class. Book_WV_k_ ^'': y AMERICAN ANCESTORS OF THE CHILDREN OF JOSEPH AND OANIELLA WHEELER OF WHOM WE HAVE RECORDS, AND SOME ACCOUNT OF ENGLISH HOG AND NEWDIGATE ANCESTORS 5 .r%- EARLIEST ANCESTORS MENTIONED Adams American Ancestor— Ebenezer Adams, b. about 1711 Cocke American Ancestor— Richard Cocke, b. 1600 De Hoo English Ancestor— John off Hoo, b. 1400 Dyer Ancestor — Thomas Dyer, b. 1619 Early American Ancestor — Thomas Early, b. about 1665 Edloe American Ancestor— Matthew Edloe, b. about 1620 Fuller Ancestor — John Fuller, b. 1620 Hull Ancestor— Richard Hull, b. 1599 Jackson Ancestor— Christopher Jackson, b. 1560 Johnson Ancestor — Peter Johnson, b. 1608 Jones Ancestor— Harrison Jones, b. 1757 Newdigate American Ancestor— John Newgate, b. 1580 Newdigate English Ancestor— William Newgate, b. 1485 Nichols Ancestor— Francis Nichols, b. 1595 RiGGS Ancestor— Edward Riggs, b. 1585 Smith Ancestor— Nicholas Smith, b. 1631 Smith (Va.) Ancestor— Nicholas Smith, b. about 1670 Wheeler Ancestor— Moses Wheeler, b. 1598 WoosTEK Ancestor— Edward Wooster, b. 1622 The evidence presented by genealogists regarding families which they claim are ancestors of Thomas Early, John off Hoo and W illiam Newdigate, being only circumstantial, is elimin- ated from our genealogical line, and is given only to aid in further research. Early Irish Ancestor— Carbri Lifichar, b 225 De Hoo English Ancestor— Sir Robert de Hoo, d. 1000 Compiled by Joseph and Daniella Wheeler Wheeler, Ala. The Family City Address: Waldokf-Astokia, N. Y. To assist the compiler in so far as possible to complete this record, information regarding any connections of the families herein mentioned will be gratefully received. WHKL. GEN.— 1. kJ ^ \ J V SYNOPSIS AND INDEX OF THE GENEALOGY OF EACH OF THE LINES OF WHEELER ANCESTORS COMMENCING I400 When women art in line 0/ succession, the last name given is the surname of her husband, and the name preceding is that of her father. Figures after names give date of birth. Pages 7-10 I.Moses Wheklf.r 15 Jan., 1598 2. Moses Wheeler 5 July, 1651 3. Samuel Wheeler ...27 Feb., 1081 4. James Wheei.er July. 1716 5. Joseph Wheeler 2 May, 1748 6. Joseph Wheeler 9 Aug:., 1787 7. Joseph Wheeler ...id Sept., 1836 8. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 22-24 I.John off Hoo 1400 2.J0H.N AT Hoo 1462 3.GUALTHER HooE 1498 4.J0ANE HooE Newgate 1540 5-JoHN Newdigate 1580 6.ELIZAHETH Newdigate Jack- son 1617 7. Lydia Jackson Fuller 1656 S.Joseph Fuller July. 1685 9. Abraham Fuller, ..23 Mar.. 1720 io.Sarah Fuller Hull. 27 Apr., 1759 ii.JuLL\ HuLLWuEELER.ioMar., 1799 12. Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 13. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 10-13 I.Richard Hull 1599 2. John Hull 1640 3. Joseph Hull i6Feb., 1668 4. Joseph Hull 1694 5. Joseph Hull 18 Feb.. 1728 6. William Hull 24 June, 1753 7. Julia Hull Wheeler. ID Mar., 1799 8. Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 9. Joseph Wheeler... 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 24-26 I. William Newgate --1485 2.R0HERT Newgate 1512 3. Phillip Newgate 1552 4. John Newgate 1580 5. Elizabeth Newdigate Jack- son 1617 6. Lydia Jackson Fuller 1656 7. Joseph Fuller July. 1685 8. Abraham Fuller... 23 Mar., 1720 g.SAR.vH Fuller Hull. 27 Apr.. 1759 10. Julia Hull Wheeler. 10 Mar.. 1799 1 1. Joseph Wheeler . ..10 Sept . 1836 12. Joseph Wheeler.. .23 Mar., 1872 Pages 13-15 I .John Fuller 1620 2. Joseph Fuller .1652 3. Joseph Fuller 2 July, 16S5 4.Abr.\ham Fuller. ..23 Mar., 1720 5.Sar.\u Fuller Hull. 27 Apr.. 1759 6. Julia Hull Wheeler 10 Mar., 1799 7. Joseph Wheeler.. .10 Sept.. 1836 8. Joseph Wheeler. ..23 Mar.. 1S72 p SYNOPSIS AND INDEX {Continued). in Page 16 I.Thomas Dyer 1615 2. Joseph Dykr 1653 3. Joseph Dver.. 19 Jan., 1686 4. Sarah Dyer Fuller. 20 Mar., 1727 5. Sarah Fuller HuLL-27 Apr., 1759 6. Julia Hull Wheeler 10 Mar., 1799 7. Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1S36 S.Joseph Wheeler — 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 17-19 I.Edward Riggs 1585 2 Ed\v.\rd Riggs 1605 3 -Samuel Riggs. 1641 4. Edward Riggs 7 Oct., 1680 S.Grace Riggs S.mith ..q Oct., 1708 6_IsAAC Smith... iS Mar., 1734 7: Lucy Smith Wheeler... 22 Dec, 1754 S.Joseph Wheeler 9 Aug., 1787 9. Joseph Wheeler. ..10 Sept., 1S36 io.Joseph Wheeler. ..23 Mar., 1872 Pages 15-16 I.Nicholas Smith 1631 2 .Andrew Smith 1669 3. Jonah Smith 29 Sept., 1699 4. Isaac Smith 18 Mar., 1734 S.Lucy Smith Wheeler 22 Dec, 1754 6. Joseph Wheeler 9 Aug., 1787 7-JosEPH Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 S.Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1S72 Page 17 I . Peter Johnson 160S 2.EBENEZER JOHNSON 1649 3.EiiENEZER Johnson. .22 Feb , 1687 4. Sarah Johnson Wheeler 1721 5. Joseph Wheelek 2 May, 1748 6. Joseph Wheeler 9 Aug., 1787 7. Joseph Wheeler. ..id Sept., 1836 S.Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Page 17 1 . Edward Wooster 1622 2 . Elizabeth Wooster Johnson . . 165 i 3.EBENEZER Johnson. .-22 Feb., 1687 4. Sarah Johnson Wheeler 1721 5-JosEPH Wheeler 2 May, 1748 6-Joseph Wheeler 9 Aug., 1787 7. Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 8. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 19-20 I .Christopher Jackson 1560 2 -Edward Jackson 1604 3.LYDIA Jackson Fuller. 1656 4. Joseph Fuller July, i68s S.Abraham Fuller 23 Mar., 1720 6-Sarah Fuller Hull. -27 Apr., 1759 7. Julia Hull Wheeler 10 Mar., 1799 S.Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 9-Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 21-22 I .Francis Nichols 1585 2. Caleb Nichols 1620 3. Sarah Nichols Wheeler I Dec, 1651 4. Samuel Wheeler 27 Feb., i63i S.James Wheeler ..July, 1716 6. Joseph Wheeler 2 May, 1748 7-JosEPH Wheeler 9 Aug., 1787 S.Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 9-JosEPH Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 27-28 I.Harrison Jones .14 Oct., i7S7 2. Richard Jones 29 June, 1793 3.DANIELLA Jones Wheeler 20 Aug., 1841 4. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 20-21 I .Christopher Jackson 1 560 2. Deacon John Jackson i6oo IV SVXOPSIS AXD IXDEX (Concluded). 3. Abraham Jackson 1655 4. Sarah Jackson Fuller. 1683 5. Abraham Fuller 23 Mar., 1720 , 6-Sarah Fuller Hill .27 Apr., 1759 7.JULIA Hull Wheeler. 10 Mar., 1799 1 8. Joseph Wheeler 10 Sept., 1836 | 9. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1S72 Pages 21-22 I . Francis N ichols -15S5 2 . Caleb Nichols 1620 3. Mary Nichols Hull 1674 4. Joseph Hull 1694 5. Joseph Hull iS Feb., 172S 6. William Hull 24 June, 1753 7. Julia Hull Wheeler 10 Mar., 1799 8. Joseph Wheeler ...io Sept., 1S36 9. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1S72 Pages 26-30 I.Thomas Early about 1665 2. Jeremiah Early Dec, 1705 3.J0EI. Early 1739 4. Peter Early zojune, 1773 5. Lucy Early Jones. ..18 Oct., 1799 6_Daniella Jones Wheeler 20 Aug., 1S41 7. Joseph Wheeler 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 32-33 (Possibly Edlow.) I . M athew Euloe 2.Matiii:w Edloe 3.TAHITHA Edloe Bowler 4. Anne Howler Cocke Jan., 1675 5.TAHITI1A Cocke Adams 6. Anne Adams Smith 7. Francis Smith 1749 S.Anne Smith Early 17S3 9. Lucy Early Jones. .18 Oct., 1799 io.Daniella Jones Wheeler... 20 Aug., 1 84 1 II. Joseph Wheeler — 23 Mar., 1872 Pages 31-32 I.Richard Adams 2.ebenezer .a.dams 3. Anne Adams Smith 4- Francis Smith 5. Anne Smith Early 1783 6. Lucy Early Jones. .18 Oct., 1799 7-Daniella Jones Wheeler... 20 Aug., 1 84 1 3. Joseph Wheeler... 23 Mar., 1S72 Page 33 I.Richard Cocke 1600 2 . Richard Cocke 1 639 3. Richard Cocke 1672 4.TABrrHA Cocke Adams 5. Anne Adams Smith 6. Francis S.mith 1749 7. Anne Smith Early 17S3 S.Lucy Early Jones ..18 Oct., 1799 9 Daniklla Jones Wheeler. .. 20 -Aug., 1841 10. Joseph Wheeler. ..23 Mar., 1572 Pages 30-31 I.Nicholas Smith 2. Nicholas Smith 3. Francis Smith 4. Francis S.mith about 1749 5. Anne Smith Early 1783 6. Lucy Early Jones.. 18 Oct., 1799 7.DANIELLA Jones Wheeler... 20 .^ug., 1841 S-Josnii Whkei.er . ..23 Mar.. 1S72 ABRREVIATIOXS, &^c: b. — born. m. — married, m. i — first marrriage. m. 2 — second marriage, d. — died. dau. — daughter, gen. — generation, gens. — genealogies. Names direct in line are indicated by bold type. 7*1? better appreciate the surroundings of our ancestors in the early days of England, it might be well to consider the condition of the coun- try at that time, therefore, we recall the names of the English rulers and some of the leading events of English history, from the birth of John off Hoo, 1400, to the year 1776. SO VEREIGNS. Henry IV. 1399- Henry VIII, 1509. Charles II, 1660 Henry V, 1413. Edward VI, 1547- James II, 1685 Henry VI, 1422. Mary, 1553. William & Mary, 1689 Edw.^rd IV, 1461. Elizabeth, 1553. Anne, 1702 Edward V, 1433. Ja.mes I, 1603. George I, '714 Richard III, 14S3. Charles I, 1625. George II, 1727 Henry VII, 1485. Commonwealth, Cromwell, \ 1649. George III, 1760 LEADING EVENTS. War of the Roses, 1455-14S5. Printing first introduced into England from Germany, 1471. Richard III, last of Plantagenets, killed in battle of Bosworth, Aug. 23, 1485. Columbus discovered America, 1492. The mother of Queen Elizabeth, Queen Anne Boleyn, executed, 1536. Charles I beheaded, 1649. Union of England and Scotland, 1707. French and Indian War, 1754- 1763. Canada wrested from France, and in 1757 victories over France laid the foundation of England's supremacy in the East. Revolutionary War and Independence, 1775-1781. The worship of ancestors is a prominent feature in the religion of nearly all mankind. The mandate to reverence them is expressed in the christian religion in these words: " Honor thy father atid thy mother."^ It is a sacred duty to keep the memory of their virtues fresh in the minds of their descendants. WHEELER GENEALOGY. Moses Wheeler,* b. Kent County, England, Jan. 5, 1598; settled in New Haven, 1638; m. Miriam, sister of Joseph Hawley ; settled in Stratford, 164S. Was an extensive land- holder and influential man. Established ferry over the Housa- tonic by charter from General Court. Died January 15, 1698. Age 100 years. Rev. Adam Blakeman, the first pastor of Strat- ford, married Moses Wheeler's sister. 2D GEN. OF WHEELERS IX AMERICA. Moses Wheeler's children were : Elizabeth, b. Aug. i, 1642. Moses, b. July 5, 1651. Miriam, b. Mar. 28, 1647. Mary, b. Sept. 13, 1655. Samuel, b. April 28, 1649. Joanna, b. Mar. 5, 1658. Elizabeth m. (i) Samuel Blakeman, who died; m. (2) Jacob Walker. General David Wooster was her grandson. Mary m. (i) Samuel Fairchild; (2) Benjamin Beach. Moses m. Sarah Nichols, Oct. 10, 1674. d. Jan. 30, 1724. He was a wealthy man. 3D GEx. Their 8 children were : Moses, b. July 8, 1675. _ Samuel, b Feb. 27, 1681. Caleb, b. Jan. 29, 1677. James, b. Oct. 23, 1683. Sarah, b. June 26, 1678. Robert, b. May 18, 1686. Nathan, b. Jan. 31, 1680. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 8, 1687. Samuel m. (i) Mary Brinsmade, May, 1708. Shed. Feb. 17 13. m. (2) Lois, widow of Ebenezer Riggs, of Derby. He d. 1721. She d. Sept. 11, 1767. * In early days spelled Wheler. and sometimes still so spelled in England. 4TH GEN. Their 4 children were : Sarah, b Nov. 6, 17 10. Mary, b. May 30, 17 14. Samuel, b. July 25. 1712. JameS, b. July, 1716. — James ni. Sarah Johnson, dau. of Lieut. Ebenezer John- son, May 19, 1736. Was commissioned Captain in 1756. Was a large land-holder at Derby Narrows, d. July 9, 1768. His widow d. Sept., 1812. 5TH GF.X. Their 14 children were : Sarah, b. Dec. 27, 1737. Moses, b. July 2S, 1750. -— Samuel, b. Sept. 24, 1739. Anna, b. Aug. 10. 1752. Simeon, b. April 15, 1741. David, b. Mar. 14, 1754. Ruth, b. May 26, 1743. John, b. June 2, 1756. James, b. April 6, 1745. Elijah, b. Dec. 22, 175S. Dau., b. Mar. i, 1747 (d. infant) Hannah, b. Mar. 25, 1761. Joseph, b. May 2, 1748. Sarah, b. April 5, 1764. Sarah m. Stephen Whitney, uncle of noted Stephen Whit- ney of New York. [E.xtracts from ihe Whitney Genealogy, pp 42, 43 and 121 : "Stephen Whitney married Sarah Wheeler, born at Derby, Dec. 27, 1737, daughter of Capt. James and Sarah (Johnson) Wheeler. " His brother, Henry Whitney, married Eunise Clark, born at Derby, April 15, 1746. Her sister, Eliza Clark, married Joseph Hull, of Derby, 1749, and became the mother of General William Hull, and the grandmother of Commodore Isaac Hull. Henry's seventh son was Stephen Whitney, born at Derby, 1776, became a millionaire. He died in i!?6o. His estate was ap- praised at $4,419,422."] Samuel m. Lois Fairchild. Simeon m. Sarah Baldwin. James m. Mary Clark of Milford. John m. (ist) Sibyl Todd; (2d) Sarah Johnson. Ruth m. Nathan Fairchild. Joseph, No. I, m. Sarah Wheeler Apr. 1 I, 177 1 ; shed. Apr. 10, 1772; m. (2) Lucy Smith, b. Dec. 22, 1754, m. 1773; shed. Feb. 13, 1817; he d. June, 1804. Tliey resided in Derby Narrows. 6th gen. Their children were : Sally b. Oct. 2, 1774. Whittlesey, b. Sept. 19, 1784. William, b. Apr. 3, 1779. Joseph -\ b. Aug. 9, 1787. Nancy, b. Mar. i, 17S2. Mary, b. May 19, 1791. Sally m. Jesse Beach, of Litchfield, 1792; d. 1S35. Nancy m. Louis Allen, a descendant of Ethan Allen ; moved to New Haven; d. 1846. William d. 1S34. Mary m. Levi Hull, iSii, y brother of Commodore Isaac Hull, U. S. Navy, who captured the British frigate Guerriere. d. Mar. 24, 1866. Levi and Mary Hull's children were : Mary Augusta, m. F. A. Piatt, 185 1. Sarah L., m. P. S. Gal- pin, 185 1. William, d. Aug. i, 1833. Joseph No. 2, moved when young to Augusta, Ga. He m. (i) Sally Bradley, Sept. 8, 1811. She d. Nov. 23, 1821. m. {2) Julia Knox Hull, Sept. 12, 1825. She b. Mar. 10, 1799 ; d. June 26, 1842. He d. Mar. 24, 1866. 7TH. GEN. Their 5 children were : Sarah M., b. Mar. 7, 1815. Sarah Louise, b. Oct. 25, 1832. Lucy Josephine, b. Jan. 5, William Hull. b. Oct. 15, 1834. 1830. Joseph 3, b. Sept. 10, 1836. Sarah m Samuel Jenks Smith, Oct. 12, 1835; d. Dec. 2, 1889. Lucy m. Sterling Smith, Sept. 4, 1849; he d. Feb. 23, 1891. Wil- liam was an officer of Army of Northern Virginia ; d. Dec. 26, 1861. Sarah Louise d. Dec. 16, 1884. Joseph, No. 3, graduated at West Point, 1859; was se- nior Cavalry General Confederate Army; Member of Congress since 1880; Major-General U. S. Army, May 4, 1898; commanded in the battle of Las Guasimas, June 24, and was senior officer on the field in the battle of San Juan, July 1-3, 1898, and was senior member of the Commision which negotiated for the sur- render of the 23,000 Spanish troops in Santiago. In August, 1898, he was put in command of the 26,000 troops at Montauk Point, and Oct. 4 was transferred to the command of the Fourth Army Corps. In 1899 he served in the Philip- pines in the battles which resulted in the dispersion of the Aguinaldo government. Is now a general officer in the regular U. S. Army. He m. Daniella Jones, Feb. 8, 1866. She d. May 19, 1896. For an extract from CuUum's " Register of the Graduates of the Military Academy," see Appendix C. 8th gen. Their children were : Joseph, Jr., b. Mar. 23, 1S72. Ella, d. young. Lucy Louise. Julia K. H. Annie Early. Thomas H. Carrie Pevton. f' lO Joseph, Jr.. No. 4, graduated at West Point, 1895. Was distinguished in the battles in Cuba, June and July, 1898, and as Major 34th Infantry was distinguished in many battles in the Philippines. Is now Captain Corps of Artillery, U. S. Army. Annie E. Wheeler was with Miss Clara Barton, as a volunteer Red Cross Nurse, at Santiago, Cuba, July and August, 1898. She organized and superintended the " Club House Hospital" in Santiago harbor, and was afterward a volunteer Red Cross nurse in the Philippines. Thomas H. Wheeler was Cadet Xaval Academy, and served as an officer during the Spanish war, at Santiago and vicinity, upon war cruiser Columbia, and was drowned at Montauk Point, L. I., Sept. 7, 1898, in efforts to rescue a companion. WHEELER— HULL. Richard Hull, born in England about 1599; made free- man in Boston April, 1634; removed to Xew Haven, Conn., 1639; Representative to General Assembly ; d. Sept., 1662. 2D GEN. His 4 children were : John, b. 1640. Jeremiah, b. 1644. Hannah, b. 1642. Marv b. 1646. Hannah m. Edward Dorman. Mary m. John Jackson. John Hull, b. 1640. Removed to Derby, which town he represented in the General Assembly ; afterward went to W^al- lingford, where he was a large holder of lands granted for ser- vices rendered as surgeon in King Philip's war; m. Mary Jones; d. Dec. 6, 171 1. 3D GEN. Their 8 children were : John, b. Mar. 14, 1662. Richard, b 167S. Samuel, b. Feb. 4, 1664. Ebenezer, b. Sept. 28, 1679. Mary, b. Oct. 31, 1666. Jeremiah, b. 1680. Joseph, b. Feb. 16, 166S. Andrew, b. 16S5. Benjamin, b. Apr. 10, 1672. John ni. Hannah Prindle. Mary m. Joseph Prindle. Joseph Hull, of Derby, b. 166S, m. Mary Nichols, 1691; d. 1744. II 4TH GEN. Their 8 children were : Samuel, b. 1692. Mary, b. 1699. Joseph, No. 2, b. 1694. Sarah, b. 1701. Caleb, b. 1696. Abijah, b. 1703. Andrew, b. 1698. Nathan, b. 1709. Joseph Hull, No. 2, b. 1694, was a farmer and Member of General Assembly; m. Sarah, 1725. 5TH GEX. Their 3 children were : Anna, b. Sept. 7, 1726: m. Rev. Dr. Mansfield of ©erby. Joseph, No. 3, b. Feb. 18, 1728. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 18, 1731; d. Apr. 16, 1738. Joseph Hull, No. 3, b. 1728: m. Elizabeth Clark, of Lime Centre, )749; d. 1775. 6th gen. Their 8 children were : Joseph, No. 4, b. 1750. Levi, b. 1754. Samuel, b. 1751. Eliza, b. 1756. Isaac, b. 1752. " David, b. 1764. William, b. 1753. Sarah, b. 1766. Joseph, No. 4, was Lieutenant of Artillery during the Revo- lutionary war; also commanded flotilla and captured, by board- ing, two armed British vessels. He married Sarah Bennett, daughter of Deacon Daniel Bennett, who entertained the Duke of Lauzun and his officers when marching to join Washington at the Highlands. He d. 1825. He was the father of Commo- dore Isaac Hull, of the United States Navy, b. Mar. 9, 1775, d. Feb., 1843; and was grandfather of Commodore Joseph B. Hull, U. S. Navy, b. Apr. 26, 1802, d. Jan. 17, 1890. Samuel was a Lieutenant in the war of the Revolution. David Hull, b. 1764; m. Miss Eliot of Boston. Their daugh- ter, Susan, m. John C. Sanford, of New York. Their daughter, Susan Elizabeth, m., June 16, 1853, Theodore Salter of New York. (See Hull Genealogy, by Clarke, p. 6; and History of Stratford, p. 388; History of Derby, p. 78S ; and Colonial Records of Conn.) William Hull, b. June 24, 1753; educated at Yale College; a lawyer in 1775; captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel during the Revolutionary War; was distinguished in the battles of 12 White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Ticonderoga, Stillwater, Sara- toga, Monmouth and Stoney Point, and, wiih Washington, cov- ered the retreat of the American army after the battle of Long Island. Was a judge in Massachusetts; major-general of the Massachusetts Militia; Senator; brigadier-general U. S. Army, and Governor of Michigan. For a more extended sketch of this distinguished American, see Appendix A, p. 49. He m. Sarah, only daughter of Hon. Abraham Fuller, of Newton, in 1781. 7TH GEN. Their 8 children were : Sarah, b. 20 Jan., 17S3. Maria, b. 7 June, 1788. Eliza, b. 22 Jan., 1784. Rebecca Parker, b. 7 Feb., Abraham Fuller, b. S Mar., [i790- [1786. Caroline, b. 30 Apr., 1793. Ann Binney, b. 19 June. Julia KnOX, b. 10 Mar., [1787- [1799- Sarah m. Judge John McKesson of New York, 26 Aug., 1802. Eliza m. Isaac McLellan, of Portland, 13 Mar., 1805. Ann Binney m. Capt. H. H. Hickman, U. S. Army, 1808. Abraham graduated at Harvard, 1S05; was Capt. 9th Inf., U. S. Army ; killed while gallantly leading his regiment in a charge at Lundy's Lane, July 25, 1S14. Lossing's History of the War of 181 2, p. 82S, has a picture of his tombstone, on which is in- scribed : "This was erected by his brother officers to mark the spot where Capt. Hull, U. S. Army, fell in the memorable action at Lundy's Lane, 25 July, 1814, gallantly leading his men to the charge." Lossing also says : " He was an excellent officer, and his loss was much lamented." Captain Hull's father was General William Hull, of the Revolution. His unices, Samuel and Joseph, also were distin- guished officers of the Revolution; and Commodore Isaac Hull, of the U. S. Navy, who captured the British frigate Giu'rricn\ was his first cousin. General Wheeler, the nephew of Captain Hull, recently visited his grave at Lundy's Lane and found it well cared for. Maria m. Edward Fenwick Campbell, of Augusta. Georgia. His Fenwick ancestry was a very ancient and distinguished 13 family, including Roger Fenwick, who was killed in an assault while mounting the breeches at the siege of Dunkirk, 14 June, 165S, and Sir John Fenwick, Baronet, who was tried by Parlia- ment November 6, 1696, to January 11, 1697, for adhering to King James The vote in the House of Lords was 66 for, to 60 against the bill of attainder, and in the House of Commons 1S9 to 156. [State Trials, vol. 13, pp. 53S to 759. J The family have lived for fourteen centuries near Xewcastle- on-Tyne. In this country they were connected with the Dray- tons and Tattnalls of South Carolina and Georgia, and Col. John Roger Fenwick, U. S. Army. Rebecca Parker m. Dr. Samuel Clarke, of Newton, Mass., 18 May, 1805. Rev. James Freeman Clarke, D.D., was her son. Caroline m. Rufus K. Page of Hallowell, Me., 25 Mar., 1819. Julia Knox m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, of Augusta, Ga., 12 Sept. 1825 ; d. 26 June, 1842. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, born Sept. 10, 1836. His son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., b. Mar. 23, (872, now Captain of Artillery, U. S. Army. (See Wheeler Gene- alogy.) WHEELER— FULLER. John Fuller, b. 1620; came with J. Winthrop, Jr., in the Abigail (Hackwell, master), in 1635 ; settled in Newton, 1644.* Was a wealthy man and one of the largest land-owners in the town, and the family owned what is now a part of Newton for 200 years. Twenty-two of his desendants from that town were in the war of the Revolution, m. Elizabeth ; d. Feb. 7, 1696. She d. Apr. 13, 1700. 2D GEN. IN .AMERICA. Their 8 child rcn wcrc : John, b. 1645. Joshua, b. 1654. Jonathan, b. 1648. Jeremiah, b. 1658. Elizabeth, b. 1650. Bertha, b. 1661. Joseph, b. 1652. Isaac, b. 1665. John m. (i) Abigail Boyleston, 1682; (2) Margaret Hicks, 1714. Elizabeth m. Job Hyde, 1667. Joshua m. Elizabeth, dau. of John Ward, Jr., of Newton, 1679. * Clarke's " Fullers of New England." p. 3. speaks of Edward Fuller and Dr. Samuel Fuller and John Fuller as of the same lamily. but does not state what relation, if any, existed. Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller is a direct descendant of Edward Fuller. 14 Joseph Fuller, b. 1652; m. Dec, 16S0, Lydia Jackson, dau. ot Edward Jackson, of Newton; was Captain of the New- ton Horse Co., and was Selectman for 5 years; d. 5 Jan. 1740. His wife, Lydia, d. in 1726. 31) GEN. Their 7 children were : John, b. 1 68 1. Edward, b. 7 Mar., 1694. Joseph, 2, b. 4 July, 16S5. Isaac, b. 16 Mar, 1698. Jonathan, b. 7 Jan., 16S7. Elizabeth, b. i July, 1701. Lydia, b. 15 Feb., 1692. Lydia m. Stratton. Elizabeth m. Josiah Bond, 1720. Some of the nieces of Joseph Fuller, No. i, married as follows : Elizabeth, dau. of Joshua, m. Isaac Shepard, 1702. Han- nah m. Stephen Cook, of Watertown. Experience m. (i) Mason ; (2) John Child. Mercy m. Cady. Abigail m. Joseph Garfield. Sarah m. Richard Park. Ruth m. Cheney. Joseph Fuller, No. 2, b. July 4, 1685; m. May 11, 1719, Sarah, dau. of Abraham Jackson ; was chosen representative to General Court in 1749; was Sel,ectman six years; d. 23 April, 1766. Wife d. 21 Nov., 1764. ^ 4TH GEN. Their 2 children were : Abraham, b. 23 Mar., 1720. Elizabeth, b. Oct.. 1722. Elizabeth m. Rev. Isaac Jones, of Weston, 1749. Abraham Fuller, b. 23 Mar., 1720; m. Sarah Dyer, of Weymouth, in 175S. He was Selectman 4 years; Representative in General Court 18 years ; Delegate to Provincial Congress; Senator, Councillor, and Judge of Court of Common Pleas, Middlesex County; was a member of the Convention assembled in 1788 to ratify the Constitution of the L'nited States; d. 20 April, 1794. His wife d. 7 April, 1803. 5TH GEN. Their dau., Sarah Fuller, b. 27 April, 1759; m. Col. \Vm. Hull in 1 781, a distinguished officer of the Revolution. He d. '"\ Oct., 1825; she d. I Aug., 1826. 6th gen. Their dau., Julia Knox, m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, of Augusta, Ga. 15 7 111 GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b. 1836. 8th gen. His son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., No. 4, b. 1872. (See Wheeler and Hull gens.) WHEELER— SMITH. Nicholas Smith, b. in Holland, 1631 ; m. July 12, 1664, Mary or Mercy Tibbals (b.- 1643), dau. of Captain Thomas Tibbals, of Milford. Oct. 28, 1662, was granted one-half an acre of land in Milford, Conn. 2D GEN. Their children were : , Samuel, b. Feb. 14, 1667. John, b. July 20, 1774. Martha, b. Apr. 7, 1669. Cornelius, b. Dec. 12, 1675. Andrew, b. Dec. 3, 1670. Josiah, b. July, 1677. Sarah, b. July 19, 1673. Hannah, b. July 29, 1681. Andrew Smith (b. Dec 3, 1673; d. Mar., 1727), son of Nicholas Smith and Mary Tibbals of Milford, removed to Derby and died there. He m. May 21, 1696, Sarah Tomlinson, dau. of William Tomlinson, of Derby. 3D GEN. Their children were : Nathan, b. 9 Feb., 1697. Rachael, b. 24 Mar., 1708. Jonah, b. 22 Sept., 1699. Andrew, b. 3 Oct., 171 1. Hannah, b. 12 May, 1701. Joseph, b 29 July, 1715. Josiah, b. 15 June, 1703. Hannah, b. 12 May, 1718. Mary, b. 12 Feb , 1705. Jonah Smith m. Grace Riggs 22 Mar., 1726. 4TH GEN. Their 5 children were : Isaac, b. 18 Mar., 1734. Hannah, b. 15 July, 1742. Sarah, b. i July, 1738. Edward, b. 25 Sept., 174S. Esther, b. 18 Dec, 1739. Isaac Smith m. Lucy Clarke, dau. William and Hannah Clarke, and sister to Elizabeth Clarke, wife of Joseph Hull, 30, cf Derby. 5TH GEN. Their 3 children were : Lucy, b. 22 Dec, 1754, d. 13 Feb., 1S17. Esther, b. 4 Feb., 1756. Charity, b. 22 Dec, 1/5/. Lucy Smith m. Joseph Wheeler, No. i, 1773. 16 6rH GEN. Their son. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, b. 9 Aug, 1787. 7TH GEN. His son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b. 1S36. 8th gen. His son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr, No. 4, b. 1872. (See Wheeler and Riggs gens.) WHEELER— DYER. Thomas Dyer, freeman, 1640; Representative to General Court 1646 to 1650; d. 1676. Wife, Agnes. 2L- GEN. Their children were : Mary, b. 1641. Sarah, b. 1649. John. b. 1643. Thomas Xo 2, b 1651. Thomas, b. 1645. Joseph,)^^ ^^3 Abigail, b. 1647. Benjamin, ) Joseph E)yer, freeman, 1681; m. Hannah, 16S2. 3D GEN. Their children were : Hannah, b 10 Oct., 1682. John, b. 9 Apr., 1692. Hannah, b. 13 Feb., 1684. Thomas, b. 15 Apr. 1694. Joseph, 2, h. 19 Jan , 1686. Mehitabel. b. 9 June, 1700. Beniamin, b. 13 Apr., 1688. Sarah, b. 29 Aug., 1702. Mary, b 12 April, 1690. Joseph Dyer, No. 2, m. Jane Stephens, 1726. 4TH GEN. Their 6 children were : Sarah, b 20 Mar., 1727. Asa, b. 26 July, 1739. Jane, b 2 May, 1729. Mary, b 13 Mar.. 1744 Joseph, b. 7 Sept., 1733. James, b. 14 June, 1746. Sarah m. Judge Abraham Fuller, 1758. 5TH GEN. Their dau., Sarah, b. 1759; m. Col. Wm. Hull, 17S1 , d. Aug. 1826. 6th gen. Their dau., Julia Knox Hull, b. 1799; m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, of Augusta, Ga., 1825. 7TH GEN. Their son, Joseph, No. 3, b. 1836. 8th gen. His son, Joseph, Jr., No. 4. b. 1872. (See Wheeler, Hull, and Fuller gens.) 17 WHEELER— JOHNSON— WOOSTER. Peter Johnson b. in England about i6oS; in Boston, 1638- removed to Fairfield 1649. 2D GEN. His son, Ebenezer Johnson, b. 1649; settled in Stratford and removed to Derby about 1668; m. Elizabeth, dau. of Edward Wooster, in 1671. (Edward Wooster, of Milford, b. m England, 1622; was one of the first settlers of Derby. He was grandfather of Gen. David Wooster, who served with great honor in the Revolution, and d. 1777) 3D GEN. Their children were : Elizabeth, b. 1672. Ebenezer, 2, b. 22 Feb., 1687. Eunice, b. 1678. Timothy, b. 1693. Hannah, b. 1680. Charles, b. 1696. Peter, b. 1684. Ebenezer, No. 2, b. 1687 ; m. Elizabeth Hine, 19 Feb., 1 7 19; was Lieutenant, 1722; was Selectman of Derby for many years; d. 10 Sept., 1751. 4TH GEN. Their children were : Hannah, b. 1719. David, b. 1725. Sarah, b. 1721. Ann, 26 June, 1727. Ebenezer, b. 1723. Alexander, Sept., 1729. Sarah Johnson m. Capt. James Wheeler, 19 May, 1736. 5TH GEN. Their son, Joseph, No. i, b. 1748. 6th GEN. His son Joseph, No. 2, b. 1787. 7TH GEN. His son Joseph, No. 3, b. 1836. 8th GEN. His son, Joseph, Jr., No. 4, b. 1872. (See Wheeler genealogy.) WHEELER— RIGGS. Edward Riggs, b. about 15S5; m. Elizabeth; came from England and settled in Roxbury, Mass., 1633; d. 1672. 2D GEN, Their children were : Lydia, Elizabeth, Edward, Mary. WHEL. GEN. — 2. i8 Edward, b. in England, about 1605; was sergeant in Pe- quot war, 1637. Wallace's '• Riggs Genealogy" says : " In 1637 he was a sergeant in the Pequot War and greatly distinguished himself in rescuing his commander and 12 of his companions from an ambus- cade. The bravery of this act is a prominent feature in the history of the campaign." '' Hubbard's Indian Wars," pp. 33-34, speaks of a fight in which Sergeant Edward Riggs was engaged with the Pequots in a swamp near the present site of Stratford, July 13, 1637, and says : "Some were in danger of the enemies' arrows that flew thick about them; others were in as much hazard of being swallowed by the mirey bogs of the swamp, wherein they stuck so fast that if Sergeant Riggs of Roxbury had not rescued two or three of them, they had fallen into the hands of the enemy; but such was the strength and courage of those that came to the rescue, that some of the Indians were slain with their swords." He settled in Milford, Conn., 1646, and in 1654 he and Ed- ward Wooster moved to Derby and were its first settlers. Ser- geant Riggs rn. Elizabeth Roosa, 1635. 3D (JE\. Their children were : Edward, Samuel, Joseph. Mary. Samuel ni. (i) Sarah Baldwin, 14 June, 1667; (2) Sarah Washburn, 6 May, 1713; Representative several years; Select- man of Derby for many years; Ensign, 1690; Justice of the Peace, 1703. A man of ability and means. 4TH GEX. Their children were : Samuel, b. 1671. Elizabeth, b. 7 Oct.. 16S0. Sarah, b. 1672. Edward, b. 7 Oct., 16S0. Sarah, b. 1674. Sarah, 16S3. John, b. 1676. Joseph, b 1686. Ebenezer, b. 15 Oct., 1678. Edward, b. 7 Oct., 1680; m. Abigail Nichols, 5 Jan., 1708; d 25 Nov., 1712. 5TH (".EN. Their children were : Grace, b 9 Oct., 1708. Esther, b. 1713. Abigail, b. 1 7 1 1. Grace Riggs, b. 170S. m. Jonah Smith. 22 Mar.. 1726. 19 6th gen. Their son, Isaac Smith, b. i8 Mar., 1734; m. Lucy Clarke. 7TH OF.x. Their dau., Lucy Smith, b. 22 Dec, 1754; m. Joseph Wheeler, No. i, 1773; d. 13 Feb., 1S17. 8th gex. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, b. 9 Aug., 1787; m. Julia Knox Hull. 9TH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b. 10 Sept., 1836. loTH GEN. His son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., No. 4, b. 21, Mar., 1872. (See Wheeler, Hull, Smith gens.) WHEELER— FULLER— JACKSON. Christopher Jackson, b. England about 1560. 2D GEN. His sons were : Deacon John Jackson, b. London about 1600. Edward Jackson, b. London about 1602; bapt. 3 Feb., 1604. Edward Jackson, freeman, 1645; settled in Newton. 1646; m. (i) in England about 1630; (2) Mrs. Elizabeth Oliver, ne'e Newgate, 1649. 3D GEN. His children were : Frances. Jonathan. Israel. Sebas. Margaret, b. 1633. Sarah, b. 1649. Hannah, b. 1634. Edward, b. 1652. Rebecca, b. 1636. Lydia, b. 1656. Caleb, b. 1638. Elizabeth, b. 1658. Joseph, b. 1639. Ruth, b. 1664. Sebas (Seaborn) is supposed to have been born on the pas- sage to America; he was the youngest son of the English wife. Lydia m. Joseph Fuller, 1679. 4TH GEN. Their son, Joseph, b. 4 July, 1685; m. Sarah, dau. Abraham Jackson. 5TH GEN. Their son, Abraham Fuller, b. 23 Mar., 1720; m. Sarah Dyer. 20 6th gen. Their ciau . Sarah, b. 1759; m. Col. \Vm. Hull. 7TH r.EN. Their dau., Julia Knox, b. 1799; m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2. Sth ge.n. His son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b. 1836. 9TH GEN. His son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 4, b. 1872. (See Wheeler, Fuller, Hull gens.) WHEELER— JACKSON. Christopher Jackson, b. England about 1560. 2D GEN. His sons were : Deacon John Jackson, b. London, bapt. 3 Feb., 1604. Edward, b. London, bapt. 3 Feb., 1604. Deacon John settled in Newton, 1639; freeman 1641. 3D GEN. His children were : John, b. 1639. Deliverance, b. 1657. Caleb, b. 1645. Joshua, b. 1659. Hannah, b. 1646. Isobel, b. 1661. Abigail, b. 1647. Mary, b. 1662. Margaret, b. 1649. Grace. Edward, b. 1650. Theodosia. Ann. Sarah. Abraham, 1655. Abraham m. Elizabeth I-3isco. 4TH GEN. Their children were : Elizabeth, b. 1680. Mary, b. 16S9. lohn. b. 1C82. Abigail, b. 1690. Sarah, b. 16S3 Abigail, b. 1692. Margaret, b. 16S5. Abraham, b. 1693. Mary, b. 1686. Thomas, b. 1O94. Hannah, 1687. Elizabeth m. Ephraim Williams. Her first son was the foun- der of Williams College. Hannah m. (1) James Trowbridge, Jr., 1712 ; (2) John Fuller, son of Joseph Fuller, Sr., Feb., 1716. Sarah m. Joseph Fuller, 2, 11 May, 1719. J. 21 5TH GEN. Their son was Abraham Fuller, b. 23 Mar., 1720; m. Sarah Dyer. 6th r.EN. His dau., Sarah, b. 1759; m. Col. \Vm. Hull 7TH GEN. Their dau, Julia Knox, b. 1799; m. Jos- eph Wheeler, No 2. 8th gen. Their son was Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b 1836. 9TH gen. His son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., No. 4, b. 1872. (See Wheeler, Fuller and Hull gens.) WFIEELER— NICHOLS. Sergeant Francis Nichols b. England about 1595; one of the original proprietors in Stratford, Conn., and Southold, L. I., 1639 ; was closely related — probably brother — to Col. Richard Nichols, first English Governor of New York, and commander, under the Duke of York, of the fleet which took the New Netherlands from the Dutch in 1664. (See Ms. of C. W. de Lyon Nichols, and History of Stratford, p. 1251.) 2D gen. His 5 children were : Isaac, b. England. Daughter, b England. Caleb, b. ' " Anne, b. after 1639. John, b Caleb Nichols m. Anne, dau. of Andrew Ward, of Fair- field, d. 1690. 3D gen. Their 13 children were : Sarah, b. i Dec, 1651. Abigail, b. 6 Feb., 1664. Anne, b. 5 Mar., 1653. Hannah, b 6 Aug., 1667. Esther, b. 17 Feb. 1055. Caleb, b. Feb., 1669. Joseph, b. 22 Dec, 1656. Phebe. b. 12 Nov., 167 1. Samuel, b. 29 Mar , 1658. Mary, b. 1674. Andrew, b. 28 Nov., 1659. John, b. 12 Nov., 1676. Abraham, b. 19 Jan., 1662. Sarah m Moses Wheeler, Jr., 20 Oct., 1674. Esther m. John Prentice. Abigail m. Wm. Martin. Hannah m Wm. Nichols. Phebe m. Isaac Knell, Jr. Mary m. Joseph Hull. Joseph Wheeler, Xo. 3, b. 1836, was 7 in descent from Sarah Nichols (Wheeler), and also 7 in descent from her sis- ter, Mary Nichols (Hull), and 9 in descent from Sergeant Francis Nichols. (See Wheeler and Hull gens.) WHEELER— NEWGATE— DE HOO or HOO. The records of the Hoo or de Hoo and the Newgate or New- digate families, from whom the Jackson, Fuller, and Wheeler families are descended, are taken from records of wills, family records, tombstones, and from Salisbury's Genealogies and Berry's County Genealogies. Professor Salisbury's valuable work on Genealogy, p. 502, says : "We have abstracts of the principal Hoo wills recorded at Bury-St -Ed- munds, and find no mention of any transmission of land except in the line we give as that of Walter Hoo. But, as we have seen, we can with great proba- bility go farther back with our line of Hoos ; for the same lands appear to have been held in the same family for at least four generations previous to 'John off Hoc' who died in 1485, which would make Walter Hoo to have been of at least the seventh generation in possession." The genealogical works we have mentioned give very strong circumstantial, and what is very short of positive, evidence that the De Hoo line extends without break or interruption from Sir Robert Hoo, who died 1000, to John off Hoo, who died 14S5 — he being the 10th gen. from Sir Robert Hoo; but in order to adhere to our determination to reject all records which are not sustained by unquestioned evidence, we commence the record of the Hoo family with John off Hoo, whose extensive land holdings Salisbury and other writers upon genealogy assert had been in possession of the same family — his immediate ancestors — for at least four generations. isi GEN. John off Hoc, of Hessett Co., Suffolk, born about 1400; built the chapel and battlements of the church of St. Ethelbert, in Hessett, prior to 1480. Will dated 14S5. Sir Walter Hoo, his principal executor, m. Katherine, dau. and heir of Reynold Tylly. Salisbury's and other works upon genealogy assert that he is descended in the 10th generation from Sir Robert Hoo, Knight of Hoo, who died 1000. 23 2d GEX. John off Hoo's children were : John at HOO, buried 1558. Robert Hoo. Will dated 1500, proved 1519; desired to be buried in St. Ethelbert : m. Agnes ; s. p. They gave the font to the church of St. Ethelbert. John at Hoo m. 3D GEN. His children were : Gualther Hooe (Walter Hoo) of Rougham, prob- ably named for Sir Walter Hoo, witnessed will of Henry Hoo, 1538 ; his own will dated .1587, proved 1589. He inherited the estate transmitted by John off Hoo; m. i, ; m. 2, Agnes Lockwood, Oct., 1561 — she d. 1586. Henry of Hessett, will dated 1538. Robert of Hessett, in 1570; m. John. William of Hessett, m. Alys ; will proved 1541; de- sired to be buried in churchyard of Hessett ; left legacies to father, mother, children, bretheren, sisters and the church; wife Alys sole executrix. John and Robert Hoo witnessed his will. Edmond. 4TH GEN. Gualther Hoo's children were : John, eldest son and heir; m. (i), Elizabeth buried 1626; m. (2), Elizabeth buried 1651. Jeremy, m. John, 2d. youngest son, m. Joane, youngest dau. of Gualther Hoo, m. 13 Dec, 1578, Phillipe Newegate of Great Horningsheath — buried Aug. i, 1636; will dated July 5, 163C. Joane buried Oct. 10, 1620. 5TH GEN. Their children were : John, b. Southwark, 1580. Joseph, bapt. Dec. 8, 1585. Audrey, bapt. Feb. 25, 1581. Marie, bapt. Apr. 8, 1588. John, 2d, bapt. Nov. 24, 1583. Anne. John Newdigate (b. 1580) m. Lidia ; d. 1620. 6th gen. Their dau. was Elizabeth Newdigate, b. 1617, near London: m. (i), Rev. John Oliver; m. (2), Edward Jackson, Sr., of Newton, Mass., 1649. 24 7TH GEN. Their dau. was Lydia JackSOn, b. 1656: m. Dec. 1680, Joseph Fuller — b. 1652. 8th gen. Their son, Joseph Fuller, 2, b. 1685; m. May IX, 1719, Sarah, dau. Abraham Jackson. 9TH GEN. Their son, Abraham Fuller, b. Mar. 23, 1720; m. Sarah Dyer of Weymouth, 1758. loTH GEN. Their dau., Sarah Fuller, b. Apr. 27, 1759; m. Col. Wm. Hull, in 1781; he b. June 24, 1753, d. 1825; she d. Aug. I, 1826. iiTH GEN. Their dau., Julia KnOX Hull, b. Mar. 10, 1799; m. Joseph Wheeler, Xo. 2; he b. Aug. 9, 17S7, d. 1866; she d. June 26, 1842. I2TH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, 3, b. Sept. lo. 1836; m. Daniella Jones, Feb. 8, 1866. 13TH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, 4, b. 1S72 (See Wheeler, Hull and Xewdigate gens.) WHEELER— XEWDIGATE. Branch of Norfolk family of Neicgate or Newdigate, a Branch from the ancient family in Surrey. 1ST GEN. William Newgate or Newdigate, of Ickworth, 2^4 miles from Bury St. Edmund's Co.. Suffolk; b. 1485; will dated Sept. 28, 1528, proved 1530; desired to be bur- ied at Ickworth; m. Katherine. 2D GEN. Their children were : Robert the Elder, will states "under 16 years of age, 28 Sept.. 1528," of Great Horningsheath Co., Suffolk; m. Thomasine . who d. Dec, 1599; he d. 1 60S. Richard, will states "under 16 years of age, 28 Sept., 1528." "Robert the Younger," will states "under 16 years of age, 28 Sept., 1528 " Elizabeth, will states "under 16 years, 28 Sept., 1528"; m. John Hande, 1558. ^ ;^D GEN. Tlie children of "Robert the Elder" and Thomasine were : Phillipe Newegate, of Great Hornlngsheath, bur- ied Aug. I, 1636; will dated July 5, 1636; m. Joane, daughter of Gualther Hoo of Hessett, Dec. 13, 1578; buried Oct. 10, 1620. Robert, bapt. July, 1563, buried 1632; m. Elizabeth Buck- inham, Feb. 21, 1586. Anne m. Henry Frost, Oct. 4, 1601. Rose m. James Bower, Feb. 22, 1578. 4TH GEN. The children of Phillipe Newegate and Joane Hoo were : John Newdigate, born in Southwark, near London Bridge, circ, 1580; "in Boston, New England, 1632;" Freeman of Mass., 1634; d. 1665 ; m. i, Lidia , d 1620; m. 2, Thomasine Hayes, Nov. i, 1620, d. 1625; m. 3, Anne ( ) Hunt Draper. Andrey or Adrean = Andrianne, bapt. Feb. 25, 1581, to whom her father gave all the estate left after his de- cease. He had probably given his lands previously to his eldest son. John 2d, bapt. Nov. 24, 1583; of Bury St. Edmund's. Will proved, 1649: left property to brother John, in New England, and to brother Joseph, m. Sarah , who m. 2dly Thomas Frost. Joseph, bapt. Dec. 1585; d. after 1642. Maria, bapt. Apr. 8, 158S; buried, 1594. Anne, m. Robert Manning, 1616. 5TH GEN. The children of John Newdigate and Lidia were: Thomas, bapt. 1613; d. infant. John, bapt. 1616, d. infant. Elizabeth, bapt. 1617-1S; m. i. Rev. John Oliver; m. 2, Edward Jackson, 14 Mar., 1649. Lidia, bapt. 1620; d. infant. Children by 2d mar. were : Sarah, bapt. 162 i; m, Capt. Peter Oliver John, bapt. 1624; d. before Nov. ^5, 1664. 26 Children by 3d mar. were : Nathaniel, bapt. Apr. 4. 1627; will proved 1668; m. Isa- bella, dau. of Richard Lewis, Esq., sister of Sir John Lewis, Bart., of Ledston Co., York, who m. 2dly, John Johnson. Joseph, not 24 years old in 163S; m. Elizabeth; d. about 1658. Hannah, b. June 28, 1635; d. 1684; m. Simon Lynde. 6th oex. The children of Elizabeth Newdigateand Edward Jackson were : Sarah, b. Jan. 5, 1650; bapt. April 21, 1650; m. Rev. Ne- hemiah Hobert. Edward, b. Dec. 15, 1652. Lydia, b. 1656; m. Joseph Fuller, Dec. 1680; d. 12 Jan., 1726. Her husband, Joseph Fuller, b. 1652; d. 5 Jan., 1740. Elizabeth, b. 165S: m. i, John Prentice, 2, Bond. Hannah, m. Nathaniel Wilson. Ruth, d. unmarried. 7TH GEN. The children of Lydia Jackson and Joseph Fuller were : John, b. 1681. Edward, b. 7 Mar., 1694. Joseph, 2, b. 4 July, 1685. Isaac, b. 16 Mar, 1698. Johnathan, b. 7 Jan., 1686. Elizabeth, b. i July, 1701. Lydia, b. 15 Feb., 1692. Joseph m. Sarah, dau. Abraham Jackson, May 11, 17 19. 8th gen. Their children were : Abraham, b. 23 Mar., 1720; m. Sarah Dyer, 1755. Elizabeth, b. Oct., 1722. 9TH GEN. The dau. of Abraham Fuller and Sarah Dyer was Sarah Fuller, b. Apr. 27, 1759; "■>• Col. \Vm. Hull, 1781 (a dis- tinguished officer of the Revolution); he d. Nov. 25, 1S25; she d. 2 1 Aug., 1826. loiH (.FN. Their dau., Julia KnOX, b. 10 Mar., 1799; m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 2, of Augu^ta. Ga., 12 Sept., 1825. iriii (.EN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 3, b. 10 Sept., 1836; m. Daniella Jones, S I\l>., 1S60. 12TH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, 4, b. 23 Mar., 1872. (See Wheeler and Hull gen.-;.) 27 WHEELER— JONES. Harrison Jones, b. Cumberland Co., Va., 14 Oct., 1757; a soldier of the Revolution ; had leg shot off at battle of Guil- ford Court House, 15 Mar., 1781; received a pension for servi- ces; d. 12 Jan., 1S41, near Oxford, Miss. The first certificate for pension vi'as from the State of Vir- ginia, and was in the following words : " I do, with the advice of the Council, hereby certify that Harrison Jones, aged 30 years, late a private in the militia of the county of Cumberland, ap- pears to have been disabled in such a manner while in the service of the United States as to entitle him to the sum of fifteen pounds yearly, which allowance is accordingly made him, to commence from the first day of January, 1786. "Gi\'EN under my hand, as Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, at Richmond, this 25th day of January. 1787. EDMONn R.J^NDOLPH. '* T. Merewither." Harrison Jones m. Ann Ligon, b. 24 June, 1765 — d. 30 June, 1842. 21) GEN. Their 8 children were : Thomas L., b. i May, 1783. Weldon. b. 25 Dec, 1790. Elizabeth, b. 16 Nov.. 1785. Richard, b. 29 June, 1793. John Peyton, b. i May. 1787. Harrison, b. 15 July, 1795. Daniel, b. 27 Mar., 1789. William S., b. 27 June, 1803. John Peyton's son volunteered for the Mexican war, and d. in the service. His daughter, Catherine, m. Jacob Thompson, many years in Congress, and Secretary of the Interior, 1857 to 1861. Richard, graduated with first honors Athens College, 1S12; was sergeant-major Colonel Floyd's regiment, 1812 to 1814; m. 5 May, 181 8, Lucy W., dau. Governor Peter Early, of Georgia, b. 18 Oct., 1799; d. 31 Oct., 1869. He d. 3 Feb, 1883. 3D GEN. Their children were : Peter Early, b. 15 Feb, Edwin Peyton, b. 4 Mar., 1S24. 1819. Richard Theodore, b. 15 Aug., Thomas Harrison, b. 17 1825. Sept., 1820. Lucy Early, b. 31 Jan., 1827. Ann Early, b. 26 July, Danielia, 1' 20 Aug., 1841. 1822. 23 Peter, Ann, Edwin, Richard and Lucy d. young. Thomas Harrison d. Mar. 25, 1889; he was a prince of courage, chivalry, generosity and love. Daniella m Joseph Wheeler, No 3. 4TH (itN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr, No. 4. b. 23 Mar., 1872. (See Wheeler and Early genealogy.) WHEELER— EARLY. Thomas Early and his wife, Elizabeth, emigrated from county Donegal, Ireland, and settled in Virginia. Elizabeth d. July 6, 17 16. 2D GEN. Their son, Jeremiah, b. Dec. 9, 1705; bapt. Christ Church, Middlesex County, Va., 1705; m. Elizabeth Bu- ford, Oct., 1728, and became a man of great wealth. The distin- guished General Jubal A. Early, and the eminent Bishop John Early, were among his direct descendants. 3D GEN. His children were : Jeremiah, 2, Jubal, Joseph, Sarah, James, Jacob, Joel, Ann, Jonathan, Joab, Joshua, Hannah Jacobus, John, Jeremiah 2d m. i, Sarah ; m. 2. Mary Stith, in Bedford Co, Dec. 23, 1773; he d. 1779. Among his eleven children was Jubal, who m. Mary Cheatham, of Amelia Co., and settled in Franklin Co. (Jubal's son, Joab, m. Ruth Hairston, and their son was the distinguished General Jubal A. Early.) Jacob m. Elizabeth Roberson, in Bedford Co., Mar. iS, 1767, John m. I, Theodoria White (dau. John White, son of Con- yan White, of Leicestershire, England), shed. 1817: m. 2, Ann Wisdom, of King and Queen Co. He had si.\ children, had property in Orange Co., Virginia, d. 1774. Joshua m. Mary Leftwich, in Bedford Co., and had children. Joseph m. Jane : lived in Madison Co. Sarah m. William Kistley, Sr., 'of Culpepper Co., and had five children. He moved to Madison Co , \'irginia, Nov. 2;^, 1795- 29 Ann m. Rogers. Hannah m. Scott. Joel, youngest son, b. in Madison Co., Va.; m. Lucy Smith, in Orange Co., Va.; was Member of the Virginia Convention in 1788, which ratified the Constitution; moved to Wilkes county (now Green county), Georgia, in 1795. He was prominent both socially and politically and a leader in all political undertakings of importance. 4TH GEN. His children, born in Old Culpepper Co., were : Peter, m. Ann Smith. Clement, m. Miss Terrill, d. s. p. Eliezer, m. Jane Sturgis, d. s. p. Alexander, unmarried. Jeremiah, m. 3 times. Joel, m. d. s. p. Mary, m. Geo. Watkins, 1800. Lucy m. Charles, son of Gov. Matthews, of Georgia. Peter b. in Madison county, Va., June 20, 1773; graduated at Princeton College, 1792; m. a sister of General Thomas A. Smith (a distinguished officer of the U. S. army, in whose honor Fort Smith, Arkansas, was named) ; she was also a sister of John T. Smith, known in history as the famous "John Smith T." Peter Early commenced practising law in Georgia in 1795; represented Georgia in the 7th, 8th and 9th Congresses; was member of the Judiciary Committee which reported articles of impeachment against Judge Chase — the articles being prepared by Mr. Early; was afterward Judge of the Supreme Court, and was also a very distinguished Governor of Georgia; d. Aug. 15, 1817. 5TH GEN. Their dau., Lucy Early, m. Richard Jones, who was born in Virginia, graduated at Athens College in 1S12, and served in the War of 181 2. The father of Richard Jones was a soldier in the Virginia forces in the Revolutionary War, and had his leg shot off at Guilford Court House. Richard Jones' eldest brother, Peyton Jones, of Mississippi, was the father of Mrs. Jacob Thompson. Her husband, Jacob Thompson, represented Mississippi in Con- gress for many years, and was Secretary of the Interior under Buchanan. 6th gen. Daniella Jones, the dau. of Richard Jones and Lucy Early, b. Aug. 2c, 1S41; m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 3. 7TH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., Xo. 4. b .^3 Mar., 1872; Captain of Artillery Corps, U.S. Army; was distin- guished in battles of Spanish war in Cuba, and was a major and distinguished in many battles in the Philippines. Thomas Harrison Wheeler, their 2d son, b. Mar. 7, 1S81, was a Cadet in the service of the United States, at the Xaval Acad- emy, and served on the cruiser Columbia, in the Santiago cam- paign — May, June and July, 1898; was afterward on the staff of Major-General Wheeler, at Montauk Point, and on Sept. 7th was drowned in an effort to rescue a companion. Annie Early Wheeler, one of their daughters, was a Red Cross volunteer nurse, with Miss Clara Barton,, in the Santiago campaign, in Cuba, July and August, 1898. When General Wheeler was at Montauk Point, in command of 30,000 soldiers, including the fever-stricken army just re- turned from Cuba, there was such sore need for nurses for the 10,000 sick men, that the General's other three daughters, Lucy, Julia and Carrie Wheeler, gladly gave their services and labored by day and sometimes by night, in the camp hospitals, where the soldiers who were sick with contagious diseases or had been exposed to such maladies were quarantined and detained. While all three were so fortunate as to escape contagion, other lady nurses became prostrated with disease; and Miss Walworth, who worked with them, contracted typhoid fever and died. WHEELER— EARLY— SMITH. Nicholas Smith was a citizen of Gloucester county, Va., in 1697. In 1714 he conveyed to his son land in Essex county. 2D GEN. His son was Captain Nicholas Smith, No. ::, who was a Justice in Essex county, \'a., between 1720 and 1730; sheriff and collector in 1730; vestryman in 1739. 3D GEN. His sons were : Francis. Nicholas. 31 Colonel Francis Smith was vestryman and Justice in 1740; major of horse in 1753, and afterwards colonel; member of the House of Burgesses, 1752-5S. He m. about 1729 Lucy Merri- weather; m. 2, about i-j4-j-4^., Anne Adams, dau. of Ebenezer Adams;- gentleman, of New Kent county, Va. She d. 1775; he d. 1762. 4TH GEX. Their children were : Francis, No. 2, and others. Francis, No. 2, b. about 1749; d. 1814. He lived in Bed- ford county, \'a., in 1771; moved to Georgia, where he became a large property owner; m. Lucy Wilkinson; she d. 1832. 5TH GEN. Their children were : Francis. Thomas Adams Smith, Brig.- John Smith "T," Gen., U. S. Army, 1812. a noted duellist. Anne Adams. Ebenezer. Reuben, ist Lieut. Artillery, William Wilkinson. U. S. Army. Anne Adams, b. 1783; d. 1823. She m. in 1797, Peter Early. 6th gen. Their dau., Lucy, b. 1799; d. 1869; m., in 1818, Richard Jones of Va. 7TH GEN. Their dau., Dan ieila, rn. Joseph Wheeler, No. 3. 8th gen. Their son, Josepil Wheeler, Jr., No. 4, b. 23 Mar., 1872. (See Wheeler gen.) WHEELER— EARLY— ADAMS. Richard Adams, b. Essex county, England; m. Anne ; d. about 1727; she d. after 1734. 2D GEN. Their son, Ebenezer, gent., came to Virginia before 1714; was member of the House of Burgesses, 1718; d. 1735. He m. Tabitha, dau. of Richard Cocke ''the younger, of Bremo." 3D GEN. Their children were : Richard, member of House of Burgesses. Thomas, Member of old Congress, 1778-1780.* » This Thomas Adams, together with Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfooc Lee, signed the articles of Confederation of 1788. for Virginia. * 52 Anne, b. about 1731; d. 1775. Anne m. Col. Francis Smith. 4TH GEN. Their son was Francis Smith. No. 2, who m. Lucy Wilkinson. 5TH GEN. Their dau., Anne AdamS Smith, m. Gov. Peter Early. 6rH GF.N. Their dau., Lucy Early, m Richard Jones. 7TH GEN. Their dau., Daniella Jones, m. Joseph Wheeler No. 3. 8th GEN. Their son, Joseph, Jr., No. 4, b. 1S72. (See Wheeler genealogy.) WHEELER— EARLY— EDLOE. Matthew Edloe (or Edlow) came to Virginia in the Neptune, in i6iS; was member of the House of Burgesses in 1629; m. Alice ; d. 1637. 2D GEN. Their son, Lieut. -Col. Matthew Edloe, was member of House of Burgesses, 1658-59. for James City county. He m. Tabitha , and d. 1668; she d. 1670. 3D GEN. Their children were : John. Tabitha. Tabitha m., 1670, Col. Thomas Bowler, land-holder and member of the Council; he d. 1679. 4TH GEN. Their dau., Anne, b. 23 Jan.. 1675; d. 24 April, 1705; m. Richard Cocke. Her tomb, which still remains at Bremo, Henrico Co., bears the following inscription: Here lieih interred ihe body of A .N .\ E , the wife of Richard Cocke the Younger of Bremo, in this County, and daughter of Thomas Bowler, late of the County of Rappahannock. She was born the 23d day of January, 1675, and departed this life the 24th day of .\pril, 1705, Aged 30 * * * 3 months, i day. ■J 1? * 33 5TH GEN. Their dau., Tabitha, m- Ebenezer Adams. 6th gen. Their dau , Anne, m. Col. Francis Smith. 7TH GEN. Their son, Francis Smith, No. 2, m. Lucy Wil- kinson. 8th gen. Their dau., Anne Adams Smith, m. Gov. Peter Early. 9TH gen. Their dau., Lucy Early, m. Richard Jones. lOTH gen. Their dau., Daniella Jones, m. Joseph Wheel- er, No. 3. iiTH GEN. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., No. 4, b. 23 Mar., 1872. (See W^heeler gen.) WHEELER— EARLY— COCKE. Richard Cocke b. 1600; d. 1665: was member of House of Burgesses for Henrico county, Va., 1644 and 1654. 2D GEN. His son, Richard Cocke, No. 4, b. 1639; d. 1706; Justice in 1678; m. Elizabeth . 3D GEN. His son, Richard Cocke, No. 3, known as "the younger of Bremo," b. 1672; d. 1720: m. Anne Bowler. 4TH GEN. Their dau., Tabitha, m. Ebenezer Adams. 5TH GEN. Their dau., Anne, m. Col. Francis Smith. 6th GEN. Their son, Francis Smith, No. 2, m. Lucy Wil- kinson. 7TH GEN. Their dau., Anne Adams, m. Gov. Peter Early. 8th GEN. Their dau., Lucy, m. Richard Jones of Vir- ginia. 9TH GEN. Their dau., Daniella, m. Joseph Wheeler, No. 3. ioth gen. Their son, Joseph Wheeler, No. 4, b. 23 Mar., 1872. (See Wheeler gen.) Note. — For information in regard to the Smith, Adams, Edloe and Cocke families of Virginia, see; Petsworth Vestry Book; Essex Records: Meade, vol. i, pp. 393, 405; Va. Mag. Hist, and Biog., iii, p. 192; Gazette; IVill-es Co., Ga. Records; Virginia Hist. Register; St. Peters Parish Register, New Kent Co., Va. ; Virginia Land Office Records, i, 435; Hotten, pp. 109, 201; Heming, i, pp. 38, 506; Gen. Court Record, Calender Va. State Paper i, 4, vi, p. 431. WHEL. GEN. — 3. if 34 To Our Dear Children : Your father and mother arranged and printed the foregoing, hoping it may be not only of interest, but profitable to you. It will, at least, be a constant reminder that every act of yours will, in a measure, attach to all of your name and race. In arranging our family genealogical tables, we have rejected and eliminated much data which runs back many centuries, be- cause we cannot find that its verity is sustained by positive evidence, although eminent genealogists insist that it is clearly proven by circumstantial evidence; but we have preferred, in all the foregoing, to confine ourselves to that which is estab- lished by positive, unquestioned evidence and authentic records. The data regarding the Hoo, Newdigate, and Early families, which we cite later on, is only given to assist in further re- search. When a little boy, your father went through old graveyards in New England, with his aunt Mary, and scraped away the moss from very old tombstones while she wrote down the in- scriptions. A few years ago he procured copies of these in- scriptions and other data in the family archives, and of late found much of the same character in the recently published histories of New England towns and New England families. We have no positive information regarding your Wheeler ancestors, prior to their coming to this country. Some of our name have gathered information which they insist connects our family with the Wheelers who were distinguished in the English navy, about 1640 to 1690; but with the records we have, we are unable to state positively about this. The Hon. John H. Wheeler, of North Carolina, conducted a correspondence with your grandfather, Joseph Wheeler, of Au- gusta, Ga., in whirh he contended that our family were the same as that of Sir Francis Wheeler. 35 His work, ]V heelers Reminiscences of North Caro/iria, contain'^ a sketch written by Hon. Joseph Fowler, formerly a United States Senator, which says, (p. i) : "Among the early citizens of the village of Murfreesboro was John Wheeler. He was of an ancient family, long seated around New York. Under a grant of land from Charles II, Joseph Wheeler emigrated from Eng- land, and settled in Newark, New Jersey. Like William Penn, he was the son of a gallant naval officer. Sir Francis Wheeler, an English Admiral, was his father, and the grant of land from the crown was in reward for faithful services." Similarity in given names and, in some instances, remarkable personal resemblance tend to sustain Mr. John H. Wheeler's con- tention; but investigation leads us to believe that if he is cor- rect, our connection with this family must have antedated Moses Wheeler's arrival in this country. Colonel Jerome Byron Wheeler, of New York, obtained much data regarding the Wheelers of England, including a long line of noblemen of that name; but the evidence presented does not with certaintv connect them with the Wheelers of this country. IVhee/er and U'w re/i Families, by Henry Warren Wheeler, 1892, says (p. 9) : "The Wheeler family is of English origin; but no attempt is herein made to give any account of the English family beyond the simple statement that, at least, some of its members belonged to the aristocracy — it being a matter of record that during the reign of Charles II, (1660-1685), Sir Charles Wheeler was appointed 'Captain General of the Caribee Islands,' and that in 1693 the English Fleet, under command of Sir Francis Wheeler, put in to Boston to recruit. Mr. Orcutt, the historian of Stratford, Conn., says that Wheelers were in and around London four hundred years." It is quite true, as stated by Mr. Orcutt, that the Wheelers were in and about London from a very early date. They were well esteemed, honest, industrious people, and all of their de- scendants of this country have certainly sustained that charac- ter. The evidence is, however, quite clear that your Hoo and Newdigate ancestors enjoyed a long line of noble lineage. You will observe that these incomplete records give authen- tic information of over thirty of your ancestors who served their country with credit and gallantry in battle or with dis- tinction in civil positions — and frequently in both capacities, 36 therefore, the record of anyone of these thirty ancestors would enable you to become a member of the Ancient Order of Colo- nial Dames or any similar organization. We regret to be unable at this time to give you more infor- mation regarding the ancestry of Harrison Jones, your mother's paternal grandfather His character — both as a citizen and as a soldier of the Revolution — and the high character and remarka- ble mental and physical attributes of his seven sons, lead us to believe that their ancestors were of the same high order. As before stated, we have in the foregoing rejected all data which was not established by positive evidence; but, for the purpose of assisting any further investigations, we add some data regarding the Xewdigate family, the Hoo family, and the Early family. The chart regarding the Hoo or de Hoo and the Newgate or Newdigate families is reprinted from Salisbury, the only change being to add in our direct line the descendants of Joseph and Lydia Jackson Fuller. It appears from Salisbury's work that Capt Townshend, Rev. Wm. Grigson and Colonel Joseph L. Chester obtained very strong evidence that Robert Hoo, 2d, who m. Beatri.x and d. in 1310, was the 6th gen. from Sir Robert Hoo, who d. 1000. It is stated by Salisbury, and shown by the Newdigate and Hoo family chart, that Robert and Beatrix had at least three sons, including Sir Robert Hoo (7th gen.), who m. Hawyse, and d. 1340; also William, Archdeacon of Bury. After further re- search, Salisbury concludes (page 499) that : "' John off Hoo' descended from Robert Hoo and Beatrix de Andeville, probably through Sir Robert, perhaps through his son, Sir Thomas, or even through his grandson. Sir William. In any case, 'John off Hoo' had possession of the family manor of Hoo, in Hessett, and no doubt by inheritance." In his later chart of combined descents, Salisbury holds that John off Hoo was a son of Sir William Hoo, or possibly his grandson. This uncertainty makes it necessary to reject all data anterior to that referring to John off Hoo, who married Katherine Tylly, and died 14S5. We do this notwithstanding the research by Capt. C. H. Townshend and Rev. William Grig- son, who assert that they regard it as proven that ihe line is unbroken from Sir Robert Hoo, who died 1000, and that John off de Hoo, who died 14S5, is the great-great-grandson of Rob- ert de Hoo, who died 13 10. Salisbury, in his I'amily Histories ani Genealogies, page 505, vol. i, part 2, appears to arrive at the same conclusion. He says : " According to our theory of the ancestry of Joane Hoo, wife of Phillipe Newegate and mother of John Newdigate of Boston, while she did not receive any of this landed property, she inherited from her father, Walter Hoo, a de- scent from the ancient family of Hoo of Bedfordshire, with ancient and noble descents on the female side. He would have had a right to bear the arms of the Bedfordshire Hoos : Quarterly Sa. and Arg. ; and Edmondson gives these arms, slightly varied, as belonging to the Suffolk branch : Quarterly Sa. and Arg., a bend Or. We have, therefore, accepted the latter as the arms of our Hoos, as we can learn of no other Hoo family in Suffolk. Page 506 : " In tracing the lines of our Newdigates and Hoos, we had not expected to make this minute search in their ancient records, but have been led on by the genealogical and historical interest which we have found attached to them. It is seldom that any ancestry but that of the chief line of a family can be traced so far back in England. In this search we have gained much informa- tion concerning the English laws and customs affecting land tenure, and the modes of life of proprietors and tenants for several centuries, reaching back to the Middle Ages." Salisbury also says that Sir Robert de Hoo, who married Hawyse and died 1340, had a son, Sir Thomas, Knt., who mar- ried Isabel St. Leger, and died 1380. Their son, Sir William de Hoo, Knt., died 1410, married Alice St. Omer ; and their son, Sir Thomas de Hoo, Knt., who died 1420, married Eleanor Fel- ton, had a son, Thomas Lord de Hoo, Knt., died 1455, married Elizabeth Wychingham, and their daughter, Anne, married Geoffrey Boleyn. Salisbury says they were ancestors of Ann Boleyn and Queen Elizabeth, Admiral Lord Nelson and Earl of Kimberley, Lord Wodehouse; and if that is correct, these distinguished persons were cousins of Joane de Hoo, who mar- ried Philip Newdigate, and also distant cousins of all the de- scendants of Joane de Hoo. The verity of this is also shown by the de Hoo family chart in Salisbury's genealogies. The Early family in Ireland insist that their records and other historic data proves that Jeremiah Early, bapt. 1705, was in direct descent from the most ancient Irish families. Information upon this subject is also found in the Annals of the Four Masters, an authentic work printed in 1631, and com- piled from ancient Gaelic manuscript. Some interesting data upon this question has been briefly collated by Mr. Samuel Stockwell Early, and published by Mr. Robert Stockwell Hatcher. Jeremiah Early, b. 9 Dec, 1705, was the great-great-great- grandfather of Joseph Wheeler, 4th. The following is given only to assist further research: WHEELER— EARLY. Carbri Lifichar, an ancient king of Ireland, was b. about A.D. ft 't " — ■ His son, Eochaidh Dubhlein, 1>. 260. His sons were : Colki Uais (meaning " the noble"). Colla Meann (meaning ''the famous"). Colla da Crioch (meaning "of the two territories," refer- ring to his possessions in both Scotland and Ireland). The three Collas won the battle of Dublcomar, and thus restored their family to power ; and Colla Uais ascended the throne of Ireland in 322. In 326 he was deposed; but the three Collas, with an army of 21,000 men, after many battles, con- quered the king of L'lster (see Keating's History of Ireland), and erected a new principality. Colla da Crioch became prince of Criomthain, and his pos- terity maintained their authority over it as titular kings of Ulster, until their submission to England, about the year 1300. His descendants were: Fiachra-casan. Diceilidh. Feidlimidh. I'ltan. Tuathal. Cuanach. Colcan. Inrachta. Aongus. Donoch. Maolmocheirgh, founder of the O'Maolmocheirghes. The family of O'Maolrnocheirghe was conspicuous in eccle- siastical capacities. Among them were Muircheartach O'Maol- mochcirghe, a holy bishop of Brefney, who d. A. 1). i 149; Braen O'Maolmocheirghe, a noted abbot of the monastery of Kells, d. 1277; and Aodli ()'?^I. Coarb, of the Abbey of Drumlane, who was drowned A. 1). 1:12. 39 Matthew O'M , a leading chief in the county of Donegal, d. in 1226; and Cathal, "a constantly spending and lastingly affluent gentleman," d. in 1536. During the reigns of the Henrys and the Edwards, this name was anglicised to Early. It is claimed by eminent genealogists that the above are ancestors of your mother's great-grandfather, Jeremiah Early, b. in Virginia, 9 Dec, 1705. WHEELER— NEWGATE or NEWDIGATE. Salisbury, vol. i, part 2, pp. 474 and 475, says : " Beginning our notes upon lohn Xewdigate and his family, we will first refer to the different spellings of his name. His grandfather and father, in their Wills, called themselves respectively, 'Robert Kewegate' and 'Phillip Newegate,' as if omitting only the letter ' d ' from the complete spelling of the name. In his own Will he calls himself 'Newgate.' Savage writes his name 'Newgate or Newdigate.' In his sale of land in Tymworth, four miles N. by E. from Bury St. Edmund's, County, Suffolk, Engl., in 1639-40, he is called 'Newdigate alias Newgate.' In the records of the old Lynde Bible of 1595, which belonged to his grandson, Mr. Simon Linde (see Lynde, Salis- bury p. ) he is called 'Mr. John Newdigate.' His son Nathaniel, in his Will, calls himself 'Nathaniel Newdigate, als. Newgate of London.' ?li» great-grandson, the second Chief Justice, Benjamin Lynde, in the old Lynde Pedigree, calls him ' Mr. John Newdigate.' On searching for his his- tory we find that the family to which he belonged in England had called itself for many generations ' Newgate als. Newdigate.' Will of Mr. John Newdi- gate shows us that the home of his immediate family was at Great Horning- sheath, in Suffolk, where several preceding generations had lived, about forty miles from Holkham, in the adjoining county of Norfolk, where the Newgates als. Newdigates had been long established." Page 478 : " In regard to John Newdigate and his ancestry, we give the following facts from the Lynde family papers and Boston public records, and from copies of Wills and records obtained by Capt. Townshend in County Suffolk, England : " Mr. John Newdigate, who was of 'Boston in New England in 1632,' as Savage says (vol. 3, pp. 272-3), and was made a Freeman there in 1634-35; was born, according to a record in the old Lynde pedigree by the second Chief Justice Benjamin Lynde, ' in South''' near ye [London] Bridge.' An early Will of his, however, dated in 163S, when he was about to return to England on a visit, gives to his eldest son, John Newgate, 'all those my lands and Tene ments lying in Horningshcath, in the County of Suffolk in England, our native Country, To have and to hold the same to him and his heirs forever.'" 40 Page 479 : "This, taken together with the reference to Newdigate arms in the old Lynde pedigree, which we have noticed in speaking of that document, marks the family of John Newdigate as belonging to the landed gentry of England, among whom the Xewdigates have held a distinguished position from time immemorial down to this present day." " The first direct ancestor of this line whom we can distinctly trace is Wil- liam Newgate, born before 1500, of Ickworth (two and one-half miles S. \V. from Bury St. Edmund's), whose wife was Katherine, and whose Will desig- nates his children as ' Robert- the Elder," Richard- ' Robert- the Younger' and Elizabeth,- all 'under 16 the 23th of Sept., 152S.' Elizabeth married John ijande i.i 1553. ' Robert the Elder," so called in his Will, 'of* Great Mornings- heath, CO. Suffolk," married Thomasine , who was buried Dec. 5. 1599." Page 4S0 : " Robert and Thomasine had children; Phillipe.* Robert.^ who married Elizabeth Buckinham,*'' Feb. 21, 1536; and Anne.^ who married Henry Frost, Oct. 4, 1601. The eldest son of Robert and Thomasine, called in his (Robert's) Will, dated July 5, 1636, ' Phillipe Newegate of the towne of Great Horningsheaih, County Suffolk," married Dec. 13, 1575, Joane, daughter of Gu-llher (Walter) Hoo of Hessett, co. of Suffolk, a large land holder and owner in Hessett and Rougham (see Hoo). He was buried August i, 1636. She was buried Oct. 10, 1620. Their children, as we learn from records and Wills, were: i, John^ — barn at Southwark, near London Bridge, about isSo — our ancestor, who went to New England; 2 .\ndrey* (or Adrean), i. e., Andri- anne, baptized Feb. 25, 15S1; 3, John^, baptized Nov. 24, 1533, 'maulster'of Bury St. Edmund's, co. Suffolk, whose wife was Sarah, and who left property to his brothers, John in New England, and Joseph.'' His widow married Thomas Frost. ".Abstract of Will of John Newgate, of Bury St. Edmund's, County Suf- folk, England, dated Oct. 12, 1642 : "'To Sarah, loving wife, the use of house, lands and other property in Bury St. Edmund's, for life. Then to brother Joseph Newgate for life — After decease of said Joseph, Then the same to be and remain unto my brother, John Newgate, now living resident in the parts beyond the seas called New England, and to his heirs forever. JOHN NEWGATE."' Salisbury reproduces many" records regarding John Newdi- gate, and on page 481, says : "These facts show us definitely his social position, both in England and in this country. In England he was a landed proprietor, a descendant of and connected with heraldic families." "Mr. Newdigate held a position of dignity and influence in this country, and was one of the largest property owners in and near Boston [p. 482.] He came to Boston in 1632. He had been living in St. Olave Parish, near London Bridge, where the records of his family are found. His house in Boston was 41 on the wesl slope of Beacon Hill, a little East of Cambridge Street. His chil- dren married into some of the best families of Boston, and his descendants — Lyndes, Winthrops, Bowdoins, Olivers, Walters, Temples, Ervings, Valentines, Hulls. Fullers. Clarkes, I'ages, McLellans, Hickmans. Otises, Reads, and other noted lines — have maintained their hereditary dignity in Massachusetts, and a branch of the Lyndes has maintained it in Connecticut." " In his new home in New England, Mr. Newdigate became prominent in civil affairs and liberal with his large wealth." The dignity of the family has been ably maintained by the McKessons, Camps, Herricks, Kirklands, Vennards, Ferrys, Ire- lands, Williams, and the families of Sterling Smith, and Baxter and Bruce Brown, a nephew of the philanthropist, Catherine Wolf, in New York, and by the Campbells, Kollocks, Montgom- erys, Simms and Harrison of Georgia, and the Meads of Vir- ginia. The dignity of these ancient Hoo and Newdigate fami- lies has also been well maintained by their Wheeler descendants in Georgia and Alabama. Salisbury continues, page 483 : "John Newdigate was born about 1580 and died Sept. 4, 1665. He mar- ried Lidia, who died 1620. They had two sons and one daughter, who died in infancy. He had another daughter, Elizabeth, bapt. Jan. i, 1617-13, who married ist. Rev. John Oliver, first minister of Rumney Marsh (Chelsea, Mass.);' and 2d, in 1648, married Edward Jackson, a merchant of Boston. "The Will of John Newdigate, dated 25 Nov., 1664, gives [p. 487]: 'To son-in-law, Edward Jackson, that married with my daughter Elizabeth,' etc. * * * * ' To all living children of daughter Elizabeth by Edward Jackson." Page 4S7 and following : "Edward Jackson and Simon Lynd were the executors of John Newdi- gate's Will. "John Newdigate had a son, Nathaniel, by his third marriage, baptized .■\pril 24, 1627, married Isabella, daughter of Richard Lewis, and sister of Sir John Lewis, Baronet, of Ledston, County York. " His Will, proved 22 Sept., 1668, said [p. 489] : ' I give all my Lands, Tenements and hereditaments in New England to my sonne, Nathaniell New- gate, and his heirs (males) of his Bodie.' "Codicil dated 8 Sept., 166S : ';^ioo to be disposed of to such silenced Ministers as Doctor Wilkins [brother-in-law of Oliver Cromwell and afterward Bishop of Chester. — C.H.T.] and Edmund White shall direct.'" And on pages 490-491 : "Nathaniell Newdigate mentioned in this Will, was born 1663. He mar- ried June 5, 1688, Sarah Lynde. " He practised law in Newport. R. I., and lived in a house on the east side of Broadway. He died Jan. 31, 1746." 42 Salisbury says, p. 491 : " No son of Nathaniel Newdigate, Esq., and Sarah Lynde. his wife, sur- vived them ; and upon his death the name of the ancient and honorable family cf Newdigate became extinct in our branch." Professor Salisbury must mean ihat Nathaniel Newdigate was the last of his name in this country, as the name still sur- vives in England. After some search we found the graves of Nathaniel Newdi- gate and his wife, Sarah, in the graveyard at Newport. They are about 20 paces south of the Perry monument, and are in a good state of preservation. The great antiquity of the family of Newgate, Newdegate or Newdigate — as it was written at different periods — is shown by the letters of Sir Edward Newdigate, a Lieut. -General, and those of Lieut. -Col. Francis William Newdigate, Coldstream Guards, both of the English Army. (See Salisbury, p. 477.) Sir Edward states that the family dates from King John, 1214, and this is sustained by the Newdigate and Hoo family pedigrees which appear in Professor Salisbury's genealogical work, and which we republish. WHEELER HOO or de HOO. Some of the descendants of the Newdigate and the Hoo families, through their daughters, are given by Salisbury, page 482. They also include the families of Wetmore, Wheeler, McKesson, Hull, Clark, Camp, and others. Salisbury, page 493, says : "In regard to the maternal ancestry of John Newdigate, whose father Phillipe Newegate of Great Horningsheath married Joane, daughter of Gual- iher (Walter) Hoo, of Hessett, Co. Suffolk. The family of Hoo had a Saxon origin and was settled in Kent. At the end of the reign of King John they were seated in Bedfordshire. "In 1292, Robert'^ de Hoo, who married Beatrix, daughter of Alexander Earl de Andeville in Normandy, is mentioned as holding lands in Herts, Bedford, Cambridge and 0.\ford. His son, Sir Robert' Hoo, married Hawyse, daugh- ter of Fulk Lord Fitzwarine. Sir Thomas'* de Hoo, Knt., son of Sir Robert, married Isabel, only child of John de St. Leger, Lord of the m.inor of Offley St. Leger, Co. Herts, and heiress to large estates in Sussex, Northamptonshire and Herts; he died 13S0. Their son. Sir William" de Hoo, Knt., was an import- ant man during the reigns of Edward HI, Richard II and Henry IV. He was 43 in the king's service al Calais in 1370, and in 1387 was made Captain or Gover- nor of the castle of Oye, in Picardy, which office he retained through the reign of Richard II, leaving a deputy, in 13S7, when about to proceed to the ' Holy City of Jerusalem,' to be absent possibly for two years." Page 494: "There seems good reason for believing that our branch of Hoos de- scended from Robert Hoo and Beatrix de Andeville. "Sir Thomas'" Moo, Knt., was a son of Sir William, and fought in the battle of Agincourt, and distinguished himself on other occasions. His son, Thomas, '' was made a Baron, and d. 1455. Hamden calls him 'the noble Baron Hoo.' He was raised in 1436 to the 'dignity of Chancellor of France.'^ In 144S, in the reign of Henry VI, he 'was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Hoo of Hoo, county Bedford, and of Hastings, county Sussex.' His daughter, .Anne,'^ married Geoffrey Boleyn, and their great-granddaugh- ter became the mother of Queen Elizabeth."'* Page 496 : " lohn off Hoo's wife, whose name was Katherine, appears to have been the daughter and heir of Reynold Tylly." His grandson, Sir Walter Hoo, was his executor. " John off Hoo mentions the property of Reynold Tylly, and also men- tions his wife Katharine." Page 500 : "Walter Hoo, will dated 15S7, bequeaths property to his son-in-law, Philipe Newgate, of Horningsheath, his daughter, Joane Newgate, and also to his grandson, John Newdigate." On pages 495 and 496, Salisbury shows by Wills and docu- ments that John off Hoo, who d. 1485, was parallel in descent with the children of William,^ and, therefore, would be loth in descent from Sir Robert Hoo, who d. icoo, and 4th in descent from Robert Hoo, who d. 13 10. Salisbury also says, p. 496 : "In connection with Sir William' de Hoo of Mulburton, Norfolk, who married Alice St. Omer, and died in 1410, is mentioned a Sir Walter de Hoo, of the same county, who was no doubt a relative, and was pehraps a younger brother. John off Hoo was of a parallel generation with Sir William's chil- dren. "William* de Hoo had a brother, John de Hoo. " Now John off IIoo, whose Wiil was dated Oct. 20, 14S5, was the next generation after this John de Hoo, brother of William, and was probably named for him." 44 Salisbury, p. 49S, says: "Our careful search in deeds. Wills, records, pedigrees and historicj shows that the Sir Robert Hoc, Knt., who gave a deed of land in Hessett, in 1293, and granted tenements in Rougham in 1309 (both places being in the dio- cese of Norwich), war Sir Robert" de Hoo, Knt. (son of Robert Hoo and Bea- trix, daughter of the Earl of Andeville), of the Bedfordshire family, whose grandson, Sir William* de Hoo, Knt., was seated at Mulbarton, Norfolk (also in the diocese of Norwich),^- where he died in 1410. " So many wealthy heiresses had married into the family that there must have been much unentailed land to be divided among the younger sons of several of the earlier generations; and branches had become established in several counties. " We find, as we have seen, that in 1312, three years after Sir Robert Hoo in person had transactions in Hessett, William de Hoo was Sacristan of the monastery and Archdeacon of Bury, and in possession of the manor of Hoo. In several places in which the Hoo family established itself, the residence took the name of the family, as 'the patrimonial lordship of Hoo in Herts,' and Hartford-Hoo in Cambridgeshire; and Sir Thomas Hoo was created a Baron in 1443, with the title of 'Baron Hoo of Hoo, in the county of Bedford, and of Hastings in the county of Sussex.' These facts give dignity to the title of Hoo, and convey the idea that any residence which bore that name was occupied by a member of the chief line of the family. We find that Sir Robert de Hoo held large estates at Rougham and Hessett, where was a family-seat bearing, from early times, the title of Hoo, showing that this was one of the family residences. Can we doubt that William de Hoo was of the same family as Sir Robert? As far as we can trace the dates, he seems to have been of the same generation. Robert Hoo, father of Sir Robert, 'had a son, William, living in 1388, who must have died s. p. (See "Sussex Archaeological Collections," p. 131, note). If William de Hoo had been an ecclesiastic, he could not have mar- ried (p. 499). The Hoo family influence may be supposed to have obtained for him the office of Archdeacon of Bury. His heir would have been a brother or nephew. No other son of Robert Hoo is mentioned except Sir Robert, his heir. If Archdeacon William de Hoo had no other brother, a son of Sir Robert would have been his heir. "'John off Hoo' was of an age to be in the same generation as the younger sons of Sir William, who was grandson of Sir Robert, and to have been Sir Robert's great-grandson. It seems, therefore, safe to suppose that 'John od Hoo' descended from Robert Hoo and Beatrix de .\ndeville, probably through Sir Robert — perhaps through Sir Robert's son, Sir Thomas, or even through his grandson. Sir William. In any case, 'John off Hoo' had posses- sion of the family manor of Hoo in Hessett, and no doubt by inheritance. It is evident that 'John off Hoo" had an estate, maintained a dignity, and showed a liberality of means which in those days could have belonged only to a man of wealth and good lineage. " The Will of Walter'-' Hoo was dated July 26, ijS;, proved July 21, 1539, registered at Bury St. Edmund's." 45 Page 501-503 : " Now we find that our Gualther (Walter) Hoo of Hessett, in his Will dated 15S7, leaves to his eldest son, John*'' Hoo, his freeholds in Hessett, Brighton and Rougham, etc.. etc., and his copyhold land of the Manor of Koiigham Hall, and forbids him to aleniate his property : 'my plaine intent bemg to continue my lannds and tenements to the heir male, as my Ancestors left yt to me.''" It is evident, therefore, that Walter Hoo was the eldest son, and had inherited through eldest sons for generations. The property he be- queathed is evidently in great part the same as that bequeathed by the Will of 'John off Hoo' of Hessett, in 1485, to his son, 'John at Hoc' Salisbury also says, p. 503 : "Walter lays upon his son, John, the solemn injunctions and conditions under which, through many generations, the lands had come down to Walter Hoo himself, chargmg him, 'as he will answer before God at the great daie of judg- ment, that he break not the true meaninge of this my will nor the entayles in the same, my plaine intent being to continue my lannds and tenements to the heir male, as my Ancestors left yt to me.' " Salisbury has before produced evidence that the land owned by Walter Hoo had been owned by his ancestors for at least seven generations, and that his grandfather. "John off Hoo," was the great-grandson of Robert de Hoo, who married Beatrix, and d. 1310. With this and other evidence, Salisbury presents and publishes the de Hoo chart, which we reprint to assist others in further research. The failure to give the names and dates of the 7th, 8th and 9th generations makes its rejection by us imperative, and, therefore, we declined, as has been shown, to go back beyond "John off Hoo." On this subject Salisbury also says, page 502 : " We have abstracts of the principal Hoo AVills, recorded at Bury St. Ed- mund's, and find no mention of any transmissions of land, except in the line we give as that of Walter Hoo. But, as we have seen, we can, with great probability, go farther back with our line of Hoos. For the same lands appear to have been held, in the same family, for at least four generations previous to 'John off Hoo,' who died in 1485, which would make Walter Hoo to have been of at least the seventh generation in possession." Salisbury's Hoo chart is printed in full as Appendix B 46 " Then came Death ; but beyond is Eternal Life." After the first edition of this work had gone to press, God came with his angels and took away the loving and devoted wife and mother. The following is copied from the IVashington Post of Friday, May 22, 1896 : "Mrs. Wheeler's Finer.\l. "THE REM.\INS TEMP0R.\RILV ri.ACED IN 0.\K HILL CEMETERY. "Simple but impressive were the funeral services at the residence yester- day over the remains of Mrs. Wheeler, wife of Congressman Wheeler, of Ala- bama, who died last Tuesday evening [May 19, 1396]. The casket was covered with a profusion of exquisite flowers. Rev. Dr. McKay-Smith, of St. John's Episcopal Church, was the officiating clergyman. The music was rendered by a quartet of male voices from St. John's choir. Among those present were many persons prominent in resident and official circles. "The active pall-bearers were Lieut. A. S. Fleming, U. S. A., Dr. F. R. Kiefer, U. S. A., Mr. Harry Jackson, U. S. N., Mr. Jules Guthridge, Mr. Robert Beale, Mr. Charles Thomas, Mr. J. M. Henry and Mr. J. W. Henry. "The honorary pall bearers were the Vice-President, the Postmaster- General, the Secretary of the Navy, Senators Pugh, Morgan, Mills, Bate and Vest, Col. John M. Wilson, U. S. A., and Mr. William D. Cabell. " Mrs. Wheeler's remains were temporarily laid at rest at Oak Hill Ceme- tery, where they will remain until the family returns to Alabama." This loving mother of the children for whom the genealogi- cal data was arranged, possessed most remarkable mental en- dowments, character and moral force of the very highest type, charming beauty and touching tenderness of heart. She was brought up amidst the luxury and wealth befitting a queen; her slightest wish being as the laws of the Medes and Persians to her parents, a brother and an uncle, who loved her with an idol- atry as rare as beautiful. But this luxurious rearing did not weaken her perfect in- stincts of duty, and with a heart filled with christian love she unfalteringly took up the burdens which became the lot of Southern mothers under the changed conditions which followed the war. 47 Some writers have said, "Memory is the record of the soul." Hers was beautiful ; and all that touched the tablets of her memory was there most lastingly impressed. Often she re- peated to her children pa«^es and even chapters of prose, and almost books of poetry, much of which she had not seen since her early youth. Her brilliant attainments would have won for her the admi- ration of the world, and she would have reigned queen in any society, but her tender heart cared only for the love and admi- ration of the little kingdom of her home circle; and to her chil- dren she was mother, sister, companion and friend. Her in- tense, unwavering devotion to her husband and children, made their home one of continuous happiness and love. The words alluding to their ancestry in this last letter to her children, " It will, at least, be a constant reminder that every act of yours will, in a measure, attach to all of your name and race," are emblematical of her teaching and example. The last time she wrote her name was to endorse a check to her youngest daughter; and just as she was falling into her eternal sleep, she asked for her youngest son. These, her last acts, like her every thought, were characteristic of her loving and perfect lite. 48 T^' >M * /fj^U 4t^.« r\ (^ O ts-/ ^ '^ *fe^ ''^;/->' >- ->•. APPENDIX A. William Hull, b. June 24, 1753; graduated at Yale College; studied law, admitted to the bar in 1775 ; a gentleman of the highest culture and attainments ; was among the first of the Revolutionary patriots who rushed to the defence of our country. He was chosen Captain of the first company raised in Derby, and went with Colonel Webb's regiment to Cambridge and took part in the siege of Boston. He served with great distinction as an officer of the line, under Washington, at the siege of Boston, and in the battles of Trenton, Princeton and Mon- mouth, and assisted Washington in covering the retreat of the American forces from the battlefield of Long Island, and in crossing them over the East River, from Brooklyn Heights to New York. Was Major of 8th Massachusetts in 1777, Lieuten- ant-Colonel in 1779, and Assistant Inspector-General under Baron Steuben. General Washington, in his published letter to Major-Gen. Heath, dated Dec. 13, 1799, says: " Colonel Hull is an officer of great merit, and whose services have been honorable to himself and honorable to his country." In the summer of 1780, General Washington solicited him to accept a position upon his staff as aid-de-camp, which appoint- ment he declined at the earnest request of Major-General Baron Steuben, inspector of the army, under whom Hull was then serving as inspector-general of the division of Major-General Howe. Baron Steuben visited General Washington especially on this subject, and stated to both General Washington and Colonel Hull that "he [Hull] would be more useful in the office of inspector than in any other situation, and hoped such con- siderations would influence their decision for him to remain." WHTL. GEN. 4. 50 hull's victory at morrisania. By General Washington's special permission, given in his published letter of Jan. 7, 1781, Colonel Hull attacked and de- feated the enemy at Morrisania, for which he received the thanks of Washington and the Government. The battle was fought near the foot of East 130th Street, New York. Major- General Heath, in a letter dated Dec. 30, says : ' The success of this Morrisania enterprise was doubtful in the opinion of General Washington, but Colonel Hull, with the troops under his command, was successful. With great address and gallantry they forced a narrow pas- sage to the enemy, and with the loss of one subaltern, one drummer and ten privates killed, one captain, one sergeant and eleven rank and file wounded, completely defeated the enemy, and, besides the killed and wounded, took upwards of fifty prisoners, cut away the ponton bridges, took a considerable quantity of forage, a number of cattle, etc., for which they were thanked in public orders." General Heath also states twice in the same letter : "Colonel Hull sustained a conspicuous character of a brave and good officer, and possessed the particular esteem and confidence of General Wash- ington." Clarke's History, p. 430, gives Captain Francis Tuft's testi- mony as follows : "I was with General Hull as Sergeant-Major of the 8th Massachusetts Regiment at Ticonderoga, and in the same regiment at taking of Burgoyne s army, and was with the regiment he commanded in taking Stony Point, and was his adjutant. His character for courage and firmness on all these occa- sions was unexceptionable; and he was a good military man and was univer- sally esteemed by his "brother officers and beloved by his soldiers. ' Ibid, 431, Governor J. Brooks, of Massachusetts who (vol. xi, p. 265, Washington's Writings) was recommended by Washing- ton for Brigadier-General in the army, testified : " It fell to General Hull's lot frequently to meet the enemy in combat, and in every instance he acquitted himself much to his honour and to the satisfac- tion of his superior officers. No officer of his rank stood higher in the estima- tion of the army generally than General Hull — not only as a disciplinarian and an officer of intelligence, but as a man of great enterprise and gallantry. I can add that he possessed, in a high degree, the confidence of General Wash- ington." Ibid, 432, Major Joseph McCaken testified : "There was no officer of General Hull's rank that stood higher in my es- timation and, as far as I knew, in the estimation of the army. He was con- sidered as a brave and excellent officer." 51 Limited space prevents our multiplying the evidence of ad- miration of Hull's comrades of the Revolution for his courage and soldierly qualities. The following official letters written by General Washing- ton, give additional evidence that this esteem for Hull was fully concurred in by "the father of our country." They are all copied from Vols, vi, vii, viii, Sparks' edition of Washing- ton's Writings. Vol. vi, p. 467 : " Headquarters, Morristown, 16 February, 17S0. To Major-General Heath. Dear Sir : — I am pleased to find that the State of Massachusetts has upon reconsidera- tion, given 10 Major Hull his rank. * * * I am, etc., GEORGE WASHINGTON." Vol. vi, p. 538 : "Gen. Anthony Wayne in his report to Washington of the capture of Stony Point, says : ' Major Hull's detachment formed the right column.' " Ibid, p. 539: " It is with the greatest pleasure that I acknowledge to you that I was supported in the attack by all the officers and soldiers under my command to the utmost of my wishes." Vol. vii, p. 356 : "New Windsor, 7 January, 17S1. To Major General Heath. Dear Sir : — You will be pleased to observe on the subject of your letter of last night, that although I am not very sanguine in my expectations of the success of the enterprise proposed, yet I think in our present circumstances, it will be advis- able to encourage it. Col. Hull may, therefore, have permission to make the attempt in conjunction with the militia; but I would not advise the destruction of any houses except the temporary hut built by the refugees. Colonel Hull and the militia Colonels should be strongly impressed with the idea that the whole success depends absolutely upon the secrecy and rapidity of the move- ment. * * * I am, sir, etc., GEORGE WASHINGTON." Note, p. 356 : "Col. Hull was now stationed at Pine Bridge, near the lines, and the plan referred to was that of an attack upon the refugees of Delancey's Corps at Morrisania, in conjunction with a pany of militia under Colonels Drake and Crane. The project had been communicated by Col. Hull to Gen. Heath, with the request to be favored with his opinion." Vol. vii, p. 3S5 : "New Windsor, January 25, 1781. To M.'VJOr-General Heath. Dear Sir : — I am much obliged to you for the account of the success of the enterprise against Morrisania. I am, dear sir, etc , GEORGE WASHINGTON." General Heath commanded the Department and General Parsons the District, and therefore, Colonel Hull's report of the engagement was, of necessity, forwarded through those officers; but Colonel Hull planned, led, and successfully executed the enterprise. Vol. vii, page 392 : "New Windsor, 31 January, 1781. To The President ok Congress. Sin- Enclosed are two other reports of Brig. -Gen. Parsons and Lieut. -Colonel Hull, respecting an enterprise against Delancey's Corps at Westchester, in which, with small loss on our side, the barracks of the corps and a large quantity of forage were destroyed, 52 prisoners and considerable number of horses and cattle were brought off and the bridge across Hearlam River under one of the enemy's redoubts burned. The conduct of the officers and men employed on the occassion is entitled to the highest praise. The position of the Corps, two or three miles within some of the enemy's redoubts, required address and courage in the execution of the enterprise. I am, dear sir, etc., GEORGE W\'\SHINGTON." Note, page 393 : "The advance Corps by which the attack was made at Morrisania was under the immediate direction of Col. Hull. With three companies of Conti- nental troops and a party of volunteer horsemen, he proceeded on the night of 53 the 2ist of January to Morrisania, having taken care to guard his flanks by sta- tioning the guard at suitable points. He came to a small creek near the bar- racks occupied by Delancey's Corps, over which he expected to find a bridge. In this, however, he was disappointed; and the recent rains had swelled the water so much that it was difficult to pass over, particularly as the creek was lilled with floating ice. Not to be baffled at this stage of their enterprise, the infantry mounted behind their horsemen, and within 15 minutes about 70 were conveyed across who, with the cavalry, were thought sufficient for the attack. The rest remained to protect the pass. The noise produced in crossing had alarmed the post and prevented the surprise from being as complete as was intended; but the assault was so rapid and vigorous that it was entirely suc- cessful in its main object. All the barracks and a large quantity of forage was destroyed and 54 of Delancey's Corps were made prisoners. The party re- tired in good order, though much harrassed by the enemy, and joined the main body under Gen. Parson, near East Chester, having brought away al! the prisoners, many cattle and horses." Vol. vii, page 415 : " New Windsor, 17 February, 1781. To The President of Congress. Sir:— I shall not fail to communicate to Maj.-Gen. Parsons, and also to the men who are under his command, the very flattering notice which Congress has been pleased to take of the e.xpedition to Morrisania. * * * I have the honor to be, etc., GEORGE WASHINGTON." Vol. viii, pages 93 and 94 : He.\DQI ARTERS, PeEKSKII.L, N. V., 2 July, 1 73 1. To Count de Rochambeau. Sir:— I have this morning received your Excellency's favor of last evening. * * * Col. Hull, an active and very intelligent officer, will have the honor of delivering this to your Excellency. He is charged with my instructions to the Duke de Lauzum; and, being perfectly acquainted with our intended move- ments and with the scene of operations, he will give all the aid in his power to the Duke. The same gentleman will be able to reply to any queries your Excellency shall be pleased to put to him. With perfect esteem and regard, I am, etc., GEORGE WASHINGTON." Colonel Hull also fought under General Lee at White Plains; under General St. Clair at Ticonderoga; under General Gates 54 in the battles of the 19th September and the ist and 3d Octo- ber; and in the capture of Burgoyne's army at Saratoga. He also commanded and led his regiment, 400 strong, in the assault and capture of Stony Point. For his great gallantry in that battle he received the particular thanks of General Wayne, General Washington and the Government. He continued in active service during the entire war of the Revolulution. PROMOTED BY WASHINGTON FOR GALLANTRY IN BATTLE. For gallantry at Dorchester Heights. White Plains and Trenton, General Washington promoted him to the rank of major, and his heroic conduct at Princeton, Ticonderoga, Bemis Heights, Stillwater, Saratoga, Monmouth and Stony Point won him promotion to lieutenant-colonel. Lossing, \'ol. i. p. 55, in his account of the battle of Stillwater, thus speaks of him: "More than orre-half of an American detachment, under Major Hull, consisting of 200 men, was killed or wounded." Hull's portrait is in Trumbull's famous life-size painting of the "Surrender of Burgoyne," now in the rotunda of the U. S. Capitol. He was specially selected to command Washington's escort when he entered New York the day the British left it. At the close of the war he was retained as lieutenant-colonel of the one regiment continued in service, and was stationed at West Point, 1783-84. ESTEEMED AND ADMIRED BY WASHINGTON AT AGE OF 24. It must be observed that Colonel Hull was a young man but twenty-four or twenty-five years of age when, by his courage and skill in battle, he had won such unqualified approval and commendation of General George Washington. During the War of 1S12 twenty-five generals were appointed, some of them having served during the Revolution; but the thirteen volumes of the writings of Washington, as published by Sparks, from which we have quoted, show that Colonel, afterwards General Hull was the only one of these officers whose conduct in the Revolution was commended by Washington. The only mention of Dearborn in these writings was with reference to his ex- change when a prisoner ; Washington's allusions to General Wilkinson were made lo and i6 years after the Revolution had 55 ended; and the names of the others do not appear in the pub- lished writings of " the father of our country." It is also im- portant to note that during the Revolution, Colonel, afterward General Hull was distinguished in very many more battles than any other officer who was in the service in 1812, and further, that he was pre-eminently distinguished in every one of the 14 battles of the Revolution in which he was engaged or in which he commanded. In 1786 he resigned from the service and settled in Newton. In .Tanuary, 1787, he acted as Aide to General Lincoln in sup- pressing Shay's rebellion. In 1793 he was appointed Commis- sioner to make a treaty with Indians ; was afterwards Judge of Court of Common Pleas of Middlesex County ; and Major- General of the 3d Division of Massachusetts Militia. F.WIILV VERY DISTIXGUISHED IN BATTLE. General Hull's brothers, Samuel and Joseph, were distin- guished officers of the Revolution. Joseph boarded and cap- tured two armed British vessels. This brother Joseph was the father of the distinguished Commodore Isaac Hull, U. S. Navy, who captured the British Frigate Guerriere. Gen. Hull's only son, Capt. Abraham Fuller Hull, 9th Infantry, was killed while leading a charge, in which he distinguished himself, at the bat- tle of Lundy's Lane, July 25, 1814. Gen. Hull was State Senator from 1798 to 1S05, when he was appointed Governor of Michigan Territory. Early in 181 2, the Indians had been incited to hostility against us by the British. The only practicable means of sup- plying the isolated settlement of Detroit was by vessels upon Lake Erie; the only land communication with other settlements being a distance of 200 miles through a dense wilderness. ACCEPTED COMMAND SOLELY TO PROTECT SETTLERS. Eustis, Secretary of War, asked Hull to take command of troops ordered to Detroit. The Secretary asserts that he de- clined, but finally accepted for the distinct purpose of enabling him better to protect settlers in Michigan from Indian attacks and depredations. The exact words of Secretary Eustis were : " The latter part of February, 1812, information had been received from Mr. .\twater, then Secretary of the Territory of Michigan and acting as Gov- ernor, that there were strong appearances of hostility among the Indians, and 56 that the Territory was In danger. That Gen. Hull urged on him as Secretary of War, the expediency and necessity of ordering a force there for the protec- tion of Detroit, the territory and the northern frontier. That he declined, in the first instance, accepting the office of Brigadier-General. That Colonel Kingsbury was then ordered to Washington for the purpose of proceeding to the State of Ohio to take command of this force, and on account of bodily in- disposition, was not ordered to command ; and afterwards, when he [General Hull] was appointed, it was not solicited by him, and that he manifested great anxiety for the safety of the northern frontier and the Territory of Michigan." It should be noted that this was from the Secretary of War, who, together with Gen. Dearborn, sought later to shift upon General Hull the responsibility for disasters caused by their neglect or mismanagement. This military appointment, thus forced upon General Hull against his wish, was coupled with the assurance on the part of the Government that, in the event of a war with England, a naval force would be placed upon Lake Erie, as Hull had previously and frequently urged in official letters to the War Department, especially in those dated April 3, 1809, June 15, 181 1, and March 6, 1812, in which he insisted that in such contingency Detroit could not be held unless the lake was kept under our control. Before reaching Detroit, and before he had any intimation of the declaration of war with England, the entire baggage of his troops with the hospital stores and implements were captured on Lake Erie by the British, and Fort Mackinaw, a post north of Detroit, immediately afterwards fell into their hands. General John Armstrong, who afterward became Secretary of War and an opponent of Hull, in his Notices of the War of 1812 (p. 47), thus censures Secretary of War Eustis for this dis- aster : " We have seen that General Hull lost his own baggage and that of the army, the whole of his hospital stores and intrenching tools and sixty men, in consequence of the ill-judged and tardy manner employed in transmitting to him the declaration of war. A fact so extraordinary in itself, and so produc- tive of injury to the public, calls for more development than has yet been given to it. " Still more extraordinary was the fact that the news of the declaration of war reached the Canadian authorities some days before it reached General Hull, and this under the frank of a Washington official ; this error or treason being the direct cause of the disaster." General Hull hail been informed that, in the event of war, Canada would l)e invaded at the east end of Lake Erie, at or 57 near Niagara River, and he was instructed in that event that the troops at Detroit would be expected to co-operate with the Niagara force. This was so clearly the plan, that the President, in his message referring to the troops under Hull, said, that they were sent, in the event of war, to co-operate with other forces in that quarter. The exact words of the President's message were : " That the force sent to Detroit was with a general view to the security of the Michigan Territory, and, in event of war, to such operations in the upper- most Canada as would intercept the hostile influence of Great Britain over the savages and maintain co-operating relations with such forces as might be most conveniently employed against other parts." When Hull reached Detroit, he felt that the safety of the f rce which he supposed was invading Canada from the Ni- agara river made it imperative for him to commence offensive operations, and, therefore, though badly prepared, and although the enemy held the opposite bank, he successfully crossed the river on July 12th, invaded Canada one week after the head of his column reached Detroit, and successfully swept the Bri- tish before him. This was approved by the Secretary of War, who, on August ist, wrote General Hull : "Your operations are approved by the President." In another letter of the same date, the Secretary said to Hull : " The progress you have made and the success which has attended it are highly satisfactory to the President." By August 7th, General Hull had ascertained that there was no invasion into Canada nor any preparation for one, from Niagara river or any other point within the scope of his opera- tions; that Detroit was menaced by Indians; that the British commanded the water and the savages; and that the fortifi- cations in Canada could not be taken with the force and arma- ment under his command. As his instructions made his inva- sion contingent upon and as a co-operative force with others, and as no others had crossed, the purpose of his remaining in Canada no longer existed, and on the Sth of August he returned to the river and crossed to Detroit. With Lake Erie under the undisputed control of the British, the entire line of march to Detroit bein"- filled with hostile 58 Indians, and no attempt being made to co-operate by an inva- sion of Canada, on the east end of Lake Erie, all military men of experience considered the few hundred men under Hull, detached as they were, two hundred and fifty miles from re- enforcements or supplies, as virtually sacrificed by the declara- tion of war with England. General William Henry Harrison, afterward President, wrote to the Secretary of War, August 6, 1S12 : "The information received a day or two ago from Detroit is of the most unpleasant nature. The loss of Mackinaw will probably be followed by the capture of Fort Dearborn. It is my opinion that it will be the object of the British to draw as many of the Indians as possible toward Maiden to cut off the supplies from, and ultimately to capture General Hull's army." — Clarke's History of Campaign of 181 2, p. 396. The Government concurred in this, and suggested that Colo- nel Wells should re-enforce Detroit with a large detachment, and convey rations and supplies to Hull. General Harrison deemed this hardly practicable, thinking it would only add to the force sacrificed. Harrison, in replying to this suggestion, in his letter of August 10, 1812 (Daivsons Life of Harrison, p. 275;, says : " I greatly fear the capture of Mackinaw will give such 6clat to the Bri- tish and Indians that the northern tribes will pour down in swarms upon Detroit, oblige General Hull to act on the defensive, and meet and perhaps overpower the convoys and re-enforcements which may be sent him. It appears to me, indeed, highly probable that the large detachment which is now destined for his relief under Colonel Wells will have to fight its way. I rely greatly on the valor of these troops, but it is possible that the event may be adverse to us, and if it is, Detroit must fall." (See Clarke's Campaign of i8j2, p. 397.) hull's force sacrificed by dearborn. The Government appreciated these views and was deeply impressed with the jeopardy in which Hull's force was placed; and directions were given to create a diversion at the east end of Lake Erie to induce a withdrawal of a portion of the enemy which was in front of Hull, and thus release the pressure upon the beleagured forces at Detroit. General Hull had frequently in his letters shown the necessity of such a diversion. During July the often repeated orders of the Secretary of War to General Dearborn, who commanded the entire north- 59 ern army, were similar to the following paragraph in the orders to General Dearborn, dated August i, cited in Appendix No. lo to Armstrong's Notices of the War of 1812 : "You will make a diversion in favor of him [General Hull] at Niagara and Kingston, as soon as it may be practicable." Major-General Dearborn neglected to make the slightest movement to comply with these instructions, but in direct vio- lation of these orders made an armistice with the enemy, ex- cluding Hull's force from its benefits, which enabled the British Major-General Brock and Sir George Prevost (who had full control of Lake Erie) to throw their entire army and thousands of Indians upon Hull and compel, the surrender of his little undisciplined and unprovisioned force of about 600 men. In the Life of Sir George Prevost, this armistice is spoken of as a "ruse de guerre as creditable to the shrewdness and sagacity of Sir George Prevost, as it was disreputable for the obtuseness or treachery of General Dearborn." No. II of Armstrong's Notices of the War of 1S12, in the appendix, is the following extract of a letter from Sir George Prevost to General Brock : " I consider it most fortunate that I have been able to prosecute this object of the government [the armistice] without interfering with your opera- tions on the Detroit." (See Clarke's History, p. 355.) General Armstrong, afterward Secretary of War, in his Notices of the War of 181 2, vol i, p. 97, says : "We have already stated that to lessen the pressure on General Hull, Major-General Dearborn was directed to make such movements against the British posts in his front as would have the effect of preventing them from re-enforcing the garrison at Maiden, or otherwise altering the relation as to strength which had hitherto e.xisted between Hull and Proctor. "But for this service the major-general had made no preparation, and appeared to have little relish, as on the very day on which he was thus in- structed by the Government (though sufficiently apprized that detachments had been sent to Maiden and that the situation of Hull was becoming more critical every moment) he did not hesitate to enter into an armistice by which he completely disabled himself from giving any aid to that officer either by vigorously assailing the British posts in his front (now rendered cc.mparatively weak by the absence of Brock and the troops carried with him), or by extend- ing to him and his army the benefits of the temporary suspension of hostili- ties into which he had entered." 6o (See Clarke's Campaign of 1812, p. 354.) On August 12, 1S12, General Hull's situation was as follows: his last letter from the War Department (July 9) informed him that he must not rely upon reinforcements. On the north, Michilimackinac had fallen, and 3,200 Indian warriors were marching on Detroit from that quarter. The lake which lay to the south of Detroit and east, was under the undisputed control of the British. On the south or southwest a dense forest, for over two hundred miles, filled with hostile Indians, separated him from the nearest settlements. The detachments under Major V'an Horn and Colonel Miller which had attempted to penetrate this forest and succor a much needed and hoped for convoy with provisions, had been checked or driven back by the hordes of Indians who. aided and directed by British officers, had established strong fortifications within fourteen miles of Detroit. To the west was an unexplored wilderness. Perkin's History of the War of 1812, p. 2,i^ says : " On the 4th of Ausjust, Major Van Horn with 200 men was sent to open communications, but was driven back in disorder, losing 7 officers and 10 men killed and 30 wounded. "On August 8th, Col. Miller was detatched with 600 men for the same purpose. He fought gallantly, but on the loth returned to Detroit without effecting the object. He lost Si killed and wounded. "Col. Miller reports the force he engaged at 200 British, 100 militia and 450 Indians — in all, 750." Major-General Jacob Brown's official report says : "Col. Miller mentioned Capt. Hull as entitled to distinction." " Afterwards Colonels McArthur and Cass were sent with two regiments to open the communications, but they too met a fortified enemy and returned to Detroit." The failure of these three expeditions proved conclusively that it was impossible to open communications with the settle- ments in Ohio, and as the food supply was now much reduced, it became evident that it would be impossible to sustain the people in the garrison for many days. Letters just received from Generals Hall and Porter, who commanded small posts to the east on Lake Erie, informed him that " a large number of boats filled with British troops had passed over to Fort Maiden, and that the British forces with the Canadian Militia and savages on the opposite side of Niagara river were moving by water to the same point." 6i At the same time General Hull was informed that " nothing could be done to check their movements, and that no assistance or co-operation could be afforded to him." General Hull's troops, estimated by his brigade major, Jes- sup, at from 600 to 700 officers and men, which included team- sters, laborers and other non-combatants, were ignorant, undis- ciplined, and many of them imbued with a spirit of insubor- dination and mutiny, fostered and encouraged, and in some cases even initiated by militia officers of all grades, including colonels of regiments. On the day that General Brock attacked, Major Jessup officially reported to General Hull that the effective force at Detroit was but 600. (See Jessup's Evidence, p. 94; Memoirs, p. 204.) They were without efficient arms, with but little ammunition, and were deficient in supplies of all kinds. (See Colonel Mil- ler's evidence, and Memoirs of Campaign of 181 2, p. 61.) In his front was Major-General Brock with a thoroughly equipped and disciplined army, with no limit to the vast hordes of Indians who were anxious to obey his orders; and the armis- tice which Sir George Prevost had effected with Major-General Dearborn, placed at General Brock's disposal as many thousand British troops as he could possibly desire. The Detroit River and the lake were commanded by well armed British naval ships; and two, the Queen Charlotte and the Hunter, were in the river guarding and assisting the crossing of General Brock's forces, during which the former ship kept up a warm fire with her heavy cannon. (See Snelling's Evidence, p. 37) In addition to these, General Brock had subject to his com- mand the entire Canadian militia, which numbered more than 18,000 men. (See Memoirs of 1812, pages 19 and 20.) This was the condition of affairs when Major-General Brock wrote as follows : "August 15, 1812. "General William Hull: " The force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you the immediate surrender of Fort Detroit. It is far from my intention to join in a war of extermination ; but you must be aware that the numerous bodies of Indians 62 who have attached themselves to my troops will be beyond my control the moment the contest commences. "You will find me disposed to enter into such conditions as will satisfy the most scrupulous sense of honor. Lieutenant-Colonel McDowell and Major Glegg are fully authorized to conclude any arrangement that may lead to prevent the unnecessary effusion of blood. " ISAAC BROCK. Major-General." General Hull was Governor of a defenseless people, as well as commander of the troops at Detroit. His pride as a soldier induced him to reply that he was prepared to meet any force at General Brock's disposal and any consequence which might re- sult from it. Brock opened a severe fire from his batteries and advanced his troops to the attack. The engagement commenced about noon on the 15th, con- tinued until lo o'clock that night, was renewed at break of day, and continued until nearly eleven o'clock on the i6th. Hull left the inclosed fort, rode to his advanced battery under a heavy fire and personally superintended the dispositions for defense. (See Maxwell's Evidence, p. 12S.) During the firing Hull lost 5 killed and iS wounded. He had previously, on August 4th and 8th, lost 35 killed and 94 wounded. The evidence of Major Munson and Captains Dyson and Maxwell says : "General Hull's bearing was cool and collected." Evidence of substantially the same character was given by Colonels Richard Piatt, Robert Troup, Samuel Earned, Gen- erals James Taylor and William North, and Eieutenants Lem- uel Clift and Jonah Bacon. Notwithstanding the hopelessness of the situation General Hull continued to make all possible preparations for defense ; but during the night one hundred of his men deserted with their arms to the British standard, confirming the previous statements of the militia colonels that these men could not be relied upon. The Michigan militia had been for years separated by vast forests from American settlements. Social and business relations and frequent marriage connections with the Canadians had caused a growth of identity of feeling and interest. (Me- moirs of 1812, page 60.) Most of the remainder of Hull's forces were raw militia, without drill or discipline. They had been 63 disobedient, insubordinate and mutinous. While Hull was en- gaged under fire in the front, Colonel Brush notified him that if his men were called upon to fight "they would run away to a man." There had been a general threat to desert and two com- panies actually did desert to the British. In Memoirs of Campaign of 1S12, page 60, we find the fol- lowing : " In addition to all this combination of force which was proceeding against me, symptoms appeared in the interior of my camp not less alarming; the spirit of mutiny which before had manifested itself in whispers increased and became more open. It was evident it was now fostered and encouraged by the principal officers of the militia and was fast rising into an avowed conspiracy." This was the condition of the garrison of Detroit when its commander found himself confronted by the forces of Sir George Prevost and Major-General Brock, with all of the military resources of England then in Canada at their disposal. General Dearborn, the commander-in-chief of the American army, having stipulated and agreed that the American army, with the exception of Hull's force, would remain quiet during an indefinite period, during which the entire resources of Eng- land then in Canada were left free to overpower and cap- ture the troops under General Hull. At daylight on the i6th, General Hull was with his troops outside the fort engaging the enemy. Dearborn's armistice had thrown upon him all the British troops, Canadian militia and Indians on the northern frontier. He had learned that in addition to this combination and increase of the enemy's force, contrary to all expectations, the Wyandots, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Munsees, and Delawares, all tribes of Indians who had been counted upon as friendly with Americans, had gone over and joined the British standard. A report dated after the loss of Detroit, published in a French Canadian paper, gives the following as the British force in Canada : Royal Artillery 500 First Royal Scots Infantry, first battalion 1,200 Eighth Regiment, King's Own 1,000 Forty-first Regiment, first battalion. 900 Forty-first Regiment, second battalion 350 Forty-ninth Regiment 'O) One Hundredth Regiment 90 General Forrest. S5 baker's creek, and big rlack. May i6th, 1863, at Baker's Creek or Champion Hill, 1,888' officers and men of Stevenson's Division surrendered. In War Records, Vol. xxiv. Part i, p. 320, we note : May 17th, 1863, at Big Black, 1,012 officers and men of Gen. John S. Bowen's Division were surrendered. Gen. Bowen reports the killed in his Division in this fight at 3, and his wounded at 9. Gen. Pemberton, p. 293, thanks and commends Gen. Steven- son, and (p. 295) praises and eulogizes Gen. Bowen. WINCHESTER. June 15th, 1S63, 4,012 officers and men of Major-General Milroy's command surrendered to the Confederate General Ewell, with small arms, 23 cannon and 300 loaded wagons. Confederate loss, 47 killed and 219 wounded; Federals lost 95 killed and 348 wounded. General Milroy escaped with 250 cavalry. He was promptly restored 10 a prominent command. (War Records, Vol. xxvii, part 2, pp. 43, 53 and 442.) VICKSDURG. In War Records, Vol. xxiv, part i, we find the following: Page 424: — July 4th, 1863, Lieut. -General J. C. Pemberton surrendered the fortified City of Vicksburg to General U. S. Grant, with 29,491 prisoners, of whom 3,799 were sick, 172 cannon and 50,000 stands of arms. Page 6: — Grant's loss, 545 killed, 3,688 wounded. Page 320: — Pemberton lost 312 killed, 794 wounded. Page 62: — Grant reports the capture of over 30,000 prisoners and over 170 pieces of artillery, and considerable ammunition and 50,000 small arms of good quality. Page 285 (Pemberton's report): "The assertion that the surrender of Vicksburg was compelled by the want of subsistence or that the garrison was starved out is entirely destitute of truth. There was at no time any absolute suffering for want of food among the garrison." Page 286: "The question of subsistence, therefore, had nothing to do with the surrender of Vicksburg." Page 292: " Much unnecessary clamor has been raised about the amount of ammu- nition at Vicksburg. 1 have already shown that my supply of ammunition " 86 .was large, and that the principal, indeed the only deficiency was in musket caps." PORT HUDSON. Julv 9th, 1863, Gen. Franklin Gardner surrendered fortifica- tions at Port Hudson to Gen. Banks, who reports (War Records, Vol. xxvi. Part i, pp. 25 and 55) the capture of " over 5.500 prisoners, including i Major-General and i Brigadier-General, 20 pieces of heavy artillery, 5 complete batteries, numbering 31 pieces of field artillery, a good supply of projectiles for light and heavy guns, 44,000 pounds of cannon powder, 5,000 stands of small arms, 150,000 rounds of small arms ammunition, besides a small amount of stores of various kinds, also two steamers." There is no published report from General Gardner. He was promptly given another command. CUMBERLAND GAP. September 9th, 1863, Gen. John W. Frazier, without firing a gun, surrendered fortifications at Cumberland Gap. Federals claim capture of 3,000 prisoners, small arms, military stores, 30 days' rations and 12 cannon. Vol. xxx, part 2, p. 609, Gen. Frazier states that many escaped, and that only about 1,700 were surrendered. (War Records, Vol. xxx, part 3, p. 522 ) SEQUATCHIE VALLEY. October 2nd, 1863, in Sequatchie Valley, directly in the rear of Rosecran's army, 3,000 prisoners, 1,100 six mule loaded wagons, including a large ordnance train, 6, coo mules and horses, and ordnance stores were surrendered to the Confederates. (War Records, Vol. xxx, part 2, p. 723.) McMINVILLE. October 3rd, 1S63, Col. Michael L. Patterson surrendered to the Confederates the fortifications at McMinville, with 587 pris- oners and small arms, 200 horses and military stores for hall of Rosecran's army. Col. Patterson's casualties 7 killed and 30 wounded. . (War Records, Vol. xxx, part 2, pp. 709, 723 ) stone's RIVER. October 4th, 1S63, Lieut. Frank D. Baldwin. i9ih Michigan Regiment, surrendered to the Confederates the fort and garrison and Bridge Guards at Stone's River, after losing 6 wounded. (War Records, Vol. xxx. Part 2, pp. 706, 724.) S7 FORT DE RUSSY. March 14th, 1S64, Fort deRussy surrendered to Federals with 317 officers and men. small arms and 10 cannon, with 100 rounds per gun. Confederate loss 5 killed and 4 wounded. Federal loss 4 killed and 30 wounded. (War Records, Vol. xxxiv, part I, PP- 314, 561, 578.) SABINE CROSS ROADS. April Sth, 1864, at Sabine Cross Roads, 2,500 officers and men of Gen. Banks' armv surrendered to Gen. Taylor, together with 21 pieces of artillery, many stands of colors, and 250 wagons. Banks lost about 200 killed and 900 wounded. (War Records, Vol. xxxiv, part i, p. 596.) PLYMOUTH, N. C. April 20, 1864, the fortifications at Plymouth, N. C, surren- dered to the Confederates under Gen. Hoke, with 1,600 prisoners, small arms, and 25 cannon. The Federals also lost 3 gunboats and I steamer. (War Records, Vol. li, part 2, p. 870.) PIEDMONT, VA. June 5th, 1864, at Piedmont, Va., 1,000 Confederates with arms surrendered to the Federals. (War Records, Vol. xxxvii, part I, PP 95, 151.) brice's cross roads. June loth, 1S64, at Brice's Cross Roads, 1,618 Federals, with small arms, 16 pieces of artillery, 176 wagons and 184 mules and horses, surrendered to General Forrest. Confederate loss, 96 killed and 396 wounded; Federals lost 217 killed and 394 wounded. (War Records, Vol. xxxix, part i, pp. 95 and 227.) CAVALRY SURRENDER. War Records, Vol. xxxviii, part 3, pp. 632, 957, and part 5, pp. 260, 271 and 320, records the following: July 30th and 31st, 1864, Federal Cavalry force, 9,400 strong, was defeated and 3,200 surrendered to the Confederate Cavalry, together with horses, equipments, small arms and 12 cannon. Part 5. page 320: General Sherman reports that his "cavalry after a hard fight surrendered at Newman. Col. Brownlow reports all were killed or captured e.xcept such as cut their way out." 83 Hood's Official Report, Part 3. p. 632, says: "Our [Wheeler's] cavalry forced them [the Federals] to give battle near Newman on the 30th, and routed, captured or destroyed the whole force." Sherman's Memoirs, Vol. ii, page 87, states that the raiding column was 10,000 strong. Neither Stoneman, Garrard nor Mc- Cook was censured. They were honored and afterward given promotion by brevet FORT POWELL. War Records, Vol. xxxix, part i, pp. 417 and 428, records the following: August 5th, 1864, General Dabney H. Maury reported: "Lieut. -Col. James M. Williams of Fort Powell abandoned and blew up his works without having a man injured, nor any injury having been inflicted on any part of his Fort. He had under his bomb proof fully 30 days' water and 2 months' provisions. He had hand grenades, revolvers, muskets and howitzers, to defend his Fort against launches, and S heavy guns, to use against the ships." Page 417: — Federal General Gordon Granger reports, "Fort Powell was evacuated on the 5th inst., garrison escaping, but leaving 18 guns in e.Kcellent condition." FORT GAINES. War Records, Vol. xxxix, part i, pp. 417, 426, states that: August 8th, 1864, Fort Gaines surrendered. Gen. Granger reported: "We have captured 818 prisoners, 26 guns, a large amount of ordnance stores, and ammunition and subsistence stores for a garrison of 800 men for 12 months." Gen. Dabney H. Maury, in reporting the surrender of Fort Gaines by Col. Charles D. Anderson, says, p. 426: "This powerful work was provisioned for six months, and with a garrison of 600 men." CALHOUN, GA. August 14th, 1S64, Federal guards, 300 strong, surrendered to Confederate Cavalry, together with 1,700 beef cattle, horses, mules and wagons. (War Records, \'ol. xxxviii, part 3, pp. 961 990. 997) WELDON RAILROAD. War Records, \'ol. xlii, part i, p. 128, states that: August 19th, 1864, at Weldon Railroad, 2,650 officers and men of the Fifth Corps, mostly of the Division commanded by Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, surrendered to Gen. A. P. Hill, together wi'h small arms. Page 851: — Gen. R. E. Lee reports Hill attacked enemy on Weldon Railroad August 19th, and captured 2,700 prisoners. FORT MORGAN. War Records, Vol. xxxix, part i. pp. 404, 419, 422, 440, states: August 23rd, 1864, Gen. Richard L. Page surrendered Fort Morgan, Mobile Harbor. Federals claim 46 large cannon, and 60 in all, 250 rounds of shot and shell to each large gun. and 50 rounds to howitzers, 50,000 rounds of small ammunition, and 600 prisoners; (p. 404): Federal loss i killed and 7 wounded. General Page, the Confederate commander, states (p. 440): *' My casualties were unusually small." Gen. Page was promptly restored and given another command. REAMS STATION. War Records. Vol. xlii, part i, p. 940, states: August 25th, 1864, at Reams Station, 2,150 prisoners, 3,100 small arms, 9 cannon and 12 stands of colors of Gen. Hancock's Corps, surrendered to Confederate General A. P. Hill. Han- cock's loss (pp. 131-132) was: killed 117; wounded 439; prison- ers 2,046. SIX BLOCK HOUSES SURRENDER. August 28th to September 2nd, 1864, six block houses, with railroad iron covering, and their garrison, 480 strong, with small arms, surrendered to the Confederate Cavalry. (War Records, Vol. xxxviii, part 5, pp. 961, 990, 997, 1,031.) ATHENS AND SULPHUR TRESTLE. War Records, Vol. xx.xix, part i, pp. 533, 535, 544, states: September 24th, 18O4, Col. William Campbell surrendered Athens, Alabama, with 560 men and 2 guns to Gen. Forrest. Page 541: — September. 25th, 1864, Col. J. B. Minnis surren- dered Sulphur Branch Trestle with 394 men, small arms, and 2 guns to Gen. Forrest. PREBLE'S FARM. War Records, Vol. xlii, part i, 143, states: September 30th, 1864, at Preble's Farm or Poplar Spring go Church 1,496 officers and men, besides a number of wounded, all of the Ninth Corps, commanded by Major-General Parkes, surrendered, together with their small arms, to General A. P. Hill. Page 548 reports 1.5 12 prisoners. SANTIAGO, CUBA. On July i6th, 1898, Lieut. -General Linares^nd Division Gen- eral Jose Toral surrendered their commands and fortifications in and about Santiago. Included in this surrender were 23.500 Spanish soldiers, (13,000 of whom were in the city), 25,114 small arms, 5,279,000 rounds of ammunition, 141 cannon, with 7,000 projectiles and military stores. American army, 18,218 strong. American loss in the three battles, Las Guasimas, San Juan and El Caney, was 241 killed, 1,445 wounded. MANLIA. August 13th, 1898, Spaniards surrendered fotifications at Manila, together with 13,300 officers and men, and small arms, 60 breach-loading and 16S muzzle-loading cannon and mortars, and 382 old style bronze cannon. American force 8,500, assisted by Navy and Filippinos. American loss, 11 killed and 26 wounded; Spanish killed and wounded, about 60. Spanish commander was not censured. History tells us that not one of these 58 officers whose sur- renders are recited, was tried or arrested, but on the contrary, many were highly honored; and the circumstances connected with these 58 surrenders show, that not a single one of them was as justified or unavoidable as the surrender of Detroit on August i6th, 1812. In addition, there was a very embarrassing feature in the case of Detroit, which did not exist in any one of the other surren- ders, with the exception of the surrender of Mackinac, July 17th, 1812. WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT MERCY OF SAVAGES. In and near Detroit there were more than 3,000 women and children. Gen. Hull had fought and defended his position from noon of the 15th until nearly noon of the i6th of August; five of- ficers and men of his command had been killed and 18 wounded, and many women had been in constant danger of the enemy's projectiles. The Indians then with Gen. Brock and the numerous 91 savage tribes approaching, and then very near Detroit, had been incited against the American settlers of that vicinity by Tecumseh and his prophets. The English Northwest Fur Company and other English traders had been indefatigable in arousing and fomenting this animosity, using most insidious efforts to teach the Indians that the Americans had robbed them of their homes, hunting and fishing grounds on the Detroit River. This had so impressed them as to cause them to believe that the extermina- tion of these American settlers would especially please their god "The Great Spirit." (Tuttle's History of Michigan, p. 331 and seq ) It was absolutely impossible for the force under Gen. Hull to protect these numerous women and children from the butchery which would have taken place had the conflict been prolonged, and the only way to save them from savage rapacity was to secure a pledge from Major-General Brock that the force under his command and influence he possessed would be exer- cised to its fullest extent in guarding the persons and property of non-combatants, and women and children from the ravages of the excited Indians. That this was thoroughly accomplished by the surrender is admitted by Sheldon, the Michigan his- torian, whose enmity to Hull was extreme. He says, (p. 404): " It is true that the orders of General Brock were very strict; he did all he could to protect us and probably prevented a general massacre of the Americans." CRUEL AND UNJUST ACTS OF HIGH OFFICIALS. The illegal and arbitrary acts of high officials during this period, and their cruel use of official power to cast obloquy upon others in efforts to shield themselves from merited blame, their lavish bestowal of offices and honors upon those who aided them in such purposes, and the more than cruel punish- ment which they infiicted upon those whose conscience and honor caused them to refuse or even hesitate in obeying their illegal mandates, would astonish and shock the right thinking people of to-day. The fate of the members of the Court Martial, which was convened in 1814 to try General Wilkinson, and which is recited in Wilkinson's Life (\'ol. iii. p. 15), and commented upon in Vol. i (p. 5), is a typical example. It appeared that the Secretary of War issued an order directing that the distinguished Martin Van Buren should act as one of the prosecuting officers. This was unlawful and the Court so decided. Two months later the army was reorganized, and 12 of the 13 members who had thus displeased the Executive, together with General Wilkinson, were stricken from its rolls, and wholly and entirely separated from the army. All of these victims were officers of very creditable service, and General Wilkinson and three others, who were so unjustly deprived of their commissions, were distinguished veterans of the Revolution. Man's circumstances and surroundings may change, but human nature is the same in all ages, and it is sad to know that right and honor is often sacrificed when adherence to it conflicts with a person's interest; and men who in all else are exceptional, too often lack the courage to put truth and justice above all other considerations. The events I have narrated very forcibly impress us that subservience to those who exercised power, bestowed honors and favors, and dispensed offices, was the same in 1812 as it was 1900 years ago. The Holy Bible thus records the verdict of Pontius Pilate, before whom our Savior was tried: " I have examined him before you, and find no cause in this man touching those things wherein you accuse him. No, nor Herod neither." We also read how Pilate reversed his judgment and gave over unto death when he heard the threat: " If thou release this man thou art not Caesar's friend." Obloquy cast upon Gen. Hull would, it was hoped, turn the tide of censure from Gen. Dearborn and the administration, and the instruments to do this were carefully selected. GENERAL DE.^RBORn's 1LLEG.\L .■ACTIONS. Dearborn, the commander-in-chief of the armj', more than any one else, was responsible for the loss of Detroit, and in order that he might try his own cause, he was directed to leave his army in the heighth of war for a period of five months. Of the other officers selected to aid in this work, two-thirds were men with an average military service of but eight months, and with- out any active service in the field, and notwithstanding this lack 93 of experience they had received commissions in the regular army as Lieutenant-Colonels, Colonels, and even Generals, and most of the others who were not promoted at that time, received some substantial benefit or favor. To further assist in accomplishing this purpose misrepre- sentations of the most flagrant character were freely perpe- trated, and by this means much that is utterly devoid of truth has found its way into historical works; but notwithstanding this the truth has sometimes asserted itself. Lossing and Clarke were the first writers to penetrate the labyrinth of misrepre- sentations, and since preparing the above the eye of the writer has fallen upon the following: William Cullen Bryant's History of the United States (Vol. iv, p. 1S9) says: "He (General Hull) had served through the Revolution with distinction. Much of the obloquy which has been heaped upon him is probably due to Lewis Cass, who hastened to Washington with the first news, and gave it a coloring largely supplied by his imagination. Cass's letters, written before and after the surrender, flatly contradicted each other as to the state of affairs at Detroit." McMaster's History of the People of the United States (Vol. iii, p. 559) says: " He (General Hull) was a hardly used man. Not he, but Madison, Eustis and Dearborn were to blame." In collecting the foregoing, care has been taken to cite the authority for every material statement, and I assert with great confidence that the history of the events connected with the military operations upon the northern frontier during the spring and summer of 1812 shows, beyond question, that the disasters which occurred were caused by ill judged actions or orders of those high in power in Washington and on the Niagara frontier, the effect of which was to cause the inevitable sacrifice of the little force at Detroit. I do not cite these 58 surrenders to reflect upon the officers who were so unfortunate as to be in command. They have long since been fully exonerated by those whose duty it was to review and pass upon their action. 1 have simply recited facts as they are found in every history of the United States. And if the cir- cumstances attending the surrender of the garrison at Detroit are shown to have been more justified and more necessary than 94 any of the 58 cases cited, it is conclusive proof that so far from Gen. Hull being subjected to censure he should have been hon- ored, and I mention these 58 surrenders for the purpose of adding to the evidence presented, which proves beyond doubt that environed as he was by conditions for which he was in no wise responsible. Gen. Hull's action was not only proper, neces- sary and unavoidable, but that any other course would have been wickedlv criminal. '):> A 4'-'' ,' .<" ^ >/ t^# .. '■'''.•'' ^z^- ^e t I. iir !•■ 1^ if !1 IK* 111! "! \n III iiiv lllj m !s is;