Hiii! ||:i;|Jg||ljv-:^^ :i;^-;:f!:i;fi' -Mill! ''■•'' ■'■'"^ ji-:^Hi!"j^!'': 'yi'r^;;;;'''!^: ;'//!' 'z!'^^ Illl-'ll'if''''^'-^^ Glass ,.-,^ ^g-jzi. Book i V. 7« 6Sth Congress 1 3d Session SENATE / Document \ No. 454 --^ ^ 1 JACOB HAROLD GALLINGER (Late a Senator from New Hampshire) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES /I7 SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS THIRD SESSION Proceedings in the Senate January 19, 1919 Proceedings in the House January 19, 1919 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING L^ _r^ LO'h ^ WASHINGTON 1919 -4 ffT •C a\ 0£G 24 1910 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Proceedings in the Senate 5 Prayer by Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D 5 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Henry F. Hollis, of New Hampshire 9 Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts 13 Mr. Francis E. Warren, of Wyoming 16 Mr. Hoke Smith, of Georgia 19 Mr. Knute Nelson, of Minnesota 20 Mr. Reed Smoot, of Utah 25 Mr. John W. Weeks, of Massachusetts 28 Mr. Charles S. Thomas, of Colorado 31 Mr. George H. Moses, of New Hampshire 34 Proceedings in the House of Representatives 43 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D 43,46 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Joseph W. Fordney, of Michigan 49 Mr. Julius Kahn, of California 56 Mr. Edward H. Wason, of New Hampshire 59 Mr. Martin B. Madden, of Illinois 70 Mr. Thomas Gallagher, of Illinois 73 Mr. Isaac R. Sherwood, of Ohio 77 Mr. William S. Greene, of Massachusetts 80 Mr. Frank W. Mondell, of Wyoming 88 Mr. Philip P. Campbell, of Kansas 90 Mr. Richard W. Austin, of Tennessee 92 Mr. Sherman E. Burroughs, of New Hampshire.. 95 Mr. Frank P. Woods, of Iowa 105 Mr. Joseph G. Cannon, of Illinois 108 Death of Senator Gallinger 115 Funeral services 117 Tributes 123 [3] HON.JACOB Jf.GAJVLINGEH. DEATH OF HON. JACOB HAROLD GALLINGER Proceedings in the Senate Monday, August 19, 1918. The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the following prayer: Almighty God, as we come before Thee at the beginning of this session our hearts are saddened because of the going away of one of the lofty men of our national life — a man who has lived among us with unsullied character; who has borne himself with the dignity of a Senator, with the honor of a man, with the grace of a Christian; whose counsel was wise; whose chaste spirit has refined the spirit of the Nation. We bless Thee for his life and char- acter and ministry among us. We pray that we may feel an added sense of respon- sibility as these men who have been tried through the years are taken from us, and that we may, by the grace of God, measure up to the ever-increasing responsibilities of this high office. Hear us in our prayer; direct us to-day in the affairs that may confront us; help us to solve our national prob- lems in the fear of God; and bring us to ultimate victory and success. For Christ's sake. Amen. Mr. Nelson. Mr. President, it is my painful duty this morning to announce the death of our late colleague, Jacob H. Gallingeb, the senior Senator from the State of New Hampshire. He passed away from life on the 17th [5] INIemorial Addresses: Senator Gallingek of this month in a sanitarium at Franklin, N. H., in the eighty-second year of his age, after a service of 27 years in this body. Mr. G.\llinger's death is especially sad and painful to me from the fact that 1 have been associated with him so long in the public service. We were associates in the House of Representatives in the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses, and I have been associated with him in this body since the 4th of March, 1895. During a large share of that time we were both members of one of the most important committees of the Senate, and I learned to know the Senator intimately and well. He was one of the most industrious and energetic Members of this body, always vigilant and active in the public interest; and he set an example to all of us who served with him, and to those who are coming after us, as one of the most efficient public servants that this countrj' has ever had. Mr. President, while the late Senator passed away in the fullness of his years, his death is a gi-eat loss not only to his State but to our common country and to this body. We shall miss him. He was always active, always vigi- lant, always attentive to his public duties. On some future occasion this body no doubt will take proceedings to commemorate in a more full and complete manner his life and his seiwices. On this occasion 1 shall not take up the time of the Senate further than to offer the resolutions which I send to the desk and ask to have read. The President pro tempore. The Secretary will read the resolutions. The resolutions (S. Res. 291) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as fol- lows : Resolved, That the Senate lias heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Jacob Harold Gallinger, for 27 years a Senator from the Stale of Nev.- Hampshire. [6] Proceedings in the Senate Resolved, That a committee of 18 Senators be appointed by tlie President pro tempore to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Gallinger, to be held in the city of Concord, N. H. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives. Under the second resolution the President pro tempore appointed Mr. Lodge, Mr. Martin, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Pen- rose, Mr. Dillingham, Mr. Simmons, Mr. Overman, Mr. Smoot, Mr. Borah, Mr. Bankhead, Mr. Smith of Marj'land, Mr. Cummins, Mr. Poindexter, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Weeks, Mr. Hollis, Mr. Curtis, and Mr. New as the committee on the part of the Senate. Mr. Nelson. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased Senator, I move that the Senate adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 12 o'clock and 10 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Thursday, August 22, 1918, at 12 o'clock meridian. Thcrsday, August 22, 1918. A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. South, its Chief Clerk, transmitted to the Senate resolu- tions on the death of Hon. Jacob Harold G.\llinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. Wednesday, December IS. 1918. Mr. Moses. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate shall convene on Sunday, January 19, 1919, at 11 o'clock a. m., to consider resolutions in commemora- tion of the life, character, and public services of the late Senator from New Hampshire, Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger. The Presiding Officer. Is there any objection? There is none, and it is so ordered. [7] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Sunday, January 19, 1919. Mr. HoLLis. Mr. President. I offer the following resolu- tions and move their adoption. The Vice President. The resolutions will be read. The resolutions (S. Res. 417) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as fol- lows: Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. Eesolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate, in pursuance of an order heretofore made, assembles to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. Eesolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. [8] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Mollis, of New Hampshire Mr. President: My late distinguished colleague, the Hon. Jacob Harold Gallinger, was the leader of his party in the Senate and the veteran of this body by two full years in point of continuous service. He entered the Senate March 4, 1891, serving without a break to the day of his death, August 17, 1918, a period of 27 years. Senator Gallinger began his political career in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1872, serving there for several terms, and later three terms in the State senate, where he was twice president. He was a Member of the National Congress for two terms before he entered the United States Senate. For many years he was chairman of the Republican State committee in New Hampshire. The duties of these various offices he discharged with industry', intelligence, and dignity. He leaned toward the formal in his conduct of public business, but he was de- liglitfully informal, genial, and kindly in his own home and among his friends. He was ever ready to perform favors for friend or foe. He was of an optimistic tem- perament, wholesome, sane, uniformly cheerful and cour- teous. It is delightful to one who has been his persistent politifcal adversary from his home ward to the forum of the Senate to be able to accord to him, without reserva- tion, so much of praise. His character and his attitude toward public questions were conventional and consistent. One who had followed his course for a few years could foretell with certainty how he would vote on any matter of importance. He was sure not to be " the first by whom the new is tried," and he was always among " the last to lay the old aside." [9] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Senator Gallinger was a natural conservative. Hard work and persistent effort had lifted him from lowly cir- cumstances to a position of power and influence among his fellows. The game of life was played in his genera- tion according to his tastes and inclinations. He believed that any man of average intelligence could get on in the world if he would be sober, industrious, and thrifty. He did not believe that the countrj' or the Government owed any man more than this opportunity. I think Senator Gallinger was frankly puzzled at the era of change and reform in which he spent his declining years. I used to see him in the Senate gazing at some col- league whom he believed to be honest, wondering how any intelligent man could utter such foolishness. More than once he has said to me in substance : " I sup- pose you young chaps consider me veiy old-fashioned. Perhaps I am. But things look to me now as they have all my life. I believe I am right, and I shall stick it out if I have to stand alone." His long and elevated allegiance to prohibition and woman suffrage testify to his courage and independence. I sincerely believe that the inevitable adoption of Federal amendments on these subjects was hastened several years by his advocacy and support. In these two respects he departed from conventionalism and conservatism and be- came progressive and radical. I think he delighted in thus straying occasionally from the beaten conservative path and plucking a few nosegays from Bohemian fields. Most of his political associates were opposed to prohibi- tion, and nearly all of them abhorred woman suffrage, particularly in the early days. But he never faltered. The name of my late colleague has been familiar to me from boyhood. All my life he has been a leading citizen of my native city. I remember hearing my father speak of him in 1876, when I was only 7, and my father and Dr. [10] Address of Mr. Mollis, of New Hampshire Gallinger, as he was then known, %\ere niemhers of the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention. His children were my playmates and schoolmates, and his daughter sat beside me during our first year in the Concord High School. Dr. Gallinger enjoyed a good practice as a physician in the best circles of Concord before he entered Congress, in the days when a physician was not a specialist, but an all-round general practitioner, family adviser, and friend. My townsmen referred to him to the last as " Doctor " Gallinger, feeling in some way iliat that appellation was less formal than that of " Senator." He was always prominent in advancing the cause of our city and our State. In the old days there were perennial contests in the State legislature and before the courts be- tween the Concord Railroad and the Boston & Maine Rail- road, which was then called a " foreigner." Dr. Gallin- ger and my father always worked together for the inter- ests of the Concord road against the foreign invader. And it was characteristic of Senator Gallinger that he continued those early friendships and afTiliations through- out his life. He had a great gift in the way of staunch- ness and loyalty to his friends. Senator Gallinger was a tireless worker, and had little patience with those who were lazy or inattentive. For 20 years I tended his skill in political campaigns, and I never knew it to fail. No detail was overlooked. He kept track of every absent voter, and found time to take a friendly interest in pi'omising young men of both parties just ap- proaching their majority. The Democratic Party won no important victories in New Hampshire until he retired as chairman of the Republican State Committee in 1908. My relations with my colleague were always cordial in private life. In the Senate we usually voted against each other, but we never clashed in debate after the tariff con- [11] INIemorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger test of 1913. We found many opportunities to reciprocate favors, and we never hesitated to confer on matters in which our constituents were interested. I can testify with authority to the universal esteem in which my late colleague was held by Senators on this side of the Chamber. I leave it to those who were associated with him long years in the Senate to speak of his services here. I have tried merely to outline his many fine quali- ties as observed by a political antagonist of a younger gen- eration who knew him as a good neighbor, a kind parent, a devoted husband, and an exemplary citizen. New Hampshire mourns his loss. [12] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts Mr. President: " The man who was one of us has put on the garment of Eternity and become radiant and tri- umphant; the present is all at once the past; Hope is sud- denly cut away and only the backward vistas of Memory remain, shone over by a light that proceeds not from this earthly sun." " This is a transition out of visible Time into invisible Eternity." And the questions which arise as we mourn for the friend who has gone and strive to do him honor are two: What did he do in the life that was granted him among the generation and in the times where his lot was cast? and the greater question, How did he live his life? What a man was is ever more important than what he did. Without misgiving we can ask and answer both questions in the case of Senator Gallinger. A long life closing with all that should accompany old age, " honor, love, obedi- ence, troops of friends." A life beginning with the earn- est pursuit and crowding activities of a noble profession and then passing to many years of devoted public service lasting longer than the lifetime of a generation of men. For more than 27 years he has served his State and his country in the Senate of the United States. A great trust this and finely executed. No more faithful public servant ever sat in the great body of which he was so long an honored Member. His diligence and industi-y never flagged. He passed daily from the committee room, where most of the hard work — never seen or compre- hended fully by the public — is done, to the floor of the Senate to continue his labors there. He was preeminently [13] Memorial Aodresses : Senator Gai.linger a good legislator. No measure that interested him, and ven- few escaped his watchful eye, went through without some improving touch from his skillful hand whenever improvement was needed. He became a very able parlia- mentarian, although not bred to the law, and was always master of the business of the Senate. He was a strong and effective debater, and upon the subjects which he made peculiarly his own when he spoke at length it was always with force, with thorough knowledge, and with clear coordination of all parts of his subject and all phases of the argument. His career was one of real bene- fit and wide-reaching usefulness to his fellow men and of ever-growing distinction until he became and securely held a high eminence as one of the best known and most trusted statesmen of the Republic. The words " ever growing " can be accui-ately used in regard to Senator Gallinger, for his mental and bodily strength until two years ago was never abated. He had reached his eightieth year before he had the severe illness which gave the first indication of his advanced age. Even then, after his re- coveiy, when he returned to his work, he labored as be- fore and his wise counsel and strong but kindly influence were as potent as ever. Never for a moment did he lag superfluous upon the stage or through disease or weak- ness fail in any duty. He had the i-espect, the confidence, and the affection of his fellow Senators on both sides of the Chamber to a degree rarely equaled. This was not owing to any arts practiced for popularity; still less to being all things to all men, which was impossible to him. It was wholly due to his character, to the qualitj' of the man. In other words, to what he was, the second and the greater touchstone, and this proved him to be current gold indeed. He was a man of strong character and rigid honesty alike in thought, in word, and in action. He had strong likes and dislikes, ri4i Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts deep-rooted convictions, and entire courage, and these are the qualities which in the long run always command re- spect; and if they are allied as they were in him with great kindness, a most genuine modesty, keen sympathy, and a real tender-heartedness for all who sorrow or are heavy laden, affection is sure to follow close upon respect. He was a good man, highest praise of all, never prim or prud- ish or intolerant, incapable of hypocrisy, and yet always a good man without casuistry or debate and without spot or blemish upon which en\^% hatred, or malice could lay a pain-giving touch. He had many a hard-fought contest and he never asked quarter or shrank from striking a hard blow for the truth as he saw it, but about himself he never had anything to explain. His life was an open book and he guarded no secrets. Many hca\'3' sorrows came to him, and he felt them deeply, but he met them bravely, and went on with liis public work unrelaxing and undaunted. So death came to him with the harness on his back, as he would have wished — came to him when he was filled with overpowering, yearning anxiety for his beloved country in the hour of extreme stress and trial. Those who knew him, those who were with him in all his daily work, will miss him sadly. To those nearest and dearest to him his death is an irreparable loss. But for him all is well. In the fullness of his years, loved and honored by his friends and countrymen, with but little suffering he has come to the inevitable end. "With all truth and with devout and tender feeling we may repeat the beautiful words : " Well done, thou good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." [15] Address of Mr. Warren, of Wyoming Mr. President: We have assembled to-day to pay trib- ute to the memory of om- late and much-beloved col- league, Jacob Harold Gaixinger, who was one of the many great men the State of New Hampshire has produced, and one of the most useful statesmen this body has known. Other Senators, who feel his loss no more keenly than I do, will doubtless recount better than I can the many interesting facts that concerned his long career of hon- orable public service. Therefore, 1 shall speak but briefly regarding those facts. Jacob H. Gallinger was born on a Canadian farm and was one of a large family of children. In his youth he learned the printer's trade and later studied medicine, and was graduated in that profession, which he followed until he entered Congi-ess as a Member of the House of Representatives in 1885. He served in the House through- out two Congresses, the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth, declined renomination for election to the Fifty-first Congress, and came to the Senate in the Fifty-second Congress, his term commencing March 4, 1891. My own service in the United States Senate commenced three months prior to that time, so I was one of those permitted to welcome him when he came. But, alas, it has been more than a decade since the last one of all the others of the then sitting Members of this body passed out of service here. Senator Gallinger served continu- ously from his first entrance into the Senate until his death, while my fate was to retire for one Congress. So the Senator had had, in fact, a considerably longer service at the time of his death than any of the remaining Mem- bers. [16] Address of Mr. Warren, of Wyoming It was the privilege of several of us here to have known Senator Gallinger during a large part of his 33 years' service in Congress, and I am certain that not one of his former colleagues who have outlived him, whether his acquaintanceship was for a longer or shorter period, will gainsay my statement that Senator Gallinger was one of the most lovable, faithful, and courteous men we have had with us in this close association of the Senate Cham- ber, which gives men opportunity to know each other most intimately and to observe at close range each other's human weaknesses as well as strength. In that connection I am reminded of the words of the essayist, Emerson, who said that " Other men are lenses through which we read our own minds." That idea be- comes real to us as we gather here each day and look into the lenses for the thoughts of our fellow Senators and the reflections of our own thoughts. And most of us will recall the many times we have consulted with our friend who has left us, as we have endeavored to inform our- selves and to adjust our own minds. I have never known Senator Gallinger to shirk a duty or responsibility. On the contrary, I have known him to be present here and engage in burdensome tasks when his strength was not equal to the demands made upon it. We were fellow members of several committees dur- ing our many years of service together; but our longest and closest association was as co-members of the Com- mittee on Appropriations, covering a period of 15 years. There it was especially noticeable that the successive chairmen and members alike had the greatest respect for Senator Gallinger's sound judgment and keen common sense regarding matters of legislation — partially inherent and partially acquired by long experience and strict at- tention to his public duties. He could always be relied upon as a sort of anchor when either parsimony or ex- 115000^—19— — 2 [17] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gaij.ixger travagance threatened to upset things somewhat for the time being. His long service as member, and for many years as chairman, of the Committee on the District of Columbia enabled him to contribute to the Appropriations Commit- tee assistance of inestimable value in connection with the ofttimes difficult matters that surround District appro- priations. Incidentally, his fairness in dealing with Dis- trict matters, his willingness to give all factions respectful hearing in cases of dispute, endeared him to the hearts of all District residents who are interested in the legislative and administrative affairs of tliis city. While attending strictly to his duties as a legislator, our good friend who has gone beyond did not lose interest in his earlier profession of medicine and surgei-y. His older friends habitually addressed him as " Doctor Gallinger "; hospitals were aided by him and named for him; and my belief is that he took great pride in the title and pro- fession. For many years I have known in what high esteem Senator Gallinger has been held by all those in the hum- bler walks of life who have had occasion to consult him about their business and personal affairs. Their verdict has been universal regarding his never-failing kindliness and generosity. Indeed, we shall never know a kindlier man and friend — and when we speak of him as a consistent, loyal friend, which he was, we give him the highest title we can possibly bestow. Fast as the rolling seasons bring The hour of fate to those we love, Each pearl that leaves the broken string Is set in Friendship's crown above. As narrower grows the earthly chain, The circle widens in the sky; These are our treasures that remain, But those are stars that beam on high. [18] Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia Mr. President: I wish to speak of Senator Gallinger just as I saw him and knew him and miss him in this Chamber. I have known and closely observed him here for seven years. At first. Senator Gallinger was the leader of his party in the majority, and for the last six years he was still the leader of his party wliile it was in the minority. During the entire time he was earnest, watchful, and vigilant. No Senator was more constant in attendance or readier to handle any question which came before the Senate. He was master of the Senate rules of procedure and a stickler for their observance. Wliile an intense believer in his party, he was broadly patriotic, and no one could fairly watch his course without knowing that his great purpose was to serve his country. He spoke without display, but with perfect clearness and persuasive logic, and he rarely failed to win the Sen- ate for the side he advocated. His line of thought always showed a purpose to build up and not to pull down. He preferred to praise, not to criticize. He believed in his country; he had confidence in our institutions; he loved his fellow countrymen; he loved to see the best side of everything and everybody. He was an optimist, full of hope and confidence, though anxiously thoughtful of the future. He was kind and gentle and courteous. It was a pleasure to be with him. Senator Gallinger was among the foremost of his asso- ciates in his work and in their esteem. We cherish his memory. There is much in his record that we may emu- late, and not the least his devotion to the Senate and to its constitutional responsibilities, for the disregard or neglect of which he deeply grieved. [19] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota Mr. President: I first became acquainted with Senator Gallinger in 1885, and was associated witli him in the House of Representatives in the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses, of whicli we were both Members. Our ac- quaintance ripened into a close friendship, which con- tinued to the day of his death. Neither of us could at that time foresee what tlie future had in store for us or that we would be associates in the United States Senate for nearly 24 years. On this occasion I can only undertake to give a brief outline of his noble career and great energy and activity in the public service. He was born on Canadian soil and of German ancestry on the father's side, but in his later childhood or early youth he came to the United States to remain with us the rest of his days. He was not born in the lap of luxuiy, and his early days were those of struggle, work, and hardship. He, however, managed to acquire a good academic education, meanwhile woi'king for a short time at the trade of a printer. Shortly afer completing his career at the academy he took up the study of medicine and surgerj' at the Cincin- nati Medical Institute, from which he graduated in his twentj'-second jear. Shortly after this he settled at Con- cord, N. H., which became his permanent home, and en- tered upon the practice of medicine and surgerj', in which he was vei-y successful. A broader and more enchanting field of activity and usefulness, however, soon attracted his attention and aspirations. By his own inclination, and at the instance of his fellow citizens, he entered the political arena and [20] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota was elected to the State legislature in 1871. He served for several years in both the house and the senate, and during a part of the time was presiding officer of the senate. After the expiration of his service in the State senate he was in 1884 elected a Member of the House of Rep- resentatives in the Congress of the United States, and reelected in 1886. In 1888 he declined reelection. He entered the House as an experienced and well-equipped legislator and soon took an active part and became promi- nent in the proceedings of that body. He was a good de- bater and an active and energetic committee member, and kept good track of the diversified field of legislation. Had he remained longer a Member of the House, he would undoubtedly have soon taken a front rank and become one of the leaders of that body — a leadership that does not come through favor, but through real worth, ability, and fitness. On March 4, 1891, he entered the Senate as an experi- enced and trained legislator, well versed in public afTairs; and he continued as a Member of this body until the day of his death, August 17, 1918, when he passed away peace- fully near his home in the State he had so long faithfully served, in the eighty-second year of his age, after a service of more than 27 years in the Senate. Those who are familiar with the work of the Senate know that Senators, so far as their activity as legislators is concerned, may well be grouped into three classes, namely: those who seldom attend committee meetings and give little attention to the routine work of the Senate, but who participate in the debates and frequently, on oc- casion, deliver eloquent and instructive speeches on pub- lic questions; then there is another class, who are faith- ful attendants of the meetings of the committees of which they are members and do much hard and quiet work in formulating legislative measures, but who take little or [21] Memori.'VL Addresses: Senator Gallinger no part in the debates and seldom deliver any set speeches; and there is also a third class, who are active and energetic in committee work, give constant attention to the proceedings in the Senate, and actively participate in the debates, rather for elucidation and instruction than for display of mere eloquence. Senator Gallinger belonged to this third class. He was a most active, energetic, and industrious committee mem- ber, constant in attendance and persistent in work. I, as an associate of liis for many years on one of the important committees of the Senate, bear witness at first-hand to this fact. He was not only faithful in his committee work, but he was also a faithful attendant of the sessions of the Senate and kept a close watch of, and was in constant touch with, all important measures on the calendar. But, beside all this, he was a most excellent, ready, keen, and instructive debater, who always elucidated and made clear the subject to which he addressed himself. His aim was to help — to shed light rather than darkness. He was always earnest and sincere, and this served to add force to his remarks. He was decided and clear and never equivocating or misleading. The public welfare as he saw it — and as a rule he always saw it aright — was his constant aim and lodestar. It was the compass that guided him through his manifold and diversified ac- tivities. He was an ardent protectionist, who never faltered or equivocated. To him it seemed one of the chief main- springs of our industrial life; and he was as ready to aid the farmer, the lumberman, and the miner of the great West as the manufacturer of New England. His shield of protection was country wide, and wherever needed he stood ready to invoke it. He labored ardently and long, in season and out of season, to rehabilitate, build up, and enlarge our weak [22] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota and feeble merchant marine, and had his plan been adopted by Congress when proposed our country would at the outbreak of the great war at least have had some ship- ping which it could call its own and would not have been entirely at the mercy of other countries. We might have had some swift ocean carriers of our own to carry our troops and supplies to Europe. The subsidies he pi'o- posed, which were then so vigorously opposed, seem picayunish and Lilliputian when compared with what has so lavishly been expended under the direction of the Ship- ping Board during the last two years. Millions have now been expended in lieu of the dollars his plan involved, and we should have had a superior class of ships, too, under his plan. He took a deep active interest in developing, enlarging, and beautifying the city of Washington. It was his am- bition that the Capital of our Nation should rank and hold its place among the finest and best of all the world. His activity, however, was not confined to the specific subjects to which I have referred, though these engrossed much of his time. He paid strict attention to the general course of legislation. All important matters of legislation had his watchful care and attention, and he was never at a loss in debating and discussing such measures. Some Senators are content to devote most of their attention to a single subject of importance, but he, while he had his specialties, was not anchored to these exclusively. He took in and devoted his attention to the entire range of pending measures. He was always on the lookout for what he conceived to be mischievous and dangerous meas- ures, and for these he had no mercy and never hesitated to impale them or to point out their dangerous character. Like many of us, he had at times his trials to contend with. His early life was a time of struggle and trial, but his trials seemed only to increase his zest for work and [23] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger never ruffled the equanimity of his temper. He was a royal friend and a genial companion — kind, considerate, and lielpful to his associates. After more than 45 years in the public service, he died comparatively a poor man, but with an untarnishable record and with the love of the people he had so long served. His epitaph will not be like that of some of our modern millionaires, whose record in brief is this: He was born poor, but by hard work and rigid economy he accumulated several millions. A small portion of this he gave to charity; the balance all went to his family. A barren life such as this — barren in all but the devo- tion to Mammon — was not the life of Senator Gallinger, and fortunatelj^ it is not the life, as a rule, of our public men. New Hampshire has had many great Senators in this body, but I doubt whether she has had a more useful one than Senator Gallinger. [24] Address of Mr. Smoot, of Utah Mr. President: In the death of the late Senator Jacod H. Gallinger New Hampshire lost her foremost and best beloved citizen and the country one of its safest and most esteemed statesmen. He was honest and brave, learned and sagacious, true and patriotic, and his death leaves a vacancy in the Senate which can hardly be filled. He will be missed more and more as the years go by. He was a perfect gentleman; a man of constructive ability, of the strictest integrity and unquestioned honor. He was a lover of justice, a fair opponent. He was courteous al- ways in his treatment of those who differed with him. So great has been the implicit confidence of the people of New Hampshire in his wisdom and judgment, so pro- found was their admiration for his statesmanship, so loyal for his blameless character, that they elected liim to represent them in the House of Representatives for two terms and elected him as their Senator for a continu- ous service of 30 years. Senator Gallinger was a man of wonderful perspective, and his mental horizon was not limited by local condi- tions or partisan convictions. He took a deep interest in everything that benefited the whole counti'y, and he watched with pride and satisfaction its progress, its achievements, its successes, its industrial and educational advancement. He believed in law and order, and was ever the defender and often the author of legislation the object of which was to make the people of this country happy, contented, and prosperous. When Senator Gallinger left the Senate for his home in New Hampshire a short time before the close of the last session of Congress 1 felt that he never would return. L25] Memorlvl Addresses: Senator Gallinger He was a sick man at the time, and he knew it; but his indomitable will would not allow him to tliink so, or that his death was near. He expressed the opinion to me that a short rest on his farm in New Hampshire would be the means of his securing the needed rest. The announce- ment of his death was no surprise to me. He was my friend, and my association with him constitutes one of the most pleasant features of my public life. He enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the Members of the Senate irrespective of political affiliation. In debate he was always frank, cordial, and courteous. He was simple and direct in thought and action. He was truthful and en- tirely free from that moral cowardice which breeds de- ception. Some Senators realize, but few outside the Sen- ate fully appreciate, how great a service he rendered the Nation. Senator Gallinger was always a sterling defender of any cause which he espoused, never thinking whether its advocacy would inure to his personal advantage or not. He was modest and unassuming, as everj' Senator will testify. He sought in his legislative career to check illegal and extravagant expenditures, and to reduce taxation, to encourage manufacture, and the building of an American merchant marine. I know there have come to our departed friend times of disappointment, times of discouragement, and times when he would have given the richest things he possessed to have received the assurance of the appreciation of his fellow men that has been expressed so freely here to-day. There may be erected to his memory monuments of mar- ble. In this way his name may be kept fresh in the mem- orj' of the few. But the statements made to-day tell, as cold stones can never tell, of the things for which he was honored, respected, and loved, and which made him great in the estimation of all who knew him. The reward 26] Address of Mr. Smoot, of Utah of one's fellow men is a reward that must be earned, and happy, indeed, is he who gains it; and few there are who gain it in the degree and the measure so universal and with so many people as did the late Senator Gallinger. In halls of State he stood for many years Like fabled Knight his visage all aglow, Receiving, giving, sternly, blow for blow. Champion for right! But from Eternity's far shore Thy spirit will return to join the strife no more. Rest, citizen, statesman, rest, thy troubled life is o'er. Mr. President, if we could but force our vision through the thin veil that separates this life from the greater life beyond we would not look upon death with that degree of dread which is so common to mankind. To me death is but the passing from our present existence to a more perfect and active one. What a fortunate thing it would be if our lives were such that with the cable of hope inter- twined with faith and charity, we could, with properly attuned ears, receive from the Master now and then the message we are all striving for, " All is well." The Vice President. The Chair is informed that the Senator from Arizona [Mr. Smith], who is next on the list of speakers, is confined to his room by illness. [27] Address of Mr. Weeks, of Massachusetts Mr. President: Other Senators have given or will give the salient facts relating to the long and distinguished career of Senator G,\llinger, and I shall not duplicate that general statement; but 1 can not refrain from taking a brief part in the services on thi^ occasion. Senator Gallinger represented my native State in Con- gress for more than twice as many j'ears as any other man in the history of New Hampshire. That long service, and the fact that our views very largely coincided on public questions, brought me into close relationship with him and gave me an insight into his practices and policies perhaps as great as that of other Senators who have served with him for more years. Senator Gallinger was a strong party man — a political course which, in my judgment, is the soundest from every standpoint of good government. He recognized that this Government is best conducted only when there are two strong and nearly evenly divided political parties, and that any variation from that policj' tends toward per- sonal or individual government. Personal or individual government lessens stability and destroys that responsi- bility' which can only exist with organization. It is true that men who believed as he did and as I do in such fun- damental matters very frequently find themselves in the position of not approving in all details what their own partj' for the moment may advocate; and yet they realize, as he did with great broadness and saneness, the desira- bility of concerted and consistent political action. Senator Gallinger was a most industrious man up to the day of his final sickness. Very few men in the Senate gave more detailed attention to the duties of their work [28] Address of Mr. Weeks, of Massachusetts than he. The records of Congress will show that up to July 1, 1918, there were few important questions before the Senate which he did not debate with intelligence, and his thorough knowledge of the questions of the day always commanded the respect and admiration of his colleagues. He had an expert knowledge of many of the great public questions affecting the welfare of our Nation equaled by but few legislators in recent years. No man had a clearer conception of a protective tariff or was of firmer belief in that doctrine than Senator Gallinger. He was one of its most earnest and effective advocates for many years, and his faith in the value of that policy never weakened. No man in Congress had a more intimate knowledge of the requirements of our country in relation to a merchant marine. He discussed that question many times, covering the entire ground with such thoroughness that it is diffi- cult to add to the arguments he made in favor of a mer- chant-marine subsidy. His knowledge of naval affairs and his hearty advocacy of an effective navy was well known, and Senator Gallin- ger was a potent influence in bringing that arm of our military service to the high standard of efTiciency which enabled it to make possible its great record in the recent war with Germany. These are but a few examples of his broad knowledge and thorough equipment as a Senator. Most men who have passed the threescore-and-ten mark have lessened their activities, either for physical or other reasons. There was no failure on the part of Senator Gallinger to continue his active interest and participation in public affairs long after that period. Indeed, his mental and physical faculties were available until the end. His was a most friendly, wholesome, and cordial char- acter, helpful to others, genial in his personal relation- sliips, and particularly generous in his attitude toward [29] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger his fellow men. I can bear witness to these admirable qualities, for from the day I came into the Senate he took an interest in me which was both fatherly and brotherly and which aided me materially in my efforts to become a relatively useful Member of this body. No State in the Union has been represented in Congress with greater devotion than was New Hampshire by Sena- tor Gallinger dui-ing his long service. He was jealous of everything pertaining to the welfare of his State; and although his service in Congress made him well known to everyone in New Hampshire I do not believe the peo- ple he served so faithfully and well can quite appreciate the keen personal interest he took in them and their affairs. It is frequently said in a somewhat perfunctory way that this man or that man can not be well spared from the public service. Those of us who have served in Wash- ington for many years know that the average man — in fact, substantially all men — although they may have been useful and even brilliant legislators, drop out without so much as causing a ripple on the surface of congressional life. That is not true, however, of Senator Gallinger. He was the admired and trusted leader of his party, and those younger in service and younger in years had long trusted that leadership and depended on his sound ad- vice and calm judgment. I can not express how strongly I regret his passing, not only from my own personal, but the public standpoint. If ever a man earned the reward " Well done, thou good and faithful sei-vant," Senator Gallinger did; and I am sure that sentence expresses the sentiments of his asso- ciates in the Senate, all those who knew him and those represented by him. [30] Address of Mr. Thomas, of Colorado Mr. President: For some time before I became a Mem- ber of the Senate my sentiment toward Senator Gallinger was distinctly antagonistic. I had met him casually some 19 years ago. The basis for the feeling which I enter- tained was the occasional appearance of public criticisms reflecting upon his public service, the principles upon which he acted, and the views he entertained upon prime matters of public concern. To me they were the antithesis of everything which I professed and which seemed essen- tial to the ordered and healthy progress of the Nation. In this mental attitude I entered the Senate Chamber. Senator Gallinger was the Presiding Officer of the Sen- ate at that time. He administered the oath of otTicc to me, and on that afternoon he called upon me in the offices which had been assigned to me in the building across the way. He spent some half or three-quarters of an hour in exchange of personal reminiscences and courtesies, dur- ing the visit giving me much valuable information regard- ing the details of a Senator's life, for which I felt and ex- pressed my sense of appreciation. Upon parting he ex- pressed his gratification that I had become one of his col- leagues and desired me to call upon him at any time he could be of service. To say that my feeling of mistrust was dissipated by this kindly interest in my behalf is but to feebly express the entire change of sentiment which his kindly and genial companionship impelled. I took occasion shortly afterwards to express to him my regret that I had formed a hasty judgment of his charac- ter and standing, upon secondary evidence which my ex- perience at the bar should have warned me against, and to express the hope that our relations as long as we were [31] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gai.linger here together should be as kindly and as cordial as they had begun; and they were, Mr. President, from that hour to the hour of his death, those of a close, congenial, and affectionate friendship. Senator Gallinger stood for many things which I did not approve, and I stood for many things which he could not approve; and it is the close and intimate contact with men like Senator Gallinger that induces, or should induce, men to modify their judgments of each other and also their convictions of the soundness of their own views; for, after all, however sincere our sentiments and con- victions, it is human to err, and imperfection is character- istic of all judgments. Senator Gallinger was a conservative statesman. He had that rarest of virtues in these days — a moral courage which made it impossible for him to be neutral upon any position and impelled him to inform the world of Ms sentiments upon cverj' question confronting him in his capacity as a United States Senator; yet, mingled with his conservatism were elements of a progressive nature that were in decided contrast to his general views. The Sena- tor from New Hampshire [Mr. Hollis], his former col- league, has directed attention to his championship of the two gi'eat liberal issues of prohibition and woman suf- frage. He was as earnest and constant in his devotion to these as in his advocacy of or opposition to evcr^' proposi- tion which his judgment commended or condemned. It is not an unusual contrast, Mr. President, but in a man of such sterling integrity of conviction it does afford some basis for speculation that views wliich seem so diametri- cally opposed to each other should have found in him a common champion. Senator Gallinger combined with his sturdiness of con- viction, his practice of participating in every important discussion as an ardent and vigorous contestant, all the [32] Address of Mr. Thomas, of Colorado sterling qualities of a true and perfect gentleman. We have had, during the six years that I have been a Member of the Senate, a number of sharply controverted issues and discussions, generating much heated debate and occa- sionally disturbing the serenity of our proceedings, but he was alwaj^s considerate of his colleagues and mindful of the limitations of debate. As his party's leader he bore himself courageously and well, yet I can recall the utterance of not a single sen- tence, not a single reflection, that left in the mind and heart of any associate a moment's bitterness or pain. That, Mr. President, was the distinguishing characteristic of Senator Galunger; his abilitj' to participate in most earnest and strenuous discussion at all times consistent with the highest courtesy. These elements rarely blend together at all tiines. When they do they should com- mand, as they always must, the instinctive and enduring tribute of affection and of friendship. Senator Gallinger served his country for many years, and at the ripe age of 81 passed from this sphere of use- fulness into a well-earned eternal rest. I trust, Mr. Presi- dent, that those who survive us may be inspired with the same sentiments of regret and affection for us when we, " like streaks of morning cloud, shall have melted into the infinite azure of the past." 115066»— 10 3 [33] Address of Mr. Moses, of New Hampshire Mr. President: Others, from the standpoint of their association with him here, have spoken, and properly, of Senator Gallinger as a figure in the life of the Nation; of his long service in this Chamher; of the part that he played for so many years in shaping the legislation of the country; of his work in forming the policies of his partj'; and, through that party's long-continued dominance and his own preeminent position in it, of his share in making the political history of the United States during the past generation. I may not claim the privilege of speaking of him thus. My knowledge of his public life was taken in perspective, because the hopes which I had had and which he, in some measure, I am sure, shai'ed with me, of sitting here as his colleague, never came to fruition. And, Mr. President, it is perhaps not out of place that I should add that I feel myself humbled as I think of my- self as his successor. I was a lad when I first knew Senator Gallinger, and he had not yet come to his later national fame. He was a physician of merited repute, and such leisure as his busy professional life afforded was spent upon the old estate in the historic town of Salisbury — the home of the Websters — in the ample and hospitable old house to which he turned so longingly in his last stricken days and from which he went the week before his death. My father was a preacher in the neighboring town of Franklin, and on Sunday afternoons he ministered to the diminishing flock which still clung to the ancient temple of colonial faith among the Salisbury hills. As a boy I used to drive [34] Address of Mr. Moses, of New Hampshire there with liim as he went to carry his message, and there I first met Senator Gallinger, whose magnetic personality made an impression upon my youthful mind which later association strengthened and confirmed. From then to the day of his death I was privileged to know him; for the last quarter century of his life to know him intimately; to he associated witli him in such of his public affairs as related to the State of New Hampshire, or which had their theater of action there; to receive from him con- fidences such as I have heen vain enough to think he gave to few, if any, others; to he with him in times of trial; to share with him his many moments of triumph; to stand heside him in seasons of his grief; and to off"er to him all that an ardent and affectionate discipleship could give to a leader. In consequence, Mr. President, I shall seek to speak of Senator Gallinger to-day, not as a public man, not as a legislator, not as leader of his party in this Chamber and elsewhere, but as a friend. Nevertheless, it is impossible to view Senator Gallin- ger's life in any aspect without taking into the account his public career — which covered nearly half of all his years and which occupied the greater part of the long span from the day of his majority to the day of his death. When I first knew the Senator he was at the very be- ginning of his national career. He had served with such distinction in the lower house of the New Hampshire Legislature as to merit his promotion to the State senate, where he was made president of that body. He had con- ducted successfully, in behalf of a friend, the most pro- longed and most bitterly contested struggle for a nomina- tion to the governorship which our party in New Hamp- shire had ever known; and he had followed that task with equally successful leadership in the election cam- paign, where, as chairman of the Republican State com- [35] Memorial Addresses: Senator G.\llinger mittee, he wrested victory almost from the jaws of de- feat. This achievement had clearly marked him out for further advancement in public life; and he was then in the midst of his first campaign for nomination to Con- gress — a canvass in which he was confronted by one of the most adroit and resourceful of New Hampshire Republicans, who was supported almost unanimously by the legal profession, to which he belonged, and who, by tactical considerations and by capable service for the party and in office, seemed inevitably destined to win. In that canvass Senator Gallinger's skill as a political manager was displayed, 1 have often thought, as never before nor since; and following his nomination he again took the chairmanship of the State committee and carried himself and his whole ticket through to victory. He entered Congress with the first Cleveland adminis- tration. His party was in the minority, but he took his place with the constitutional opposition which our politi- cal system provides, and his genius for leadership found immediate opportunity' for expression. He took a promi- nent part in debate, and his vigorous speeches found wide distribution as campaign documents. His second nomi- nation to the House of Representatives came to him with- out opposition; and again in the chairmanship of the State committee he had the honor of carrying his party to victon' in the election. The impression which he had made during his first term was heightened by the activi- ties of his second to such an extent that a serious move- ment arose in New Hampshire to overthrow the then existing doctrine of rotation in Congress, which limited , our Members of Congress to two terms, and to give to him a third nomination by acclamation. Committed, as he felt himself to be, to the existing order, he checked this movement and announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. [36] Address of Mr. Moses, of New Hampshire That canvass marked the only defeat which Senator Gallinger's political career has known. His opponent's triumph in the legislative caucus was of such proportions that many observers believed that Senator Gallinger's political life was ended. But their judgment was formu- lated without knowledge of the man. He at once an- nounced his candidacy for the senatorial seat to become vacant two years hence; and, freed from the restraints of office and beginning the effort — never wholly accom- plished — of shaking himself free from the demands of his professional occupation, he devoted himself to organizing for the contest which lay ahead of him. Against him were arrayed the sitting Senator, one of the most popular of our ex-governors, and others of lesser consequence in the political field. Around Senator Gallinger were gathered the friends whom he had made in public and private life, and dominating the whole of his canvass was his own inspiring and forceful leadership. He won the nomination and the election followed in due course. His early days in this Chamber were affected by differ- ences with his colleagues, which arose out of the intensity with which the Senator's first campaign for the Senate had been conducted. The result, I am sure, was a period of stress for both of them, and I know that the reconcilia- tion which was later effected brought equal satisfaction to the two Senators and to their host of friends in New Hampshire. Following Mr. Chandler's retirement from the Senate, Senator Gallinger's supremacy in New Hampshire be- came unquestioned. Two reelections came to him by unanimity and another was won by a secure margin. This contest was the Senator's sunset campaign. He was in his seventy-eighth year; he was running for the first time in a primary and in a popular election of a Senator; he was seeking a fifth term; and it was at a time, within [37] Memorial Addhesses: Senator (Iallinger easy recollection, of the Republican division of two years before. His opponent was young, but no younger in spirit than his antagonist; his opponent was active in the canvass, but no more so than his seasoned opponent; his opponent was vigorous and plausible on the stump, but he was unable to match the reasoned arguments of the Old Man Eloquent. Tliis campaign, Mr. President, brought Senator Gallin- ger to new relations with his people, or, to speak more accurately, into renewed relations with them, such as he had not sustained since his second campaign for Congress nearly 30 years before. And it became immediately evi- dent that neither his powers nor his charm had dimin- ished. In that canvass, Mr. President, I was privileged to speak with Senator Gallinger more frequently than anj- other of his coadjutors in the campaign, and as we rode, each day and night, from place to place, I think I found a deeper insight into liis character than I had before pos- sessed. His alert mind was keen to seize upon each detail of the trj'ing canvass; his marvelous memory proved an in- exhaustible storehouse of opportune citation when con- fronted with what otherwise might have been a trouble- some problem; his unfailing good humor was proof against all annoyances and was no inconsiderable factor in smoothing out the rough places in the journey to suc- cess. And when the victory had been won his great heart not only awarded to each who had assisted him his merited portion of praise but, with characteristic magna- nimity, it shut out the memory of the injuries which had been sought against him. He began his last term here with fond expectation of following it to its allotted end. But its cares burdened his strength. He was unremitting always in his attend- ance here, and his tireless industry never flagged. His [38] Address of Mr. Moses, of New Hampshire serenity of spirit was rarely disturbed to outward appear- ance, but it was evident that he was greatly perplexed by the national problems which the war had brought. Twice within his last year he came face to face with death; and it was only his iron constitution, preserved by his clean life, that enabled him to come from his chamber of con- valescence to the Capitol in order to vote for the declara- tion of war and to take up liis work as a Senator in a war Congress. How well he did that work has been attested here to- day by those who saw it. How reluctantly he laid it down, I can testify, for I saw him on the day before he left Washington for the last time, and his mind, though look- ing forward to the healing days which he hoped to pass in the New Hampshii-e hills, nevertheless looked beyond them to the days of restored strength, when he would be back here again at the tasks which he knew so well and performed so perfectly. But it was not to be. His sturdy figure belied the weakness which his prolonged and ex- cessive devotion to duty had brought upon him, and he left this Chamber, the scene of his labors, and this city, where there arise on every hand so many evidences of his forethought and tastes, never to return. And I venture to believe, Mr. President, that nowhere outside of his own State of New Hampshire will there be found those who will mourn Senator Gallinger more sincerely than in the city of Washington, whose people knew him for years as the painstaking and alert chairman of the Senate Commit- tee on the District of Columbia. Turning to contemplate Senator Gallinger in the friendly relationship which I am pleased to tliink so long subsisted between him and me, words elude me as I try to express how much my association with him has meant to me, and how much his death means to me now. De- prived of the further benefit of his companionship and [39] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger inspiration in the flesh, I still love to believe that I retain my connection with him in the spirit and that my recol- lection of him will in some measure aflford to me the counsel which I never sought of him in vain. In his last jears, Mr. President, Senator Gallingeb drank deeply of the waters of bitterness. His younger daughter was taken from him in the days when her charming matronhood gave promise of happy years to come; the wife of his youth, who had shared with him so many of the years of his distinction, died, instantly, at his side; his oldest son fell dead just as he and his father were returning from a happy journey abroad; and his last-born, in whom centered great hopes for the con- tinuance of the Gallinger name in the profession which the father had so adorned, was tragically taken away. A less robust spirit would have been crushed by all this. There were left to him, however, the sweet solace of filial affection from his surviving daughter and the care of a devoted sister, and to these were added the heightened solicitude of the friends who were now bound to him by stronger bonds than ever. His own serene Christian spirit was no small factor in making the close of his life calm and beautiful; and he died in the fullness of years and of honors, and all that we say here to-day will be reechoed in the hearts of the thousands who knew and loved him. At the risk, Mr. President, of running counter to the opinions which some have expressed here to-day, I ven- ture to say that Senator Gallinger did not die as he had wished. In spite of his advanced jears, he had reason to think, because of his heredity, that his life still would ex- tend no inconsiderable span. And I know from his own lips that he had looked forward to a time when he could lay down the responsibilities of the Senatorship and take his place in retirement as an elder statesman, viewing [40] Address of Mr. Moses, of New Hampshire and commenting upon the public life of the Nation as the years of his experience would warrant. But, Mr. Presi- dent, this was not to be. His life was destined to have no evening. He went out while it was yet day and with his labors yet upon him. He went from his work direct to his reward. And after all, Mr. President, it was fitting that this should be so, and that the old warrior should not have laid off his armor. The memory of Senator Gallinger inactive would be a strange picture in the minds of those who knew him; and his death in the harness preserves to us his image as he was — earnest, energetic, industrious, and always helpful. Senator Gallinger's years were many, but his spirit was always young; and it renewed itself with fresh compan- ionship as his earlier associates fell by his side in his long busy march through life. Around him in New Hampshire in his later years had gathered an ardent group of younger friends who delighted in both his leadership and his com- panionship. To us he was always " The Chief," and we hailed him thus with respectful affection. He went from us when he was at the height of his years and influence here and at the moment when his busy mind was active in planning for the hope of his heart so soon to be fulfilled in the restoration of his party to power. And so we saw him in those last days still as "The Chief." And, Mr. President, it is as " The Chief " that we shall ever think and ever love to think of him. Mr. HoLLis. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased Senator, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to, and (at 1 o'clock p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Monday, January 20, 1919, at 12 o'clock meridian. [41] Memorial Addresses: Senator G.allinger Monday, January 20, 1919. A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K. Hempstead, its enrolling clerk, transmitted to the Senate resolutions of the House on the life, character, and public services of Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. [42 Proceedings in the House of Representatives Monday, August 19, 1918. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer: Father in Heaven, our life, our light, our strength, our courage, our fortitude, our hope, our inspiration, freely Thou hast given; may we freely receive of these precious gifts and use them to the furtherance of civilization, and thus to the honor and glory of Thy Holy Name. After a brief respite from labors the Congress of the United States has again assembled to take up the arduous duties which rest upon it. Let Thy blessing descend upon all the Members of this House, its Speaker, and all who are connected with it, that with patriotic zeal and re- newed fervor they may go forward with the tasks before them and prepare the way for a successful prosecution of the war in which we are engaged. The flags which float upon this Capitol arc again half- mast, marking the passing away of another of the con- gressional family. He will be mourned as a great loss to his country. Wise in his conceptions, strong in his convictions, pure in his motives, a man of great parts; peace to his ashes and rest to his soul. Be with his many friends, colleagues, and kinsfolks to comfort and sustain them in this hour of grief. May we emulate his virtues and hold sacred his mem- ory and think of him as faring on, in the realms of the great beyond, in the name of Him who died that we might live. Amen. [43] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger A message from the Senate, by Mr. Waldorf, its enroll- ing clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the fol- lowing resolutions: Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Jacob Harold Gallinger, for 27 years a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. Resolved, That a committee of 18 Senators be appointed by the President pro tempore to take order for superintending the funeral of Mr. Gallinger, to be held in the city of Concord, N. H. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate a copy of these resolutions to the House of Representatives. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. And that in compliance with the foregoing resolutions the President pro tempore had appointed as said com- mittee Mr. Lodge, Mr. Martin, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Penrose, Mr. Dillingham, Mr. Simmons, Mr. Overman, Mr. Smoot, Mr. Borah, Mr. Bankhead, Mr. Smith of Maryland, Mr. Cummins, Mr. Poindexter, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Weeks, Mr. HoUis, Mr. Curtis, and Mr. New. Mr. Cannon. Mr. Speaker, in the absence of the Repre- sentatives froin the State of New Hampshire, I offer the following resolutions. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the resolutions. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Jacob Harold Gallinger, a Senator of the United States from the State of New Hampshire. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased Senator. Resolved, That a committee of 14 Members be appointed on the part of the House to join the committee appointed on the part of the Senate to attend the funeral. Mr. Cannon. Mr. Speaker, no doubt the Members from New Hampshire will at a later date ask the House to set [44] Proceedings in the House aside a day for further testimonial in niemorj^ of the dis- tinguished Senator, who was formerly a Member of the House of Representatives, who has just died. The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the resolutions. The resolutions were agreed to. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will announce the names of the members of the committee on the part of the House. , The Clerk read as follows : Mr. Wason, Mr. Burroughs, Mr. Gillett, Mr. Greene of Massachu- setts, Mr. Treadway, Mr. Phelan, Mr. Olney, Mr. Greene of Ver- mont, Mr. Dale of Vermont, Mr. Gallagher, Mr. Pou, Mr. Garrett of Tennessee, Mr. Campbell of Kansas, Mr. Timberlake, and Mr. Igoe. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the additional resolution. The Clerk read as follows : Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the House do now adjourn. The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the resolution. The resolution was unanimously agreed to; accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 44 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, August 20, 1918, at 12 o'clock noon. Saturday, December 21, 1918. Mr. Burroughs. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Sunday, January 19, 1919, be set aside for addresses on the life, character, and public services of Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, late United States Senator from the State of New Hampshire. The Speaker. The gentleman from New Hampshire asks unanimous consent that Sunday, January 19, be set apart [45] Memorial Addresses: Senator CiALLixdER for ineinorializing Senator Gallinger at the same time the gentleman from lUinois [Mr. Sterhng] is memorial- ized. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Mr. KiTCHiN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. Sunday, January 19, 1919. The House met at 12 o'clock noon and was called to order by the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. Cannon]. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer : Father in Heaven, we thank Thee that the deeds of man are automatically recorded in the tissues of his soul, that the final result is the character which he builds for him- self. Some men work to live, others live to work. The for- mer are eye servants. The latter are heroes and work for the betterment of mankind, in the community, the State, the Nation, the world. Such men are admired, respected, and loved by all with whom they come in contact. We are here to-day in memory of two who have placed themselves on the roll of honor, to record on the pages of history their life, character, and public service; that they may live as beacon lights to guide us and future genera- tions, to emulate their virtues, so that when we pass from this life men will rise up and call us blessed. They are gone. Their works live. We mourn their going, but look forward with bright anticipations to the life eternal. Let this comfort us and their dear ones until Thou shalt call us to join them in the realms of the larger life where peace and happiness shall reign supreme; and everlasting praise be Thine, through the world's Great Exemplar. Amen. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will read the Journal. [46] Proceedings in the House Mr. Foss. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal be dispensed with on this occasion. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal be dispensed with. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. The Clerk will report the special order for to-day. The Clerk read as follows: On motion of Mr. Burroughs, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That Sunday, January 19, 1919, be set apart for ad- dresses upon the life, character, and public services of Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hanip- sliire. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the resolution setting aside a time for tributes to the meinor\' of Senator Gallinger. The Clerk read as follows: On motion of Mr. Burroughs, by unanimous consent. Ordered, That Sunday, January 19, 1919, be set apart for ad- dresses upon the life, character, and public services of Hon. .Iacob H. Gallinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. The Speaker pro tempore. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New Hampshire [Mr. Wason]. Mr. Wason. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolu- tion which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report it. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended, that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, late a Senator of the United States from the State of New Hampshire. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, and in recognition of his distinguislied public career, the House, at the conclusion of the exercises of this day, shall stand adjourned. [47] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the resolutions. The question was taken, and the resolutions were agreed to. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from New Hampshire [Mr. Wason] is recognized. Mr. Wason. Mr. Speaker, one of my colleagues is very anxious to get away, and I will yield the first place to the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Fordney] and follow him. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Michi- gan is recognized. [48] MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Fordney, of Michigan Mr. Speaker: There is a world of meaning in that fine old Greek world " eulogy " — the speaking of good words about a man. For years we see him going about his daily duties, performing them with honor to himself and bene- fit to those whom he serves. We say little or nothing about it, though the consciousness of his presence and his work may be in our minds eveiy day. Then there conies a time when his place is vacant, and we realize what he then was by what he now is not. It is fitting that, be- fore we ourselves are gone, we put in enduring words, so that as long as ink and paper last men may read, our estimate and appreciation of our distinguished fellow servant, who, when he died, was the oldest Member in service in the Senate. Jacob H. Gallinger was one of the adopted sons of this Republic, coming to us, like the late Senator McMillan of Micliigan, from our sister Commonwealth of Canada. It is a curious coincidence that these two great men, who have done more than almost any others to beautify this city of Washington, were both born in that friendly coun- try at our north. Each of them served for many j'ears as chairman of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, and each believed that, as Congress is the spe- cial guardian of the District, it should be cared for and developed as befits the Capital of the greatest Nation on earth. Canada has sent many of her sons to the United States. Though born under a so-called monarchy, their ideas of 115066°— 19 4 [49] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger self-governinent are the same as ours. The majestic for- ests and shining lakes of Canada are like those of our own Northern States, and the people of both nations breathe the same glorious air of liberty, and both have the same love and respect for law and order. Our boys and theirs have fought side by side in France for the preservation of civilization. Boston is as much the metropolis of eastern Canada as it is of New England. The pine of Michigan was largely cut by the sons of Ontario and New Brunswick and Quebec. Thousands of farmers of Iowa and the Dakotas have sought homes in the vallej-s of the Saskatch- ewan. And the names of James McMillan of Michigan and Jacob H. Gallinger of New Hampshire, conspicuous on the roll of the United States Senate, are proof, if proof were needed, that the frontier between Canada and our own countrj' is scarcely more a separation of common aims and purposes than are the boundaries between our own States. The greatest danger that confronts the world at this moment is not imperialism, but the horrid irresponsibility that sometimes sneaks under the name of the I. W. W., but now is sweeping through unhappy Russia and defeated Germany under the name of the Bolsheviki. The English- speaking race is and will always be the bulwark of the world against anarchy in every form; and in the contests of the future Canada and the United States will stand side by side solidly against all movements that threaten the safety of society, as so many of her sons stand shoulder to shoulder with us in all the varied interests and activities of modern life. Others will tell the House of the wonderful versatility and industry of Senator Gallinger in the affairs of his adopted State and of the Nation and in international affairs. He was eminent in his profession, that of medi- cine, before a public career claimed his time completelj'. [50] Address of Mr. Fordney, of Michigan To enumerate even the titles of the different public posi- tions he held would take too long. He was one of the leaders of his State, of his party, and of his time. Here in Washington he was known as a man who appreciated the needs of the city and recognized that it is the Capital of our beloved counti-y, wholly de- pendent upon and at the mercy of Congress, therefore to be protected and developed and beautified as befits the dignity of the great people of whose Government it is the official home. It is interesting to see what was the in- cident that caused Senator Gallinger to begin to show a friendly interest in District of Columbia affairs. During his first senatorial term, in 1891, he received a letter from the secretary of Harvard College voicing a complaint that"! the high schools of the District were not then able to prepare students to pass the admission examination to Harvard. Senator Gallinger offered a resolution of in- quiry concerning the matter, and that was the beginning of nearly 30 years of championship of the rights of the District. At that time Senator McMillan was chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia, but on his death Mr. Galunger was chosen by the Senate for that position. In 1911 a banquet was given by citizens of the District at which Senator Gallinger was the guest of honor, and he was there presented with a loving cup by the Cham- ber of Commerce; a gold watch and chain from the Board of Trade; a basket of American Beauty roses from the teachers of the public schools; a silver pitcher from the Plate Printers' Union; and a silver desk set from the American Civic Association. Among the visible monu- ments of liis chairmanship are the gi'cat Washington Ter- minal, the filtration plant which gives clear water to tliis city, the new sewer system, the District Building, the high- way Potomac River Bridge, the beautiful Connecticut [51] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger Avenue Bridge, the Anacostia Bridge, the Massachusetts Avenue Bridge, and great developments of the parks and schools, among the latter the Business High and McKinley Manual Training Schools; and there are even more im- portant tangible benefits that are the results of his tire- less interest. At that dinner President Taft was one of the speakers, and this brief tribute can not be concluded better than by a quotation from his remarks on that oc- casion. He said : Tliere is a class of legislators who favor legislation because of the good that it is going to do when it is enforced, and there is another class who are in favor of legislation wholly without re- gard to what it is going to accomplish as an enforced law, but who take an interest simply because of the votes that the advo- cacy of the law is going to give them. Now Senator Gallinger belongs to the former class. They have in New England what tliey call safe men. By that they mean men who, from their youth up, feel charged with the responsibility of looking out for the community in which they live; first the village, then the town, then it may be the county, then the State, and finally the Nation. TliQy seem to be able by what they do to impress the people with the idea that if they are given a public trust they will regard it as a trust for the people,, and can themselves be trusted as safe men for the people to put in power. Now that is the kind of man that Senator Gallinger is, and that is the reason for his hold on the State of New Hamp- shire. Senator Gallinger started in life as a poor boy, spend- ing some time as a typesetter in a printing ofiice. He finally obtained an education and then rose to the high position occupied so long by him — abundant proof of the worth of the man. Those who knew him best loved him best. He was courageous; he was honest; he was a true gentleman. When you have found a man you have found a gentle- man. A gentleman is a man who is gentle. Titles, grace- ful accomplishments, superior culture, princely wealth, [52] Address of Mr. Fordney, of Michigan great talents, genius, do not constitute a man with suffi- cient attributes to make a gentleman. He may be awk- ward, angular, homely, or poor, and yet belong to that class known as gentleman. His face may be bronzed, his hand may be huge and hard, his vest patched, like Joseph's coat of many colors, and he may still be a true gentleman. The dandy is a dry-goods sign, and not a gentleman, for he depends upon dress, and not upon his honor and virtue, to carry him into society. The man who has no money is poor; he who has nothing but money is poorer, and he is not a gentleman. A gentleman is careful to have thoughts and sentiments worthy of him, as virtue raises the dignity of a man, while vice degrades him. True greatness lies in the heart; it must be elevated by aspiring to great things. Others may attract us through the splendor of some special fac- ulty, or the eminence of some special virtue; but in a gentleman it is the whole individual we admire and love. A true gentleman is one whose nature has been fashioned after the highest models. His qualities depend, not upon fashion or manners, but upon moral worth — not upon personal possessions, but upon personal qualities. A true gentleman has a keen sense of honor. His standard of probity in word and action is high. He does not shuffle or prevaricate, dodge or skulk; but he is honest, upright, and straightforward. When he says, Yes, it is a law; and he dares to say the valiant. No, at the fitting season. A gentleman will not be bribed; only the low-minded and unprincipled will sell themselves to those who are interested in buying them. The poor boy may be a true gentleman — in spirit and in daily life. He may be honest, truthful, upright, polite, courageous, self-respecting, and self-helping — that is, be a true gentleman. Such was Senator Gallinger. [53] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger A man's mental powers must be cultivated. The full measure of all the powers necessary to make a man are no more character than a handful of seeds is an orchard of fruits. Plant the seeds and tend them well, and they will make an orchard. Cultivate the powers and har- monize them well, and thej' will make a noble character. " The germ is not the tree, the acorn is not the oak, neither is the mind a character. The mind is the garden, the character is the fruit; the mind is the wliite page, the character is the writing we put upon it; the mind is the shop, the counting room; the character is the profits on the trade. Large profits are made from quick sales and small percentages; so great character is made from many- litUe acts and efforts." A dollar is composed of a thou- sand mills; so is a character composed of a thousand thoughts and acts. Character is formed by a course of actions, and not actions by character. A person can have no character before he has had actions. Though an ac- tion be ever so glorious in itself, it ought not to pass for great if it be not the effect of wisdom and good design. Great actions carry their glory with them as the ruby wears its colors. Whatever be your condition, keep in view the whole of your existence. Senator Gallinger was a man of character — a Christian man. He was a brave man; he was powerful; he had the courage of his convictions and the courage to express them at all times. Frail man comes into the world crying, cries on through life, and is always seeking after some desired thing which he imagines is labeled happiness or is mourning over some loss which makes him miserable; a restless mortal with an immortal soul, which requires something more than earth can give to satisfy its loft>' desires; a soul that hails death as a welcome messenger to deliver it from its ever-changing, ever-decaying prison house of clay, called man, on which time wages a perpetual war, whiten- [54] Address of Mr. Fordney, of Michigan ing his locks, furrowing his cheeks, stealing his ivory, paralyzing his muscles, poisoning his blood, battering his whole citadel, deranging the whole machinery of his life, and wasting his mental powers, until he becomes twice a child, and then delivers him over to his last and best friend. Death, who breaks the carnal bondage, sets the spirit free, opening the door of immortal happiness, returning the soul to its own original and glorious home, to go no more out forever. We at death leave one place to go to another; if godly, we depart from our place here on earth and go to our place in heaven; we depart from our friends on earth and go to our friends in heaven; we depart from the valley of tears and go to the mount of joy; we depart from the business of life here and go to a heavenly paradise. Who would be unwilling to exchange a Sodom for a Zion? Who would be unwilling to exchange misery for a haven of rest? When these hands of ours shall be pulseless and cold and motionless as the grave wherein they lie; when the damp, dewy vapors shall replace this sensible, warm mo- tion, and death shall spread our couch and weave our shrouds; when the winding sheet shall be our sole vesture, and the close-sealed sepulcher our only home, and we shall have no familiar companions, no rejoicing friends, let us hope that our souls may recline in the bosom of God. Life, we've been long together, Through pleasant and cloudy weather; 'Tis hard to part when friends are dear; Perhaps 'twill cost a sigh, a tear; Then steal away; give little warning; Clioose tliine own time; Say not Good night, but in some brighter clime Bid us Good morning. [55] Address of Mr. Kahn, of California Mr. Speaker: In the present Congress the Grim Reaper has been wielding his scythe with relentless vigor. He has been impartial, too, in choosing his victims. Youth and old age alike have succumbed to his irresistible stroke. Among those who have fallen none was more highly esteemed by his associates than the lamented Senator from New Hampshire, Jacob H. Gallinger. He had served his country long and faithfully in the House as well as in the Senate. He was one of the old school of statesmen in public life. He was a thoroughgoing partisan. But he was always impartial and fair and just even in his parti- sanship. Above all else, he was a thoroughgoing Ameri- can who loved his country with patriotic devotion. He did not believe that he was stronger nor better than his partj'. To him party creed demanded that all differences as to policies should be thrashed out in the partv' council. Therein again he showed himself as belonging to the old school. He did not believe in that course, so often fol- lowed by some latter-day politicians, of fighting his partj' associates and denouncing the party organization because an overwhelming majority of his associates did not come to his way of thinking. He always was ready to compro- mise differences within the ranks and in the fold rather than engage in party quarrels. He realized that our Gov- ernment had grown strong and great by reason of the readiness of the leaders of the past to compromise their differences. He knew that this Government from the first has de- veloped as a great Nation because men of patriotism and loj^alty and devotion to the cause of the Republic have been willing to modify their personal views in order tliat [56] Address of Mh. Kahn, of California all could agree on the policies to be followed for the wel- fare of this American Commonwealth. He knew that it was thus in the Constitutional Convention that framed our histoi'ic fundamental law. He knew that it was thus with reference to the location of this veiy Capital, which he as chairman of the Senate Cominittee on the District of Columbia did so much to improve and beautify. He knew that it was thus down the long years of the forma- tive period of our counti-y's history. Senator Gallinger was loyal to these traditions of the past, and we honor him for his sturdy stand on the great quesiions that arose during the many years he was a Member of the Senate of the United States. At the time he entered that historic body there were many old customs that mai-ked the relationship between Members of the House and the Senate that seem to have fallen into innocuous desuetude. It was customary in the old days for the Senators to leave their cards upon the desks of the Members of the House from their respective States on the opening day of the new session. It was customary for the Members of the House to call person- ally upon the Pi-esident of the United States and the Sen- ators from their State as soon as possible after arriving in Washington in order to pay their respects. It was customary even among the wives of the Members of Congress for the new Members' wives to call upon the wives of all the Members who had served longer in Con- gress than their own husbands, and especially was this true with regard to the wives of the Members from one's own State. These little social amenities and courtesies added something of pleasure to the dull routine of con- gressional life here in Washington, but these customs are rapidly disappearing. In fact, they had disappeared almost entirely in the closing years of Senator Gallinger's life. Whether the Capital or the counti-y has gained by [57] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger breaking away from the old forms and traditions I do not know, but the fact remains that in the old days Republi- cans and Democrats were much more apt to see something of each other's social side than they do under present-day conditions. Senator Gallinger, toward the close of his life, suffered many hard blows at the hands of fate. Many of his dear ones were removed from him by death. I lived at the same hotel as he when some of these blows fell. I know how deeply his life was affected by the losses he sustained. Bui he toiled, on unceasingly for the welfare of his country. He participated actively on all the important legisla- tion that has been written on the statute books of our country in the last quarter of a century. But he was espe- cially interested in the rehabilitation of our merchant ma- rine. Coming from New Hampshire, he doubtlessly re- membered how the enormous fleet of New England clip- per ships carried the American flag into almost every im- portant port on the seven seas. He remembered how they had built up the commerce of the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. Doubtlessly he hoped that such a condition might be reestablished under wise and helpful legislation enacted by Congress. But, alas, his hopes in that direction were doomed to disap- pointment. Whether those who are left behind will be able to follow his farsighted vision remains to be seen. To-day we are met to pay a last tribute of respect to his memory. His genial presence is missed by all of his asso- ciates in either branch of Congress. Such men as he who served their country well and faithfully are always missed when they pass to that bourn whence no traveler ever returns. In this hour we say from the depths of our hearts — good friend, faithful public servant, thorough- going American, hail and farewell. [58] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire Mr. Speaker: It is with soitow that it becomes my duty at this time to speak of the life and character of the late Senator Gallinger, an honored resident of my congres- sional district for more than a half century. Jacob Harold Gallinger was born on a farm near Cornwall, Canada, March 28, 1837. He was one of 12 children. His parents were without financial means. During his early boyhood he walked to the log schoolhouse, a mile and a half from home, where he was taught to read, write, and do sums in arithmetic. At the age of 11 years he was indentured to the village editor, and three years later finished his ap- prenticeship with him. His wages the first year were $8, board, and lodging; the second year he received $24, board, and lodging, and the third and last year of his ap- prenticeship he received $60, board, and lodging. He was then qualified as a journeyman printer. He then went to Ogdensburg, N. Y., where he worked as a journeyman printer. While employed setting type in the office of the St. Lawrence Republican in Ogdensburg he received a letter from a cousin, a professor in a medical college in Cincinnati, Oliio, advising him to become a doctor. The suggestion was accepted. He started for Cincinnati and arrived there with $100 in his pocket, which was all of his worldly possessions, $60 of which was paid at once for a course of medical lectures. He and two other students rented two rooms, where they cooked their meals and slept. He immediately found employment on the Cincin- nati Gazette, first setting type, then reading proof, and later reporting shipping news along the river and court news over in Covington, Ky. [59] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Thus the young man worked diligenth^ to earn a liveli- hood and pay his way at the medical school. Each day's work engaged his attention from 8 o'clock in the mora- ing until 12 or 1 o'clock the next morning, attending medical lectures and performing his work upon the news- paper. He graduated with honors from the medical school in 1858. After that he was abroad two years and pursued further the study of medicine and surgery. Returning to the United States, he located in Concord, N. H., and began the practice of his profession, which he pursued in that city and the surrounding country for 23 years. His robust physique, which had served him so well during his stay in Cincinnati, continued to permit him during the years of the active practice of his profession to travel day and night making his calls to relieve the suflerings and ills of his patients; his patrons and clientele took him miles into the country at all times of the day and night. I have heard him say that often he had been called oilt from his house a half dozen times between supper and breakfast, many times for trips into the counti-j-. He was soon recogniz'ed as a leader in his profession. His skill, his cheei-ful word and manner, and his magnetic presence contributed to his personal advantage and made friends for him which lasted for life. Dr. Gallinger's professional practice was not confined to the territorial limits of the city of Concord or the county of Merrimack, in which he lived, but extended to people living in towns and parishes in bordering States. His reputation and standing as a physician and surgeon will be preserved in the hearts of the generation that knew him as stead- fastly as the granite rock in the mountain side of our State. While pursuing diligently the practice of his profession, which he loved and honored, some of his friends nomi- [60] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire nated him as a candidate for the office of moderator in the fourth ward of the city of Concord; the remuneration for that service was $5. He served one term and declined a reelection to that distinguished honor. It marked, how- ever, the beginning of a political career. Soon after his precinct elected him as their representative in the house of representatives of the State legislature, and he served his precinct well and faithfully in that branch in 1872 and 1873 and later in 1891. The same precinct elected him as its member to the State constitutional convention in 1876. Dr. Gallinger's ability and fidelity to service in tliis branch of the legislature was particularly noticeable. The senatorial district in which he lived elected him a member of the State senate in 1878, 1879, and 1880, and that body selected him as its presiding officer twice, for the years 1879 and 1880. During the years 1879 and 1880 Dr. Gallinger held the office, by appointment of the governor of New Hamp- shire, of surgeon general of the State National Guard, with the rank of brigadier general. Early in life Senator Gallinger became affiliated with the Republican Party; its principles appealed to him. The Republican State committee urged him to accept the important and onerous position as chairman. He yielded to the request, and from 1882 to 1890 performed the duties of that office with satisfaction to all. When he re- signed many regrets were expressed and his resignation was reluctantly accepted. Again, in 1898, the Republican State committee appealed to him to accept the chairman- ship, and after eight years' absence from that place he ac- cepted and continued in that position until 1908, when he resigned. In discharging the duties of this office Senator Gallinger impressed those who came in contact with him with his industry and ability to master details as well as broad questions of policj', and his term of service in that [61] Memorial Addresses: Senator G.allinger capacity was successful and longer than any other man in the historj' of our party in the State. Our people elected him a delegate to represent them in the Republican national conventions of 1888, 1900, 1904, and 1908, and he was chosen by the delegation as its chairman for each of those conventions. Thus it will be noted that the people of New Hampshire had unbounded confidence in his integrity, his ability, and his adapta- bility to represent them in various capacities. Such, briefly, are the historical facts that speak volumes in behalf of the esteem in which Senator Gal- LixGER was held by the Republicans of the Granite State. His life was active in doing good for others and closely interwoven with the historj' of our State for more than half a century. But this is not all; the people of New Hampshire recognized that Senator Gallinger's activities and ability should not be confined to the local activities of the State. In 1884 he was elected a Representative in Congress from the second congressional district, and re- elected in 1886, and declining a renomination and re- election in 1888. Thus, it will be seen from the 4th of March, 1885, until the 4th of March, 1889, he was called upon to serve his people in a larger and broader sphere in the Halls of Congress. During his two terms his serv- ices attracted nation-wide attention. After declining a reelection, in 1888, to Congi-ess, he intended to.i'eturn to the city of Concord and pursue the practice of his pro- fession, but it was impossible; men from all parts of the State sought his advice on public questions. In 1891 he was elected to the United States Senate, his term of service beginning March 4; he was reelected in 1897, 1903, 1909, and in 1914, the latter election being by popular vote. He served continuously as Senator from March 4, 1891, until the 17th day of August, 1918, the date of his death; his services as our representative in the House and [62] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire Senate covering a period of 31 years 5 months and 13 days, more than a quarter of a century in the highest legislative body of our land, being the dean of the Senate in point of continuous service. A notable characteristic of Senator Galunger was his clear vision into the future — I might say, anticipated the advent of questions that were to become momentous pub- lic issues. To illustrate: He early espoused the cause of prohibition; calmly, consistently, and courageously ad- vocating the same on all proper occasions; through his long public career he never wavered, and had his life been prolonged six months he would have seen our coun- try adopt his views thereon. Many years ago he became an advocate of equal suf- frage for women, at a time when he was almost a pioneer in that belief; yet he lived to see it one of the great prob- lems confronting the American people and the peoples of the Old World. When he first espoused the cause in favor of these far-reaching principles he displayed cour- age that was characteristic of the man. Many of his friends felt and advised him that it was unwise for him to continue to advise the public of his belief in the cause; many were emphatic, and told him that it would injure hiim politically, yet he continued not heeding their advice; in his subsequent candidacies he received the sincere and active support of many men who disagreed with him on one or both of these issues, due, as I believe, to the fact that they admired his candor, his sincerity, and his wisdom. Senator Gallinger early espoused the cause of the vet- erans of the Civil War — in his national activities in Con- gress assisted with force and power evei-y worthy case that was presented to him. In the Senate for many years he was chairman of the committee that considered gen- eral and special legislation relating to pensions. The can- [63] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger dor and sympathetic spirit with which he administered justice in these classes of legislation made him an hon- ored friend by our surviving heroes of that conflict. To recount the legislative career of Senator Gallinger would require a volume, and his wisdom as a public serv- ant well merits a fulsome biography. His extraordinary ability as a legislator is the more remarkable for the reason that he was educated for the medical profession. Most public servants and statesmen select one great meas- ure on which to focus their energies ; most of them have a pet measure with which to occupy their time when momentous issues do not hold the center of the stage. Not so with Senator Gallinger. He was ever alert to the needs of his State and country; his information and fore- sight upon large public questions seemed almost bound- less. The tariff, the establishment of an adequate mer- chant marine, the enlargement of our Navy, the extension of our system of education, measures relating to health, and the development and beautiflcation of our National Capital found in him an earnest and forceful advocate. Let me briefly recall his beneficial services and advice in behalf of the development and making the city of Washington, our Nation's Capital, one of the most beauti- ful among all the capitals of the world. When he entered the United States Senate he was appointed a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia, serving there- on for more than 20 years, the latter half of his services being chairman of the committee. This work was agree- able to him; he enjoj'ed the vast opportunities presented; he visioned the needs of the National Capital early in his service and began systematically to bring about many needed reforms and improvements. The cool streams and forest glades of Rock Creek Park owe their improvement and conservation to his efforts. The beautiful memorial to the late President Lincoln, known as the Lincoln Me- [64] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire morial; the Connecticut Avenue Highway Bridge; the highway bridge across the Potomac; Piney Branch Bridge on Sixteenth Street; and the Massachusetts Avenue Bridge will be silent and perpetual monuments of his foresight and efforts. He was active and earnest in the promotion and estab- lishment of a filtration plant to improve the drinking water furnished by the water system of the city, and at the time of his death a half million people there were enjoying the benefit of that needed improvement. The Zoological Park, with 170 acres, is additional evi- dence of his wisdom and energy. One of the finest testi- monials to his sense of civic beauty was the improvement and establishment of Potomac Park and the construction of the beautiful driveways thereon, and the development of the plan for improvements of that portion of the city lying between the Capitol Building and the westerly por- tion of the Potomac Drive, so called. During his entire service in the Senate he was particu- larly active and aided in the improvement of the educa- tional system and of the school buildings and surround- ings of the District. His efforts were so noticeable and so well directed that he was familiarly referred to by the people residing in the National Capital as the " Mayor of "Washington." His attention was early in his service di- rected to the hospital conditions of the District, and one of the last and much-needed improvements was the new municipal hospital that he urged, and largely by his in- fluence and patience was finally authorized. It is now being constructed on the extension of Massachusetts Ave- nue. As a fitting token of the appreciation and esteem of his untiring energy and efforts in causing the same to be established and constructed, it has been named and is now known as the Gallinger Hospital. When completed and ready for occupancy the million-dollar structure will 115066°— 19 5 [65] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger stand for centuries a silent and eloquent tribute to the memory and distinguished services of the man whose name it bears. Senator Gallinger was particularly honored on his seventy- fourth birthday, March 28, 1911. His friends in "Washington arranged a banquet in his honor at the New Willard Hotel and 500 persons attended. Among those in attendance were the President of the United States, Cabi- net officers, ambassadors, members of the Supreme Court, Senators, Congressmen, and prominent citizens of the Dis- trict of Columbia and from other parts of the country. It was a notable gathering, a tribute seldom paid to a liv- ing man. The decorations were exquisite. Enthusiasm for Senator Gallinger, the guest of the evening, was un- bounded, as shown by the incidents during the dinner. Permit me to refer to one — the waiters marched into the banquet hall with letters on their trays that spelled " Gallinger." As the party saw the name they arose from their scats, cheering and waving their napkins in the air; the orchestra struck up " What is the matter with father," and the diners caught the sentiment instantly and sang — substituting the word " Gallinger " for "father," ending with the enthusiastic " He's all right." The speakers dwelt at length upon the wisdom, judgment, patience, and successful efforts of Senator Gallinger in his efforts to improve and beautify the National Capital. President Taf t said : You could not use the function of a dinner for a better or higher purpose than to testify your gratitude and tliat of all good citizens of the United States to a servant and a Senator who does things because they are to do good to the people. The chairman of the District Commissioners, Mr. Rudolph, speaking of the Senator, said: He has with untiring devotion studied our needs and problems, and with wisdom and courage never failed to advocate and presS such measures as would aid in making this the greatest city of the world. [66] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire A former J[)istrict Commissioner, Mr. Macfarland, said: I can testify that the unexampled appropriations and legisla- tion obtained for the District of Columbia were due more to you [Mr. Gallinger] than to any other one man in Congress. The Yankee poet wished that he might live in a house by the side of the road and be a friend to man. Officially as well as personally you have lived that way. Gen. Harries said: Of the good works done by Senator Gallinger and the evils he has checked there is not, nor can be, any catalogue. Capt. James F. Oyster said : The people of Washington are thankful to the people of his State for sending him here. The life of Senator Gallinger, replete with heneficial duties for mankind and for his adopted State and coun- try, adds another name to the long list of statesmen, resi- dents of New Hampshire, during the preceding century and a half. Senator Gallinger was a self-made man in every re- spect; his push and perseverance exhibited in early life enabled him to get his education; that education laid the foundation for his future life of activity and usefulness. The habits thus formed in his boyhood days were retained throughout his busy life until his death. Day by day, month by month, in the execution of life's responsibili- ties he progressed and advanced; he was not satisfied until he had reached the highest pinnacle of under- standing of each and every effort before him. He was endowed with a robust constitution and a wonderful power of endurance, which served him well during his fourscore years of life. He was a courteous man, an affable man, a sincere man, a man with strong convic- tions, tender-hearted, and his sympathies were with the downtrodden and the oppressed. There was no decep- [67] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger tion or sham in his nature; he abhorred them. He easily made friends and retained them, and was ever enlarging his circle of friends and admirers. These attributes were a part of his nature from early manhood until life's end. He was a public speaker, possessing great convincing power and force; his reasoning was logical, sound, and clear; he possessed the ability to sway his hearers by sin- cere, logical, and forceful explanations of his subject. For many years when the Senator became wearj' and tired by close application to the arduous duties required of him in Congress, or when Congress was not in session, he intensely enjojed a visit to his country home, known as " The Poplars," a picturesque farm and buildings in the town of Saiisburj-, N. H., situated on an elevation just east of Kearsarge Mountain. There, among the rare flowers which he grew and was very fond of, and beneath the beautiful shade trees overlooking the green fields and pasture and timberland of his estate, he communed with nature and, lulled to rest and sleep by the music of the song birds and the chattering of the squirrels, his weary and overburdened constitution would revive, his energy return, and with renewed vigor he would resume the responsibilities of public life. It was here that he spent many pleasant days and enjoyed needed relaxation from busy life. It was here that he was resting and enjoying life when he became ill and answered the summons of the Great Master. The news of his death was received by the public with sadness and gi'ief by his colleagues and the people in the National Capital and by the people of his adopted State. The activities of the citj' of Concord, the capital of our State, were recessed and public and pi'ivate buildings were draped in mourning as the last rites were performed. The church was inadequate to accommodate the throng of people who came from afar and near and by their presence expressed their love, admiration, and [68] Address of Mr. Wason, of New Hampshire profound respect for the man of remarkable age whose noble deeds for humanity, covering a period of more than a half century, will be tenderly remembered and often recalled and referred to by future generations. Cold in ttie dust the perished heart may lie, But that which warmed it once can never die. [69] Address of Mr. Madden, of Illinois Mr. Speaker: It was my privilege, and I deem it a high privilege, to know Senator Gallinger for 30 years and I was always proud during all that period to be able to call him my friend. I was proud of Senator Gallinger not only as a man but as a public functionary. Senator Gallinger had a singleness of purpose in his public work. He was interested only in the welfare of the Nation. He had no private ax to grind, if I may so speak. He was constantly in search of methods to improve the condition of our people. He had fine courage, ability, and genius to serve the Government's needs. He was a true states- mam. He recognized the fact that a public official was the servant of the people. He saw that public office was simply an opportunity to serve. He realized that the more nearly one came to serving the people and advanc- ing and promoting their welfare the more nearly he would come to ameliorating conditions that needed im- provement. Senator Gallinger had a disposition as gentle as a girl. He was sweet, courteous, refined, attractive, magnetic, always approachable, and j'et he had strength of charac- ter that marked him in a conspicuous way among his as- sociates in public life. He was afraid of nothing. He had the courage to speak; he had opinions, and he was not afraid to express them. He shaped the legislation of the Nation calculated to be of advantage to the genera- tions of the future as much as did any other one man who occupied a high public place either in the House or in the Senate. He was constantly alert to the need of Amer- ica's expanding commerce, and in season and out of sea- son he worked tirelessly to accomplish that object. He [70] Address of Mr. Madden, of Illinois believed that America should stand on a basis of equality in its merchant shipping with any other nation in the world, and he never lost an opportunity to advocate legislation to that end. He saw the need, as few men did, of protecting the American market for the American people. He believed in the protection of American industry. He believed that the productions of labor from European markets should not be permitted to enter American ports for free distribution among the American people. He believed that the best way to preserve prosperity in America was to protect America against the invasion of European-made products with- out the payment of a license fee at the port of en- trance. He saw the need of preserving American honor in the conflict which is now happily closed. He stood as one of America's foremost advocates for America's entry into the war. He believed that every assistance possible and necessai-y should be given to the Commander in Chief to enable him to accomplish victory. He believed that the only way you could raise a successful army was by conscription, and his voice and vote are recorded in the records of the Congress of the United States in favor of the advanceinent of every American measure. To his genius and his courage and his foresight and his untiring devotion and his unselfish work is due more than any other man in history the development of this beauti- ful city as the Capital of the Nation. I can recall sitting on conferences with him when his heart went out to the suffering poor who had no place to go, no money to pay their doctor's bill, and how he insisted on provision being made for their care in the hospitals of this city. I can see him now pleading for greater opportunities for education for the children of this city and of the country, for the building of our public institutions of learning, for proper compensation for the teachers of this great community. [71] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger I can see him pleading for them on the theory that they' were making greater sacrifices than any other class of our citizens. I can see him pleading for their future welfare bj' increasing their compensation to a point whei'e they could have a decent livelihood. I can see him looking into the future of the Nation by providing legislation that would mean better conditions for everj'one hereafter. I saw him pass away from the activities of this life, and 1 believe I can see him now or hear his voice in a better land beyond. I believe that we can communicate with men like Jacob Gallinger, dead to life though they may be; for men like Jacob Gallinger never die. Their life work still lives; still goes on. Their life work must be an inspiration to those of us who yet remain and those who are yet to come. And if we can but have at the head of the Nation in the generations that are to come men of the patriotic promptings that Jacob Gallinger possessed, the future of America is safe. We need men of this type at the head of our Government affairs. "We need men of unselfish devotion; men who have no personal ambitions except to serve their country. I believe that if tlie men who are here to-day and who are to follow in the control of the Government of the United States shall but walk in the footsteps of Jacob H. Gallinger while he acted as a Member of this House and a Member of the Senate, the days for America in the generations, yea, in the centuries, yet to come, are safe, and that America will stand before the nations of the world forever to exemplify' the life and the strength of this, the greatest of all republics now or yet to come. [72] Address of Mr. Gallagher, of Illinois Mr. Speaker: The late Senator from the State of New Hampshire, Jacob H. Gallinger, was a great and good man, and entitled to the confidence and respect of his fellow men, which he held throughout the whole period of his public life. Born on a farm just outside of the northern limits of Cornwall, Canada, he determined when but a boy to select for himself a career of usefulness. Being one of a family of 12 children, he, of necessity, had to start out quite early to make his way in the world. He became an apprentice to the printing trade, and it was while working as a printer that he determined to fit himself for a profession. He studied medicine at the Medical Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, and was graduated at the head of his class with the highest honors in 1858. After a time spent in travel and study, in 1861 he settled in Concord to follow the profes- sion of medicine and surgery. I knew Dr. Gallinger perhaps longer than any other man in Congress. It was- as a practitioner that I first knew him. As a boy in Con- cord, the city of my birth, I remember him as a successful physician. His practice was not merely local; his services were in demand for advice and consultation by the profes- sion throughout the State. He became widely known and made lasting friends wherever he went, long before he held public office. His industry did not stop with the performance of his arduous duties as a physician. He ob- tained recognition as a writer of unusual ability and was a contributor to medical literature. His articles published in the newspapers relating to public questions attracted wide and deserved popular attention. [73] Memorial Addresses : Senator G.vllinger In politics he was a Republican and a strong party man from the start. Because of his great interest in public affairs, he was chosen in 1872 a member of the State legis- lature, where he served with distinction. In 1876 he was elected a member of the State constitutional convention and advocated a number of important amendments which were ratified by the people. He rendered valuable service in the State senate, was chosen its presiding officer, and for many years was chairman of the Repub- lican State committee. Because of his great ability' and untiring efforts in behalf of the people, he was elected to represent his district in the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Con- gresses, and on March 4, 1891, was elevated to a seat in the Senate of the United States. He did not receive this great honor without passing through the severest political contests and the strongest personal opposition which can come to men holding high office or remaining long in public life. He encountered and overcame obstacles and conquered his opponents through his dominant courage. There was no citizen of the State, no matter how humble, who did not feel free to call upon the Senator for assistance. His services were always freely and willingly given, and because of the affection in which he was held by his home folks they returned him to Congress repeatedly, where he won the esteem and admiration of his colleagues by his eminent service in both branches of the National Legislature. Through perseverance, self-reliance, and great natural ability, he advanced in influence and power until he achieved the distinction of being chosen the leader of his party in the upper House of Congress. It can be stated truthfully that during his long public career he was a genuine and untiring public servant. From 1891 to the time of his death he remained con- tinuously in the Senate, having served for a longer period [74] yVDDRESs OF Mr. (Iallagher, of Illinois of time than any other Senator from New Hampshire. Because of his great knowledge of governmental affairs, his counsel was always sought on public questions which •were subjects for legislation. His advice was desired equally on problems and policies in which his party was concerned both in Congress and at State and National conventions. As a man of sound logic, his judgment was ever desired and always valued. He was a conspicuous figure in Republican politics for nearly half of a century. As the minority leader of the Senate he showed su- perior qualities as a parliamentarian. Ready and power- ful in debate, he took an active part in the solution of the great problems of government during all the period of his service in both Houses of Congress. He bore no ill will toward those who opposed him and enjoyed the respect equally of political friend and foe. Always kindly and sympathetic and with a high sense of personal honor, a promise given to a colleague was. with him a compact to be carried out with strict fidelity. In the late war he gave unswerving support to the President in every measure having for its purpose the successful termination of the conflict. I was one of a committee appointed by the Speaker to attend the funeral of Senator Gallinger at Concord. The exceptional honor paid to his memory on that occasion by the officials of his State is worthy of note. As an ex- traordinary evidence of the respect and veneration in which he was held, his remains were taken to the Capitol Building, there to lie in state, that the people of the city and of the Commonwealth he so long and honorably rep- resented might pay their final tribute to him. Only once before was a similar mark of respect shown to a citizen of New Hampshire, and that was on the occasion of the death of a former President of the United States, Franklin Pierce. From all over the Old Granite State and from [75] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger many sections of the country' sorrowing friends attended the last exercises over the body of the departed statesman. Senator Gallinger's life is unique in many particulars. Despite his great age, he reached the zenith of his power and popularity when he was called to his last reward. In all the history of our public men few served in Congress for so long a period as Senator Gallinger, and it is doubt- ful if any departed leaving a greater good will than did the Senator from New Hampshire. The annoyances and difficulties incident to a public career did not corrode his nature or alter his kindly disposition. He remained to the end of his industrious and distinguished career the same courteous gentleman I first knew as a young phy- sician in Concord. Dr. Gallinger went out of this life with a consciousness of duty well and faithfully per- formed and with the lasting friendship of his colleagues and associates; he closed his long and splendid career possessing the confidence, respect, and admiration of the entire Nation. [76] Address of Mr. Sherwood, of Ohio Mr. Speaker: As a plain citizen of the Republic Sena- tor Gallinger was well worth knowing. Aside from his wide knowledge of public men and affairs of govern- ment lie had an alluring personality. He was gifted with delightful social qualities and a rare sense of humor, without which, to quote the specious words of Richard La Gallienne, " the heart of humanity had long since broken." I knew Senator Gallinger well. Was associated with him for four months in 1912 in the prolonged contest of the conferees of the Senate and House on my dollar-a-day pen.sion bill. Again, at two famous banquets in this Capitol in honor of the eightieth and eighty-second birth- days of the Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, of Illinois. Of the 12 present at the last banquet. May 7, 1918, Senator Gallin- ger was one of the octogenarians. Like a majority of our public men of enduring fame. Senator Gallinger was the sole architect of his remarkable public career. It is his- tory that a majority of our most successful and longest enduring public men were born poor and started life without the advantages of a liberal or college education. Gen. Andrew Jackson, born of a North Carolina farm laborer, with no opportunities for an education, was the commander of a volunteer army, winner of the only land battle in the War of 1812. Twice President of the United States, in 1828 and 1832, always on the firing line in war, and leaving an honorable and enduring record in peace. Henry Clay, bom poor, self-educated, self-made, was the foremost orator and statesman of a whole generation of public men. Abraham Lincoln, born in a Kentucky log cabin, who never saw the inside of a university, and who learned to read books at night by the light of a pine-knot [77] -Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger fire, became the guiding hand in the grandest epoch- making era of all civilization. His oration on the battle- field of Gettysburg is the most inspiring and glorious classic of all languages. I know of Senator Gallinger's boyhood days, and of his early manhood struggles to win recognition and honor in the battle of life. His record in the New Hampshire Legislature, in the National House of Representatives, and in the Senate, covering 47 years of continuous service, has never been equaled by any public man that New England ever honored with a public trust. And his career differs from that of any public man of continental fame of New England birth in that he died in office in the full favor and affection of the people of his State, and not a disappointed man like Daniel Webster, another great son of New Hampshire; or James G. Blaine, of Maine; or Henry Clay, of Kentucky. Even Charles Sumner, rank- ing among the first of New England's great sons, was officially criticized in a resolution by the legislature of Massachusetts and died a disappointed man. While New Hampshire is one of the smallest States in the Union in area and population, ranking as the four- teenth in population, it not only furnished in Daniel Webster the foremost orator and statesman of the ante- bellum period, but during the Civil War a private sol- dier — Walter Kettridge — composed by the light of a bivouac fire the finest and most pathetic lyric song of the entire war — " Tenting To-night on the Old Camp Ground." And New Hampshire also was the birthplace and home of the greatest family of patriotic singers ever known in the United States. I refer to the famous Hutchinson family. It is among my earliest and most endui'ing mem- ories that I heard these singers of thrilling lyrics in 1845, when as a barefoot boy, in the open air one starlit night, to the accompaniment of the bells, I heard their soul- [78] Address of Mr. Sherwood, of Ohio inspiring songs. Sixteen years later the same family sang the patriotic songs of the Civil War around the gleaming bivouac fires of the Army of the Potomac. We should not let this occasion pass without gathering some lesson of value to the living, especially to the young men of to-day, who, like qur departed friend in his boy- hood, are struggling against what seems adverse fate. The brightest gleam of hope for the poor young men of to-day is in the knowledge that the greatest men who have ever served or shone in the high places of power in this Republic have been, like Senator Gallinger, of hum- ble birth and limited opportunities in boyhood. I am not here to decry a college education. I believe there is some merit in one couplet of an old English poet: 'Tis education forms the common mind, Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined. But we have many notable instances in our histoiy of too much cultivation of the common mind, where this excessive cultivation, like the long cultivation of ti^ old tobacco lands of Virginia, has exhausted all the original substance of the soil: It sometimes happens that too much acquired book knowledge drives out all intuitive perception or original thought. Hence, we have many notable instances where the robust mind of a robust man, who is compelled to graduate in the school of hard knocks and common sense, proves the most successful citizen or public official. And let us here in this historic Chamber reconsecrate ourselves to that patriotism that was always so fervently typified in our dead friend, a statesman whose association and friendship added to our joys of living and whose character and example gave us hope for higher ideals in government. Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines, Shrines lo no code or creed confined — The Delphian vales, the Palestines, The Meccas of the mind. [79] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: Senator Gallinger became a Member of the United States Senate seven years before I became a Member of this House. I never met him until I met him in this Capitol. I had read of him so much in the New England newspapers that I felt acquainted with him even before I met him here. He had a very remarkable career, as I knew it by an intimate knowledge of what occurred in his life as recorded faithfully in the papers, which then kept full account of New England movements and New England public men. Coming to this House in 1898, 1 wqs assigned by Speaker Reed. to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fish- eries, and I have served on that committee continuously since 1 have been a Member of the House. A few years ago when committee appointments were desired on the Republican side of the House I had one' or two other committee assignments which I voluntarily surrendered to accommodate some of my colleagues who desired to be recognized, and since that time I have de- voted my whole attention to the work of that committee of which I was chairman three and one-half years, and thus I was brought in close contact with Senator Gallin- ger, as he was a member of the Committee on Commerce in the Senate of the United States. He was concerned in everything that related to advantage for the American merchant marine. He was a firm believer in retaining for the American-owned vessels and American-commanded vessels the right and privilege of our coastwise trade. That, I think, was one of his strongest contentions. And I learned from him many years ago of the advantages [80] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts that would come from such a course. Since I have been here there has been considerable contention in the com- mittee of which I have been a member toward relaxing that restriction and allowing the coastwise trade to be entered into by foreign-built vessels. We talk sometimes of maintaining great armies and great navies in order that our honor may be preserved. 1 have always believed in keeping the Nation strong. There is no stronger element for the preservation of the American Nation than the preservation of the coastwise trade for American-built and American-commanded ves- sels, for the reason that if any enemy approached our coast, either on the Atlantic or the Pacific, if the vessels of the coastwise trade were manned by American seamen and the vessels were commanded by American officers, then we would have a coast guard in addition to our Navy whicli would detect at any time the approach of an enemy coming to attack our coast. For tliat reason he and I agreed we would be entirely unwise to admit foreign- owned, foreign-built, or foreign-manned vessels to the coastwise trade. He was very much interested in the establishment of foreign trade. He believed in building up a great mer- chant marine. I was a firm believer in that policy myself before 1 became a Member of this House, and 1 have been a very much stronger advocate since I have been here than 1 ever was before. I believe that we should long ago have made every effort to upbuild our American merchant marine, and if we had performed that duty we should have been very much better prepared for war than we were because of so many years' delay in not at- tending to that great essential of supremacy upon the seas. Arguments were brought to bear in a great many in- stances in regard to the lack of necessity for providing 115066°— 10 G [81] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger an American merchant marine. One of them was that other nations could carry our products cheaper than we could carrj' them ourselves. And consequently, if we wanted to keep transportation we must not encourage an American merchant marine which would be more costly, but to maintain the facilities which we then enjoyed would be very much cheaper. Senator Gallinger and others persistently fought against what we believed was a false idea. And since we have been in war one great fact has been revealed, and that is that some men who were away from the sea- coast and who contended that the price of their products would be favorablj' affected by the reduction in freight rates have been convinced since the recent war that prices of the products of the farm were made on this side of the water and the freight was added to the cost, whatever it might be, and the purchasers paid the freight. Senator Gallinger's career was certainly very remark- able. He was not a native of the United States, but he was every inch a typical American. The dividing line between British North America and the United States would be hard to define. I have many constituents who were born in the same countiy where Senator Gallinger was born and who came and settled amongst us in this country, and they are amongst the strongest adherents of our national cause to-day, equal in their belief in and their devotion to the American Nation with those who are natives to the soil. I have been looking somewhat over Senator Gallinger's career in public life, in the State of New Hampshire, in the Senate, in the constitutional convention, and also his career in this House, where he served for two terms with honor to himself and credit to his State, and also in the Senate of the United States, where he served from 1891 up to the day of his departure to another life. His public [82] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts career was purely unselfisli. He held a high position among the public men of his generation. He was no timeserver. He was not a man who failed to take a stand on any public question. He was radically a Republican, but he was broad enough to see very much beyond simply the party line. A gentleman said to me, " You are not going to call Senator Gallinger a progres- sive?" I said, " No, not in a political sense." I would not call him a " Progressive," because he never had a tincture of progressivism in political theory, but he was progres- sive in every act of his career. He was an advanced thinker and an advanced doer of great things. He never was backward in anything that he undertook. He put himself forward and served his country at every oppor- tunity. Allusion has been made by some of the Members who have preceded me to his great work in the United States Senate in behalf of the District of Columbia. I think he was one of the foremost friends of this much-neglected part of our country when it comes to questions of legisla- tion. He was persistent and foremost during all of his career in endeavoring to secure justice to the people of this most important part of our country, who have no representa- tive in either branch of the Congress. He was interested in evei-ything that meant for the public advancement here, both in regard to public health and in regard to public education. He was a trustee of the George Washington University of this city, a very useful institution. I happen to have a son who was a graduate from the law depart- ment of that university, and I frequently talked with Sen- ator Gallinger in regard to the interests of the university after my son became connected with it and I found him very broad in all his views in regard to education. [83] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gaixinger My education was limited in early life, and I have always regretted that I did not then value the advantage which a good education affords; but I want to say, for the encouragement of the youth of to-day, that if any young man does not obtain the education that he thinks he ought to have he ought to take the example of a man like the late Senator Gallinger, who took advantage of every opportunity that was presented to him; although his edu- cational facilities were not as great as those of some of the young inen of to-day, he patiently and persistently pursued the task set before him. He had great natural abilities, and he acquired a vade knowledge of every subject that he undertook to enter upon, and it should be a matter of encouragement to the rising generation to appreciate the opportunities that our country affords. No other country on the face of the earth affords any such opportunities. Whatever may be concluded in the settlement of the great controversy between other nations through which we have recently passed, whatever may be the final settle- ment of the great questions that will arise from that con- flict, the United States will certainly be one of the foremost of all nations in bringing about a proper settlement of the great problems that will be considered at the peace con- ference now in session. Senator Gallinger wrote me a letter in 1915, inclosing to me a bill prepared by himself, and I laid it aside where I could put my hand on it at any time, not then thinking that I would have occasion to refer to it on such an occasion as this. But it has come to my mind that perhaps I ought to refer to it. It is a measure that he introduced in the Senate of the United States on December 7, 1915, entitled " A bill to encourage American shipbuilding and navigation, to establish American ocean mail lines, to increase the naval reserve, and to promote the commerce of the United States." [84] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts I have looked that bill over with a great deal of in- terest. It provided means which if enacted into law might have built up the American merchant marine. It was a method which I long believed in and which I had tried several times during my membership in this House to have the House favorably consider. Once my party associates succeeded in getting it through this House by a very small margin, but the bill failed in the Senate by reason of the adjournment of a session of the Congress before action could be had. At a subsequent time the Senate passed a bill of that nature, and it came over to this House, but failed of enactment here by one vote. Senator Gallinger at that time introduced the bill in the Senate, and I very gladly voted for it and worked for it here. I believe in that method of upbuilding a mer- chant marine rather than by a wasteful expenditure of money. We have now what is called an American merchant marine established. It has been rather a costly experi- ment. Enough money was placed by the Congress to the credit of the Shipping Board— nearly $4,000,000,000— to construct 10 Panama Canals, and notwithstanding that vast sum was granted there was only a limited number of vessels that were available to help us win the war. We won the war in spite of our lack of an American mer- chant marine. And though we may have failed in some respects, we have undoubtedly prepared the way for future Con- gresses to provide an American merchant marine. Re- cently I noticed that the president of the Shipping Board was busy across the water preparing for the establish- ment of our foreign trade; but before they can get Ameri- can shipping in shape to compete with the shipping in- terests abroad we shall have to wipe out at least -1*1,000,- 000,000, and I fear we shall be compelled to wipe out a [85] Memori.\l Addresses: Senator Gallinger second billion of dollars before we can successfully meet the competition with the nations which have been for so long a period of years taking care of their merchant marine while we, as a Nation, have slumbered. Senator Gallinger was a member of the Merchant Ma- rine Commission which visited important shipping ports in our own country and subsequently visited foreign coun- tries investigating the necessity of the United States hav- ing a merchant marine and to ascertain what liindrances existed there to reestablishing our foreign trade. Sena- tor Gallinger submitted an elaborate report. Gen. Gros- venor, of Ohio, late a Member of this House, was a mem- ber of that commission, as was also Senator Lodge, who became the successor of Senator Gallinger as the leader in the Senate. They made a very full investigation. Their reports are a matter of record in the Library of Congress and they showed a great deal of interest in this all-pervading subject which I believe will be interesting and helpful for the Congress in the months that are to confront us in the near future. I regret very much we can not have the advantage of Senator Gallinger's presence to help us to solve this great shipping problem, but, as I have stated, his work during his life will be helpful in the solution thereof. Allusion was made by the gentleman who preceded me to a luncheon that those of our membership who have passed threescore years and ten in this House have been invited to participate for the third time. Senator Gallin- ger was present last year at the last anniversary of the birth of Hon. Joseph G. Cannon on May 7, 1918. Several Members who were present at the first and subsequent luncheons have passed away. Senator Gallinger was present there last year, and from his appearance then all who participated therein expected that we should have the pleasure of his presence for another gathering when [86] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts the next anniversary' of the birth of Mr. Cannon should occur. But Senator Gallinger has gone to that bourn from which no traveler ever returns. We appreciate the great work he did, we recognize the record he made here, and we admire his breadth of character, his engaging per- sonality, and we appreciate also his ability and faithful- ness in every work in which he engaged. I was appointed a memBer of the committee which attended the funeral of the late Senator. His body was carried to the Capitol Building in the city of Concord and there laid in state. At the church where the funeral exercises were held Sena- tor Lodge delivered an eloquent and fitting eulogy on the life, character, and public services of the late Senator, liis former associate and personal friend. [87] Address of Mr. Mondell, of Wyoming Mr. Speaker: It was mj- good fortune to know Jacob Harold G.-vllinger for nearly a quarter of a century. While our acquaintance and association was not particu- larly intimate it was of such a character — personal, social, and official — as to enable me to form an intelligent opin- ion of him and was the foundation of a sincere apprecia- tion of and respect and regard for this distinguished man who for so many years ably represented the Common- wealth of New Hampshire in the Congress of the United States. That Jacob Harold Gallinger was a great and good man was eloquently and conclusively demonstrated by the fact of the long period of his exalted public service and the number and varietj' of the distinguished honors and hea\-y responsibilities placed and conferred upon him during the many years of his active life. No man who did not possess the virtues and endowments of hon- esty, courage, industry, and ability in a marked and un- usual degree could for so long a period of time have retained the affection, confidence, and support of the sane, sensible, and discerning people of the Common- wealth of New Hampshire. We are reminded bj' Holy Writ that there is a differ- ence in the quality of glory celestial and terrestrial. Every light that shines to illuminate the moral, the spiritual pathways of men has its own individual and peculiar virtues. Each has its particular mission for good an' and the lowly. He was the Republican leader of the Senate, not for New England only, but for the entire country as well. His counsel was keeping his party free alike from the snare of government by centralized autocratic bureaucracy and the delusion of anarchy, inspired by the belief that liberty and rights of citizens can be protected without government By training and experience Senator Gallinger was especially fitted to render impartial and unprejudiced public service. The 81 years he lived spanned the inter- val between a Nation staggering under the menace of dis- union and a Nation mighty in the perfect unity and single- ness of purpose which he helped to maintain. During that interval he toiled to harmonize tlie dis- cordant elements among the people of his country. He was not one of those who made patriotism an excuse for brutal excesses or arbitrary tyranny. Patriotism with him meant greater love of home, greater love of humanity, and the ultimate brotherhood of man. It is therefore peculiarly fitting that on this Sabbath Day we rest from our legislative work to do him honor. [105] Memorial Addresses: Senator G.\llinger Senator Gallinger stood apart from those who believe that government can do no wrong, and while in other countries that element has decreased in recent years in our own countrj- their numbers have increased. They are dangerous in any countr3% and if predominant will destroy any form of government where the people rule. They may leave the shadow, but the substance of self- government — individual libertj' and the rights of citi- zens — will be gradually lost. The gi-eatest public ofFicials are true servants of the peo- ple, faithful to that ideal. They do not ride the wave of thoughtless popular approval, but steadfastly pursue that course which serv^es the permanent interests of all. Sena- tor G.allinger stood firmly for the inalienable sovereignty of the people and their inherent rights. He was conspicu- ous in abiding by the principle that government should exist for the sake of the people and not the people for the sake of the government, and that the holders of capi- tal also should be wage earners and wage earners holders of capital. Success crowned his public career, a success that is shared by everj' citizen of the United States, because it was founded on service for others. Believing that public office was merely a greater opportunity for larger service to the people. Senator Gallinger was a leader to be loved and trusted. It is through the influence of such men that representative government, that liberty, that freedom of speech and press are maintained. He believed that the producers of the world's wealth, not the spenders and manipulators of wealth, should direct the conduct of national affairs. He lived and worked to consers'e and improve the political, economic, and social structure of the Nation. Always he opposed unbridled license, and with strength and patience fought to maintain the liberty of the people under the Con- stitution. [106] Address of Mr. Woods, of Iowa His final resting place is in the hills of New Hampshire that he loved, and ever will be held in tender memory and respect not only by those who knew him as a neighbor and friend but also by a Nation which knows the im- press of his strength of character, his magnanimity, his self-control, and his fidelity to high principle and duty throughout a lifelong public career. [107] Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois Mr. Speaker: Two men have crossed over in the last few months who were truly great men — one from Illinois, John A. Sterling, the other from New Hampshire, Senator Jacob H. Gallinger; one a lawyer, the other a physician by profession; both of them school-teachers in early life; one well grounded in the legal profession, the other well grounded in the medical profession — who later on in life were selected on account of their ability and high charac- ter for services in the Congress. Senator Gallinger served in this House two terms, and then he served, I believe, continuously in the Senate of the United States until his death. Each one sei^^ed his constituency well. They could not have served their respective constituencies well without serving all the people of the United States well. A Senator represents one State and a Representa- tive serves one district, but when we come down to it, whether it be in the Senate or in the House, whether a man comes from far-away California, or way down East in Maine, or in New Hampshire, or from the central por- tion of the countrj', he votes for legislation that spreads over the whole countrj', and we are just as much inter- ested from a practical standpoint in every one of tlie 435 districts, each of which sends a Representative to the House, or to any of the 96 Senators, as we are in those whom we select from our respective States and districts. I believe that through all these years that I have served in the House that on the average in the House and in the Senate the people who were chosen have represented the public sentiment of the respective States and districts first, and second, and on all fours with the public senti- ment, have represented the whole people. [108] Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois And, eveiything considered, I believe the average repre- sentation in both House and Senate measures the average sentiment and intelligence of those who send them here. Sometimes there is complaint that there are too many lawyers in Congress. Well, there are a good many law- yers in Congress, but they are selected not because they are lawyers but because they have to do with voting for legislation. Some people say there are too many busi- ness men in Congress; that there are too many farmers, and so on. Now, the whole object of our Government is to enable us to live under laws which under our fixed law, the Constitution, will protect the weak and the strong. God forbid that it should ever be to the contrary. And it never will be to the contrary while our form of government lasts. There are certain great characters in war and in peace — Presidents, Members of Congress, and the coor- dinate branch of the Government, the judiciary, that stand out in histoi-y and will continue to stand out in histoiy. But, after all, it is the one hundred millions of people, plus now, that select tlie men who are to legislate and who are to fill the Executive chair and, in the end, under the Constitution, hold the judiciary positions. And those places will not be more worthily filled than by the major- ity sentiment, the common sentiment, of the people who .give men tlieir commission. George Washington, the Father of his Country; Alexander Hamilton; Thomas Jef- ferson; Patrick Henry; the Adamses, all dwell in history', but we would not have gotten far if it had not been for the Continental Army. We would not have had a Con- stitution if it had not been for the wise men who framed it and the people who ratified it. After all is said and done, men whose names are forgotten, great masses of men, the average population of the country, selected those great characters who performed the function that was [109] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger cast upon them, and they did it well. I fancy if you would call the roll of the membership of the House of Representatives you would find that nine-tenths of them, under the hand of necessity earlj' in life, learned to make their way by labor, physical and mental. I know the Illinois delegation pretty well. They are descendants, in the main, of pioneers — a great folk. From one ocean to the other we arc still pioneering; we are crossing the con- tinent; we are settling up the area of the United States in order that we can continue to take care of the great in- crease in population for a thousand years and live, if we are forced to do so, within ourselves. We have not been forced to do so, but we could. Now, these two men, John Sterling, school-teacher, law- jer, and legislator, on the one hand, and Senator Gallin- ger, having pretty much the same kind of training that Sterling had, were both strong factors. While Senator Gallinger was not a lawyer, practically he was quite six while other men were half a dozen in framing legislation. They did not lack industry. The two men in many re- spects were alike. They or any of us, substantially, will not live as Webster will live in history or as Jefferson will live in history, but Webster and Jefferson and all of those people could not have succeeded so well if it had not been for their forbears that stood for them and by them. And so in speaking of the whole people we must consider them, as being competent for self-government. There never was a man bright enough and strong enough to develop an- other's legs by walking for him, and there never will be. A child when he learns to walk can be instructed and aided, but he must do his own walking and his own growing. John Sterling was my personal and political friend and I was his. 1 recollect the night before the election in [110] Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois the campaign of two years ago, when I closed it at Blooni- ington, in his district, at which there was a wonderful dem- onstration. That was tlie night before the election. They had been talking that there was a hot contest that prom- ised to defeat Mr. Sterling. But he came out of it with a greatly increased majority not by virtue of what 1 said but by virtue of his ability, character, and service. We only know about to-day. What of the future? I believe there is a future. 1 believe that each man, each human entity, finds its place amongst those like unto it. That is my faith. I am not a believer in people being cast in a fiery furnace that is a thousand times hotter than the one in which Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were cast and being burned forever and ever. No; no. We all hope, and that is the strong evidence, for life hereafter. Some time ago I had the pleasure of dining, on the invi- tation of Representative Porter, of Pittsburgh, with a great manufacturer and a great business man. There were present, if I recollect, 18 or 20 guests at his house here in Washington. The guest of honor was Mr. Brashears. That gentleman is the great lens maker of the world. He commenced life as a puddler, but in off hours he turned his attention to the stars. He married, but there were no children. As he studied the stars and began to make lenses his wife was his assistant. He made great progress in his art. He made the great lens for the Lick Observa- tory, and other great lenses have been made in his labora- tory. We made him do most of the talking by asking him questions, first by one and then another. I asked him, " How far can you see into space with the strongest lens that you have produced?" He said the strongest lens ever produced in the world was produced at Pittsburgh in his laboratory. I said, " How far does that lens reach into space? " " Ah," said he, " I am some- [111] Memori.\l Addresses: Senator G.\llixger thing of a mathematician; we know the velocity of light; that lens can reach so far that if a sun in space were to be extinguished this minute the light that started from that sun would not reach the earth for fifteen hundred years. Space is but another word for something without boundaiy." Then somebody asked him, " \\"hen was it that your wife died?" He answered, " Two years ago." Then some- bodj- asked, "Where is she buried?" His answer was, " Beneath the laboratory. And there I shall be buried, and on my wife's memorial " — in substance I give the words. " We have searched the stars togethei-, worked together, made lenses together; we have become familiar with space, so far as human eye by human invention and aid will allow; and that Power which made the universe and placed law upon it will care for us after this life." So I have faith to believe that that Power will care for Senator Gallinger, will care for John A. Sterling, will care for the loved ones that have crossed over. I do not know; perhaps I am not orthodox. We can not shape our future lives except as we come under general law, and the great First Cause that called matter into being was not only wise but omnipotent, which means just and merciful. It is a favorite thought with me with respect to my loved ones, when I think about them, who have been crossing over, it seems to me, eveiy few j-ears since I can re- member, that I shall meet them there. Such is the uni- versal desire. While the legislative record of our de- ceased colleague here, Mr. Sterling, and of the honored and able Senator G.\llinger is lodged in the official ar- chives of the House and Senate, while we sympathize with the friends that survive, yet if we are welded by work, by wisdom, by fidelitj', crossed on courage, I shall hope and be content if we can reach men in the great eternity like unto Senator Gallinger and John A. Sterling. [112] Proceedings in the House Mr. Burroughs. Mr. Speaker, in view of the fact tliat several gentlemen wished to have an opportunity to speak to-day, but for some reason or another were unable to be here, I ask unanimous consent that they have leave to extend their remarks in the Record. The Spe.\ker pro tempore. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Therefore, in accordance with the resolution heretofore adopted, the House (at 4 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m.) adjourned until Monday, January 20, 1919, at 12 o'clock noon. Monday, January 20, 1919. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Waldorf, its enroll- ing clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the fol- lowing resolutions : Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. Jacou H. Gallinger, late a Senator from the State of New Hampshire. Resolved, Tliat as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate, in pursuance of an order heretofore made, assembles to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased tlie Senate do now adjourn. 115066°— 19 8 [113] DEATH OF SENATOR GALLINGER [From the Manchester IS. H.) Union] Fr.\nklin, August IS. — United States Senator Jacob H. G.\l- LiNGER died at a hospital here at 1.30 o'clock Saturday morning. When Senator Gallinger returned from Washington to his sum- mer home at Salisbury Heights, near here, in July, he was in poor health. A few days ago his condition become so much worse that, upon advice of his physician, he was brought to a hospital here. Death was attributed to arteriosclerosis. He was 81 years of age. » At the Senator's bedside was Mrs. Ralph Gallinger, widow of Senator Gallinger's only son, who was killed in an automobile accident a few years ago. The Senator's summer home at Salisbury Heights commands a magnificent view of Kearsarge Mountain, and a few years ago Sen- ator Gallinger induced the United States Geographic Board to institute researches which resulted in its order settling a famous controversy and giving this peak exclusive right to its name and designating as Pequawket the Carroll County mountain which had for some years been called Kearsarge by many persons. The funeral will be held at the First Baptist Church at Concord on Wednesday at 2 p. m. The body was removed to Concord to-day. Senator Gallinger is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Harry A. Norton, of Winchester, Mass. Senator Jacob Harold Gallinger was the oldest Member of the United States Senate both in years and in point of service. Ever since 1891 he had been a conspicuous Hgurc in the Senate, taking not only a leading part in its discussions but ranking as a domi- nating figure in its leadership and in the counsels of the Repub- lican Party. As minority leader the Senator had been active until quite recently, despite his advancing years. Born on a farm at Cornwall, Ontario, 81 years ago, he crossed the border to the United States early in life. He was a printer first, then studied medicine and practiced as a physician and surgeon for 23 years. In 1872 he entered the New Hampshire House of [115] Memorial Addresses: Senator G.\llinger Representatives, beginning political activities that continued to the end of his life. Gallinger made the seconding speech for Ben- jamin Harrison for President in the Republican national conven- tion of 1888, and frequently was a delegate to the national con- ventions. A military title he bore in the early days when he was surgeon general of the New Hampshire Guards — brigadier gen- eral — was forgotten during his Washington career, where he was proud of the title of " Doctor." He served in the House in the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses. During his continuous service of 27 years in the Senate he had been active on the committees dealing with finance, appropria- tions, rules, and government of the District of Columbia. He fought long for his ocean mail subsidy bill to build up the Ameri- can merchant marine, and it passed the Senate only to fail in the House. He was the Rtepublican nominee for President pro tem- pore of the Senate in 1911. Two months later, when his son, Ralph Gallinger, was killed in an automobile accident, he suffered so greatly from depression that his friends were anxious over his condition for a long time. Always forceful in his public declarations, Mr. Gallinger cre- ated a sensation by telling the Senate Lobby Committee in 1913 that President Wilson has come " perilously near lobbying " in connection with the tariff bill. He declared that during his 4 years in the House and 22 years in the Senate he had never en- countered improper influences nor lobby methods and that he had " no interests outside of a little rock farm in New Hampshire," where he raised hay and apples. The Senator made a long fight against confirmation of George S. Rublee, of New Hampshire, as a member of the Federal Trade Commission, which eventually resulted in Mr. Rublee leaving the board after serving without confirmation and on recess appoint- ment. During the war Senator Gallinger had stood with the President on national defense matters. He had pending a resolution for a day of prayer for welfare of the American cause in the war. Senator Gallinger married, in 1860, Mary Anna Bailey, of Salis- bury, who died in Washington in 1907. [116] FUNERAL SERVICES [From the Concord Evening Monitor, Aug. 22, 1918] Federal, State, and city governments were represented in the large assemblage of personal, political, and business friends at the funeral of Senator Jacob H. Gallinger, which was held from the First Baptist Church in this city this afternoon at 2 o'clock. Long before the hour of the funeral the edifice was filled to overflowing and hundreds paid their respects to New Hampshire's venerable, beloved, and highly esteemed statesman, who for over a quarter of a century represented the Granite State in the United States Senate, by standing in the halls and outside of the church. In glowing terms, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachu- setts, for many years a close friend of the deceased, paid a tribute to his memory when at the service he pronounced the eulog>-. The service was very simple, even without vocal music, the several selections rendered by the organist completing the musical part of the service. Rev. Walter Crane Myers, pastor of the church, officiated and was unassisted. FROM NATION AND STATE From early morning people in every walk of life had arrived from all parts of the State and Nation to pay their last respects to the deceased. It seemed to them, no doubt, a duty as well as a privilege to mourn for one who had striven so hard to lead his fellow men in the right direction. At 11 o'clock this morning the body was taken from the home- stead on North State Street to the State capitol, where it rested in Doric Hall until 1 o'clock to be viewed by the public. No formality was connected with the removal of the body from the home, with the exception that a military guard, consisting of members of the local company of the State Guard, acted as an escort. IN THE STATEHOUSE In the statehouse Senator Gallinger's body was allowed to lie in state immediately in front of the main entrance to the building, about two-thirds back in the hall. [117] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gallinger On the right side of the casket was the American emblem and New Hampshire's State flag was on the other. Banked in the rear of the casket were two large pieces, one from the United States Senate, which consisted of a large wreath of Killarney roses, and another from the family. State Guard members were on duty about the casket and at the entrances to the building while the body lay in state, this part of the program having been arranged by Adjt. Gen. Charles W. Howard and Capt. James J. Quinn. G. A. R. VETERANS Included among the many who visited the capitol when the body rested there were great numbers of Grand Army veterans, a class of men the late Senator befriended more, perhaps, than any other. To facilitate the handling of the large crowd, arrangements had been made for people to enter the building through the main entrance, passing in front of the body and filing out through the south rear entrance, which had been kept closed until its opening to-day since the declaration of war. As a mark of respect all the offices in the statehouse were closed while the body was in the building, and a tribute was also paid to the deceased by the business men of the city, who closed their establishments at 11 o'clock this morning. There was no ceremony when the body was removed from the capitol, the doors being closed at 1 o'clock, and through the rear entrances to the building the body was taken to an awaiting hearse, in which it was borne under military escort to the church where the funeral services were held. A large delegation of members from Company M of the State Guard were on duty at the statehouse, the detail being under the command of First Sergt. Henry McFarland. The military bearers were Sergt. Charles F. Thompson, Sergt. Edward H. Larkin, Sergt. Joseph G. Jones, Sergt. Warren L. Peckham, Sergt. Albert Schou, and Corpl. James H. Holland. THE pallbearers It was not until after the funeral service that the body was turned over by the military guard to the civilian pallbearers, who were Clinton R. Thompson, Washington, D. C; Edward M. Cogswell, Edward K. Woodworth, Arthur H. Britton, Concord; [118] Funeral Services Thomas F. Clifford, Franklin; Dr. Charles Duncan, Concord; John G. M. Glessner, Bethlehem; Harry G. Emmons, Concord. The honorary bearers were Hon. Henry W. Keyes, Haverhill; Hon. Fred W. Estabrook, Nashua; Hon. Frank N. Pearsons, Frank- lin; Hon. Benjamin A. Kimball, Concord; Hon. Walter M. Parker, Manchester; Col. Alfred F. Howard, Portsmouth; Dr. Charles R. Walker, Concord; Gen. John H. Brown, Concord; Hon. Clarence E. Carr, Andover; Gen. William F. Thayer, Concord; Col. James 0. Lyford, Concord; Hon. William J. .\hern, Concord. In the church the ushers were Hon. George H. Moses, Benjamin C. White, Harry H. Dudley, Josiah E. Fernald, Eben M. Willis, Eugene W. Leach, George A. S. Kimball, Concord. The floral tributes were many and extremely beautiful, and in- cluded set pieces from prominent citizens and officials of the State and Nation, as well as from fraternal bodies with which the Senator was affiliated. AT THE GRAVE At the grave in Blossom Hill Cemetery there was a brief com- mittal service, which was conducted by Rev. Dr. Myers. In the family lot where Senator Gallinger was buried were also buried his wife and four sons. The official delegation at the funeral was headed by Gov. Keyes and Charles W. Varney and William D. Swart, of Nashua, members of his council, and included nearly all of the State officials. Mayor Charles J. French headed the city delegation. Representing Massachusetts at the funeral was State Treasurer Charles H. Burrill, who came as the personal representative of Gov. Sanmel W. McCall. The senatorial delegation had 18 members, but in the party which came to the city on special cars from Washington were as many more, giving Congress a large representation. The arrangements for the funeral were made by Hon. Arthur P. Morrill, speaker of the house of representatives at the last session of the general court, and Hon. Benjamin W. Couch, both of whom are of this city, and who for many years have been in close touch with the Senator. THE SENATORIAL DELEG.\TION Among the United States Senators in attendance at the funeral were Senator Knute Nelson, of Minnesota; Senator Boies Penrose, [119] Memori.\l Addresses: Senator Gaixinger of Pennsylvania; Senator Furnifold M. Simmons, of North Caro- lina; Senator Lee S. Overman, of North Carolina; Senator Reed Smoot, of Utah; Senator John Walter Smith, of Maryland; Senator Miles Poindexter, of Washington; Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts; Senator William P. Dillingham, of Vermont; Sen- ator Charles Curtis, of Kansas; Senator John W. Weeks, of Massa- chusetts; Senator Joseph L France, of Maryland; Senator Thomas P. Gore, of Oklahoma. The Congressmen here for the funeral included Thomas Gal- lagher, of Illinois; A. T. Treadway, Michael F. Phelan, and Wil- liam Greene, of Massachusetts; Sherman E. Burroughs and Edward H. Wason, of New Hampshire; Porter H. Dale, of Vermont; and Charles B. Timberlake, of Colorado. Accompanying the party to this city was ex-United States Senator Theodore Burton, of Ohio. With the senatorial delegation were Sergeant at Arms Charles P. Higgins and Assistant Sergeant at Arms Carl A. LoeSler, of the Senate, and with the congressional delegation were Sergeant at Arms R. B. Goddard and Assistant Sergeant at Arms H. W. Ketron, of the House. Among the well-known men here was Hon. Samuel E. Pingree, of Hartford, Vt., an ex-governor of that State and for many years a close friend of the late Senator William E. Chandler and Sen- ator G.\I.LINGER. With the death of Senator G.a^llinger, said David L. Jewell, of Wollaston, Mass., who was in the city to-day for the funeral, but two members of the statT of Gov. Head are now living, the other member being R. T. Cruft, of Bethlehem. OUR DISTINGUISHED DEAD [Editorial from the Concord Evening Monitor of Aug. 21, 1918] In behalf of the State of New Hampshire, Gov. Keyes bestowed worthily a great honor when he offered Doric Hall in the capitol for the lying in state of the body of Senator Gallinger. It was eminently fitting that one who had served the State so long and so well should receive under its ofTicial roof the last tribute from so many of his fellow citizens, admirers, and friends. Memory recalls but one other instance of similar honor paid by and in this State. Almost 50 years ago, in 1869, the body of [120] Funeral Services Franklin Pierce, the only President given by New Hampshire to the Nation, lay in state in Doric Hall prior to the funeral services in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. All of the clergy participating in that service, all of the bearers, and all of the carriers are dead. Judge William M. Chase, the last survivor, having passed away within the year. But there are more than a few still living in Concord who were among the great number visiting the statehouse on that day to look for the last time upon the face of President Pierce. Their recollections agree as to the impressive solemnity of the occasion and the de- gree to which differences of opinion over the course of the dead statesman at the end of his career were forgotten in the face of death. There was nothing to forgive or forget in the case of Senator Gallinger. No one ever questioned his loyalty to, and love for, his city. State, and Nation. And to all who thought upon the matter it seemed very fitting that the building within which he entered pubhc life almost half a century before should witness his final passing from the scene of his untiring industry and great achievements. [121] TRIBUTES [From the Concord Evening Monitor] By President Wilson A tribute to the memory of Senator Gallinger was paid by President Wilson in a telegram of condolence received on Satur- day by Mrs. Jeanette K. Gallinger, which read: " Please accept my warmest sympathy in your great loss. Senator Gallinger has rendered long and distinguished public service and his death will make a great difference in the public councils." By Gov. Keyes, of New Hampshire The history of the State of New Hampshire contains no record of public service longer or more distinguished than that of United States Senator Jacob H. Gallinger, whose death this morn- ing brings to all of us a keen sense of personal grief and a full appreciation of the great loss which State and Nation have sus- tained by his decease. In every fiber of his being, Senator Gallinger was loyal to his constituents and to his country. Throughout a period of oiTicial service almost without parallel for length and usefulness, he gave himself absolutely, with all his great ability, untiring industry, and vast experience, to promoting the public good through the machinery of State and National Government. His record is an honor to himself and to New Hampshire and will be an inspiration to all who read the history of the times in which he was so prominent a figure. By Gov. McCall, of Massachusetts I have been acquainted with Senator Gallinger for many years. He was a sturdy, self-reliant, and able man. The Senator was an unflinching Republican. The passing so near to each other of Senator Gallinger and Senator Chandler, who long were colleagues, was a striking coincidence. [123] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinoer Senator Gallinger [Editorial in the Concord Evening Monitor of Aug. 17, 1918] New Hampshire and the Nation hear with equally deep sorrow and profound regret of the death of Jacob H. Gallixger, dean of the United States Senate, devoted patriot, able statesman, and faithful and indefatigable public servant. He died, as he would have wished to die, in the harness, only a few weeks after his return from active participation and leadership in one of the most arduous and important sessions of Congress which his 30 years in Washington had witnessed. His was a truly remarkable career, which will live in the history of his country and as well as of his State. Born in Can- ada in 1837, one of a large family on a small farm, he was of necessity self-supporting at the earliest possible age and, like another eminent statesman, Benjamin Franklin, he learned the printer's trade, and worked at the case for a few years. But ambition stirred within him and he determined to fit himself for a profession, that of medicine. The hard work which was his characteristic through life gave him his degree of doctor of medi- cine at 21, and he practiced the healing art until his true path in life was opened before him by his entrance into politics. As a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, constitutional convention, and State Senate, as a member of the National House of Representatives, and as United States Senator since March 4, 1891, he displayed a positive talent for public life, to which he added tremendous industry and a genuine desire to serve to the best of his ability his fellow men and the public good. Senator Gallinger was a sincere believer in the necessity of political party organization for carrying on our form of govern- ment. Of such organization he was a master, and as long-time chairman of the Republican State committee and member of the Republican national committee from New Harapsliire he con- tributed very largely to the record of party success in State and Nation during the past 50 years. But Senator Gallinger was very far from being merely a politician, and his record at Washington for constructive states- manship, high-minded leadership, and useful legislation is one of which his State has every reason to be proud. A stanch friend, [124] Tributes a good citizen, a stalwart supporter of every worthy cause, the death of Jacob H. Gallinger is a great loss and inspires genuine grief in a multitude of hearts. "The Chief" [Editorial in the Concord Evening Monitor of Aug. 19, 1918] Born in Canada and recording himself in his official biography as " of German ancestry," Senator Jacoh H. Gallinger was a real American. The Republic, to which he came as an ambitious youth and •whose opportunities for education and advancement he grasped so eagerly and made so much of, was more than a symbol to him; it was a living embodiment of all that which his ardent spirit had visualized; and to the end of his days he never ceased to hold the Union and its welfare as the chief concerns of his thought and devotion. His was a magnetic temperament and his quality of leadership was early demonstrated. As a youth at the printer's case, even while he battled for his professional train- ing, he stood foremost among the group in which he found him- self; and when he began the useful years which he spent as a physician this quality at once manifested itself and contributed not a little to his success. It was altogether natural, therefore, that the larger field of public life should open to him spontaneously, so to say; and more than half of all his years and a far larger proportion of his ma- ture life were claimed by a constituency which, beginning with his neighbors in his own ward in Concord, expanded through the State senatorial district in which he lived, through the con- gressional district which he served so well, through the State whose commission he bore so long and so worthily, and through the Nation, where, as much as any one man of his generation, he received the honors which attend great national leadership. In addition to the naturally attractive qualities which centered attention upon his personality, he possessed an alert and a per- ceptive mind, and liis great passion for industry enabled him to store his brain with an encyclopedic knowledge of history, of political precedent, of parliamentary practice, and of widely ranged facts of all useful kinds which made him at once the admi- ration and the despair of those who measured wits with him in debate or in conversation. [125] Memorial Addresses : Senator Gai.linger He had a wonderful gift of expression, and when he drew upon his profound knowledge and wide experience and took the floor of the Senate or tlie platform of a political meeting he both cap- tivated and convinced his hearers. The range of topics with which he dealt within the course of his public life, whether he spoke in running debate or in set speech or in formal address in other places than his seat in the Senate, demonstrated constantly not only his powers of oratory but the well-buttressed intellectual foundation upon which he built the structure of his great career. But his intellect was never cold. A generous vein of humor always played through his mental processes; and he was moved by sentiment as are all men who for long succeed in winning and retaining a wide circle of stanch friends and loyal supporters. His nature was impulsive and affectionate, and when the full record of his life is scanned, whether now in the first shock of his taking away or in the reasoned perspective of the years that are to come, it will be found that equally with his great mind it was his noble heart that contributed most to his unexampled success. And it is because of this quality that the mourning for him will be the more general and sincere. A little group of those who always stood about him and who turned to him for inspiration and guidance have, for many years, hailed him in terms of affec- tionate loyalty as " The Chief." And such in truth he was, not only to those who made use of the endearing title, but to those who, in New Hampshire or throughout the Nation, found them- selves in company with him upon any occasion when men's minds and souls have been called upon for service. — G. H. M. Jacob H. Gallixger [Editorial — The Manchester (X. H.) Union] When Jacob H. Gallinger was in the full vigor of his robust physical strength and was the uncompromising champion of a set of political ideas around which he had shaped his structure of political belief, we often differed, and took issue with him. To- day, in the presence of death, we hardly think of these things. At many points we did not agree. WTiat of it? There was some central, guiding principle in this stalwart campaigner and Senator that enabled him to have and hold loyal political support and [126] Tributes enduring personal friendship. That was the real man, whatever it was, and it is what we would recall in the hours of his passing. Perhaps there will be difTerence of opinion on this matter. We speak from the point of view of a difTerenl political school than that of the Senator. And standing here, and looking back over the more recent years of controversy between men of ultra- conservative habits and those of liberal, progressive views, we think of Senator Gallinger as an inflexible fighter for certain principles which he imbibed many years ago, and as a fighter using methods of " open warfare." One could almost always tell where Senator Gallinger stood, and how he would vote. Not because he was stubbornly " set in his ways," but because his life was not one of caprice or emotion, but one of obedience to fixed political ideas pertaining to both the objects and methods of political action. In this respect he differed in no wise from many other extreme conservatives, but he had a certain candor, which all do not possess, and which heightened the effect of his conservatism. He was utterly and avowedly uncompromising with reference to per- sons and ideas which threatened the traditional beliefs and processes. So it often occurred that while we differed with him we had respect for the qualities in him that kept him out in the open, a friend or a foe who could be depended upon as a friend or a foe. It is worth noting, too, that this quality in Senator Gallinger was appreciated and respected by men of other parties as well as by his fellow Republicans. He was a Republican of Republicans, but he held the esteem of Democrats, as was more than once evidenced in his long and active career in politics. One thing in Senator Gallinger's record we wish to recall. He was a stalwart protagonist of the idea of an American merchant marine. Always, in season and out of season, he championed the return of the United States to the seas. As we pointed out in these columns recently, had he been listened to the United States would not be transporting more than half its troops in British ships, as is being done at present. His interest in shipping never flagged. This was characteristic, ^\1lat he believed he believed always, and he fought for it, openly and resolutely, win or lose, asking no odds, and utterly discouraging any help that might come to him were he to compromise with men of less conservative views. [127] 1Memori.\l Addresses: Senator G.\llinger By James 0. Lyford [From the Nashua Telegraph, reprinted in the Concord Evening Monitor, Aug. 23, 1918] Senator Gallinger made the supreme sacrifice for his country just as effectively as though his life had been given on the field of battle. Duty stood ahead of any personal consideration. At the last session of Congress he arose from a sick bed at the risk of his life to record his vote on a war measure, and from that time until the day he returned from Washington to his home in New Hampshire he sacrificed personal comfort that he might be of service to his State and Nation. Ignoring the appeals of his fel- low Senators, both Democrats and Republicans, that he seek needed rest, he remained at his post regardless of any risk to himself. He would not have had it otherwise, if he could have ordered the dispensation that closed his career, for his whole life was one of helpfulness to his fellow men. It is not the time nor the place to paj' appropriate tribute to the public service of Senator Gallinger. Starting from the printer's case and climbing step by step to the highest official honors that could be conferred upon one not a native-born citizen is a record that can not be adequately treated in a newspaper article that speaks of the public and private loss that comes to New Hamp- shire and the Nation by reason of the death of Senator Gallinger. Public men are frequentlj- admired for their brilliant attainments and service, but it is rare that to this admiration is added a per- sonal affection such as clung to the senior Senator from New Hampshire all through his distinguished career. The light and the cheer that as a physician he brought to the sick room were the attributes that made him lasting friendships in after life. It was the privilege of the writer to become acquainted with Senator Gallinger about the time that the latter was first elected to the New Hampshire Legislature of 1872, and to have served with him in the constitutional convention of 1876. From that time there began a friendship which continued uninterrupted to the day of his death. Also it was my pleasure to have been of some assistance to him in his efforts to attain the honors so well bestowed upon him by his State. In writing my thoughts of him to-day, I am but voicing the universal regard with which he was held by the people of New Hampshire. [128] Tributes In a State like our own, which for so many years has been the scene of strenuous and oftentimes bitter contests and of so many conflicting ambitions, it would be natural that there should be grievous disappointments and unpleasant memories. For nearly half a century Senator Gallinger was. of necessity in the thick of the contest, yet when the smoke of battle rolled away there was not a citizen of the Stale who did not feel free to call upon Sen- ator Gallinger for service, and that service was freely rendered to anyone who sought his help. Political and partisan an- tagonisms were forgotten in the kindly greeting that always was given by him to supporter or opponent alike. He cherished no lasting resentments for deeds done in the heat of a political con- test. If anything, he erred on the side of forgiving those who with malice did him injury. There was no interest of the State too small not to receive his personal thought and consideration, nor was there any citizen so humble that his welfare and his request did not obtain the Sen- ator's attention. From the time that he first entered public life he gave of himself for others with a cheerfulness that was re- warded by lasting friendships. The votes that were given him in repeated elections were not alone votes of confidence in his ability and fitness for the positions to which he aspired, but the votes of those who loved the man as they might love a brother. When he was transferred! to the national field of service, the qualities that endeared him to his fellow citizens of New Hamp- shire won him the aflections of his fellow Senators. Here, as at home, he secured the honors that came to him by his industry. Senator Gallinger constantly grew in usefulness and strength as a public man, and he finally became the dean and leader of the Senate. He did not attain this leadership by any one brilliant achievement but by an evolution of himself, an ever ripening of intellectual faculties. He continually broadened in the public service. This is the universal testimony of his colleagues of the Senate. This development caused neither envy nor jealousy among his associates, because his advice always came in the form of kindly and modest suggestion, while he was ever con- siderate of the opinions of others. As a parliamentarian and as a debater Senator Gallinger was the peer of all his fellow Sen- ators. Yet it was the confidence and affection that he inspired that contributed most to his leadership in that body. 115066°— 19 9 [129] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Senators of long service are apt to grow away from the people and to become impatient in their large duties and responsibilities of the small requests of their constituents. This was never true of Senator Gallinger. Often while seated at his desk watching the parliamentary procedure on some important question before the Senate, he wrote letters with his own hand to people in New Hampshire, letters in reply to appeals for assistance, letters of inquiry for their welfare, letters of sympathy for their afQictions, and letters of congratulation over their success. There are people of the State who have such letters written during the past months, when he struggled to forget his physical suffering in his efforts to brighten and cheer the daily life of his friends and fellow men. Senator Gallinger achieved his exalted station in life by per- sistent labor and by constant growth in the service he could per- form. At no time in his long career had he shown more capacity for public work than since his last reelection to the Senate. His associates and friends could see that responsibilities were telling on his wonderful physique. Their warnings were in vain. He had been forced against his inclination to seek a sixth term in the Senate, and with his reelection came the feelings always with him that all he had in strength and attainments should be given in return for the continued mark of confidence of his fellow citizens. The loss to the State and to the Nation in Senator Gallinger's death is great; but the larger loss comes to the thousands of people throughout the country who have been individually bene- fited by his service and helpfulness and who have known his ' friendship and affection. Blended with the public sorrow is the personal grief for one whose whole life was a benediction of kindly deeds. To have secured and retained such a breadth of friendship, such a warmth of affection, during an active public career of nearly 50 years, with its storms and trials, is, indeed, a greater achievement than to have reached, as Senator Gallinger did, the highest honors that his fellow citizens could bestow upon him. [130] Tributes By Converse J. Smith [From the Concord Evening Monitor of Sept. 3, 1918] The death of Senator Gallinger brings genuine sorrow to the Nation, New Hampshire, Concord, and to many of us a great per- sonal loss. So well expressed by President Wilson in his telegram of condolence, " the loss can not be estimated." By his long service and commanding ability he had become a national Senator, and not simply a Senator from New Hampshire, and those who have been furnished the Congressional Record must have observed the great number of petitions and requests that came to him from every State in the Union. With his great influence he possessed a big heart, ever willing to work for a deserving cause. It is difiicult to realize that slavery still exists in America, not that the auction block is in actual use as in the days prior to the Civil War, but human beings are still bought and sold for money consideration, notably Chinese women and girls, the governing price being from $2,000 to $3,000 each. The number of Chinese women in this country is comparatively small and desperate are the efforts made by the Chinese to land women and especially girls in the United States. Underground methods, dishonest practices, and attempts at bribery are some of the ways taken to evade the law. All the great religious denominations maintain Chinese mis- sions in San Francisco, where slave women and girls are cared for after being rescued. A few years ago two Chinese girls. Ah Ching and Ying Yute, were brought from China to Seattle, a Chinaman appearing and claiming under oath that they were his daughters. As such they had a right to land and they were admitted. Subsequently the al- leged father sold the girls into slavery in California, and they were rescued by Miss Donaldina M. Cameron, superintendent of the Chinese mission of the Presbyterian Church, San Francisco. The Chinaman who had sworn falsely was arrested, given trial in the United States Court, and served a term in prison. The two girls, after their entrance into the home, made prog- ress rapidly in education and otherwise, and they soon found their way to the hearts of the officers, the attendants, and rescued slave girls. [131] Memorial Addresses: Senator Gallinger Then it was that accidentally the writer met Miss Cameron in the Bank of California and her appearance gave the impression of illness, and on inquiry she stated she was dreadfully worried and did I have time to listen to the story. She then told me of Ah Ching and Ying Yute, how she had rescued them, how dear they were to her and others, of their progress since arrival from pagan China, that the Immigration Bureau believed they were illegally in this country, or technically so, and planned their deportation. That their return to China would be a life worse than death. "Oh!" she exclaimed, "can not you save these girls? We have exhausted every effort." It was then the magnificent personality of Senator Gallinger loomed up before me. A statement legally 4ra-v«n,. "was prepared, properly signed by the officials of thej^esbytcrian Board, and forwarded to Senator Gallinger, with such additional information as was obtainable, with the request that the same be presented to the President for his action. In less than one week authority was flashed across the conti- nent for the final landing of the two girls with Miss Cameron as guardian. There was jubilation in that mission home that night among the officers and 100 rescued slave girls, and many prayers went up to heaven for the President of the United States and for Sen- ator Gallinger. Later on Ying Yute was married to a Christian Chinese mer- chant of New Orleans, and at the wedding an elaborate breakfast was served. Occupying a seat next to the bride, conversation being in English, she again asked me to convey her greetings to Senator Gallinger and her appreciation for the saving of her life. Ah Ching is still a member of the mission home, a real assistant, a dear sweet girl, loved by all. A small matter, some may say, to bring to the attention of United States Senator Gallinger. Yes, if a comparison is drawn between his great work in the fields of diplomacy, finance, com- merce, statesmanship, but the actual saving of two lives, their work in the missions, is so far-reaching who can estimate results? The noble work of Senator Gallinger in the case cited prob- ably made no great impression on himself. It was a duty per- [132 Tributes formed. So it was only an incident. It was of yesterday. Not to-day with new requests, new duties for to-morrow. The President of the United States, United States Senators with- out regard to party alignment, Members of the House of Repre- sentatives and diplomats, the press of the country, pay tribute to the great work of Senator Gallinger, and very properly. Then there are thousands of people in the more humble walks who loved him in life and will never cease to do honor to his memory. Ah Ching and Ying Yute, rescued slave girls, to-day educated young women, never will cease thanking God for the splendid service in their behalf, all credit being given to Senator Gallinger for saving them from a life of misery and degradation in China. Oakland, Calif. [133] )/ J.' Jp^ or CONGRESS '/■'■[. '.-'{y'f, f;- |i.;i ;'•;■■'■ ■;r;Xr, ::.;;; y::C'Qi