Class 
 
 Book-.: 
 
 GopyrightN ^ 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 
 
ENLARGED AND REVISED TO 1854. 
 
 THE 
 
 MEDICAL FORMULARY: 
 
 A COLLECTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS, 
 
 DEBITED FEOM THE 
 
 WETTINGS AND PRACTICE OF MANY OF THE MOST EMINENT 
 PHYSICIANS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH THE 
 
 USUAL DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 
 
 OV^VR/c 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED 
 
 AN APPENDIX, / 
 
 ON THE $ 3 
 
 ENDERMC USE OF MEDICINES, AND ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. 
 
 THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL AN T D MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M.D., 
 
 LATE PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN T THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 
 
 TENTH EDITION, 
 
 REYISED AND MUCH EXTENDED. 
 
 BY ROBERT P. THOMAS, M.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA IN THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 
 
 : Alorbos autem, non eloguentia sed remediis curari." — Cels. De Med. lib. i. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 BLANCHAKD AND LEA 
 
 1854. 
 
<V 
 
 ^A,> 
 
 
 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 
 BLANCHARD AND LEA, 
 
 in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States in and for 
 the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 run, \di:i,i'hia : 
 T. K. AND P. <;. OOLLINS, PBINTER8. 
 
TO 
 
 N. CHAPMAN, M.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND 
 CLINICAL PRACTICE 
 
 IN THE 
 
 ETC. ETC. 
 
 WHOSE TALENTS AND URBANITY 
 
 HAVE RAISED HIM TO THE FIRST RANK IN THE PROFESSION, AND HAVE ACQUIRED FOR HIM 
 THE CONFIDENCE AND ESTEEM 
 
 OF A LARGE AND ENLIGHTENED COMMUNITY, 
 
 THIS WOEK 
 
 IS VERT RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
EDITOR'S PREFACE 
 
 The lamented decease of Dr. Samuel George Morton, 
 since the appearance of the last edition,, has rendered it 
 necessary to place this work in other hands. During 
 the lifetime of its author, Dr. Morton afforded a friendly 
 revision of the first two editions, and after his death 
 assumed the editorial charge of the seven succeeding 
 editions. Being intimately acquainted with the author's 
 views, he faithfully carried them out, by adding, from 
 time to time, standard formulae from the best writers. 
 
 Influenced by similar feelings, the present Editor has 
 made a careful selection of a large number of prescrip- 
 tions from the leading American and foreign authorities ; 
 in most instances, giving a preference to those which 
 serve to introduce the new remedies announced in the 
 last few years. Some of the old formulae have been 
 omitted, and others less complicated have been substi- 
 tuted. To all of the additions, the word " Editor" or 
 the names of their authors have been scrupulously placed. 
 
 The arrangement of the original work, founded on 
 that adopted by Dr. Chapman in his Therapeutics, has 
 been retained for internal remedies, which constitute the 
 subject-matter of Book I. But for convenience of refer- 
 
vi editor's preface. 
 
 ence, it lias been thought advisable to bring together 
 under a common head those intended for external use. 
 Accordingly, Book II. has been devoted to external 
 applications. This course appeared the more indis- 
 pensable from the fact that the true therapeutic value 
 of a large number of the articles used in the skin dis- 
 eases has not yet been tested by time and experience. 
 
 The table of the doses of medicines has been entirely 
 rewritten, and the present Editor is alone responsible 
 for any errors therein contained. 
 
 The various changes in nomenclature that have oc- 
 curred during twenty years, have caused much discre- 
 pancy in prescribing, and much difficulty in compound- 
 ing. To obviate these, all the formulae embracing 
 officinal articles have been brought to the standard of 
 our National Pharmacopoeia, for the double purpose of 
 extending a practical knowledge of its terminology 
 among prescribers, and of facilitating as well as simpli- 
 fying the duties of the apothecary. 
 
 ROBERT P. THOMAS. 
 
 Philadelphia, October, 1853. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Preface of the Editor . 
 Preface of the Author 
 Introduction 
 
 Table of Drops 
 
 Table of Abbreviations 
 
 Table of Doses for Children 
 
 Table of the Doses of Medicines 
 
 Tabular View of the Doses of the Principal Articles of 
 the Materia Medica ..... xxiii 
 
 PAGE 
 
 v 
 
 xi 
 
 xv 
 
 xvii 
 
 xix 
 
 xx 
 
 xxi 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 OF INTERNAL REMEDIES. 
 
 Class I. Emetics . 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 Powders . 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 Wines and Tinctures 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 Solutions and Mixtures . 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 Various Emetic Preparations' 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 II. Cathartics 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 Powders . 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 Pills 
 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 Confections and Electuaries 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 Emulsions 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 Mixtures . 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 Infusions and Decoctions 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 
 Wines and Tinctures 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 Enemata 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 Suppositories 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 III. Diuretics 
 
 
 
 
 65 
 
 Powders . 
 
 
 
 
 65 
 
 Pills 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 Infusions and Decoctions 
 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 Solutions and Mixtures , 
 
 
 
 
 70 
 
Vlll 
 
 Ll CONTENTS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Class page 
 
 IV. Antilithics and Lithdntriptics . . . .76 
 
 Powders . 
 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 Pills 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 Solutions and Mixtures . 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 V. Diaphoretics . 
 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 1. Ordinary Diaphoretics 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 80 
 
 Powders 
 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 Mixtures 
 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 Infusions 
 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 2. Alterative Diaphoretics 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 Pills 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 Decoctions . 
 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 Mixtures 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 VI. Expectorants 
 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 Powders, Pills, and Lozenges 
 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 Sirups 
 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 Mixtures . 
 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 Inhalation 
 
 
 
 
 107 
 
 VII. Emmenagogues 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 
 
 
 . 110 
 
 Decoctions and Infusions 
 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 Tinctures 
 
 
 
 
 . 114 
 
 VIII. Anthelmintics 
 
 
 
 
 . 117 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 
 
 
 . 117 
 
 Infusions and Decoctions 
 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 Electuaries and Mixtures 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 Clysters . 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 IX. Stimulants . 
 
 
 
 
 . 124 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 
 
 
 124 
 
 Mixtures and Infusions . 
 
 
 
 
 . 126 
 
 X. Narcotics 
 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 Pills 
 
 
 
 
 133 
 
 Mixtures and Tinctures . 
 
 
 
 
 . 137 
 
 Clysters and Suppositories 
 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 External Use of Narcotics 
 
 
 
 
 143 
 
 XI. Antispasmodics 
 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 XII. Sialagogues . 
 
 
 
 
 151 
 
 XIII. Tonics 
 
 
 
 
 155 
 
 1. Anti-intermittents 
 
 
 
 
 155 
 
 Powders and Pills . 
 
 
 
 
 155 
 
 Decoctions and Infusions 
 
 
 
 
 159 
 
 Solutions and Mixtures 
 
 
 
 
 161 
 
 2. Ordinary tonics 
 
 
 
 
 164 
 
 Powders and Pills . 
 
 
 
 
 164 
 
 Decoctions and Infusions . 
 
 
 
 
 170 
 
 Mixtures and Tinctures 
 
 
 
 
 172 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 
 
 
 IX 
 
 Class page 
 
 XIV. Alteratives ... . 177 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 
 177 
 
 Tinctures and Mixtures 
 
 
 
 
 
 181 
 
 XV. Astringents . 
 
 
 
 
 
 190 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 
 
 
 
 190 
 
 Mixtures and Infusions 
 
 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 XVI. Absorbents or Antacids 
 
 
 
 
 
 198 
 
 Powders and Pills 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 198 
 
 Mixtures and Solutions 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 199 
 
 BOOI 
 
 L II. 
 
 
 
 
 
 OF EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 
 
 XVII. Caustics or Escharotics . - 
 
 
 
 205 
 
 Issues and Setons 
 
 
 
 209 
 
 XVIII. Epispastics .... 
 
 
 
 211 
 
 XIX. Rubefacients 
 
 
 
 215 
 
 XX. Anomalous External Applications . 
 
 
 
 222 
 
 A. Collyria 
 
 
 
 222 
 
 Powders 
 
 
 
 222 
 
 Solutions and Mixtures 
 
 
 
 223 
 
 B. Injections 
 
 
 
 228 
 
 a. For the Ear 
 
 
 
 228 
 
 b. For the Urethra . 
 
 
 
 230 
 
 C. Gargles and Mouth "Washes 
 
 
 
 233 
 
 D. Liniments, Lotions, &c. 
 
 
 
 237 
 
 E. Ointments 
 
 
 
 245 
 
 Powders ... 
 
 
 
 252 
 
 F. Cataplasms . 
 
 
 
 253 
 
 G. Baths 
 
 
 
 . 255 
 
 H. Fomentations 
 
 
 
 257 
 
 I. Fumigations 
 
 
 
 . 258 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 OE DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND POISONS. 
 
 Dietetic Preparations . . . . . . . 261 
 
 Poisons ..... 
 
 . 
 
 269 
 
 Appendix I. Endermic Use of Medicines 
 
 , 
 
 278 
 
 II. Use of Ether and Chloroform . 
 
 . 
 
 280 
 
 Index ...... 
 
 
 
 285 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The elegant and judicious formation of prescriptions 
 is one of the difficulties which the young practitioner 
 in medicine is obliged to encounter. While a student, 
 he is compelled, from the circumstances under which 
 he is placed, to confine his attention to the leading 
 principles of the science. Consequently, the minor 
 points (and the art of directing medicines is considered 
 one of them) are postponed to that period when he 
 shall have undertaken the practical duties of his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 To obviate, in some measure, the inconvenience which 
 the graduate at first experiences, the volume now offered 
 the public was undertaken and executed. It contains, 
 in a condensed form, and we think advantageously ar- 
 ranged, many of the most important prescriptions em- 
 ployed in modern practice, and which, though most of 
 them may be already recorded, are scattered through 
 various medical works. 
 
 The arrangement framed by Professor Chapman for 
 his Therapeutics, appearing to combine greater advan- 
 tages than any other, we have taken the liberty of 
 adopting it as the basis of this Formulary. 
 
Xll PREFACE. 
 
 Each Class has been subdivided into Powders, Pills, 
 and Liquids ; without any attempt to preserve the dif- 
 ferent preparations of the same article together, but 
 only with a view to convenience. A few concise rules 
 will be found prefixed to each Class, and observations 
 have been attached to those prescriptions which possess 
 peculiarities either in their composition or effects. 
 
 The application of the remedies to diseases has been 
 generally left to the judgment of the practitioner, and 
 therapeutical detail as much as possible avoided, as it 
 would have been inconsistent with the nature and 
 design of the work. 
 
 The object is to furnish models for extemporaneous 
 formulae, the proportions of which may be either in- 
 creased or diminished, according to the age, sex, consti- 
 tution or idiosyncrasy of the patient, all of which are to 
 be taken into consideration when a prescription is di- 
 rected, as well as the climate and peculiar epidemic 
 which may be prevailing. 
 
 The prescriptions have been couched in the Latin 
 language, and the names of the several articles will be 
 found regularly terminated. The design was to furnish 
 something like a Medical Grammar, to those unacquaint- 
 ed with the dead language ; and even those versed in 
 the classics, may occasionally find words used in pre- 
 scriptions which are new to them. 
 
 A series of Dietetic preparations and the principal 
 poisons have been placed in Book III. The former are 
 written in the English language, and it is hoped that 
 they may be found useful in furnishing directions neces- 
 sary to be given to the nurse. 
 
PREFACE. Xlll 
 
 The latter are those Poisons which are usually taken 
 by accident or design, with their appropriate antidotes 
 and some practical observations. 
 
 Appendix No. I. contains some concise remarks on 
 the mode of using remedies on the " Endervnic plan" as 
 well as the quantities employed, and the effects produced 
 by several of the most potent remedial agents. 1 
 
 The materials for the work have been collected from 
 various sources, the writings of different authors, pe- 
 riodical journals, manuscripts, and the contributions of 
 our friends. It is hoped, therefore, that the difficulties 
 which have attended its progress will form some apology 
 for the errors which it may possibly be found to contain. 
 As a reason for not more frequently attaching the names 
 of authors to the prescriptions, it may be observed that 
 they are a kind of common medical property, which 
 every physician feels himself privileged not only to em- 
 ploy, but modify as may best correspond with his own 
 views. It is, therefore, difficult to say to whom many of 
 them belong; they have been touched, and retouched, 
 till they have lost their identity. 
 
 In conclusion, we beg leave to present our acknow- 
 ledgments to some of our friends for the encouragement 
 they have given to the undertaking. To Dr. Chapman 
 we are particularly indebted for the kindness and inte- 
 rest he has manifested in its publication, and offer to 
 him (the only return we can make), our warmest thanks. 
 
 1 Appendix No. II. is a concise and able article on the use of Ether and 
 Chloroform, drawn up by the late Dr. Morton, to which the attention of the 
 reader is directed. 
 
XIV PKEFACE. 
 
 It is with particular pleasure we embrace this opportu- 
 nity of expressing our obligations to our friend Dr. S. 
 G. Morton, whose intimate acquaintance with the sub- 
 ject, and classical knowledge, are only equalled by the 
 kindness and industry he has displayed in facilitating 
 the work. 
 
 There are others whose names it would gratify us to 
 mention, but who, we know, will be more pleased by 
 our silence. The countenance they gave us on the 
 present occasion has only increased the debt previously 
 incurred. 
 
 B. E. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Befoee entering upon the main object of this work, 
 it is necessary to notice a few circumstances which per- 
 tain more especially to Pharmaceutic Chemist^ yet 
 appear to be called for in this place ; and though they 
 are familiar to every educated physician, may be useful 
 to the student who has not yet turned his attention to 
 prescriptions. 
 
 In the first place, it is requisite to be well acquainted 
 with the signs of quantity, or those symbolic characters 
 which are used in writing prescriptions. In the ancient 
 practice of medicine, there were very many of these 
 symbols, not only for the purpose of denoting the quan- 
 tity of the ingredient, but the ingredient itself. Most 
 of these, however, have become obsolete ; and a few 
 only are retained as indispensable to the convenience of 
 the practitioner. These will be found in the following 
 Table, which is adopted in the Pharmacopoeias for the 
 regulation of weights. 
 
 English. Name. 
 
 Latin Name. 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Contains. 
 
 A pound, 
 An ounce, 
 A dram, 
 A scruple, 
 
 Libra, 
 Uncia, 
 Drachma, 
 Scrupulus, 
 
 ft, 
 
 3, 
 d, 
 
 12 ounces. 
 
 8 drams. 
 
 3 scruples. 
 20 grains. 
 
XVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In the manipulation of liquid substances, measures 
 have in most countries superseded the use of weights. 
 The Table of Measures recommended by the London 
 College, gives particular names and symbols to the parts 
 forming a gallon,, in order to prevent their being con- 
 founded with those denoting weights ; as in the follow- 
 ing Table : — 
 
 English Name. 
 
 Latin Name. 
 
 Symbol. 
 
 Contains. 
 
 A gallon, 
 A pint, 
 A fluidounce, 
 A fluidram, 
 
 Congius, 
 Octarius, 
 Fluiduncia, 
 Fluidrachma, 
 
 none, 
 
 o, 
 n, 
 
 f3, 
 
 8 pints. 
 16 fluidounces. 
 
 8 fluidrams. 
 60 minims. 
 
 The minims used in the Table, have been adopted in 
 the United States Pharmacopoeia in place of drops; and 
 although we have not employed this measure in our 
 prescriptions, yet we can readily perceive it to possess 
 some important advantages over the ancient practice. 
 The symbol (k) is sometimes used by medical writers, 
 though very improperly, to denote both minims and 
 drops. 1 The size of a drop varies according to the 
 greater or less fluidity and gravity of the liquid, and 
 the shape of the vessel from which it is dropped ; but, 
 as a general rule, we cannot do better on these occasions 
 than use a small phial with a thin edge. Dr. Dorsey 
 observes that, whenever great precision is necessary, it 
 is easy to dilute the active medicine, and give it in form 
 of a mixture. If sixty grains be diffused in six ounces 
 of water, for instance, each half ounce will contain five. 
 
 1 T<ii lii'miiiis of most fluids, if measured by the graduated minim measure, are 
 equal to about fifteen drops. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XV11 
 
 Mr. Durand, of this city, has made various experi- 
 ments to ascertain the number of drops of different liquids 
 equivalent to a fluidram ; and his results, which are of 
 practical importance, are given in the following table : — 
 
 Acetone, 
 
 Acid acetic (crystallizable), 
 
 Acid hydrocyanic (medicinal), 
 
 Acid muriatic, 
 
 Acid nitric, . 
 
 Acid nitric, diluted (1 to 7), 
 
 Acid sulphuric, 
 
 Acid sulphuric aromatic, . 
 
 Acid sulphuric, diluted (1 to 7), 
 
 Alcohol, rectified spirit, . 
 
 Alcohol diluted, proof spirit, 
 
 Arsenite of potassa, solution of, 
 
 Chloroform, . 
 
 Ether sulphuric, 
 
 Oil of aniseed, of cinnamon, of 
 
 sweet almond, of olives, 
 Tincture of assafetida, of foxgl 
 Tincture of muriate of iron, 
 Vinegar distilled, . 
 Vinegar of colchicum, . 
 Vinegar of opium (black drop) 
 Vinegar of squills, 
 Water distilled, 
 Water of ammonia (strong), 
 Water of ammonia (weak), 
 Wine Teneriffe, 
 Wine antimonial, . 
 Wine of colchicum, 
 Wine of opium, 
 
 cIot 
 
 es, of 
 g 
 
 ove, of guaiac, of 
 
 peppermint 
 
 opium, 
 
 ,of 
 
 Drops. 
 
 110 
 120 
 
 45 
 54 
 84 
 91 
 90 
 
 120 
 54 
 
 138 
 
 120 
 57 
 
 260 
 
 150 . 
 120 
 
 120 
 132 
 
 78 
 78 
 78 
 78 
 45 
 54 
 45 
 78 
 72 
 75 
 78 
 
 Now it is evident from the preceding facts, that in 
 .2 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 furnished by Gaubius and Dr. Young, for ascertaining 
 the proper doses of medicines for children, are given 
 below. 
 
 Gaubius takes the dose for an adult as unity, and for 
 other ages, as follows : — 
 
 One year old, . . -^ Seven years old . . i 
 
 Two years " . . $ Fourteen " " . i 
 
 Three " " . . £ Twenty .« " . . # 
 
 Four " " • I From twenty to sixty years old 1 
 
 Dr. Young says : "For children under.twelve years, the 
 doses of most medicines must be diminished in the pro- 
 portion of the age, to the age increased by 12.'* Thus, 
 for a child of two years, =2 : 2+12 : : the adult dose, 
 or 1 : to the child's dose, or 7. Or, to state it more 
 2 
 
 simply? "2+12 = ^ HenCe ' 
 For one year 
 
 " two years 
 
 " three " 
 
 " four " 
 
 " six " 
 
 &c. &c. 
 At twelve, the dose is one-half that of the adult. 
 
TABLE 
 
 DOSES OF MEDICINES ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. 
 
 In preparing the following Table, a great object has 
 been to present, at a glance, the minimum and medium 
 doses of each medicine ; or, as sometimes happens in 
 respect to the more familiar articles, the ordinary dose, 
 as in many of the infusions and tinctures. It is neces- 
 sary to premise that these preparations are adapted to 
 adult age ; nor can any precise rule be laid down which 
 will be applicable to all the periods of life between that 
 period and early infancy. Nothing but the cautious 
 observation and judgment of the physician can possibly 
 supply this deficiency. The best mode of giving active 
 medicines to infants is in solution or suspension, so that 
 the dose may be readily and safely graduated in reference 
 to age, constitution, and disease. As the same medicine 
 will sometimes be found in several different classes of 
 the Materia Medica, its dose must be varied accordingly. 
 Thus, ipecacuanha is both an emetic and diaphoretic, 
 and the large dose we give for the former indication 
 would not bear the necessary repetition for the second. 
 Calomel is purgative and alterative; but in the table we 
 
 2* 
 
XXll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 only give the dose necessary to produce the first of these 
 effects ; and so also of many other medicines. Here again 
 the formulae, as given under the several Classes, provide 
 the necessary information in detail. 
 
 We would also impress upon every practitioner, the 
 vital importance of knowing the properties and strength 
 of a medicine before prescribing it ; and this caution is 
 especially requisite in directing those preparations, which 
 in an overdose, produce distressing and sometimes fatal 
 effects. No prescription of this kind should ever be 
 copied at random, and without first satisfying one's self, 
 by a little calculation, whether the proportions directed 
 in it are safe and consistent; and we would farther insist 
 that the use of every poisonous medicine should be com- 
 menced in a minimum dose, and gradually increased 
 according to its effects on the system. It is often neces- 
 sary, also, in these instances, to put the patient on his 
 guard in case any inordinate or unusual symptoms should 
 arise, with a request that the prescription, in such con- 
 tingency, may be taken in less quantity, at longer inter- 
 vals, or discontinued. This precaution is all-important, 
 for example, in the administration of alterative doses of 
 the mercurial preparations ; for the same quantity that 
 would have little or no effect on one person, might, and 
 often does produce a violent and deleterious effect on 
 another. This remark is also equally applicable to the 
 whole class of narcotic medicines. 
 
 In truth, nothing but habitual circumspection in pre- 
 scribing medicines, can render this art beneficial to the 
 patient, or honorable to the physician. 
 
TABULAR VIEW 
 
 DOSES OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA 
 
 MEDICA. 
 
 Absinthium, 9j. to ij. 
 Acetonuni, gtt. x. to xxx. 
 Acetuin, f 3j- to iv. 
 Acidum Arseniosuni, gr. y 1 ^. 
 
 Benzoicum, gr. x. to 
 
 xxx. 
 — i Boracicum, gr. v. to xx. 
 
 Gallicum, gr. v. to x. 
 
 Hydrocyanicum dilutum, 
 
 gtt. j. to ij. 
 
 Muriaticum dilutuin, gtt. 
 
 xx. to lx. 
 
 Nitricuin dilutuni, gtt. x. 
 
 to xl. 
 
 Nitro-muriaticum, gtt. iij. 
 
 to iv. 
 
 Sulphuricum dilutum, gtt. 
 
 x. to xxv. 
 
 Sulphuricum Aromatic- 
 
 urn, gtt. x to xxv. 
 
 Tannicum, gr. ij. to v. 
 
 Tartaricum, 3j- to ij. 
 
 Aconiti Folia, gr. j. to ij. 
 
 , Extractum, gr. j. 
 
 , Extractum Alcoholicum, 
 
 gr. I. 
 
 Foliorum, Tinctura, gtt. 
 
 xx. 
 Radicis, Tinctura, gtt. v. 
 
 to viij. 
 JEther, gtt. 1. to f5j. 
 , Spiritus Oompositus, f 5j- 
 
 iEtheris Nitrici, Spiritus, f3j. 
 Allium, 3ss. to 3j- 
 Allii, Succus, f3ss. 
 
 , Syrupus, f 3j. to iv. 
 
 Aloe, gr. x. to xx. 
 
 Aloe et Canella, gr. v. to xx. 
 
 Aloes, Tinctura, fjss. 
 
 Vinum, f 3j- to f^ss. 
 
 Alumen 
 
 , gr. x. to xx. 
 Exsiccatum, gr. v. to x. 
 
 Ammonite Acetatis, Liquor, f^ss. 
 to j. 
 
 Carbonas, gr. v. to x. 
 
 Phosphas, gr. x. to xL 
 
 Murias, gr. v. to xv. 
 
 — Aromaticus, Spiritus, 
 
 gtt. xx. to f3j. 
 Ammoniacum, gr. x. to xx. 
 Ammoniaci, Mistura, f^ss. 
 Angustura, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Angusturse, Infusum, f ^ij. 
 Antbemis, 3 S S' to j. 
 Anthemidis, Infusum, f ^j. to ij. 
 Antimonii Sulphur. Praecipitatum, 
 
 gr. j. to v. 
 Antimonii, Oxidum, gr. iij. to v. 
 
 et Potassae Tartras, gr. 
 
 & to iij . 
 ■, Vinum, gtt. x. to f*3j- 
 
 Antimonialis, Pulvis, gr. iij. to x. 
 Apocynum, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Argenti Nitras, gr. i. 
 
XXIV 
 
 TABLE OF DOSES, ETC, 
 
 Argenti Cyanuretum, gr. T \. 
 
 Iodidum, gr. h to ij. 
 
 Oxidum, gr. £. 
 
 Arnica, gr. v. to xx. 
 Arseniosum Acidum, gr. j 1 ^. 
 Arsenici Iodidum, gr. &. 
 Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, 
 
 Liquor, gtt. v. to x. 
 
 1 — Potassse Arsenitis, Liquor, 
 
 gtt. x. 
 Asclepias Tuberosa, gr. xx. to 3j« 
 Assafoetida, gr. x. 
 Assafoetidae, Mistura, f^ss. 
 
 , Tinctura, f 3 j - 
 
 Atropia, gr. § V« 
 
 Auri Sales, gr. yg- to y^-. 
 
 Balsamum Peruvianum, f3ss. 
 Tolutanum, gr. x. to 
 
 Tolutanus Syrupus, 
 
 flss. 
 Tolutana Tinctura, f3j. 
 
 Barii Chloridi, Liquor, gtt. v. 
 Bebeerinse Sulphas, gr. iij. to xx. 
 Belladonna, Folia, gr. j. 
 Belladonna, Extractum, gr. J. 
 , Extractum Alcoholic. 
 
 t g r - *• 
 
 , Tinctura, gtt. xv. to 
 
 xx. 
 Bismuthi, Subnitras, gr. v. to x. 
 Brominium, gtt. j. 
 Brucia, gr. i to {-. 
 Buchu, gr. xx. to xxx. 
 , Infusum, f^ij. 
 
 Cahinca, 3j. to 3j. 
 
 Calamus, 9j. to 3j- 
 
 Calcis, Liquor, f 3j. to ij. 
 
 Calcii Chloridi, Liquor, gtt. xxx. to 
 
 f3j- 
 
 Calx Chlorinata, gr. iij. to vj. 
 
 Creta pneparata, gr. x. to 
 
 xxx. 
 
 Testa pracparata, gr. x.to xxx. 
 
 Csmphora, gr. v. to x. 
 Camphorae, Aqua, fjas. 
 
 — ; , Tinctura, gtt. v. to xx. 
 
 Canella, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Cantharis, gr. j. to ij. 
 Cantharidis, Tinctura, gtt. x. to 
 
 xxv. 
 Capsicum, gr. v. to x. 
 Capsici, Tinctura, f3ss. 
 Cardamomum, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Carum, gr. xx. to xl. 
 Caryophyllus, gr. y. to x. 
 Caryophylli Oleum, gtt. ij. 
 Cascarilla, gr. xx. to xxx. 
 Castoreum, gr. x. to xx. 
 Castorei Tinctura, gtt, xx. to 1. 
 Catechu, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Tinctura, f3j. to ij. 
 
 Cerevisias Fermenturn, fgss. to ij. 
 Cetraria3, Decoctum, f^ij. 
 Chenopodium, 9j. to ij. 
 Chenopodii, Oleum, gtt. v. to x. 
 Chimaphilae, Decoctum, f^ij. 
 Chloroformum, gtt. xx. to 1. 
 Chondri, Decoctum, ad libitum. 
 Cimicifuga, 9j. to Jj. 
 Cinchona, gr. xx. to xxx. 
 Cinchonae, Extractum, gr. x. to xx. 
 , Infusum, ~) 
 
 vel j-fgj. toij. 
 
 , Decoctum, J 
 
 , Tinctura, f3j. to iv. 
 
 , Tinctura Composita, 
 
 f3j. to iv. 
 Cinnamomum, gr. x. to xx. 
 Cinnamomi, Aqua, f^ss. 
 
 '-, Oleum, gtt. j. to ij. 
 
 , Tinctura Composita, 
 
 f3j- to ij. 
 Coccus, gr. j. to x. 
 Colchici Radix, gr. ij. to vj. 
 
 Semen, gr. ij. to vj. 
 
 Radicis, Vinum, gtt. x. to 
 
 Scminis, Vinum, fjj. 
 
 Seminis, Tinctura, f3ss. 
 
 toj. 
 Colchici, Acctum, f^ss. to j. 
 
 Extractum Aceticum, gr. j. 
 
 Colocynthis, gr. v. to x. 
 Colocynthidis, Extractum Compo- 
 
 situm, gr. x. to xv. 
 Colomba, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Colombac, Infusum, f^ij. 
 
TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Coloinbae, Tinctura,, fjj. to iv. 
 Conii Folia, gr. iij. 
 
 , Extractum, gr. ij. 
 
 , Tinctura, gtt. xx. to xxx. 
 
 Copaiba, f3ss. to j. 
 Copaibae, Oleum, gtt. x. to xv. 
 Coptis, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Coriandrum, 9j. to 5j« 
 Creasotum, gtt. j. to ij. 
 Creta praeparata, gr. xv. to 3j« 
 Crocus, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Cubeba, Jss. to iij. 
 Cubebae, Extractuin Fluidum, ft^x. 
 to xxx. 
 
 , Oleum, gtt. x. to xij. 
 
 , Tinctura, f3ss. to j. 
 
 Cuprum Ammoniatum, gr. \ to \. 
 Cupri Sulphas, gr. \ to ij. 
 
 Dipped Animal Oil, gtt. v. to x. 
 Digitalis, gr. j. 
 
 , Infusum, f3ij. to iv. 
 
 , Tinctura, gtt. x. 
 
 Digitalin, gr. T V 
 Donovan's Solution, gtt. v. to xx. 
 Dover's Powder, gr. x. 
 Dracontium, gr. x. to xx. 
 Dulcamara, Jss. to j. 
 Dulcamaras Decoctum, foij. 
 
 Elaterium, gr. \. 
 Elaterin, gr. y 1 ^. 
 Ergota, gr. xx. 
 Ergotae, Yinum, f3j. to ij. 
 Ether, gtt. 1. to f3j. 
 Eupatorii, Infusum, f^ij. 
 Extractum sive Resina Cannabis, 
 gr. \ to h 
 
 Fel Bovinum, gr. v. to x. 
 Ferri Pulvis, gr. iij. to v. 
 Chloridi, Tinctura, gtt. x. to 
 
 xxv. 
 
 Citras, gr. v. to x. 
 
 Ammonio-Citras, gr. v. 
 
 et Potassae Tartras, gr. x. to 
 
 xx. 
 
 Ferrocyanuretum, gr. iij. to v. 
 
 Iodidi, Liquor, gtt. x. to 1. 
 
 Nitratis, Liquor, gtt. viij. to x. 
 
 Ferri Phosphas, gr. v. to x. 
 
 Subcarbonas, gr. x. to 3ij- 
 
 Carbonatis, Pilulae, gr. x. 
 
 Sulphas exsiccatum, gr. ij. 
 
 to v. 
 
 Valerianas, gr. j. 
 
 Yinum, f ^ss. 
 
 Ferrum Ammoniatum, gr. v. to x. 
 Filix Mas, 3j. to ij. 
 Fceniculum, 9j. to 3^s. 
 Foeniculi, Aquae, f ^ss. 
 Fowler's Solution, gtt. x. 
 
 GUlla, gr. x. to xx. 
 Gambogia, gr. ij. to iij. 
 Gaultheriae Oleum, gtt. ij. to v. 
 Grentiana, gr. x. to xxx. 
 G-entianae, Extractum, gr. x. to xx. 
 
 — Composita, Tinctura, f 3j • 
 
 to ij. 
 Grillenia, gr. xx. to xxx. 
 Grranati Fructus Cortex, gr. xx. to 
 
 xxx. 
 Gruaiaci Resina, gr. x. to xx. 
 — ; Ammoniata, Tinctura, f3j. 
 
 Haematoxyli, Extractum, gr. x. to 
 
 xx. 
 Helleborus, gr. v. to xv. 
 Hellebori, Extractum, gr. v. to x. 
 
 , Tinctura, gtt. xxx. to f3j. 
 
 Hoffman's Anodyne, f 3j- 
 Hordei Decoctum, ad libitum. 
 Humuli, Tinctura, f3ij. 
 
 Lupulina, gr. v. to x. 
 Lupulinae, Tinctura, f 3j. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosi- 
 
 vum, gr. T V to £. 
 Chloridum mite, gr. I 
 
 to x. 
 
 Cyanuretum, gr. T \ to i, 
 
 Iodidum, gr. \ to j. 
 
 Iodidum Rubrum, gr. 
 
 1 
 
 Oxidum Nigrum, gr. 
 
 \ to iij. 
 Oxidum Rubrum, not 
 
 used internally. 
 Sulphas Flavus, gr. \ 
 
 to v. 
 
XXVI 
 
 TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Nigrum, 
 
 gr. v. to x. 
 Sulphuretum Rubrum, 
 
 gr. x. 
 Hydrargyrum cum Creta, gr. v. to 
 xv. 
 
 cum Magnesia, gr. 
 
 v. to xv. 
 Hyoscyami Folia, gr. v. to x. 
 
 , Extractum, gr. ij. 
 
 , Tinctura, f 3>ss. to j. 
 
 Inula, 9j. to 3j. 
 Iodinium, gr. i to j. 
 Iodinii, Tinctura, gtt. v. to x. 
 Iodinii Compositus, Liquor, gtt. v. 
 
 to x. 
 Composita, Tinctura, gtt. 
 
 xv. to xxx. 
 Ipecacuanha, gr. ij. to xx. 
 Ipecacuanhas, Syrupus, f 3j • *° ij* 
 
 , Vinum, f3j- to iv. 
 
 Ipecacuanhas et Opii, Pulvis, gr. x. 
 
 Jalapa, gr. x. to xx. 
 
 Jalapa), Extractum, gr. x. to xv. 
 
 ■ , Tinctura, f 3j- to ij. 
 
 Juglandis, Extractum, gr. xx. to 
 
 xxx. 
 Juniperi, Baccae, 5j- to ij. 
 
 , Oleum, gtt. v. to xv. 
 
 Compositus, Spiritus, f3j. 
 
 to iv. 
 
 Kino, gr. x. to xx. 
 
 , Tinctura, fjj. to ij. 
 
 Kousso, Flores, 3ss. 
 Krameria, gr. xx. to xxx. 
 Krameria), Extractum, gr. x. to xx. 
 , Syrupus, f 3j. to ij. 
 
 Lactucarium, gr. iij. to x. 
 Lappa, 5j. 
 
 Lauro-Cerasi, Aqua, f3*s. to j. 
 Lavandula), Oleum, gtt. ij. to v. 
 
 Compositus, Spiritus, 
 
 f 3ss. to j. 
 Liriodendron, 3* H - to ij. 
 Lobelia, gr. v. to x. 
 Lobelia) Tinctura, gtt. xx. to f3j- 
 
 Lugol's Solution, gtt. v. to x. 
 Lupulina, gr. v. to x. 
 Lupulinae, Tinctura, f3j. 
 
 Magnesia, 3ss. to j. 
 Magnesia) Carbonas, %sa. to j. 
 Citratis Liquor, f^iv. to 
 
 Sulphas, 3j. 
 
 Magnolia, 3ss. to j. 
 Manganesii Oxidum gr. iij. to x. 
 
 Iodidi, Liquor, gtt. x. to 
 
 xxx. 
 Sulphas, 9j. to 3ij. 
 
 Manna, ^j. 
 
 Mannite, 3j. 
 
 Matico, 3ss. to ij. 
 
 Matricaria, 3ss. to j. 
 
 MenthaePiperitae,01eum,gtt.j.toij. 
 
 — , Tinctura, gtt. x. 
 
 to xx. 
 
 Aqua, f^ss. 
 
 Menthae Viridis, Aqua, f^ss. 
 Mezerei Decoctum, f 3ij. to iv. 
 Mistura Creta), f ifss. to j. 
 Monardse Oleum, gtt. ij. to iij. 
 Morphia? Acetas, gr. £. 
 
 Murias, gr. £. 
 
 — Sulphas, gr. £. 
 
 Sulphatis, Liquor, f3j. to ij. 
 
 Moschus, gr. x. 
 
 Mucunse Electuarium, f3j. to f^ss. 
 
 Myrrha, gr. x. to xx. 
 
 Myrrhse Tinctura, f3ss. to j. 
 
 Naphthaline, gr. ij. to xv. 
 
 Nucis Vomicae, Extractum, gr. ss. 
 
 to j. 
 Nux Vomica, gr. iij. to v. 
 
 Oleum Amygdalao Amarae, gtt. £ 
 to j. 
 
 Anisi, gtt. v. to x. 
 
 Oajuputi, gtt. ij. to v. 
 
 — Limonis, gtt. ij. to iv. 
 
 — Morrhua), f^ss. 
 
 — Oliva), f3j- 
 
 — Pimcntsc, gtt. ij. to v. 
 
 — Kicini, f3j. 
 
 — Kosmarini, gtt. ij. to iij. 
 
TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. 
 
 XXV11 
 
 Oleum Rutae, gtt. ij. to iij. 
 
 Sabinae, gtt. ij. to iij. 
 
 Sassafras, gtt. iv. to vj. 
 
 Succini Rectificatum, gtt. 
 
 v. to xv. 
 Terebinthinae, gtt. x. to 
 
 f3ij. 
 
 Tiglii, gtt. i to ij. 
 
 Opium, gr. j. 
 
 Opii, Acetum, gtt. x. 
 
 , Confectio, gr. x. 
 
 , Extractum, gr. ss. 
 
 , Tinctura, gtt. xx. to xxv. 
 
 Acetata, Tinctura, gtt. xx. 
 
 Camphorata, Tinctura, fJJ. 
 
 to ij. 
 
 ,Vinum, gtt. xx. to xxv. 
 
 ,McMunn's Elixir, gtt. xx. 
 
 to xxv. 
 
 Pareira, 3ss. to j. 
 Petroleum f3ss. to 3j« 
 Phloridzin, gr. x. to xij. 
 Piperis Fluidum, Extractum, gtt. j. 
 
 to iij. 
 Pix Liquida, 3 SS - to j* 
 Plumbi Acetas, gr. j. to iij. 
 
 Iodidum, gr. ss. to iij. 
 
 Nitras, gr. \ to $. 
 
 Podophylli, Extractum, gr. v. to xv. 
 Podophyllin, gr. ss. to ij. 
 Potassae Liquor, gtt. x. to xx. 
 
 Arsenitis, Liquor, gtt. x. 
 
 Acetas, 9j. to 3ij. 
 
 Bitartras, 3j • to ij . 
 
 Carbonas Purus, gr. x. 
 
 Bicarbonas, gr. x. to 3ss. 
 
 Chloras, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Citras, gr. xx. to xxv. 
 
 Citratis, Liquor, f ^ss. 
 
 Nitras, gr. x. to xv. 
 
 Sulphas, Jss. to j. 
 
 Tartras, 3j- to i§ss. 
 
 Potassii Bromidum, gr. iij. to x. 
 
 Cyanuretum, gr. -J to I. 
 
 Ferrocyanuretum, gr. x. to 
 
 xv. 
 
 Iodidum, gr. iij . to x. 
 
 Sulphuretum, gr. ij. to vj. 
 
 Prunus Yirginiana, 3 SS - to j. 
 
 Pruni Virginianae, Infusum, f ^ij. 
 , Syrupus, fjss. 
 
 Pulvis Aromaticus, gr. x. to xx. 
 Doveri, gr. x. 
 
 Quassias, Extractum, gr. ij. to v. 
 ■, Tinctura, f3j- to ij. 
 
 Quercus Alba, et Q. Tinctoria, gr. 
 
 xx. to3j^ 
 Quiniaa Sulphas, gr. j. to x. 
 
 Valerianae, gr. ij. to vj. 
 
 et Ferri Citras, gr. iij. to x. 
 
 Rhamni Syrupus, f ^ss. 
 
 Rheum, 9j. to 3ss. 
 
 Rhei Fluidum, Extractum, f 5ss. 
 
 Aromaticus, Syrupus, f 3j * t° 
 
 iv. 
 
 , Tinctura, f§ss. 
 
 , Yinum, f 3ij. 
 
 Rubia, 9j. to 3ss. 
 Rubus Yillosus, et R. Trivialis, 9j « 
 to 3ss. 
 
 Sabbatia, 3 SS - to j. 
 Sabina, gr. v. to x. 
 Sabinae Oleum, gtt. ij. to iij. 
 Salicin, gr. ij. to x. 
 Sanguinariae Tinctura, f 3ss. to j. 
 Santonine, gr. iij. to iv. 
 Sarsaparillae, Extractum, gr. x. to 
 
 Fluidum, Extractum, 
 
 Compositus, Syrupus, 
 fgss. 
 
 Scammonium, gr. v. to xv. 
 
 Scilla, gr. j. to ij. 
 
 Scillae, Acetum, f3ss. to j. 
 
 , Syrupus, f 3j. 
 
 Compositus, Syrupus, f3ss. 
 
 to j. 
 Oxymel, f 3j. to ij. 
 
 Senega, gr. x. to xx. 
 Senegas Syrupus, f 3j • to ij* 
 Senna, 3ss. to 3ij« 
 Sennae Confectio, 3j« to ij. 
 
 Fluidum, Extractum, f]fss. 
 
 Serpentaria, gr. x. to xxx. 
 Serpentarias Tinctura, f 3j. 
 
XXVU1 
 
 TABLE OF DOSES, ETC 
 
 Simaruba, 9j. to 3j« 
 Sinapis (as an emetic), 3ij» 
 Sodae Acetas, 9j. to 3j» 
 
 Boras, 9j. to ij. 
 
 Carbonas, gr. v. to xx. 
 
 Bicarbonas, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Pbospbas, ^ss. to j. 
 
 Sulpbas, iss. 
 
 et Potassae Tartras, %\], to 
 
 jfss. 
 Sodii Cbloridum, gr. x. to 3y« 
 Spigelia, gr. x. to 3j. 
 Spigelise et Sennas Fluidum, Ex- 
 tract, f 3j- to f^ss. 
 Spiritus JEtberis Nitrici, f 3j. 
 Spiritus j3Stheris Compositus, f 3j. 
 Spiritus Pyroxilicus, gtt. x. to xl. 
 Stanni Pulvis, ^ss. 
 Stramonium, gr. j. to ij. 
 Stramonii Foliorum, Extractum, 
 
 Seminis, Extractum, gr. 
 
 1 to h 
 
 Tinctura, gtt. xx. to xxx. 
 
 Strycbnia, and its salts, gr. -j- 1 ^ to i. 
 Styrax, gr. x. to xx. 
 Sulphur, 9j. to 3ij. 
 Sulpburis Iodidum, gr. j. 
 
 Tabacum, gr. j. to v. 
 Tabaci, Vinum, gtt. x. to xx. 
 Taraxaci, Extractum, 9j. to 3j« 
 Terebintbina, 9j. to ij. 
 Testa praeparata, gr. x. to 1. 
 
 Ulmi, Infusum, ad libitum. 
 Uva Ursi, 3ss. to j. 
 
 Valeriana, 3ss« to j. 
 
 Valerianae Fluidum, Extractum, 
 
 , Oleum, gtt. v. 
 
 , Tinctura, f 3j to ij. 
 
 Veratrum Album, gr. j. to iij. 
 Veratri Albi Vinum, gtt. x. to xx. 
 Veratrum Viride, gr. j. to iij. 
 Veratria, and its salts, gr. jV to £. 
 
 Zinci Acetas, gr. j. to ij. 
 
 Chloridum, gr. \ to ij. 
 
 Cyanuretum, gr. -^ to \. 
 
 Oxidum, gr. ij. to v. 
 
 Sulpbas, gr. j. to x. 
 
 Valerianas, gr. j . to ij . 
 
 Zingiber, gr. x. to xx. 
 Zingiberis Tinctura, f 3j« 
 
BOOK I 
 
 OF 
 
 INTERNAL REMEDIES 
 
CLASS I. 
 
 EMETICS. 
 
 Emetics are medicines which excite vomiting, independently 
 of any effect arising from the mere quantity of matter intro- 
 duced into the stomach. 
 
 In the administration of Emetics a few simple rales are worthy 
 of attention. Whatever may be the apparent necessity for 
 emptying the stomach, we must take into consideration all the 
 circumstances of the case, and more particularly if there be 
 much arterial excitement with determination to the head ; for 
 where these symptoms are present, bloodletting should be some- 
 times premised. 
 
 When it is required, as in cases of poisoning, a full dose of 
 the emetic substance is to be administered ; but in the generality 
 of instances, it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently 
 repeated, until the desired effect is produced. In cases of torpor 
 or congestion, it is sometimes requisite to arouse the system by 
 retching or vomiting, which may be done by administering the 
 emetic with only a small quantity of fluid ; but when the object 
 is to empty the stomach and duodenum merely, free draughts 
 of tepid water or weak chamomile tea ought to be given as 
 soon as nausea takes place. 
 
 When poisons have been taken, our object is to evacuate the 
 stomach as speedily as possible, and for this purpose we select 
 an emetic which is prompt in its action. But where the excit- 
 ability of the stomach is greatly diminished by a Narcotic, it is 
 necessary to assist the emetic by the addition of some excitant. 
 When such an effect is caused by opium, the system may be 
 generally rendered susceptible by the use of vinegar, mustard, 
 or ammonia. In these cases, however, the stomach-tube is our 
 best resource. 
 
 The evacuation of the stomach may be greatly facilitated by 
 tickling the fauces with a feather, or introducing the point of 
 the finger as far back as possible and titillating the parts. If 
 
36 EMETICS. 
 
 this fails, a resort to another article of the same class will often 
 accomplish the object. 
 
 There are a few cases in which emetics are obviously inad- 
 missible, as in apoplexy, or where there is great determination 
 of blood to the head, depending upon constitutional causes; 
 pregnancy; hernia; prolapsus uteri ; active hemorrhage from the 
 lungs and uterus ; acute gastritis, &c. If emetic medicines are 
 ever allowable in these diseases it is for the most part in nauseat- 
 ing doses only. 
 
 By the frequent use of emetics the stomach acquires an in- 
 creased susceptibility to their action ; hence persons of delicate 
 habits should use them cautiously. 
 
 When excessive vomiting occurs, it may be checked by resort- 
 ing to some one or more of the following resources : — 
 
 Ice, broken into small pieces and allowed to dissolve in the 
 mouth. 
 
 Lime-water and milk, a tablespoonful of each, mixed cold 
 and given at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes. 
 
 A drop or even half a drop of creosote, mixed in a wine- 
 glass of cold water, of which give a teaspoonful every 15 or 
 20 minutes. 
 
 The infusion of camphor made with boiling water and given 
 cold, a teaspoonful frequently repeated. 
 
 Brandy and water, and clove and green tea, conduce to the 
 same. end; and where other internal means fail in irritable con- 
 stitutions, an anodyne injection will sometimes accomplish the 
 object. 
 
 Among external appliances, mustard to the epigastrium is 
 one of the best; also, spice-plasters and hot fomentations of 
 brandy and cloves. 
 
 EMETIC POWDERS. 
 
 Powder of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 9ij. 
 
 Divide it into two doses. Signa. — One to be taken in a little 
 molasses or sugar and water, and followed by a draught of 
 tepid water. If one powder does not produce the desired 
 effect, the second to be taken in like manner. 
 
 Powder of Ipecacuanha ivitli Tartarized Antimony. 
 
 K. Pulveris Ipecacuanha), 3ss. 
 
 Antiinonii ct Potassse Tartratis, gr. ij. 
 Misce,e1 divide in pulveres ij. — To be taken in the same manner 
 as the former, 
 
EMETICS. 37 
 
 Tartar emetic increases the efficacy of ipecacuanha, producing 
 a more prompt and certain effect than the latter drug. This 
 combination is an eligible one in most cases where emetics are 
 indicated. When tartar emetic is given alone, it is generally 
 in solution, a formula for which will be found below. 
 
 Powder of Alum. 
 
 R. Aluminis, 3J. 
 Fiat pulvis. 
 
 This is highly recommended by Dr. Meigs in croup. " It is 
 best given in the state of fine powder, mixed with honey, sirup 
 of any kind, or molasses." 
 
 The dose is a teaspoonful, to be repeated every fifteen minutes 
 until free emesis is produced. Meigs. 
 
 Turpeth Mineral. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Sulphatis flavi, gr.xij. 
 
 Divide in pulveres iv. 
 
 Dose, one powder for a child three years old, to be repeated, in 
 croup, every fifteen minutes, until emesis is produced. " If 
 the first dose fails, the second usually acts as soon as it touches 
 the stomach." Hubbakd. 
 
 In cases of narcotic poisoning it is necessary to resort to the 
 most prompt and certain means of evacuating the stomach. 
 Ipecacuanha was formerly thought to be a specific for poisoning 
 by opium, but experience has shown that mustard, salt, alum, 
 turpeth mineral, and the sulphates of zinc and copper are more 
 reliable. 
 
 Powder of Mustard. 
 
 R. Pulveris Sinapis, |j. 
 
 Signa. — Take a teaspoonful in a cupful of tepid water every ten 
 minutes. 
 
 This is a very prompt and safe emetic. 
 
 Emetic of Common Salt. 
 
 R. Sodii Chloridi, I]. 
 
 Signa. — Administer one-half in a cupful of warm water, and 
 repeat the dose in ten minutes. 
 
 Salt frequently proves a prompt and efficient emetic, invigor- 
 ating rather than depressing the powers of the system. 
 
38 EMETICS. 
 
 Powder of Sulphate of Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. ij. 
 
 Signa. — To be given in a little sirup and water. 
 
 This medicine is seldom employed as an emetic except in 
 those cases of poisoning where other articles have failed, or are 
 not at hand. It should be followed by a large draught of warm 
 water. All vegetable astringent infusions are incompatible 
 substances. 
 
 Powder of Sulphate of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. x. vel 3ss. 
 
 Signa. — To be taken in molasses, and followed by a draught of 
 warm water. 
 
 This medicine is very prompt in its operation and very 
 generally employed in cases of poisoning. It is also used as a 
 nauseating remedy in phthisis; and both as an emetic and 
 tonic in dyspepsia. The stomach is said to be invigorated, 
 rather than exhausted by its operation. 
 
 Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calomel. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, gr. viij. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. v. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 This powder generally proves both emetic and purgative in 
 
 a child five years old. 
 
 < 
 
 Powder of Ipecacuanha with Rhubarh. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 
 
 Khei, aa 9j. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — To be taken in sirup. 
 
 More or less purging will generally follow the emetic opera- 
 tion of this dose. 
 
 EMETIC WINES AND TINCTURES. 
 
 Wine of Ipecacuanha with Antimony. 
 
 R. Yini [pecacuanhae, fSj. 
 
 Ant iinonii et PotasS89 Tartratis, gr. j. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa,— A teaspoonful to be taken every ten or 
 fifteen minutes, until vomiting is induced, which may be 
 assisted with tepid drinks. 
 
EMETICS. 39 
 
 Antimonial Wine. 
 
 R. Villi Antimonii, f 3j. 
 
 Signa. — A teaspoonful to be taken every ten or fifteen minutes, 
 until free emesis is effected. 
 
 If antimonial wine is given for the purpose of producing 
 speedy vomiting, we may safely give half an ounce of it at once ; 
 and in the croup of infants, twenty drops every fifteen minutes, 
 until the medicine operates, is a safe dose. 
 
 Tincture of American Hellebore. 
 
 R. Eadicis Yeratri Viridis, 3viij. 
 Alcoholis, Oj. 
 
 Macera per dies decern, vel quatuordecim, et exprime. 
 
 Signa. — Dose for an adult, six to eight drops every three hours, 
 and to be increased one or two drops each dose, until nausea, 
 vomiting, or a reduction of the frequency of the pulse takes 
 place. Then reduce to one-half in all cases. Norwood. 
 
 Dr. Norwood describes this article as a good diaphoretic, a 
 prompt and efficient emetic, and an arterial sedative of the first 
 rank. He recommends its use in hooping-cough, croup, inflam- 
 mation of the lungs, and typhoid fever. — Southern Med. and 
 Surg. Journal, Jan. 1853. 
 
 Tincture of Lobelia. 
 
 R. Tincturse Lobelise, f 3j. 
 
 Signa. — Give a teaspoonful every two hours in asthma. 
 
 This quantity will produce distressing nausea in other dis- 
 eases, and sometimes will even cause vomiting. 
 
 EMETIC SOLUTIONS AND MIXTUEES. 
 
 Solution of Tartrate of Antimony. 
 R. Antimonii et Potassse Tartratis, gr. iv. 
 Sacchari, 5j- 
 Aquae destillataa, f^iv. 
 Misce, et fiat solutio. — A tablespoonful to be given every ten or 
 fifteen minutes, until it operates freely. 
 
 Solution of Suljohccte of Zinc and Alum. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, Jiss. 
 
 Aluminis, 3ss. 
 
 Aquse ferventis, Oss. 
 Misce. — Let the solution be filtered through blotting-paper. — A 
 
40 EMETICS. 
 
 tablespoonful for adults, and a teaspoonful for a child of six 
 months old (and so on in proportion to the strength and age 
 of the patient), every morning upon an empty stomach. 
 
 This is the celebrated solutio vitriolica of Dr. Mosely, who 
 principally employed it in dysentery and phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Solution of Emetia. 
 
 R. Emetine fuscas, gr. iv. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f Jij. 
 
 Syrupi, f ^ss. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Give two teaspoonsful every half hour. 
 Emetia is destitute of the peculiar odor and nauseous taste of 
 ipecacuanha, and may therefore be preferable in some cases. 
 
 It will be observed that we have introduced the impure or 
 colored emetia, which is much less energetic than the perfectly 
 white alkali. The best antidote for an overdose, is a strong 
 infusion of nuto^alls. 
 
 Mixture of Ipecacuanha, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 3ss. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. j. 
 Tincturas Scillas, f^j. 
 Aquas destillatas, f^vij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Four tablespoon sful at first ; afterwards 
 two tablespoonsful every ten minutes until vomiting is in- 
 duced. 
 
 This mixture is recommended in dropsies previously to giving 
 digitalis. 
 
 Infusion of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 3ij. 
 Aquas bullientis, f3vj. 
 
 Macerate for one hour and filter. — Of this from one to two table- 
 spoonsful may be given every half hour, until it excites 
 vomiting. 
 
 Infusion of Lobelia Injlata, or Indian Tohacco. 
 R. Lobelias, §j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusio. Signa. —A small wineglassful may be taken every 
 half hour, until vomiting succeeds. 
 
 This remedy is too hazardous and distressing for ordinary 
 but in asthma, and some spasmodic affections, much bene- 
 
EMETICS. 41 
 
 fit is often experienced. It should, however, be administered 
 with extreme caution. 
 
 Infusion of Tobacco. 
 
 R. Tabaci, 3j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 Macera per horam unam in vase leviter clauso, et cola. 
 
 This infusion is characterized by the nausea and depression 
 following its administration. It is only used for strangulated 
 hernia, to reduce dislocations, for obstinate colic, and in spasm 
 of the urethra. One-half of the above may be employed at 
 one time as an enema, to be followed by the remaining portion 
 in thirty minutes, if sufficient relaxation is not produced. One 
 or two tablespoonsful by the mouth generally prove emetic. 
 
 Sirup of Seneha and Squills. 
 
 R. Syrupi Scillas Compositi, f^j. 
 
 Signa. — Give from ten drops to a teaspoonful, every quarter or 
 
 half hour, or hour, according to the age of the patient and 
 
 violence of the disease. 
 
 This is the hive sirup of Dr. Coxe ; it has acquired much con- 
 fidence from its efficacy in croup ; and should it not be suffi- 
 ciently active in this violent disease, a grain of tartrate of 
 antimony may be added to each ounce. 
 
 Sirup of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Syrupi Ipecacuanhas, f^j. 
 
 Signa. — Give a teaspoonful to a child two years old, every fifteen 
 
 minutes until it proves emetic. 
 
 As one fluidounce'only represents fifteen grains of the pow- 
 dered root, this must be considered a weak preparation. The 
 following formula employed in New York, I consider better : 
 When made it affords three pints of sirup, which keeps well 
 without crystallization. A fluidounce of this sirup is equiva- 
 lent to one dram of powdered ipecacuanha. 
 
 Sirup of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 "R. Take of Ipecacuanha, bruised, six ounces (troy), 
 
 Alcohol, one pint and a half 
 
 Water, one pint. 
 Mix, to form a tincture. Digest for ten days, filter and add one 
 pint of water by way of displacement, evaporate in a water 
 
-12 • EMETICS. 
 
 batli to two pints, add immediately, of refined sugar, three 
 pounds and a quarter (troy) and bring to the boiling point." 
 
 COGGESHALL. 
 
 The dose as an emetic, and modes of using, are the same as 
 above. Editoe. 
 
 VARIOUS EMETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Tartar Emetic and Quinia. 
 
 B. Antimonii et Potassoe Tartratis, gr. iij. 
 Quinia) Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 
 Misce, et divide in partes vj. equales. — This preparation is com- 
 mended hy Dr. Grola as successful in intermittent fever, when 
 quinia alone produced no favorable result. He directs a 
 powder to be given every two hours during the apyrexia. 
 It causes both emesis and alvine evacuations, and prevents 
 the recurrence of the paroxysm. 
 
 Emetic Lozenges of Emetia. 
 
 B. Sacchari, j|ij. 
 
 Emetiae Impurae, gr. xxxij. 
 
 Misce, et fiant trochisci singuli gr. xviij. 
 
 One of these lozenges, taken fasting, will generally produce 
 vomiting in children. Three or four will speedily excite it 
 in adults. Magendie. 
 
 Tobacco Poultice. 
 
 R. Tabaci, Ij. 
 
 To be beat up with sufficient water to form a cataplasm, and ap- 
 plied to the region of the stomach, when emetics cannot be 
 administered by the mouth. A dram or two of snuff mixed 
 with lard, or a single tobacco-leaf bruised and softened with 
 hot water and applied over the sternum of a child in croup, 
 usually provokes vomiting. The utmost care should be taken 
 to guard against the violent effects of tobacco, even when 
 thus externally applied. 
 
CLASS II 
 
 CATHARTICS. 
 
 As a general rule it may be observed of cathartics that they 
 are capable of fulfilling three different indications: 1. Simply 
 to evacuate the bowels; 2. To excite an increased discharge 
 from the mucous coat of the intestines ; and 3. To stimulate the 
 neighboring viscera, and cause them to secrete a greater quan- 
 tity of their peculiar fluids. It seldom or perhaps never hap- 
 pens that the same article will produce these three different 
 effects ; and in order to accomplish them, we must combine 
 different substances in one formula. 
 
 There are some, as magnesia, that produce their effect by 
 absorbing the acid generated in the alimentary canal, and thus 
 become converted into a purgative salt. There are others, as 
 aloes, that expend their principal force upon the rectum and 
 great intestines, and for this reason are very advantageously 
 employed in diseases of the lower bowels and of the uterus and 
 its appendages. 
 
 These remedies should always be given on an empty stomach ; 
 if administered immediately after a full meal, they arrest the di- 
 gestive process, are liable to produce nausea, if not vomiting, 
 and do not open the bowels with the same certainty or effect. 
 When simple costiveness is to be removed, the evening may be 
 selected for the exhibition of a cathartic. 
 
 If this should not prove sufficient, we can repeat the dose in 
 the morning and at regular intervals through the day until the 
 effect is produced. The principle, says Dr. Paris, which should 
 govern our conduct in the administration of purgatives, may be 
 briefly stated: The excitement is to he repeated till the requisite 
 action is induced, yet no single excitement being such as may prove 
 an irritant to the organ. 
 
 But in the treatment of many diseases, it is preferable to purge 
 through the day, in order that the sleep of the patient may not 
 be disturbed at night. 
 
44 CATHARTICS. 
 
 The operation of these remedies may be very much accelerated 
 by the free exhibition of diluent drinks, such as gruel, barley 
 water, &c. &c. 
 
 By combination we are enabled to modify and control the 
 action of many remedies, and some of the most drastic purga- 
 tives may be made to operate mildly and yet certainly by uniting 
 several of them in the same dose. 
 
 The addition of an emetic substance, such as tartar emetic, 
 or ipecacuanha, in small quantities, gives activity to the com- 
 bination, while it modifies the harshness of the drastic purga- 
 tives. 
 
 Finally, the operation of a cathartic may often be promoted 
 by judicious venesection ; and if spasm of the intestines be 
 present, opium may be advantageously joined with the purga- 
 tive. 
 
 PURGATIVE POWDERS. 
 
 Powder with Calomel and Jala]). 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. v. 
 
 Pulveris Jalapas, gr. x. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be given in molasses or sirup. 
 
 Powder with Calomel and Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Pulveris Rhei, aa gr. v. 
 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be given in molasses. 
 
 Powder with Calomel and Soda. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. viij. 
 
 SodaB Bicarbonatis, gr. xij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be given in molasses. 
 
 Tli is combination forms a safe and mild purgative. Nausea 
 seldom follows its administration. 
 
 Powder with Calomel, Jalap, and Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. v. 
 Pulveris Jalapa^ 
 
 Rhei, aa gr. v. 
 
 Olei ( linnamomi, gtt. j. 
 
 Signa, — To be given as the former. 
 
CATHARTICS. 45 
 
 Powder with Rhubarb and Magnesia. 
 
 R. Pulveris Khei, 3j. 
 
 Magnesias, 9ss. 
 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be given in sirup, or sugar and water. 
 
 Calcined Magnesia. 
 R. MagnesiaB, 3j- 
 
 R. Magnesias (Henry), 3j. 
 
 R. Magnesias (Husband), 3j. 
 
 R. Magnesias (Ellis), 3j. 
 
 Magnesia is an antacid, and laxative, much used in the 
 diseases of women and children. The lightness and consequent 
 great bulk of the officinal powder, constitute serious objections 
 to its use. To obviate these, Henry of England, and Thos. J. 
 Husband, and Chas. Ellis and Co. of this city, have severally 
 prepared a heavy magnesia as a substitute. Henry's magnesia 
 has long been favorably known; Husband's and Ellis's are 
 entitled to equal consideration with the imported article, since 
 the experiments of Prof. Procter have shown that, for forming 
 liquid mixtures, and for rapidity of antacid action, they are 
 equal if not preferable to it. 
 
 Dose of either, from thirty grains to a dram, in milk or 
 water. The operation of magnesia, when it meets with no acid 
 in the bowels, is promoted by giving the patient lemonade. 
 
 Powder of Jalap and Or earn of Tartar. 
 
 R. Pulveris Jalapas, 3j. 
 Potassas Bitartratis, 3vj. 
 
 Misce, et divide in chartulas vj. 
 
 Signa. — Give one powder every three hours in molasses. This 
 powder is a hydragogue cathartic. "It constitutes one of 
 the best medicines which I have ever tried, as well in drop- 
 sical as in all other cases, where long-continued purging is 
 demanded." Chapman. 
 
 Compound Powder of Jalap and Gamboge. 
 
 E. Pulveris Jalapas Compositi, 3iij. 
 
 Gambogias, gr. vj. 
 
 Misce, et divide in chartulas vj. 
 
 Signa. — Give one powder every two hours in molasses or sirup. 
 
46 CATHAETICS. 
 
 The compound powder of jalap has long been celebrated in 
 dropsical affections ; but it also forms a very convenient purge 
 in many inflammatory cases. In order to increase its certainty 
 and activity, we may conveniently add the Gamboge, as in the 
 above formula. 
 
 Powder of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar. 
 
 R. Sulphur is loti, §ss. 
 
 Potassas Bitartratis, Ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Mix in a sufficient quantity of molasses, and 
 
 give a teaspoonful three or four times a day to children. In 
 
 some diseases of the skin. 
 
 It should be always recollected that sulphur promotes in- 
 sensible perspiration in a very marked degree, and hence ren- 
 ders the patient more liable to be affected by vicissitudes of 
 climate. 
 
 Powder with Milk of Sulphur and Calcined Magnesia. 
 
 ~R. Sulphuris prascipitati, 
 
 Magnesias, aa *ss. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful to be taken three or four times 
 a day. 
 
 This preparation is better adapted to delicate stomachs than 
 the former. Either of them forms a good aperient during an 
 alterative course of medicine. Chapman. 
 
 Seidlitz Powders. 
 
 R. Sodse et Potassao Tartratis, 3\j. 
 
 Sodae Bicarbonatis, 9ij. 
 Fiat pulvis. Signa. To be dissolved in half a tumbler of cold 
 water. 
 
 R. Acidi Tartarici pulverizati, gr. xxv. 
 
 Signa. — Dissolve in an equal quantity of water with the above, 
 and mix them both together. To be taken while in a state 
 
 o 
 
 of effervescence. 
 
 This is a very popular medicine, and justly so ; it is a gentle 
 aperient, and may be taken by persons whose stomachs would 
 reject any of the ordinary saline preparations. 
 
 Soda Powders. 
 
 $c. Soda; Bicarbonatis, 5ss. 
 
 Signa. — To be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water. 
 
CATHARTICS. 47 
 
 R. Acidi Tartar ici, gr. xxv. 
 
 Signa. — Dissolve in the same quantity of sweetened water, 
 flavored with two drops of essence of lemon. 
 
 Mix the two solutions, and drink in a state of effervescence. 
 These effervescing drinks, in addition to their laxative effects, 
 allay thirst, check sickness of stomach, and diminish febrile 
 heat. 
 
 Stevens's Saline Powders. 
 
 R. Sodae Bicarbonatis, 3ss. 
 
 Sodii Chloricli, 9j. 
 
 Potassae Chloratis, gr. vij. 
 Misce. 
 
 This powder was administered by Dr. Stevens in half a tum- 
 bler of tepid water, or a little thin beef tea, in cholera, and re- 
 peated every half hour until the patient recovered from the 
 collapse. 
 
 PURGATIVE PILLS. 
 
 Griffitts's Cathartic Pills. 
 
 R. Pulveris Jalapge, 
 
 Rhei, 
 
 Saponis, aa 3ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xxv. 
 Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, gr. jss. 
 Aqn.33 destillatas, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa. Divide in 
 pilulas xxv. 
 Signa. — Two of these pills may be taken at once, and repeated 
 in two hours, if not sufficient. 
 
 This combination of purgatives with the tartrate of antimony, 
 forms an excellent antibilious remedy ; and, in cases of fever, 
 prepares the alimentary canal for the reception of other reme- 
 dies. 
 
 Pills of Blue Mass, Aloes, &c. 
 
 R. Pilulas Hydrargyri, 
 
 Pulveris Jalapas, 
 
 Aloes, aa gr. xv. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa. Divide in pilulas xij. 
 Signa. — Three may be taken at night, and the same dose re- 
 peated in the morning, if the first is ineffectual. 
 
48 CATHARTICS. 
 
 Pills of Blue Mass, Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Pilules Hydrargyri, gr. ix. 
 Pulveris Eliei, 
 
 Sodas Bicarbonatis, aa gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi Khei Aromatici, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas xij. 
 dividenda. 
 Signa. — One, twice or three times a day, as an alterative, in 
 derangement of the liver. Dr. Hartshorne. 
 
 Pills of Blue Mass, and Colocyntli. 
 
 R. Pilulas Hydrargyri, 
 
 Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, aa gr. v. 
 ' Olei Cari, gtt. ij. 
 Misce, et fiant pilulas ij. 
 
 These constitute an active cathartic. 
 
 Pills of Calomel and Colocyntli. 
 
 R. Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, gr. xlviij. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 9j. 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xx. 
 Signa. — Two or three of these pills will generally act as a ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 Pills of Extract of May -Apple and Podopliyllin. 
 
 K. Extracti Poclophylli, 3ss. 
 
 Podopliyllin {Merrill, Parrish), gr. x. 
 Misce, et flat massa in pilulas x. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Give one pill every three hours. 
 
 Podopliyllin is a composite principle, lately reintroduced 
 into notice by W. S. Merrill, of Cincinnati, and Edward Parrish, 
 of Philadelphia. It is spoken of as a chologogue cathartic. It 
 certainly does operate promptly, and sometimes harshly on the 
 bowels, in the dose of one or two grains. Editor. 
 
 Anti- Gout Pill. 
 
 H. Extracti Colchici Acetici, 
 
 Colocynthidis Compositi, aa gr. x. 
 
 Morphia Muriatis, gr. ijss. 
 Misce, < >4 fiat massa in pilulas x. dividenda. 
 
 This lb a useful anti-gout pill; one adapted to mitigate an 
 actual paroxysm. One pill should be given every two hours, 
 until the bowels and kidneys arc acted on. Kobert Dick. 
 
CATHARTICS. 49 
 
 Pills with Extract of Butternut and Jalap. 
 
 R. Extracti Juglandis, 3ss. 
 Pulveris Jalapas, 9j. 
 Saponis, gr. x. 
 Misce, et nant pilulse xv. 
 
 Signa. — Three or four of these may be taken for a dose, and if 
 they do not operate, two or more may be safely administered. 
 
 The extract of butternut, either alone or in combination, is 
 highly recommended as a cathartic in fevers, dysentery, &c. 
 
 Pills of Compound Extract of Golocynt\ <£*c, commonly called 
 FoikergiWs Pills. 
 
 R. Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, 3iss. 
 Antimonii Oxidi, Ed. 5ss. 
 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx. — One of these pills will gene- 
 rally produce a free evacuation ; but two or more may be 
 taken when required. 
 
 Pills of Compound Extract of Cohcynth, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, 9j. 
 
 Resinse Jalapse, Ed. gr. vj. 
 
 Pulveris Scammonii Compositi, Lond. gr. x. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. x. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, gr. j. 
 
 Saponis, gr. v. 
 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. iv. 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xv. 
 Signa. — One, two, or three to be taken at bedtime. 
 
 Dr. Meigs. 
 
 MtcheWs Pills. 
 
 R. Pulveris Rhei, Biv. 
 
 Aloes, 9ij. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. iv. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, gr. ij. 
 Fiat pulvis, et adde — 
 
 Saponis, in pulverem, 9ij. 
 
 Aquae, q. s. ut flat massa. Divide in pilulas xl. 
 Signa. — Take one pill every night as a laxative, or three pills 
 as a purgative. J. K. Mitchell. 
 
50 CATHAETICS. 
 
 Pills of Elaterium. 
 R. Elaterii, gr. ij. 
 
 Extracti Gentiana?, £ss. 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xvj. 
 
 Signa. — Give one pill every three hours, until free purging 
 takes place. Elaterin, the active principle of this drug, can 
 now be procured in a state of purity; and as it is more certain 
 in its effects, a formula is subjoined under the head of purga- 
 tive wines and tinctures. 
 
 Pills of Groton Oil. 
 R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. ij. 
 
 Micoe Panis, q. s. ut fiant pilulae iv. 
 Signa. — One every hour until they operate. 
 
 This powerful remedy has lately been restored to the materia 
 medica. One drop is a full dose, and frequently less will answer 
 every purpose. 
 
 The following is a more certain and less drastic mode of ex- 
 hibiting Croton Oil. 
 
 Pills of Croton Oil and Colocynih. 
 
 R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. ij. 
 
 Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, gr. xij. 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas iv. 
 Signa. — Give one pill every two hours. 
 
 Another Form. 
 
 R. Extracti Colocynthidis Compositi, gr. 1. 
 
 Saponis, gr. x. 
 
 Olei Tiglii, gtt. ij. 
 Misce, flat massa in pilulas, xij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take one pill occasionally. Brodie. 
 
 Antibilious Pills. 
 R. Pilulse Cathartics Composite, No. iij. 
 
 One pill often acts as a laxative, and three as a purgative. 
 Each pill contains one grain of calomel. 
 
 Peristaltic Persuaders. 
 
 R. Pulveris Phei, 3j- 
 
 Ipecacuanha, gr. x. 
 
 Olei Cari, gtt. x. 
 
 Pulveris Acacia3, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xx. 
 Signa, — Take two pills at bedtime, in obstinate constipation. 
 
CATHARTICS. 51 
 
 Dr. Chapman also highly recommends the use of ten drops 
 of the wine of colchicum root, every four hours, in the same 
 complaint. Chapman. 
 
 VAKIOUS ALOBTIC PILLS. 
 
 Pills of Aloes with Soap. 
 R. Pilulse Aloes, No. v. 
 Each pill contains two grains of aloes. 
 
 Pills of Aloes and Assafetida. 
 R. Pilulse Aloes et Assafcetidse, No. iij. 
 
 Each pill contains one and a third grains of the respective 
 ingredients. 
 
 Rufush Pills. 
 R. Pilulse Aloes et Myrrhse, No. iij. 
 
 Each pill contains two grains of aloes, one of myrrh, and 
 half a grain of saffron. 
 
 Pills of Rhubarb, Aloes, and Myrrh. 
 R. Pilulse Ehei Composite, No. iij. 
 
 Each pill contains two grains of rhubarb, one and a half 
 grains of aloes, and one grain of myrrh. 
 
 Aperient Pills. 
 R. Pulveris Aloes, 
 
 Ehei, aa 5j- 
 
 Ipecacuanha, gr. vj. 
 
 Saponis, 9j. 
 
 Aquae, q. s. 
 Fiant pilulse lx. 
 
 As a simple aperient, one may be taken every night at bed- 
 time ; but where a full purgative effect is desirable, the dose is 
 two or three. 
 
 Pills with Aloes, Gentian, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Aloes, 5j. 
 
 Extracti Gentianse, Jss. 
 
 Olei Cari, gtt. x. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut flat massa, in pilulas singulas grana quatuor 
 pendentes, dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take two or three pills for a dose. 
 
52 CATHARTICS. 
 
 Pills with Aloes, Guaiacum, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci, 3j- 
 
 Aloes, gr. xxxvj. 
 
 — Rhei, gij. 
 
 Terebinthinee Canadensis, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa in 
 pilulas xlviij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — One to be taken every three hours. 
 
 This combination forms a highly stimulating cathartic. 
 
 Hooper's, Anderson's, Webster's, and Morrison's Pills, which 
 enjoy so high a reputation with the public, depend in a great 
 measure for their efficacy on the presence of aloes. 
 
 Pills of Rhubarb and Sulphate of Iron. 
 
 B. Pulveris Ehei, 5iss. 
 Ferri Sulphatis, 5ss. 
 Saponis, 9ij. 
 Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulas xl. dividenda. 
 
 The intention of these pills is obviously to remove costive- 
 ness, and impart tone to the bowels. They were a favorite me- 
 dicine with Dr. Griffitts, late of this city. Three or four may 
 be taken for a dose at bedtime. 
 
 Pills of Ox Gall 
 
 R. Fellis Bovini inspissati, 3y- 
 
 Olei Cari, gtt. x. 
 
 Magnesias Carbonatis, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas xxxvj. 
 dividenda. 
 Signa, — Take two pills three times daily. Clay. 
 
 Ox gall has again been brought forward as a remedy in dys- 
 pepsia and obstinate constipation. Its advocates claim for it 
 certainty of action, attended with little pain or griping. 
 
 PURGATIVE CONFECTIONS AND ELECTUARIES. 
 
 Lenitive Electuary. 
 
 li. C< afectionis Senna?, 3j. 
 
 Signa. — Take a piece the size of a marble, night and mornin< 
 in costiveness. 
 
CATHAETICS. 53 
 
 Confection of Sulphur. 
 B. Sulphuris loti, 3iss. 
 Confectionis Sennas, iij. 
 Potassas Mtratis, 5j- 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, q. s. ut fiat confectio. 
 Signa. — One or two drams may be taken once or twice a day. 
 In hemorrhoidal affections. 
 
 Electuary of Senna and Figs. 
 
 B. Pulveris Sennas, 3ss. 
 
 Pulp as Ficus, quantum sufncit ut fiat electuarium. 
 Signa. — A piece the size of a marble, night and morning, in 
 costiveness. 
 
 Electuary with Jalap, Nitrate of Potash, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Jalap as, 
 Potassas Bitartratis, 
 
 Mtratis, aa Iss. 
 
 Confectionis Sennas, 5j. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat electuarium. Of which a bolus the size 
 of a hazel-nut may be taken three or four times a day. 
 
 This preparation once gained considerable celebrity as a 
 popular remedy for hemorrhoids. 
 
 Confection of Sulphur, Guaiac, &c. 
 B. Sulphuris, §ij. 
 
 Potassas Bitartratis, ^j. 
 
 Pulveris Ghiaiaci, 3j. 
 
 — — — - Khei, 3ij. 
 
 Spiritus Myristicas, f5ij. 
 
 Mellis, quantum sufiicit, ut fiat electuarium. 
 Signa. — Take one or two teaspoonfuls morning and evening. 
 
 This preparation has long been used successfully in England 
 in the treatment of chronic rheumatism. 
 
 PURGATIVE EMULSIONS. 
 
 Oleaginous Mixture. 
 B. Pulveris Acacias, 3iij. 
 
 Aquas, fjij. 
 
 Olei Eicini, Ij. 
 
 Aquas Cinnamomi, vel 
 
 Menthas Viridis, f 3j. 
 
 Misce secundum artem. 
 
 Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
54 CATHARTICS. 
 
 Sugar is generally prescribed, but the mixture remains more 
 uniform without it. The compounder should mix the gum 
 arabic with sufficient water to form a thick mucilage, and then 
 rub in small portions of the oil and water until the whole is 
 suspended. Finally, add the cinnamon or mint-water, and shake 
 well together. 
 
 'o v 
 
 Another Form for Children. 
 
 B. Olei Eicini, 3ij. vel 3ss. 
 
 Yitellum ITnius Ovi, 
 
 Aquae Foeniculi, 
 
 Menthae Yiridis, aa Oj. 
 
 Fiat emulsio. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful morning and night to 
 a child three months old. 
 
 Another Form. 
 
 R. Mucilaginis Acaciae, f^j. 
 Olei Eicini, 3j. 
 Aquae Menthae Yiridis, f 3ij. 
 Mix the oil and mucilage, add the mint-water, and shake well 
 
 together. 
 Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 Mixture of Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 tt. Olei Terebinth inae, f^j. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 3iij- 
 
 Aquae Menthae Yiridis, f^iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours until it ope- 
 rates. 
 
 This preparation must be made in the same manner as the 
 oleaginous mixture. 
 
 Mixture of Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 K. Olei Terebinthinae, fsj. 
 
 Yitellum Unius Ovi, 
 Tere simul, et adde gradatim — 
 
 Misturao Amygdalae, f|iv. 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f5ij. 
 
 Spiritfis Lavandulae Compositi, f3jss. 
 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. iv. 
 Misce, et fiat emulsio. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two 
 hours. 
 
CATHARTICS. 55 
 
 Oleaginous Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 R. Olei Eicini, f^iss. 
 
 Vitellum Ovi, j. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 
 Olei Terebinthinas, flss. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Viridis, fjiv. 
 Misce optime. Signa. — A large tablespoonful may be taken 
 every hour or two, according to circumstances. 
 
 This preparation is much used by some of our best practi- 
 tioners in cases requiring a brisk and stimulating cathartic. It 
 has also been recommended as a purgative after the effects of an 
 overdose of opium have been partially subdued by preliminary 
 remedies. 
 
 Mixture of Croton Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. j. vel ij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, 
 
 Aquas destillatas, aa f^j. 
 Misce. Signa. — To take a teaspoonful every two hours until it 
 operates. 
 
 Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. viij. 
 Potassas, gr. yj. 
 Aquas destillatas, fsij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — From three to six drops may be given for 
 a dose. 
 
 This is a substitute for the soap of croton oil proposed by the 
 French, which is more troublesome to make. 
 
 Mr. Conwel states that four drops of this oil rubbed on and 
 round the umbilicus, will produce a cathartic effect ; even the 
 odor of it has been known to excite the alimentary canal, either 
 as an emetic or purgative. 
 
 PURGATIVE MIXTURES. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia, and Tartar Emetic. 
 
 R. Magnesias Sulphatis, 3j. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. ss. 
 Aquas destillatas, fSiij. 
 Succi Limonis recentis, f^j. 
 Misce, et fiat solutio. — A tablespoonful to be given every two 
 hours until it operates. Or one-half may be taken as a pur- 
 gative dose. 
 
56 CATHARTICS. 
 
 Solution of Epsom Salts vriih Nitric Acid. ' 
 
 R. Magnesias Sulphatis, 3ss. 
 Tincturae Jalapae, f5j. 
 Acidi Mtrici, gtt. ij. 
 Aquae Menthae Viridis, f §ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be taken for a draught. The nitric acid is 
 said to destroy in a great measure the bitter taste of the 
 salt. 
 
 Mixture of Carbonate of Magnesia, &c. 
 
 R. Magnesias Carbonatis, 5ss. 
 
 Sulphatis, 3iij- 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, f3j. 
 
 Tinctures Ehei, f 3ss. 
 
 Hyoscyami, f 3ss. 
 
 Aquas Menthae Yiridis, f^iv. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A large tablespoonful to be taken two 
 or three times a day. Dr. Meigs. 
 
 Mixture of Magnesia and Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Magnesias, 3ss. 
 
 Pulveris Rhei, gr. ij. 
 
 Sacchari, 3j- 
 
 Tincturae 01 ei Menthae Piperitas, gtt. vj. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f Jiss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A teaspoonful to be given every two 
 hours to children, until it operates. 
 
 This preparation is designed for the bowel complaints of chil- 
 dren, in which it is very serviceable. Laudanum can be added 
 according to the age and condition of the patient. 
 
 Magnesia and Blue Pill. 
 
 R. Magnesias, 3iss. 
 
 Acacias, 
 
 Sacchari, aa q. s. 
 
 Aquae, f^iv. 
 
 Pilulae Ilydrargyri, gr. iv. vel viij. 
 
 Olei A nisi, gtt. iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — To take a tablespoonful every two hours until 
 it operates freely. An alterative cathartic. 
 
CATHAETICS. 57 
 
 Magnesia and Golchicum. 
 
 B. Magnesias, 3j- 
 
 Sacchari, 
 
 Acacias, aa q. s. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f si v. 
 
 Yini Colchici Eadicis, gtt. xl. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — To take a tablespoonful every two hours 
 until it operates. 
 
 This preparation is much used in gouty and rheumatic affec- 
 tions. Laudanum can be added if requisite. 
 
 Scudamords Mixture of Golchicum and Epsom Salts. 
 
 R. Magnesias, 9iv. 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, |j. 
 Aquas Menthas Yiridis, f 3v. 
 Aceti Colchici, fjfss. 
 Syrupi, fgj. 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, one, two, or three tablespoonfuls, repeated 
 every two hours, until four or six evacuations are produced 
 in twenty-four hours. Chiefly used in gouty paroxysms. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Ver atria. 
 
 B. Veratrias Sulphatis, gr. j. 
 Aquas destillatas, f Jij. 
 
 Fiat solutio. Dose, a dessertspoonful. This solution is said to 
 be a good substitute for the Eau Medicinale of Husson, in 
 gouty affections. Magendie. 
 
 Solution of Gitrate of Magnesia. 
 
 B. Liquoris Magnesias Citratis, f^xij. 
 
 Signa. — Take one-half at a draught, and repeat in two hours, if 
 
 necessary. 
 
 From its resemblance to lemonade in taste, this constitutes 
 one of the most pleasant laxatives now in use. A child five 
 years old, may take a wineglassful as a dose. 
 
 The country practitioner can make a good approximation by 
 neutralizing carbonate of magnesia with citric acid, in the pro- 
 portion of fourteen parts of the former to twenty parts of the 
 latter, and flavoring the solution with lemon sirup. 
 
 Half an ounce of the neutral salt of citrate of magnesia con- 
 stitutes a dose. 
 
58 CATHAETICS. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Senna. 
 
 R. Extracti Sennae Fluidi, f ,lj. 
 
 Signa. — Give a tablespoonful. Charles Ellis. 
 
 The fluid extracts, of which a few are officinal, are intended 
 to combine strength, smallness of dose, facility of administration, 
 and permanency, in one preparation. They have become quite 
 popular with the profession in most of the large cities, and hence 
 there is an obvious propriety in making them officinal. 
 
 The fluid extract of senna is a safe, and tolerably certain 
 purgative. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. 
 
 B. Extracti Ehei Fluidi, fgj. 
 
 Signa. — Give half a teaspoonful night and morning. 
 
 One fluidram of the extract represents one dram of rhu- 
 barb. 
 
 Sulphate of Potash and Jalap Mixture. 
 
 B. Potassae Sulphatis, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae, f Jvss. 
 
 Tincturae Jalapas, f 3ss. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours ; 
 a mild purgative, and deobstruent. 
 
 PUKGATIVE INFUSIONS AND DECOCTIONS. 
 
 Infusion of Senna, Sulphate of Magnesia, &c. 
 
 B. Sennae, oSS. 
 
 Mannae optimae, 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, aa Ij. 
 
 Cardamomi, 3ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be infused in a pint of boiling water until 
 cold, and half a teacupful given every hour until it operates. 
 
 Infusion and Tincture of Senna, Salts, &c. 
 
 B. InfusL Sennae, f 3yj. 
 Tincturae Sennae, f 3ij. 
 Mannae, 3ij- 
 
 Magnesiae Sulphatis, *ss. 
 Aqua; Menthae Viridis, 
 
 destillatae, aaf^iss. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — One-half to be taken for a dose, and repeated if 
 it does not operate. This was a very common prescription 
 of the late Mr. Abcrnethy, of London. 
 
CATHAETICS. 59 
 
 Infusion of Senna and Manna. 
 
 R. Sennae, 3yj. 
 Mannae, %j. 
 Cardamomi, £ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be infused in a pint of boiling water until 
 cold ; one-half to be taken at once ; and if insufficient, the 
 remainder in two or three hours. 
 
 This infusion will keep longer if a little tincture of senna be 
 added to it. 
 
 Decoction of Prunes and Senna. 
 
 R. Pruni, £iij. 
 
 Infusi Sennse, Oiij. 
 Decoque ad libras duas. 
 
 In making this decoction, the coriander seed directed in the 
 officinal infusion of senna, had better be omitted until near the 
 close of the process. This forms a good laxative for pregnant 
 women. 
 
 Infusion of Senna with Rhubarh, &c. 
 
 R. Sennas, 3yj. 
 
 Mannas, Ij. 
 
 Ehei contusi, 5ij- 
 
 Cardamomi, 5ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be infused in a pint of boiling water for one 
 hour. Half a teacupful given every hour till it operates. 
 
 Decoction of Aloes, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Glycyrrhizae, Sss. 
 
 Potassae Carbonatis, 9ij. 
 
 Aloes, 1 
 
 Myrrhae contritaa, >aa 3j. 
 
 Croci, J 
 
 Tincturas Cardamomi Composite, f 5iv. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, Oj. 
 Boil down all the ingredients, except the last, with the water to 
 twelve fluidounces, and strain ; then add the compound tinc- 
 ture of cardamom. The dose of this decoction is from half 
 an ounce to an ounce and a half. It is a mild, warm 
 cathartic. 
 
60 CATHARTICS. 
 
 PUKGATIYE WINES AND TINCTUKES. 
 
 Wine of Colchicum Root. 
 
 R. Yini Colchici Kadicis, f 3ss. 
 
 Signa. — Ten or twenty drops of this may be taken in sugar 
 and water, morning, noon, and night. The preparations of 
 colchicum not unfrequently produce violent vomiting, and 
 require to be continued with great caution. Used in rheuma- 
 tism and gout. 
 
 There are two vinous preparations of colchicum, the wine of 
 the root or corm, which is a saturated one given as above, and 
 the wine of the seeds, which is only about half as strong, and 
 may be given in the dose of a teaspoonful. The two should be 
 carefully designated in prescriptions by their respective termi- 
 nations, " Kadicis," and " Seminis." 
 
 Tincture of Yeratria. 
 
 R. Yeratrise, gr. iv. 
 Alcoholis, f E}. 
 
 Fiat tinctura. — This may be given in doses of ten, fifteen, or 
 twenty drops, in a wineglass of water. It is designed as a 
 substitute for the Yinous Tincture of Colchicum, in dropsies, 
 gout, rheumatism, &c. 
 
 The Tincture of Yeratria is recommended as an external 
 application in the diseases above mentioned. For this purpose 
 also the ointment is proposed. 
 
 Yeratria is extremely poisonous, and, therefore, to be taken 
 with great caution. 
 
 Tincture of Elaterin. 
 
 R. Elaterin, gr. j. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 3J. 
 Solve, dein adde — 
 
 Acidi Nitrici, gtt. iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — Dose, twenty to forty drops in cinnamon water. 
 
 Morris. 
 
 Tincture of Croton Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. iv. 
 
 Tinctura- Myrrhoo, f^j. 
 Misce, <liirere, et cola. 
 Signa. — Dose, one teaspoonful. Bateman. 
 
ENEMATA. 61 
 
 Tincture of Aloes, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Aloes, 
 
 Anisi, aa ^ij. 
 
 Spiritus Yini Gallici, Oij. 
 Fiat tinctura. — Dose, from one-third to half a wineglassful, three 
 times a day. 
 
 The above is highly spoken of by Dr. E. Pinclall in hemor- 
 rhoidal affections. He considers it almost a specific, notwith- 
 standing the prejudice against aloes in these affections of the 
 rectum. 
 
 ENEMATA. 
 
 Enemata, used either as auxiliaries to, or substitutes for ca- 
 thartics, very properly succeed that class of remedies. 
 
 They are employed to fulfil other indications, and the differ- 
 ent preparations will be noticed under their appropriate heads. 
 It is usual to direct three times the quantity of the medicine to 
 be given for an enema that is required for a dose by the mouth. 
 Eor the purpose of procuring a discharge from the bowels, this 
 rule may generally be observed ; but in some of the powerful 
 remedies occasionally administered, as opium and tobacco, it 
 might be attended with serious consequences. "When using 
 these active drugs, it is better to give only double the quantity. 
 
 The bulk of the enema also varies according to the object we 
 have in view. If purgation is to be effected, the subjoined pro- 
 portions afford a good rule ; but if the remedial agent is to be 
 retained for some time, a small amount is obviously indicated, 
 lest the mere bulk of the injection cause an immediate discharge. 
 
 The following are the proportions recommended by Profes- 
 sor Chapman in the ordinary enemata for persons of different 
 ages: A child between the ages of one and five years, from 
 f 3iv. to f 5vj. A youth of ten or fifteen years, half a pint ; and 
 an adult, from a pint to a quart, according to circumstances. 
 
 In all cases, a warm folded towel should be firmly pressed 
 against the anus for fifteen minutes after the injection is thrown 
 up. 
 
62 ENEMATA. 
 
 Common Enema. 
 
 R. Olei Eicini, vel Olivas, f ifij. 
 
 Sacchari Fascis, f 3ij. 
 
 Sodii Chloridi, ^i. vel 3ij. 
 
 1 Infusi Lini tepidi, Oj. 
 Fiat enema. — One-naif to be administered at once, and the re- 
 mainder in half an hour or an hour if the first produces no 
 evacuation. The chloride of sodium is an active ingredient. 
 In fact, there is no better enema than simple salt and water at 
 the ordinary temperature ; and sea- water fresh from the ocean 
 answers the same purpose. 
 
 Soap Enema. 
 
 R. Saponis Vulgaris incisi, vel ' 
 
 Mollis, Lond. 3j. 
 
 Infusi Lini tepidi, Oj. 
 Misce pro enem&te. 
 
 This is an effectual clyster in cases of flatulence and impacted 
 feces. 
 
 Ox Gall Enema. 
 
 R. Fellis Bovini spissati, 3j- — ij. 
 Vel 
 Fellis Bovini recentis, f^j. 
 Aquas tepidas, Oj. 
 Misce. Signa. — Use for an injection, in cases of obstinate con- 
 stipation and hardened feces. 
 
 Enema with Sulphate of Magnesia, &c. 
 
 R. Magnesias vel Sodas Sulphatis, 3ij. 
 
 Olei Olivas, f^j. 
 
 Aquas tepidas, Oj. 
 Fiat enema. Signa. — To be used as an injection. 
 
 Enema of Colocynth and Manna. 
 
 R. Colocynthidis Medullas incisas, 3j. 
 
 Mannas, 3j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, fjx. 
 
 Sodii Chloridi, 3ss. 
 Boil the Colocynth and Manna in the water for ten or fifteen 
 
 1 The officinal infusion of flaxseed is a compound one, containing liquorice 
 root, and is chiefly intended for affections of the lungs and urinary passages. 
 But the article alluded to in this formula, and elsewhere throughout the book, is 
 the common flaxseed tea, made by infusing an ouuee of the seeds in a pint of 
 boiling water. 
 
SUPPOSITOEIES. 63 
 
 minutes and strain ; then add the salt. Employed in obstinate 
 constipation. 
 
 Enema of Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 R. Olei Terebinthinas, f^jss. 
 
 Yitellum Unius Ovi, 
 
 Infusi Lini tepidi, Oj. 
 Misce. 
 
 Yenice turpentine may be substituted for the oil directed in 
 this prescription ; and either of them, if required, may be given 
 in larger quantities. 
 
 Enema of Infusion of Senna and Epsom Salts. 
 
 R. Infusi Sennas, Oj. 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, !ij. 
 Misce. — One-half to be exhibited as an enema, and the remainder 
 if necessary. 
 
 Enema with Tartrate of Antimony. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, 9j. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, fgiv. 
 
 Aquas tepid as, f^xij. 
 Misce. — Exhibit as the former. 
 
 Dr. Chapman recommends this preparation as one admirably 
 calculated to overcome constipation which resists the ordinary 
 remedies. It is very powerful, and requires great care in its 
 management. 
 
 SUPPOSITOEIES. 
 
 (From Supponere, to put under.) 
 
 Suppositories constitute a class of remedies that has hitherto 
 been little used by American practitioners. They are solid, 
 round, cylindrical, or conical in form, and intended for intro- 
 duction into the anus. They are prepared by mingling seda- 
 tive, astringent, or purgative medicines with cocoa-butter, suet, 
 soap, or thick honey. 
 
 When made with suet, or cocoa-butter, these substances 
 should be melted at a gentle heat, with an eighth or a twelfth of 
 white wax, according to the season of the year. The medicinal 
 agent is added, and the fluid mass poured into paper cones, to 
 cool and become solid. A suppository should weigh one or two 
 drams, and be as large as the end of the finger or thumb, 
 
64 SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 Purgative suppositories are often much larger. By the heat of 
 the body, the suet or cocoa-butter is softened, and the remedial 
 agent is thus permitted to develop its effects. 
 
 Soap suppositories are formed by cutting soap into conve- 
 nient shapes. Suppositories with honey are prepared by boil- 
 ing down this substance, till it becomes sufficiently thick to 
 retain its shape when cool. 
 
 Laxative Suppository. 
 
 R. Saponis, !ij. 
 
 Sodii Chloridi, 3J. 
 
 Mellis spissati, q. s. 
 Misce. 
 
 Form into conical suppositories, weighing 3ss., and oil them 
 on the surface. 
 
 Suppository of Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Saponis, Siij- 
 
 Extracti Ehei, 3ss. 
 
 Pulveris Rhei, q. s. 
 Misce, et nant suppositoria iij. 
 Signa. — Use one suppository at bedtime. 
 
 Purgative Suppository. 
 
 R. Pulveris Colocynthidis, 3ss. 
 
 Sodii Chloridi, 3j. 
 
 Mellis spissati, 3j. vel q. s. 
 Fiat suppositorium. 
 
 A large suppository of this kind, should be of a cylindrical 
 form like a candle, to facilitate its introduction. 
 
 Formulae, without number, of a purgative character, might be 
 given, but the above are sufficient to show the usual modes of 
 preparing them in France. Astringent, anthelmintic, and ano- 
 dyne suppositories, are mentioned in other parts of this work, 
 under their respective heads. 
 
CLASS III 
 
 DIURETICS. 
 
 The rules for the administration of this class of remedies are 
 few and simple. 
 
 Where there is much arterial excitement, a judicious use of 
 the lancet should precede the employment of diuretics, and the 
 patient be kept cool to avoid perspiration. 
 
 In order to insure the full effect of diuretics, diluent drinks 
 should be freely given, and especially those containing some 
 diuretic medicine. 
 
 DIURETIC POWDERS. 
 
 Powder of Squill and Nitre. 
 
 R, Pulveris Scillse, gr. yj. 
 
 Potassae JSTitratis, 3j» 
 
 Fiant pulveres vj. Signa*—On.e to be given thrice a day in 
 sugar and water. 
 
 Some aromatic, such as cinnamon, may be added to this pre- 
 paration if the stomach is irritable. 
 
 Powder of Vva Ursi and Soda, 
 
 R. Pulveris Uvae Ursi, 3iss. 
 
 Sodas Bicarbonatis, 3j. 
 Misce, divide in chartulas xij. Signa*— One three times a day 
 in sugar and water. 
 
 In nephritic complaints and affections of the bladder. 
 5 
 
66 DIURETICS. 
 
 Powder of Ergot and Cubebs. 
 II. Pulveris Ergotae, 9ij. 
 
 Cubebae, oj. 
 
 Cinnamomi, Jss. 
 
 Saccliari, 3j. 
 Divide into eight powders, of which one may be given three or 
 four times a day. In leucorrhoea and gleet. Dr. Eyan. 
 
 Poivder of Squill, Cream of Tartar, &c. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. ij. 
 
 Pulveris Scillae, 3ij. 
 
 Potassas Bitartratis, sjss. 
 
 Sulphatis, 3ss. 
 
 Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes xx. equales. 
 Signa. — Take one powder four or five times daily. 
 
 This combination produces copious watery stools, together 
 with a considerable flow of urine, properties that render it val- 
 uable in cases of general dropsy. Eberle. 
 
 On theoretical grounds, the quantity of squill in this formula 
 appears too large to begin with, each dose containing six grains. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 DIUEETIC PILLS. 
 
 Pills of Squill and Calomel. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 Pulveris Scillae, aa gr. xij. 
 
 Confectionis Eosa3, q. s. ut nant pilulas xij. Signa. — One night 
 and morning, in dropsies depending upon visceral derange- 
 ment. 
 
 This preparation is one of the most celebrated of the diuretics, 
 especially when disease of the liver is the cause of effusion. 
 When the calomel affects the mouth it should be omitted, and 
 the squill combined with some other diuretic. 
 
 Pills of Digitalis, Calomel, and Opium. 
 
 U. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. xij. 
 
 Eydrargyri Cnlorid] Mitis, gr. vj. 
 
 Pulveris ( )|»ii. gr. Lv. 
 
 ( lonfectionis Rosse, q. s. 
 l'i fiant pilulae xij. Signa. — One to be taken every eight hours. 
 
 In hydrothorax and ascites. 
 
DIURETICS. 67 
 
 Pills of Calomel, Digitalis, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Scillas exsiccatas, gr. iv. 
 
 Myrrhas, 9j. 
 
 Digitalis, gr. x. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. yj. 
 Simul tere et adde — 
 
 Assafostidas, 3ss. 
 
 Extracti Grentianas, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa, in pilulas xv. dividenda. Signa. — One night and 
 morning. Dr. Paris. 
 
 Pills of Copaiba. 
 
 B. Pilulas Copaibas, No. xx. 
 
 Signa. — Take two pills for a dose, four times daily. 
 
 Each pill contains about five grains of copaiba. 
 
 Turpentine Pills. 
 B. Terebinthinas, gj. 
 Divide in pilulas xv. Signa. — One four or five times a day. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Dandelion and Blue Mass. 
 
 B. Extracti Taraxaci, 5ss. 
 
 Pilulas Hydrargyri, gr. x. 
 
 Pulveris Uvas ITrsi, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulas x. Signa. — One to be taken morning, noon, and 
 night. In dropsy complicated with disease of the liver. 
 
 Pills of Digitalis, Squill, and Juniper. 
 
 B. Pulveris Digitalis, 9j. 
 
 Scillas, 5ss. 
 
 Extracti Grentianas, 9j. 
 
 Olei Juniperi, gtt. viij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa, in pilulas xij. dividenda, 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
 Used in dropsy. Pearson. 
 
 Pills of Digitalis, Squill, and Blue Mass. 
 
 B. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. v. 
 
 Scillas, gr. x. 
 
 Pilulas Hydrargyri, Jss. 
 
 Syrupi Acacias, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas x. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
68 DIURETICS. 
 
 This combination was highly recommended by the late Dr. 
 Baillie of London, as an alterative and diuretic in anasarca. 
 
 Baillie. 
 
 DIURETIC INFUSIONS AND DECOCTIONS. 
 
 Infusion of Digitalis. 
 R. Digitalis, gj. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oss. 
 
 Macerate for three hours, then strain. — Dose, for an adult, half 
 a tablespoonful two or three times a day. 
 
 The prostrating effect of digitalis should always be kept in 
 mind by the practitioner ; and the rule that when it acts upon 
 the stomach, the bowels, the pulse or the kidneys, it should be 
 discontinued, cannot, when we consider the power of the article, 
 be too scrupulously observed. 
 
 Infusion of Juniper Berries, and Cream of Tartar. 
 
 R. Juniperi contusi, 3jss. 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Macera per horas duas, in vase leviter clauso, et cola. Dein 
 adde — 
 Potassae Bitartratis, Ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Be careful to shake the bottle well before 
 using. Of this, a teacupful may be taken four or six times 
 a day ; adding to each 40 drops of the sweet spirits of nitre. 
 In general and local dropsy. 
 
 Infusion of Parsley Root, 
 
 R. Petroselini, 3J. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum et cola. A teacupful may be taken with a tea- 
 spoonful of sweet spirits of nitre, every throe or four hours. 
 
 A popular and very useful remedy for strangury, arising 
 from blisters. 
 
 Infusion of Scabious or Fleabane. 
 
 R. Erigerontis' Canadensis, gj. 
 Aqua) bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Misce. — Pour on the water boiling hot, and infuse all night. A 
 pint of the tea should be taken daily. Nitre or any other 
 diuretic may be added. Prescribed in calculous and nephritic 
 affections, in strangury, irritable bladder, &c. 
 
DIURETICS. 69 
 
 Infusion of Uva Ursi. 
 
 R. Uvas Ursi, 3j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Pour the water boiling hot on the leaves, and let them mace- 
 rate for twelve hours. To be taken cold, from half a pint to a 
 pint, daily. Chiefly nsed in gonorrhoea and irritable bladder. 
 
 Infusion of Dandelion, &c. 
 
 R. Infusi Taraxaci, f ^iv. 
 
 Extracti Taraxaci, 3ij. 
 
 Sodas Carbonatis, 3ss. 
 
 Potassas Tartratis, 3iij. 
 
 Tincture Ehei, foiij- 
 
 Hyoscyami, gtt. xx. 
 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — One third part to be taken three times 
 a day. In dropsical and visceral affections. Dr. Meigs. 
 
 Decoction of Pipsisseiva. 
 
 R. Chimaphilae, 3j. 
 
 Aquas, Oij. 
 Macerate for twelve hours, and then gradually boil doA^n to 
 
 one-half. Dose, a wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 
 In dropsy. 
 
 Spirituous Decoction of Pipsissewa. 
 
 R. Chimaphilas, ^ij. 
 Aquas, faxij. 
 
 Evaporate by heat to 3vj., and then add two ounces of gin. 
 Dose, a dessertspoonful every two or three hours, with di- 
 luent drinks. In dropsy accompanied by debility. 
 
 Decoction of Cainca. 
 
 R. Eadicis Caincas, Bj. 
 
 Aquas, Oij. 
 To be gradually reduced by heat to one-half. Dose, a table- 
 spoonful three times a day. In dropsy. 
 
 This root is derived from the Chiococca Anguifuga, a Brazilian 
 plant, which has of late been extensively and efficaciously em- 
 ployed in Europe. It occasions watery evacuations and diuresis, 
 whence its use in dropsy. — Dunglisois t , New Remedies, p. 148. 
 
70 DIURETICS. 
 
 Decoction of Indian Hemp. 
 
 R. Apocyni Cannabini, 3ss. 
 Aquae, Ojss. 
 
 Coque ad Oj. et cola. G-riscom. 
 
 Signa. — Take a wineglassful three times a day. This has been 
 found useful in dropsy, acting as a hydragogue cathartic. 
 
 The young practitioner must carefully distinguish between 
 preparations of the native drug under consideration (Apocynum 
 Cannabinum), and the powerful, imported extract of Cannabis 
 Sativa ; as, unfortunately, they both bear the same trivial name 
 of Indian Hemp. 
 
 Decoction of Pareira Brava Root. 
 
 R. Pareirae contuses, £ss. 
 Aquae bullientis, Oiij. 
 Boil by gentle simmering down to a pint. 
 Signa. — Take a wineglassful every two hours. 
 
 It has a great influence over chronic inflammation of the 
 bladder, lessening very materially the secretion of the ropy 
 mucus, which is itself a very great evil, and, I believe, diminish- 
 ing the inflammation and irritability of the bladder also. 
 
 Sir B. Brodie. 
 
 DIUKETIC SOLUTIONS AND MIXTUKES. 
 
 Solution of Digitalin. 
 
 R. Digitalinae, gr. ij. 
 
 Alcoholis diluti, f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Take ten drops in sweetened water, three 
 times daily. 
 
 Ten drops of this solution, are equivalent to one-fiftieth of a 
 grain of digitalin, and consequently, the dose may be gradually 
 increased until the peculiar effects of digitalis are developed. 
 
 Cider Mixture. 
 
 R. Junipcri contusi, 
 
 Si i Lapis, 
 
 Zingibcris, aa oSS. 
 
 A rmoraciao contusae, 
 
 Petroselini, aa 3j. 
 
 Succi fermcnti pomorum, Oij. 
 Fiat infusum. — Of which a wineglassful may be taken three or 
 four times a day. 
 
DIURETICS. 71 
 
 The above compound was recommended by the late Dr. Par- 
 rish, in cases of general dropsy which admit of stimulation, and 
 in which the urinary secretion is deficient. The cider should 
 be old and sound. 
 
 Mixture with Oil of Juniper. 
 
 R. Olei Juniperi, gtt. xxv. 
 
 Sacchari, 
 
 Acacias, aa £rj. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f^iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. 
 
 Mixture with Juniper, Squill, &c. 
 
 R. Potassas Acetatis, 3 v. 
 
 Bicarbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Aquas, fixij. 
 
 Tincturas Scillas, f5j. 
 
 Spiritus Juniperi Compositi, fsj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take two tablespoonfuls three times a 
 clay. Brown. 
 
 Mixture of Digitalis, Acetate of Potash, &c. 
 
 R. Infnsi Digitalis, f^iv. 
 
 Potassas Acetatis, 3ij- 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, f3ij. 
 
 Aquas Cinnamomi, f^jss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every four hours. 
 
 Recommended in the treatment of cardiac disease. 
 
 Kilgour. 
 
 Mixture of Digitalis, Potash, &c. 
 
 R. Infusi Digitalis, fiiv. 
 
 Tincturas Digitalis, f3i. 
 
 Potassas Acetatis, Jj. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. x. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Half a tablespoonful three or four times 
 a day. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Cantharides, &c. 
 
 R. Tincturas Cantharidis, 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, aa gtt. Ix. 
 
 Sacchari, Jj. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Yiridis, f^ij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A teaspoonful may be taken every three 
 or fonr hours, desisting if strangury should supervene. 
 
72 DIURETICS. 
 
 Mixture of Spirits of Turpentine. 
 
 B. Olei Terebinthinae, gtt. c. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 3j. 
 
 Aquae Menthae Yiridis, f^iv. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful four or five times a day, 
 aided by some diuretic drink. 
 
 This remedy is used with great benefit in nepbritic complaints, 
 and especially in tbe passage of calculi tbrougb tbe ureters. 
 
 Mixture of Elaterium, Colchicum, &c. 
 
 B. Elaterii, gr. j. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, fsij. 
 
 Tincturae Scillae, f Jss. 
 
 Aceti Colcbici, f3ij. 
 
 'Syrupi, fgj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — To take a teaspoonful tbree or four times 
 a day in a little water. 
 
 Dr. Ferriar recommends tbe above in tbe several forms of 
 dropsy, and more especially in bydrotborax. 
 
 Mixture of Colckicum, Squill, and Tobacco. 
 
 B. Oxymellis Colcbici, Dub. 
 
 Scillse, 
 
 Yini Tabaci, aa flss. 
 Mi see. Take a small teaspoonful in a little water four times 
 a day. 
 
 If requisite, tbe spiritus aitheris nitrici may be added in tbe 
 same quantity. Tbis forms tbe diuretic drops of Dr. Ferriar, and 
 requires to be given witb great circumspection. 
 
 Ilydragogue Draught of Dr. Ferriar. 
 
 B. Gambogiae, gr. iv. 
 
 Spiritfis iEtberis Nitrici, f^j. 
 Tincturae Sennas, f^ij. 
 Syrupi Bhamni, Ed. 
 Aquae Menthae Yiridis, aa f^ss. 
 Misce ct fiat haustus. — Dr. Ferriar observes tbat, in some cases 
 of hydrol Ik >ra x attended with imminent danger of suffocation, 
 be lias afforded immediate relief by tbe above draught. 
 
DIURETICS. 73 
 
 Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. 
 
 R. TiDcturas Colcliici Seminis, 
 
 Digitalis, aa fjj. 
 
 Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrici, f5j. 
 Misce. Dose, twenty drops on a lump of sugar. Given as a 
 diuretic in dropsy and hydrothorax. Hildenbrand. 
 
 Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Squill, &c. 
 
 R. Potassae Carbonatis, 3j- 
 
 Succi Limonis, q. s. ad saturandum, 
 
 Tincturae Scillas, f£ss. 
 
 Opii, gtt. xxx. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f ifiv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two or three hours 
 throughout the day. 
 
 The vinegar or oxymel of squill, if preferred, may be substi- 
 tuted in this preparation. We use the tincture because it is 
 more uniform, and less liable to spontaneous changes. 
 
 Mixture of the Acetates of Potash and Ammonia, 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, f^ij. 
 
 Potassas Acetatis, 3ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every three hours for a dose. 
 
 Mixture of Buchu and Acetate of Potash. 
 
 R. Infusi Buchu, f3viij. 
 
 Potassas Acetatis, 3ij- 
 Misce. Signa. — Take a wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 
 This is an excellent diuretic combination, and its value may 
 be farther enhanced by the addition of sweet spirits of nitre. 
 
 Mixture with Urea. 
 
 R. Ureas, 3j- 
 
 Aquas, fjijss. 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f^ss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa.- — Take a tablespoonful every six hours. 
 
 Its action as a diuretic should be aided by the free adminis- 
 tration of diluents, as well as by keeping the skin moderately 
 cool. The dose may be augmented to a scruple or more. 
 
 T. H. Tanner. 
 
74 DIURETICS. 
 
 Huf elancfs Diuretic Drops. 
 
 R. Olei Juniperi, f 3ss. 
 
 Spiritus .ZEtheris Nitrici, 
 
 Tincturas Digitalis, aa f 3iij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give twenty or thirty drops every three hours. 
 
 Use. This is one of the best diuretics, and may be em- 
 ployed for some time without offending the stomach. 
 
 HlTFELAND. 
 
 Mixture of Buchu and Uva Ursi. 
 
 R. Buchu, 
 
 Uvas Ursi, aa ^ss. 
 
 Aquae ferventis, Oss. 
 
 Digere leni calore in vase clauso per dimidiam horam. 
 Cola, et adde — 
 
 Syrupi Senegas, f 3ss. 
 Signa. — Take one or two tablespoonfuls every two hours. 
 
 Used in blennorrhoea, atony, and paralysis of the bladder. 
 
 Clarus. 
 
 Mixture of Balsam Copaiba, 
 
 B. Copaibas, 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, aa f £ss. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3ij. 
 
 ■ — Sacchari, 3j. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, foiv. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulas Compositi, f5ij. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, f3j. 
 Fiat mistura secundum artem. Signa. — A tablespoonful three 
 times a day. Chapman. 
 
 This remedy is more especially used in gonorrhoea, and is 
 considered by Professor Chapman as a specific in that disease. 
 A preferable mode of exhibiting balsam copaiva, consists in 
 dropping the quantity prescribed for a dose in a wineglass of 
 water, and then adding to it a small quantity of the iinct. gen- 
 tia/ncB comp. The balsam collects into a globule and is sur- 
 rounded by the tincture, which, leaving its taste in the mouth, 
 covers that of the nauseous balsam. 
 
DIUEETICS. 75 
 
 Mixture of Balsam Copaiba, Cubebs, &c. 
 
 R. Copaibas, 
 
 Pulveris Cubebas, aa sss. 
 
 Acacias, 3ij. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae, f^viij. 
 
 Tinctures Opii Camphoratas, flss. 
 Misce secundum artem. Signa. — A tablespoonful every tbree 
 hours. 
 
 We have found this remedy, in some obstinate cases of gonor- 
 rhoea, more efficacious than the preceding formula. The tincture 
 of cubebs may be substituted for the powder — and the tinct. opii 
 acetat. fjj. for the paregoric, if desirable. Balsam copaiva is 
 sometimes given by the French physicians in the form of enema, 
 for the cure of gonorrhoea. Capsules containing it are also in 
 common use. S. Gr. Moeton. 
 
 Another Form. ' 
 
 R. Copaibas, fajss. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, fjy. 
 
 Olei Limonis, gtt. vj. 
 
 Tincturas Cubebas, foj. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, f*ss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful three times a day, 
 in gonorrhoea. Kakdqlph. 
 
 aa fiss. 
 
 Compound Mixture of Copaiba, &c. 
 
 R. Copaibas, 
 
 Alcoholis, 
 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas 
 
 Syrupi, 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, f3ss. 
 Fiat mistura. — To be taken during the day in four doses, fol- 
 lowed by demulcent drinks. In chronic gonorrhoea. 
 
 Mixture of Fluid Extract of Cut 
 
 R. Extracti Cubebas Fluidi, f5ij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, 
 
 Syrupi Tolutani, aa flss. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulas Compositi, f3ij. 
 
 Aquas, fiijss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give a tablespoonful every three hours 
 in gonorrhoea. Editoe. 
 
CLASS IV 
 
 ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTKIPTICS. 
 
 Antilithics are those substances which arrest or prevent the 
 formation of calculi in the kidneys or bladder. Lithontriptics 
 are supposed to possess the power of dissolving calculous con- 
 cretions, by acting on the substance which serves as the bond 
 of union to the saline or acid particles composing the stone. 
 
 To administer these remedies with any degree of success, re- 
 quires a chemical knowledge of the ingredients which enter into 
 the formation of the different calculi ; attention must also be 
 given to the properties of the urine. 
 
 As derangement of the digestive organs almost always co- 
 exists with these foreign bodies in the urinary apparatus, we 
 shall gain a very considerable advantage by combining the re- 
 medies of this class with those which have a tendency to restore 
 the healthy action of the stomach and bowels. 
 
 When lithic or uric acid abounds in the urine, the alkalies 
 will be found to produce the greatest benefit ; but where the 
 salts are evidently of the calcareous or magnesian character, the 
 muriatic, or some one of the mineral acids, will constitute the 
 most appropriate remedy. 
 
 POWDEES. 
 
 Powders of Uva Ursi, Bark, and Ojjium. 
 
 IJ. Pulveris Uva3 Ursi, 
 
 Cinchonae, aa 3j- vcl 3ij- 
 
 Opii, gr. iij. 
 
 Miscc, ct divide in chartulas vj. — Of which one may be taken 
 three or four times a day. 
 
 The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar, who 
 advises the patient to drink two ounces of lime-water after each 
 dose. 
 
AXTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. 77 
 
 PILLS. 
 
 Soap Pills. 
 R. Saponis, 3j. 
 
 Divide in pilulas xv. Signa. — One every two hours during the 
 day. 
 
 Pills of dried Carbonate of Soda. 
 
 R. Sodas Carbonatis Exsiccatas, 
 
 Saponis, aa 5j. 
 
 Extracti Glycyrrhizas, 
 
 Aquae, aa q. s. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas xxx. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — Take three pills, three times a day, as an antilithic. 
 
 Beddoes. 
 
 SOLUTIONS, MIXTUKES, &c. 
 
 Solution of Bicarbonate of Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Sodas Bicarbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Infusi Quassias, faiv. 
 
 Tincturas Colombas, f^j. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose four times a day. 
 
 Solution of Salaeratus. 
 
 R. Potassas Bicarbonatis, gr. x. vel xv. 
 
 Aquas Seltzer, f^vj. 
 Misce. — Draught, to be taken three or four times a clay. 
 
 Mixture of Bicarbonate of Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Sodas Bicarbonatis, Jj. 
 
 Misturas Amygdalae, fliv. 
 
 Copaibas, fjij. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. 
 Fiat mistura secundum artem. Signa. — A tablespoonful pro re 
 nata. In acute pain of the bladder. 
 
 In combination with each of these alkaline preparations, de- 
 mulcent drinks may with benefit be freely employed. 
 
 Carbonate of Potash and Lime-water, 
 
 R. Potassas Carbonatis, 3ij- 
 
 Aquas Calcis, Oij. 
 Fiat solutio. — Of which a wineglassful may be taken every two 
 hours, mixed with an equal quantity of new milk. 
 
78 ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTEIPTICS. 
 
 Mixture of Magnesia, dec. 
 
 B. Magnesias Carbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Infusi Gentianae Compositi, f^vj. 
 Fiat mistura. — A wineglassful to be taken three times a day. 
 
 This mixture is recommended by Mr. Brande, of London, as 
 superior to the alkalies, in cases where uric acid abounds. 
 
 Mixture of Muriatic acid in Barley-water. 
 
 B. Acidi Muriatici, gtt. x. vel xx. 
 
 Decocti Hordei, Sviij. 
 Misce. Dose, a tablespoonful largely diluted, three or four 
 
 times a day. — In stone, when the calcareous properties are 
 
 most apparent. 
 
 Nitric acid has been given with the same intention, but ap- 
 pears to be less useful than muriatic. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 B. Olei Terebinthinae, f^ss. 
 
 Signa. — From thirty drops to a large teaspoonful may be taken 
 
 on sugar, and repeated pro re nata. See also the formula 
 
 given under Diuretics. 
 
 This medicine has been frequently given of late in the pas- 
 sage of urinary calculi down the ureters. It is stated by Dr. 
 Physick that this remedy, proportioned in its dose to the degree 
 of suffering, affords more prompt relief than any other. 
 
 Urethral Injection of Carbonate of Soda. 
 
 B. So doe Carbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Saponis, 3ij- 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f^xij. 
 Fiat solutio et cola. 
 Signa. — Use as an injection, for softening uric acid deposits, and 
 
 calculi. HoPITAL DE MONTPELLIER. 
 
CLASS V. 
 
 DIAPHOKETICS. 
 
 Duking- the exhibition of this class of medicines the patient 
 must be confined to his bed ; and when diaphoresis is once 
 excited, every precaution should be taken lest it be suddenly 
 checked. 
 
 Venesection should generally be resorted to when there is 
 much arterial excitement with great heat of the skin, before we 
 attempt to give diaphoretics. When the skin continues steadily 
 hot and dry, all external warmth must be removed, and cold 
 water freely applied to the temples, hands, feet, &c, while the 
 room is to be kept cool by a free current of fresh air. Under 
 these circumstances, cold water may be frequently and plenti- 
 fully drunk by the patient. Diaphoretics given in conjunction 
 with these general means, will act with much more certainty 
 than if great heat of the surface is maintained by covering the 
 patient with heavy bedclothes. If it be desirable to produce 
 perspiration when the heat of the skin is not above the natural 
 standard, we shall obtain our object most readily by placing 
 the patient in a warm bed, giving him warm drinks freely, 
 placing his feet in warm water, or applying hot bottles, or bags 
 of sand, to the different parts of his body. The bags of sand 
 accommodate themselves to the inequalities of the surface, and 
 therefore form an excellent mode of applying heat externally. 
 Warm bricks, covered with cloths, and wetted with vinegar, 
 may also be used advantageously. Employed in this way they 
 form a steam-bath. The same effect may be produced by con- 
 ducting the vapor of alcohol through a tube, under the bed- 
 clothes of the patient. 
 
 In a few words, then, we have described the manner of pro- 
 ducing diaphoresis under opposite states of the system. In the 
 first instance we solicit, in the second we rather extort it. 
 
 It may be proper to observe, that in the febrile affections the 
 frequent change of linen about the patient is not only warrant- 
 
80 DIAPHOEETICS. 
 
 able, but absolutely necessary, whilst employing this class of 
 remedies. 
 
 "Where, however, we are desirous of producing what is em- 
 phatically termed " a sweat" we should envelop the patient in a 
 flannel shirt or gown, and avoid, as was before observed, every 
 cause which may suddenly check the cutaneous discharge, and 
 more especially purging and diuresis. 
 
 In the treatment of ordinary fevers, we usually resort to 
 articles recognized by the profession as being capable of pro- 
 ducing perspiration, or sweating, soon after their exhibition ; 
 while in chronic diseases, as syphilis, scrofula, and the cachectic 
 state following the use or abuse of mercury, others are em- 
 ployed which combine an alterative property with their tend- 
 ency to the skin. It is therefore deemed advisable to make two 
 sub-classes, viz. 1. Ordinary Diaphoretics, and 2. Alterative 
 Diaphoretics. 
 
 Sub-Class. I.— ORDINARY DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 Dover* s Powder. 
 
 E. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas et Opii, Jss. ve l sjj. 
 
 Divide in pulveres vj. 
 Signa. — Take one powder three times a day. 
 
 The most material difference between the officinal powder and 
 that of Dr. Dover, made public in 1733, is in the substitution 
 of the sulphate of potash for saltpetre. 
 
 The principal use of the former salt in this preparation, ap- 
 pears to be to facilitate the minute division of the other two 
 ingredients. Its crystals are extremely hard, and the prolonged 
 trituration necessary to reduce them, renders the opium and 
 ipecacuanha impalpable. It is one of the happiest and most 
 useful combinations, having stood the test of time and experi- 
 ence with undiminished reputation. To promote its operation, 
 warm drinJcs may be freely taken, but not immediately after the 
 dose, lest vomiting be induced. 
 
 Antimonial Powder* 
 
 R. Pulvis Antimonialis, Ed. 3j. 
 
 Divide in chartulas vj. Signa. — One every two or three hours 
 in sirup or molasses. In fevers. 
 
 This powder, which has been introduced as the succedaneum 
 
DIAPHOEETICS. 81 
 
 of the celebrated Fever Powder of Dr. James has lately been 
 pronounced inert by Mr. Kichard Phillips, chemist of London. 
 Learning that it had produced no effect when largely exhibited, 
 he determined to examine it chemically, and found it to consist 
 of peroxide of antimony (which he says is inert), and the phos- 
 phate of lime in mixture. But, as Dr. Paris observes, "it will 
 be difficult for the chemist to persuade the physician he can 
 never have derived any benefit from the exhibition of antimonial 
 powder." 
 
 Nitrous Powders. 
 
 B. Pulveris Potassas Nitratis, Jj. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassse Tartratis, gr. ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. yj. 
 Fiant pulveres yj. Signa. — One to be taken every two hours in 
 sirup or molasses. In febrile affections. 
 
 The calomel may be omitted or employed, at the discretion 
 of the practitioner. 
 
 Powders ivilh Opium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, and Nitre, 
 
 E. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 
 Ipecacuanhas, gr. yj. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. jss. 
 
 Potassse Mtratis, 3ss. 
 Fiant pulveres yj. Signa. — One to be taken every three or four 
 hours. 
 
 Powders ivitli Calomel, Opium, and Ipecacuanha. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xvj. 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, gr. viij. 
 Divide in pulveres viij. Signa. — One to be taken every hour 
 
 or two hours. 
 
 •*< 
 
 This combination is recommended by Professor Chapman in 
 dysentery. From its evident diaphoretic tendency we have been 
 induced to place it under this head. 
 
 Poivders of Precipitated Sulphur et of Antimony, Calomel, &c. 
 
 B. Antimonii Sulphureti Prascipitati, 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, aa gr. yj. 
 Pulveris Gruaiaci, Jj. 
 Fiant chartulae yj. Signa. — One to be taken morning and even- 
 ing, with double or even triple proportion of the ingredients, 
 if necessary. In cutaneous diseases. 
 6 
 
82 DIAPHOKETICS. 
 
 Socio, Powder of Guy's Hospital. 
 
 R. Sodas Carbonatis exsiccatas, 3j. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xij. 
 Pulveris Cretas Compositi, Loncl. Jij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give three to eight grains at night for a week, 
 ' in infantile gastric fever ; followed in the morning by five 
 grains of rhnbarb mixed with ten grains of the sulphate of 
 potash. Dr. Fordyce says of the above : "Had I been more 
 ambitions of dying a rich man than of living a useful member 
 of society, the powers of our antihectic powder in curing, as 
 if by miracle, the hectic fever and the swelled bellies of child- 
 ren in London, would have remained a secret while I lived." 
 
 Golding Bird. 
 
 Poivders ivith Guaiacum, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci, 
 
 Potassas ISTitratis, aa £j. 
 
 Ipecacuanhas, gr. iij. 
 
 Opii, gr. ij. 
 
 Fiant pulveres yj. Signa. — One to be taken every three hours 
 in a little jelly or molasses. 
 
 A stimulating diaphoretic, and particularly serviceable in 
 acute rheumatism after the reduction of inflammatory symptoms. 
 
 DIAPHORETIC MIXTURES. 
 
 Neutral or Saline Mixture. 
 
 li. Succi Limonis recentis, f 3iss. 
 
 Potassse Carbonatis, q. s. ad saturandum, 
 
 Sacchari, Jij- 
 
 Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, gr. ss. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f^iij. 
 Misce. — A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. In fevers. 
 
 This preparation is one of our most agreeable diaphoretics. 
 Its powers are decidedly increased by the addition of tartar 
 emetic ; which, however, may be omitted, and the sweet spirits 
 of nitre substituted, if preferred. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Potash. 
 
 R. Potassse Citratis, ?5iij. 
 
 Olci Limonis, gtt. ij. 
 Sacchari, 5ij- 
 Aquas destillat®, f.siv. 
 Misce, — A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. This 
 
DIAPHORETICS. 83 
 
 preparation is a good substitute for the preceding one, and is 
 in several respects to be preferred. Spirits of nitre may be 
 added. 
 
 Effervescing Draught. 
 
 R. Potassas Carbonatis, 5\j. 
 
 Aquas destillatae, f^iv. 
 Misce, et fiat solntio. 
 
 R. Succi Limonis recentis, 
 Aquae destillatae, aa fjij. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — Mix two tablespoonfuls of the lemonade with 
 one of the alkaline solution, and let it be drunk while effer- 
 vescing, to be repeated pro re nata. 
 
 This preparation differs from the neutral mixture more in 
 the mode of exhibition than in any other important particular. 
 It is of great value when irritability of the stomach precludes 
 the use of ordinary diaphoretics. 
 
 m Spirits of Mindereri. 
 
 R. Aceti destillati, vel Acidi Acetici diluti, fSvj. 
 
 Ammoniae Carbonatis, q. s. ad saturandum. 
 Add the carbonate of ammonia gradually to the acid or vine- 
 gar until it is saturated. 
 Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 This excellent diaphoretic in inflammatory diseases, appears 
 to have been first used by Boerhaave, in 1732. "With us it is 
 generally prescribed in combination, under one of the following 
 forms : — 
 
 Spirits of Mindereri and Antimonial Wine. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammoniae Acetatis, f^ij. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f^j. 
 
 Yini Antimonii, f Jj. 
 
 Aquas destillatae, f^ij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two or three 
 hours. 
 
 Spirits of Mindereri, Siveet Spirits of Nitre, &c. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, fivj. 
 
 Syrupi Limonis, fsij. 
 
 Yini Antimonii, fojss. ' 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, fjij. — f^ss. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. xlv. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 Eberle. 
 
84 DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 Solution of Citrate of Ammonia, &c. 
 
 R. Succi Limonis recentis, f^j. 
 
 Ammonia Carbonatis, q. s. ad saturandum. 
 
 Sacchari, Jj. 
 
 Aquae destillatse, Oiv. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful may be taken every 
 two or three Hours, pro re nata. 
 
 This preparation is seldom employed in the practice of this 
 city. It may, however, be beneficially given as a pleasant sti- 
 mulating diaphoretic. 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre, and Antimonial Wine. 
 
 R. Spirit us ^Etheris ISTitrici, fjj. 
 Yini Antimonii, f5ij. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful may be taken every hour or 
 two hours, in barley-water, during the hot stage of intermit- 
 tent and other fevers. 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre, with Antimonial Wine and Laudanum. 
 
 R. Tincturae Opii, gtt. xxv. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, fjj. 
 
 Yini Antimonii, gtt. xx. 
 
 Aquae destillatse, f^ss. 
 Fiat mistura. — To be given at a dose, and repeated pro re nata. 
 
 Dr. Chapman observes, in his Therapeutics, that " this com- 
 bination very frequently acts as a diuretic in dropsy, and has 
 more than an once, within my knowledge, removed the effusion 
 in this disease, under circumstances the least to be expected." 
 
 Mixture of Saltpetre and Tartar Emetic. 
 
 R. Potassse Nitratis, 3ij- 
 
 Antimonii et Potassse Tartratis, gr. j. 
 
 Pulveris Extracti Glycyrrhizae, 
 
 Acaciae, aa 3ij- 
 
 Aquae Foeniculi, 
 
 destillatse, aa fsiijss. 
 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 This is proposed as a substitute for the nitrous powders, as 
 being le 3 apt to offend the stomach than the same substances 
 in a pulverulent form. Eberle. 
 
DIAPHORETICS. 85 
 
 Mixture with Guaiacum, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci Kesinae, 3ij- 
 
 Potassae Mtratis, 3iss. 
 
 Antimorrii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. j. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 3j- 
 
 Extracti Grlycyrrhizae, 9j. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f^viij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful three or four times a 
 day. 
 
 This preparation, if made without the extract of liquorice, is 
 disposed to turn green, which gives it an unpleasant appearance, 
 and sometimes induces the patient to refrain from it until the 
 physician arrives. It is employed principally in rheumatic cases. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Potash. 
 
 R. Decocti Hordei, Oj. 
 
 Potassas Mtratis, 3ij- 
 
 Succi Limonis, f ^j. 
 Fiat potus. — To be used warm as a common drink. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu with Wine of Antimony. 
 
 R. Tincturae Tolutanae, f 3 v. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3iij- 
 
 Sacchari, 5j- 
 
 Yini Antimonii, f 3j- 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f ^ij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful three or four times 
 a day. 
 
 This is a stimulating diaphoretic, and will be found service- 
 able in pectoral diseases accompanied with an excessive mucous 
 discharge depending on debility of the bronchial membrane. 
 
 Mixture with Aconite and Wine of Colchicum. 
 
 R. Extracti Aconiti Alcoholici, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, f 3j. m 
 
 Yini Colchici Seminis, f £ss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take fifteen drops every three hours. 
 
 Used in acute and chronic rheumatism, gradually increasing 
 the dose. "Weber. 
 
Ob DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 Mixture with Aconite and Valerian, 
 
 B. Pulveris Yalerianas, 3ss. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, f lyj. 
 Macera per horas duas et cola. Dein adde — 
 
 Extracti Aconiti Alcoholici, gr. vj. 
 
 Sjrupi, f jfss. 
 
 Liquoris Ammoniae Acetatis, f Jj. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 Used in nervous gout. Eichter. 
 
 Mixture with Arnica. 
 
 R. Arnicas Flo rum, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, f Jvj. 
 Macera per horas duas, et cola. Dein adde — 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3ij- 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f Ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours in low 
 nervous fever, as a stimulant diaphoretic. Berends. 
 
 
 I have selected the above, out of thirty German prescriptions 
 for arnica, as being one of the most simple, and perhaps one of 
 the best forms, for administering an article, which has hitherto 
 attracted little attention among us, although it is frequently pre- 
 scribed by men of the highest standing in Germany. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 INFUSIONS. 
 
 Infusion of Boneset. 
 
 R. Eupatorii, ij. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Infuse for thirty minutes in a covered vessel; then decant and 
 take a wineglassful every hour, till perspiration is freely in- 
 duced. The infusion must be taken as hot as it can be drunk; 
 otherwise it may produce vomiting. 
 
 Infusion of Pipsisscwa. 
 
 B. Cliiiimphihn, Sj. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. — A teacupful every two hours. 
 
DIAPHOKETICS. 87 
 
 Infusion of the Asclepias Tuberosa, or Pleurisy Root. 
 
 R. Eadicis Asclepiadis Tuberosae, contritae, Ij. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oiss. 
 Fiat infusum. Signa. — A teacupful to be taken warm, as fre- 
 quently as the stomach will bear it. Chapman. 
 
 Professor Chapman observes of this plant : " As a diaphoretic, 
 I think it is distinguished by great certainty and permanency 
 of operation, and has this estimable property, that it produces 
 its effects without increasing much the force of the circulation, 
 raising the temperature of the surface, or creating inquietude 
 and restlessness." — Therapeutics, vol. i. p. 347. 
 
 I have found the virtues of the pleurisy root to be better 
 developed, by boiling one ounce in a quart of water down to a 
 pint, and straining. Editoe. 
 
 Sub-Class II.— ALTERATIVE DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 PILLS. 
 
 Pills of Red Sulphur et of Mercury, &c. 
 
 B. Hydrargyri Sulphured Rubri, 
 
 Pulveris Serpentarise, aa 5ss. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiant piluke xij. Signa. — Two of these to be taken three times 
 a day. 
 
 They are alterative as well as diaphoretic, and are useful in 
 herpetic and other obstinate cutaneous complaints. 
 
 Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony, &c. — Plummets Pills. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Antimonii Sulphureti praecipitati, aa 5ss. 
 
 Pulveris Guaiaci Resinae, 3j- 
 
 Sacchari Faecis, q. s. ut fiant pilulae lx. 
 Three pills to be taken night and morning. 
 
 These pills were recommended by Professor Plummer, in lep- 
 rosy, secondary syphilis affecting the skin, gleets, old ulcers, 
 &c. &c. The decoction of guaiacum generally accompanies their 
 use. 
 
88 DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 DECOCTIONS. 
 
 Sirup or Rob Anti-syphiliiique of Laffecteur. 
 
 B. Sarsaparillse, 
 
 Arundinis Phragmitis, aa ^xxx. 
 
 riorum Boraginis Officinalis, ^viij. 
 
 Senna?, 
 
 Kosas Albae, aa ^ij. 
 
 Sacchari, 
 
 Mellis, aa Ebyj. 
 
 Aquas, q. s. 
 Boil the sarsaparilla and marsh reed grass in nine pints of water 
 for one honr ; strain off the decoction, and pour the same quan- 
 tity of water on the residuum, which is to be boiled for two 
 hours ; towards the end of the boiling add the borage flower, 
 senna, and rose leaves, and then strain off, and to both decoc- 
 tions add the sugar and honey, and boil the whole to the con- 
 sistence of a sirup. 
 
 The dose for a man is six tablespoonfuls, and for a woman 
 four, taken without addition, at six in the morning. 
 
 The sarsaparilla ptisan is then to be commenced, and is made 
 as follows : — 
 
 Boil Eij. of Sarsaparilla in three quarts of water, to two 
 quarts, suffer it to infuse during the night, and strain it off' in 
 the morning. 
 
 This is to be drunk by the tumblerful, and several are to be 
 taken during the day. 
 
 The above preparation has been asserted, by the New York 
 Medical Society, to be nearly identical with the noted Panacea 
 of Swaim. It is believed that corrosive sublimate is often intro- 
 duced into these nostrums at the discretion of the vender. That 
 both the French and American have frequently salivated, is 
 well ascertained. 
 
 Decoction of Burdock. 
 
 R. Kadicis Lappa?, 3iij. 
 
 Aqua), Oiij. 
 Kcduce the fluid by boiling to two pints, and strain. A teacup- 
 ful may be taken for a dose, five or six times a day. 
 
 In syphilis, scurvy, arthritic affections, &c. 
 

 DIAPHORETICS. OV 
 
 Decoction of Mezereon. 
 
 R. Mezerei, Jvj. 
 Aquas, Ovj. 
 
 Eeduce by boiling to Ebiv., and near the end of the decoction, 
 add Eadicis Glycyrrhizse, 3j. Strain, and give from one to four 
 pounds per diem, as the stomach will bear it. In scrofula 
 complicated with syphilis, &c. 
 
 Compound Decoction of jSarsaparilla. 
 
 R. Decocti Sarsaparillse Compositi, Oj. 
 Give a teacupful four or five times a day. 
 
 This preparation, a formula for which is to be found in almost 
 every Pharmacopoeia, has long been celebrated in the sequelae of 
 syphilis, and the disease produced by the improper exhibition 
 of mercury. It is also much employed in rheumatism. The 
 rules laid down in the Dispensatories for the preparation of the 
 decoction should be closely observed. 
 
 Decoction of Zittmann. 
 
 This preparation has long been used successfully in Germany 
 and England, and is now coming into notice in this country, as 
 a valuable remedy in the treatment of secondary syphilis, com- 
 plicated with a scrofulous diathesis. The formulas given below 
 I have translated from a work published by Prof. Walther, of 
 Leipzig, in 184:7, and which he says are copied from Zittmann's 
 original prescription (nach der Originalvorschrift.) It will be 
 seen that the strength of the decoction varies materially from 
 the formulae heretofore published. Editor. 
 
 R. Sarsaparilla, in chips, Ixij. 
 
 Digest in a tinned vessel for 24 hours, with spring water, 
 
 mxlviii., then add, inclosed in a small bag — 
 Of Saccharine Alum, 1 gjss. 
 " Calomel, 3ss. 
 " Cinnabar, 3j. 
 B oil down to Sbxyj . "When the boiling is nearly completed add — 
 Of Senna, Siij. 
 " bruised Aniseed, 
 
 " Eennelseed each, 3ss. 
 Remove from the fire and add — 
 
 Of bruised Liquorice root, ^jss. 
 And when cold, strain, and mark : The Strong Decoction. 
 
 1 Saccharine Alum consists of Alum four parts, and Kino one part. 
 
 DORVAITLT. 
 
90 DIAPHORETICS. 
 
 R. To the dregs of the strong decoction, add, 
 Sarsaparilla, in chips, Ivj. 
 
 Digest for twenty -four -hours in spring water, Ifcxlviij. 
 Then boil down to Ibxvi. When the boiling is nearly com- 
 pleted, add — 
 Of Lemon Peel, sliced, "] 
 " Cinnamon, bruised, j-each3iij. 
 " Cardamoms, " J - 
 Eemove from the fire ; add — 
 
 Of bruised Liquorice root, 3yj. 
 When cold, strain, and mark : The Weak Decoction. 
 
 Patients with constitutional, or secondary syphilis, or invet- 
 erate skin diseases complicated with a scrofulous habit, are 
 treated in the following manner : At night, the patient takes a 
 purgative dose of calomel and jalap, or some other active ca- 
 thartic, "and the next morning begins the regular course, 
 by drinking one-half of a quart bottle of the strong decoc- 
 tion, taking a glass of it warm every half hour, in bed to 
 bring out the perspiration. In the afternoon, he takes a whole 
 bottle of the weak decoction, cold, in divided doses ; and in the 
 evening he drinks (cold) the remaining half of his bottle of strong 
 decoction. This is repeated for four days. On the sixth, a pur- 
 gative is again administered; and for the following four days 
 the decoctions are used. On the eleventh, pills are again given, 
 and then all treatment is suspended for a week. If the cure is 
 not completed, the same process is again resorted to. The diet 
 should consist of light broths, bread, and lean roasted meats." 
 
 Although the above prescription cannot be defended on strict 
 chemical and pharmaceutical grounds, yet the remarkable suc- 
 cess attending its use in many of the hospitals of Europe, entitle 
 it to notice. 
 
 MIXTURES. 
 Mixture of Muriate of Baryta and Iron. 
 
 R. Barii Chloridi, 3ss. 
 
 Aqua) Mentha? Piperita), fSijss. 
 
 Tinctura) Ferri Chloridi, f oSS. 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f 3J. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tcaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 Used in obstinate scrofulous diseases. Each dose contains 
 about one grain of the chloride of barium, and seventeen drops 
 of the muriate I tincture of iron. This corresponds in strength 
 with a prescription by Fischer. 
 
DIAPHOEETICS. 91 
 
 Mixture with Buchu and Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Infiisi Bucliu, f Jviij. 
 
 Liquoris Potassae, f 5j. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, Jss. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, f 3iij. 
 Fiat mist ura. Signa. — Take two tablespoonfuls three times 
 a day. 
 
 Used in chronic rheumatism. S. Wright. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate Solution. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosiyi, gr. j. 
 
 Solve in Aquam, flss. 
 Dein adde — 
 
 Syrupi Sarsaparillae Compositi, f svijss. 
 Misce bene. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful three times daily. 
 
 Used in chronic rheumatism, secondary syphilis, and various 
 skin diseases. Editor. 
 
 Sarsa/parilla Beer. 
 
 R. Sarsaparillae contusae, ft>ij. 
 
 Pulveris Gruaiaci Corticis, oviij. 
 
 Ligni Guaiaci concisi, 
 
 Anisi, 
 
 Eadicis Glycyrrhizae contusae, aa ifiv. 
 
 Mezerei, Ij. 
 
 Sacchari Faecis, Bbij. 
 
 Caryophylli contusi, Iss. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, cougios iv. 
 Mix these ingredients, and agitate the vessel thrice a day. When 
 a fermentation has well begun it is fit for use, and may be 
 taken in the dose of a small tumblerful twice or thrice a day. 
 
 " This is the Spanish recipe for the Jarave or diet drink, some- 
 what modified. If intended for old and obstinate complaints, as 
 leprous affections, elephantiasis, various anomalous ulcerations 
 and foul disorders of the skin, there may be added to the jug, 
 after fermentation has well begun, tartrate of antimony twelve 
 grains, corrosive sublimate eight or ten grains, muriate of am- 
 monia one dram, dissolved previously in a little water. These 
 remedies greatly increase the alterative powers of the vegetable 
 infusion, and so effectually prevent its decomposition that it may 
 be kept for a long time unaltered, even in a hot climate." — See 
 Hancock on Sarsaparilla. Journal of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy, vol. i. No. 4. 
 
CLASS VI 
 
 EXPECTOEANTS. 
 
 During- the administration of Expectorants the patient should 
 be kept warm, and, if the complaint be violent, in bed. The 
 dose of all Expectorants should be repeated sufficiently often 
 to allay the irritation as much as possible ; for it is obvious 
 that the act of coughing increases that very irritation which 
 originally gave rise to it. 
 
 POWDEKS, PILLS, AND LOZENGES. 
 
 Powders of Myrrh, Ipecacuanha, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Myrrhas, gr. xij. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, gr. yj. 
 
 Potassas Nitratis, 5ss. 
 
 Misce, et divide in partes iv. One to be taken every fourth 
 hour. A stimulating expectorant. — Paris's Pharmacologics 
 
 Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, et Opii, 5ss. 
 
 Divide in chartulas iij. Signa. — One, two or three times in 24 
 hours, mixed in sugar and water. , 
 
 This, the Dover's powder, has been already introduced under 
 the head of Diaphoretics, where, perhaps, it most properly be- 
 longs; but it often proves of such decided advantage a's an 
 expectorant, as to deserve an insertion here. 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 93 
 
 Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, Opium, &c. 
 
 R. Potassae Nitratis, 3j- 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. iij. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 
 Ipecacuanhas, gr. iij. vel vj. 
 
 Misce, et divide in chartnlas vj. Signa. — One every two or 
 three hours in sirup or molasses. 
 
 This preparation closely resembles the former, with the ex- 
 ception that it contains calomel. 
 
 All powders containing calomel, or other metallic preparations, 
 should be given in sirup, as they sink when water is employed 
 as the vehicle. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 Pulveris Myrrhss, Jiss. 
 Confectionis Kosse, q. s. ut flant pilulas xx. 
 
 This prescription is taken from the Pharmacologia of Dr. 
 Paris, who recommends two of the pills to be taken twice a day. 
 
 It is principally used in pertussis ; but a more efficient direc- 
 tion would be to reduce the myrrh to a dram, on account of the 
 size of the pills, and to give a pill qyqtj two hours. Dr. Paris 
 remarks, that the principal nostrums for hooping-cough are 
 formed either of opium or sulphate of zinc. 
 
 Pills of Conium, Ipecacuanha, &c. 
 
 R. Extract! Conii, 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhse et Opii, aa gr. x. 
 
 Misce, et flant pilulae v. — Of which two may be taken at bed- 
 time. In pulmonary irritation, attended with rheumatic and 
 other local pains. 
 
 Pills of Tartar Emetic, &c. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, 
 Pulveris Opii, aa gr. jss. 
 
 Tragacanth.se, gr. x. 
 
 Confectionis Kosse, q. s. ut flant pilulae xxv. Two to be taken 
 night and morning. In chronic pulmonary catarrh. 
 
 Dr. Pariset. 
 
94 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Pills of Squill, Ammoniac, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Scillae, gr. xxx. 
 
 Ammoniaci, 3iss. 
 
 Extracti Conii, gr. xxx. 
 Divide into xxx. pills ; of which, two may be taken twice a day. 
 In asthma and chronic catarrh. 
 
 Pills of Squill, Calomel, &c. 
 
 R. Hyclrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. iij. 
 
 Scillae recentis, 
 
 Ammoniaci, aa 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhas et Opii, 3ss. 
 
 Confectionis Eosas, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xxx. 
 One, three or four times a day. In troublesome cough. 
 
 Dr. Latham. 
 
 The recent squill is greatly preferred by some physicians. It 
 is generally given in double the dose of the dried root. 
 
 Pills of Calomel, Squill, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xxiv. 
 
 Pulveris Scillae, 3ss. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. vj. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. xviij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiant pilulas xxiv. Signa. — One every night. In catarrhal 
 affections. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, 9ss. 
 
 Confectionis Eosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xx. — One of these 
 
 pills may be given three times a day. In phthisis and 
 pertussis. 
 
 Tar Pills. 
 
 R. Picis liquidas, 3j. 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xxx. — One to be 
 taken every three or four hours. 
 
 Pills of Tar, Gentian, and Quassia. 
 
 R. Picis liquidas, 3j. 
 
 Extract] Quassia, gr. xx. 
 
 Pulveris Gentianas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xx. Signa. — To take 
 morning, noon, and niorht. 
 
EXPECTOKANTS. 95 
 
 Tar may be advantageously made into pills with powdered 
 gentian alone, and thus combine the tonic and expectorant 
 effect. 
 
 Pills of Myrrh, &c. 
 
 B. Myrrhse, 5iss. 
 
 Pulveris Scillse, 3ss. 
 Extracti Hyoscyami, Bij. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xxx. — Two to be taken 
 night and morning. 
 
 These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in phthisis and 
 catarrh attended with great debility of the pulmonary organs. 
 
 Pills of Gyanuret of Potassium. 
 
 B. Potassii Cyanureti, gr. j. 
 Amyli, gr. iv. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant pilulae viij. Dose, a pill night and 
 morning, watching its effect. 
 
 See remarks on Prussic Acid, page 105. 
 
 Wistar's Cough Lozenges. * 
 
 B. Pulveris Acacias, 
 
 Extracti Glycyrrhizas, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 5ij. 
 
 — : — . 9? 11 ' s r - ^*- 
 
 Olei Anisi, gtt. iv. 
 Misce, et adde — ■ 
 
 Aquas destillatas, q. s. ut fiant trochisci lx. Signet. — One of 
 these may be dissolved in the mouth three or four times 
 a day. 
 
 PJmetia Lozenges. 
 
 B. Emetias Fuscas, gr. xxxij. 
 Sacchari, jfij. 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. 
 Divide into lozenges, each weighing ten grains. One of these 
 will produce more or less nausea in a child ; but if this is not 
 desirable, they can be given in divided portions. Adults 
 may take several at intervals of two hours, without the risk 
 of vomitins;. 
 
96 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 * 
 
 Cubeb Lozenges. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cubebas, 3ij. 
 Balsami Peruviani, gr. vj. 
 Syrupi Tolutani, fij. 
 Extracti Glycyrrhizse, 3j. 
 Acacias, q. s. 
 Mix, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. These are 
 called Spitta's lozenges, and are celebrated for the relief they 
 afford in coryza. 
 
 Jackson's Pectoral Lozenges. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, gr. x. 
 
 Antimonii Sulphureti prascipitati, gr. v. 
 
 Morphias Muriatis, gr. yj. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, "] 
 
 Sacchari ? \- aa 3xj. 
 
 Extracti Glycyrrhizas J 
 
 Olei Sassafras, gtt. iv. 
 
 Tincturas Tolutanas, f3iv. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, in trochiscos cc. diviclenda. 
 
 Each lozenge, weighing ten grains, contains of ipecacuanha 
 gr. ^q, of precipitated sulphuret gr. ^ and of the muriate 
 of morphia gr. -g 1 ^. 
 Signa. — One of these to be dissolved in the mouth, when the 
 cough is troublesome. S. Jackson. 
 
 EXPECTOKANT SIEUPS. 
 
 Sirup of Squills. 
 
 R. Syrupi Scillas, fgj. 
 
 Signa. — Take a teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 Sirup of Garlic. 
 
 R. Syrupi Allii, f|j. 
 
 Signa. — Give a teaspoonful to a child every three hours. 
 
 This, like the sirup of squills, is an excellent expectorant, 
 being somewhat stimulant in its character. 
 
 Sirup of Senelea Snake-root. 
 
 B. Syrupi Scncg.no, f.sj. 
 
 Sign". — Take a teaspoonful every three hours as a stimulant 
 expectorant. 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 97 
 
 Coxe's Hive Sirup. 
 
 B. Syrupi Scilke Compositi, Oj. 
 
 A small teaspoonful may be given to a child of one year old with 
 croup every quarter, half, or one hour, according to the vio- 
 lence of the disease, and until vomiting ensues ; then discon- 
 tinue it. 
 
 Sirups of Squills, Seneka, and Ipecacuanha. 
 
 B. Syrupi Scillas, 
 
 Senegas, aa fass. 
 
 Ipecacuanhas, f Jj. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 This is a favorite combination with some physicians, as it 
 combines the expectorant qualities of the squill and seneka, 
 with the relaxing effect of the ipecacuanha. 
 
 Sirup of Assafetida. 
 
 B. Assafcetidas, 3j. 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 Sacchari, Bbij. 
 Triturate the assafetida in a mortar, with a portion of the 
 boiling water, until a uniform paste is formed ; then gradu- 
 ally add the remainder of the water, strain, and add the sugar, 
 applying a gentle heat to dissolve it. Kichard Peltz. 
 
 Dose, a teaspoonful every three hours, for a child five years 
 
 old. 
 
 Each nuidounce contains fifteen grains of assafetida. This 
 preparation will keep a month in the hottest weather. Its taste 
 is less nauseous than the milk of assafetida, and altogether, it is 
 one of the very best modes of administering the fetid drug to 
 children in hooping-cough, I am acquainted with. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Sirup of Wild Cherry Bark. 
 
 B. Syrupi Pruni Yirginianas, f^ij. 
 
 Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every three hours. 
 
 When well prepared, this represents the tonic and sedative 
 properties of the wild cherry, which render this bark so pecu- 
 liarly applicable to the treatment of phthisis. 
 
98 EXPECTOBAXTS. 
 
 Jackson's Pectoral Sirup. 
 
 R. Sassafras Medullas, Jj. 
 
 Acacias, 5J. 
 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 Macera per boras decern vel duodecim, dein adde — 
 
 Sacchari, gxxj. 
 Et solve sine calore, cola, et adde — 
 
 Morphias Muriatis, gr. viij. 
 Signa. — Take from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, according 
 to circumstances, every three hours. 
 
 It is intended that this preparation, when completed, shall 
 measure two pints, and if it does not, the operator is to add the 
 complement of water, so that each fluidounce shall contain one- 
 fourth of a grain of the muriate of morphia. It is much em- 
 ployed in Philadelphia. Samuel Jackson. 
 
 EXPECTORANT MIXTURES. 
 
 Brown Mixture. 
 
 R. Pulveris Extracti GTycyrrhizas, 
 
 Acacias, aa 5ij. 
 
 Aquas ferventis, fjiv. 
 Misce, flat solutio, et adde — 
 
 Spirit us ^Etheris Nitrici, f3j. 
 
 Yini Antimonii, f3ij. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. vel lx. 
 Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose, pro re nata. In catarrh. 
 
 A preparation very similar to this is now officinal under the 
 name of Mistura Glycyrrhizce Composita. 
 
 Mixture with Sirup of Squill, d'c. 
 
 R. Syrupi Scillas, flss. 
 
 Tincturas Opii Camphoratas, f5ij. 
 
 Vini Antimonii, f 3j- 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3ss. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f^iij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful every two or three hours. 
 
 This is more particularly designed for children. 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 99 
 
 Mixture with Seneka, Squill, Tartar Emetic, &c. 
 
 R. Decocti Senega, f aiv. 
 
 Svrupi Ipecacuanha?, f 5J. 
 
 Oxyniellis Scilla?, f3iij. 
 
 Anthnonii et Potassa? Tartratis, gr. j. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A teaspoonful, pro re nata, for children 
 of two years of age and upwards. In cronp. 
 
 Mixture with SeneJca, Ammoniac, and Tola. 
 
 R. Senega? contusa?, 5ij. 
 
 Aqua? bullientis, f^viij. 
 Coque ad f §vj. Cola, et adde — 
 
 Syrnpi Tolutani, f sj. 
 
 Ammoniaci, Jss. 
 Misce. — A tablespoonfnl every two hours. In catarrh. 
 
 Mixture of Extract of Conium, &c. 
 
 R. Extract! Conii, 3j. 
 
 Tinctura? Opii Camphorata?, f ^ss. 
 
 Syrnpi Tolntani, f 5ss. 
 
 Aqua? Eosa3, f liv. 
 Misce. Signa. — From half to a whole teaspoonfal may be given 
 once in four hours to a child a year old, watching the effect. 
 
 Dr. Pearson, in his work on pertussis, recommends the above 
 as a valuable formula. 
 
 Mixture of Almond Emulsion, &c, 
 
 R. Mistura? Amygdala?, f Ev. 
 
 Vini Ipecacuanha?, 
 
 Tinctura? Scilla?, aa f Jj. 
 
 Syrnpi Tolutani, f 5yj. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take a tablespoonfnl whenever the cough is 
 urgent. 
 
 White Linctus. 
 
 R. Amygdala? clulcis, No. xv. 
 
 Tragacantha?, 9j. 
 
 Syrnpi, faj. 
 
 Olei Amygdala?, fjij. 
 
 Aurantii Ploris Aqua?, Lond. f 3ij. 
 
 Aqua? destillata?, f iiv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonfnl for a dose, frequently through 
 the day. In catarrh. 
 
100 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Mixture with Tartar Emetic and Laudanum. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. j. 
 Aquas destillatae, f |j. 
 Tinctures Opii, "Ixx. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful, or a dessertspoonful ac- 
 cording to the age of the child, in hooping-cough. 
 
 Sir. Wm. Watson. 
 
 Mixture with Sal Ammoniac, Squills, etc. 
 
 B. Ammonias Muriatis, Iss. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3ij. 
 
 Extracti Glycyrrhizas, 5hj. 
 
 Aquas, f 3vjss. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, f 3jss. 
 
 Aceti Scillas, f 3iij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa, — A tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 A stimulating expectorant and alterative. Goeden. 
 
 Mixture with Naphthaline. 
 
 K. Naphthalinas, gr. xyj. 
 
 Alcoholis, q. s. 
 Ut fiat solutio. Dein adde — 
 
 Syrupi, f 3iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 This is a stimulating expectorant, useful in chronic catarrh, 
 humoral asthma, etc. Dupasquier. 
 
 Mixture of Oil of Amber and Tolu. 
 
 B. Olei Succini rectificati, gtt. Ixxx. 
 
 Acacias, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 3ss. 
 
 Aquas destillatae, f §iv. 
 
 Tinctures Tolutanas, f 3ij- 
 Fiat mistura secundum artem. Signa. — A tablespoonful every 
 two or three hours. In spasmodic cough. 
 
 Mixture with Carbonate of Potash, d'c. 
 
 U. Potassas Carbonatis, 3ij. 
 
 Vini Antimonii, f 3j. 
 
 Tincturse Opii, gtt. xl, 
 
 Spiritfis Lavandulae Oompositi, f3ij« 
 
 A'|u;c destillatse, f'siv. 
 Fiat mistura. — And let a tablespoonful be taken every hour or 
 two hours. 
 
EXPECTOEANTS. 101 
 
 Mixture with Bicarbonate of Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Sodae Bicarbonatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Yini Ipecacuanhas, gtt. xx. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. iv. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f 3j. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful every two or three hours. 
 
 This preparation is designed for children, and is chiefly used 
 in pertussis. 
 
 Cochineal Mixture. 
 
 R. Potassae Carbonatis, 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Cocci, 9ss. 
 
 Sacchari, Jj. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f iiv. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose for children, a teaspoonful every two or 
 three hours. 
 
 A popular remedy in pertussis. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Digitalis, &c. 
 
 R. Tincturae Digitalis, f Jj. 
 
 Opii, gtt. lx. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f oij. 
 Misce. — A small teaspoonful may be taken three or four times 
 a day. In haemoptysis and in incipient phthisis. 
 
 Mixture of Assafetida, &c. 
 
 R. Assafoetidae, 3j- 
 
 Aquae, f §iv. 
 Fiat mistura, et aclde — 
 
 Tincturae Tolutanae, f^ss. 
 
 Opii, gtt. xx. vel xl. 
 
 A teaspoonful to a child every two hours, and a dessertspoonful 
 (or more) as frequently to an adult. 
 
 This preparation is of great value in pertussis and other spas- 
 modic diseases of the chest. 
 
 Tincture of Bloodroot. 
 
 R. Tincturae Sanguinariae, f^j. 
 
 Direct from 30 to 50 drops every three hours. 
 
 This native product is one of the most powerful medicinal 
 agents. It is violently emetic in large doses, but in the quantity 
 
102 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 recommended is said to produce diaphoresis and effects analo- 
 gous to those of digitalis. 
 
 Its active principle is called sanguinarina. 
 
 Mixture of Gum Ammoniac, &c. 
 
 R. Ammoniaci, 3j- 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f ^iv. 
 Fiat mistura, et adde — 
 
 Oxymellis Scillae, f 3ij. 
 
 Tincture Opii Camphoratae, f Iss. 
 A tablespoonful may be given every two hours. 
 
 A stimulating expectorant. 
 
 Mixture with Milk of Assafetida and Acetate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Assafoetidae, 5ss. 
 
 Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, 
 
 Aquae Menthae Viridis, aa f ^ij. 
 Fiat mistura. — A teaspoonful to children, and a tablespoonful 
 
 to adults, in coughs, pro re nata. 
 
 This simple solution of assafetida is frequently employed, 
 and is found to answer every purpose of more complicated 
 prescriptions. 
 
 Mixture of Copaiba and Balsam Tolu, &c. 
 
 R. Copaibae, 
 
 Balsami Tolutani, 
 Pulveris Acaciae, aa 3ss. 
 Aquae destillatae, f^vj. 
 Acidi Sulphurici ArOmatici, gtt. xx. 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, a tablespoonful, pro re nata. In chronic 
 hooping-cough. "When there is hectic excitement, digitalis 
 may be added. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu iviih Digitalis ', &c. 
 
 R. Tincturae Tolutanae, f *iss. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, f5ss. 
 
 Tincturae Digitalis, f3j. 
 
 Vini Antimonii, f.^ij. 
 
 Mellis despumati, fjiss. 
 
 Pulveris Extract! Glycyrrhizae, Jss. 
 
 Acruae destillataB, fivj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be given according 
 to circumstances. 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 103 
 
 Mixture with Balsam Peru, dec. 
 
 R. Balsami Peruviani, 5ss. 
 
 Acaciae, q. s. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, 
 
 destillatas, aa f Ess. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — To be taken at once, and repeated three or 
 four times a day. 
 
 The different balsams were at one time almost proscribed 
 from the class of expectorants, on account of their stimulating 
 qualities. Copaiba, however, and some others of this class, are 
 now much employed in diseases of the pulmonary mucous mem- 
 brane ; and the author has himself prescribed it with great advan- 
 tage in the peculiar hoarseness that follows measles. Ellis. 
 
 Tar Beer. 
 
 R. Strong Beer, one gallon. 
 Tar, sufficient to saturate. 
 
 Mix, and allow them to macerate for three days, with occasional 
 agitation. Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls several times a 
 day. Eobinson. 
 
 Tar Water. 
 R. Picis liquidae, Oij. 
 
 Aquae, Cong. j. 
 Mix them, and stir them together with a wooden rod for an 
 hour ; then let the tar subside, strain the water and keep it 
 in well-corked bottles. — A pint, or even two pints, may be 
 taken daily; but in some cases the dose must be greatly 
 diminished. 
 
 Decoction of Tar and Bran, sometimes called Jew's Beer, or Wine 
 
 of Tar. 
 Water, three quarts, 
 Wheat bran, one quart, 
 Tar, one pint, 
 Honey, half pint. 
 To be simmered together for three hours, and when cool, add a 
 pint of brewer's yeast, and let it stand for thirty-six hours. 
 Then bottle it. Dose, a tablespoonful morning, noon, and 
 night. 
 
 Mixture of Gum Ammoniac and Nitric Acid, called Nitric Lac 
 Ammoniac. 
 R. Ammoniaci Dijss. 
 Acidi Mtrici, f 3ij. 
 Aquae, f^viij. 
 Pour the nitric acid and water together, then add the compound 
 
104 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 gradually to the gum, incorporating them well in a composi- 
 tion mortar. A tablespoonful may be taken three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 This preparation is strongly recommended in protracted 
 catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, by Dr. J. Stuart, author of a 
 treatise on Golds. 
 
 Mixture of Spermaceti, dec. 
 
 R. Cetacei, Jij. 
 Sacchari, giij. 
 
 Tincturas Opii Camphoratas, f 3ss. 
 Aquas, Oviij. 
 Eub the spermaceti and sugar together with the yelk of an egg, 
 then gradually mix the water. — A tablespoonful for a dose, 
 four or five times a day. In catarrh. 
 
 Sirup of Tolu with Belladonna, dr. 
 
 R. Extracti Belladonnas, gr. viij. vel xij. 
 Yini Ipecacuanhas, fjj. 
 Syrupi Senegas, f Ess. 
 
 Tolutani, f *iijss. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — To take a teaspoonful three or four times a 
 day, freely using gum water acidulated with lemon-juice. In 
 coughs. 
 
 Infusion of Flaxseed, dec. 
 
 B. Lini, %}. 
 
 Eadicis Glycyrrhizas contusas, Ess. 
 Aquas bullieutis, Oij. 
 Macerate for two or three hours uear the fire, in a covered 
 vessel ; strain, and add lemon-juice sufficient to make it 
 agreeable. 
 
 It may be given as a common drink in catarrh. 
 
 Decoction of Iceland Moss. 
 
 It. Cetrarias, 5J. 
 Aquas, Ojss. 
 Boil to one pint, and strain. 
 
 This article once acquired great celebrity in coughs; but 
 was overrated, and lost its reputation. It contains a bitter 
 quality, winch is sometimes an advantage in dyspepsia and 
 phthisis. If freed from this, by macerating before boiling, and 
 throwing the first liquor away, as is sometimes done, the pre- 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 105 
 
 paration is reduced to a mere demulcent, and has no advantages 
 over other members of that class. 
 
 Prussic or Hydrocyanic Acid. 
 
 As prussic acid rises to the top of an aqueous mixture, 
 thereby rendering the dose very uncertain, we prefer directing 
 the patient to drop the dose each time into a solution of gum 
 Arabic or simple sirup. It should be kept covered from the 
 light, and not allowed to be accessible to those unacquainted 
 with its power, as even a strong inhalation will sometimes pros- 
 trate an adult. Ellis & Morton. 
 
 The physician should also know after what process the acid 
 is made that he prescribes, and that it corresponds in strength 
 with the officinal standard. In other words, that he is employ- 
 ing the Acidum Hydrocyanicum diluturn of the U. S. Pharmaco- 
 poeia, the dose of which is one or two drops, three times a day, 
 in mucilage, or sugar and water, and augmented one drop 
 daily until its action on the system is developed. Editor. 
 
 Pectoral Mixture. 
 
 R. Acidi Hydrocyanici diluti (one fluidram), f5j. 
 Aquas destillatas, Oj. 
 Sacchari, siss. 
 Mat mistura. Signa. — A dessertspoonful may be taken morning 
 and evening, and gradually increased (if necessary) to six or 
 eight spoonfuls in the twent}^-four hours — shaking the vial 
 each time. Magendie. 
 
 Mixture with Prussic Acid. 
 
 H. Acacias, Iss. 
 
 Aquas, f ovijss. 
 Eiat solutio, et adde — 
 
 Syrupi Tolutani, f ^ss. 
 
 Acidi Hydrocyanici diluti, gtt. xij. 
 Eiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every three hours. 
 
 This is "a medium dose," which I prefer in commencing the use 
 of so poAverful a medicine. — S. Gr. Morton, Illustrations of Pul- 
 monary Consumption, p. 132. 
 
 In the former editions of this work, two formulas were given 
 for the preparation of "Magendie's medicated solution of hyclro- 
 cyanate of potassa." The following is more simple, and corre- 
 sponds with them precisely in strength and dose. Editor, 
 
106 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Mixture of Hydrocyanate of Potash. 
 
 R. Potassii Cyanureti (seven grains), gr. vij. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, Oj. 
 Fiat solntio, et adde — 
 
 Sacchari, 3jss. 
 Misce. Dose, a tablespoonful night and morning, watching 
 its effect. Each dose contains one-fifth of a grain. 
 
 The cyamiret of potassium is said to exercise the same power 
 over the system as prussic acid, being equally active, but with 
 the advantage of being a more uniform and permanent medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Mixture with Cyanuret of Potassium. 
 
 B=. Potassii Cyanureti (half a grain), gr. ss. 
 
 Aquae Lactucae, f^ij. 
 
 Syrupi Altheae, f sj. 
 Fiat mistura. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. 
 
 Magendie. 
 
 We cannot enjoin too much caution in the use of all the pre- 
 parations of prussic acid, some of which are extremely variable 
 in themselves, and all produce very unequal effects on different 
 constitutions. It is questionable whether the practice of medi- 
 cine has gained anything by their adoption into the Materia 
 Meclica. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Lobelia and Prussic Acid. 
 
 E. Tincturae Lobeliae, f.^j. 
 
 Acidi Hydrocyanici dilnti, gtt. j. vel ij. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — To be taken at a dose, three or four times a day. 
 Highly serviceable in asthma and (in smaller doses) in hoop- 
 ing-cough. Livezey. 
 
 Mixture of Gum Ammoniac, d-c. 
 
 R. Misturae Ammoniaci, f^iij. 
 
 Tincturae Castorei, f3ss. 
 
 Syrupi Tolutani, f ,fss. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. xx. vcl xxx. 
 
 Aquae Cirmamomi, f 5j. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A small tablespoonful every three or 
 four hours, in troublesome cough. Dr. Meigs. 
 
EXPECTOEAXTS. 107 
 
 Mixture of Morphia and Tolu. 
 
 R. Oxymellis Scillas, fliss. 
 Syrupi Tolntani, f^ss. 
 Morphias Acetatis, gr. ss. vel j. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful may be taken every two or three 
 hours, pro re nata. In phthisis, and other diseases attended 
 with cough. 
 
 Tolu with Morphia and Antimony. 
 
 R. Mucilaginis Acacias, Oj. 
 
 Syrupi Tolutani, f 3ij. 
 
 Morphias Sulphatis, gr. i. vel ij. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassas Tartratis, gr. i. vel ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be given every two hours. 
 
 Moetcxn" on Consumption, p. 123. 
 
 Decoction of Seneka SnaTceroot. 
 
 R. Kadicis Senegas contuses, §j. 
 
 Glycyrrhizas, Ess. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, Ojss. 
 Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
 
 This decoction is prescribed in pectoral diseases, and espe- 
 cially in croup. It is sometimes too pungent, and may require 
 to be much diluted. 
 
 Infusion of Tar and Hops. 
 
 R. Picis liquidas, Ij. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oij. 
 
 Humuli, Iss. 
 Misce et cola. 
 Dose, a tablespoonful morning, noon, and night. 
 
 INHALATION. 
 
 Inhalation is a means of applying remedies directly to the 
 lungs. A good instrument for this purpose is the Inhaler of 
 Muclge ; but as a substitute the common teapot may be used, 
 or a funnel inverted over a bowl. The substances usually se- 
 lected for inhalation are, the steam of warm water ; the steam 
 of vinegar, produced by pouring it into boiling water ; and 
 various other articles next to be enumerated. 
 
108 EXPECTORANTS. 
 
 Inhalation of Balsam of Tolu. 
 
 R. Balsami Tolutani, §j. 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Misce. — To be inhaled. 
 
 Ether is also used alone, or impregnated. When saturated 
 with cicuta, and inhaled from a wineglass, it is adapted to pro- 
 tracted catarrh, pneumonia, consumption, &o. Dr. Morton ad- 
 vises Dr. Pearson's formula, which consists in keeping a dram 
 of powdered cicuta in an ounce of ether for a week. A tea- 
 spoonful or two of this impregnated fluid may be inhaled at a 
 time, and repeated thrice per diem. — Morton on Consumption, p. 
 186. The latter practitioner has more recently recommended 
 the following formula : — 
 
 Ethereal Tincture of Iodine and Cicuta for Inhalation, 
 
 R. Iodinii, gr. viij. 
 
 Pulveris Conii, gr. xvj. 
 jEtheris, fSij. 
 Macerate the ingredients together for 24 hours or more. Half 
 a teaspoonful at a time is to be breathed from a wineglass 
 , grasped in the warm hand, and repeated twice or thrice a day. 
 If it does not affect the head, the quantity inhaled may be 
 gradually increased to a teaspoonful. S. Gr. Morton. 
 
 The following is Dr. Scudamore's recipe for Iodine inhalation : — 
 
 R. Iodinii, 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, aa gr. vj. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f^v. 3vj. 
 
 Alcoholis, f^j. 
 Mix, and use for inhalation. 
 
 I usually commence with a dram of this mixture, proceed- 
 ing gradually to the extent of half an ounce (rarely more), 
 putting two-thirds the dose for the first half of the time (10, 15, 
 or 20 minutes), and the other third for the remainder, always 
 adding thirty minims of a saturated tincture of conium, with 
 an increase if the cough be very irritable. Occasionally, I add 
 some saturated tincture of ipecacuanha ; and when the respira- 
 tion is spasmodically affected, some ethereal tincture of lobelia 
 inflata. Scudamore. 
 
 Stramonium is particularly serviceable in asthma and con- 
 sumption. The root, is cut, dried, and smoked from a common 
 
 Fumigation with tar and turpentine is also much in use. It 
 
EXPECTORANTS. 109 
 
 is usually applied by placing the tar on a dish over coals, and 
 suffering it slowly to evaporate ; but a far neater and more 
 effectual mode is that practised by Sir Alexander Crichton, viz : 
 " An ounce of potash is added to every pound of tar, in order 
 that the latter may be deprived of its pyroligneous acid. The 
 two ingredients being well mixed, should be first boiled for a 
 few minutes in the open air, in order to disengage any impurities, 
 and then be kept at a simmer in the room of the patient. This 
 is effected by putting the mixture in an iron vessel, and placing 
 the latter over a spirit-lamp, or some analogous contrivance. 
 In this way, not only a chamber, but an entire house, is speedily 
 pervaded by a most agreeable vapor, which, although it may at 
 first excite some disposition to cough, both in healthy and sick 
 persons, very soon, in a majority of cases, allays this symptom, 
 and with it a great proportion of the patient's distress." — Morton, 
 ut supra. 
 
 The fumes of rosin were much employed by the late Dr. Par- 
 rish, of this city ; he directed it to be put on a hot shovel, or 
 coals, and allow the patient gradually to inhale it. To some 
 persons it is very agreeable, while the lungs of others cannot 
 tolerate it. 
 
 In some cases of croup, the inhalation of ether or Hoffman's 
 anodyne, will often procure prompt relief, and gain time for the 
 application of general remedies. 
 
 Chlorine gas has also been much used by inhalation, not pure, 
 however, but mixed or diluted with atmospheric air. For this 
 purpose a little acid of any kind may be dropped gently on a 
 mixture of chloride of lime, by which means the chlorine is 
 gradually disengaged, and is inhaled as it rises ; or the air of a 
 room may be pervaded with it in like manner. It has been 
 much commended in bronchitis and the kindred affections, but 
 is getting into disuse from its manifest inefficiency. 1 
 
 1 Fumigation of Chlorine. 
 R. Sodii Chloridi, flrij. 
 Oxidi Mangaiiesii, ^v. 
 Aquce, Ibj. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici, Ibj. 
 Mix the salt and manganese, and add at proper intervals the acid and water, 
 mingled. When used in the wards of hospitals or other infected apartments, 
 the patients should be previously removed. For the method of preparing the 
 different chlorides used as disinfecting agents, see Journal of the Philadelphia 
 College of Pharmacy, vol. i. No. 4. 
 
CLASS VII 
 
 EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 Emmenagog-ues are those medicines which promote the 
 menstrual discharge, or restore it when entirely suppressed. 
 Although by some authors the specific action of these medicines 
 on the uterus has been questioned, if not denied, yet by others, 
 of equal authority, it has been fully acknowledged. 
 
 It must, however, be observed, that amenorrhoea occurs 
 under opposite states of the system ; and when general debility 
 appears to be the cause of the local disease, it may be advisable 
 to accompany the emmenagogue with an active course of tonics. 
 While, on the contrary, if the obstruction be the effect of a ple- 
 thoric habit, bleeding, cathartics, &c, are essential prelimina- 
 ries to the successful exhibition of a specific remedy. 
 
 POWDERS AND PILLS. 
 Powder of Hiera pier a. 
 
 R. Pulveris Aloes et Canelhe, 3j- 
 
 Divide in chartulas yj. — One, three times a day. 
 
 Powder of Aloes, Canella Alba, d-c. 
 
 K. Pulveris Aloes, Jjss. 
 
 Canellao, gr. xviij. 
 
 Serpentariae, gr. yj. — xij. 
 
 Misce, divide in pulveres yj. iSigna. — One, every three or four 
 hours, in sirup. 
 
 This compound, another form of the hiera picra of the shops, 
 forms a very good purgative, and is usually employed as an 
 
EMMENAGOGUES. Ill 
 
 Powder of Madder. 
 
 R. Pulveris Rubiae, 5ss. 
 
 Signa. — A small teaspoonful to be taken morning, noon, and 
 night, in sugar and water. 
 
 There are three or four qualities of madder, which circum- 
 stance may account for its frequent inertness. 
 
 Powder with Savin, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Sabinas, 
 
 Zingiberis, aa £j. 
 
 Potassse Sulphatis, 3ij. 
 
 Fiant pulveres vj. Signa. — One to be taken twice a day. 
 
 Powder with Savin and Cantharides. 
 
 R. Pulveris Sabinae, 3j. 
 
 Cantharidis, gr. ij. 
 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres iv. Signa. — One to be taken every 
 night on going to bed, watching its effect. 
 
 Powder of Ergot. 
 
 R. Pulveris Ergotae, 9ij. 
 
 Divide in chartulas iv. — Of which one may be taken morning 
 and night, in sugar and water. 
 
 Drs. Chapman and Dorsey have placed this substance under 
 the head of Emmenagogues, where it seems properly to belong. 
 
 Powder with Savin and Borax. 
 
 R. Pulveris Sabinae, 
 
 Zingiberis, aa gr. vij. 
 
 Sodae Boratis, gr. xv. 
 
 Piat pulvis. 
 
 This powder is to be taken twice a day, in amenorrhoea 
 with a languid pulse. Thomson. 
 
 Pills of Myrrh, Sulphate of Iron, &c. 
 
 R. MyrrhaB, 9ij. 
 
 Potassae Carbonatis, Jss. 
 Ferri Sulphatis, 9ij. 
 Saponis, 3ss. 
 Piat massa, in pilulas xl. dividenda. — Of which two may be 
 taken morning, noon, and night. In suppression of the cata- 
 menia. 
 
112 EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 Compound Pills of Iron, 
 
 R. Myrrhae (in massa), 3ij. 
 
 Potassas Carbonatis, 3j. 
 Tere simul in pulverem, dein adde — 
 
 Pulveris Ferri Sulphatis, 5j- 
 
 Sacchari Communis, 3j- 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas lxxx. 
 
 No fluid of any kind is to be used, the brown sugar giving 
 a proper consistence. 
 
 Two or three pills are given three times a day in amenorrhoea 
 and chlorosis. Hulse. 
 
 Hooper's Pills. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, 3j- 
 
 Pulveris Jalapse, gr. xv. 
 
 Aloes et Canellse, 3j. 
 
 Myrrhee, gr. viij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas 1. 
 
 Of these pills two or three are taken at bedtime, for several 
 nights successively. They purge smartly, and I presume it is 
 by virtue of this property they operate so beneficially as an 
 emmenagogue. Chapman. 
 
 Pills with Digitalis, Myrrh, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. x. 
 Myrrhas, gr. xx. 
 
 Ferri Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas x. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
 Dr. Ash well recommends these pills in amenorrhoea combined 
 with epilepsy. Bkight. 
 
 Pills of Aloes, Sulphate of Iron, &c. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis exsiccati, 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Aloes, Bij. 
 
 Caryophylli, gr. v. 
 
 Terebinthina) Venetae, q. s. ut fiant piluhe xx. One to be 
 taken three times a day. 
 
EMMENAGOGUES. 113 
 
 DECOCTIONS, INFUSIONS, &c. 
 
 Decoction of Seneha. 
 
 B. Eadicis Senegae contusae, 3j. 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 
 Aurantii Corticis, ^ss. 
 Let the seneka simmer over a slow fire until the fluid be reduced 
 one-third; add the orange-peel, cover until cool, and then 
 strain. 
 
 Dr. Chapman observes : " My rule, in the administration of 
 the medicine in these cases (of* amenorrhoea), is to give about 
 four ounces of the decoction, more or less, during the day, ac- 
 cording to the circumstances of the case. But at the time when 
 the menstrual effort is expected to be made, and until the dis- 
 charge is actually induced, I push the dose as far as the stomach 
 will allow, having given as much as two ounces every hour." — 
 Therapeutics, vol. ii. p. 38. 
 
 Infusion of Ergot. 
 
 B. Ergotae contusae, gij. 
 Aquae bullientis, f 3iv. 
 
 Fiat infusum. — To be given by tablespoonfuls, in protracted par- 
 turition occasioned by deficiency of contractile power in the 
 uterus. 
 
 For the same purpose the powder may also be given in doses 
 of Bj., as well to assist in arresting uterine hemorrhage as to 
 promote the expulsion of the placenta. 
 
 Decoction of Madder. 
 
 R. Pulveris Eubiae, %]. 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add — 
 
 Caryophylli contusi, 5j- 
 Signa. — When cool, strain and give a wineglassful every three 
 hours, a short time before the expected return of the menstrual 
 discharge. — See'Dewees on Females, p. 74. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, 5j. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Dose, five to twenty drops. 
 
114 EMMENAGOG-UES. 
 
 Injection of Aqua Ammoniaz, &c. 
 
 B. Liquor is Ammonias, gtt. xx. 
 
 Lactis, f3j. 
 Misce. Signa. — This quantity to be thrown into the vagina 
 three or four times a day, in amenorrhoea. 
 
 Mixture of Camphor, &c. 
 
 B. Camphors, 9j. 
 
 Alcoholis, q. s. ut fiat pulvis, clein adde — 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 3j- 
 
 Sacchari, 5j. 
 
 Aqua3 Cinnamomi, f Ej. 
 Fiat mistura. 
 
 This mixture would more properly appear under the head of 
 Narcotics, but as Dr. Dewees considers it particularly efficacious 
 in dysmenorrhea, we have given it a place with Emmena- 
 gogues. He directs " one-half the above draught to be given 
 the instant pain is experienced, and if not relieved in an hour 
 or two, the remainder to be given." — Syst. of Midwifery, p. 158. 
 
 Sirup of Ergot. 
 
 B. Ergotas, gr. xx. 
 
 Extracti Opii, gr. f . 
 
 Syrupi, f 3viij. 
 
 Misce. Dose, two tablespoonfuls pro re nata, in engorgement 
 of the uterus. Lisfbanc. 
 
 Mixture with Cantharides, Hartshorn, &c. 
 
 B. Tincturae Gentianas Composite, f ojss. 
 
 Cantharidis, f 3j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, f Jiij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful three times daily. Useful in 
 chlorosis, and hysterical depression. * Ashwell. 
 
 TINCTUKES. 
 
 Tincture of Ergot. 
 
 B. Ergotao, sijss. 
 
 Alcoholis diluti, Oj. 
 Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. This is the formula 
 used in Guy's I Eospital. Dose, twenty drops to a dram. 
 
EMMENAGOGITES. 115 
 
 Tincture of Black Hellebore. 
 
 R. Tincturae Hellebori, £§]. 
 
 Signet. — Half a teaspoonful three times a day, gradually increas- 
 ing the quantity and watching its effect. 
 
 Tincture of Black Hellebore, Myrrh, &c. 
 
 R. Tincturae Hellebori, f 3ss. 
 
 Myrrhae, fjj. 
 
 Cantharidis, f3ij. 
 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, thirty drops, three times a day, in a little 
 sugar and water. 
 
 Dewees's Tincture of Guaiacum. 
 
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci, liv. 
 
 Sodas vel Potassae Carbonatis, 3iss. 
 Pulveris Pimentae, 3J. 
 Alcoholis diluti, Oj. 
 Misce. — "Digest for a few days. The volatile spirit of ammonia 
 to be added pro re nata, in the proportion of a dram or two, 
 to every four ounces of tincture." 
 
 The above formula is different from that adopted in the Phar- 
 macopoeias, for which reason we have inserted it here. Dr. 
 Dewees remarks that, after nearly thirty -five years' experience 
 with this tincture, he has never known it to fail in restoring the 
 suppressed catamenia, when the suppression was an idiopathic 
 disease. He gives it morning, noon, and night, in doses of a 
 teaspoonful in a little sweetened milk ; and sometimes in a 
 little Madeira, Sherry, or Teneriife wine. It is occasionally 
 necessary to continue the medicine for some weeks, on which 
 occasion, the dose must be judiciously augmented. — Syst. of 
 Midwifery, p. 149. 
 
 Volatile Tincture of Guaiacum and Copaiba. 
 
 R. Tincturae Guaiaci Ammoniatae, f sj. 
 
 Copaibae, f ^ss. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful two or three times a day. 
 
 In cases of amenorrhcea connected with general debility. 
 
 Saturated Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 R. lodinii, 9ij. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 3j. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae' Compositi, f 3ij. 
 Fiat tinctura. Signa. — From five to ten drops in sweetened 
 water twice a day, gradually increasing it. 
 
116 EMMENAGOGUES. 
 
 "VVe are informed by M. Durand, apothecary of this place, that 
 the above is a saturated tincture. It is prescribed in amenor- 
 rhcea, gonorrhoea, leucorrhcea, &c. 
 
 From its great activity it requires to be cautiously adminis- 
 tered. 
 
 Tincture of Cantharides. 
 
 R. Tincturae Cantharidis, f Iss. 
 
 Signa. — Take fifteen drops three times a day, in sugar and water. 
 
 The late Dr. Dewees was much in the habit of prescribing 
 this article in leucorrhcea, and suppression of the menses ; in- 
 creasing the dose a few drops every third day, until symptoms 
 of strangury were manifested, when he desisted altogether. 
 
 Muriated Tincture of Iron, &c. 
 R. Tincturae Ferri Chloridi, 
 
 Aloes et Myrrhae, aa f 3ss. 
 
 Castorei, f 3ij. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — Take ten to thirty drops three times a day in 
 a wineglassful of cold chamomile tea. 
 
 Tincture of Hiera Picra. 
 
 R. Pulveris Aloes et Canellae, 3jss. 
 
 Spiritus Vini Gallici, Oj. 
 Macera per dies decern et cola. 
 
 Signa. — A teaspoonful may be taken three times a day in sugar 
 and water. 
 
 A popular and most efficient remedy in amenorrhcea. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Aloes. 
 
 R. Tincturae Aloes et Myrrhae, f Ij. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful pro re nata. 
 
 Emmenagogue Suppository. 
 
 R. Olei Cacao, 3ij. 
 
 Pulveris Aloe's, gr. ij. 
 
 Castorei, gr. viij. 
 
 Pulveris Assafcetidae, gr. viij. 
 Fiat suppositorium. 
 
 One to be employed daily for several days at the expected 
 period of the menses. KiciiAiiD. 
 
CLASS VIII 
 
 ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 Anthelmintics are medicines employed to destroy and bring 
 away worms from the alimentary canal. They are also termed 
 Yermifoges. 
 
 The only unequivocal proof of the existence of worms in the 
 alimentary canal is the ejection of some of them^er anum, or, 
 as sometimes happens, by the mouth. When, in such cases, ver- 
 mifuges are resorted to, they must be persevered in for several 
 days, with the occasional intervention of an active cathartic. 
 
 POWDERS AND PILLS. 
 
 Calomel with Gamboge. 
 
 R. Hyclrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. v. 
 
 Pulveris Gambogise, gr. iij. vel vj. 
 Misce. — For an adult. To be taken in sirup early in the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Gamboge is sometimes given in doses of fifteen or twenty 
 grains for the tape-worm, and is highly spoken of in such 
 cases. 
 
 Calomel with Pink-root. 
 
 R. Hyclrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. iv. 
 Pulveris Spigelise, gr. x. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — To be taken two mornings in succession, and 
 on the afternoon of the second day, followed by a dose of 
 castor-oil, or senna and manna. — For children upwards of four 
 years old. 
 
118 ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 Pink-root with Savine, &c. 
 R. Pulveris Spigelise, 
 
 Sennae, aa 9ij. 
 
 Sabinas, gr. xij. 
 
 Fiant chartulas vj. — One every morning till three are taken, 
 then give a dose of castor-oil ; if the effect is not produced, 
 the remainder may be exhibited after the same manner. 
 
 Common Salt with Cochineal. 
 
 R. Sodii Chloridi, 5iij. 
 
 Cocci pulverizati, gr. xv. 
 Fiant pulveres vj. One every morning, following the last dose 
 with some purgative medicine. 
 
 Dr. Rush speaks in high terms of this preparation. 
 
 Powder of Santonine. 
 B. Santonin, gr. vj. 
 
 Sacchari Lactis, gr. xv. 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres vj. 
 
 Signa. — Give one powder night and morning to a child five 
 years old, for lumbrici. 
 
 " In many cases the worms are passed, says Dr. Wells, on 
 the following morning, but not unfrequently it is necessary to 
 give a second dose on the succeeding evening." 
 
 A case of poisoning from three grains in two doses, occurred 
 in a child four years old. (iV. Y. Journ. Pharmacy, vol. i. p. 16.) 
 Hence, it is necessary to exercise much caution in administering 
 this powerful medicine. Editor. 
 
 Powder of Male Fern. 
 B. Pulveris Filicis Maris, ,ij. 
 
 The following is ISTouffer's plan of treating cases of tape- 
 worm : — 
 
 " Give of the powder of the Male Fern root, from one to 
 three drams, in a large cupful of any distilled water, early in 
 the morning. If the stomach should reject it, the powder must 
 be repeated again, as sood as the sickness has gone off, in the 
 same quantity. When it has been upon the stomach about 
 two hours, a strong cathartic bolus made of calomel and gam- 
 boge (eight or ten grs. of the last, and five or six grs. of the 
 first) must be taken, and worked off with a draught of green 
 tea every now and then ; and its operation may be still farther 
 promoted, if necessary, by half an ounce, or 3vj. of salts, dis- 
 
ANTHELMINTICS. 119 
 
 solved in warm water. Till the worm comes away, which 
 generally happens on the same day, the patient is to take no- 
 thing bnt broth. If, however, the worm should not be dis- 
 charged, either wholly or in part, the powder is to be repeated 
 with the same regimen the next day." 
 
 It has been suggested, and with some probability, that the 
 purge directed to follow this medicine is the most efficient of 
 the two. 
 
 To avoid the large doses necessarily given when the powder 
 is used, an ethereal extract has been prepared, which represents 
 all the virtues of the root in a small bulk. It is generally 
 called the oil of fern {Oleum Filicis Maris), and is given in the 
 dose of fifteen to twenty grains. It is made by exhausting Ej. 
 of the freshly dried root by f Sviij. of ether, macerating, and 
 distilling off the ether. — Dunglison, New Rem. p. 382, 6th ed. 
 
 Oil, or Extract of Fern. 
 
 B. Olei Filicis Maris, 3ss. 
 
 Mellis Eosse, f ss. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take one-half at bedtime, and the remainder 
 early in the morning, on an empty stomach. 
 
 If the worm does not come away in 6 or 8 hours after the 
 last dose, administer some mild purgative. Radius. 
 
 Carbonate of Iron, 
 
 B. Ferri Subcarbonatis, Jj. 
 
 Divide in chartulas iij. One powder to be taken before break- 
 fast. 
 
 Of this remedy, the late Professor Rush had a very favor- 
 able opinion. He gave it in doses of from 5 gr. to Jss. to 
 children of from one year old to ten, and sometimes in half- 
 ounce doses, with safety and success. It is chiefly used in 
 tape-worm. — See Observ. and Inquiries, p. 243. 
 
 Pills of Venice Turpentine, Calomel, &c. 
 
 B. Terebinthinse Yenetae, 3j- 
 Extracti Hyoscyami, gr. iv. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. viij. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas singulas, gr. ij. 
 Of these, four are to be taken every three hours, and during the 
 entire period, the patient is to take only weak broth, tea, or 
 coffee. 
 
 They are strongly recommended by some of the German 
 practitioners in tape-worm. 
 
120 ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 INFUSIONS, DECOCTIONS, &o. 
 
 Infusion of Pink-root, &c, vulgo, Worm-tea. 
 R. Spigeliae, 3ss. 
 Sennse, 5ij- 
 Mannas, 3j. 
 Sabinae, 9ij. 
 Foeniculi, 3ij- 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. Dose, a tablespoonful three times daily for three 
 days, for a child four or five years old. If it purge too 
 actively, it should be discontinued. 
 
 Infusion of Pink-root. 
 R. Spigelise, oj. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. Of which a child may take a tablespoonful at a 
 dose ; an adult from 3j. to §iv. 
 
 The spigelia sometimes produces violent effects in children, 
 whence the necessity of caution in its use. 
 
 Decoction of the Bark of Pomegranate Root. 
 
 R. Granati Eadicis Corticis, 3jss. 
 
 Aquae, Ojss. 
 To be boiled down to one-half, and given in doses of an ounce 
 several times a day. 
 
 " The efficacy of the bark of the root of the pomegranate, as 
 a remedy for the tape-worm, is now well established in India." 
 
 Paris, vol. ii. p. 173. 
 
 Infusion of Kousso. 
 
 R. Florum Brayerae Anthelminticae, Iss. 
 
 Aquae Bullientis, f5x. 
 Macera per horam dimidiam. Slgna. — The tea and flowers 
 constitute a full dose. To be used for tape- worm. 
 
 The only preparation necessary is, that the last meal of the 
 preceding evening should be slight. The previous evacuation 
 of the bowels by a mild purgative or a lavement, is also desira- 
 ble. The mode of administering the remedy is as follows: "A 
 little lemon-juice is to be swallowed, and the infusion being 
 Btirred up, the whole is taken, liquid and powder, at two or 
 three draughts, at short intervals, being washed down by cold 
 
ANTHELMINTICS. 121 
 
 water and lemon-juice. To promote the operation, tea (without 
 sugar or milk) may be taken. In three or four hours, if the 
 remedy has not operated, a dose of castor-oil, or a saline pur- 
 gative, should be administered." Jon. Pereira. 
 
 ELECTUARIES, MIXTURES, &o. 
 
 Tin Electuary. 
 
 R. Pulveris Stanni, Jvj. vel Ij. 
 
 Sacchari Faecis, vel Syrupi, f^iv. 
 Misce. — Two or three tablespoonfuls may be given early in the 
 
 morning ; to be repeated until the whole be taken, and then 
 
 followed by an active cathartic. 
 
 The efficacy of this substance is said to be increased by com- 
 bination with sulphur, by which means sulphuretted hydrogen 
 is generated, and the worm destroyed by the offensive gas. 
 Larger doses are sometimes prescribed. 
 
 Cowliage Electuary. 
 
 B. Spicularum Mucunse, 3j. 
 
 Mellis liquicli, q. s. ut fiat electuarium. Dose, a teaspoonful 
 to a child two or three years old ; to be given before breakfast 
 in the mornings of three successive days, and then followed by 
 a brisk cathartic. In lumbrici. 
 
 Bolus with Calomel, Semen Contra, and Camphor. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. ij. 
 
 Pulveris Artemisise Santonicae, gr. viij. 
 
 Camphor se, gr. ij. ad yj. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat bolus. 
 To be repeated pro re nata in children of four or six years of age. 
 
 Eatier's Formulary. 
 
 Mixture with Oil of Wormseed. 
 
 R. Olei Chenopodii, f Jjss. 
 
 Picini, ^iij. 
 
 Anisi, gtt. x. 
 
 Misce, et adde — 
 
 Syrupi Ehei vel Sennas, f Ij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Shake the bottle well before using. 
 Give a teaspoonful night and morning to a child two years 
 old. 
 
122 ANTHELMINTICS. 
 
 Mixture of Wormseed Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Chenopodii, f 5j. 
 Sacchari, 
 Acacias, aa 3iss. 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas, fsijss. 
 Misce, secundum artem. A teaspoonful of this preparation 
 may be given four times a day for two days in succession, 
 and then purged off with castor-oil or salts. For children 
 of three to eight years old. 
 
 This is a vermifuge of considerable reputation in this country. 
 It is generally used in lumbrici and ascarides ; though we have 
 heard of its having been successfully given for taenia, but in 
 much larger doses. 
 
 Olive Oil and Ammonia. 
 
 R. Olei Olivas, f^viij. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, fjij. 
 Dose, three tablespoonfuls night and morning. 
 
 This mixture is highly spoken of by some authors, and may 
 be given in much larger quantities ; if it does not purge, it 
 should be followed by some aloetic or other cathartic preparation. 
 
 Extract of Pink-root and Senna. 
 
 R. Extracti Spigelias et Sennas Fluidi, f^ij. 
 Signa. — Give a child two years old a teaspoonful night and 
 morning, until purging takes place. 
 
 This preparation, originally devised by Prof. Procter, has 
 been used successfully in Philadelphia, for the last ten years, 
 in the treatment of lumbrici. 
 
 Spirit of Turpentine 
 
 Is recommended for tape- worm, in doses of sss. to Jij. daily, 
 taken in honey. 
 
 Dr. Chapman speaks highly of this remedy ; but it sometimes 
 causes strangury, and requires caution. 
 
 Spirit of Turpentine, Ether, &c. 
 
 R. Olei Tcrebinthinas, f^ss. 
 
 JStheiris, f.^ij. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, oSS. 
 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 Misce. Signa. — Two tablespoonfuls to be taken morning and 
 evening. In taenia. Dit. Frank. 
 
ANTHELMINTICS. 123 
 
 The effect of turpentine requires attention, for in some con- 
 stitutions it causes violent strangury, in defiance of every pre- 
 caution. Patients should be put on their guard against this 
 contingency. 
 
 CLYSTEES. 
 
 Aloetic Enema. 
 
 R. Aloes, 3j- vel ij. 
 
 Lactis, Oj. 
 Fiat enema. — The half of this may be given to a child eight or 
 ten years old. In ascarides. 
 
 Enema of Camphor and Sweet Oil. 
 
 R. Camphorse, 3j- 
 Olei OlivaB, §ij. 
 Misce pro enemate. 
 
 This preparation is particularly adapted to ascarides. and should 
 be freely thrown up the rectum for three or four successive nights. 
 No remedy is more effectual than this in relieving the • intoler- 
 able itching caused by those worms. 
 
 Enemata are the most certain of all remedies in ascarides ; 
 they may be made of various substances, such as solution of 
 assafetida, of common salt, hepar sulphuris, pure olive oil, soap, 
 aloes, &c. &c. For children, Jss. of aloes should be dissolved 
 in half a gill of water ; to this add a tablespoonful of sweet oil, 
 and administer the half of the mixture on going to bed. The 
 other half the next night, if necessary. 
 
CLASS IX 
 
 STIMULANTS. 
 
 In the use of stimulants, it is for the most part advisable to 
 begin with small doses, and augment them as circumstances may 
 require. There are* cases, however, in which it is necessary to 
 give them plentifully ah initio. 
 
 It will be often requisite to change not only the stimulating 
 substance, but the part of the body to which it is applied ; thus, 
 when the stomach fails, the rectum and skin may be acted upon 
 with advantage. 
 
 PILLS, POWDEES, &o. 
 
 Pills of Camphor, Cantharides, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cantharidis, gr. xviij. 
 
 Opii, 
 
 CamphoraB, aa gr. xxxyj. 
 
 Confectionis Bosse, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae xxxyj. — Of which one may be taken every night 
 on going to bed. In impotency from general debility. 
 
 Pills of Turpentine and Guaiacum. 
 
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci, Jj. 
 
 TerebinthinaB Venetas, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilula3 xv. Signa. — One, three times a day. 
 
 These pills have a powerful effect upon the urinary organs. 
 They are employed in gleet and leucorrhoea, but frequently 
 produce strangury. 
 
STIMULANTS. 125 
 
 Pills of Cayenne Pepper. 
 
 B. Pulveris Capsici, 5j- 
 Micas Panis, 
 
 Aquas destillatas, aa q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa. — One, three or four times a day. In 
 debility of the stomach, from intemperance. 
 
 Aromatic Pills. 
 B. Ammonias Carbonatis, 
 
 aa dj. 
 
 Capsici, 
 Caryophylli, 
 Macis, 
 Olei Cari, gtt. v. 
 Extracti Gentianas, gr. xij. 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulas xx. — One every two hours in gout of the sto- 
 mach. Dr. Parrisb. 
 
 Antiseptic Pills. 
 
 B. Camphor as, 
 
 Potassas ISTitratis, 
 
 Pulyeris Acacias, aa 9j. 
 Fiat massa, in pilulas xv. diyidenda. 
 Signa. — Dose, two pills every hour or two hours. 
 
 Creasote Pills. 
 
 B. Creasoti, gtt. x. 
 
 Pulveris Ehei, 3j. 
 
 Extracti Gentianas, gr. x. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas x. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
 Pills of Valerianate of Quinia. 
 
 B. Quinas Yalerianatis, Dub. gr. xij. 
 
 Pulveris Tragacanthas, gr. vj. 
 
 Aquas, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulas viij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Give one pill every hour or two in hemicrania. 
 
 Editor. 
 
126 STIMULANTS. 
 
 MIXTURES AND INFUSIONS. 
 
 Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia, &c. 
 
 R. Ammonias Carbonatis, 3iss. 
 Pulveris Sacchari, 
 
 Acaciae, aa 3iss. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, fgij. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, vel Menthae yiridis, f oiv. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose, every two 
 or three hours. If desirable, tinct. opii, gtt. xl. vel 1. may be 
 added to the mixture. 
 
 Draught with Valerian and Carbonate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Olei Valerianae, gtt. iij. 
 
 Ammoniae Carbonatis, gr. x. 
 . Aquae Cinnamomi, f Hjss. 
 Syrupi, f 3ss. 
 Fiat haustus. — To be taken every fourth hour. In nervous 
 headache, and depression of spirits. 
 
 Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 R. Olei Terebinthinae, gtt. cxx. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 5ij. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. lx. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f 3ij. 
 
 Aquae Menthae Yiridis, f 3 v. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose every two 
 hours. 
 
 This remedy has gained great reputation in some of the low 
 forms of fever. The author once employed it in the dose pre- 
 scribed above, in passive hemorrhage from the bowels with com- 
 plete success ; and in hemorrhage from the bladder, resulting 
 from low fever, it has been given with equal advantage. 
 
 Draught with Powdered Ginger, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Zingiber is, gr. xv. 
 
 Ammoniae Carbonatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Spiritus Cinnamomi, Lond. f3ij. 
 
 Aquae, f 3iss. 
 Misce. — To be taken at once. In gout or cramp of the sto- 
 mach. \ 
 
STIMULANTS. 127 
 
 Camphor Mixture. 
 
 B. Camphoras, 3j. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 3iss. 
 
 Tincturse Opii, gtt. xl. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Yiridis, f |iv. 
 Fiat niistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be given every two 
 hours. 
 
 In reducing camphor to powder (which must be done before 
 it can be formed into a mixture), it is necessary to add to it a 
 few drops of alcohol ; or, what is still better, to add f 3ss. of the 
 tincture of myrrh. This renders the camphor much more mis- 
 cible with water, and does not detract from the value of the 
 preparation. 
 
 Camphor in Milk. 
 
 R. Carnphorse, 5j. 
 
 Lactis bullientis, f ^iv. 
 Fiat solutio. — This preparation may be taken in the manner 
 directed for the former one. 
 
 Camphor Julep. 
 
 R. Camphoras, 3j- 
 
 Aquas bullientis, f Sviij. 
 
 Fiat mistura. — This preparation should be set aside in a cov- 
 ered vessel for half an hour, and then strained. A table- 
 spoonful for a dose pro re nata. 
 
 Many of the older practitioners are in the habit of using a 
 hot camphor tea, in dysmenorrhea, under an impression that 
 its virtues are better developed. It certainly is stronger hot 
 than cold, but in neither case is it equal to the officinal camphor 
 water (aqua camphoras) which contains three grains to the fluid- 
 ounce when properly prepared. Editor. 
 
 Camphor tuith Myrrh. 
 
 B. Camphoras pulverizatas, 3j. 
 
 Pulveris Myrrhae, 3ss. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 
 Aquas, f 3yj. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be given every two hours. 
 
128 STIMULANTS. 
 
 Mixture with Camphor and Chloroform. 
 
 B. Camphorae, 3ij. 
 
 Chloroformi, 3j. 
 
 Yitellus Unius Ovi, 
 
 Aquae, f £iv. 
 Fiat mistura. 
 
 This mixture affords us the means of administering large 
 doses of camphor, in as concentrated a form as it would be safe 
 to give a local irritant. It can be diluted with water without 
 precipitation. Each teaspoonful contains four grains. 
 
 Smith. 
 Camphorated Enema. 
 B. Enematis Communis, Oij. (See page 62.) 
 Camphorae, 3ij. 
 Yitellus Unius Ovi. 
 Misce. One-fourth part to be thrown up the rectum in the 
 treatment of putrid fevers, pro re nata. M. Chaussier. 
 
 Mixture of Camphorated Opium and Guaiacum. 
 B. Tincturae Opii Camphor atae, 
 
 Guaiaci Ammoniatae, aa f Ij. 
 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Two teaspoonfuls every two hours. In 
 misplaced and retrocedent gout. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn. 
 B. Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, f 3ij. 
 
 Signa. — Twenty drops to be given in a wineglassful of water, 
 pro re nata. In sudden exhaustion from any cause. 
 
 Yeast Mixture. 
 B. Cerevisiae Fermenti, f^x. 
 Camphorae, 3ss. 
 Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici, f gss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every hour or two 
 hours. 
 
 This was extensively used in the late typhus epidemic in 
 Ireland, as a stimulant and antiseptic, and with the happiest 
 results. Lamprey. 
 
 Substitute for the Fetid Spirits of Ammonia. 
 B. Spiritus Ammoniae, f3j. 
 
 Tincturae Assafoetidae, f3vij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful, in sweetened water, every 
 four hours. 
 
 An excellent stimulus in nervous debility and hysteria. 
 
STIMULANTS. 129 
 
 Mixture with DippeTs Animal Oil 
 
 R. Olei Cornu Cervi, f 3j. 
 
 Spiritus JEtheris Compositi, f 3iij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Take twenty or thirty drops every three hours. 
 Used in chorea, catalepsy, &c. Kichter. 
 
 Emulsion of Phosphorus. 
 
 R. Phosphori puri, gr. ij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. 
 Let these articles be carefully and effectually triturated in a 
 mortar, and add gradually as much distilled water as will 
 make an emulsion of 3vj. ; then add — 
 Syrupi, f sj. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Compositi, gtt. xxx. 
 Fiat mistura. — Of which the usual dose is a tablespoonful every 
 two, three, or four hours. 
 
 This preparation was originally made by the celebrated 
 Hufeland, and is now taken from Dr. Chapman's Therapeutics, 
 p. 176, vol. ii. 
 
 As the violence of the remedy, and its very great power, are 
 generally known to physicians, we need hardly repeat the 
 necessity there is for the greatest caution in its administration. 
 
 The subjoined is one of the many formulas adopted in Europe. 
 
 Lobsteirfs, Phosphorated Ether. 
 
 R. Phosphori, gr. ij. 
 
 Solve in ^Etheris, f ^ss. 
 
 Tincturas Olei Menthee Piperita^, f 5ss. 
 Signa. — Take from two to six drops in sugar every three hours. 
 
 The bottle should be carefully stoppered, and covered with 
 dark paper. Used in epilepsy, paralysis, and amaurosis. 
 
 Foy. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica. 
 
 R. Arnicas Plorum, ^jss. 
 
 Alcoholis, Oj. 
 Macera per "dies quatuordecim et cola. 
 
 Of this tincture, Mr. Wilde gives fifteen drops in a table- 
 spoonful of the infusion of arnica, and a little of some cordial 
 tincture, three times a day, for the relief of tinnitus aurium. 
 After a few days, the dose should be increased one or two drops 
 daily, until it reaches thirty drops. It is useful as a stimulant 
 in atonic gout. "Wilde. 
 
 9 
 
130 STIMULANTS. 
 
 Mixture with Chlorinated Lime. 
 
 R. Calcis Chlorinates, 3j. 
 
 Aquas, f giij. 
 Solve et cola. Dein adde — 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis, f 3j. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every three hours. 
 Chlorinated lime is stimulant and antiseptic, and has been 
 used beneficially as such in typhoid, typhus, and scarlet fevers. 
 * 
 
 Linctus with Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 R. Olei Terebinthinas, f3ij. 
 
 Mellis optimi, f gj. 
 Fiat linctus. — Dose, a teaspoonful night and morning, with a 
 draught of warm tea. In sciatica. 
 
 Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. 
 
 R. Pulveris Capsici, 3iss. 
 Aquas bullientis, Oss. 
 Fiat infusum. Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose in severe 
 colic, or gout in the stomach. 
 
 Infusion of Cloves. 
 
 R. Caryophylli contusi, 3j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oss. 
 Fiat infusum. Signa. — To be employed in the same cases, and 
 in similar doses as the former. 
 
 Mixture of Cubebs 1 &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cubebas, 3ij. 
 
 Sodas Carbonatis, 3ss. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, f3yj. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Yiridis, f 3yj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every hour and 
 a half. 
 
 Mixture of Oxide of Bismuth, Cubebs, &c, ■ 
 
 R. Pulveris Cubebas, 3ij. 
 
 Bismuthi Subnitratis, 3ss. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, f gss. 
 
 Syrupi, f 3vj. 
 
 Aquas, f 3vj. 
 Fiat mistura, Signa. — Take a tablespoonful four times a day. 
 
 We have extracted the two preceding prescriptions from a 
 
STIMULANTS. 131 
 
 paper of Mr. John Fosbroke, surgeon, Ch.ittenh.am. See Medi- 
 cal Recorder, for April, 1825. 
 
 They are recommended, with other similar compounds, in 
 various affections of the mucous membranes, yiz : of the bowels, 
 bladder, trachea, &c. 
 
 Mustard Whey. 
 
 R. Lactis Vaccinas, Oj. 
 
 Sinapis contusae, 3j. 
 Simmer until the caseous part separates, then strain, and add — 
 
 Yini Albi, f 3vj. 
 Signa. — A draught of this whey may be taken every hour or 
 two in low fever and in debilitated stomach. 
 
 Wine Whey. 
 
 R. Lactis Vaccinae, Oss. 
 
 Vini Albi, fgij. vel fliij. 
 Boil the milk, then add the wine, and strain. Grate a little 
 nutmeg, and sweeten the clear whey to the taste. 
 
 There are few mild stimulants more employed, or more useful 
 than wine whey. Dr. Chapman speaks of it as possessing a 
 kindred action with carbonate of ammonia. The dose to be 
 regulated by the circumstances of the case ; from four ounces to 
 ten or more during the day. 
 
 Mixture with Wine, &c. 
 
 R. Vitellum Unius Ovi, 
 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. x. 
 Misce, et adde — 
 
 Vini Albi, 1 -- f r 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, j ^ 
 
 Sacchari, 5j- 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f 5J. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give two or three tablespoonfuls, at 
 short intervals, in convalescence from low fevers. 
 
 Mixture with Brandy. 
 
 R. Spiritus Vini Gallici, f 3ij. 
 
 Lactis Vaccinae, f Hiv. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ss. 
 
 Myristicas, ad gustandum. 
 Signa. — Take a tablespoonful every hour or two in low fevers. 
 
132 STIMULANTS. 
 
 Essences of Ginger. 
 
 There are several popular and useful stomachics and stimu- 
 lants now sold under this title. They are easily prepared by 
 making a saturated tincture of the root, using strong or offici- 
 nal alcohol, and then carefully concentrating the tincture by 
 means of a water-bath. 
 
 The Infusion of Ginger 
 
 Is also an excellent stomachic, and may be employed with 
 great benefit in debility of the stomach and bowels. 
 
CLASS X. 
 
 NARCOTICS. 
 
 Narcotics have been denominated sedatives, from their power 
 of diminishing action ; anodynes, from their capability of alle- 
 viating pain; and hypnotics, or soporifics, from their power of 
 inducing sleep. A few words only will be necessary as general 
 rules for their administration, and any peculiarities that indi- 
 viduals of the class may possess will be noticed under the appro- 
 priate prescriptions. It is well known they possess the power 
 of fulfilling two indications ; namely, of exciting and depressing 
 the nervous energy. 
 
 To obtain the first of these results, it is necessary to begin 
 with small doses, and repeat them frequently ; while in order 
 to arrive at the second, a full dose must be given, and not re- 
 sorted to again for a considerable length of time. We should 
 also bear in mind that the system very soon becomes habituated 
 to their action, and the doses must be continually enlarged 
 when it is necessary to maintain their impression. The differ- 
 ence between the susceptibility to their action when the body 
 is in a morbid or healthy condition, should not be overlooked. 
 
 PILLS. 
 
 Pills of Opium. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, gr. xij. 
 
 Saponis, q. s. „ 
 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xij. — Of which one is the ordinary 
 dose to produce sleep. 
 
 In equal weights of powdered and soft opium, the former is 
 much the more powerful, the latter containing a considerable 
 proportion of water. This should be recollected in directing 
 the medicine in the form of pills. 
 
 An opium pill that has been made long enough to become 
 perfectly hard and dry; will be retained by an irritable stomach 
 when a fresh one would be rejected. 
 
134 NAKCOTICS. 
 
 Pills of Lupulin. 
 
 R. Lupulinse, 3ss. 
 
 Contunde in mortario, et divide in pilulas x. 
 Signa. — Two pills may be given for a dose, and the quantity 
 doubled if necessary. 
 
 This substance, we are told by Dr. Ives, contains all the 
 active properties of the hop. It is slightly narcotic, and is 
 serviceable in irritable stomach, and as a preventive of noc- 
 turnal erections in different forms of acute venereal disease. 
 
 The lupulin is sometimes administered in powder, with two 
 parts of white sugar. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. 
 
 R. Morphias Sulphatis, gr. ij. 
 
 Confectionis Kosas, q. s. ut flant pilulas xij. 
 Signa. — One may be given for a dose, pro re naia. 
 
 One grain of either of the salts of morphia is usually estimated 
 as equal to six of opium ; so that a pill of the above prescrip- 
 tion will be equivalent to a grain of opium. 
 
 The acetate and muriate of morphia are prepared in the same 
 way, and given in the same dose. 
 
 Pills of Lactucarium. 
 
 R. Lactucarii, gr. xij. 
 
 Confectionis Kosas, q. s. 
 Divide in pilulas vj. 
 
 Signa. — One for a dose, to be repeated in two hours, if sleep be 
 not procured. 
 
 The inspissated juice of the garden lettuce is said to act as a 
 direct sedative, lessening the frequency of the pulse, diminishing 
 the natural heat, and procuring sleep, without inducing the sub- 
 sequent distressing effects which follow the use of opium. 
 
 The thridace of the French appears to be prepared by a dif- 
 ferent process from that employed in the preparation of the 
 ] British lactucarium. The former is not so highly esteemed in 
 this country as the latter. 
 
 Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Extracti Ilyoscyami, gr. x. 
 
 ru I \ cris Ipecacuanhas, gr. v. 
 Misce, et divide; in pilulas x. — One every hour or two until 
 relief ifl procured, watching the effect. 
 
 In flatulence and irritability of the bowels. 
 
 
NAECOTICS. 135 
 
 Pills of Opium, Henbane, &c. 
 R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. 
 Extracti Hyoscyami, 
 
 Conii, aa gr. xv. 
 
 Fiat massa, in pilulas x. dividencla. — One every night when an 
 anodyne is required. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Henbane. 
 R. Extracti Hyoscyami, 9j. 
 
 Divide in pilulas x. — Of which one may be given every four 
 hours, increasing the dose if necessary. 
 
 This medicine, which is employed as a substitute for opium, 
 does not constipate the bowels. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Stramonium. 
 R. Extracti Stramonii Foliorum, 3ss. 
 Divide in pilulas xv. Signa. — One three times a day. 
 
 The powdered leaves are also prescribed in similar doses. 
 The extract of the seeds is given in the dose of a quarter to 
 half a grain. 
 
 Opiate Confection. 
 R. Confectionis Opii, 3ss. 
 
 To be given for a dose. — One grain of opium is contained in 
 thirty-six grains of the officinal confection. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Hemlock. 
 
 R. Extracti Conii, 3j- 
 
 Pulveris Conii, q. s. ; ut flat massa in pilulas xx. dividenda. 
 
 One of these pills night and morning, may be taken at the com- 
 mencement, gradually increasing them to two, three, four, or 
 more, as the patient can bear them. 
 
 The efficacy of narcotic plants is influenced by soil, climate, 
 exposure, and cultivation ; and the extracts by the season when 
 the plants are gathered, and the mode of preparing them. Phy- 
 sicians would do well therefore to make themselves acquainted 
 with the quality of the article they prescribe, inasmuch as there 
 may be a fatal difference between two parcels of different ages, 
 modes of preparation, &c. 
 
 Pills of Camphor. 
 R. Camphors, 3ss. 
 
 Alcoholis, 
 
 Acacise, aa q. s. 
 Ut nant pilulae xv. — Dose, a pill every two or three hours. 
 
136 NARCOTICS. 
 
 Pills of Opium, Digitalis, &c. 
 B. Pulveris Opii, 
 
 Digitalis, aa gr. vj. 
 
 Confectionis Kosa3, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij. 
 Signa. — One to be taken every four hours. In asthma, &c. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Conium and Calomel. 
 
 B. Extracti Conii, Bij. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xv. 
 Fiant pilulae xv. Signa. — One three times a day. In pseudo- 
 syphilitic affections. 
 
 Pills of Powdered Nux Vomica. 
 
 B. Pulveris Nucis Vomicae, 9j. 
 
 Confectionis Kosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae x. 
 
 Signa. — One to be given two or three times a day, closely watch- 
 ing the effects. In paralysis. 
 
 Pills of the Extract of Nux Vomica. 
 
 B. Extracti Nucis "Vomicae, gr. x. 
 
 Divide in pilulas xv. — One pill twice a day, gradually augment- 
 ing the dose, and watching its effect. 
 
 Pills of Strychnia. 
 B. Strychniae, gr. ij. 
 
 Confectionis Kosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxiv. 
 Of which one pill may be given once or twice a day, according 
 to the idiosyncrasy of the patient. 
 
 Strychnia forms with acids a variety of salts, which are gene- 
 rally very soluble, and for this reason much more active than 
 the alkali uncombined. The commencing dose of the salt 
 should not be greater than that of the alkaloid. It should be 
 borne in mind that the activity of this substance is increased 
 by all acid drinks. — See Magendie's Formulary, edit. 5, p. 12. 
 
 Pills of Camphor, Assafetida, &c. 
 
 B. Camphorae in pulverem, 3\j. 
 Pulveris Assafoetidae, 3ij. 
 Extracti Belladonnas, 9ij. 
 
 Opii, gr. x. 
 
 Fiat massa, in pilulas Ix. dividenda. Commence with two pills 
 a day, and gradually increase the quantity to six in the 24 
 1 k nirs. Used in hysteria. Debreyne. 
 
NAKCOTICS. 137 
 
 Pills with Aconite and Dover 's Powder. 
 
 R. Extracti Aconiti, gr. vj. 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhas et Opii, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa, in pilulas vj. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times a day in chronic rheumatism. 
 
 Pills of Digitalin. 
 
 R. Digitalinae, gr. j. 
 
 Sacchari Lactis, gr. lx. 
 
 Syrupi, q- s. 
 
 Ut fiat massa, in pilulas xl. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — Take one pill twice a day, gradually and carefully in- 
 creasing the dose, until the peculiar effects of digitalis are 
 developed. 
 
 The greatest care should be used in making these pills, to 
 have the digitalin uniformly diffused through the sugar of milk. 
 A safer way of administering it is in the form of solution. 
 (See page 70.) 
 
 MIXTUKES, TINCTUKES, &e. 
 
 Opiate Mixture. 
 
 R. Extracti Opii, gr. v. 
 Sacchari, 3j- 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f ^vj. 
 Eiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful may be taken every two 
 hours, so that the whole be consumed in twenty -four. In 
 tetanus and colica pictonum. 
 
 Anodyne Draught. 
 
 R. Tincturae Opii, gtt. xv. vel xxv. 
 Syrupi Papaveris, Lond. f3ij. 
 Spiritus Cinnamomi, Lond. f3j. 
 Aquae destillatae, f^iss. 
 Misce. Signa. — Anodyne draught. Laudanum is very disa- 
 greeable to some persons ; combined as above, the taste is 
 disguised. 
 
 Laudanum. 
 
 R. Tincturae Opii, flss. 
 
 Signa. — Dose, twenty -five drops. 
 
138 
 
 KAECOTICS. 
 
 As the regulation of closes for children is, to the young 
 practitioner, one of the most difficult parts of prescribing, and 
 as laudanum is an article so universally employed in their dis- 
 eases, we subjoin the following graduated table from Dr. Dorsey's 
 Syllabus, page 36, 1817. 
 
 For a child at birth, or within a month after 
 
 Under a year old 
 
 From one to two years of age 
 
 From two to five " 
 
 From five to ten " 
 
 From ten to fifteen " 
 
 At fifteen years 
 
 For an adult 
 
 It is important in the employment of laudanum that it should 
 be a saturated tincture and perfectly transparent. For these 
 reasons it should be obtained from the apothecary in small 
 quantities, as it is liable to deposit part of the opium ; hence 
 the liquid near the surface is weaker. Infants have been de- 
 stroyed by the exhibition of thick laudanum. Physicians, there- 
 fore, should always examine the phial before trusting the nurse 
 to give a dose to a child. 
 
 |to 1 ( 
 
 Irop. 
 
 to 2 or 3 ( 
 
 Irops 
 
 1 to 5 
 
 u 
 
 2 to 8 
 
 u 
 
 5 to 15 
 
 a 
 
 10 to 20 
 
 u 
 
 15 to 20 
 
 u 
 
 25 to 30 
 
 a 
 
 Black Drop. 
 
 R. Aceti Opii, f 3ss. 
 
 Signa. — Give ten drops as a dose. 
 
 This preparation is much stronger than laudanum, and has 
 obtained celebrity from the fact that it equally promotes the 
 ends of laudanum without affecting the head and stomach. When 
 it cannot be had, Dr. Chapman states that, by giving the alco- 
 holic tincture of opium in vinegar, we obtain nearly the same 
 results. 
 
 Paregoric Elixir. 
 
 R. Tincturas Opii Camphoratse, f 3j. 
 
 A teaspoonful of this in a little water is a close for an adult. It 
 is principally employed as an expectorant. 
 
 Sydenham's Laudanum, or Wine of Opium. 
 
 E. Vini Opii, fgj. 
 
 Signa. — Dose, twenty drops. 
 
 Our officinal wine of opium, now so much used as an external 
 application in chronic inflammation of the eyes, differs only 
 from Sydenham's laudanum, in not having an ounce of saffron 
 added to the pint. The other ingredients are the same. 
 
NARCOTICS. 139 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. 
 
 R. Morphiae Sulphatis, gr. j. 
 
 Aquae destillataB, f 3j. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 When morphia and its salts were first introduced, the for- 
 mulae given by Magendie were generally adopted, and are still 
 retained in New York, and some other places. These contain 
 sixteen grains of the sulphate or acetate of morphia in a fluid- 
 ounce of water, whereas the officinal solution has but one grain 
 to the ounce. Practitioners settling in that vicinity should avoid 
 confounding the two solutions. Editor. 
 
 The sulphate of morphia has one superiority over the acetate, 
 namely, that the latter when dissolved in water is decomposed, 
 two salts resulting, the one soluble, the other not. 1 From this 
 objection the sulphate is exempt. 
 
 The muriate and nitrate of morphia possess no advantages 
 over the sulphate and acetate. 
 
 Codeia. 
 
 The French chemists have also discovered in opium a princi- 
 ple allied in its effects to morphia, and called Codeine. In dose 
 of a single grain it proves highly anodyne, but distresses the 
 stomach in larger doses. Its salts are given in somewhat smaller 
 quantities. Magendie, 9vme ed. p. 80. 
 
 Tincture of Opium and Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 R. Tincturse Opii, f Jj. 
 
 Olei Terebinthinas, f Iss. 
 Misce. Signet-. — A teaspoonful diluted every hour or two may 
 
 be given in delirium tremens, but even here its effect must 
 
 be closely watched. 
 
 The turpentine may be added or omitted at the discretion of 
 the physician, and the quantity of laudanum in some cases may 
 be doubled. We have successfully given two teaspoonfuls every 
 hour until ifij. of laudanum were taken. We do not believe in 
 the doctrine, however, that opium in this disease may be admi- 
 nistered almost ad libitum without danger. On the contrary, we 
 feel assured that death has been caused by its excessive use in 
 delirium tremens. S. Gr. Morton. 
 
 1 This difficulty, however, is obviated by the addition of acetic acid to convert 
 the insoluble morphia present into an acetate. Editor. 
 
140 NARCOTICS. 
 
 Tincture of Lupulin. 
 
 R. Lupulinae purse, 3j. 
 Alcoholis, f 3ij. 
 
 Digest for six days in a close vessel. Strain, filter, and add a 
 sufficient quantity of alcohol to make 3iij. of the tincture. Of 
 this, from 3ss. to 3ij- m &y be taken for a dose, commencing 
 with the smaller quantity. 
 
 Tincture of Hops. 
 
 R. Tincturse Humuli, f Ej. 
 
 Signa. — Of this, a teaspoonful may be taken every two hours, 
 as a narcotic in cases where opium is inadmissible. 
 
 Hops are also given in the form of infusion : for which see 
 Tonics. Inclosed in a bag, they have acquired some celebrity 
 as a pillow. 
 
 Camphor and Hoffman's Anodyne. 
 
 R. Aquas Camphorae, f 3iv. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Compositi, f 3ij. 
 Misce. — Dose, a dessertspoonful every hour or two hours diluted. 
 In nervous affections, and sleeplessness of fever. 
 
 Tincture of Digitalis. 
 
 R. Tincturae Digitalis, f 3ij. 
 
 Of which ten drops may be given at first twice or three times 
 a day, increasing the quantity gradually as the system be- 
 comes accustomed to it. The peculiar character of this remedy 
 should induce caution in giving it. 
 
 Hemlock Mixture. 
 
 R. Extracti Conii, 3ss. 
 
 Syrupi Papaveris, Loud, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae, f^vij. 
 Misce. — A tablespoonful three or four times a day for a dose. 
 
 Tincture of Extract of Nux Vomica. 
 
 R. Extracti Nucis Vomicae, gr. iij. 
 
 Alcoholis, fjj. 
 Fiat tinctura. — This tincture to be given in doses of fifteen or 
 twenty drops, in any kind of drink. 
 
 This preparation, and the pills made of the resin of nux 
 vomica, have been successfully used in general and local pa- 
 ralysis. 
 
NARCOTICS. 141 
 
 Tincture of Strychnia. 
 R, Alcoholis, f Ij. 
 
 Strychnias, gr. iij. 
 Fiat tinctura. — This tincture to be given by drops, from six to 
 twenty in draughts of mucilage. 
 
 Used for the same purposes as the above. 
 
 Strychnia Mixture. 
 R. Strychnias, gr. j. 
 
 Acidi Acetici, gtt. ij. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f Iij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — A teaspoonful morning and evening. 
 
 Solution of Extract of Belladonna. 
 
 R. Extracti Belladonnas, gr. iij. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f Ij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Two or three drops twice or thrice a 
 
 day, to a child under a year old, and an additional drop for 
 
 every additional year. 
 
 Belladonna has been recently used in Germany as a preven- 
 tive of scarlatina. The extract, if given for several days, pro- 
 duces a scarlet eruption and affection of the fauces, analogous 
 to those of scarlatina ; and it is pretended that this factitious 
 disease is sufficient to prevent the access of the real one. 
 
 Mixture with Magnesia^ Assafetida, <&c. 
 
 R. Magnesias Carbonatis, 3ss. 
 
 Tincturas Assafcetidas, gtt. Ix. 
 
 Opii, gtt. xx. 
 
 Saechari, 3j- 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f Ij. 
 Misce et flat mistura. — Twenty -five drops may be given to an in- 
 fant of two or four weeks old ; in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 This preparation was strongly recommended and much em- 
 ployed by the late Dr. Dewees of this city. 
 
 If the calcined magnesia be used, it unites with the resin of 
 the assafetida, forms an almost solid mass at the bottom of the 
 vessel, and defeats the object of the prescription. 
 
 Tincture of Hemp. 
 R. Extracti Cannabis, gr. xxiv. 
 
 Alcoholis, flj. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Take ten drops every two hours. 
 
 The above is the formula of Dr. O'Shaughnessy, of Calcutta, 
 
142 NARCOTICS. 
 
 who has had much experience with the gunjah, or Indian hemp. 
 In cholera, he gave ten drops every half honr to check the 
 vomiting ; in tetanus, a dram of the tincture, with the same 
 interval, until the paroxysms ceased, or catalepsy was induced ; 
 and in acute rheumatism, twenty drops until symptoms of in- 
 toxication were manifested. 
 
 Dr. B. H. Coates has tried it in a case of tedious labor, in 
 which it seemed to have the effect of restoring the uterine con- 
 tractions by acting " as musk, castor, or assafetida frequently 
 do in other hollow viscera, by restraining excessive and irre- 
 gular contractions, and enabling the contracting organ to com- 
 bine its efforts more in conformity to a healthy order, and a 
 useful tendency and result." 
 
 The great uncertainty in the strength of the extract hereto- 
 fore imported, has interfered with its introduction into practice ; 
 but there is now (1853) to be had in Philadelphia, an extract 
 which is decidedly narcotic in the dose of a quarter to half a 
 grain. Editor. 
 
 Mixture with Oil of Bitter Almonds. 
 B. Olei Amygdalae Amarae, gtt. xx. 
 
 Alcoholis, f3iij- 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Take ten drops four times daily. 
 
 Used in neuralgia, especially tic douloureux. Horn. 
 
 CLYSTEES AND SUPPOSITORIES. 
 
 Opium Enema. 
 
 R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acaciae, f Jss. 
 
 Lactis tepifacti, fjij. 
 Misce pro enemate. 
 
 Opium Enema. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. vel iv. 
 
 Adipis, I}. 
 Melt them together with a gentle heat, and when of a proper 
 warmth, inject the mixture with a small syringe. 
 
 Laudanum Enema. 
 B. Tinctura3 Opii, gtt. 1. 
 
 Infusi Lini, i'sij. vel f.$iv. 
 Fiat enema. 
 
NARCOTICS. 143 
 
 It is generally supposed that three times the quantity of a 
 medicine may be thrown into the rectum that may be taken 
 into the stomach. As regards opium, however, we believe it 
 to be too much, particularly in children. Indeed, it is an un- 
 settled point in therapeutics, whether remedies act most power- 
 fully upon the rectum or the stomach. 
 
 Suppository of Opium. 
 
 R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij. 
 
 Saponis, gr. iv. 
 Misce bene. — Introduce into the rectum when an enema cannot 
 be administered. 
 
 Suppository of Opium and Rhatany. 
 
 R. Olei Cacao, 3j. 
 
 Extracti Krameriae, 9ij. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. v. 
 Misce secundem artem, et fiant suppositoria x. Pancoast. 
 
 Sup>p>ository of Hemlock. 
 
 R. Cerae Albae, gr. xv. 
 
 Olei Cacao, 3j. 
 
 Extracti Conii, gr. x. 
 Misce, s. a. The extract should be . softened and added to the 
 other ingredients as they begin to cool. 
 
 EXTERNAL USE OF NARCOTICS. 
 
 Solution of the Extract of Belladonna. 
 
 R. Extracti Belladonnas, 9j. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f ^iij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — To be applied to the eye in cataract, for 
 the purpose of dilating the pupil and exposing the lens. 
 
 Solution of Atropia. 
 
 R. Atropiae, gr. ij. 
 
 Alcoholis, f3j. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f 3vij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Let a drop fall into the eye to dilate the 
 pupil. 
 
 This is equally efficacious in its action, and much more ele- 
 gant, than the ordinary preparations of belladonna. — Dungli- 
 son, New Remedies, 6th ed. p. 114. W. W. Cooper. 
 
144 NARCOTICS. 
 
 For internal use, ten drops of this solution represent one- 
 thirtieth of a grain of the alkaloid. 
 
 Solution of the Extract of Stramonium Seeds. 
 
 This may be made of the same strength, and be used for dilat- 
 ing the pupil in the same way, as the solution of the extract of 
 belladonna. 
 
 Solution of Opium in Lime-ivater, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Opii, gr. j. 
 Liquoris Calcis, 
 Olei Amygdalae, aa f 3iij. 
 Fiat mistura. — Recommended by Dr. Sibergundi of Dorsten, in 
 the treatment of sore nipples. It is to be applied to the parts 
 on dossils of lint. 
 
 Infusion of Hemlock. 
 R. Conii, §ss. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum et cola. — To be applied as a wash to cancerous 
 and scirrhous ulcers. 
 
 A cataplasm is also employed for the same piirpose, made by 
 mixing the powdered leaves with bread and water poultice. 
 
 Infusion of Henbane. 
 
 R. Foliorum Hyoscyami, 3ss. 
 
 Aqua3 bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. — Employed as an external application to cancer- 
 ous, scrofulous, and other indolent ulcers. 
 
 Decoction of Stramonium in Milk. 
 
 R. Foliorum Stramonii, 3ij. 
 
 Lactis recentis, Ojss. 
 Boil to a pint and strain. For gouty, rheumatic, and other 
 painful swellings. 
 
 Ointment of Belladonna. 
 
 R. Extracti Belladonna), 3ij« 
 A quoe destillatae, f Jij. 
 Adipis, 3ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. — A portion to be applied to the neck of the 
 uterus in rigidity of that part occasioned by disease, or pre- 
 vious to delivery. It is said to act on the same principle as 
 it does in dilating the iris. The application to be made for 
 some time by means of a syringe with a wide mouth. 
 
 M. Ciiaussier. 
 
NARCOTICS. 145 
 
 Plaster of Opium, &c. 
 
 B. Opii, 
 
 Camphoras, aa 3ss. 
 
 Emplastri Plumbi, 3ij. 
 Melt the plaster, and having previously powdered the other 
 articles, mix them gradually. For local pains. 
 
 Plaster of Opium, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, 
 
 Camphoras, 
 
 Saponis, aa 3j. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, q. s. ut fiat emplastrum. 
 
 This plaster is employed in the same cases as the preceding 
 one. Another, and the most common plan, is to spread theriaca 
 andromachi 1 on leather of the size required, and cover it with 
 powdered opium, sprinkling a little laudanum to promote its 
 adhesion. 
 
 Plaster of Opium and Camplwr. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, 9ij. 
 Camphoras, 5ss. 
 Picis Burgundicas, 
 Emplastri Plumbi, aa q. s. ut fiat emplastrum. 
 
 This plaster is highly recommended in neural 
 
 ffia. 
 
 Graves. 
 
 Liniment of Belladonna, Cherry Laurel, &c. 
 
 B. Extracti Belladonnas, 9ij. 
 Solve in — . 
 Aquas Lauro Cerasi, Ed. f 3 ij . 
 
 Dein adde — 
 iEtheris, Oj. 
 Misce. Signa. — Eub the liniment on the part, and apply flan- 
 nels moistened with it. 
 
 Useful in ueuralgia, in gouty and rheumatic pains, and for 
 gathered breasts. Eanque. 
 
 1 The original Theriaca Andromachi is composed of seventy-two ingredients, 
 pulverized and rubbed up with honey into an electuary. A preparation bearing 
 the same name, and used for the same purposes, is now made in a much less ela- 
 borate way. The word Theriaca is, at the present day, applied to any coarse 
 sirup, as treacle or molasses. 
 
 10 
 
146 NARCOTICS. 
 
 Camphor and Chloroform Liniment. 
 
 U. Camphorae, 3Jss. 
 
 Chloroformi, fjij. 
 
 Olei Olivas, f^ij. 
 Fiat linimentum. 
 
 Useful in rheumatic and neuralgic affections. 
 
 W. B. Price. 
 
CLASS XI 
 
 ANTISPASMODICS. 
 
 Antispasmodics are those medicines which allay spasm, and 
 compose the irregular actions of the nervous system. Some of 
 the most powerful of them are derived from the class of Nar- 
 cotics. 
 
 Pills of Assafetida and Soap. 
 
 R. Assafcetidas, 3j. 
 
 Saponis, gr. x. 
 
 Aquae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. 
 Two or four of these pills may be taken for a dose, and repeated 
 pro re nata. 
 
 Pilulae Aloes et Assafoetidae, 
 
 Galbani Compositae, 
 
 May be given in the same doses as those made with soap only. 
 
 Opium Pills. 
 As under Narcotics. (Page 133.) 
 
 Pills with Castor and Salt of Amler. 
 
 R. Castor ei, 3j- 
 
 Acidi Succinici, 3ss. 
 
 Extracti Gentianae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxiv. 
 Dose, three pills night and morning. In hysteria. 
 
 Pills of Musk, Camphor, &c. 
 
 R. Moschi, 9ss. 
 
 Camphorae, 3j. 
 
 Ammoniaci, 9ij. 
 
 Opii, gr. iv. 
 Misce, et fiant pilulae singulae gr. iv. 
 
 Signa. — The dose may be four or five in the twenty -four hours. 
 In nervous diseases. M. A. Richard. 
 
148 ANTISPASMODICS. 
 
 Pills of Valerianate of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Yalerianatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Confectionis Rosae, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa in pilulas xij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Give one pill every three hours. 
 
 Used in neuralgia, and anomalous nervous affections. 
 
 Bolus with Valerian and Rust of Iron. 
 
 R. Pulveris Valerianae, 3j- 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonatis, 9ss. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. ut fiat bolus. 
 One, three times a day. 
 
 Bolus with Musk and Camphor. 
 
 R. Camphorae, gr. v. 
 
 Moschi, gr. v. vel x. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat bolus. 
 Signa. — To be taken at once. 
 
 This is a full dose, which, however, can be readily modified 
 by the practitioner. 
 
 To confine the aroma of musk, whether in the form of pills 
 or otherwise, it should always be kept in phials. 
 
 Bolus with Musk and Carbonate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Moschi, 
 
 Ammonias Carbonatis, aa 9ss. 
 
 Confectionis Rosae, q. s. ut fiat bolus. 
 To be taken every third hour. 
 
 In mortification accompanied with spasmodic action. 
 
 Musk Mixture. 
 R. Moschi optimi, 3ij. 
 Sacchari, 3j- 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 3j- 
 Aquae destillatae, f ovj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful to be given every hour 
 or two hours. 
 
 Mixture with Musk, &c. 
 
 R. Misturae Moschatae, Ovj. (Sec preceding formula.) 
 
 Tincturae Opii Camphoratae, f^ss. 
 
 Valerianae Ammoniatae, f3j. 
 
 Miscc Signa. — A teaspoonful three or four times a day. For 
 children in pertussis. 
 
ANTISPASMODICS. 149' 
 
 Tincture of Assafetida, Castor, &c. 
 
 R. Tincturae Assafoetidae, 
 
 Castorei, aa flj. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonige Aromatici, f3j. 
 Misce. — A teaspoonful may be taken in a glass of sweetened 
 water for a dose. 
 
 Hoffman's Anodyne and Laudanum. 
 
 R. Spiritus iEtheris Compositi, f3iij. 
 Tincture Opii, gtt. lxxx. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f 3vj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful every one or two hours. 
 
 In hysteria, &c. 
 
 Mixture with Assafetida, &c. 
 
 R. Assafoetidae, 5j- 
 
 Aquae Menthae Piperitae, f^iij. 
 Fiat solutio, et adde — 
 
 Tincturae Valerianae Ammoniatse, f3ij. 
 
 Castorei, f 3iij. 
 
 JEtheris, f3j. 
 Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose, largely diluted, every 
 second hour. In hysteria. 
 
 Oil of Valerian ivith Spirits of Hartshorn. 
 
 R. Olei Valerianae, gtt. viij. 
 
 Spiritus Ammoniae Aromatici, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae, f Jiv. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To take a tablespoonful every two or three 
 hours shaking the phial. 
 
 Infusion of Valerian. 
 
 R. Valerianae, 3j. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Put them into a covered vessel and let them stand until cold. — 
 Dose, a wineglassful every two or three hours. 
 
 Tincture of Valerian and Hoffman's Anodyne. 
 
 R. Spiritus iEtheris Compositi, 
 Tincturae Valerianae, aa Oj. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful for a close, with water, pro re 
 nata, shaking the phial each time. 
 
150 ANTISPASMODICS. 
 
 Mixture with Ether and Laudanum. 
 
 R. JEtheris, f3ij. 
 
 Sacchari, ' 
 
 Acacias, aa 3iss. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. 
 
 Aquas Cinnamomi, f gij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful every hour. In cramp of the 
 stomach, &c. 
 
 Ethereal Solution of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 R, Zinci Chloridi, £j. 
 Alcoholis, f5ij. 
 
 iEtheris, f.fss. 
 Solve, post aliquot dies decanta. 
 
 Signa. — Take from four to eight drops, twice daily. Used in 
 chorea, epilepsy, and anomalous nervous affections. 
 
 HUFELAND. 
 
 Embrocation of Oils of Cloves, Amber, &c. 
 
 R, Olei Olivas, il]. 
 
 Caryophylli, 
 
 Succini rectificati, aa f,fss. 
 
 Misce. Used as an embrocation in hooping-cough. Koche. 
 
 Assafetida Enema. 
 
 R. Tincturas Assafostidas, f5ij. 
 
 Decocti Hordei, f^x. vel fsxij. 
 Misce pro enemate. — Tinct. opii may be added pro re nata. In 
 hysteria, spasmodic colic, &c. 
 
 Music Enema. 
 
 R. Moschi, gr. xij. 
 
 Sacchari, 9ij. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias, gtt. xxx. 
 
 Infusi Lini, f Jiv. 
 Fiat enema. — For children with convulsions. 
 
CLASS XII. 
 
 SIALAGOGUES. 
 
 Those medicines which increase the salivary secretion are 
 denominated Sialagognes. In forming these into a class in this 
 place, we trespass on the arrangement of Dr. Chapman, bnt 
 merely from a motive of convenience ; for we agree with him 
 that such a class would be better expunged from the Materia 
 Medica, at the same time that it appears necessary to introduce 
 it here, in order to place the mercurial preparations in stronger 
 relief than could otherwise be done. 
 
 Pills of Calomel. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xij. 
 
 Confectionis Kosas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xij. 
 s Signa. — One, morning and evening, and, if necessary, until 
 salivation is excited. 
 
 Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. v. 
 Aquas destillatas, gtt. xxx. vel xl. 
 Confectionis Kosas, 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Grlycyrrhizas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xl. 
 Of which, give one pill three or four times a day. In lues 
 venerea. As salivation rapidly follows the use of corrosive 
 sublimate, its effect must be watched. 
 
 DwpuytrenJs Antisyphilitic Pills. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ss. 
 
 Extracti Cinchonas, gr. x. 
 
 Opii, gr. ss. 
 
 Pulveris Cinchonas, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulas ij. — The two pills may be taken, one in the 
 morning, and the other at night ; but as each contains a 
 
152 SIALAGOGUES. 
 
 quarter of a grain of corrosive sublimate, their action must 
 be very closely watched. M. Dupuytren was partial to these 
 pills in the treatment of syphilis. He thought the opium 
 and cinchona promoted and beneficially modified the action 
 of the sublimate. 
 
 Pills with Corrosive Sublimate and Hemlock. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. yj. 
 Solve in Aquae destillatae, q. s. et adde — 
 
 Extracti Conii, 5j. * 
 
 Pulveris Conii, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas xlviij. dividenda. 
 Sigma. — Give one pill three times a day. 
 
 Used in lues venerea. 
 
 The effect of the mercurial preparations upon children is 
 sometimes very serious, and even fatal. So powerful upon 
 them is the action of this medicine, that a profuse or even gen- 
 tle salivation will sometimes produce mortification and destruc- 
 tion to the jaw, cheek, and lip. This, however, does not often 
 happen ; but to avoid it the gums should be frequently and 
 carefully examined. It is, nevertheless, a fact, that a disease 
 precisely similar in all its features occasionally attacks children 
 who are badly clothed and fed, though no mercury has been 
 given to them. 
 
 Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 K. Hydrargyri Iodidi, gr. v. 
 Confectionis Rosas, q. s. 
 
 Ut fiant pilulas xxx. Each pill will contain the sixth of a grain, 
 which may be given three times a day. Double the quantity 
 (two pills) is sometimes administered at first, but care should 
 be taken not to push it too far. 
 
 Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 U. Hydrargyri Iodidi, gr. ij. vel gr. iij. 
 Extracti Opii, gr. ij. 
 Lactucarii, gr. xij. 
 Guaiaci Resinae, gr. xxiv. 
 Misce, et fiant piluke xxiv. — Given by M. Ricord in the syphilis 
 of children. He directs one pill for a child six months old, 
 and two, three, or four pills for older children. 
 
 Dunglison's New. Rem. p. 280. 
 
SIALAGOGUES. 153 
 
 Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Iodicli, gr. j. 
 
 Extracti Juniperi vel Glycyrrhizse, gr. xij. 
 Pulveris Grlycyrrhizas, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae viij. — In adult patients, Magendie directs two to 
 be given morning and evening, to be increased to three or 
 four. Dunglison, ut supra. 
 
 Pills with Calomel, Camphor, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Camphorae, aa Bj. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. 
 Signa. — One or two to be taken morning, noon, and night, when 
 calomel by itself causes purging. 
 
 Blue Mercurial Pills. 
 
 R. Pilulae Hydrargyri, 3ss. 
 
 Divide in pilulas x. 
 Signa. — One may be taken three or four times a day, according 
 to circumstances. 
 
 If they should occasion purging, half a grain of opium may 
 be added to each pill. The mass directed in the American 
 Pharmacopoeia contains one grain of mercury in every three 
 grains. 
 
 Pills of the Bed Oxide of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Oxidi Eubri, gr. j. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. j. 
 
 Olei Caryophylli, gtt. ij. 
 Fiant pilulae iij. Signa. — One pill every night for a week. In 
 venereal cases. 
 
 This preparation, in a stronger formula, was used by the cele- 
 brated John Hunter ; but from its harshness it is now generally 
 superseded by milder medicines. 
 
 Solution of Cyanuret of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Cyanureti, gr. viij. 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 
 Fiat solutio. — This is the Liqueur anti-syphilitique of Chaussier, 
 who prefers it to corrosive sublimate on account of its greater 
 solubility and more speedy action. By giving a teaspoonful 
 of the solution, we give one-sixteenth of a grain of the cya- 
 nuret, which may be repeated morning, noon, and night, 
 watching its effects. 
 
154 SIALAGOGUES. 
 
 Powder of Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri cum Creta,, 9j. 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, Bss. 
 Fiant chartulaa vj. Signa. — One night and morning in sirup. 
 
 Commended by Dr. Paris, in dyspepsia, in which the biliary 
 secretion is impaired. He prefers it under these circumstances 
 to every other form of mercury. 
 
 Masticatory with Pellitory, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Pyrethri, 
 Mastiches, aa 3j. 
 
 Let these be dissolved together by a moderate application of 
 heat ; then divide the mass into two equal parts. One of these 
 lumps may be chewed at pleasure. In toothache, and pa- 
 ralytic affections of the tongue. 
 
 Mixture of Pellitory, Opium, &c. 
 
 R. Eadicis Pyrethri contusae, Iss. 
 Aceti destillati, f 3vj. 
 Opii, gr. iij. 
 Digest in a sand-bath for an hour. Signa. — A spoonful to be 
 held in the mouth and frequently renewed. Used in the same 
 cases as the former. 
 
 There are several other substances, such as polygala senega, 
 sal ammoniac, nitric acid, &c, which occasionally excite saliva- 
 tion ; but they are seldom employed for that purpose. 
 
CLASS XIII 
 
 TONICS. 
 
 Toxics are those medicines which impart strength, to the 
 system, without subjecting it to any preternatural excite- 
 ment during their operation. They stimulate, however, in a 
 secondary manner, by gradually increasing the force of the cir- 
 culation, and by restoring the digestive and secretory functions 
 to a more healthy state. Considerable perseverance is often 
 necessary in giving any one of this class a fair trial; and when 
 one fails, we may often resort with success to another. Much 
 also may sometimes be gained by alternating them. 
 
 [It is a well-known fact that some medicines possessed of 
 tonic properties, in small or ordinary doses, have the singular 
 power, when administered more freely, of producing such changes 
 in the economy as to render them applicable to the cure of in- 
 termittent disease. The numerous remedies, of this class, and 
 their varied modes of exhibition, render it advisable, in a work 
 of this kind, to have some mode of distinguishing them from 
 ordinary tonics. For convenience of reference, therefore, two 
 sub-classes have been made, viz: 1. Of Anti-Intermittents, and 
 2. Of Ordinary Tonics. Editok.] 
 
 Sub-Class I.— ANTI-INTERMITTENTS. 
 
 At the head of this class, stand confessedly Peruvian bark 
 and its numerous preparations. 
 
 POWDEES AND PILLS. 
 
 Powder of Peruvian Bark. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas, ^j. 
 
 A dram (about a teaspoonful) to be taken every hour in port- 
 wine, water, or milk, during the intermission of fever. 
 
156 TONICS. 
 
 Some practitioners suspend the bark till within a few hours 
 of the expected paroxysm ; and a few others administer it during 
 the hot stage of the disease. It is better to commence immedi- 
 ately after the paroxysm has ended, and give a dose every hour, 
 until the expected period of its return; and to continue it in 
 smaller quantities for several days. 
 
 Powder of Peruvian Bark and Cloves. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas, 
 
 Potassas Bitartratis, aa Ij. 
 
 Pulveris Caryophylli, 3j. 
 Misce. — Dose, a dram and a half every second hour. 
 
 This compound will sometimes succeed when the bark alone 
 fails. 
 
 Powder of Peruvian Bark and Sulphate of Magnesia. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonae, 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, aa £vj. 
 Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes asquales iv. — One to be taken 
 every two hours, when purging is required. 
 
 Powder of Peruvian Bark, Snake-root, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas, 3ss. 
 
 Serpentarias, Jj- 
 
 Sodas Bicarbonatis, 9ij. 
 Divide in chartulas iv. Signa. — One to be given every two 
 hours. In obstinate inter mi ttents. 
 
 If the bark should purge when given alone, a little opium 
 may be added; when it oppresses the stomach, cloves, as in a 
 former prescription ; if costiveness should follow, rhubarb or 
 sulphate of magnesia. The alkali in the above preparation will 
 correct acidity. 
 
 Powder of Prussiate of Iron and Guaiacum. 
 
 R. Fcrri Ferrocyanureti, 
 
 Pulveris Guaiaci, aa 3j. 
 Misce, et divide in chartulas xij. Signa. — One, three times a 
 day. In obstinate intermittents. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 R, Pilulas Quinias Sulphatis, No. x. 
 
 Signa. — Take two pills every hour, in the apyrexia of inter- 
 mittent fever, until eight or ten are taken. 
 
TONICS. 157 
 
 The officinal pill contains one grain. Sometimes it is desir- 
 able to administer a larger quantity. In such cases, Mr. E. Par- 
 rish, of this city, recommends the following form, viz : — 
 
 B. Quinise Sulphatis, gr. xx. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, gtt. xv. 
 
 "Drop the acid into the sulphate of quinia on a tile or slab, and 
 triturate it with a spatula until it assumes a pilular consist- 
 ence ; then divide into the required number of pills." Made 
 in this way a three-grain pill is not inconveniently large. 
 
 In prescribing quinia in the apyrexia of intermittents, and 
 especially in that of neuralgia, it is often necessary to increase 
 the dose beyond the officinal formula. For example, three, four, 
 or five grains may be requisite in those cases in which the neu- 
 ralgic paroxysms are violent and the intermission short ; and 
 this quantity must be repeated every two or three hours, or even 
 every hour. The principal inconveniences arising from the free 
 exhibition of quinia are a painful sense of fulness, noise, and 
 dizziness of the head, constriction of the chest, and purging. 
 The latter may be checked by accompanying each pill with a few 
 drops of laudanum, or by a tablespoonful of the simple aqueous 
 infusion of camphor. If the affection of the head or chest be- 
 comes severe, the medicine must be suspended or diminished in 
 quantity. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Carbonate of Ammonia. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Ammonias Carbonatis, gr. xxiv. 
 Fiant pilulas xij. Signa. — One every hour, beginning six hours 
 before the expected paroxysm. 
 
 These pills are large, but they will act when quinia alone 
 proves unavailing. Quinia may also be combined advantage- 
 ously with the oil of black pepper, or other essential oils, in 
 case of irritable stomach. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Cinchonia. 
 
 B. Cinchonise Sulphatis, Jss. 
 
 Confectionis Kosas, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa, in pilulas xx. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — Take two pills every hour, in the apyrexia of inter- 
 mittent fever, until eight are taken. 
 
 Experiments made in the Pennsylvania Hospital, prove the 
 sulphate of cinchonia to be an efficient substitute for quinia, in 
 a somewhat larger dose. Editor. 
 
158 TONICS. 
 
 Pills of Salicine. 
 
 R. Salicin, gr. xxiv. 
 
 Mucilaginis Aeacise, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae viij. — A pill to be taken three or four times a 
 
 day. 
 
 Salicine possesses decided anti-intermittent powers. It has to 
 be used, however, in doses double or treble those of the sul- 
 phate of quinia. 
 
 Pills of Pipeline. 
 
 R< Piperin, gr. xij. 
 
 Extracti Grentiange, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij. 
 One every hour during the apyrexia of fever. 
 
 This is one of the preparations lately introduced into practice. 
 It is a white crystalline substance procured from the black pep- 
 per, and was thought to possess considerable febrifuge powers. 
 It is stated by Pelletier, however, that its supposed virtues de- 
 pend only on the acrid concrete oil with which it is associated, 
 and that when perfectly pure it is quite inert. 
 
 Pills of Arsenic, &c, 
 
 R. Acidi Arseniosi, gr. j. 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 Saponis, gr. viij. 
 
 Pulveris Grlycyrrhizse, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulas xx. divi- 
 denda. 
 Signa. — Give one pill two, three, or four times a day, and in- 
 crease gradually, according to circumstances, watching the 
 effect. In intermittent fever, and local diseases of an inter- 
 mittent character. 
 
 Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Arsenic, &c. 
 
 R. Ammonias Muriatis, 3ss. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. viij. 
 
 Acidi Arseniosi, gr. iv. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant piluke xxxij. 
 Of which one may be given three times a day. In intermittent 
 fever. 
 
 Each of these pills contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenious 
 acid. The utmost care is requisite in compounding this and all 
 other formulas for solid arsenic, at the same time that its specific 
 tciiwii must be closely watched. 
 
TONICS. 159 
 
 Pills with the Sulphate of Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulpliatis, gr. iv. 
 
 Extracti Cinchonae Rubrae, gr. xxxij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas xvj. dividenda. 
 One to be taken three times a day. In obstinate intermittents. 
 
 Pills of Extract of Baric, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Cinchonae Rubrae, 
 
 Grentianae, aa 3j. 
 
 Ferri Sulphatis, 3ss. 
 Pnlveris Myrrhae, 5j- 
 Olei Cari, gtt. x. 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s. ut fiant pilulas Ix. 
 Signa. — Three to be taken three times a day. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Copper and Opium. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. iij. 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. 
 
 Acacias, gr. x. 
 
 Syrupi, q, s. 
 
 Ut fiat massa in pilulas xij. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — Give one pill every three hours in obstinate intermit- 
 tents. This combination is sometimes serviceable, when 
 quinia fails. Chapman. 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Bebeerine. 
 
 R. Bebeerias Sulphatis, 3ij- 
 Confectionis Rosas, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide^in pilulas xl. 
 
 Signa. — Give two pills every two hours in intermittent fevers. 
 This article has lately attracted attention in Edinburgh and 
 Paris, and the experiments thus far reported warrant a more 
 extended trial of its powers. Editoe. 
 
 DECOCTIONS AND INFUSIONS. 
 
 Decoction of Cinchona. 
 
 R. Cinchonas Rubrae contusae, Ij. 
 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 Boil for ten minutes — and while hot add — 
 
 Serpentariae Radicis, ^ss. 
 
 Aurantii Corticis, 3ij- 
 And suffer them to infuse for half an hour near the fire in a 
 covered vessel. — Dose, a wineglassful every hour. 
 
160 TONICS. 
 
 If the bark is boiled longer than ten minutes, it deposits 
 extractive and resinous matter, becomes paler, and is less effi- 
 cient. The last ingredients are directed to be infused because 
 their aromatic properties would be dissipated by decoction. 
 
 Decoction of Bark, &c. 
 
 R. Decocti Cinchonse Rubrae, f 3vj. 
 
 Tincturae Cinchonae Composite, f£j. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, gtt. x. 
 Misce. — A tablespoonful may be taken every hour or two hours 
 pro re nata. 
 
 By this preparation we obtain both the aqueous and alcoholic 
 extracts of the bark. 
 
 Infusion of Cinchona with Lirne-water. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonse Rubrae, ^ij. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, Oij. 
 Misce, et fiat infusum. 
 
 This infusion was formerly much employed. A wineglassful 
 may be taken three or four times per diem, or once every hour, 
 in intermittent and other forms of fever. 
 
 Infusion of Bark. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonse Rubrse, ij. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, fjj. 
 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 Macera per horas decern et cola. 
 Signa. — Take a wineglassful every two hours. 
 
 This infusion represents the virtues of the bark more fully 
 than either of the foregoing. 
 
 Infusion of Boneset. 
 
 R. Eupatorii, 3j. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Infuse for two hours, and strain. — Of this a wineglassful may be 
 taken every one or two hours, cold. In intermittent fever. 
 
TONICS. 161 
 
 SOLUTIONS, MIXTUKES, &c. 
 
 Solution of the Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, gtt. x. 
 
 Aquae, f |j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 A teaspoonful contains one grain of the salt. 
 
 Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. xx. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici, gtt. j. 
 
 Sacchari, 3j. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f sijss. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful for a dose, every hour during 
 the apyrexia of intermittents. 
 
 By the addition of sulphuric acid, a super-sulphate of quinia 
 is formed, which is soluble in the aqueous menstruum. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinia in Sirup. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. xyj. 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis vel Limonis, f 3ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful to be given every hour during 
 the apyrexia. 
 
 The French physicians employ a wine and tincture of quinia, 
 which, however, are not superior to the compound used in this 
 country. Both in Europe and America, and especially in Italy, 
 the dose is carried to a much greater extent than we have 
 directed. Eight, ten, fifteen, twenty, and even thirty grains 
 have been given by the Italians, without manifest injury and 
 with successful results. Such doses, however, are seldom ad- 
 missible in this country ; and a cure can generally be accom- 
 plished by giving sixteen or twenty grains in twenty-four hours, 
 repeated in half doses for three or four successive days. 
 
 Mixture with Ferrocyanate of Quinia. 
 
 B. Quiniae Ferrocyanatis, gr. iv. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 5j. 
 Solve et adde — 
 
 Aquae Camphorae, f £vij. 
 Misce. — This preparation is said to be more active than the sul- 
 phate, whence it should be given in less doses ; a teaspoonful 
 11 
 
162 TONICS. 
 
 of the solution (which will contain half a grain of the salt) 
 may be taken every hour or two hours, according to circum- 
 stances. Pills of the ferrocyanate of quinia are prepared with 
 simple mucilage, and administered like the sulphate. 
 
 The acetate, citrate, muriate, nitrate, and other salts of quinia, 
 have also been employed in Europe, and occasionally in this 
 country. They possess no advantages over the ordinary pre- 
 parations, and are given in much the same quantity. 
 
 Mixture with Sulphate of Quinia and Tartaric Acid. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. vj. 
 Acidi Tartarici, gr. iij. 
 
 . Syrupi, flj- 
 Misce. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
 
 The advantages of this preparation, are increased solubility 
 and diminished bitterness of the quinine salt. Casokati. 
 
 Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia and Tannic Acid. 
 
 B. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 
 Acidi Tannici, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquae, f 3yj. 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f 5ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful every two hours. 
 
 The object proposed in this formula by Dr. Thomas of Balti- 
 more is to diminish the intense bitterness of the sulphate. This 
 is accomplished by the formation (in part at least) of an inso- 
 luble tannate. "Whether it is as efficient as a more soluble salt, 
 remains to be proved. E. H. Thomas. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Baric and Citrate of Potash. 
 
 B. Succi Limonis, f 3jss. 
 
 Potassae Carbonatis, 5j- 
 
 Tincture Cinchonas, f £j. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f S iij - 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours. To pro- 
 mote insensible perspiration while taking the bark. 
 
 Sirup of Cinchonia. 
 
 B. Cinchoniae Sulphatis, gr. xxiv. 
 
 Syrupi, Oss. 
 Fiat mistura. — A tablespoonful will contain a grain and a half 
 of the salt, which is a full dose : to be repeated pro re nata. 
 
topics, 163 
 
 Mixture of Bed Barh in Bort Wine, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas Eubrse, 3ss. 
 
 Theriacas Andromachi, 3j. 
 
 Succi Limonis, f 3ij. 
 
 Vini Rubri, f |iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A wineglassful every second hour during the 
 apyrexia of intermittent fever. 
 
 "We find this prescription strongly recommended in the N. A. 
 Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr. Meigs. 
 
 Mixture with Decoction and Tincture of Bark, &c. 
 
 R. Decocti Cinchonas Rubras, f 3iij. 
 
 Tinctures Cinchonas Compositas, f ^j. 
 
 Pulveris Cinchonas, 3ij. 
 
 Syrupi, f 3ss. 
 Fiat mistura. — A tablespoonful to be taken every one or two 
 hours during the absence of fever. 
 
 Mixture with Extract of Barh, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Cinchonas Rubras, 3j. 
 
 Decocti Cinchonas Rubras, f Jvj. 
 
 Tincturas Cardamomi, f £iv, 
 Misce. — A tablespoonful for a dose, as above directed. 
 
 Mixture of Fowler's Solution, &c. 
 
 R. Liquoris Potassas Arsenitis, gtt. Ix. 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. xxx. 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f Jj. 
 Aquas Cinnamomi, f 3iv. 
 Piat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful for an adult, a tea-* 
 spoonful for a child; to be administered every two or three 
 hours, during the apyrexia of intermittents, watching the 
 effect. 
 
 Arsenical Mixture. 
 
 R. Liquoris Potassas Arsenitis, gtt. x. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, flj. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. x. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulas Compositi, f Jss. 
 To be taken at a dose. 
 
 This mixture is recommended by Dr. Graves, when the simple 
 arsenical solution irritates the stomach. 
 
164 TONICS. 
 
 Enema of Extract of BarJc, &c. 
 
 R. Extracti Cinchonas Rubrae, 3ss. 
 
 Aquae tepidae, f 3iv. 
 Solve ; dein adde — 
 
 Olei Olivae, f Sss. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. x. 
 Fiat enema. — To be administered every fourth hour. In inter- 
 mittents. 
 
 "When preferred, the powdered bark may be used, say 3ij. 
 mixed with some of the decoction instead of common water. 
 Bark is also employed externally in the form of a waistcoat, 
 worn next the skin. A poultice made by mixing the powder 
 and decoction into a paste, may be applied to the region of the 
 stomach ; and lastly, the decoction is used as a semicupium. 
 
 Enema of Quinia. 
 
 Quinia is employed in enemata, and in this form has an imme- 
 diate and powerful effect on intermittent fevers. From twelve 
 to twenty grains of the sulphate of quinia, dissolved, in a tea- 
 cupful of flaxseed or other mucilage, may be administered at 
 Si time, and repeated in four or six hours. 
 
 Sub-Class II.— ORDINARY TONICS. 
 
 POWDERS AND PILLS. 
 
 Powder of Carbonate of Iron. 
 
 B. Ferri Subcarbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Divide in chartulas vj. Signa. — One every six hours in mo- 
 lasses. Chorea, neuralgia, &c. 
 
 The dose may be carried as far as 3ss. every four or six hours, 
 but must sometimes be preceded by antiphlogistic treatment. 
 
 Powder of Colomba, Ginger, &c. 
 
 K. Pulveris Colombaa, 
 
 — Ferri Subcarbonatis, 
 
 Rhei, 
 
 Zingiberis, aa 5j- 
 
 Misce, et fiant pulveres xij. — One to be taken three times a day, 
 in molasses. 
 
tonics. 165 
 
 Iron by Hydrogen. 
 B. Ferri Pulveris, £j. 
 Divide in pulveres xij. 
 
 Signa. — Take one powder three times a day in sirup or mo- 
 lasses. 
 
 This has been much used in anaemia and chlorosis. It is 
 one of the best preparations of iron. 
 
 Powder of Belladonna, Quinia, and Rhubarb. 
 
 B. Pulveris Belladonnge Kadicis, gr. jss. 
 
 Quinias Muriatis, gr. iv. 
 
 Pulveris Rhei, gr. xv. 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres x. 
 Signa. — Take one powder morning, noon, and night. 
 
 This has been employed successfully in engorgements of the 
 liver and spleen, following intermittent fever. Schwabe. 
 
 Powders with Ipecacuanha, Iron, &c. 
 
 B. Ferri Subcarbonatis, gr. xlviij. 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhaa, gr. yj. 
 
 Hydrargyri cum Creta", gr. xij. 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres yj. 
 Signa. — Take one powder twice a day. 
 
 Used with decidedly good effect in chlorosis. Ashwell. 
 
 Powder of Angustura Bark. 
 
 B. Pulveris Angusturas, 3ss. 
 
 Divide in chartulas yj. — Of which one may be taken three or 
 four times a day, in water, or any other vehicle. 
 
 This bark has been successfully administered in uterine 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 Powder of Colomba and Tartrate of Iron. 
 
 R. Ferri et Potassas Tartratis, 9ij. 
 
 Pulveris Colombae, Jss. 
 Fiant pulveres iv. Signa. — One every three or four hours, in 
 sirup. 
 
 Powder with Rust of Iron, &c. 
 
 B. Ferri Sulphatis, 9ij. 
 
 Subcarbonatis, 3iss. 
 
 Divide in pulveres xij. Signa. — One to be taken morning, 
 noon, and night, in sirup or molasses. 
 
166 TONICS. 
 
 Pills of Protocarbonate of Iron. 
 
 R. Pilula? Ferri Carbonatis, 3j- 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonatis, q. s. 
 Ut nant pilula? xx. Signa. — A pill to be -taken morning, 
 
 noon, and night. This is one of the latest and best formulae 
 
 for the chalybeate preparations. 
 
 Lactate of Iron. 
 
 This salt of iron has lately been introduced into notice, but it 
 has no obvious advantage over the ordinary preparations. — 
 The dose is from gr. v. to 9j. 
 
 Pills of Cinchona and Camphor. 
 R. Extracti Cinchonas Rubra?, Jj. 
 
 Opii, gr.j. 
 
 Camphora?, gr. xij. 
 Pnlveris Cinchona?, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilula? xij. — One to be taken three or four times a day. 
 
 Ratiek. 
 
 Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Amrnoniati, 3j. 
 
 Confectionis Rosa?, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xl. 
 Signa. — One or two to be taken at bedtime. In epilepsy. 
 
 Febrifuge Bolus. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchona? Rubra?, 3j. 
 
 Ammonia? Muriatis, 
 
 Carbonatis, aa gr. xij. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassa? Tartratis, gr. xviij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa et divide in partes xlviij. 
 Signa. — One to be taken four times a day, during the apyrexia 
 of fever. Hotel Dieu. 
 
 Pills of Ammoniated Iron, ct-c. 
 
 R. Ferri Amrnoniati, 9j. 
 Pulveris Rhei, gr. viij. 
 
 Confectionis Rosa?, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulas viij. divi- 
 denda. 
 
 This formula is recommended in rachitis, and is to be con- 
 tinued with one pill a day for a fortnight, and then intermitted 
 for the same length of time, and again resumed. The object of 
 this direction is to prevent the system from becoming habituated 
 to the medicine. 
 
TONICS, 167 
 
 Pills of Sulphate of Iron and Quinia. 
 
 R. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Ferri Sulpliatis, gr. xxiv. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Misce, et fiant pilulas xij. Signa. — Take two pills three times 
 daily. Used in chlorosis and anaemia. Kiekby. 
 
 Pills of Iron and Quinia. 
 
 R. Pilulas Ferri Carbonatis, 5ss. 
 
 Quiniae Sulpliatis, gr. x. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xv. Signa. — One pill every 
 four hours. Thomas. 
 
 Pills of Iron, Bed Pepper, &c. 
 R. Pulveris Aloes, 
 
 Ferri Sulphatis, aa 9j. 
 Mastiches, gr. x. 
 Pulveris Capsici, 9j. 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas xx. dividenda. Signa. — Take one pill 
 every four hours. In chlorosis. Copland. 
 
 Mitchell" 1 s Tonic Pills. 
 
 R. Extracti Quassias, 3ij. 
 
 : Conii, gr. x. 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonatis, gr. x. 
 
 Liquoris Potassae Arsenitis, gtt. x. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas xl. dividenda. Signa. — Take one pill 
 three times daily. J. K. Mitchell. 
 
 Pills of Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 R. Argenti Mtratis, gr. iv. 
 
 Pulveris Grlycyrrhizas, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xij. 
 Signa. — Take one pill every three hours. 
 
 Pills of Nitrate of Silver, &c. 
 
 R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. v. vel x. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, 9ss. 
 
 Camphoras, 
 
 Myristicas, aa 9j. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas 
 xx. Dose, a pill morning and evening. In chorea and epi- 
 lepsy. 
 
168 TONICS. 
 
 Pills of Iodide of Manganese. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, 
 
 Manganesiae Sulphatis, exsiccatas, aa 5j« 
 Mellis, q. s. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas xxx. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — To be kept in a well-stopped bottle. Take one pill 
 morning and night. 
 
 The salts of manganese have recently been introduced as 
 substitutes for the corresponding preparations of iron. 
 
 Hannon. 
 
 Pills of Iron and Gentian. 
 
 R. Ferri Pulveris, 9j. 
 
 Extracti Grentianas, 9ij. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xx. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times a day. 
 
 Pills of the Sulphate of Iron. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, 3j- 
 
 Extracti Grentianas, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas 
 xxx. 
 One to be taken morning, noon, and night. In dyspepsia, &c. 
 
 Pills of the Extract of Quassia. 
 
 R. Extracti Quassias, Jj. 
 
 Fiant pilulas xx. 
 
 Of which one may be taken three or four times a day. 
 
 This is one of the purest bitters, and when a simple tonic 
 is required, a more appropriate preparation cannot be substi- 
 tuted. 
 
 Pills of Oxide of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Oxidi, Bij. 
 
 Confectionis Kosas, q. s. ut fiant pilulas x. 
 Signa. — One three or four times a day. In epilepsy, chorea, &c. 
 
 Dr. Chapman speaks favorably of this medicine, and recom- 
 mends to begin with the above dose, and gradually to increase 
 it. 
 
 Pills of the Nitrate of Bismuth. 
 
 R. Bismuthi Subnitratis, 3j- 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. ut fiant pilulas xxx. 
 One to be taken every two hours. In dyspepsia. 
 
TONICS. 169 
 
 Pills of Nitromuriate of Gold. 
 
 R. Auri Mtromuriatis, gr. v. 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, 3jss. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acaciae, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas lxxv. divi- 
 denda. 
 Signa. — One or two thrice a day. In syphilis, &c. 
 
 This metal is placed under the head of tonics by Dr. Chap- 
 man and we have followed his example. Although once much 
 extolled, it is now seldom used. 
 
 [By the term nitro-muriate, the author means what is now 
 known as the chloride of gold. According to the Codex, it is 
 prepared by heating in a sand-bath, "one part of fine leaf 
 gold, with three parts of nitro-muriatic acid, and evaporating 
 the solution carefully until the odor of chlorine is perceptible. 
 It is then set aside to cool and crystallize." (Dunglison.) 
 The preparations of gold are again coming into use. Editor.] 
 
 Mustard Seed. 
 
 R. Seminum Sinapis Albi, ^j. 
 
 Signa. — A teaspoonful of the unbruised seeds two or three times 
 a day. They are beneficial in costive habits, when the con- 
 stipation depends upon a torpid state of the muscular coat of 
 the intestines. — Paris on Diet, p. 187. 
 
 Electuary of Cinchona, Bust of Iron, &c. 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas, 
 
 Ferri Subcarbonatis, aa oj. 
 
 Copaibas, q. s. ut fiat electuarium. 
 To be made (by the patient) into pills of the ordinary size, of 
 which four may be taken three times a day. 
 
 Pills of the Oxide of Silver. 
 
 R. Argenti Oxidi, gr. yj. 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizse, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Ut fiat massa in pilulas xij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
 Used with much success in pyrosis. Also highly recom- 
 mended in menorrhagia. 
 
170 TONICS. 
 
 INFUSIONS AND DECOCTIONS. 
 
 Infusion of Sage, Boneset, &c. 
 
 R. Sal viae, 
 
 Eupatorii, aa £ss. 
 
 Cascarillae, 3j. 
 Infuse in three naif-pints of boiling water until cold. Dose, a 
 wineglassful every three or four hours. In hectic fever. 
 
 Infusion of Colombo, and Ginger. 
 
 R. Colombae contusae, 3j. 
 Zingiberis, 3ij. 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. — Give of the strained liquor (cold) a wineglassful 
 every two hours. 
 
 This infusion, freely used, is adapted to chronic diarrhoea. 
 
 Infusion of Colomba, Rhubarb, &c. 
 
 R. Cari contusi, 
 
 Eadicis Colombae contusae, 
 
 Ehei contusae, aa 9j. 
 
 Aquae ferventis, Oviij. 
 Digest for two hours, and strain. 
 
 R. Liquoris colati, f^iijss. 
 
 Tincturae Ehei, f3j. 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis, f3ij. 
 Misce. — Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful for children, 
 according to their age. In diarrhoea. 
 
 Infusion of Wild-cherry Baric. 
 R. Pruni Yirginiani, §j. 
 Aurantii Corticis, 3ij- 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 Infuse the bark alone for six hours, and then add the orange- 
 peel. A wineglassful may be taken every hour or two in 
 consumptive cases, asthma, &c. 
 
 Infusion of Virginia Snake-root. 
 
 R. Serpentariae, 3j. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour. A wineglassful every 
 hour or two hours, pro re nata. 
 
TONICS. 171 
 
 Infusion of Quassia, &c. 
 
 B. Quassias, 
 
 Serpentarias, 
 
 Aurantii Corticis, aa Iss. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oij. 
 Fiat infusum et cola. — A teacupful to be taken cold, three times 
 a day. 
 
 Cold Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel. 
 
 B. Anthemidis, 5J. 
 
 Aurantii Corticis, ?ss. 
 
 Aquas, Oij. 
 Macerate for twenty-four hours. — Dose, a teacupful three or 
 four times a day. 
 
 The infusion of chamomile made with cold, is in general 
 more grateful to the patient than when made with boiling 
 water. The same remark applies to infusions generally, and 
 they are also less liable to ferment. 
 
 Infusion of Hops. 
 
 B. Humuli, 3j. 
 
 Aquas ferventis, Oj. 
 Infuse for two hours, and strain by expression. Of this a wine- 
 glassful may be taken three or four times a day. In dyspepsia. 
 
 Compound Infusion of Gentian. 
 
 B. Gentianas concisas, Iss. 
 
 Aurantii Corticis, 3ij- 
 
 Cardamomi, Jss. 
 
 Aquas ferventis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. 
 
 Gentian is an excellent bitter. The above preparation is given 
 in wineglassful doses, in debility of the digestive organs, &c. 
 
 Decoction of Angustura Bark. 
 
 B. Angusturas coutusas, 3j. 
 
 Aquas, Ojss. 
 Boil for fifteen or twenty minutes and strain. Of this decoction 
 a wineglassful may be taken every two hours. 
 
172 TONICS. 
 
 Decoction of Dog-wood Baric. 
 
 B. Cornus Floridae contusi, 3j. 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 
 Boil for twenty or thirty minutes, and strain. — A wineglassful 
 may be given every hour, as a substitute for Peruvian bark 
 in intermittents, or as an ordinary tonic, every two hours. 
 
 Decoction of Baric and Valerian. 
 
 B. Cinchonas Rubrae contusae, Ij. 
 
 Boil in a pint of water for ten minutes, and strain. 
 
 B. Valerianae contusae, ^j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 Infuse for one hour, and strain. — Add the decoction of bark to 
 
 this infusion, and give a teacupful cold, three or four times a 
 
 day. 
 
 This was a favorite prescription with the late Dr. Parrish, in 
 rheumatic and nervous headache and hemicrania. 
 
 Acorn Coffee. 
 
 B. Pulveris Glandis Quercus torrefactae, Ej. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. — Three or four teacupfuls may be taken during 
 the day, and augmented according to circumstances. 
 
 The above is a favorite remedy with the Germans. "It is 
 one of the most successful in mesenteric atrophy, commencing 
 rachitis, glandular swellings, asthma, and cough. Continued 
 for a long time, it is one of the most powerful means we pos- 
 sess for destroying the scrofulous disposition." — Hufeland, 
 Treatise on Scrofula, p. 215. 
 
 MIXTURES, TINCTURES, &c. 
 
 Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. 
 B. Myrrhae, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 3j. 
 
 Potassae Carbonatis, gr. xxv. 
 Tere simul, et adde gradatim — 
 
 Aquae Rosae, f ,5vijss. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae, f 3ss. 
 Dein adde — 
 
 Ferri Sulphatis crystal lizati, in pulverem contriti, 9j. 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, a tablespoonful according to circumstances. 
 Given as a tonic in phthisis. 
 
TONICS. 173 
 
 Mixture of Sulphuric Acid, &c. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, 9j. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici, gtt. iv. vel vj. 
 
 Saccliari, 3j- 
 
 Aquae, f ^iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful for a dose, to be repeated every 
 two, three, or four hours, much diluted. 
 
 Vinous Tincture of Gentian, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Gentians, 
 
 Corticis Aurantii, aa 3ss. 
 
 Yini Eubri, Oj. 
 Macerate for three days, and give a wineglassful two or three 
 times a day. In dyspepsia. 
 
 Mixture of Sulphate of Iron and Elixir of Vitriol. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, gr. iv. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, gtt. xx. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f ^j. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A teaspoonful to be taken three times 
 a day in a wineglass of water. 
 
 Vinegar Draught. 
 
 R. Acidi Acetici, f 5j. 
 
 Tincturae Cardamomi Compositae, f 3ss. 
 
 Syrupi, f 3ss. 
 
 Aquae, f ^x. 
 Misce. — To be taken in such portions as the stomach can bear. 
 In sick headache. 
 
 Tincture of Cinchona, Valerian, &c, 
 
 R. Tincturae Cinchonas, 
 
 Valerianae, aa f Ij. 
 
 Cardamomi, f 3ij. 
 
 Aquae Menthae Piperitae, f liv. 
 Fiat mistura. — Of this mixture a tablespoonful may be given 
 every third hour. It is especially designed as a tonic in 
 nervous temperaments. 
 
174 TONICS. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Aloes, Gentian, &c. 
 
 B. Aloes, Ij. 
 
 Pulveris Zedoarias, 
 
 Grentianas, 
 
 Croci, 
 
 Khei, 
 
 Agarici, aa 5j- 
 
 Syrupi, il'\y 
 To be mixed into a quart of brandy. This is the celebrated 
 Baume de vie, or Elixir of Life. It is a powerful tonic, and 
 one of the most effectual febrifuge medicines. In intermit- 
 tents, especially, it is justly celebrated. Dose, a tablespoonful 
 three times a day, in water. 
 
 Acidulated Tincture of Gentian, 
 
 B. Tincturas Gentianas Composites, f %iv. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici, f 3ss. 
 Misce. — A small teaspoonful to be taken in sugar and water, 
 three or four times a day. 
 
 Huxharrts Tincture of Bark. 
 
 B. Tinctures Cinchonas Composites, f 3j. 
 
 Signa. — A teaspoonful for a dose, every two hours. 
 
 In the same doses as the above may be taken, 
 
 Tinctura Colombas — et 
 Tinctura Gentianas Compositas. 
 
 Muriated Tincture of Iron. 
 
 B. Tincturas Ferri Chloridi, f By 
 
 From five to twenty drops to be taken in a glass of cold chamo- 
 mile tea, twice or thrice a day. In passive hemorrhage. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver Mixture. 
 
 B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. \ — j. 
 
 A qua? dcstillatas, fiij. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 9ij. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A teaspoonful every two hours. 
 
 Used in the diarrhoea of newly-weaned infants. This is ac- 
 companied by the occasional injection of gr. £ of the salt in 
 mucilage. HlKSCII. 
 
TONICS. 175 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. 
 
 R. Strychniae Acetatis, gr. j. 
 
 Acidi Acetici, ^Ixx. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 5ij- 
 
 Aquae, f 3yj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take ten drops three times a day. 
 
 Useful as a tonic, in all cases of nervous exhaustion. 
 
 Maeshall Hall. 
 
 Solution of Persesquinitrate of Iron. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ferri Nitratis, f 3j- 
 
 Syrupi, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae, f3yj. 
 Eiat mistura. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful every three hours. 
 
 This preparation is very serviceable in all forms of diarrhoea, 
 but more especially in chronic mucous diarrhoea, hemorrhage 
 from the bowels, uterine hemorrhage, &c. 
 
 Sirup of Proto-Nitrate of Iron. 
 
 R. Sulphate of Iron, Iviij. 
 
 Carbonate of Soda, 3x. 
 
 "White Sugar, ^xx. 
 
 Nitric Acid (sp. gr. 1.42) f 3 v. and f 3 v. 
 
 Boiling Water, 
 
 Simple Sirup, of each, sufficient. 
 " Dissolve the sulphate of iron, and carbonate of soda, each in 
 two pints of the water, filter, and add to each solution two 
 ounces of simple sirup. Mix the solutions, and allow the 
 precipitate to subside. Pour off the supernatant liquid, and 
 wash the precipitated carbonate carefully with sweetened 
 water, until the washings have no longer a saline taste. 
 Collect the precipitate upon a fine muslin strainer, and with 
 gentle pressure express as much of the water as possible. 
 Transfer to a porcelain capsule, and add gradually the nitric 
 acid, previously diluted with an equal measure of water. Mix 
 the sugar with the solution, and dissolve over a water-bath, 
 stirring from time to time with a glass rod. When done, 
 the sirup should be made to measure thirty fluidounces, by 
 the addition of a sufficient quantity of water. This sirup 
 contains ten grains of dry nitrate of iron, to each fluidram, 
 and the dose varies from twenty to forty drops." 
 
 LlVEEMOEE. 
 
176 TONICS. 
 
 Prof. Procter has published another formula, Journ. Pharmacy, 
 vol. 23, p. 315. 
 
 This preparation is much used in Philadelphia as a substitute 
 for the persesquinitrate of iron, and as the mode of making it 
 is not generally known, the whole process is given. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Sirup of Iodide of Iron. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ferri Iodidi, f £ss. 
 
 Signa. — Take twenty drops, every three hours, in sweetened 
 water. 
 
 This valuable preparation is tonic, alterative, and emmena- 
 gogue. 
 
 Sirup of Iodide of Iron and Manganese. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ferri et Manganesias Iodidi, f Uss. 
 Signa. — Take twenty drops every three hours, in sweetened 
 water. 
 
 This is used for the same purposes as the preceding. The 
 salts of manganese are beginning to attract attention. The 
 formula for its preparation, by Prof. Procter, will be found m 
 the American Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 25, p. 198. 
 
CLASS XIV 
 
 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 Alteratives have been defined — medicines that re-establish 
 the healthy functions of the animal economy, without produc- 
 ing any active evacuation. This class of remedies, therefore, 
 embraces numerous preparations which produce a slow but 
 decided effect on the various secreting organs, sometimes with- 
 out any sensible increase of the secretions themselves, but in 
 other instances obviously augmenting or magnifying them. 
 Such is the action of minute doses of mercury, iodine, and other 
 substances upon the glandular apparatus. These medicines are 
 generally classed with stimulants and tonics, some of them with 
 narcotics, and others have been placed with those preparations 
 to which they seem most allied when given in an overdose — 
 sialagogues, for example. Without attempting to investigate 
 this question farther than regards practical convenience, we 
 proceed in this place to indicate the more active and important 
 Alteratives ; merely premising the familiar truth, that medicines 
 of almost every class of the materia medica become alteratives 
 by being administered in very small doses at intervals of a few 
 hours. 
 
 PILLS AND POWDERS. 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 The mercurial preparations constitute the most decided and 
 efficient medicines of this class. In addition to several formulas 
 inserted under the head of Sialagogues, the following may be 
 appropriately noticed in this place. 
 
 Calomel Pills. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. ij. 
 
 Confectionis Rosse, q. s. ut riant pilulee xij. 
 Of which one may be taken every hour or two hours. In ma- 
 rasmus, &c. &c. 
 12 
 
178 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 The use of calomel in minute doses has become very general, 
 and deservedly so. In the hepatic and intestinal complaints of 
 children, it is productive of the happiest results when carefully 
 managed. 
 
 In infants, for example, the sixteenth or eighth of a grain, 
 repeated every hour or two hours, according to age and circum- 
 stance, will often check diarrhoea, cholera infantum, and dysen- 
 tery, which have resisted every other treatment. If the discharges 
 are attended by pain and tenesmus, small doses of powdered 
 opium or laudanum may be added ; but, as a general rule, the 
 anodyne had better be given by injection. 
 
 The preparation called blue-pill (pilula hydrargyri) is indicated 
 in similar conditions, and is especially beneficial whenever an 
 alterative is called for. A grain given at bedtime, or even a 
 grain in divided portions through the day, will often produce 
 the desired effect. Hence its extensive use in chronic and ob- 
 scure derangements of the digestive organs, especially of the 
 stomach and liver ; in the whole class of syphilitic affections ; 
 glandular enlargements, &c. 
 
 In like manner, all the mercurial preparations mentioned 
 under the head of Sialagog-ues, become alteratives by cautious 
 administration in doses more or less minute, and especially when 
 they are given in conjunction with the preparations of sarsa- 
 parilla. 
 
 Pills of Calomel, Quinia, Opium, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. vj. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 
 Quinia3 Sulphatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulae xij. dividenda. 
 Signa. — One* night and morning. 
 
 Pills of Blue Mass, Quinia, &c. 
 
 R. Pilulae Hydrargyri, 
 
 Quinios Sulphatis, 
 
 Pulveris Aloes, aa gr. xij. 
 
 Syrupi Khei Aromatici, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij. 
 ftigna. — One, three or four times a day. 
 
 Either of the above prescriptions is adapted to the condition 
 that follows bilious intermittent or remittent fever. They may 
 be denominated tonic alteratives. 
 
ALTEKATIYES. 179 
 
 Pills of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hvdrargyri Iodicli Kubri, gr. ss. 
 
 Extracti Juniperi vel (xlycyrrhizas, gr. viij. 
 Divide in pihilas viij. Signa. — Two in the morning and two at 
 night ; dose to be gradually and cautiously augmented. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate Pills. 
 
 R. Hvdrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j. 
 Solve in aquam destillatam, dein adde — 
 
 Micas Panis, 
 
 Sacchari, aa gr. x. vel q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulas xx. 
 Signa. — Take one pill every four hours as an alterative. 
 
 DZONDI. 
 
 Arsenic. 
 
 Arsenic is a powerful alterative, and one that should be ad- 
 ministered with the utmost circumspection. In addition to the 
 formulae already given, the following may be found useful. 
 
 Pills of the Arseniate of Iron. ■ 
 
 R. Ferri Arseniatis, gr. iij. 
 Extracti Lupuli, Ed. 5j. 
 Pulveris Altheas, 3ss. 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa. 
 To be divided into forty-eight pills, of which one is given daily. 
 Prescribed by Dr. Biett in scrofulous, cancerous, and herpetic 
 diseases. 
 
 Asiatic Pills. 
 
 R. Acidi Arseniosi, gr. j. 
 
 Pulveris Piperis Mgri, gr. xij. 
 
 Acacias, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquas, q. s. 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xij. 
 
 Signa. — Take one pill morning and night. Much used for 
 tuberculous lepra. Biett. 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic Pills. 
 
 R. Arsenici Iodidi, gr. j. — ij. 
 
 Extracti Conii, 9ij. 
 Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xvj. 
 
 Signa. — Take one pill morning and night. Given in lepra, im- 
 petigo, and cancerous disease. 
 
180 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 Pills of Iodide of Silver, 
 
 R. Argenti Iodidi, 
 
 Potassas Nitratis, aa gr. x. 
 Tere simul ut fiat pulvis subtilis, dein adde — 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, 3ss. 
 
 Sacchari, 3j. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae xl. 
 Signa. — Take one pill three times daily. 
 
 Used successfully in the gastric affections of the Irish pea- 
 santry. C. Patterson. 
 
 Pills of Bromide of Iron. 
 
 R. Ferri Bromidi pulverizati, gr. xij. 
 Confectionis Kosse, gr. xviij. 
 Acacias, gr. xij. 
 Mi see, et fiant pilulse xx. Two pills to be taken in the morn- 
 ing, and two in the evening, or, one three times a day. In 
 hypertrophy of the heart, and scrofulous affections. 
 
 Dr. Eobert Dick strongly recommends the use of the bro- 
 mide of iron in dyspeptics with strumous habits. 
 
 Magendie. 
 
 Pills of Calomel and Ox Gall. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 9j. 
 
 Fellis Bovini inspissati, gr. xv. 
 
 Saponis, gr. x. 
 
 Extracti Taraxaci, 3ss. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas xx. dividenda. 
 Signa. — Take two pills at bedtime. 
 
 These pills are alterative and deobstruent. 
 
 Brucia. 
 
 The alkaline principle called Brucia, or Brucine, is contained 
 in the false Angustura bark, nux vomica, and St. Ignatius's 
 bean. It possesses the properties of strychnia, but in less de- 
 gree. It may be administered in doses of half a grain to a grain ; 
 but the minimum dose should be first given, and the quantity 
 gradually augmented. , 
 
ALTEKATIVES. 181 
 
 Pills of Brucia. 
 
 B. Brucise, gr. xij. 
 
 Confectionis Eosas, q. s. ut fiat massa. 
 Divide in pilulas xxiv. 
 
 Signa. — One pill to be taken four times a day, and gradually 
 increased. 
 
 Burnt Sponge. 
 
 R. Spongiae Ustae, 3j. 
 
 Sacchari 9j. 
 Misce, et divide in chartulas vj. — One three times a day, gradu- 
 ally augmenting the dose. In bronchocele. 
 
 It is well known that iodine was first discovered in sea- weed 
 and sponges ; and the latter having long had the reputation of 
 being a cure for goitre, it was found that iodine was the active 
 remedial agent. We give above a prescription for the use of 
 Sponge as formerly in vogue, but now nearly superseded by 
 the preparations of pure iodine. 
 
 TINCTURES, MIXTURES, &c. 
 
 Preparations of Iodine. 
 
 That iodine is one of the most powerful alteratives at present 
 known, there can be no question. There are few diseases de- 
 pendent upon or connected with morbid secretion of the glandu- 
 lar structures, but what are more or less modified by its use, 
 while in others it acts as a direct curative agent. It is chiefly, 
 however, in scrofulous, glandular, and cutaneous affections that 
 it acts most beneficially, dispersing indurations of the glands, 
 and restoring the secretions of the cutaneous and mucous appa- 
 ratus ; whence its advantages in eruptive diseases, bronchitis, 
 leucorrhoea, amenorrhoea, &c. &c. It has been found to restore 
 suppressed hemorrhoidal and catamenial discharges, and when 
 pushed too far, has even produced alarming hemorrhage of the 
 lungs, nose, and uterus. These facts should make the practi- 
 tioner extremely cautious in its administration, beginniug with 
 small doses, and watching their effects. Should it produce any 
 of the inconveniences already mentioned, or dizziness, nausea, 
 purging, burning of the skin or swelling of the gums, it should 
 be at once suspended, or given less frequently and in smaller 
 doses. 
 
182 ALTEKATIVES. 
 
 Ethereal Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 R. Iodinii, gr. vj. 
 iEtheris, f5ij. 
 
 Misce. — Thirty drops contain one grain of iodine. — Dose, ten 
 drops two or three times a day, largely diluted. In cuta- 
 neous and glandular diseases. 
 
 Compound Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 R. Iodinii, gss. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, Ej. 
 
 Alcoholis, Oj. 
 Fiat tinctura. — Dose, five to fifteen drops, pro re nata. 
 
 Mixture of Iodide of Potassium, &c. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. x. vel 9j. 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, Iss. 
 
 Potassae et Antimonii Tartratis, gr. ss. 
 
 Aquas destillatae, f 3yj. 
 Misce. Signa. — A teaspoonful three or four times a day. In 
 scrofula. 
 
 Saturated Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 R." Iodinii, 9ij. 
 Alcoholis, f 3j. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f3ij. 
 Fiat solutio. — This is Mr. Durand's saturated solution. The 
 dose is ten or twenty drops, which may be gradually increas- 
 ed, watching its effects. 
 
 Iodine with Iodide of Potassium. 
 R. Iodinii, gr. iij. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, gr. vj. 
 Aquae destillatae, fsj. 
 Solve. Signa. — Dose, six to ten or twenty drops thrice a clay 
 in a draught of cold water. 
 
 If it produce dizziness, pain in the bowels, or other unpleasant 
 symptoms, diminish the quantity. 
 
 The author of Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption, strong- 
 ly recommends this formula in catarrh, phthisis, &c. It has a 
 powerful effect in glandular disease, and all affections of the 
 mucous membranes. S. G. Morton. 
 
ALTERATIVES. 183 
 
 Mixture of Tincture of Iodine, &c. 
 R. Tinctures Iodinii, f 5j. 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, f |ij. 
 Aquas destillatas, f ivj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours. Em- 
 ployed in cases of ulceration accompanied by purulent dis- 
 charge from the meatus auditorius, and in the scrofulous dia- 
 thesis. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Iron. 
 R. Ferri Iodidi, Jj. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f Ij. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose, six to ten drops, morning, noon, and night, 
 in a wineglass of cold water. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. xxxyj. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f ^j. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose, ten to twenty drops, morning, noon, and 
 night, in a wineglass of sweetened water. Each dose will 
 contain between one and two grains of the iodide. 
 
 Magendie. 
 
 LugoVs Solution. 
 
 R. Liquoris Iodinii Compositi, f Iss. 
 
 Signa. — Give ten drops in sweetened water three times a day. 
 
 Magendie 1 s Anti-epileptic Iodine Solution. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, 5iv. 
 
 Iodinii, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas, f ^vj. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose, a teaspoonful thrice per diem. 
 
 Mixture with Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, 3ss. 
 
 Syrupi Zingiberis, f ^j. 
 
 Aquas, f 3v. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Take a tablespoonful three times a day. 
 
 Solution of the Ioduretted Hydriodate of Potash. 
 
 R. Iodinii, 9j. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, 9ij. 
 Aquas destillatas, f ^vij. 
 Fiat solutio. — Dose, six drops, morning and evening, in a wine- 
 glass of water. In scrofulous and scirrhous diseases. 
 
 D.unglison's New Remedies, 6th ed. p. 598. 
 
184 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 Mixture of lodo-hydrar gyrate of Potash. 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. iijss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Iodidi Kubri, gr. ivss. 
 Aquae destillatae, f §j. 
 Dissolve first the iodide of potassium, and then the biniodide of 
 mercury, in the water. The compound salt in this solution 
 may be assumed at eight grains, although there is a small ex- 
 cess of the iodide of potassium. The dose is from two to five 
 drops, containing from the thirtieth to the twelfth part of a 
 grain, which may be repeated three times a da}^, much diluted. 
 
 Dr. Channing. 
 
 Ioduretted Sulphuric Ether. 
 R. iEtheris, f$j. 
 Iodinii, gr. vj. 
 Solve. Signa. — Six drops constitute a dose. To be largely 
 diluted when taken. 
 
 Thirty drops of this solution contain a grain of iodine. 
 
 Iodine Waters. 
 
 The physicians of Europe, and especially of Paris, have made 
 extensive and salutary use of iodine waters, both internally and 
 externally. In these, the iodine is very much diluted, and gene- 
 rally with the addition of more or less common salt. These 
 waters are prepared on a large scale and with great precision by 
 the pharmaceutists of Paris ; but they have been but partially 
 introduced into this country. M. Magendie, however, gives 
 formulas for some extemporaneous iodine waters, which may 
 answer all the purposes of the more elaborate preparations. The 
 following is an example : — 
 
 R. Potassii Iodidi, gr. vj. 
 
 Iodinii, gr. j. 
 
 Aquae, Oij. 
 Fiat solutio. — This solution is directed to be drank at meals, in 
 place of common water. 
 
 Donovan's Solution. 
 
 R. Liquoris Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, f sss. 
 Signa. — Give ten drops three times a day in sweetened water. 
 Used in various skin diseases, and for venereal eruptions. 
 
 Bromine. 
 
 This substance, which is allied to chlorine and iodine, in its 
 habitudes, is obtained from salt springs and other mineral waters. 
 In medicine, it is chiefly used in combination with potassa. 
 
ALTERATIVES. 185 
 
 Solution of Bromine. 
 
 R. Brominii, f Jss. 
 
 Aquae, f ^ijss. 
 Misce. Signa. — Dose, five drops three times daily. 
 
 Pourche. 
 
 Solution of Bromide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Bromidi, 9j. — ij. 
 
 Syrupi Aurantii Corticis, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae, fliij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give a tablespoonful tliree times a day. 
 
 Mixture of Iodine and Arsenic. 
 
 R. Liquoris Iodinii Compositi, f 3ij. 
 
 Potassae Arsenitis, f 3j. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — Take five drops three times daily. 
 
 Pearson's Solution. 
 
 R. Sodae Arseniatis, gr.j. 
 
 Aquae, f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Dose, twelve to twenty drops, three times 
 a day. 
 
 Used in the scaly and other skin diseases. 
 
 An arseniate of ammonia was introduced by Biett, and em- 
 ployed by him in the same strength as the foregoing solution, 
 i. e. one grain to the fluidounce, and given in the dose of twenty 
 drops. Its virtues are similar to those of Fowler's and Pearson's 
 solutions. 
 
 Phosphate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Ammoniae Phosphatis, ^ss. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f §vj. 
 Fiat solutio. — A tablespoonful to be taken every four hours. 
 
 The preceding formula is that of Dr. Buckler, who recom- 
 mends it in those cases of gout and rheumatism in which little 
 acid is present in the urine ; as well as in all the chronic modi- 
 fications of those diseases, especially when they are associated 
 with chronic thickening of the white tissues. 
 
 Strychnia. 
 
 We have (under the head of Narcotics) noticed several pre- 
 scriptions for using this extremely poisonous substance ; but as 
 
186 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 it is chiefly given as an alterative, we now add some additional 
 modes of administration. Strychnia is much in vogue in the 
 whole class of nervous diseases, paralysis, whether general or 
 local, neuralgia, chorea, hysteria, &c. It is also employed in 
 syphilis, amenorrhoea, dyspepsia, bronchitis, and, in fact, in all 
 cases where an alterative course is indicated. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. 
 
 R. Strychnia? Acetatis, gr. iij. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f 5vij. 
 Misce. — Dose, five drops twice a day, cautiously increasing it. 
 Dunglison, New Remedies, 6th ed. p. 664:. 
 
 Tincture of Acetate of Strychnia. 
 
 R. Strychnia? Acetatis, gr. jss. 
 
 Alcoholis, flss. 
 Fiat tinctura. — Dose, five to ten drops thrice per diem. In sy- 
 philitic, pains of the bones, &c. Dungliscw, ut supra. 
 
 A sulphate of strychnia is also in use. It is prepared like 
 the acetate, of course substituting sulphuric acid. It has no 
 advantages over the preparations already given, and is little 
 used. See Magendie, Formulaire, 9eme ed. p. 30. 
 
 Mixture of Brucia. 
 
 R. Brucia?, gr. vj. 
 
 Aqua? destillata?, f liv. 
 
 Sacchari, 3ij- 
 Fiat mistura. Dose half a tablespoonful night and morning. 
 This and the following preparation are used in paralysis and 
 the entire series of spasmodic affections. 
 
 Tincture of Brucia. 
 
 R. Brucia?, gr. xviij. 
 
 Alcoholis, f Sj. 
 Fiat tinctura. — From six to ten drops may be taken in a draught 
 of water. 
 
 Cod-Liver Oil ( Gadus Morrhud). 
 
 This preparation, which is now divested in a great measure 
 of its nauseous smell and taste, is given in closes of half an 
 ounce, three or four times a day. To children, a tcaspoonful. 
 It is of much service in all strumous affections, and in the 
 
ALTERATIVES. 187 
 
 chronic forms of gout and rheumatism. It may be taken alone, 
 or in milk ; most persons prefer taking it on the froth of porter. 
 Others swallow it in coffee, in lemon-juice, or with some of the 
 aromatic waters. 
 
 Dr. Bradshaw recommends a thin infusion of flaxseed, fla- 
 vored with lemon-peel, and sweetened to please the palate. He 
 says : " I pour a small quantity of infusion into a glass, on which 
 is added the oil, and again another small quantity of infusion 
 upon it. In this manner, the dose may be swallowed, and will 
 slip down without offending the palate, and generally is well 
 retained even by irritable stomachs." The same author says : 
 " Another mode has been successful when many have failed, and 
 will be found equally valuable : It is the yelk of an egg beat 
 up with boiling water and sugar, with which may be mixed a 
 dessertspoonful of brandy ; and on this the dose may be given 
 without producing that nausea so frequently experienced when 
 conveyed by other vehicles." 
 
 In the Editor's experience, the form of emulsion has proved 
 to be one of the least satisfactory modes of exhibiting this 
 article. He is in the habit of administering it in the pure state, 
 directing the patient to chew a piece of orange-peel before and 
 after each draught ; or, what is equally effectual, to rinse the 
 mouth, and gargle the throat with vinegar, before and after the 
 dose. 
 
 Mixture with God-Liver Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Morrhuas, f 5ss. 
 
 Liquoris Potassas, gtt. xl. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas, f 3ss. 
 Misce, et flat haustus. 
 
 The draught to be washed down with a teaspoonful of lemon- 
 juice to liberate the oil on the stomach. Dunglisojst, New Rem. 
 6th ed. p. 557. Peecival. 
 
 Mixture of Iodine and God- Liver Oil. 
 
 R. Iodinii, gr. jss. 
 
 Olei Morrhuas, f Iv. 
 Eub the iodine with a dram of the oil, and then carefully add 
 
 the remainder. 
 Signa. — Dose, a tablespoonful three times a day. 
 
 The quantity of iodine can be increased without materially 
 changing the appearance of the solution. FleischmanjST. 
 
188 ALTERATIVES. 
 
 Mixture with Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f3yj. 
 
 Spiritus Cinnamomi, 
 
 Syrupi, aa f^j. 
 Misce. — Dose, one or two large spoonfuls, twice or thrice a day. 
 In venereal cases. 
 
 Nitro-muriatic Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Nitrici, f 3ss. 
 
 ■ Muriatici, fjj. 
 
 Aquae, Oviij. 
 Misce, et adde — 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, fjj. vel. fjij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — From twenty drops to half a tea-spoonful 
 to be given every three hours, in a wineglass of sweetened 
 water. 
 
 These acids, in the same proportions, are also employed as a 
 bath in hepatic derangements. To accomplish this end, put a 
 teaspoonful of the compound acid into a quart of warm water, 
 and apply it to the region of the liver night and morning, by 
 means of a soft sponge. 
 
 Diluted Nitric Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Nitrici, fjss. vel fjj. 
 Aquae, Oij. 
 Sacchari, 3j. 
 Fiat mistura. — One-eighth of this quantity may be taken daily, 
 in divided doses. In lues venerea. 
 
 Ferriar, Med. Hist. 
 
 Mixture of Nitric Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Nitrici, f 3ss. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 
 
 Sacchari, aa 3iij. 
 
 Aquae, f Jviij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A small tablespoonful largely diluted, 
 and sweetened, pro re nata. 
 
 Nitric acid may be prescribed as a tonic in the above form, 
 or simply diluted with water. It is best taken through a quill, 
 as the teeth suffer, when it comes in contact with them. It 
 sometimes arrests the colliquative sweats of hectic fever when 
 other remedies fail. 
 
ALTERATIVES. 189 
 
 Artificial Harrow gate Water. 
 
 R. Potassse Sulphatis cum Sulphure, Ed. 3j. 
 
 Bitartratis, 3ss. 
 
 Magnesise Sulphatis, 3yj. 
 
 Aquas destillatse, Oij. 
 Solve. Signa. — One-half, taken in draughts, constitutes a dose. 
 
 The above ought to be taken in the morning before break- 
 fast, and be followed by a walk, to produce the desired effect. 
 
 Antacrid Tincture. 
 
 B. Pulveris Gnaiaci, Ej. 
 
 Terebinthinse Canadensis, Ij. 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, 9j. 
 Olei Sassafras, fjij. 
 Alcoholis, f^viij. 
 Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in one-half the spirit, and then 
 add to it the other ingredients. — Of this from ten to twenty 
 drops may be taken morning and evening, in wine or water, 
 
 This form of exhibiting corrosive sublimate is employed by 
 Dr. Emerson and other practitioners of this city, in lues vene- 
 rea, &c. 
 
CLASS XV. 
 
 ASTRINGENTS. - 
 
 Doctor Cullen describes astringents to be " such substances 
 as, applied to the human body, produce contraction and conden- 
 sation in the soft solids, and thereby increase their density and 
 force of cohesion." " And by the operation of this corrugating 
 power," adds Dr. Murray, " either directly exerted on a part, or 
 extended by sympathetic action, the morbid affections arising 
 from a state of relaxation are supposed to be removed." 
 
 In the use of this class of medicines a caution suggests itself; 
 namely, that they should not be given to arrest evacuations that 
 are critical, and designed by nature to relieve a plethoric state 
 of the system, unless such an evacuation exists to an alarming 
 extent. 
 
 POWDERS, PILLS, &c. 
 
 Compound Powder of Alum. 
 R. Aluminis, 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Kino, gr. v. 
 Fiant pulveres v. Signa. — One every two hours. In obstinate 
 diarrhoea. 
 
 This compound, though much employed by some practitioners, 
 contains substances which would be incompatible with each 
 other if given in solution. In menorrhagia, &c. 
 
 Powder of Sugar of Lead and Calomel. 
 
 B. ITydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. j. vel ij. 
 
 Plumbi Acetatis, gr. ss. ad gr. j. 
 Fiant pulveres iv. — One every three hours. In cholera infantum. 
 
 The above dose is adapted to any period between ten and 
 twenty months of age. Dr. T. D. Mitchell. 
 
ASTRINGENTS. 191 
 
 Powder of Sugar of Lead, Calomel, and Ipecacuanha. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, aa gr. ij. 
 
 Plumbi Acetatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres viij. 
 Signa. — Give one powder every three hours. 
 
 Used in cholera infantum. The Editor, from his connection 
 with a large charitable institution, has had repeated opportuni- 
 ties of testing the various astringent preparations employed in 
 this complaint, and he has found none to answer better than 
 this formula, either as it stands, or with the addition of twenty- 
 four grains of prepared chalk. The quantity of sugar of lead 
 appears large, but experience proves that it may be given, both 
 with safety and benefit, to a child from one to three years old. 
 
 D. F. Condie. 
 
 Powder with Alum and Opium. 
 
 R. Aluminis, 3ss. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. 
 Fiant pulveres vj. Signa. — One to be taken every three or four 
 hours. In diarrhoea. 
 
 Powders of Nitrate of Bismuth, &c. 
 
 R. Bismuthi Subnitratis, 3j- 
 
 Pulveris Acacise, 3ss. 
 
 Magnesia?, 9j. 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres xij. 
 Signa. — Give one powder every four or six hours. 
 
 Used in the diarrhoea of phthisis. T. Thomson. 
 
 Powders of Nitrate of Bismuth. 
 
 R. Bismuthi Subnitratis, gr. iij. — vj. 
 
 Sacchari, gr. x. 
 Fiant pulveres vj. 
 
 Signa. — Place a powder on the tongue of a child (one year old), 
 three or four times daily. 
 
 Used in the diarrhoea of children. 
 
 Kecamier, Trousseau. 
 
192 ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 Pills of Acetate of Lead and Calomel, 
 
 R. Plumbi Acetatis, £ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri CKLoridi Mitis, gr. v. 
 Confectionis Kosae, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae x. — One to be given every two, three, or four 
 hours, according to circumstances. In hemorrhage, and espe- 
 cially in hematemesis. 
 
 Pills of Sugar of Lead and Opium. 
 
 R. Plumbi Acetatis, 9j. 
 Opii, gr.j. 
 
 Misce, et divide in pilulas xij. — A pill to be taken every hour 
 at first, and then every two hours. This is Dr. Graves's pre- 
 scription for the treatment of cholera. 
 
 Pills of Sugar of Lead and Opium. 
 
 R. Plumbi Acetatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Pulveris Opii, gr. vj. 
 
 Confectionis Kosae, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulas vj. dividenda. 
 One to be taken for a dose, according to circumstances. In 
 haemoptysis and other hemorrhages. 
 
 Pills of Alum, Catechu, &c. 
 
 R. Aluminis, gr. vj. 
 Extracti Opii, gr. j. 
 Catechu, gr. vj. 
 To be divided into six pills, one of which is to be given every 
 two, three, or four hours. In passive hemorrhage, and in 
 atonic mucous discharges. 
 
 Pills of Rhatany. 
 
 R. Extracti Kramer iae, 9j. 
 
 Pulveris Kino, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae viij. Signa. — A pill to be given every hour or 
 two hours. In the profluvia. 
 
 Pills of Creasote. 
 
 R. Creasoti, gtt. x. 
 
 Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, 
 
 Mucilaginis Acaciae, aa q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae xx. — Dose, a pill thrice in the day. In bron- 
 chitis, neuralgia, &c. 
 
ASTRINGENTS. 193 
 
 Pills of Kino, Opium, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Kino, gr. xx. 
 
 Opii, gr. ij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acaciae, q. s. ut fiant pilules iv. 
 Of which take one every four hours. In diarrhoea, pyrosis, &c. 
 
 Mbnesia. 
 
 This substance is the product of a tree that grows in Chili, 
 but its botanical affinities are unknown. It is given in the form 
 of extract, twelve or twenty grains daily, divided into three- 
 grain pills. There is also a tincture of monesia, of which the 
 dose is f 3j. twice per diem. In leucorrhcea, diarrhoea, monor- 
 rhagia, &c. &c. 
 
 Tannin Pills. 
 
 R. Acidi Tannici, gr. viij. vel xij. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacia?, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae viij. One may be given every two or three 
 hours. In gonorrhoea, &c. 
 
 Pills of Tannin and Morphia. 
 
 R. Acidi Tannici, 9j. 
 
 Morphias Sulphatis, gr. j. 
 Mucilaginis Acacise, q. s. 
 Ut fiant pilulae x. 
 
 One to be given every two or three hours. Blue mass may be 
 added according to circumstances. In diarrhoea and dysen- 
 tery. 
 
 Pills of Gallic Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Gallici, 9j. 
 
 Extracti Gentianae, gr. x. 
 Syrupi, q. s. 
 Fiat massa in pilulas x. dividenda. 
 
 Signa. — Give one pill every three hours. Used in haematuria, 
 and other hemorrhages. 
 
 Bolus with Alum and Extract of Bark. 
 
 R. Aluminis, 
 
 Extracti Cinchonas Kubrae, 
 1 Myristicae, aa 9ss. 
 Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat bolus. 
 To be given in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated 
 pro re nata. 
 13 
 
194 ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 MIXTUEBS, INFUSIONS, &o. 
 
 Infusion of Matico. 
 R. Matico concisi, 3j. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oj. 
 Macera per horas duas et cola. 
 Signa. — Take a wineglassful every two or three hours. 
 
 This has been used to check the discharge in haemoptysis, 
 haematemesis, and dysentery. 
 
 ParrlshUs Camphor Mixture. 
 
 R. Aquae Camphorae, f^iij. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f 3j. 
 Sacchari, Jj. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give a tablespoonful every two hours in 
 diarrhoea and cholera morbus, adding ten drops of laudanum 
 when there is much pain. Jos. Parrish. 
 
 Camphor, Laudanum, and Nitric Acid, or Hope's Mixture. 
 
 R. Aquae Camphor ae, f Jiv. 
 
 Acidi Mtrici, gtt. iv. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl. vel lx. 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diar- 
 rhoea and dysentery. 
 
 This is a well known and very efficacious preparation ana- 
 logous to Hope's mixture. If the nitric acid is added in larger 
 proportion, it is liable to defeat the object of the prescription. 
 The original formula contained a fluidram of nitrous acid, 
 forty drops of laudanum, and eight fluidounces of camphor 
 water, and was given in doses of two fluidounces every three 
 hours. Hope. 
 
 Chalk Mixture. 
 R. Cretae Praeparatae, 3iss. 
 Sacchari, 
 Acaciae, aa 3j. 
 Aquae destillatae, f 5iv. 
 Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. ij. 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl. vel lx. 
 Mi see. — Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea 
 and dysentery. 
 
 When a strongly astringent chalk mixture is desirable, we 
 add to the above formula Tinct. Kino, f3ij. or the same quantity 
 of tincture of krameria, catechu, or nutgalls. 
 
ASTRINGENTS. 195 
 
 Jackson's Mixture. 
 
 R. Spiritiis Lavandulae Compositi, 
 Tincturae Camphor as, aa fiss. 
 
 Spiritiis iEtheris Compositi, aa f3ij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Give twenty drops at short intervals, in cholera 
 morbus, and the early stages of cholera, to allay nausea and 
 relieve pain. S. Jackson. 
 
 Although this preparation is not strictly astringent, yet it 
 may be classed with great propriety with Hope's and Parrish's 
 mixtures. 
 
 Infusion of Galls. 
 
 B. Gallas contusae, 3ij. 
 Aquas bullientis, f^x. 
 
 Infuse for four hours, and strain. — To be taken in doses of a 
 tablespoonful every hour or two hours. In diarrhoea. It 
 may be rendered more agreeable by the addition of some 
 aromatic. 
 
 Infusion of Galls and Chalk. 
 
 R. Acacias, Jj. 
 
 Cretas Prasparatas, 3ij. vel fss. 
 
 Infusi Gallse, f siv. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, f 3ss. 
 Piat mistura. — Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diar- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Infusion of Logwood. 
 
 R. Hasmatoxyli concisi, gss. 
 Aquas bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Infuse for two or three hours, and strain. Of this a table- 
 spoonful is given to a child every two or three hours. In 
 cholera and diarrhoea. 
 
 Mixture of Extract of Logwood, &c. 
 
 R. Extract! Hasmatoxyli, 5iij. 
 Tincturae Catechu, f5ij. 
 Aquas, flvij. 
 Misce. Signa. — Two tablespoonfuls to be given once in three 
 or four hours. In the advanced stages of diarrhoea and 
 dysentery. 
 
196 ASTRINGENTS. 
 
 Mixture with Extract of Barh and Alum. 
 
 R. Extracti Cinchona? Rubrae, 3ss. vel Jj. 
 
 Aluminis, 9ij. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f^iij. 
 
 Syrupi, f^j. 
 Misce. Signa. — Two teaspoonfuls every two hours. In low 
 diseases accompanied with hemorrhage. 
 
 Mixture with Tincture of Catechu, &c. 
 
 R. Tincturae Catechu, flj. 
 
 Opii, gtt. lx. 
 
 Acacias, 5ij- 
 
 Aquas Cinnamomi, f^vj. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours. In diar- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Greasote Mixture. 
 R. Creasoti, gtt. vj. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acacias, f^iv. 
 Sacchari, 5j- 
 Fiat mistura. — Dose, a tablespoonful diluted, every two or three 
 hours. In hemorrhages. 
 
 Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. 
 
 R. Creasoti, gtt. j. 
 
 Alcoholis, gtt. xvj. 
 Misce. — A drop or two of this solution dropped into the cavity 
 of an aching tooth, is said to afford immediate relief. 
 
 Marinus. 
 
 Electuary of Catechu and Opium. 
 
 R. Electuarii Catechu, Ed. 3j. 
 
 Suited to cases of diarrhoea, in teaspoonful doses. Ten scruples 
 contain one grain of opium. 
 
 Alum Whey. 
 
 R. Lactis Vaccinae bullientis, Oj. 
 
 Pulveris Aluminis, 3ij- 
 Boil them until the coagulum separates, and strain. A cupful 
 to be taken occasionally. In diabetes, &c. 
 
 Peruvian Barh with Lime-iuater. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cinchonas Rubra), sss. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, fsviij. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours, or oftcner if 
 necessary. In diarrhoea and monorrhagia. 
 
ASTRINGENTS. 197 
 
 Sirup of Galls, Brandy, &c. 
 
 B. Grallae contusae, Jij. 
 
 Spiritiis Yini Grallici, fSviij. 
 Mix. — Burn out the spirit ; then add — 
 Corticis Cinnamomi, 
 Macis, aa 5ij- 
 While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy 
 until a sirup is formed. Decant the pure sirup. Dose, a 
 tablespoonful every two hours. In chronic and obstinate 
 diarrhoea. Jos. Parrish. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Copper, &c. 
 
 B. Cupri Snlphatis, gr. iij. 
 Acidi Sulphurici, gtt. x. 
 Aquae destillatae, §j. velffij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — From twenty to forty drops to be given 
 every one or two hours in sirup, pro re nata. In menor- 
 rhagia. 
 
 Mixture of Extract of Rhatany, &c. 
 
 B. Extracti Kramer iae, Jj. 
 
 Syrupi Papaveris, Lond. 
 
 Aquae Kosae, aa fsij. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — A teaspoonful for a dose, pro re nata. 
 In passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. 
 
 M. FOUQTJIER. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Lead. 
 
 B. Plumbi Acetatis, gr. v. 
 Aceti. gtt. v. 
 Sacchari, 3j. 
 Aquae, f|j. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — Give a teaspoonful to a child every 
 hour or two, to allay the vomiting in cholera infantum. 
 
 D. F. Condie. 
 
 Enema of Acetate of Lead, &c. 
 
 B. Plumbi Acetatis, 9j. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, gtt. Ix. 
 
 Aquae tepidae, f %\]. 
 Fiat solutio. — To be thrown up the rectum in uterine hemor- 
 rhage. Dewees's Syst. of Mid. p. 420. 
 
CLASS XVI 
 
 ABSORBENTS, OR ANTACIDS. 
 
 Absoebents or Antacids form a class of remedies for correct- 
 ing acidity in the stomach and bowels. As a general rule they 
 should be preceded by an emetic or cathartic, or both. When 
 a permanent effect is desired, they are usually combined with 
 tonics, aromatics, and sometimes with narcotics. When given 
 alone, they too frequently afford but transient relief. 
 
 POWDERS AND PILLS. 
 
 Compound Cretaceous Powder with Opium. 
 
 B. Cretse Praeparatae, 3iss. 
 
 Pulveris Cinnamomi, 3j- 
 
 Piperis Longi, gr. viij. 
 
 Opii, gr. yj. 
 
 Divide in chartulas xij. — One three or four times a day. In 
 diarrhoea. 
 
 The above formula, with a slight alteration, is from the 
 London Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Powder with CraVs Claws and Rhubarb. 
 
 R. Chel as Cancrorum, 3j. 
 
 Pulveris Rhei, 9ij. 
 Misce, et divide in pulveres iv. — Of which one may be taken 
 
 once or twice a day, according to circumstances. In acidity 
 
 of the primaa via3. 
 
 This preparation is called by the several names of crab's 
 claws, eyes, and stones. It is a carbonate of lime united with 
 some animal gelatine, which, like prepared oyster-shells, has 
 little or no superiority over the prepared chalk. 
 
ABSORBENTS, OR ANTACIDS. 199 
 
 Powder with Magnesia, Fennel-seed, &c. 
 
 B. Magnesias, -fss. 
 
 Pulveris Fosniculi, 
 
 Cinnamomi, aa 5j- 
 
 Fiat pulvis. — Dose, a small teaspoonful three or four times a 
 day. 
 
 Poivder with Soda, Magnesia, &c. 
 
 B. Magnesiae, Iss. 
 
 Sodas Bicarbonatis, 
 
 Pulveris Zingiber is, aa 9j. 
 Misce. Signa. — A small teaspoonful occasionally. In cardi- 
 algia. 
 
 Poivder with Magnesia and Colombo. 
 
 B. Magnesias, 3jss. 
 
 Pulveris Colombas, Jj. 
 Misce. — Divide in chartulas vj. — Of which one may be taken 
 three times a day, in sugar and water. In cardialgia. 
 
 Pills of Soda, Rhubarb, &c. 
 B. Pulveris Ehei, 
 
 Sodas Carbonatis exsiccatas, 
 
 Extracti Gentianas, aa 9j. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. iij. 
 Fiant pilulas xx. Signa. — Two occasionally. In dyspepsia. 
 
 MIXTURES, SOLUTIONS, &o. 
 
 Chalk Mixture. 
 
 B. Cretas Prasparatas, 3iss. vel £rj. 
 Sacchari, 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, aa 3j. 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas, flvj. 
 Piat mistura. — A tablespoonful for a dose every two hours. 
 When administered in diarrhoea, astringents and laudanum 
 are added. 
 
 Solution of Salt of Tartar. 
 
 B. Potassas Carbonatis, 3j. 
 
 Sacchari, Jj. 
 
 Aquas Menthas Piperitas, f £iv. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f Jij. 
 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every hour or two hours. In 
 sickness of the stomach occasioned by acidity. 
 
200 ABSOEBENTS, OR ANTACIDS. 
 
 The opium in the above prescription may be omitted at the 
 discretion of the practitioner. 
 
 Mixture of Salt of Tartar, Ammonia, Sc. 
 
 R. Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, f Jj. 
 
 Potassas Carbonatis, Jij. 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, f |iv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A large teaspoonful for a dose pro re nata. In 
 pyrosis. 
 
 Lime-water and Milk, 
 
 R. Liquor is Calcis, 
 
 Lactis recentis, aa f ^iij. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — One or two tablespoonfuls for a dose. In sick- 
 ness of the stomach few remedies are more prompt in their 
 effect. An antacid remedy admirably adapted to children, is 
 prepared by pouring four ounces of boiling- water on a heaped 
 teaspoonful of calcined magnesia, and giving a dessertspoon- 
 ful of the clear solution every hour or two. It is highly 
 aperient. 
 
 Mixture with Ammonia, Magnesia, &c. 
 R. Magnesias, 3j. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, fjj. 
 
 Cinnamomi, Lond. f 3iij. 
 
 Aquas, fsvj. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two hours. In the 
 sickness accompanying pregnancy. 
 
 Mixture of Magnesia, Camphor, &e. 
 R. Magnesias, 3j- 
 Camphoras, 5ss. 
 Sacchari, 
 Acacias, aa Jij. 
 iEtheris, f Jss. 
 Aquas destillatas, f liv. 
 Misce. Signa. — A tablespoonful for a dose four or five times 
 a day. In flatulency and irritable stomach. 
 
 Mixture of Colombo, &c. 
 R. Colombas, 3ss. 
 
 Coque in Aquas, f 3viij. ad f 3 v. 
 Cola et adde — 
 
 Potassas Carbonatis, 9ss. 
 Succi Limonis, f3iij- 
 Tincturas Opii, gtt. xij. 
 Misce. — Prom a tea to a tablespoonful may be given every 
 hour. Anti-emetic. 
 
201 
 
 A hot infusion of bruised Colombo, is preferable to the above 
 decoction, inasmuch as it contains all the virtues of the root, 
 without the starch. Editok. 
 
 Anti-emetic Mixture. 
 
 R. Tincturas Aurantii, Lond. f Jss. 
 Aloes, 
 
 Castor ei, aa f 3j. 
 
 Misce. Signa. — Dose, from forty to fifty drops three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 In continued or chronic vomiting, occasioned by atony or 
 spasm of the stomach, the above is strongly recommended by 
 Hufeland in his Treatise on Scrofula. 
 
 Mixture with Carbonate of Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Sodas Carbonatis, 9iv. 
 
 Infusi Grentiange Composite, 
 
 Aquae Cinnamomi, aa f ^iij. 
 
 Tincturae Cardamomi, f 3ss. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — A tablespoonful every two or three 
 hours. In acidity, flatulence of the stomach, &c. 
 
 Dyspeptic Lye. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Hickory ashes, . ... . . .1 quart, 
 
 Soot, 6 ounces. 
 
 Boiling water 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix, and let them stand for twenty -four hours, frequently stir- 
 ring the ingredients. A teacupful may be given of this 
 liquor (decanted), three times a day. It should be decanted 
 always at the end of twenty -four hours, for, by standing on 
 the materials a long time, the water acquires caustic proper- 
 ties, and may do serious injury. 
 
 This domestic remedy we have thought best to give, as we 
 received it, in the English language. It deserves an insertion, 
 from the circumstance that it was employed by the late Dr. 
 Physick in his own case, and was of decided advantage when 
 the usual alkaline remedies had failed. 
 
BOOK II. 
 
 OF 
 
 EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS 
 
CLASS XVII. 
 
 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. 
 
 Caustics or cauteries are divided into the actual and poten- 
 tial. The first consists of fire itself; and the second, of those 
 substances which destroy the living solids, either by excessive 
 stimulation, or, as some suppose, by producing a chemical 
 decomposition. 
 
 Firing. 
 
 A modified form of the actual cautery has attracted some 
 attention in Europe, from its great efficacy in the relief of 
 neuralgic and other pains, paralysis, sciatica, and chronic rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Dr. Corrigan uses a simple instrument, consisting of a thick 
 iron wire shank, two inches long, inserted in a small wooden 
 handle, and having on its extremity, which is slightly curved, 
 a button of iron a quarter of an inch thick, and half an inch 
 in diameter, the whole instrument being only six inches long. 
 The face of the button for application is quite flat. If the in- 
 strument be larger than this, it will require too much time to 
 heat it ; if smaller, it will not retain the heat a sufficient length 
 of time. In using the instrument, it is necessary to hold the 
 button over the flame of a spirit-lamp, keeping the forefinger, 
 which holds the wire, at the distance of half an inch from the 
 button. As soon as the finger feels uncomfortably hot, the in- 
 strument is ready for use. It is applied as quickly as possible, 
 the skin being tipped successively, at intervals of half an inch, 
 over the whole affected part, as lightly and rapidly as possible, 
 always taking care to bring the flat surface of the button fairly 
 in contact with the skin. In this way, the process of firing a 
 whole limb, or the loins, making about one hundred applica- 
 tions, does not occupy a minute. You can ascertain at once 
 whether the heat be sufficient. If you look sideways at the 
 spots as you touch them, you will observe that each spot the 
 
206 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. 
 
 iron has touched immediately becomes of a glistening white. 
 The iron is never redhot, and does not make an eschar. — 
 Braithwaite's Retrospect, No. 13, p. 55. 
 
 The use of the actual cautery as a caustic, extends back to 
 the most ancient times, but the particular modes of its applica- 
 tion belong more properly to the professed treatises on surgery 
 than to a work of this kind. 
 
 Caustic Potash. 
 
 The causticum commune acerrimum is the pure potash ; when 
 mixed with lime, its activity is lessened, and it is then called 
 Causticum commune mitius. For the best mode of applying 
 this substance, see the remarks on Issues. As this caustic 
 spreads rapidly and eats deeply, care should be taken not to 
 leave it on too long, when in the neighborhood of large blood- 
 vessels. When, however, we wish to arrest its effects, they 
 may be neutralized at once by vinegar, or vinegar and water. 
 
 Common Caustic with Opium, 
 
 Be. Potasses cum Calce, 3ij- 
 
 Pulveris Opii, 3ss. 
 
 Saponis Mollis, q. s. 
 Misce. — This preparation is employed for the same purpose as 
 the common caustic. 
 
 Vienna Paste. 
 R. Potassae, 3 v. 
 
 Calcis, 5yj- 
 
 Alcoholis, q. s. 
 Ut fiat magma. 
 
 The paste is spread on the part to be cauterized, and is al- 
 lowed to remain for ten or fifteen minutes, while the surround- 
 ing skin is protected by adhesive plaster. 
 
 Lunar ' Caustic. 
 
 This caustic is the Argenti Nitras deprived of its water of crys- 
 tallization, fused and cast into moulds. Its mode of application 
 is universally known. It is free from the inconvenience of the 
 former. 
 
 Burnt Alum. 
 
 The Alumen Ustum is made by depriving this salt of its^ 
 prater of crystallization by heat. It is applied in powder to 
 the fungous granulation of ulcers ; and, mixed with an equal 
 part of powdered sugar, is used to remove specks or nebulae of 
 the cornea. 
 
CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAEOTICS. 207 
 
 Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 This is a powerful escharotic, and is safe and certain in cases 
 that require the destruction of a considerable thickness of the 
 living tissues; "never causing violent pain in the affected parts, 
 or any kind of irritative fever, or disorder of the digestive 
 organs." 
 
 " The chloride of zinc may be applied as a caustic by means 
 of a moistened hair pencil, either alone or mixed with an equal 
 portion of oxide of zinc, or sulphate of lime, or according to the 
 following form : — 
 
 Canquoinh Caustic Paste. 
 
 R. Zinci Chloridi, partem, j. 
 
 Farinas, partem, jss. 
 
 Antimonii Ter chloridi, partem, ss. 
 
 Aquas, q. s. 
 Ut flat pasta." Duxg-lison's New Remedies, 6th ed. p. 694. 
 
 Caustic Paste of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Chloridi, 
 
 Calcis Sulphatis, aa Iss. 
 
 Misce. — This preparation is very liable to deliquescence, to pre- 
 vent which a little flour may be added at the time of apply- 
 ing it. 
 
 Mineral Acids. 
 
 The mineral acids are all escharotic, though seldom employed, 
 on account of the difficulty of managing fluids when used in 
 this way. Nitric acid, much diluted, is sometimes applied to 
 foul ulcers in warm weather, to destroy the animalcules which 
 are apt to be generated in such sores. 
 
 Acid Nitrate of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Pernitratis Liquoris, Dub. f Iss. 
 
 This is a powerful caustic, and is much employed in England 
 and on the Continent to destroy malignant ulcerations, par- 
 ticularly those of a cancerous character. It is applied by 
 means of a camel-hair pencil, and the parts are then covered 
 with lint. 
 
 White Oxide of Arsenic, or Arsenious Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Arseniosi, 9j. 
 
 Aquas, f ^ij. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
208 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAEOTICS. 
 
 This solution is occasionally applied to cancerous sores, and 
 was formerly used in a powder or paste as an empirical remedy. 
 But it is now seldom employed, from the circumstance . of its 
 producing constitutional irritation. Sir Astley Cooper men- 
 tions cases in which, from its absorption when applied to open 
 sores, partial if not complete paralysis of the limbs was the 
 consequence. 
 
 Ointment of Arsenic. 
 
 R. Acidi Arseniosi, 3j« 
 Adipis, 
 
 Cerati Cetacei, aa 3yj. 
 Melt the cerate and lard over a slow fire, and then pour it on 
 the white oxide of arsenic, and triturate it in a glass mortar 
 until it is intimately united. Pliarm. Chirurg. — For cancers, &c. 
 
 In hot weather, arsenic may be advantageously rubbed up 
 with basilicon, to prevent its spreading on the sound parts. A 
 scruple of the one to half an ounce of the other, makes a strong 
 ointment. 
 
 The same care is required in its use as in using the solution. 
 
 Dubois's Arsenical Powder. 
 
 R. Acidi Arseniosi, 5ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphured Kubri, Ij. 
 
 Sanguinis Draconis, 3ss. 
 Fiat pulvis. — Chiefly used in the French hospitals as a caustic 
 to cancerous affections. Katier. 
 
 Arsenic is sometimes applied in the form of a paste made 
 with water, which is carefully laid over the part to be removed, 
 and renewed according to circumstances. When the slough 
 forms, it should be dressed with a poultice, or with cerate spread 
 on lint. It acts rapidly and requires watching, a N remark that 
 applies equally to all these pastes. 
 
 Solution of Muriate of Ammonia^ &c. 
 
 R. Ammonias Muriatis, 3j. 
 
 Aceti destillati, f 3ij. 
 
 Aquas, f .liv. 
 Fiat solutio. — To be applied to venereal warts. 
 
 Bell on Venereal. 
 
 Chromic Acid. 
 
 This acid has lately been employed in Germany as an escha- 
 rotic. It is said to be efficient, manageable, and less painful 
 
ISSUES AND SETONS. 209 
 
 than the ordinary applications. A concentrated solution is 
 applied by means of a glass rod. The solid chromic acid has to 
 be used with care, on account of its penetrating action. 
 
 Moxa. 
 
 This is another method of using the actual cautery; and, as it 
 is engaging the attention of physicians, we insert the usual mode 
 of applying it. The Chinese employ this remedy by means of 
 the mugwort. They separate this soft, lanuginous substance by 
 beating, and form it into a cone ; the base of this is attached, 
 by being wetted, to the skin, and the point set on fire. 
 
 Dr. Boyle recommends dipping cotton in a strong solution of 
 nitrate of potash, and inclosing pieces of it thoroughly dried in 
 paper cylinders, about one inch in diameter, and another inch 
 in height. Dr. Burne employs wood in a state of dry rot, 
 touchwood. This only requires to be shaped properly, and 
 burns, he says, with certainty and steadiness, and is preferable 
 to the other modes suggested ; some of which, as common cotton 
 or lint, requiring the use of the bellows, and, when they have 
 been dipped in nitre, demanding care to prevent the scintilla- 
 tions from injuring the surrounding parts. 
 
 The cylinders or cones of touchwood may be confined to the 
 skin by a little adhesive plaster fixed to the edges. 
 
 It has been proposed to place pieces of cold iron in the neigh- 
 borhood of the part while the moxa is burning, in order to 
 render the sensations more vague, and therefore less painful. 
 
 Moxa is used in diseases of the spine, paralysis, &c. &c. 
 
 Sub-Class.— ISSUES AND SETONS. 
 
 These remedies are employed as substitutes for blisters, espe- 
 cially when a permanent discharge is desired. 
 
 There are three kinds of issues in common use, by either of 
 which we may procure a discharge of purulent matter for any 
 length of time that may be requisite. They are applied in dif- 
 ferent situations, according to circumstances, and some one of 
 the following parts is generally chosen : the nape of the neck ; 
 the hollow of the deltoid muscle, and between the shoulders or 
 over the ribs in front. In the inferior extremities they are most 
 conveniently formed in the inside of the leg, either above or 
 below the knee. 
 
 u 
 
210 ISSUES AND SETONS. 
 
 1. Blister Issue. 
 
 To form this issue, it is merely necessary to apply a blister 
 to any part in the usual manner ; the skin being thus removed, 
 the discharge must be promoted by means of stimulating 
 ointments, as unguentum cantharidis, ceratum resinae, ung. 
 sabinae, etc. These may be alternated with mild liniments, 
 in order to prevent the ulceration and consequent discharge 
 from becoming excessive. 
 
 2. The Pea Issue. 
 
 There are two modes of forming this issue ; the first is made 
 by means of a lancet ; the part is merely taken in the thumb and 
 finger, and an incision made by passing the lancet through 
 the skin. The wound should be kept open by means of orange 
 peas, the common pea, a bean, or a bit of orris root 
 
 The second is formed with caustic potash. 
 
 The following extracts from the Surgeon's Vade Mecum will 
 exemplify the manner of forming the issue with caustic : — 
 
 "The part is first to be covered with a piece of adhesive 
 plaster, in the centre of which a circular hole has been cut of 
 the size of the intended issue ; in this hole the caustic kali pur urn, 
 made into a paste with soap, is to be placed. The whole is then 
 to be covered with another plaster, secured by a bandage, and 
 suffered to remain for ten or twelve hours. Generally, in two or 
 three days an eschar begins to separate, when the opening should 
 be filled with the substance made choice of." These substances 
 are enumerated above. 
 
 3. TheSeton. 
 
 To form this artificial discharge, take the seton needle, to 
 which is attached a skein of silk, the latter being partially 
 anointed with some oleaginous substance. The needle is to be 
 passed completely through the part chosen for the operation, 
 after which it is removed, and the ends of the silk left hanging 
 from the wound. It should be dressed every day, or twice a 
 day, with some mild ointment ; and if this be not sufficient to 
 keep up the discharge, the more stimulating unguents may be 
 used, as mentioned when speaking of the blister issue. 
 
CLASS XVIII. 
 
 EPISPASTICS. 
 
 " By the ancients, all the external applications which redden 
 or inflame the skin were called Epispastics, and these were 
 designated according to the several degrees of effect : the 
 slightest, entitled phoenigmoi ; the next, sinopismi ; the more 
 active, vesicatorii ; and the strongest, caustici" 
 
 At the present day, the term is restricted to those articles 
 which produce a serous discharge beneath the cuticle. The 
 blister of common language. 
 
 As a general rule, blisters should remain on the patient six 
 or ei^ht hours, in order to insure their full effect. There are 
 individuals, however, whose skins are so delicate, that a shorter 
 application will answer every purpose ; in children, it is seldom 
 necessary to leave them on longer than three or four hours. 
 When they are applied to the scalp, twelve hours are almost 
 universally required ; and Dr. Chapman directs the hair to be 
 shaved, if possible, some hours before the application is made. 
 
 The usual dressing, when a blister is taken off, is basilicon 
 ointment, or simple cerate, according to the urgency of the 
 case, or irritability of the system. In order to keep it open, 
 the weak epispastic, or savin ointment, will be found sufficient. 
 
 In acute disease, these remedies ought never to precede those 
 means which have a tendency to reduce inflammatory action. 
 It is generally admitted that, otherwise employed, they do harm ; 
 although there are individuals of acknowledged experience who 
 say " they can bring the patient to the blistering point at pleas- 
 ure," and in pleurisy, and some other acute diseases, apply them 
 soon after a free bleeding. Blisters should be placed as near 
 the affected part as possible. In fevers, they are usually put 
 on the inside of the forearms or legs, back of the neck, or be- 
 tween the shoulders. 
 
 When the system is very prostrate, they should be applied 
 
212 EPISPASTICS. 
 
 to the inside of the thighs, or the last two places mentioned ; 
 for, when the circulation is languid in the extremities, they 
 seldom draw well, and are even liable to produce gangrene by 
 exhausting the little vitality that remains. 
 
 When, from peculiarity of constitution, strangury is produced, 
 we must take them off after three or four hours, and bathe the 
 part with sweet oil, or apply a poultice, giving at the same time 
 diluent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or barley water, with the 
 sweet spirits of nitre ; camphor or parsley tea ; bladders also, 
 half filled with warm water, should be applied to the pubes. 
 An opium suppository or injection will be found very advan- 
 tageous. A poultice of ground flaxseed or starch is often ser- 
 viceable, and a warm bath affords a prompt relief. Prevention, 
 however, is better than cure ; and in irritable constitutions, or 
 in persons disposed to strangury, the blistering ointment, before 
 being spread, should be rubbed up with three or four grains of 
 opium, and three or four times as much camphor, before it is 
 spread. This preventive seldom fails. Blisters are rendered 
 much less irritating by covering them with a fine gauze, which, 
 if it be pressed in close contact with the plaster, will not pre- 
 vent or materially retard its operation. It is seldom necessary 
 to keep a blister on longer than to redden the skin, when a sim- 
 ple poultice will complete the vesication. In children, this pre- 
 caution is imperative. 
 
 Blistering Cerate. 
 
 R. Cerati Cantharidis, q. s. 
 
 Ut fiat emplastrum epispasticum, Qx6. 
 
 Ejpispastic Ointment. 
 
 R. Cerse flavse, 
 
 Resinae, 
 
 Adipis, aa 3vj. 
 Melt over a slow fire, and add slowly— 
 
 Pulveris Cantharidis 5vijss. 
 Miscc, et fiat unguentum. 
 
 In employing this ointment, or the preceding cerate, the 
 margin of the blister should be covered with adhesive plaster, 
 in order to confine it to its place, and prevent its creating un- 
 necessary irritation. Another mode is to draw straps across it 
 diagonally, which plan we generally prefer ; it prevents the 
 blister from rising in the middle, and thereby partially defeat- 
 ing its object. 
 
EPISPASTICS. 213 
 
 Instantaneous Vesication. 
 
 The French practitioners have a process for raising an instant 
 blister. A piece of linen or paper, being cut to the requisite 
 size, is immersed in spirits of wine or brandy, or even Cologne 
 water, oil of turpentine, or spirits of camphor, whichever is 
 most readily obtained. It is then laid on the part to be blis- 
 tered, taking care that the moisture does not wet the surround- 
 ing surface. The flame of a lighted taper is then applied quickly 
 over the surface of the paper so as to cause ignition, which is 
 almost instantaneous. At the conclusion of this operation, the 
 cuticle is found detached and raised from the true skin beneath. 
 
 Cantharidin. 
 
 This substance, more or less impure, has been used during 
 the last few years, as a substitute for the common blistering 
 cerate. The pure cantharidin is too expensive for general use, 
 but an impure article, sufficiently concentrated for ordinary 
 purposes, can be readily obtained. The cantharidin blistering 
 tissues, and vesicating taffetas, now offered for sale, are of this 
 character : — 
 
 Ether Caniharidalis, or Green Oil of Flies. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cantharidis, partem unam. 
 
 iEtheris, partes duas. 
 Digere per dies tres et exprime. 
 
 If this extract be applied twice without any admixture, by 
 means of a hair pencil, it produces, in children, free vesication 
 in an hour or two ; and if applied three times in an adult, the 
 same effect takes place in three or four hours. The ether eva- 
 porates, and the remaining green fixed oil operates like the 
 cantharides in substance. Oettinger. 
 
 Colhdium Vesicans. 
 
 R. iEtheris Cantharidalis (prepared as above), 
 
 Collodii, partes aequales. 
 Misce. 
 
 It is computed that two scruples of this collodium are equal 
 to four drams of common blistering plaster. It is applied by a 
 brush two or three times over the affected part. 
 
 Oettinger. 
 
214 EPISPASTICS. 
 
 Extract of Cantharides. 
 
 During the past winter (1853), a simple aqueous extract of 
 Spanish Flies, prepared bj Professor Procter, was used exten- 
 sively in the Pennsylvania Hospital, and found to be a most 
 efficient substitute for the blistering cerate. The application of 
 it for six hours raised as free a blister as the cerate did in 
 eight. 
 
 Since the discovery, by the same gentleman, that cantharidin 
 is soluble in oil, oleaginous extracts have been devised, thus 
 proving the general correctness of Galen's plan of preparing 
 an ointment by macerating the entire insect in melted lard for 
 twenty -four hours, and then straining by expression. An olea- 
 ginous extract, prepared by digesting the powdered flies in 
 melted lard, is a most efficient substitute for the officinal cerate. 
 
CLASS XIX. 
 
 RUBEFACIENTS. 
 
 The substances called Rubefacients not unfrequently vesicate 
 on very delicate skins. The term, therefore, is relative. They 
 are employed for the same purpose as blisters, and are often 
 good substitutes for them. 
 
 Mustard Plaster. 
 R. Pulveris Sinapis, §ij. 
 
 Aquae tepidse, q. s. 
 Ut flat cataplasma. 
 
 It is a very general practice to use vinegar in making this 
 plaster, but if the mustard be pure, the chemical reactions, on 
 which the irritant properties chiefly depend, are better developed 
 with water than vinegar. In fact, a high heat, or the use of a 
 strong acid solution materially checks the process. 
 
 The uses of the mustard poultice are too well known to re- 
 quire description. It is frequently made by adding an equal 
 quantity of wheat or rye flour ; this should always be done for 
 children, or other persons of delicate skins. It cannot generally 
 be borne longer than a half hour or hour. 
 
 Garlic Cataplasm. 
 
 The garlic cataplasm is employed with the same intention as 
 the mustard, though much less active. It may be made by bruis- 
 ing the cloves of garlic, and mixing them in a common poultice 
 of bread and milk. Onions may be substituted for garlic. 
 
 Cataplasm of Mustard, Pepper, &v. 
 
 B. Seminum Sinapis contus. Ibss. 
 
 Pulveris Piperis Mgri, 
 
 Zingiber is, aa 3j. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, q. s. ut flat cataplasma. 
 To be applied to the region of the stomach in severe pain or 
 sickness ; or to the soles of the feet when revulsion is required. 
 
216 KUBEFACIENTS. 
 
 Spice Plaster. 
 
 R. Pulveris Caryophylli, 
 
 Cinnamomi, 
 
 Capsici, aa 3ss. 
 
 Misce, et adde — ■ 
 
 Farinae, 
 
 Spiritus Yini Gallici, aa q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. 
 Let the plaster, thus prepared, be applied hot to the epigastric 
 region. 
 
 Clove Plaster. 
 
 Quilt some powdered cloves in flannel, and wring them out 
 in hot brandy. Thus prepared, they form an excellent external 
 application in colic, and in irritability of the stomach, &c. 
 
 Warm Strengthening Plaster. 
 
 R. Picis Burgundicae, ^v. 
 
 Unguenti Cantharidis, 3j. 
 Mat emplastrum secundem artem. — This plaster is very irritat- 
 ing, and sometimes draws a blister. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment, Camphor, &c. 
 
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, Sj. 
 
 Olei Terebinthinae, 
 
 Camphoras, aa 3ij. 
 
 Cerati Simplicis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum secundum artem. Used as a rubefacient over 
 the hypochondriac region, when blisters are precluded. 
 
 Tartar-emetic Plaster. 
 
 This may be made by sprinkling the powdered Tartrate of 
 Antimony and Potash on the surface of a Burgundy pitch or 
 adhesive plaster, or on one made by spreading basilicon, or 
 simple ointment, on leather or linen. In either way the margin 
 should be left clean. 
 
 Tartar emetic requires a longer time to produce its effect 
 than the ordinary blister ; the irritation is of a peculiar and 
 very painful kind, and its effects must be watched with extreme 
 care. 
 
 Tartar-emetic Ointment. 
 
 R. Antimonii ct Potassae Tartratis, 3j. 
 Adipis, Sj. 
 
 Miscc secundum artem. 
 
RUBEFACIENTS. 217 
 
 This ointment, when applied to the skin, is a slow but certain 
 means of exciting an eruption. We have given the formula of 
 Dr. Hannay, of Glasgow, in Scotland. The officinal formula is 
 two drams to the ounce, a better strength for ordinary pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Tartar -emetic and Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, 3j. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. v. 
 
 Aquae, f 5J. 
 
 Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi, f Jj. 
 Solve sales in aqua, dein adde spiritum. 
 
 This solution is applied by wetting the ringers with it, and 
 rubbing it on the part. The rubbing should be continued for 
 five or ten minutes, and after some hours a pustular eruption 
 will appear. — Dr. Hannay's essay, De Tartratis Antimonii usu 
 externo, p. 26. 
 
 It has been used in pertussis, dyspnoea, catarrh, &c, and in 
 the removal of incipient tumors. 
 
 It has been ascertained by the illustrious Jenner and others, 
 that tartar emetic, employed for an undue length of time exter- 
 nally, will produce violent effects on the system. 
 
 We find in a note in Beck's Medical Jurisprudence, vol. ii. p. 
 283, that Dr. Francis mentions two cases wherein tartar-emetic 
 ointment, excessively used, produced effects similar to those at 
 times arising from the outward application of arsenic. Ma- 
 gendie and Brodie ascertained by experiments upon animals, 
 that inserted into wounds its effects resemble those produced 
 by internal exhibition. 
 
 Granville's Antidynous Lotions. 
 
 These preparations act with great celerity, and are now in 
 common use. They are formed of three ingredients, mixed in 
 certain proportions, according to the urgency of the case. 
 
 Yiz. 1. Of a saturated solution of ammonia; 2. Of the spirits 
 of rosemary ; and 3. Of spirits of camphor. 
 
 1. The milder Ammoniated Lotion. 
 
 B. Liquoris Ammoniae fortioris, f 3j. 
 
 Spiritus Eosmarini, f 3yj. 
 
 Tincturae Camphor ae, f 3ij. 
 Misce. 
 
218 RUBEFACIENTS. 
 
 The stronger Ammoniated Lotion. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammonias fortioris, f 3x. 
 
 Spiritiis Kosmarini, f 3iv. 
 
 Tincturas Camphorae, f 3ij. 
 Misce. 
 
 The only point in which these formulas differ from the origi- 
 nal ones by Dr. -Granville is in the preparation of the spirit of 
 rosemary. Our pharmacopoeia directs the oil of rosemary to be 
 dissolved in alcohol. " Dr. Granville had it prepared by taking 
 two lbs. of the tips or small leaves of fresh rosemary, and eight 
 pints of alcohol, which are infused together for twenty -four 
 hours in a covered vessel, and after adding as much water as 
 will first prevent the empyreumatic smell, distil over seven 
 pints." 
 
 As to the method of applying these counter-irritants, we shall 
 use the words of their inventor, Dr. Granville. " First, impreg- 
 nate with the colorless and transparent liquid, either a piece of 
 linen folded six or seven times to the size of the part intended 
 to be covered, or a piece of thick and coarse flannel ; and, sec- 
 ondly, lay either of them on the spot, pressing with the hand 
 at the same time, very steadily and firmly, the said linen or 
 flannel, over which there should be placed a thick towel, doubled 
 several times, so that not only the evaporation of the lotion may 
 be impeded, but the hand employed in pressing the application 
 to the part may not suffer damage from any evaporation, or 
 from contact with the liquid. In some parts of the body more 
 convenient than the others, the readiest and most effectual mode 
 of pressing down the application is, by tying over it a towel or 
 thick bandage ; but to this mode there is the objection that we 
 cannot, under certain circumstances, infect the part as quickly 
 and as often as required, so as to judge, from the effect of the 
 application, when to stop, or how long to persevere in using it." 2 
 
 When applied to the temples, forehead, jaws, or chin, great 
 care must be taken to prevent the effluvia from affecting the 
 eyes and nostrils. The skin should be examined in a minute 
 or two after the application, in order to see the effect produced. 
 When the pain is severe after the lotion is removed, simple di- 
 luent washes, and warm water, which is perhaps the best, will 
 speedily allay it. Vesication will generally take place in from 
 two to five minutes, and even in a minute in some persons ; but 
 where cauterization is requisite, ten or twelve minutes may be 
 necessary. The irritated or denuded surface may be dressed 
 
 2 Granville. Counter-Irritation, its Principles and Practice, p. 39. 
 
RUBEFACIENTS. 219 
 
 according to existing indications, with a simple poultice, tepid 
 fomentations, cerate, or irritating ointments. 
 
 Gondretfs Pommade Ammoniacale. 
 
 R. Adipis, partes xxxij. 
 Olei Amygdalae, partes ij. 
 Liquoris Ammonias (sp. gr. 0.905), partes xvij. 
 
 Melt the lard, mix the oil with it, and pour them into a wide- 
 mouthed phial with a glass stopper ; then add the ammonia, close 
 the bottle, mix the contents together by shaking, and keep the 
 mixture in a cool place. If the skin is to be excited, perspira- 
 tion to be re-established, or some subcutaneous engorgement to 
 be dissipated, light and hasty practices accomplish these objects. 
 If a rubefacient effect is desirable, spread the ointment thickly 
 on linen, and apply it for one or two minutes. For vesication, 
 continue the application for five or six minutes ; and, by a farther 
 continuance, absolute cauterization is speedily produced. 
 
 These powerful preparations are used in a great variety of 
 diseases, and in all cases when speedy and powerful counter- 
 irritation is demanded ; as in neuralgia and rheumatic affections 
 generally, both acute and chronic ; spasms, convulsions, gout, 
 paralysis, inflammatory diseases of internal organs, diseases of 
 the heart, sprains, &c. &c. 
 
 Solution of Caustic Potash. 
 R. Potassae, 3iss. 
 
 Aquas, faij. 
 Fiat solutio. — Applied to the spine in tetanus. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Hartshorne speaks in high terms of the beneficial 
 effect of this solution in the above disease. The best mode of 
 applying it, so as merely to produce a rubefacient action, is to 
 tie a piece of sponge to a stick or common table fork, and ap- 
 ply it from the nape of the neck to the sacrum. When the 
 solution is strong, the effect is powerful. 
 
 Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. 
 R. Pulveris Capsici, 3ij- 
 
 Alcoholis Diluti, f 3viij. 
 Misce. — This preparation forms an excellent rubefacient in low 
 fever. Dr. Chapman recommends it strongly in sciatica and 
 other rheumatic affections. 
 
220 RUBEFACIENTS. 
 
 Turpentine Liniment. 
 
 R. Olei Terebinthinas, f jfij. 
 
 Olivae, fjij. 
 
 Tincturas Camphorae, flj. 
 
 Liquoris Ammoniae, f 3j. 
 Fiat linimentum. 
 
 Decoction of Turpentine and Cantharides. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cantharidis, gj. 
 
 Olei Terebinthinas, f ^viij. 
 Digest together for three hours, then filter. 
 
 This is the process usually followed by our apothecaries ; but 
 we conceive thirty minutes' boiling would be qxiite sufficient, 
 and the cantharides be less likely to be injured by the heat. It 
 was first made by Dr. Hartshorne of this city, who has used it 
 with great success in the typhoid state of fever. It is merely 
 rubbed over the surface of the body. S. Gr. Morton. 
 
 Liniment of Cantharides, &c. 
 
 R. Camphor ae, 3iij- 
 
 Solve in Decocti Cantharidis cum Terebinthinaf ^ss. — et adde — 
 Unguenti Hydrargyri, 
 
 Simplicis, aa 3j. 
 
 Fiat linimentum. — This preparation is employed in low fever, 
 when it is desirable to rouse the system, and at the same time 
 affect it with mercury ; also in tumors. 
 
 Liniment of Croton Oil. 
 
 R. Olei Tiglii, 
 
 Olivse, aa f £ss. 
 
 Fiat linimentum. — Croton oil is one of our safest and most effi- 
 cient rubefacients. Eubbed for a few minutes, or sometimes 
 even for a few seconds, on the skin, it produces irritation and 
 redness, followed in some hours by a pustular eruption. If 
 the effect is too severe at first, it is readily counteracted by a 
 poultice, preceded by washing with mild soap and water to 
 remove the oil. In some persons the oil may be applied pure. 
 
 Volatile Liniment. 
 
 R. Olei Olivae, 
 
 Liquoris Ammonias, aa f 3j. 
 Mi sec. — Applied to the neck in inflammation of the throat. 
 
RUBEFACIENTS. 221 
 
 Soap Liniment, &c. 
 
 B. Linimenti Saponis Cainphorati, ffij. 
 
 Liquoris Ammonia, f oj. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, fifss. 
 Fiat linimentum. — To be used as above. 
 
 Iodine Paint. 
 B. Iodinii, gr. lxiy. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, gr. xxx. 
 
 Alcoholis, f 3j. 
 Mat solutio. King's College Hospital. 
 
 Iodine is one of our best rubefacients and counter-irritants. 
 This and the following formula furnish solutions that prove 
 satisfactory in practice. 
 
 Ethereal Solution of Iodine. 
 B. ^Etheris, f §j. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, gr. xv. 
 
 Iodinii, q. s. ad saturandum. 
 Misce. 
 
 " It is applied in the same way as the tincture, by means of 
 a camel-hair pencil rubbed over the part, until it begins to 
 produce a burning sensation in the part ; then cover it with a 
 pledget of wadding so as to prevent evaporation." 
 
 K. Thomson. 
 
 Liniment with Croton Oil and Potash. 
 B. Olei Tiglii, 
 
 Liquoris Potassae, aa Ttlxv. 
 Misce, et adde — 
 
 Aquae Kosae, f ij. 
 Fiat liniment am. 
 
 This may be rubbed on the affected part twice or three times 
 a day, until minute pustules appear. James Allen. 
 
 Cowhage Ointment. 
 B. Mucunae, gr. viij. 
 
 Adipis, 5J. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 The ointment must be rubbed in from ten to twenty minutes. 
 The immediate effect is a sensation resembling stinging with 
 nettles, but this passes off in less than half an hour. The skin 
 generally becomes covered with white flat papulae which soon 
 disappear. 
 
 It is used in the same cases as tartar emetic or the Croton oil 
 liniment. B latin. 
 
CLASS XX. 
 
 ANOMALOUS EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 
 
 It was the original intention of the Author of this work to 
 arrange all the prescriptions, whether for internal or external 
 use, under their appropriate therapeutic heads, and a few of the 
 earlier editions conformed, more or less, to that view. But the 
 introduction of a great number of new remedies, the true value 
 of which can only be determined by careful trials, has caused 
 much difficulty in arranging them properly in that respect. 
 This remark is particularly applicable to the host of articles 
 used, under various forms, in the skin diseases. To remedy 
 this, and to facilitate reference as much as possible, the Editor 
 of the tenth edition has added three new classes, of which the 
 present constitutes one. Class XX. is arranged on a pharma- 
 ceutical, rather than a therapeutical basis, and its subdivisions 
 are named according to the form of preparation employed. 
 Viz. Collyria, Injections, Gargles, Liniments, Ointments, Cata- 
 plasms, Baths, Fomentations, and Fumigations. 
 
 A.— COLLYRIA. 
 
 These are preparations applied to the eyes. They are some- 
 times dry, but generally liquid — consisting of infusions, decoc- 
 tions, or distilled waters, with the addition of various sub- 
 stances. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 Dry Collyrium of Oxide of Zinc and Sugar. 
 
 R. Sacchari, 
 
 Zinci Oxidi, aa partes sequales. 
 Tere in pulvcrcm. M. Recamier. 
 
COLLYEIA. 223 
 
 Dry Collyrium of Bed Precipitate, &c. 
 
 B. Saechari, 3ij- 
 
 Hyclrargyri Oxidi Rubri, gr. x. 
 
 Zinci Oxidi, 9j. 
 Fiat pulvis subtilissimus. Dupuytrek 
 
 This and the preceding powder are used in opacities of the 
 cornea, by blowing them into the eye through a quill. 
 
 Dry Collyrium of Opium, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Saechari, aa9j. 
 Tere bene. 
 
 These compounds are blown into the eyes for the removal of 
 specks on the cornea resulting from inflammation. 
 
 Poiuder of Blue Vitriol, &c 
 
 B. Capri Sulphatis, 
 Boli Armenia?, aa Ij. 
 Camphoras, 3ij. 
 Fiat pulvis. — Put Ij. of this powder into a pint of boiling water ; 
 filter the solution, and mix 3j. of it with Sj. of clear water, and 
 apply it to the purulent eyes of infants by means of a syringe, 
 pro re nata. Cooper's Surgery. 
 
 Lapis Divinus. 
 B. Aluminis, "} 
 
 Potassse Mtratis, Vaa ^j. 
 
 Cupri Sulphatis, J 
 
 Camphors, Jss. 
 The alum, nitre, and sulphate of copper are to be fused 
 together in a glazed earthen crucible, to drive off the water of 
 crystallization, and the camphor is to be added near the end of 
 the process. The cold mass is to be broken in pieces, and 
 preserved in a closely stoppered bottle. This article is much 
 employed on the Continent as an eyewash, in the strength of 
 two grains and upwards to a fLuidounce of distilled water. 
 
 SOLUTIONS AND MIXTURES. 
 
 Alum Collyrium. 
 
 B. Pulveris Aluminis, gr. xij. vel xx. 
 
 Aquas Rosae, f liv. 
 Fiat solutio. — To be applied to the eye in chronic inflammation. 
 
224 COLLYKIA. 
 
 Collyrium of Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Aquae Rosae, f^vj. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, gr. xxiv. 
 Iodinii, gr. j. vel ij. 
 Fiat collyrium. To be applied to the eyes three or four times 
 in the day. In scrofulous ophthalmia, and ulcerations of the 
 cornea and conjunctiva. Ryan. 
 
 Collyrium of Green Vitriol. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquae, fgj. 
 Fiat solutio. — Used in chronic ophthalmia. 
 
 Collyrium of Suhacetate of Lead, &c. 
 
 R. Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, gtt. xij. 
 
 Yini Opii, gtt. xl. 
 
 Aquae Rosae, f 3iv. 
 Fiat collyrium. — This should not be used when there are ulcers 
 on the cornea. 
 
 Collyrium of Vinegar, &c. 
 
 R. Aceti destillati, f 3j. 
 
 Alcoholis, f iss. 
 
 Aquae Rosae, fiviij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — To be applied to weak eyes, and to 
 ophthalmia after depletion. 
 
 Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Acetatis, gr. iv. 
 
 Aquae Rosae, f 3j. 
 Fiat solutio. — Used like the preceding. 
 
 Opiate Collyrium. 
 
 R. Pulvcris Opii, gr. j. 
 
 Camphorae, gr. v. 
 
 Mucilaginis Acaciae, fsj. 
 Misce, et fiat collyrium. 
 
 Alum Curd. 
 
 R. Pulvcris Aluminis, 3ss. 
 
 Albumen unius Ovi. 
 Agitate them well until a coagulum be formed.— To be applied 
 
 on a linen rag to inflamed eyes. It should be removed in 
 
 three or four hours. 
 
COLLYEIA. 225 
 
 Collyrium of Nitrate of Silver: 
 
 R. Argenti Nitratis, gr. j. vel ij. ad gr. xx. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, ffij. 
 Fiat solutio. — In acute ophthalmia, and to promote the absorp- 
 tion of nebulae of the cornea. 
 
 Collyrium of Sulphate of Cadmium, &c. 
 
 R. Cadmii Sulphatis, gr. iij. 
 
 Aquae Rosae, f^ij. 
 
 Yini Opii, f 3j. 
 Fiat mistura. — Used for opacities of the cornea, and in chronic 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 The quantity of sulphate of cadmium is gradually increased 
 to four grains in an ounce. Feonmullee. 
 
 Collyrium of Sulphate of Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. vj. 
 
 Camphorae, Jj. 
 
 Aquae ferventis, f 3viij. 
 Eub the camphor with the water, then strain, and add the sul- 
 phate of copper. 
 
 This is nearly the same as the formula recommended by Mr. 
 Ware in the treatment of purulent ophthalmia. 
 
 Strychnia Collyrium. 
 
 R. Strychniae, gr. ij. vel iv. 
 Acidi Acetici diluti, 
 Aquae destillatae, aa f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. — A drop or two, diluted or not according to cir- 
 cumstances, to be applied to the eye several times a day. 
 
 De. Ryan on Amaurosis. 
 
 Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f gviij. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 The above may be advantageously used in gonorrhoeal oph- 
 thalmia, as also in that of a scrofulous character. 
 
 15 
 
226 COLLYEIA. 
 
 Collyrium of Opium and Camphor. 
 
 R. Extracti Opii, gr. x. 
 Camphoras, gr. vj. 
 Aquas ferventis, f Ixij. 
 Rub the camphor and opium well together in a mortar, and add 
 the water. Then strain before using. 
 
 Conradi's Collyrium. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j. 
 
 Decocti Cydonii, Lond. fjj. 
 
 AqiT38 Rosas, f 3vj. 
 
 Yini Opii, fjj. 
 Fiat mistura. 
 
 This collyrium is praised by most of the German oculists in 
 cases of chronic ophthalmia. 
 
 Bates's Camphorated Water. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulphatis, 
 
 Boli Armenias, aa gr. viij. 
 
 Camphorse, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, f 3 viij. 
 Fiat infusum et cola. 
 
 This is used as a lotion in the purulent ophthalmia of infants. 
 
 Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia and Camphor. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, f £ij. 
 
 Aquas Camphoras, f 3vj. 
 Misce. Signa. — For eyes requiring a mild astringent and stimu- 
 lant application. 
 
 Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia wiiJi Opium. 
 
 R. Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, f 3ij. 
 Aquas ferventis, f ,lvj. 
 Extracti Opii, gr. x. 
 Dissolve the extract of opium in the hot water, strain, and add 
 the solution of acetate of ammonia. In acute ophthalmia, 
 when considerable pain remains after depletion. 
 
 Emo Wen t Co I lyr'u tm. 
 
 R. Radicis Althcas, 3ij- 
 Aquae destOlatse, Oj. 
 
 [nfuse Cor three hours near the five, and strain. — In inflamma- 
 tion of the conjunctiva accompanied with violent irritation. 
 
COLLYEIA. 227 
 
 Colly Hum of Poppies, &c. 
 
 R. Decocti Papaveris, Lond. f Jiv. 
 Aquae Kosae, 
 
 Camphorae, aa f 3ij. 
 
 Misce. — Either of the last two collyria is adapted to the early 
 stages of ophthalmia. 
 
 These collyria can be most successfully applied to the eyes 
 by introducing the point of a small syringe into the outer angle, 
 and gradually injecting them. 
 
 An<odyne Collyrium. 
 
 R. Colchici Eadicis contusi, Jj. 
 
 Infusi Lini bullientis, f iiv. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, fjj. 
 Fiat mistura. — For ophthalmia accompanied with great sensi- 
 bility. M. Jadelot. 
 
 Collyrium with Conia. 
 
 R. Coniae, partes ij. 
 
 Alcoholis, partes xiij. 
 Aquae destillatas, partes cc. 
 Fiat solutio. — Employed in scrofulous ophthalmia, with intole- 
 rance of light, by rubbing it around the orbits, or dropping 
 it in the eye several times a day. 
 
 Conia, the active principle of conium maculatum, is a most 
 virulent poison, and therefore care. is requisite, even in its ex- 
 ternal use. Fronmuller. 
 
 Guthrie's Ointment. ■ 
 
 R. Argenti Mtratis, gr. ij. ad x. 
 
 Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, gtt. xv. 
 
 Unguenti Cetacei, Lond. 5j- 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 " The manner of using the ointment, is by introducing be- 
 tween the lids a portion, larger or smaller, as the case may 
 seem to require it, from the size of a large pin's head to that 
 of a garden pea." Guthrie. 
 
 Ointment of Bed Precipitate, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Oxidi Eubri, gr. x. 
 
 Zinci Sulphatis, 9j. 
 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
228 INJECTIONS. 
 
 Recommended by Professor Dupuytren, in obstinate clironic 
 ophthalmia depending on a scrofulous diathesis. 
 
 B.— INJECTIONS. 
 
 Injections are liquid compositions of emollient, astringent, or 
 stimulating substances. The parts into which they are thrown 
 are the external auditory passages, the canal of the urethra, 
 the bladder, and also fistulous cavities, the tunica vaginalis in 
 the case of hydrocele, and the vagina. 
 
 A. — FOR THE EAR. 
 
 Injection with Camphor, &c. 
 
 R. Camphor se, Jiv. 
 Olei Cajuputi, f3vij. 
 
 Amygdala?, f 3xv. 
 
 Tere simul. — A few drops to be dropped in the ear, in cases of 
 dulness of hearing, from hardened wax, or dryness of the 
 membrane. Radius. 
 
 Goulards Extract, and Rose Water. 
 
 R. Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, f 3j. 
 
 Aquse Rosas, f 3j. 
 Misce. — This is to be dropped into the ear until the meatus is 
 full, and be allowed to remain there for a few minutes. 
 
 Wilde. 
 
 Mixture with Bates 1 s Alum Water. 
 
 R. Liquoris Aluminis Compositi, Lond. f 3j. 
 
 Aqua3 Rosas, f ^j. 
 Miscc. 
 
 Used in otorrhooa, in the same way as the preceding. 
 
 Wilde. 
 
 Mixture with Aqua Sappharina. 
 
 R. Liquoris Cupri Ammonio-Sulphatis, Lond. f 3j. 
 
 Aqua) destillatce, f §j. 
 Misce. 
 
 Like the preceding, this is used as an astringent in otorrhcca. 
 
 Wilde. 
 
INJECTIONS. 229 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 B. Argenti Nitratis, gr. x. 
 
 Aquae destillatas, f Ij. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used in simple otorrhoea by painting the meatus and mem- 
 brana tympani with, a fine camel-hair pencil, dipped in the 
 solution, every second or third day ; and one of the three fore- 
 going solutions is used in the interim, night and morning. 
 
 Wilde. 
 
 Injection of Pyroligneous Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Pyrolignei, Dub. f 3ij. 
 
 Aquas destillatas f 3vj. 
 Fiat injectio. — To be injected twice a day with a silver syringe, 
 in purulent discharge from the meatus auditorius. 
 
 Buchanan on the Ear. 
 
 Injection of Catechu. 
 
 B. Catechu, gr. xij. 
 
 Aquas bullientis, f ^vj. 
 Fiat injectio. — To be used four or five times a day. Idem. 
 
 Pyroligneous Acid, Ether, &c. 
 
 B. Acidi Pyrolignei, Dub. 
 
 Spiritus ^Etheris Sulphurici, Ed. , 
 
 Olei Terebinthinas, aa partes equales. 
 Misce. Signa. — Introduce two drops into the meatus auditorius 
 every night, when the cerumen is deficient in quantity. — 
 Idem. 
 
 Oxgall and Peruvian Balsam, for the Ear. 
 B. Fellis Bovini, f 5iij. 
 
 Balsami Peruviani, f 3j. 
 Misce. — To be dropped occasionally into the ear to correct a 
 fetid discharge, syringing the ear every day with a weak so- 
 lution of soap and water. Dr. Hugh Smith. 
 
 Injection of Creasote. 
 
 B. Creasoti, gtt. ij. vel iv. 
 
 Syrupi, fjj. 
 
 Aquas, f 5vij. 
 Misce. 
 
 To be used like the foregoing. Editor. 
 
230 INJECTIONS. 
 
 Solution of Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 R. Argenti Nitratis, 5ss. — j. 
 Aquas destillatae, f 3j. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 We have given above a weaker formula for the application 
 of lunar caustic to the membrani tympani. The present solu- 
 tion is intended to be applied every third day to the outer half 
 of the meatus, and adjacent portion of the concha, in chronic 
 inflammation or thickening of the membrane lining the tympanic 
 cavity. J. Toynbee. 
 
 Solution of Sulphate of Cadmium. 
 
 B. Cadmii Sulphatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Aquae, f §j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used in otorrhoea. Lincke. 
 
 B. — FOR THE URETHRA. 
 
 "When injections are employed in the cure of gonorrhoea, two 
 circumstances merit especial attention, viz., the manner of in- 
 jecting them and the frequency of using them. When the com- 
 mon syringe is used, the pipe should be perfectly smooth, short 
 and conical, so that it cannot pass more than a quarter of an 
 inch into the urethra. The patient should oil the pipe before 
 using it, seat himself on the edge of a chair so as to avoid press- 
 ing the perineum, draw the penis forward on the syringe with 
 the left hand, and throw up the injection to the seat of disease 
 (previously ascertained) with the other. As respects the fre- 
 quency of injecting, it may be observed, that five or six times 
 a day are not too often, and that the cure will be retarded by 
 using these remedies at longer intervals. We cannot forbear 
 remarking that gonorrhoea! inflammation, situated near the ex- 
 tremity of the penis, can be often cured by a routine plan; but 
 when seated higher up the canal, and affecting Cowper's gland 
 or the prostate, it becomes a serious disease, the cure of which 
 ought not to be undertaken by persons ignorant of the structure 
 of the parts and the nature of morbid action. 
 
 Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 This article is extensively used, both in gonorrhoea and gleet. 
 Some practitioners employ a weak solution, of two or three 
 grains, to the ounce of rose water, twice a day. Others prefer 
 
INJECTIONS. 231 
 
 ten grains to the ounce and employ the injection every second 
 or third day. Another class prefer an ointment of ten or twenty 
 grains to the ounce, and smear this over a bougie, which is then 
 passed into the urethra. In acute gonorrhoea, either of the latter 
 plans will frequently arrest the disease in a few days. In gleet, 
 perhaps, the first plan is preferable. 
 
 Injection of Corrosive Sublimate ) &c. 
 
 B. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquas Kosas, f Iviij. 
 Fiat injectio. — In gleet. 
 
 This powerful remedy should be employed with great caution. 
 
 Injection of Sulphate of Zinc, &c. 
 
 B. Zinci Sulphatis, gr. x. 
 
 Pulveris Acacias, 3ij- 
 
 Tincturas Opii, fjj. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f^viij. 
 Fiat injectio. — In gonorrhoea virulenta. 
 
 Injection of Muriate of Ammonia, &c. 
 
 B. Ammonias Muriatis, gr. j. vel ij. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. ij. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f^iv. 
 Fiat injectio. — In chronic gonorrhoea. 
 
 Injection of Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 B. Zinci Acetatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Aquas Kosas, f ^iv. 
 Fiat injectio. — In gonorrhoea virulenta. 
 
 For all these preparations, rose water is an admirable men- 
 struum ; it possesses the advantages of being slightly astringent 
 and rendered pure by distillation, and is therefore particularly 
 applicable to the formation of injections and colly ria. 
 
 Injection of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 B. Zinci Chloridi, gr. j. vel ij. 
 
 Aquas, f |j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used in gonorrhoea. G-oddakd. 
 
232 
 
 INJECTIONS. 
 
 Injection of Sulphate of Iron. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Aquae, f aj. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 Used in gleet. 
 
 Injection of Iodide of Iron. 
 R. Ferri Iodicli, 3ss. vel j. 
 
 Aquae, f 3 viij. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used in blennorrhoea. Ricoed. 
 
 Injection of Sulphate of Quinia. 
 
 R. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. ij. ad viij. 
 
 Aquae, f Ej. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici diluti, q. s. 
 Ut fiat solutio. 
 
 Used in gonorrhoea. Goddakd. 
 
 Injection of Armenian Bole. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, 9j. 
 
 Boli Armeniae, 9ij. 
 
 Pulveris Acaciae, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae Rosae, f 3 viij. 
 Fiat injectio. — In gonorrhoea. 
 
 Injection of Calomel, dec. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 3j- 
 
 Acaciae, 3ij. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, f Iss. 
 
 Aquae, f Hviij. 
 Fiat injectio. — For gonorrhoea or gleet. 
 
 Injection of Sulphate of Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. vj. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f ovj. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, f3j. 
 Fiat solutio. — To be thrown up the urethra in chronic gonor- 
 rhoea. 
 
 Injection of Tea. 
 
 R. Foliorum Theae Viridis, 3j. 
 
 Aquas ferventis, f.syj. 
 Fiat Lnfusum et cola. — For an injection in gonorrhoea viru- 
 lenta. 
 
GABGLES AND MOUTH WASHES. 233 
 
 Injection of Ammoniated Copper. 
 
 R. Cupri Ammoniati, gr. v. 
 
 Aquae Kosae, f^viij. 
 Fiat solutio. — Iu chronic gonorrhoea. 
 
 Solution of Tannin. 
 
 R. Acidi Tannici, gr. xxxij. 
 Aquae destillatae, f^viij. 
 
 Solve. — Employed as a wash to chronic ulcers, and as an injec- 
 tion in obstinate blennorrhoea. — Bekal, in Dunglison's New 
 Remedies, 6th ed. p. 4£>. 
 
 Injection of Strychnia. 
 
 R. Strychniae, gr. j. 
 
 Acidi Mtrici, gtt. ij. 
 
 Aquae, f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. Signa. — Inject a dram three times a day after 
 urination. Used in gleet. Johnson. 
 
 C— GAEGLES AND MOUTH WASHES. 
 
 Gargles, like injections, are astringent and stimulating ; and 
 to be of any service must be frequently applied, and persevered 
 in for some time. 
 
 Gargle of Brandy. 
 
 R. Spiritus Yini Gallici, 
 
 Aquae, aa partes aequales. 
 Brandy and water form an excellent gargle for some cases of 
 inflamed fauces. 
 
 Gargle of Galls and Alcohol. 
 
 R. Infusi Gallae (Jij. ad Oss.) fovij. 
 
 Alcoholis, f^j. 
 Fiat gargarysma. — In relaxation of the uvula and soft palate. 
 Should be applied with a camel-hair brush. 
 
 Gargle of Infusion of Oak Bark. 
 
 R. Corticis Quercus Albae, Ij. 
 
 Aquae, Ojss. 
 Boil to a pint, and strain ; then add — ■ 
 
 Aluminis, 3ss. 
 
 Spiritus Yini Gallici, f §ij. 
 Misce. 
 
234: GARGLES AND MOUTH WASHES. 
 
 Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia, &c. 
 
 R. Quiniae Sulphatis, gr. xij. 
 
 Cupri Sulphatis, gr. xvj. 
 
 Acicli Sulphurici Aromatici, f3j. 
 
 Aquae, f^viij. 
 Fiat mistura. Signa. — To be used three or four times a day, in 
 obstinate sore throat. Jos. Hartshorne. 
 
 Gargle of Borax, &c. 
 
 R. Sodae Boratis, 3j. 
 
 Tincturae Myrrhae, flss. 
 
 Mellis despumati, f^j. 
 
 Aquae Kosae, fSiv. 
 Fiat gargarysma. — To be used as a gargle or mouth wash, in 
 ptyalism or scorbutic affections of the gums. 
 
 Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc, &c. 
 
 R. Zinci Sulphatis, £j. 
 Mellis, fiss. 
 Tincturae Myrrhae, flj. 
 Spiritus Yini Gallici, f|j. 
 Aquae Eosae, fsvj. 
 Fiat gargarysma. — To be applied to ulcerated gums, occa- 
 sioned by excessive salivation. Water can be added if it be 
 too strong. 
 
 In mercurial sore mouth, common lead water forms a most 
 soothing and useful application. It makes the teeth black — an 
 effect, however, which is only temporary. 
 
 Dr. Blake 1 s Toothache Solution. 
 
 R. Aluminis (in pulverem subtilissimum triturandum), 3ij. 
 
 Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, f 5 vij . 
 Fiat mistura. — Said by Dr. Blake, of London, to be an infallible 
 cure for toothache, when not connected with rheumatism. 
 
 Gargle of Alum. 
 
 R. Aluminis, 3\j- 
 
 Aquae, f3iv. 
 Solve. — This is Dr. Cavarra's gargle for foelor oris, or offensive 
 breath. 
 
GAEGLES AND MOUTH WASHES. 235 
 
 Gargle of Pomegranate. 
 
 R. Granati Fructus Corticis, ess. 
 
 Eosas Gallicas, 3ij- 
 
 Aquas bullientis, f *vj. 
 Fiat infustim. Cola et adde — ■ 
 
 Mellis despnmati, f sj. 
 
 Aluminis, 3ij- 
 Fiat gargarysma. — For inflammation of the throat and fauces. 
 
 Muriatic Acid Gargle. 
 
 R. Infusi Cinchonas Eubras, f ^iv. 
 Mellis despumati, f sj. 
 Acidi Muriatici, gtt. x. vel xviij. 
 Fiat gargarysma. — In chronic inflammation, when the pain and 
 swelling have been reduced by depletion. 
 
 Eatiee's Formulary. 
 
 Detergent Gargle of Sulphuric Acid, &c. 
 
 R. Decocti Hordei, f siv. 
 
 Mellis despumati, f |ss. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici, gtt. x. vel xx. 
 Fiat gargarysma. Eatiee. 
 
 Mercurial Gargle. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j. 
 
 Mellis despumati, f -fss. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f 3iv. 
 Fiat solutio. — For venereal sore throat. Eatiee. 
 
 Acetous Gargle. 
 
 R. Acidi Acetici, f 3ij. 
 
 Ammonias Muriatis, 3j. 
 
 Mellis, f^iss. 
 
 Aquas, f ifxij. 
 Fiat gargarysma. — For inflamed fauces. Ratiee. 
 
 Astringent Gargle of Acetate of Lead, &c. 
 
 R. Plumbi Acetatis, 3ss. 
 
 Syrupi, fgj. 
 
 Decocti Hordei, Oj. 
 Fiat solutio. — In mercurial sore mouth, &c. Eatiee. 
 
236 GARGLES AND MOUTH WASHES. 
 
 Chloride of Lime Gargle. 
 
 R. Calcis Chlorinatae, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 Solve et cola. Dein adde — 
 
 Mellis, f 3j. 
 Misce. — Used in ulceration of the mouth and throat. 
 
 Disinfecting Mouth Wash. 
 
 R. Calcis Chlorinatae, 5uj- 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f 3ij. 
 Tere simul et ultra. Dein adde — 
 
 Olei Eosae, tflv. 
 
 Alcoholis, f §ij. 
 
 Mellis Eosae, f £ss. 
 Misce. — Used in mercurial sore mouth. 
 
 Cayenne Pepper Gargle. 
 
 R. Tincturae Capsici, f Iss; 
 
 Aquae Eosae, f iviij. 
 Misce. — A stimulating gargle used in scarlet fever. 
 
 Griffiths. 
 
 Mel Mgyptiacum. 
 
 R. Linimenti JEruginis, Lond. f gj. 
 
 This is applied with a brush to venereal ulcers of the throat. 
 Diluted with water (one dram to the ounce), it forms a detergent 
 gargle. 
 
 Gargle with Iodine and Opium. 
 R. Tincturae Iodinii, f 3j. — ij. 
 
 • Opii, f 3j. 
 
 Aquae, f 3vj. 
 Fiat gargarysma. 
 Signa. — To be well shaken when used. 
 
 This is employed three or four times daily in ulcerated sore 
 throat. 
 
 Solution of Iodide of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Iodidi, gr. x. — xxx. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f^j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Applied daily to enlarged tonsils, by a piece of sponge tied 
 to a quill. J. J. Ross. 
 
LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 237 
 
 Mixture of Sulphuric Acid and Honey. 
 
 R. Acidi Sulplmrici, f 5ss. 
 
 Mellis, f 5j. 
 Fiat linhnentum. 
 
 Used for aphthae, by toucliing tlie ulcerated surfaces frequent- 
 ly witlra soft pencil. 
 
 Wash of Sulphate of Copper, &c 
 
 R. Cupri Snlphatis, 3ij. 
 Pulveris Cinchonae, Iss. 
 Aquae destillatee', f liv. 
 Misce. Signa. — In the gangrenous sore mouth of children, 
 applied to the full extent of the ulceration and excoriation. 
 
 Dr. B. H. Coates. 
 
 Sulphate of zinc is often employed in like doses, in this 
 affection. 
 
 Gargle of Alum, Sage Tea, and Honey. 
 
 R. Foliorum Salvia?, Iss. 
 
 Aquae bullientis, Oss. 
 Fiat infusum, et cola, dein ad.de — 
 
 Aluminis, §ss. 
 
 Mellis, fsj. 
 Fiat mistura. 
 
 This domestic remedy is a very effectual one in cases of sore 
 throat. 
 
 Linctus with Muriatic Acid, &c. 
 
 R. Acidi Muriatici, f Jss. 
 Mellis, 
 
 Aquae Kosas, aa f^j. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be applied to scorbutic gums three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 D.— LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, &c. 
 
 Lotion of Lime-water, Zinc, &c, 
 
 R. Zinci Oxidi, gr. xij. 
 
 Cupri Sulphatis, gr. iij. vel iv. 
 
 Mellis, f3j. 
 
 Liquor is Calcis, f Iij. 
 Fiat lotio. — To be applied to phagedenic ulcers of the genitals. 
 
 Vide Swediaur on Syphilis, 
 
238 LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 
 
 Liniment of Lime-water and Linseed Oil (Carron Oil). 
 
 R. Olei Lini, fliij. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, flvj. 
 Fiat linimentum.- — To be applied to burns and scalds by means 
 of a feather or soft rag. 
 
 Lotion of Lime-water and Alcohol. 
 
 R. Alcoholis, f^ij. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, Oss. 
 Fiat mistura. — In the same cases as the above. 
 
 Lotion of Goulard 's Extract of Lead, &c. 
 
 R. Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, fjj. 
 
 Tincturas Camphor as, f§iij. 
 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 Fiat lotio. — To be used as the former. 
 
 This compound is much recommended by some of the French 
 surgeons. Applied by means of lint to old ulcers. 
 
 Lotion of Chloride of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Chloridi, gr. ij. 
 Aquae destillatae, f Ij. 
 Misce. — Applied on lint to chronic and indolent ulcers. 
 
 Hancke. 
 
 Lotion of Sulphur et of Potassium, &c. 
 
 1. R. Potassii Sulphureti, 3j. vel lij. 
 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 Misce. 
 
 2. R. Acidi Muriatici, f 3j. vel f lij. 
 
 Aquas destillatae, Oij. 
 Mix one ounce of each lotion with four ounces of warm water, 
 and apply by means of a sponge. In psora. 
 
 M. Alibekt. 
 
 Lotion of Subacetate of Lead. 
 
 R. Confectionis Eosas, 3j. 
 
 Me] lis, 
 
 Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, aa f sss. 
 
 Tincturao Opii, gtt. lx. 
 Misce. Signa. — Applied to painful venereal ulcers, and to 
 chancres after the use of lunar caustic. 
 
LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 239 
 
 Compound Lotion of Sulphur et of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Sulphur eti, gss. 
 Saponis Yeneti, 3j. 
 Alcoholis, f 3iv. 
 Tincturae Myrrhae, f Iss. 
 Liquoris Calcis, Oj. 
 Fiat mistura secundum artem. — To be applied to the head night 
 and morning, in tinea capitis. The hair must be shaved pre- 
 vious to its employment. 
 
 Solution of Phosphoric Acid. 
 
 R. Acidi Phosphorici, 3j. 
 
 Aquae destillatse, f iviij. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Dr. Lentin, a German physician, has employed this solution 
 on compresses applied to ulcers situated over carious bones. — 
 Spill AN's Supplement to the British Pharmacopoeias. 
 
 Astringent Fomentation. 
 
 R. Eadicis Bistortse, 
 
 Granati Fructus Corticis, aa §ij. 
 
 Ammonise Muriatis, 3ij. 
 
 Yini Rubri, Oj. 
 Misce. Signa. — For indolent inflammatory swellings. 
 
 Ratier's Formulary. 
 
 Lotions of Prussic Acid. 
 
 Prussic acid (Acidum hydrocyanicum dilutum) is used exter- 
 nally, in the proportion of £ij. to Oj. of water, or other fluids. 
 In cancerous ulcers ; dartre ; and injected into the vagina in can- 
 cer of the uterus. — See Mag-endie's Formulary, edit. 5th, p. 66. 
 
 Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, 5j- 
 
 Aquae, f Ivj. 
 Solve et adde — 
 
 Ammonias Muriatis, Jij. 
 
 Potasses Nitratis, ^ss. 
 Fiat lotio. — Principally used as a wash in itch. 
 
 Good's Study of Med. vol. iv. 
 
 Yellow Wash. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, gr. j. vel. iij. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, f 3j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
240 LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 
 
 For ordinary purposes one grain to the ounce will be suffi- 
 cient. In phagedenic and venereal ulcers. 
 
 Black Wash. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 5j. 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, f IiV. 
 Misce. Signa. — The bottle to be well shaken before using. 
 
 This prescription is used in the same cases as the other. The 
 red oxide in that, and the black oxide of mercury in this, are 
 precipitated by the lime-water. They are sometimes adminis- 
 tered in the form of injections in gleet and gonorrhoea. 
 
 Lotion of Cyanuret of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Cyanureti, gr. xij. 
 Misturae Amygdalae, f ivj. 
 Fiat lotio. In lichen, and other chronic eruptions. 
 
 Liniment of Chlorine. 
 
 R. Chlorinii Liquoris, Dub. f 5j. 
 Olei Olivse, fgj. 
 
 Fiat linimentum. — Applied externally to itch, herpes, and tinea 
 capitis. Dunglison's New Remedies^ 6th ed. p. 195. 
 
 Iodine Liniment. 
 
 R. Linimenti Saponis Camphor ati, f£j. 
 Tincturse Iodinii, fjj. 
 
 Misce. 
 
 Creasote Liniment. 
 
 R. Creasoti, gtt. x. 
 Olei OhVe, f|rj. 
 Fiat linimentum. — In herpes, &c. 
 
 Creasote Lotion. 
 
 R. Creasoti, gtt. x. 
 
 Accti, f 3;j. 
 
 Aqua3 destillatae, f $j. 
 Fiat lotio. — Applied in phagedenic ulceration. 
 
 An admirable wash for herpetic eruptions may be prepared 
 by mixing half an ounce of Wethcrill's distilled creasote water 
 with lour times the quantity of pure water. This may be ap- 
 plied with safety to the skin of infants; but, if too active, it 
 should be still farther diluted. 
 
LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 241 
 
 Camphorated Oil. 
 R. Camphors, %]. 
 
 Olei Olivae, f Jiv. 
 Tere simnl, et fiat solutio ; tunc adde — 
 
 Olei Terebinthinae, f 3jss. 
 To be applied by rubbing with, a piece of flannel. In deep- 
 seated rheumatic pains. 
 
 Epiihem with Tincture of Cantharides. 
 
 R. Pulveris Cantharidis, 3j. 
 
 Alcoholis, f liv. 
 Digere cum leni calore per dies duas, cola et adde — 
 
 Camphorae, ^ss. 
 Signa. — To be rubbed on the parts affected. In paralysis. 
 
 Epithem with Camphor and Carbonate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Tincturas Camphorae, f ^iv. 
 
 Ammonias Carbonatis, ^ss. 
 
 Olei Juniperi, 
 
 Succini, aa f 3ij. 
 
 Misce. — To be employed in the same cases as the former. 
 
 Liniment with Camphor, &c. 
 
 R. Tincture Camphorse, f |iij. 
 
 Acidi Acetici, f ^j. 
 Fiat embrocatio. — To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c. 
 
 Liniment with Ammonia and Olive Oil; vulgo, Volatile Liniment. 
 
 R. Olei Olivae, 
 
 Liquoris Ammonias, aa f 3j. 
 Misce. — Applied to the neck in inflammation of the throat. 
 
 Liniment of Ammonia and Tartarized Antimony. 
 R. Linimenti Ammonias, f 3j. 
 
 Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, 5j« 
 Misce. — Applied to indolent tumors, and other swellings. 
 
 Liniment of Oil of Amber, &e. 
 
 R. Olei Succini, f 5ij. 
 
 Olivae, f ^ss. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, f 3ij. 
 Spirit us Yini Grallici, f ^iij. 
 Fiat linimentum, Signa. — To be rubbed between the shoulders. 
 In pertussis. 
 16 
 
242 LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 
 
 Liniment with Nux Vomica. 
 R. Tincturae Nucis Vomicae, f 3j. 
 
 Liquoris Ammoniae, f3ij. 
 Misce. 
 
 This is applied by friction in paralytic and nervons diseases. 
 
 Magendie. 
 
 Anti-psoric Lotion of Dupuytren. 
 
 R. Potassii Sulphureti, 3iv. 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 
 Acidi Sulphurici, f 5iv. 
 Misce. — To be applied two or three times a day on the parts 
 covered with pustules, and with this treatment the simple 
 bath is conjoined. 
 
 Lotion of Myrrh. 
 
 R. Tincturae Myrrhae, 
 
 Liquoris Calcis, aa f 3j. 
 Misce. 
 
 This lotion is recommended by Dr. Kirkland for removing 
 fungous flesh. 
 
 Compound Opiate Liniment. 
 
 R. Tincturae Opii, 
 
 Spiritiis ^Etheris Sulphurici, Ed. 
 
 Tincturae Camphorae, aa f^ij. 
 Fiat embrocatio. — To be applied to rheumatic parts. 
 
 Also, in odontalgia, pain in the region of the ear, &c. 
 
 Opiate Liniment. 
 R. Olei Olivae, f^ij. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, f3ij. 
 
 Liquoris Plumbi Subacetatis, f Sss. 
 Misce. 
 
 Embrocation of Acetate of Ammonia. 
 
 R. Ammoniae Carbonatis, 3ij. 
 
 Acidi Acetici, q. s. ad saturandum. 
 
 Alcoholis diluti, Ojss. 
 Mix the ammonia with the acid, and after effervescence ceases, 
 add the spirit. 
 
 In rheumatic affections ; or mixed with linseed meal, it may 
 be used as a poultice to chronic inflammations of the joints, &c. 
 
243 
 
 Compound Liniment of Petroleum. 
 
 R. Petrolei Barbadensis, f 5j. 
 Camphorae, Iss. 
 Alcoholis, gtt. xl. 
 Fiat linimentum. — Powder the camphor by adding the spirit, 
 and then mix the whole in a mortar. 
 
 Glycerin. 
 
 This principle, which is demulcent and antiseptic, forms a very 
 useful addition to lotions and gargles. It has been used ex- 
 tensively by Mr. Startin, surgeon to the London Cutaneous In- 
 stitution, and he has published several formulae for its employ- 
 ment. Two of them are subjoined. 
 
 Lotion with Borax and Glycerin. 
 
 R. Sodae Boratis, 3ss. ad 3j. 
 Aquae Eosae, f ^vijss. 
 Grlycerinae, f^ss. 
 Fiat mistura. 
 
 Used for chapped hands, fissures of the lips, and irritation of 
 the skin of any kind. 
 
 Lotion of Ammonia, Glycerin, &c. 
 
 R. Spiritus Ammonias Aromatici, f^j. 
 
 Glycerinae, f 5ss. 
 
 Tincturae Cantharidis, fjj. ad f 5ij. 
 
 1 Aquae Eosmarini, f^vij. 
 Misce. Signa. — To be used with a wet hair-brush once or twice 
 a day. 
 
 Employed for alopecia following fevers, or for falling off of 
 the hair, dryness or want of action of the scalp, thinness of the 
 hair, &c. Startin. 
 
 Solution of Tartar Emetic. 
 
 R. Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis, 9j. 
 
 Aquae destillatae, f§j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used to cleanse foul ulcers, and to repress fungous growths, 
 and venereal warts. Sir "W. Blizard. 
 
 1 When aromatic waters are prescribed, which are not officinal, the compounder 
 can readily prepare them by rubbing two drops of the essential oil, with a few 
 grains of carbonate of magnesia, and a fluidounce of water, and then filtering 
 the solution through bibulous paper. Editoe. 
 
244 LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, ETC. 
 
 Solution of Tannin. 
 
 R. Acidi Tannici, gr. v. 
 • Aquae destillatae, f 3j. 
 Fiat solutio. 
 
 Used for sore nipples, by applying it to the part on lint 
 covered with oiled silk. Druitt. 
 
 Lotion of Green Vitriol. 
 
 R. Ferri Sulphatis, Ij. 
 
 Aquae, Oj. 
 Fiat lotio. 
 
 Used in erysipelas, by applying it to the part every two or 
 three hours. Velpeau. 
 
 Lotion of Borax and Morphia. 
 
 R. Sodae Boratis, 3ss. 
 
 Morphias Sulphatis, gr. vj. 
 
 Aquae Eosae, f ivirj. 
 Fiat lotio. 
 
 Used in pruritus vulvae. "Wash the surfaces with soap and 
 tepid water, and dry them before applying the lotion, which is 
 to be done three times daily. C. D. Meigs. 
 
 Lotion of Hyposulphite of Soda, &c. 
 
 R. Sodae Hyposulphitis, 3j- ad ij. 
 Aluminae Sulphatis, 3j- ad ij. 
 Aquae Eosae, f ^vijss. 
 Fiat lotio. 
 
 To the above a tablespoonful of some flavoring ingredient, as 
 the Eau de Cologne, may be added. Used in acne by wash- 
 ing the part with a linen rag dipped in the solution twice 
 or thrice a day. Startin. 
 
 Laharraquds Disinfecting Liquid. 
 
 R. Liquor is Sodae Ohlorinatae, f 3ij. 
 
 This stimulant and antiseptic solution has been extensively 
 employed in low forms of disease, as typhus, scarlatina maligna, 
 &c. It is also used as a gargle, as an injection in coryza and 
 ozaena, and as a wash for various foul ulcers. As a gargle or 
 injection half a fluidram to an ounce of water, and as a wash 
 one or two fluidrams to the ounce, are about the proper pro- 
 portions. 
 
OINTMENTS. 245 
 
 E.— OINTMENTS. 
 
 Ointment of Red Precipitate. 
 
 B. Hydrargyri Oxidi Kubri, 3j. 
 
 Terebinthinae Yenetse, Ej. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 This preparation is applied to indolent sores, and is thought 
 by some practitioners to be a specific in itch. 
 
 Simple Iodine Ointment. 
 B. Iodinii, gr. iij. 
 
 Adipis, 5ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used as the preceding preparation. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 B. Potassii Iodidi, 3j. 
 
 Cerati Simplieis, 3j. 
 Fiat ceratnm. 
 
 Applied to scrofulous swellings, when the skin is unbroken. 
 It may also be used for tetter, and kindred eruptions. 
 
 LugoVs Ointment of loduretted Iodide of Potassium. 
 
 B. Todinii, gr. xij. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, 9iv. 
 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Used in scrofulous ophthalmia, ulcers, &c. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. 
 
 B. Zinci Iodidi, Jj. 
 
 Adipis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum. — A dram to be rubbed on twice a day. In 
 tumors. 
 
 Dr. Ure recommends the above as a substitute for the oint- 
 ment of iodide of potassium in glandular swellings. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Barium. 
 
 B. Barii Iodidi, gr. iv. 
 
 Adipis, Ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 For scrofulous swellings. Biett. 
 
246 OINTMENTS. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Iron. 
 R. Ferri Iodidi, 3iss. 
 
 Adipis, Sj. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 
 
 R. Sulphuris Iodidi, gr. xxv. 
 
 Adipis, ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. — In diseases of the skin. Magendie. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Arsenic. 
 
 R. Arsenici Iodidi, gr. iij. 
 
 Adipis, ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 In lepra, impetigo, and other cutaneous affections. Biett. 
 
 Ointment of Iodine and Calomel. 
 
 R. Iodinii, gr. x. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, gr. xv. 
 
 Adipis, 3j. 
 The iodine to be first united to the lard, and then the calomel 
 
 added. 
 
 MM. Planck and Soubeiran, by whom this ointment is pro- 
 posed, state that these are the only proportions that can be used, 
 without leading to decompositions that will defeat the inten- 
 tion. 
 
 Ointment of Iodide of Mercury, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Iodidi, gr. vj. 
 
 Morphise Acetatis, gr. viij. 
 
 Adipis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Eecommended by the French physicians in glandular swell- 
 ings. The morphia is supposed by them to prevent the un- 
 pleasant effects of iodine when used as an ointment. 
 
 Pelletan. 
 
 Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Iodidi Kubri, 9j. 
 
 Adipis, ijss. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Used to accelerate the cicatrization of inve- 
 terate venereal ulcers. 
 
 An ointment may be made in the same proportions of the 
 i> utiodide of mercury ; but should be used with more caution. 
 
OINTMENTS. 247 
 
 Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Iodidi Kubri, gr. xv. 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Olei Linionis, gtt. xx. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Employed as a curative application to syphilitic tubercles, 
 chronic ulceration, and other sequelae of venereal. Its great 
 activity requires caution in its use. Eatiek. 
 
 Ointment of Toduretted Iodide of Potassium with Opium. 
 
 R. Iodinii, gr. xyj. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, 5j. 
 
 Tinctures Opii, f3ij. 
 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Applied to scrofulous and other ulcers. 
 
 LUGOL. 
 
 Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Cyanureti, gr. xij. ad xvj. 
 
 Adipis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Used in herpes attended by inflammation 
 and itching. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment. 
 
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, 3j. 
 
 One dram of this ointment to be rubbed on the inside of the 
 thighs, before the fire. 
 
 Some physicians recommend the warm bath before using this 
 ointment, while others consider it useless. We think the prac- 
 tice occasionally beneficial. The hands of the person rubbing 
 it on should be enveloped in a bladder, or gloves made of oiled 
 silk. 
 
 Mercurial Ointment with Camphor. 
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, Ij. 
 
 Camphoras, 3j- 
 Misce. — To be employed as the former. 
 
 White Precipitate Ointment. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Ammoniati, gr, xv. 
 
 Potassae Nitratis, 3ss. 
 
 Sulphuris, 3j. 
 Bene terantur et adde — ■ 
 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 This ointment has long been celebrated in the cure of itch. 
 
248 OINTMENTS. 
 
 Anti-herpetic Ointment. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Sulphatis Flavi, 3j. 
 
 Tincturae Opii, fjj. 
 
 Sulphuris sublimati, 3ss. 
 
 Adipis, Hj. 
 Fiat unguentum. — In herpes, alternated with the simple water 
 bath. 
 
 Sulphur Ointment. 
 R. Adipis, Sbj. 
 
 Sulphuris sublimati, Hviij. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Used in friction, three to six drams at a 
 time. 
 
 Mercurial Cerate. 
 
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, Hi v. 
 
 Cerati Simplicis, Hx. 
 Fiat ceratum. — A dressing for venereal ulcers. Eatiee. 
 
 Ointment of Belladonna. 
 
 R. Extracti Belladonnas, 3ij. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, fHij. 
 
 Adipis, iij. 
 Misce. — Employed by M. Chaussier as a direct application to 
 the neck of the uterus, in cases of rigidity. Eatier. 
 
 Ointment of Alum, Calomel, &c. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 3ij. 
 
 Aluminis exsiccati, 
 
 Plumbi Oxidi Semivitrei, aa Hss. 
 
 Olei Terebinthinae, f3ij. 
 
 Unguenti Simplicis, Hiss. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 This ointment is particularly adapted to tinea capitis. It 
 should be applied every night going to bed, and washed off in 
 the morning: as soon as the child's head is dry, dust it over 
 with powdered starch, which, in the evening, is again to give 
 place to the ointment. The hair must be cut off previous to 
 the application of the ointment. 
 
 Ointment of Galls. 
 
 R. Pulveris Gallae, 3j- vel 3ij- 
 
 Adipis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum. — In hemorrhoidal affections. 
 
OINTMENTS. 249 
 
 Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. 
 
 R. Zinci Oxidi, Jj. 
 
 Butyri recentis, 3yj. 
 Fiat unguentum. — To be applied to the eyes in defluxions 
 arising from relaxation or slight inflammation of the lids. 
 
 Kentish? s Ointment. 
 
 R. Cerati Kesinse, pxj . 
 
 Olei Terebinthinse, f^ij. vel flss. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 This preparation has long been celebrated in burns and scalds. 
 Care is requisite to avoid touching the sound skin, for turpen- 
 tine occasionally inflames it severely. 
 
 Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. 
 
 R. Potassii Bromidi, gr. xxxiv. ad Jj. 
 
 Adipis, Ej. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Ointment with Goulard's Cerate, Calomel, &c. 
 
 R. Cerati Plumbi Subacetatis, 
 
 Simplicis, aa §ss. 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 
 
 Pulveris Opii, aa 3j. 
 Misce. — Useful in various cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Jos. Parrish. 
 
 Ointment of Rhubarb, Opium, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Khei, gr. x. 
 
 Opii, gr. v. 
 
 Unguenti Simplicis, Hjss. 
 Fiat unguentum. — In indolent ulcers. 
 
 Ointment of Tar, &c. 
 
 R. Unguenti Picis Liquidse, %]. 
 
 Hydrargyri Mtratis, Iss. 
 
 Fiat unguentum. — In tinea capitis. 
 
 Ointment of Tar and Opium. 
 
 R. Pulveris Opii, 3ij. 
 
 Unguenti Picis Liquids, 3j. 
 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 For hemorrhoids. 
 
250 OINTMENTS. 
 
 KirhlanoVs Neutral Cerate. 
 R. Emplastri Plumbi, iiv. 
 Olei Olivsa, 
 Cretse Prasparatas, 
 Acidi Acetici, aa §ij. 
 Plumbi Acetatis, 3jss. 
 The plaster and oil are first to be melted over a gentle fire. 
 The prepared chalk is then to be briskly stirred in, and 
 when the mixture is sufficiently cooled, the vinegar and 
 superacetate of lead are to be added, and the whole stirred 
 until nearly cold. 
 
 This cerate, which is not to be met with in the pharmaco- 
 poeia, is well adapted to abraded irritable surfaces, and the 
 later stages of burns. 
 
 Aromatic Sulphur Ointment. 
 
 R. Potassas Carbonatis, oSS. 
 
 Aquae Kosas, f 3j. 
 
 Hyclrargyri Sulphur eti Eubri, 5j. 
 
 Olei Bergamii, fiss. 
 
 Sulphuris sublimati et loti, 
 
 Adipis, aa 3x. 
 Misce secundum artem. — In scabies. Bateman's Synopsis. 
 
 Ointment ivith Carbonate of Ammonia, &c. 
 
 R. Ammonias Carbonatis, Jss. 
 
 Unguenti Simplicis, 3ss. 
 Fiat unguentum. — Applied to indolent ulcers of a scrofulous 
 character. 
 
 Ointment with Verdigris, &c. 
 
 R. Cupri Subacetatis, "j 
 
 Cupri Sulphatis, Vaa 3ij- 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxidi Eubri, J 
 
 Chloridi Corrosivi, 3j. 
 
 Adipis, q. s. 
 Ut fiat unguentum. 
 
 This may be spread on lint, and one or two applications 
 will be sufficient to destroy a very large mass of fungous 
 granulations. B. C. Brodie. 
 
OINTMENTS. 251 
 
 Ointment of Ipecacuanha. 
 
 B. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 3ij. 
 
 Olei Olivse, f5ij. 
 
 Adipis, 3ss. 
 Misce, et fiat unguentum. 
 
 Useful as a counter-irritant. Tuenbull. 
 
 Ointment of Calomel and Tar. 
 
 B. Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, 3j- 
 
 Unguenti Cetacei, Lond. 3j. 
 
 Picis Liquidse, 3ss. 
 
 Fiat unguentum. — Used in lepra. A. T. Thomson. 
 
 Ointment of Creasote and Charcoal. 
 
 R. Creasoti, f3ss. 
 
 Alcoholis, f3jss. 
 
 Carbonis Animalis purificati, 3j- 
 
 Unguenti Cetacei, Lond. 3jss. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used in cases of burns and scalds. " For children under five 
 years, the ointment should be weakened by mixing it with four 
 times its bulk of spermaceti ; for children from five to ten years, 
 with twice its bulk of spermaceti ; and so on, gradually increas- 
 ing the strength of the ointment according to the age of the 
 patient." S. Sutbo. 
 
 Oxide of Silver Ointment. 
 
 B. Argenti Oxidi, 3j- 
 
 Unguenti Simplicis, 3j. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used for sore nipples. 
 
 Ointment of Slaked Lime, Zinc, &c. 
 
 B. Calcis, 3j 
 
 Camphorse, 9j. 
 
 Unguenti Zinci Oxidi, ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 This is the " topique contre acne" of the 
 
 Hopital St. Louis. 
 
 Citrine Ointment. 
 B. Unguenti Hydrargyri Mtratis, 3j. 
 
252 OINTMENTS. 
 
 "When well prepared, this is one of our most efficient oint- 
 ments in a great variety of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Depilatory Ointment. 
 
 R. Sodae Carbonatis, 3ij. 
 
 Calcis, 3j- 
 
 Adipis, ij. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used in porrigo. Biett. 
 
 Veratria Ointment. 
 R. Yeratrise, gr. x. 
 
 Acidi Acetici, gtt. x. 
 
 Adipis, fj. 
 Fiat unguentum. » 
 
 Yeratria has been used externally in neuralgia, and with the 
 most marked success. 
 
 Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 R. Argenti Mtratis, 3ss. 
 
 Adipis loti, ^ss. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used to smear over bougies in the treatment of gonorrhoea. 
 
 Macdonald. 
 
 Ointment of Tannin. 
 R. Acidi Tannici, 3j- 
 
 Adipis loti, 3ss. 
 Fiat unguentum. 
 
 Used for the same purposes as the astringents generally. 
 
 Fronmuller. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 Sometimes the practitioner prefers dusting medicinal agents 
 directly upon diseased surfaces, instead of incorporating them 
 with lard in the form of an ointment. Hundreds of such for- 
 mulae might be given, but we limit our selection to two or 
 three. 
 
 Powder of Verdigris and Calomel. 
 
 R. Cupri Subacctatis, 
 
 Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, afi 9j. 
 Fiat pulvis subtilissimus.— For chancres and indolent ulcers. 
 
CATAPLASMS, ETC. 253 
 
 Powdered Rliubarh, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Khei, 
 
 Ipecacuanha, aa 3j- 
 
 Fiat pulvis. — To be dusted on sarcomatous and watery tumors. 
 
 Khubarb alone forms an excellent application to indolent 
 ulcers. 
 
 Powder of Savin, &c. 
 
 B. Pulveris Sabinse, 
 
 Cupri Subacetatis, aa 5j. 
 
 Fiat pulvis. — To be dusted on sores accompanied with fungous 
 excrescences. 
 
 P.— CATAPLASMS. 
 
 Cataplasm of Bread and Milk. 
 
 Eemove the crust from a part of a loaf of stale bread, and 
 crumble the bread into a bowl. Pour over it sufficient sweet 
 milk to cover it, and simmer over a fire, occasionally stirring, 
 until the bread is reduced to a pulpy consistence. The poultice 
 is to be applied as warm as the patient can bear it. 
 
 Water may be substituted for the milk without much if any 
 disadvantage. 
 
 Cataplasm of Flaxseed Meal and Bran. 
 
 Take equal parts of ground flaxseed and bran. Pour boiling 
 water upon them, and stir constantly until the poultice has a 
 pulpy consistence. 
 
 In the Northern and Middle States, it is customary to use the 
 common flaxseed meal, which contains both the oily and muci- 
 laginous principles ; but in New York city and some other 
 places, the ground oil-cake is preferred. Equal parts of the 
 latter and bran form an elegant poultice. 
 
 Mush Cataplasm. 
 
 This is made by stirring Indian meal, in small quantities, into 
 water kept boiling in a pan, until the whole has acquired the 
 proper degree of consistence. 
 
254 
 
 Cataplasm of Yeast. 
 
 R. Farinas, Ed. rbj. 
 
 Cerevisias Fermenti, Lond. Oss. 
 
 Misce. — This cataplasm is useful in stimulating foul ulcers and 
 gangrenous wounds, and removing the unpleasant odor. It 
 should be made with fresh yeast, and applied warm. 
 
 Cataplasm of Charcoal. 
 
 This cataplasm is made by stirring into the common bread and 
 milk poultice as much finely powdered charcoal as it will bear. 
 It is a very useful application to offensive ulcers ; removing in 
 a short time the fetor, and giving them a more healthy aspect. 
 
 Cataplasms of Slippery Elm. 
 
 This poultice is made from the inner bark of the slippery 
 elm ground into a fine powder, and moistened with hot water. 
 
 Cataplasms are also made of carrots or turnips, by simply 
 boiling them to softness, and beating them to a pulpy mass. 
 Either furnishes a good poultice for cancerous and other painful 
 sores. 
 
 Emollient Cataplasm. 
 
 R. Farinas Seminum Lini, 
 
 Hordei, aa partes asquales. 
 
 Aquas, vel Lactis, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. 
 The milk or water may be warmed if desirable. Applied to 
 inflammatory tumors. 
 
 Antiseptic Cataplasm. 
 
 R. Cataplasmatis Emollientis, Sviij. 
 
 Pulveris Kino, 
 
 Camphorae, aa 3ij. 
 
 Fiat cataplasma. — Applied to unhealthy wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Hotel Dieu. 
 
 Resolvent Cataplasm. 
 
 U. Cataplasmatis Emollientis, 3iv. 
 
 Plumbi Acetatis, 5j. 
 
 Ammonias Muriatis, 3ss. 
 Fiat cataplasma. — Applicable to tumors that require gentle ex- 
 citement. Batter's Formulary. 
 
BATHS. 255 
 
 Cataplasm of Common Salt, &c. 
 
 R. Pulveris Lini, 
 
 Micse Panis, aa partes aequales. 
 
 Liquoris Sodii Chloridi saturati, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. 
 To be applied to indolent strumous swellings, and enlargements 
 of the joints. When it produces irritation or inflammation, 
 the common bread and milk poultice must be substituted; and 
 the other reapplied when circumstances permit. 
 
 Iodine Cataplasm. 
 
 R. Tincturse Iodinii, f^ss. 
 
 Pulveris Lini, gj. 
 
 Avenae Farinas, §iij. 
 
 Aquae q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. 
 Applied to indolent ulcers (especially those of a scrofulous cha- 
 racter), and to tumors of the same class. 
 
 G.— B A T H S . 
 
 The ordinary application of cold, tepid, and shower baths, is 
 too well known to require any particular notice. The hot bath 
 should be of a temperature of 93 to 96 degrees of Fahrenheit. 
 It is designed to alleviate general or local irritation, and to in- 
 duce repose and sleep. It is especially adapted to fevers with 
 deficient capillary circulation, rheumatism, herpetic eruptions, 
 paralytic affections, &c. The lower temperature is best adapted 
 to cutaneous complaints, and to bring on relaxation of the skin 
 during febrile irritation ; the warmer temperature is suited to 
 paralysis ; and, as a general rule, more heat is desirable to act 
 upon deep-seated than on superficial diseases. 
 
 Vapor Baths are produced by the evaporation of boiling 
 water in a suitable apparatus. They are used, like ordinary 
 warm baths, in rheumatic and cutaneous affections, and in every 
 case wherein profuse perspiration is desirable. They are avoided 
 in persons laboring under pulmonary or cardiac disease, and in 
 exhaustion from any cause. 
 
 Local Baths are admirably adapted to parts which are swelled 
 and painful, and may consist of tepid water only, or their strength 
 may be increased by the addition of saline, emollient, narcotic, 
 or stimulant substances. Among these salt and mustard are 
 preferable. 
 
256 BATHS. 
 
 Sulphurous Water, or Artificial Bareges Bath. 
 
 R. Potassii Sulphureti, Ibj. 
 
 Aquae, cong. xxx. 
 Mix for a bath. In cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Sulphur eo- gelatinous Bath. 
 
 R. Potassii Sulphureti, 3ij. vel 3iv. 
 Aquae, cong. xxx. 
 
 Add to this solution, 
 
 Ichthyocollae, Ibj. vel Ibij. in Aquae bullientis solutae Bbx. 
 
 This bath, according to Dr. Green {Diseases of the Shin, p. 240), 
 " is preferable to the artificial Bareges bath, as it is neither 
 irritating nor apt to occasion feverishness, which the common 
 sulphureous water -bath is. A cheaper and not less efficacious 
 gelatine may be procured by dissolving from a pound and a 
 half to two pounds of parchment-clippings in water by long 
 boiling, or by using a neat's or a calf's foot for the purpose." 
 
 Emollient Bath. 
 
 To an ordinary tepid water-bath, add a large cupful of thick 
 gruel or paste, and mix it well with the water. These baths 
 are suited to prurigo, eczema, lichen, and impetigo. 
 
 Nitro-muriatic Acid Bath. 
 
 R. Acidi Nitrici, f^iij. 
 
 Muriatici, f^j. 
 
 Mix, and add to the water of a tepid bath, which should then 
 be about as sour as distilled vinegar. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate Bath. 
 
 R. Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi, 3ij- 
 Aquae tepidae, cong. xxx. 
 
 Mix for a bath. Prescribed by the French physicians in syphi- 
 litic affections, when it is desirable to avoid the action of the 
 medicine on the stomach. This plan is seldom resorted to, 
 on account of the great risk of employing corrosive sublimate 
 in such large quantity. 
 
 AUcaline Bath. 
 
 R. Potassae Carbonatis, 3iv. vel Sviij. 
 
 Aqna3 tepidae, cong. xxx. 
 Mix for a bath. For promoting desquamation from the skin, 
 and to allay itching in various forms of prurigo. 
 
FOMENTATIONS. 257 
 
 Ioduretted Baths. 
 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
 R. Iodinii, 3ij. 3iij. 3jv. 
 
 Potassii Iodidi, 5iv. 3 v. 3viij. 
 
 Aquas destillatas, f 3yj. f 3yj. f^yj. 
 Fiant solutiones. 
 
 One of these solutions, according to the strength required, is 
 added to a tepid bath in a wooden tub. For children, the drams 
 may be changed for scruples. Used in scrofula. 
 
 Artificial Harroivgate Bath. 
 
 R. Sodii Chloridi, Sbij. 
 
 Magnesias Sulphatis, 3iij. 
 
 Potassii Sulphureti, flbj. 
 
 Aquas, cong. xxx. 
 Mix for a bath. 
 
 H.— F OMENTATIONS. 
 
 Fomentation is a yet more restricted mode of applying fluids 
 to the surface of the body, and is best accomplished by means 
 of a sponge, flannel, or soft cloth. To be efficacious it should 
 be often repeated, and not allowed to get cold. 
 
 Stimulant Fomentation. 
 
 R. Yini Eubri, Oij. 
 
 Mellis, ^iv. 
 Misce. — This is an active fomentation, adapted to parts in a low 
 state of vitality. Eatier. 
 
 Saponaceous Fomentation, 
 
 R. Alcoholis, Oij. 
 
 Saponis, Ij. 
 Misce. — A resolvent in indolent tumors and in sprains. 
 
 Eatier. 
 
 Narcotic Fomentation. 
 
 R. Opii, 3ij. 
 
 Aquas, Oj. 
 Solve. — For painful affections of the joints, as chronic rheuma- 
 tism, &c. Eatiek. 
 
 17 
 
258 FUMIGATIONS. 
 
 Narcotic Fomentation. 
 R. Dulcamaras, 3ij. 
 
 Capsularum Papaveris, 3ij. 
 Aquae ferventis, Oj. 
 Fiat infusum. — Employed as a soothing application to irritable 
 surfaces. 
 
 Mustard Fomentation. 
 R. Farinas Sinapis, 3iv. 
 Aquae ferventis, Oj. 
 Misce. — By wetting cloths in this fluid and applying them to 
 the skin, irritation may be prolonged to any requisite degree. 
 
 Tobacco Fomentation. 
 R. Tabaci, 3ij. 
 
 Aquae ferventis, Oj. 
 Misce. — Employed in psora, but is apt to produce nausea and 
 vomiting. Its use requires great care. 
 
 I.— F UMIGATIONS. 
 
 Fumigations are for the most part used to purify infected air 
 by absorbing or otherwise counteracting deleterious gases. 
 They are also employed in diseases of the skin, and may be 
 sometimes substituted for a local bath. The ordinary process 
 for fumigating apartments with chlorine, has been already 
 described. (Page 109.) 
 
 Fumigations of sulphur, cinnabar, and mercury, are also in 
 common use for medicinal purposes, and are readily applied 
 with a proper apparatus. 
 
 Fumigating Powders. 
 R. Sulphur is, £iij. 
 
 Hydrargyri Sulphureti Rubri, 9ij. 
 
 Iodinii, gr. x. 
 Fiant pulveres vj. 
 
 One of the powders to be used in the following manner: "If 
 the disease is seated on the limbs, a tin case, or even a common 
 jar, should be procured. A heated iron is to be placed at the 
 bottom of this apparatus, with a grating above it to protect the 
 foot or hand. One of the powders being placed on this heated 
 iron, the limb is to be instantly put into the bath, the top of 
 which should be covered over, to prevent the vapor from es- 
 caping. The limb may be continued in the bath for from 
 fifteen to twenty minutes, according to circumstances." Used 
 in lepra, T. II. Burgess. 
 
BOOK III. 
 
 OF 
 
 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, AND POISONS. 
 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 The importance of an acquaintance with those preparations 
 of diet peculiarly designed for the patient during disease and 
 convalescence, is so obvious that it requires little or no com- 
 ment. It was remarked by the late Dr. Eush in his lectures, 
 that a physician should spend six months in a kitchen before 
 entering upon his practical career. As the medical attendant, 
 therefore, is called upon frequently to give directions and rules 
 for preparing the diet for the sick, we have inserted a few for- 
 mulae for those articles which are in daily use. However ap- 
 parently trifling such a class may appear to some persons, the 
 physician will find that an attention to it will place the patient 
 more completely under his own control, and inspire greater 
 confidence in the relations and attendants. The rules to be ob- 
 served in giving nourishment to the sick, will generally present 
 themselves ; but there is one in particular which should not be 
 overlooked. In all low diseases, the nurse should be directed 
 never to give too much at once, but frequently to repeat a small 
 proportion. The lapse of a very short time without food, will 
 frequently, in cases of great prostration, reduce the patient very 
 low, and may endanger his life. 
 
 The rule is not inteuded to be applied to those chronic de- 
 rangements of the digestive functions, which are to be remedied 
 principally by a regulation of diet, and in which the old adage, 
 " a little and often," has too frequently, we are convinced, been 
 perniciously advised. 
 
 Decoction of Barley ; or, Barley Water. 
 Take of 
 
 Pearl Barley, 2 ounces, 
 
 Boiling Water 2 quarts. 
 
 Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. 
 Then boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor. A little 
 lemon-juice and sugar may be added if desirable. To be 
 taken ad libitum in inflammatory diseases. 
 
262 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Rice Water. 
 Take of 
 
 Kice, .... .... 2 ounces, 
 
 Let it be well washed, and add to it — 
 
 Water, .2 quarts. 
 
 Boil it for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutmeg 
 as much as may be required. To be taken ad libitum. 
 
 Eice, when boiled for a , considerable time, assumes a gelati- 
 nous form, and, mixed with milk, is a very excellent diet for 
 children. It possesses in some measure a constipating property, 
 which may be increased by boiling the milk. 
 
 Infusion of Flaxseed. 
 As under Expectorants. (Page 104.) 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 
 
 As an article of diet, the proper proportions are an ounce of 
 Gum Arabic to a pint of boiling water. The solution is allowed 
 to cool before it is used. Grum Arabic is very nutritive, and 
 life can be sustained on it alone for some time. 
 
 Decoction of Bran. 
 Take of 
 
 Fresh Wheat Bran, 1 pint, 
 
 Water, 3 quarts. 
 
 Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar, honey, 
 or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. 
 
 Bran tea may be made by using boiling water, and suffering 
 the mixture to stand in a covered vessel for three or four hours. 
 
 Sage Tea. 
 Take of 
 
 The dried Leaves of Sage, .... half an ounce, 
 
 Boiling Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Infuse for half an hour, and then strain. Sugar and lemon- 
 juice may be added in the proportion required by the patient. 
 In the same manner may be made balm and other teas. 
 
 These infusions form very agreeable and useful drinks in 
 fever, and their diaphoretic powers may be increased by the 
 addition of sweet spirits of nitre or antimonial wine. 
 
 Infusion of Malt. 
 Take of 
 
 Ground Malt, ....... 1 pint, 
 
 Scalding Water, 3 pints. 
 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 263 
 
 Infuse for two hours, and strain off the liqnor, to which may 
 be added sugar or lemon -j nice, if required. 
 
 This was a favorite preparation with the late Dr. Jos. Parrish, 
 in inflammatory fevers. 
 
 Lemonade. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Fresh Lemon Juice, 4 onnces, 
 
 Fresh and very thin Peel of Lemon, . half an ounce, 
 
 White Sugar, 4 ounces, 
 
 Boiling Water, 3 pints. 
 
 Let them stand until cold, then strain off for use. When em- 
 ployed in fevers, a little nitrate of potash or sweet spirits of 
 nitre may be added. It can be farther diluted to the taste of 
 the patient. 
 
 This preparation, when freely taken, sometimes produces pain 
 in the bowels. It must therefore be used with some reserve as 
 a daily drink. 
 
 Water Gruel. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Oatmeal, 2 ounces, 
 
 Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Boil for ten or fifteen minutes and strain, adding sugar and salt 
 to make it agreeable. 
 
 Milk for Infants. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Cow's Milk, 1 part, 
 
 Water, ........ 2 parts. 
 
 Loaf Sugar as much as may be agreeable. 
 
 It is necessary, when children are to be raised by the hand, 
 to dilute the milk. These proportions may be altered as the 
 child advances in age. The object is to make a diet as near the 
 qualities of the maternal milk as possible. 
 
 Rice Gruel. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Ground Eice, 1 ounce, 
 
 Cinnamon, . . .1 dram, 
 
 Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the conclusion. 
 Strain and sweeten. Wine may be added if necessary. 
 
264 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Panado. 
 Take of 
 
 Wheat Bread, 1 ounce, 
 
 Cinnamon, 1 dram, 
 
 Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Boil them until well mixed, then add a little grated nutmeg and 
 sugar. Wine or butter may also be added if desirable. 
 
 Compound Salep Powders. 
 
 B. Salep, 
 
 Tras;acantk, 
 Sago, of each §iv. 
 Cochineal, 3ss. 
 Prepared Oyster-shells, Ij. 
 To be carefully mixed and divided into powders of 3j- each. Stir 
 one of these powders into a pint of milk, and boil them to- 
 gether for ten or fifteen minutes. To be drank freely in 
 dysentery and diarrhoea. 
 
 These are the dysenteric powders of Dr. Castanello. A some- 
 what analogous preparation which bears the same name, is pre- 
 pared as follows : — 
 
 R. Gum Arabic, 
 Tragacanth, 
 Arrowroot, 
 Sago, 
 
 Tapioca, of each 3ij. 
 Mix them well together, and boil in a pint of milk, flavored 
 with nutmeg or cinnamon. Used as a diet in dysentery, 
 diarrhoea, &c. &c. 
 
 Sago. 
 Take of 
 
 Sago, 2 tablespoonfuls, 
 
 Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Boil gently until it thickens, frequently stirring. Wine, sugar, 
 and nutmeg may be added according to circumstances. 
 
 Tapioca Jelly. 
 Take of 
 
 Tapioca, 2 tablespoonfuls, 
 
 "Water, 1 pint. 
 
 Boil it gently for an hour, or until it assumes a jelly-like ap- 
 pearance. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon-juice, 
 to suit the taste of the patient and the nature of the case. 
 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 265 
 
 Jelly of Carrageen, or Irish Moss. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Carrageen, half an ounce, 
 
 Fresh Milk, .a pint and a half. 
 
 Boil them down to a pint; remove any sediment by filtering or 
 otherwise, and then add the requisite quantity of sugar, with 
 lemon-juice, or peach water, to give it an agreeable flavor. 
 To be used freely. 
 
 The moss, before being used, should be well washed in cold 
 water to remove its saline taste. 
 
 Arrowroot. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Arrowroot, 1 tablespoonful, 
 
 Sweet Milk, , half a pint, 
 
 Boiling Water, half a pint. 
 
 Boil them a few moments over the fire. 
 
 Sweetened with loaf sugar, it is one of the best aliments for 
 children, especially when the bowels are irritable. 
 
 The farinaceous substance called Carina is prepared by simply 
 boiling in milk, and adding sugar. 
 
 [Arrowroot is better prepared in the following manner : — 
 Take of 
 
 Arrowroot, . . . . .1 large tablespoonful, 
 Cold Water, ..... sufficient, 
 Boiling Water, .... half a pint. 
 Mix the arrowroot with just sufficient cold water to soften the 
 lumps, then pour on the boiling water, and stir continually 
 until the solution is gelatinous and transparent. Sweeten to 
 the taste. Editor.] 
 
 Boiled Flour. 
 Take of 
 
 Fine Flour, a pound. 
 
 Tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible, and after frequently 
 dipping it in cold water, dredge the outside with flour till a 
 crust is formed round it, which will prevent the water soak- 
 ing into it while boiling. It is then boiled until it becomes 
 a hard, dry mass. 
 
 Two or three spoonfuls of this may be grated and prepared 
 in the same manner as arrowroot, for which it forms an ex- 
 cellent substitute. 
 
266 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Vegetable Soap. 
 
 Take one turnip, one potato, one onion. Let them be sliced, 
 and boiled in one quart of water for an hour. Add as much 
 salt as is agreeable, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry 
 
 toast. 
 
 This preparation forms an agreeable substitute for animal 
 food, and may be given when the latter is inadmissible. 
 
 Chocolate. 
 
 Chocolate should be suffered to stand until cold, after having 
 been made in the usual way. The oily parts thus collect on 
 the surface and should be taken off. The liquid should then 
 be boiled again, and sugar, &c. added. 
 
 Beef Tea. 
 Take of 
 
 Lean Beef, cut into shreds, .... 1 pound, 
 Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After 
 it grows cold, strain the liquor. 
 
 This preparation is more nourishing than ordinary broths, 
 and very palatable. 
 
 Another Plan for Beef Tea. 
 
 "One pound of lean beef, free of fat, and separated from the 
 bones in the finely chopped state in which it is used for mince 
 meat, is uniformly mixed with its own weight of cold water 
 slowly heated to boiling, and the liquid, after boiling briskly 
 for a minute or two, is strained through a towel, from the 
 coagulated albumen and flbrine, now become hard and horny. 
 Thus we obtain an equal weight of the most aromatic soup, 
 of such strength as cannot be obtained even by boiling for 
 hours from a piece of flesh." This is to be seasoned to taste. 
 
 Dr. Bejsteke. 
 
 Essence of Beef. 
 Take of 
 
 Lean Beef, sliced, 1 pound. 
 
 Put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill up its body, 
 cork it loosely and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching 
 the neck by means of a string to the handle of the vessel. 
 Boil this for an hour and a half or two hours, then decant the 
 liquor and skim it. 
 
DIETETIC PKEPAKATIONS. 267 
 
 To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, 
 &c, according to the taste of the patient and nature of the dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Hartshorn Jelly. 
 Take of 
 
 Hartshorn Shavings, 4 ounces, 
 
 Water, 1 quart. 
 
 Boil over a gentle fire until one pint of the water be dissipated. 
 Strain, and add lemon-juice, sugar, and wine. 
 
 . This forms, either with or without the last-named ingredients, 
 a very nourishing diet for convalescents ; and, when mixed with 
 an equal portion of milk, is well adapted to the bowel complaints 
 of children. 
 
 Isinglass or fish glue may be used instead of the hartshorn 
 shavings, if preferred. 
 
 Golfs Feet Jelly. 
 
 Take two calves' feet and add to them one gallon of water, which 
 reduce by boiling to one quart. Strain it, and when cold; 
 skim the fat entirely off. Add to this the white of six or 
 eight eggs well beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf 
 sugar and the juice of four lemons, and let them be well 
 mixed. Boil the whole for a few minutes, stirring constantly, 
 and then pass it through a flannel strainer. 
 
 This forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and 
 convalescent. The wine may be omitted or added at option. 
 
 Chicken Water. 
 
 Take half a chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones ; 
 add to this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. 
 Season with salt. 
 
 This water is directed by some physicians in the early stages 
 of cholera. Taken warm it promotes vomiting and washes out 
 the stomach. 
 
 Suet Ptisan. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Sheep's Suet, 2 ounces, 
 
 Milk, 1 pint, 
 
 Starch, half an ounce. 
 
 Boil slowly for half an hour. 
 
 This may be used as a common drink in dysentery. 
 
268 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
 
 Mucilage of Starch,. &c. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Starch, 1 ounce, 
 
 Powdered Cinnamon, 1 dram, 
 
 Gum Arabic, 1 ounce, 
 
 Boiling Water, . . . ■ . . .3 pints. 
 
 Boil until reduced one-third, and strain. 
 
 The above may be taken for a common drink in dysentery. 
 
 Wine and Mustard Whey. 
 As under Stimulants. (Page 131.) 
 
 Rennet Whey. 
 Take of 
 
 New Milk, 1 quart, 
 
 Eennet, a large spoonful. 
 
 Heat the milk and then add the rennet. Boil until the curd 
 separates and is all taken off. 
 
 To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutriment. 
 
 Vinegar Whey. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Milk, 1 pint, 
 
 "Vinegar, half an ounce. 
 
 Boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd. 
 
 Tartar Whey. 
 
 Take of 
 
 Milk, 1 quart, 
 
 Cream of Tartar, half an ounce. 
 
 Boil until the curd separates. 
 
OF POISONS 
 
 Cases of poisoning are so sudden and so awful that no time 
 is to be lost in administering relief. To do this with judgment 
 and effect, it is requisite to be familiar with all the usual anti- 
 dotes ; and of these, we have accordingly selected some which 
 possess an acknowledged efficacy, omitting at the same time 
 many others that are unworthy of confidence. For the purpose 
 of convenience we have arranged the Poisons alphabetically, 
 with the appropriate antidotes attached to each. But, as has 
 been remarked when speaking of Emetics, our chief reliance in 
 these cases is upon free vomiting, induced by those articles 
 which are most speedy in their effect. Dr. Beck prefers sul- 
 phate of zinc, whenever it can be procured, and adds, " but if 
 vomiting be present, we may aid it by diluents or a vegetable 
 emetic. Tartrate of antimony should never be given." Yet, 
 even from this treatment, little can be expected when the dele- 
 terious substance has remained long in the stomach ; and the 
 stomach-tube and syringe will be indispensable. 
 
 To protect the stomach and intestines from the direct opera- 
 tion of poisons, it is generally recommended to give milk, lime- 
 water, soap, or drinks sweetened with sugar or honey. Oils 
 and other fatty substances are found to be injurious. 
 
 When the vomiting has ceased, and retching and pain con- 
 tinue, Mr. Hume advises the free administration of carbonate 
 of magnesia with tincture of opium, suspended in water. 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Large quantities of alcoholic liquors, taken by persons unac- 
 customed to their use, often produce fatal effects. 
 
 The treatment in such cases is to evacuate the stomach as 
 soon as possible ; but from the rapidity of absorption this may 
 not always be effectual. The patient must be kept roused and 
 
270 OF POISONS. 
 
 cold affusion plentifully used. Large draughts of tea or coffee 
 ought to be taken until the stomach is thoroughly evacuated. 
 
 ALKALIES. 
 
 Ammonia, potash, soda, and their carbonates, are seldom taken 
 in poisonous quantities ; when it so happens, the best antidote 
 is common vinegar ; it is always at hand, and its affinity for 
 these substances is sufficiently strong to neutralize them. Also, 
 a fixed oil, as olive oil, should be given in large quantity — seve- 
 ral pounds being required where a large portion of the alkali 
 has been taken ; it acts by rendering the vomiting easy and 
 free, and partly by converting the alkali into a soap. 
 
 ANTIMONY. 
 
 The preparation of this mineral by which poisoning is com- 
 monly produced is tartar emetic. This of itself produces violent 
 vomiting, and therefore our first efforts should be directed to 
 keeping up the emesis by means of mild diluents and mucila- 
 ginous preparations. Its antidotes are the alkalies, tannin, 
 bitter and astringent infusions, such as common tea, Peruvian 
 bark, especially the yellow bark and its decoction — the admi- 
 nistration of galls in powder, &c. &c. These decompose the 
 antimonial salt. When the vomiting is excessive, opium by 
 injection will assist in allaying it. 
 
 AESBNIC. 
 
 Until lately, there has been no known antidote to this dead]y 
 poison, and our sole dependence has been upon mild diluents, 
 albumen (such as the whites of eggs suspended in milk) or 
 warm water and sugar. Yarious substances have been pro- 
 posed as antidotes, but without success. It is best first (if 
 vomiting has been delayed) to give an emetic of the sulphate 
 of zinc, and milk should be drunk liberally both before and 
 after vomiting has begun. The patient should never be al- 
 lowed to exhaust his strength in retching, without some milk 
 or other fluid in his stomach to act on. 
 
 The iiydrated peroxide of iron, freshly prepared, was 
 announced in the year 1834, by Dr. Bunsen, of Gottingen, as 
 an antidote for poisoning by arsenic ; and its efficacy has been 
 confirmed by MM. Orfila, Lesueur, Soubeiran, and Miguel, and 
 also in this city by various chemists, and by experiments upon 
 the inferior animals. The antidote is now officinal, and should 
 always be kept on hand. 
 
OF POISONS. 271 
 
 The following direction will enable the most ignorant person 
 to make use of this antidote until medical advice can be obtained. 
 It must be administered as soon as possible after the discovery 
 that arsenic has been taken, and as it causes no bad effect itself, 
 should be given eveky five or ten minutes, until entire 
 relief is obtained. It is said that twelve parts of it are neces- 
 sary to neutralize one of arsenic. The dose for a grown person 
 is a tablespoonful ; for children a teaspoonful. The bottle to 
 
 BE WELL SHAKEN BEFORE EACH DOSE. IN CASES OF EMERGENCY, 
 IT MAY BE PREPARED BY SIMPLY PRECIPITATING THE MURIATED 
 
 tincture of iron by ammonia, and washing the precipitate. 
 
 _ Should the patient survive (and the probability is in his favor 
 if the antidote be faithfully given), the inflammatory symptoms 
 must be combated on the general principles for treating inflam- 
 mation. The diet should consist exclusively of milk, gruel, 
 cream, rice, and similar bland articles. 
 
 In a case of poisoning in this city, where half an ounce of the 
 powdered arsenic had been taken and was followed by extreme 
 thirst and vomiting, all the symptoms were allayed by freely 
 taking the hydrated peroxide of iron. Only a slight gastritis 
 followed, which was readily subdued. The oxide forms with 
 the arsenious acid a proto-arseniate of iron. 
 
 In place of the hydrated oxide, the rust of iron and precipi- 
 tated carbonate should be resorted to in cases of emergency, 
 possessing as they do, to a certain extent, the power of antidotes. 
 Magnesia in large doses acts also as an antidote, and in several 
 cases lately reported was used with complete success. 
 
 When the poison has been taken in the form of Fowler's so- 
 lution, Dr. Dunglison recommends copious draughts of lime- 
 water to be used. 
 
 BARYTA. 
 
 The carbonate and muriate of this earth are poisonous, and 
 the latter has been taken by mistake for Glauber's salts. In 
 cases of poisoning with the carbonate, the alkaline sulphates 
 should be given with a mixture of vinegar, and resort had to 
 the stomach pump and emetics. The true antidote is sulphate 
 of magnesia or soda ; with these a sulphate of baryta is formed, 
 which is perfectly insoluble, and may be brought off by emetics 
 and copious diluents, oleaginous or albuminous. 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 The sulphate (blue vitriol), and subacetate (verdigris), are the 
 salts of this metal from which poisoning most frequently re- 
 
272 of poisons. 
 
 suits ; the latter often from the careless use of culinary vessels 
 or mineral water fountains. Producing violent emesis, this should 
 be encouraged, by the free use of tepid water, milk, and muci- 
 lages. 
 
 According to Orfila, albumen in the form of white of eggs is 
 the best antidote, and sugar, formerly in much repute, acts only 
 as an emollient. In the absence of eggs, milk or wheaten flour 
 should be employed. Yinegar in all cases must be avoided. 
 The French physicians have tried iron-filings, in consequence 
 of the power possessed by this metal of reducing the salts of 
 copper; and the results they obtained, in some experiments 
 performed on animals, are such as to justify considerable con- 
 fidence in the antidote. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 The nitro-muriate of gold is a powerful poison. Its antidotes 
 are sulphate of iron (which throws down the gold in a metallic 
 state), the free use of mucilaginous drinks, and albuminous sub- 
 stances. 
 
 IODINE AND IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
 
 Ten or twenty grains of Iodine sometimes, though not 
 always, produce constriction of the fauces, nausea, vomiting, and 
 severe colic pain'. The supposed antidote for these preparations 
 is starch freely given, or, what answers the same purpose, flour 
 mixed with water. Magnesia is also recommended. 
 
 LAUDANUM. 
 
 Laudanum, when taken in large quantity, must be withdrawn 
 from the stomach by active emetics, or by tickling the fauces. 
 The stomach-tube should then be used to remove whatever re- 
 mains of the poison. The free use of vegetable astringents and 
 strong coffee will then be serviceable. An important part of 
 the after treatment is the maintenance of artificial respiration, 
 besides which active stimulants are often required. Iodine, 
 bromine, and chlorine are stated by M. Donnd, of Paris, to be 
 antidotes for poisoning by nux vomica and opium. M. Orfila 
 thinks that the decoction of galls may with propriety be used as 
 an imperfect antidote, until the narcotic can be evacuated from 
 the stomach. 
 
of poisons. 273 
 
 LEAD 
 
 ' The acetate is the only preparation which is resorted to as a 
 poison. The sulphate of magnesia or soda is its true antidote, 
 as it converts the poison into a sulphate, which is inert ; also the 
 alkaline carbonates and particularly the bicarbonates. Phos- 
 phate of soda is also a good antidote. If the patient does not 
 vomit, give an emetic of the sulphate of zinc, which will not 
 only empty the stomach, but convert any remaining soluble 
 lead into an insoluble sulphate. 
 
 Milk or albumen should also be given in large quantities, as 
 it has been found that the albuminous principle of milk is a very 
 effectual precipitant of the oxide of lead ; a compound which, 
 though not entirely inert, is far less active than the acetate, and 
 tends to prevent the action of the poison as a corrosive on the 
 stomach. 
 
 MEKCUKY. 
 
 All the preparations of this metal are poisonous, and corro- 
 sive sublimate in particular. Our chief and only dependence, 
 according to M. Orfila, is upon the albumen of eggs, copiously 
 swallowed, or introduced through the stomach tube, which should 
 be resorted to when the patient cannot swallow or vomit. Ene- 
 mata of the same should also be used. 
 
 If the albumen be taken in sufficient quantities, it decomposes 
 the sublimate, forming a triple compound of albumen, muriatic 
 acid, and calomel. If the remedy excites fresh vomiting, so 
 much the better, and if symptoms of gastritis appear, they are to 
 be treated in the usual way. M. Orfila has also established that 
 a fatal dose of corrosive sublimate may be swallowed by animals 
 with impunity, provided the white of egg, or any other kind of 
 fluid albumen, be introduced shortly before or after into the 
 stomach. Cases are also upon record which establish that it 
 possesses an equal efficacy in man. 
 
 The gluten of wheat flour is also strongly recommended on 
 the same principle as an antidote to corrosive sublimate. To 
 administer it, nothing more is requisite than to mix the flour 
 with water. The quantity taken must be very considerable. 
 It is said to reduce the muriate to the state of calomel. 
 
 Gluten of wheat flour is also given in the form of an emul- 
 sion with soft soap, by mixing partly in a mortar and partly 
 with the hand, 5 or 6 parts of fresh gluten with 50 parts of 
 soft soap. 
 
 "When neither albumen nor gluten is at hand, milk forms a 
 good substitute. 
 18 
 
274 of poisons. 
 
 The only other antidotes deserving of mention here are iron 
 filings, meconic acid, and the hydrated proto-sulphuret of iron. 
 The former was ^recommended by Dumas, and must obviously 
 operate by bringing the mercury to the metallic state. The me- 
 conic acid, particularly when combined with an alkaline base, 
 affords, with corrosive sublimate, an insoluble and inert perme- 
 conate of mercury. The meconates of the ordinary alkalies, 
 however, can scarcely be obtained in sufficient quantity to be 
 applied to such a purpose ; and from the smallness of the satu- 
 rating power of meconic acid, it would be hazardous to admi- 
 nister the quantity of opium which would be adequate to the 
 decomposition of a few grains of corrosive sublimate, inasmuch 
 as the muriate of morphia, which would be contemporaneously 
 formed, is a narcotic medicine of very considerable energy. 
 [The hydrated proto-sulphuret of iron was proposed by Mialhe, 
 and confirmed by Orfila, who says that, if it be taken immedi- 
 ately after the ingestion of the poison, it completely destroys 
 the poisonous quality of corrosive sublimate.] 
 
 MINERAL ACIDS. 
 
 The first, because the most ready method of counteracting 
 the action of the mineral acids, is the copious use of water, 
 warm or cold, milk, oil, or mucilage, which, by simply diluting 
 them, renders them less acrid, and at the same time assists the 
 stomach in rejecting them. This course should be followed 
 until the proper antidotes are prepared. These are the alkalies, 
 alkaline earths and soaps; common pearlash or carbonate of 
 potash ; carbonate of magnesia ; chalk ; and soap in solution. 
 Calcined magnesia, though advised by some authors, is objec- 
 tionable, inasmuch as the rapidity with which it would combine 
 with acid in the stomach, might alone produce inflammation 
 of that organ. 
 
 The smallest quantity of nitric acid which is known to have 
 destroyed life is two drams ; the smallest fatal dose of muriatic 
 acjd, was one ounce. 
 
 NARCOTICS. 
 
 The remedies employed in all cases of poisoning from this 
 class of substances, are nearly the same, viz. the most active 
 emetics, as sulphate of zinc in large doses, alum and ipecacu- 
 anha. In all cases where it is possible, the stomach-tube should 
 be employed. After these evacuations, strong decoctions of 
 coffee or the vegetable astringents, with cold affusion, are 
 proper. Electro-magnetism is also serviceable, together with 
 powerful stimulants. 
 
of poisons. 275 
 
 JSTITKE. 
 
 This salt is often taken in mistake for Epsom or Glanber's 
 salts. When this happens, vomiting should be excited as 
 speedily as possible, followed by the free use of mucilaginous 
 drinks, hot gin-toddy, brandy and water, &c. 
 
 As there is no antidote to this poison, in case these means 
 should fail we must resort to the stomach-pump. 
 
 OPIUM. 
 
 We cannot do better in this place than transcribe what Dr. 
 T. E. Beck, of Albany, says of the antidotes to opium. 
 
 " The experiments of Orfila have demonstrated that the ad- 
 ministration of vinegar, or rather vegetable acids, previous to 
 the evacuation of the poison by vomiting, will accelerate and 
 aggravate the action of the opium ; but that when the opium 
 has previously been expelled, water acidulated with vinegar, or 
 any other vegetable acid, will tend to diminish and correct the 
 effects. Coffee, when prepared in strong decoction or infusion, 
 rapidly lessens the symptoms, but cannot be considered as an 
 antidote. The result of his experiments led him to give the 
 following directions for the treatment of a person poisoned by 
 opium. Induce vomiting, if possible, with sulphate of zinc, or 
 sulphate of copper ; but the administration of watery liquors 
 with the view of promoting the vomiting, should be forbidden, 
 as they dissolve the opium and promote its absorption. In 
 order to insure the action of the emetic, the patient must be 
 kept rousedhy discharging cold water over the head and breast; 
 yet cold affusion must be avoided in the advanced stage, when 
 the body is cold, and the breathing scarcely perceptible. To 
 insure success, in every case the patient must be kept awake, 
 either by dragging him up and down between two men, or by 
 flagellation on the back and soles of the feet. Artificial respi- 
 ration may be used in desperate cases with propriety. Bleed 
 the patient immediately after the rejection of the poison, and 
 repeat this if necessary. Afterwards administer alternately 
 water acidulated with any vegetable acid and a strong infusion 
 of coffee warmed — and in ten or twelve hours exhibit an enema, 
 and let the arms and legs of the patient be well rubbed. Pur- 
 gative clysters should be continued, if it be suspected that any 
 of the opium still remains in the large intestines." — Beck, Med. 
 Jurisprudence, vol. ii. p. 403. These remarks are applicable to 
 the poisonous effects induced by other articles of the Narcotic 
 class, as belladonna, hyoscyamus, stramonium, &c. Yet as 
 
276 of poisons. 
 
 these are not often taken with suicidal intentions, the quantity 
 is seldom inordinately large. Emetics, if given soon after the 
 poison has been swallowed, will at least remove a part of it ; 
 after which the practitioner must necessarily be governed in 
 the treatment by the nature of the peculiar poison, the amount 
 taken and the patient's constitution. Stimulants are occa- 
 sionally necessary from the first ; in other instances, depletion ; 
 but more frequently, each is in turn called for. S. Gr. !M. 
 
 OXALIC ACID. 
 
 Death from this poison is generally sudden. Lime-water or 
 a mixture of chalk and water is recommended by Dr. Thomp- 
 son, for the purpose of converting the acid into oxalate of lime. 
 The carbonate of magnesia, also, has been found by experiment 
 to counteract the poison ; but the other alkalies must be avoided, 
 as they act with an energy little inferior to the acid itself. 
 
 It is advisable to avoid giving warm, water with a view to 
 accelerate vomiting ; for dilution promotes the absorption of the 
 poison. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS. 
 
 This substance acts so immediately and so powerfully in 
 decomposing the animal tissues, that no available antidote has 
 hitherto been suggested. A small portion is sufficient to de- 
 stroy life. Nevertheless, large quantities ' of mild demulcent 
 liquids should be exhibited to shield the alimentary canal, and 
 magnesia to neutralize the phosphoric acid. 
 
 PRUSSIC ACID. 
 
 This deadly poison, in its purity, acts with such rapidity as 
 to leave no time for the administration of antidotes. When 
 taken in small quantities, much diluted, its action is less rapid, 
 producing symptoms of excessive prostration, convulsions and 
 coma. Cold affusion to the head has been found very effectual 
 in such cases, and when applied before the convulsive stage has 
 passed, has often succeeded. The head should be kept elevated, 
 and the water poured from a height upon the occiput and spine. 
 The inhalation of ammonia is the antidote most to be relied on, 
 many experiments having proved its efficacy. It should not 
 be used of too great strength, which would endanger inflamma- 
 tion of the air-passages and stomach; the strong aqua ammonia, 
 diluted with twelve parts of water, is recommended by Orflla. 
 
 ( 'hlorine also possesses strong claims as an antidote, and from 
 
of poisons. 277 
 
 the results of his experiments, is believed by Orfila to be the 
 best which has yet been proposed. 
 
 Ether and chloroform have been recommended, and no doubt 
 will eventually prove of great value from the rapidity with 
 which they act. 
 
 Cases of poisoning with the oil of bitter almonds, cherry 
 laurel water, &c, containing Prussic acid, are not unfrequent, 
 particularly among children, and after evacuating the stomach, 
 require the same treatment as for Prussic acid. 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 The nitrate of this metal is sometimes taken by mistake ; its 
 antidote is common salt, largely given, with copious draughts of 
 mucilaginous drinks to promote vomiting. The salt produces 
 an insoluble chloride which has no power on the system. 
 
 Beck. 
 
 TIN. 
 
 When any of the salts of tin are taken, albumen of eggs, 
 flour, or milk given freely, is the appropriate remedy. Milk 
 forms a coagulum with the muriate of tin {Dyer's spirit), and 
 renders it innoxious. 
 
 ZINC. 
 
 The sulphate of this metal is occasionally taken in an over- 
 dose. Warm water and emollient drinks are proper in such 
 cases ; but milk is particularly useful, from its power of decom- 
 posing the sulphate ; also albumen, magnesia, &c. 
 
 The crystallized sulphate of zinc very closely resembles the 
 sulphate of magnesia, and has been mistaken for it ; a fact to be 
 borne in mind by apothecaries and physicians. 
 
 The following works have been consulted in arranging the 
 preceding remarks on Poisons : A Treatise on Poisons, by 
 Robert Christison, M. D. — Turner's Chemistry. — Manuel de 
 Me"decine Legale, par A. Brierre de Boismont. — Orfila, Toxico- 
 logic Generate. — Beck and Taylor's Medical Jurisprudences. — 
 Henry, Thompson, &c. &c. — Costill's Treatise on Poisons. 1 
 
 1 A Practical Treatise on Poisons, their Symptoms, Antidotes, and Mode of 
 Treatment. Dr. Costill's work embraces clear and concise views of the subject 
 of which it treats, and constitutes an excellent manual for all practical purposes 
 
APPENDIX NO. I 
 
 ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. 
 
 "The science of medicine," says Dr. Gerhard, 1 "has recently 
 received an important auxiliary to its resources, by the disco- 
 very that remedial substances when applied to the cutis, after 
 the removal of the epidermis, produce their peculiar effects 
 with nearly the same energy as if introduced into the aliment- 
 ary canal. This mode of exhibition, which has received the 
 name of the endermic method, or enderrnic medication, is always 
 found much more efficacious than the ialatreptic method of 
 Christien, or the administration of medicines by means of fric- 
 tions on the cuticle." 
 
 The endermic method requires the previous separation of the 
 cuticle, which is best effected by a blister about four inches 
 square. The cuticle should then be punctured or removed in 
 very small patches, so that the medicine may come in contact 
 with the vesicated surface. Substances used in this way must 
 be applied in two or three times the quantity requisite when 
 given by the mouth. " The remains of the substance applied 
 are much less than the original quantity, and sometimes no 
 trace of it can be perceived ; the whole appearing to be ab- 
 sorbed or mingled with the secretions." 
 
 "We avail ourselves of Dr. Gerhard's valuable paper for the 
 following facts in relation to those medicines which act most 
 effectually in the endermic method. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinia. — A blister to be applied to the epigas- 
 trium during the apyrexia ; and if the paroxysm returns before 
 the quinia can be used, defer it until the next apyrexia. Ap- 
 ply four grains of powdered quinia (either alone, or with an 
 equal quantity of starch), four times a day, for two successive 
 days. A less irritating plan, however, is to dissolve sixteen 
 grains of quinia in two ounces of water, with which the blis- 
 
 1 North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journ. April, 1830. 
 
ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. 279 
 
 tered surface is to be repeatedly wet during the day by means 
 of a soft linen cloth. There is no occasion to remove the loose 
 epidermis ; it is all-sufficient to puncture it in several places to 
 allow the solution to touch the denuded surface. 
 
 Morphia. — The acetate and sulphate act readily and effec- 
 tually ; the latter is preferable, because more soluble and less 
 irritating. It may be applied in powder, in solution, or in the 
 form of cerate. The dose varies from half a grain to two grains, 
 and its effects are speedily perceptible. 
 
 Digitalis. — Dose, two grains three times a day. 
 
 Aloes. — This medicine acts on the bowels with nearly the 
 same certainty as if taken internally. Dose, ten grains, to be 
 repeated, if necessary, in a few hours. 
 
 Gamboge, owing to its solubility, purges freely in the ender- 
 mic method. Dose, from five to eight grains. 
 
 Rhubarb, jalap, elaterium and croton oil, contrary to what 
 might be expected, do not produce catharsis, although they 
 excite severe local irritation. 
 
 Squills. — This medicine in powder, sprinkled on a blistered 
 surface three times a day, in the quantity of four grains at each 
 application, causes copious diuresis. Its power is increased by 
 combination with digitalis, in the proportion of four grains of 
 the former to one of the latter. 
 
 Emetics from the vegetable kingdom all produce their effect in 
 the endermic method; and tobacco does so without any pre- 
 vious irritation of the skin. The same remark is applicable to 
 mercury and iodine, which last is best applied in the form of 
 ointment, made by rubbing a dram with an ounce of cerate. 
 
 Emetics derived from the mineral kingdom exert no specific 
 action. 
 
APPENDIX NO. II. 
 
 ON THE USE OF ETHEE AND CHLOROFORM. 
 
 The employment of anaesthetic agents has now become so 
 general, and their great value so fully attested by many emi- 
 nent physicians and surgeons in all parts of the world, that we 
 shall here give a brief account of their uses and mode of 
 application. 
 
 Indeed, the discovery of a means by which to give complete 
 insensibility to pain during the performance of tedious surgical 
 and dental operations, as well as to mitigate the spontaneous 
 sufferings attendant on many diseases, must be considered one 
 of the most important in the annals of medicine. That pain 
 is useful in indicating the seat and progress of disease, cannot 
 be denied ; yet, on the other hand, its severity may exhaust 
 life ; and to allay it is often the most difficult and necessary 
 part the physician is called upon to perform. The inhalation 
 of ethereal substances now gives the practitioner more or less 
 control over these " ills that flesh is heir to," enabling him to 
 alleviate some, and wholly to prevent others. 
 
 Notwithstanding the benefit to be derived from its judicious 
 use, this mode of inhalation is also capable of producing much 
 evil in the hands of the unskilful and ignorant ; and it should, 
 therefore, be employed by those only who are acquainted with 
 its diversified operation. 
 
 Ether and chloroform produce essentially the same effects, 
 but the latter is much the more powerful and rapid in its action, 
 and has the disadvantage of being a preparation of unequal 
 strength. 
 
 The progressive stages of etherization seem to be pretty 
 much as stated by Mr. Sibson, viz : — 
 
 1. Cerebral excitement. 
 
 2. Cerebral derangement, staggering intoxication. 
 
ON THE USE OF ETHEK AND CHLOROFORM. 281 
 
 3. Cerebral sleep (sopor) ; pupils contracted ; dreams; reflex 
 functions of the brain and spinal marrow still active. 
 
 4. Cerebral death (coma) ; reflex functions of the medulla 
 and spinal marrow still active. 
 
 5. Death of spinal marrow ; cessation of respiration (heart's 
 action generally still present). 
 
 6. Cessation of heart's action. 
 
 He also says : " It is very important to be able to tell easily 
 when the stage of safety — sopor, is about to merge into that of 
 danger — coma. The action of the pupils is the key to this 
 knowledge. Inhalation should not be continued one instant 
 after the pupils, previously contracted, have begun to dilate. 
 
 " If unconsciousness can be secured by sopor, the inhalation 
 should not be carried on to produce coma. If complete muscu- 
 lar relaxation be sought for, as in hernia, to facilitate taxis ; in 
 dislocation, to make reduction easy ; and in tetanus, then it will 
 be needful, in general, to urge the patient from sopor into coma ; 
 but as soon as the muscular relaxation is secured, the inhalation 
 should cease. When chloroform or ether is employed in chorea, 
 delirium tremens, or other affections, it should never be urged 
 beyond sopor. In neuralgia, it is not usually needful to pro- 
 duce unconsciousness. Whenever the pain disappears the in- 
 halation ought to cease." 
 
 According to Dr. Snow, a necessary precaution for watching 
 the effects of ether and chloroform is, that they possess an accu- 
 mulative property; their influence sometimes increasing for 
 twenty seconds after the inhalation is discontinued. It is sel- 
 dom necessary to carry the process farther than the production 
 of sopor ; in this dreamy state insensibility to pain is perfect, 
 and in some persons much earlier. Many patients seem to be 
 perfectly awake to all mental impressions, and even take an 
 interest in the progress of the operation, without feeling the 
 slightest pain, and, indeed, in some instances, experiencing 
 agreeable sensations. 
 
 The influence of these agents being transmitted by the blood, 
 pervades the whole system simultaneously, and particularly 
 excites the capillary circulation as evinced by the injected con- 
 junctiva, increased lachrymal and salivary secretions, and tur- 
 gidity of the face and neck, the redness of which, however, 
 soon gives place to pallor. 
 
 Although used heretofore only to produce general effects, it 
 has lately been discovered by Mr. T. Nunneley, of Leeds, that 
 local anaesthesia may be caused by these agents ; and that the 
 brain and other parts of the body not subjected to their in- 
 fluence remain unaffected. After an extensive series of ex- 
 periments on different animals, he finds that, by immersion in a 
 
282 ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. 
 
 small quantity of the fluid, or by applying the vapor locally 
 for a limited period, a limb may be rendered perfectly motion- 
 less and senseless, and, what may be an additional advantage, 
 fixed in any desired position. The benefits likely to be derived 
 from this new and valuable discovery promise to be very great. 
 
 As regards the mode of applying these vapors, the principal 
 thing to be observed is, that they be freely diluted with atmo- 
 spheric air. Many instruments for inhalation have been invented, 
 but most of them have given place to a simple sponge ; and in 
 the case of chloroform, a towel or handkerchief is perhaps as 
 good as anything yet proposed. The degree of etherization 
 does not depend so much upon the amount respired, as upon 
 the peculiar constitution of the individual, and the physician is 
 thus better able to regulate the amount, and judge of its effect. 
 A dram of chloroform, or even half a dram, poured upon a hand- 
 kerchief, and gradually brought close to the mouth and nose, 
 will, in about two minutes, more or less, produce the required 
 effect. Of ether, half an ounce may be poured upon a sponge, 
 and more added from time to time if required. The full effect 
 of ether is not generally obtained in less than four or five 
 minutes. As regards their comparative merits, it may be said 
 of chloroform that it is less pungent, and requiring a less amount 
 is more easily inhaled ; but it is also said to have a greater tend- 
 ency to produce involuntary muscular contraction, and exerts a 
 more direct and powerful action on the heart than ether. As 
 far as present experience goes, ether has been found the milder 
 and safer of the two ; and in the case of children, from their 
 greater susceptibility, should always be given in preference to 
 chloroform; etherization, in them, occurring in about two 
 minutes. 
 
 According to Dr. Snow, the immunity from pain does not 
 correspond exactly with the degree of narcotism, but is greater 
 as the patient is recovering from the effects of the vapor, than 
 in the corresponding degree, as he is getting under its influence ; 
 this is more particularly the case with ether, which he considers 
 to possess superior anaesthetic effects to chloroform in proportion 
 to the narcotism produced. When ether is inhaled, the patient 
 sometimes completely recovers his mental faculties, although 
 insensibility to the operation still continues. 
 
 The use of ether or chloroform is contra-indicated by the 
 existence of any disease of the heart, tendency to engorgement 
 of the lungs, or aneurism of any of the great vessels ; nor should 
 it ever be used either during the existence of shock resulting 
 from a severe injury. 
 
 The existence of extreme debility is not always a contra-indi- 
 cation ; for, acting as a stimulant, the inhaled vapor seems to 
 
ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. 283 
 
 possess a sustaining power, and has been successfully used in a 
 state of great collapse, as well as for its sedative influence in 
 low cases of typhus fever. 
 
 Perhaps one of the most important uses of ether and chloro- 
 form is that for the relief of stricture, and to render easy the 
 introduction of the catheter ; here in old and sensitive cases as 
 well as in retention of urine and the passage of calculi, they 
 are invaluable. 
 
 The physician in using these vapors should bear in mind that 
 he is administering an agent of great power, of which he must 
 carefully observe the effect ; for the life of the patient is in his 
 hands. In some constitutions six or seven inspirations of chloro- 
 form have produced complete insensibility, and we should always 
 be on our guard lest alarming symptoms suddenly supervene. 
 These are marked by suspended respiration ; livid skin ; widely 
 dilated pupils; the eyes fixed, and the iris immovable. The 
 patient should be immediately laid upon the floor, cold water 
 dashed upon the face, and the vapor of ammonia applied to the 
 nostrils. These will generally restore animation ; if, however, 
 respiration has entirely ceased, it will be necessary to bring it 
 about by artificial means. The abstraction of a few ounces of 
 blood from the arm, or from the jugular vein, will also assist 
 the renewal of the heart's action, by relieving distension. 
 
 We should be careful, also, not to endeavor to make the 
 patient swallow anything while in this state of insensibility, as 
 cough might induce suffocation and hasten death. 
 
 Besides sulphuric ether and chloroform, various other pre- 
 parations have been found to possess anaesthetic properties ; as 
 Aldehyde, Benzoin, Acetic Ether, Bisulphuret of Carbon, &c, 
 but sufficient experiments have not yet been made to determine 
 their relative value. 
 
 As the action of chloroform depends upon its comparative 
 purity, this may be tested by dropping it into the following 
 mixture, viz. Sulphuric acid at 66° and distilled water, equal 
 parts. When cool, this mixture will have a density by the 
 areometer of 40°. (Sp. gr. 1.38.) Pure chloroform dropped 
 into this liquid will fall to the bottom. 1 S. G. Morton, 
 
 1 French Journal of Pharmacy, 1848. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Absorbents and antacids, 198 
 Acacia, mucilage of, 262 
 Acetate of ammonia, lotion of, 242 
 and potash, 73 
 and assafetida, 
 
 102 
 and camphor, 226 
 and opium, 226 
 of lead, gargle of, 235 
 solution of, 197 
 enema of, 197 
 and calomel, 190, 192 
 and ipecacuanha, 191 
 and opium, 192 
 of morphia and tolu, 107 
 of potash and ammonia, 73 
 and buchu, 73 
 digitalis, &c, 71 
 of strychnia, solution of, 175, 
 186 
 tincture of, 186 
 of zinc, solution of, 231 
 collyrium of, 224 
 Acetic acid, gargle of, 235 
 Acid nitrate of mercury, 207 
 Aconite and Dover's powder, 137 
 and wine of colchicum, 85 
 and valerian, 86 
 Acorn coffee, 172 
 Alcohol as a poison, 269 
 Alkalies as poisons, 270 
 Alkaline bath, 256 
 Aloes, decoction of, 59 
 enema of, 123 
 pills of, 51 
 tincture of, 61 
 compound tincture of, 116 
 and assafetida, 51 
 and canella, 110 
 and gentian, 51, 174 
 and guaiacum, 52 
 and myrrh, 51 
 myrrh, and rhubarb, 51 
 sulphate of iron, &c, 112 
 Almond emulsion, 99 
 Alteratives, 177 
 
 Alum, burnt, 206 
 
 collyrium of, 223 
 ' curd, 224 
 gargle of, 234 
 powder of, 37 
 compound powder of, 190 
 whey, 196 
 
 and calomel ointment, 248 
 and catechu, 192 
 and extract of bark, 193, 196 
 and opium, 191 
 sage tea, and honey, 237 
 and sulphate of zinc, 39 
 and sweet spirits of nitre, 234 
 Amber, cloves, &c, 150 
 
 salt of, and castor, 147 
 American hellebore, tincture of, 39 
 Ammonise, liquor, injection of, 114 
 lotion of, 217 
 and tartar emetic, 
 241 
 Ammonia, fetid spirits of, 128 
 
 aromatic spirits of, 114, 128 
 and olive oil, 122 
 and glycerin, 243 
 and magnesia, 200 
 and salt of tartar, 200 
 and valerian, 149 
 Ammoniated iron, 166 
 Ammoniuret of copper, 166 
 
 injection of, 233 
 Ammoniac, mixture of, 102, 106 
 and nitric acid, 103 
 seneka, &c, 99 
 squill, &c, 94 
 Angustura bark, powder of, 165 
 
 decoction of, 171 
 Animal oil, 129 
 Anodyne collyrium, 227 
 
 draught, 137 
 Antacids, 198 
 Antacrid tincture, 189 
 Anthelmintics, 117 
 Anti-bilious pills, 50 
 Anti-emetic mixture, 201 
 Anti-gout pill, 48 
 Anti-herpetic ointment, 248 
 
286 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Anti-intermittents, 1 55 
 Antilithics, 76 
 Antimonial powder, 80 
 wine, 39 
 
 and spirits of Min- 
 der eri, 83 
 and sweet spirits of 
 
 nitre, 84 
 and tolu, 85 
 Antimony, sulphuret of, 81 
 as a poison, 270 
 Antiseptic cataplasm, 254 
 
 pills, 125 
 Antispasmodics, 147 
 Antisyphilitic pills, 151 
 Aperient pills, 51 
 Apocynum, decoction of, 70 
 Aqua sappharina, 228 
 Armenian bole, 232 
 Arnica, mixture of, 86 
 
 tincture of, 129 
 Aromatic waters, mode of preparing, 243 
 
 pills, 125 
 Arrowroot, 265 
 Arsenic as an alterative, 179 
 
 as a poison, 270 
 Arsenical mixture, 163 
 Arsenious acid, 158 
 
 solution of, 207 
 ointment of, 208 
 compound powder of, 
 
 208 
 and sal ammoniac, 158 
 Arseniate of iron, pills of, 179 
 
 of soda, solution of, 185 
 Arsenite of potash, solution of, 163 
 Asiatic pills, 179 
 Assafetida, enema of, 150 
 
 mixture of, 101, 149 
 pills of, 147 
 sirup of, 97 
 and aloes, 51 
 
 and acetate of ammonia, 102 
 and camphor, 136 
 castor, &c, 149 
 magnesia, &c, 141 
 Astringents, 190 
 Astringent fomentation, 239 
 Atropia, solution of, 143 
 
 B. 
 
 Balsam of Pei*u, mixture of, 103 
 and ox gall, 229 
 Bareges bath, 250 
 Barley water, 261 
 Bates's camphorated water, 226 
 
 alum water, 228 
 Baths, 255 
 
 Baryta as a poison, 271 
 Bebeerine, sulphate of, 159 
 
 Beef tea, 266 
 
 Belladonna, ointment of, 144, 248 
 solution of, 141, 143 
 cherry laurel, &c, 145 
 quinia. and rhubarb, 165 
 and tolu, 104 
 Bicarbonate of soda, mixture of, 77, 101 
 and calomel, 44 
 magnesia, &c, 199 
 quassia, &c, 77 
 and uva ursi, 65 
 of potash, solution of, 77 
 Bitartrate of potash. See Cream of 
 
 Tartar 
 Black hellebore, tincture of, 115 
 myrrh, &c, 115 
 Black drop, 138 
 wash, 240 
 Blistering cerate, 212 
 Blister issue, 210 
 Bloodroot, tincture of, 101 
 Blue mass and aloes, 47 
 
 and colocynth, 48 
 and extract of dandelion, 67 
 digitalis and squill, 67 
 and magnesia, 56 
 and quinia, 178 
 and soda, 48 
 Boneset, infusion of, 86, 160 
 
 sage, &c, 170 
 Borax, gargle of, 234 
 
 and glycerin, 243 
 and morphia, 244 
 and savine, 111 
 Brandy, gargle of, 233 
 mixture, 131 
 Bran, decoction of, 262 
 
 and flaxseed poultice, 253 
 Bread and milk poultice, 253 
 Bromide of potassium, solution of, 185 
 
 ointment, 249 
 Bromide of iron, pills of, 180 
 Bromine, 184 
 
 solution of, 185 
 Brown mixture, 98 
 Brucia, 180 
 
 mixture of, 186 
 pills of, 181 
 tincture of, 186 
 Buchu and acetate of potash, 73 
 
 and iodide of potassium, 91 
 and uva ursi, 74 
 Burdock, decoction of, 88 
 Burnt alum, 206 
 
 sponge, 181 
 Butternut and jalap, 49 
 
 Cainca, decoction of, 69 
 Calf s-foot jelly, 267 
 
INDEX. 
 
 287 
 
 Calomel, pills of, 151, 177 
 injection of, 232 
 and acetate of lead, 190, 192 
 and alum ointment, 248 
 and camphor, 153 
 and colocynth, 48 
 and conium, 136 
 digitalis, &c, 67 
 digitalis and opium, 66 
 and gamboge, 117 
 Goulard's cerate, &c, 249 
 and iodine ointment, 246 
 and ipecacuanha, 38, 191 
 and jalap, 44 
 jalap, and rhubarb, 44 
 opium, and ipecacuanha, 81 
 and ox gall, 180 
 and pink-root, 117 
 quinia, and opium, 178 
 and rhubarb, 44 
 semen contra, &c, 121 
 and soda, 44 
 and squill, 66, 94 
 sulphuret of antimony, &c, 
 
 81 
 and tar ointment, 251 
 turpentine, &c, 119 
 and verdigris, 252 
 Camphor, enema of, 123, 128 
 in milk, 127 
 
 mixture of, 114, 127, 194 
 pills of, 135 
 julep, 127 
 assafetida, &c, 136 
 and acetate of ammonia, 226 
 and calomel, 153 
 and cantharides, 124 
 and carbonate of ammonia, 
 
 241 
 and chloroform, 128, 146 
 and cinchona, 166 
 and Hoffman's anodyne, 140 
 injection for ear, 228 
 laudanum, and nitric acid, 194 
 liniment, 241 
 magnesia, &c, 200 
 and mercurial ointment, 247, 
 
 216 
 musk, &c, 147, 148 
 and myrrh, 127 
 and opium, collyrium of, 226 
 and opium, plaster of, 145 
 Camphorated oil, 241 
 Canella, aloes, &c, 110 
 Canquoin's paste, 207 
 Cantharides, extract of, 214 
 
 liniment of, 220, 241 
 mixture of, 71 
 tincture of, 116 
 camphor, &c, 124 
 
 Cantharides, hartshorn, &c, 114 
 and savine, 111 
 and oil of turpentine, 220 
 Cantharidin, 213 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia, mixture of, 56, 
 78 
 of potash, mixture of, 100, 
 199 
 ammonia, &c, 
 
 200 
 and lime-water, 
 
 77 
 squill, &c, 73 
 of soda, injection of, 78 , 
 mixture of, 201 
 pills of, 77 
 and calomel, 82 
 rhubarb, &c, 199 
 of ammonia, mixture of, 126 
 ointment of, 250 
 and musk, 148 
 and sulphate of 
 
 quinia, 157 
 and valerian, 
 126 
 of iron, pills of, 166 
 Carrageen, 265 
 Castor, assafetida, &c, 149 
 
 and salt of amber, 1 47 
 Cataplasms, 253 
 Catechu, injection of, 229 
 electuary of, 196 
 mixture of, 196 
 and alum, 192 
 Cathartics, 43 
 Caustics, 205 
 Caustic potash, see Potash. 
 
 paste of Canquoin, 207 
 Cayenne pepper, gargle of, 236 
 infusion of, 130 
 pills of, 125 
 tincture of, 219 
 iron and aloes, 167 
 Chalk mixture, 194, 199 
 and galls, 195 
 and opium, 198 
 Chamomile and orange peel, 171 
 Charcoal, poultice of, 254 
 
 and creasote ointment, 251 
 Cherry laurel, belladonna, &c, 145 
 Chicken water, 267 
 Chlorine fumigation, 109 
 
 liniment, 240 
 Chloroform, as an anaesthetic, 280 
 
 and camphor, 128, 146 
 Chlorinated lime, 130 
 
 gargle of, 236 
 mouth wash, 236 
 Chloride of iron, tincture of, 174 
 of gold, 169 
 
288 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chloride of zinc, as caustic, 207 
 injection of, 231 
 lotion of, 238 
 solution of, 150 
 Chocolate, 266 
 Chromic acid, 208 
 Cider mixture, 70 
 Cinchona, enema of, 164 
 extract of, 159 
 decoction of, 159, 160 
 infusion of, 160 
 mixture of, 163 
 powder of, 155 
 and alum, 193, 196 
 and camphor, 166 
 and citrate of potash, 162 
 and cloves, 156 
 and Epsom salts, 156 
 and lime-water, 160, 196 
 and port wine, 163 
 and rust of iron, 169 
 sal ammoniac, &c, 166 
 and serpentaria, 156 
 uva ursi, and opium, 76 
 and valerian, 172, 173 
 Cinchonia, sulphate of, 157, 162 
 Citrate of magnesia, 57 
 
 of potash, solution of, 82 
 
 and cinchona, 162 
 of ammonia, solution of, 84 
 Citrine ointment, 251 
 Cloves, infusion of, 130 
 plaster of, 216 
 and bark, 156 
 Cochineal, mixture of, 101 
 
 and common salt, 118 
 Cod-liver oil, 186 
 
 mixture of, 187 
 and iodine, 187 
 Codeia, 139 
 
 Colchicum, wine of root, 60 
 and aconite, 85 
 and colocynth, 48 
 and digitalis, 73 
 and elaterium, 72 
 and magnesia, 57 
 squill, and tobacco, 72 
 Collodium vesicans, 213 
 Collyria, 222 
 
 Colocynth and blue mass, 48 
 and calomel, 48 
 and colchicum, 48 
 and croton oil, 50 
 jalap, kc, 49 
 and manna, enema of, 62 
 Colombo, mixture of, 200 
 tincture of, 174 
 '.ri n;_r<T, &0., 104, 170 
 
 magnesia, &c., 199 
 rhubarb, etc., 170 
 and tartrate of iron, 165 
 
 Confection of senna, 52 
 of sulphur, 53 
 of sulphur and guaiac, 53 
 Conia, collyrium of, 227 
 Conium, infusion of, 144 
 extract of, 135 
 extract of, and calomel, 136 
 mixture of, 99, 140 
 suppository of, 143 
 and corrosive sublimate, 152 
 and iodine inhalation, 108 
 ipecacuanha, &c, 93 
 Conradi's collyrium, 226 
 Copaiba, mixture of, 74 
 
 compound mixture of, 75 
 pills of, 67 
 cubebs, &c, 75 
 and guaiacum, 115 
 and tolu, 102 
 Copper, sulphate of, 38 
 
 as a poison, 271 
 Corrosive sublimate, bath of, 256 
 
 collyrium of, 225 
 gargle of, 235 
 injection of, 231 
 lotion of, 239 
 mixture of, 188 
 pills of, 151, 179 
 solution of, 91 
 tincture of, 189 
 and hemlock, 152 
 and tartar emetic, 
 217 
 Cowhage electuary, 121 
 ointment, 221 
 Coxe's hive sirup, 41, 97 
 Crab's claws and rhubarb, 198 
 Cream of tartar and juniper berries, 68 
 and jalap, 45 
 and squill, 66 
 and sulphur, 46 
 Creasote, mixture of, 196 
 injection of, 229 
 liniment of, 240 
 lotion of, 240 
 pills of, 125, 192 
 solution of, 196 
 and charcoal ointment, 251 
 Croton oil, liniment of, 220 
 mixture of, 55 
 pills of, 50 
 
 saponaceous solution of, 55 
 tincture of, 60 
 and colocynth, 50 
 and potash, 221 . 
 Cubebs, fluid extract of, 75 
 lozenges of, 96 
 mixture of, 130 
 and bismuth, 130 
 copaiba, &c, 75 
 and ergot, 66 
 
INDEX. 
 
 289 
 
 Cuprum ammoniatum, 166 
 Cyanuret of mercury, ointment of, 247 
 solution of, 153 
 of potassium, 95 
 
 lotion of, 240 
 mixture of, 106 
 
 D. 
 
 Dandelion, infusion of, 69 
 
 and blue mass, 67 
 
 Depilatory ointment, 252 
 
 Dewees's carminative, 141 
 tincture, 115 
 
 Diaphoretics, 79 
 
 alterative, 87 
 
 Dietetic preparations, 261 
 
 Digitalis, infusion of, 68 
 
 tincture of, 101, 140 
 acetate of potash, &c, 71 
 calomel, &c, 67 
 calomel and opium, 66 
 and colchicum, 73 
 and myrrh, 112 
 squill and blue mass, 67 
 and opium, 136 
 squill and juniper, 67 
 and tolu, 102 
 
 Digitalin, pills of, 137 
 
 solution of, 70 
 
 Dippel' s animal oil, 129 
 
 Disinfecting mouth wash, 236 
 
 Diuretics, 65 
 
 Diuretic drops, 74 
 
 Dolichos, see Cowhage. 
 
 Donovan's solution, 184 
 
 Dogwood bark, decoction of, 172 
 
 Dover's powder, 80, 92 
 
 and aconite, 137 
 
 Dubois's arsenical powder, 208 
 
 Dupuytren's lotion, 242 
 
 Dyspeptic lye, 201 
 
 E. 
 
 Effervescing draught, 83 
 Elaterium, pills of, 50 
 
 and colchicum, 72 
 Elaterin, tincture of, 60 
 Electuary of senna and figs, 53 
 
 of jalap and saltpetre, 53 
 Elixir of vitriol and sulphate of iron, 173 
 Emetics, 35 
 Emetia, lozenges of, 42, 95 
 
 solution of, 40 
 Emmenagogues, 110 
 Emmenagogue suppository, 116 
 Emollient bath, 256 
 
 cataplasm, 254 
 
 collyrium, 226 
 Enclermic use of medicines, 278 
 Enemata, 61, 123, 142, 150, 164 
 
 19 
 
 Enema, common, 62 
 aloetic, 123 
 
 of camphor and olive oil, 123 
 ox gall, 62 
 soap, 62 
 
 sulphate of magnesia, 62 
 turpentine, 63 
 Epispastics, 211 
 Epispastic ointment, 212 
 Epsom salts, see Sulphate of Magnesia. 
 Ergot, infusion of, 113 
 powder of, 111 
 sirup of, 114 
 tincture of, 114 
 and cubebs, 66 
 Erigeron, infusion of, 68 
 Escharotics, 205 
 Essence of beef, 266 
 Ether, oil of turpentine, &c, 122 
 and laudanum, 150 
 ioduretted, 184 
 phosphorated, 129 
 as an anaesthetic, 280 
 cantharidalis, 213 
 Eupatorium, see Boneset. 
 Expectorants, 92 
 
 F. 
 
 Febrifuge bolus, 166 
 
 Fennel-seed, magnesia, &c, 199 
 
 Fern, oil of, 119 
 
 Ferriar's hydragogue draught, 72 
 
 Fetid spirits of ammonia, 128 
 
 Figs and senna, electuary of, 53 
 
 Firing, 205 
 
 Flaxseed, infusion of, 104 
 
 and bran poultice, 253 
 Flour, boiled, 265 
 Fluid extract of cubebs, 75 
 
 of spigelia and senna, 122 
 
 of senna, 58 
 
 of rhubarb, 58 
 Fomentations, 257 
 Fothergill's pills, 49 
 Fowler's solution, 163 
 
 and iodine, 185 
 Fumigations, 258 
 Fumigating powders, 258 
 
 G. 
 
 Gall, see Ox gall. 
 Galls, gargle of, 233 
 
 and brandy, 197 
 
 infusion of, 195 
 
 ointment of, 248 
 
 and chalk, 195 
 Gallic acid, pills of, 193 
 Gamboge and calomel, 117 
 
 and jalap, 45 
 Gargles, 233 
 
290 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Garlic, cataplasm of, 215 
 
 sirup of, 96 
 Gentian, compound infusion of, 171 
 tincture of, 173 
 acidulated tincture of, 174 
 and aloes, 51, 174 
 and iron, 168 
 Ginger, essences of, 132 
 infusion of, 132 
 carbonate of ammonia, &c, 
 
 126 
 Colombo, &c, 164, 170 
 Glycerin, 243 
 
 and ammonia, 243 
 and borax, 243 
 Gold, see Nitromuriate of Gold. 
 
 as a poison, 272 
 Gonclret's pommade, 219 
 Goulard's extract, lotion of, 238 
 
 and rose water, 228 
 cerate and calomel, 249 
 Granville's lotion, 217 
 Griffith's myrrh mixture, 172 
 
 pills, 47 
 Guaiacum, mixture of, 85 
 tincture of, 115 
 and aloes, 52 
 and copaiba, 115 
 nitre, &c, 82 
 and paregoric, 128 
 and prussiate of iron, 156 
 and sulphur, 53 
 and turpentine, 124 
 Gum-Arabic mucilage, 262 
 Guthrie's ointment, 227 
 
 H. 
 
 Harrowgate bath, 257 
 
 water, artificial, 189 
 Hartshorn jelly, 266 
 Hemp, tincture of, 141 
 Hemlock, see Conium. 
 Henbane, extract of, 135 
 infusion of, 144 
 and ipecacuanha, 134 
 opium, &c, 135 
 Hiera picra, 110 
 
 tincture of, 116 
 Hoffman's anodyne and camphor, 140 
 and laudanum, 149 
 and valerian, 149 
 Hops, infusion of, 171 
 tincture of, 140 
 and tar, infusion of, 107 
 Hope's mixture, 194 
 Hooper's pills, 112 
 Bufeland's diuretic drops, 74 
 lluxham's tincture, ]74 
 Hydrocyanic acid, 105 
 
 as a poison, 270 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid, lotion of, 239 
 
 mixture of, 105 
 and lobelia, 106 
 
 Hydrocyanate of potash, 106 
 
 Hydriodate of potash, 183 
 
 Hyposulphite of soda, lotion of, 244 
 
 Hyoscyamus, see Henbane. 
 
 I. 
 
 Iceland moss, decoction of, 104 
 Indian hemp, decoction of, 70 
 Inhalation, 107 
 Injections, 228 
 
 for the ear, 228 
 for the urethra, 230 
 Instantaneous vesication, 213 
 Iodide of arsenic, ointment of, 246 
 pills of, 179 
 of barium, ointment of, 245 
 of iron, injection of, 232 
 ointment of, 246 
 sirup of, 176 
 solution of, 183 
 and manganese, 176 
 of manganese, pills of, 168 
 of mercury, ointment of, 246 
 pills of, 152, 153 
 compound pills of, 
 152 
 (red) of mercury, ointment of, 
 246, 247 
 pills of, 179 
 of potassium, collyrium of, 224 
 mixture of, 182, 183 
 ointment of, 245 
 solution of, 11 3, 183 
 and buchu, 91 
 and opium, oint- 
 . ment of, 247 
 as a poison, 272 
 of silver, pills of, i80 
 of sulphur, ointment of, 246 
 of zinc, ointment of, 245 
 solution of, 236 
 Iodine, cataplasm of, 255 
 
 compound tincture of, 182 
 
 ethereal solution of, 221 
 
 ethereal tincture of, 182 
 
 inhalation, 108 
 
 liniment of, 240 
 
 ointment, 245 . 
 
 paint, 221 
 
 preparations of, 181 
 
 tincture of, 115, 182, 183 
 
 waters, 184 
 
 as a poison, 272 
 
 and arsenic, 185 
 
 and calomel ointment, 246 
 
 and cod-liver oil, 187 
 
 and hemlock inhalation, 108 
 
INDEX. 
 
 291 
 
 Iodine, and iodide of potassium, 182 
 
 and opium gargle, 236 
 Iodo-hydrargyrate of potash, 184 
 Ioduretted baths, 257 
 ether, 184 
 Ipecacuanha, infusion of, 40 
 ointment of, 251 
 powder of, 36 
 sirup of, 41 
 and calomel, 38 
 calomel and opium, 81 
 conium, &c, 93 
 and henbane, 134 
 iron, &c, 165 
 and mercury with chalk, 
 
 154 
 myrrh, &c, 92 
 and opium, 80, 92 
 and rhubarb, 38, 253 
 squill and seneka, 97 
 and tartar emetic, 36, 38, 
 - 40 
 Irish moss, 265 
 Iron, pills of, 112 
 
 powder of, 165 
 rust of, 165 
 and gentian, 168 
 ipecactianha, &c, 165 
 and muriate of baryta, 90 
 muriated tincture of, 116 
 protocarbonate of, 166 
 protonitrate of, 175 
 persesquinitrate of, 175 
 subcarbonate of, 119, 164 
 and valerian, 148 
 Issues and setons, 209 
 
 Jackson's lozenges, 96 
 mixture, 195 
 pectoral sirup, 98 
 Jalap and calomel, 44 
 
 calomel and rhubarb, 44 
 and cream of tartar, 45 
 and extract of butternut, 49 
 and gamboge, 45 
 and sulphate of potash, 58 
 Juniper berries and squill, 71 
 
 and cream of tartar, 6 
 oil of, mixture, 71 
 
 squill and digitalis, 67 
 
 K. 
 
 Kentish's ointment, 249 
 
 Kino, opium, &c, 193 
 
 Kirkland's neutral cerate, 250 
 
 Kousso, infusion of, 120 
 
 Krameria, mixture of, 197 
 pills of, 192 
 suppository of, 143 
 
 Labarraque's solution, 244 
 Lactate of iron, 166 
 Lactucarium, pills of, 134 
 Laffecteur's sirup, 88 
 Lapis divinus, 223 
 Laudanum, 137 
 
 as a poison, 272 
 Sydenham's, 138 
 enema of, 142 
 liniment, 242 
 compound liniment, 242 
 and ether, 150 
 and Hoffman's anodyne, 149 
 and iodine gargle, 236 
 and oil of turpentine, 139 
 and sweet spirits of nitre, 84 
 and tartar emetic, 100 
 Laxative suppository, 64 
 Lead as a poison, 273 
 Lemonade, 263 
 Lenitive electuary, 52 
 Liniments, 237 
 
 Linseed oil and lime-water, 238 
 Lime-water and alcohol, 238 
 
 and carbonate of potash, 77 
 and cinchona, 160, 196 
 and linseed oil, 238 
 and milk, 200 
 and opium, 144 
 and zinc, 237 
 Lime and zinc ointment, 251 
 Lithontriptics, 76 
 Lobelia, infusion of, 40 
 tincture of, 39 
 and prussic acid, 106 
 Logwood, extract of, 195 
 infusion of, 195 
 Lotions, 237 
 Lugol's ointment, 245 
 solution, 183 
 Lunar caustic, 206 
 Lupulin, pills of, 134 
 
 tincture of, 140 
 
 M. 
 
 Madder, decoction of, 113 
 
 powder of, 111 
 Magendie's solution, 183 
 Magnesia, calcined, 45 
 
 ammonia, &c, 200 
 
 assafetida, &c, 141 
 
 and blue pill, 56 
 
 and colchicum, 57 
 
 and Colombo, 199 
 
 camphor, &c, 200 
 
 fennel-seed, &c, 199 
 - and rhubarb, 45, 56 
 
 soda, &c, 199 
 
 and sulphur, 46 
 
292 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Male fern, extract of, 119 
 powder of, 118 
 Malt, infusion of, 262 
 May apple and podophyllin, 48 
 Manganese and iron, iodide of, 176 
 Manna and colocynth, enema of, 62 
 
 and senna, 59 
 Matico, infusion of, 194 
 Mel aegyptiacum, 236 
 Mercury as an alterative, 177 
 as a poison, 273 
 and chalk, -with ipecacuanha, 
 
 154 
 chloride of. See Calomel, 
 cyanuret of, 153 
 red oxide of, 153 
 yellow sulphate of, 37 
 red sulphuret of, 87 
 Mercurial cerate, 248 
 
 ointment, 247 
 
 and camphor, 216, 
 247 
 Mezereon, decoction of, 89 
 Milk for infants, 263 
 
 and lime-water, 200 
 Mindereri, spirits of, 83 
 Mineral acids as caustics, 207 
 as poisons, 274 
 Mitchell's pills, 49, 167 
 Monesia, 193 
 Mouth washes, 233 
 Moxa, 209 
 
 Muriate of ammonia, solution of, 208, 
 231 
 and arsenic, 158 
 of baryta and iron, 90 
 Muriated tincture of iron, 174 
 Muriatic acid, gargle of, 235 
 linctus of, 237 
 mixture of, 78 
 Mush poultice, 253 
 Musk, enema of, 150 
 mixture of, 148 
 camphor, &c, 147, 148 
 and carbonate of ammonia, 148 
 Mustard, 169 
 
 fomentation, 258 
 powder of, 37 
 whey, 131 
 plaster, 215 
 pepper, &c, 215 
 Myrrh, lotion of, 242 
 mixture, 172 
 black hellebore, &c, 115 
 camphor, &c, 127 
 digitalis, &c., 112 
 ipecacuanha, &c, 92 
 squill, &c, 95 
 sulphate of iron, &c, 111 
 and sulphate of zinc, 93 
 
 N. 
 Naphthaline, mixture of, 100 
 Narcotics, 133 
 
 external use of, 143 
 as poisons, 274 
 Narcotic fomentation, 257, 258 
 Neutral mixture, 82 
 Nitrate (acid) of mercury, 207 v 
 of potash as a poison, 275 
 solution of, 85 
 guaiacum, &c, 82 
 opium, &c, 81, 93 
 and squill, 65 
 and tartar emetic, 84 
 of silver as a poison, 277 
 collyrium of, 225 
 mixture of, 174 
 ointment of, 227, 230, 
 
 252 
 pills of, 167 
 solution of, 229, 230 
 Nitric acid, mixture of, 188 
 diluted, 188 
 and ammoniac, 103 
 camphor, and laudanum, 
 
 194 
 and Epsom salts, 56 
 Nitrous powders, 81 
 Nitromuriatic acid, 188 
 
 bath, 256 
 Nitromuriate of gold, pills of, 169 
 
 as a poison, 272 
 Nux vomica, 136 
 
 extract of, 136 
 
 liniment of, 242 
 
 tincture of extract of, 140 
 
 O. 
 
 Oak-bark, gargle of, 233 
 Oil of amber, liniment of, 241 
 and cloves, 150 
 and tolu, 100 
 of bitter almonds, mixture of, 142 
 of cloves and amber, 150 
 of turpentine, 78, 122 
 
 enema of, 63 
 linctus of, 130 
 liniment of, 220 
 mixture of, 54, 72, 
 
 126 
 ether, &c, 122 
 and laudanum, 139 
 and Spanish flies, 220 
 of juniper, mixture of, 71 
 of valerian and hartshorn, 149 
 of wormseed, mixture of, 121 
 Ointments, 245 
 Oleaginous mixture, 53, 54 
 
 and oil of turpen- 
 tine, 55 
 
INDEX. 
 
 293 
 
 Olive oil and ammonia, 122 
 Opium as a poison, 275 
 confection of, 135 
 enema of, 142 
 mixture of, 137 
 piUs of, 133 
 plaster of, 145 
 suppository of, 143 
 vinegar of, 138 
 wine of, 138 
 
 and acetate of ammonia, 226 
 and acetate of lead, 192 
 and alum, 191 
 bark and uva ursi, 76 
 and calomel, collyrium of, 223 
 calomel, and digitalis, 66 
 and camphor, collyrium of, 224 
 and camphor, 145, 226 
 and catechu, 196 
 and chalk, 198 
 and digitalis, 136 
 henbane, &c, 135 
 and iodide of potassium, 247 
 ipecacuanha, &c, 81, 93 
 
 and calomel, 81 
 and kino, pills of, 193 
 and lime-water, 144 
 and pellitory, 154 
 andrhatany, suppository of, 143 
 and rhubarb ointment, 249 
 and sulphate of copper, 159 
 and tar ointment, 249 
 and tartar emetic, 93 
 Orange-peel and chamomile, 171 
 
 and gentian, 173 
 Oxalic acid as a poison, 276 
 Ox gall, enema of, 62 
 pills of, 52 
 and calomel, 180 
 and Peruvian balsam, 229 
 Oxide of silver, ointment of, 251 
 pills of, 169 
 of zinc, collyrium of, 222 
 ointment of, 249 
 pills of, 168 
 and lime ointment, 251 
 and lime water, 237 
 
 P. 
 
 Panado, 264 
 Paregoric elixir, 138 
 Pareira Brava, decoction of, 70 
 Parrish's camphor mixture, 194 
 Parsley, infusion of, 68 s 
 
 Pea issue, 210 
 Pearson's solution, 185 
 Pellitory, masticatory of, 154 
 
 and opium, 154 
 Peristaltic persuaders, 50 
 
 Persesquinitrate of iron, 175 
 Peruvian bark, see Cinchona. 
 Petroleum, liniment of, 243 
 Phosphoric acid, solution of, 239 
 Phosphorus, as a poison, 276 
 emulsion of, 129 
 Phosphorated ether, 129 
 Phosphate of ammonia, 185 
 Pills, antibilious, 50 
 antigout, 48 
 antiseptic, 125 
 aperient, 51 
 aromatic, 125 
 Asiatic, 179 
 blue, 153 
 Dupuytren's, 151 
 Fothergill's, 49 
 Griffith's, 47 
 Hooper's, 112 
 Mitchell's tonic, 167 
 
 purgative, 49 
 Plummer's, 87 
 Kufus's, 51 
 soap, 77 
 Pink-root, infusion of, 120 
 
 fluid extract of, 122 
 and calomel, 117 
 and savine, 118 
 senna, &c, 120 
 Piperine, pills of, 158 
 Pipsissewa, decoction of, 69 
 infusion of, 86 
 spirituous decoction of, 69 
 Pleurisy root, infusion of, 87 
 Plummer's pills, 87 
 Podophyllin, pills of, 48 
 Poisons, 269 
 Pomegranate, decoction of, 120 
 
 gargle of, 235 
 Pommade ammoniacale, 219 
 Poppies, collyrium of, 227 
 Potash, caustic, 206 
 
 solution of, 219 
 and croton oil, 221 
 and opium, 206 
 Poultices, 253 
 Powders, antimonial, 80 
 Dover's, 80, 92 
 nitrous, 81 
 Seidlitz, 46 
 soda, 46, 82 
 Stevens's, 47 
 Proto nitrate of iron, 175 
 Pyroligneous acid, injection of, 229 
 
 ether, &c., 229 
 Prunes and senna, 59 
 Prussic acid, see Hydrocyanic Acid. 
 as a poison, 276 
 pectoral mixture, 105 
 
294 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Prussiate of iron and guaiac, 156 
 Purgative suppository, 64 
 Purgatives, 43 
 
 Quassia, infusion of, 171 
 pills of, 168 
 extract of, and tar, 94 
 Quinia, ferrocyanate of, 161 
 
 muriate of, belladonna, &c., 165 
 sulphate of, gargle of, 234 
 enema of, 164 
 injection of, 232 
 mixture of, 161 
 piUs of, 156 
 sirup of, 161 
 solution of, 161 
 and blue mass, 178 
 and carbonate of 
 
 ammonia, 157 
 opium and calomel, 
 
 178 
 and sulphate of 
 
 iron, 167 
 and tannic acid, 162 
 and tartar emetic, 
 
 42 
 and tartaric acid, 
 
 162 
 and Vallet's mass, 
 167 
 
 E. 
 
 Red oxide of mercury, collyrium of, 
 223 
 ointment of, 227, 
 
 245 
 pills of, 153 
 
 Rennet whey, 268 
 
 Resolvent cataplasm, 254 
 
 Rhatany, see Krameria. 
 
 Rhubarb, fluid extract of, 58 
 suppository of, 64 
 aloes and myrrh, 51 
 and calomel, 44 
 calomel and jalap, 44 
 and carbonate of soda, 199 
 Colombo, &c, 170 
 and crabs' claws, 198 
 and ipecacuanha, 38, 50, 253 
 and magnesia, 45, 56 
 and opium ointment, 249 
 quinia, &c, 165 
 and senna, 59 
 and sulphate of iron, 52 
 
 Rice gruel, 268 
 
 u;.ter, 262 
 
 Rubefacients, 215 
 
 Rufnfl'fl pills, 51 
 
 Sage tea, 262 
 
 alum and honey, 237 
 boneset, &c, 170 
 Sago, 264 
 
 Salaeratus, solution of, 77 
 Sal ammoniac, cinchona, &c, 166 
 
 squills, &c, 100 
 Salep powders, 264 
 Salt, common, 37 
 cataplasm, 255 
 and cochineal, 118 
 Saltpetre, see Nitrate of Potash. 
 Salt of tartar, see Carbonate of Potash. 
 Salicine, pills of, 158 
 Santonine, powder of, 118 
 Sarsaparilla beer, 91 
 
 decoction of, 89 
 Savine, powder of, 111 
 and borax, 111 
 and cantharides, 111 
 and pink-root, 118 
 and verdigris, 253 
 Scabious, infusion of, 68 
 Scudamore's mixture, 57 
 Seidlitz powders, 46 
 Semen contra, calomel, &c, 121 
 Senna, confection of, 52 
 decoction of, 59 
 fluid extract of, 58 
 infusion and tincture of, 58 
 and figs, electuary of, 53 
 and manna, 59 
 pink-root, &c, 120 
 and rhubarb, 59 
 and salts, 58, 63 
 Seneka, decoction of, 107, 113 
 sirup of, 96 
 ammoniac, &c, 99 
 and squill, 97 
 
 squill, and tartar emetic, 99 
 Serpentaria, infusion of, 170 
 
 and bark, 156 
 Setons, 210 
 Sialagogues, 151 
 Sirup of Laffecteur, 88 
 Slippery elm poultice, 254 
 Soap enema, 62 
 
 fomentation of, 257 
 liniment, 221 
 pills, 77 
 Soda powders, 46, 82 
 Sodium, chloride of, 37 
 Spermaceti mixture, 104 
 Spice plaster, 216 
 Bpigelia, see Pink-root. 
 Spirits of Mindereri, 83 
 
 and antimonial 
 wine, 83 
 
INDEX. 
 
 295 
 
 Spirits of Mindereri, and street spirits 
 
 of nitre, 83 
 Spirit of ether, and pyroiigneous acid, 
 
 229 
 Sponge, burnt, 181 
 Squill, compound sirup of, 41, 97 
 sirup of, 96, 98 
 tincture of ipecac, &c, 40 
 ammoniac, &c, 94 
 and calomel, 66, 94 
 carbonate of potash, &c, 73 
 colchicum, and tobacco, 72 
 and cream of tartar, 66 
 digitalis, and blue mass, 67 
 digitalis, and juniper, 67 
 and juniper, 71 
 myrrh, kc, 95 
 and nitre, 65 
 sal ammoniac, &c, 100 
 seneka, and ipecacuanha, 97 
 seneka, and tartar emetic, 99 
 Starch mucilage, 268 
 Stevens's saline powders, 47 
 Stimulants, 124 
 Stimulant fomentation, 257 
 Stramonium, decoction of, 144 
 extract of, 135 
 sokition of, 144 
 Strengthening plaster, 216 
 Strychnia, 185 
 
 collyrium of, 225 
 injection of, 233 
 mixture of, 141 
 pills of, 136 
 tincture of, 141 
 acetate of, 175 
 Subacetate of lead, collyrium of, 224 
 
 lotion of, 238 
 Subcarbonate of iron, powders of, 119, 
 164 
 and cinchona, 169 
 Subnitrate of bismuth, pills of, 168 
 
 powders of, 191 
 cubebs, &c.,130 
 Suet ptisan, 267 
 Sulphur, confection of, 53 
 
 ointment of, 248, 250 
 and cream of tartar, 46 
 and guaiac, 53 
 and magnesia, 46 
 Sulphate of cadmium, collyrium of, 225 
 solution of, 230 
 of copper, collyrium of,223,225 
 injection of, 232 
 pills of, 159 
 powder of, 38 
 solution of, 197 
 wash of, 237 
 and opium, 159 
 as a poison, 271 
 
 Sulphate of iron, collyrium of, 224 
 injection of, 232 
 pills of, 168 
 solution of, 244 
 aloes, &c, 112 
 and elixir of vitriol, 
 
 173 
 myrrh, &c, 111 
 and quinia, 167 
 red pepper, &c, 167 
 and rhubarb, 52 
 and sulphuric acid, 
 173 
 of magnesia, enema of, 62 
 and bark, 156 
 and nitric acid, 
 
 56 
 and senna, 58 
 and tartar eme- 
 tic, 55 
 of morphia, pills of, 134 
 
 solution of, 139 
 and borax, 244 
 and tannin, 193 
 tolu, &c, 107 
 of potash and jalap, 58 
 of quinia, see Quinia. 
 of zinc, as a poison, 277 
 gargle of, 234 
 injection of, 231 
 pills of, 94 
 powder of, 38 
 and alum, 39 
 and myrrh, 93 
 Sulphuret of antimony, calomel, &c, 81, 
 87 
 (red) of mercury, 87 
 of potassium, bath of, 256 
 
 lotion of, 238, 
 239 
 Sulphureo -gelatinous bath, 256 
 Sulphuric acid, gargle of, 235 
 
 mixture of, 173, 237 
 Suppositories, 63, 143 
 Sweet spirits of nitre, &c, 83 
 
 and antimonial 
 
 wine, 84 
 and laudanum, 84 
 Sydenham's laudanum, 138 
 
 Tannic acid, ointment of, 252 
 pills of, 193 
 solution of, 233, 244 
 and morphia, 193 
 and quinia, 162 
 Tapioca, 264 
 Tar beer, 103 
 
 ointment, 249 
 pills, 94 
 
296 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tar water, 103 
 wine of, 103 
 and calomel, 251 
 gentian and quassia, 94 
 and infusion of hops, 107 
 and opium, 249 
 Tartar emetic, as a poison, 270 
 enema of, 63 
 plaster of, 216 
 ointment of, 216 
 solution of, 39, 243 
 and ammonia, 241 
 and corrosive sublimate, 
 
 217 
 and ipecacuanha, 36, 38, 
 
 40 
 and laudanum, 100 
 and nitrate of potash, 84 
 and opium, 93 
 and quinia, 42 
 and sulphate of magne- 
 sia, 55 
 tolu, and morphia, 107 
 Tartar whey, 268 
 Tartaric acid and quinia, 162 
 Tartrate of iron and Colombo, 165 
 Tea, injection of, 232 
 Tin, as a poison, 277 
 electuary of, 121 
 Tobacco, fomentation of, 258 
 infusion of, 41 
 poultice of, 42 
 colchicum, and squill, 72 
 Tolu, inhalation of, 108 
 
 and acetate of morphia, 107 
 and belladonna, 104 
 and copaiba, 102 
 and digitalis, 102 
 morphia, and antimony, 107 
 and oil of amber, 100 
 seneka, &c, 99 
 and wine of antimony, 85 
 Tonics, 155 
 
 Turpentine, liniment of, 220 
 pills of, 07 
 calomel, &c, 119 
 and guaiacum, 124 
 Turpeth mineral, 37 
 
 U. 
 
 Urea, mixture of, 73 
 Uv:i ur.si, infusion of, 69 
 
 bark, and opium, 76 
 
 and buchu, 74 
 
 and soda, 65 
 
 V. 
 
 
 Valerian, infusion of, 149 
 and aconite, 86 
 and carbonate of ammonia, 126 
 and cinchona, 172, 173 
 and Hoffman's anodyne, 149 
 and rust of iron, 148 
 Valerianate of quinia, 125 
 
 of zinc, 148 
 Vallet's mass, 166 
 
 and quinia, 167 
 Vegetable soup, 266 
 Veratria, ointment of, 252 
 tincture of, 60 
 sulphate of, 57 
 Veratrumviride, see American Hellebore. 
 Vesication, instantaneous, 213 
 Vienna paste, 206 
 Verdigris, ointment of, 250 
 and calomel, 252 
 and savine, 253 
 Vinegar draught, 173 
 
 collyrium, 224 
 whey, 268 
 of opium, 138 
 Volatile liniment, 220, 241 
 
 W. 
 
 Water gruel, 263 
 Whey, alum, 196 
 
 mustard, 131 
 rennet, 268 
 tartar, 268 
 wine, 131 
 vinegar, 268 
 White linctus, 99 
 
 precipitate ointment, 247 
 Wild cherry bark, infusion of, 170 
 
 sirup of, 97 
 Wine mixture, 131 
 whey, 131 
 and bark, 163 
 of antimony, 39 
 of opium, 138 
 Wistar's cough lozenges, 95 
 Worm tea, 120 
 Wormseed oil, mixture of, 122 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yeast mixture, 128 
 poultice, 254 
 Yellow wash, 239 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zittman's decoction, 89 
 Zinc, as a poison, 277 
 
 pills of oxide, 168 
 
 powder of sulphate, 38 
 
 THE END.