Glass _ 
 
 Book_E 
 


HISTOEY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TOWN OF BURFORD 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 REV. JOHN FISHER, 
 
 LATE CURATE OF BURFORD ; 
 
 P 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OE BERKELEY/" GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 CHELTENHAM: 
 PUBLISHED BY R. EDTTARDS, 396, HIGH STREET. 
 
 L861. 
 

 
 o 
 
 
 
 ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL. 
 
 100%1 
 
 x^ 
 
TO 
 
 , HIS GRACE 
 
 THE DUKE OE ST. ALBANS, 
 
 EARL OE BUREORD, 
 AND BARON OF HEDDINGTON, 
 
 ETC. y ETC., ETC. 
 
 THIS VOLUME 
 
 IS, BY PERMISSION, MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
 BY HIS GBACE's MOST HUMBLE, 
 
 AND MOST OBEDLEXT SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The compilation of a local History is always one involving 
 much labour and research, but especially so when the in- 
 habitants of the Town that is the subject of it do not possess 
 any Antiquarian taste and are unable to render the requisite 
 information. The Author of this smajl Work has felt this 
 difficulty and discouragement, yet he has spared neither toil 
 nor zeal in collecting materials, and if they are more scanty 
 than he or his Eeaders could have desired it must be attributed 
 to the cause above alluded to. Important documents relating 
 to the Church-property and Town Charities* in the posses- 
 sion of Thomas Cheatle, Esq., have been unreservedly placed 
 at his disposal, and to that gentleman he returns his grateful 
 thanks for the privilege so kindly accorded. He also begs to 
 offer his sincere thanks to W. E. Cooke, Esq., for his liberality « 
 in presenting two Illustrations to the Work, and to five other 
 kind friends for their contributions towards other Illustrations, 
 without which assistance the Work would probably not have 
 been published in consequence of the inadequate number of 
 
 * An account of these Charities was published by the Charity- 
 Commissioners in the year 1827, and therefore will not be inserted 
 in this Work. 
 
VI. I'll K FACE. 
 
 Subscribers. The Author, finding the place full of Anti- 
 quarian interest and devoid of any regular History, undertook 
 the task of supplying one, and he trusts it may be acceptable 
 to the inhabitants of this ancient town as well as to occasional 
 Visitors. 
 
 If it succeed in imparting more interest in the antiquities 
 and historical events connected with Burford and the locality 
 
 his object will have been attained. 
 
 \ J. FISHER. 
 
 Wonastow Court, 
 
 I 
 Near Monmouth. 
 
 4 Sept. 1861. 
 
C N T E NTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Town 1 
 
 Privilege of Hunting 9 
 
 Origin of Yert and Venison 11 
 
 Royal Visits ■ 12 
 
 The Trade, Poor-rates, Market, Pairs, and Streets 13,14 
 
 Guildenford, and the Rectory 15 
 
 The Vicarage, and Cob-hall 16 
 
 Inscriptions on houses 17 
 
 Assizes and Sessions, Petty Sessions, Dissenting Chapels, and Popu- 
 lation-tables 18 
 
 A Proverb, the Bridge 19 
 
 A curious riddle , " 21 
 
 Of Stones 22 
 
 Kitt's Quarries, aud Sainfoin 23 
 
 A cutting-roller ... 24 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Church 25 
 
 West front ... 26 
 
 South porch 27 
 
 The Tower and Steeple ; Curfew-bell 28 
 
 North side and Nave 29 
 
 Pont and North Aisle ... 30 
 
 South Aisle * 31 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel ; Stone Coffins 32 
 
 Leggare's and Bartholomew's Chapels 33 
 
 The Chancel • 34 
 
 The Vestry, and Tanfield's Chapel 35 
 
 Pynnock's Chapel and Priory Pew 36 
 
 The Churchyard 37 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Manor 39 
 
 The battle of Bannockburn « 41 
 
 ♦ 
 
Vlll. CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Earl Despeneer executed as a traitor 42 
 
 Thomas of Woodstock murdered 44 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Priory ; derivation of Harman 51 
 
 Distich on Francis Lord Lovell 52 
 
 The Chapel, the Gardens, and a murder here 54 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 Eminent Men. 
 
 William Lenthall 56 
 
 His death-bed confession 58 
 
 Oliver Cromwell's two letters to him 60 
 
 Peter Heylyn 71 
 
 Lucius Cary, afterwards Lord Falkland 73 
 
 Slain at the battle of Newbury 75 
 
 The Sortes Virgilianse 77 
 
 Lord Falkland's petition to the King in behalf of his rebellious Son 79 
 
 Marchemont Needam 81 
 
 John Wilmot, afterwards Earl of Rochester 85 
 
 Charles Jenkinson, afterwards Baron of Hawkesbury 88 
 
 William Beechey 90 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Miscellaneous Observations. 
 
 The Soil ; Fulbrook Chapelry ; Pancake-bell 
 
 Tables of Benefactions and Inscriptions in the Church 
 
 The Eree-School ..: ... 
 
 The Almshouses ; Getting a prize 
 
 Parish-Registers ; the Vicar 
 
 The Manor of Fulbrook 
 
 93 
 
 94 
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 
 Page. 
 
 Line 
 
 3. 
 
 11. 
 
 •1. 
 
 5. 
 
 , 
 
 9. 
 
 8. 
 
 28. 
 
 15. 
 
 27. 
 
 SB. 
 
 23, 
 
 7:5. 
 
 9. 
 
 
 11. 
 
 
 24. 
 
 99. 
 
 1. 
 
 105. 
 
 15. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 After the word Litchfield a full stop instead of a comma. 
 
 For iEthelhum read /Ethelhun. 
 
 For iEthelliiun read JSthellum. 
 
 Tor parden read pardon. 
 
 For closeby read close by. 
 
 For 173"-) read 1629. 
 
 Alter the word matter a full stop instead of a comma. 
 
 lor Political read Poetical. 
 
 For puplished republished. 
 
 For B13 read dBSl. 
 
 For journed read journej ed. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 TOWN OF BUEFOED, ETC 
 
 CHAPTER I . 
 
 THE TOWN. 
 
 " c Describe the Borough' — though our idle tribe* 
 
 May love description, can we so describe, 
 
 That you shall fairly streets and buildings trace, 
 
 And all that gives distinction to a place ?" 
 
 Or ABBE. 
 
 Btjkford is a market-town, in the Hundred of Bampton, 
 situate on the western extremity of the county of Oxford, 
 and seated on a southern ascent on the banks of the river 
 Wmdrush, 72 miles from London by the road through 
 High Wycombe, and 76 through Henley-on-Thames, 18 
 N.W. from Oxford, 7 from Witney, and 22 from Chel- 
 tenham. 
 
 This river takes its rise in the Cottswold hills, and 
 possesses some abstergent qualities which contribute to 
 the whiteness and softness of the excellent and indeed 
 unrivalled blankets manufactured at Witney. It is like- 
 
2 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 wise celebrated for its Jack, Trout, Eels, and Cray-fish, 
 which are plentiful and of the finest quality. 
 
 Burford in Saxon Beorgford. Camden says, Beorg 
 means a hill or barrow; hence the derivation of the 
 name, a town built on a Beorg or hill, at the bottom of 
 which was a, ford, and over which a bridge was built in 
 the year 1416. A Roman barrow has never been dis- 
 covered here. 
 
 In the Saxon times Ethelred, 7th king of Mercia, 
 committed the county of Oxford, as the southern part of 
 his kingdom, to Berthwald, his nephew, a son of his 
 brother Wulfhere* who under the title of king had the 
 command of this county, and who with the joint autho- 
 rity of Ethelred convened a Synod here (at Burford) in 
 A.D. 685, at which were present the two kings Ethelred 
 and Berthwald, Theodore archbishop of Canterbury, 
 Sexwulph bishop of Litchfield, Bosel bishop of Worces- 
 ter, and others, where king Berthiuald gave by Charter 
 to Adhelm, abbot of Malmesbury, forty Cassates of land 
 at Sumerford in Wiltshire ; which Adhelm, afterwards 
 bishop of Sherborne, now only priest and abbot, was here 
 present, and at command of this Synod wrote a book 
 against the error of the British Christians in the obser- 
 vation of Easter, and other different rites wherein they 
 disturbed the peace of the Church : the reading of which 
 book reclaimed many of those Britons who were under 
 the West Saxons.f 
 
 After this time Oxfordshire was an unmolested part 
 
 * Will. Malms, de Pontif. 1. 5. 
 
 f M.S. Lieger-book of M almesbury. 
 
THE TOWX. 
 
 of the Mercian kingdom, during the reign of Ethelred 
 who repenting of his former life, quits his crown, and 
 becomes a monk in the year 704, and of his successor and 
 nephew Cenred, 8th king of Mercia, who resigned his 
 crown to Ceolred or Cdred, 9th king of Mercia, (Ethel- 
 red's son) AD. 709, who makes war with Ina, king of the 
 west Saxons, at Wodensburh, in Wiltshire, where the 
 victory remained doubtful, prodigious slaughter being 
 made in both armies,* the peace was renewed. In the 
 year of our Lord 716 Ceolred departed this life, and was 
 buried in the Cathedral church of Litchfield, He dying 
 without issue, Ethelbald, the son of Alweo, the son of 
 Eoppa, the son of Wibba second king of Mercia, was 
 advanced to the royal dignity, and was the 10th king of 
 Mercia. The first action of consequence performed by 
 Mhelbald, was his invasion upon Ethelheard, king of the 
 tvest Saxons, in the year 723 ; he besieged his chief 
 town of Sommerton, in the county of Somerset, in 
 the year 733 ; afterwards he invaded Northumberland, 
 A.D. 740, gained great spoils, and returned in triumph 
 back again to Mercia. 
 
 He again invaded the %vest Saxons, committed many 
 outrages, put several parts of that country under tribute 
 and contribution, which so provoked the princes and the 
 people that Guthred, successor to Ethelheard, being no 
 longer able to endure the proud exactions and inso- 
 lences of the Mercian king, raised an army and 
 marched into these borders of Mercia in the year 752-f*. 
 
 * Mat. West, sub, an. f Cliron. Sax. 
 
HISTOKY OF BTJKFORD. 
 
 Here (at Beorgford) king Mhelbald met him,* where 
 they began a most desperate battle, which was gained by 
 Cuthred. The success in this important battle is said to 
 have been chiefly owing to the great valour and conduct 
 of jEthelhum, a nobleman of great repute in the king- 
 dom, and who had rebelled against his sovereign but was 
 pardoned. Mhelbald had a standard whereon was em- 
 blazoned a golden dragon, carried before him by JUthel- 
 hum, who was killed with a lance by the standard-bearer 
 of king Cuthred, which taking of the colours was a great 
 encouragement to the west Saxons ; but the victory was 
 long depending, and not gained without considerable 
 slaughter on either side. 
 
 At last king Mhelbald was forced to fly, his army was 
 overthrown with prodigious slaughter, he himself, with 
 the remnant, making their escape by a precipitate flight, 
 and leaving a joyful victory to Cuthred, who by this de- 
 feat gained the greatest part of this county. "f* This 
 battle was fought at a place still called Battle-edge, west 
 of the town, between it and Upton. In memory of 
 Mhelbald's standard being taken, and of this victory, 
 there was long a custom here (not within memory) of 
 making a dragon yearly, and carrying it up and down 
 the 'town with great merriment on midsummer-eve ; to 
 which the townsmen added a giant, for what reason not 
 known. 
 
 At the time of the Norman Survey, Burford was 
 held by Earl Alberic; and after the Conquest it was 
 the town of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, whose son 
 
 * Chron. Sax. f Mat. West. 
 
Tin: towx. 
 
 William had a Charter granted by king Henry II. to 
 '*' this his town of Burford/' granting it all the privileges 
 of the city of Oxford, " Gilclam et omnes consuetudines 
 quas habent liberi Burgenses de Oxeneforde" ; "most 
 of which/' Plot writes, " it has since lost, and chiefly by 
 the overruling power of Sir Lawrence Tanjield, Lord 
 chief Baron in Queen Elizabeth's time : yet it still re- 
 tains the face of a Corporation, having a common 
 seal," &c. p. 356. Who the succeeding Lords of this 
 manor were will be reserved for a separate chapter. 
 
 This town was a very ancient Borough, and according 
 to Brown Willis sent a member to Parliament, but was 
 relieved from this formerly expensive privilege by 
 petition. 
 
 It was governed by two Bailiffs and ten Burgesses, and 
 is described in old documents thus, " The Bailiffs and 
 Burgesses of Burford/' 
 
 Their duties, however, were neither numerous nor 
 onerous. The supervision of some Charities, upon the 
 proceeds of one of which, by will of its Founder, they 
 feasted in true aldermanic style once a year ;* and the 
 presentation to, and visitation of the Grammar School, 
 constituted, the author believes, the whole of their 
 official duties. They elected a Corporate-body annually, 
 though they were clothed mth no magisterial power, nor 
 did they support any political importance. 
 
 At a very early period the borough of Burford was a 
 place of much consequence, and was considered of suf- 
 ficient importance to be from time to time favoured with 
 
 * This custom lias been discontinued some years. 
 
HISTOKY OF BoKFOlO). 
 
 no less than sixteen charters, the parchments of which 
 are still preserved by T. Cheatle, Esq. 
 
 The Corporation has for many years been on the wane 
 owing to the non-appointment of fresh members in the 
 place of those who died, and in December, 1859, the 
 Corporate-body was declared to be extinct ; and the 
 management of the many and valuable charities of the 
 town was given up to the Charity-Commissioners. In 
 the Visitation of the county of Oxford, 1574, the Seal of 
 this town is thus entered : a lion rampant guardant 
 within a circle, (not on a shield), and on the circle 
 Ct Sigilom Commone Borg et vile de Boreforde." This 
 seal (together with the mace, now in the possession of T. 
 Cheatle, Esq.,) contains a device but not ■ Armorial 
 bearings. 
 
 The following are copies of entries in the Burgesses' 
 account book : — 
 
 " An 1566. P d to the Kyng of Heraldes for Keges- 
 tryng the towne Seale. i?20/' 
 
 " An 1 574 More paid to the Haroulde of Armes for 
 oure Seale. ^10." 
 
 Plot says, " the common seal of Burford is the very 
 same with Henley-on-Thames, as described in the map, if 
 they differ not in colours, which I could not learn/' p. 356. 
 He was in error here, since tftte Corporation-seal of Henley 
 in 1624 was the letter H, surmounted by the Koyal 
 badge, of the rays of the sun issuing from a cloud, 
 crowned with this legend : Sigillum villce de Henley. 
 With this badge also the money coined at Henley was 
 stamped. 
 
THE TOWN SEAL . 
 
» HISTORY OF RXIRFORD. 
 
 as the clocks are striking midnight. He has beset some 
 hundreds of mutineers, who could only fire some shots 
 out of windows, has dissipated the mutiny, trodden down 
 the levelling principle out of English affairs once more. 
 Here is the last scene of the business. The rigorous 
 Court-martial having now sat, the decimated doomed 
 mutineers being placed on the leads of the church to see." 
 "Thursday, 17th May. This day in Burford church- 
 yard, Cornet Thompson was brought to the place of 
 execution and expressed himself to this purpose : That 
 it was just what did befal him, that God did not own the 
 ways he went, that he had offended the General, he de- 
 sired the prayers of the people, and told the soldiers who 
 were appointed to shoot him that when he held up his 
 hands they should do their duty. And accordingly he 
 was immediately after the sign given shot to death. 
 Next after him was a Corporal brought to the same place 
 of execution, where looking upon his fellow-mutineers he 
 set his back against the wall and bade them who were 
 appointed ' shoot/ and died desperately. The third being 
 also a Corporal was brought to the same place and with- 
 out the least acknowledgement of error or show of fear 
 he pulled off his doublet, standing a pretty distance from 
 the wall, he bade the soldiers do their duty looking them 
 in the face till they gave fire, not showing the least kind 
 of terror, or fearfulness of spirit. Cornet Dean, who now 
 came forward as the next to be shot, expressed penitence, 
 got parden of the General, and there was no more shoot- 
 ing. Lieut-General Cromwell went into the church, 
 called down the decimated of the mutineers, rebuked, 
 
THE TOWff. 9 
 
 admonished, said the General in his mercy had forgiven 
 them. ' Go, repent, rebel no more, lest a worse thing 
 befal you/ They wept, they retired to Devizes for a 
 time, were restored to their Regiments, and marched 
 cheerfully for Ireland/' 
 
 The following is extracted from the Register Book in 
 Burford church : — 
 
 BURIALS. 
 
 "1649. Three soldiers shot to death in Burford 
 churchyard, buried May 17/' 
 
 This town was of note by giving the title. of Earl to 
 Charles Beauclair, who was created Baron of Hed- 
 dington and Earl of Burford, 27th Dec. 1676; and 
 afterwards created Duke of St Albans, whose eldest 
 son is by courtesy Earl of Burford. 
 
 PRIVILEGE OF HUNTING. 
 
 The inhabitants of this town formerly claimed the 
 privilege of hunting one day in every year in the forest 
 of Wyehwood, but during a pestilence in the reign of 
 Elizabeth, A.D. 1593, the right was commuted for a 
 largess of venison, from a dread of the consequences that 
 might result to the public health from the concourse of 
 persons that was wont to assemble, A gift of a pair of 
 Bucks without the hunting of them was substituted, and 
 was for many years perpetuated. " On the afternoon of 
 every Whitsunday," writes Mr. Brewer, " the Church- 
 wardens accompanied by many of the inhabitants go in 
 a kind of procession to Cap's Lodge plain within the 
 
10 HISTORY OF BTJRFORD. 
 
 borders of the forest where they choose a Lord and a 
 Lady who are generally a boy and a girl of Burford. 
 These titular personages formally demanded of one or 
 more of the keepers of the forest (who always attend for 
 the purpose) a brace of best bucks and a fawn without 
 fee or reward with their horns and hoofs for the use of 
 the town of Burford to be delivered on due notice pre- 
 viously given for that purpose. 
 
 About the first week in August the- Bucks were sent 
 for, and a venison feast is provided by the Churchwardens, 
 which is held in the Town-hall, and is usually attended 
 by some hundreds of persons. 
 
 The expenses of this gala are defrayed by the com- 
 pany, and many of the neighbouring gentry usually 
 graced the hall with their presence/' 
 
 The custom of choosing the Lord and Lady was aban- 
 doned about the year 1827 in consequence of the gross 
 improprieties it led to on such a solemn feast of the 
 church as Whitsunday, but the Bucks were claimed and 
 regularly sent till about the year 1854. 
 
 In ] 857, when the disafforestation of the forest was 
 nearly completed, a grant of i?150 was made to the 
 Town in lieu of the Bucks. This sum was expended to- 
 wards defraying a debt incurred by the Corporation. 
 
 The following is a copy of a letter in the possession of 
 Mr. John Banbury, late Parish Clerk : — 
 
 " From y e Lords of y e Counsell in y e Kaigne of Queen 
 ELIZABETH concerning our Hunting/' 
 
 "After our harty commendcons. Whereas it is her 
 Ma tys expresse commandment y* all assemblys w ch are 
 
JOHN E 
 
 RY 3 
 
 
THE TOWN. 11 
 
 not of necessitie and for y e benefit of y e comonwealth, be 
 forborne in this dangerous time of infecon of y e Plague 
 w ch spreadeth y 1 selfe in many places, whereby yf great care 
 be not had to keepe the people of this Realme from un- 
 necessarie assemblys y 1 is thought y fc great, mortalitie will 
 *ensue. And whereas you of y e Towne of Burford by an 
 ancyent custom have hunting within her Ma 1 ? 8 Forest 
 of Wichwood, in y e countie of Oxon, on Whitsunday, by 
 reason whereof many people of divers Townes whereof 
 some are infected will be drawn together to y e hassard of 
 many her Ma^ s subjects. These are therefore in her 
 Ma^ s name to require y w to forbear your hunting there 
 for this year, and order shall be given to y e Keepers of 
 y e s d Forest, to deliver unto y w two Bucks, to be spent 
 amongst y w at your owne disposicon, besides this your 
 forbearing for this time shall not be any prejudice to 
 your s d ancyent custome hereafter. And thus not doubt- 
 ing of your accomplishment hereof being her Ma tys plea- 
 sure and required only for your saftie wee comitt y w to 
 God from Nonsuche y e xx th of May 1593. 
 Your loving friends, 
 H. Derby. Henry Howard, 
 
 J. Pickering. J. Fortesctje. 
 
 R Cecyll. J. Walley. 
 
 To our loving friends the BaylifTs and other the 
 companie and Inhabitants of the Towne of Burford/' 
 
 Origin of the custom of Vert and Venison. 
 Vert, or green hue, in Forest-law, anything that grows 
 and bears a green leaf within the forest, that may cover 
 a deer. 
 
12 HISTORY OF BFKFOKP. 
 
 ROYAL VISITS. 
 
 From the Burgesses' Account-book the following : — - 
 
 " The yeare of our Lorde God A 1574. The Shew daye 
 beinge the 3rd daye of Auguste the Queenes Maiestye 
 came from Langley* throughe the Towne of Burforde 
 where shee was Reseved at the Bridge by the Baylyffes 
 then beinge Rycharde Heynoldes and Rycharde Chad- 
 well and Symon Wysdom alderman w th all the Burgess 
 of the same Towne p r sentinge her Grace w th a purse of 
 gowlde and xx fi anngells in the same purse." 
 
 From the Churchwardens Account-books the follow- 
 ing:— 
 
 "1645. Payed for Ringinge when the Kinge came 
 first to Burford. 5s." 
 
 " 1681. Pd. the Ringers on the 17th March the time 
 the King came to Burford. £1." 
 
 " 1687. Pd. the Ringers when the King came through 
 the Town. £\ „ „ 0." 
 
 Macaulay, in his History of England, writes thus : — 
 " A.r>. 1695. The next morning the king, accompanied 
 by a multitude of Warwickshire gentlemen on horseback, 
 proceeded towards the borders of Gloucestershire. He 
 deviated from his route to dine with Shrewsbury at a 
 secluded mansion in the Wolds, and in the evening went 
 on to Burford.f The whole population of Burford met 
 
 * Langley is about a mile from Burford, and was formerly much 
 frequented by the Kings and Queens of England. 
 
 f The king remained at the Priory here this night, Nov. 5. 
 
THE TOWN. 13 
 
 him, and entreated him to accept a small token of their 
 love. Burford was then renowned for its saddles. One 
 inhabitant of the town, in particular, was said by the 
 English to be the best saddler in Europe. Two of his 
 master-pieces were respectfully offered to William, who 
 received them with much grace, and ordered them to be 
 specially reserved for his own use/' 
 
 Yol. IV. p. 612. 1st Edition. 1855. 
 Vol VII. p. 242, 2nd Edition. 1858. 
 
 Here was once a thriving trade, but at the present 
 day it is a quiet and insignificant place, becoming yearly 
 of less importance. Before Railroads intersected the county 
 the traffic through the town was very considerable, and 
 numerous coaches passed and repassed through it daily ; 
 the manufacture of coarse woollen-cloths was very great ; 
 and in the early part of the last century great quantities 
 of malt* were made here and conveyed to London by 
 the river Thames* from Radcot-Bridge, b near Faring- 
 don, Berks. The fact of a Railroad not touching the 
 town (the nearest Station is at Shipton-under-Wychwood, 
 5 miles distant), and only two coaches running daily 
 (Sundays excepted) to and from Oxford and Cheltenham, 
 necessarily deprive it of its trade. 
 
 The sign of this decline in its importance is visible 
 everywhere ; and a writer upon Oxfordshire has truth- 
 fully observed, " Burford has diminished in wealth and 
 importance from the decay of the coarse woollen manu- 
 facture, and the malting business^ which once flourished 
 
 * Malt mills of stone first made here by Valentine Strange. 
 a See Note A. b See Note B. 
 
14 HISTOEY OF BTJRFOKD. 
 
 there, and from the diminished traffic along the line of 
 road which passes through the town." 
 
 Its woollen-factories, and its paper and fulling-mills on 
 the Windrush, are no more ; and the manufacture of 
 Harness which once flourished here has shared in the 
 general decay. 
 
 In consequence of want of trade the Poor-rates have 
 been very high ; — in 1818 and 1819 there were 19 rates 
 at Is. in the pound each year ; in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 
 1823 there were 20 rates at Is. in the pound each year. 
 They have not been anything like so high of late years. 
 
 Here is a weekly market on Saturday, when much 
 business is done at the corn-market ; and three annual 
 fairs, viz. : — the last Saturday in April, for cattle and 
 sheep ; July 5, for horses, sheep, and cows : and Sept. 
 25, for sheep, cows, and toys : this fair was originally 
 for cheese and toys. 
 
 The town consists of three streets, viz. : — High Street, 
 intersected by Sheep Street and Witney Street, which 
 form a cross ; and four lanes, viz. : — Mullender, now 
 called Swan ; Priory, Church, and Lawrence. 
 
 The Causeways are bad, uncovered drains from the 
 houses flowing over them, and consequently very dirty ; 
 the houses are ancient for the most part, built in the 
 reign of Elizabeth ; and the High Street is profusely 
 studded with archways of various architecture leading 
 into houses, courts, and alleys. 
 
 The immense number of public-houses,* 16, (19 last 
 
 * See Gentleman's Magazine for February, 1803, Vol. 73, Page 
 198, for an account of Arthur Barry Shears an Irish gentleman 
 
THE TOWBT. 15 
 
 year) at once strikes the eye of the stranger who visits 
 this town, but upon enquiry he finds that the majority of 
 the landlords are engaged in trade. 
 
 At the corner of Sheep Street, facing the High Street, 
 still stands the old Tolsey with its lock-up-cells, and the 
 stocks adjoining, now disused. 
 
 Opposite this is a very old and picturesque house, with 
 its gable-ends handsomely ornamented with wood work. 
 
 In Witney Street is a fine old chapel, the middle of 
 which has been pulled down and a public-house inserted 
 instead ; one end is occupied by a labourer, the other is 
 not used ; and the fine spiral wood chimney is worthy of 
 notice. 
 
 Leading from this street is Guildenford, a road to the 
 church and lower end of the town. At the bottom of 
 Guildenford is the river Wind-rush with its ford, hence 
 the author considers this name was derived from the 
 custom of passengers paying toll ; or it might have been 
 in connection with the ancient Guild, Gildam to pay, be- 
 cause each member of the society was to pay something 
 towards the charge and support of the company. The 
 Guild* or company, of our ancestors answered to our 
 modern Corporations — the Guild of Burford is now no 
 more, as has been observed before. 
 
 At the end of Priory-lane is the Eectory, a fine old 
 stone mansion, now occupied by W. Waller, Esq. ; and 
 closeby is the Priory, to be mentioned hereafter. 
 
 travelling with his wife and lodging at the Bull Inn on retiring to 
 rest about 10 o'clock blew his brains out with a pistol. 
 c See Note C. d See Note D. 
 
16 HISTOHY OF UUKFORD. 
 
 At the corner of this lane, facing the High Street, is 
 a large old stone house with a beautiful Oriel window, 
 formerly known as the Bear Inn, but now much dila- 
 pidated and let out' in tenements. Lower down the 
 High Street and on the same side is situated the Vicarage, 
 on which is the date 1672, a large and commodious house. 
 
 Adjoining this is a very ancient and large building 
 called Cob-Hail* but what it has originally been can- 
 not at this distance of time be discovered. The earliest 
 Deed the author has been able, after very diligent search, 
 to find is, George Symons' will dated 19 Jan. 1590, in 
 which he gives "my no we dwellinge house in Burford 
 called Cob-hall to the poore of the Parish/' &c,, &c. By 
 six subsequent Leases (the first of which is dated 1 May 
 1650) the author has ascertained that this house was 
 converted into an Inn called The Swan ; the last Lease 
 bears date 10 Dec. 1717, when it was again let for the 
 term of 21 years. It has, however, not been an Inn 
 within the memory of man, and is now occupied by three 
 poor families, and the Boys' National School. 
 
 *Upon an old house at the foot of the Bridge, in the oc- 
 cupation of Edward Ansell, Currier, is the following 
 inscription : — 
 
 SYMON WYSDOMf ALDERMAN 
 
 THE EYRST EOUNDER OE THE SCHOLE 
 
 * Cob in old Dictionaries has several meanings attached to it ; 
 among others that of a Swan, hence the author conceives that when 
 it became an Inn it was called " the Swan." 
 
 f In or about the year 1530, "Simon Wisdom, of Burford was 
 charged in judgment for having three books in English, one was the 
 
THE TOWN. 17 
 
 IN BUREORD GAYE THES TENEMENTS 
 WYTHE OTHER TO THE SAME SCHOLE 
 IN AN. 1577. AND NEWLY REEDYEYED 
 AND BUYLDED THE SAME IN AN. 1576. 
 ALL LAWDE AND PRAYSE BE GEVEN 
 TO GOD THER EORE. AMEN. 
 
 On a stone in the wall of the Grammar-School in 
 Church-lane is the following inscription : — 
 
 ALL LAUDE AND PRAISE BE TO GOD 
 Ao R REGL$ DE ELIZABETH XXI 
 SYMON WYSDOM ALDER- * 
 
 MAN OE BUREORD REEDYEIED 
 AND BUYLDED THIS HOUSE 
 A° Do* 1579. 
 
 w 
 
 The stone on which the above inscription is was re- 
 moved from the Wysdom Almshouse in this Lane by the 
 Rev. F. Knollys, a former Vicar, and after his death it 
 being found in the Vicarage-house was inserted in the 
 School-house wall. 
 
 On the Almshouses in Church-Green is this inscription : 
 
 THESE ALMSHOUSES 
 
 WERE EOUNDED BY 
 
 RICHARD EARL OE WARWICK 
 
 IN THE YEAR 1457. 
 
 AND WERE REBUILT 
 
 IN THE YEAR 
 
 1828. 
 
 Gospels in English, another was the Psalter, the third was the sum 
 of the holy Scripture in English." 
 
 Eoxe's Acts and Monuments. 
 
 Seymour's Edition, p. 503. 
 
 D 
 
HISTOKY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 There are two or three very good and substantial 
 private residences in the town, evidently built within the 
 last 150 years. 
 
 The Assizes and Sessions. 
 
 From the Churchwatdens' Account-book it is proved 
 that Assizes were held here, the following is a copy of 
 an entry therein*: — 
 
 "1637. To the Singers the 14th of July when the 
 Judges did keepe the Assizes here/' It is also recorded 
 therein^ some years later, that Sessions were held here 
 at the Epiphany, Easter, Trinity, and Michaelmas Terms, 
 yearly. 
 
 Petty Sessions are held at the Savings' Bank (which 
 was established in the year 1826) by the Magistrates of 
 the Western division of the Hundred of Bampton the 
 last Saturday of every month, and that day fortnight 
 previous. 
 
 The Wesleyan Chapel, having a very handsome stone 
 front, is situate in the High Street, and has a Burial- 
 ground attached. This Chapel was formerly a gentle- 
 man's mansion, from whom it was purchased by the 
 Wesley cms in the year 1849. There is a Baptist Chapel 
 in Wiimey Street, with a Burial-ground ; and there is a 
 sect called Plymouth Brethren. 
 
 The following is an extract from the Population 
 Tables — Burford Township : — 
 
 1801. 1811. 1821.- 1831. 1841. 1851. 1861. 
 
 Total.. 1516. 1342. 1409. 1620. 1644. 1593. 1434. 
 Males. . 748. 634. 691. 781. 812. 771. 703. 
 
THE TOWN. 19 
 
 A Proverb. 
 
 " To take a Burford-bait" was a proverbial expression, 
 which signified not to stay the stomach, but to over- 
 charge it by an intemperate meal. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 The Bridge. 
 
 The following inscription was formerly in the West 
 window of St. Katherine's Aisle, St. Helen's Church, 
 Abingdon, Bucks ; but it was destroyed during the Civil 
 Wars, when Waller's horse used the Aisle for stabling : 
 
 cc Henricus quintus quarto fundaverat anno,* 
 » Rex pontem Burford super undas atque CuLhamford. 
 
 ejus Abingdonise mauet annis 
 
 demise 
 Pontem sit fundans, in caelo Rex sit habundans, 
 M. Domini que quater, C. Sextus, tumque de 
 
 On the day of St. Albone, one Howchum layd the first stone, 
 And never fayled to the end, to heaven mot his soul wend. 
 
 Pray for the soule of Geffrey Barber, 
 
 Eor he was the bridge's greatest helper, 
 
 Pray for the soule of Thomas Tickhill, Mercer, 
 
 Eor he was to the bridge a good helper, 
 
 Pray for the soule of Wry. Wesley, 
 
 Eor his good " 
 
 So though Henry V. had the honour of building Bur- 
 
 * These lines are alluded to by Camden, and the two first printed 
 in a note by Gough, I. 147. 
 
20 HISTORY OF BUEFOHD. 
 
 ford and Culhamford bridges, the former was begun by- 
 Sir John, of St. Helen's, and Geffrey Barber was a large 
 contributor, and indeed principal founder to both and to 
 the causeway between them, as appears at large by a 
 tablet still banging in the Hall of Christ's Hospital, 
 Abingdon, the inscription on which is printed at length 
 in a long note of Hearne, to Leland, VII. p. 79, 80. 
 
 Another account from Ex tabula pensili : 
 
 "Anno 4. Henrici V. pontes de Bordforde et Culham- 
 forde prope Abbandune incepti sunt autove rege anno 
 Bom. 1416." 
 
 Though king Henry the 5th is here said to be the 
 Founder not only of Bur ford, but of Culhamford bridge, 
 yet this is to be understood only by way of compliment, 
 and it is grounded only upon the liberty given by him 
 for building the bridges, and upon some other small pri- 
 vileges that he allowed at this time. For it is certain 
 that John, of St. Helen's, was the first beginner of Bur- 
 ford bridge, to the maintenance of which and of the 
 Hospital of St. Helen's that he had founded, he left an 
 estate in land of 50 pounds a year. 
 
 Leland } s Itin. Vol. VII. p. 71. 
 
 The Author informs the Reader thai there still exists, 
 in the Hall of Christ's Hospital, Abingdon, the original 
 table describing the circumstances connected with the 
 building of the bridges. 
 
 The Latin portion of it is as follows : — 
 
 " Henrici quinti regis quarto revoluto 
 
 Anno, rex idem pontem fundavifc utrumque, 
 Supra locum binum Borford dictumq. Culhamford. 
 
THE TOWN. 21 
 
 Tuter eos namque via regia tendit alta. 
 Amiis adjunctis dat inter gradientibus amplum : 
 Principium cujus Abendonise situatur. 
 Armis tunc donum M. quater C. numeratis. 
 Et seato deno cum fecit opus pietatis. 
 Yos qui transitis hujus memores bene sitis. 
 Et vestris peccibus ftmdator sit relevatus." 
 Then follows a black-letter metrical narrative, which 
 is too long to copy. It mentions that the first stone was 
 laid on St. Alban's day, by John Huchum, that Sir Peris 
 Besillis, Knight, gave the stones for the building, that 
 JerTray Barbour paid the workmen, and many other de- 
 tails of the work. And it ends with this curious riddle : G 
 " Take the ferst letter of youre foure- 
 fader with A, the worker of wex, and 
 I, and N 3 the colore of an asse ; set 
 them togeder, and tell me if you can, 
 what is it than. Richard Eannande 
 Iremonger hath made this tabul. And 
 set it here in the yere of King Henry 
 the Sexte. XXXVPe ." 
 
 The following account is from the Gentleman's Maga- 
 zine for Oct. 1797. Vol. 67. Part 2. Page 880. 
 
 " Burford, Sept. 13, 1797. Yesterday this town and its 
 neighbourhood was visited by one of the most violent 
 storms ever remembered. 
 
 It came on about 9 P.M. the wind being in a south- 
 westerly direction, and blowing very roughly, At ten 
 the rain descended in torrents, mixed with hail-stones of 
 an uncommonly-large size, and accompanied with very 
 
 e Those who cannot guess this riddle will find the answer to it 
 under Note E. 
 
22 HISTORY OF BITKFOKD. 
 
 tremendous thunder and lightning. In about two hours 
 the thunder and lightning went off, the rain still con- 
 tinuing to pour down in a degree not remembered in this 
 place by the oldest inhabitant. We have not heard of 
 any damage from the lightning ; but, in consequence of 
 the heavy fall of rain, the Windrush, a small river near 
 this place, was so much swelled in course of the night, 
 as to carry away the bridge between this town and 
 FuUbrook." 
 
 Of Stones. 
 
 There are stones called Brontice and Ombrice found in 
 great abundance at Tangley, Fullbrook, and about Bur- 
 ford, but not in beds together like some other formed 
 stones. Though its innermost texture seem to be nothing 
 more than a coarse Bubble-stone, yet it is cased over 
 with a fine laminated substance (the plates lying 
 obliquely) much like Lapis Judaicus. In form they 
 are flat, depressed upon the basis ; in colour generally 
 yellow, their rays made of a double rank of transverse 
 lines, with void spaces between them, visible enough on 
 the top of the stone, but not so distinguishable on the 
 bottom. The whole body of the stone, as well as the 
 spaces included within the rays, being elsewhere filled 
 with annulets, much more curiously wrought by nature 
 than they could be by the Engraver's tools. 
 
 These stones were thought (by the vulgar at least) to 
 be generated in the clouds and discharged thence in the 
 times of thunder and violent showers ; for which very 
 reason the ancient Naturalists coined them suitable 
 names, and called such as they were pleased to think fell 
 
THE TOWN. 23 
 
 in the thunder, Brontice ; and those that fell in showers, 
 Ombrice. ' Plot, 91, par. 30, 31. 
 
 Kitt's Quaeeies. 
 
 About half a mile south-west from Burford are St. 
 Christopher's or Kitt's Quarries, which produced fine 
 stone for building St. Paul's, London. 
 
 This stone was chiefly used for Columns, Capitals, 
 Bases, Window-lights, Door-cases, Cornicing, Mould- 
 ings, &c. ; it being whiter and harder, and carries a 
 much finer arris, than that at Heddington Quarry ; but 
 yet is not so hard as that at Taynton, nor will it like 
 that endure the fire, of which they make Malt-kilns, 
 and Hearths for Ovens. Plot. 76. par. 26. 
 
 These Quarries have not been worked for many years, 
 and the cavities (which are numerous) being covered with 
 moss and grass present a remarkably-pretty appearance, 
 and are much frequented by Picnic-parties. Here stands 
 an old-fashioned stone house with the following inscrip- 
 tion above one of the windows : — 
 
 Christopher Kempster built 
 this in 1698. 
 
 This small estate still belongs to the Kempster family ; 
 an ancestor of which was employed in building St. Paul's, 
 and having saved money purchased this property, and 
 lived the remainder of his life here. 
 
 Sainfoin. 
 Onobrychis spicata flore purpureo, semine echinato, 
 commonly called Sainct-foin, or everlasting grass, but 
 according to the learned Dr. Morison the true Lucem, is 
 
24 H1ST0KY OF BURFOED. 
 
 sown about here, and is recommended as an excellent 
 fodder for Beasts which are made fat with it in the spring- 
 time in eight or ten days. 
 
 This artificial grass grows to a large extent in this 
 neighbourhood, and some years ago one-seventh of the 
 arable-land was under Sainfoin. 
 
 A Cutting-Roller. 
 
 • 
 
 When Mr. Young surveyed this county, and noticing 
 the implements of Husbandry observed that, at Burford 
 " a cutting-roller has been invented, composed of twelve 
 wheels, two and a half inches thick, and between them a 
 space of two and a half inches. They are three feet 
 diameter. The inventor loads them so as to be sufficient 
 work for six oxen, and passes them over wheat after it is 
 sown, or after it is up ; and, if dry, cross and cross. In 
 spring he has used it also upon wheat ; it leaves the sur- 
 face rough in diamonds, which he finds useful." 
 
 Probably this gave the idea of Crosskiirs Clod- 
 crusher. 
 
WEST DOOR. 
 
 BURFORD CHURCH, OXON. 
 
(25) 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE CHURCH. 
 
 In a country-town the church is generally the first 
 attraction for a stranger. Even to those who are not 
 antiquarians, the examination of such edifices is always 
 pleasant and gratifying, especially when the mind is 
 impressed with the fact that they were raised by the 
 labours of our forefathers. 
 
 The church of Burford, dedicated to St. John the 
 Baptist, is a Vicarage in the patronage of the Lord 
 Bishop of Oxford. The edifice is cruciform, and has a 
 Norman tower in the centre surmounted by a fine and 
 tall Spire. It is a noble structure, consisting of a long 
 and lofty Nave, one Aisle on the North side, and two on 
 the South the exterior of which was evidently added at 
 a later period, a Parvise, a Chapel adjoining now called 
 Burgesses' Aisle, a Tower, two Transepts each divided 
 into two Chapels, a Chancel, and Vestry. 
 
 The Author considers it to be by far the largest and 
 handsomest building in its own Neighbourhood, though 
 evidently erected at different periods. 
 
 The style of architecture for the most part is Perpen- 
 dicular. The West-doorway and lower part of the Tower 
 
26 HISTOEY OF BTTKFORD. 
 
 are evidently the only parts of the original church which 
 was Norman. 
 
 It was new-pewed in the year 1827, when a Gallery 
 was erected in the North Aisle. 
 
 " The Earl of Essex and his rebels lay in the Church 
 the 6th of June, 1644, and used it with the greatest 
 incivility. Amongst the rest, they took down the pen- 
 nons and flags hanging over this Baron's* monument, 
 and wore them for Scarfs." 
 
 Topogr. vol. I. p. 416. 
 
 About 150 years ago a Cut was made from the Bridge, 
 deviating from the river and flowing round the North 
 side and East end of the Churchyard, for the purpose of 
 working a Mill at the bottom of Witney Street, in con- 
 sequence of which the Church and Churchyard in very 
 high floods were formerly in part under water. This 
 happened in the years 1795 and 1809. Floodgates 
 were afterwards adopted, and the like inconvenience 
 
 prevented. 
 
 West Front. 
 
 The doorway is Norman, the outer moulding of which 
 is adorned with Norrruin zigzag or Dogtooth, and the 
 inner moulding is decorated with human and animal 
 heads. 
 
 The pillars, two oh each side, are twisted Norman. 
 This archway was brought here when the present Nave 
 was built, as is evident from the internal construction. 
 The window above is a good Perpendicular of five lights, 
 and was most likely originally full of exceedingly rich 
 
 * Baron Tanfield. 
 
THE CHURCH. 27 
 
 stained glass, but now only a small portion of it remains. 
 The original designs, which doubtless were very beautiful, 
 have been much pieced with fragments of the other 
 windows, and the only traceable figures are St. George 
 and the Dragon. 
 
 The South Porch. 
 
 This Porch is of beautiful Gothic architecture, the 
 Spandrils of the Arch contain quatrefoils ; there are three 
 richly ornamented Niches in the Parvise above it, each 
 filled with a figure which were defaced in Cromwell's 
 time ; and above are Pinnacles and rich canopies. The 
 inside of this Porch is singularly elegant, consisting of 
 arched sides, with six pilasters, from whence spring the 
 ribs of the roof of rich framework, meeting together, and 
 filled in the vacant spaces with quatrefoils. 
 
 This fine groined roof is similar to that in the Cloisters 
 of Gloucester Cathedral ; and on entering the Church 
 from this Porch the Visitor should notice the two Gothic 
 arches (one on each side), and the elbow-capitals of the 
 columns, very good and uncommon. 
 
 Above this Porch are two Stories, a room in each, 
 formerly occupied by the Priest, noiv called the Muni- 
 ment-rooms in which the Deeds belonging to the Church 
 and Corporation are kept. Access to these rooms is 
 obtained by a turret-staircase from Burgesses' Aisle, and 
 in the first of which is a very handsome old oak chest 
 and six oak chairs. These rooms are lighted by two 
 windows in each. 
 
28 HISTOBY OF BUEF0KD. 
 
 The Tower and Steeple. 
 
 The present Steeple and upper part of the Tower were 
 evidently built upon the original Norman tower at a later 
 period, and this fact is established by the windows running 
 parallel with the Nave being of rich Norman. 
 
 The following is a copy of an entry in the Church- 
 wardens' book beginning with the year 1624 : — 
 
 " 1663. Paid William Wethin of Slymbridge, in the 
 county of Glous Tyler for poyn tinge the Steeple and sett 
 up a new Pinnacle on the turret. £]Q „ 10 „ 0." 
 
 The staircase to the tower is in the south-west angle, 
 and entering Leggare's Chapel from this point the Visitor 
 will notice two Norman pillars with capitals. 
 
 This tower is a massive and venerable structure, with 
 fine Norman arches to support the steeple which is ex- 
 quisitely built and has not any obstruction to the apex. 
 It contains six bells. The old custom of tolling the 
 curfew-bell at eight o'clock every night from the first 
 Monday after old Michaelmas-day till Lady-day, yearly, 
 is kept up here. The curfew-bell was so called because 
 it was rung by a law of William the Conqueror, that all 
 persons should then cover their lights and fires, and go to 
 bed. The ascribed imposition of the curfew custom, as 
 a specimen of the Conqueror's rigid sway, merits but 
 little credence. 
 
 Thomson has thus described this supposed act of 
 tyranny : — 
 
 " The shiv'ring wretches, at the curfew sound, 
 Dejected sunk into their sordid beds, 
 And, through the mournful gleam of better times, 
 Mus'd sad, or dreamt of better." 
 
THE CHTTKCH. 29 
 
 " Oft, on a flat of rising ground 
 I hear the far-off curfew sound." 
 
 Milton. 
 And Gray's Elegiac mention of the curfew is as familiar 
 as " household words" : 
 
 " The curfew tolls the knell of parting day." 
 The old practice of ringing the Communion-bell after 
 sunset on the eve of the Celebration of the Holy Com- 
 munion is also observed here. 
 
 The Nokth Side. 
 
 The North side of the Church is much more regular 
 
 in design than the South, being all perpendicular and 
 
 built at the same time. 
 
 The Visitor entering the church at the Western door 
 
 finds himself in 
 
 The Nave, 
 
 which is spacious and terminated at the East end by a 
 
 low tower arch ; above which is the Organ, erected in 
 
 the year 1827. 
 
 It is 70 feet long, by 23 feet wide. 
 
 The Nave itself is perpendicular. 
 
 There are five arches on each side, and the six pillars 
 which support them are each a cluster of four columns of 
 the same design ; the capitals are the same, and above 
 them are heads of grotesque device. 
 
 Above the third pillar (counting from the east end) is 
 a Fresco of Saint Christopher/ now concealed by white- 
 wash. The space above the arches is unusually great 
 and contains five perpendicular Clerestory windows. 
 
 / See Note I. 
 
30 H1STOKY OF BTTRFOKD. 
 
 The roof is a wooden one, but was ceiled many years ago ; 
 the corbels on which it rests are ornamented with heads ; 
 and the pendant-posts are very rich and worth un- 
 covering. 
 
 Close to the western door is 
 
 The Font, 
 which is perpendicular and hexagonal ; it has a great 
 deal of sculpture on it, a representation of the Crucifixion, 
 the Evangelists, &c, &c. 
 
 The Author considers it .to belong to the end of the 
 fourteenth century ; the base and bason of it are cir- 
 cular, which was very uncommon at that period. 
 On the leaden bason is inscribed : 
 
 Anthony e Sedley, Prisner 1649. 
 
 During the Civil Wars of the 17th century detach- 
 ments of the contending armies were frequently at 
 Burford! 
 
 In the Parish-register are notices of the burial of 
 several soldiers who were slain then. 
 
 In the year 1758, 186 persons died in Burford of 
 small-pox, and were buried in the churchyard. See Ee- 
 gister of Burials of that date with "SP" opposite the 
 names of those who so died. 
 
 The North Aisle. 
 
 This Aisle is 70 feet long, by 13 feet 3 inches wide. 
 It is lighted by a perpendicular three-light window at 
 the west end ; and by five perpendicular three-light win- 
 dows in the north wall, the third of which counting from 
 the east-end is concealed by a very ugly mural stone 
 
THE CHURCH. 31 
 
 monument of strange architecture, erected to the memory 
 of Edmund Harman/ Esq. 
 
 The South Aisle. 
 
 This Aisle was evidently the same as the North one, 
 and projecting from which southwards is the Parvise or 
 South Porch before described, and St. Thomas's Chapel 
 now called Burgesses' Aisle. 
 
 The roofs of these Aisles are of the same character as 
 that of the Nave, and were ceiled at the same time. 
 
 This Aisle is 70 feet long by 10 feet 3 inches wide. 
 
 An Aisle called Sylvester's was added to it and the 
 Parvise most probably in the sixteenth century. It con- 
 tains a number of peculiar mural monuments to a family 
 of that name, after whom it was probably nominated. 
 
 It is 60 feet 8 inches long, by 23 feet 7 inches wide, 
 and is lighted by four perpendicular four-light windows^ 
 with a large perpendicular window at the west end com- 
 prising seven lights. 
 
 The entrance doorway at the west end is a low Tudor 
 arch, with a massive original door studded with nails. 
 
 In the south-west angle of this Aisle is a turret-tower 
 leading to the leads, upon which the author is of opinion 
 the decimated doomed Mutineers were placed in Crom- 
 well's time, an account of which mutiny is given in the 
 first chapter of this work. 
 
 The western portion of this Aisle, 26 feet 9 inches 
 long and 23 feet 7 inches wide, is not Pewed. In it is a 
 stone altar-tomb with a Coat of Arms upon it but not 
 
 g See Note G. 
 
32 HISTOEY OF BURFOED. 
 
 any inscription. There is also here a large stone coffin,* 
 
 betokening the entombment of some personage, which 
 
 was discovered in 1814 about a mile from Burford when 
 
 a new road was being made from Upton to Little Bar- 
 
 rington. ^ m ' 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel, 
 
 now called Burgesses' Aisle, is on the east side of the 
 Parvise, and was till lately occupied by the Corporation. 
 It has undergone various mutilations. In the east end 
 was a Gothic window, the upper part of which is blocked 
 up, and in the lower part there is an Elizabethan window 
 of six lights but in which there is not any glass. It is 
 lighted by one perpendicular window of four lights, in 
 which are fragments of painted glass of which it was 
 originally undoubtedly full. Underneath this window 
 is a Sedilia, adjoining which is a large Piscina and 
 above this a handsome bracket on which most likely an 
 image stood. Adjoining this Chapel on the east end is the 
 
 South Transept, 
 
 divided into two chapels called Leggare's and Bar- 
 tholomew's. 
 
 * Stone coffins were used in this country as late as the eleventh 
 and twelfth centuries, the covers of these were simply coped, like 
 the one in this church. Erom the size and appearance of this coffin, 
 and from the circumstance of its being found near to Battle Edge, it 
 may be presumed it was deposited there after the battle between 
 ffihelhald and Cuthred before noticed. When found it contained 
 some bones of a human body, and portions of a leathern cuirass 
 studded with metal nails, completely oxidated and matted together : 
 these remains were then forwarded to the British Museum, London, 
 by the Yicar of Burford. 
 
THE CHURCH. 33 
 
 Leggare's Chapel, 
 
 commonly and erroneously called Baker's Aisle, is lighted 
 by two perpendicular windows of three lights. In it is 
 the beautiful grey marble altar-tomb of John Leggare, 
 which is ornamented with kneeling figures on the sides, 
 but from which the brasses and shields have been re- 
 moved. Below the window in the east wall is a small 
 Piscina. The roof is a good wooden one. In a groove 
 of the stonework which forms the lancet-shaped arch of 
 the south window, on the outside, is the following inscrip- 
 tion* : 
 
 " ORASE PRO ANIMABUS ET MATRIS JOHANNIS 
 LEGGARE DE BOREORD PER QUEM ISTA 
 FENESTRA DECORETUR." 
 
 This John Leggare, who beautified the window with 
 painted glass (not a fragment of which remains), lies 
 buried near his window under the above-mentioned 
 altar-tomb. Adjoining this is 
 
 Bartholomew's Chapel, 
 
 so called because it contains a number of memorials to a 
 family of that name. It is entered from the last men- 
 tioned chapel through a debased archway. It is- lighted 
 by three perpendicular three-light windows in the south 
 wall, and one perpendicular of five lights in the east 
 wall. It has a good wooden roof. Two debased arches, 
 
 * The first word of this inscription ought to be Orate — the error 
 arose from the negligence of the stone-cutter, Every letter of it Ls 
 in old English. 
 
 F 
 
34 HISTORY OF BURFOKD. 
 
 enclosed with wooden screens, separate it from the Chan- 
 cel. These two Chapels are thus mentioned in an 
 Harleian Manuscript in the British Museum, London ; 
 "Burford, June 9th, 1660. 
 
 In the Chapel on the south side, these arms in the 
 windows. 
 
 France and England quartered. 
 
 Or. a Chevron G. 
 
 Or. a Cross G. 
 
 In another Chapel on the same side, a grey marble 
 monument. The arms upon it not discernable." 
 
 M.S. Brit. Bibl Had 4170. P. 36, &a 
 
 The Chancel. 
 
 The interior of this Church is seen to the best effect 
 from the great Western door, yet this view is greatly 
 broken from the lowness of the Norman arches of the 
 Tower which separate the body of the church from the 
 chancel. 
 
 The east window, a poor specimen, is a large perpen- 
 dicular one of five lights, with very beautiful rich stained 
 glass in the upper part of it. On each side of this win- 
 dow there was an image with a canopy above, most 
 probably destroyed in the time of the Commonwealth ; 
 the Niches alone remain. The North window is Early 
 English, blocked up when the Vestry was added to the 
 chancel. The South window is a three-light perpen- 
 dicular one. The roof was ceiled many years ago, at the 
 same time the Nave was. 
 
 This chancel is 45 feet 8 inches long, and 20 feet 
 9 inches wide. 
 
THE cHtmcfl. 85 
 
 The Vestry. 
 
 The Vestry on the North side of the chancel is entered 
 by a Tudor doorway, with a quatrefoil in each Spandril. 
 It has a debased window of three-lights, and beneath it 
 a stone altar. 
 
 In England the altars were generally taken down in or 
 about the year 1550. They were set up again in the 
 beginning of the reign of Queen Mary, and again re- 
 moved in the second year of Queen Elizabeth. The 
 ancient stone altars were so carefully destroyed, either at 
 this period or in the subsequent devastations of the 
 Puritans, that it has been frequently said there is not 
 one to be found in England ; but a few of them, and 
 some of the Chantry-altars, in the aisles and chapels of 
 churches have escaped. 
 
 The ceiling is debased, but handsome. Here is a 
 Piscina with four holes ; — very uncommon, 
 
 Adjoiuing this Vestry is 
 
 Tanfield's Chapel,* 
 
 entered through a wooden-screen, which divides it from 
 the chancel, beneath a debased arch similar to and op- 
 posite the first arch on the south side. It is lighted by 
 two perpendicular three-light windows in the north wall, 
 
 * Lady Tanfield, by Will dated June, 1739, devised a house, 
 garden, &c, on the North side of Sheep Street, the profits thereof 
 yearly to be disposed of for " the repairing maintaining and cleansing 
 the tomb of her husband and of the Aisle of Burford church wherein 
 it stood." This property was purchased by J. S. Price, Esq., the 
 Tenant, July 1860. 
 
9$ HISTORY OF BUKFOED. 
 
 and one perpendicular window of four lights in the east 
 wall. 
 
 In this chapel is a most stately monument/* which the 
 author describes in the Appendix. 
 
 Pynnock's Chapel. 
 
 This Chapel, adjoining the above one, is on the north 
 side of the Tower, from which it is entered through a de- 
 based arch. It is lighted by one perpendicular three- 
 light window in the north wall. The roof is a good 
 wooden one. This Chapel is thus noticed in the Church- 
 wardens' book : — 
 
 "1648 P d for mendinge a spoute ag st Pynnocks 
 Chappell. 8s." 
 
 A debased arch at the west end leads into 
 The Priory Pew, 
 in which is a debased chapel, with its altar and stoop ; 
 and a similar arch opposite to it leads into Tanfield's 
 chapel. This pew belongs to the Priory estate. 
 
 Such, then, is the Author's accurate description of the 
 present appearance and architectural character of this 
 large and handsome edifice. Our ancient churches have 
 received a greater share of the munificence, talents, and 
 labours of our forefathers than most other buildings. In 
 them we find such testimonies of piety, such traces of 
 simple trustfulness, such hopefulness : — 
 
 " The place is purified with hope, 
 The hope that is of prayer ; 
 And human love, and heavenward thought, 
 And pious faith are there." 
 
 h See Note H. 
 
THE CUXRCH. 37 
 
 The Churchyard. 
 
 The churchyard, where so many of 
 
 " The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep/ 5 
 
 is a large piece of ground, the south side of which is 
 densely crowded with Gravestones, amongst which are 
 some ugly and peculiar old mural Altar-tombs. The 
 epitaphs on the old Tomb-stones are illegible except the 
 two following ones. 
 
 On a brass fixed to the head of an Altar-tomb, oppo- 
 site the south porch, is this inscription : — 
 
 " I know that my Redeemer liveth." 
 
 " Here lyeth the body of John Hunt of Burford 
 Mercer who deceased 15 Mar. in the year 
 of our Lord God. 1603. Wm. Hunt and Richard 
 Hunt sons to the said John Hunt made 
 this 1609." 
 
 On a brass fixed to the head of another Altar-tomb, 
 opposite the turret at the south-west angle of Sylvester's 
 Aisle, is this inscription : — 
 
 " Elizabeth White willingly and peaceably exchanged 
 her vile enjoyment here for those rich and 
 unspeakable, Eeb. xm, MDCLI. Her twin daughter 
 Margaret, the xi day of June before, and her Sister, 
 Mary Webb, the last of May following. One of 
 the many wholesom words that she left in 
 writing was this out of St. Paul. s Now this T say 
 
38 B1ST0EY OF BTJEFOED. 
 
 brethren that time is short. It remains that 
 even they that have wives bee as not having, and 
 they that weep as not weeping, and they that 
 rejoice as not rejoicing. In the fashion/ &c, &c." 
 
 The modern epitaphs are such as are common to all 
 rural churchyards. 
 
(39) 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE MANOR. 
 
 At the time of the Norman Survey the king had at 
 Burford a " mansio," i.e., a single house, or a hamlet, 
 which Earl Albevic held at the rent of five shillings. 
 
 The following is a translation of an account of Burford 
 in Domesday-book* : — 
 
 " To the lands which Earl Aubery held, belongs one 
 church, and three mansions ; two of these, paying twenty- 
 eight pence, lie to the church of St. Mary ; and the 
 third, paying five shillings, lies to Bureford." 
 
 The following is a translation of another account in the 
 same Record : — ■ 
 
 " Land of the Bishop of Baieux." * 
 
 " Earl Aubery holds Bureford of the land of the 
 Bishop. There are eight hides there. Land to twenty 
 ploughs. Now in the demesne four ploughs and three 
 bondmen and twenty-two 4 villanes and eight bordars have 
 twelve ploughs. There are two mills of twenty-five 
 shillings. And twenty-five acres of meadow. Pasture 
 one mile in length and in breadth. It was worth sixteen 
 pounds, now thirteen pounds/' For explanation of terms 
 see Note K. 
 
 I See Note I. * Odo ; Bishop of Bayeux. 
 
40 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 Dugdale supposes this EsxlAubery to be the ancestor 
 of the Veres, Earls of Oxford. P. 188. 
 
 Thus at this early period Burford was held by Earl 
 Aubery, but after the Conquest this town belonged to 
 Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry L, who 
 dying in A.D. 1147, this manor went to his eldest son 
 and heir 
 
 William, Earl of Gloucester. 
 
 This Earl died in A.D. 1173, leaving only three daugh- 
 ters, viz. : 
 
 Mabell, married to the Earl of Chereux, in Nor- 
 mandy ; 
 
 Amice, married to Richard de Clare, Earl of Hert- 
 ford ; and 
 
 Isabell, married to John, son of King Henry II. 
 
 Mabell and Isabell dying without issue the inheritance 
 of this great Honour totally devolved to Amice wife of 
 Richard de Clare aforesaid, and sole heir to all that 
 Earldom, so that her posterity afterwards enjoyed the 
 title of Earls of Gloucester. This Earl dying in A.D. 1206, 
 was succeeded by his only son and heir 
 
 Gilbert de Clare, the first Earl of Gloucester and 
 Hertford jointly. He married Isabel, 3rd daughter and 
 eventually coheir of William ^lareschal, the Elder, Earl 
 of Pembroke, and dying in A.D. 1229, was succeeded by 
 his eldest son and heir 
 
 Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 
 who married twice. His first wife died without issue ; he 
 married secondly Maude, daughter of John de Lacey, 
 
THE HANOR. 41 
 
 Earl of Lincoln; and dying 14 July, 1262, was suc- 
 ceeded by his son and heir 
 
 GilbeH de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 
 commonly called the Red, In 13 Edw. I. this Earl having 
 been divorced from Alice his wife (daur : of Guy, Earl of 
 Angolesme), taking consideration of her noble birth, freely 
 granted to her for her support during life, amongst other 
 manors, the manor of Burford. 
 
 He married secondly, (in 17 Edw. I.) Joane of Acres, 
 daur. of King Edward I., by whom he had one son and 
 three daughters; and dying 7 Dec. 1295, was succeeded 
 by his son and heir 
 
 GilbeH de Glare, (then five years old) Earl of Glou- 
 cester and Hertford. He married Maude, daughter of 
 John de Burgh, son of Richard, Earl of Ulster. He 
 was slain in the battle of Bannockburn,* 24 June A.D. 
 1314, and leaving no issue surviving (for John his son 
 died in his lifetime) his three sisters became his heirs ; 
 between whom, " after two years' expectance of issue to 
 be borne on the body of Maude his wife/'-f- this great 
 inheritance was shared. This Earl's widow (Maude) 
 
 * The well-known song — 
 
 " Scots wha hae wi' Wallace bled," 
 
 is intended to express the address of the gallant Bruce to his army, 
 before the battle of Bannockburn which was gained by the Scots, 
 notwithstanding the inferiority of their numbers. The English had 
 never met with a more terrible defeat than this, for they had made quite 
 sure of victory ; and the event of this battle is remembered with 
 pride by the Scots to this very day. 
 
 f Let. Itin. Vol. 6. f. 85, and Dugdale p. 217. 
 
 G 
 
42 HISTORY OF BUKFOKD. 
 
 had for her dowry and assignation, amongst other manors, 
 the manor of Caversham, with certain lands in Burford, 
 Nether-Orton, and Heyford at the Bridge, together with 
 the Hundred of Chadlington, Oxfordshire. 
 
 In 7 Edw. II. (a.d. 1314), Sir Hugh le Despencer, 
 Knight, the younger, married Alianore, the eldest of 
 the three daughters and heiresses of Gilbert de Clare who 
 died in 1295 ; and doing his homage in 10 Edw. II. 
 had Livery of her purparty of the Lordships and Lands 
 of that Earl. 
 
 In 1 6 Edward II. A.D. 1323, he obtained a Charter for 
 a Fair, yearly, at his manor of Burford, for the space of 
 seven days preceding the nativity of St. John Baptist ; 
 that day, and eight days following. This Fair has been 
 discontinued very many years. 
 
 The same year also this Earl procured for himself, 
 amongst several grants of manors, a grant of twenty 
 pounds yearly rent issuing out of the manor of Burford, 
 late John Giffard's, attainted. 
 
 This great man (the King's Chamberlain and chief 
 favourite in 14 Edw. II.) becoming very odious to the 
 Queen, Prince, and People ; and favouring the King of 
 Scotland, was the occasion of the English being defeated 
 at Bannockburn ; (Froissart. lib. 1 and 2. f. 2 a.) and that 
 by his traitorous council and extortion, the king had dis- 
 honoured his realm by ordering his greatest Lord to be 
 beheaded, neither would his Majesty see the Queen his 
 wife, nor Edward his eldest son, this Earl was according 
 to sentence executed as a traitor on a gallows fifty feet 
 high, on St. Andrew's Eve, A.D. 1326. 
 
THE MANOE. 43 
 
 Upon his execution this distich was then made : — 
 
 " Funis cum lignis, a te miser ensis et ignis, 
 Hugo securis, equus, abstulit omne decus." 
 
 " The rope, because he was drawn with it ; 
 The wood, because he was hanged thereon ; 
 The sword, because he was beheaded therewith ; 
 The hre, because his bowels were burnt ; 
 The axe, because he was quartered therewith ; and 
 The horse, because he drew him/' 
 
 Upon the death of this Hugh's widow (Alianore) in 
 A.D. 1337, his eldest son and heir 
 
 Hugh Despencer, succeeded ; and doing his homage, 
 had Livery of the lands of her inheritance. 
 
 He married Elizabeth, the widow of Giles de Brad- 
 dlesmere, and daughter of William de Montacute Earl 
 of Salisbury. 
 
 In 17 Edw. III. he was then styled Lord of Glamorgan. 
 
 This Lord died 8 Feb. 23 Edw. III. seized, amongst other 
 manors, of the manor of Caver sham, Shipton, Bur ford, 
 and the Hundred of Chadlington, Oxfordshire ; and left 
 
 Edward Despencer, son of his brother Edward, his 
 next heir, then twelve years of age, and afterwards made 
 a Knight, and a Baron. This Lord died in 49 Edw. III. 
 (a great Baron and a good Knight, saith Froissart) seized, 
 amongst other manors, of the manor of Burford, Shipton, 
 Caversham, and the Hundred of Chadlington, Oxford- 
 shire ; leaving by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Bar- 
 tholomew de Burghersh, 
 
 Thomas Despencer, his son and heir, then two years 
 
44 HISTORY OF BTJEEORD. 
 
 old ; afterwards called Thomas Lord Despeneer of Gla- 
 morgan and Worganok. In 21 Kich. II. this Thomas 
 (amongst others, then advanced to great titles of Honour) 
 was created Earl of Gloucester, in consequence of his 
 descent from Gilbert de Clare, sometime Earl of Glou- 
 cester. 
 
 In 22 Rich. II. this Earl attended the King into Ire- 
 land, but the next year following, though he was one of 
 the chief of those Peers who formally acted in the depo- 
 sition of that unfortunate Prince, King Richard the 
 Second, yet was he soon after degraded from the title of 
 Earl of Gloucester, by that Parliament held in the first 
 year of King Henry the Fourth (which was the very next 
 ensuing year) as all those others were, who were the pro- 
 secutors of that worthy person Thomas of Woodstock* 
 Duke of Gloucester, after he had been so barbarously 
 murdered at Calais; and sentenced to lose all # such 
 Castles, Lordships, and Lands, as he had of those whom 
 he accused, upon the day that the Duke of Gloucester 
 was arrested, or afterwards. And, that all his other 
 Castles, Manors, and Lands, which he then, or since, held 
 of the King, should be at the King's mercy : as also, that 
 if ever he should go about to give assistance to the de- 
 posed King, to be then prosecuted as a Traitor. Of what 
 he was afterwards guilty, doth not directly appear ; but 
 it seems to have been an adherence with the Earls of 
 Kent, Salisbury, and Huntingdon, who designed the sur- 
 prisal of King Henry the Fourth at Windsor ;. for before 
 
 * He was the King's Uncle, and was smothered with a feather-bed. 
 
 Froissart. f. 294. a. n. 40. 
 
THE HAXOK. 45 
 
 the end of the first year of that King's reign he, by the 
 vote of the Commons being condemned to die, was carried 
 into the market-place, Bristol, and there beheaded by the 
 rabble in 1 Henry IV. A.D. 1399. All this Lord's Castles, 
 Lordships, Lands, &c, within the territories of Glamorgan 
 and Worganok now came to the Crown, but Constance, 
 his widow, (daughter of Edmund of Langley, Duke of 
 York) obtained a Grant from the King for life, of the 
 manors of Caversham, Burford, and Shipton, Oxfordshire ; 
 with several others in other counties ; and enjoyed by 
 her until her death in 4 Henry V. A.D. 1417. 
 
 By this Constance he left issue one son 
 
 Richard, who married but died in A.D. 1414 without 
 issue ; and two daughters. Of these daughters, Eliza- 
 beth died in her childhood ; but Isabel was first mar- 
 ried to 
 
 Richard Reauchamp, Lord Bergavenny, and after- 
 wards Earl of Worcester. Which Richard, doing his 
 fealty in 2 Hen. V. had Livery of all those Lordships and 
 Lands, as upon the death of her brother descended to 
 her ; and in 4 Hen. V. upon the death of Constance, her 
 mother, had the like Livery of what she held in Dower. 
 
 But this Richard, Earl of Worcester, departing this 
 life before her, she afterwards, by a special dispensation 
 from the Pope, married 
 
 Richard Beanchamp* Earl of Warwick. This Earl 
 
 * "This Isabel, his second wife, being the widow of Richard 
 Beanchamp, Earl of Worcester, his Uncle's son, he had a special 
 Dispensation from the Pope to marry her/ 5 Dugdale. p. 247. 
 
46 HISTORY OP JJUltFOED. 
 
 departed this life 17 Hen. VI. A.D. 1439, leaving issue by 
 her, Henry smd Anne. 
 
 Henry Beauchamp, only son and heir, Earl of War- 
 wick, was born inA.D. 1424, 3 Hen. VI., and was created 
 Duke of Warwick in 22 Hen. VI. by that King. 
 
 He married Cecily, daughter of Richard Nevill, Earl 
 of Salisbury ; and dying in A.D. 1445, left issue one only 
 daughter Anne, who was born in A.D. 1439, and died 
 3 Jan. 1449. 
 
 Whereupon Anne, her Aunt, born in A.D. 1429, sister 
 of the whole blood of the late Duke of Warwick, became 
 heir to this earldom, being at that time (a.d. 1449) 
 the wife of Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick, eldest son 
 of Richard Nevill, Earl of Salisbury, having been 
 wedded to him the same year that Henry her brother 
 married Cecily his sister. This Earl after his father's 
 death was Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 Which Richard, by reason of that marriage, and in 
 respect of his special services about the King's person ; 
 and likewise in the wars of Scotland (for so doth the 
 Patent import) had, upon the three and twentieth of July 
 next, following the death of the before-mentioned Anne, 
 his wife's niece, the Dignity and Title of Earl of Warwick, 
 confirmed (Pat. 27 Hen. VI. p. ]. m. 1.) and declared to 
 him and his said wife, and to her heirs, with all pre- 
 eminences, that any of their Ancestors, before the creation 
 of Henry, Duke of Warwick, used. This is that Richard 
 Nevill who was commonly called the Stout Earl of 
 Warwick, having been an eminent actor in those tragic 
 broils between the Houses of Lancaster and York, as our 
 Historians do fully manifest. 
 
THE MANOR. 47 
 
 This Earl lost his life on Easter-day, A.D. 1471 (11 
 Edw. IV.) at Barner-Field battle, leaving his Countess in 
 possession of his vast inheritance, all of which was taken 
 from her by authority of Parliament,* and settled upon 
 Isabel and Anne, her two daughters and heirs (the first 
 of them wife of George, Duke of Clarence ; and the other 
 wife of Richard, Duke of Gloucester ;) as if she herself 
 had been naturally dead ; which was withheld from her 
 till 3 Hen. VII. A.D. 1488, that the King (having him- 
 self a mind thereto, her daughters being both dead) by a 
 new Act of Parliament,*)- annulled the former, and re- 
 stored unto her the possession of the premises, with the 
 power to alienate the same, or any part thereof : but not 
 with intention that she should enjoy it, as it seems ; for 
 it appears, that the same year, by a special Feoffment, £ 
 ,bearing date 13 Dec, and a Fine thereupon, she conveyed 
 it wholly to the King, entailing it upon the issue-male of 
 his body, with- remainder to herself and her heirs. 
 
 Amongst the numerous Lordships contained in that 
 Grant, are the manors of Burford, Shipton, Spelsbury, 
 Chadlington, and Langley, in Oxfordshire. This Coun- 
 tess was living in 5 Hen. VII. as appears (Pat. 5. Hen. 
 VII. m. 24.) by an assignation from the King of the 
 manor of Sutton, ■ Warwickshire, at that time, for her 
 maintenance ; but how long after the author knows not, 
 for of her death there is no record that he can find. 
 
 * Rot. Pari. 14 Edw. IV. n. 20. 
 t Rot. Pari. 3 Hen. VII. 
 
48 HISTOEY OF BT7EFOED. 
 
 Of these two daughters, 
 
 Isabel was married 11 July, 1469, (9Edw. IV.) to 
 
 George, Duke of Clarence, brother of King Ed- 
 ward IV. 
 
 Anne was first married to Edward, Prince of Wales, 
 (son of King Henry VI., stabbed at the battle of Tewkes- 
 bury, in cold blood, by Richard, Duke of Gloucester, as 
 our Historians affirm) and afterwards to Richard, Duke 
 of Gloucester ; who, by reason thereof, possessed himself 
 of all Warwick's Lands, imprisoning her mother as long 
 as she lived ; and poisoning her, as it was thought, to 
 make way for his marriage with his brother's (King 
 Edw. IV.) eldest daughter. 
 
 From this Richard Nevill the Manor of Burford* 
 passed through the House of Clarence to the Crown. 
 
 King Henry VII. granted the Stewardship of this, 
 Manor to * 
 
 Sir William Norris, Knight ; in consideration of his 
 counsel, he being a Lawyer of great esteem in his time. 
 
 King Henry VIII. granted it to 
 
 Thomas Bridges, afterwards of Keynsham Abbey, 
 Somersetshire ; who by his Will was a benefactor to the 
 Church here. Skelton says — 
 
 " In 35 Henry VIII. it was granted by that king to 
 
 * List of Works consulted in the compilation of the above Com- 
 pendium of the Lords of this Manor. 
 Monast. Anglic. Rot. John. Rous. 
 
 Leland's Itinerary. Vol. 6. Tho. Waif. 
 
 Froissart's Chronicles, lib. I. and II. Hall's Chron. 
 Dugdale's Baronage. Kennett's Paroch. Antiq. 
 
THE ilAXOE. 49 
 
 Edmund Harrnan." He furthur says — 
 
 "After this, the Estate was divided between 
 
 Ann, Duchess of Somerset, and Edward Lee. It went 
 subsequently to the Crown, for on 31st of August, 41st of 
 Elizabeth, it was sold by that Queen io 
 
 Sir John FoHescue, Knt. ; Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, and Privy Counsellor to Queen Elizabeth and 
 King James I. He in the reign of Kiug James I. sold 
 it to 
 
 Sir Laivrence Tanfield, Knt. ; Baron of the Court of 
 Exchequer. He left it to his grandson 
 
 Lord Falkland, by whom it was sold in the reign of 
 Charles I. to the 
 
 Speaker Lenthall" SJcelton's Oxfordshire. 
 
 In Wood's Athence Oxonienses it is mentioned that, 
 "About the year 1634 Will. Lenthall did, for the sum 
 of dPTjOOO or thereabouts, purchase of Lucius Viscount 
 Falkland the Priory house and land belonging there- 
 unto/' and dying here in 1662 was succeeded in this 
 estate by his only son 
 
 Sir John Lenthall, Knt. ; whom Wood calls " the 
 grand Braggadocio and Lyer of the age he lived in/' 
 Vol. II. pp. 204, 206. Edit, of 1 692. 
 
 From him it passed through many generations to his 
 descendant 
 
 William John Lenthall, Esq. ; who sold it in the 
 year 1827-9 to 
 
 Charles Greenaway, Esq , of Barrington Crove, Little 
 Barrington, Gloucestershire, an adjoining estate, who by 
 right of this property became Lord of the Manor. This 
 
50 HISTORY OF BURFOrj). 
 
 gentleman died 25 JS r ov. 1859, S.P. and was buried in 
 his late father's vault in Little Barrington church. 
 
 Miss Youde, his Niece, now became Heir to the 
 Priory-estate, but owing to her late father's extravagance 
 this property was much involved, and shortly after Mr. 
 Oreenaway's death it was placed in Chancery where it 
 is still pending. 
 
(51) 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PRIORY. 
 
 This Priory was a religious-house belonging to the Abbey 
 of Keynsham, Somersetshire. 
 
 The only mention which the Author finds of it in 
 Dugdale's JUonasticon is, its valuation temp. Hen. VIII. 
 £13 „ 6 „ 6. 
 
 Leland says, " There was a place in Burford caullyd 
 the Priorie. Horman the Kyng's barber hath now the 
 lands of it." Itin. Vol. VII. 63 b. 
 
 Tanner says, " This was a small Priory, or hospital 
 here, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist. It was 
 valued at <£13 „ 6 „ 6 per annum; and granted 35 
 Hen. VIII. to Edmund Herman." * 
 
 Xotitia Monastica. 428. 
 
 * Harman is evidently the correct name, (see Note G. in Appendix) 
 though, spelt Horman and Herman by Authors quoted above. 
 Tradition says, to Hercules Harman because over the entrance are 
 two human figures of stone which are allegorical of the name : — the 
 one figure holding a club is Hercules, and the other covered with hair 
 holding the trunk of a tree and having a hare between his feet repre- 
 sents Harman, or hair or hareman, the two standing for Hercules 
 Harman. 
 
 The Author prefers old Verstegan's derivation : — he observes, 
 " Harman should rightly bee Hart-man, to wit, a man of harte or 
 courage" 
 
 It also signifies a Soldier or Constable, in both which vocations 
 heart or courage is necessary. 
 
52 HISTOEY OF BUKFORD. 
 
 "A meadow in Sherborne* did belong to the Priory 
 of St. John the Evangelist in Burford, which Priory was 
 valued at the Dissolution at ^13 „ 6 „ 6. This meadow 
 was granted to Edmond Herman 35 H. 8 " 
 
 Atkins' Gloucestershire, p. 645. 
 
 " The Advowson of the Rectory of Widford,f and a 
 toft of lands which lately belonged to the Priory of St. 
 John the Evangelist in Burford, were granted to Ed- 
 mond Herman 37 H. 8." 
 
 Atkins' Gloucestershire, p. 819. 
 
 No part of this religious establishment remaining at 
 the Dissolution, Mr. Harman was reported to have built 
 a private residence, termed the Priory, on the site of it. 
 
 This estate afterwards belonged to 
 
 Sir Lawrence To.nfteld, Knt. ; one of the Judges of the 
 King's Bench, who undoubtedly built, (temp. James I.) 
 out of the old building, the handsome mansion occupied 
 by Mr. Lenthall in the year 1790. 
 
 About the year 1808 the whole of the North wing and 
 full half of the Eastern front were pulled down, thus de- 
 
 * Sherborne is in Gloucestershire ; 4 miles west from Burford. 
 f Widford is in Gloucestershire ; ,1 mile east from Burford. This 
 Manor formerly belonged to the Lords Lovell, Francis Lord Lovell, 
 was in great favour with King Richard the Third, and was partaker 
 with him in his wicked practices, and was therefore advanced to be 
 Lord Chamberlain, on whom this distich was made : — 
 " The Bat, the Cat, and Lovell that Dog, 
 Bule all England under the Hog:. 55 
 
THE PEIOSY. 53 
 
 stroying the Elizabethan character as well as the beauty 
 and grandeur of this fine and interesting house. Fresh 
 rooms were then added, which were considered more 
 suited to the needs of an improved elegance of manners. 
 
 William John Lenthall, Esq., resided here in the year 
 1827, but he alienated the estate in 1829, and sold the 
 fine collection of family Pictures* at Christie's, London, 
 a few years later. ' 
 
 This once handsome residence is now in ruins and fast 
 tumbling to the ground. 
 
 It is enclosed from the town by a high wall, and the 
 large entrance-gates have been taken away and the space 
 filled up with stones. 
 
 The lover of old houses must formerly have been 
 pleased with the style of the building, which consisted of 
 two wings, and a middle projection in which is the 
 entrance-door,™ with scalloped gables which distinguished 
 the Architecture of the seventeenth century. 
 
 The inside consisted of a large hall, on the sides of 
 which were Dining and Drawing rooms, and on the left 
 a heavy Elizabethan staircase leading to a large Draw- 
 ing-room, an abundance of Bedrooms, and other requisite 
 offices. 
 
 It is matter of regret that this venerable residence, 
 erected on the site of an ancient religious institution, has 
 been allowed to fall into deplorable and premature decay. 
 
 / See Note L. m See Note M. 
 
54 HISTORY OF BUftFOHD. 
 
 The Chapel. 
 
 The Chapel adjoining, built by the Speaker Lenthall, 
 is likewise fast tumbling down. 
 
 In the year 1799 it was disused, but the Pulpit, Pews, 
 &c, were there ; and the ceiling was full of stucco-work, 
 in one compartment of which was, the Adoration of the 
 Shepherds, with Gloria patri in excelsis, &c. ; in another 
 compartment, Abraham offering up Isaac : all of which 
 are gone. On each side of the doorway still stands a 
 small angel on a pedestal. 
 
 Under one is written, Under the other, 
 
 Exue calceos tuos Nam terra est sancta. 
 
 Servabimur Quasi per ignem. 
 
 Exod.HL 5. 1 Cor. III. 15. 
 
 Over the door seems to be a representation in Bass- 
 relief of a bush in flames. I say, seems, because unless 
 explained by the above inscriptions it would not be 
 readily acknowledged as such. 
 
 This Chapel was approached by the family (previous 
 to the year 1799) by a communication from the large 
 Drawing-room upstairs over the leads of the passage 
 which connected it with the South wing, now in ruins 
 and almost impassible. 
 
 The Gardens. 
 
 Here are Gardens,* but no ornamental grounds of 
 
 * Mr. John Prior was murdered and found hid in the Summer- 
 house here, and buried in the Chancel of Burford Church, April 6, 
 1697. See Register-book of this date. 
 
THE PRIORY. 
 
 55 
 
 any extent ; the back front is shut in by some trees at 
 the bottom of the garden, beyond which is the open hilly 
 country. 
 
 On the north side of the house there is a pleasing 
 slope (on which are two magnificent trees) to the river, 
 and there is a view across a flat to a green rising hill, 
 called Westhall, on the top of which an old and deserted 
 Manor-hoivse forms a pretty object. 
 
(56) 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 EMINENT MEN. 
 
 William Lenthall, second son of William Lenthall, 
 of Lachford, Oxfordshire, by Frances his wife, daughter 
 of Sir Thomas Southwell, of St Faith's, Norfolk, was 
 born at Henley-upon-Thames, Oxfordshire, in June, 
 1591, descended from William Lenthall or Leynthall, 
 of Lenthall, Herefordshire. 
 
 He became a Commoner of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, 
 in the year 1606, but left at the end of 3 years without 
 a Degree and went to Lincolns Lnn where he became 
 a Counsellor of note, and in 13 Charles I. Lent-reader of 
 the said Inn. In the latter end of the year 1639 he was 
 elected Burgess for the Corporation of Woodstock, Ox- 
 fordshire, and again in Oct. 1640, for the same place to 
 serve in that unhappy Convention called the Long Parlia- 
 ment, begun 3 Nov. the same year : at which time being- 
 elected Speaker of the House of Commons, (worth i?2,000 
 per an.) he kept that office, by siding with the the lead- 
 ing party, till its dissolution, without any adherence to 
 the king. He became Master of the Rolls 8 Nov. 1643, 
 (worth J?3,000 per an.) one of the Commissioners of the 
 Great Seal in 1646, (worth i?l,500 per an.) Chamberlain 
 of Chester in 1647, a place of profit and honour, about 
 
*W ILLIAM XjEISTTIi^-IjIL., 
 
 SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 
 
 This Engraving was presented by W. R. Cooke, Esq. 
 
EMINENT MEN. O / 
 
 the same time he became Chancellor of the Dutchy of 
 Lancaster, (worth i?l,000 per an.) and anything else 
 that he desired. Besides these honourable places, he had 
 <£*6,000 at one time given to him by the Parliament, and 
 at another, " the Rectory and Demesne of Burford, in 
 Oxfordshire, with a stately house there, lately belonging 
 to Lucius Viscount Falkland" as the author of the 
 Mystery of the good old cause reports, (London. 1660. 
 p. 17.) but falsely Wood supposes, "for about the year 
 1634 the said Will. Lenthall did, for the sum of i?7,000 
 or thereabouts, purchase of the said Lucius the Priory- 
 house (the stately house before mentioned) and land 
 belonging thereunto/' Athence. Oxonienses. p. 204. 
 
 In 1648 when there was a debate in the Parliament 
 House whether the treaty should be with the king in the 
 Isle of Wight, upon the propositions of Hampton Court, 
 there were for it 57 yeas, and against it 57 noes; where- 
 upon he, as Speaker, turned the scales to yeas. 
 
 In 1653, Oliver deprived him of this office, but elected 
 him Speaker again in 1654 • he was also of the Rump 
 Parliament in 1659. 
 
 In 1660 he was exiled, but afterwards obtained from 
 the king a general pardon, and retiring to his house at 
 Burford before mentioned, endeavoured to make amends 
 for the past by shewing great love to Scholars and the 
 neighbouring Clergy till the time of his death. 
 
 He died here 3 Sept. 1662, and was buried* two days 
 
 * "William Lenthall, Esq., Lord of the Burrough of Burford buried 
 tlie fift day of September 16G2." See Register-book of this date. 
 
 Mr. Lenthall did not die on 1 Sept. as stated by Burke in his 
 "Landed Gentry" of 1858. p. 689. 
 
58 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 after without pomp in Pynnock's Aisle of Burford 
 Church. He forbad any excessive costs at his funeral, or 
 any monument, or any other epitaph than Vermis sum ; 
 so that there is no memorial of him existing in this place. 
 
 What remains more to be remembered of him is his 
 own confession on his death-bed to 
 
 Dr. Ralph BrideoaJc then Eector of Witney, near 
 Burford : who administering to him ghostly counsel, and 
 desiring to know how he had kept and observed the fifth 
 commandment, reminding him that disobedience, rebel- 
 lion, and schism w r ere the great sins against it, made this 
 confession : — 
 
 " Yes, there is my trouble, my disobedience not against 
 my natural parents only, but against the Pater patrice, 
 our deceased Sovereign. I confess with Saul, I held 
 their clothes whilst they murdered him, but herein I was 
 not so criminal as Saul was, for God thou knowest, I 
 never consented to his death, I ever prayed and endea- 
 voured what I could against it, but I did too-much, 
 Almighty God forgive me/' &c. 
 
 Then the Doctor urged him to confess, if he knew any 
 of those villains that plotted and contrived that horrid 
 murder, which were not then detected; to which he 
 answered, " I am a stranger to that business, my soul 
 never entered into that secret ; but what concerns myself 
 I will confess freely. These are especially laid to my 
 charge, wherein indeed I am too guilty ; as first, that I 
 went from the Parliament to the Army. 2, That I pro- 
 posed the bloody question for trying the king. And 3, 
 That I sat in Parliament after the king's death/' 
 
EMINENT MEN. 59 
 
 " To the first, I may give this answer, that Cromwell 
 and his agents deceived a wiser man than myself, I mean 
 that excellent king, and then might well deceive me also, 
 and so they did. I knew the Presbyterians would never 
 restore the king to his just rights, these men (the Inde- 
 pendents) swore they would. For the second, no excuse 
 can be made, but I have the king's pardon, and I hope 
 Almighty God will shew me his mercy also : yet even 
 then, when I put the question, I hoped the very putting 
 the question would have cleared him, because I believed 
 four for one were against it, but they deceived me also. 
 To the third, I make this candid confession, that it wa,s 
 my own baseness and cowardice and unworthy fear to 
 submit myself to the mercy of those men that murdered 
 the king, that hurried me on against my own conscience 
 to act with them. Yet then, I thought also, I might do 
 some good, and hinder some ill. Something I did for the 
 Church and Universities, something for the king when I 
 broke the oath* of abjuration. Something also for 
 his return ; but the ill I did, overweighed the little good 
 I would have done. God forgive me for this also/' &c. 
 
 * It is said that one Mrs. Catherine Johnson, a pretender to 
 Prophecy did some time before, tell Will. Lenthall that the oath of 
 abjuration against the Royal Family should be endeavoured to pass in 
 Parliament : which if he would deny, he should afterwards be forgiven 
 for what he had done against the King. So that upon her warning, 
 Ti£ (upon the proposal of that oath) absented himself from the Rouse 
 for about ten days, under pretence of the Gout. See more in a book 
 called, The Mystery and Method of his Majesties happy Restaur ation, &c, 
 by Joh. Price, d.d. — London. 1680, Oct. p. 40. 
 
60 HISTOEY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 He also confessed that, " tie had no hand in, or gave any 
 consent to, the murdering and ruining the Fathers of 
 the Church ; and also that, he died a dutiful son of the 
 Church of England, as it was established befwe the 
 Rebellion broke out" &c. 
 
 After which confession, which was done like a very 
 sincere penitent, he received the Absolution of the Church 
 with much content and satisfaction. 
 
 See fuller account of Speaker Lent hall in 
 Wood's Athen. Oxon. pp. 203—206. 
 
 Copy of a letter from Oliver Cromwell to the Speaker 
 ZenthalL giving an account of the battle of Naseby. 
 
 " To the Honourable W. LenthalL, Speaker to the Commons House 
 of Parliament." 
 
 "Sir, 
 
 Being commanded by you to this Service, I think 
 myself bound to acquaint you with the good hand of God 
 towards you and us : we marched yesterday after the 
 king, who went before us from Daventry to Haversbrowe, 
 and quartered about six miles from him ; — he drew out 
 to meet us — both armies engaged. — We, after three hours 
 fight— very doubtful, — at last routed his army — killed 
 and took about 5000 — very many officers — but of what 
 quality, we yet know not. — We took also about 200 
 carag. all he had — and all his guns being twelve in num- 
 ber — whereof two were demi-culverins and I think the 
 rest fasces — we pursued the enemy from three miles short 
 of Haversbrowe toninebeyond — everto sight of Leicester/' 
 
EMINENT MEN. 61 
 
 " whither the king fled.— -Sir — this is none other but the 
 hand of God ; — and to him alone belongs the glory — 
 wherein none are to share with him. — The general served 
 you with all faithfulness and honour — and the best re- 
 commendation I can give of him is ; that I dare say he 
 attributes all to God and would rather perish than to 
 assume himself, which is an honest and thriving way — 
 yet as much for bravery must be given to him in this 
 action as to a man. — Honest men served you faithfully 
 in this action. — Sir, they are trusty — I beseech you in 
 the name of God, not to discourage them. — I wish this 
 action may beget thankfulness and humility in all that 
 are concerned in it. — He that ventures his life for the 
 good of his country — I wish he trusts God for the liberty 
 of his conscience and you for the liberty he fights for. — ■ 
 In this he rests who is your most humble Servant 
 
 0. Ckomwell." 
 " Haversbrowe, June 14, 1645/' 
 
 See Historical Sketches of King Charles I., 
 by W.D.Eellowes. pp. 228, 229. Pub: 1828. 
 
 Copy of General Cromwell's account of the Battle of 
 Dunbar, in a letter to Zenthall, the Speaker. 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 I hope it is not ill taken that I make no more fre- 
 quent addresses to the Parliament. Things that are of 
 trouble in point of provision for your army, and of ordi- 
 nary direction, I have, as I could, often presented to the 
 Council of State, together with such occurrences as have" 
 
62 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 "happened, who I am sure, as they have not been wanting 
 in their extraordinary care and provision for us, so neither 
 what they judge fit and necessary to represent the same 
 to you ; and this I thought to be a sufficient discharge of 
 my duty on that behalf. 
 
 It has now pleased God to bestow a mercy, upon you, 
 worthy of your knowledge, and of the utmost praise and 
 thanks of all that love and fear his name ; yea, the mercy 
 is far above all praise, which, that you may the better 
 perceive, I shall take the boldness to tender unto you the 
 same circumstances accompanying the great business, 
 which will manifest the greatness and seasonableness of 
 this mercy. We having tried what we could to engage 
 the enemy three or four miles west of Edinburgh, that 
 proving ineffectual, and our victuall failing, we marched 
 towards our shippes, for a recruit of our want ; the enemy 
 did not at all trouble us in our rere, but marched the 
 direct way towards Edinburgh, and partly in the night 
 and morning slipps thro' his whole army and quarters 
 himself in a posture, easy to interpose between us and 
 our victuall, but the Lord made him lose the opportunity, 
 and the morning proving exceeding wett and dark, we 
 recovered by that time it was light into a ground where 
 they could not hinder us from our victuall, which was a 
 high act of the Lord's providence to us. We being come 
 into the saide ground, the enemy marched into the ground 
 we were last upon, having no mind either to strive to get 
 between us and our victuall, or to fight, being, indeed, upon 
 this lock, hoping that the sickness of our army would 
 render their work more easy by the gaining of time/' 
 
EMINENT MEJST. 63 
 
 " Whereupon we marched to Musselburgh to victual and 
 to ship away our sick men, where we sent abord neere 
 500 sick and wounded soldiers ; and upon serious con- 
 sideration, finding our weakness so to increase, and the 
 enemy living upon his advantages, at a general council, 
 it was thought fitte to march to Dunbar, and there to for- 
 tify the towne, which we thought, if any thinge, would 
 provoke them to engage ; as also that the having a garis- 
 son there would furnish us with accommodation for our 
 sick men, and would be a place for a good magazeene 
 (which we exceedingly wanted) being put to depend upon 
 the uncertainty of weather for landing provisions, which 
 many times cannot be done, tho' the being of the whole 
 army lay upon it, all the coast from Leith to Berwick, not 
 having one good harbour ; as also, to lye more conve- 
 niently to receive our recruits of horse and foot from 
 Berwick. Having these considerations, upon Saturday, 
 the 30th of August, we marched from Musselburgh to 
 Heddington where by the time we had got the van brigade 
 of our horse and foot and traine into theire quarters, the 
 enemy was marched with that exceeding expedition, that 
 they fell upon the rere forlorn of our horse and put it 
 into some disorder, and indeed had like to have engaged 
 our rere brigade of horse with their whole army, had not 
 the Lord by his good providence put a cloude over the 
 moone, thereby giving us opportunity to draw off these 
 horse to the rest of the army, which accordingly was done 
 without any losse, save of three or four of our foremen- 
 tioned forlorn, wherein the enemy (as we believe) re- 
 ceived more losse. The army being put into a reasonable" 
 
64 HISTORY OF BTJRFOKD. 
 
 "secure posture, towards midnight the enemy attempted 
 our quarter on the west end of Heddington, but (through 
 the goodness of God) we repulsed them. The next 
 morning we drew into an open field on the south side of 
 Heddington, we not judging it safe for us to draw to the 
 enemy upon his own ground, he being already pre- 
 possessed thereof, but rather drew back to give him way 
 to come to us, if he had so thought fitte ; and having 
 waited about the space of four or five hours, to see if he 
 would come to us and not finding any inclination in the 
 enemy so to doe, we resolved to goe, according to our first 
 entendment to Dunbar. 
 
 By that time we had marched three or four miles, we 
 saw some bodies of the enemy's horse draw out of their 
 quarters ; and by that time our carriages had gotten near 
 Dunbar, theire whole army was upon theire marche after 
 us ; and indeed our drawing back in this manner with 
 the addition of three new regiments added to them, did 
 much heighten their confidence, if not presumption and 
 arrogance. The enemy, that night, we perceived gather 
 towards the hills, labouring to make a perfect interposi- 
 tion between us and Berwick ; and having in this posture, 
 a great advantage, through their better knowledge of the 
 country, which he effected by sending a considerable 
 partie to the straight Pass at Coppeth, where ten men to 
 hinder are better than forty to make their way, and truly 
 this was an exegent to us wherewith the enemy reproached 
 us with that condition, the Parliament's army was in 
 when it made its hard conditions with the king in Corn- 
 wall/' 
 
EMINENT MEN. 65 
 
 "By some reports that have come to us, they had dis- 
 posed of us and of their business in sufficient revenge and 
 wrath towards our persons ; and had swallowed up the 
 poor interest of England ; believing that their armie and 
 their king would have marched to London without any 
 interruption, it being told us, we know not how truly, 
 by a prisoner we took the night before the fight, that 
 their king was very suddenly to come amongst them with 
 those English they allowed to be about him, but in what 
 they were thus lifted up, the Lord was above them. The 
 enemy lying in the posture above mentioned, having these 
 advantages, we lay very near him, being sensible of our 
 disadvantage, having some weakness of flesh, but yet con- 
 solation and support on the Lord himself to our poor 
 weak faith, wherein, I believe, not a few amongst us 
 shared, that because of their numbers, because of their 
 advantage, because of their confidence, because of our 
 weaknesse, because of our straight we were in the mount 
 the Lord would be sure, and that he would find a way for 
 us, whereby we might escape. And indeed we had our 
 consolation and our hopes. Upon Monday evening, the 
 enemy whose numbers were very great, as we learn about 
 6000 horse and 16000 foote, at least, ours drawn down, 
 as to sound men, about 7500 foote and 3500 horse. The 
 enemy drew down to their right-winge about two thirds 
 of their left-winge of horse, to their right-winge, shogging 
 also their foote and traine much to the right, causing 
 their winge of horse to edge down towards the sea. We 
 could not well imagine but that the enemy intended to 
 attempt upon us, or to place themselves in a more exact" 
 
66 HISTORY OF BT7RFORD. 
 
 "condition of interposition. The Major generall and my- 
 self coming to the Earl of Roxborough's house, and ob- 
 serving his posture, I told him I thought it did give us 
 an opportunity to advantage, to attempt upon the enemy ; 
 to which he immediately replied, that he had thought 
 to have said the same thing to me ; so that it pleased 
 the Lorde to sett this apprehension upon both our 
 hearts at the same instant. We called for Colonell 
 Monke and shewed him the thing, and coming to our 
 quarters at night, and demonstrating our apprehensions 
 to some of the Colonells, they also cheerfully concurred. 
 We resolved therefore to put our business into this posture, 
 and that sixe regiments of horse and three regiments and 
 a halfe of foote should marche in the van, and that the 
 Major generall, the Lieutenant generall of the horse, and 
 the Commissary generall and Colonell Monke, to com- 
 mand the brigade of foote, should lead on the business, 
 and that Colonell Pride's brigade, Colonell Overton's 
 brigade, and the remaining two regiments of horse, should 
 bring up the cannon and rere, the time of falling on to 
 be by breake of day, but by some delay it proved not to 
 be till five a clock in the morninge. The enemy's worde 
 was THE COVENANT, which they had used for diverse 
 days, ours THE LORD OF HOSTS. The Major 
 generall, Lieutenant generall Whalley and Lieutenant 
 generall Twisleton, gave the onset, the enemy being in 
 very good position to receive them, having the advantage 
 of their cannon and foote, against our horse, and before 
 our foote could come up, the enemy made a gallant re- 
 sistance. And there was a very hott dispute at sword's" 
 
EMINENT MEN. 67 
 
 "point between our horse and theirs. Our first foote, after 
 they had discharged their first duty, being overpowered 
 with the enemy, received some repulse, which they soon 
 recovered ; but my own regiment, under the command 
 of Lieutenant-Colonell Goff, and my Major White, did 
 come seasonably in, and at push of pike did repel the 
 stoutest regiment the enemy had there, meerly with the 
 courage which the Lorde was pleased to give, which 
 proved a great amazement to the residue of their foote, 
 this being the first action between the foote : the horse 
 in the mean time did, with a great deal of courage and 
 spirit, beat backe all opposition, charging through the 
 bodies of the enemies horse and their foote, which were 
 after the first repulse given by the Lord of Hosts, as 
 stubble to their swordes. Indeed I believe I may speak 
 it without partiality, both your chief Commanders and 
 others in their several places, and soldiers also, acted with 
 as much courage as ever had been seen in any action 
 since this war ; I know they look not to be named, and 
 therefore I forbare particulars. The best of the enemies 
 horse and foote being broken through and through, in 
 less than an hower's dispute their whole army being put 
 into confusion, it became a totall route, and our men 
 having the chase and execution of them near eight miles. 
 We believe that upon the place and nere about it were 
 3000 slaine ; prisoners taken of their officers you have 
 this inclosed list ; of private soldiers nere 10,000, the 
 whole baggage and trayne taken, in which was good store 
 of match, powder and bullet, all their artillerie, great and 
 small, thirty gunns. We are confident they have left" 
 
68 HISTOKY OF BUEFOKD. 
 
 " behind them no less than 15,000 arms. I have already 
 brought into me nere 200 collours, which I herewith 
 sende you. What officers of quality of theirs are killed 
 we yet cannot learne, but surely diverse are, and many 
 men of quality are mortally wounded, as Colonell Lums- 
 dell, the Lord Libberton, and others ; and that which is 
 no small addition, I believe we have not lost 20 men, not 
 one commissioned officer slaine, as I heare of, save one 
 cornet and Major "Rooksby, since dead of his wounds, and 
 not many mortally wounded ; Colonell Whalley only cut 
 in the handwrist and his horse twice shot and killed un- 
 der him ; but he well recovered another horse and went 
 on in his chase Thus you have the prospect of one of 
 the most signal mercies God has done for England and 
 his people this war. And now may it please you to give 
 me the leave of a few words. It is easy to say the Lord 
 hath done this. It would do you good to see our poor 
 foote go up and down making their boast of God. But, 
 Sir, it is in your handes, and by these eminent mercies, 
 God puts into your handes to give glory to him, to im- 
 prove .your power and his blessing to his praise. We 
 that serve you beg of you not to owne us but God alone. 
 We pray you owne his people more and more, for they 
 are his chariots and horsemen of Israel. Disowne your- 
 selves, but owne your authority, and improve it to curb 
 the proud and insolent, such as would disturbe the tran- 
 quillity of England, through under what specious pre- 
 tences soever : relieve the oppressed, hear the groanes of 
 poor prisoners in England : be pleased to reforme the 
 abuses of all professions, and if there be any one that" 
 
EMINENT MEN. 69 
 
 "makes many poore, to make a few riche, that suits not 
 a commonwealth. If he that strengthens your servants 
 to fight, pleases to give you hearts to sett upon those 
 things in order to his glory and the glory of your com- 
 monwealth besides the benefit that England shall feele 
 thereby, you shall shine forth to other nations, who shall 
 emulate the glory of such a pattern and through the 
 power of God turn into the like. These are our desires, 
 and that you may have liberty and opportunity to do 
 these things and not be hindered, we have bene and 
 shall, (by God's assistance) willing to venture our lives, 
 and not desire you should be precipitated by importunity 
 from your care of safetie and preservation ; but that the 
 doing these good things may have their place amongst 
 those which concern well being, and so be wrought in 
 their time and order. Since we came in Scotland, it has 
 been our desire and longing to avoide blood in this busi- 
 ness, by reason God hath a people here fearing his name, 
 though deceived ; and to that end we have offered much 
 love unto suche in the bo wells of Christe ; and concern- 
 ing the truth of our hearts therein have we appealed unto 
 the Lord. The ministers of Scotland have hindered the 
 passage of these things to the hearts of those to whom 
 we intended them, and now we heare that not only the 
 deceived people but some of the ministers are also fallen 
 in the battle. This is the great hand of the Lord and 
 worthy of the consideration of all those who take into 
 their hands the instruments of a foolish Shepherd — to 
 witt, medling with worldly policies and mixtures of 
 earthly power, to set up that which they call the king-" 
 
70 HISTORY OP BUEFOED. 
 
 " dom of Christ, which is neither it, nor if it were it, 
 would such means be found effectual to that end ; and 
 neglect or trust not to the Word of God, the sword of 
 the Spirit which is alone powerful and able for the setting 
 up of that kingdome, and when trusted to, will be found 
 effectually able to that end and will also do it. This is 
 humbly offered for their sakes, who having lately much 
 turned aside, that they might returne againe to preache 
 Jesus Christ according to the simplicity of the Gospell, 
 and then no doubt they will discerne and find your pro- 
 tection and incouragement. Beseeching you to pardon 
 this length, I humbly take leave, and rest 
 
 Your humble Servant, 
 
 O. Ckomwell." 
 Dunbarr, September 24th, 1650. 
 
 For the honourable William Lenthall, Esq., Speaker 
 of the Parliament of England. 
 
 W. D. Fellowes. pp. 230—336. 
 
 Note. — The above two letters are curious specimens of Cromwell's 
 epistolary style, and are assuredly characteristic of him whom 
 Hampden said to Lord Bigby : — That sloven will be the greatest man in 
 
 Soon after the execrable execution of King Charles Cromwell ob- 
 tained the command of the Army, being saluted General, (the Par- 
 liament's General.) 
 
EMINENT MEN. 71 
 
 Butler in his Hudibras, Part III. Canto II. lines 
 907 — 910, thus writes of Speaker Lenthall : — 
 
 " Cut out more work than can be done 
 In Plato's year,* but finish none, 
 Unless it be the bulls of Lenthal, 
 That always pass'd for fundamental:"! 
 
 PETER HEYLYK 
 
 Peter Heylyn son of Henry Heylyn, descended from 
 an ancient family of his name living at Pentrie-Heylyn 
 in Montgomeryshire, was born here (Burford) 29 Nov. 
 1599, and educated at the Grammar School. 
 
 In the year 1613 he was placed by his father at Hart 
 Hall ; | Oxford; two years afterwards he was chosen 
 
 * The Platonic year, or time required for a complete revolution of 
 the entire machine of the World, has by some been made to consist 
 of 4,000 common years: others have thought it must extend to 
 26,000, or still more. 
 
 f The Ordinances published by the House of Commons were 
 signed by Lenthall, the Speaker, and were therefore called " the bulls 
 of Lenthal. 55 
 
 They may be termed " fundamental," because many of them were 
 issued by order of the Rump Parliament. 
 
 % Afterwards Hertford College, and now St. Mary Magdalen Hall. 
 " On May 3, 1820, the foundation-stone of the future residence of 
 the Scholars of this Hall, was laid on the site of the dissolved College 
 of Hertford) which obtained its name from an Inn possessed by one 
 Ettas de Hertford, who let it out to Clerks about 1281, when it was 
 called Hertford, or corruptly Hert, or Hart Hall. It was established 
 as a Collegiate Hall in 1314, by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of 
 
72 HISTOEY OF BUKFORD. 
 
 Demi of Magdalen College, and took his B. A. degree in 
 1617, and his M.A. in 1620. 
 
 In 1623 he was ordained Deacon and Priest. 
 
 In the latter end of 1628 he went as Chaplain to the 
 Earl of Danby to the Isle of Guernsey, of which his 
 Lordship was Governor. 
 
 In Oct. 3 631, he was made Rector of Henningford, 
 Huntingdonshire, and on 1 Nov. following the king gave 
 him a Prebendship of Westminster. 
 
 The next year the king bestowed on him the rich Par- 
 sonage of Houghton-le-Spring, Durham, which, for his 
 own convenience, the king allowed him to exchange for 
 the Rectory of Ailresford, Hampshire. In 1633, he 
 took his D.D. degree. 
 
 Afterwards, being persecuted by the Parliamentarians 
 who deprived him of his Church preferments, sequestrated 
 his estates, and his family being in consequence reduced 
 to urgent necessity, he in 1647 retired to Minster-Lovel, 
 Oxfordshire, where, taking a farm of his Nephew, Col. 
 Henry Heylyn, in the year following, he lived six years 
 or more spending much of his time in writing Books. 
 
 Thence he removed to Abingdon, Berks, where he 
 bought a house and land called Lacies Court, five miles 
 from Oxford. In 1660, upon his majesty's return to his 
 kingdoms, he was restored to his Spiritualities, but never 
 rose higher than Sub-Dean of Westminster. 
 
 " Exeter, and was converted into a College in 1739 by its Principal, 
 Dr. Richard Newton." 
 
 Tymmi Family Topographer. Vol IV. p. 185. 
 
EMINENT MBIT. 73 
 
 He was a warm defender of Dr. Laud, Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, who was beheaded in 1644. 
 
 Among his numerous writings the following have ob- 
 tained the most prominent notice : — 
 
 Microcosmus : or, A description of the great world. 
 
 Cosmography. 
 
 Ecclesia Vindicata: or, The Church of England 
 justified. 
 
 His Historical Tracts also contain much useful matter, 
 The Cosmography was the last book that its author 
 wrote with his own hand (1651), for after it was finished, 
 his eyes failed him, that he could neither see to write 
 nor read without the help of an Amanuensis, whom he 
 kept to his dying day. He died on Ascension-day (May 
 8) 1662, and was buried in St. Peter's church, West- 
 minster. 
 
 For fuller particulars of this eminent divine and voluminous 
 Author, see Wood's Athen. Oxon. Yol. I. pp. 181 — 188. 
 
 LUCIUS CARY. 
 
 Lucius Gary, (son and heir of Henry Cary, Viscount 
 Falkland, of Scotland, by Elizabeth, his wife, sole 
 daughter and heir of Sir Lawrence Tanfield, Knt, Lord 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer,) afterwards Lord Falk- 
 land, was born here (Burford) in the year 1610. When 
 his father became Lord Deputy of Ireland, An. 1622, he 
 took his son Lucius with him into that country, and 
 placed him in T, inity College. Dublin; but upon his 
 
74 HISTOEY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 return to England, he sent him to finish his studies at 
 Oxford. 
 
 His early life was spent in Poetry Midi polite learning, 
 which caused him to be admired by the Poets of those 
 times ; viz. : — 
 
 Ben. Johnson has an epigram upon him in his 
 Underwood, 2nd Vol. of his Works. 
 
 Edmund Waller, of Beaconsfield, mentions him in 
 hisPoems written on several occasions, p. 81. pub. 1668. 
 
 Sir John Suckling, in his Poem called the Session of 
 Poets, (p. 10. pub. 1648.) thus mentions him : — 
 
 " He was of late so gone with Divinity, 
 That he had almost forgot his Poetry, 
 Though to say the truth (and Apollo did know it) 
 He might have been both his Priest and his Poet." 
 
 About the time of his father's death (in 1633), he be- 
 came one of the Gentlemen of his Majesty's Privy 
 Chamber ; and frequently retired to his house at Great 
 Tew, and sometimes went to Oxford, to have the com- 
 pany of, and conversation with, learned and witty men. 
 
 In 1639, he was put in Commission for his Majesty in 
 the expedition against the Scots ; and upon his safe re- 
 turn, Abr. Cowley, the Prince of Poets and a great ad- 
 mirer of him, makes honourable mention of him in his 
 Works, printed in 1678. 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1640 he was chosen a 
 Member of the House of Commons, for Newport in the 
 Isle of Wight. He was made Secretary of State, and 
 ever after adhered to his Majesty, and was with him at 
 
EXINEXT MEX. 
 
 Edge-hill fight, and afterwards at Oxford, where he dis- 
 charged his office with a great deal of prudence. 
 
 Of this Lucius Lord Falkland, Wood says, " This 
 learned Author being with his Majesty King Charles I., 
 at Newbury, in Berks, when he was about to fight the 
 Kebels, he called for a clean shirt in the morning before 
 the encounter began ; and being asked the reason for it, 
 he answered that ' if he was slain in the battle they 
 should not find his body in foul linnen/ Whereupon 
 his friends endeavouring to dissuade him from going into 
 the fight, as having no call to it, or that he was a mili- 
 tary officer, he said c he was weary of the times and 
 foresaw much misery to his own country, and did believe 
 he should be out of it before night/ Into the battle 
 therefore he did go, notwithstanding all persuasions to 
 the contrary, and was there slain, 20 Sept. 1643, much 
 lamented, as a great Parliamentarian* saith, of all that 
 knew him, being a Gentleman of great parts, ingenuity 
 and honour, courteous and just to all, and a passion- 
 ate promoter of all endeavours of peace betivixt the 
 King and Parliament: Whether the Church of Eng- 
 land lost a friend by his death, some have doubted : 
 sure it is, learning itself had a loss, and one of the greatest 
 (as many Clergymen have said) that ever hapned in 
 that or in the age before. His body was conveyed to 
 Oxon, and afterwards to Great Tevj (before mentioned), 
 where it was buried in the Church without being carried 
 into his house there. Over his grave, tho there be" 
 
 * Bulstrode Whitlock in his Memorials of English Affairs, printed 
 1682. p. 70. a. 
 
76 HISTORY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 " not yet any memory extant, yet Sir Franc. Worthy of 
 Worthy in Yorkshire, Knight and Baronet, an admirer 
 of his virtues and learning, who stiles him Musarum 
 militumque patronus hath bestowed an Epitaph and an 
 Elegy on him in his book intit. Characters and Elegies, 
 printed 1646. His person was little and of no great 
 strength, his hair blackish and somewhat shaggy, and 
 his eye black and quick. He left behind him a most 
 disconsolate widow named Letice, the daughter of Sir 
 Rich. Morison, of Tooley-Park, in Leicestershire, 
 Knight, the most devout, pious and virtuous woman of 
 the time she lived in, who dying about the 35 year of 
 her age was buried by her husband in Feb. 1646." 
 
 Athen. Oxon. Vol.. I. p. 503. 
 
 That most delightful Historian, Lord Clarendon, in 
 his account of the battle of Newbury, thus writes : — 
 
 " In this unhappy battle, was slain the Lord Viscount 
 Falkland ; a person of such prodigious parts of learning 
 and knowledge, of that inimitable sweetness and delight 
 in conversation, of so flowing and obliging a humanity 
 and goodness to mankind, and of that primitive sim- 
 plicity and integrity of life, that if there were no other 
 brand upon this odious and accursed Civil War, than that 
 single loss, it must be most infamous, and execrable to 
 
 all posterity." "In the morning before the 
 
 battle, as always upon action, he was very cheerful, and 
 put himself into the first rank of Lord Byron's regiment, 
 then advancing upon the enemy, who had lined the 
 hedges on both sides with Musqueteers ; from whence he 
 was shot with a musquet in the lower part of the belly," 
 
EMINENT MEN. 77 
 
 " and in the instant falling from his horse, his body was 
 not found till the next morning ; till when, there was 
 some hope he might have been a prisoner ; though his 
 nearest friends, who knew his temper, received small 
 comfort from that imagination. Thus fell that incom- 
 parable young man, in the four and thirtieth year of his 
 age, having so much dispatched the true business of life, 
 that the eldest rarely attain to that immense knowledge, 
 and the youngest enter not into the world with more 
 innocency : whosoever leads such a life needs be the less 
 anxious upon how short warning it is taken from him/' 
 
 Clarendons Hist, of the Rebellion and Civil Wars. 
 Yol. IT. pp. 270, 277. 
 
 For fuller account of this Nobleman and his character see 
 Clarendon's Hist. Vols. I. and II., and Wood's Athen. Oxon. Yol. I. 
 p. 500, 1, 2, 3. 
 
 THE SOKTES VIRGILI AN^E. 
 
 An Anecdote of King Charles, I, and Lord Falkland, extracted from 
 Historical Sketches of that king by W. D. Fellowes. 
 
 The king being at Oxford, during the Civil Wars, went 
 one day to see the Library, where he was shown, among 
 other books, a Virgil nobly printed and exquisitely 
 bound. The Lord Falkland, to divert the king, would 
 have his Majesty make a trial of his fortune by the 
 Sortes VirgiliancB, which everybody knows was an usual 
 kind of Augury some ages past. Whereupon the king 
 opening the book, the period which happened to come 
 
78 HISTOEY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 up was that part of Dido's imprecation against JZneas, 
 which Mr. Dry den translates thus : — 
 
 " Yet, let a race untamed, and haughty foes, 
 His peaceful entrance with dire arms oppose ; 
 Oppressed with numbers in th 5 unequal field, 
 His men discouraged, and himself expelled ; 
 Let him for succour sue from place to place, 
 Torn from his subjects' and his son's embrace ; 
 First let him see his friends in battle slain, 
 And their untimely fate lament in vain ; 
 And when at length the cruel war shall cease, 
 On hard conditions may he buy his peace ; 
 Nor let him then enjoy supreme command, 
 But fall untimely by some hostile hand ; 
 And lie unburied in the barren sand." 
 
 Mieid. B. IY. 1. 88. 
 
 It is said that King Charles seemed affected at this 
 accident, and that the Lord Falkland, observing it, 
 would likewise try his own fortune, in the same manner; 
 hoping that he might fall upon some passage that could 
 have no relation to his case, ^and thereby divert the 
 king's thoughts from any impression the other might have 
 made upon him. But the place that Falkland tumbled 
 upon, was yet more suitable to his destiny, than the other 
 had been to the king's ; being the following expression 
 of Fvander, upon the untimely death of his son Pallas, 
 as they are translated by the same hand : — 
 
 " Pallas ! thou hast failed thy plighted word, 
 To fight with caution, not to tempt the sword ; 
 I warned thee, in vain, for well I knew 
 What perils youthful ardour would pursue :" 
 
EMMTENT MEX. 79 
 
 " That boiling blood would carry thee too far ; 
 Young as thou wert iu dangers — raw in war ! 
 Oh ! curst essay in arms — disastrous doom — 
 Prelude of bloody fields and fights to come." 
 
 Ibid. E. II. 1. 220. 
 
 Fell owes. pp. 214, 21.5. 
 
 The Lord Falkland's petition to the King in behalf of 
 his rebellious Son* 
 
 " Most humbly shewing, that I had a sonne, until I 
 lost him, in your Highness displeasure, where I cannot 
 seek him, because I have not will to find him there. 
 Men say, there is a wild young man now prisoner in the 
 Fleet, for measuring his actions by his own private sense. 
 But now that for the same your Majesties hand hath ap- 
 peared in his punishment, he bows" and humbles himself 
 before, and to it : whether he be mine or not, I can dis- 
 cern by no light, but that of your Eoyal Clemency ; for 
 only in your forgiveness can I own him for mine. For- 
 giveness is the glory of the supremest powers, and this 
 the operation, that when it is extended in the greatest 
 measure, it converts the greatest offenders into the" 
 
 * He was his Lordship's second son, and succeeded to the Title 
 and Estates on the death of his elder brother. He was wild and ex- 
 travagant, and sold his deceased father's incomparable Library for a 
 horse and a mare. 
 
 Afterwards he reformed, and proved a man of learning and ability. 
 This Henri/, Yiscount Falkland (ancestor of the present Viscount 
 Falkland) represented the county of Oxford, and was made Lord 
 Lieutenant of it, after the Restoration, and died April 2, 1663, aged 
 29, or thereabouts, and was buried by the graves of his father and 
 mother. 
 
80 HISTORY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 " greatest lovers, and so makes purchase of the heart, an 
 especial privilege peculiar and due to Sovereign Princes. 
 If now your Majesty will vouchsafe, out of your own be- 
 nignity to become a second nature, and restore that unto 
 me which the first gave me, and vanity deprived me of, 
 I shall keep my reckoning of the full number of my sons 
 with comfort, and render the tribute of my most humble 
 thankfulness; else my weak old memory must forget one/' 
 Cabala, p. 238. Printed in London. 1663. 
 
 " Who by their precedents of wit, 
 T'outfast, outloiter, and outsit,* 
 &c. &c. &c. &c." 
 
 Butler's Hudibras. Part III. 
 Canto II. Lines 897, 8. 
 
 * By these arts and methods, the leaders on the Parliament side, 
 defeated the purposes of the Loyalists, and carried such points in the 
 House as were disagreeable to the sober part, and indeed, to the 
 majority. 
 
 Thus the remonstrance was carried, as Lord Clarendon says, 
 merely by the hour of the night ; the debates being continued till two 
 o'clock, and very many having withdrawn out of pure faintness and 
 disability to attend the conclusion. 
 
 The bill against Episcopacy, and others, were carried by outfast- 
 ing, and outsitting those who opposed it : which made Lord Falkland 
 say, "that they who hated Bishops, hated them worse than the 
 Devil, and that they who loved them, did not love them so well as 
 their dinner." . Clarendon's Hist. Vol. I. p. 216. 
 
EMINENT MEN. Si 
 
 MARCHEMONT NEEDAM. 
 
 Mavchemont Needam* son of March Needam, a 
 Gentleman of Derbyshire, (B. A. of St. John's Coll :, and 
 Gloucester Hall,*f- Oxford, afterwards an Attendant on 
 the Lady Elizabeth Lucas, sister of John Lord Lucas, 
 and wife of Sir William Walter, Bart :, of Sarsden, near 
 this town) by Margery his wife, daughter of John 
 Collier the Host of the George-Inn, then the principal 
 place for the reception of Guests in Burford, was born 
 here in August, 1620 ; and baptized on the 21st instant. 
 
 His father dying in the year following, his mother was 
 the next year after that married to the Rev. Christopher 
 Glynn, Vicar of • this town, and Master of the Free- 
 School here, under whom he received his early education. 
 
 At about 14 years of age he was sent to All Souls' 
 College,| Oxford, where he continued till he took his 
 B.A. degree in 1637, and then removed to St. Mary's 
 Hall for a time. 
 
 * Not Needham or Neclham as spelt by Authors. 
 The following is an exact copy of an entry in the Register Book 
 in Burford church : — 
 
 " 1620. BAPTISMES. 
 
 Marchemont the Sonn of March Needam. 21. Aug." 
 
 f Now Worcester College. 
 
 % This College, so denominated from the directions given to the 
 Society to pray for the souls of all the faithful deceased, was founded 
 in 1437 by Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 The Author is of Founder's kin at this College. 
 
B2 history OP M'KFORD. 
 
 He afterwards became an Usher in Merchant Taylor's 
 »ol, but how long he continued there does not appear. 
 
 Certain it is, thai upon the breaking out of the Civil 
 War he became an under-clerk in Gray's Inn, and a 
 weailii rcock political writer. 
 
 The popular side Beamed to promise most emolument, 
 and he therefore, in 1643, commenced a weekly Satire 
 on the Court under the title of Mercv/rius B rit aniens, 
 and trafl considered an useftil partisan on the side of the 
 Parliament I [aving become popular, and being an active 
 man among the Parliamentarians, he was commonly 
 called Captain Nedha/nii of Bray's Inn, and what he 
 said or wrote ked upon as QospeL 
 
 About this time be turned his studies to Physic, and in 
 1 i\ 15 1»» gan to ] it. 
 
 After this, he was imprisoned in the Gatehouse for 
 nsing the king in his publications, and upon some 
 -ion ofsooni or affronl put upon him by his party he 
 left tin* cause, and obtaining the favour of a known 
 Royalist to introduce him into his Majesty's presence at 
 Ha/mpton Court) an 1647, he knelt before him, and de- 
 sired forgiveness for what he had written against him and 
 his cause : which being readily granted, he kissed his 
 Majesty's hand, and soon after wrote a new weekly paper 
 entitled Mercurius Pragrnaticus. In this he was as 
 satirical and witty against the Presbyterians as in the 
 former he had been against the Royalists. When the 
 factious party advanced in power, he judged it expedient 
 to quit London ; and for some time secreted himself in 
 the house of Dr. Peter Heylyn, at Minster LoveL near 
 
. J N 1 N I U I 
 
 his native place. At length being du I, he was 
 
 committed to X tad his life endangered, Lent/tail 
 
 the Speaker of the House of Commons, who knew him 
 well, and John Brad&ha/w, President of the High Court 
 of Justice, not only obtained his pardon, but with promise 
 of rewards and places, persuaded him to take up his pen 
 for the Independents, then the prevalent party. 
 
 In their service he published a third weekly paper, 
 entitled Afercuruts Podticus, commenced in 1649, a 
 work severely hostile to the cause of the Royalists. It 
 was continued till the happy Restoration, (1660) when it 
 was suppressed by order of the Council of State. 
 
 After this, in 1 661, he, by giving money to a Courtier, 
 obtained his pardon under the Great Seal, upon which he 
 resumed the practice of Physic with considerable encou- 
 ragement among the Dissenters till his death. 
 
 Besides the Mercurii abovementioned he was the 
 Author of a great number of fugitive and temporary poli- 
 tical Pamphlets, which it is now superfluous to enumerate. 
 One work of his, however, has escaped oblivion : its title 
 is, a "Discourse oftjie excellency of a Free-State above 
 Kingly government." London. 1650. published with the 
 "Mercurius Politicus," and reprinted so lately as 1767. 
 It is a learned and methodical work, full of illustrations 
 from Greek and Roman history, often unnecessarily re- 
 peated. Its foundation is the natural sovereignty of the 
 people, which principle is ably supported and vindicated. 
 This piece was thought worthy of a French translation in 
 the year 1791. 
 
 Another of his political works which may be noticed 
 
HISTOBY OF BUBFORD. 
 
 was, a translation into English of Seidell s "M 
 clausum," printed in fol. 1652 or thereabouts, to which 
 he added an Appendix concerning the Sovereignty of 
 the Kings of Grrot Iiritain on the Sea, entitled Ad- 
 ditional Evi 
 
 After the restoration of King Charles II. this copy 
 was corrected by Jo,, us Howell, Gent ; and printed in 
 London iii 1 662, 
 
 The Author likewise displayed his five principles in 
 his own profession, by a work entitled " MedelaMediciiue/' 
 printed io 1665, in which he attempted to prove that 
 \ man ought to be allowed to undertake the practice 
 of Medicine without previous study in Schools, or the 
 examination of l *. Bus medical heresy was re- 
 
 futed by two D >f thai faculty, Fellows of the 
 
 College of Phyeioiams, London, viz.: John Twyeden 
 in his "Medicine reterum vindicata," &a; and Robert 
 ickH/ng in his "Ifedela ignarantra," &c. 
 
 Nadu ,u y in his Preface to a book entitled "A new 
 idea of the practice of Physiek, by Franc de la Boe" 
 pub. 1675, says, "four champion- were employed by the 
 ColL of Physitians to write against this book. Two of 
 which are gone already : the third I hear is often buried 
 in ale at a place called The hole in the Wall* and the 
 fourth hath asked me pardon before company, confessing 
 that he was set on by th6 brotherhood of the con- 
 federacy." 
 
 The versatility of his principles, and the prostitution 
 
 * Tkis was a noted Alehouse in Baldwin'* Gardens, ilolhom. 
 
KMIXJ.M KBB 85 
 
 of his talents are apparent from the preceding sketch of 
 his life. 
 
 This Author died suddenly in the house of Mr. Kid* 
 in Devreux Court, near Temple Bar, and was buried in 
 the church of St, Clement Danes, 29 Nov. 1678. 
 
 For fuller account sec Aihe*. Oxon. Vol. 1L pp 405 — 471. 
 Mr ni commenced each Pragmaticus with the 
 
 following verses : — 
 
 " A Sect and Jesuit joined in hand, 
 First taught the world to say, 
 That Subjects ought to have command, 
 And Princes to obey." 
 
 " These both agreed to have no long, 
 The Scotchman he went further, 
 No Bishop — ' ly thing, 
 
 S to reform by murder/' 
 
 " Then th' Independent meek and sly, 
 Most lowly lies at lurch, 
 And so to put poor Jockie by, 
 Resolves to have no Church.' 5 
 
 " The King's dethroned! The Subjects bleed ! 
 The Church hath no abode. 
 Let us conclude the're all agreed, 
 That 'sure there is no God' 3 
 
 JOHN WILMOT. 
 
 John Wilmot, afterwards Earl of Rochester, son of 
 Henry Earl of Rochester, better known by the title of 
 Lord Wilmot, so often mentioned in Clarendon's History, 
 was born at Ditchley, near Woodstock, April 10, ] 648 ; 
 and educated at the Grammar-School here (Burford). 
 
86 histoey of buefoed. 
 
 In 1659, he entered a nobleman into Wadham Col- 
 lege, and in 1661, was, with several other noble persons, 
 created Master of Arts ; at which time he, and none else, 
 was admitted into the fraternity by a kiss on the left 
 cheek from the Chancellor of the University, Lord 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Afterwards he travelled into France and Italy, and at 
 his return devoted himself to the Court, and was at length 
 made one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to King 
 Charles II., and Comptroller of Woodstock Park. 
 
 Having an active and inquisitive mind, he never, ex- 
 cept in his paroxysms of intemperance, was wholly neg- 
 ligent of study ; he read what is considered as polite 
 learning so much, that he is mentioned by Wood as the 
 greatest Scholar of all the Nobility. His favourite 
 author in French was Boileau, and in English, Cowley. 
 
 Though these accomplishments rendered him very ac- 
 ceptable at Court, he quitted it to shew his readiness to 
 hazard his life in the defence and service of his country, 
 and shewed great courage in the attack made upon the 
 Butch East India Fleet in the Port of Bergen in Nor- 
 way in 1665. 
 
 The summer following he went aboard the ship com- 
 manded by Sir Edward Spragge, who, in the heat of the 
 engagement, having a message of reproof to send to one 
 of his Captains, could find no man ready to carry it but 
 Wilmot, who, in an open boat, went and returned amidst 
 the storm of shot. 
 
 After his return from sea he associated with company 
 who loved excess, and in this state he played many frolics 
 
EMINENT MEN. 87 
 
 very often to the hazard of his life, which for his honour 
 should not be published. 
 
 Of this Lord Dr. Johnson observes, " at the age of 
 one-and-thirty he had exhausted the fund of life, and re- 
 duced himself to a state of weakness and decay. At this 
 time he was led to an acquaintance with Dr. Burnet, to 
 whom he laid open with great freedom the tenor of his 
 opinions, and the course of his life, and from whom he re- 
 ceived such conviction of the reasonableness of moral duty, 
 and the truth of Christianity, as produced a total change 
 both of his manners and opinions. 
 
 The account of those salutary conferences is given by 
 Burnet in a book, entitled, ' History of some passages of 
 the life and death of John Earl of Rochester,' pub. in 
 1680, which the critic ought to read for its elegance, the 
 philosopher for its arguments, and the saint for its piety. 
 It were an injury to the reader to offer him an abridge- 
 ment/' Johnson's English Poets. 
 
 This Earl died July 26, 1680, and was buried in 
 Spelsbury church, Oxfordshire, leaving behind him a son 
 named Charles, who dying Nov. 12, 1681, was buried by 
 his father Dec. 7 following. He also left behind him 
 three daughters, named Anne, Elizabeth, and Malet; so 
 that the male line being extinct, his Majesty Charles II. 
 conferred the title of Rochester on Laurence Viscount 
 Killingworth, a younger son of Edward Earl of Cla- 
 rendon. 
 
 Lord Rochester was eminent for the vigour of his 
 colloquial wit, and remarkable for many wild pranks and 
 sallies of extravagance. 
 
88 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 The glare of his general character diffused itself upon 
 his writings ; the compositions of a man whose name was 
 heard so often were certain of attention, and from many- 
 readers certain of applause. This blaze of reputation is 
 not yet quite extinguished, and- his poetry still retains 
 some splendour beyond that which genius has bestowed. 
 
 Wood and Burnet give us reason to believe, that much 
 was imputed to him which he did not write. 
 
 Eor fuller particulars of this Nobleman, see 
 Athen. Oxon. Vol. II. pp. 488—491. 
 Historical, Geographical; and Political Dictionary, 
 
 pub. 1694. 
 Royal and Noble Authors of England, Vol II. 
 
 p. 43—48. 
 Burnet, and 
 The lives of the English Poets by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 CHARLES JENKINSOK 
 
 Charles Jenkinson was born May 1 6, 1727, and re- 
 ceived the first rudiments of his education at the Gram- 
 mar-School here. He took his B. A. and M. A. degrees at 
 Oxford, and in 1753 removed from this University and 
 commenced his career as a man of letters, and is said to 
 have supplied materials for the Monthly Review. 
 
 He next commenced political writer ; and in 1756, 
 puplished a Dissertation on the Establishment of a Na- 
 tional and Constitutional Force in England, independent 
 of a standing army. 
 
eminent: men. 89 
 
 Soon after this he wrote, " A Discourse on the conduct 
 of the government of Great Britain, with respect to 
 neutral Nations during the present War/' 
 
 In 1763, he was Secretary to the Treasury. 
 
 In 1766, he was nominated a Lord of the Admiralty. 
 
 From 1767 to 1773, a Lord of the Treasury. 
 
 In 1772, he was appointed one of the Vice-treasurers 
 of Ireland. 
 
 In 1778, he was elevated to the post of Secretary of 
 War. 
 
 In 1786, he was nominated to the lucrative post of 
 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, created Baron of 
 Hawkesbury, in the county of Gloucester. 
 
 He was created Earl of Liverpool, May 18, 1796. 
 
 Besides the works that have already been mentioned, 
 his Lordship was the Author of the following : — 
 
 " A collection of all Treaties of Peace, Alliance, and 
 Commerce between Great Britain and other Powers, from 
 the Treaty of Munster in 1648, to the treaties signed at 
 Paris in 1783." 3 Vols. 8vo. 1785. And " A Treatise on 
 the Coins of England, in a letter to the King." 4to. 1805. 
 
 His Lordship was married, first, in 1769, to Miss 
 Amelia Watts, daughter of the Governor of Fort Wil- 
 liam, in Bengali, by whom he had a son ; and secondly, 
 June 22, 1782, to Catherine, daughter of the late Sir 
 Cecil Bishop, Bart., and widow of Sir Charles Cope, by . 
 whom he left a son and daughter, viz. : The Hon. 
 Charles Cecil Cope Jenkinson, M.P. for Sandwich ; and 
 Lady Charlotte, married to the Viscount Grimstone. 
 
 His Lordship died Dec. 17, 180S. 
 
90 IIISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM BEECHEY, KNT. R.A. 
 
 William Beechey was born here (Burford) in the year 
 1753, and was at a proper age placed under an eminent 
 Conveyancer at Stow, Gloucestershire. A volatile flow 
 of spirits, a bright and active imagination, and a mind 
 eagerly bent upon enquiry, was not to be chained to the 
 desk of a provincial Conveyancer long enough to acquire 
 any deep insight into that abstruse profession. 
 
 He had heard much of London — he wished to see 
 London — and to London he accordingly went. 
 
 There he articled himself for a given period to a gen- 
 tleman who died before the expiration of his time, when 
 he made a second engagement with a Mr. Owen, of 
 Tooke's Court. 
 
 He accidentally became acquainted with several stu- 
 dents of the Royal Academy. The objects in which they 
 were engaged attracted and enchanted him : by the 
 splendid assemblage of colours which they mixed upon 
 the Palette, and transferred to the canvass, his eye was 
 delighted ; and, by the field thus opened to him, his dis- 
 gust at his original profession increased, and he deter- 
 mined to change his pen for the pencil, his inkstand for 
 the colour-box, and his desk for the easil. 
 
 He was 
 
 " Early foredoom' d his father's soul to cross, 
 And paint a picture when he should engross." 
 
 So powerful was this new attachment, that he did not 
 wait till the expiration of his agreement, but prevailed 
 
- T p " -_: r- V 
 
 Knt. R-A. 
 
EMINENT MEN. 91 
 
 upon Mr. Owen to accept of a young man whom he had 
 procured to supply his place, as a substitute for the re- 
 maining time of his Articles, and in 1772 he commenced 
 a Student in the Royal Academy. 
 
 Considering the number of admirable pictures which 
 this Artist has painted, to point out any in particular, 
 may be deemed rather invidious to such as are not men- 
 tioned. 
 
 To those who can appreciate their various merits, it 
 would be unnecessary ; to those who cannot, it might be 
 uninteresting. 
 
 With respect to his general merit as an Artist, we 
 honour him for his originality, as it shews a noble daring, 
 and gives him a much greater chance of attaining excel- 
 lence in his profession than those have who servilely walk 
 in the track marked out by others. 
 
 When he was little more than 36 years of age, and 
 painting was at a low ebb, he was the first Artist of his 
 day ; and he continued at the head of his profession until 
 his death, being in the last year of his life as superior to 
 his pupils and followers as he was at first. 
 
 In 1793 Mr. Beechey was elected an Associate, and 
 appointed portrait painter to the Queen, and a Royal 
 Academician in 1797. 
 
 In 1798 he executed his principal work, a large 
 equestrian picture of George III., the Prince of Wales, 
 and the Duke of York ; attended by Generals Dundas, 
 Sir W. Fawcett, and Goldswortk, reviewing the 3rd and 
 10th Dragoons ; for which he was knighted by the 
 King. 
 
92 
 
 HISTOHY OF BTJRFOED. 
 
 He died in January, ] 839, aged 86 years ; and was 
 buried at Hampsteacl with Academic honours. 
 
 Both in morals and painting, he was eminently a res- 
 pectable man. 
 
 Eor fuller account of Sir IF. Becchey, 
 see Biographical Works. 
 
(93) 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 BURFORD. 
 
 The soil inclines much to gravel, with intervening 
 tracts of black loam and clay. Many parts of this dis- 
 trict are low and wet, abounding with meadow and pas- 
 ture ground. 
 
 The Church here was united with Fulbrook Chapelry 
 as early as the year 1228 as a Document exists to prove, 
 and how long before the Author cannot ascertain. 
 
 It vjas in the gift of the Abbot of Keynsham, Somer- 
 setshire. It is now in the patronage of the Lord Bishop 
 of Oxford, value i?294 per an. 
 
 The Pancake-bell is rung here on Shrove-Tuesday 
 yearly just at dinner-time. 
 
 Philip Dilwyn said, "Why does the church bell ring 
 only on Shrove-tuesday in the year, just at dinner-time ? 
 And why does everybody call it pancake-bell V 
 
 " I believe Charley, that the bell was formerly tolled 
 with [a very different object, namely, to call people to 
 church ; not for the purpose of bidding them pour the 
 butter into the frying-pan/-' 
 
94 H1SI0KY OF BUKFORD. 
 
 " The bell continued to toll, (perhaps as a witness against 
 them) though folks ceased to come to church ; and when 
 the real reason why they were invited to come to church 
 at this time was forgotten, ignorant persons took it into 
 their heads that it had some connexion with pancakes." 
 
 Rev. F. E. Paget s Tract called 
 Tlie Pancake-bell. p. 5. 
 
 " It is called Shrove-tuesday, because in old times the 
 people used to go and ' shrive/ or confess themselves to 
 the Priest. And no doubt the tolling of the bell on this 
 day was originally intended for the purpose of calling 
 the people to confession, and not, as is supposed now-a- 
 days^ to remind them to prepare their dinners/' 
 
 Paget, p. 10. 
 
 The tables of Benefactions in the Church here record 
 numerous Charities which have been left at various times, 
 not only for the relief of the Poor, but for many other 
 purposes.* It is unpleasing to find that these well in- 
 
 * On the west wall of Sylvester's Aisle in a stone monument (cased 
 over with wood) is a well-executed painted stone figure and under- 
 neath the following inscription : — 
 
 The Statue of that worthy benefactor, John Harris, 
 late Alderman and Major of the city of Oxford : and 
 native of this place. He gave to the poore of ys Towne 
 of Bur-ford £200 to be thus disposed (vizt:) one £100 to 
 be lent unto Tradesmen gratis, & the profit of the other £100 
 to place out children Apprentices. He died the 14 th of 
 August 1674?. 
 
 Erected in grateful memory ") -r • -L i -n- • -> 
 
 at the charges of this Towne [ IS* ^ w^ I Bayliffs. 
 
 it, flm f,'mp nf ^ — ^ i Edmund Hemmg j ' 
 
 in the time of 
 
 ■^O* t^-i 
 
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 95 
 
 tended bequests have of late years suffered considerably 
 from a want of due attention. It is to be toped that the 
 Charity-Commissioners (who have the management now) 
 will guard every charity of the town from dilapidation 
 and mismanagement in future. 
 
 The following is a copy of an inscription on a flat stone 
 within the Altar-rails of this Church : — 
 " Here Lyeth the body of 
 John Pryor, Gent : who was 
 murdered and found hidden 
 in the Priory garden in this 
 parish the 3 d : day of April 
 Anno Domini 1697 : and was 
 Buried the 6 th : day of the same 
 month in the 6 7 th : yeare 
 of his age." 
 
 On a flat stone in the floor of the Nave, under the 
 Organ-loft, are representations in bronze of a man and 
 his wife in a praying posture. Beneath them is the fol- 
 lowing inscription in old English : — 
 
 " I pray yow all for charite hertely that ye pray for me. To 
 
 oure Lord that syttith on hye. 
 Eul of grace and of mercye, The wiche rode soler* in this chirche 
 
 upon my cost y dede do wuche. 
 TV t. a laumpe birnyng bright to worschip God both day 
 
 & nyght, and a gabul-wyndowf dede do make. 
 In helth of Soule & for Crist sake, now J hu that dydyst 
 
 on a tre on us have mercy & pite. Ame." 
 
 * The word Rode-Soler (Rood-Solar) means Rood-loft in a church. 
 Solar meaning a loft or upper chamber, and is probably used in this 
 instance on account of the rhyme, as it is not commonly used. 
 
 f The Author believes this window to be the one now in St. 
 
96 HISTOEY OF BURFORD. 
 
 On the brass scroll issuing from the man's mouth this : 
 
 "Mary Moder Mayde, Chr have nicy on me Jon Spycer." 
 
 On the brass scroll issuing from the woman's mouth this : 
 
 " And on me Alys his wyff, Lady for thi joyes fyve." 
 
 On brass plates round the stone, the first part of which 
 is gone, this inscription : — 
 
 " qnidem Johnes obiit in vigilia purifi- 
 
 ^* . 
 cacinis beatissime virginis Marie anno Domini 
 
 millmo CCCC tricessimo septimo qnor anime et 
 
 omiiiu fideliu defmictor per misericordiam dei 
 
 in pace reqniescant. Ame." 
 
 The inscriptions on Altar-tombs, Marble-tablets, and 
 flat stones are far too numerous and lengthy to be in- 
 serted in this Work. 
 
 An account of the Charities was published by the 
 Charity-Commissioners in 1827, and to which the Author 
 refers the Reader. 
 
 Here is a Free-School, founded in the year 1571 by 
 Symon Wysdom who endowed it with the rent of some 
 land and of several houses in the town, for the main- 
 tenance of a Master and Usher, who are to instruct the 
 boys of the place in Grammar, Reading, and Writing. 
 
 The Visitor of the School, according to the Founder's 
 Will dated December 1586, was to be his Heir for ever. 
 
 Thomas's Chapel, it being the only gable- window in the chnrch. In 
 tliis chapel the place formerly occupied by an Altar is perceptible, and 
 there is a provision in the will of John Spicer ordering that lights 
 should always be kept burning there. 
 

 Mill 
 
 iiiiiii 
 
 ■::S 
 
 |||!"' ; J 
 i'»'|||f; |j|| 
 
 iiiiiiil 
 
 m&mSmWm ' . • J 
 
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 97 
 
 This privilege was enjoyed by Mr. Robert Wysdom, of 
 Shipton, but in 1743 his Title to Visitor was disputed on 
 the ground of his not being the lawful Heir, and it was 
 afterwards enjoyed by the Corporation of this town. 
 
 Many persons of considerable eminence were formerly 
 educated here, as noticed in Chapter V. 
 
 The School has been void for some months past, in 
 consequence of the non-appointment of a Master, through 
 neglect ; the building, however, is the same as when 
 erected with the exception that a few years ago a high 
 wall was built round the garden and front of the mas- 
 ter's house which before were open to the Church-Green. 
 
 Here are also three Almshouses for poor Widows, but 
 each is very slenderly endowed, viz : 
 
 The Wysdom Almshouse in Church-lane has been 
 allowed to fall into ruins. 
 
 The one on Church-Green (being 2 Tenements) was 
 founded in the year 1457, by the Earl of Warwick, for 8 
 aged women, and is still occupied and in good repair. 
 
 And the third (being 4 Tenements in a yard called 
 Castle-yard, in Guildenford,) was given, in 1726, by the 
 Will of John Castle, Pyhsician, to the use of 4 poor el- 
 derly Widows of this town, with endowments for them. 
 
 Getting a prize : — Mr. Lentkall, who was descended 
 from the Speaker of that name, while he lived at the 
 Priory here, had a very good butler, who one morning 
 came to him with a letter in his hand, and rubbing his 
 forehead in that indescribable manner, which is an 
 
98 HISTORY OF BURFORD. 
 
 introduction to something which the person does not well 
 know how to communicate, told Mr. Lenthall that he 
 was very sorry to be obliged to leave his service. 
 
 " Why, what is the matter John ? has anybody 
 offended you ? I thought you were as happy as any man 
 could be in your situation/' 
 
 " Yes, please your Honour, that's not the thing, but I 
 have just got a prize in the lottery of ^3000, and I have 
 all my life had a wish to live for one twelvemonth like a 
 man of two or three thousand a year, and all I ask of 
 your Honour is, that when I have spent the money, you 
 will take me back again into your service/' 
 
 " That is a promise/' said Mr. Lenthall, "which I be- 
 lieve I may safely make, as there is very little probability 
 of your wishing to return to be a butler after having lived 
 as a gentleman/' 
 
 Mr. Lenthall was, however, mistaken. John spent 
 nearly the amount of his ticket in less than a year. He 
 had previously bought himself a small annuity to provide 
 for his old age ; when he had spent all the rest of his 
 money, he actually returned to the service of Mr. Lenthall, 
 with whom he lived many years. 
 
 \ Baptisms commence 25 March 1612. 
 
 . > Marriages do. 18 April 1613. 
 
 Me ^ sters: -) Burials do. 28 April 1612. 
 
 The Rev. J. H. Burgess, the Vicar, was presented to 
 the living (which is a discharged Vicarage with the 
 Chapelry of Fulbrook rated in the Liber Regis at 
 
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 99 
 
 i?13 „ 13 u 0, but now worth nearly ^300 per annum,) 
 by the Patron, and instituted 16 April, 1860. 
 
 The tithes, the property of the Bishop of Oxford and 
 the Vicar, were commuted for land in the year 1794. 
 
 FULBROOK. 
 
 The Manor of Fulbrooh formerly belonged to Hugh 
 le Despencer, the elder, Earl of Winchester, but upon the 
 downfall of that familyit was seized by King Edward III., 
 and in the 6th year of his reign, (1333) it was given to 
 Maurice Lord Berkeley for his life. At his death the 
 Manor reverted to the Crown, and in the time of King 
 Edward IV., (1461 to 1483) it was given to Lord Brook, 
 a favourite of the House of York ; at his death it des- 
 cended to his son John Lord Brook. 
 
 At the present day it is possessed by a few Proprietors ; 
 the old Manor-house is in a dilapidated state, and occu- 
 pied as a Farm-house. 
 
 LofC. 
 
(100) 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 A. 
 
 Thames, the finest river in Great Britain, takes its 
 rise from a copious spring, called Thame-Head 2 miles 
 S.W. of Cirencester, Gloucestershire. 
 
 It has been erroneously stated that its name is Isis till 
 it arrives at Dorchester, 15 miles below Oxford, when 
 being joined by the Thame or Tame it assumes the name 
 of Thames. « 
 
 But Camden says that the river was always called 
 Thames, or Terns, before it came near the Thame; and 
 in several ancient Charters granted to the Abbey of 
 Malmesbuvy, as well as that of Ensham ; and in the 
 old Deeds relating to Cricklade it is never considered 
 under any other name than that of Thames. 
 
 All the Historians, who mention the incursions of 
 Ethelwold, and Canute, into Wiltshire, concur likewise 
 in the same opinion, by declaring that they passed over 
 the Thames at Cricklade, in Wiltshire. 
 
 B. 
 
 Radxot-bvidge is one of the oldest structures of its 
 kind over the Thames, and consists of 3 arches. In con- 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. 101 
 
 sequence of a cut completed in 1787, the stream which 
 now flows through them is deserted by traffic. 
 
 It was close by that a conflict took place in the days of 
 Kichard II., A.D. 1387, between Robert de Vere, Earl of 
 Oxford, and several of the nobility, who envied his high 
 favour with the Crown ; upon whom, amongst other 
 titles, had been conferred the title of Duke of Ireland. 
 
 In consequence of an insurrection of the Nobles, this 
 Earl fled beyond the sea, of whom Dugdale thus 
 writes: — 
 
 " But long it was not 'ere he landed in England again 
 with about four or five thousand men ; and being got 
 into Oxfordshire, came to Radcot Bridge upon the river 
 Isis, on the Feast day of S. Thomas the Apostle ; 
 which bridge Henry Earl of Derby had broken in three 
 places ; and fixed souldiers there, to stop his farther pas- 
 sage. The Duke therefore seeing himself in this des- 
 perate condition, and that the E. of Derby with his power, 
 was not far distant, displaid the King's banner, and 
 animated his men to fight ; advancing before them to 
 the Bridge : which being not passable, he allighted from 
 his Horse, and mounted another ; purposing to avoid his 
 Enemies by swimming the River : but, being invironed 
 by the Duke of Gloucester, on the one side, and the Earle 
 of Derby on the other side ; he threw away his Sword, 
 Gauntlets, and Armor, and leaping into the River, es- 
 caped them. In their pursuit of him, it is said, that 
 his Charriot was taken ; and in it the King's letters, ap- 
 pointing him to hast to London, with what strength he 
 had ; expressing that he would there be ready to live 
 and dye with him/ ; 
 
102 HISTOEY OF BT7KFOED. 
 
 " The Lords therefore being thus powerfull, caused the 
 King to summon a Parliament at Westminster. Which 
 being done ; and this Duke (amongst others) called, to 
 make answer to certain Articles of High Treason, then 
 and there exhibited, against him, by the Duke of Glou- 
 cester, and others ; not appearing, he was forthwith 
 banished ; and all his possessions confiscated, excepting 
 his entailed Lands ; which only were to his right Heirs. 
 
 Upon this banishment, being likewise attainted, Out- 
 lawed, and fled beyond-Sea, he was at length stricken by 
 a Wild-Boar, in Hunting ; and died of his hurts at 
 Lovaine, in anno 1392. (16 Rich. 2.) in great distress 
 and penury. About three years after which ; viz. in 
 November, ann. 1395. (19 "JR. 2.) the king having caused 
 his body to be brought over into England, made a 
 solemne funeral for him at Oolne in Essex ; being present 
 himself thereat with many of the Bishops ; but few of 
 the temporal Lords, their old hatred towards him being 
 not then abated/' Baronage, p. 195. 
 
 C. 
 
 Origin and derivation of Tolsey or Toll-booth. 
 
 Toll. Lat. Tolnetum, Thelonium. Grk. TcyoSwov. 
 
 Tolsey, n. A place at which tolls were set or assessed ; 
 a tollbooth or custom-house where toll is paid ; an ex- 
 change or place of receiving, the receipt of custom. 
 
 " He saw Matthew sitting at the receipt of custom." 
 
 Matt. ix. 9. 
 
 In the Saxon Charters Thol was the liberty of buying 
 and selling, or keeping a market in such a Manor. 
 
 In later times, it signified the customary dues or rent 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. 103 
 
 paid to a Lord of a Manor for his profits of the Fair or 
 Market, called the Tolling-pence. 
 
 Mon. Aug. torn. 2. p. 286. 
 Alexander Bishop of Lincoln gave to the Abbey of 
 Thame, — centum solidos de thelonio Bannebirice, i. e., 
 one hundred shillings yearly rent out of his toll in 
 Banbury. Mon. Ang. torn. 1. p. 525. 
 
 King Henry II. granted a privilege to the Tenants and 
 Traders within the Honor of Wallingford, — ut quieti 
 sint de thelonio, &c. R. Dods. M.S. vol. 114. f. 40. 
 
 Edmund Earl of Cornwall granted to the Rector and 
 Bonhommes of Asherugge and their Tenants, — ut in 
 omnibus burgis et villatis nostris et etiam in singulis 
 nundinis et mercatis nostris libere valeant emere et 
 vendere omnes mercandisas absque ullo theoloneto seu 
 stallagio nobis vel hceredibus nostris inde presentando. 
 
 Mon. Ang. torn. 3. p. 69. 
 
 Hence the Toll-booth or Tol-sey, or place where such 
 custom was paid. This Toll at public Fairs and Mar- 
 kets was paid at the sound of a Bell, as we have now a 
 market-bell, which possibly might give name to the 
 tolling of a bell, and to the proverb of tolVd in, or drawn 
 into a bargain. 
 
 In Derbyshire they say, Thole a while, that is, stay 
 a while. 
 
 Toll-booth, v.a. To imprison in a tollbooth. 
 
 "That they might tollbooth Oxford men." 
 
 Bp. Corbett. 
 
104 HISTORY OF I5UB/FORI). 
 
 D. 
 
 The yearly value of the Guild of our Lady in the 
 parish of Burford was £16 „ 10 „ 10. 
 
 The Brethren of the said Guild did at their own cost 
 and charge build the Chapel of our Lady annexed to the 
 Parish church merely out of their devotion, and did find 
 a Priest to minister there, and to teach children freely. 
 
 After that, at divers times certain men out of their de- 
 votions gave by Will and feoffment unto the said Guild 
 lands and tenements to find a Priest, and to help poor 
 people, and to mend the high-ways, and the common 
 bridges of the Town, and use it as it hath been always 
 used. 
 
 By Deed dated 11 March ]517 Thomas Pynnock con- 
 veyed to Kicharcl Hannes and others two Cottages lying 
 in the Coke-row in High Street to the intent that they 
 should suffer the Proctors of St. Thomas's Chapel in the 
 Church of Burford to receive the rents to the use of the 
 Service of God in the said Chapel and to the sustenta- 
 tion of the said Chapel. 
 
 This property was afterwards applied to the mainte- 
 nance of the Bridge and ways, and is called in the Charity 
 Commissioners' Report of 1827, 
 
 The Bridge Estate. 
 
 E. 
 
 The answer to the riddle, is of course, 
 A, B, I, N, D U N. 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. 105 
 
 F. 
 
 There is, I am told,, under the whitewash on this wall 
 somewhere above the Pulpit a painting of St. Christo- 
 pher. The parable of this Saint is as follows : — 
 
 He was of the land of Canaan, a giant of mighty 
 strength, and he made up his mind that he would serve 
 only the greatest and mightiest Sovereign. He went 
 therefore to the Court of a Monarch whom men called 
 the most powerful, and the Monarch received him most 
 gladly. One day came a Minstrel, and in his song was 
 frequent mention of the Evil One. And when the King 
 heard his name, he crossed himself. Christopher asked 
 him wherefore he did this, and the king replied, " It is 
 to save me from the power of Satan/' " Thou fearest 
 Satan/' said the giant, "he is greater then than thou art ; 
 him will I serve/' So he departed. He journed far 
 away and met a troop of armed men, and at their head 
 was a terrible being who asked him, "Whither goest 
 thou?" "I am seeking Satan/' answered Christopher. 
 " Behold, I am he," was the answer, and the giant served 
 a new master. Soon he found that Satan dared not pass 
 a cross by the wayside. He asked him, wherefore ? And 
 Satan answered, " I fear Christ Jesus who died on the 
 Cross." 
 
 So the giant found there was a greater Monarch still, 
 and he sought him far and wide. 
 
 At last he asked a holy Hermit, the Hermit answered, 
 " Duties many and hard will thy new master give thee, 
 if thou findest him; Thou must fast." "Nay," said 
 
106 HISTORY OF BURFOED. 
 
 Christopher, " by so doing I should lose my strength/' 
 " Thou must pray." " Of prayers/' answered Christopher, 
 " I know nothing." Then said the Hermit, " Fetch thy- 
 self a staff, and go to that river and save all who struggle 
 with the water." Then Christopher was content, and 
 went to fetch his staff for the service. Day and night he 
 was ready bearing the weak upon his shoulders and 
 guiding the strong with his hand, he never wearied, and 
 the Lord looked down from heaven and said, " Behold 
 the man hath found the way to serve me." 
 
 And it came to pass one night as Christopher was rest- 
 ing after his toil that he seemed to hear a voice call, 
 " Christopher carry me over," but he saw nothing. Once 
 more he heard the soft call of a child, " Christopher carry 
 me over tonight." And he went forth, and lo, a child 
 sat waiting on the river's bank. So the giant placed him 
 on his shoulder and set out. The wind blew, and the 
 waters rose higher and higher, and the child grew heavy 
 that the strong man's strength well nigh failed him. But 
 with his courageous heart and trusty staff he reached the 
 shore. 
 
 " Who art thou child ? Thou art heavy even as the 
 world might be." And the child answered, "Thy service 
 is accepted Christopher, plant thy staff and it shall bear 
 leaves and fruit." And then he vanished. But Christo- 
 pher knew that he had borne the Lord, and he fell on 
 his face, for he had learnt now to worship as well as 
 serve. 
 
APPENDIX. XOTES. 107 
 
 G. 
 
 Edmundus Harnianus, Armiger. qui D. Dens inu- 
 . meris beneficiis ab ineute setate presqutus est 
 Hoc Xpianse memorise monumentum sibi et agneti 
 Unicse et castissimae conjugi et 16 liberis deo bene 
 Dicete exilla susceptis posuit. 1569. 
 
 Nullus eram, et faciete Deo sum natus ut esse. 
 
 H-l 
 
 Jam nuc de proprio semine rursus ero. 
 Inque die magna quae nuc absupta putamus. 
 Corpora cernemus surgere tota Deo. 
 
 Yellite corde metu mea mebra, et credite vosmet 
 
 Cum Christo reditura Deo, nam vos gerit ille 
 
 Et secum revocat, morbos ridete minaces, 
 
 Inflictos casus contenite, et atra sepulchra 
 
 Despicite. Exurgens quo Christus provoeat, ite. 
 
 i— i 
 Christus erit cunctis regnu, lux, vita, corona. 
 
 The arms above are— 
 
 1st. Three curricombs. 
 
 2nd. On a bend between two fleurs de lis, three martlets. 
 
 3rd. A chevron ingrailed between three owls. 
 
 4th. A fess dancy between six cross-crosslets. 
 
 The Crest : — A lion's paw holding a poleaxe. 
 Under the inscription are images of his nine sons and 
 seven daughters, all kneeling. 
 
 H. 
 
 TANFIELVS MONUMENT. 
 On the ground, a skeleton personating Death. 
 Over it a table of black marble, supported by small 
 pillars of the same, upon it a man on his back in Judge's 
 
108 HISTOEY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 robes with a collar of Esses ; and his wife also upon her 
 back. 
 
 All arched over, the arch being supported by six pillars 
 of black marble, and four square ones at the corners ; at 
 the head, a young woman in a gowne, with a cloak on, 
 and a collar of Esses, kneeling, with hands erect ; under 
 her a table of black marble and upon it this inscription : — 
 Not this small hcape of stones & straightnd Roome, 
 The Benche, the Court e, Tribunall, are his Tombe, 
 This but his dust, but these his name interre, 
 And these indeed now but a sepulcher, 
 Whose meritts only raised him, and made good 
 His standing there, where few so long have stood, 
 Pitty Ins memory ingaged should stand 
 Unto a private church, not to the land. 
 
 On the south side this : — 
 
 Here lyeth interr'd Sir Laurence Tanfield, Kt: sometime 
 one of y e Justices of his Maj ties Bench, & late Lo: Cheife 
 Baron of y e Excheq:, who continued those places of 
 Judicature 20 yeares, wher e in hee survived all the 
 Judges in every Bench at Westminster. 
 He left behinde him one onely daught r . and heire, who 
 married w th Henry, Lord Yiscount Falkland, Lo: Deputy 
 Generall of Ireland • hee deceased y e 30 of Aprill An<>. 1.625. 
 His noble & vertuous lady to y e memory of her most 
 honour' d husband hath erected this monument of his 
 vertues and her sorrowes. 
 
 At the feet of the two effigies their Crests, viz. : — 
 
 1. On a wreath, ar. and sa. a maid from the middle, ar. crined, or. 
 a wreath of roses round her head, gu. and a necklace, gu. 
 
 2. On a wreath, ar. andsa. a swan proper. 
 
 Between these Crests, a man in' military costume 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. 109 
 
 with hands erect, kneeling; and under him the fol- 
 lowing : — 
 
 Paucam des operam sibi viator, 
 
 Non ignobile, te rogat sepulchrum, 
 
 Olim inter monumenta sanctiora & 
 
 Nepoti critico labor futurus. 
 
 His nempe in spatiis sitns quiescit 
 
 Angli prsecipuus fori togaeq : 
 
 Juris gloria, judicumq : faina 
 
 Prudens causiclicus, pius senator 
 
 Quo nemo scelus imbrobe redemit. 
 
 Leni judice, factus baud rninori 
 
 Insons crhnine quam fuit scelest'. 
 
 Qui nullo pretio malus, nee unquara 
 
 Yectigal sibi fecerat tribunal 
 
 Puris divitiis honor e casto 
 
 Atq : amplissirnus unus innocenter, 
 
 Nee vitse minor artib', domusq : 
 
 Attentissim 5 , & probe severus 
 
 Et rerum bene diligens suarum, 
 
 Parens providus, optim 5 maritus 
 
 Cunctis officiis nimis probatus, 
 
 Dicam nornen, & hsec minora dixi 
 
 Tanfeildus Baro ; jam tibi scienti 
 
 Narro cuncta sup r nuus, tibi ipse 
 Absolves Epitapbium Yiator. 
 
 On the north side this ; — 
 
 Here shadowe He, So shall I be, 
 
 Whilst life is sadd, With him I loved : 
 
 Still hopes to die, And hee with mee, 
 
 To him she hadd, And both us blessed. 
 
 In blisse is hee, Love made me Poet, 
 
 Whom I lov'd best : And this I writt : 
 
 Thrise happy shee My harte did doe yt, 
 
 With him to rest. And not my witt. 
 
 The Canopy represents the firmament, being profusely 
 studded with Cherubs' faces and stars. 
 
110 HISTOKY OF BUEFOED. 
 
 At the top over all, at the corners : — 
 
 Tanfield Arms, ar. 2 chevrons bet. three martlets sa. qu. ar. 
 a chevron sa. between three griffins heads rased gu. 
 The Crest as the first of the former. 
 Tanfield imp. B. three trefoils slipped or. 
 
 About the monument several quotations from Scrip- 
 ture. 
 
 Note. — The following are copies of Entries in the Burgesses' Ac- 
 count-book commencing with the year 1663 : — 
 
 " Dec r . 25 : 1703. Y e Lady Tanfields mony disposed by 
 John Haynes, Will Boules, Bailiffs. 
 Pd. John Bobbins for keeping the Tombe £1 „ „ 0. 
 The Tombe being damaged by the huricane there 
 was noe mony for the Widdows this yeare." 
 
 " The year 1707. The Widdows had not any of the 
 Lady Tanfields mony by reason the top of the 
 Steeple was blown down and fell upon the He 
 and damnified the Tombe." 
 
 According to Lady Tanfield' s Will, dated June, 1629, she left 
 money to be paid half yearly to six poor widows, which sums of 
 money were applied in the years 1703 and 1707 'to repairing the 
 tomb. 
 
 I. 
 
 Domesday -Booh. When King Alfred divided his 
 kingdom into Counties, Hundreds, and Tithings, he had 
 an Inquisition taken of the several districts and digested 
 into a Eegister called Dom-boc, i. e., the judicial or 
 judgment book, reposited in the church of Winchester, 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. Ill 
 
 and thence entitled Codex Wintoniensis, to which King- 
 Edward, Sen. seems to refer in the first chapter of his 
 laws. 
 
 The general survey taken by King William the Con- 
 queror was after the precedent of King Alfred, and 
 seems but a corruption of, or rather an addition to, the 
 same name, Dom-boc into Domesday-book. And there- 
 fore a trifling derivation to impute the name to Domus 
 Dei, as if so called from the Church wherein it was first 
 reposited. Nor is it any wiser conjecture to ascribe it to 
 Doomsday or the final day of judgment. When the 
 appellation does really imply no more than the Doom- 
 book, or Register from which sentence and judgment 
 might be given in the tenure of estates : whence by Latin 
 writers commonly called Liber Judicialis. 
 
 K. 
 
 A Hide was about 100 acres of land, but seems to have 
 been never precisely determined. Some suppose it to 
 have been the old Saxon measure, here reduced to the 
 new measure of Carucates. 
 
 The Carucate was as much arable land as could be 
 managed with one plough and the beasts belonging to it 
 in a year. It also was a variable measure, varying at 
 different times and places from about 60 to rather less 
 than 200 acres. 
 
 In the Domesday-book it is said in Leicestershire that 
 14 Carucates and a half make a Hide ; in Lancashire 
 that 6 Carucates make a Hide. 
 
112 HISTORY OF BTJRFORD. 
 
 Bondmen, perhaps household bondmen, as distinct 
 from the Villanes who were the agricultural bondmen, 
 and had lands and houses assigned to them. 
 
 The Bordars were Cottagers, from the Anglo-Saxon 
 Bord a cottage. They are supposed to have been in not 
 so servile a condition as the others. 
 
 L. 
 
 The following account is extracted from the Gentle- 
 man's Magazine of August, 1799 : — 
 
 " In a handsome room upstairs are many pictures. At 
 the end hangs one of Speaker Lenthall in his robes, 
 seated in a chair, his lady sitting by him. On his right 
 hand stand two sons, the eldest a youth, the other in 
 petticoats, a feather in his cap. Behind stand two 
 daughters, one of which is particularly handsome, and in 
 front is another daughter. On the right-hand side of the 
 room hangs the famous picture of the Chancellor Sir 
 Thomas More, and his family. The first figure is Sir 
 John More, his father, in a red gown, seated. On his left 
 is Sir Thomas, in a black gown, his collar on, also seated. 
 On his left stands his son, in black, reading ; and behind 
 the two first stands a lady, who was a Ward of the Chan- 
 cellor, and married to his son. To the left of the son, in 
 front, are the three daughters of Sir Thomas, Margaret, 
 Cecilia, and Elizabeth ; the two former are sitting, in 
 conversation, the latter stands behind them. On their 
 left are some relations of the family ; an elderly man and 
 his wife, seated ; behind them stand two sons, Christopher 
 and Thomas More, the former a man about 30, the latter" 
 
APPENDIX. NOTES. 113 
 
 "a youth about 18; all dressed in black, and each figure 
 has a book in hand. Over the last group is represented 
 a picture of a lady, the wife of Sir John. Over several 
 of the heads are Coats of Arms with the Wife's arms 
 empaled. Qu, Whether the last group are not the 
 family seated at Loxeley, near Guildford in Surrey? 
 Near this hangs a picture of the great Duke of Tuscany, 
 and Machiavel, his Secretary, writing, and taking instruc- 
 tions from the Duke. There are several portraits : Oliver 
 Cromwell (behind the door) ; Sir Kenelm Digby ; the 
 Earl of Pembroke, with his staff as Lord Chamberlain ; 
 the Earl of Holland ; two of King Charles the First ; 
 Gondemar, the Spanish Ambassador (over the door) ; 
 and several other Noblemen/' 
 
 The staircase leading to this room, the Author has been 
 informed was hung with portraits of the Tanfield and 
 Falkland families, and their friends. 
 
 M. 
 
 Over this entrance are two human figures of stone, 
 before alluded to, between which are the Speaker Len- 
 ihalVs arms of six quarterings, viz. :— 
 
 1. Lenthall. 
 
 2. Brandon. 
 
 3. Pipards. 
 4>. Badby. 
 
 5. Willie. 
 
 6. Southwell. 
 
 Above the Shield is his Crest. 
 
114 HISTORY OF BTJE3TOKD. 
 
 These arms were in the centre of the South-wing, 
 which was built by the Speaker, until about the year 
 1808, when they were taken down and placed where 
 they now are. 
 
 Another Shield, containing the same Arms, is on the 
 chimney-piece in the large Drawing-room upstairs. 
 
 *** Upton and Signet, hamlets in Bur ford parish, and 
 population included therein, half a mile distant W. 
 
 The Burford and Fulbrook Magazine was started 
 Sept. 1861. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 CHELTENHAM; 
 
 R. EDWARDS, PRINTER AND BINDER. 396, HIGH STREET. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of St. Alhans and Earl of Burford. 6 Copies. 
 The Right Hon. Lord Sherborne. 2 Copies. 
 The Lady Harriet Durdop. 
 
 Akerman, Mr. Burford. 
 
 Ansell, Miss do. 
 
 Ansell, Miss A do. 
 
 Ansell, Miss M do. 
 
 Ansell, W. M., Esq do.. 
 
 Arthurs, Mrs do. 
 
 Babbage, Mr Sherborne. 
 
 Banbury, Mr Burford 3 Copies. 
 
 Batt, A., Esq Witney. 
 
 Baylis, Mr. W Eulbrook 2 Copies. 
 
 Baylis, Miss S Little Barrington. 
 
 Bennett, Mrs Westcote, 3 Copies. 
 
 Bonus, Rev. E Tring. 
 
 Bosanquet, S. Esq . Dingestow Court, near Monmouth. 
 
 Bryan, Mr Burford. 
 
 Bullen. R, H., Esq , . Witney. 
 
 Burgess, Rev. J. H.. ..... . Burford Vicarage 8 Copies. 
 
 Capel, W., Esq The Grove, Stroud 4 Copies. 
 
 Carter, Rev. W. E. D Shipton. 
 
 Carter, Mr Burford. 
 
 Cheatle, T., Esq do 6 Copies. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Cooke, W. R., Esq Burford , 4 Copies. 
 
 Cooke, Mrs do. 2 Copies. 
 
 Cooper, $ev. E. P . . Little Dalby Rectory 8 Copies. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. C. H Wantage. 
 
 Croome, Miss Bradstone, near Berkeley. 
 
 Davis, Mrs Burford. 
 
 Ehvell, Rev. A Windrush. 
 
 Erie, Rev. R. Minster-Lovell 4 Copies. 
 
 Eaulkner, C. E. Allen, Esq.. . Berry -Barns, Burford . . . » 4 Copies. 
 
 Earmbrough, W., Esq Castle-Street, Aylesbury. 
 
 Earmbrough, Mrs Bierton-House, near Aylesbury. 
 
 Earmbrough, Miss L do do. 
 
 Earmbrough, Rev. J. C Spernall Rectory, near Bromsgrove. 
 
 Eieldhouse, Mrs Sherborne. 
 
 Eisher, Rev. W Westwell Rectory. 
 
 Eisher, Mrs Wonastow Court, near Monmouth. 
 
 Eisher, T. M., Esq -do. do. 
 
 Eisher, R. W., Esq The Brooms, Ragland. 
 
 Eoreshew, Mrs Rock Earm, near Burford. 
 
 Eoster, Mr Burford. 
 
 Gardner, T., Esq London. 
 
 George, Mrs The Tump, near Monmouth. 
 
 Gibbs, Mr Bourton-on-the-Hill. 
 
 Goddard, Rev. D. TV Holwell Parsonage. 
 
 Goddard, Miss Speenhamland, Newbury. 
 
 Goodlake, Rev. T. W Broughton Poggs Parsonage. 
 
 Guest, Mr Burford. 
 
 Hall, Mr. T do. 
 
 Hall, Mrs. T do. 
 
 Hambidge, Mr. do. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Hammond, Mr Northleach. 
 
 Hartley, Mrs, Burford. 
 
 Hayward, Mrs. H. * do. 
 
 Hemming. Mr. W., Jun do. 
 
 Hemmings, Mr. B do. 
 
 Hervey, W., Esq Broadwell Grove, nr. Burford. 2 Copies. 
 
 Hollowell, Mr. J Burford 
 
 Hollowell, Mr, P. do, 
 
 Howes, Mr do. 
 
 Hulbert, Mrs Kencott, near Burford. 
 
 Hunt, Mrs « Burford. 
 
 Hunt, Mr. J. H do. 
 
 Jackson, Rev. R Wonastow Rectory, near Monmouth. 
 
 Jennings, Mr. G Burford 2 Copies. 
 
 Joyce Miss ...... Denham, Suffolk. 
 
 Kempster, Mrs Upton, near Burford. 
 
 Kimber, J. W., Esq Shipton, near do. 
 
 King, Miss Burford. 
 
 Lane, Mr. W "Wtndrush, near Burford. 
 
 Laan, Mrs Broadwell Grove, near Burford. 
 
 Layton, Rev. G. D. T Swinbrook Rectory 6 Copies. 
 
 Lenthall, J. K., Esq Bessels Leigh, Berks. 
 
 Lewin, Miss Southend, Kent. 
 
 Mason, Mr Windrush 2 Copies. 
 
 Mathews, Mr. J Burford. 
 
 Mayou, J., Esq Monmouth. 
 
 Mays, Miss Burford. 
 
 Meredith, Mr Abergavenny 2 Copies, 
 
 Mills, J., Esq Westwell 2 Copies. 
 
 Minchin, Mr , Burford. 
 
 Morris, Mr. T Witney. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Nash, Mrs Eulbrook. 
 
 Nunney, Mr. W Burford. 
 
 Oakley, T. W., Esq Lydart, near Monmoutli. 
 
 Packer, Mr, Burford. 
 
 • Palmer, Mr do. 
 
 Pinnell, John, Esq West well 
 
 Pinnell, Joseph, Esq do. 
 
 Pinnell, Miss Holwell. 
 
 Porter, Mr Burford. 
 
 Powell, Mr. W Bristol 2 Copies. 
 
 Pratley, Mrs , Burford. 
 
 Price, J. S., Esq do 4 Copies. 
 
 Radburne, Mr. A do. 
 
 Ravenor, — , Esq Witney. 
 
 Read, W., Esq Taynton, near Burford. 
 
 Reade, Rev. C Mag: Coll:, Oxford. 
 
 ReiUy, Mr. 0' Burford. 
 
 Richards, Miss do. 
 
 Rose, Mr. D Holwell 2 Copies. 
 
 Seeker, Mr. J Burford. 
 
 Seeker, Mr. H do 2 Copies. 
 
 Shepherd, Mr do. 
 
 Spencer, H., Esq Easenhall Hall, nr, Rugby, 2 Copies. 
 
 Sperrink, Mr. : Burford. 
 
 Street, Mr do. 
 
 Street, Mrs do. 
 
 Stockdale, Rev. W Milton-under-Wychwood. 
 
 Sylvester, Mr. J Eulbrook. 
 
 Sylvester, Mr. P Burford. 
 
 Sylvester, Mr Oxford 3 Copies. 
 
 Sylvester, R,ev. E. T Shepton Mallet, Somersetshire. 
 
LIST Of SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Taylor, — , Esq. 
 
 Waterloo, near Bnrford. 
 
 
 Titcomb, Mr. G. . . 
 
 . . Bnrford, 
 
 
 
 Titcomb, Mr. J. . .. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Todd, Rev. E. J. . . 
 
 Windrnsh. 
 
 
 
 Townsend, Mrs. 
 
 . Westhall Hill 
 
 
 
 TJnwin, Miss 
 
 Burford. 
 
 
 
 Walker, W. 3 Esq. . . 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Waller, W, Esq. . . . 
 
 
 
 5 Copies 
 
 Waller, Mrs. . . . 
 
 do 
 
 • « > « i ■ 
 
 2 Copies 
 
 Walter, Mr 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Ward, W. H., Esq. . . 
 
 do 
 
 
 2 Copies 
 
 Ward, W. S., Esq. . . 
 
 Cheltenham. 
 
 
 
 Watson, Mr 
 
 London. 
 
 
 
 Welbnrn, Rev. E. B. . 
 
 Alvescott, near Bnrford. 
 
 
 Westrope, Mr 
 
 Bnrford. 
 
 
 . 
 
 Westwood, R., Esq. 
 
 London. 
 
 
 
 Wiggins, Mr. G. . . . 
 
 Bnrford. 
 
 
 
 Wiggins, Mr. Jos. . . 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Wiggins, Mr. J. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Wiggins, Mr. W. S.. . 
 
 . . do. 
 
 
 
 Wilkinson, Miss 
 
 . Witney. 
 
 
 
 Willes, Miss 
 
 Bnrford 
 
 
 2 Copies. 
 
 Williams, Mr 
 
 . 393, High-st., 
 
 Cheltenham. 
 
 6 Copies. 
 
 Willis, Mr. T. .. .. 
 
 . . Enlbrook. 
 
 
 
 Woods, A. W., Esq... 
 
 . Heralds' Coll:, 
 
 London. 
 
 
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