or the contributions of others not legally bound 
 for their support ; Provided, That all pensions allowed to dependent parents under 
 
Palace and Central Park, Santiago, Cuba. 
 
 Street Scene in Santiago, Cli;a. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 137 
 
 this act shall commence from the date of the filing of the application hereunder and 
 shall continue no longer than the existence of the dependence." 
 
 The rate of pension of dependent parents, brothers and sisters, under the gen- 
 eral law, is the same as that of widows and children, without the |2 additional rate. 
 If parents' claims be made under the act of June 27, 1890, Section i, the rate is 
 uniformly $12 per month, irrespective of the rank of the soldier or sailor. 
 
 Date of marriage is of no consideration in this class of cases. 
 
 COMMENCEMENT OF PENSION. 
 
 Invalid pension and dependent parents', brothers' and sisters' pension com- 
 mence from the date of filing of formal application therefor in the Pension Bureau 
 at Washington. 
 
 Widocus' and Miuor Children s pension, under the general law, commences 
 from the date of the soldier's or sailor's death, or, in case of children, if the widow 
 was pensioned, from the date of her death or remarriage ; children's pension termi- 
 nates when they become 16. A widow may, after remarriage, claim pension, under 
 the general law, for the period of her widowhood, and children may claim pension, 
 under the general law, for the period of pensionable minority after they become 16. 
 
 PROCEDURE TO SECURE PENSION. 
 
 An application in proper legal form must be made in every instance. After the 
 filing of an application for Invalid Pension, the claimant is ordered for examination 
 before a Board of U. S. Pension Examining Surgeons, composed of civilian physi- 
 cians, and which determines the existence of and recommends the rate for the 
 alleged disabilities. Evidence submitted by the claimant is also admissible to show 
 the character and degree of disability. Widows and other heirs are required to 
 prove themselves the legal heirs of the soldier or sailor, in addition to showing his 
 death to be due to the service and line of duty ; and in cases of fathers, mothers, 
 brothers and sisters, the financial circumstances of the claimants must be shown. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 A special division has been formed in the Pension Bureau for the consideration 
 and adjudication of Spanish war pension claims. It is generally believed that the 
 delay so often encountered in claims arising from the war of the rebellion, largely 
 due to difficulties in the securing and verifying of the mass of evidence usually 
 required in such cases because of the lapse of time since the war, will not generally 
 arise in the settlement of Spanisli war cases. 
 
 DELAY IN CLAIMING. 
 
 Persons wlio are entitled to pension should, out of regard for their own inter- 
 ests and the interests of their families, present and prospective, promptly file 
 their claims. Many survivors of the war of the rebellion, and their heirs, who 
 delayed their applications for pension, have had cause to regret that they slept upon 
 their rights. Delay begets difficulty and sometimes impossibility of securing the 
 necessary proofs, and creates the doubt attaching to all claims long resting unas- 
 
138 Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 serted on an existing right. Especially is this true where the soldier or sailor was 
 entitled but neglected to apply in his lifetime, and his heirs, being entitled, seek to 
 obtain the pension due them on account of his death. 
 
 WHAT IS A PENSION WORTH? 
 
 Failure to apply for pension may arise from inattention to what a pension is 
 worth. Its value may be learned by comparison with the cost of an annuity from a 
 life insurance company. Pensions begin at date of application therefor, and 
 ordinarily continue during life. The average value of each pension now being 
 paid under the general law — which is the law applying to Spanish war soldiers — is 
 nearly I14 per month ; or, exactly, $163.21 per year (report of the Commissioner of 
 Pensions, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1S98). Taking twenty-one years as an 
 average age of Spanish war soldiers, a man of that age, to buy a pension (annuity) 
 of that amount per year for the rest of his life, would have to pay, according to 
 the standard rates of life insurance companies, the sum of $j,2'/o.yj. Therefore, 
 the average pension of an ex-soldier of twenty-one years of age, is worth in cash 
 13,270.73. That is what it would cost him if he should buy it. On the same basis, 
 a pension of $8 per month is worth 11,823.84; |;i2 per month, 12,884.76, and other 
 rates in proportion. Of course, the above figures are based on insurable persons, 
 but they give an idea to even those whose lives may be shortened through the hard- 
 ships of service. Soldiers who are entitled to pension but neglect to claim it do 
 not, perhaps, realize what they are losing. 
 
 ATTORNEYS. 
 
 The need for persons who make a specialty of securing to claimants their just 
 dues under the pension laws is as great as is the necessity for persons who make 
 a specialty of securing justice in the courts. Some claimants succeed as their own 
 attorneys ; many more believe that they can, but it is believed that all will find it 
 to their advantage to secure the services of a competent attorney when entering 
 into the perplexities which are often attendant upon the prosecution of a claim 
 against the Government, and which require experience to overcome. 
 
 There are competent attorneys and incompetent attorneys. The law governing 
 attorneys' fee in pension cases makes no distinction between the two classes ; so 
 that the services of the one cost no more than the services of the other. 
 
 FEES IN PENSION CASES. 
 
 The fee generally in claims for invalid, widows', children's, parents', brothers' 
 and sisters' pension, under the general law, is $25, the maximum limit prescribed 
 by the fee law, act of July 4, 1884. In parents' and other pension claims under 
 the act of June 27, 1890, the fee is |io, the maximum amount allowed in such 
 cases. 
 
 As these fees are by law made tvholly dependent on success, no matter how 
 long delayed a favorable settlement may be, and as no fee may be lawfully claimed 
 or accepted in unsuccessful claims, and in especially difficult claims no extra fee 
 may be lawfully claimed or accepted, no attorney adhering to the fee law can 
 afford to accept claims at less than the maximum fees. 
 
Ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry. 139 
 
 Under an order of the Commissioner of Pensions, an attorney may receive not 
 exceeding ^o cents in any one case to cover the correspondence expense therein, 
 aside from his fee and independent of the success of the claim. 
 
 POINTS OF INFORMATION FOR YOUR ATTORNEY. 
 
 Give the following information : 
 
 1. Your full name, and the company and regiment, or ship, in which you 
 served, giving dates of enlistment, place and date of first illness and discharge, 
 and cause of discharge. 
 
 2. The name or nature of all disabilities (wounds, injuries or diseases) incurred 
 in the service and line of duty, from which your physical ability for performing 
 the work of a sound, able-bodied man at manual labor is materially impaired. 
 
 3. State when and where and hozu each disability was incurred or contracted. 
 
 4. The name and location of each hospital in which you were treated. 
 
 5. The name or nature of the disabilities (wounds, injuries or diseases) found 
 to exist by the surgeon who examined you at the time of your muster-out. 
 
 Give your full post office address. 
 
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