* c 
 
 
 ^^^*' 
 
 
 e>^^^. 
 
 
 
, ^^ •% 
 
 
 

 ** 
 

J. DEVLIN. R. C. OGDEN. 
 
 DEVLIN & COMPANY. 
 
 
 BROADWAY, CORNER GRAND STREET, 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 The above cut represents our " up-town store," in which we carry on 
 
 Every Branch of the Clothing Business, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 READY-MADE CLOTHIN& FOR MEN AND BOYS, 
 
 AT 
 
 Wholesale and Betail, 
 
 CUSTOM ¥OKK OR OLOTHINa TO OEDEE 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Gentlemen' H FtirnisJiinr/ floods of aJI Kinds 
 
 Jleady-mnde, and American Yoke 
 
 Shirts Made to Order* 
 
PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL 
 
 HOW TO SEE THEM 
 
 A COMPLETE POCKET GUIDE 
 
 FOR RESIDENTS AND STRANGERS DURING 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 
 
 fe....... r^-: 
 
 NEW YORK 
 PUBLISHED BY HURD AND HOUGHTON 
 
 1876 
 
.5 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Like the other little guide-hooks in this series, " New York City " 
 and " Washington,"' this is intended to be a compact arrangement of 
 facts for residents of Philadelphia and visitors during the Centennial 
 period. More than this it does not pretend to be, but the attempt to 
 produce a complete liandbook, in the most portable shape, for the 
 pocket or the satchel, it is believed has been reasonably accomplished 
 in the work here presented. Accuracy of statement, simplicity of 
 direction, with a reasonable attention to detail, and not elaborate de- 
 scription, have been the purposes of the plan. 
 
 Profuse illustration has been avoided, the space being considered 
 more valuable for letter-press. 
 
 Copyright, 1876, by 
 IIuRD AND Houghton. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Academy op Fine Arts . 
 Academy of Natural Sciences 
 American Philosophical So- 
 ciety .... 
 Amusements . . . . 
 Apprentices' Library 
 Arch Street .... 
 Arsenal .... 
 Art 
 
 ATHENj3EUM .... 
 
 Baptist Churches 
 Benevolent Institutions . 
 Blind Asylum 
 Blockley Alms-house 
 
 Bridges 
 
 Broad Street 
 Carpenters' Hall . 
 Cathedral Cemetery . 
 Cathedral of St. Peter and 
 
 St. Paul .... 
 Cemeteries . . . . 
 Chestnut Street 
 Christ Church 
 City Railroads . 
 Congregational Churches . 
 Eastern Penitentiary 
 Educational Institutions 
 Evangelical Association 
 
 Churches . . . . 
 Fairmount Park . 
 Foreign Consuls . 
 Franklin Institute . 
 French Protestant Church 
 Friends- Meeting-houses 
 Friends' Meeting-houses 
 
 (Orthodox) 
 GiRARD College 
 Hack Fares 
 
 Haseltine"s Art Gallery . 
 Hebrew Synagogues . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Historic Buildings . . 42 
 Historical Society of Penn- 
 
 SYLVANIA . 
 
 49,51 
 
 Homes .... 
 
 60 
 
 Horticultural Society . 
 
 . 50 
 
 Hospitals . 
 
 60 
 
 Hotels and Lodgings 
 
 . 62 
 
 House of Correction . 
 
 59 
 
 House of Refuge . 
 
 . 59 
 
 Independence Hall . 
 
 43 
 
 International Exhibition 
 
 . 10 
 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery 
 
 32 
 
 Leading Churches 
 
 . 53 
 
 Libraries . 
 
 52 
 
 London Coffee House . 
 
 . 44 
 
 Lutheran Churches . 
 
 54 
 
 Market Houses 
 
 . 61 
 
 Market Street . 
 
 39 
 
 Mercantile Library 
 
 . 52 
 
 Methodist Epis. Churches 
 
 54 
 
 Monument Cemetery 
 
 . 33 
 
 Moravian Churches . 
 
 54 
 
 Moyamensing Prison . 
 
 . 58 
 
 Naval Asylum . 
 
 50 
 
 Navy Yard 
 
 . 62 
 
 Penal and Reformatory ] 
 
 N- 
 
 stitutions . 
 
 . 58 
 
 Penn Treaty Monument 
 
 45 
 
 Penn's Cottage 
 
 . 44 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital 
 
 47 
 
 Philadelphia, City of . 
 
 . 7 
 
 Philadelphia Library 
 
 62 
 
 Presbyterian Churches 
 
 . 55 
 
 Prominent Buildings 
 
 36 
 
 Protestant Epis. Churche. 
 
 , . 55 
 
 Public Schools . 
 
 56 
 
 Railroad Depots . 
 
 . 69 
 
 Reformed Churches .. 
 
 55 
 
 Reformed Epis. Churches 
 
 . 55 
 
 Ridgway Library 
 
 . 52 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Roman Catholic Churches . 
 St. Joseph's Church . 
 St. Peter's Church 
 School of Design for Women 
 
 Streets and Parks . 
 Swedenborgian Church 
 
 Swedes" Church . ■ . 
 Unitarian Churches 
 Universalist Churches 
 University of Pennsylvania 
 Walnut Street 
 West Laurel Hill Cemetery 
 Woodlands Cemetery . 
 
 PAGE 
 43 
 
 . 56 
 56 
 45 
 
 33 
 
 CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 Agricultural Building . 
 
 Amusements 
 
 Art Gallery .... 
 
 British Building 
 
 Buildings .... 
 
 Buildings, General Descrip- 
 tion of .... 
 
 Buildings in Detail . 
 
 Catalogue .... 
 
 Communications from Phila- 
 delphia .... 
 
 Direct Communications 
 
 Entrances .... 
 
 Finances .... 
 
 24 
 
 Grounds .... 
 
 . 12 
 
 29 
 
 Horticultural Building 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 Judges' Building . 
 
 . 27 
 
 28 
 
 Machinery Hall 
 
 21 
 
 16 
 
 Main Building 
 
 . 17 
 
 
 Origin .... 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 Organization . 
 
 . 10 
 
 17 
 
 Refreshments . 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 State Buildings . 
 
 . 28 
 
 
 Terms of Admission . 
 
 28 
 
 15 
 
 United States Building 
 
 . 26 
 
 14 
 
 When open . 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 Women's Department . 
 
 . 26 
 
 12 
 
 
 
EVLiN AND Company, 
 
 LEADING CLOTHIERS, 
 
 Idway, cor. G-rand St Broadway, cor. "Warren St, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 gev^person can purchase Clothing in New York with proper intel 
 
 inteje before examining our Stock and Prices, for the following 
 
 tionis : — 
 
 alm^Ve make the choicest stock manufactured in New York City. 
 
 fasl^Yg make every garment for retail trade. 
 
 '^^^lEvery garment bears upon it a printed statement of material, and 
 
 °^.Vanty of workmanship. 
 
 JlVe are constantly introducing new specialties in cut and fabric. 
 
 gus(Our prices are uniform and at the lowest market rate. 
 
 to orhe market is deluged with inferior goods, the remains of whole- 
 
 the tocks, which are offered at retail ; and it is only by comparison 
 
 Tjrell-made goods that the inferiority appears to the inexperienced 
 
 peri"- 
 
 well ■ 
 
 *'^^* CLOTHING TO ORDER. 
 
 ™^®^oth of our stores (addresses below) we do a fine Custom Order 
 *^^^ss, and can supply garments of every grade, style, and quality. 
 alw| 
 
 peoi 
 
 the J 
 G^ SPECIAL CUSTOM BUSINESS. 
 
 **"*\ading feature of the business of our store at the corner of 
 canii 
 
 *'"® 1 Broadway and Warren Street 
 
 ably 
 
 *^®^ ! making of Business Suits to Order, at very low rates, namely,— 
 
 the ^ 
 
 lead $25.00 to $40.00 per Suit. 
 
 fanq 
 
 froneep a large stock of goods designed for this kind of trade. 
 
 and • 
 
 Ifl DEVLIN & CO. 
 
 ^^odADING CUSTOM CLOTHIERS. 
 •"^ Iroadway and Grand St.. ■ Broadway and Warren St. 
 Hew! NEW YORK. 
 
THE CLOTHING HOUSE 
 
 OP 
 
 DEVLIN AND COMPANY. 
 
 To the stranger visiting New York, the representative houses in the 
 several leading branches of business cannot fail to be objects of great 
 interest, and it would take a large volume to detail them all. Atten- 
 tion, however, is directed to the distinguished firm named above, as to 
 almost every man visiting the metropolis a knowledge of the most 
 fashionable and Reliable clothing and merchant tailoring house is a 
 necessity. This firm has had an honorable career in New York of 
 nearly forty years, and during the greater part of that period has been 
 decidedly the leading house in the trade. The entire range of mens 
 and boys' clothing, from moderate priced ready made goods to the finest 
 custom garments, gentlemen's furnishing goods, shirts ready made or 
 to order ; and house garments, for which they are the first house in 
 the country, are within the scope of the business. 
 
 The success of this firm is due to the highly artistic style, and the 
 perfect honesty of material and workmanship in all its products, as 
 well as to the perfect soundness of the business principles upon which 
 its transactions are conducted. 
 
 Always one price to all buyers ; a plain statement of the material 
 used placed upon every garment ; moderation of prices, which are 
 always at or below the market rate, — are cardinal points that may 
 always be depended upon by their patrons, and it is the large class of 
 people that have proved these to be facts by personal test that creates 
 the grand constituency which makes such a business possible. 
 
 Gentlemen in New York during or after the centennial period re- 
 quiring garments of any kind, either ready made or made to order, 
 cannot do better than to examine the stock of Devlin & Co. They 
 are prepared with everything in the clothing line which may reason- 
 ably be asked for, either in quality, color, size, or style, and, for par- 
 ties desiring garments to order, their stock of piece goods, embracing 
 the styles and novelties in woolen fabrics for men's weUr from the 
 leading markets of the world, will suit the most fastidious. American 
 fancy goods — fast supplanting many foreign fabrics — with novelties 
 from London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna ; cloths from England, France, 
 and the Rhine provinces of Prussia ; worsted suitings from Roubaix, 
 Yorkshire, and the west of England, — all these and many other goods 
 of kindred nature are on the counters of their Custom Department, 
 which always contains the most complete stock in the country. These 
 goods are cut by the most skillful cutters, made by the best workmen, 
 •nd thus facilities are offered for securing the best kinds of garments. 
 
 New York leads the world in fine tailoring, and Devlin & Co. lead 
 Hew York. 
 
 Devlin and Company, 
 
 LEADING CLOTHIERS, 
 
 Broadway, cor. Grand St Broadway, cor. Warren St. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 No person can purchase Clothing in New York with proper Intel 
 ligence before examining our Stock and Prices, for the following 
 
 1. We make the choicest stock manufactured in New York City. 
 
 2. We make every garment for retail trade. 
 
 3. Every garment bears upon it a printed statement of material, and 
 a guaranty of workmanship. 
 
 4. We are constantly introducing new specialties in cut and fabric. 
 . 5. Our prices are uniform and at the lowest market rate. 
 
 6. The market is deluged with inferior goods, the remains of whole- 
 sale stocks, which are offered at retail ; and it is only by comparison 
 with well-made goods that the inferiority appears to the inexperienced 
 buyer. 
 
 CLOTHING TO ORDER. 
 
 At both of our stores (addresses below) we do a fine Custom Order 
 business, and can supply garments of every grade, style, and quality. 
 
 SPECIAL CUSTOM BUSINESS. 
 
 A leading feature of the business of our store at the corner of 
 
 Broadway and 'Warren Street 
 
 Is the making of Business Suits to Order, at very low rates, namely,— 
 
 $25.00 to $40.00 per Suit. 
 We keep a large stock of goods designed for this kind of trade. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO. 
 
 LEADING CUSTOM CLOTHIERS. 
 
 Broadway and Grand St.. • -Broadway and Warren St. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
1. 
 
 Penr 
 
 2. 
 
 Philf 
 
 - 3. 
 
 Philj 
 
 4. 
 
 Nort 
 
 5. 
 
 Kenf 
 
 6. 
 
 Marl 
 
 
 bo 
 
 7. 
 
 Phili 
 
 CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 
 
 A Memorial Hall, Art Building. 
 
 B Main Building. 
 
 C Machinery Hall. 
 
 D Horticultural Hall. 
 
 E Agricultural Hall. 
 
 F United States Building. 
 
THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Thk chief city of Pennsylvania and the second city of the 
 United States, is situated upon the Delaware River, 96 miles 
 from the Atlantic Ocean, 85 miles southwest from New York, 
 and 125 miles northeast from Washington. 
 
 The Schuylkill River, which empties into the Delaware about 
 three miles south of the city, was the original western boundary; 
 but in 1854, when the limits of the city were made co-equal 
 with the county of the same name, what was then West Phil- 
 adelphia, and the adjacent districts both north and south of the 
 city, which up to that time had been under the jurisdiction of 
 distinct municipalities, became a part of the corporation of 
 Philadelphia. This was a measure demanded by public safety, 
 economy, and identity of interests, as the several districts im- 
 mediately contiguous had grown to be compact portions of the 
 city itself, and the adjacent towns and villages were destined, as 
 has been to a great degree already realized, to be absorbed in 
 the rapid growth of the city to the north, south, and west. The 
 area of the cit\^ as now enlarged is 82,603 acres, or a little more 
 than 129 square miles, about one half of which is still farm 
 land. It varies in width westward from the Delaware from 
 tive to ten miles, and its greatest length from northeast to 
 southwest is twenty-two miles. The densel}^ built portion of 
 the city includes about fifteen square miles, mostly between the 
 Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, while the suburban localities, 
 as Frankford and Manayunk on the north, are noted as manu- 
 facturing neighborhoods, and Germantown and Chestnut Hill, 
 also on the north, and West Philadelphia, for their fine resi- 
 dences. 
 
 The city was founded in 1681 by William Penn, a large grant 
 
MAP OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 1. r.inii»vlviiiil.i U. U. Dppol. 
 
 2. Plill.'t>lt'l|>lM:i ,\m[ Ucuilllig It. It. Dppot. 
 
 8. riiil.ulol|ihi:i. Ci'iniiiutown, aud Novriatowu R. R. Dopot. 
 
 4. Nordi lVnii>vlv;iiim U. K. Depot. 
 
 5. Konslii,;!...! ivpot. 
 
 I). Miiikil Slivi't I iTiT, nnd Popot of Onnidon and Am- 
 liin ; llit;lil<lowii;and\Vost Jorsoy Riiilroadg. 
 
 7. lMiilail<-li.lii;i, \\ ilminnton, Mid Unltiinoro R. R. Depot. 
 
 8. WoHt ('luvsltM- It. U. nopot. 
 
 9. Indcpeudcuce Hall. 
 
 10. Carpiuiter's Mall. 
 
 11. Old Masonic Building. 
 
 12. Pennsylvania Hospital. 
 
 13. New Masonic Building. 
 
 14. Girard College. 
 
 15. New Public Building. 
 
 16. Christ Church Hospital. 
 
 17. Cathedral Cemetery. 
 
 CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 
 
 A Memorial Hall, Art Building. 
 
 B Main Building. 
 
 C Machinery Hall. 
 
 D Horticultural Hall. 
 
 E Agricultural Hall. 
 
 F United States Building. 
 
8 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA 
 
 of land having been made to him by Charles II. There were 
 at this time a few Swedish settlers upon the lands assigned to 
 Penn, who appear to have retained their possessions without 
 molestation. The colony was prosperous from the outset, twen- 
 t3^-three ships arriving in 1682, and in the two following 3^ears 
 large numbers of emigrants, mostly Friends, arrived from Hol- 
 land and Germany, England and Wales. During the \'ears 
 1682 and 1683, three hundred and fiftN-'-seven houses were built. 
 In 1684: the population was twenty-live hundred, and in the 
 same year the first local government was organized. In 1701 
 Penn presented Philadelphia with a cit}^ charter. A court- 
 liouse was completed in 1707. The city was very prosperous 
 and exceeded in importance all others in the country, until 
 about thirty j^ears after the declaration of independence. Phil- 
 adelphia was the theatre of many important events of the Rev- 
 olutionary period. The first Continental Congress held its ses- 
 sions in Carpenter's Hall (still standing) in September and 
 October, 1774. The second met in the State House in May, 1775, 
 and on the 4th of July, 1776, adopted the declaration of inde- 
 pendence. The British troops held the city from September, 
 1777, to June, 1778, and the battle of Germantown was fought 
 within the present city limits on October 4, 1777. Philadelphia 
 was the capital of the State until 1799, and was the seat of the 
 Federal Government from 1790 until 1800. As a commercial 
 city, Philadelphia maintained its supremacy until a short period 
 subsequent to the war of 1812, but after an unfortunate finan- 
 cial experience consequent upon that war, it ceased to be the 
 leading port. It had also been the financial centre of the 
 country until the failure of the United States Bank — capital 
 $35,000,000 — in 1839. After 1844 a period of prosperity began, 
 from the development of great manufacturing interests, and 
 has continued with steady growth until the present time. 
 Philadelphia now stands prominently before the United States 
 and the world, as the place of holding the International Exhibi- 
 tion, which is intended as a centennial celebiation of the inde- 
 pendence of the United States of America, an honor which, 
 from patriotic association as well as historic justice, belongs to 
 her, and which is conceded to be her right by the nation at large. 
 The city government, the government of the State of Pennsj^l- 
 vania, and the citizens of Philadelphia in individual and asso- 
 ciate capacity, have displayed great nerve and energy in the 
 preparations for the Exhibition, and have honorably led the 
 
CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. 9 
 
 country in the laudable endeavor to make the event worthy the 
 occasion. 
 
 The details of the city and all its points of interest are appro- 
 priately classified in proper order, but a few general facts are ap- 
 pended here to give an idea of the special features of superiority 
 which Philadelphia may justly claim. 
 
 The increase in population is shown by the following figures. 
 1778, 21,767; 1800, 41,220; 1850, 121,7;3G. Subsequently the 
 limits of the city were made equal with the county and the 
 population was, 1860, 565,529, and 1870, 674,022. In 1874 the 
 imports were $26,447,037 and exports $33,121,337. Easy ac- 
 cess to the iron and coal fields of Penns3^1vania affords many 
 facilities that made Philadelphia preeminent in manufactures. 
 It is said to embrace a larger variety of manufacturing interests 
 than any other city df the world. The census of 1870 gives 
 8,184 manufacturing establishments, employing 137,496 hands, 
 with invested capital of $174,016,674, paying $58,780,130 an- 
 nual wages, and products of $322,004,517. The capital of the 
 State and National banks is about $30,000,000. The building 
 and loan associations, somewhat peculiar to Philadelphia, have a 
 capital of about $20,000,000, and serve an excellent end in 
 fostering habits of saving with persons in the receipt of small 
 incomes, and in assisting them to become the owners of their 
 own residences. B}' these means, and owing to the fact that 
 the city has abundant opportunity to grow on three sides, namely, 
 north, west, and south, thus making land comparatively cheap, 
 an opportunity is afforded the laboring classes to occupy and 
 own small independent houses at very small cost. No city in 
 the country affords so much comfort to working people, tene- 
 ment houses with their consequent deg^-adation and immorality 
 are almost unknown ; and in respect of this point Philadelphia 
 is peerless in comparison with the larger cities of the country. 
 Not the stately residences of the wealthy, — they are equaled or 
 surpassed elsewhere, — but the neat and cleanly houses for the 
 poor are, or should be, tlie pride of the citv. In 1870 the num- 
 ber of dwellings was 112,366 with an average of a small frac- 
 tion over six persons each. It had at that date nearly twice as 
 many dwellings as New York, and less than half the number 
 of inmates to each house. 
 
 For other facts of interest see separate titles. 
 
10 THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES INTERNA- 
 TIONAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 ORIGIN. 
 
 The honor of first suggesting- the Exhibition belongs to Pro- 
 fessor Campbell of Indiana, now Secretar}' of the Commission; 
 and this was done by a letter written in 1866 to the Honorable 
 Morton McMichael, Mayor of Philadelphia. The suggestion 
 was communicated to the Councils, and was acted upon by them 
 in connection with the Franklin Institute. An act was passed 
 by Congress, March 3, 1871, providing for the celebration of 
 the one hundredth anniversar}' of the Independence of America 
 by the holding of an Exhibition of the arts, manufactures, and 
 products of the soil and mines, in which every nation of the 
 earth should share. 
 
 A proclamation Avas issued July 3, 1873, by the President of 
 the United States, stating that an international exhibition would 
 be held in the city of Philadelphia in 1876. Copies of this were 
 forwarded to all the foreign ministers by the Department of 
 State, inviting the participation of their governments in the Ex- 
 hibition. 
 
 This Exhibition has for its chief object the practical illustra- 
 tion of the resources and achievements of our nation in friendly 
 competition Avith those of other nations. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 A commission consisting of one delegate and alternate from 
 each of the several States and Territories was appointed by the 
 President, upon the nomination of the several State governors, 
 to be known as the United States Centennial Commission, which 
 was to have the entire superintendence of the Exhibition. The 
 President of the Commission is the Hon. Joseph K. Hawley of 
 Connecticut. The Dii-ector General is Alfred T. Goshorn of 
 Ohio, and the Chairman of the Executive Committee, Daniel J. 
 Morrell of Pennsylvania. 
 
 To provide the funds necessary to perfect the plans of the 
 Commission, a corporate body entitled the Centennial Board of 
 Finance was created, and empowered to issue stock, in shares of 
 ten dollars each, to the amount of $10,000,000. The President 
 of the Board is John Welsh of Philadelphia, the Vice Presl- 
 
12 THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 dents, William Sel'ers of Philadelphia, and John S. Barbour of 
 Virginia, the Secretary and Treasurer, Frederick Fi-aley, Phila- 
 delphia, and the Hon. William Bigler, Financial Agent. The 
 Building Committee of the Commission has for its Chairman, 
 Thomas Cochran, Philadelphia. 
 
 Ver^' soon after the organization of the Board of Finance, a 
 complete system was adopted to convey to every citizen of every 
 State such information as would awaken interest in the Exhibi- 
 tion, and lead to subscriptions from the people sufficient in 
 amount to absorb the capital stock. The financial crisis of 1873, 
 and the difficult}- of operating through the agency of the banks, 
 induced the establishment of a Bureau of Revenue, whose object 
 was to work through voluntary auxiliar}^ boards organized in 
 various localities through the States and Territories. 
 
 FINANCES. 
 
 The entire cost of the Exhibition, as stated by the Financial 
 Agent, will vary but little from $7,275,000. This estimate is 
 based upon the contracts made for the buildings, the cost of 
 laying out the grounds, and a close calculation in detail of the 
 running expenses. Nearly all of this amount has been secured. 
 This includes appropriations from the State of Pennsylvania of 
 one million dollars, the city of Philadelphia of a million and a 
 half, the State of New Jersey, one hundred thousand, Delaware, 
 ten thousand, and a million and a half from the General Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS. 
 
 These are situated in the southwestern extremity of Fairmount 
 Park, bordering on the western shore of the Schuylkill River. 
 A reservation of 2.36 acres exclusively for exhibition purposes, 
 was formally deeded to the Commission b}' the city of Philadel- 
 phia on July 4, 1873. 
 
 The buildings are located at a convenient distance from each 
 other, and may be seen to great advantage from George's Hill, 
 from the foot of which extends Machinery Hall, and beyond 
 are the glass and iron walls of the Main Exhibition Building, — 
 the two together forming an almost unbroken line of four 
 thousand feet in length. The offices of the Commission and the 
 Board of Finance lie a little south of Machinery Hall, near 
 the railroad entrance, while directly north of them, beyond the 
 line of the two great buildings is the Judge's Hall for the use 
 of the International Jurv. The granite walls with their iron 
 
/ 
 
MAP OF 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL 
 
 EXHIBITION GROUNDS 
 
THE CE 
 EXHIB!TIO^ 
 
THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 13 
 
 dome surmounted by a colossal figure of Columbia, of the Me- 
 morial Hall, intended to be a National Art Gallery, are to be 
 seen to the northward and about midway of the Main Building. 
 Still farther to the north, beyond a ravine shaded by lofty 
 trees and spanned by a fine bridge, is the Horticultural Hall 
 overlooking the Schuylkill, while still farther north, and be- 
 yond a second ravine, is situated the building for Agricult- 
 ure. 
 
 The garden of the Exhibition occupies the space between the 
 Machinery Hall, the Horticultural Hall, and the foot of George's 
 Hill. In the arrangement of the grounds two leading features 
 are noticeable. The first is Fountain Avenue, leading from Hor- 
 ticultural Hall to the foot of George's Hill, and crossed by a park 
 drive, Belmont Avenue. The spaces formed by this intersection 
 are divided as follows : The block bounded by Belmont Ave- 
 nue, Fountain Avenue, and the hill, is devoted to the British 
 and other buildings for foreign commissioners, and the United 
 States Government, and those for the different States. The 
 block inclosed by Fountain Avenue and Machinery Hall has, as 
 a distinctive feature, an artificial lake. On the north side of 
 Fountain Avenue, beyond the park drive, is the structure for the 
 Women's Department, while east of Belmont Avenue, and south 
 of Fountain, is the reservation for the buildings and garden of 
 the Japanese Commission. 
 
 The statuary which has been erected by various societies in- 
 cludes the Colossal Fountain near the foot of George's Hill, 
 which is 105 feet in diameter and 35 feet in exterior height, 
 the Columbus Monument, near the junction of Fountain and Bel- 
 mont Avenues: the Humboldt Monument, the Hebrew statue 
 of Religious Liberty, and the Witherspoon Monument. The 
 fountain, which was erected by the Catholic Total Abstinence 
 Society, at a cost of $50,000, is a centre from which radiate vari- 
 ous avenues, chief of which are Fountain Avenue and the Ave- 
 nue of the Republic which extends along the northern sides of 
 the Machinery Hall and the Main Building. In addition to the 
 avenues already mentioned, there is the Agricultural Avenue, 
 State Avenue, Lansdowne Drive, and the drive to Belmont 
 Mansion. Various walks leading through the grounds afford 
 the visitor abundant opportunity to view their natural and arti- 
 ficial beauties, and give easy access to all parts of the inclosure. 
 Among the principal entrances to the grounds may be mentioned 
 the followinsi : — 
 
14 THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 1st. East end of Main Building. The chief entrance for car- 
 riages. 
 
 2d. Between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, for vis- 
 itors coming by the Pennsylvania Railroad- and the street cars. 
 
 3d. Entrance from George's Hill. 
 
 4th. Entrance at the junction of Belmont Avenue and the 
 Park Drive. 
 
 5th. Entrance for visitors by the Reading Railroad, at their 
 depot. 
 
 6th. Entrance Belmont Valley for visitors by steamboats. 
 
 7th. Entrance in front of the Horticultural Hall. 
 
 8th. Entrance for visitors arriving on the Junction Railroad, 
 and by steamboats in the Lansdowne Valley. 
 
 9th. Entrance to the Art Gallery. All of these entrances are 
 fitted up with self-registering turnstiles. 
 
 In addition to being able to draw from the George's Hill City 
 Reservoir, whose capacity is 40,000,000 gallons, the Exhibition 
 will have an independent water supply from the Schuylkill 
 River ; where pumping engines capable of supplying 6,000,000 
 gallons daily have been placed. 
 
 DIRECT COMMUNICATION TO THE EXHIBITION FROM 
 OTHER CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 Opposite the main entrance to the Exhibition on the west side 
 of Elm Avenue, is located a new depot built by the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Company. It is 650 feet long by 100 feet wide The 
 tracks are laid in a circle of 1,000 feet in diameter, and three 
 tracks extend around this circle, to be used for the arrival and 
 departure of trains from the east, Avest, and south, — trains 
 from all points running direct to the Centennial Gi'ounds. The 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company will also have a 
 large and ornamental depot in the West Park, 800 feet east of the 
 Art Gallery. Trains from Williamsport, Allentown, Reading, 
 etc., will discharge passengers at this point, upon a commodious 
 platform. The managers of railroad lines in the vicinity of 
 Philadelphia will daily send man}^ local trains over their dif- 
 ferent roads to and irom the Exhibition, and by the sale of 
 tickets at reduced rates, will attract to the country along their 
 lines as many citizens and strangers as can be accommodated in 
 the numerous hotels and boarding houses that ma}^ be found. 
 
 In the passage-ticket office of Messrs. Cook, Son, & Jenkins, 
 located, prominentlv within the grounds, tickets will be sold to 
 
THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 15 
 
 almost every railroad station in America, and to every impor- 
 tant city in the world. The foreigner will find his own language 
 spoken in this office; and every facility Avill be afforded for 
 checking and transferring baggage to all points. 
 
 COMMUNICATIONS FROM THE CITY OF PHILADEL- 
 PHIA. 
 
 Four railroad bridges connecting the east and west bank of the 
 Schuylkill, will be used during the Exhibition by passenger 
 trains. Their depots are close to the International Buildings, 
 and it is practicable to run trains on each of these four railroads 
 as often as every five minutes, carrying on each train five hun- 
 dred passengers. Five lines of city passenger railway, will also 
 cross the bridges, the cars running throngh the centre of the city, 
 and from West Philadelphia to the Main Entrance to the Exhi- 
 bition ; and all can, if necessary, go on one-minute time, making 
 the number of cars arriving at the Exhibition about three hun- 
 dred in an hour. The hourly capacity of these cars is from fif- 
 teen to eighteen thousand persons. In addition to the steam 
 and street cars, a line of steamboats will run to Belmont Land- 
 ing from the vicinity of Callowhill Street Bridge, affording 
 transportation for about on9 thousand people per hour. 
 
 SPECIAL AEEANGEMENTS IN THE GROUNDS FOR 
 REFRESHMENTS. 
 
 Six large restaurants are erected within the inclosure, at con- 
 venient points, where refreshment may be obtained at reasona- 
 ble rates. The names and locations of these are as follows: 
 The American Restaurant, between the Agricultural and Horti- 
 cultural buildings. Directly east of the American Restaurant, 
 and in the rear of Horticultural Hall, stands the German Res- 
 taurant. There are two French Restaurants, the " Freres Pro- 
 vencaux," at the intersection of Fountain and Belmont Avenues, 
 near the Music Pavilion, and the " Restaurant Sudreaux," 
 adjacent to the Swedish head-quarters. On Belmont Avenue, 
 to the north of the Women's Department, is a restaurant known 
 as " The South.'' The Dairy Association is located east of Agri- 
 cultural Avenue and south of Horticultural Hall. 
 
 Refreshment saloons are also located in the vestibules on 
 either side of the north and south entrances to the Main Build- 
 ing. In addition to the provision for refreshment within the 
 grounds, further accommodation wiil be furnished by the large 
 
16 THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 
 
 hotels situated in the immediate vicinity of the Main Entrance 
 to the Exhibition. 
 
 LIST OF CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS. 
 
 The buildings may be thus classified : — 
 
 1st. Those erected by the United States Centennial Commis- 
 sion, viz : The Main Exhibition Building, Machinery Hall, 
 the Art Gallery, Horticultural Hall, Agricultural Hall, Judge's 
 Hall, and the office of the Commission and Board of Finance. 
 
 2d. The United States Government Building. 
 
 3d. The building for the Women's Department. 
 
 4th. Those erected by the various State Boards, which in- 
 cludes head-quarters for the following named States, New York, 
 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Michigan, Wisconsin, Kansas, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
 and Connecticut. 
 
 5th. Those built by foreign governments, which comprises 
 the structures erected by Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and 
 Japan. 
 
 6th. Miscellaneous. This embraces the Shoe and Leather 
 Manufactory, Wagon and Carriage Manufactory, Vienna Bak- 
 ery, Photographic Gallery, Centennial Photograph Association, 
 Woman's School House, New England Log House and Modern 
 Kitchen, Japanese Dwelling, The New York Tribune, Loiscans 
 Compressed Fuel Co., Brewers' Association, American Restau- 
 rant, German Kestaurant, Restaurant " Freres Provencaux," 
 Restaurant "Sudreaux," Restaurant "The South," and the 
 Milk Dairy Association. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS. 
 
 It is almost impossible by any of the ordinary forms of ex- 
 pression, to convey an adequate idea of the magnitude and 
 beauty of the structures which are to serve the purposes of the 
 Great International Exhibition of 1876 ; but the following fig- 
 ures will afford some conception of the extensive preparations 
 which have been made for the coming World's Fair. The aggre- 
 gate amount of space covered by the buildings for exhibition 
 purposes is forty-nine acres, or 2,134,500 square feet. The 
 Main Building and Machinery Hall would give comfortable 
 standing room for 510,300 persons. The total extent of walks 
 in the buildings is in the neighborhood of forty miles. In the 
 construction of the two buildings just mentioned, which cover 
 
CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 17 
 
 thirty-four out of the total of forty-nine acres, there were used 
 9,250,000 pounds of h-on, 12,000,000 feet of lumber, and four 
 miles of pipe. For the last named building 15,000,000 pounds 
 of stone, 150,000 pounds of glass and 700,000 square feet of tin 
 roofing Avere required. 
 The total cost of the structures was $4,500,000. 
 
 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 THE MAIN BUILDING. 
 
 The location of the Main Exhibition Building is on the Lans- 
 downe Plateau, immediately east of the intersection of Belmont 
 and Elm Avenues. The length of the building, which is in form 
 a parallelogram, extends east and Avest a distance of 1,880 feet, 
 the width fi-om north to south being 464 feet. The greater 
 portion of the structure is but one story in height, measuring 45 
 feet from the ground to the main cornice upon the outside, 
 while the height in the interior is 70 feet. 
 
 At each of the four corners of the building, towers 24 feet 
 square rise to a height of 75 feet. The roof over the central 
 part of the structure, for 184 feet square, has been elevated 
 above the surrounding portions, and at each of the four corners 
 are towers, 48 feet square, rising to 120 feet in height. This 
 adds greatly to the architectural finish, and gives a central 
 feature to the bnilding. In the centre of each of the four sides 
 of the building, are projections in which are located the main 
 entrances. The Avest entrance will give admittance to visitors 
 coming by the steam railroads. The terminus of the city rail- 
 roads is on Elm AA'enue, opposite the south entrance. Visitors 
 in carriages Avill be deposited under cover of the arcade at the 
 east entrance. TJie main northern door-Avay gives exit to the 
 Art Gallery. 
 
 The central na\"€ of the building is 1,832 feet long and 120 feet 
 Avide. BetAveen this and the main avenues on either side of 
 it, — which are 100 feet Avide, — are aisles 48 feet Avide. The 
 smaller aisles at the sides of the building are 24 feet in Avidth. 
 Three transepts haA^e been introduced in the same positions 
 relatiA'ely to each other as the naA-eand aA^enues running length- 
 wise. Promenades through the central nave and transept, and 
 2 
 
18 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 through the side avenues and transepts, are respectively 30 and 
 15 feet wide. All other walks are 10 feet in width. 
 
 Platforms have been erected at various heights on the stair- 
 ways leading to the central towers, from which may be obtained 
 a fine view of the interior of the building. 
 
 Nations taking part in the Exhibition have been assigned 
 space, according to geographical position, in sections running 
 crosswise of the building. Offices for their Commissions are at 
 the side of the building within their respective sections. 
 
 The system of classitication groups articles to be exhibited in 
 the following order : — 
 
 1. The natural products of the earth, or the basis of manufact- 
 ure. 
 
 2. The manufactures and the results of the combination and 
 working of such products. 
 
 3. The means and appliances by which the results have been 
 attained. 
 
 4. The result and effects of such productive activity. 
 
 There are ten Departments of classification, specified as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 1. Raw Material — Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal. 
 
 2. Materials and Manufactures used for food, or in the arts — 
 the result of extractive or combining processes. 
 
 3. Textile and Felted Fabrics — apparel, costumes, and orna- 
 ments for the person. 
 
 4. Furniture and Manufactures of general use in construction 
 and in dwellings. 
 
 5. Tools, Implements, Machines, and Processes. 
 
 6. Motors and Transportation. 
 
 7. Apparatus and Methods for the increase and diffusion of 
 Knowledge. 
 
 8. Engineering, Public Works, Architecture, etc. 
 
 9. Plastic and Graphic Arts. 
 
 10. Objects illustrating eiforts for the improvement of the 
 physical, intellectual, and moral condition of man. 
 
 Guide-boards at prominent points will indicate the exact loca- 
 tion of the various Departments in the several buildings. 
 
 THE ART GALLERY. 
 
 Three fiundred feet north of the Main Building, on an elevated 
 terrace, stands the Memorial Hall. The style of the building is 
 the modern Renaissance. The materials used in its construction 
 
20 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 are granite, iron, and glass. It is thoroughly fire-proof, and 
 will furnish a safe depository for the many works of art therein 
 to be exhibited. 
 
 Its length is 365 feet, width 200 feet, and its height 59 feet. 
 
 From the central portion of the structure rises a dome of iron 
 and glass to the height of 150 feet. Its bell shaped summit is 
 surmounted by a colossal zinc statue of Columbia, 23J feet high, 
 weighing three tons. At each of the four corners of the base 
 of the dome are groups representing Mining, Commerce, Agri-. 
 culture, and Manufactures. Over the main entrance are two 
 groups, representing Science and Art. Three distinctive features 
 are displayed in the front of the building, namely: three large 
 door-ways in the centre, a pavilion at each end, and arcades, 
 similar in appearance to those in the old Roman villas, which 
 connect the pavilions with the centre. The promenades thus 
 formed look outward over the grounds and inward over open 
 gardens ornamented with flowers, etc. The upper line of .hese 
 arcades forms a second promenade thirty-five feet above the 
 ground. The walls of the east and west sides of the building 
 are relieved by five niches for the reception of statues. 
 
 On the north front of the building arched windows take the 
 place of the arcades. Between the pavilions, at an elevation of 
 forty feet from the ground, extends a grand balcony 275 feet 
 long and 45 feet in width from Avhich a fine view is had of the 
 park that stretches away to the northward. 
 
 The main door-waj^s give entrance to a reception hall appro- 
 priately frescoed and decorated. Its dimensions are 82 feet by 
 60, and the height to the ceiling 53 feet. From this hall door- 
 ways open directly into the central hall which is 83 feet square. 
 The height of the ceiling of the dome which rises over it is 80 
 feet. On either side of the central hall are galleries that form, 
 with it, a grand hall nearly twice the size of any in the coun- 
 try, and large enough to contain 8,000 persons. 
 
 Beyond the side galleries are end gallei'ies connecting with 
 the pavilions at the corners of the building. The central hail 
 and these galleries are lighted from above. 
 
 There are thirteen rooms on the north front of the building 
 which will be used for studios and minor exhibition purposes. 
 Like the pavilions they are lighted from the side. The pavilions 
 and central hall are intended specially for the display of sculpt- 
 ure and afford 11,921 square feet of floor surface. The various 
 rooms and galleries for the exhibition of pictures present a total 
 
CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 21 
 
 wall space of 71,992 square feet, and their capacity may be 
 largely increased by the erection of temporary partitions in the 
 galleries opening out of the centre hall. 
 
 The Art Gallery was erected by the State of Pennsylvania at 
 a cost of $1,500,000. It is to remain after the close of the Ex- 
 hibition, and serve-the purpose of a National Memorial Hall, for 
 the free exhibition of art treasures from all parts of the Union. 
 
 MACHINERY HALL. 
 
 The structvire designed exclusively for the exhibition of ma- 
 chinery, is located directly west of the Main Exhibition Build- 
 ing, at a distance from it of 542 feet, the north fronts of both 
 buildings being upon the same line. It is somewhat similar to 
 the Main Hall in appearance, and is the second building of the 
 group in point of size, its dimensions being 1,402 feet by 360. 
 The greater part of the building is a single story in height, the 
 main cornice upon the outside being 40 feet from the ground. 
 The interior height in the avenues and aisles is 70 and 40 
 feet respectively. Upon the sides of the building projections 
 are introduced, which are 80 feet in height. In these the en- 
 trances are located. That at the east end of the building is 
 the principal one, receiving visitors from the steam and city 
 railroad lines, while the west entrance affords communication 
 with George's Hill. A wing 208 by 210 feet is annexed to 
 the southern side of the building. 
 
 ^ Two main avenues 90 feet wide by 1,360 feet long, with a 
 central aisle between and an aisle on either side, each 60 feet 
 wide, are shown in the arrangement of the ground plan. A 
 central transept 90 feet wide extends across the building into 
 the wing. Massive timber columns support the roof trusses, 
 which consist of straight wooden principals, strengthened 
 with wrought-iron ties and struts. The construction of the 
 frame-work is such that it will not be affected by the strain to 
 which it will be subjected. The system of shafting is very 
 complete. The main lines will extend lengthwise through the 
 building, and counter shafts may be introduced at any point in 
 the side aisles. Of the sixteen lines of shafting which it is es- 
 timated will be required to drive the machinery, twelve will be 
 run at the rate of 120 revolutions, and four at the rate of 240 
 revolutions per minute, transmitting 180 horse power. A speci- 
 fied amount of power will be furnished to exhibitors free of 
 cost ; and additional power will be supplied at reasonable rates. 
 
CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 23 
 
 The wing on the southern side of the building will be specially- 
 devoted to the display of hydraulic machinery, and from a 
 tank 60 by 160 feet and 10 feet in depth, will be seen a waterfall 
 35 feet high by 40 feet wide, supplied by the pumps on exhi- 
 bition. 
 
 No better illustration of the progress of our country can be 
 given than is indicated by the results of American invention in 
 labor saving machines. The almost unlimited number of me- 
 chanical appliances produced in the United States, have justly 
 earned for the nation a world-wide reputation, Avhich it is con- 
 fidently believed will be more than sustained by the exhibit of 
 1876. 
 
 THE HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. 
 
 The Horticultural Department of the Exhibition has been pro- 
 vided by the city of Philadelphia with an ornate and commodi- 
 ous building, located on the Lansdowne Terrace, north of the 
 Memorial Hall. The deep ravine separating the buildings, is 
 spaned by a handsome iron bridge. The principal materials 
 composing the structure are iron and glass, and the architect- 
 ural design is Moresque. Its dimensions are 383 by 193 feet, 
 the height to the top of the lantern is 72 feet, the area 
 inclosed by the walls of the building one acre and a half. 
 
 The approach to the east and west entrances is by flights of 
 blue marble steps. The central portion of the building is occu- 
 pied by the Conservatory, which is 230 by 80 feet. It is sur- 
 mounted by a lantern 170 feet long, 20 feet Avide and 14 feet 
 high. A marble fountain, executed by Foley, adorns the cen- 
 tre, and smaller fountains the angles of the Hall. A gallery 20 
 feet from the floor runs entirely round the Conservatory, The 
 stair-ways frOm the vestibules leading to this also give access to 
 external galleries over the forcing-houses Mdiich connect with a 
 grand promenade above the rooms on the ground floor of the 
 building. On either side of the Conservatory are two forcing 
 houses 100 by 30 feet covered by curved roofs of iron and glass 
 and separated bv vestibules. Similar vestibules, on either side 
 of which are the restaurants, reception rooms, offices, etc., are at 
 the centre of the east and west ends. 
 
 In the evening the building will be lighted b}^ 3,500 burners. 
 
 The heating apparatus, etc., is in the basement of the build- 
 mg, which is of fire-proof construction. 
 
 One of the most noteworthy features in connection with the 
 Horticultural Department is the garden, forty acres in extent, 
 
24 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 which surrounds the building, and gives ample evidence of 
 taste and progress in Horticulture. 
 
 In it may be seen, not only all varieties of rare plants and flora, 
 but also the numerous methods of ornamental arrangement em- 
 ployed in artistic gardening. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 
 
 This building, in which will be displayed all the products of 
 the soil, both in the crude and manufactured condition, together 
 with agricultural implements and machinery, is located east of 
 Belmont Avenue, and to the north of Horticultural Hall. The 
 structure, which is built of wood and glass, presents some novel 
 features in its general plan and arrangement. The nave of the 
 building, which is 800 feet in length, is intersected by a central 
 and two side transepts, 540 feet long. These sections, in which 
 the truss system is introduced, have the form of a Gothic arch 
 springing from the ground, to an altitude of 75 feet, the interven- 
 ing spaces between them being inclosed and covered by orna- 
 mental roofs. The entire area within the building for exhibition 
 purposes is nine and one half acres. The peculiar form of the 
 roof section is calculated to decrease the intensity of the sun's 
 rays, to which, if unprotected by any ceiling beneath, it would 
 be subjected in the summer season. The building is remarkable 
 for economy of space and simplicity of construction rather than 
 embellishment. 
 
 In the ground plan, four avenues divide the building into 
 sections, each of which has aisles 13 feet wide by 197 feet long 
 extending through it to the north and south avenue at one end 
 and into the side passages at the other. Three of the main 
 avenues run east and west through the building, one through 
 the centre being 540 feet long by 60 feet wide, the other two are 
 the same length and 30 feet in width. The fourth main avenue 
 extends through the middle of the structure and is 826 feet long 
 by 70 wide. 
 
 The Agricultural classification includes : — 
 
 Agricultural products. Animal and vegetable products, iised 
 as food or as materials. Arboriculture and forest products. 
 Land animals. Marine animals, fish culture and apparatus. 
 Textile substances of vegetable or animal origin. Pomology. 
 Machines, implements and process of manufactui'es. Agricult- 
 ural engineei'ing and administration. Tillage and general 
 management. 
 
Sept. 1 
 
 to Sept. 
 
 , 15. 
 
 Sept. 20 
 
 " Oct. 
 
 5. 
 
 Oct. 10 
 
 '^ Oct. 
 
 25. 
 
 Oct. 25 
 
 " Nov. 
 
 .10. 
 
 26 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 The Stock-yard, twenty-two acres in extent, is situated five 
 liundred yards from the principal entrance to the Agricultural 
 Building, outside of the Centennial inclosure. The display of 
 Live Stock will take place during the months of September and 
 October, the periods assigned to each class and family being as 
 follows: — 
 
 Horses, mules, and asses, from 
 
 Horned cattle, " 
 
 Sheep, swine, goats, and dogs, " 
 
 Poultry, " 
 
 A trial of Harvesting Machinery Will be given during June 
 and July ; and after the removal of the crops. Tillage Imple- 
 ments will be tested on the same grounds. 
 
 Exhibitors that may require it will be furnished with the 
 necessary steam power and appliances for running their ma- 
 chines in the Agricultural Building. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES EXHIBITS BUILDING. 
 
 The" Exhibits of the General Government will be presented in 
 a building situated on Belmont Avenue, north of Fountain Ave- 
 nue. Its cost was about $60,000. It has a floor area of 83,640 
 square feet, a length of central nave and aisles of 400 feet, by 
 100 feet in width, and a transept 300 feet long by 100 feet wide. 
 The building is constructed entirely of wood. About $500,000 
 has been appropriated by the government for its exhibition pur- 
 poses, and the various Departments and the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution will be full}^ represented. 
 
 The purpose of this exhibition is to " illustrate the functions 
 and administrative faculties of the government in time of peace, 
 and its resources as a new power, and thereby serve to demon- 
 strate the nature of our institutions and their adaptation to the 
 wants of the people." To give effect to the purpose of the gov- 
 ernment a Board has been created of seven members, one each 
 from the War, Treasury, Navy, Interior, Post Office, and Agri- 
 cultural Departments, and the Smithsonian Institution, to whom 
 is intrusted the care of the entire Exhibit. 
 
 THE WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 On the east side of Belmont Avenue, north of Fountain Ave- 
 nue covering an area of 30,000 square feet, stands the building 
 devoted to the uses of the Women's Department of the Exposi- 
 tion. 
 
CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 27 
 
 The funds for the building, which has been erected at a cost /; 
 
 of $30,000, were raised by a Women's Committee of which Mrs. | 
 
 E. D. Gillespie of Philadelphia is President. ] 
 
 The structure, which is of modern wood architecture, is unique I 
 
 in appearance, being trussed over from the outside walls and ] 
 
 having in its entire interior only four supporting columns. Its ,; 
 centre is elevated 25 feet above the roof, and is surmounted 
 
 by a cupola 90 feet in height. The interior of the building ' 
 
 shows two intersecting naves, each 192 feet long by 64 wide, \ 
 
 on each end of which is a porch, 8 by 32 feet. Four pavilions, ; 
 each 48 feet square, are formed by the corners of the two naves. 
 
 The circular issued by the Women's Committee states the ob- ; 
 
 ject and purposes of their Department, as follows : — i 
 
 " As the object of the Women's Department is the exhibition 
 of the highest type of women's work, and also to point out 
 avenues of usefulness and profit not generally known, it is pro- ; 
 posed to confine the exhibits, in a great measure, to representa- 
 tions of sculpture, painting, literature, engraving, telegraphy, ; 
 lithography, education, inventions of all kinds, etc., a classifi- ' 
 cation which, omitting women's clothing in all its branches, ' 
 gives place to the finer kinds of needle-work, lace-work, etc., 
 thus leaving the larger portion of the building for the exhibi- 
 tion of the useful arts." ' 
 
 Other branches of knowledge, for which women are peculiarly ! 
 
 fitted, will be ajso exhibited, such as the Kindergarten, Object- | 
 
 teaching, etc., in an additional building. i 
 
 Independently of the funds provided for their own Depart- \ 
 
 ment, over $95,000 have been raised for the General Exhibition ; 
 
 Fund by the women of the country. ■ 
 
 THE JUDGES' BUILDING. \ 
 The site of this building is directly north of the main entrance 
 at Belmont and Elm Avenues. Its greatest length is 152 feet j 
 by a width of 115. Entering through a wide vestibule, the vis- ' 
 itor enters a large hall, 80 by 60 feet and 43 feet high, de- ' 
 signed for the judges at their principal sessions. In the rear of ■ 
 this is a lesser hall intended for a smaller assembly. In the cor- 
 ridor which surrounds the large hall are the committee rooms, \ 
 and on the second floor a gallery runs around the three sides \ 
 of the building, for the accommodation of spectators. \ 
 The building is of frame-work, plastered within and without \ 
 the outside being in imitation of the wood construGtion of modern i 
 
28 CENTENNIAL BUILDINGS IN DETAIL. 
 
 architecture ; and the cost is estimated at something less than 
 $30,000. 
 
 The International Jury will consist of 200 judges, 100 being 
 appointed by foreign commissions, and 100 by the Centennial 
 Commission. 
 
 Awards will consist of a diploma with a uniform bronze medal, 
 accompanied by a report of the judges respecting the particular 
 merits for which tiiey are granted. 
 
 THE BRITISH COMMISSION BUILDINGS. 
 
 These are three in number, constructed in the style of the 
 sixteenth century. One will be occupied by the Commissioners, 
 and the others devoted to offices, etc. Their site is between 
 Fountain and State Avenues, near tlie foot of George's Hill. 
 
 JAPANESE BUILDINGS. 
 
 Within the space allotted to the government of Japan, ap- 
 pears their commission's building, and a native dwelling-house, 
 surrounded by a garden arranged in the manner peculiar to their 
 countr3\ The materials composing these structures were sent out 
 from Japan and they were erected by Japanese workmen. 
 
 THE STATE BUILDINGS. 
 
 These buildings, thirteen in number, representing various 
 stj'les of architecture, are mainl}^ grouped on State Avenue, 
 ranging west from Belmont Avenue, in the following order: 
 Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
 New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Delaware. 
 The New York State head-quarters are on the southern side of 
 State Avenue, opposite the Massachusetts State building, while 
 those of New Jersej' and Kansas are east of Belmont Avenue, 
 above the Women's Department. 
 
 WHEN OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 The Exhibition opens on the 10th of May and closes Novem- 
 ber 10th. At the time of writing the question of admitting vis- 
 itors on Sunday remains undecided. 
 
 TERMS OF ADMISSION. 
 
 An entrance fee of fifty cents admits visitors to all parts of 
 the buildings and grounds. There will be no season tickets. 
 
FAIRMOUNT PARK. 29 
 
 THE CATALOGUE. 
 
 The official catalogue, which will be published in English, 
 French, German, and Spanish, is to consist of four parts of uni- 
 form size : — 
 
 Number 1, under the title of "Main Building," will embrace 
 the departments of Mining and Metallurgy, Manufactui-es, Edu- 
 cation, and Science. 
 
 Number 2, imder title of "Machinery Hall," will embrace 
 the department of Machinery. 
 
 Number 3, under title of " Art Gallery," will embrace the 
 department of Art. 
 
 Number 4, under title of ''Agricultural and Horticultural 
 Halls," will embrace the departments of Agriculture and Hor- 
 ticulture. 
 
 The price of each of these parts is twenty-five cents, and 
 copies may be obtained at various points within the grounds. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL AMUSEMENTS. 
 Tiie list of amusements to take place during the continuance 
 of the Exhibition includes a handsome display of military or- 
 ganizations, from various States: an international rowing re- 
 gatta on the Schuylkill; an international rifle contest; a base- 
 ball, and a billiard tournament; a grand hofse race ; and a yacht 
 race, open to all comers, to be contested in the vicinity of New 
 York. 
 
 FAIRMOUNT PARK. 
 
 LOCATION AND AREA. 
 The great Park of Philadelphia contains 2,991 acres, being 
 more than three times larger than the Central Park in New York. 
 It is situated in the northwest section of the city, and extends 
 upon both sides of the Schuylkill River for seven miles, and 
 along both banks of the Wissahickon Creek for over six miles to 
 Chestnut Hill, a distance of over fourteen miles from the Fair- 
 mount Water Works, the nucleus of the Park, from which its name 
 is taken. 
 
 ORIGIN. 
 
 The necessity in which the project originated was the preserva- 
 tion of the purity of the water supply of the city, which was seri- 
 
30 FAIRMOUNT PARK. 
 
 ously threatened by the increase of manufacturing concerns on the 
 the banks of the Schuylkill, whence dye-stuffs and other offen- 
 sive matter were allowed to pollute the water. Added to this 
 was the need, felt in all great cities, of a pleasure ground for the 
 people of all classes. The combination of these influences brought 
 about the purchase of this great tract of land and its dedi- 
 cation to public uses. 
 
 PUBLIC CONVEYANCES TO THE PARK. 
 
 To the lower end of the Park at Fairmount Bridge,— Cars on Fairmount Ave- 
 nue, Callowhill, Vine, Arch, or Pine Sts. Vine and Arch St. cars connect and 
 cross the river to George's Hill in the west park. To the upper entrances in 
 the vicinity of the W^ater Works, — Cars by Green and Coates Sts. to Green St. 
 entrance; Union line on Ninth St. or Poplar St. line to Brown St. entrance ; 
 Girard Avenue line to entrance at Girard Avenue, and Ridge Avenue line to 
 East Park. 
 
 For other arrangements of street cars and steam communication, see article on 
 the Centennial, also time-table of accommodiition trains on the Philadelphia and 
 Reading and Pennsylvania Central Railroads. 
 
 Visitors desiring to go directly to the Zoological Gardens can take cars by 
 Girard Avenue. Vine, Market, Chestnut, and Thirty-fifth St. lines, or being at 
 the W^ater Works can take the little steamboats. 
 
 PRINCIPAL ENTRANCES 
 
 Most convenient for persons desiring to visit the Park from the 
 central or southern parts of the city, are the entrances at the 
 Fairmount Bridge or Green St., either of which are accessible by 
 street cars, as noted above. 
 
 GENERAL DIVISIONS. 
 
 The natural divisions of the Park are Fairmount, which in- 
 cludes the city "Water Works in the southeast section ; the Fast 
 Park, north of the Girard Avenue Bridge and on the east bank of 
 the river ; and the We.>^t Park, which comprises the entire sec- 
 tion west of the river. These general divisions will guide the 
 following description. 
 
 FAIRMOUNT. 
 
 This portion of the Park has been a famous place of resort for 
 many years. Here are located the original of the present sys- 
 tem of water works by which the city is now supplied, the com- 
 bined capacity of the entire works being over 40,000,000 gallons 
 daily. The dam which is here thrown across the river is 1,300 
 feet long, in some places being built to a depth of thirty feet 
 below low water, creates the power by which the great pumping 
 machinery is operated, and Avas built in 1819. From the top of 
 
FAIRMOUNT PARK. 31 
 
 the hill in Avhich the great basin is built there is a fine view 
 which well repays the ascent. Small steamboats ply at short 
 intervals from this section of the Park to various points on both 
 sides of the river above, and small boats for rowing may be hired 
 near by the steamboat landing. Here are also a number of 
 Avorks of art, the principal of which are the portrait bust and 
 monument in white marble to the memory of Frederick Graff, 
 wlio suggested and- planned the original water works ; and the 
 bronze statue of Lincoln, supported upon a granite pedestal, 
 which was erected by the Lincoln Monument Association in 1871. 
 The figure was cast in Munich and modeled b}' Kandolph Rogers 
 in Rome. 
 
 North from the steamboat landing is Lemon Hill, upon which 
 stands the mansion of Robert Morris, of Revolutionary memory. 
 Back of it are spacious playgrounds; to the front of it, on the mar- 
 gin of the river, are the elegant boat-houses of the " Schuylkill 
 navy;" near by the river are a number of inviting summer- 
 houses; a little to the north is " Grant's Cottage," a small cabin 
 which was used as the head-quarters of the General of the Arniy 
 at City Point, Va., during the last year of the civil war, and 
 near Girard Avenue is the Guard-house for lost children. 
 
 THE EAST PARK. 
 
 Passing north from Fairmount under Girard Avenue Bridge, 
 and through a rock tunnel, the East Park is entered. This i)or- 
 tion of the Park was opened in 1871, and for its creation has laid 
 under contribution a number of fine estates, one of them for- 
 merly the residence of Benedict Arnold, the traitor. Just north 
 of the bridge are the Schuylkill Water Works and great storage 
 reservoir. In the centre of this section is Strawberry Mansion, a 
 popular resort for refreshment, pleasantly situated and com- 
 manding a fine view. Here, also, is Rockland, famous for the 
 poor children's picnics. This section properly terminates at 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery, but it suits the scope of this description 
 better to connect with it "The Wissahickon," regarding which 
 there is little to state but much to see. On the margin of the 
 river below the bold hill upon which is the cemetery, is a fine 
 road which sweeps around to the mouth of the Wissahickon 
 Creek, a charming stream, which for six miles, including a nar- 
 roAv strip of land on either side, is a part of the Park. Art has 
 done little here, but nature everything. The hills, rocks, trees, 
 quiet pools, dashing cascades combine in maiij- forms of ro- 
 
32 CEMETERIES. 
 
 mantic beauty. A drive through this part of the Park is a 
 necessity for every visitor. 
 
 THE WEST PARK. 
 
 This section embraces all of the Park hnng Avest of the river. 
 The two portions are connected bv several bridges (see Bridges) 
 of remarkable strength and beauty. The leading feature is the 
 Centennial Grounds, elsewhere described; besides which the 
 point of greatest interest is the zoological collection, which dis- 
 putes with that in the Central Park, NeAv York, the honor of 
 being the best collection in the countr\\ This collection occu- 
 pies a tract of land known as " Solitude," including thirty-five 
 acres, formerly the homestead of John Penn, lying south of the 
 Girard Avenue Bridge. It has many interesting features, among 
 which are the monkey house, aviar}', carnivora house, bear pits, 
 raccoon pens, houses for the elephant, the rhinoceros, and the 
 rabbits, the village of prairie dogs, and the bison sheds. 
 
 The drives in this section are v^ery attractive, one of them — the 
 Lansdowne Drive — leading to Belmont Mansion. Some of the 
 elevations are very commanding, the trees are tine, and some of 
 them very old, the rivulets pretty, the ravines inviting: but the 
 Centennial has captured much of the best portion of this sec- 
 tion, including George's Hill and Lansdowne. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 There are over seventy cemeteries in the city and vicinity, of 
 which the leading ones are referred to here. 
 
 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 
 
 This is the largest and most interesting of all the burying 
 places of Philadelphia, as well as for its extent and beauty of 
 situation as for the costlv and tasteful style of the improve- 
 ments and memorials. It is situated on the east bank of the 
 Schuylkill, bordering upon Fairmount Pa\;k, of which it is in- 
 corporated as a part, and is thus guaranteed forever to the pur- 
 poses for which it is designed. It has an area of several hun- 
 dred acres, and is divided into three sections known as North, 
 South, and Central Laurel Hill. The principal entrance, on 
 
CEMETERIES. 33 
 
 Ridge Avenue, is adorned by a large brown-stone structure 
 ■vvlth Doric columns. Just vvitliin this entrance is Thorn's cele- 
 brated group, in brown-stone, of Old Mortality and Sir Walter 
 Scott. There are many distinguished persons buried here, 
 among them, Godfrey, the inventor of the quadrant; Fitch, the 
 inventor of the steamboat; General Mercer, who fell at the bat- 
 tle of Princeton; Commodore Hull, the naval hero of the last 
 war with England. A discrimination can scarcely be made be- 
 tween the many beautiful private improvements and monu- 
 ments. The stranger in Philadelphia should not omit a visit to 
 this place, which may be made in connection with an excursion 
 to the Fairmount Park, This cemetery was projected in 1835, 
 was opened for interments in 1836, which now number about 
 25,000. It may be reached by the Ridge Avenue cars, which 
 run on Arch St. from Second to Ninth Sts., then via Ninth St. 
 and Ridge Avenue to the cemetery, or from Fairmount Park by 
 steamboat. 
 
 WEST LAUREL HILL CEMETERY, 
 On the west bank of the Schuylkill, a short distance above 
 Laurel Hill. This is a new enterprise, having been opened in 
 1869. 
 
 WOODLANDS CEMETERY, 
 
 In West Philadelphia, fronting the Schuylkill, less than a mile 
 south of Market St. This property was originally the Ham- 
 ilton estate, long known as the family residence by the name 
 which designates the cemetery, — The Woodlands. It con- 
 tains eighty acres, is very tastefully laid out, and has a re- 
 markably rare and beautiful growth of trees. The cemetery 
 was opened in 1840, and the interments number nearly eight 
 thousand. Among them are the historic characters of the United 
 States Navy, Commodore David Porter and Admiral Stewart, 
 familiarly known as " Old Ironsides; " also, the first officer of 
 the regular army killed in the late civil war. Lieutenant Greble. 
 The most prominent of the many beautiful private structures 
 is the Drexel mausoleum, which is said to be unequaled by any 
 building of its kind in the country. Take the Darby cars on 
 Walnut St. 
 
 MONUMENT CEMETERY 
 Is on Broad St., near Montgomery Avenue. This cemetery has 
 a monument to the joint memories of Lafayette and Washing- 
 ton, — its dimensions are symbolic, the pedestal has a surface of 
 3 
 
34 STREETS AND EARKS. 
 
 77 square yards, Lafayette's age, the shaft is 67 feet 10 inches 
 high, representing the years and months of Washington's life; 
 the steps of the pedestal — 1-3 — indicate the number of the 
 original States ; the grooves in the base of the column — 32 — 
 the number of States when the column was erected, and from 
 the division where the shaft changes form to the top is 56 feet, 
 the number of signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 CATHEDRAL CEMETERY. 
 
 This is the principal Roman Catholic place of burial. It is in 
 the northern part of West Philadelphia, at Forty-eighth St. and 
 Girard Avenue. It contains forty-three acres, was opened in 
 1819, and has many beautiful monuments. 
 
 OTHER CEMETERIES. 
 The New Cathedral Cemetery — Roman Chatholic — in the 
 northeastern part of the city at Second St. and Nicetown Lane; 
 Mount Moriah Cemetery on Kingsessing Avenue, in the south- 
 ern part of West Philadelphia; Glen wood Cemetery, at Ridge 
 Avenue and Islington Lane; very near it. The Odd Fellows' 
 Cemetery, Cedar Hills Cemetery in Frankford, Mount Peace 
 Cemetery, and Mount Vernon Cemetery. The two last near 
 Laurel Hill. 
 
 STREETS AND PARKS. 
 
 The streets of the city cross each other at right angles. Those running east 
 and west from the Delaware to the Schuj'lkill are named, while those extending 
 from north to south are numbered. The entire length of streets and roads 
 within the city limits is about one thousand miles. 
 
 The rectangular division of the city makes the system of numbering a simple 
 one. Beginning at Front St., near the Delaware River, the houses on the 
 streets running from east to west are numbered, commencing with one hun- 
 dred. At Second St., although the first hundred is not completed, they are 
 numbered from 200; at Third St., .300, etc., each successive square beginning a 
 hundred of its own number. Market St. is the dividing line for numbering on 
 streets running north and south. The p)an of numbering each way from this 
 is the same as on streets parallel with it, commencing with an even hundred at 
 the beginning of each square. Thus, 200 North Tenth St. would be at the cor- 
 ner of Race, the second street north of Market; and 200 South Tenth St., at the 
 corner of Walnut, the second street south of Market. The following streets run 
 parallel with Market St. 
 
 Those streets having no numbers are narrow or short streets between the prin- 
 cipal avenues. 
 
STREETS AND PARKS. 
 
 35 
 
 IfO. NORTH. 
 
 JfO. SOUTH. 
 
 1 Market, Filbert. 
 
 1 Market, Jayne. 
 
 — Commerce, Church. 
 
 — Merchant, Minor. 
 
 100 Arch, Cherry. 
 
 100 Chestnut, Sansom. 
 
 200 Race, Branch, New. 
 
 — Library, Dock. 
 
 300 Vine, Wood. 
 
 200 Walnut, I-ocust. 
 
 400 Callowhill, Willow. 
 
 300 Spruce, Union. 
 
 — Noble, Margaretta. 
 
 400 Pine. 
 
 500 Buttonwood. 
 
 500 Lombard, Gaskill. 
 
 — Spring Garden. 
 
 600 South. 
 
 600 Green. 
 
 700 Bainbridge. 
 
 — Mount Vernon. 
 
 — Monroe. 
 
 - Wallace, Melon. 
 
 — Fitzwater, German 
 
 700 Fairraouiit Avenue. 
 
 800 Catharine, Queen. 
 
 - Olive. 
 
 900 Christian, Marriott. 
 
 800 Brown, Parrish. 
 
 1000 Carpenter. 
 
 — Ogden. 
 
 1100 Washington. 
 
 900 Poplar, Laurel. 
 
 — Ellsworth. 
 
 — Beaver, George. 
 
 1200 Federal, Marion. 
 
 1200 Girard Avenue, Stiles. 
 
 1300 Wharton. 
 
 1300 Thompson, Seybert. 
 
 1400 Reed. 
 
 1400 Master. 
 
 1500 Dickinson. 
 
 1500 JeflFerson. 
 
 — Greenwich. 
 
 1600 Oxford. 
 
 1600 Tasker. 
 
 1700 Columbia Avenue. 
 
 1700 Morris, Pierce. 
 
 1800 Montgomery Avenue. 
 
 1800 Moore, Siegel. 
 
 1900 Berks. 
 
 1900 Mifflin. 
 
 2000 Norris, Otis. 
 
 2000 McKean. 
 
 2100 Diamond. 
 
 2100 Snyder. 
 
 2200 Susquehanna. 
 
 2200 Jackson. 
 
 2300 Dauphin. 
 
 2300 Wolf. 
 
 2400 York. 
 
 2400 Ritner. 
 
 2500 Cumberland. 
 
 2500 Porter. 
 
 2600 Huntingdon. 
 
 2600 Shunk. 
 
 2700 Lehigh Avenue. 
 
 2700 Oregon Avenue. 
 
 2.800 Somerset. 
 
 2,800 Johnson. 
 
 2900 Cumbria. 
 
 2900 Bigler. 
 
 3000 Indiana. 
 
 3000 Pollock, 
 
 3100 Clearfield. 
 
 3100 Packer. 
 
 3200 Alleghany. 
 
 3200 Curtin. 
 
 The regular arrangement of streets, as well as the uniformity in the size and 
 style of the dwelling-houses, gives to the city, generally, a very orderly ap- 
 pearance. Ornamental fountains, of various designs, adorn the streets and 
 parks in different parts of the city. Seventy-three of these were erected by the 
 Fountain Society, and seven by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals. 
 
 The original plan of Philadelphia included five public squares, viz, Penn 
 Square, containing ten acres, located at the intersection of Market and Broad 
 Sts., in the centre of the city, and one in each of the four sections, eight acres in 
 extent. The names and locations of these are as follows: Logan Square, in the 
 northwest section, bounded by Race, Vine, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Sts.; 
 Rittenhouse Square, in the southwest section, bounded by Walnut, Locust, 
 Eighteenth and Nineteenth Sts.; Franklin Square, in the northeast section, 
 bounded by Sixth, Franklin, Race, and Vine Sts.; Washington Square, in the 
 southeast section, bounded by Sixth, Seventh, Walnut, and Locust Sts. In addi- 
 
36 PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 tion to these, there are Independence Square, on which stands Independence 
 Hall and other public buildings. It is bounded by Fifth and Sixth, Chestnut and 
 Walnut Sts.; Jefferson Square, bounded by Third, Fourth, and Federal Sts. 
 and Washington Avenue ; Norris Square, presented to the city by Mr. Isaac 
 P. Norris, bounded by Susquelianna Avenue, Hancock, Diamond, and How- 
 ard Sts. 
 
 PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 Herewith is given a list of interesting buildings arranged in consec- 
 utive order by streets, each of the great thoroughfares with enough 
 such structures to warrant it having a distinct title. By starting at 
 the end of the street indicated, the leading buildings can be identified 
 in regular succession by the description. This article only considers 
 buildings as such, but when circumstances warrant it, the association 
 or company owning a building is described in its proper classification. 
 Leading structures not on the great streets are classified as miscel- 
 laneous, and historic buildings have a distinct place. 
 
 CHESTNUT STREET. 
 
 This thoroughfare will naturally be regarded by the visitor as pecul- 
 iarly representative of the city, because of its fine buildings and 
 busy aspect. Beginning with the Chestnut St. Wharf, on the Dela- 
 ware River, the visitor, in passing westward, climbs the steep ascent 
 leading to Front St., which still reminds one of the "high and dry 
 bank" described by Penn. Both sides of the way, to Third St. are 
 filled by the wholesale dry -goods houses. Turning to the left at Second 
 St., the Commercial Exchange is seen, which was erected in 1870, on 
 the site of the former exchange burned the previous year. This build- 
 ing, which is of brown-stone, in Roman-Gothic architecture, also 
 marks the spot where stood the Slate Roof House, — Penn's resi- 
 dence in 1699. Opposite the Exchange is the plain, substantial, and 
 fire-proof building, containing the United States Appraiser's Stores. 
 
 The Western Union Telegraph Company has offices in the five- 
 story building on the southeast corner of Third St., opposite which is 
 the office of the Public Record. The banking centre of the city is at 
 Chestnut and Third Sts. The last named is the Wall St. of Phila- 
 delphia, and on it are located the offices of various leading bankers. 
 The massive building with the portico of Corinthian columns, on the 
 west side of the street, is the Girard Bank. It was erected 1795, for 
 the First Bank of the United States, and generally known as the " Great 
 Bank," whose charter expired in 1811. The following year it was 
 purchased by Stephen Girard, and, up to the time of his death, was 
 used by him as his banking office. The Tradesmen's National Bank 
 occupies the New Hampshire granite building nearly opposite. 
 
PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 37 
 
 Turning again into Chestnut St., tlie visitor will notice on the south 
 side the structure of the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 
 built of pressed brick, with Ohio stone trimmings. It is grand and 
 beautiful in design, and has a depth of 198 feet with a frontage of 
 nearly sixty feet. The brown-stone building on the north side of the 
 street, in the Florentine style, is the Bank of North America. The 
 white marble building beyond this, built in the Italian style, is the 
 Fidelity Safe Deposit and Insurance Company. The iron building on 
 Fourth St. below Chestnut, is the Provident Life and Trust Company. 
 On the south side of Chestnut, between Fourth and Fifth, stands the 
 Custom House. The building, said to be one of the best specimens of 
 Doric architecture in the country, w^as finished in 1824 at a cost of 
 over $500,000. The Post Office adjoins this on the west. The city's 
 increasing demands have outgrown the present postal facilities, and a 
 new building is in process of erection at the corner of Chestnut and 
 Ninth Sts., which will be of the following dimensions : 428 feet in 
 length, with a depth of 152 feet, and four stories in height. Its esti- 
 mated cost is 116,000,000. 
 
 The cluster of bank buildings opposite the Custom House is the 
 finest group of structures in the city. Their heavy granite and marble 
 fronts present an exceedingly imposing appearance. They are occu- 
 pied by the Philadelphia National Bank, the Farmers" and Mechanics' 
 Bank, Pennsylvania Life Insurance and Annuity Company, People's 
 Bank, and Philadelphia Trust and Safe Deposit Company. 
 
 The Philadelphia Library is located in Fifth St. below Chestnut. 
 For full description of this building see page 52. 
 
 Independence Hall, described on page 43, forms the centre of what 
 is termed " State House Row," which contains the various municipal 
 offices. Opposite is the American Hotel. 
 
 The commanding structure on the southwest corner of Sixth and 
 Chestnut Sts. is the Ledger Building. The brown-stone building on 
 the north side, between Seventh and Eighth Sts., which next attracts 
 attention, is the old Masonic Temple. In its day it was regarded as 
 the finest structure of its kind in the country. 
 
 At the corner of Ninth St. is the hotel of Philadelphia, the Conti- 
 nental, a large and sightly structure, which accommodates 1,200 guests. 
 Immediately opposite is the Girard House, with accommodations for 
 800 visitors. From Ninth to Eleventh Sts. are elegant stores, perhaps 
 unequaled in point of beauty by any in the city. 
 
 One of the handsomest buildings for business purposes in Phila- 
 delphia is the splendid granite structure of the Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company, on the northwest corner of Tenth St. The Mercantile Library, 
 described on page 52, is just in the rear of the above, on Tenth St., and 
 facing it is St. Stephen's Church, noted for the magnificent statuary it 
 contains and its chime of bells. 
 
 Resuming the walk on Chestnut St., many fine stores will be no- 
 ticed ; among them being the art galleries of C. F. Haseltine : at 1122 
 
38 PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 the American Sunday School Union ; while at the southeast corner of 
 Twelfth is the splendid jewelry store of Bailey & Co., one of the largest 
 in the city. The building containing it was erected by Dr. S. S. White, 
 who carries on in it the manufacture and sale of dental instruments 
 and materials. 
 
 Above Twelfth St. is the Chestnut St. Theatre and Concert Hall. 
 Above Thirteenth St., on the corner of Juniper, is the United States 
 Mint. Its architecture, in imitation of an old Athenian temple, is of 
 the Ionic order, and it is built of white marble. The objects of inter- 
 est to the visitor are the various coining processes and the extensive 
 and valuable collection of coins and medals, among which may be 
 seen specimens dating back 700 years B. C Courteous ushers are in 
 attendance, to show the stranger through the building, which is open 
 from 9 till 12 o'clock daily, Saturday and Sunday excepted. The 
 handsome four story edifice nearly opposite the Mint is the Pres- 
 byterian Publishing House. 
 
 Beyond Broad St., on the lower corner of Fifteenth, is the commodi- 
 ous and elegant new building of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion. Across Fifteenth St. is the Colonnade Hotel, recently erected 
 to meet the increasing demand for hotel accommodations in the upper 
 part of the city. The Church of the Epiphany, immediately opposite, 
 is one of the largest churches of the Episcopal denomination. Chest- 
 nut St. above this point to the Schuylkill is adorned by the costly 
 residences of wealthy citizens. Most prominent of these is the ele- 
 gant marble mansion at the corner of Nineteenth St., erected by the 
 late Dr. Jayne at a cost of over f 300,000. 
 
 WALNUT STEEET. 
 
 The lower portion of this street is the centre of the coal trade and 
 insurance business. The first building that meets the eye in passing 
 west from Front St. is a large, four story structure of brown-stone, 
 at the corner of Second St., entirely occupied by the offices of coal 
 firms. This square is known as " Anthracite Block."' The marble 
 building standing on a triangle bounded by Third, Dock, and AVal- 
 nut Sts. is the Merchants' Exchange. The Board of Brokers occupy 
 the rotunda of the building. The fine building on the southeast 
 corner of Third St. is the property of the Delaware Mutual Safety 
 Insurance Company. Side by side, on the east side of Fourth side 
 out of Walnut, are the capacious buildings occupied by -the Penn- 
 sylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad companies. Be- 
 tween Fifth and Sixth Sts. is Independence Square, and above Sixth St., 
 on the left, Washington square the old Potter's Field. At the east en- 
 trance, on Sixth St. is the AthenEeum, opened in 1847. On the 
 Seventh St. side of the square stands the first fountain erected by the 
 Philadelphia Fountain Society. The elegant granite building on the 
 corner of Walnut St. and West Washington Square is that of the 
 Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, established in 1816. Its pat- 
 
PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 39 
 
 rons number 39,000, and their aggregate deposits amount to over 
 $10,000,000. 
 
 At the northeast corner of Ninth stands the Walnut St. Theatre, 
 one of the most popular places of amusement in Philadelphia, and 
 just below this is the Grand Central Variety Theatre. The church 
 on the corner of Twelfth St. is the Tenth Presbyterian. At the north- 
 east corner of Broad St., surrounded by handsome grounds, stands the 
 " Dundas Mansion, •■ now occupied by Joshua Lippincott. Ritten- 
 house Square between Eighteenth and Nineteenth Sts. is the centre of 
 one of the most aristocratic parts of the city. Specially noticeable 
 among the many fined wellings in this vicinity are the residences of 
 Joseph Harrison, Jr., fronting the east side of the square, that of John 
 Rice, at the corner of Twenty-first St. and Walnut, and at Twenty- 
 second St. that of Geo. W. Childs of the " Public Ledger.-' Holy 
 Trinity Church, occupying the northwest corner of Nineteenth and 
 Walnut Sts., was erected fifteen years since. It is considered unsur- 
 passed for interior beauty by any Episcopal Church in the country. 
 Two squares above stands the Second Presbyterian Church. Walnut 
 St. strikes the Schulykill at Thirty-first St. 
 
 MARKET STREET. 
 
 This fine thoroughfare, which is one hundred feet wide, is the rail- 
 road street of Philadelphia. The tracks laid in it connect the depots 
 in the heart of the city with the main rail-lines running out from it, 
 and afford unusual facilities for the handling of heavy freight. The 
 lower portion of Market St. is the wholesale dry goods centre. In 
 passing along this busy avenue, which is closely built up for a dis- 
 tance of five miles, many commodious buildings are seen, though but 
 few of them are worthy of special note. Pausing a moment at Second 
 St., which is one of the oldest and longest in the city, the visitor 
 catches a glimpse of the Chatham Street of Philadelphia. Almost 
 every conceivable species of traffic is carried on within its limits. 
 Grocery, dry goods, and clothing, hardware, furniture, and confection- 
 ery stores stand side by side, without the slightest regard to regularity, 
 and mingled with these is a plentiful supply of beer saloons, and 
 here and there a "museum." The prominent building on Mar- 
 ket St., at the corner of Sixth St., is " Oak Hall," a great clothing 
 establishment. This building stands on. historic ground, occupying 
 the former site of the dwelling of Robert Morris and the Presidential 
 Mansion of Washington and Adams. 
 
 The tall white building conspicuous above Sixth St. is occupied by 
 Garden and Co., hat dealers. On the next square rises the mammoth 
 printing and publishing establishment of J. B. Lippincott and Co. 
 Hood, Bonbright, and Co., dry goods importers and jobbers, occupy an 
 extensive store above Eighth. The Bingham House, on the corner of 
 Eleventh St., is the third hotel of the city in size. It presents a 
 pleasing exterior, and is a well kept house. The Farmers' Market is 
 
40 PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 the noticeable feature of the next square, and opposite is the establish- 
 ment of S. F. Whitman and Son, the well-known candy manufact- 
 urers. 
 
 The neAv Public Building in process of erection on what was origin- 
 ally Penn Square, at the intersection of Market and Broad Streets, will 
 be, when completed, one of the largest and finest buildings in the 
 country. Its cost is estimated at $10,000,000, while the time required 
 for construction Avill not be less than ten years. The east and west 
 fronts of the building are 486| feet in length, and the north and south 
 fronts, 470 feet from end to end. It coders, exclusive of the court- 
 yard in its centre, 200 feet square, an area of about four and one half 
 acres, and will contain 520 rooms. Above the first story, which is of 
 granite, the outside walls will be white marble, while those facing the 
 court are to be composed of light blue marble. The structure, which 
 presents in a modified form the Renaissance style of architecture, will 
 be finished with a lofty and highly decorated tower surmounted by a 
 massive dome. Between this point and the bridge at Twenty-fourth St. 
 may be noticed the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad depot at Fifteenth 
 St. ; Adams Express Company's new office, Sixteenth and Market ; Cen- 
 tral Market at Seventeenth St Below Eighteenth St., the Polytechnic 
 College ; on the corner above it, the Media and West Chester Freight 
 Depot; at Nineteenth St., the Nineteenth St. Market; and the Gas 
 Works at Twenty-third St. Crossing the bridge, the passenger depots 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad are seen between Thirty-first and Thirty- 
 second Sts. The thoroughfare is stretching westward rapidly, and 
 the Market St. line of horse cars now runs to Forty -first St. 
 
 ARCH STREET. 
 
 Parallel with Market St., and one square north, is Arch St., which, 
 although a broad avenue, and occupied below Tenth St. almost ex- 
 clusively for business purposes, lacks entirely the bustling appearance 
 of the former. 
 
 The old Friends Meeting House, built in 1808, is noticed standing 
 back from the street, and surrounded by a yard of some extent, on the 
 south side, above Third St. Christ Church burying ground is at the 
 corner of Fifth St., and directly opposite is the old building contain- 
 ing Apprentices Library (see page 52). Passing onward, the Arch St. 
 Theatre presents its marble front between Fifth and Sixth Sts. This 
 building, accommodating about 1,800 persons, is a favorite place of 
 amusement. Beyond it, above Seventh St., is the St Cloud Hotel, a fine 
 brown-stone structure. The location is central, and the house well 
 kept. Still farther west, at Ninth St., is Wood's Museum, and on the 
 corner of Tenth St. stands the Arch Street Opera House. Opposite is 
 the Fifth Presbyterian Church. The Methodist Book Rooms are in 
 the sightly building on the south side above Tenth St. Business has 
 not yet gone beyond this point, and the remainder of the street is 
 occupied by commodious dwellings which vary but little in general 
 appearance. 
 
PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 41 
 
 BROAD STREET. 
 
 This thoroughfare amply justifies its title, having a breadth of 120 
 feet, and is destined to become the finest avenue in Philadelphia. 
 There are to be seen upon both sides of this highway many beautiful 
 structures deserving of special mention. 
 
 Starting from the southern section of the street, a Prime St., re- 
 cently named Washington Avenue, the visitor will fii-st notice the depot 
 of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, commonly 
 known as the " Baltimore Depot," which is reached by the Thirteenth 
 and Fifteenth St. cars, or the green cars of the Union line. To the north 
 of the depot are to be seen many fine churches. Above the depot, be- 
 tween Christian and Carpenter Sts., appears the partially completed 
 granite building of the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia Library. 
 This noble structure is being erected in conformity with a bequest 
 by Dr. Benjamin Rush, and when finished will cost f 1,500,000. 
 
 The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, on the corner of Pine St., was incor- 
 porated in 1821. A square above this is one of the handsomest of the 
 city churches, the " Beth Eden "' Baptist Church. Just beyond this 
 building is Horticultural Hall, erected in 1868 at a cost of about 
 $150,000. Its front is adorned with a handsome portico, and is so closely 
 adjoining the Academy of Music that the two edifices may be connected 
 and used in common. The Academy was erected in 1857, and is popular 
 with all .the prominent actors, musicians, and lecturers appearing in 
 this country. Its audience room is 102 feet long, 90 feet wide, and 70 
 feet high, and has seating capacity for 2,900 people. Its acoustic qual- 
 ities are unsurpassed, and general arrangement excellent. 
 
 Above Walnut St. appears the building of the Union League Club. 
 It is a handsome edifice of brick, with stone trimmings, in the Renais- 
 sance style. It was completed in May, 1865, at a cost, including fur- 
 niture, of about 1^200,000. 
 
 The Academy of Natural Sciences is on the corner of Sansom St. 
 Its present building is inadequate to meet the needs of the institution, 
 and a new one is to be erected at the corner of Race and Nineteenth 
 Sts. A description of its extensive and varied zoological, geological, 
 and botanical collection, its valuable library, is given on page 48. 
 
 Adjacent to the Academy of Natural Sciences is the La Pierre House, 
 noted as one of the best hotels. It accommodates 250 guests. Near 
 Chestnut St. are two Presbyterian churches, one above, the other be- 
 low, and a little farther north is the New City Hall, already described 
 in Market St. 
 
 On North Broad St., opposite the City Hall, the great object of 
 attraction is the New Masonic Temple. It is a colossal and magnifi- 
 cent structure in pure Norman architecture, 250 feet in length, 150 
 feet in depth, with a side elevation of 90 feet ; and is flanked by 
 massive towers, the larger one being 230 feet in height. It is de- 
 voted entirely to the uses of the Order, and contains nine lodge rooms, 
 
42 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 a library, and officers" apartments. Tlie Oriental Hall, in this build- 
 ing, is very gorgeous ; and the Egyptian Hall is a marvelous re- 
 production of the ancient architecture of the land of the Pharaohs. 
 The Grand Banqueting Hall, central in the building, is 105 feet long 
 by 50 in width, and capable of seating 500 persons. ■ The cost of this 
 structure was $1,540,000. Visitors are admitted only on Thursdays, 
 and not then unless the weather be clear. 
 
 The Arch Street M. E. Church adjoins the Masonic Temple, and is 
 the finest edifice of that sect in Philadelphia. The intersection of 
 Broad and Arch Sts. is noticeable for its group of churches, as in addi- 
 tion to the above M. E. Church, there is the First Baptist Church, of 
 brown-stone, on the northwest corner, and the Lutheran Church, built 
 of green syenite, on the southwest corner. 
 
 The new Academy of Fine Arts is in course of erection at Broad 
 and Cherry Sts., and will be a very beautiful specimen of modified 
 Gothic architecture. It has a front on Broad St. of 100 feet, and a 
 depth on Cherry of 258 feet. The building will cost about $300,000. 
 (See page 51). 
 
 The passenger depot of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad is at 
 Callowhill St., and above it, on the opposite side, are the Baldwin 
 Locomotive Works, said to be among the largest and oldest of the kind 
 in the world. They are well worth a visit. 
 
 Above Spring Garden St., on the east side, is the brown-stone struct- 
 ure of the North Broad Street Presbyterian Church. Adjoining it is 
 the Boys' Central High School. The synagogue Rodef Shalom, be- 
 yond it, is a fine specimen of the Saracenic architecture. Its highly 
 ornamented walls are of various colored sandstones, and its dome is in 
 the style of an eastern mosque. 
 
 The section from Fairmount Avenue to Columbia presents a number 
 of fine residences, conspicuous among which are the dwellings of 
 Richard Smith, above Master St., and Henry Disston, beyond Jefferson. 
 Diagonally opposite the Forrest mansion, which contains the valu- 
 able art treasures of the deceased tragedian, there is a fine church 
 building, the Memorial Baptist. It is built of green stone, with light 
 stone trimmings. On the corner above, at Jefferson St., stands the 
 Episcopal Church of the Incarnation, and other fine buildings. Mont- 
 gomery Avenue is about the present building limit of Broad St. 
 
 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 Philadelphia can boast of as many relics of the early history of our 
 country as any other city of the Union ; and her citizens are justly 
 proud of the ancient landmarks, suggestive as they are of the men and 
 events of the past. 
 
HISTORIC BUILDINGS. 43 
 
 INDEPENDENCE HALL. 
 
 This old and revered building is situated on the south side of Chest- 
 nut St., between Fifth and Sixth. Here, in the memorable east room. 
 Independence Chamber, was adopted and signed by the second Conti- 
 nental Congress, the Declaration of Independence, on the 4th of July, 
 1776. The Hall and its furniture have been religiously preserved, and 
 it appears much the same as in its early days. Here may be seen a 
 copy of the original draft of the Declaration, in Jefferson's handwrit- 
 ing, interlined by Franklin and Adams. Upon the walls are portraits 
 of some of its signers. The table on which it was signed, also the 
 chair occupied by John Hancock, President of the Congress, stand 
 upon a raised dais at the eastern end of the room ; and hanging from 
 the ceiling is the chandelier in use during the sessions of the Conti- 
 nental Congress. 
 
 The old bell that summoned the people to hear the declaration read, 
 reposes in the entrance hall, cracked and silent though suggestive. 
 The remarkable motto upon it should be noticed. 
 
 In the west room, on the ground floor, opposite Independence 
 Chamber, is a large collection of interesting historic relics. Noticeable 
 among these are the original stamp used under the notorious Stamp 
 Act, and the first charter of the city of Philadelphia. This mu- 
 seum is free to the public from 9 till 1 o'clock daily. A fine view of 
 the city is obtained from the steeple which surmounts this building. 
 
 CARPENTERS' HALL. 
 
 The patriotic visitor should not fail to see this venerable historic 
 structure, located in Carpenters' Court, on the south side of Chestnut 
 St., below Fourth. Within its walls was convened the first Continental 
 Congress in 1774, whose deliberations resulted two years later in the 
 Declaration of Independence. 
 
 The building derives its name from the Carpenters' Society, and its 
 erection in 1770 was intended to further their interests, but its central 
 location led to its being used for many other public and private pur- 
 poses, until it was reclaimed bj' the patriotism of the society, and 
 restored as nearly as possible to its original condition. The Hall to- 
 day presents the same general appearance that it did in 1774. Among 
 the relics to be seen here is the journal of the First Congress, and 
 many ancient documents relating to early national history. The Car- 
 penters- Company, whose primal object was " to obtain instruction 
 in the science of architecture,"' and " the adoption of such a system of 
 measurement and prices that every one concerned in building might 
 have the value of his money, and every workman the worth of his 
 money," has existed since 1724. 
 
 SWEDES' CHURCH. 
 
 On Swanson St., below Christian, easily reached by the Second and 
 Third St. cars, is located the oldest church in Philadelphia. This 
 
44 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 ancient edifice was built in 1700, and dedicated by Eric Biork. For 
 thirty years from that date its ministers were sent from Sweden, and 
 some of the interior decoration brouglit from that country is still to 
 be seen there. In the cemetery just without its walls are to be found 
 gravestones of all dates from 1706 down to the present. The oldest 
 one has this inscription : " Here lyeth ye body of Peter Sandel, son of 
 Andrew Sandel, minister of this Church, who died April ye 21st, 
 1706." Here, also, in harmony with the wish that over his grave the 
 birds might sing, sleeps Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH (Episcopal). 
 
 On the same site as the first house of worship built by the followers 
 of Penn, on Second St., north of Market, stands Christ Church. The 
 present structure, begun in 1727, was finally completed in 1754. The 
 associations awakened by this old landmark are many and varied ; 
 it was Washington's usual place of worship when in Philadelphia, and 
 beneath its aisles are buried men famous in the olden days. 
 
 The spire of this building should certainly be visited, not only 
 for the fine view it affords, but because it contains a chime of eight 
 bells, brought fx-om England in 1754. One of them bears the quaint 
 inscription : " Christ Church, Phila., 1754. Thomas Lester and Thomas 
 Peck, of London, made us all.'" 
 
 In the burial ground adjoining the church lie the remains of Robert 
 Morris and Bishop White, while the Old Christ Church Burial Ground, 
 at the corner of Fifth and Arch Sts., holds the ashes of Franklin, 
 Peyton Randolph, and Francis Hopkinson. 
 
 The gravestone of Franklin and his wife, which is visible from the 
 street, bears the simple inscription : — 
 Benjamin 1 
 
 _ )■ Franklin. 
 
 Deborah, 
 
 1790. J 
 Other monuments than this, however, recall more forcibly his name 
 and influence. Among them are the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadel- 
 phia Library, American Philosophical Society, and the University of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 PENN'S COTTAGE. 
 
 This structure, the first brick building erected in the city, was boailt 
 in 1682, and occupied by Penn on his arrival in the country. Its loca- 
 tion is in Letitia St., which runs from Market to Chestnut St., between 
 Front and Second Sts. 
 
 LONDON COFFEE HOUSE. 
 
 In the immediate vicinity of Penn's Cottage, at the corner of Front 
 and Market Sts , is a small brick house, now used as a tobacco store, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 
 
 45 
 
 but which a hundred years since was a meeting place for the distin- 
 guished men of that day, wliere daily discussions, political and other- 
 wise, were held. The only stimulus the house aiforded was coffee. 
 
 THE PENN TKEATY MONUMENT. 
 The spot where stood the great elm-tree under which William Penn 
 ratified his treaty with the Indians, is marked by a simple shaft, that 
 stands on the east side of Beach St. , above Hanover, and bears this 
 inscription : — 
 
 Treaty Ground 
 
 of 
 WM. PENN 
 
 and the 
 
 Indian Nation, 
 
 1682. 
 
 Unbroken Faith. 
 
 WM. I'ENN. 
 
 Born 1C44. 
 
 Died 1-18. 
 
 Placed by the 
 
 PENN SOCIETY, 
 
 A. D. 1827, 
 
 to mark the site 
 
 of the 
 Great Elm Tree. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 founded 
 
 By deeds of Peace. 
 
 The wampum, signalizing the treaty, and given bythe Indians to 
 Penn, is among the other curious and interesting relics in possession 
 of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. 
 
 ST. PETER'S CHURCH (Episcopal). 
 This venerable edifice stands at the corner of Third and Pine Sts. 
 It was originally a chapel of Christ Church, and resembled that build- 
 ing in many of its quaint features. It was begun in 1758, and com- 
 pleted in 1761. It was for a time in possession of the British during 
 the Revolution, by whom portions of its woodwork were used for 
 firewood. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH (R. C). 
 
 The Jesuits founded this church in 1733, and first built a small 
 wooden structure on the site of the present edifice, which was erected 
 in 1838. It stands in Willings Alley, out of Fourth St., overshadowed 
 by the Reading Railroad building. It was in this old church that 
 Congress assembled to tender thanks to France, through Lafayette, 
 for her valuable assistance in the dark hours of our Revolutionary 
 struggle. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS 
 ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 AND 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Prominent among the many fine buildings deserving of par- 
 ticular mention is the University of Pennsylvania, located at the 
 
46 MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 
 
 intersection of Thirty-sixth St., Darby Road, and Locust St. 
 The structures composing the group embraced under the above 
 general title are justly celebrated, not only for their architectural 
 finish, but also for their unequaled educational facilities. The 
 University includes academical, collegiate, medical, and law de- 
 partments. The building erected for the departments of Arts 
 and Sciences covers more than six acres, and is one of the largest 
 and best adapted college buildings in the United States. Though 
 the students in both departments are under the same discipline, 
 the course of instruction differs somewhat in each, and each has 
 its separate faculty. The lecture-rooms of the Law Department 
 are in the building of the Arts and Science Department, while 
 the Department of Medicine has a very large and commodious 
 structure containing a laboratory,^ lecture-rooms, museum, and 
 all the modern appliances for scientific investigation. Near this 
 building is the Hospital, — given b}' the city to the University, 
 which accommodates over 150 patients, and affords ample means 
 for clinical instruction. 
 
 On the remaining front of the square occupied by the Univer- 
 sity buildings, it is proposed to erect a library in the same gen- 
 eral style of architecture, which if finished will make the total 
 cost of this grand University aggregate more than $1,500,0(0. 
 
 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. 
 
 On Eighteenth St., opposite Logan Square, is the stately Ca- 
 thedral of St. Peter and St. Paul. The corner-stone, a blotk of 
 white marble weighing one and a half tons, was laid Septem- 
 ber 6, 1846, the building was completed and dedicated in 1864, 
 and its cost was upwards of a million dollars. It is 216 feet loug^ 
 136 feet wide, and over 100 feet high from the pavement to the 
 summit of the pediment ; its immense dome is 71 feet in diam- 
 eter, and more than 210 feet in height. The interior is of Ro- 
 man Corinthian architecture, and exceedingh' rich in color^ 
 the general effect of which is enhanced b}^ the introduction from 
 above of all the light entering the building, there being no side 
 windows. The interior is ornamented with a fresco of the Cru- 
 cifixion, a painting of four of the Apostles, medallions of the four 
 Evangelists, a painting of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, 
 and representations, in the transept, of the Nativity and the Ado- 
 ration of the Magi. 
 
 A portico of four great columns 60 feet high forms the facade, 
 and engraved on the frieze are the words, "Ad Majorem Dei 
 Gloriam." 
 
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 47 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 
 
 In one of the handsomest sections of the city, on the square 
 bounded by Spruce, Pine, Eighth and Ninth Sts., stands the 
 Pennsylvania Hospital, established in 1750. It consists of a 
 central structure, with wings on either side. Its length from 
 east to west is 281 feet, its front 64 feet; and its general ap- 
 pearance is very venerable. It has admitted, since its founda- 
 tion, about 100,000 patients, half of whom it has treated gra- 
 tuitously. 
 
 BLIND ASYLUM. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind 
 is situated at the junction of Race and Twentieth Sts. It was 
 founded in 1833, and is the only institution of the kind in Phil- 
 adelphia. The building is a plain but capacious edifice, accom- 
 modating daily about 200 pupils. There are three divisions in 
 the Institution, namely, the literary, musical, and work depart- 
 ments. The concerts given by the pupils every Wednesday 
 afternoon indicate much musical proficiency, and are well worth 
 hearing. The admission fee is 15 cents. 
 
 GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 This institution is one of the most interesting places to visit 
 in the city of Philadelpl)ia. It was founded by Stephen Girard, 
 an eccentric Frenchman, for many years a citizen of Phila- 
 delphia, who died, leaving a fortune valued at $9,000,000. 
 The foundation of the college is his residuary estate, Avhich on 
 January 1, 1875, amounted to S6, 104,862, from which there Avas 
 an income for the preceding year (including a balance at the 
 first of the year of $38,487) of $798,399, of which there was ex- 
 pended on account of the college $174,073, and $564,912, for ex- 
 penses of the estate and re-investment. 
 
 The buildings are the main college building and several dor- 
 mitories, all built of white marble. The main building occupies 
 the highest point in the grounds and was completed in 1847. It 
 is a magnificent, specimen of Corinthian architecture, conceded 
 to be the finest in the United States. The architect was Thomas 
 U. Walter, who also planned the later additions and remodeling 
 of the Capitol at Washington. The roof, which is of solid stone, 
 commands a fine view of the city and surrounding country. 
 
 The purposes of the College are the care and maintenance of 
 white male orphans born in Pennsylvania, who are admitted be- 
 
48 MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 
 
 tween the ages of six and ten years and are kept until eighteen 
 unless sooner apprenticed to some trade. The capacity of the in- 
 stitution is 550, and it has for some years been full. The course 
 of instruction, which is arranged for eight years, includes the 
 English and scientitic branches, modern languages, and manual 
 labor in various trades, as carpentry, shoe-making, and gardening. 
 
 The grounds embrace over forty acres, are tastefully laid out, 
 surrounded by a high and substantial stone wall, and contain a 
 monument to the graduates of the Institution who died in the 
 late civil war. 
 
 In the main building there is a fine statue of the founder, and 
 in a room known as Girard's Room are preserved books, articles 
 of clothing and other relics of his personal effects. 
 
 By the terms of the bequest no clergyman is permitted to enter 
 the buildings or grounds. 
 
 Location, Ridge Avenue and Eighteenth St. Tickets of ad- 
 mission can be had at the Ledger Office. 
 
 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 On Fifth St. opposite Independence Square is the quaint and 
 ancient structure in which this Association has its rooms. The 
 organization had its infancy in the "Junto" for mutual im- 
 provement formed in 1727 through the efforts of Benjamin 
 Franklin, who in 1743 proposed a large society for " the promo- 
 tion of useful knowledge among the British Provinces of North 
 America." Another society, formed in 1750, for the pursuit of 
 natural history, philosophy, sciences, and morals, was united 
 with the above in 1769, and the two were incorporated March 
 15, 1780, as " The American Philosophical Society for the Pro- 
 motion of Useful Knowledge." The site of the present struct- 
 ure was given to the society by the State, and the building was 
 erected in 1789. It has a library of about 20,000 volumes, 
 and in its interesting collection of relics is preserved the original 
 draft of the Declaration of Independence, drawn b}' Thomas 
 Jefferson. 
 
 The building is free to visitors. 
 
 ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 This society is at present located in an unpretentious and in- 
 adequate building at the corner of Broad and Sansom Sts., but a 
 new and larger structure is soon to be erected at Nineteenth and 
 Race Sts. The Academy, which was incorporated in 1817, has 
 
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 49 
 
 in its possession a library of more than 23,000 volumes ; and its 
 museum of natural curiosities representing upwards of 250,000 
 specimens, is said to be the largest in extent and variety in the 
 world. In the latter are embraced more than 70,000 species of 
 plants, 25,000 species of insects, 2,000 species of fishes, 800 species 
 of reptiles, 37,000 birds, 1,000 mammals, 900 skeletons, and 65,000 
 fossils, so that ever}^ department of zoology, botany, geology, 
 etc., is abundantly illustrated and will richly repay a visit. The 
 Academy affords gratuitous instruction in natural science to a 
 number of students, and its published " Journal " and " Proceed- 
 ings," comprising some thirty-nine volumes, are widely read by 
 scientific men. 
 
 The building is open to the public on Tuesday and Thursday 
 afternoons, at an entrance fee of ten cents. 
 
 SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN. 
 
 This institution was founded by Mrs. Peter, in 1848, and Its 
 purpose is to give gratuitous instruction to women in all branches 
 of mechanical drawing. The constant demand in manufact- 
 uring cities for new and ornamental designs, gives ample and 
 enjoyable employment to the women whom this school has gen- 
 erously qualified to earn an honorable and artistic living. There 
 are eight instructors and about 160 pupils. The building is sit- 
 uated at the corner of Filbert and Merrick Sts. Open to visitors 
 Mondays from 10 to 12 a. m. 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 This society, which occupies a building on Spruce St., between 
 Eighth and Ninth, originated in 1825 and is the guardian of the 
 city's archives. Its membership numbers 600, and its library' 
 contains 15,000 volumes; its collection of pamphlets amounts to 
 80,000 ; while it also possesses a galler}' of 101 modern paintings, 
 many engravings and MSS., the latter including Penn's collec- 
 tion, and almost innumerable and valuable relics; among which 
 is one of the oldest printing presses in the country, a number of 
 books printed on it as earh^ as 1748, and the " Great Wampum 
 Belt" given in treaty by the Indians to William Penn in 1688. 
 Among the valuable historic facts brought to light by the labors 
 of this society, it may be mentioned that Philadelphia was the 
 first city on the continent to print the Bible, which was done in 
 1687-8 ; and first, in 1689, to insist on the freedom of the press 
 as opposed to the arbitrary' exercise of power. 
 4 
 
50 MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS. 
 
 HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
 
 This organization, the first and one of the most enterprising 
 of the Ivind in the country*, founded in 1827, is now estaljlished 
 in Horticultural Hall, on Broad St., adjoining the Academy of 
 Music. The building was erected in 1868, and cost about 
 $150,000. The annual exhibitions of the society have always 
 attracted a large share of public attention, the displays of flow- 
 ers and fruits being very popular with the best classes of Phila- 
 delphia society. 
 
 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 
 
 This society occupies a plain building on the east side of 
 Seventh St., near Chestnut. The institution was incorporated 
 in 1824, for the "promotion and encouragement of manufactures 
 and the mechanic and useful arts by popular lectures, by the 
 formation of a library, with a cabinet of models and minerals, 
 by offering premiums on all subjects deemed worthy of encour- 
 agement, and by examining all inventions submitted to them." 
 The institute has greatly furthered the ends of science, and its 
 membership includes retired men of wealth, as well as working 
 mechanics. In its lecture-room, addresses on all the various 
 sciences are delivered, and its library contains some 15,000 vol- 
 umes. The high reputation of the Journal of the Institute is 
 well known, and it is said to be the oldest mechanical period- 
 ical printed in this country. 
 
 Among the relics in its museum is the celebrated astronomical 
 clock made by David Rittenhouse. 
 
 NAVAL ASYLUM. 
 
 This edifice was erected in 1832 by the government, and is a 
 home for worn-out sailors. It is located on Gray's Ferry Road 
 below South St., and is reached by the Pine St. cars. The in- 
 mates of the Asylum number about 130, and include many who 
 participated in the war of 1812 and in the late civil Avar. They 
 are supported at an annual expense to the government of 
 $65,000. 
 
 The principal building is three stories high, 380 feet long, and 
 150 feet deep; and in the rear of it is a fine large structure built 
 during the late war for the care of sick and wounded sailors, at 
 a cost of about $200,000. The grounds surrounding the build- 
 ings are extensive and ornamental, and are kept in perfect order. 
 
ART. 51 
 
 THE UNITED STATES ARSENAL AT FRANKFORD. 
 
 To reach this building the visitor will take the Richmond 
 horse-cars on Third or Ninth Sts., which run to Bridesburg in 
 about forty-five minutes. A pass to visit the shops will be given 
 at the office of the arsenal, and in them may be seen the various 
 processes of ammunition manufacture. The entire supply of 
 cartridges for the United States Army is made here. In the 
 museum, at the rear of the Arsenal, are specimens of all kinds of 
 arms from the old flintlock to the modern Remington. The 
 grounds about the buildings cover sixty-two and a half acres, 
 and are kept in perfect condition. The best time to visit the 
 Arsenal is in the morning, as the shops close at four p. m. ; and 
 considerable time is required to inspect the various objects of in- 
 terest. 
 
 ART. 
 
 ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 
 This society was founded in 1805, and incorporated in 1807. 
 It has recently completed a very elegant and commodious 
 building on Broad St., corner of Cherry St. It has a front of 
 100 feet, and depth on Cherry St. of 258 feet; it is built of 
 various kinds of stone, and highly ornamented in a modified 
 Gothic style. It has a permanent gallery of over eighty pict- 
 m-es, about one half originals and copies of the old masters, and 
 the remainder by modern artists; a collection of 256 casts of 
 statuary, modern and antique ; a large number of engravings, 
 photographs, and sketches ; and a museum of nearly 2,000 im- 
 pressions of coins, gems, and medallions. Free classes in draw- 
 ing and art instruction are maintained. The Academy has an 
 income of $100,000 annually. Admission 25 cents. Open 
 daily, except Sundays. 
 
 THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 Has a collection of 100 paintings, and many interesting art ob- 
 jects, as gold ;ind silverware, medals, illuminated books and 
 missals, sketches, etchings, photographs, and specimens of 
 binding and printing. No. 820 Spruce St. See page 49. 
 
52 LIBRARIES. 
 
 HASELTINES ART GALLERY. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Haseltine, No. 1125 and 1127 Chestnut St. has ele- 
 gant apartments, in which he carries on business in the sale of 
 works of art. In his galleries are constantly many things to 
 interest the purchaser, or connoisseur in art. 
 
 SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN, 
 
 Northwest Penn Square, corner Merrick and Filbert Sts., holds 
 an annual exhibition. See page 49. 
 
 LIBRARIES. 
 
 Many of the collections of books referred to here, belong to other 
 
 than library institutions, to which reference will be made elsewhere. 
 
 They are stated because a list of libraries would be incomplete with- 
 out them. 
 
 Mercantile Library, Tenth St., north of Chestnut St., founded 1821. 
 This library and the building it occupies is owned by a stock asso- 
 ciation, and its privileges are open to stockholders and annual sub- 
 scribers. It is the largest library in the city ; contains 112,000 
 volumes ; is maintained at an annual expense of $12,500 ; and is 
 open daily, including Sundays. 
 
 Library Company of Philadelphia, Fifth St., south of Chestnut St., 
 commonly known as the Philadelphia Library. This library was 
 formed mainly through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, in 1731, 
 with an original capital of £100. Owned by stockholders, but is free 
 for reference. Contains 105,000 volumes, besides many valuable 
 manuscripts, autograph letters, missals, and some objects of local 
 historic interest. The present building was erected in 1790. Cur- 
 rent expenses, ^4,000 per annum. 
 
 Ridgeway Library, a branch of the above. A new building is being 
 erected at Broad and Christian Sts., but is not yet ready for use. 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, Broad and Sansom Sts. 26,000 volumes. 
 
 Apprentices" Library, corner Fifth and Arch Sts. Free to minors ; 
 also, a free reading-room for men. Established in 1821, and has 
 24,000 volumes. 
 
 Athenaeum, Sixth St., south of Walnut St. Founded in 1814. 20,000 
 volumes. Privileges are restricted to stockholders. 
 
 American Philosophical Society, Fifth St., south of Chestnut. 15,000 
 volumes. 
 
 German Society of Philadelphia, 24 South Seventh St. 15,000 volumes, 
 one half German. 
 
LEADING CHURCHES. 53 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 820 Spruce St. 15,000 volumes. 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital Library, Eighth and Spruce Sts. 13,000 vol- 
 umes. 
 
 Southwark Library, South Second St. 8,000 volumes. 
 
 Law Association of Philadelphia, Sixth and Walnut Sts. 8,000 vol- 
 umes. 
 
 Library Association of Friends, Race St , near Fifteenth St. 7,814 
 volumes. 
 
 Franklin Institute, Seventh St., north of Chestnut St. 15,000 volumes. 
 
 American Baptist Historical Society, 1020 Arch St. 7,315 volumes. 
 
 Spring Garden Institute, Broad and Spring Garden Sts. 5,728 vol- 
 umes. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, 1210 Chestnut St. 5,300 volumes. 
 
 Mechanic Institute of Southwark, South Fifth St. 3,650 volumes. 
 
 Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, ^yalnut St. 3,500 volumes. 
 
 Moyamensing Library Institute, Eleventh and Catherine Sts. 2,900 
 volumes. 
 
 Handel and Haydn Society, Arch St. 2,500 volumes. 
 
 Catholic Philopatrian Literary Institute, Locust St. 1,500 volumes. 
 
 Dial Library, South Fifth St. 1,500 volumes. 
 
 St. Philip's Literary Institute, Queen St. 1,500 volumes. 
 
 LEADING CHURCHES AND DENOM- 
 INATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The great number of churches in Philadelphia makes it a matter of impossi- 
 bility to give a complete list of all, a selection of a few from each denomination 
 is therefore made, which it-is believed includes those which will most naturally 
 interest strangers. For a full list, see the appendix to the City Directory. 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 
 Baptist Home, Seventeenth and Norris Sts. 
 
 American Baptist Publication Society, 1420 Chestnut St. 
 
 American Baptist Historical Society, 1420 Chestnut St. 
 
 Seventy-one churches and mission chapels. 
 Berean, Cliestnut, above Fortieth St., Rev. E. M. Levy, D.D. 
 Broad St., corner Broad and Brown Sts., Rev. E. L. Magoon, D.D. 
 Fifth, corner Eighteenth and Spring Garden Sts., Rev. B. D. Thomas. 
 First, northwest corner Broad and Arch Sts., Rev. G. D. Boardman, D. D. 
 Fourth, corner Fifth and Buttonwood Sts.. Rev. J. Peddle, D. D. 
 Memorial, corner Broad and Master Sts., Rev. P. S. Henson, D. D. 
 Tabernacle, Chestnut St., above Eighteenth St., Rev. G. E. Reese. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 The only two churches of this denomination are the following: — 
 Central, Eighteenth and Green Sts., Rev. James R. Danforth. 
 Plymouth, corner Nineteenth and Master Sts., Rev. Lyman Whiting, D. D. 
 
54 LEADING CHURCHES. \ 
 
 EVANGELICAL ASSOCLA.TION. \ 
 
 Six churches. { 
 
 Christ Church, Eighth St., below Girard Avenue, Rev. S. S. Chubb. 'j 
 Southwark, Fifth St., below Carpenter St., Rev. F. HoflFman. 
 
 \ 
 
 FRENCH PROTESTANT. j 
 
 Free Church, 1512 Chestnut St., Rev. H. Maurey. s 
 
 FRIENDS (Orthodox). \ 
 
 Nine meeting-houses. 
 Northern District, Sixth and Noble Sts. 
 Fourth and Arch Sts., fifth days only. 
 
 Orange, above Seventh St., first days only. ; 
 
 Western District, Twelfth St., below Market St , first and fourth days only. < 
 
 FRIENDS. \ 
 
 Eight meeting-houses. ; 
 Race, above Fifteenth St., first and fourth days. 
 
 Girard Avenue and Seventeenth St. i 
 
 Green St., corner Fourth St. '' 
 
 Spruce St., corner Ninth St. J 
 
 HEBREWS. \ 
 
 Nine synagogues. ; 
 
 Rodef Shalom, Broad and Mount Vernon Sts., Rev. M. Jastrow. Rabbi. 
 
 House of Israel, Crown St., between Race and Vine Sts., Rev. M. Elkin, 
 Rabbi. 
 
 Keneseth Israel (Reform), Sixth, above Brown St., Rev. S. Hirsch. ] 
 
 LUTHERAN. i 
 
 The various branches of this denomination, including English, German, and i 
 
 Swedish, have thirty-one churches. \ 
 
 Orphan's Home, Main St., above Carpenter St. (Germantown). 
 
 English (General Council). 
 Holy Communion, southwest corner Broad and Arch Sts., Rev. J. A. Seiss, \ 
 
 D. D. ; 
 
 St. Marks, Spring Garden, above Thirteenth St., Rev. J. A. Kunkelman. ; 
 
 German (General Council). ' 
 
 Zion, Franklin St., above Race St., Rev. W. J. Mann, D. D. 
 St. John's, corner Fifteenth and Ogden Sts., Rev. A. Spaeth, D. D. 
 
 Scandinavian. 
 Meets Sunday afternoon, at four o'clock, in St. Mark's. (See above.) j 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL. \ 
 
 One hundred cliurches and chapels, of which nine are African. i 
 
 Offices of Church Boards and Societies, 1018 and 1020 Arch St. ■ 
 
 Arch St., southeast corner Broad and Arch Sts., Rev. E. M. Hatfield, D. D. ' 
 
 Grace, Broad and Master Sts., Rev. James Neill. 
 Green St., Green St., above 10th St., Rev. A. Longacre. 
 Spring Garden, 20th and Spring Garden Sts., Rev. W. V. Kelley. 
 
 MORAVIAN. 
 Four churches. 
 First, corner Franklin and Wood Sts., Rev. E. Rondthaler. ; 
 
LEADING CHURCHES. 
 
 SWEDENBORGIAN. 
 
 Three sock-ties. 
 Philadelpliia, Cherry, west of Tvreutietli St. 
 
 PEESBYTERIAN. 
 
 Sevent5'-seven churches and chapels. 
 Board of Publication and Church Offices, Chestnut St., east of Broad St. 
 Arch St., Arch, above Tenth St., Rev. W. Q. Scott. 
 Bethany, Bainbridgc and Twenty-second St., Rev. J. B. Miller. 
 Oxford St., Broad and Oxford Sts., Rev. Frank L. Bobbins. 
 Immanuel, Tenth and Filbert Sts., Rev. Charles Wadsworth, D. D. 
 Second, Twenty-first and Walnut Sts., Rev. E. R. Beadle, D. D. 
 Tenth, Tenth and Walnut Sts., Rev. H. A. Boardman, D. D. 
 Central, corner Eighth and Cherry Sts., Rev. John H. Munro. 
 Third (old Pine St.), Fourth and Pine Sts., Rev. R. H. Allen. 
 West Spruce St., Spruce and Seventeenth Sts., Rev. W. P. Breed, D. D. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN (Reformed). 
 
 The various synods of this denomination have thirteen churches. ■ 
 
 First, Broad, below Spruce St., Rev. I. W. I. Wylie, D. D. 1 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN (United). 
 Eleven churches. 
 Second, Race, below Sixteenth St., Rev. J. B. Dales. 
 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Ninety-three churches and mission chapels. 
 Christ Church, Second, below Arch St., Rev. E. A. Foggo, D. D. 
 Church of the Epiphany, corner Fifteenth and Chestnut Sts., Rev. Richard 
 
 Newton, D. D. 
 Church of the Hgly Trinity, corner Nineteenth and Walnut Sts., Rev. W. K. 
 
 MeVickar. 
 Church of the Holy Incarnation, corner Broad and Jefferson Sts., Rev. J. D. 
 
 Newlin. 
 St. Andrew's, Eighth St., above Spruce St., Rev. W. F. Paddock. 
 St. Mark's, Locust St., above Sixteenth St., Rev. E. A. Hoffman. D. D. 
 St. Stephen's, Tenth St., above Chestnut St., Rev. W. Rudder. 
 
 REFORMED EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Five churches. 
 Second, meet in hall, corner Twenty-first and Chestnut Sts., Rt. Rev. W. Rj 
 Nicholson, D. D. 
 
 REFORMED (Dutch) CHURCH. 
 
 Sixteen churches and chapels. 
 First, Race St., below Fourth St., Rev. D. Van Home. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC. 
 
 Forty-three churches. 
 Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, Eighteenth St., opposite Logan Square, 
 
 Most Rev. James F. Wood, Archbishop. 
 Assumption, Spring Garden, below Twelfth St., Very Rev. C. J. H. 
 
 Carter, V. G. 
 
56 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Holy Trinity (German), nortliwest corner Sixth and Spruce Sts.,^ Rev. H. 
 
 Schick. 
 St. Augustine's, Fourth St., below Vine St., Rev. Peter Crane, O. S. A. 
 St. John the Evangelist, Thirteenth St., above Chestnut St., Rev. P. R. 
 
 O'Reilly. 
 St. Mary's, Fourth St., above Spruce St., Rev. M. F. Martin. 
 
 UNITARIAN. 
 
 Two churches. 
 First, Tenth and Locust St. Pulpit vacant. 
 
 UNIVERSALIST. 
 
 Four churches. 
 Church of the Messiah, Locust, below Broad St., Rev. E. G. Brooks. 
 Church of the Restoration, Master, above Sixteenth St., Rev. B. F. Bowles. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first public school was established in Philadelphia in 1698, 
 and the first school- house was erected on the east side of Fourth 
 St., below Chestnut; though the present system was not inaugu- 
 rated till the year 1818. The total number of public schools in 
 the city, at the close of the year 1874, was 465; and they were 
 classified as follows: The Central High School, for boys (at 
 Broad and Green Sts.), the Girls' Normal School (at Sergeant, 
 above Tenth St.), 60 grammar, 121 secondary, 29 consolidated, 
 212 primary, and 41 night schools. In 1874, the average daily 
 attendance was 91,950, and the pupils of the night schools num- 
 bered 16,681; the total number of teachers employed was 1,991. 
 The total value of school property was estimated at $4,840,000. 
 
 These schools, both in architectural design and convenient 
 adaptation, will favorably compare with any in America or 
 Europe. The offices of the Board of Education are situated in 
 the Athenaeum Building, at the corner of Sixth and Adelphi 
 Sts. 
 
LEADING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 57 
 
 3 2.. < 
 
 ^S- o 
 
 3. t=3 
 
 sss 
 
 2 332. 
 
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 3 iTj 
 
 CO 
 
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 lis- 
 
58 PENAL AND REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 PENAL AND REFORMATORY INSTI- 
 • TUTIONS. 
 
 Philadelphia is celebrated not only as the city of " Brotherly Love,'- 
 her citizens being of law-abiding and peaceful tendencies, but she is 
 remarkable for the efficient manner in which those who violate her 
 just requirements are treated, together with the systems of restraint 
 found necessary in dealing with criminal classes. 
 
 Much attention has been given to penal and reformatory institutions, 
 and the results are embodied in what is frequently termed "the ad- 
 mirable prison system of Pennsylvania." 
 
 In Philadelphia may be found several buildings in which the work- 
 ings of this system are well illustrated. 
 
 THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY. 
 
 This building, otherwise known as " Cherry Hill,-' is said to be the 
 only prison in the country wherein the "separate confinement "- sys- 
 tem is adopted. Its establishment was the result of investigations 
 by the " Philadelphia Society for relieving the Miseries of Public 
 Prisons,'" and it was completed in 1829. It is located between Twenty- 
 second and Twenty-third Sts. on Pairmount Avenue. The structure 
 consists of massive stone walls upon all but the main front, which is 
 composed of two square towers 65 feet high connected by the wall 
 containing the great door, above which is an octagonal tower 97 feet 
 high. At each corner there are heavy towers connected with the cen- 
 tre buildings by a massive wall with strong-barred, lancet-windows. 
 Prominent in the interior is a lai'ge rotunda, in whose wings are the 
 cells, each of which has a small and walled yard, wherein the prisoner 
 may have sunshine and exercise for a few hours daily. 
 
 This institution has about 500 inmates per year. The building may 
 be reached by the Fairmount cars of the Union line, and admission 
 tickets may be obtained at the Ledger Office, corner of Sixth and 
 Chestnut Sts. 
 
 THE COUNTY, OR " MOYAMENSING-' PRISON. 
 
 This structure, consisting of a massive central building, flanked by 
 heavy octagonal towers, is built of Quincy granite, in the Tudor 
 Gothic style. It was first occupied in 1835, and the yearly commit- 
 ments are about 14,000. 
 
 The location is at Eleventh St. and Passyunk Avenue, and is 
 reached by the cars on Tenth and Twelfth Sts., or the green cars of the 
 
PENAL ANJJ REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS. 59 
 
 Union line, on Seventh St. Tickets of admission are procured at the 
 Ledger Office. 
 
 THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. 
 
 This institution, located on Twenty-second St. near Poplar, is 
 reached by the Green and Coates, Poplar St. or Ridge Avenue cars. 
 
 It was incorporated in 1826, for " the employment of the idle, in- 
 struction of the ignorant, and reformation of the depraved,-' and will 
 accommodate about 600 inmates. With the exception of Saturday and 
 Sunday, visitors are admitted every afternoon, by permits which may 
 be had at the Ledger Office. 
 
 HOUSE OF COEEECTION. 
 
 A new building, erected near Holmesburg in the northern part of 
 the city, serves for the confinement of paupers able to work and of 
 persons convicted of misdemeanors. It contains 2,000 cells, and work 
 is provided for all inmates physically able to labor. 
 
 The building is of brown-stone, in general design resembling the 
 letter Y, the stem of which forms the main edifice, the wings being 
 formed by the angle. There will also be three additional wings on each 
 side of the principal structure. Its cost is estimated at nearly a mill- 
 ion and a half of dollars. 
 
 Visitors will take the white cars of the Second and Third St. line, or 
 those of the Fifth and Sixth St. line, to Kensington Depot, and from 
 thence the Pennsylvania Railroad, to the grounds. 
 
 BLOCKLEY ALMSHOUSE. 
 
 On the west side of the Schuylkill, nearly opposite the United States 
 Naval Asylum, and south of the University of Pennsylvania, is located 
 the institution for the city's poor, sick, and insane. The grounds in- 
 clude 179 acres. The buildings cover nearly ten acres, and are four in 
 number, each 500 feet long and three stories high, arranged so as to 
 form a square. The main front is at the southeast, and is noticeable 
 for its handsome portico of Tuscan design. A large and well culti- 
 vated farm of 130 acres surrounds the institution. This immense 
 almshouse has 3,000 inmates, one third of whom are in the insane de- 
 partment, and 200 in the asylum for children, and over $300,000 are 
 annually expended for its support. As early as 1732, the Philadelphia 
 Hospital was located here. 
 
 Visitors interested in institutions of this description should not 
 fail to see the above structures, which are accessible by the Walnut 
 St. cars to Thirty -fourth St. Permits are obtained at 42 North 
 Seventh St. 
 
BRIDGES. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Associates Institute for Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans, Twenty-third and 
 
 Brown Sts. 
 Pennsylvania Institution for Deaf Mutes, Broad and Pine Sts. 
 Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, -Twentieth and 
 
 Race Sts. 
 Pennsylvania Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women, Belgrade, 
 
 above Otis St. 
 U. S. Naval Asylum, Gray's Ferry Road, below Bainbridge St. 
 
 HOSPITALS. 
 
 Blockley Hospital, Thirty-fourth and Spruce Sts. 
 City Hospital, Hart Lane, near Frankford Avenue and Reading R. R. 
 Friends' Hospital for Insane, Frankford. 
 German Hospital, Girard and Corinthian Avenues. 
 
 Insane Department, Pennsylvania Hospital, Fiftieth St. and Haverford Road. 
 Pennsylvania Hospital, Eighth and Pine Sts. 
 
 Women's Hospital of Philadelphia, Female Medical College, North College 
 Avenue and Twenty-second St. 
 
 HOMES. 
 
 Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons, Belmont and Girard Avenue. 
 Lutheran Orphans' Home, etc., 5582 Germantown Avenue. 
 Old Men's Home, of Philadelphia, Thirty -ninth St., and Powelton Avenue. 
 Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind Women, 3921 Locust St. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Association for the Relief and Employment of the Poor, 19 S. Seventeenth St. 
 Board of Public Charities of Pennsylvania, 73" Walnut St. 
 Home Missionary Society, 533 Arch St. 
 
 Philadelphia Society for Alleviating Miseries of Public Prisons, 109 N. Tenth 
 St. 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 The connection of the city proper with West Philadelphia is formed 
 by eleven bridges, some of which are fine examples of engineering and 
 architectural skill, and not the least of the objects of interest to the 
 visitor. 
 
 Near the junction of the Delaware and Schuylkill is the Penrose 
 Ferry Bridge, 660 feet in length, above which is the Gray's Ferry 
 Bridge, 550 feet long, and that of the southern extension of the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad. The South St. Bridge, constructed in 1870 at a cost 
 
MARKET HOUSES. 61 
 
 of $800,000, spans the river from South and Chippewa Sts. on the east 
 side to the West Chester Railroad on the west ; its entire length is 
 2,419 feet. Chestnut St. Bridge -was finished July 4, 1866, and cost 
 $500,000 ; it is built of iron, and is composed of two spans 389 feet in 
 length, which rest upon heavy piers. Market St. Bridge is remarkable 
 for strength rather than beauty, and is a wooden superstructure, 
 measuring 533 feet in length over the river way. It was built by con- 
 tract in twenty days, to supply the place of the former bridge which 
 was burned. 
 
 The^Callowhill St. Bridge, at the Fairmount Water Works, is one of 
 the handsomest structures of its kind in the country. It was planned 
 by J. H. Linvelle, and built by the Keystone Bi-idge Company at a cost 
 of about $1,200,000. The total length of the frame-work is 1,274 feet, 
 and its main span measures 350 feet. It is 48 feet in width, and has 
 two road- ways, — an upper and lower, the former connecting Spring- 
 garden St. on the east with Bridge St. on the west, while the latter is 
 the passage-way between Callowhill and Haverford Sts. 
 
 The Girard Avenue Bridge is a fine iron structure connecting East 
 and W^est Parks, was erected by Clarke, Reeves, & Co. of the Phoenix 
 Iron Works, and cost $1,404,445 ; was ready for the public use July 4, 
 1874. Its measurements are, 1,000 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 52 feet 
 above the water-mark ; the roadway is 67^ feet wide, and the sidewalks 
 16^ feet in width. 
 
 The Connecting Railroad Bridge, so called because it unites the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad with the United Railroads of New Jersey, is just 
 above the Girard Avenue Bridge. 
 
 The Columbia and Falls Bridges are further connecting links be- 
 tween the East and West Parks. 
 
 MARKET HOUSES. 
 
 Among the noticeable features of Philadelphia is the admirable 
 market system of the city, by which consumers deal directly with 
 producers. In the centre of Callowhill St., below Twelfth, extends 
 a long line of the old time street stalls, which have been superseded of 
 late years by twenty-nine commodious market -houses, some of which 
 contain upwards of five hundred stalls. They are filled daily with 
 fresh produce brought direct from the surrounding country by mar- 
 ket farmers, who dispose of it without the aid of " middle-men.'' 
 
 The Farmers" Market, at the corner of Market and Twelfth Sts., is 
 one of the finest of these buildings, and well worth a morning visit. 
 
62 HOTELS AND LODGINGS. 
 
 THE NAVY YARD. 
 — •— 
 
 The extensive grounds purchased by the government in 1801, on 
 Front St., below Washington Avenue, and fitted up as a naval depot, 
 were recently sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., and the ship- 
 houses, stores, fixtures, etc., removed to League Island at the junction 
 of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers beloAv the city. 
 
 The Island, which contains some six hundred acres, was presented to 
 the government by the City of Philadelphia a few years since. It is 
 well adapted for the uses of anavy yard, and the fresh water by which 
 it is surrounded makes it specially valuable as a rendezvous for iron- 
 clads. A large fleet of monitors may usually be seen moored in the 
 deep waters of the narrow "Back Channel-- which separates the isl- 
 and from the city. But little comparatively has yet been done in the 
 way of improvement, and beyond the iron-clads the yard now presents 
 few points of interest to the visitor. 
 
 HOTELS AND LODGINGS. 
 
 Trans-Continental Hotel, directly opposite the principal entrance to 
 the Exhibition Grounds at the corner of Elm and Belmont Avenues. 
 It is a brick building, with accommodations for 750 guests Ameri- 
 
 *■ can plan. 
 
 Globe Hotel, very near the above, on Belmont Avenue, south of Elm 
 Avenue, about one minute's walk from the principal entrance to the 
 Exhibition. J. A. Rice, manager. Accommodations for 750 guests. 
 American plan. 
 
 United States Hotel, at Forty-second St. and Columbia Avenue, Avithin 
 five minutes' Avalk of the principal or eastern entrances to the Exhi- 
 bition. Accommodation for 500 guests. American plan. 
 
 Grand Exposition Hotel^ corner of Girard and Lancaster Avenues, 
 within five minutes' walk of the principal entrance to the Exhibi- 
 tion. Accommodation for 700 guests. M. Riley, manager. Ameri- 
 can plan. 
 
 The above will all be ready for business at the opening of the Exhibi- 
 tion, but at the time of writing it is impossible to obtain terms, or 
 names of the proposed managers. 
 
 In the same vicinity are several smaller houses, with restaurants, of 
 which the Exhibition, Constitution, and Kennaday's Hotels are the 
 most prominent. 
 
 The Hotel Aubrey in West Philadelphia, on Walnut Street, between 
 
HOTELS AND LODGINGS. 
 
 63 
 
 American . 
 Bingham 
 Continental 
 Colonade 
 Girard . . 
 Guy's. . . 
 Irving . . 
 Lapierre . . 
 Merchant's . 
 Markoe . . 
 St. Stephens 
 St. Cloud . 
 Washington 
 
 Name. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chestnut, above Fifth St. . 
 JIarket and Eleventh Sts. . 
 Chestnut and Ninth Sts. . . 
 Chestnut and Fifteenth Sts. 
 Chestnut and Ninth Sts. . . 
 Chestnut and Seventh Sts. . 
 
 919 Walnut St 
 
 Broad, below Chestnut St. . 
 Fourth, above Market St. . 
 Chestnut, above Ninth St. . 
 Chestnut, above Tenth St. . 
 Arch, above Seventh St. . . 
 Chestnut above Seventh. 
 
 1 
 
 .__ 
 
 $3.00 
 3.00 
 4.50 
 3.50 
 3.50 
 
 3.00 to 5.00 
 
 3.50 
 
 3.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 3.00 to 5.00 
 
 3.50 
 
 3.00 
 
 American 
 
 plan, per 
 
 diem, with 
 
 meals table 
 
 d-hute. 
 
 
 European plan, 
 
 with meals a la 
 
 carte. 
 
 co>*>.cococc>totOK-'cooi-;-coa5 
 oooooj.3,ooo||g 
 
 1 
 
 S. M. Heulings. 
 Curlis Davis. 
 J. E. Kingsley & Co. 
 J. Crump. 
 
 McKibbin,Vosburg, &Co. 
 F. A. Miller. 
 W. Hokt^s- Sons. 
 J. B. Butterworth. 
 Cummings, Case, & Co. 
 II. M. Beidler. 
 Thomas Ashton. 
 George W. Mullin. 
 George J. Bolton. 
 
 i 
 
64 CITY RAILROAD ROUTES. 
 
 Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth streets, will be open in season for 
 the Centennial. It will be a very fine hotel, with accommodations 
 for 600 guests, all modern improvements, conducted on the Euro- 
 pean plan, with meals a la carte, and rooms from two dollars per 
 diem upAvard. 
 
 BOARDING-HOUSE PLAN. 
 
 A scheme has been devised whereby guests may be accommodated in 
 private families, the system being to sell coupon tickets from a central 
 agency, each coupon to be received in payment for one day's board at 
 the house to which the purchaser may be directed to obtain lodgings. 
 The plan is to provide breakfast and tea, with lodgings. Space does 
 not permit a full detail of all the elements of this plan. At present 
 the ofRce of the bureau knoAvn as " The Centennial Lodging-house 
 Agency,-' is No. 1010 Walnut St., but in due season, district offices 
 will be established and advertised. 
 
 CITY RAILROAD ROUTES. 
 
 Single Fare, 7 cts. ; Children under ten years, 4 cts. ; 4 Tickets, 25 cts. ; Exchange 
 Tickets, 9 cts. Eoads marked * run to the Centennial Grounds. 
 
 CixrzENs' P. R. W. Co. — Tenth and Eleventh Sts. Yellow car, green light, 
 Route, down Tenth to Reed, to Eleventh, up Eleventh to Diamond, to Tenth, 
 to depot, cor. Montgomery Avenue. 
 
 Mifflin St. Branch. — Yellow car, red light. Route, down Tenth, up Twelfth. 
 Wharton to Mifflin. 
 
 Continental P. R. W. Co. — This road was not built at the time of writing. 
 It is expected that cars would be run during 1876 over the following route: 
 From Montgomery Avenue and Eighteenth up Montgomery Avenue to 
 Twentieth, to Ridge Avenue, to South College Avenue, to Corinthian Ave- 
 nue, to Parrish, to Twentieth, to Federal, to Eighteenth, to Francis, to 
 Perkiomen, to Vineyard, to Ridge Avenue, to Eighteenth, to depot at Mont- 
 gomery Avenue. 
 
 Empirk p. R. W. Co. — Twelth and Sixteenth Sts. Yellow car, red light. 
 Route, down Twelfth to Wharton, to Seventeenth, to Carpenter, to Sixteenth, 
 up Sixteenth to Montgomery Avenue, to depot, cor. Twelfth. 
 
 Fkankford & SoDTHWARK P. R. W. Co. — Fifth and Sixth Sts. Yellow car, 
 red light. Route, down Kensington Avenue, to Front, to Berks, to Sixth, to 
 Jackson, to Fifth, up Fifth to Berks, to Front, to Kensington Avenue, to 
 depot, cor. Cumberland. 
 
 Lehigh Avenue and Powell St. Branch. — Green car, green ligli . Route, up 
 Kensington Avenue to Lehigh Avenue, to Sixth, down Sixth to Powell, to 
 Fifth, up Fiftli to Lehigh Avenue, to Kensington Avenue, to depot. 
 
 Frankford Steam Line. — Branch of Fifth and Sixth. Route, down Frankford 
 St. to Kensington Avenue, to Cumberland, to depot and return. 
 
 Germantown p. R. W. Co. — Fourth and Eighth Sts. Yellow car, green 
 light. Route, down Dauphin to Germantown Avenue, to Fourth, to?. Dick- 
 inson, to Eighth, up Eighth to Columbia Avenue, to Seventh, to Susquehanna 
 
CITY RAILROAD ROUTES. 65 
 
 Avenue, to Eighth, to depot, Eighth and Dauphin. Each alternate car turns 
 up Walnut to Ei<;l>th. 
 
 Gerniautown Branch. — Yellow car, green light. Route, from Dauphin up 
 Eighth to Geimantown Avenue, to Germantown, and return. 
 
 *Ginird Avenue Branch. — Yellow ear, red light. Eoute, along Girard Avenue 
 to Palmer, to Beach, to Shackamaxon, to Girard Avenue, to Elm Avenue, to 
 the Centennial Buildings at Belmont Avenue, returning over the same route. 
 
 GREEJf & Coaxes P. R. W. Co. — Green car, red light. Route, from entrance 
 of Park down Fairmount Avenue to Twenty-second, to Green, to Fourth, to 
 Dickinson, to Eighth, up Eighth to Fairmount Avenue, to thePark. Each 
 alternate ear turns up "Walnut. 
 
 Delaware River Branch. — Green car, red light. Route, up Beach to Fairmount 
 Avenue, to Eighth, returning down Fairmount Avenue to Fourth, to Green, 
 to Beach. 
 
 *Hestonville, Mantua, & Fairmount P. R. W. Co. — Yellow car, red light. 
 Route, down Lancaster Avenue to Haverfbrd Avenue, to lower deck of Fair- 
 mount bridge, to Callowhill, to Twenty-second, to Race, to Second, to Wal- 
 nut, to Dock, to Third, to Vine, to Twenty-third, to Spring Garden, to upper 
 deck of Fairmount bridge, to Spring Garden, West Philadelphia, to l^ancaster 
 Avenue, to Belmont Avenue, to Centennial Buildings. Depot, Forty -third 
 and Lancaster Avenue. 
 
 Hestonville Branch. — Green car, red light. Route, out Lancaster Avenue to 
 Fifty-second, and return to depot at Forty-third by same route. 
 
 ♦Arch St. Branch. — Yellow car, green light. Route, down Hamilton to Twenty- 
 fifth, to Spring Garden, to Twentieth, to Arch, to Second, returning up Arch 
 to Twenty-first, to Callowhill, to depot, with passes to Centennial Buildings. 
 
 T^OMBARD & South Streets P. R. W. Co. — Yellow car, red light. Route, 
 down Lombard to Front, to Dock, to Delaware Avenue, returning up Dock 
 to Front, to South, to depot, cor. Twenty-fifth and South. 
 
 Southern Branch. — Red car, green light. Route, from depot. Thirteenth and 
 Snyder Avenue, down Snyder Avenue to Twelfth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, 
 to Christian, to Fifth, to Lombard, to Fourth, to South, to Passyunk Avenue, 
 to Mifflin, to Twelfth, to Synder Avenue, to Broad. 
 
 Manayuxk & RoxBOROUGii Inclined Plane P. R. W. Co. —Route, Ridge 
 Avenue from Barren Hill to Wissahickon Station on the Norristown branch 
 of Reading R. R., and return. 
 
 Philadelphia City P. R. W. Co. — Chestnut and Walnut Sts. Green car, 
 red light. Route, from depot to Forty-second, down Chestnut to Front, to 
 Walnut, to Twenty-second, to Chestnut, to depot, cor. Forty-second. 
 
 ♦Fairmount Park Branch. — Yellow car, maroon liglit. Route, down Belmont 
 Avenue to Lancaster Avenue, to Thirty-second, to Chestnut, to Front, to 
 
 . Walnut, to Twenty-second, to Chestnut, to Thirty-second, to Lancaster 
 Avenue, to Belmont Avenue to depot, near the Park and Centennial grounds. 
 
 Darby Branch. — Red car, white light. Route, down Darby road to Woodland 
 Avenue, to Chestnut, to Front, to Walnut, to Twenty-second, to Chestnut, to 
 Woodland Avenue, to Darby road, to Darby. 
 
 Mount Moriali Branch. — Blue car, white light. Route, same as Darby Branch 
 as far as Mount Moriah. 
 
 Philadelphia & Gray's Ferry P. R. W. Co. — Spruce and Pine Sts. Gray's 
 Ferry Branch. White car, red light. Route, Exchange, to Second, to Pine, 
 to Twenty -third, to Gray's Ferry Road, to Gray's Ferry Bridge, return by 
 Gray's Ferry Road to Christian, to Twenty-second, to Spruce, to Third, to 
 Walnut, to the Excliange. Depot, Twenty-third and Spruce. 
 
 Fairmount Park Branch. — Route, same ns above to Twenty-third, thence to 
 Callowhill, to Twenty-fifth, to Green St. entrance to Park, returning via 
 Twenty-fifth to Hamilton, to Twenty-second, and thence by the above route. 
 5 
 
66 CITY RAILROAD ROUTES. 
 
 People's P. R. W. Co. — Callowhill St. Yellow car. Route, from Park en- 
 trance to Riddle, to Twenty-fourth, to Callowhill, to Front, to Vine, to Dela- 
 ware Avenue, returning along Vine to York Avenue, to Callowhill, to 
 Schuylkill River and the Park entrance. 
 
 Ridge Avenue P. R. W. Co.— Yellow car, red light. Route, down Ridge 
 Avenue to Tenth, to Arch, to Second, returning up Arch to Ninth, to Ridge 
 Avenue, to depot, Thirty-second and Ridge Avenue, opposite East Park en- 
 trance. 
 
 For Manayunk. — Yellow car, with blue flag and red light, leaves Third and 
 Arch every fifteen minutes during the summer for Manayunk, via Ridge 
 Avenue, without change of cars. In January, February and March, the cars 
 run to Manayunk from the depot every twenty minutes. 
 
 Second & .Third Streets P. R. W. Co. — White car, green light. Route 
 down Frankford Avenue to Jefferson, to Second, to Mifflin, to Third, to Ger- 
 mantown Avenue, to Oxford, to Front, to Amber, to depot. 
 
 Frankford Branch. — White car, red flag, green light. Route, up Frankford 
 Avenue to Paul, to stand at Arrott St. Returning down Main to Frankford 
 Avenue, to depot, cor. Lehigh Avenue. 
 
 North Penn Branch. — Green car, orange light. Route, down Frankford 
 Avenue to Huntingdon, to Coral, to Cumberland, to Emerald, to Dauphin, 
 to Second, to Dx)ck, to Third, to Germantown Avenue, to Oxford, to Third, 
 to Berks, to Second, to York, to Coral, to Cumberland, to Amber, to depot. 
 
 Richmond Branch. — Red car, red light. Route, up Lehigh Avenue to Rich- 
 mond, to Frankford Avenue, to Manderson, to Beach, to Laurel, to Delaware 
 Avenue, to Fairmount Avenue, to Second, to Dock, to Third, up to Brown, 
 to Beach, to Manderson, to Frankford Avenue, to Girard Avenue, to Norris," 
 to Richmond, to Lehigh Avenue, to depot, cor. Edgemont. 
 
 Bridesburg Branch. — White ear, white light. Route, up Lehigh Avenue to 
 Richmond, to Bridge, to Washington. Returning over same route to depot. 
 
 Front Street Branch. —White car. Route, Fairmount Avenue down New 
 Market to Vine, to Front, to Chestnut. Returning over same route. 
 
 Allegheny Avenue Branch. — Yellow car, white liglit. Route, from Lehigh 
 Avenue up Richmond to Allegheny Avenue. Returning by same route. 
 
 Cumberland Street Branch. — White car, white light. Route, from Richmond 
 up Cumberland to Amber. Returning by same route. 
 
 Seventeenth & Nineteenth Streets P. R. W. Co. — Yellow car, red 
 light. Route, up Nineteenth to Norris, to Seventeenth, to Ridge Avenue, to 
 Francis, to Seventeenth, to Carpenter, to Nineteenth, to depot at Master St. 
 
 Thirteenth & Fifteenth Streets P. R. W. Co. — Columbia Avenue 
 Branch. Green car, green light. Route, up Carpenter to Fifteenth, to 
 Master, to Ridge Avenue, to Columbia Avenue, to Thirteenth, to Carpenter, 
 to Broad, to depot, ab. Washington Avenue. 
 
 Norris Street Branch. — Yellow car, red light. Route, up Carpenter to Fifteenth, 
 to Columbia Avenue, to Broad, to Norris, to Thirteenth, to Carpenter, to 
 Broad, to depot ab. Washington Avenue. 
 
 South Broad Street Branch. — Yellow car, red light. Route, from depot, ab. 
 Washington Avenue, down Broad to Wolf, and up by same route. 
 
 North Broad Street Branch.— Yellow car, red light. Route, from Norris up 
 Broad to N. Y. R. R. Junction. Back over same route. 
 
 Union P. R. W. Co. — Park and Navy Yard Branch. Yellow car, red light. 
 Route, down Brown to Twenty-third, to Wallace, to Franklin, to Race, to 
 Seventh, to Federal, to Front, to Wliarton, to Ninth, to Spring Garden, to 
 Twenty-third, to Brown, to Park entrance. 
 
 Richmond Branch. — Green car. green light. Route, down Thompson to Marl- 
 borough, to Belgrade, to Frankford Avenue, to Masters, to Franklin, to Race, 
 to Seventh, to Passyunk Avenue, to Ellsworth, to Broad, up to Christian, to 
 
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 67 
 
 Ninth, to Spring Garden, to Seventh, to Oxford, to Fourth, to Norris, to 
 Memphis, to York, to Thompson, to depot, cor. Norris. 
 
 Columbia. Avenue Branch. —Red car, orange light. Route, down Columbia 
 Avenue to Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Market, to Front. Returning up 
 Market to Ninth, to Spring Garden, to Seventh, to Columbia Avenue, to 
 depot at Twenty-third St. 
 
 Spring Garden and Poplar Street Branch. — One horse, red car, red light. 
 Route, down Brown to Twenty-third, to Wallace, to Twenty-second, to Spring 
 Garden, to Seventh, to Poplar, to Twenty-ninth, to Park entrance. 
 
 Cedar Street Branch. — Green car, green light. Route, from York up Cedar to 
 Somerset, to Richmond. Returning by same route. 
 
 Christian Street Branch. — One horse, yellow car, red light. Route, up iMcKean 
 to Ninth, to Ellsworth, to Twenty-third, to Christian, to Seventh, to depot, 
 corner McKean. 
 
 JetFerson Street Branch.— One horse, yellow car, red light. Route, from Twenty- 
 fourth down Jefferson, to Franklin, to Thompson, to Front, to Columbia 
 Avenue, to Franklin, to Master, to Twenty-fourth, to Columbia Avenue, to 
 depot at Twenty-third. 
 
 "West End P. R. W. Co. — Zoological Garden Line. Route, from Woodlands 
 Cemetery on Baltimore Avenue, to Fortieth, to Locust, to Thirty-sixth, to 
 Powelton Avenue, to Thirtj'-fifth, to Zoological Garden; returning on Thirtyr 
 fifth to Eadline, to Thirty-third, to Walnut, to Thirty-sixth, to Locust, to 
 • Thirty-eighth, to Woodland Avenue, to Baltimore Avenue, with lines to 
 South St. Bridge. 
 
 ♦Fairmount Park Line. — Route, from South St. Bridge to Thirty-fourth and 
 Spruce, on Spruce to Thirty-eighth, to Lancaster Avenue, to Forty-first, to 
 Elm Avenue and the Centennial Buildings, to George's Hill; returning to 
 Fortieth, to Locust, to Thirtj'-sixth, to Spruce, to place of beginning. 
 
 West Philadelphia P R. W. Co. — Market St. Yellow car, red light. 
 Route, from depot, Forty-first and Haverford Avenue, down Forty-first to 
 Market, to Front. Returning over same route to the depot. 
 
 *Centennial Building Branch. —Blue cars, red lights. Route, Concourse, Bel- 
 mont, and Elm Avenues, down Elm Avenue to Fortieth, to Market, to Front, 
 returning on Market to Forty-first, to Elm. 
 
 Haddington Branch.— Green car, green light. Route, from Front out Market 
 to Forty-first, to Haverford Avenue, to Sixty -seventh, returning to Sixty-fifth, 
 to Vine, to Haverford Avenue, to Forty-first, to Market, to Front. 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 Academy of Music, Broad St. below Locust. 
 Walnut Street Theatre, cor. Ninth and Wahiut. 
 Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut St. above Twelfth. 
 Arch Street Theatre, Arch St. above Sixth. 
 Horticultural Ifall, Broad St. below Locust. 
 Concert Hall, 1221 Chestnut St. 
 
 American Theatre (Varieties), Chestnut St. above Tenth. 
 Arch Street Opera House (Minstrels), Arch St. above Tenth. 
 Col. Wood's Museum, cor. Ninth and Arch. 
 
68 FOREIGN CONSULS AT PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Eleventh Street Opera House (Minstrels), Eleyenth St. above Chest- 
 nut. 
 
 Grand Central Theatre (Varieties), Walnvit St. above Eighth. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall, Locust St. above Eighth. 
 
 New National Theatre (Varieties), cor. Tenth and Callowhill Sts. 
 
 Zoological Gardens, Fairmount Park. 
 
 Enoch's Varieties, Seventh above Market St. 
 
 Meennerchor Hall and Garden, Franklin St. and Fairmount Ave- 
 nue. 
 
 Amateur Drawing Room, Seventeenth above Chestnut St. 
 
 Wfieatley's Dramatic Hall, Fifth and Gaskill Sts. 
 
 Miller's Winter Garden, 720 and 722 Vine St. 
 
 Turner Hall, German Theater, 444 and 446 North Third St. 
 
 Handel and Haydn Hall, Eighth and Spring Garden Sts. 
 
 Concordia Hall, Callowhill above Fourth Sts. 
 
 Assembly Building, Tenth and Chestnut Sts. 
 
 FOREIGN CONSULS AT PHILADEL- 
 PHIA. 
 
 Argentine Republic, E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 
 
 Austria, Lars Westergaard, 138 S. Second. 
 
 Belgium, G. E. Saurman, 1104 Chestnut. 
 
 Brazil, Edward S. Sayres, 268 S. Third. 
 
 Chili, E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 
 
 Colombia, U. S. of, Leon de la Cova, 218^ Walnut. 
 
 Denmark, F. Myhlertz, 730 N. Twentieth. 
 
 Ecuador, E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 
 
 France, Celestin Auguste Ravin d'Elpeux, vice-consul, Eighth above 
 South. 
 
 German Empire, Charles H. Meyer, 227 Chestnut. 
 
 Great Britain, Charles Edward Cortright, consul; George Crump, vice- 
 consul, 619 AValnut. 
 
 Hungary, Lars Westergaard, 138 S. Second. 
 
 Italy, Alonzo M. Viti, 115 Walnut. 
 
 Liberia, Edward S. Morris, 129 S. Front. 
 
 Netherlands, Lars Westergaard, 138 S. Second. 
 
 Nicaragua, Henry C. Potter, 260 S. Ninth. 
 
 Orange Free State, South Africa, Henry W. Riley, 602 Arch. 
 
 Portugal, Edward S. Sayres, 268 S. Third. 
 
 Russia, Henry Preaut, vice-consul, 500 S. Delaware Avenue. 
 
 Spain, Don Juan Morphy, consul ; Don Julian Alfredo Principe y Sar- 
 toris, vice-consul, 524 Walnut. 
 
RAILROAD DEPOTS. 69 
 
 Sweden and Norway, Lars Westergaard, 138 S. Second. 
 
 Switzerland, Rudolph Koradi, 314 York Avenue; AVerner Itschaner, 
 
 vice-consul, 814 A iue. 
 Uruguay, Chas. W. Matthews, vice-consul. 
 Venezuela, Leon de la Cova, 218i Walnut. 
 
 RATES OF HACK FARE. 
 
 One passenger, with trunk, valise, or box, distance not exceeding one 
 mile, 75 cents ; two passengers, $1. 25, and for each additional passen- 
 ger, 25 cents. Distance over a mile, and not more than two miles, 
 $1.25 ; each additional passenger, 25 cents. If the distance be more 
 than two miles, for each additional- mile or fractional part of a mile, 
 50 cents in addition to the $1.25 for the first two miles ; for each ad- 
 ditional passenger, 50 cents. AVhen engaged by the hour for shopping, 
 or going from place to place, and stopping as often as may be required, 
 $1.50 per hour. 
 
 Twelve squares are a legal mile. In case of dispute appeal to the 
 Mayor or to the Chief of Police, cor. of Fifth and Chestnut Sts. 
 
 N. B. Chestnut St. south to Prime St., about one mile. 
 
 Chestnut St. north to Brown St., about one mile. 
 
 Delaware River, to Twelfth St., about one mile. 
 
 Delaware River, to Schuylkill River, about two miles. 
 
 Camden and Amboy depot, Walnut St , to New York depot, about 
 two miles. 
 
 Camden and Amboy depot, AA^'alnut St., to Baltimore depot. Broad 
 and Prime, two miles. 
 
 RAILROAD DEPOTS, AND HOW TO 
 REACH THEM. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA EAILROAD DEPOT. 
 
 This depot is located at Thirty-second and Alai'ket Sts. By an ex- 
 change ticket, costing 9 cents, it can be reached from anywhere on the 
 Tenth and Eleventh, Twelfth and Sixteenth, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, 
 and Seventeeth and Nineteenth St. car lines, getting out at Market St , 
 and there taking the Market St. cars. 
 
 KENSINGTON DEPOT. 
 
 This depot is located at Front and Berks Sts. The white cars of the 
 Second and Third St. line, and the Fifth and Sixth St. cars run directly 
 
70 RAILROAD DEPOTS. 
 
 to it, and the Union line carries passengers from anywhere over its 
 route to within one square of it for one fare of 7 cents. 
 
 NORTH DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Berks and American Sts. The green cars of the Second 
 and Third St. line and the Fifth and Sixtli St. cars run directly to it 
 for one fare of 7 cents. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON, AND BALTIMORE 
 DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Broad-St. and Washington Avenue. The Union line, and 
 Thirteenth and Fifteenth St. cars carry passengers directly to it for a 
 single fare of 7 cents ; and for an exchange ticket over the Thirteenth 
 and Fifteenth St. line, passengers can reach it from anywhere on the 
 lines of the Lombard and South St., Spruce and Pine, Chestnut and 
 Walnut, Market St., Arch St., and Kace and Tine St. cars. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD DEPOT. 
 
 The Callowhill St. line runs directly to the depot, and so does the 
 Thirteenth and Fifteenth St. line. An exchange ticket via the 
 Callowhill St line will carry passengers directly to it by way of any 
 line running north and south, except the Union line. Persons living 
 on Girard Avenue take Girard Avenue line and buy an exchange 
 ticket down Thirteenth St. 
 
 GERMANTOWN DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Ninth and Green Sts. It can be reached by the Union 
 line, and by both lines running vip Eighth St. 
 
 Trains leave the Germantown depot for Germantown, Chestnut Hill, 
 Manayunk, Conshohocken, Norristown, Plymouth llailroad, Chester 
 Valley llailroad, Perkiomen Eailroad, Pickering A'alley Railroad, 
 Colebrookdale Railroad, Phoenixville and Pottstown. 
 
 WEST JERSEY DEPOT. 
 
 Located at Camden, N. J. This is the railroad that runs to Cape 
 May. The Market Street Ferry-boats carry passengers to it. The 
 Union line, and Market St. line run to Front and Market Sts., and 
 passengers on the line of Tenth and Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, 
 Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and Nineteenth St. cars can 
 reach it by an exchange ticket over the Market St. road. 
 
 CAMDEN AND ATLANTIC DEPOT. 
 Foot of Vine St. Piace and Vine St cars, or an exchange over this 
 line from anywhere on Tenth and Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fifteenth, 
 Twelfth and Sixteenth, and Seventeenth and Nineteenth lines. 
 
DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING. 
 
 « 
 
 COAT. 
 
 Lengtli, from 1 to 2 and 3. 
 
 Arm, 4 to 5 and 6. 
 
 Around the breast, under 
 
 the coat, 7. 
 Around the waist, under the 
 
 coat, 8, 
 Height, — feet — inches. 
 "Weight, — lbs. 
 
 VEST. 
 
 Length, from 1 to 13, with 
 last two coat measures. 
 
 PANTS. 
 
 Outside seam from top of 
 
 waistband, 10. 
 Inside leg seam, from crotch, 
 12. 
 Around the waist, under the coat, 8. 
 Around the hips, under the coat, 14. 
 
 We are doing a very large and increasing business by the above sys- 
 tem of measurement, which is used successfully by hundreds of our 
 patrons. Samples and prices promptly forwarded by mail upon re- 
 quest. 
 
 DEVLIN 8l CO. 
 
 P. O. BOX 2256. NEW YORK. 
 
THE AMERICAN YOKE SHIRT. 
 
 UNRIVALED FOR ITS 
 
 FIT, ELEGANCE, AND DURABILITY. 
 
 MODE OF MEASUREMENT. 
 
 1. Size of Neck, at 1. 
 
 2. Length of Shirt, from 2. 
 .1. Length of Sleeve, from 3 to 4, 
 
 and 5, and 6. 
 
 4. Across the breast from 7 to 8. 
 
 5. Around the Breast. 
 
 6. Around the Waist. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 state, when ordering, whether- 
 
 Open Front or Back, 
 High or low at neck. 
 Style of Bosom, plain or plaited. 
 Cuffs attached or detached. 
 Collars attached or detached. 
 Buttons, Studs, or Eyelets. 
 Collars and cuffs detached from the shirt involve an extra expense. 
 
 We are the sole manufacturers of the above Shirt, which we supply 
 either ready-made or to order. Our stock of Fancy Shirtings is always 
 large. Prices and information promptly forwarded by mail, when re- 
 quested. 
 
 DEVLIN &. CO. 
 
 p. O. BOX 2256 NEW YORK. 
 
 1106 F Street, Washington, D. C 
 

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