J-B^ GoK-ii^ht]^". COl'VUIGHT DEPOSm 1 11 11' I it|i i i> In hi I |N||ii|i|!lllllM||||||l||!l|||||||||||l i ll'inii 'i'n' P l'''''^^ II li! llii iilj!' iji !!!!! !|!!|!r !||l!!|!|t!il!!!!''i;,,|n^ '!llill!!!l!IP 1 1 iillllllllil I ii II illililiil Mi !!|l illlilllllilllilll PREFACE. " I am wonderfully delighted to see a body of men thriving in their own fortunes, and at the game time promoting the public stock, or, in other words, raising estates for their own families, by bringing into the country whaterer is wanting, and carrying out of it whatever is superfluous. Nature seems to have taken particular care to disseminate her blcssirgs among the different regions of the world, with an eye to their mutual intercourse and traffic among mankind, that the nations of the several parts of the globe might have a kind of dependence upon one another, and be united together by their common interest." — Addison. In offering this book to the public the aim of the publishers has been to present in a concise manner the principal events in the history of New Haven County, and a brief review of its leading business interests. In the following pages will be found descriptions of the immense manufacturing establishments to whose influence Connecticut owes much of its fame as a manu- facturing centre. We doubt if there is a section of the United States, with the same population, whose manufactures are so celebrated the world over, as are those of New Haven County. The financial institutions and wholesale and retail houses described in this A'olume are also leaders in their particular lines, and their push and enterprise is rapidly extending the influence of New Haven County as a great trade centre. In conclusion, we beg to extend our hearty thanks for the liberal patronage this work has received. While we expected to issue but five thousand copies, our advance orders have necessitated the printing of eleven thousand copies to supply the demand. ' *• ' '•' MERCANTILE PUBLISHING CO. INDEX. ARCHITECTS, Ete. Allen & Tyler ^"^ 9^ Austin, Henry & Son 169 Jackson, J. A. (Waterbury) 215 LaForge, F. W. (Waterbury) (civil engineer) 218 Itobinson, L. W ona Russell, K. G u> Stilson, C. H ".'.'.'.'.'.*.'.'.'.'!.'."!' 148 Searle, Silas W. (civil engineer)! ." ." .' . ...... . 178 ART STORES AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. Augur, H. J. (art store) lOO Beers, W. A " jgy Bundy & Filley 177 Cramer, E. A , , jg^ €ut ler, Evarts (art store) .' .' ." '. .* .' .' ". .....,." 94 DahlHieyer, Wm. (art store) 1 77 Donnelly, W. F .....!!.'."!!.".'."." 180 French's Photographic Studio (Meriden) 243 Hull, O. N ■ j-j-g Mcintosh, W. C. (art pub.). 1 1 r Stoddard, I. H " 130 S'ahmer, Albert I. (Waterbury) .' 2I8 Woodin, F. H oq^ BANKS AND BANKERS. Bunnell & Scranton 74 Connecticut Savings Bank gO City Bank of New Haven qq Hatch, W. T. &Sons '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..["" 97 Mechanics Bank ' ' .-.« llerchants National Bank 34 National Tradesmens Bank 79 ]!Srew Haven County National Bank ........ 90 Savings Bank 93 National New Haven Bank '"" 9(3 National Savings Bank ...... 102 109 1 Peabody, F. O. & Co Union Trust Co '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 9i Warren, H. C. & Co 88 Tale National Bank ' l. .].... . 78 BEER, L,IQi;OR, Etc. Hotchkiss, A. P Hull, Wm. & Son ...'!.'.'.;■■.■ .■ Mozart, The New Haven Malting and Brewing Co Tlie Scovill, J. C ■' 1QQ Tuttle. C. F Of ^ Walsh. K. (Meriden) .' ." .' .' .' .' ." .' ." .' ." ." ; ; ." ; " ; ; ; • 045 120 111 158 98 BRASS, IRON, STEEL, Etc. Carter, Edw. & Son (Ansonia) . . . 953 Ensign, Wooster A. & Son '.'.',',,' "gg Graham, JameN & Co 133 Osborne & Cheesman Co., The (AnsoiaiH) .* ! ' 255 Shelton Brwss Hardware Co 263 Stannanl, E. & Son 172 Wallace & Sons ( Annonia) ...!.'.!!.*.!!..'.' 253 BOOTS AND KHOES. Butler & Tyler (wholesale) 103 Schleiter. H. L. (Meriden) ." ! ! ! .' 234 Wolfe, Benjamin i^j BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. Andrus, Mrs. J. M 140 Burt, John I 154 Boschen, D j^g '^^rry, P ...*.'.'!.'.'.'!."."." 147 Hessler, M ^^q Hiliman, Henry 156 Hoadley, L. G * * 1 st-? Kutscher, C. F 174 New Haven Baking Co. ......".'.'" ' 2^5 Norton, Mrs G E 163 Snow's Fine Confectionery .. . 130 St. George Wm. G. ( W allingtbrd)' .' .' ." .' ." .' ." .' 269 lultle, J. W. T jg5 Thompson, W. H. (Meriden) [......['.'.'..'. 241 BOOKSEL.L.ERS AND STATIONERS. Allis, Geo. C. (Biimingham) 264 Bartholomew, L B " ' ^49 ( arr, James J 1 qtr Mitchell, D ."!.'.'.'.".'.".'.".*.'.'! 143 McCabe, S " 229 Kingsbury, W. H ......]...[. 143 Pease, Thomas H. & Son 133 Raymond, A. C 2n« Sills, E. T. (Meriden) .■.'.■.■.■.■ .' .' .' .' .' ." ; .' ." 245 CARRIAGE HARDWARE AND WOOD- WORK. Chapman Mfg. Co. , The (Meriden) .... 243 Cowles, C. & Co 7g Dann Brf>8 & Co . The 193 Enylish & Mersick '....... 75 Goodyear, L. F 115 Ochsner & Biichter 1,50 Shepard, H. G. & Sons '.".'.'.' 144 Seward, M. & Son 87 Wilcox & Howe (Birmingham) ...... . . . " ' 263 INDEX. CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS. PAGE Arnistrone, M. & Co 168 Beers, D\\ T. J 159 Boston Buckboard and Carriage Co., Tlie ., 142 Ciillom & Co 161 Hooker, Henry & Co 106 Hale, Henry & Co 153 Isbell's Sons, Morris 202 Johnston, Wni 162 Killnm, The Henry, Co 136 Moore & Watson 130 Manville, B. & Co ... 145 Manville & Dudley 151 Pope, F. B. & Sons (Ansonia) 253 Ronrke & Hnehey 146 Seabrook & Smith 112 Whitmore, Geo. E 114 CLOCKS, W^ATCHES AND JEWELRY, Etc. Bishop, E 180 Dnrant, John H. G 80 Dwight E. F. (Waterbury) 220 Earle, C. G 183 Johnquest, R. N. & Co. (Ansonia) 252 Johnson, S. D. (Wallingford) 270 Katsch. C. E 202 Segel, J 171 Zernitz, Edmund . 195 CORSET MANUFACTURERS. Foy, Harmon & Chadwick 94 Foster, (has. W. & Co 181 Mayer, Strouse & Co 87 Newman, I. & Sons 124 Rosenberg, I. & Co 81 Schiele, Lewis & Co 133 COAIi AND ^VOOD. Benedict «& Downs 131 Clark. C.W 114 Fairchild. E. L 192 H)ighes. Geo. W. H 200 Kimherlv, Enos S 113 McWeeiiey & Sabine 238 Potts, Fred. A. & Co 91 Townsend, A. A 130 CHINA AND GI.ASS\¥ARE. Blakp. H. H 166 Carroll. P. J 125 Ives, Isaac O . (Meriden) 229 O'Gorman, John 101 Bobbins, Geo. (Waterbury) 215 Tobin, Edw 173 CARPENTERSjlRUIUDERS, Etc. Brett, Edw. P 162 Beardsley Building Co. (Birmingham) 264 Clark, David H 92 Lowe Bros 203 Morean & Humiston Co., The 156 Smith, Wm. H. (Waterbury) 211 DRY & FANCY GOODS Sc miLLINERY. PAGE Bpckley, C F 141 Brown, F. M. & Co 73 Bretzfelder, S.... 92 Bishop, Mrs. Samuel 194 Hurley, Miss C. C. (Meriden) 240 Howard & Barber (Birminghiim) 262 Ives, Upham & Rand (Meriden) 228 Katsch, Clara H. (patterns) 191 Leary, Miss M. E 182 Mclntyre, Mnguire & Co 74 Moiison & Carpenter 103 McNiilty, Miss R 150 Pallman, C 89 Sugenheimer, J 179 Tomlinson, M A 80 DENTISTS. Boutwell, G. B. (Ansonia) 255 DevercHUX, A. J 141 Fuller, Austin B 206 Gates, C. E. (Waterbury) 220 Horton, W. S 187 Jones, Mrs, E. R 152 Jones, C. I. (Meriden) 237 Magnus & Powers, Drs. (Meriden) 234 Pendleton, J. E 206 Reed, J. H 158 Strong, Elias 148 Stiles, Isaac W 151 Stearns, G. 196 Stevens, H.I 20ft DRUGGISTS, Etc. Babb, Albert (Meriden) 239 Butricks, Clarence H 153 B^.l]ou, J. W 154 Beers, Nathan .1 170 Bishop, Henry IVI 192 Conway, C. H 183 Eagle Drug Store 166 Everit, W. L, Jr 160 Fleischner, C 133 Ford, Wm. E 140 Gessner, E. A 101 Hagerraan, Wm. (Meriden) 236 Hanover, Geo. B 165 Healy's, E. , Pharmacy 188 Higby, Henry S 184 MiiUiouse, John T 200 Lamping, Geo. (Meriden) 243 Leete, Chas. S. & Co. (wholesale) 116 Linde, J. & Son 128 Marvin. E. L. (Meriden) 247 North End Pharmacy (Waterbury) 217 Olmstead, James 195 Pixley, A. B.(Wallin2:ford) 270 Pickford, Thos. (Wallingford) 269 Smith, Geo. A. (Waillingford) 268 Salisbury Bros 201 Shepard, D 183 Swedish Antiseptic Amykos Co., The 175 Wells & Calhoun (wholesale) 82 FLOUR, FEED, Etc. Betts & Ailing 136 Bishop, S. H 179 Bradley & Davis 191 Hall, S. J. (Meriden) 239 INDEX. FliOUR, FEED, Etc.— Continued. PAGE Heater & Thurber ( Wateibury) 221 Merwin, N. W. & Co 181 Miller. S. D. & Co 74 Rusgt>]l, A. S. & Co. (Meriden) 241 Smith & Fowler, 140 Terrell, M. E 200 Talcott Bros. (Wallingford) 268 FLORISTS. Dickerman, Geo. A 133 Rosien & Henderson 174 Veitch, Robert & Son 125 FISH AND OYSTERS. Ackley, D. & Son 165 Barnes, A. B. (Fair Haven) 97 Brown, A. K 189 Hoyt Bros. Co., The 205 Merwin, Lewis H 195 Rowe, H. C. & Co 119 Reed, Chas 179 Reynolds, W. P 190 Snuth, Jeremiah & Sons, 109 Texido, M.,Jr 203 Union Fish and Oyster Co 182 FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKERS. Blair, R. & J. M. (also undertakers) 88 €liurch, H. J. (Meriden) 229 Flint, A. W 193 Gray, H. A 171 Griswold, D. P. (Wallingford) 269 Hemingway, C. A. (undertaker) 170 Kelly, P. J. & Co 185 Lewis & Mayco' k (undertakers) 84 Lindlev, John & Son (Anson ia) 254 New Haven Folding Chair Co., The Ill Twining, J. G. (Waterbury) 217 FRUITS, Etc. Holladay. J. G 151 Judson, John B 92 Rentz. C. H 152 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Wliolesale.) Andrew, F. S. & C". (City Market) 89 Bradley & Lee, (grocers' sundries) 121 Dewell, J. U. *fe Co 95 Elliott Blinn & Co 90 Emery, Alexander, 97 Merwin, S. E. & Son 96 Smith, Jas. B 197 Street, S. H. & Co. (food products) . . 117 Stoddard, Kimberly & Co 81 Strong, Barnes, Hart & Co 85 Yale,"Bryan & Co 83 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Retail.) Adams, S. S 190 Augur & Gardner (Meriden) 24: Andrew, F. S. & Co. (Fair Haven) 157 Bushnell, H. E. (Meriden) 245 Bailey, J. H. (Meriden) 245 Bristol, H. (Wealville) 202 Brown & Hugins (Meriden) 241 Barnes, B. F. (Meriden) 244 Barnes, Geo. M. (Meriden) 246 Broadway Cash Store, 179 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. (Retail.) Continued. PAGE Barnes. S. H 184 Beecher, V. M 140 Bradley Bros 171 Chidsny, L. D 99 Collins & Miller (Meriden) 237 Cook, F. K. (Ansonia) 256 Cafifery, M, F 174 Centennial Am. Tea Co 199 Chamberlain, A. L. & Co 200 Clinton, Chas. E 131 DUlon, John H 189 Dietter, John and Edw. C 194 Dore, D 202 Durand, E. F 160 Francis Brothers 203 Gallagher, P. (Wallingford) 270 Goodwin, H. C ]87 Geary, Wm 149 (^esner, F. F 184 Gili)ert, Elijah 182 Hatstat, Jolm W 110 Hotchkiss & Tuttle 146 Hall, N. C. (Meriden) 231 Jiulson, Willis G 186 Kearney, J. H. 167 Law. L. T. & Co. . . , 123 Lendroth, Frederick 170 Lutz, Robert 186 Molloy, Joseph 183 Monson, C. H 199 Nagel, John (Meriden) 241 Pagnam, Thos. (Wallingford) 268 Patience, M. F 141 Rattelsdorfer, J. V 201 Richards, Jacob P 187 Robbins, W. N 183 Smith & Kelsey 198 Schadee & Pohlman 178 Sheiflfele, Jacob F 165 Stevens, Robert M 140 Sperry, P. P 130 Schoenberger, L 120 Smith & Co 201 Somers, Geo. E 203 Towner, G. A 145 Uuion Pacific Tea Co 176 Wing Ying Loong & Co. 204 Warner, Jared 198 Young, Lewis A. (Wallingford) 269 Yale, F. L. & Bro. (Meriden) 240 HOTELS. Converse Hotel 146 Cony House (Wallingford) 270 Dayton House (Ansonia) 255 Elliott House 115 Earle's Hotel (Waterbury) 221 Grand Union Hotel 99 Ktnwick House 126 Moseley's New Haven House 83 Selden House 170 Schrader, C. W 175 Tremont House 117 Tremont House (Waterbury) 219 Tontine Hotel 127 Winthrop Hotel (Meriden) 235 Wallingford Hotel (Wallingford) 266 INDEX. HARNESS, Etc. PAGE Bostwick, Leonard 87 Brown, J. E. (Meriden) 246 Couch, Wm. H 117 Cummings, Geo. 1 157 Cutler, J. G. (Waterbury) 222 Hooghkirk, C. E 108 Levere, C. F 158 Ma( k, Abram E 149 Smith, Henry, 137 hardttare:, Etc. Abbott & Co. (Birmingham) 262 BrHdley, F. S. & Co 77 Bassett, John E. & Co 85 Birdsey & Foster (Meriden) 236 Bradley, Robt. B. (agricultural) 74 Chnrcl) & Morse (Meriden) 238 Ives, Hobart B. & Co 132 Mallett, S. S 112 Meriden Malleable Iron Co., The 231 Mather, J. T. (Wattrbury) 215 Sargent & Co 85 Yafe Caster Co., The 185 Warner, William A 181 HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTERS. Angus, J. A : 180 Blakeslee, D. & Co. (Waterbury) 217 Butler, John F. (Meriden) 245 Carter, Bela (Meriden) 239 Excelsior Sign Depot, The 116 Piatt & Thompson 168 Rida & Yungerman 96 Rockwood & Wheelock (Waterbury) 222 Twitchell, Geo. E 188 Wolcott, J. & Co 135 HATS, FURS, Etc. Brooks & Co 71 Bacon, Robt. T 92 Eliel, Adolph L. (Meriden) 243 Gans, EM 182 Osborn, E. S 72 Stevens & Brooks 79 Wilson, C. W. & Co 153 Wolf, John ; 135 INSURANCE. Bronson, C. H. (Waterbury) 221 BuUiiss, T. L. T. (Birmingham) 264 Callahan, Eugene A 162 Dudley, A. E & Son 167 Hall, E. D. (Meriden) 231 Home Life Insurance Co 121 HoUoway, G. E 154 Johnson, C. G. (Meriden) 244 Lindley, Jno. L. (Ansonia) 254 Metropolitan Life Ins. Co 152 Mutual Reserve Fund : . . . 94 McWeeney, John (Meriden 238 North's Ins. Agency 84 New York Life Ins. Co., The 194 Penn. Mutual Life Ins. Co., The 188 Pond, J. W 106 Squire, W. H. «te Co (Meriden) 242 Sperry & Kimberly 108 Smith & Root (Waterbury) 220 Thompson, C. S 159 Wilson McNeil & Co 86 LiIVERY STARIiES, Etc. PAGE Ailing, J. E. (Birmingham) 264 Broadway Stables 169 Cooley, Chester (Meriden) 229 Clark, B. B. (Meriden) 235 Cruttenden, S. H 184 Flint, A. W 172 Fitzoatrick, J 178 Graham, E. H 163 Hall Brothers (Waterbury) 222 Ingraham, N. P. ( Wallingford) 269' Keneley, M. F 201 Kinne, C. C. (Meriden) 246. Meriden House Livery and Sale Stables .... 243^ Parlree & Parker (Waterbury) 216- Standard Cab Co 95 Thompson, II. H 189> Union Club Stables 163- I^UITIBER, Etc. Ailing Co., The Thomas 7» Alling'sSonr for a purely theocratical government, desiring-to be Ijeyond the control of any emissary of the Crown, and perhaps influenced somewhat by the bitter religious dissen- sions with which already Boston was being agitated, decided to push on to Quinnipiac. On the 30th of March, 1638, the company, with considerable additions from the Massachusetts colony, embarked at Boston for Quinnipiac. After a tedious voyage of a fortnight, they arrived at the desired haven, where they found their companions who had passed the Winter there, — with the exception of one John Beecher, who had perished during the Winter, and whom, it is supposed, was the founder of the famous Beecher family. The company sailed up West Creek, nearly as~far as the present College Street. A prayer was made on landing, and deep religious feeling permeated the whole company. On their first Sunday at Quinnipiac, the 15th of April, they listened to a sermon by Mr. Davenport on the " Temptations of the Wilderness." The Indians had already come into friendly relations with the six white men, and gladly welcomed the new arrivals. For the first time, they now beheld white women and children ; they were particularly attracted to the English preacher, John Davenport, whom they soon came to call the "so-big-study man." , Not long after their arrival, the English observed a day of humiliation, fasting and prayer. At its close, a solemn compact was made, called a "plantation covenant." The terms of the covenant were as follows : That, as in matters which concern the gathering and ordering of a church, so also in all public offices which concern civil honor — as the choice of magistrates and officers, making and repealing laws, dividing allotments of inheritance, and all things of like nature — they would all of them be ordered by the rules which the Scripture held forth to them. Such, brief, recognizing no earthly potentate, with the Bible as its sole guide and arbiter, was the initial government of New Haven. While we may admire its simplicit}', and its freedom from all possible germs of corruption, we may well doubt if its exist- ence were possible in the present complicated state of society. 12 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT This was only a provisional government, to have effect until such time as a general acquaintance and mutual understanding should make it possible for them to definitely determine upon the form and nature of the " church-state " which all earnestly desired. The settlers immediately began to build dwellings near the spot where they had landed. They soon had laid out a district, half a mile square, on the east side of what is now George Street. John Brockett, an experienced engineer, surveyed and divided this district into nine equal sections. These were soon filled by the settlers, and several suburbs were then added. Their houses were mostly of two stories, many of them extensive and well built. It is said that Theophilus Eaton's house had nineteen fire-places, while John Davenport's contained thirteen. A few of the settlers, who had arrived later in the season, were, however, unable to erect dwellings, and had to pass the first Winter in ground caves. But, with the exception of these latter, there were few of the settlers who did not have their houses ready for occupation before the Winter set in. The original town plots, mentioned above, were divided among the several families, the amount of assignment differing according to the size of the families, and the amount each had contributed to the common stock. Among the chief of the oldest families were the Eaton, Davenport, Newman, Andrews, Atwater, Gregson, Goodyear, Turner, Gilbert, Fugill, Tench, Malbon, Chapman, Peck, Lamberton, Fowler, Crane, Marshall, Prudden, Yale, Cheever, Browning, Whitman, Osborne, Coggswell, Brown, Beecher, Hopkins, Punderson, Dixon, Kitchell, Tuttle, Marsh, Benham, Baldwin, Ailing, Tapp, Chittenden, Kimberly, Wigglesworth, Nash, Trowbridge, Potter, Clark, Thompson, Russell, Brewster, Mansfield, Hickock, Perry and Wilkes. By this distri- bution of the land, the families were kept together, and thus congenial neighborhoods were formed. Of the nine equal squares into which the town was apportioned off, the centre was reserved for a market-place and common. The beautiful " Green " of to-day bears witness to the foresight of the fathers. Wliile the colonists were busy building, fencing, and preparing for the next year's crops, they were gladdened by a reinforcement. A considerable party from Yorkshire, England, tempted by the brilliant reports that were then being circulated, had come down the coast on a pinnace to join the little company at Quinnipiac. They brought the good news that more were about to follow them. Though this was not immediately fulfilled, and a few of them proved defective, the majority formed a useful addition to the colony. The early settlers were experienced business men ; they had been but a few months in the new settlement before they had made sure of their title to it. The first business transaction of which we have record was the treaty with the Indians, whereby these owners of the soil voluntarily deeded all of their rights and interests to the colonists. The articles of agreement, which were drawn up November 24, 1638, between the colonists — represented by Theophilus Eaton and John Davenport — and the Indian sachem Momaugin, together with his sister, Shaunipishuh, and his chief men, Sugcogisin, Quosaquash, Cavroughhood and Woosauruck, are to the following effect : — Mrsf. That Momaugin is the sole sachem of Quinnipiac, and hath absolute and independent power to give, alien, dispose, or sell all or any part of the lands of Quinni- piac, and that whatsoever he and his companions shall now do and conclude shall stand firm and inviolable against all claims and persons whatsoever. Second. The said sachem and his company, among which there was a squaw sachem called Shaumpishuh, sister to the sachem, remembering and acknowledging the heavy taxes and imminent dangers which they lately felt and feared from the Pequots, NEW soldiers' monument ON EAST ROCK. {See description 071 page i^^ 14 A'^^ HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. Mohawks, and other Indians, and observing the safety and ease that other Indians enjoy near the English — of which benefit they have had a comfortable taste already, since the English began to build and to plant at Quinnipiac, which with all thankfulness they now acknowledge — jointly and freely gave and yielded up all their rights, title, and interest to all the lands, rivers, ponds and trees, with all the liberty and appurte- nances belonging unto the same in Quinnipiac, to the utmost of their bounds, east, west, north, south, unto Theophilus Eaton, John Davenport, and others, the present English planters there, and to their heirs and assigns forever; stipulating only that the said English planters should grant them such portions of ground on the east side of the harbor, towards the fort at the mouth of the river of Connecticut, as might be sufficient for them, being but few in number, to plant in ; and that this be under the entire control of the English, subject to such limitations as they might deem fit ; and the Indians, moreover, promising not to remove to another part of Quinnipiac without the consent of the English. Third. The said sachem and company, desiring to hunt and fish within the bounds of Quinnipiac, do hereby covenant and bind themselves not to set traps so as to injure the animals belonging to the English, nor in any way inconvenience them by their hunting. Fourth. The said sachem and company do hereby covenant and bind themselves that none of them henceforth shall hanker about any of the English houses at the time when they meet for public worship of God ; nor on the Lord's day, henceforward, to be seen within the compass of the English town carrying on any manner of business ; nor, henceforward, without leave open any latch belonging to any Englishman's door ; nor stay in any Englishman's house after due warning to leave; nor do any violence or injury to the person of the English, whether man, woman, or child, — and if the English do any wrong to the Indians, upon complaint, just recompense shall be made ; nor shall any of them henceforward use any Englishman's boat without leave ; nor come into the English town with bows and arrows, or any other weapons whatsoever, in number above six Indians so armed at a time. Fifth. The parties above named do truly bind and covenant to pay the full value of any cattle whatsoever of the English which they shall kill or hurt casually or negli- gently ; to pay double the value for any they shall kill or hurt wilfully ; and to bring back home any straying cattle of the English which they shall find, receiving a moderate price in recompense for the same. Sixth. The number of the men and youths of Quinnipiac Indians being forty- seven at present, they do covenant not to receive or admit any other Indians among them without leave from the English ; nor to harbor any that are enemies to the English, but to apprehend such and deliver them up; also to inform the English of any plots which they are aware are being formed against them by the Indians or others. Lastly. The said sachem and company do hereby promise truly and carefully to observe and keep all and every one of these articles of agreement, and to deliver up all of their number who shall break them to the English magistrate. In consideration of all which, they desire from the English, that, in any time of danger, they may repair to the English plantation for shelter, and that the English will defend them from all unjust injuries. But in any quarrels or wars with other Indians for which they are to blame, they shall not expect aid from the English. And the English planters, afore- mentioned, accepting and granting according to the tenor of the premises, do further of their own accord, by way of free and thankful retribution, give unto said sachem and company of Quinnipiac Indians, twelve coats of English tucking cloth, twelve achemy spoons, twelve hatchets, twelve hoes, two dozen of knives, twelve porringers, and four cases French knives and scissors. At the end of the treaty are a number of half moons and serpents, supposed to be the signatures of Momaugin, Quosaquash, etc., which would be too much for even a bank expert to decipher. The original treaty is a very interesting and valuable docu- ment, and we have therefore felt justified in making an extended transcription of it. In the following month, another treaty of a similar character was made with Montewesse, the sachem of a neighboring tribe. The territory thus gained by the NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 15 colony was thirteen miles wide by ten long, and contained what is now East Haven, North Haven, VVoodbridge, Hamden, Cheshire, Branford and Wallingford. Montewesse's tribe, which now came under the English protection, although occupy- ing this large tract of land, amounted to only ten men, with a proportionate number of squaws and pappooses. This land cost the colony the " free and thankful retribution " of twelve English coats. In February, 1639, Ansantawae, sachem of the Wepawaugs, sold to the colony the land now occupied by the town of Milford, for six coats, two blankets, one kettle, and a quantity of hoes, knives, hatchets, and looking-glasses. In the same year, the small tribe inhabiting the present town of Fairfield likewise sold a large part of their land to the whites. About the same time, Shaumpishuh, sister of Momaugin, and female chief of the Menunketucs, sold her land, consisting of the present town of Guilford, in the same manner that she had disposed of her interest in Quinnipiac the year previous. Thus, in about a year, the colony had come into possession of the greater part of the present County of New Haven. One would be apt to think that real estate was not then at a premium, but the Indians felt themselves fully repaid, and doubtless were so, by the protection of the English which they now received. The treaties were faithfully observed by both parties, without exception, and it would be fitting to remark here that none of the early settlers of this country were more just and humane in their treatment of the Indians than those of Quinnipiac. It is a source of pride, as we read the earliest annals of the city, to find them unstained by acts of oppression, robbery, or bloodshed against the first owners of the land. The first Winter passed at Quinnipiac was a very bitter one, but there does not seem to have been at that time, or at any subsequent period, any lack of bread, as was the case in many of the settlements. On the 4th of June, 1639, the colony formed its first constitution, — all civil business having, up to that time, been transacted by Davenport, Eaton, and other officers of the joint-stock association. A meeting of all the free planters at Quinnipiac was held in a barn belonging to Mr. Newman. After a sermon by Mr. Davenport, the foundations of their civil and church government were laid. In response to queries made by Mr. Davenport, the following decisions were unani- mously made : — First. That the Scriptures are a perfect guide in the government of families and commonwealths, as well as in matters of the church. Second. That all the free planters hold themselves bound by the " plantation cove- nant," made soon after their arrival, and covenant to submit themselves to be ordered, in all the business specified in that covenant, by the rules held forth in the Scriptures. Third. That all the free planters purpose and desire to be admitted into church fellowship as soon as it shall be possible for them. Fourth. That all the free planters hold themselves bound to establish such civil order as shall best conduce to the securing of the purity and peace of the ordinances to themselves and their posterity according to God. Fifth. That free burgesses shall be chosen out of church members ; and the power of choosing magistrates and officers from among themselves, of making and repealing laws, of dividing inheritances, of deciding differences which may arise, and like business, should be held by these burgesses. Sixth. That twelve men, fitted for the work of founding the church, shall be chosen, who shall choose out of their number the seven best fitted, and these shall begin the church. 16 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. The points most strikingly brought out in this agreement, the foundation stone of Church and State in New Haven, are : the perfect simplicity pervading the whole document; the universal desire of the colonists to be members of the church, not a single dissenter being found ; and the limiting of the elective franchise to the members of the church. It would be hard to find in modern times any civil government coming nearer than did this to the standard of the early Christian Church. In accordance with the agreement, the following twelve were chosen for the foundation work of the church : Theophilus Eaton, John Davenport, Robert Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Richard Melbon, Nathaniel Turner, Ezekiel Cheever, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson, William Andrews, and Jeremiah Dixon, Out of this number, Eaton, Davenport, Newman, Gilbert, Fugill, Punderson, and Dixon were chosen as the " seven pillars of the church." By these seven was formed the " first church of Christ in New Haven." It was gathered together and constituted on the 22nd of August, 1639. On the 25th of October, 1639, the same men, who may fitly be called the fathers of New Haven, met and organized themselves into the first civil court. Theophilus Eaton was chosen magistrate, "for the term of one whole year;" and Newman, Gilbert, Turner, and Fugill were chosen deputies to assist the magistrate. Thomas P'ugill was appointed clerk, and Robert Seeley marshal. Arrangements were made for " an annual renewing of officers," and now the little colony was fairly under way. An accession to the colony at Quinnipiac was received from Kent, England, in the early part of the Summer of 1639, but during the same year about one hundred and two of the planters left it, and founded the towns of Milford and Guilford — fifty-four going to the former, and forty-eight to the latter place. In the Fall of 1640, another re-inforce- ment arrived from Hingham, England, under the leadership of Mr. John Youngs. But this party soon left, almost intact, and, sailing to Long Island, founded the town of Southold. In the same year (1640), Stamford was purchased from the Indians by Captain Turner, as agent for the colony, and through her activity it was settled in November, 1640, by about twenty-two families from Weathersfield, Conn. Thus the colony at Quinnipiac was the fountain head, from which the stream of white population flowed in all directions through the surrounding country. The name of the colony was changed from Quinnipiac to New Haven in the Summer of 1639. The population of the colony at the end of the year 1640 was computed at about four hundred and sixty all told. Captain Turner visited the Delaware River in the Summer of 1640, and purchased territory for the New Haven colony along both sides of its bank ; this venture, however, proved unfortunate. As the plantations at Milford, Stamford, Southold, and Guilford became firmly established, they naturally desired to sustain close relations to the mother colony at New Haven; and finally, in 1643, ^^ agreement among them resulted in their consoli- dation as one colony, under the name and leadership of New Haven — members of the other towns, as the plantations at that time began to be called, attending the General Court held at New Haven. A general assembly of the colonies of New England was held in 1643, at which there were present representatives from the Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven colonies. The latter colony had sent Theophilus Eaton and Thomas Gregson. At that time the four colonies first united for mutual protection against the Dutch and Indians, under the name of the " United Colonies of New England." In 1644, Branford, a small town which had arisen between New Haven and Guilford, was NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 17 added to the New Haven Colony, and during the whole twenty-two years of its exist- ence, the jurisdiction of the Colony never extended over more than the five towns which have been mentioned. In the years 1643 and 1644, considerable apprehension of an Indian revolt existed. A general outbreak along the whole line of colonies seemed imminent, but, with a few exceptions, all bloodshed was averted. New Haven sent re-inforcements to Fairfield and Stamford, as these towns had weak forces, and were peculiarly open to Indian attacks. But when the Dutch colony made a request, in the same year, for help against the Indians, New Haven refused to do anything more than to send them such food as was necessary to prevent actual starvation. Their main inducements to this course were: the fact that joining separately in war was prohibited by the terms of the confed- eration made between the United Colonies of New England, and their belief that the Dutch war with the Indians was unjust. It was at this period that difficulties arose between New Haven and New Nether- land. Commencing in 1642, and continuing for several years, the Dutch, in many wavs, harassed the little settlement New Haven had established on the Delaware, Mutil eventually it had to be abandoned. A most interesting, yet perhaps not entirely accurate, account of an expedition sent by VVilhelm Kieft, the Governor-General of New Netherland, against the settlement on the Delaware, will be '"ouna m Irving's *' Knickerbocker History of New York." *">' rritorial d'sputes with tb j Dutch concern- ing the land lying between New Haven a.x\( >Jew Netherland cof.tinuf d almost witliout intermission until, in 1664, the latter came under the Jominion ot the English, In the year 1647, ^ number of the <=pttlei i.scouraged Sy the failure of the Dela- ware venture and the general business depr-ssiun. among whom were Mr. Gregson and Captain Turner, set sail for England, but wtf neve." heard of after. The legend of the " Phantom Ship," which this event produc'.;d, nas been beautifully expressed in a poem by Longfellow. The famous " Blue Laws " came into being about this time. There had long existed a great need of a written and definite system of laws, and in 161^5, Governor Eaton was empowered to perfect such a code. The result was the embodiment of the Scriptural rules, which had been the basis of the colonial government since its inception, in a series of civil statutes. This code continued unabrogated until the :.nion of the Con- necticut and New Haven colonies, and did good service, though it h;i5 been recipient of much ridicule in later times. The company suffered a severe loss, in the early part of 1658, by the death of Theophilus Eaton, who had been its chief magistrate since the foundation of the government, having been elected nineteen successive times. Governor Eaton was born in 1592, at Stony Stratford, Oxfordshire, England. He was bred as a merchant, and for many years was one of the leading business men of London. At one time he was the agent of the King of England at the Court of Denmark. Later he accompanied Mr. Davenport to New Haven, and with him was one of the two chief founders of the Colony. On the monument erected to him by the Colony were the words : " Eaton, — so famed, so wise, so just, The Phoenix of our world, — here hides his dust; This name forget, New England never must." Stephen Goodyear had been chosen Deputy-Governor with the same regularity that Eaton had been elected Governor, and at the death of the latter, Goodyear would naturally have succeeded him. But as Goodyear was absent at the time, the 18 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. colonists chose Francis New-man as their chief magistrate. Goodyear was so universall) admired, that, had he lived to return, he would probably then have been chosen Go> ernor. He died, however, in London, June, 1658. Governor Newman, after having been twice re-elected, died in November, 1660. His death occasioned deep sorrow, and some difficulty was experienced in obtaining hia^^ successor. The restoration of the Stuarts, in the same year, caused general anxiety throughout the New England Colonies, which had been strong supporters of Cromwell, and the position of magistrate was deemed of an uncertain tenure, and fraught with much danger. Finally, Mr. William Leete was chosen Governor of the New Haven Colony, and Mr. Matthew Gilbert as Deputy-Governor. These gentlemen continued in office until the government of the Colony was dissolved by its union with Connecticut in 1665. About this time New Haven was excited by the visit of the regicides. Fleeing from England on the return of Charles the Second, whose father they had condemned to death, Generals Whalley and Gofif arrived in Boston, July 27, 1660. Edward Whalley came of an old and honored family. He was a first cousin of the Lord-Protector. During and after the civil war he held many important offices. He was the keeper of Charles the First, during the King's imprisonment, and his signature appears as the fourth upon the death warrant of the King. William Goff was the son of Rev. Stephen Goff, a Puritan divine of Sussex, and pursued a military course similar to that of his friend. General Whalley. Like his friend, he rose from a private soldier to a Major-General, and was also the trusty friend and associate of Cromwell. He gave valuable aid in purging the " Long " and " Rump " Parliaments, and was one of the strongest advocates of the King's death. After a year spent at Boston, the two Generals hastened on to New Haven, urged thereto by a Royal Proclamation against them. Their subsequent history would form good material for a most exciting romance. They were sheltered first by Mr. Daven- port, and then made various excursions into the surrounding countr)', in order to mis- lead their pursuers, who were soon at their heels. They lay concealed for many days in Judge's Cave, on the summit of West Rock. There are several places and buildings in this vicinity which tradition declares offered them some shelter, however poor, while they tarried here. They found many friends in New Haven, and the people generally tendered them the sympathy and aid which they so much needed and deserved. When the officers of the Crown visited New Haven, the magistrate and people showed them every civility, and were officious in aiding their search, while at the same time they did their best to secrete the refugees. They well said, " We honor his Majesty, but we have tender consciences." Their " honor " of his Majesty was not very deep, and was bounded only by their fears. Any open disobedience would have cost them dear, so they tendered the regicides the best aid they could in secret. Whalley and Goff left New Haven in 1664, and went to Hadley, Mass. It was supposed that after their death their bones were brought to New Haven and buried in the Green, near the monument of Colonel Dixwell, but later research has rendered this very doubtful. Colonel John Dixwell, another of King Charles' judges, came to New Haven secretly about 1670. He lived here in a very quiet manner for eighteen years, under the pseudonym of James Davids. He was a close friend of the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, and disclosed his whole history to him. But toward all others he observed a perfect reticence until his death. He was several times nearly detected,. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 13^ once, particularly, on the visit of Governor-General Andros to New Haven, in the year 1686. He was married twice during his residence at New Haven, and left two children At his death, in 1688, he disclosed his real name to the people, but requested that only his initials should be carved on his grave-stone, "lest his enemies should dishonor his ashes." The monument erected to him by his descendants, in 1849, stands on the " Green," in the rear of the Center Church. The return of the Stuarts was the beginning of trouble for New Haven, which, finally ended in its extinction as a separate colony. In the year 1662, the Connecticut Colony obtained a charter from Charles the Second, granting them most unexpected powers, and the jurisdiction over a territory almost corresponding to the present State. By it, according to Bancroft, " Connecticut was independent, except in name," and New Haven was included in her territory. Then ensued a long controversy over the union. Connecticut made the first overtures in November, 1662, hoping that the matter might be settled to Aer advantage peaceably. She received disaffected citizens from Southold, Guilford, and Stamford, before any agreement had been made, and seems to have shown a most avaricious spirit throughout. The great " bone of contention " was- the question of suffrage. New Haven limited it to church members, while in Con- necticut the only requisite was the possession, " by an orderly citizen," of a certain- amount of property. At length, after three years of bitter disputings, New Haven being overborne in this particular, and in the other of her peculiar tenets respecting the relation of Church- and State, the union was completed in January, 1665. The arrival of Commissioners of the Crown, as well as the pacific efforts of Governor Winthrop of Connecticut and Leete of New Haven, facilitated this event. The period of New Haven's autonomy, lasting twenty-seven years, is one of the most interesting in her history. The idol of its freemen's hearts, the " church-state," in spite of all discouragements and defeats, had proved a great success. Under it a civil order and public morality, which was almost unequalled even among the other New England Colonies, had arisen. How dear it had become to them all is proven by the reluctance with which they surrendered it. The domestic and social life of New Haven during this period differed little from that of the other colonies. Simplicity and the subservience of all things to practical religion were its chief characteristics. The humane treatment of the Indians has been already mentioned. The earliest beginning of business and education in the colony, we shall refer to later. New Haven, like the other colonies, had a military organization, consisting of all the males capable of bearing arms, fr-)m sixteen to sixty being the legal age. The average number of this company, during the twenty-seven years, appears to have been about three hundred. They were subject to the strictest military discipline, but no opportunity occurred for them to show their valor by any brilliant achievement, as^ New Haven was not troubled by any important war during the whole period of her existence as a separate colony. 20 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. rnOM THE UNION WITH CONNECTICUT TO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. ^FTER 1665, a large part of the history of New Haven is identical with that " of Connecticut. We shall confine this sketch to points that are of particular local interest. It took many years for New Haven to forget the injustice which had been shown toward her by Connecticut. The whole afTair was a bitter disappointment to the Rev. Mr. Davenport, whose heart was set on the church principles which were defeated. Two years later, in response to a call from Boston, he left New Haven to take the pastorate of the First Church at that place, much to the sorrow of his old and beloved people. His ministry at Boston, however, was very brief, as he died there on the 27th of March, 1670. So passed away one of the most remarkable men of early New England, and the man to whom New Haven owes more than to any other. He was born in 1597, at Coventry, England, of which place his father was Mayor. Educated at Oxford, and taking orders in the Established Church at the early age of nineteen, he soon attained celebrity as the Rector of St. Stephen's Church, London. His eloquence and charity •excited the opposition of Bishop Laud, and when, after long and earnest thought, Davenport became a Non-Conformist, heavy persecutions were heaped upon him. Driven to Holland in 1633, he there made the plans for "a city in the wilderness," ot which New Haven was the result. He was one of the last of those who had laid the •' foundation stones," and with whose death many unpleasant memories of the contro- versy between the two colonies passed away. New Haven. took part in "King Philip's War," and in most of the colonial expedi- tions which were made during the last quarter of the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth centuries. The noted English evangelist, George Whitfield, visited New Haven in October, 1740. A great revival of religion was the immediate result, as was uniformly the case at all parts of New England visited by Mr. Whitfield. Now, for the first time since the foundation of the colony, a new church was formed in New Haven, and, naturally, its establishment brought about considerable agitation. The " Separatists," as they were called, met with much opposition, and two Yale students, who joined them in 1744, were expelled from the college. The passage of the " Stamp Act" by the British Parliament, in 1765, created much -" uneasiness " among the New Haven people, and they made it so lively for the stamp agent, Mr. J. IngersoU, that he soon was glad to resign. The account he published concerning the way in which he was induced to so act, reads like the description of a " Ku-Klux" raid, only it happened that this time justice was obtained. At this period, two of the most prominent men in New Haven were Roger Sherman and Benedict Arnold, both soon to become celebrated, but in very different ways. During the Revolutionary War, New Haven took an active and honorable part. As soon as the news of the battle of Lexington was received, Benedict Arnold assembled the troops of New Haven, of whom he was captain, and forty of them signified their desire to accompany him to the war. He arrived with his company at Cambridge, among the first of the American troops. The New Haven detachment was the best equipped and trained of all the native forces, and their soldier like appearance occa- sioned much surprise, even among the British. Many of them afterward accompanied Arnold on the famous expedition into Canada. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 21 TEMPLE STREET WALK ON THE GREEN, AS AT PRESENT. Though sharing all the dangers and anxieties of the time, New Haven suffered actual invasion but once during the war. This occurred July 5, 1779. A large British fleet, carrying over three thousand land forces, anchored off" New Haven harbor early in the morning of Monday, the 5th of July. Their arrival put an abrupt termination to the arrangements which were being made in the town for celebrating the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. One division of fifteen hundred men, commanded by Brig. -Gen. Garth, landed at West Haven, and advanced upon the town from that side. General Tyron led the rest of the troops into the town by the way of East Haven. Each division met with spirited resistance. Gen. Garth's corps did not reach the " Green " till one o'clock in the afternoon, while Tyron's did not succeed in coming up until evening. Captain James Hillhouse with a small band of brave young men, among whom were some Yale students, opposed the progress of the royal troops from West Haven. As the enemy advanced, they were assailed on all sides by a galling fire. This threw their line into great confusion, but they kept steadily on. When they arrived at Milford Hill, their adjutant, Colonel Campbell, was shot. He was a noble man, the idol of the British troops, and had saved the lives of many of the people of West Haven as the army was marching through. A small stone, near the place of his death, with the simple inscription, "CAMPBELL, 1779," marks the grave of this brave and tender- hearted British officer. 22 ^EW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. A little farther on, Dr. Nathaniel Daggett, Ex-President of Yale College, was cap- tuied while fighting with great vigor. The following statement made by an eye witness, Hon. Elizur Goodrich, at that time a student in Yale, is a striking and fair picture of the " spirit of the time." " I well remember the surprise we felt, as we were marching over West Bridge, towards the enemy, to see Dr. Daggett riding furiously by us on his old black mare, with his fowling piece in his hand ready for action. We knew the old gentleman had studied the matter thoroughly, and had settled in his own mind as to the right and propriety of fighting it out, but we were not quite prepared to see him come forth in so gallant a style to carry his principles into practice. Giving him a hearty cheer as we passed, we turned at the foot of Milford Hill towards West Haven, while he ascended a little to the west, and took his station in a copse of wood, where he appeared to be reconnoitering the enemy like one who was determined to bide his time. As we passed on toward the south, we met an advance guard of the enemy, and from our stand at a line of fence, we fired on them several times, and then chased them the length of three or four fields as they retreated, until we found ourselves involved with the main body, and in danger of being surrounded. It was now our turn to run, which we did for our lives. " Passing by Dr. Daggett, in his station on the hill, we retreated rapidly across West Bridge, which was instantly taken down by persons who stood ready for that purpose, to prevent the enemy from entering the town from that road. In the meantime, Dr. Daggett, as we heard afterwards, stood his ground manfully while the British column advanced to the foot of the hill, determined to have the battle to himself, as we had left him in the lurch, and using his fowling-piece now and then to excellent effect, as occasion offered, under cover of the bushes. But this could not last long. A detach- ment was sent up the hillside to look into the matter, and then the commanding officer coming suddenly, to his great surprise, on a single individual in a black coat blazing away in this style, cried out : "'What are you doing there, you old fool, firing on his Majesty's troops?' " ' Exercising the rights of war,' rejoined the old gentleman. " The very audacity of this reply, and the mixture of drollery it contained, seemed to amuse the officer, and he said : '"If I let you go this time, will you ever fire again on the troops of his Majesty? ' " ' Nothing more likely,' rejoined the old gentleman in his dry way. " This was too much for flesh and blood to bear, and it is a wonder that they did not put a bullet through him on the spot." His account of the way in which he was abused is a fair representation of the cruelty shown by the British troops to their prisoners of war. He died a few months later from the effects of the brutal treatment he received at their hands that day. By this time, Captain Hillhouse and his little company had received many re-inforce- ments. They now numbered about one hundred and fifty. Captain Phineas Bradley came up with two small cannon, which did excellent service. A considerable number of the New Haven militia, under Colonel Aaron Burr, had also arrived. The militia of the surrounding country kept pouring in, and the patriots made a gallant fight, contest- ing every step of the way. Gradually, and with great losses, Gen. Garth's division advanced into the town as far as the corner of Chapel and York Streets, where the patriots made their final stand. A cannon was brought and fired down the road, and from that point the British marched unmolested to the " Green." Though dispersed, the patriots were not routed. They hung around the outskirts of the town, watching the depredations made by the enemy, attacking stray parties, and preparing to make a general advance on the invaders in the morning. % NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 23 As soon as Gen. Garth reached the " Green," the town was given up to ravage and plunder. He sent word to Gen. Tyron, and immediately began to make arrangements for the destruction of the whole town. He is said to have ascended the belfry of the State House, and to have exclaimed as he gazed around, "This is too beautiful a place to burn." Be that as it may, it is known that the British had orders to burn the whole town, and, actuated probably by fear, did so to only a small part of it. According ta the diary of President Stiles, of Yale College, " the public buildings, as those of Yale College, the State House, the places of public worship, were injured little, if at all." A large number of private dwellings were burned and devastated. Many pathetic inci- dents of brutality shown by the soldiers toward feeble old men and helpless females are recorded, as was always the case during an invasion by the British. In Gen. Tyron's advance through East Haven, he was delayed several hours by a small fort near the harbor, now Fort Hale, with a garrison of only nineteen men and three pieces of artillery. It was not the first time that a few patriots had held a thou- sand Englishmen at bay. His march to the " Green," which took nearly two hours^ was opposed by the same spirited resistance that Gen. Garth had met. That night New Haven witnessed more crime and drunkenness than it had ever done before. There was a great abundance of all kinds of spirits in the cellars of New Haven, and, consequently, it was but a short time before the greater part of the British troops were as harmless as babes. Fortunately this event contributed to lessen the amount of damage done by the enemy, and hastened their departure the next morning. About sunrise they marched out of the town, many of the drunken soldiers being pushed at the point of the bayonet or the side of an officer's sword. Their total loss, killed, wounded, and missing, was sixty men and four officers. At the departure of the British, thousands of the country people flocked into New- Haven. Some of them, in the confusion, were base enough to add to the general loss by robbing the citizens of what was left. The soldiers already had taken, with a few exceptions, all the money, jewelry, clothing, and provisions which they could find^. besides destroying a great amount of household furniture and other things. Many of the families lost every thing their houses contained. Most of the Tories, who were protected by the British, were obliged to leave New Haven with them, so even they lost much of their property. As it may prove interesting, we give the official list of those of the Americans killed and wounded during this invasion, as published in the "Connecticut Journal,'" July 7, 1779: Killed — John Hotchkiss, Caleb Hotchkiss, Jun., Ezekiel Hotchkiss, Captain John Gilbert, Michael Gilbert, John Kennedy, Joseph Dorman, Asa Todd, Samuel Wooden, Silas Wooden, Benjamin English, Isaac Pardis, Jeduthan Thompson, Aaron Russel (a lad), Jacob Thorp, and Pomp (a negro), all of New Haven ; Eldad Parker, Walling- ford ; Bradley, Derby ; Timothy Ludlenton, Guilford ; John Baldwin, Gideon Goodrich, Branford ; and one person whose name is unknown. Wounded — Rev. Dr. Daggett, Nathan Beers (since died of his wounds), David Austin, Jun., Elizur Goodrich, Jun., Joseph Bassett, Captain Caleb Mix, Thomas Mix, and Israel Wooden. Taken — John Austin, Abraham Pinto, Jeremiah Austin, Nathan Drummer, Edmund Smith, and Elisha Tuttle (since dead of his wounds, whose tongue was cut out by the enemy), all of New Haven ; Atwater and a negro, of Wal- lingford ; and Benjamin Howd, of Branford. The total number of the " martyrs " was twenty-four killed, fifteen wounded, and nine captured. 24 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. Major-General Benedict Arnold had visited his old home in May, 1778, and had received a triumphal greeting, in recognition of his bravery and services to the govern- ment. None were more surprised than his old friends and acquaintances, when, in September, 1780, he betrayed his country to the British, winning for himself a name which for ignominy has been equalled by that of no other man save Judas Iscariot. He was not a native of New Haven, though he had dwelt here for many years, and had acquired some property. This was all disposed of to his numerous creditors, through two commissioners appointed for that purpose by the County Court. The following graphic account of the way in which New Haven celebrated the declaration of peace between the United States and Great Britain, is taken from the " Connecticut Journal " of May i, 1783: " Thursday last was observed as a day of festivity and rejoicing in this town, on receipt of indubitable testimony of the most important, grand, and ever memorable ^vent — the total cessation of hostilities between Great Britain and these United States, and the full acknowledgement of their sovereignty and independence. Accordingly, the day, with the rising sun, was ushered in by the discharge of thirteen cannon, paraded' on the "Green" for that purpose, under elegant silk colors, with the Coat-of- Arms of the United States most ingeniously represented thereon, which was generously contributed upon the occasion by the ladies of the town. At nine o'clock in the fore- noon, the inhabitants met in the brick Meeting House for divine service, where was convened a very crowded assembly. The service was opened with an anthem ; then a very pertinent prayer, together with thanksgiving, was made by the Rev. Dr. Stiles, President of Yale College ; after was sung some lines, purposely composed for the occa- sion, by the singers of all the congregations in concert. Then followed a very ingenious oration, spoken by Mr. Elizur Goodrich, one of the Tutors of the College ; after which a very liberal collection was made for the poor of the town, to elevate their hearts for rejoicing. The service was concluded with an anthem. "A number of respectable gentlemen of the town dined together at the Coffee- House. After dinner several patriotic toasts were drank. "At three o'clock were discharged thirteen cannon — at four, twenty-one ditto — ^^at five, seven ditto — at six, thirteen ditto — at seven were displayed the fire-works, with rockets, serpents, &c. — at nine o'clock, a bonfire on the Green concluded the diversions of the day. The whole affair was conducted with a decorum and decency uncommon for such occasions, without any unfortunate accident ; a most pacific disposition and heartfelt joy was universally conspicuous, and most emphatically expressed by the features of every countenance." In the following year, January 21, 1784, part of the town of New Haven was incor- porated as a city, by an Act of the Legislature. The names of the first city officers were as follows : Afayor— Roger Sherman. S/ierij^s — EVms Stillwell, Parsons Clarke. Collector of Taxes — ^o'i.e^\v Peck. Treasurer —YLzz€^\2\\ Sabin. City C/^r/^ — Joseph Meigs. Aldermen— D^v\^ Austin, Isaac Beers, Samuel Bishop, Thomas Howell. Coimcilmen— James Hillhouse, Pierpont Edwards, Jeremiah Atwater, Abraham Augur, Henry Dag- gett, Stephen Ball, Ebenezer Beardsley, Joseph Bradley, Abel Burritt, Joel Gilbert, Joseph Howell, Jonathan IngersoU, Timothy Jones, Eneas Monson, James Rice, Elias Shipman, Joseph Thomson, Michael Todd, Ebenezer Townsend, John Whiting. Though many honorable aad talented individuals have been connected with the city government since then, there has, probably, never been a time when so many remarkable men were united in its various offices and boards, as was the case in the first year of its operation. Sherman, Austin, Howell, Hillhouse, and Edwards were the chief supporters of the movement which resulted in the granting of a City Charter by the State Legislature. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 25 New Haven was the fifth incorporated city in the United States, the others being New York, Philadelphia, Albany and Richmond. New Haven had the honor of being the first city incorporated after the United States had been recognized as independent. Boston was still a town, and looked with envious eyes upon New Haven's ambitious efforts. It was so arranged, by the original charter, that part of New Haven still remained a town, and since that time there have always been two (the city and town) governments here, which has often seemed an anomaly to those unacquainted with the true inward- ness of the matter. The city territory was designated as that " lying between the Quin- nipiac and West Rivers, and between the Mill River Meadows and the Harbor." All the rest of New Haven's territory continued under the old town government as formerly. About this time there arose that famous struggle between the " Town -Born " and the " Interlopers," which has come down almost to our day. Those who had been so happy as to open their eyes for the first time in New Haven, had a habit of looking down upon the poor unfortunates who came from outside. If one's ancestors could be traced back into the earliest days of the colony, that was an unquestionable prerogative to the highest social rights. The feeling of the " Town-Born " against those who had recently come to New Haven was carried considerably too far, especially when we remember that such men as Sherman and Hillhouse were among the " Interlopers," and that to them, as a class, the city has owed a large amount of her prosperity and growth. The amusing story is related, that the master of a ship from New Haven, during a tempest, as it was necessary to lighten the vessel, ordered the goods belonging to " Interlopers " to be thrown overboard, but carefully preserved the goods of the "Town-Born."' Many of our oldest citizens can remember how fiercely at one time this qmet but insidious feeling burned amid the social affairs of the city. But time has nearly oblit- erated this among other prejudices of the past. The first regular census of the city was taken in 1787. At that time the number of inhabitants was three thousand five hundred and forty, including one hundred and seventy-six students. The beautiful elms, which adorn the New Haven of to-day, were first systematically set out by James Hillhouse, one of the most enterprising and public-spirited men the city ever had, in June, 1787. He planted, with his own hands, the elms along Temple Street and Hillhouse Avenue, and was the leader of the movement which resulted in the planting of them throughout the town. His influence was powerfully felt in all the public works and improvements of the time. Grove Street Cemetery, which was laid out in 1796, having the honor of being the first cemetery in the world ivhich was divided into family lots, also owes its existence to the energetic efforts of James Hillhouse. In January, 1788, we note the first feeble beginnings of the afterward famous " Fire Department." Two companies, of seventeen men each, were enrolled, and a new- fangled " Fire-Engine " purchased. It was expressly forbidden to build bonfires in the street, or to smoke tobacco within four rods of any building. The latter provision^ however, did not work very well. In the year 1793, the city mourned the death of Roger Sherman, who had been Mayor for nine successive years, from the establishment of the office. He was one of the most remarkable among the great men of the time and country. Born in 1721,. at Newton, Mass., his early life was spent as an apprentice in a shoemaker's shop. He came to New Haven in 1761, and soon, by the exercise of that "common sense" which Jefferson called the " best of any man's in the United States," became one of her leading citizens. He passed through the various town offices ; was a member of the Connecti- 26 NEW HAVEN, PAS2 AND PRESENT. •cut Council ; a Judge of the Superior Court ; a member of the Continental Congress, in which he was one of the famous Committee who reported the Declaration of Inde- pendence ; also a member of the United States Convention, which drew up our present Constitution ; and, later on, a Representative and Senator in the United States ■Congress. Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, and Adams were among his intimate friends. He was honored throughout the country, but especially by the great men with whom he was associated in the Government. His signature will be found attached to the four most important documents of the time — "The Address to the King," "The Declaration of Independence," " The Articles of Confederation," and " The Constitution." Like Governor Eaton, he held the chief office in New Haven from the formation of the new government until his decease, and during that time was undoubtedly the greatest maa in the city or State. At the time of his death, beside the Mayoralty, he held the positions of Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut and United States Senator. The palatial residence, which he erected and occupied in his later years, is still standing on Chapel Street, ■directly opposite the College Campus. At the close of the eighteenth century. New Haven had about recovered from the -effects of the war, and was entering upon a period of prosperity. Her business interests had marvellously increased. The extensive oyster fisheries of to-day were already in •operation. She boasted a large fleet (for those days) of eighty-two ships, which traded principally with the West Indies, but visited, frequently, ports in all parts of the globe. There were now fifty-six trading shops in the city, a few of which had a large stock worth the enormous amount of three thousand pounds. With the advent and spread ■of newspapers, progressive ideas in business and public matters were coming more and more to prevail. In fact, the city life of New Haven, with all its activities and interests, was now fairly inaugurated. The moral status of the city could not, however, be said to have advanced. The Puritanic days were no more. Luxury and crime, with their inseparable attendant, poverty, had usurped no uncertain position among the stern virtues and simple life of the fathers, to the continual deterioration of the latter. The most common vice of the time was drunkenness, and temperance societies were then unknown. Slavery also had obtained quite a foothold in New Haven. The importing of slaves had been forbidden in 1774, but the domestic use of them was common. Numerous advertisements appear in the papers of that period, offering " likely negroes " for sale, sometimes in whole families, and in exchange for such commodities as rum and sugar. The practice was never tolerated by the moral sentiments of the people, and in a few decades it died a natural death. As soon as that class who want to make money by all and any means discovered that slavery would not pay, it lost their support, and that was the end of it. While historical accuracy compels us to take notice of these unpleasant particulars, yet much of the decrease in morality, at this period, can be traced to the sudden prosperity which followed upon the Revolution. War and riches are two of the greatest degenera- tive forces known. But the time was not lacking in heroes nor heroines. The key to the whole period and its spirit is the one word " Liberty." The intensity of the loving devotion and burning consecration with which the people had thrown themselves into the struggle for independence, can hardly be imagined now. New Haven was chiefly composed at that time of " Sons and Daughters of Liberty," and for more than six years, amid NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 27 poverty and death, everything was surrendered by the city in the purchase of that free- dom which was dearer than life. Let the tribute of never-ceasing admiration and gratitude be rendered to the noble men and women who defended and saved the New Haven of the Puritans, and to whom the New Haven of to day owes more than can ever be known or even estimated. THE GREEN FROM CORNER ELM AND CHURCH STS. amiE: i=i^ss:H]3srT dEnsTTTJi^-s". liw»>,HE nineteenth century opened most auspiciously. Contined prosperity seemed M*l r-^'^ to have dawned upon the city which had borne and struggled through so many ^1^!^ troubled days. But again it proved very short lived. The infamous " Embargo •^^^^ Act," which was passed by Congress December 22, 1807, almost entirely destroyed New Haven's extensive commerce. The Embargo excited bitter opposition in this city, as in all parts of New England, which was universally injured by it. New Haven sent a number of memorials to President Jefferson and Congress, praying that the disgraceful Act might be annulled. But all her efforts were unavailing. The Act remained in force until after the war of 1812 had begun, when New Haven had already jumped from the fire-pan of the Embargo into the fire of the war. 28 ^EW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. The war was the crowning blow to New Haven's commercial interests. Her shif>- ping trade has never fully recovered from the blow received at this period. There is, however, a brighter side to the matter, since the decay of the shipping business led to that transfer of powers which has resulted in the extensive manufacturing interests of modern New Haven. At the opening of the war of 1812-15, there were over six hundred seamen in New Haven. These were scattered among the various privateer and government vessels which contested, so successfully, England's supremacy on the sea. New Haven, as a city, did not take any active participation in the war, though at one time she barely escaped a second invasion. An amusing account of an unique naval contest, fought by a New Haven sea-captain, is reported by Mr. T. R. Trowbridge, Jr., of this city. As it is the best version of this historical story, and also an admirable picture of one of the most important features of the war — privateering — we give the full account, which runs thus : "The ' Actress' was a fine, fast-sailing sloop of sixty tons, and had for a crew forty- two young, able-bodied. New Haven County men, every one of whom was anxious to make his fortune by privateering. For an armament, the sloop carried eight small guns, with the usual assortment of small arms, cutlasses, boarding-pikes, etc. " The commander of the 'Actress ' was John Lumsden, an Englishman by birth, but a naturalized American. He was an able seaman, and had commanded several of the best New Haven ships ; his officers were experienced sailors. Thus appointed, she sailed from Long Wharf on the evening of the nth of July, 18 12 'on a cruise.' Reach- ing the open sea, early next morning, everything on board the privateer was put in ship- shape order, and a six weeks' cruise agreed upon. Sharp and anxious eyes scanned the horizon ; for a reward of fifty dollars was promised to the man who should first descry a vessel that should prove to be a ' Britisher.' " Nothing, however, was seen for several days, and the ship's company began to think privateering slow work, and to long for their farms ; when, to the joy of all, at daybreak, July 19th, on the northern edge of the Gulf Stream, a man on the fore- topmast rigging cried out, ' Sail, ho ! ' with the singular prolongation of sound that no landsman can imitate. "'Where away?' bawled the officer in charge of the deck. " ' A mile to the lu'ard,' was the reply, and then came the welcome words, ' and a Britisher, too.' " True it was. In a few moments the mist lifted, and less than a mile to the leeward of the privateer lay a huge British ship, to all appearances a merchantman. There she lay with all three topsails mast-headed, waiting for the morning breeze to spring up. From the fact that the topsails were ' mast-headed ' (hauled up to the head of the top- mast), the privateersman accepted it as a sure sign that the stranger was a merchant- vessel, and her capture was certain. There was on board the sloop a great contrast to the dullness of the previous days. Muskets, cutlasses, and boarding-pikes were brought on deck, and put in order ; the little eight pounders were swabbed out, loaded, and a supply of powder and shot placed near them. Aboard the ' Actress,' excitement and bustle were everywhere from stem to stern, " I am told when the commander first saw the ship, he was in the ordinary costume of a New Haven privateersman, namely, a tarpaulin hat, red shirt, and a pair of blue trousers ' cat-harpinned at the knee.' When he was satisfied that a prize was soon to fall into his hands, he retired to the cabin to array himself in a becoming manner, and shortly afterwards appeared on his quarter-deck, clad in a blue suit with red facings, and a cocked hat, all of which were loaned him by a Foxon militia captain, Jeduthan Bradley by name. " Sword by his side and speaking trumpet under his arm, the doughty sailor trod his weather deck, and after feasting his eyes for several minutes upon the Britisher, he gave his helmsman orders to put up the wheel. Forthwith the ' Actress,' with her two score valiant New Haveners, bore down upon the stranger ; and so certain was com- NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 29 mander Lumsden and his crew of securing the prize, that a crew of eighteen men were immediately told off to carry the ship into New London, if possible, — but into Boston, at all hazards. "All hands judged the helpless Englishman to be a London tea-ship from Canton, bound for Boston, and, of course, ignorant that war had been declared. They consid- ered, therefore, that their fortunes were made, and that lives of ease and luxury awaited them at home. "Just before the 'Actress' left Long Wharf, a friend of the commander, and a part owner of the vessel, had put on board a quarter cask of Jamaica rum, requesting that it should be drunk when the first prize should be captured. The captain and crew reckoning to a certainty that the Englishman was as good as captured, it was now pro- posed to drink the rum without further delay. The captain was a-t first opposed to it ; but after ;he prize crew had explained to him, that if ///ii2 1790 4)448 1890 85,320 1800 5»i57 1900 106,250 1810 6,967 1910 132,812 1820 8,327 1920 166,0-15 1830 10,678 1930 207,518 1840 15)820 1940 259,397 1850 22,529 1950.... 322,066 i860 39)277 i960 402,582 1870 . • • 50,840 1970 563,227 1880 62,880 1980 628,033 i; 76,600 1987 753 639 Fair Haven, or East Haven, the region lying between the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers, was annexed to the city in the same year, since which time the boundaries of the city have remained fixed. In 1873, New Haven was deprived of an honor which had been held for nearly two centuries — that of State Capital in conjunction with Hartford, the latter city now regaining the position she had occupied when the two colonies were first united. The following year, the increasing size of the city demanded a new division into ten wards, and two more wards were added in 1877. The last charter — that of 1881 46 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. OLD STATE HOTISK ON THE GREEN. — brought about a decided improvement, in postponing the city election until the first Tuesday in December, thus avoiding the excitement attendant on the national contest. The population of the city in 1880, had increased to 62,880, and at the present time is estimated by the city authorities to be in the neighborhood of 76,000. Already the near approach of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the found- ing of New Haven is once more turning the thoughts of all minds back to the early days of the city, and arousing much attention toward the appropriate commemoration of that important event. The time is one peculiarly fitted for retrospection. Standing upon the heights in 1887, and looking back over the first quarto-millennium of New Haven's existence, the most impressive incidents in her history rise up like mountain peaks before us; the era of civil war — with all the heroic efforts put forth by the city, and the sorrows which it brought — is yet vividly apparent across the vista of years, which seem but as yesterday yet years full of marvellous growth and change ; the period of prosperity and rapid advancement, coincident with the advent of railways, about the middle of the present century, stands next in prominence ; yet a little further back, the naval battles of the war of 1812 attract attention; the incorporation of New Haven as a city, in 1784, appears peculiarly significant as the inauguration of the present epoch in her history; the dark days of the Revolution stand out in bold relief, marked by all the horrors of invasion, and the more than compensating joys of independence achieved ; the year 1716, in which Yale College was moved to New Haven, is of especial importance as marking the commencement of an intellectual era in her life which since that time has NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. ATT POLICE BUILDING ON COURT STREET. been unsurpassed in brilliancy and power! the early struggles of the colony are brought forcibly to mind by the disputes and quarrels which accompanied the union of the two colonies of New Haven and Connecticut in 1665 ; the discovery of Quinnipiac in 1637, and the founding of New Haven in 1638, by Davenport and Eaton, mark the remote beginnings of her history. Could the early Pilgrim Fathers return to the New Haven of to-day, how would their plans for her power and usefulness, their hopes for her pros- perity and growth, be overshadowed by the grand results, which from the small begin- nings of the colony have been gradually evolving through the stages of village and town development, into the full and glorious activity of the city, during the last two hundred and fifty years. 48 ^EW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. DESCRIPTION OF SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. The height of this tribute to the heroes of America's battle-fields, from the base to the apex of the statue of the Angel of Peace, which surmounts it, is no feet; the height of the Angel of Peace is 1 1 feet. The pedestal of the Monument is a series of five'steps of granite, the lowest course of which is 40 feet square. These steps, with the exception of the top one, are 18 inches wide ; the top step is made 4 feet wide, forming a promenade around the Monument, The base is 17 feet in height, and constructed of uniform blocks of split or rough-faced granite. In each side of this masonry casements are built, but the only entrance is through the front one, which is supplied with heavy folding doors, and approached by three granite steps. The other casements are imita- tion entrances, but are also approached by steps. Between the base and the foot of the shaft there are 8 feet of ornamental masonry, on the four corners of which statues of Prosperity, History, Victory, and Patriotism are placed in a sitting position. They are 9 feet in height, and made of bronze. The Genius of History is seated in a graceful attitude, perusing a book, which she holds in her lap; Victory holds the usual laurel wreath and trumpet in her hands ; Prosperity has the familiar horn of plenty on her shoulder, and patriotism is a bare-armed and bare-necked warrior in the attitude of drawing a sword. Between the statues, and on each face of the masonry, are four historical bas-reliefs, commemorating the four great wars in which this country has been engaged since the first blow for liberty was struck at Lexington. Over the entrance, the scene depicted in this way is the surrender of General Lee to General Grant, at Appomattox. Figures of Grant and Lee occupy the foreground, and between them stands a little table on which the terms of uncon- ditional Surrender were made. On the topmost portion of the base and under the bas-relief are the words, in raised letters of granite: "Shiloh, Gettysburg and Antietam," and below these words and over the top of the casement, " 1861-1865." A bas-relief of General Scott entering the conquered city of Mexico occupies one of the other faces. "Palo Alto, Monterey, and Chapultepec," and the dates 1846-1848 are on the stone below. On the back of the Monument, the scene depicced is that of Commodore Perry on Lake Erie. The great commander is in the act of writing his famous despatch: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." This picture also represents the dismantled British fleet. On the base, under this picture, are inscribed the words : " Lake Erie, Bridgevvater and New Orleans." The dates over the casement are 1812-1815. The fourth bas-relief is a picture of the surrender of General Cornwallis, at York- town. A figure of Washington stands in the foreground, receiving the British generals' swords. "Bunker Hill, Bennington and Yorktown," and the dates 1775-1783 are below it. The shaft proper of the Monument is 75 feet high, circular, and slightly tapering, and 10 feet in diameter at the base, which rests on a sculptured wreath. Above this wreath appears a few feet of ornamental masonry, and then a band of thirteen chiseled stars, representing the thirteen original States. Above this are uniform unornamented blocks of granite until the look-out windows are reached. The-casements of these win- dows stand out prominently, and the ornamentations below them are very beautiful in design. The windows are about five feet high by two feet wide, and are at the termina- tion'^of a spiral staircase, which winds its way up through the column from the base. The apex of the Monument is very nearly cone-shaped, and is surmounted by the pedestal on which the Angel of Peace stands. Committee on Design. — S. E. Merwin, Jr., Chairman. S. J. Fox, Secretary. Gov. H. B. Harrison, Hon. H. B. Bigelow, Hon. James E. English, Prof. John F. Weir, Gen. Frank D. Sloat, Col. Samuel Tolles, Col. John Healey, Col. J. D. Plunkett, Theo. A. Tuttle, John Reynolds, John McCarthy, Conrad Hofacker. Building committee.— S. E. Merwin, jr.. Chairman. Hon. James E. English, Philo Chatfield. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 49 EDUCATION IN NEW HAVEN. FROM the earliest days of the colony, educational matters have always received the most careful and thorough attention in New Haven. John Davenport, one of the learned scholars among the early settlers of this country, and the leader of thought in the colony of New Haven for the first thirty years of its existence, just before leaving Boston in the early part of 1638, had helped to establish Harvard College. The found- ing of a similar institution in New Haven seems to have been contemplated by him from the first day of the occupation of Quinnipiac. His devoted efforts found fruition first in the organization of Hopkins Grammar School, and indirectly, at a later date, in the founding of Yale College. The first school in New Haven was opened by Ezekiel Cheever, one of the original settlers, in his own house, a few months after the settlement of the colony. Here, for the space of twelve years, he instructed the youth of New Haven in writing, reading, arithmetic, "ye Latine Tongue," and similar accomplishments, for a salary amounting to about $100 a year, which was raised to $150, after a few years' faithful service. Learned and skilled pedagogues continued to have charge of the town school, and to dispense knowledge to the boys — for the girls, as a rule, did not receive a liberal education then — until the establishment of a collegiate institute for the colony of New Haven in 1660. This institution was absorbed into the Hopkins Grammar School, which was organized in 1664, and named after the munificent Governor Hopkins of Connecticut. This celebrated institution has continued uninterruptedly since that time, being one of the oldest schools of its character in America. It is also one of the best college preparatory schools in this country ; and under the efficient management of Mr. W. L. Cashing, with a board of trustees, mostly composed of gentlemen connected with Yale University, it ably maintains, at the present time, the brilliant reputation gained in the past. It is especially adapted for those who contemplate entering Yale, and contains students from all parts of the country. A short time after the establishment of the Hopkins Grammar School, a " Dames School" was formed, which furnished, for the first time, to the girls of the more opulent families, an opportunity for a better education than could be obtained at home. Primary schools maintained by the town, and private institutions, have abounded in New Haven since the latter part of the seventeenth century. This state of educational affairs in the town — namely, the existence of the primary schools for rudimentary learn- ing, and of Hopkins Grammar School for more advanced study — continued until 17 16, the year Yale College was moved to this city, of which a detailed account will be given. Since that time New Haven has always possessed the atmosphere of the University town and city, with all the consequent broadening and uplifting of its intellectual Hfe. How much the city owes to the University for the unusually rich opportunities for 50 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. culture which it supplies, and for the gathering within her borders of representatives from all sections of the country — thus, in no small degree, augmenting her influence — it would be hard to estimate. The first graded schools were established in New Haven in 1854. Two years later the first Board of Education was organized. The Hillhouse High School was estab- lished in 1859, and has continued with marked success ever since. The elegant and commodious building which it now occupies was erected in 1872, at a total cost of about $125,000. It is four stories high, built of brick with sandstone trimmings, con- taining eighteen large rooms with a total seating capacity of four hundred students, and is, in all respects, one of the most beautiful and well-adapted public school buildings in the United States. The standard of this school, as of all the other public schools in the city, is very high. With thirty-seven school buildings completely equipped, a total average attendance during the past year of ten thousand four hundred and seventy-five pupils, a corps of two hundred and eighty-three competent teachers — affording opportunity for all the children of the city to obtain the best public school education possible — New Haven's school system is one of which she may well be proud. The full value of the school property belonging to the city amounts to about fifty million dollars. The maintenance of the schools during the past year cost over $350,000. Under the management of Mr. Samuel T. Button, Superintendent of Schools, with the cooperation of the Board of Education, and the Principals of the various schools, the most scientific methods of instruction are successfully employed in all the branches of New Haven's public school system. The unexcelled educational advantages of the city, coupled with its University spirit and privileges, have always made it very attractive to families desiring to obtain the most liberal training for their children, and have firmly established its position as one of the great intellectual centres of the country. YALE UNIVERSITY. The importance of this great institution, and the innumerable bonds of union between it and the city, render a detailed account of its history and character both pertinent and desirable. The first stone of Yale's foundation was laid in the latter part of 1 701, when a company of Connecticut ministers, of whom James Pierpont, of New Haven, was one of the leaders, met in this city and decided to found a college. At their next meeting, in Branford, each of the ministers laid a number of folio volumes upon the table, saying, "I give these books for the founding of a College in this Colony." In October of the same year, the new institution received the official approbation of the Connecticut Legislature, a rector was appointed, and the college was now fairly under way. The chief events in the history of the University will be narrated under the head of the administrations of the several Presidents, who have held office in the following order : Rev. Abraham Pierson, 1701-1707; Rev. Samuel Andrew, 1707-1719; Rev. Timo- thy Cutler, 1719-1723; Rev. Elisha Williams, 1726-1739; Rev. Thomas Clap, 1739- 1766; Rev. Naphtali Daggett, 1766-1777 ; Rev. Ezra Stiles, 1777-1795 ; Rev. Timothy Dwight, 1795-1817 ; Rev. Jeremiah Day, 1817-1846 ; Rev. Theodore Dwight Woolsey, 1846-187 1 ; Rev. Noah Porter, 1871-1886; Rev. Timothy Dwight, 1886 . NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 51 REV. ABRAHAM PIERSON. After Mr. Pierson was appointed Rector by the ten Trustees, November ii, 1701, the College was situated at Killingworth, the home of the Rector, for some time. The first student was Jacob Hemingway, who entered in March, 1702; the number soon being increased to eight. In a short time the College was removed to Saybrook, as a compromise between New Haven and Hartford. Here the first Commencement was held, in September, 1702, — five gentlemen who had already pursued studies at Harvard and other institutions receiving the degree of Master of Arts. The College continued to advance in numbers and influence until the death of its scholarly and devoted Rector, in April, 1707. REV. SAMUEL ANDREW. At the time of Rector Andrew's election to office, in April, 1707, and during the early part of his administration, there was much dissatisfaction over the uncertain situa- tion of the College, part of the students residing at Milford, others at Saybrook, Guil- ford, and Wethersfield, and still others at Hartford. Subscriptions were raised in the different towns of the State to induce the College to locate within their borders. New Haven raising the largest amount — about $3,500 — the College was accordingly removed hither in October, 17 17, but not without considerable opposition. The people of Say- brook were particularly enraged, and they caused the disappearance of over two hundred volumes belonging to the College library, during a scuffle which ensued on its way from their town to New Haven. A "commodious" college building had already been par- tially erected here, at the south-west corner of the present campus, containing about fifty Studies, besides the Hall, Library and Kitchen, and costing about $5,000. The College was soon, for the first time, comfortably settled in a building of its own. It was at this time that Governor Elihu Yale — then a prosperous merchant of London, but a former native of New Haven — was induced to give valuable assistance to the college which has since borne his name. He had made a vast fortune, while Governor of the East India Company, in India, and becoming interested in this intellectual departure of his native town, assisted it with several important donations, the largest being $1,000 in money and a valuable collection of books. In consideration of his generosity, the Trustees voted to name the new institution Yale College, and thus " Old Elihu " obtained immortality and fame. At the close of Rector Andrew's term, in February, 17 19, there were about forty students, and the College was now fairly established. REV. TIMOTHY CUTLER. Although Rector Cutler was very popular among the students and clergy at his accession in 1719, trouble soon arose over denominational questions. Mr. Cutler had tendencies toward the Episcopalian Church, and at the Commencement in 1722, it was discovered that he had agreed to go over to that body. A number of resolutions made by the Trustees were soon forthcoming, whereby the " Rev. Mr. Cutler was excused from all further service as Rector of Yale College." Accordingly he surrendered his office in October, 1722, after the shortest administration that has ever been held by any President of Yale College. He was a very learned and able man, and a sore loss to the College, though his religious tenets made the parting inevitable. Curing the four following years there was no regular Rector, the Trustees residing there, one at a time. 52 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. YALE CAMPUS AND THE "FENCE." for a month. The College made little progress during the interim, and nothing occurred of interest save the granting of its first medical diploma to Daniel Turner, of London, in 1723. REV. ELISHA WILLIAMS. The imperative call for a Rector resulted in the installation of the Rev. Elisha Williams into that office in June, 1726. Under his administration, the College soon began to improve and enlarge. Many eminent alumni were graduated at Yale about this time, among whom were the Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, President and Founder of Dartmouth College ; Rev. Aaron Burr, first President of Princeton College ; Chief- Justice Dyer ; and Philip and William Livingston, both celebrated patriots and states- men during the Revolutionary period. A number of valuable benefactions were also received : notably, the grant of fifteen thousand acres of land by the Connecticut Legislature, and also the gifts of the famous Dr. Berkeley, consisting of a large farm, — to be used for the establishment of scholarships, which exist to this day — and a very valuable collection of books. After a uniformly prosperous term of office, Rector Williams resigned in 1739, on account of ill health, his erudition and executive ability having established the College in the firmest and most progressive condition it had yet known. REV. THOMAS CLAP. Immediately upon the resignation of Rector Williams, the Rev. Thomas Clap was elected to succeed him, with great unanimity. Several important reforms and provisions NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 53 mark the early part of Rector Clap's administration. The laws of the College were first definitely tabulated, the library was put in a fine condition, and, in 1745, the first charter was obtained from the Connecticut Legislature, whereby the " body corporate " was first known as the " President and Fellows of Yale College in New Haven," a name never since changed. The College now increased rapidly, and in 1747, the number of students was one hundred and twenty. Connecticut Hall, now South Middle, was erected in 1750, the money for its construction being raised by means of a lottery sanctioned by the Legislature. At the time of its completion, "it was the most elegant and best building in the colony." In 1753 began the religious controversy which lasted with great bitterness throughout the remainder of President Clap's administration. The most stringent denominational regulations were established, which are interesting to look back upon as the embodiment of the Puritanic conservatism of the time. The first Chair in the College was founded in 1755, by the appointment of the Rev. Napthali Daggett as Professor of Divinity. The College Church, as a separate body, was first actually established in 1757. Trouble arose with the Legislature, in 1763, upon its proposal to establish a Committee of Visitation, to look into the affairs of the College, and reform abuses. Already embued with its characteristic independence, the College, headed by President Clap, resisted this attempt with great success, but not without raising considerable opposition. The Chapel — the present Athenasum — was completed in 1763, at a cost of about $4,000, and for many years served as the place for religious and oratorical exercises. The increasing hostility between the people of the Colony and the College authorities resulted in a revolt of the students, and they were encour- aged by the former in all manner of insubordination. The trouble reached a crisis in the Summer of 1766, when the tutors abdicated and the students were all dispersed. President Clap resigned his office at the Commencement in the following September, and died a few months later. He was an eminent scholar, and accomplished many things which told to the prosperity of the College, but a man marked by somewhat narrow religious fervor, and the enthusiastic sect-spirit of the early Puritans. This latter trait made his administration unpopular towards its close, but could not derogate from the great value of what he had already so successfully achieved for the advancement of the College. REV. NAPHTHALI DAGGETT. In the disorder prevailing when President Clap resigned, the Trustees could find no better man to bring order out of confusion than Dr. Daggett, who held the office of President, pro tempore, during the next ten years, at the same time performing the duties of the Professorship of Divinity. The trouble with the people of the colony soon blew over, and after the next vacation, the College started up again with renewed vigor. Three new and eminent Tutors were engaged, the curriculum was broadened, and the whole tenor of the College became more liberal. In 1770, the Professorship of Mathe- matics and Natural Philosophy was established. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, a company of students was immediately formed, and they had the honor of being the first military company reviewed and drilled by General Washington after he became Commander-in-Chief. Yale was nobly. represented in all the great battles of the war, from Bunker Hill to the siege of Yorktown. Many of her sons won brilliant laurels, among whom was Captain Nathan Hale, a graduate of the class of 1773, who was chosen by Washington as the most competent to undertake a very dangerous and impor- tant mission within the British lines on Long Island ; and being captured and executed 54 ^"EW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. bv the enemy, was honored as one of the noblest of the martyrs to the cause of liberty. Dr. Daggett resigned the Presidency in 1777, but retained the Professorship of Divinity rantil his death in 1780. He was the first alumnus of Yale who became its President, having graduated in the class of 1748. His character was noble, as his success both as Professor and President was marked. The account of his patriotic services during the invasion of the British in 1779, and what might be termed his martyrdom, has already been given in that connection. REV. EZRA STILES, LL. D. When Dr. Stiles was appointed to succeed Dr. Daggett, in 1777, the College was enveloped in the gloom and poverty of the national conflict. The effects of the -desperate struggle upon the College may be judged from the following advertisement, which appeared in the "Connecticut Journal" of January 29, 1779 : The students of Yale College are hereby notified that the present "Winter vacation is extended a fortnight from the 4th of next month. As this is occa.sioned by the diificulty which the Steward finda in procuring flour or bread, it is earnestly requested of the parents that they would assist in furnishing the necessary supplies. EZRA STILES, President. Many successful efforts were made by President Stiles to advance the interest of the College during the war, but, owing to the troubles of the time, no public Commence- ment was held between 1777 and 1781. The Yale students fought nobly in the front ranks when the British invaded the city in 1779. The College buildings were in possession of the enemy for several hours on the 5th of July, 1779, but no material damage was done them. Under President Stiles' popular administration, the recovery from the effects of the war was so rapid, that in 1783 there were two hundred and seventy-five students in the College. A most important change was brought about in 1792, by the admission ot the Governor and Lieut. -Governor of Connecticut, and six members of the State Legisla- ture, into the corporation of Yale, as fellows. In consideration of this concession to the State, the College now received grants which ultimately amounted to more than $40,000. President Stiles and the able Treasurer of the College, James Hillhouse, were chiefly instrumental in the accomplishment of this new measure, which put a final and complete cessation to all trouble between the College and Legislature, and was the immediate cause of great benefit to the former. Some of the new funds were employed in the erection of South College, originally Union Hall, in 1793, similar in style and size to Connecticut Hall, and costing $12,000. In May, 1795, President Stiles died, after an illness of only four days. He was a graduate of Yale, class of 1746 ; and it may be noticed here, that since the time of his predecessor, Dr. Daggett, the Presidency of the College has been handed down through an unbroken line of Yale's sons. Dr. Stiles was one of the most eminent linguists of that day, unsurpassed in Latin and Hebrew, while deeply versed also in the Arabic, Syriac, and Arminian languages. His successor. Dr. Dwight, says of him, that " he was probably the most learned man in America, and was probably excelled by few in the world." He was an intimate friend of many of the greatest statesmen and literary men of the time, and received degrees from a large number of universities, both foreign and American. To his faithful and valuable labors, Yale owes a very large share of her subsequent prosperity. Up to the time of President Stiles' death, two thousand three hundred and seventy-two students had been educated at the College, of whom six hundred and eighteen graduated during his Presidency. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 55 REV. TIMOTHY DWIGHT, LL. D. When Dr. Dwight entered upon his term of office, in September, 1795, the College had become subject to a decadence in religious thought, and the dark miasma of the French infidelity was hanging heavily above it. Through the character, influence, and energetic administration of President Dwight, an immediate revival in religious matters resulted, and the College was soon brought back to that steadfast Christian position which it has since always held, and which has made Yale one of the strongest bulwarks of Christianity in the land. This, his earliest work, has exercised an influence hardly equalled by anything else in the history of the University. The literary and scientific affairs of the College received a great forward impetus under President Dwight's wise planning and executing. Some of the most celebrated scholars in the land became members of the Faculty, and all the departments were enlarged and strengthened. Hon. Elizur Goodrich, the first Professor of Law, was appointed in 1801. The Rev. Jeremiah Day was appointed in 1803 as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Benjamin Silliman, Sen., the fame of whose scientific achievements is world-wide, became the first Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in the following year. James L. Kingsley, one of the most renowned linguists of his time, was chosen Professor of Hebrew, Greek and Latin, in 1S05. Thus the College continued to grow in all its departments, as well as in number of students, during each year of President Dwight's administration. In 1810, the most important step yet taken by President Dwight along the line of the University idea, was completed by the formation of the Medical Department. This department did not become thoroughly well grounded until the year 1813, when the first lectures were given. The following gentlemen, many of whom achieved great eminence in their profession, occupied chairs in the department at its inauguration : — ^neas Munson, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Botany; Nathan Smith, M. D., Professor of Surgery and Obstetrics ; Eli Ives, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Physic; Benjamin Silliman, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy ; Jonathan Knight, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology. The two departments of Law and Medicine, both of which started in President Dwight's term, with so much in favor of the latter, have both been advancing and expanding since, though the legal has grown more rapidly than the medical — so much so, in fact, that at the present time the Yale Law School has few equals in the country. After twent5'-two years of earnest and effectual work, the tender bonds of sympathy between the College and its President were broken by the death of Dr. Dwight, in 1817. His whole career had reflected glory on his country and his alma mater. Graduating at the head of his class of 1769, he had spent the early years of his manhood in profes- sional and literary work. The " Conquest of Canaan," and many smaller poems, trans- lations, prose articles and published sermons, bear testimony to the matchless activity of that period. His learning was both specifically deep and broad in its extent. The result was that after his accession to office, the College reached a much higher standard of scholarship than it had yet known. His character was of the noblest and most genial type, and his personal influence over the students unbounded. One of the methods which he is said to have used soon after his election, in putting down the skep- tical tendencies of the time, was the free and informal discussion at a college meeting of the question, "Are* the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament the word of God?" After many of the students had spoken in support of the cause of infidelity. President 56 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. Dwight is said to have answered with such powerful effect, that infidelity soon became as scarce as it was unpopular. To the thoughtful care which guided the College through the early years of the century, must be attributed much of the immediate and uninter- rupted growth in influence and power, which Yale since then has so abundantly known. REV. JEREMIAH DAY. At the time when President Day began his long and prosperous term of office in 1817, the College had already passed from the stage of the larger academy into the full activity of the college life. The Classical Department had received unusual attention during the preceding administration, and was now in a flourishing condition. The number of students in this department was, in the year 1817, about two hundred and fifty. North Middle Hall had been completed in 1803; Lyceum in the following year ; North was finished in 182 1, and Old Chapel in 1824. Thus, about this time, the Brick Row with its "factories" began to assume its present aspect. The early years of President Day's term were marked by steady advance and prosperity, until in 1825, by the failure of the Eagle Bank of New Haven, heavy pecuniary losses befell the College. A large part of its income was lost by this, the severest blow Yale ever received. In 1827, the earliest premonitions of the "classical question" struggle took the form of an appeal for the abolition of the "dead languages" from the curriculum. Then, as ever since, the Yale Faculty made no uncertain declaration as to their con- servative position on this question. The "bread and butter rebellion," which occurred during the following year, was an attempt by the students to express their dissatisfaction with the food of the College " commons." The result was the dismissal of a large number of students for disorderly conduct, and a blow at the prevalent system of college boarding tables, which helped to destroy it in the course of a few years. Since that time, the students have depended upon "eating clubs," and the New Haven boarding-house lady. The first considerable endowment of the College was obtained in 1830, from the subscriptions of graduates and others, amounting to $100,000. Several similar endow- ment funds have since been received, but, though ranking at the very head of American Universities, Yale's income has always been lower than that of many institutions of less influence and standing. The Yale Literary Magazine, the oldest college periodical now existing in America, was established in 1836, by several students of the class of '37, among whom were William T. Bacon, William M. Evarts, Frederic A. Coe, and Chester L. Lyman. There had been collisions between the college boys and the townspeople from time immemorial, but the matter took on a more serious phase in 1841. On the 30th of October of that year, it being the day of the annual Fireman's parade, the engines of the city had gathered on the Green, to compete in throwing water over the Centre Church spire. The students who were playing football on the Green, as was the custom then, trod over the firemen's hose, and considerable quarrelling ensued, which finally resulted in the arrest of several students. That night, after various provocations on each side, a large company of students stormed the most convenient engine house, demolished the engine, cut the hose in pieces, and scattered them about the campus. In retaliation, a great crowd of firemen and others assembled, and were only kept from storming the college buildings by the interposition of the city authorities. This was NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 57 called " the first firemen's riot," and it was many months before the affair ceased to be the occasion of unlimited disputings between the collegians and firemen, the latter being championed by a paper called the " City Guard and Moral Scavenger," and the students by the " Banner." The Library, the first building on the campus that could claim artistic beauty of a high order, was begun in 1842, and completed in 1846, at a cost of about $34,000. At that time it contained over thirty thousand volumes, including those of the Linonia and and Brothers Societies. This number has increased so rapidly during recent years, that, in 1887, the number of volumes in the University Library alone is over one hun- dred and thirty thousand, while Linonia and Brothers contain about thirty thousand. The libraries of the various departments make the number of volumes available to the students over one hundred and eighty thousand. President Day's term was completed by his retirement in 1846, after his wise coun- sels had skilfully guided the course of the University for nearly thirty years. His influence as a member of the corporation and counsellor continued to have weight in the affairs of the University until his death in 1867. THEODORE DWIGHT WOOLSEY, D. D., LL. D. When Dr. Woolsey became President in 1846, the College was in a prosperous con- dition, that became more and more marked during the subsequent years. The various departments were enlarged, and placed under the direction of some of the most eminent scholars in the country. The establishment of the Sheffield Scientific School, in 1847, as the " Department of Philosophy and the Arts," through the liberality of Mr. Joseph E. Sheffield, who contributed to it over $175,000, marks the beginning of an important era in the history of the University. The additional sums of $135,000 from the State of Connecticut, and over $125,000 from private individuals, have helped to place the depart- ment in a most flourishing condition. With two large buildings — Sheffield and North Sheffield, the latter costing over $100,000 — with the most complete scientific apparatus, and a large corps of able instructors, the Scientific School has won recognition all through the country, as offering the very best advantages for a liberal scientific educa- tion, and as turning out the most efficient engineers. One of the early acts of President Woolsey's administration was the completion of Alumni Hall, in 1853, at a cost of about $27,000. At that time the alumni were already deeply interested in University matters, and active in forwarding her interests ; the attention which President Woolsey gave to this subject was one of the most marked and important characteristics of his administration. The fiercest of all the town-and-gown conflicts occurred March 17, 1854. There had been occasional outbreaks for some time past, and when, on the above evening, a party of some fifty students emerged from Homan's Theatre in the Exchange Building, which they had attended in a body, a crowd of over a thousand townies had gathered to attack them. The students marched quietly along the sidewalk up Chapel Street as far as Trinity Church, the mob keeping in the road. There, as the students began to sing " Gaudeamus," they received a volley of clubs and brickbats, which knocked down and severely injured several of their number. They picked these up, and started on, but immediately received another heavy volley. As they again took up the wounded, and moved on silently, the ring-leaders of the mob rushed upon them from the street. Several pistol shots then, for the first time, sounded from the ranks of the students. 58 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. Several of the rabble were wounded, and the chief leader, Patrick O'Neil, fell, stabbed to the heart with a dagger by one of the students, who, it was supposed, struck in self defence. The mystery of his death and the murderer was never cleared up, but it was generally considered that he provoked and deserved his sad fate. During the ensuing confusion the students reached the campus and dispersed to their rooms. When it was known that their leader was killed, the mob became uncontrollable. With terrific howl- ino-s they surrounded South College, and drew up an old cannon, filled to the muzzle with ball, grape-shot, stones, bricks, etc., to batter down the walls. But through the masterly skill of Major Bissell, Chief of Police, the gun had been spiked on the way up. This alone saved old South from destruction ; on the second and third stories of which the students were silently gathered, behind thick barricades, and heavily armed with every weapon obtainable, ready to give their assailants a warm reception. After they had hooted and bombarded the windows with brickbats for several hours, the rabble were finally dispersed by Major Bissell and his men. This was the most unpro- voked and cowardly of all the assaults, but none of the offenders were ever arrested, thou first cargo- of coal and emigrants., the latter consisting of thirt)'-eight Irish peasants. About this time the raising of flax in enormous quantities, and the domestic manu- facture of lime, grew to be one of the chief industries of the city. Foreign commerce in New Haven began to revive about 1750, and increased so rapidly that in the year 1774 the exports of the city alone amounted to over $140,000. The Revolutionary War brought an abrupt termination to this period of prosperity ; and during the next ten years New Haven deteriorated rapidly. By 1784 a reflex movement had set in, and from that time on for twenty years, a period of unparalleled commercial activity ensued. Long Wharf was extended into the harbor in 1790,. $15,000 for that purpose having been obtained by means of the "setting up of a. lottery." The New Haven Bank, incorporated in 1792, with a capital of $80,000, was- one of the earliest institutions of the kind in New England. Much of the trade of the day was with the West Indies, Barbadoes especially, and many rich cargoes began to pour into the city. Again, in 1793, the disturbances in France brought great disaster on our shipping, through privateer depredations. Several score of ships and many hundred thousand dollars worth of property were lost about this time, — New Haven losing more in pro- portion than any other cily in the Union. In spite of these great losses, however, New Haven's commerce continued to rapidly increase. In 1801, over 11,000 tons of ship- ping were registered at this port. Though her ships were searched, pillaged and con- fiscated by the vessels of both the great naval powers of the world, England and France, the end of her commercial importance was not yet. A fleet of some twenty ships, called the " New Haven South Sea Fleet," was manned and set out about this time. They were mainly engaged in the seal fishery. After obtaining a cargo of seals, these were sold in Canton, and a load of silks and teas were taken in, after which they circumnavigated the globe on their way home, through the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The most famous and lucrative of all the voyages made from New Haven was that of the ship " Neptune," owned by Ebenezer Townsend, the leading merchant of the time in New Haven, and commanded by the renowned Captain Daniel Greene. She was the first New Haven ship to sail the waters of the Pacific, and, after two and a half years sealing and trading, returned to New Haven in July, 1799, with a cargo upon which the enormous amount of $75,000 port duties was paid. This was a larger sum than the annual tax of the whole State of Connecticut, for any time during the previous- ten years. Mr. Townsend realized $100,000 from this single voyage ; his son $50,000, and many others interested in proportion. This will give some idea of the city's com- mercial interests, during the time of her greatest prosperity in this department. In 1807, the yearly custom duties paid in at the port of New Haven exceeded $150,000, and more than one hundred foreign bound ships sailed annually from her docks. The most deadly blow yet struck at New Haven's commerce came in January, 1808, upon the passing of the infamous " Embargo Act," by Congress. The Act met 64 NEW HAVEN. PAST AND PRESENT. with intense opposition here, and, instead of injuring Great Britain, it contributed materially to the ruin of the shipping trade at home. The war of i8 12-15, was the final and deadly influence which affected our com- merce, and since that time New Haven's merchant marine has never regained the position of wealth and importance which it held during the early years of the present century. Her ancient prestige, however, has never been entirely destroyed ; several times, during the last seventy years, her shipping trade has risen to considerable pro- portions. The rapid growth of New York had tended to injure rather than to aid New Haven's foreign commerce ; and at the present time much of her shipping trade is done through that city. The first quarter of the century had not passed away before the manufacturing and mercantile interests of the city had attained extensive dimensions. The manufacturing of carriages — in which line New Haven has since been one of the leading cities of the world — had been inaugurated by James Brewster, in 1827. The manufacture of fire- arms had already become an important industry, having been founded in 1798, by Eli Whitney, the famous inventor of the Cotton-Gin. Charles Goodyear, a native of New Haven, was perfecting the great discovery which soon made his name famous through- out the world, and a few years later the first India-rubber clothing ever manufactured was turned out in this city. The chief houses which represent these three branches of industry in New Haven to-day, as well as those representing the production of clocks, locks, pianos, corsets, chairs, paper boxes, and hardware, rank among the largest and best of their kind in existence, and have sent their goods and made the name of our city known and honored throughout the civilized world. The wholesale hardware business, which has always been one of the leading indus- tries of the city, dates back to 1784. The wholesale grocery trade began to assume considerable proportions in 1825. Soon after, the wholesale drug business, and also that of paints and furniture, came into prominence. The advent of railways was a source of great prosperity to all lines of business in the city, and especially the opening of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- road, in 1848. The direct communication thus established with New York, and all parts of the country, was of inestimable importance. The magnificent freight system of this road has and does contribute no little share to the material advancement and prosperity of the city, and all its interests. The New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad have recently lowered their passenger rates to the standard of two cents a mile, one of the lowest railroad rates in the country, while at the same time they have been and are continually increasing the advantages offered the public in elegant and most scientifically protected cars, engines capable of the fastest speed, and the best accommodations in time and size of trains. This Railroad has an almost unparalleled record for safety, and its careful management and reasonable rates make it most worthy of the patronage of all travellers. It is the popular route from New York to Boston and the East. Beside the five Railroads which run through New Haven, she possesses first-class facilities for transportation on the water. The arrival of the first steamboat, in 18 15, and the important results which followed, have already been noticed. At the present time, the New Haven Steamboat Company, at Bell's Dock, with a fine fleet of large and beautiful steamers, plying daily between New Haven and New York, offer excel- lent opportunities for passenger or freight transportation to the latter city. The Starin Transportation Line, at Starin's Wharf on Brewery Street, control a large amount of NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 65 VIEW OF FAIRHAVEN. the freight shipping of the city. For rapid and safe transit, this line is not surpassed by any other on our coasts. The distinguishing characteristic of New Haven's business interests is their mani- fold variety. There is hardly a commodity of extensive use, whether for necessity or luxury, from a needle to an engine of the strongest power, that is not manufactured in the city. This fact has proved, in itself, of great importance to the welfare of New Haven, as during the late financial depression, the variety of her mterests rendered the city unusually exempt from the troubles of the time. Some slight conception of the present high financial standing of the city may be obtained from the following figures, compiled from the latest records in the City Asses- sor's Office : Valuation of Buildings and Stock employed in the Manufacturing and Commercial Interests of New Haven, - - - $17,796,781 Valuation of Dwelling Houses in New Haven, - - - 25,066,94a Valuation of Unoccupied Land in New Haven, - - - 3>954'75^ Valuation of Railroad Properly and Stock in New Haven, - 806,036 ********** Total Taxable Property and Material, . . . - $49,658,184 The total amount of capital in the various banks and banking houses amounts to more than $12,000,000. <66 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. During the past year, the appropriation for the current expenses of the city gov- ■ernment was $672,881 ; the total expenditures were $644,423.21. The surplus fund, $28,457.79, makes the actual debt of the city at the present time $795,542.21 ; a small sum compared with that of many New England cities. For a number of years past, real estate in New Haven has been in great demand, and the investments have been only surpassed by the advantages offered, which are very great. Land and materials for building are, nevertheless, to be obtained at very reasonable rates. The facilities of situation near the harbor and railroads, the fine opportunities for transportation, in which New Haven is not excelled by any other city in New England, and the advantages for the production and consumption of manufac- tured and staple articles of all kinds, make New Haven a peculiarly eligible site for those contemplating a new departure in business. It is possible for mechanics to obtain building lots upon streets adjoining the horse-railroads at the lowest rates, and to secure comfortable homes at prices ranging from $1,000 to $2,500. The last year, 1886, showed a large increase in real estate and building investments in the city. The total amount of money invested was $1,314,200 — $250,000 more than :that of any other city in the State. LEGAL BUSINESS IN NEW HAVEN COUNTY. For almost a century, the jurisprudence of this State has been favorably known to the world through her local law publications and reports ; and not a few of her sons have honored her by their exposition and administration of her laws. To her belongs the fame of publishing the first volume of Law Reports ever published on the American ■continent, viz : Kirby's Reports, published at Litchfield in 1789. We have space to mention a few only of the names of deceased members of Bench and Bar which shine in her history : such as, Kirby, Root, Sherman, Swift, Trumbull, Day, Baldwin, Ingersoll, Hosmer, Daggett, Williams, Huntington, Church, Dutton, Elsworth, Barnes, Storrs, Cleveland, Waite, Osborne, Chapman, Seymour, Buell, Terry, Hawley, Kimberly, Parsons, Robinson, Sanford, Foster and Ives. Since the American Revolution, and since Connecticut became a State, there have been published, probably, not far from 10,000 cases which have been adjudicated by the Supreme Court of Appeals, covering, perhaps, every branch of Statute and Com- mon Law, including Equity, — many of them being regarded as "Leading Cases," a-nd quoted as authority in the Courts of other States. Of this large accumulation of cases carried to the Supreme Court, New Haven County has furnished her fair share of legal business, aggregating not far from 1400 cases distributed through all the published " Connecticut Reports." The living members of the Bar in New Haven County are about two hundred and twenty-five, and it is believed they will compare favorably with a like number of men in the legal profession anywhere in the country, many of whom now occupy a prominent place in Church and State in this old Commonwealth, and exercise a conspicuous influ- ence upon her wellfare for good. — C. B. Whitcomb, Attorney at Law. NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 67 THE NEW HAVEN OF TO-DAY. To fittingly portray the attractions and beauties of our modern city, one would need the pen of a poet. A brief description of the chief objects of interest must suffice for our present purpose. The central spot, the "pearl," as it were, with the city for its setting, is the beautiful " Green," which, with its long, smooth lawns and stately elms, is one of the most prom- inent sights which greet the eye of the visitor to New Haven. Temple Street, running through the centre of the Green, is probably one of the most symmetrically shaded avenues in the world. The arch of elms above it, changing from one manifestation of beauty to another as the seasons pass, makes a most beau- tiful nature-temple. Upon this avenue, and within the Green, stand the three oldest churches in the city, side by side, like true guardians of her welfare. The Centre Church dates its origin from the first Sunday the founders of New Haven spent in the city, April 13, 1638. It was regularly organized in the following year, August 22, 1639, and for over a century was the only church established in New Haven. The present large and stately edifice, within whose walls the Commencements of Yale University are annually held, was erected in 18 14. The present pastor is the Rev. Newman Smythe, one of the most widely known and honored ministers in the Congregational Church. Trinity Church, on the right of Centre Church, toward Chapel Street, was the first Episcopal Society in New Haven, having been organized in 1750. The present beauti- ful building of dark stone, with a massive centre tower, in which one of the best chimes in the country has been recently placed, was also erected in 1814. The present rector, the Rev. Edwin Harwood, has served for nearly twenty-seven years. The North Church, on the other side of Centre, is also Congregational, and has existed ever since 1742. The present commodious church was built, at the same time as the other two, in 1814. The Rev. Dr. T. T. Munger, well known throughout the country as a Christian writer and thinker, is the present pastor. The gravestones, just in the rear of Centre Church, aijiong which is that of James Dixwell, the regicide, remind one of the time when the Green was the common city burial-ground. The only other building on the Green, the old State House, with its once beautiful but now sadly defaced columns, is also a reminiscence of the dead and almost forgotten days, which ended in 1873, when the meetings of the State Legislature were held here biennially. The City Hall, on Church Street, opposite the Green, was erected in 1861, and is one of the most beautiful municipal buildings in the State. It is four stories high, of sandstone and brick, and with a large tower containing the city clock, and two large bells for time and fire-alarms. The rooms of Mayor York, the City Clerk, and the Board of Assessors, are situated on the second floor. The Aldermen meet on the second floor, and the Common Council on the third. The County Court Building, adjoining City Hall, was completed in 1873, at a total cost of $134,000. It contains several court rooms, offices, and the rooms of the Yale X,aw School j it has witnessed many famous trials. 68 NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. The Police Building on Court Street, at the rear of the City Hall, is said " to be the most handsome and best constructed edifice of the kind in the country." It is a four-story brick building, with beautiful front trimmings of Portland sandstone and Nova Scotia rock. It was completed in 1874, at a cost of about $75,000, and contains, beside the quarters for the entire police force, the City Court. The Department is equalled in character and efficiency by that of few cities in the country. It is under the control of a Board of Commissioners, and Charles F. Bollman, its able chief. The entire force numbers one hundred and five men. The Post Office and Custom House Building stands on Church Street, between Crown and Centre. It was built in i860, and is a large three-story structure of sand- stone. The first floor is occupied by the Post Office, the second by the various offices of the Custom House Department, and the third by the United States Court, It is reported that " a postmaster of New Haven was the first in the United States to use stamps, issuing them on his account to accommodate the citizens," before the plan was adopted by the Government. The present incumbent, Benjamin J. English, succeeded N. D. Sperry, who had held the position for over twenty years, in 1886. Among the most beautiful business structures in tkis part of the city, are the Insurance Building, on Chapel Street, between Church and Temple ; the Hoadly, on Church Street, opposite the Post Office ; the Register Building, on Crown Street, near Orange, just north of Chapel ; the Palladium Building, on Orange, between Chapel and Court Streets j and the Boardman Building, on Chapel Street, near State. The principal Hotels in New Haven are the New Haven House, Eliott House, Tontine Hotel, Grand Union, Tremont House, Selden House, Hotel Converse, and the Kenwick House. The Tontine Hotel, on the corner of Court and Church Streets, has a most interest- ing history, having been erected about 1825 by a joint stock company, each of whose shares bore the name of a person, and were forfeited by the holder to the company upon the death of that person, who was called the nominee. It is, in fact, nothing else than a lottery founded on human life. There were originally two hundred and forty- three nominees ; now after sixty years, the number has dwindled down to about one hundred. When it reaches seven, the whole property will be divided among the fortunate holders of those shares. The two buildings belonging to the College, most frequented and admired by visitors, are the Art School and the Peabody Museum ; the tower of the Athenaeum affords an excellent view of the college grounds, and application to ascend it should be made ta the college inspector, Mr, Frank E. Hotchkiss, Room 2, Treasury Building, who takes pleasure in showing every courtesy to visitors. Visitors are also welcome to attend the services at the college chapel every week-day morning, at 8.10 A, M,, and on Sunday at 10.30 A, M., seats in the gallery being always open to them. The other most interesting points in the centre of the city are : the Noah Webster House, on the corner of Grove and Temple Streets, where the great lexicographer lived many years, and wrote a portion of his dictionary ; Hillhouse Avenue, probably one of the most beautiful public streets in America, with its wide borders of smooth lawn, magnificent arched elms, and the many elegant mansions on each side — among which are those of J. E. Sheffield, Professors Dana, Fisher, Farnam, Hoppin and Woolsey, Ex-President Porter, and the Hillhouse mansion at the farther end ; St. Mary's Church on Hillhouse Avenue, one of the largest and most beautiful Roman Catholic Churches in the State, erected of native granite, in 1875, ^*^^ $i5o>oo°; the NEW HAVEN, PAST AND PRESENT. qq Grove Street Cemetery, corner Grove and Prospect Streets, containing the graves of several Presidents of Yale, Admiral Foote, Noah Webster, Eli Whitney, and many other celebrated men ; the Sheffield Scientific School, on Grove Street, foot of College ; the Church of ihe Redeemer and the Hillhouse High School, on opposite corners of Wall and Orange Streets ; and the ancient mansion of Roger Sherman, on Chapel Street, opposite the campus, which was completed in 1770, and within whose walls Washino-ton, Lafayette, and many other celebrated men have partaken of the hospitahty of its renowned owner. Other points of interest, within walking distance of the Green, are the Benedict Arnold House, on Waicr Street, near Union, completed in 1772, and occupied by the traitor until a short time before the battle of Bunker Hill ; the Second Reo-iment Armory, on Meadow Street (this regiment having been judged, by one of the most competent authorities in the United States, to be equalled in organization and drill by no other in the country save the Seventh of New York) ; Evergreen Cemetery, at the western end of Sylvan Avenue, containing the Soldiers', Firemen's, and many other beautiful monuments ; the New Haven Hospital, on the corner of Congress Avenue and Cedar Street, consisting of several large buildings, the most recent having been erected in 1872, at a cost of $100,000, and considered one of the largest, best managed, and most widely beneficent institutions of the kind in the State ; and the New Haven Orphan Asylum, corner of Elm and Beers Streets, with the exception of the Hospital, the largest and most influential charity in the city. Many charming drives can be arranged to the more remote attractions of the city. One of the most popular is out Whitney Avenue and Orange Street to East Rock Park. The State Street horse cars also run out to the eastern end of the Rock. The emi- nence is about three hundred and fifty-four feet high, and is reached by a road rising by gradual and easy gradations. From the summit, a most magnificent view is obtained over the city to the Western and Southern Hills, out across the blue waters of the harbor and Sound; and on the north, to Mount Carmel and the Hanging Hills of Meriden. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, which has been recently erected on the highest point of the summit, is one of the most beautiful and costly in the country. Elaborate preparations for its dedication on June 17, 18S7, are being completed by the City Government. Another pleasant drive is often taken out Whalley Avenue, (past Hamilton Park and West River,) to West Rock, the highest of all New Haven's gigantic rock sentinels. Its height above the level of the sea is 405 feet, and the summit can only be reached by a foot-path on the east end, which is not very difficult of ascent. The line of the Fair Haven and Westville horse-cars also run to within a short distance of its foot. The outlook from the rock is most entrancing. Below nestles the village of Westville • to the east, the smaller eminences. Pine and Mill Rocks, lying between West and East Rocks j on the south-east lies New Haven, viewed in the most beautiful of all her aspects. On the north-eastern side of the summit is the famous Judges' Cave, where in colonial days the refugees from royal tyranny are believed to have taken refuge for some time. The spot is visited by thousands of admiring students and curiosity-seekers every year. Perhaps no other drive is more often enjoyed than that through Fair Haven, by way of East Chapel Street, along the eastern side of the harbor, down to the old Light House. On the way, Forts Hale and Wooster are passed, replete with many historic reminis- cences. Fort Wooster, about a mile out from the city, is a small earth-work, thrown up 70 NEW HAVEN PAST AND PRESENT. during the War of 1812. Fort Hale, a mile further south, was originally a narrow- breastwork, first used in the Revolutionary War, when, on July 5th, 1779, nineteen brave Americans, with three cannon, held fifteen hundred British infantry in check for seveial hours. It was named in honor of the hero. Captain Nathan Hale. A brick fort and barrack were erected in 1809, which were garrisoned by sixty men in the war of 1S12. The fort was rebuilt, armed and garrisoned by the United States Govern- ment during the civil war, and will probably be the first point attended to, if the coast- protective movement reaches as far as New Haven. A mile further on, the old Light House is reached, and the vicinity at the extreme point of the harbor, with the old Morris House and the new Light House near at hand, is one of the most interesting in the city. By various other drives : out Prospect Street to Mill Rock, Whitney Avenue to Lake Whitney, West Chapel to the Yale Field, through West Haven to Savin Rock, and in fact in every direction through the city the visitor will discover new beauties of natural scenery and artistic decoration, which can only be appreciated by experience. It will take but a short time to convince a stranger that he is in a " Mecca " of beautiful cities, and that every surrounding harmonizes with the historic interest, the high culture of its citizens, as well as the commercial prosperity and importance for which New Haven is justly renowned. MAYORS OF THE CITY OF NEW IIAVEiN. Hon. ROGER SHERMAN, from Feb. 10, 1784 to 1793 Hon. SAMUEL BISHOP, from A\x\r. 19, 1793 to 1803 Hon. ELIZUR GOODRICH, : from Sept. 1, 1803 to 1822 Hon. GEORGE HOADLY from June 4, 1822 to 1826- Hon. SIMEON BALDWIN, from June 6, 1826 to 1827 Hon. WILLIAM BRISTOL, from June 5, 1827 to 18l8 Hon. DAVID DAGGETT, from June 2, 1828 to 1830 Hon. RALPH I. INGERSOLL, from June 1, 18.30 to 1831 Hon. DENNIS KIMBERLY from June 7, 1831 to 1832 Hon. EBENEZEll SEELEY, from June 5, 1832 to 1833 Hon. DENNIS KIMBERLY from June 4, 1833. [Dec!.] Hon. NOYES DARLING from June 10, 1833 to 1834 Hon. henry C. FLAGG, from June 3, 1834 to 1839 Hon. SAMUEL J. HITCHCOCK, from June 3, 1839 to 1842 Hon. PHILIP S. GALPIN, from June 6, 1842 to 1846 Hon. henry PECK, from June 1, 1846 to 18.50 Hon. AARON N. SKINNER, from June 3, 1850 to 1854 Hon. CHAUNCEY JEROME, from June 5, 1854 to 1855 Hon. ALFRED BLACKMAN, from June 4, 1855 to 1856 Hon. PHILIP S. GALPIN, from June 2, 1856 to 18C0 Hon. HARMANUS M. WELCH, from June 4, 1860 to 1863 Hon. MORRIS TYLER, from June 2, 1863 to 1865 Hon. ERASTUS SCRANTON, from June 6, 1865 to 1866 Hon. LUCIEN W. SPERRY, from June 5, 1866 to 1869 Hon. WILLIAM FITCH, from June 1, 1869 to 1870 Hon. henry G. LEWIS, from June 7, 1870 to 1877 Hon. WILLIAM R. SHELTON, from Jan. 1, 1877 to 1879 Hon. HOBART B. BIGELOW, from Jan. 1, 1879 to 1881 Hon. JOHN B. ROBERTSON, from Jan. 1, 1881 to 1883 Hon. henry G. LEWIS, from Jan. 1, 1883 to 1885- Hon. GEORGE F. HOLCOMB, from Jan. 1, 1885 to 1887 Hon. SAMUEL A. YORK, from Jan. 1, 1887. LEiDlM MSliSS Ml OF HEW HAIEI. WN the following pages will be found a brief review of the principal Business M firms of New Haven. While the majority are old established houses and leaders in every sense of the word, we have mentioned others who though recently established, are, through their enterprise and ability deserving of notice. We commend these firms as a whole, to the favorable attention of all into whose hands this volume may fall, believing that they well represent the Business interests of the leading City in the State. Brooks & Co., Hatters and Furriers, 742 Chap- el Street, corner State. — A close student of hu- man nature can by scrutinizing a man's face, judge something of his character. A hat well adapted to the face of the particular individual wear- ing it, adds greatly to his appearance. In few branches of trade have such improvements been made as in gentlemen's head-wear. The hats com- ing from a first-class mod- ern e-tablishment, give to the wearer a certain style which cannot be attained by wearing inferior goods. Appreciating thoroughlj' the wants of a first-class trade, and bj^ thoughtful attention to the ever- changing styles, Brooks & Co., Chapel street (corner State), have met with success from the first. This enterprise— the oldest in its line in the city — was started by Collins & Co. in 1846, suceeeded by Bradley & Pratt, and later by C. A. Bradley. In 1874. the present proprietor, Mr. Edwin A. Brooks— under the firm name of Brooks & Co., assumed control. Mr. Brooks is a native of Bethany, Conn., and as his success indicates, is a man of foresight, thoroughly con- versant with every feature and detail of his busi- ness. His English hats, for which he enjoys a large and select trade, are imported directly from the leading London manufacturers. He is also sole agent tor the leading American hatters — Messrs. Dunlap & Co. , of New York— whose goods are too well known to need further com- ment at our hands. In the Fur Department are kept a varied as- sortment of Seal Skin Sacques, Muffs, and Pale- tots; also the same styles in English Seal Plush. Fur Trimmings, Wolf and other Fur Robes. Trunks and Satchels form another well stocked department, and one of the largest lines of these goods in the city will be found here. Umbrellas in Silk, Alpaca, Gloria and Gingham, are also offered in great variety, with Natural Slicks, or mounted with Gold, Silver or Horn handles. The Glove Department is also well stocked with Kid, Buck, Dogskin, Wool, Sealskin, and Beaver. The premises occupied comprise four floors, and the store, which is one of the finest in New Haven, is thoroughly fitted up and appointed — handsome fixtures and general equipments, with attractive show windows, affording an exceed- ingly fine display. Ten experienced and atten- tive assistants are employed, and altogether a very fine business is done. Mr. Brooks is well and favorably known in com- mercial circles and in social lite, and his success is but a natural consequence. He is a Free Mason, a member of the American Legion of Honor, and the Improved Order of Bed Men, and belongs to the Grand Army, having enlisted with one of the first volunteer regiments from this State. 78 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA YEN. F. M. Brown & Co., Dealers in Dry Goods, Chapel, Gregson and Center Streets. — The high character and standing of the leading dry goods houses in New Haven render this particular branch of trade a most noticeable feature of com- mercial ^ct ivity. It would be an arduous and well-nigh impossible task to compute the value of the various articles which are annually sold by our dry goods merchants and dealers, and, ex- tensive as the trade now is, it is increasing year by year. Without any manner of doubt the firm transacting the largest volume of business in dry goods in this city is that of F. M. Brown & Co. , who occupy large and commodious premises abutting on Chapel, Gregson and Center streets. Tlie primary start in this business was made in 1879. The original co-partnership which existed was continued for three years. In 1882 a change took place, and the concern adopted the name which it now bears. The present members of the firm are Messrs. F. M. BrovTU and D. S. Gamble, both of whom are practically and in- timately acquainted with all the "ins" and " outs " of the business in which they are en- gaged, and in which they have been so success- ful. Their store is one of the largest in the city, and in it is displayed what is considered by com- petent judges to be the very finest assortment of dry goods obtainable. Both a wholesale and re- tail trade is transacted, the firm's patrons being drawn not only from the city of New Haven and the State, but from distant parts of the whole country. The number of employes is 130, a force which is, of course, largely augmented dur- ing the busy seasons. Owing to their rapidly increasing trade Messrs. Brown & Co. have just completed an addition to their store of a second floor, 150x50 I'eet. This is to be retached by staircases in the rear of the present store, also by an elegant elevator run by electricity (the only one of the kind in the city). On this floor will be found their millinery, cloak and suit and underwear departments. Botli partners are popular in commercial cir- cles, noted for their honorable methods and sterling integrity, and well merit the great de- gree of success which has rewarded their efforts. John R. Garlock, Dealer in Stoves, Fnrnaces, Ranges and Tinware, Plumbing, Gas and Steam Fitting. Estimates furnished to Builders. 217 State Street. — This is one of the leading stores of the kind in the city of New Haven. The business was established originally in 1858. Mr. Garlock, the present enterprising and popular propriet(u- succeeded to the business in 1881, and has rapidly gained a large number of customers. The premises occupied, which are located at 217 State street, comprise two floors, each 25x75 feet in dimensions, and these are filled with a large stock of Stoves, Furnaces, and Ranges of all kinds, among which will be found the most celebrated manufacturers. The department devoted to Tinware is complete in every respect, and goods will be found of first class quality and at reasonable prices. Plumbing and Gas and Steam Fitting in all their branches are executed in a fii'st-class manner. A force of some eight or ten skilled hands are given employment by this \ enterprising house, and a fine jobbing and retail j trade is transacted. I Mr. John R. Garlock is a native of New York State, and was Captain of the Second New Jer- sey Volunteers during our late war. He is an energetic, enterprising gentleman, and one whom New Haven may feel proud in claiming as one of her citizens. E. S. Osborn, Dealer in Hats, Trunks and Bags, 91 Church Street. — There is nothing more noticeable about a gentleman's attire than his hat and no matter how well dressed he may be in other respects, should the hat worn be old and shabby the entire effect of his attire is spoiled. Thus is it evident that to be well dressed in every respect one should patronize a hatter of estab- lished reputation. In this connection we would refer to the well-known establishment of E. S. Osborn, at 91 Church street, whose attractive store is well-filled with a fine assortment of silk hats, felt goods, soft hats, straw goods in their season, and also uniform hats and caps. Here prompt and polite attention is accorded to every customer, while the price charged will be found very reasonable. This store is one of the leading concerns of the kind in New Haven as well as the oldest hat store in the city. This flourishing business was started by Giles Mansfield upwards of fifty years ago. In 1879 the present proprietor, Mr. E. S. Osborn, succeeded N. W. Mansfield and from that date the store has been most successfully conducted, the trade being very extensive and steadily in- creasing. The store is finely equipped with attractive show windows, etc., and a full stock is carried. Mr. Osborn is the agent for the celebrated " Mil- ler" hats of New York, the lines comprising hats and caps of every description and an excellent selection of umbrellas, canes, gloves, trunks, bass, etc. ]\Ir. E. S. Osborn (who is sole pro- prietor) is a uMtive of New Haven, a gentlemen of push and sound judgment and thorougldy ac- quainted witli tiie wants of his many customers. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN 73 '4M^^: CHAPEL STREET, OPPOSITE YALE UNIVERSITY. Halsted & Harmount, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hard Wood and Pine Lumber, 109 Water Street. — The constantly improving facili- ties which New Haven is receiving in its railroad and water communications is tending to make this a leading market for lumber supplies, not only to the builder, but to the many different classes of manufactures with their varied wants. They supply the clock maker his pine box- boards, his white-wood, black-walnut and cher- ry. The carriage-maker finds in this market his wide cofich panels, one-half of an inch thick and up to forty inches in width, and all so perfect that it would almost seem as if the great Creator knew the carriage coach makers would want this wide stock, and so grew the great trees which these come from in the forests of Indiana and West Virginia. Ash and oak also form an im- portant part in the building of„ carriages and heavy trucks, and in many otUer branches of work also. All these different woods can be found in the New Haven market, and in no other yard can they be found in such varied assortment as in the yard of Halsted & Harmount, the whole- sale and retail hard-wood and pine lumber deal- ers of 109 Water street. Their yard covers an entire block and presents the largest stock in the city. Their storage sheds are both commodious and ample, and are filled with shingles, clap- boards, and pine lumber of all kinds. Their black walnut stock is the finest we have seen in its clear- ness and width, and from one-half to four inches in thickness. They also point with pride to their large assortment of cherry from Pennsylvania, and assert that softer quality of wood or that which has more freedom from gum spots can not be found anywhere; and then we were impressed with the neatness and order that everywhere pre- vailed. Their stock looks as if it were taken care of in every sense of the word, and all moves as quietly as though it were run by machinery. In fact, their reputation is such for well-seasoned and choice stock that it is becoming proverbial on the street that "if Halsted & Harmount haven't it we do not know where you will find it." Andrew C. Halsted, Samuel Ailing and Henry P. Ailing were the founders of this concern, in 1868. The Ailing Brothers are now dead and just a year before the decease of Henry P. Ailing in 1882, Adonirara J. Harmount entered the firm and today with Mr. Halsted represents this present firm. The ripe age of Mr. Halsted, with his years of business experience, dating back for more than half a century, fit him for the wise counselor of this growing and prosperous firm. A. J. Harmount is a younger man, yet he has evinced in all his dealings and direct manage- ment of the affairs of this firm, tact and discre- tion that have won him the commendation and approval of heads of the trade whose years are many more than his. It is with pleasure that we commend these gentlemen to our readers. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Bunnell & Scranton, Bankers and Brokers, 732 and 734 Chapel St. — Influential and responsible banking houses sustain the most important rela- tions to the financial economy of the country, be- ing the agencies for transacting governmental, cor- porate and individual Interests. That the lead- ing banking and brokerage concerns of New Ha- ven are as stable and secure as those of any other city in the United States there can be no doubt. As an example of what character and personal qualities can do for men of business it is only necessary to refer to the firm of Bunnell & Scran- ton, whose finely fitted up office is located at No. 732 and 734 Chapel street. Originally the busi- ness was set on foot by Mr. Henry H. Bunnell in 1861. In 1864 he associated himself with Mr. Miles H. Goodyear and continued under the firm name of H. H. Bunnell & Co., until the retire- ment of Mr. Goodyear, tbitee years later. From 1867 to 1873 the business was conducted by Mr. Bunuell alone. On January 1st, 1873, Mr. Chas. N. Scranton entered the firm and it was then changed to the present title of Bunnell & Scran- ton. Mr. Bunnell, it should be stated, is a mem- ber of tiie New York Stock Exchange. They transact a general banking and broker- age business all over the United States, being connected by means of private telegraph wires with all the large cities, such as New York, Chi- cago, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wash- ington. Tlieir facilities, in fact, are as complete as they possibly can be. They buy and sell on commission, for cash or on margin, all kinds of stocks, bonds, government and other securities. Botli members of the firm have long been re- garded as recognized authorities in financial cir- cles. Both have won the confidence of the lead- ing business men in tlie city, treating their cus- tomers' interests as identical with their own and abundantly deserving the success with which they have met. S. D. Miller & Co., Wholesale Flour Dealers, 15 Custom House Square and 190-192 Water Street. — Tliis firm rank among the leading deal- ers in flour in this section. The premises oc- cupied at 15 Custom House square and 190 and 192 Water street are commodious and compri.se four floors, 100x20 feet each, in a brick building. The goods handled comprise the following varie- ties: Minneapolis New Process, Rochester Os- wego, Quincy, St. Louis and Indianapolis flour; also Graham and oatmeal, corn and rye flour and a full line of hay, potatoes and apples. Every article handled by this firm will be found just as ri'presented. and satisfaction will be given in every case. The facilities of this firm for the ful- fillment of orders are not excelled by any other liousein the trade. Since the establishment of this firm in 1856 its trade has grown year by year, un- til now its customers are to be found all over this and adjoining States, and the business increases in volume every year. The prices quoted by this house will be found most favorable, while the goods offered are not excelled. In addition to their large trade in flour, tliis firm have also an immense carriage and omnibus factory in Quincy, 111. Here from 150 to 200 hands find constant emplo5'ment. The buildings cover over an acre in extent, and are supplied with improved machinery, operated by powerful steam engines. The vehicles built by this pro- gressive house find their way to every section of the country, particularly the Northwest, and are unsurpassed for utility, durability and general excellence. All the members of the firm are en- terprising business men, well and favorably known in both financial and social circles. Mr. S. D. Miller resides in this city and manages the flour department, the other gentlemen of the firm, E. M. Miller and E. H. Todd, are at Quincy, 111., and conduct the extensive carriage business. Robert B. Bradley & Co.'s Agricultural Warehouse, 406 to 414 State Street, and 102 to 108 Court Street. — One of the oldest and most influential houses in New Haven is that of Rob- ert B. Bradley &Co., who originated the business in 1858. The location is at Nos. 406 to 414 State street, and 102-108 Court St., where four floors are occupied, 115x50 feet in dimensions. The stock embraces agricultural and horticultural imple- ments and machines, fertilizers of all leading kinds, ice* tools, and grindstones, staple wooden ware, baskets, brooms, brushes, cordage, carpet sweepers, wringers, etc., etc. The establishment is known as "The New Haven Agricultural Warehouse," and rightly deserves the name, as it represents the productions of the best known manufacturers. Owing to their long experience, they are enabled to make very close and profit- able arrangements for securing their stock, and thereby are enabled to offer inducements to their customers. Their trade is both of a wholesale and retail character throughout the city and State. Employment is given to a dozen capable and efficient assistants. Mclntyre, Magulre & Co., Importers, Job- bers, and Retailers of Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, No. 837 Cliapel Street. — No branch of commerce in New Haven, or, in fact, iu any large city, is of such great importance as the dry goods" trade, and it is safe to assert, both I as regards capital invested and distinguished en- j QTgy and enterprise, the members of this business ! as a body excel all others. In this connection it I is our desire to direct the attention of the reader and the general public to the reliable house of ; Messrs. Mclntyre, Maguire & Co., importers, jobbers, and retailers of foreign and domestic dry goods. This business was established in 1882, and the firm, until last September, was i known as Proctor, Maguire & Co. In the month mentioned, it was changed as at present. The gentlemen of whom the firm is composed have all liad great experience, and are thoroughly conversant with every feature and detail of the dry goods business. The premises occupied are verycommodious, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of domestic and foreign dry goods, which for extent, quality, variety and general excellence, are surpassed by but few other first-class houses engaged in the same line. No less than 63 hands find here constant employ- ment in attending to the wants of the firm's patrons, the trade extending all over the State of Connecticut. The characteristics which regulate the policy of this reliable house are such as to entitle it to universal consideration, and the inducements offered areof tlie most advantageous description. All orders are promptly filled. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW UA VEN. 75 English & Mersick, Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in Carriage Goods, Nos. 70, 73 and 74 Crown Street. — A house wliich for more than a quarter of a century has maintained a promi cent place among the successful industrial enter- prises of New Haren is that of Messrs. English . leading business establishments, who have, year after year, renewed their policies tlirough this reliable firm, some of whom have been customers over forty years. Owing to the extent of the business done by the Messrs. North, they have no less than six ex- perienced and capable assistants in their office who are emp'oyed in attending to their large patronage. The members of this firm are John G. and his son, J. C. North. Both gentlemen have resided liere for the greater part of their lives, and have become identified with tlie best interests of the city. Merchants National Bank, of New Haven. — This is one of the ably managed and reliable finan- cial institutions of Connecticut, and its influence has long been felt in the conduct of trade and manufactures in this city and section. It was organized and incorporated as the Merchants' Bank in 1851, and was reorganized under the National Banking Laws in 1865. It has a paid up capital stock or$500,000and its surplus fund . of $100,000 is conclusive as to the excellent man- agement of its affairs and the prudence and finan- cial ability of the officers and directors. The corporation occupies for banking pur- poses their entire building, 40x100 feet in size, and the appointments and arrangement of the banking rooms, offices, vaults, etc., are complete and elegant as could be desired. The officers are: Hon. H. B. Bigelow, Presi- dent; J. C. Bradley, Cashier, and the Board of Directors is composed as follows: H. B. Bigelow, N. F. Hall, H. J. Morton, J. S. Beach, S. E. Merwin, Philo Chatfield, E. S. Kimberly, C. S. Mersick and Wm. W. Converse. The first president of this bank was Nathan Peck, well known as of the firm of Peck Bros, the leading West India merchants of that day. Mr. Peck was the only president until Mr. Bige- low was elected to the office shortly after the de- cease of Mr. Peck, which occurred in 1882. In this list we find the names of men eminent in financial matters as well as in State and municipal affairs, names which carry with them that guarantee of integrity and intelligence in the management of the important affairs of stock- holders and depositors, which inspires universal confidence and which has made the institution a great and notable success. Hon. H. B. Bigelow nlled with eminent ability the gubernatorial chair of Connecticut in 1880-2, and his confreres have always been like him, foremost in all that tends toward the general welfare of the State and city. The first president of the bank was Mr. Nathan Peck well known as of the firm of Peck Bros., the leading West India INIerchants of that day. Mr. Peck was the only President until ]Mr. Bigelow was elected to the office directly after the decease of Mr. Peck, which occurred in 1882. Le-wis & Maycock, Undertakers, 1,012 & 1,014 Chapel Street. — The proper payment of the last tributes which we can offer to the memory of the departed necessitates the employment of a competent, experienced undertaker — one who will not outrage the feelings of the living by an ostenta- t ious and disagreeable display of the outward"trap- pings of woe," but one who will perform his duties in a manner indicative of a due apprecia- ti(m of the solemnity of the occasion and a proper regard for the sensitive feelings of others. The business of an undertaker is one which involves the performance of many disagreeable and deli- cate tasks, and requires the exercise of no incon- siderable tact and feeling of a peculiar nature. Such tact and feeling is certainly possessed in a re- maikable degree by Messrs. Lewis & Maycock, who commenced the business o-f undertaking, in all its numerous branches, at Nos. 1,012 and 1.014 Chapel street, in the month of March, 1886. They are both young men, and both hail from Buffalo, N. Y., where they were well known asd highly thought of in both business and social cir- cles. The establishment is one of the finest in New England, and their spacious and elegant ware- rooms are stocked with the choicest goods manu- factured, including many plush-covered red-cedar caskets, copper and zinc metallics and the cele- brated Boyd Grave Vault, for which this firm are sole agents in New Haven. These gentlemen are fully conversant with every detail of their business and take full charge of every arrangement in connection with the sad ceremonies at the burial of the dead. Although only recently established here Messrs. Lewis & Maycock have already conducted some of the funerals of our best and wealthiest citizens, and have given the most unqualified satisfaction by their courtesy and kindness. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN 85 Sargent & Co., Manufacturers Hardware. Wa- ter, corner Wallace Street.— This concern has long held a foremost place among the successful manufacturing houses of New England, and is second to none in its special line of industry in the United States, either as to variety or quality of its product. The immense foundries and fac- tories of the firm cover many acres of ground, largely recovered from the sea, and an army of over 1,700 workmen find constant employment in the works. The vast amount of valuable ma- chinery is operated by immense steam engines, and the plant is one of the most extensive and complete in the country. The output comprises an almost infinite varie- ty of builders', house furnishing, cabinet and un- dertakers' hardware, harness snaps, etc. , embrac- ing almost every specialty in this wide range of merchandise. The most complete facilities for manufacture and shipment of goods and receipt, handling and storage of raw material and finished goods, are possessed by the house, and the suc- cessful conduct of the vast business operations of the firm for over a quarter of a century un- mistakably attests the great executive ability, business tact and intelligence of the manage- ment. The New York warehouse and office are lo- cated at 37 Chambers street, from which point the bulk of the productions are shipped to all parts of the United States and many foreign countries, the export trade of the house consti- tuting a large item in the great aggregate of their business. The officers of the company areas follows: President, Joseph B. Sargent; Treasurer, George Lewis Sargent; Superintendents, Henry B. Sar- gent, Permort Bradford and others in the vari- ous departments, names which, among the lead- ing jobbers in hardware and the trade generally throughout the United States are as familiar as household words. This great industry is one of which the city may well boast and is a credit to the energy and enterprise of these successful manufacturers. Strong, Barnes, Hart & Co., Wholesale Deal- ers in Beef, 163, 165, 167 & 169 Long Wharf, New Haven.— This is doubtless the oldest and probably the largest wholesale meat house in New Haven, and for many years has been the leading source of supply for the markets of this city and section. The extensive warehouse and oflBce of the firm are located on Long Wharf, Nos. 163 to 169, and comprise the entire two- story building, 135 feet in front by 200 feet in depth, with excellent wharves, and every con- venience for receipt, storage and shipment of immense quantities of dressed beef. An idea of the volume of the firm's trade may be gathered from the fact that they handle 10,000 beef car- casses per year, consigned principally from Swift and Armour's abattoirs in Chicago and St. Louis, and 30,000 lambs and sheep are annually slaughtered for the house. The exceptional fa cilities for supplying the best Western dressed beef, lamb and mutton in the country at lowest possible prices, and for the prompt delivery of any quantity of merchandise, however large, to points near and remote, have resulted in an enormous trade with dealers throughout this and adjoining States, requiring the employment of 20 hands, and the operations of the concern are con- stantly extending. This responsible, representative firm consists of Messrs. Horace H. Strong, Herbert Barnes, Franklin H. Hart, Edward F. Mansfield and Geo. F. Burgess, all of whom are natives of New Haven, and are most favorably known in busi- ness and political circles. This firm was inaugurated in 1854 by Messrs. Strong and Hart, who four years later admitted Messrs. Barnes and Doolittle and later Mr. Mansfield. The present firm was organized in 1872, and under the style and title given in the caption of this notice they have since conducted the important business with gratifying success. John E. Bassett & Co., Hardware and Cut- lery, Manufacturers' and Builders' Supplies, 754 Chapel Street, 318 and 320 State Street.— It is a positive pleasure to come across such a concern as that of John E. Bassett's; its history, which dates back to 1784, is so interesting, and the reminiscenc€S in connection with it so redolent of "the good old days of long ago" that there is quite a fascination about the old place. It was founded by a young man named Street, as far back as 1784. He continued until 1792, when he became associated with Mr. Samuel Hughes. Together they carried on the business until 1802, from which time up to 1821, owing to the unset- tled state of trade, they dissolved and reformed partnerships at intervals. In 1821 Mr. Street re- tired from active interest in the business, dying in 1841. Mr. Hughes continued to carry on the business, and upon his death, 1844, his large for- tune and business was left to his son, Mr. E. B. M. Hughes, who conducted it alone until 1855, at which time, by the admission of Mr. John E. Bassett to the firm, its style became as at pres- ent, Mr. Hugbes remaining as senior until his death in 1864. In 1865, Mr. H. N. Jarvis be- came associated with Mr. Bassett as partner, re- maining as such during three years, after which time he removed to Denver, Col., where he has since resided, engaged in farming operations. Mr. Bassett looks back over the shadows of nearly thirty-eight years' association with the spot known as 754 Chapel street, whence he came as a boy in 1846. The distinction is accorded him of having been longer in one place on Chapel street than any man now in business there. The times his feet have crossed the threshold in at- tention to his duties during all these years, we leave as a problem to those interested in abstruse mathematical calculations. It will be noted as exceptional that since the foundation of this busiuess in 1784 it has never been sold out; a surviving partner always carrying forward the business. The little wooden building is but a memory now, hut its successor a little above, by repeated additions and enlargements, now ex- tends from 754 Chapel street to 318 and 320 State, thus appropriately encircling its birth- place. One can obtain here anything and everything in the line of Hardware and Cutlery, and all, too, at prices and of a quality which has made the name of the head of the firm a synonym for excellence throughout the whole country. 86 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW II A VEN. Wooster A. Ensign & Son, Iron, Steel and Manufacturers' Supplies, 53 Orange Street.— As old in honors as in years, this well known house has long held a prominent place among the im- portant mercantile interests of New Haven. The business was inaugurated by the head of the present firm in 1847, and under the style and name of Wooster A. Ensign the large and grow- ing trade of the present concern has been success- fully conducted since 1874, when the firm name became W. A. Ensign & Son, Mr. W. P. En- sign having been admitted to an interest in the business at that date. Keeping pace with the improvements in the quality of iron and steel, and representing some of the most eminently successful manufacturers in the United States, those requiring merchandise in this line either for sale or use, find at this establishment the best goods in the market at manufacturers' prices, and in variety suited to all requirements. The fine store and warerooms of Messrs. En- sign & Son are centrally located, and are 93x200 feet in dimensions, and the stock is always com- plete and comprehensive, including every de- scription of cast and compressed steel, wrought and cast iron, shafting, pulleys and other_ re- quirements of manufacturers and workers in iron and steel. The facilities of tliis firm for supply- ing merchandise at minimum rates and of stand- ard excellence are unsurpassed by any competing house in New England, and their trade has for forty years steadily increased, until at present writing the house has attained prominence among the representative iron and steel mer- chants of this section. The business is both wholesale and retail, and is a large item in the great aggregate of trade centering in New Haven. The Messrs. Ensign are natives of this city, and are recognized as energetic, progressive and successful business men, and influential public- spirited citizens. Wilson, McNeil & Co., General Insurance Agency, 708 Chapel Street, Masonic Building.— Possessing complete facilities for effecting reli- able insurance on property, real or personal, against fire or lightning, to any amount, in many of the leading, oldest and most substantial com- panies doing business in the United States, the above well-known and popular underwriters have long conducted the principal fire and acci- dent insurance agency in New Haven. Their of- fices are located at 708 Chapel street, and occupy part of the second floor of the Masonic building, 50x60 feet in dimensions, which in its appoint- ments is a model of elegance and completeness. The company represents the largest number, the oldest and many of the strongest companies in existence, the list including more than thirty of the great insurance corporations of the world, among which are the following: American, of Newark; American, of New York; Atlantic F. & M., of Providence; Buffalo German, of Buffa- lo; Firemen's, of Newark; Farragut, of New York; Ins. Co., State of Penn., Phila. ; Mer- chants, of Newark; Merchants, of New York; Milwaukee Mechanics; Newark Fire, of New- ark; New Hampshire, of Manchester; New York Bowery, of New York; Northern Assur ance, of England; Queen Ins. Co., England; Phoenix, of London ; Rochester German, of New York; Sun Fire, Ofiice England; Traders' Ins. Co., Chicago; Union Ins. Co., Philadelphia; United Firemen's, of Philadelphia; United States, of New York; Washington F. & M., Boston; Western Assurance, Toronto; (For Steam Boil- ers, Plate Glass and Accident) Fidelity and Cas- uality Co., New York. ;SIessrs. Wilson, McNeil & Co. are thus enabled to place insurance on dwelling houses, churches household furniture, merchandise, stores, manu. factories, farm property, etc., at minimum rates- of premium, and to any desired amount, as against loss or damage by fire or lightning, as well as persons, plate glass and boilers against ac- cident, and in the promptitude in adjusting loss- es and thorough reliability of these representative underwriters, the fullest confidence universally obtains. This agency was established by Mr. Charles Wilson, who, for nearly half a century, has been in the insurance business and fully maintained this leadership among competitors, and under present management of this agency, the prestige and patronage of the old house has been admir- ably maintained. Messrs. Wilson and McNeil, the individual members of this live firm, are natives of New Haven and Salisbury, Ct., respectively, and are recognized as successful, responsible business menin all tliat the term implies. The business conducted by this firm has attained most impor- tant proportions, and at this writing necessitates the employment of some seven or eight clerks. All losses are adjusted through the ofl^ce here, and vexatious delays are always avoided. Charles C. Ford's Newspaper Advertising Agency, Insurance Building, New Haven. — With his elegant oflaces in the Insurance Building, on Chapel street, Mr. Chas. C. Ford is conducting a verj^ large business as a newspaper advertising agent, and his is the leading concern of the kind in the State. He represents the leading daily and weekly newspapers in every part of the Union, and has facilities for placing advertising to the best possible advantages at publishers' lowest prices, and his long experience in the business makes him competent authority and confidence in his judgment is invariably well placed. The volume of his business has obtained such large proportions as to necessitate the employment of twelve competent clerks, and his exhaustive knowledge of the size, locality and nature of the circulation of newspapers in every important trade center in the United Slates is of inestimable advantage to advertisers. Prompt and reliable in his engagements Mr. Ford has, since he estab- lished his agency here in 1878, enjoyed the patron- age of the leading advertisers in tiie United States, and he has always maintained himself in the re- gard and esteem of his patrons and correspond- ents at home and abroad. Mr. Ford is a "native and to the manner born," and is one of the influential, prominent citizens of New Haven. He fills with credit and ability a seat in the City Council, and in every move- ment toward the general good he is active and vigilant. He is a genial gentleman, and his busi- ness success is the logical sequence of his ability and worth. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN. 87 Mayer, Strouse & Company, j\Ianufactureis of Corsets and Corset Clasps, (iO Court Street, New Haven; Warerooms : 412 Broadway, N. Y. — Great even by comparison with the greatest industries of the country and with reference to kindred enterprises the largest in the world, this concern has for many years occupied a conspicuous place in trade circles of the United States. The business was inaugurated by Messrs. I. Strouse & Co. in I860, and has had from the beginning a growth almost phenomenal. Since 1881 the tirm as at present constituted has con- tinued operations on a most extended scale, and at this writing the business necessitates the em- ployment of 1,200 operatives. The office is located at No. 60 Court street. The works comprise seven large and substantial Ijrick buildings, most of which are four stories in height, and giving in the aggregate a floor sur- face of nearly three acres, or to be exact 104,700 square feet. This immense establishment is equipped throughout with labor saving ma- chinery of improved designs, operated by a steam engine of 75 horse-power. The output of the concern is enormous, and comprises over 300 different styles of corsets, of all grades and kinds, including numerous patterns of the most popular t-inds in the market, suited to all re- quirements of the trade througliout the world. The productions of Messrs. Mayer, Strouse & Co. are sold to jobbers in all parts of the world, and are standard everywhere. The utmost care is taken to preserve the reputation of their mer- cliandise, and to keep pace with improvements in construction, shnpe and designs in their goods. Messrs. Abraham Strauss, Max Adier and S. I. Mayer are the individual members of this well known firm. Mr. Adler is a resident of New Haven, and superintends the manufacturing operations of the house. Messrs. JMayer & Strou.se are in charge of the warerooms at 412 Broadway. The product of the factory is shipped to all parts ot the world. This firm is known as one of the most substantial concerns in the country. Leonard Bostwick, Manufacturer of Fine Har- ness and Dealer in All Kinds of Horse Equip- ments, 29 Orange, corner Crown Street. — The oldest and most reliable house engagetl in the har- iie.ss trade in this city is that of L. Bostwick, whose finely arranged establishment is located at No. 29 Orange street, corner Crown. This busi- ness was established in 1795 by Charles Bostwick, who admitted his son George as partner in 1822. In 1824 his son, Mr. Charles Bostwick, Jr., suc- ceeded to control, succeeded in 1868 by his son J. A. Bostwick, who was in 1878 succeeded by the present proprietor. This business (roin its start has been carried on by the same family. The premises occupied comprise two floors, GOx 30 feet in dimensions, the first floor being used as a salesroom and the upper floor as a manufactur- ing department. Ten skilled hands are employed, and the best class of saddles, harness, etc., are manuHictured to order. The premises are well arranged and equipped Avith every facility for carrying on his large trade. In the salesrooms will be found a full and elegant line of all kinds of horse equipment, horse boots of every discrip- tion being kept constantly on hand. Trunks covered and repaired at short notice and in a sat- isfactory manner. All Mr. Bostwick's goods are offered at the lowest prices consistent with good materal and workmanship. As may be supposed the trade is large, and ranges throughout the United States. A visit to this fine establishment will prove profitable to all requiring anything in the lines above mentioned. Mr. Bostwick is a native of New Haven, and has been Treasurer of Hiram Lodge, F. & A. M., and also a member of the Grays, and conducts his business upon a lib- eral and honorable policy. M. Seward & Son, Carriage Hardware, 114 Bristol Street. — As manufacturers of specialties in carriage hardware, the house of M. Seward & Son is famous throughout the Old World and the New, and its history, covering a period of forty years, is one of steady progress in the quality of its output and of decided and uninterrupted prosperity. The business was established in 1844 by the senior member of the firm, Mr. Moses Seward, who in 1871, associated his son, Mr. F.- Seward, with himself in the enterprise. Messrs. Seward & Son's factory buildings cover an area of 13,500 square feet, with grounds of double that amount. The establishment is equip- ped tliroughout with the latest and best machin-. ery in use. With a forty horse-power engine as motor, and a force of thirty-five experienced car- riage iDuilders, trimmers and finishers are con- stantly employed in the various departments. The trade of the firm aggregates $150,000 per an- num, and 300,000 dozen clips per year are turned out, besides 175,000 dozen foot rails, gear and back irons, canopy top standards, and sock- ets, dash feet, brace ends, dashers, offsets, col- lars, shifting rails, joint ends, clip yokes, &c., these being the specialties of the house. These include many novel and beautiful designs of Mr. Seward, Sr. , and the world over, the manufac- tures of the firm are esteemed of standard excel- lence, and especially adapted for intended pur- poses. The firm received the highest and only special award in carriage clips and the bronze medal at Philadelphia 1876, and two years later was award- ed a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition of 1878, the committee making the award of the lat- ter reporting the exhibit of the Messrs. Seward in unqualified terms of commendation. Illustra- ted catalogues are cheerfully furnished by this house on application. Mr. M. Seward was born in Durham, Conn., and Mr. F. Seward is a native of New Haven. They are recognized leaders in their field of industrial activity in the United States, and in New Haven are accounted representative, successful business men and val- ued, influential citizens. 88 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. R. & J. M. Blair, Furniture Dealers and Un- dertakers, 57, 59 and 61 Orange Street. — What may fairly claim to be a representative house in its line of business is that carried on by Messrs E. & J. M. Blair who are engaged in busi- ness as Furniture Dealers and Undertakers at Nos. 57, 59 and 61 Orange street. The inception of this business was in 1809, when it was inaugu- rated by Mr. Sherman Blair, the name of the house being changed after a time to Blair, Peck- ham & Co. , and afterwards to Blair & Bowditch. In 1840 Mr. Sherman Blair again assumed sole control of the business and continued alone up to 1848, when the firm name was altered to S. & R. Blair, and continued thus until 1859, at which time the gentlemen who at present control it succeeded to the ownership of the house under the present style of R. & J. M. Blair. As may be imagined this time-honored establishment does a very large and select business, the more so from the fact that the gentlemen managing it have at no time relied upon their past reputation to maintain and increase their business, but have shown great energy and enterprise in keeping fully abreast of the times in the goods they han- dle and their method of conducting business. An idea of the magnitude of their business trans- actions may be had from the fact that six floors each 50x120 feet are required to accommodate their trade, which keeps ten employes constantly busy attending to it. Although furnitureis dealt in very largely the firm does not manufacture it, as they find enough to do in filling their orders for undertaking goods which they manufocture in great variety. The Messrs. Blair are both natives of New Haven, and are among the best known men in the city. They have largely increased the busi- ness since they assumed control of it. H. C. Warren & Co., Bankers and Brokers, Insurance Agents, Steamship Tickets and For- eign Exchange, 87 Orange Street. — This substan- tial banking and brokerage house was establisbed in 1868 by Mr. Alex. McAllister, who in 1877 was succeeded by Messrs. McAllister & Warren, the firm as at present constituted having been or- ganized as the latter's successors during the cur- rent year. While Messrs. Warren & Co. are extensive dealers in miscellaneous securities, they make a specialty of local investments and Western Mort- gage Loans. The latter class of securities are the best on the market, the loans sold by the firm being made by strong corporations, organized under the laws of the States where the property is located, and paying the highest rates of inte- rest current. In the experience of this house, covering a period of over ten years, they have never had a single instance of default in princi- pal or interest on any loan sold by them. These loans bear from 6 to 8 per cent, interest, the prin- cipal and interest being made payable at the Chemical National Bank of New York, or at the office of Messrs. Warren & Co., No. 87 Orange street, New Haven, and, when desired, are fully guaranteed. The firm's facilities for supplying steamship tickets for Europe and all the Southern ports, are complete; and cabin plans of all steamers are to be found in their office. Messrs. Warren & Co. sell drafts on all foreign countries at lowest rates of exchange, atid information as to routes, etc., are cheerfully furnished on application by mail or otherwise. Representing many of the most reliable fire in- surance companies doing business in the United States, the firm are prepared to effect insurance- to any desired amount at minimum cost. Among the strong insurance corporations for which Messrs. Warren & Co. , are the agents in this city are, the Phoenix of Brooklyn, the Hano- ver Fire and Metropolitan Plate Glass of New York ; the London & Lancashire of Liverpool ; the Providence, Washington and the Equitable Fire and Marine Insurance Companies of Provi- dence, R. I., and the New London County Mu- tual of Norwich, Conn., names which are in themselves guarantees of prompt and full pay- ment of losses in event of fire. As underwriters and as bankers, brokers and steamship agents, Messrs. Warren & Co. are prompt, reliable business men, and the fullest confidence in their ability and integrity is fully justified. Mr. Warren is a native of Derby, Conn. , and is the sole member of the firm. He is at present a member of the City Council of New Haven, and in public life and private station he is held in universal esteem and regard. New Haven Phonographic Academy, No. 49 Church Street; J. F. Gaffey, Principal.— The age in which we live calls for the strictest econo- my of time in almost every branch of trade and industry, and to keep pace with the world around us we must avail ourselves of every facility for the prompt dispatch of business. This condition of affairs has brought about the establishment of schools of phonography, and the demand for ex- pert shorthand writers is always more than equal to the supply. Among the institutions which have been organized to meet this demand,, there are none in the New England States that can boast of a more successful career than the New Haven Phonographic Academy, No. 49 Church street, of which Mr. J. F. Gaffey is the efficient principal. Prof. Gaffey, an expert in phonography of many years experience, began instructing pupils in this branch of education at his home about three years ago on a modest scale, having one student at the beginning. His reputation as an educator in this specialty of marked ability soon won for him a large number of pupils from all parts of New England, and to meet the requirements of his numerous patrons, he established his Academy in New Haven in 1884, the pioneer institution of the kind in the New England States. Here the number of schol- ars constantly increased until at the close of the second year of the school his roll of students numbered about sixty, and the applications for tuition are increasing at such a pace as to require largely increased facilities for instruction in the near future. Prof. Gaffey occupies three large rooms in the Hoadley Building, each 50x60 feet in dinaensions, for school purposes, and has every appliance for successfully imparting a thorough knowledge of phonography. The school is open to both ladies and gentlemen, and is the most thoroughly LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 89 •equipped institution of the kind in the United States. Pupils are qualitied for positions as short-hand clerks, type writers and professional reporters, and situations are constantly beinsj se- cured by the principal for competent graduates. For persons living at a distance instruction is furnished by mail, and in addition to the number attending the academy he has seventy-five pupils wiih wliom Piof. Gailey corresponds, and by use of the mails the best results have demonstrated the utility of this means of instruction. The piincipaJ is assisted by a corps of compe tent instructors, and the great success of the New Haven Academy of Phonography fiom the beginning gives promise of continued prosperity and increased usefulness. Prof. GafEey lias se- cure d desirable positions for twelve graduates of his scliool during the past month. Mr. Gaflfey takes pleasure in referring to the following gentlemen: Gov. Henry B Harrison, Hon. Lynde Harrison, Gen. Frank D. Sloat, Hon. N. D. Sperry, Judge J. B. Quillinan, and a few recent graduates: Mr. Wm. Griffin, with Hammond Type-Writer Co., JNew York City; Miss Jessie Andrews, with Palace Organ Co., Worcester, Mass. ; Miss Susie Hutchinson, with Security Insurance Co., New Haven, Ct. ; Miss Olive Hutchin-on, with Charter Oak Life Insur, 4,nce Co , Hartford, Conn. ; Mr. E. N. Barnes, with Farrell Foundry & Machine Co., An-ionia- Conn. ; Miss Clara Button, with Eaton, Cole & Burnhara, Bridgeport, Conn. Prof. Gaflfey is a native of Hartford, Conn. City Bank of New Haven, 804 Chapel Street. — Tiiere are few older banking institutions in New England and none with abetter record than the City Bank of New Haven, wliich for more than hrilf a century has been closely identified with the growth and progress of the city. It was incorporated in 1833 and during all the financial crises of the years which have since in- tervened it has steadily maintained its reputation and credit unimpaired, even in tlie midst of al- most universal monetary disaster. The stock of the bank is |500,000, and, inde- pendent of undivided profits, the surp'us at the close of business January 3, 1887, aggregated f 75,000, a showing which in view of tlie regular payment of dividends reflects lustre on the man- agement of affairs and the reliability of the offi cers, past and present. The commodious building of the City Bank is two stories in height, and in a most central and convenient location. The bank occupies the ground floor and the offices comprise both taste and convenience in their arrangement and ap- pointments. The officers of the bank are inde- fatigable in their efforts to maintain the prestige of this time honored concern, and their worth and ability inspires universal confidcQce. The following are the officers: President, Geo. W. Curtis; Cashier, Samuel Lloyd; Teller, Geo. E. Frisbie; Bookkeeper, C. B. Deutsch; all of whom are well and widely known in business cir- cles as financiers of sterling worth and ability. The directors are Geo. W. Curtis, James D. Dewell, Geo. H. Watrous, Wooster A. Ensign, Chas. B. Wooster, Geo. J. Brush, Eliott H. Morse, Willis E. Miller, Cornelius S. Morehouse. P. S. Andrew & Co., Pork Packers and Pro- vision Dealers, also Wholesale Dealers in Chi- cago Dres.sed Beef, Oflice, 35 and 36 City Mar- ket. — A well-known house — which is one of the largest establishments dealing in meats and pro- visions in New Haven is that of F. S. Andrew & Co., whose office is located at Nos. 35 and 36 City Market. This firm was established in 1868 by Andrew & Hurlburt, succeeded in 1873 by F. S. Andrew & Co., Mr. B. A. Booth taking Mr. Hurlburt's place at that time. This house han- dles the best and freshest of everything in their line, including poultry and game, butter, eggs and cheese As they are extensive pork packers and dealers in Chicago dressed beef they are popular both with consumers and the trade and have built up a very large and rapidly growing- trade throughout New England. The premises consist of 1,000 sq. feet in City Market, besides a large packing house of four stories, located on Crescent street, contain every facility for con- ducting their extensive business and promptly filling orders. A large number are employed equal to the large demands made upon them. Their trade is both wholesale and retail, making a specialty of their wholesale trade in Chicago dressed beef. They are also receivers of the choicest hogs during packing season, which are carefully packed and cured for the best city trade and a large stock may be found always at their establishment. Mr. Andrew is a native of Naugatuck, Ct., and having had a long expe- rience in this business is well qualified to stand at the head of such a large and prosperous house. Mr. B. A . Booth is a native of New Haven and is a man of energy and enterprise. C. Pallman, Dealer in Trimmings, Lace Goods, Hosiery, etc., 824 Chapel Street. — An important branch of retail trade is that of the dealing in Trimmings, Lace Goods, Hosiery, Kid and other Gloves, Underwear, etc. In this connection, therefore, we must not omit mention of Mr. C. Pallman's attractive emporium, located in Mitch- ell's Block, No 824 Chapel street. Here may be found a complete, varied, and carefully select- ed stock of everything in the line before-men- tioned, including such important items (to ladies especially) as Ruchings, Notions, Woolen Yarns, Zephyr Worsteds, Canvas, Kid and other Gloves, together with ladies', gents' and children's un- derwear of all the best and most fashionable makes and materials. The display of such al- ways to be found here is very tasteful, and tlie ladies can always find something to attract the eye, suitable to all grades of purses and pockets. The business, which is entirely local, is most ex- tensive and rapidly increasing. It was originally founded in 1860, under the firm name of C. Pali- man & Co., the "Co." consisting of Mr. L. H. J. Blenne. Upon that gentleman's decease, the firm name was changed as at present. Mr. Pallman is a native of Bavaria, and is now 53 years of age. During his career as a business man he has made hosts of patrons, and possessing superior facilities he is enabled to secure promptly and at the lowest possible market figure all the newest styles in his particular line. He is a hard worker, noted for his honorable methods, and has suc- ceeded in building up a large trade. 90 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. C. P. Merriman, Dealer in Oil Stoves, Kero- sene, Lamps, etc., 154 Elm Street. — This business was established in 1870 by the present proprie- tor. The premises occupied are located at 154 Elm street (five doors east of York street). ]\Ir. Merriman possesses every facility for carrying on tlie business in a successful manner. The trade is large and increasing, both ■wholesale and retail, and employment is given to several com- petent employes. A leading specialty is made of the sale of the celebrated Florence Oil Stoves, of which a full line is carried. These stoves are perfectly odorless, and the merits embodied in their construction make them superior to any in the market. They are manufactured in sev- ers sizes, from the "Handy Kit," which com- pr Ises Lamp-stove, Oven and Boiler, to the four- inich burner — which possesses every advantage of a lirstcla^s cook stove in preparing the meals of a family, oi can be changed at pleasure to a Heater, should one wish to warm certaia rooms in which there was no other stove. A general assortment of Fixtures for alt sizes of Oil Stoves, which are also cleaned and repaired, and a complete line of Lamp-Burners and Chimneys is also car- ried, all of which are offered at low prices. Mr. Merriman also makes a spe- cialty of furnishing his customers witk the best 150° test oil, which he delivers- regularly at their houses, avoiding the- wear and tear on cans, which they are subjected to when sent by the grocery team to be replenished. Mr. Merriman is a native of New Haven, and is a gentleman well and favorably known. The New Haven County National Bank, New Haven. — 'I'hrough the ter- rible financial crises of over half a cen- tury, this solid institution has stood with influence unabated, and is today among^ the ably-managed, representative banks- of New England. The bank was incor- porated under the name of the New Ha- ven County Bank in 1834, and was reor- ganized as a National Bank under the United States Banking Laws in 1865 a& the New Haven County National Bank. The management of the extensive business is all that could be desired. The capital stock of the Bank paid in is $350,- 000, with a surplus fund of $100,000, not including the undivided profits, and the affairs of the institution show that care- ful and prudent counsels have actuated the offi- cers and directed their movements. The state- ment of the bank at close of business, October 7, 1886, makes a most creditable showing, and justi- fies the most unqualified confidence in the official management. The officers of the bank are as follows: President, Jas. G. English; Cashier, Leonard. S. Hotchkiss; Assistant Cashier, H. G. Bedfield. Directors, Jas. G. English, Henry D. White, Dr. Jno. B. Robertson, Henry H. Bunnell, Ezekiel G. Stoddard, Wallace B. Feun, E. E. Bradley, Jas. H. Foy and Jno. B. Carrington. Mr. Bun- nell has served the city as Auditor with fidelity, and Dr. Robertson was the efficient and honored Mayor of New Haven some years since; and the Board of Directors include some of the leading business and professional men in the Slate. The banking rooms are models of elegance and com- pleteness, and the influence of the institution has always been beneficially exerted, and its aid has never been withheld from deserving enterprises when sought. Elliot, Blinn & Co., Wholesale Grocers, Nos. 298 and 295 State Street. — The wholesale grocery business of Elliot, Blinn & Co., was established in 1841 by Finch & Barnes, succeeded by in 1855 by Amos F. Barnes, and again in 1869 by Amos F. Barnes & Son. The present proprietors as- sumed control in 1885, and since then has been known as Elliot, Blinn & Co. The trade has steadily grown from year to year, and at present the business annually transacted represents a very large amount in value. Tl)e members of LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 91 the firm are Ely A. Elliot, a native of Clinton, Conn., and Joseph S. Blinn, who was born in Waterbury, Conn., both take an active part in the management of the house, and both gentle- men are amply qualified as regards ability and experience, to maintain the concern in its present position as one of the leading institutions of its kind in New Haven. The location is at Nos. 293 and 295 State street. The building occupied consists of four floors 25x80 feet in size, and fit- ted up expressly for the business, and is com- plete in every department. The high character and variety of the stock carried is equalled only by the heavy demand upon it. Teas and Coffets being leading articles, in which they are doing a constantly increasing trade. Everything in the wholesale grocery line is selected with taste and judgment and is always of the purest and most reliable character. Everything is procured di- rect from the manufacturers and importers. A very large trade is transacted in New Haven, and goods are shipped to all parts of Connecticut and "Western Massachusetts. The gentlemen comprising the firm possess a perfect knowledge of every detail of the business and are accounted among the prominent representatives of the trade in this State. Frederic A. Potts & Co., Wholesale Dealers in Coal, IIG Church Street, New Haven, and 110 Broadway, New York. — With their branches at 116 Cluu-ch street. New Haven, Conn., and at Providence, R. I., and Rahway, N. J., this well- known, representative coal firm, as exclusive agents for the sale of the celebrated Old Compa- ny's Lehigh coal, from Summit Hill mines, and as extensive wholesale dealers in all kinds of an- thracite and bituminous coal, have for years filled an important place in businees interests in New Haven, and have largely contributed to the im- mense aggregate of her trade. The important business was established in New York many years ago, and was extended to this city, where an offlce was located at 116 Church street in 1878. As one of the principal sources of supply of fuel for manufacturing purposes in this great indus- trial section, and possessing the best facilities for supplying the trade with the best coals of eveny description at miner's prices, Messrs. Potts & Co. are well and widely known throughout New England and the Middle States, and are recog- nized as among the foremost in their line of trade in the East. Shipping direct from the mines the firm are able to supply demands for home and foreign consumption, in any quantities, at mini- mum wholesale rates, and the house is one witli which it is both pleasant and advantageous to es- tablish and maintain business relations. The members of the firm are Frederic A. Potts, W. R. Potts, N. J. Gates, G. S. Rockwell, G. M. Weld, C. R. Oliver, and Edward Law- rence, the business in New Haven being in the hands of the latter gentleman, as resident part- ner. Mr. Potts is one of the most influential and prominent public men of New Jersey. He was the Republican candidate for Governor of that State, and received more votes than any other nominee of that party for State otfice of recent years. Mr. Lawrence has been councilman of New Haven and has long been one of the fore- most representative business men of the place. Allen & Tyler, Architects, Room No. 13 Ben- edict Building, corner Church and Center Streets. — In no brancli of ait or science has such notable progress been made as in Architecture, as the magnificent structures, public buildings, churches and private residences that attract and please the eye on every hand amply attest. Among the leading and most reliable firms in this city may be mentioned Messrs. Allen & Ty- ler, whose handsome and well-equipped office )& centrally located in the Benedict Building, cor. of Church and Center streets. Room 13, and who stand in the front ranks in this profession in the city, and enjoy as a consequence a large and in- fluential patronage. The business of the firm was established in March, 1886, and by careful attention to the wants of the public as regards modern ideas in the planning and designing of buildings have al- ready gained a large number of patrons, number- ing among them many of our leading citizens. Among the many buildings erected after Messrs Allen & Tyler's plans may be mentioned the residences of Mr. Samuel Stevens, Mr. Chas. Bigelow, Mr. E. S. Perry, Mr. Geo. T. Bradley, and many other private houses. Of the public institutions planned by them the Almshouse building is the most important one, which when completed will cost $175,000. They have also completed the plans of a fine business block containing stores, offices, and a theater capable of seating one thousand people, for Hon. Samuel Simpson of Wallingford, Conn. The members of the firm are Wm. H. Allen, a native of Northampton, Mass., and Frank M. Tyler, a native of this city. Mr. Allen is a Free Mason, and both are members of the Improved Order of Red Men. They aie gentlemen of the highest personal integrity as well as unquestion- able skill, and if the present indications afford any criterion of coming events, their future suc- cess is entirely assured. B. L. Lambert, Real Estate and Loan Agent,. 858 Chapel Street. — Prominent among the most active and enterprising real estate dealers in New Haven is Mr. B. L. Lambert, whose office is at No. 858 Chapel street. Mr. Lambert brings a wide range of experience to bear upon all his dealings, and possesses an intimate knowledge of the various residential and business sections of New Haven, and anywhere within a radius of fifteen miles. He transacts a general real estate business, having for sale or exchange, houses, stores, or flats at all prices, in the choicest loca- tions, and numy on such easy terms as to enable men of but moderate means to purchase a home. Renting is quite a specialty with Mr. Lambert, and he is very popular with landlord and tenant alike, having a choice list of good houses, flats and floors to let. Country property, both for agricultural and residential purposes, also has his close attention, and many large and small farms, for sale and to let, can be Jound upon his books. He negotiates loans on bonds and mort- gages, his honorable methods, liberal policy and low charges being duly appreciated by prop- erty owners and others in need of financial as- sistance. ]Mr. Lambert is a native of Orange,, Conn., and has been activelj' engaged in the real estate business since 1871, with success. ^2 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. David H. Clark, Contractor and Builder, 119 Olive Street, 166 St. Jolin Street. — No account of the varied indu.stries of New Haven would be a •complete and reliable reflex of the resources of this city, without containing at least some account of the enterprise of Mr. David H. Clark, which must rank in importance with any of its con •temporaries in Connecticut. Nor do its claims to distinction stop here, as the period that has elapsed since its foundation in 1877 is such as to identify it most fully with the interests of the city. The premises occupied comprise two floors. 50x60 feet in dimensions, and besides giving employment to 35 skilled hands, employ a 25 horsepower engine in the manufacture of interior and wood decora- tions, mantels, and work of that description. The business was established in 1877 by Messrs. Brown and Clark, succeeded in 1882 by the pres- ent management. All business in the line of carpenter and joiner worlc is promptly attended to at reasonable rates, special attention being paid to the fitting up of stores and all kinds of hard wood finish. The business is very extensive, Mr. Clark having erected over $500,000 worth of buildings in New Haven. The shop is located at Nos 119 Olive street and 166 St. John street. Mr. Clark is a native of Stratford, Conn., and is experienced in all the details of the business. The standing and position of this house is such as to entitle it to the highest consideration, and the manner in which its business is conducted is a fine exemplification of tliose principles, without which no permanent success could be achieved. Robert T. Bacon, Dealer in Men's Furnishing Goods, Shirts, Collars, Cuff's, and Neckwear, Underwear and Gloves, 908 Chapel Street. — Although but recently estal)lished (September, 1886), this house has already a large patronage, due to the tact, energy, and thorough business ability of its proprietor, Mr. Robert T. Bacon, whose large and commodious store is very eligibly situated at No. 908Cliapel street. This establish- ment is very tastefully fitted up, and the stock carried is large and first class, including shirts, collars, cuff's, and neckwear; also underwear and gloves, dress studs and sleeve links in enamel, white and gold. Also a full line of scarf-pins, hosiery and underwear, in pure silk, lambs' wool, merino, in plain white and colors in every grade, at popular prices. In the glove department will be found the choicest selection of gloves of all kinds. Mr. Bacon is a native of Ansonia, Conn., and is sergeant of New Haven Grays, Co. F., Second Reg. Ct. N. G. Mr. Bacon bears an hon- orable name among his many friends in New Haven, and we commend this house to the patron- age of all desiring to purchase first-class goods at reasonable prices. S. Bretzfelder, Dealer in Imported and Domestic Dry Goods, 882 Chapel St., New Haven. A leading dry goods e>t;d)lishment in New Ha- ven is tlie elegant and capacious emporium of S. Bretzfelder Tins is one of the most re- liable establishments, as well as one of the oldefst stores of its kind in the city. Patrons and purchasers may feel assured of receiving excellent goods, honorable treatment, and polite attention, while the prices are always reasonable. This ad- mirably conducted house was established in 1857 by S Bretzfelder. Since his death it has been owned by Mrs. S. Bretzfelder, and conducted by her son, Mr. Henry C. Bretzfelder. The trade from the start has grown annually, and the sales now reach a very handsome amount in the course of a year. An attractive display is made and the stock carried will be found full and complete in every department. This em- braces general dry goods, fancy goods, notions, hosiery, small wares, cloaks, dresses and ladies' underwear, wrappers, etc. Every article purchased here may be relied upon as being not only well made of good material, but ort'ered at unusually low prices. Owing to the facilities enjoyed in the way of manufacture and purcha.se from first hands, tins reliable firm can offer special ativantages to patrons and we heartily commend the house. Mrs. Bretzfelder is a native of Bavaria, while lier son, Mr. Henry C. Bretzfelder, was born in New Haven. Both are well and favorably known in this city and section. John B. Judson, Native and Foreign Fruits. Wholesale and Retail, 724 and 726 Chapel Street, Stalls C and D, City Market. — This iiouse was established in 1874 by Messrs. Mix & Judson, succeeded in 1885 by J B. Judson. A large stock of native and foreign fruits are constantly on hand, and a very large wholesale and retail trade is done. This flourishing house occupies two stands, 25x30 feet in dimensions, located at 724 and 726 Chapel street. Stalls C and D, City Market. Mr. Judson receives his goods from shippers throughout the best producing centers, and his facilities are of the finest. Mr. Judson keeps only the freshest of goods, and all sold at reasonable prices. Large consignments of all kinds of fruits are being daily received. Mr. Judson is ever ready to attend to all orders, whether large or small. He is a native of New Haven, and belongs to Golden Rule Encamp- ment and Harmony Lodge, Odd Fellows. He is also a Past Dictator in the Knights of Honor and one of the most active workers in the Royal Ar- canum, and is a man of energy and enterprise, and very j^opular among a large circle of friends and acquaintances. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 93 New Haven Clock Co., Manufacturers of Clocks and ISIovements of Every Description. — The New Haven Clock Co., was organized in 1853, for tlie purpose of making movements only. In 1856 tliey bought out the Jerome Clock Co^, which had commenced doing business in 1825, and commenced to manufacture the finished clocks. They were the first manufacturers of clocks in quantities, in this country. The names of many people well known in the history of the town, were connected with this corporation from its origin. Chauncey Jerome, James E. English. Hiram Camp, H. M. Welch, John Woodruff and others who are well known in local history, have been identified as stockholders and managers from the beginning until now. The company has kept abreast with the demand for better and cheaper work, which has been felt by all the great interests of the country, and are today fur- nishing to the trade, clock movements of precis- ion, finished in the most perfect manner, as well as greatly improving the character of the cheaper grades of clocks. They have also added lo their other business a department for manufacturing electro-mechanical movements and telegraph sup- plies, which is turning out the best work of the character made in the country. The company has paid special attention to the designing of their clock cases in accordance with the improved and modern styles of house furnishings and decorating in w'oods, and have produced the most artistic work in solid brass which has been shown in clock cases. They manufacture the most complete line of time-pieces manufactured by any company, making everything that can be asked for in the way of clocks, from clocks of precision like Jeweler's Regulators down to the smallest lever clock madein the world, and have added within the last few years to their facilities, the best and most improved machinery for making work in the style of the French movement, _ in cut and polished steel pinions, and are placing upon the market at cheap prices, clocks which a few years ago were only within reach of people of large means. The company's aim has been to furnish the best article which could be produced for a fair piice, and the record of their work shows that they have succeeded. Each year has opened to them a wider market and a larger demand and the name of the company is as well known to represent standard work in England, Australia, China, Japan and South America, as at their own doors in Connecticut. The history of the company's progress has been identified with the great manufacUiring developments of the coun- try and the same qualities of enterprise and apti- tude and thoroughness which have built up the great industries of the country have worked out their legitimate result here. C. M. Parker, Practical Optician, 854 Chapel Street. — Who can doubi but that a man nowa- days must use his eyes under much more un- favorable circumstances than was the case a few generations ago ? Book-keepers working in dark and gloomy offices on account of the tall build- ings shutting out the light on every side. En- gravers doing the finest work in a desperate rush to keep up with their orders. People of all kinds reading poorly printed newspapers by the insuffi- cient light of the street-cars — all these are put- ting a terrible tax on their eyes without appar- ently giving a thought to the grave consequen- ces which may ensue from their so doing. And many of them when they find their eye-sight failing, stop on their way to the office or store and invest a quarter or so with a street-vender for a pair of his villainous spectacles, fondly im- agining that only some kind of a magnifying glass is needed and that any vender, however ignorant, can supply them with that. A mo- ment's reflection should convince any intelligent person of how delicate and complex an organ the eye must necessarily be, and how absurd it is to suppose that anyone unless specially trained in the matter can know precisely what form and arrangement of lenses is suited to any individual case. Practical opticians, men who have made the science of optics a study, are not to be found without some little trouble, and while the study is- essential it should be supplemented by subse- quent practical experience. Some, as, for in- stance, Mr. C. M. Parker, of No. 854 Chapel street, will test the eyes free of charge. This gentleman has, though recently established, al- ready gained the confidence of many who have had practical proofs of his skill. He is a native of Oriskany Falls, N. Y. New Haven Savings Bank, 99 Orange Street. — Realizing in the fullest sense the expectations of its founders, and justifying the confidence re- posed by the community in the methods and in- tegrity of the management, the New Haven Sav- ings Bank will next year (1888) reach the semi- centennial of its existence. The institution was chartered in 1838, and from its inception has had uninterrupted success and accomplished a mis- sion of great beneficence. The statement of the condition of the bank at close of business, Jan. 1st, 1887, makes a showing of which the corporation may well be proud. The d e p o s i ts airgi'egate $5,830,650. the mar- ket value of assets over and above the par and book value with surplus as shown is $790, 889. 00, an evidence of the sound judgment of the officers in the investmf nt of the im- mense sums entrusted to their keeping. The de- posits at the date named reached the great amount of ,$5,830,650, ranking the New Haven Savings Bank among the largest institutions of the kind in New England, and indeed in the country. Messrs. A. L. Kidston and J. P. Tuttle are the President and the Secretary and Treasurer of the bank respectively. They are both financiers of exceptional ability, and in their long connection with the bank and their faithful discharge of the important trusts reposed in them, they have always exhibited that conscientious regard for the interests of the depositors, as to merit the universal commendation of the patrons of the in- stitution, and of their fellow-citizens generally. J)4 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Foy, Harmon & Chadwick, Corset Manufac- turers, Nos. 1 to 9 Church Street, New Haven. — In manufacturing and trade circles in New Eng- land this house has long occupied a most promi- nent position. The business dates back as far as 1865, when it ■was inaugurated by Gen. G. M. Harmon, who was succeeded by the firm of Harmon & Bald- -win, and they in turn by that of Harmon, Bald- win & Foy. Tlie name and style was afterwards changed to Foy, Harmon & Co , and of late the important work has been continued under the firm name of Foy, Harmon & Chadwick. The extensive factory of this house is located at Nos. 1 to 9 Church street, and comprises three large three-story buildings, with an aggregate floor surface of nearly 40,000 square feet; fully equioped with the best labor-saving machinery operated by steam. A force of 150 opera- tors are employed in the manufacture of corsets of the most improved patterns, and for many years the firm have been one of the principal sources of supply for the leading jobbers in this line of goods in the country. Messrs. Foy, Har- mon & Chadwick's corsets are made in various styles, and combine all of the best qualities, witli out any of the defects of this indispensible article ot ladies' outfits, and for comfort, health and durability this concern is unsurpassed by any competitors in the country and equalled b}^ few. Messrs. James H. Foy, George M. Harmon and Chas. N. Chadwick are the individual members of this firm, and among j ibbers throughout the country they are recognized as responsible and successful leaders in this branch of industrial en terprise. Union Trust Company, 807 Chapel Street, New Haven. — Since its organization and incor- poration in 1871, the Union Trust Company has exerted a wholesome influence in the business affairs of New Haven and at present writing it is recognized as one of the solid and ably managed financial institutions of the city. In addition to the transaction of general bank- ing business, the concern is the legally desig- nated depository for trust funds and money paid into courts, and such is the status of the com- pany that trustees depositing funds with them are legally relieved of responsibility for loss. The company occupy commodious rooms on the first floor of their large fine building, 807 Chapel street, and have every facility for the dispatch of business and the care and custody of funds and valuable papers. The management of affairs is characterized by the utmost prudence and the financial ability of the officers emphasizes the confidence reposed in the institution. The officers of the company are : President, Henry L. Hotchkiss; Treasurer, William T. Bartlett, who, with Messrs. Louis H. and Eugene S. Bristol, compose the board of trus- tees. Mr. Wm. T. Bartlett and Mr. Louis H. Bris- tol have served the people as Aldermen of the city with fidelity, and the standing of all en- trusted with the management of affairs gives every assurance of a future of continued pros- perity and increased usefulness. Evarts Cutler, Fine Art Store. Paintings, Engravings, and Etchings. Picture Framing a specialty. Artistic Wares, useful and decorative. Artists'- Materials. 837 Chapel Street. — The love of fine art productions, such as paintings, en- gravings, etchings, &c., is becoming stronger and stronger among us as a nation. Time was, and net so very long ago either, when bare walls was the rule, rather than the exception, in our homes. Things are different now, and a vast change has taken place for the better in this regard. Even in a workingman s home may be seen copies of the productions of the best and truest artists. Art emporiums are far more numerous than they used to be; so numerous, in fact, that it is diffi- cult to to decide which it is best to patronize. In a review of this nature, however, we shall not be far wrong if we mention the name of Mr. Evarts Cutler, whose establishment at No. 837 Chapel street is sucli a source of attraction to those who chance to be in the vicinity. His store is net ooly large and elegantly arranged, but contains many truly beautiful gems of art in the way of paintings, engravings, etchings, &c., together with interior decorative wares of every descrip- tion. Mr. Cutler commenced the business in 1863, and then, for four years, was connected with a Mr. Bradley, who retired after some year-", the sole proprietorship since then being vested in Mr. Cutler. His trade, which is a strictly retail one, extends over the whole country, many orders being received from quite a distance, as it is known Mr. Cutler is quite a connoisseur in art matters generally. Of picture framing in every conceivable style he makes a specialty, and in the matter of artists' materials he does quite an ex- tensive trade. Employing fifteen handa, Mr. Culler is possessed of ample facilities for execut- ing all orders entrusted him, with promptness, and no little of his success in the business is due to the fact that he invariably delivers goods at the exact time promised. Mutual Reserve Fund Life .Association, J. Morse, Mannger, 63 Church Street. — In providing reliable insurance at actual cost, the Mutual Re- serve Fund Life Association of New York, E. B. Harper, President, most assuredly leads all others, and the excellent management of affairs since its organization, six years ago, has demonstrated beyond question the inesti- mable advantages of the mutual plan, well- conducted, over all other systems in vogue. By the particular care exercised in the selection of its members, the conservative, prudent invest- ment of its surplus fund, and the prompt pay- ment of losses, the Mutual Reserve has won its way into popular confidence, and has met with success, almost phenomenal. The expenses are but $3 per year on each $1,000 of insurance, LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 95 and the maximum amount which can be collected during any one year is limited to figures which hrivgs the cost of insurance at most but one half that charged by stock companies. Under this system of insurance over twelve millions of dollars in ca*h has been actually saved to its members for the past six years. This is the only Company doing a life business which has a deposit of $200,000 with the Insurance Depart- ment of N. Y. State. The reserve fund has ac- cumulated since 1881 to $1,000,000, and increas- ing at the rate of $1,500 00 per day. This fund provides for an excessive mortality and for fu- ture assessments. On January 1st, this year, a dividend of 333^ per cent, was declared to members of five years standing. The admission fees range from $8.00 for one thousand dollars insurance, to $70, on $20 000. and death claims are promptly paid within ninety days after approval of proofs of loss. The beneficent work accomplished by this As- sociation is manifested by the large aggregate of $3,000,000 in death claims paid since the organiza- tion of the concern, and the favor in which it is held at home is shown by the fact that in 1885 tke iVIutual Reserve did nearly as much business in New York State as the Mutual Life and the New York Life combined, a larger amount than the Equitable, and except these more than all the other companies combined. The new business for 1887 aggregated $00,000,000, and the assets, January Ut, 1887, are $1.58(1493. 55. The management of the affairs of this great in- stitution in New Haven is in the hands of Mr. J. Morse, whose office is located at No. 63 Church street. He is a reliable, energetic business man, and in his keeping the interests of the Associa- tion are in every way well and faithfully sub- served. Mr. Morse is also agent for the Guaranty Acci- dent Association, which gives insurance against accidents at an annual cost of $12.00 with the following Benefits: Death resulting from acci- dent, or loss of hand and foot, or both hands or both feet, $5,000, $4,000, $3,000, $3,000, $1,000, $500. Loss of one limb, $2,500, $2,000, $1,500, $1,000, $500, $250. Also a weekly indemnity, in case of an accident, of $5 to $25, according to amount of policy. J. D. Dewell & Co., Wholesale Grocers and Flour, 233, 235, 237 and 239 State Street, New Haven. — The city of New Haven is abreast of her sister cities in New England in the magni- tude and extent of its wholesale grocery trade, and the most commendable enterprise character- izes her representative firms in this branch of business. The reliable and popular house of J. D. Dewell & Co., is one of the best known and ranks among the oldest wholesale grocery concerns in New Ha- ven, dating its origin back to 1850. The found ers, Messrs. Bushnell & Co., were in 1863 suc- ceeded by Bushnell& Dewell, and in 1877 the firm, as now constituted, was organized and suc- ceeded to the large trade developed by tlieir pre- dect ssors. Messrs. Dewell & Co's., premises comprise the entire four-story buildine, Nos. 233, 235, 237 and 239 State street, with 32r400 feet of floor surface, and the stock in trade of the firm is complete and extensive, comprising full lines of fine family and staple groceries. The firm conduct a large trade in fine teas and coffees and are direct im- porters of salt, and tlie house is a favorite source of supply for the retail trade of Connecticut and other parts of New England. ]\Iessrs. Dewell & Co, , are agents for the leading Minneapolis Flour ]\Iills of'Washburn, Crosby & Co. They are supplied with all the improved appliances in use, and the brands of this firm are in steady demand. Messrs. J. D. Dewell and F. C. Bushnell com- prise this successful and progressive firm. They were born in Norfolk and IMadison, Conn., re- spectively, and are infiuential citizens and leaders in society as in trade circles in New Haven. Standard Cab Company, Central Office, 62,. 64 and 66 Center St. ; Stable, 108 and 112 Crown St. — In supplying the clieapest and best method of conveyance to points in and about New Ha- ven, the Standard Cab Company have for three years ac- comp 1 i sh- ed a benifi- cent work,, and the ap- preciati o n of the pub- 1 i c has been abun- d a n t 1 y manifest- ed in the large and steadily- growing patronage of the concern. This company have ample facilities for their im- portant busiues.s. I'heir stable is a three-story- structure, 40x120 feet in dimensions, admirably appointed, and with every convenience for the care of horses and cabs. To accommodate the trade of the company, a large number of stylish eabs, coupes, Victoria Hansoms (see cut), and light carriages are constantly at hand for wed- dings, funerals, shopping, calling or for convey- ance to the depot or boat. A force ot 25 compe- tent drivers are employed who are selected with special reference to their sobriety, honesty, care- ful driving and courtesy to passengers. The system of rates adopted by the company is an ad- mirable one, and the rates of fare are the lowest in the city. For cabs, the charge is but 25 cent* for one passenger within a mile limit, or 75 cent& per hour; $1 per hour for two or more passengers, while Coupes, Broughams and Victoria Hansoms can be had for service either in or out of the city for $1 per hour for one or more passengers; and all orders are filled with dispatch. The proprietor of this well regulated establish- ment is Wm. A. Sawyer. Mr. L. H. Kendall is- the efficient superintendent, and there are few cities of the country that can boast a more com- plete or effective cab service than that of the- Standard Cab Company. Mr. Sawyer is prominent in business and social circles in this city, being an active member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows associations, and also of the Elks, Knights of Honor, and Knights of Pythias. «6 LEADIJfG BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. S. E. Merwin & Son, Wholesale Dealers in Beef, Pork, Lard, Bacon, etc., 354 & 356 State Street. — The house of S. E. Merwin & Son, lo tons, Two-wheelers, Road and Beach Wagons, Sleighs, etc., special lines being made for different sections of this and foreign countries. Such has been the repu- tation of the productions of this concern for su- periority of workmanship and finish, and as well for originality in designs and the important im- provements introduced over old methods of con- struction, that the frequent enlargements of the company's works and facilities requii'ed to su]i- ply the demand for their carriages, have made theirs, at this wi'iting, the largest and most com- plete carriage establishment in the world. This house has led the fashion for vehicles in the United States for years. They introduced the fashionable "Two-Wheelers'" about ten years ago, and manufactured about 1,000 of them before any other carriage establishment had made or sold one, and in almost every spe- cialty they lead and never follow. The officers of this great corporation are as follows: President, Edwin Marble; Treasurer, Frank H. Hooker; Secretary, W. H. Atwood; General Superintendent, G. H. Dayton. They are all Connecticut men by birth, and are num- bered among the representative successful man- ufacturers of the country, on 'Change in every market of the United States. Mr. Marble was formerly an Alderman in New Haven and was the esteenied President of the Board, and Mr. Hooker served the people witk fidelitv as one of the Police Commissioners. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN 107 3 rsraO pra (3^) 1^; rara -1 [ 3ia ) pBS[ psf 'sa a' [aa^ pnaf faa ;Hq SB^ },.aii^ 1^91 3o:s^i[Sis im 3]33r^r^ ITS I J 3=^ La» J^sr 33 ', J! :;^ ps-^ ^=rt t=^ la^ i?!3^ pa ^ ^"^ ■iSlli 108 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OP'' NEW HAVEN Sperry & Kimberly, Insurance Agents and Safe Deposit Vaults, 89 Orange Street. — An old established and representative firm is that of Sperry & Kimberly, who for the past twenty years have represented some of the soundest in- surance companies in the world. The facilities enjoyed by these gentlemen in the selection of reliable companies, and in the placing of risks, have drawn to them a long list of customers, comprising many of the large manufacturing and mercantile establishments of this section of the State, many of whom have renewed with them for several years. Among tlie companies represented by this reli- able firm are the following: the Continental Ins. Co., of New York; the Commercial Union, the Guardian and the Imperial Assurance Co., of London, England; the Washington Fire and Marine Ins. Co., of Boston, and the British Am. Assurance Co. of Toronto. For the convenience of persons having valua- bles of any kind, Messrs. Sperry & Kimberly have had constructed at considerable expense their Safe Deposit Vaults. The vaults containing the safes for deposit of securities and storage of valuables are founded upon a ledge of rock and solid masonry eighteen feet deep, and are constructed in the best possible manner of three plates of welded steel and iron, fastened together with patent conical twisted steel and iron screw bolts; each corner is secured by solid welded steel and iron angle irons. The mas- sive doors are fitted with patent dovetails, tenon and grooves, closing into corresponding dovetails, tenon and grooves in the jambs, and are secured by the most approved combination double dial bank locks. These plates are surrounded by a brick wall twenty-four inches thick, laid in con- crete in the most thorough manner. The vestibule between outer and inner doors is also steel lined. These vaults and safes are faultless in construction, and are offered in full confidence, with the assur- ance of perfect safety and security. For absolute security these vaults commend themselves to all possessing valuables of any na- ture — cash, deeds, bonds, mortgages, silver plate, diamonds, etc. These vaults are in charge of two competent watchmen through the night, while, as regards danger from a large conflagra- tion, they are absolutely fireproof For ladies or gentlemen who desire to transact financial business and who have no other con- venient office at hand, special offices are pro- vided. The rent of these safes ranges from $5 to |25 per year, according to size of space occupied, while special rates are made for trunks. Messrs. Sperrj- & Kimberly have every facilitj' at hand for the transaction of their business, the offices are commodious, being 100x20 feet in size, and very centrally located, being within two minutes' walk of the leading banks and but three doors from Chapel street. The members of this firm are well known resi- dents of this city and have long enjoyed the con- fidence and esteem of all. Mr. Sperry has been mayor of New Haven for three years, bank com- missioner for four years, and served for several j^ears as Representative to the General Assem- bly. Mr. Kimberly has also officiated as city au- ditor for four years, and both gentlemen have been identified with the best interests of the city. A. E. Newhall, Manufacturer of Pure Cider Vinegar, 29 C4eorge Street and 133 Columbus Av.. — In riding through almost any of our suburbans towns in the fall of the year we see large quanti- ties of apples being gathered, some to be eaten as fruit, while others are made in- to that delicious beverage call- ed pure cider, which besidea being so pleasing to the taste is often very beneficial, especially to invalids, and immense quan- tities is soured for vinegar, which is in such great demand in the Autumn for the manu- facture of the various kinds of pickles, etc. We would re- spectfully call attention to the establishment of Mr. A. E. New- hall, which is devoted to the manufacture of pure cider and pure cider vinegar, located at 29 George street and 133 Col- umbus avenue. New Haven. The premises comprise two floors of the building, 70x25 feet in dimensions. Mr. New- hall's cider and vinegar are the purest in the market, being manufactured from the fruit alone without being mixed with any of the injurious acids so often used by unreliable manufacturers in both cider and vinegar, and in the latter not only destroy- ing its fine bright taste, but causing it to spoil everything in which it is used. Mr. A. E. New- hall established his factory in 1878. and has met with unrivaled success. His business is mostly wholesale, and dealers feel secure in offering his productions to their customers, feeling confident that they will receive strictly pure, unadulterated articles from him. Mr. Newhall gives his per- sonal supervision to the manufacturing of his cider and vinegar, and has the assistance of thoroughly competent workmen. He is a native of New Haven, a member of the Knights of Pythias and Red Men, and by his honest, up- right business dealings has secured the high es- teem of a large number of friends. C E. Hooghkirk, Harness Maker, 37 Orange Street, 2d floor. — Among the oldest establish- ments of its kind in this city is that of C. E. Hooghkirk, manufacturer of fine harness, etc., located at No. 37 Orange street. (2d floor). This business was established in 1846 by Jas. M. Mount, succeeded in 1877 by C. E. Hooghkirk, the present proprietor. The premises occupied consist of a fine store 25x50 feet in size, well fitted up and equipped with all the modern ap- pliances to facilitate the business. A leading feature of this concern is the manufacture of fine harness from choice and selected irtock, and all lines of leather goods. He employs four practi- cal harness makers whose labors he personally supervises, besides giving all specially particular orders the benefit of his own practical handi- work. In prices Mr. Hooghkirk is a rival of all competitors, and guarantees the productions ot his workshop the equal of any to be procured in the city. He is a native of New York City and a member of the Free Masons. LEADING BUSIiVESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 109 Jeremiah Smith & Sons, Planters, Sliippers and Wholesale Dealers in Genuine Native O.ys- tters, Oyster Point, New Haven.— The distinction enjoyed by this house among the oyster trade at home and abroad is the steady growth of many years of persevering energy and the reward of honest merit. It iiad its beginning thirty-five years ago, wiien oyster cnlture was in its feeble infancy, and the head of the concern was then one of tlie pioneers, and is now a veteran in this industry. The firm as at present constituted was organized about five years ago, and are recog- nized leaders in the oyster trade, home and ex- port, for wliich New Haven is famous. The sup ply dei)ot, packing bouses and office of Messrs. Smith & Sons are located on South Water street, or Oyster Point, where they have extensive buildings, with large and excellent wharves on the harbor, and great as is their important trade their facilities are fully adequate for their present purposes and for its prospective growth for years to come. The Immense oyster beds of the firm are located at Morris Cove, Savin Rock, Milford, Saybrook and New Haven, Conn., and at Hyannis, Mass., and a force of 75 to 100 hands is required in the conduct of the business. Spe- cial attention is paid to packing shell oysters for the Western and Foreign markets, and the con- cern is doubtless tlie largest shippers of natives to England and the Continent of Europe. The firm have a branch establishment at Liverpool irnder the immediate management of Mr. Wm. H. Smith, and abroad as at home they are famous for the superior quality and excellence of their merchandise and the prime condition in which they are delivered to near and remote points. Two large steamers and numerous other small crafc are owned and employed by the Messrs. Smith in their business, and in all that goes to deserve the confidence of their trade and corres- pondents these responsible leaders of the New Haven oyster trade are worthy of emulation. Messrs. Jeremiah, Elwood H. and Wm. H. Smith, are the members of this live firm, and influential citizens of New Haven. They have agencies ;at 28 City Market, New Haven; St. John Shell Fish Market, Liverpool ; Billingsgate Market, X/Oudon; and in Hamburg ; and oysters of the best quality are supplied to all points by the cargo, car load, barrel, tub or gallon. P. O. Peabody & Co., Commission Brokers, 778 Chapel St., New Haven, also at Waterbury and Birmiugham.—The growing wealth of the peo- ple of New Haven is forcil)ly demonstrated by the constantly increasing demand for reliable securi- ties in which to invest surplus funds, and in a h'story of the advance and development of this city, with reference to financial affairs, the_ com- mission brokers must occupy a leading position, as having conduced in no small degree to the city's present importance. Among those houses whose extended transactions and high standing eititle them to more than casual mention is that of F. O. Peabody & Co., whose offices are eligi- bly and centrally located at No. 778 Chapel street. Mr. Peabody, who is the only active member of the firm, is a gentleman who has been prominently identified with the financial world for a number of years. He keeps a keen eye upon the market, and is considered a leading authority upon actual values; and his extended and influential connections enable him to secure much "inside" information of considerable value both to himself and his numerous clients. At his office is one of the best regular stock bulletins in New H iven, while at the same time he is connected by private wire with the New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade. In addition to his own ample capita,l, through his intimate relations with certain wealthy bankers and others he possesses excep- t'onable facilities, not only for the prompt ful- fillment of his own engagements, but for the suc- cessful negotiation of important operations re- quiring large sums of money for others The busi- ness, which is conducted under the management of Jlr. C J. Humislon. was opened here in March, 188^. and has certainly made most astonishing strides. Mr. Peabody is a native of Waterbury. Mr. Humiston has been a resident of this city for many years. He belongs to a class of steady, conservative business men, to which New Haven owes so much of her prosperity, and none can boast of a higher credit standing than the subject of this brief sketch. 110 LEABTVO BUfiTNERS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. FACTORY OF NEW HAVEN RATTAN CO. The New Haven Rattan Co., Corner Orauge and Audubon Streets. — 'J'lie ingenuity of man has of late years largely increased the purposes to which cane is applied, and has opened up ex- tensive avenues for investment of skill and capi- tal in the manufacture of rattan goods. The rat- tan canes are now utilized in the manufacture of articles for use in and adornment of houses in numerous ways, and the stock in trade of most of the dealers in modern art furniture every- where is, in response to the demand of the pur- chasing public, largely composed of merchandise of this description. The company above-named was organized in 1882, and with abundant capital have secured fa- cilities for the manufacture of their specialties in a hundred novel and beautiful designs, and to supply the finest goods of this description to the trade at smallest margin above the actual cost of production. A force of one hundred skilful workmen are employed in the company's works, at corner of Orange and Audubon streets, and the establish- ment, comprising two four-story buildings, 40x100 feet each in size, is one of the most complete of its kind in the country. The machinery used is of the latest and best patterns, operated by steam, and the work turned out is always suited to the demands of the public, the styles and designs be- ing in accord with prevailing tastes and changes in fashion. The house imports its rattan from China and these are split and prepared for use in the manu- facture of chairs and other articles of utility and beauty for household purposes. The trade is large and rapidly increasing and extends to all parts of the United States, and the concern suc- cessfully competes in variety of designs, quality and prices of its goods, with any other house i the country in this field of industrial activity. C~^ Mr. Isaac N. Dann is the President and Mr. Ed. F. Mersick is the Treasurer of this well-known corporation, and [largely to their executive and business ability the company owes its success. John W. Hatstat, Dealer in Fine Groceries and Fruit, 7-4 Trumbull Street, corner Whitney Avenue.- — We are free to admit in descanting- upon the many advantages in all departments of trade that pertains to New Haven, that one of the most important enterprises connected with this community is that which relates to grocery trade. Largely engaged in this line is the house of John W. Hatstat, an establishment which has promoted the business to which we allude to a remarkable degree. This house was founded in 1877 by Mr. J. M. Hatstat, succeeded in 1882 by the present management, Mr. John W. Hatstat, who, having a thorough practical knowledge of the. business and entirely familiar with every detail, he applied himself sedulously and successfully to the enlargement of opeiations which have since annually increased, and the trade is no\r large and lucrative. The store is located at No. 74 Trumbull street, corner of Whitney avenue, where he occupies two floors, having an area of 60x20 feet. These premises are stocked with a choice assortment of Fine Groceries and Foreign and Domestic Fruits of all kinds in their season, a specialty being made of the celebrated "Farm- ington Butter." The facilities of the house are unsurpassed for obtaining first-class goods. Po- lite assistants are on hand to wait upon customers, and all orders are filled and delivered promtly Mr. Hatstat is a native of Fair Haven, and is a Free Mason and member of the "lied Men." LEABINQ BUSINESS MEN OF NEW RAVEN. Ill The New Havei Fold nj Chair Co., 5o2 "State Street, Mauufacturers of Folding and Fancy -Chairs, Patent Rocliers, and Invalid lieclining .and Rolling Chairs. — The wonderful growth at- tained by New Haven during comparatively re- cent years is largely and almost wholly due to the enterprise and intelligent efforts of those who conduct our representative houses in every branch of trade or manufacture, and on every side may be seen the results of their ability and enterprise. In this connection, therefore, it is a duty, as well as a pleasure, to refer to the New Haven Folding Chair Co., which in its particular line has un- doubtedly distanced all competitors and now stands alone without a rival. The business now carried on by this company was originally estab- lished in 1858, and was carried on under the firm name of "Dann Bros.," until 1865, when a joint stock company was organized, and has continued in existence ever since. The present officers of the organization are as follows : President, I. N. Dann; Secretary and Treasurer, E. F. Mersick; Superintendent, E. Kelsey. The warerooms and factory are located at No. 553 State street — a large four-story brick building, containing some- where about 40,000 square feet of flooring space. The factory is most admirably arranged and equipped throughout with the most modern ma- ■chinery and appliances, the greater portion of which have been specially designed and built for Jhese works, the motive power being furnished by a fifty horse-pow- er steam engine. A force of a hundred skilled workmen is employed; each de- partment is in charge of a compe- ii«^^1>.♦,♦♦♦♦■♦■»vi.i•i^•::^^v,7■".•m■ tent head, and the teiliil^iifi whole is regulated mmvii^iiiiiimmfS by a system which Wm^Mi*§mimm filcilitates the trans- action of business and assures the l)rompt execution of all orders. Here are manufactured every conceivable variety of folding and fancy chairs, patent rockers, as well as invalid re- clining and rolling chairs. A specialty with this concern at present is in the line of fancy leather chairs, now so fash- ionable, and which are to be found in the homes of any- one with the least ]iretentions to taste. The position occu- pied by the compa- ny, in fact, is such tbat its productions find a ready mar- ket, not only over the whole of this country, but orders are being constantly received from every corner of the world — a fact which is more convincing than words of the excellence of their goods, the honesty of the material employed, and their gen- eral high degree of finish. William Hull & Son, Ale and Porter Brew- ers, 4 Whiting Street. — As the sole surviving partner of the well known firm of William Hull & Son, Mr. Wm. H Hull is conducting a large and flourishing business in New Haven, as a brewer of Ale and Porter, and in his hands the prestige of the old concern as well as the name is maintained. The brewery, located at No. 4 Whiting street, is one of the most complete in New England, ev- ery facility being provided for the manufiacture of pure malt liquors of superior quality, and 100 barrels per day are turned out of the establish- ment. Mr. Hull makes a specialty of Stock Ale and Stock Porter, for which the house has, since 1870, the date of the establishment of the busi- ness, been famous, and in purity, flavor and gen- eral excellence of the product this house success- fully competes with any brewing concern in the country. A force of from fifteen to twenty hands are constantly employed in the establishment, and the demand for the product of the concern is steadily increasing. Mr. Hull is a reliable, enter- prising business man and influential citizen of New Haven, and his worth commends him to all. 112 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Seabrook & Smith, 3Ianufac1urers of Fine Light Carriages, Nos. I'JS and 130 Park Street. — Among the manufacturers engaged in this line in New Haven who have gained a reputation for the merits of their productions, are Messrs. Sea- brooli & Smith, of Nos. 128 and 130 Parle street, who make carriages equal in style, finish and quality to any concern in the countiy. The business was established in 1868 by the present proprietors, H. C. Seabrook and L. T. Smith. The premises occupied comprise five floors, 66x 150 feet. This building is divided into separate departments, and employment is given to thirty skilled workmen, whose operations are all under the personal supervision of the proprietors. The manufactures of the house include all kinds of light carriages and wagons in every variety of style. Only the best materials are utilized, and Messrs. Seabrook & Smitli especially invite or- ders from parties who require a better class of work than is generally sold at reasonable prices and guarantee to supply them satisfactorily. Their trade, although mostly retail, is very ex- tensive throughout the New England States. Messrs. Seabrook & Smith use in their manufac- tory a 12 horse-power steam engine, and in fact everything to promote promptness in filling their orders. [ Mr. H. C. Seabiook is a native of the West j Indies, while his partner, Mr. L. T. Smith, is a ' native of New Haven, and they are both gentle- men of large experience in the business. j S. S. Mallett, Manufacturers' Supplies. Afa chinists' Supplies and Tools, 776 Chapel Street — Owing to the vast magnitude of the manufac- turing interests of our country the bu.siness of those dealing in manufacturers' and bulders' sup plies and general hardware is a large and im- portant one. Among the well and favorably known houses engaged in this line of business in New Haven that so successfully carried on by Mr. S. S. Mallett, No. 776 Chapel street, occu- pies a leading position. The keeping of stand- ard goods and the prompt and accurate filling of orders have had much to do with Mr. ISIalUtt's success, and the large and desirable trade which he enjoys shows the confidence which is reposecf in him by manufacturers, builders and the public- in general. A full line of hardware, cutlery, tools, and also machinists' supplies and tools is constant- ly carried, and owing to special arrangement.^ which have been made Mr. Mallett is able to furn- ish at very short notice any article which may be required, even if not in stock when ordered. The machinists' trade has almost been revolu- tionized within comparatively few years b}" the invention and application of ingenious and effect- ive tools to almost eveiy kind of work. Jobs- that it seemed an utter impossibility to do other than slowly and laboriously by hand a few years ago, requiring the employment of sjjecially skilled workmen and a long time in which to do the work, are now turned out lapidly and accurately by the use of machine tools in the hands of ordi- nary journeymen, and no shop or manufactory in the countrj'^ is now capable of competing with its rivals without a full supply of these modern tools and appliances. As these tools are being invented and improved almost dnil}', and as it is conceded that every de- tail tending to simplify and cheapen production must be carefully looked to to ensure success ii> the machinist's business to-day. machinists will find it for their interest to keep their eyes on Mr. Mallett's stock, which alwa}^s contains all meri- torious and labor-saving tools. Mr. Mallett occu- pies a large store for the accommodation of his- goods. C Pierpont & Co., Manufacturers of Im- proved Baldwin's Ensilage and Feed Cutters, etc., corner Park and Crown Streets. — In our wanderings through the city in search of new in- ventions, or for the purpose of bringing to notice some comparatively new to a great many, the manufacture of several important articles as car- ried on by C. Pierpont & Co., located at the cor- ner of Park and Crown streets, occurred to us as something that would interest a great many when they learned to what extent this business is carried, and the perfection which has been at- tained. The products of this house are Im- proved Baldwin's Ensilage and Feed Cutters, LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN 113 known to be the most perfect articles for their respective uses in the market. Also the cele- brated and always reliable Excelsior money drawers and rubber bucket pumps, besides being the manufacturers to a large extent of Cog- gins' improved carriage tops, with patent wrought iron adjustable shifting rail, and backs, cushions, fells, dashes, etc., and sunshade. The business which is quite an old established one was founded by J. D. Burdick & Co. in 1864. succeeded in 1870 by Pierpont & Stevens, and again in 1878 by C. Pierpont & Co. The prem- ises occupied lor their manufactory consist of a fine four-storv building covering an area of 40x100 feet, with an addition of a well-equipped blacksmith shop and dry-house. A lifty horse- power steam engine is used in the building to propel their machinery, which is of the most im- proved patterns. Twenty capable hands also find employment here and" the trade is very ex- tensive, extending over a large territory. Mr. Pierpont is a highly esteemed citizen of New Ha- ven, being one of the first members of the Board of Aldermen, he is also director of the " Security Ins. Co.," and is trustee of the Centerville Horse K. R. and director of National Savings Bank. ]\Ir. D. W. Baldwin, the superintendent of these works, is a gentleman of ability, thorough- ly conversant with all the details of tlie business, and fully deserving of the responsible position he holds. Enos S. Kimberly, Wholesale and Retail Deal- er in Coal and Wood, Oflices No. Ill Church Street, (Cutler Corner,) 538 Grand Street, New Haven. — In writing a detailed account of the in- dustries of New Haven, with some account of those individual enterprises that have conduced so greatly to the thrift of the community, we must not overlook the fact that no little vitality has emanatetl from a traffic in coal and wood that appears to have become more and more im- portant annually. In this connection the old es- tablished house of Enos S. Kimberly is not un- worthy of special mention. Dealing in both an- thracite and bituminous coals, and all kinds of hard and soft wood, this house has established an extensive wholesale and retail trade through out the State, for the promotion of which it pos- sesses ample facilities. The business was started by Sperry & Co. in 1850 and in 1864 succeeded by Kimberly & Goodrich, coming under the sole management of Enos S. Kimberly in 1881. The premises occupied for the business consist of two offices, located at No. Ill Church street, (Cutler corner,) and 538 Grand avenue, the main office being 20x15 feet in dimensious, and finely fitted up. The yard is located at Nos 488-538 Grand Ave- nue, and covers an area of 750x150 feet, equip- ped with two steam engines, one twenty-five and the other 12 horse-power. The facilities enjoj^ed by this house are unsurpassed by any dealer in the State, as his connections with railroads ami shippers generally are conducive to a large trade. Mr. Kimberly is an esteemed citizen, being a native of New Haven, and will be found prompt, liberal and enterprising, never unsolicitous for the benefit of patrons, and always prepared to offer terms in keeping with sucli a reputation. I i s s s I ^! \' E. B. Sheldon & Co., 393 State Street.— The large business done by E. B. Sheldon & Co., in the elieible premises which occupy three floors, 85x40 feet in area, at 893 State street, was origin- ally started in 1861, coming under the coatrol of the present proprietors in 1877, since which time the business has assumed immense proiwrtions, under the able management it has enjoj'ed. They possess all the necessary tools and ma- chinery used in the business, which derives its motive power from a steam engine of 15 horse- power. Upwards of fifty skilled hands are em- ployed and their trade extends throughout this country and Canada. The character of the work produced in electrotype p'ates of all kinds is first class. This firm being the sole owners and proprietors of a patent mould for casting metal- back electrotypes, which is the most perfect of its kind known. Everything that pertains to tlie business is done with dispatch at reasonable prices. The members of the firm are Messrs. E. B. Sheldon, C. S. Butler and E. H. Parkhurst, all three gentlemen of experience in the details of this business, and have achieved a repute which entitles them very justly to the considera- tion of which they are the object •>. Ou' readers who may be in any way concerned in the work of E. B. Sheldon & Co., or desirous of obtaining estimates for all descriptions of such work, should write them. This firm make a specialty of fine electrotypes for manufacturers' catalogues, and also do a large business in making electros for newspaper advertising, among their customers being many of the leading advertisers and adver- tising agents in the countr3\ 114 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Geo. E. Whitmore, Manufacturer and Dealer in Children's Carriages, Tricycles, Velocipedes, etc., 89 Crown Street, New Haven. New York office 102 William Street.— The attention that of late years has been directed to the production of Children's Carriages, Tricycles, Velocipedes, etc., has developed the fact that American skill and artistic ability and taste are quite as successful in the manufacture of such articles as they have proved in other departments of nianufacluriug industry. A most convincing proof of tliis fact — if any confirmation be needed — can be found by a visit to the establishment of Mr. Geo. E. Whitmore, whose salesroom is at No. 89 Crown street. Here may be always found a complete stock of children's carriages in every style and material, of his own manufacture, to- Patented January 18, 1887. gether with bicycles, tricycles and velocipedes, in sizes to suit all ages. A specialty in which Mr. Whitmore deals is the new "Eureka" tri- cycle, for boys and girls, which is the only ma- chine of its kind which physicians recommend in all respects. It is the most elegantly made and most thoroughly constructed tricycle on the mar- ket, being especially suitable for use by children. The "Eureka," however, is not a mere toy, to be thrown aside after a season's use, but will last for years. Mr. Whitmore commenced business here in 1880, at first on a comparatively small scale; but his energy, business tact and jiersever- ance soon brought him a large number of patrons. His store rooms and factory are located in the rear of his store on Crown street. They are fit- ted up in the most complete manner possible, and are provided with every appliance which Mr. Whitmore's long practical experience in this spe- cial line of business can suggest. In addition to manufacturing children's carriages, etc., he is also an extensive dealer in parasols, lace covers, straps, mats, etc. His business, which is both wholesale and retail, extends to all parts of the country, and his productions are looked upon everywhere as the standard by which all others should be judged. Mr. Whitmore is the inventor and patentee of the "Eureka" Tricycle, and gives the closest personal attention to every detail in his establishment, which is a credit alike to him- self and the city in which it is situated. C W. Clark, Slate Roofer and Dealer in Coal. Office and Yard 118 Long Wharf, New Haven.— Taking everything into consideration there i& probably no description of roof which contains so many good qualities and so few bad ones as- does one covered with slate. A very prominent New Haven house engaged in this branch of trade is that conducted by Mr. C. W. Clark, at 113 Long Wharf. ]Mr. Clark is a dealer in all kinds of roofing slates, such a.s i Browuville and IMunson, Maine, Bangor and I Chapman, Pa., Purple, Green and Red Vermont slate, etc. Slate nails, zinc, tarred paper, etc.. are also in stock, and most careful and prompt attention is given to repairing. All Mr. Clark's- work is fully warranted, and perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to all who may favor him with their orders. He is a native of IVIiddle Grand- ville, N. Y., and started his present business in 1861, and it has now reached such propor- tions (although entirely retail) as to re- quire the employment of nine men. Lehigh, Lackawanna, Franklin and Cumberland Coal are also largely dealtin and a yard is occupied having a capacity for 700 to 800 tons of coal and 200 to 300 tons of slate. The office is furnished with telephone connection. IVIr. Clark's facili- ties for roofing are of the best, and all Avork entrusted to him is ensured early and careful attention. Orders may be sent, if desired, to P. O. Box 759. Merwin's Real Estate OflSce, 759 Chapel Street. — Prominent among our leading real estate and money brokers of New ilaven, and the oldest house in that line in the county, is Mr. Robert T. Mer- win. This house was established in 1846, under the firm name of Ira Merwin & Son, and was conducted under that title for twenty-one years, when in 1870 Mr. Robert T. Merwin as- sumed full charge. Mr. Merwin does a large business in every department of general real es- tate buying, selling, renting, exchanging, insur- ing, mortgaging and repairing all kinds of prop- erty. Mr. Merwin will always be found prompt^ accurate and thoroughly reliable. He is con- stantly handling large sums of money and placing it in mortgages and other securities. His judg- ment is invaluable, and he has the fullest confi- dence of capitalists and landowners. Mr. Mer- win's office is convenient, located on first floor,^ at No. 759 Chapel street, where his valuable opinion is constantly solicited by all classes of the community, and his ever courteous and attentive manners to all has gained him a wide-spread pop- ularity. He has a thorough knowledge of the value'of all kinds of real estate and personal prop- erty, and his unerring judgment makes him a desirable person with whom to place commisions. Persons trusting the care of their property to Mr. Merwin, eitherlfor the sale of real estate or the collection of rents can rely upon its being attend- ed to in a prompt and efficient manner. Those wishing to hire the use of money will find in Mr. Merwin an honorable, upright business man, who will not take the advantage of their embar- rassment and charge exorbitant rates. Mr. Robert T. Merwin is a native of New Ha- ven, and his long residence here and successful business career have won him a host of friends ia both social and business circles. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW II A VEN. 115 Elliott House, Sanmel II. Crane. Proprietor, Corner Chapel and Olive streets. — This hand- some and admirably kept hotel stands at the cor- ner of Chapel and Olive streets, commanding a fine view of the principal business street of the city and convenient to the depot, postoffice, banks, churches, etc. It contains sixty-seven rooms, besides a large handsome dining room, reading room, office, etc. The rooms are hand- somely furnished with first-class beds and neatly kept. The table is one of the best to be found at any New England hotel ; well supplied with the best the market affords and admirably cooked. Its pastry cannot be surpassed by any establish- ment, and the food set before the guest is tempt- ing and never stinted. The building is a large, five-story brick structure, and presents a home- like and inviting appearance. It was first opened to the public in"l874 by Richard Dyer, succeeded in 1875 by A. F. Sanders, the present proprietor, Mr. Samuel H. Crane, assuming control in 1876. This genial gentleman is a native of Springfield, Mass., and is a member of the Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Red Men, and in fact almost every so- ciety in New Hav^en, and numbers his friends throughout the community by the score. The house is steam heated, a very large boiler being used for the purpose, producing an even temper- ature througliout the coldest weather. Twenty- five find employment in the different departments of this flourishing establishment, and everything about the house (which is conducted on the American plan) is first-class in every respect. Ne-w Haven Window Shade Company, Man- ufacturers and Jobbers of Window Shades and Fixtures, 52 Orange Street. — The denuxnd for the requisites for beautifying the homes of the rich and poor, has of late years steadily increased, and the skill and taste ot manufacturers of arti- cles entering into the adornment of dwellings has been taxed to supply the essentials, called for by the cultivated tastes and refinement of to- day. In no particular of house decoration has such marked improvement been manifest as in the de- signs and patterns of window shades, draperies, etc., and the artistic styles evolved by those who cater to the people in this regard have added manifold attractions to "the palaces of the rich and the cottages of the poor." The leading concern in this line of trade in this city is the New Haven Window Shade Company, Ko. 52 Orange street, whose extensive establish- ment, comprising four floors with an aggregate floor area of over 16,000 square feet, is one of the most complete in New England. This company was organized in 1869, and the business has been steadily conducted with that energy and tact as to develop a trade of great pro- portions, both wholesale and retail, and extend- ing far beyond city and state limits. The house manufacture and carry in stock an immense as- sortment of the latest patterns and designs in window shades and fixtures, including fringes, shade pulls-, rollers, turcomans, raw silk, ramie, fashion cloth tapestries, jutes, felts, momie cloth and other fashionable draperies, and Swiss ap- plique, antiques, Madras, French guipure and Nottinghams. The stock also embraces shade rings, tassels and trimmings, poles, cornices, tassel hooks, pic- ture knobs, cord, weather strips, upholsterer's nails, spring beds, carpet linings, binding, stair rods, gimp, opaque shade cloth, hollands, etc., and the company's facilities for supplying the latest and best goods in their line at lowest pos- sible wholesale rates are all that could be desired. The New Haven Window Shade Company are the Eastern agents for the I\Ianhattan Shade Cloth Company's opaque and cambric shadings, plain anil decorated, and the house is one which is accounted reliable, responsible and successful in all that is implied by the terms. Messrs. A. G. Smith and J. BoardniJln Smith, the proprietors, are both natives of North Ha- ven, and enjoy the esteem and confidence of the trade throughout New England and adjoining sections. Ii. F. Goodyear, Maniifncturer of all kinds of Carriage Axles, 881 State Street. — The vast im- provement made of late years in the processes used in the manufacture of iron and steel, have enabled the enterprising manufacturers of metal products to attain a degree of perfection scarcely dreamed of a quarter of a century ago. To no class of producers is this circumstance of more importance than to the manufacturers of carriage axles, and no house in the country has been more swift to avail itself of the improvements in materials entering into its productions than that of L. F. Goodyear of New Haven. This industry was inaiigurated by the firm of L. F. Goodyear & Co. in 1852, and in 1857 the senior partner be- came sole proprietor. In 1875 the firm of Good- year & Ives was organized as his successors, and until 1886 the business was conducted under that name and style. Mr. Ives retiring, Mr. Goodyear again became the only party in interest, and un- der his able management the business has steadily prospered, and the reputation of the old house has been maintained unimpaired. Mr. Goodyear's premises comprise a large three-story building 40x100 feet in dimensions, with a well-equipped foundry 30x40 feet in size, and a forging shop 40x75 feet in area. The works are supplied with every requisite appli- ance and the latest improved machinery, operated by a steam engine of 100 horse-power and a force of twenty-five workmen are employed in the sev- eral departments. The output consists of iron and steel axles for carriages, a specialty being made of Steel's Pat- ent Sand-Box Axles, which are conceded to be unsurpassed by any others in use, and the general range of manufactures has been of such a high standard of excellence as to create a steady de- mand for the Goodyear axles from all parts of the country. The heavy business of this old, reliable con- cern, has always been conducted upon honorable business methods, and to the probity, tact and worth of the proprietor is due the confidence which universally obtains in the house and its management. Mr. Goodyear is a native of Hamden, Conn., and is well and favorably known in this city, having resided here for many years. 116 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. M. Zunder & Son, Wholesale Dealers and Importers of Foreign Produce, Liquors, Wines and Tobacco, Nos. '-'49 and 351 State Street.— In proportion as tlie opportunities are presented for the adulteration of merchandise in any line of trade, to that extent is the reliable merchant in that field of mercantile enterprise recognized as a public benefactor, and it follows, as a rule, that concerns conducted by dealers of unquestioned integrity survive and prosper, whilst others languish and decline. Among the representa- tive business houses of New Haven, that of M. Zunder & Son, wholesale importers and dealers in Foreign Produce, Liquors. Wines and Tobac CO, is a notable instance of the truth of the o'd adage that honesty is the best policy. This business was established in t8.")2 by the senior j member of the firm, Mr. jNL Zunder, who has been the head of the concern up to this date. In 18(52 he associated with himself Mr. Chas. J. Melz ger, and under the firm name and style of M. Zunder & Co., the business was conducted with eminent success until 1882, when Mr. Metzger retired from the business, and the son of the senior partner, Mr. Albert Zunder, became the junior member of the firm. The Messrs. Zunder occupy a large five-story building at Nos. 249 and 251 State street, cover- ing an area of 25x100 feet in dimensions and the stock in trade compri'jes a most complete and extensive assortment of foreign produce, of their own importation, including the choicest German Wines and Liquors, from the most famous cel- lars of Europe, and the best foreign and domestic Cigars procurable. The facilities of the firm for supplying the finest and most reliable merchandise to the trade at lowes^t possible prices are unequaled by few competing houses in New England, and for thirty five years the concern has successfully catered to the most desirable trade of New Eng- land and the Middle States. The ^Messrs. Zunder are agents for the Bre- men, Hamburg and Red Star Steamship lines, and furnish passage, cabin or steerage, at mini- mum rates. They also issue drafts on all parts of Europe, and information is promptly and cheer- fully furni-hed as to rates and routes. The senior member of this firm is a German by birth, and is one of the substantial, influential mer- chants and citizens of New Haven. He is the honored president of the National Savings Bank, an efficient Director in the Mechanics Bank, and was for twenty years a zealous member of the Board of Education of New Haven. Both father and son are honored among men and merchants and in a wide range of business ac- quaintance at home and abroad are held in uni- versal esteem and confidence. W. O. Mcintosh, Art Publisiier, 116 Orange Street. — This business was established b}^ the present proprietor in 1880, and from a compara- tively small beginning lias come to be regarded as one of the leading establishments of its nature in the New England States. Mr. Mcintosh is a gentleman well known in art circles, and his opinion on matters pertaining to fine lithographic work is sought after by many. But more partic ularly is it in the line of art goods generally, in which he deals, and his display in this direction gives evidence of more than usual care and taste in the selection. His specialties include Christ- mas, Valentine and Easter cards and novelties, birthday and wedding cards, day and Sunday school reward cards, note paper and envelopes, tablets, pens and ink, ball programs, menu cards, flower and landscape studies, advertising cards, scrap pictures, and in fact everything in the lith- ographic card line. Mr. Mcintosh, whose estab- lishment is located at No 116 Orange street, has both a large wholesale and retail trade all through the country, and occupies one floor, 50x20 feet in dimensions, together with a workshop in another portion of the citj". His display of artistic cards and engravings is very fine, and one could pass an afternoon there most profitably in looking at them. A large force of assistants are constantly em- ployed in this establishment in filling the many orders with which his patrons favor him. In fact, although his trade is already large, it is rap- idly increasing, and indications are that before very long large additions will have to be made to his present accommodations in order to meet the demands upon his facilities. Well and practi- cally acquainted with every- branch of his busi- ness, Mr. Mcintosh, who is a native of Ottawa, Canada, personally .superintends the needs and orders of his customers. He is prompt and re- liable, and enjoys the highest reputation in both business and social circles. Chas. S. Leete& Co., 297 to 803 State Street, Drugs, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, etc.— A house which has deservedly maintained a lead- ing position in the drug trade of New Haven is that of Chas. S. Leete & Co., whose salesrooms and offices are located at Nos. 297 to 303 State street. Both as regards enterprise and energy, as well as the most careful attention to the pro- gress of medical service, and the care bestowed upon the purity and quality of all pharmaceuti- cal preparations passing through their hands, the firm in question has ever retained an increasing and superior class of patronage. Mr. Charles S. Leete is the only active member of the firm, the "Co." being merely nominal, and the business which he has now so successfully carried pn since 1873, was originally established as far back as 1824 by a Dr. Lewis, who was succeeded six years later by the firm of Booth & Brummell. They in their turn gave w^ay in 1849 to Messrs. Cowles & Leete, a copartnership which lasted until 1873. The premises occupied comprise four floors, each 100x30 feet, and the immense space thus provided is none too large for accommoda- ting the large stock which it is found neces- sary to keep constantly on hand. The drugs, chemicals, patent medicines, paints, oils, glass, acids, brushes, etc., offered for sale by Mr. Leete are unsurpassed for quality and general excel- lence; and they are sold at the lowest market quotations, while all orders are filled with promptness and careful accuracy. The volume of trade, which is both wholesale and retail, ex- tends throughout the whole of the New England States. Mr. Leete is highly esteemed in com- mercial circles for his business capacity and ster- ling integrity, while the promptness, liberality and just dealing with which all the operations of this large establishment are conducted are as commendable as they are proverbial. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 117 J^erfect/on Prepared FLOUR. / I i PREPARED i iBUCKWHEff I FLOUR Tyr j I I MANUFACTURED I I I BY i I |S.H.STREETlCo.| 1 209-21lWaterSt J S. H. Street & Co., Manufocturers and Pack- ers of Food Products. Office 38 Crown Street Factory, 209 and 211 Water Street.— The marked improvement in the preparation of food products, owing to scientific investigation and research as to the wliolesome properties of every manufac- tured article used lor food, has developed many and important industries. Among those engaged in the nuxnuf'aclute and packing of specialties in this wide range of merchandise, the house of S. W. Street & Co. have, for some j'ears, heen suc- cessfully identified with the progressive producers of the country, and their "Pertection" brands of Buckwheat Breakfast cake and Bread flour, and Wheatine oatlet, Cerealet, Boiled oats. Hominy and other products, are found in many of the leading grocery and provision establishments of the United States. The immense business conducted by this firm was inaugurated by Mr. S. H. Street, the senior liartner in the concern, in 1878, and he associated with himself his brother, Mr. F. B. Street, in 1880. From a modest beginning the trade of the firm has attained most import- ant proportions, and the output of the es- tablishment is steadily gaining in popularity and favor. The works of Messrs. Street & Co. are located at 209-211 "Water street, New Haven, with their offices and warerooms at 83 Crown street. The lactory is a four-story building, ad- mirably arranged and thoroughly equipped with the machinery and appliances in use for their purposes, and a force of skilled workmen, clers.k etc., are employed in the several departments. The Perfection Prepared Flour of this repre- sentative concern has always maintained its rep- utation as the best obtainable for the specific uses for which it is manufactured, and in the markets of the country every article handled by the house is in constant and increasing demand. The members of this firm are natives of East Haven, Conn., and are young men of exceptional j energy, and their large trade extends to all sections of the New England and Middle States. Tremont House, corner of Court and Orange Streets, L. F. Kellogg, Proprietor. — Especially adapted to the business in which he is engaged and possessing all the qualifications of a modern, popular and successful landlord, Mr. L. F. Kel- logg has for seven years conducted one of the best first-class hotels in New Haven, and under his regime the Tremont House has steadily grown in general fiivor with the traveling public. This hotel was opened in 1861, under the pro- prietorship of Mr. Enos Foote, who in 1876 was succeeded by Mr. C. E. Crultenden, and in 1879 by present proprietor. For a quarter of a cen- tury the house has been the favorite stopping place for commercial and business men visiting JNew Haven. The Tremont Hoiise is a large and imposing five-story building, 40x110 feet in dimensions, with 65 large, high pitched and elegantly fur- nished bedrooms, and is heated throughout by steam, with hot and cold water in the rooms and balh rooms connected, and all the modern con- veniences of a first-class hotel. The table is kept up in the best possible man- ner, and the excellent bill of fare is served in the best style, and there is not in New England a house which, at the same popular scale ot prices, affords better accommodations. Mr. C. II. Pierpont is the courteous chief clerk of the Tre- mont and is a genial and popular manager. j\Ir. Kellogg is a considerate, accommodating host, and is ever vigilant to anticipate and sujijily the wants of his guests. He is a native of New Hartford, C(mn., and is accounted by traveling men who visit New Haven, a model landlord, whose success has been worthily won. William H- Couch, Dealer in Saddlery Hard- ware, 3.5, 37 and 39 Orange Street. — One of the most flourishing business enterprises of New Ha- ven is that cairied on by Mr. William H. Couch at Nns. 3."), 37 and 39 Orange street. Mr. Couch is a dealer in saddlery hardware at the above ad- dress. The business was inaugurated in 1872, under the name of Kelsey & Couch, but in 1886 Mr. William H. Couch succeeded to the sole ownership of the business and has since conduct- ed it under Ins own name. Mr. Coiich is a na- tive of Danbury, Conn., and is 50 years of age. He has shown a very marked degree of energy and enterprise in the management of his busi- ness, and he has ample reason to be proud of the way in which it has extended and increased since he gave it his undivided attention. His transactions now extend all over the State and the uniform good quality of the goods sold is proving the means of ensuring a duplicate of every order received by him. Mr. Couch is very thoroughly acquainted with the goods that he handles, and as he has made exceptionally favor- able terms with the various munufacturers of them he is enabled to offer his customers some very advantageous trades, while fully guarantee- ing the articles which he sells. Some of the best known manufacturers of saddlery in the State are old and large customers of his and his pre- sent quarters, spacious as they are, must soon prove too small it' his trade continues to increase at its present ratio. One floor of an area of .50x80 feet is occupied, and an ample force of ef- ficient assistants is emi51oyed. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 119 H. C. Rowe & Co., Oyster Growers, Quiniii- j piac Bridge. — With the growth of our country in trade and population, the different sections and j succeeding generations have produced men com- petent and wilHng to meet the new and increas- ing wants of tlie people, and to these leading spirits, humanitarians, in every sense of the word, the beneficiaries of tlieir enterprise pay a grateful tribute. Within the recollection of those not yet passed life's meridian, the people of the Atlantic seaboard, with sinceie regret, prophesied the speedy extinction of oysters as an article of food, a luxury indeed, but one the loss of which, nevertheles, gave them grave concern. Scientists and savants gave to the matter their best thought, and the propagation of these delicious bivalves in waters where they were theretofore unknown, was tlie only solution of the problem. The arti- ficial propagation of oysters became a study fur those who saw in the success of this plan a re- turn above and beyond payment for time and labor, and with an earnestness which promi?3d much, devoted themselves to the work. Among the pioneers in the undertaking, we find in New Haven one of those who achieved success in the fullest meaning of the term, Mr. H. C. Rowe, of the well-known house of H. 0. Rowe & Co., attempted the cultivation of oysters in the deep water of Long Island Sound; and from the satisfactory results he obtained, has grown up one of the most important of the great industries ! of New England, and to-day, Connecticut ex- 1 ports hundreds of thousands of bushels of oj'sters I yearly to New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts 1 and even to Europe, a new field of labor has been opened up furnishing employment to thou sands, and producing vast quantities of oysters, far superior in flavor to the Southern stock, which New England was fast becoming depend- ent upon. The business is practically reduced to farm- ing. The firm above-named have over 16,000 acres of submerged land in the Sound (more than any other three firms in the world), staked off into lots, carefully marked on a chart, and these vast fields are planted, the crops grown, and in due season are gathered. The firm were the first to use oyster steamers in this locality and were opposed in their use by many w^ho have since followed their example. They employ over 100 workmen in the business, and as the head of the largest producing and shipping house in New England, Mr. Rowe is now reaping the reward of his patient study and perseverance. Messrs. Rowe & Co. have lately largely in- creased their facilities for opening and shipping oysters, necessitated by the steady increase in the demand for their superior deep sea-shell fish. On their extensive wharves at Fair Haven which they purchased, they erected within the past two years a large four-story shucking house. The building is arranged on a plan original with Mr. Rowe, and gives the firm facilities for keeping their oysters in pnme condition, and for handling them at the least possible expense. This build- ing is supplemental to the old one near South Quinnipiac street. Fair Haven annex, which with nearly two hundred feet of wharfage is still used. The new building is located between the east end of Quinnipiac drawbridge and the Fair Haven Marine railway, and has a wharf front of 340 feet, with sufficient depth of water to allow the unloading of the steamers, either at high or low tide, and also a basin for oyster floats. An inclined plane allows trains to drive on the third floor, which is water tight. As the oysters are assorted they are thrown into different open- ings in this floor. One of these openings is (or seed oysters, and twelve other hatchways are provided for various sizes and grades of market- able o}'sters. The oysters fall into a frame with a canvass bottom, resting on cushions of hay, thus preventing injury to the oysters by falling to the floor. The second floor is used for shuck- ing, with accommodations for fifty shuckers and capacity for 8,000 bushels at a time. The offices are finished in hard wood, and the establishment throughout is a model of completeness and excel- lent management. Having facilities for handling at this place over 10,000 bushels jx-r week, it may truthfully be said that it is the most convenient as well as the most complete in the United Slates. The new establishment cost over $31,000. Shipping native oysters exclusively and the.se of their ow^n raising, JVIe.ssrs. Rowe & Co. guar- antee to ship only tlie best and ensure a regular supply even in the coldest weather, a matter of prime importance to the trade. The firm's own- ing more oyster ground and their planting more makes them practically without serious competi- tion in their special line. Prompt, careful attention is paid to all orders, and a full guarantee of superior flavor and per- fect condition of their oysters which are caught daily make this one of the great successful, reli- able firms of the country, and commands the full confidence of the trade throughout the East- ' ern and Middle States. I The foreman of tliis extensive establishment, Mr. Jno. O. Rowland, and several other em- ployes, constitute the company of this represen- : tative firm. Mr. Rowe is a native of New Ha- ven, and is well and widely known in business circles, as well as among such scientists as Lieu- tenant Winslow, Seth Green and Eugene Black- ford, whose labors in behalf of their fellow-men, in devising means for maintaining the supply and reducing the cost of fish food, has earned the gratitude of the masses. B. H. Johnson, Real Estate Agent, 817 Chapel street, New Haven. — In his active business ca- reer of ten years in this city, Mr. B. H. Johnson has always held a prominent position among the real estate and loan agents of New Haven. He established his agency here in 1876, and has from the beginning enjoyed the confidence and patron- age of a large clientage. His office is centrally located at 817 Chapel street, and he has in an em- inent degree the ability to execute commissions for the purchase, sale and care of real estate to the best possible advantage of owners, and his promptitude and excellent judgment make him a desirable agent with whom to entrust business of this character. He buys, sells and leases prop- erty at low rates of commission, makes prompt returns to clients, and is always reliable and ca- pable in the execution of orders. He negotiates loans on real estate at lowest current rates of in- terest, and in all his engagements he is accurate and thoroughly responsible. He is a native of Litchfield, Conn. 120 l.EADIHG BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. A. A. Ball, Ornamental Iron liailing Works, IG Audubon Street. — As the oldest enterprise of its kind in New Haven, and the leading one de- voted to the manufacture of ornamental iron railing work in this section, the establishment of Mr. A. A. Ball, No. 16 Audubon street, has long been prominent among the industries of the Elm City. The business was established originall_y by the New Haven Iron Railing Co. in 1857, who were succeeded in 1862 by the firm of Chas. Ball & Brother. In 1860 the firm name and style Avas changed to that of D. P. Calhoun & Co., and three years later Messrs. Ball, Johnson & Co. became the proprietors, the business pass- ing into the hands of Mr. A. A. Ball in 1878. The extensive works of Mr. Ball are eligibly lo- cated and are admirably equipped wi'h labor saving machinery driven by bteam power, and a force of skilled workmen are constantly em- ployed in the establislmient. The output comprises all kinds of ironwork for fences, doors, stairs, public buildings, pris- ons, fire-proof vaults, cemeteries, balconies, crest- ings, etc., in numerous beautiful new and origi- nal designs, and in his special line Mr. Ball cer- tainly excels all competitors in this section, and possesses every facilitj^ for supplying first-class work at most reasonable prices at shoi t notice. ]\Ir. Ball is a native of Salem, INIass., and is a business man of sterling worth and untiring en- ergy, and his efforts to meet every requirement in his field of industrial enterprise have met with I'ecognition in a large, growing and widespread demand for his merchandise and productions. A. P. Hotchkiss, Wholesale Dealer in Liquors, Wines, Ales, etc , 260 and 262 State Street.— While the residents of New Haven, as a general rule, are not by any means addicted to more than a proper and reasonable indulgence in the use of wines and alcoholic beverages, yet there are very few who do not appreciate the efforts of Mr. A. P. Hotchkiss to supply his large number of patrons with the best articles obtainable in this particular direction. He has demonstrated beyond a shadow of a doubt that good wine and beer, as well as pure and wholesome spirits, so! by the Tontine Hotel Company, the outgrowth of one of the greatest and most wonderfully suc- cessful financial institutions in the country — The Tontine Company; whose stock the par value of which was $100 originally, and the market price of which is now over $14,000 per share. The present lessee and proprietor, Mr. J. W. Bradley, took charge of the hotel in 1865, and for over twenty-one years he has maintained un- impaired the reputation and prestige of the "Tontine," and by his ability and push he is stead- ily increasing the patronage of the house. The hotel building is a substantial, four-storj structure, on the corner of Church and Court streets, opposite the Yale College grounds or "Green." The location is central and the sur- roundings are delightful, and the street cars pass near the door to and from all parts of the city. Eighty elegantly furnished rooms are provided for guests, and every accommodation and advan- tage for the comfort of guests is supplied. Tbe cuisine is unexceptionable, the aim of the pru- dent landlord being to supply everything calcu- lated to tempt the appetite, and to serve the- viands in a manner calculated to please the most exacting bon vivant. Every modern appliance and convenience has been provided, and a stay at the "Tontine" will ever be remembered by the guests of Mr. Bradley as the most pleasing expe- rience and feature of a visit to the Elm Cit}'. The genial host, Mr. J. W. Biadley, is a native of Connecticut and in his early manhood filled with distinguished ability several of the import- ant municipal offices of New Haven. He is. most considerate of the comfort and pleasure of his guests, and his worth and peculiar qualifica- tions as a landlord have made him one of New England's most esteemed and popular Bonifaces. The Tontine is the favorite stopping place for commercial travelers and business men and there is not in the country better accommodations pro- vided at prices charged, than at the Tontine. 128 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. J. Ijinde & Son, Apothecaries, 139 Congress Avenue. — There is probably no otlier brancli of trade l^nowii to commerce in wliicli so great a responsibility is incurred as there is in that car- ried on by tlie druggist. Dealing as he does in agents uiit'iimiHar to the general public, many of ■which agents are deadly in their effects when used in certain quantities or when combined im- propei'ly with other materials he must rely ab- •solutely and entirely on the knowledge, care and «kill of himself and employees for the assurance that by no fault of his or of those for whom he is morally if not legally responsible, shall the life or even the comfort of the hundreds whom he daily serves be endangered. We need go no further than the establishment of J. Linde & Son, No. 139 Congress avenue, for an example of what a drug store should be. The senior partner, Mr. Jacob Linde, began business in this citj^ in 18(33 alone, and in 1883 his son, Mr. George S. Linde, .a graduate of Yale College, class '79, entered the firm. These gentlemen are in business for the purpose of selling and compounding drugs, ■tind to that one purpose they devote all their time and energies. Their trade is almost exclu- sively a prescription one, and in this they natu- rally take no small amount of pride. It is no small compliment to a man's ability and trust worthiness to place your life in liis hands, and that hundreds daily do tliis with the Messrs. Linde shows the confidence which is placed in them by the citizens of New Haven. This house carries a very large and valuable assortment of of drugs and chemicals of all descriptions, many i)f whicli can be obtained in no other store, which are very carefully selected for their strength and purity from the stocks of the most reliable deal- ers. Prescriptions may be left with this firm with the moral Certainty that all that learning, skill and improved apparatus can do towards ob- taining satisfactory results will be done by those to whom they are entrusted. This is the largest and best appointed German Pharmacy in Con- necticut. The INIessrs. Linde are both natives of Oermanj', the elder being 62 and the younger 30 years of age, and they bring to their work all that solidity of knowledge and careful attention to detail for which th(;ir countrymen are so fa incus. The elegant store now occupied by the Messrs. Linde, was built b}- the senior member ot the firm in 1880, and furnished with all of the latest improvements, and it has often been called the model drug store of New Haven. Miss Lottie Kunz, Decorative Art Needle- ■work, 940 Chapel Street, New Haven. — It is only within a few years that Dccorati\;e Art has made its influence powerfully felt in household adornment. That its effect has been so great as to totally revolutionize former meth- ods of house-furnishing and beautifying is a fact «o well known as to admit of no argument what- -ever. When we recollect the bare primness, or ■what was even worse, the tawdry finery of the average home a few years ago, and then contrast it with the pleasing individuality which now characterizes our homes, we icalize how much we owe to those artists and art lovers who were the means of bringing about this delightful change in so short a space of time against bitter opposition and sneering coldness. To be sure all the results of this application of art to domestic use were not equally satisfactory, and the whole movement has no doubt been greatly hindered by the effect produced by the productions of tliose who, overrating their skill or taste strove to pro- duce works wliich a finislied artist would hardly dare essay. But the capabilities of decorative art in the hands of a person of taste and experi- ence are almost infinite, and if only such are pat- ronized when articles for liome adornment are desired, the result cannot i)e otherwise than satis- fying and beautiful. One of the oldest estab- lished and best known emporiums in New Haven for the manufacture and sale of these goods is that so successfully conducted by Miss Lottie Kunz at No. 940 Chapel street. It was in 1873 that she inaugurated this enterprise, and her suc- cess has been as gratifying as it was deserved. Possessing great taste in such matters slie has striven from the first to give to her customers none but the very best work both in design and execution, and the many beautiful works of her hands which may be found in the liouses of New Haven's 1)est society show how her efforts liave been appreciated. In fact, so extensive lias her business become that she lias to have the services of five assistants to supply the demands of her constantly increasing patronage, and they are all carefully chosen by her for their special fit- ness for the duties to which they are entrusted. Her customers are found throughout New Haven county, and she not only deals in finished worlc but does Stamping while j'ou w^ait, and also sells materials of all kinds. Designing is made a specialty, a class of work for which lier discrim- inating taste admirably fits her, and estimates of any kind of work are cheerfully furnished. Miss Kunz has a large and finely fitted up store and a beautiful stock of goods. R. M. Sherman, Artist, Wood Engraver, Etcher; Studio No 11 Central Block, 792 Chapel Street. — For the successful prosecution of any enterprise the most valuable and important qual- ification is the possession of an intimate knowl- edge of every detail of the particular line to which attention is devoted, derived from long practical experience. The enterprise conducted by R. M. Sherman, artist, wood engraver and etcher, whose studio is located at No. 11 Central Block, 792 Chapel street, seven doors from Orange street, is a fair example of what experience will produce. This business was founded by Hopson & Sherman in 1872, succeeded in 1884 by R. M. Sherman, the present proprietor. Three capable artists are employed, and the work consists of wood-cuts, mechanical and artistic, in best style. Rough sketches will be provided f lee of charge. Ellectrotypes furnished if desired, and also artis- tic designing. Mr. Sherman, who is a native of Newtown, Conn , is a cultured and talented artist, and produces only the finest and most artistic work in this line. The studio consists of a room with an area of 30x20 feet, and is equipped with all the necessary appliances for the promotion of a large business. We will avoid all personal comments and conclude our brief sketch by say- ing that a business has been established by this house, extending througliout the State, and' that all business relations entered into with it will, we are confident, prove satisfactory in all reepects. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 129 Thomson & Co., Mamifacturers and Dealers in Fire and Burglar Proof Safes, etc. — In view of the fortunes involved in the loss of valuables by lire or theft, and by reason of the compara- tively trifling cost of burglar and fire-proof safes which afford sure protection against either con- tingency, a safe has become an indispensable ar- ticle in the office of every business man. Sharp competition among manufacturers has of late years so reduced the prices of safes, and invent- ive genius has brought them to such a degree of perfection that the possession of a safe is now as much an evidence of prudence on the part of the manufacturer, merchant or professional man as the insurance of buildings. For thirty years the firm of Thomson & Co. have been largely engaged in the manufacture of and dealers in fire and burglar-proof safes, chro- nometer and combination locks, and other safe- guards against loss by theft or conflagration, and their New Haven house is one of the oldest and best known concerns in this line in New Eng- land. Messrs. Thomson & Co.'s safes are of the most improved make, and their facilities for sup- plying these, as well as steel vault linings and doors for banks, of which they make a spe- cialty, and also platform and counter scales, pat- ent alarm cash drawers, etc., at manufacturer's rates, are unsurpassed by any competing estab- lishment in the country. The firm are agents for the latest merchandise in their line of every description, and the large trade developed is an important item in the grand total of the business which has brought to New Haven her distinc- tion. Messrs. Thomson & Co.'s premises comprise three floors of their large building, Nos. 373 and 275 State street, each 25x80 feet in area, and their stock in trade is always full and complete, embracing everything desirable in the wide range of their line of irade. They have at all times a large number of sec- ond hand safes on hand at surprisingly low prices, and employ a large force of competent workmen in their establishment. Repairing in all its branches is executed in the most satisfac- tory manner, and promptness and fair dealing is manifest in all their dealings. Messrs. D. W. Thomson and E. E. Cone are the individual members of this old and responsi- ble firm. The former was born in Goshen, Conn., and the latter is a native of Winsted, in the same State. They are progressive, practical business men. and are held in universal esteem for their busi- ness and personal worth. The elegant new vaults of the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company and the 3Iechanic's Bank, of New Haven; the- First National and Dime Savings Banks, of Wil- limantic. Conn.; the Southbridge National and Southbridge Savings Banks and American Opti- cal Company, of Southbridge; the Palmer Na- tional and Palmer Savings Banks, of Palmer, Mass. ; are tangible evidences of the excellence of the work furnished and the confidence of the monied institutions employing the services of the firm of Thomson & Co. C. M. Loomis, Dealer in American and For- eign Music and Musical Merchandise, corner Or- ange and Center Streets. — In this enlightened age music is considered almost indispensalile in every household, and we seldom meet a young lady or gentleman with an average amount of education who is not a musician to some degree. Music is a gift not bestowed on all the human race, but those who are fortunate enough to pos- sess the talent have one of God's rarest gifts; some are endowed with the power to comprehend really difficult music at almost first sight, while others are obliged to give long and patient study to the art. Music as a study is made much more pleasant for the pupil than in former years, as the dull, dry exercises have given place to the more inter- esting and melodious studies which are to be found at almost any of our music put)lishing houses, among the most popular of which is that of C. M. Loomis, 54 Orange street, New Haven. Mr. Loomis commenced business in 1805, and has had such continued success in both the wholesale and retail bi-anches of the business as to necessitate his opening branch houses in Meri- den, Bridgeport, Danbury and Waterbury. Mr. Loomis has the sole agency for the follow- ing named pianos and organs: Chickering & Sons, Mathushek, Steck & Co., Hallet & Davis,. New England, C. II. Stone Co. Pianos; Wilcox & White, New England, and Smith American Organs. A large assortment of the above-mentioned in- struments are to be found at the New Haven store, where he also carries a full line of banjos,, and all the different kinds of musical instruments. Mr. Loomis occupies two floors, 120x30 feet in size, at 54 Orange street, New Haven, with his immense stock of American and foreign music. He has, in connection with the music business, a fine, large music hall, 50x150 feet and 35 feet high, after the plan of Chickering Hall in New York. His immense business requires the employment of eighteen intelligent and courteous clerks, whO' possess a thorough knowledge of all the new and popular musical publications, both foreign and American. Mr. Loomis is a native of Texas, New York. He has a large circle of friends and acquaintances, both in business and social life. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, Free Ma- sons and Knights of Pythias. 130 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN P. P. Sperry, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Beef, Veal, jNIutton, Pork, Hams, Lard, etc., Po- tatoes and Vegetables of all kinds, No. 53 Union Street. — Prominent among New Haven's busi- ness men who are noted for the fine quality of meats handled by them, and who enjoy a large and. substantial patronage, is Mr. P. P. Sperry, whose pre-'ent location is 53 Union street, where he deals both wholesale and retail in beef, veal, mutton, pork, hams, lard, etc., also in potatoes and other vegetables. The premises occu pied by him are large and well adapted to the business, being 40x30 feet in dimensions, and furnished with every requisite for the preserva- tion of perishable goods, and those who patron- ize him are assured of receiving nothing but the best of meats and the freshest of vegetables. !Mr. Sperry's thorough knowledge of the business :and long practical experience enables him when purchasing his stock to select nothing but first- class supplies. Mr. Sperry deals direct with the producers, thus enabling him to buy and sell his immense stock at the lowest market prices, and the residents of the city and suburban towns find it greatly to their advantage to trade with this house, whose steadily increasing trade is becom- ing annually more extensive. This market was established in 1875 by John Macheleidt, a native of Germanj^ but was succeeded in 1886 by the present proprietor, Mr. P. P. Sperry, who is an active, energetic, enterprising business man, and by his strict application to business and his per- sonal supervision of all its branches, together with the assistance of his thoroughly efficient • clerks, he has justly earned his widespread pop- ularity. Mr. P. P. Sperry is a native of Beth- any, Ct. His trade is wholesale as well as retail, :a specialty being made of home raised and fatted veal, and his capacity for supplying the orders of his patrons are such as allow of no mistakes, and a prompt delivery is ensured. Mr. Sperry is a man who has gained the confidence of all who have had any business or social intercourse with him. A. A. Townsend, Coal and Wood.' Office 114 Church, Glebe Building. Yard, 145 Long Wharf. — In a review of the commercial enter- prises of New Haven, it will be observed that some houses possess great advantages over others in the same line of business. In some «cases this is the result of larger experience, and in others of a greater natural aptitude for the particular trade in which they are engaged. In this connection special mention should certainly be made of the business carried on by Mr. A. A. Townsend, who is undoubtedly one of the lead- ing Wood and Coal dealers in the city, and whose oflice is situated in what is known as the Glebe Building, at No. 114 Church street. This busi- ness was original!}' set on foot in 18(36 by Mr. E. E. Bowns, but ten years later he was succeeded liy Messrs. Townsend & Briggs. In 1885 Mr. Briggs retired, and since then Mr. Townsend has been the sole proprietor. His progress, it may be remarked, has been very rapid, and in a de- gree fully commensurate with the energy and ■enterprise which he has invariably displayed throughout his career. Among his numerous ■patrons are many of the best families in the town, and his connections with mine owners and ■others are such that he is enabled to offer unu- sual advantages to large consumers of both coal and wood. His sheds, which are situated on Long Wharf, are of the most extensive propor- tions, and have a capacity for holding no less than four or five thousand tons at one time. He is possessed of ample resources for taking advan- tage of the fluctuations in the market, and his reputation for the prompt filling of all orders is of the highest possible character. Mr. Townsend is most cordially esteemed by his fellow citi- zens outside of purely business circles, which fact is evidenced by his having served the city both as an alderman and as a member of the Common Council of the city. I. H. Stoddard, Photographing, India Ink Sketching, Crayon Drawings, etc., No. 844 Chapel Street. — It would be a difficult matter, indeed, if we were asked the question, to name a more thoroughly artistic photographer in New Haven than Mr. I. H. Stoddard. With him it has been as much a matter of pleasure as of busi- ness to adopt and investigate any and all the im- provements which have constantly been made within the past ten or fifteen years in the science of photography and in the methods employed for securing the most perfect and artistic "counter- feit presentments" of one's self, friends or rela- tives. That he is an enthusiast in the professio n there can be no doubt, especially if one pays a visit to his well-lighted and beautifully-arranged establishment at No. 844 Chapel street. At this most eligible location he occupies two floors, each 30x40 feet, which are fitted up with a due and proper consideration for both the comfort of his patrons and the proper prosecution of the business. The waiting room is a model of com- fort, and upon the walls are hung not a few choice specimens of the photographic art. All work produced at Mr. Stoddard's establishment is of a superior character — nothing is slurred over — and the same care is bestowed upon a doz- en of small carte de visiles as upon the costliest portraits in India Ink or Crayon. His apparatus is of the newest and most approved pattern, and he spares no pains or trouble in order to satisfy his patrons in every way. Mr. Stoddard first commenced business as a photographer here in New Haven in 1880, having previously been located for twelve years in Ansonia, where he enjoj'ed a wide reputation for first-class work, and for five years was associated with Mr. J. K. Bundy. Since October, 1886, however, Mr. Stoddard has conducted the business by himself, and with the most signal and marked success, both in an artistic and pecuniary sense. He is a native of Woodstock, New Brunswick; and his methodical business arrangements, wide experi- ence, excellent judgment and sterling integrity justly entitle him to the high reputation which he enjoys in the business community. Moore & Watson, Manufacturers of all kinds Carriage Woodwork, No. 386 York Street. — Of the late important industries of New Haven, the Carriage Woodworking establishment, in view of the volume of the carriage manufacturing inter- ests of the city, is one of the most notable. The business was inaugurated in June, 1886, and in one short year Messrs. Moore & Watson have firmly entrenched themselves in the full confi- LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 131 -dence and general favor of carriage builders of this section. They occupy a commodious fac- tory 00x80 feet iu dimensions and two floors admi- rably equipped and appointed for their purposes, and employ a force of skilled workmen in their establishment. The machinery, which is of in- tricate design and specially adapted for fine car- riage work7 is operated by steam, and the firm have every facility and the requisite practical ex- perience to supply light and heavy bodies, seats, side and spring bars, shafts, whiffletrees, etc., of the most approved designs and excellent work manship and finish at lowest prices, and the superior quality of their manufactures is rapidly extending the field and increasing the volume of their operations. Messrs. J. Henry Moore and Arthur L. Wat- son hre the members of this enterprising firm. The former was born in Greenwich, N. Y., and Mr. Watson is a native of Nova Scotia. They are both practical experts in their special line of industry and impress upon all their work the stamp of their acknowledged skill — the equiva- lent of a certain guarantee of durability and gen- eral excellence of their productions. everywhere appreciated ; and the great point has been to know where such a luxury can be ob- tained. Here in New Haven there should be no difficulty at all about the matter, as the city is undoubtedly supplied with many first class estab- lishments where such a desirable article can be procured. Such, for instance, is the store car- ried on by ]\Ir. Edward L. Jones, whose ntat and natty establishment at No. 98 Church street is the resort of many of New Haven's epicures in the way of tobacco. He always has on hand a choice assortment of both genuine Havana and the very best brands of home-manufactured cigars. Of tobacco, both plug and fine cut, and snuff as well, he has every variety; and what is more essential than is generally supposed, he knows how to keep them in good condition. In pipes and smokers' supplies generally he has a full and complete line, suitable to all tastes and at every price— from the costly meerschaum to the humble "T. D." clay. Mr. Jones, in fact, has always made it a point to cater to the needs of the public generally, and not to any one par- ticular class. As a consequence, his patrons, already numerous, are increasing rapidly. Charles E. Clinton, Dealer in all kinds of first-class Groceries and Provisions, Meats, Fish, ■etc., etc., No. 114 Howe Street. — No house has striven with greater zeal during the past ten years to bring itself to the front ranks in its line •of trade than that of Chas. E. Clinton, and his efforts have been rewarded, for to-day he occu- pies a leading position among the grocers and provision dealers of this city. The business was -established in 1867, by E. Hotchkiss, succeeded in 1869 by Hotchkiss & Smith, and again in 1877 by Smith & Clinton, coming under the present mani\gement in 1882. The premises oc- -cupied consist of one floor 65x25 feet, and a basement. Five polite and attentive assistants are employed, ever ready to wait upon custom- ers, and all goods are delivered free to all parts of the city. The goods dealt in comprise all kinds of first class groceries and provisions, meats, fish, etc., all of which will be found fresh and of a high quality, sold, too, at the very low- •est market prices. The store is located at No. 114 Howe street, and is neatly kept and finely stocked. The facilities which Mr. Clinton pos- sesses for obtaining his goods are unsurpassed, and for purity and quality he cannot be excelled. He is a native of Woodbridge, Ct., and held the position of Lieutenant of the Horse Guards for three years. He is well known throughout the city and is highlj^ esteemed by all, Edward L. Jones, Dealer in Havana and Do- mestic Cigars, 98 Church Street, New Haven. — So far as we know, no one undertakes to say that tobacco in any form is a necessary article of con- sumption, and its enormous popularity among all races and conditions of men, therefore, is all the more astonishing. In this country few busi- nesses have acquired so much importance as the trade in cigars and tobaccos. Many of our lead- ing citizens are engaged in it, and the capital in- vested aggregates a very large amount. The soothing influence of a good cigar or a pipe of rgenuine tobacco on a man are well known and Benedict & Downs, Wholesale Dealers in Steam and Gas Coals, Benedict Building, 82 Church Street. Room 2. — To the manufacturers of every large city and town the facilities for re- ceipt of fuel are obviously one of the most im- portant considerations; and the handling of large quantities of coal for steam and gas purposes is an enterprise involving business qualities of a high order. With practically unlimited facili- ties for supplying coal of the best quality for manufacturing purposes, the old and reliable house of Messrs. Benedict & Downs has for many years filled a prominent place among the princi- pal business interests of New Haven. The trade was inaugurated in 1833 by Messrs. T. Benedict & Son, and under this firm name and style a large trade was conducted until 1878, wlien the senior member of the firm retired from the busi- ness, and the present firm succeeded. The office of Messrs. Benedict & Downs is centrally located, being Room 2 in the handsome Benedict building. No. 82 Church street, with telephone connections to all points in their trade radius. The merchan- dise of the house, comprising the best steam and gas coals mined, and including the famous Poca- hontas bituminous coal, is shipped direct from the mines to consumers, and the large amounts of coal consigned through this firm, and the ex- tensive connections and standing of the house for half a century and upwards, enable Messrs. Ben- edict & Downs to supply all demands at the minimum rates by car-load or cargo. Orders for coals in any quantities are filled with dispatch, and an order to these representative dealers car- ries with it a guarantee of quality, weight, and fullest satisfaction. Messrs. F. W. Benedict and J. W. Downs are the individual members of this well-known and reliable firm. They are both natives of New Haven, and are widely known in business circsel as one of the most responsible and successful mercantile firms in the city. Both Mr. Benedict and Mr. Downs are promi- nent and influential citizens of New Haven. 132 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Hobart B. Ives & Co., Manufacturers of Hardware Specialties, 187 and 189 St. John Street. — In the manufacture of hardware special- ties the firm of Ilobart B. Ives & Co. occupy so prominent a position as to demand more than brief notice in this work. The business was first commenced in 1877 by Mr. Hobart B. Ives, who in 1885 admitted Mr. F. F. Andrews as partner, and both gentlemen having a practical knowl- edge of the work, a persevering energy and an ambition to succeed, have combined in making it a prominent factor of the business world. The premises occupied by this house are located 187 and 189 St. John street. Their buildings are fitted up with every convenience for the execu- tion of the various manufactures, the machinery being all of the most approved designs. Forty hands are employed by the firm, many of whom are experts in their special branches of the Indus try. The productions of the house consist of hardware specially known to the trade as Ives' patent door bolts and sash locks, which are man- ufactured in upwards of forty different styles and finish, which, owing to our limited space, are too numerous to enumerate in detail. The members of the fii'm are Messrs. Hobart B. Ives, a native of Cheshire, Ct., and F. F. Andrews, a native of Hampden, Ct., both well known resi- dents of New Haven. A . N. Allen & Co., 28 George Street, Whole sale Dealers in Butter, Eggs, etc.- — Among the mercantile houses which have largely contrib- uted to making New Haven the trade center of a wide range of territory is that of Messrs. A. N. Allen & Co., wholesale dealers in butter, eggs and produce generally. No. 28 George street. This house was founded in 1873 by Messrs. Al- len ct Judson, the senior partner becoming sole proprietor in 1875. In 1877 ]\Ir. Burgen was ad- mitted to an interest in the large trade developed, and under the present firm name of A. N. Allen & Co. the business has been since conducted with uninterrupted success. In 1884, on the re- tirement of i\Ir. Burgen, Mr. W. L. Allen be- came the junior partner in the concern, and one year later Mr. O. B. Bradley purchased an inter- est in the prosperous enterprise. Under able management the affairs of the house have from the beginning steadily flour- ished, and at time of writing the house is recog- nized as one of the leaders in this line in New Ha- ven. The premises of Messrs. Allen & Co., eli- gibly located for their trade, comprise two floors of their large building, 30x80 feet in dimensions, and the firm are in daily receipt of large con- signments of fresh country and dairy produce, ■ and such are the facilities of the house for sup- plying merchandise of superior quality and ex- cellence, at lowest wholesale market rates, that the house is the most popular supply source in the city for the retail trade of New Haven and vicinity. The business methods and known probity of Messrs. Allen & Co. have always commended this house to the confidence of their trade, and their success, great as it has been, is but the log- ical sequence of their energy and worth. Mr. A. N. Allen was born in Plymouth, and Mr. Bradley in Orange, Conn., while Mr. W. L. Allen is a native of Kansas, and all members of the firm are recognized as business men of ster- hng worth, zeal and tact, and representative, re- liable merchants in all that the terms imply. C. Fleischner, Druggist and Apothecary, 66 Congress Avenue. — An establishment which con- tributes its full share to the mercantile activity of the city of New Haven is the drug store of Mr. C. Fleischner, which is located at No. 66 Congress avenue. This house was founded in 1883 by jNIr. Fleinchner, who had previously had charge of the New Haven Dispensary, where he had an experience of compounding no less than 50,000 prescriptions during the five years he held the otfice. As a druggist and chemist of experi- ence and practical knowledge Mr. Fleischner is maintaining a first-class position in the profes- sion and fast winning the esteem and confidence of the entire community. His handsomely ap- pointed store is well stocked with pure and fresh drugs, all the standard proprietary medicines and the best chemicals, as well as perfumery, fine soaps, and other toilet articles. The Prescription department is under the trustworthy management of the proprietor and two assistants, who carefully and conscientious- ly prepare physicians' prescriptions and family receips at all hours, using only the purest drugs and allowing no substitutions in compounding^ the same, the store is large and commodious, with ample accommodations for customers, and the transaction of a large and prosperous busi- ness. The most desirable inducements are of- fered to the public, both in excellence of goods and economy of prices, and the trade is laige and steadily increasing. ]\Ir. Fleischner is a native of Austria, and has the requisite talent, training and good judgment to win the highest success as a thorough master of liis profession. Snow's Fine Confectionery, No. 693 Chapel Street, and corner Church and Chapel Streets. —One hears considerable talk now-a-days con- cerning the manifold and deadly dangers whick lurk in cheap confectionery. The press has taken the matter up from time to time and warned the public against the consumption of candies, etc., other than those manufactured by concerns whose reputation and standing is indu- bitably above suspicion. Such an honest and reputable house we have right here, in New Ha- ven, in the long established concern of H. H. Snow & Sons, whose factory and wholesale sales- rooms are most eligibly located at No. 693 Chapel street, with a finely located retail store at the LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW UAVEN. 133 c;.orner of Church and Chapel streets, besides two prominent branch stores in New York city. It was in the year 1850 that this business was estab- lished, on a comparatively small scale, by Mr. H. II. Snow, a practical confectioner, who by strict attention to the wants of his customers, a,nd by maintaining the highest possible standard of purity and excellence in the manufacture of confectionery soon acquired a reputation, not only in New Haven and vicinity, but throughout the United States. The demands for his goods \ became at last so large and multiplied so rapidly j that the present company was organized. The i facilities in the way of improved machinery were extended, the number of hands employed was also greatly increased, so that Snow's Superior Confectionery was soon found to be obtainable in -every city and town in the country. At their re- [ tail stores here and elsewhere the public will find ; now as always pure Candle-, made from the best i of materials Snow's business motto hasever been : "We make but one quality and that the best." Geo. A. Dickerman, Florist, No. 6o9 Chapel Street. — The advance made in botany and tiori- culture of late years in this country is one of the features of the times, the calling of the florist Laving steadily developed to the plane of a verit- able science, such progress having been made that at no season of the year now need we be with- out flowers. Among those who have acquired an -excellent reputation in this interesting line of business maj' be mentioned the name of Mr. George A. Dickerman, Florist, No. 659 Chapel street, and that whom few engaged in this sphere of activity in this section of New Haven receive a larger share of merited recognition. Mr. Dickerman, who is a native of South Haven, Conn., started in business in 1873, and by the general satisfaction rendered to patrons and pur- chasers he rapidly built up a large and prosper- ous trade. He occupies a neat and compact store and car- ries constantly a full assortment of flowers, plants, bulbs, shrubs, etc., weddings, parties and funerals being furnished with cut flowers, bou- quets, wreaths, crosses and appropriate emblem- atic floral designs of all kinds. Gardens and flower plots are laid out and attended to in the most satisfactory manner, and five capable and ■eflScient assistants are employed and altogether a fine business is done, both wholesale and re- tail. Mr. Dickerman's business embraces seeds- man, nurseryman and florist, and, besides his store on Chapel street, has one nursery and eleven greenhouses, all in South Haven, Conn. And while his local trade is large he fills orders from every State in the Union. Mr. Dickerman is a member of tbe "Free Masons," and is an active and energetic and a tliorough master of his art, and fully deserves the success that has attended his efl'orts. Thomas H. Pease & Son, Booksellers and Sta- tioners, 102 Church Street. — A very convenient feature of city life is the ease with which one •can subscribe for any magazine, newspaper, etc., simply by dropping in at some house which makes a specialty of subscription trade, and there leaving your orders for any newspaper or periodical which you may desire, without its costing a cent more than it would had you com- municated directly with the publishers. An old, leading and representative New Haven house in this line of business is that conducted by Thomas H Pease & Son, at No. 102 Church street. This establishment was inaugurated in 1842 by Mr. Thomas H. Pease, and was carried on by him alone until 1878 when his son, Mr. Salmon G. Pease, became associated with him, and the firm name was changed to Thos. H. Pease & Son. This house will receive subscrip- tions for all magazines, newspapers, etc., and will guarantee the prompt and regular delivery of the publications ordered. One floor 80x20 feet is occupied, and employment is given to seven assistants. This house, aside from its sub- scription trade, does a very large business in books and stationery, a lar^e and most complete stock being carried, and the latest novelties in stationery and the recent publications in books being sure to be found at this establishment. Mr. Thos. H. Pease, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Canaan, Ct., and his son, Mr. Salmon G. Pease, was born in this city. The energy and enterprise of the younger Mr. Pease and the ripe experience of the elder make a most happy combination and go far to explain the large measure of success attained by this house. Lewis Schiele & Co., Manufacturers of Sewed Cor.sets, and Importers of Wove Corsets, etc. American Corset Works, Franklin Street, near Wooster. — The rapid advancement in the com- mercial facilities of New Haven is a subject of the most favorable comment among business men in the United States, while the splendid re- sults achieved in this respect are due in a great measure to the untiring activity and enterprise of the principal manufacturing houses. Promi- nent among those concerns which have contrib- uted to the material progress of the commerce of New Haven is that known as the American Cor- set Works, owned by Lewis Schiele & Co., of No. 390 Broadwa}', N. Y. City. The.se works were originally established in 1861 by Mr. I. Strouse, the present superintendent, and to him, perhaps, more than anyone else, is due the high and standard reputation which the corsets of this firm have attained all over the country. The firm imports extensively a very fine quality of wove corsets, which are manufactured at their factory in Goeppingen, Wurtemberg (Europe). Without doubt the house is one of the largest and best known in this particular line in the country. At the New Ilaven factory alone, which is a large four-story building, each floor having an area of 90x80 feet, no less than three hundred and fifty hands, both male and female, find constant employment all the year round. The quantity of material worked up every year, all ot the very best quality, is something enor- mous. Special machinery of the latest and most approved patterns is employed, and an engine of forty horse-power furnishes the motive power. The business transactions of the firm are some- thing enormous, and their productions are in de- maud wherever their merits are once made known. Mr. Strouse is an ex-alderman, and has long been the recipient in many waj's of the con- fidence of his fellow citizens. 134 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Henry G. Thompson & Sens, Manufacturers and Patentees of Patent Flexible Back Hack. Band and Butcher Saws, Patent Butcher and Extension Hack Saw Frames, Patent Wire Pam- phlet Stitching INIachines, Malleable Iron Tool Handles, Patent Pin Tickets, etc., Office 6 Elm, corner State Street — This representative indus- trial enterprise is one of the many of New Ha ven devoted to a special line of manufactures, and in its sphere of usefulness it has long ex- erted a benificent influence. The firm occupy a large factory at corner of Elm and State streets, where they employ a force of forty workmen in the manufacture of tools, etc., of their own pat- ent, and the fame of the liouse for the valuable merchandise they have put on the market has extended the trade of the concern to all parts of this and to some foreign countries. The Messrs. Thompson & Sons are the patentees and manu- facturers of flexible back hack, hand and butcher saws, patent butcher and extension hack saw frames, patent w^ire pamphlet stitching ma- chines, malleable iron tool handles, patent pin tickets and other valuable invented specialties, which for intended purposes are unsurpassed and perhaps unequaled in the market. The productions of the house are made of the best materials procurab'e, and all simple in construc- ,tion and most of them are pronounced invaluable by hundreds who have tested their merits in com- petition with other patents, and the large demand for the tools, machines and appliances manufac- tured by the Messrs. Thompson is constant, and comes from all parts of the United States. The product of the factory is shipped to points near and remote at home and abroad, and the specialties of the concern are steadily growing in favor in the New World and the Old. Messrs. Henry G., H. Grant and Arthur G. Thompson are the individual members of this well known and responsible house, and are ac counted among the prominent, successful manu- facturers and influential citizens of New Haven. S. H. Barnes, Dealer in Choice Beef, Mutton, Lamb, etc.. Stall No. 1, City Market.— An ex- ceptionaHv tine, well conducted meat market is that of Mr. S. H. Barnes, Stall No. 1, City Mar- ket, who since 1871, on his own account and as the head of the firm of S. H. Barnes & Co., has long held a prominent place among the represen- tative business men of New Haven. Mr. Barnes' premises are 20x20 feet in dimensions, and are thoroughly attractive. His stock in trade is al ways large and complete, consisting of the choic- est beef, mutton and lamb, provisions and game in season, and at lowest possible jjrices. Mr. Barnes supplies merchandise warranted of stand- ard excellence and in prime condition. Goods are promptlj^ delivered free of charge to all parts of the city, and in all his engagements this live dealer is uniformly obliging and reliable. The extensive city and out-of town wholesale and re- tail trade of Mr. Barnes necessitates the employ- ment of four clerks, and all orders have prompt attention. Mr. Barnes is a native of New Haven, and is prominent and influential in municipal affairs as in trade circles. He has filled the office of City Councilman for three successive terms, and has always been found faithful and efficient. George S. Arnold, Dealer in Furnaces and Ranges, 236 to 240 State Street, New Haven.— It is over forty years ago since E. Arnold estab- lished the busine-ssnow conducted by Mr. George S. Arnold. The building is located at Nos. 236 240 State street. The premises occupy six floors, with an area of 80x25 feet. A large stock is carried of all kinds of stoves, furnaces, mantels, etc., Mr. Arnold being the sole agent for Mitch- ell, Vance & Co.'s gas fixtures, Richardson & Boynton Co.'s furnaces and ranges, and the cele- brated "^lodel Range." He is a dealer also in grates, brass fire place trimmings, .slate mantels, etc., and a department is also carried on for roof- ing, plumbing and gas fitting, which is done in a thoroughly satisfactory manner. The trade in- cludes retail and custom work, and the store is very elegantly fitted up with every convenience. Thirty assistants find employment in the various departments of this flourishing house, and all orders are promptly and satisfactorily filled. Of the stock kept it is useless for us to speak, as it is too well known throughout the community. It is, however, safe to say that he carries the largest assortment and does the most extensive business of any in his line in the city. Mr. George S. Arnold is a native of New Haven, has held the office of Common Councilman. E. L. Washburn, ^lanufacturer and Dealer in Surgical, Optical and Mathematical Instruments, Physicians' and Dentists' Supplies, Trusses and Rubber Goods. 84 Church and 61 Center Streets. — The attention that has been given in this country during recent years to the manufacture of surgi- cal and dental instruments, as well as apparatus in the way of optical aids, has demonstrated that American manufacturing genius and mechanical skill are quite as successful in this line as they have proven in manj^ others. Without manner of doubt the leading exponent of this particular branch of industry here in New Haven is Dr. E. L. Washburn, whose establishments, which are located at No. 84 Church street, and 61 Center street, have been long and favorably known to a. majority of our residents. The business was originally established in 1866, at which time the firm name was "Barker & Washburn," and con- tinued so for two years. In 1868 Mr. Barker was succeeded by Mr. McNeil, who remained a partner until 1876, when he retired. Since then, Mr. Washburn has carried on tlie business him- self. He is a practical optician, and not only manufactures all kinds of instruments in this line, but paj^s particular attention to the individ^ ual needs of those of his patrons who have the misfortune to be afflicted with poor or defective eyesight, or in need of Supporters or Trusses of any kind. Mr. Washburn, too, deals in dental apparatus, including artificial teeth and supplies- of every description. In addition he always car- ries a carefully selected stock of physicians' sup- plies and apparatus of every description for the sick room. His premises, which consist of two- floors, each with an area of 100x30 feet, are both ample and commodious, while the various good* displayed are well worth close inspection and at- tention. Mr. Washburn, although a native of Massachusetts, has been a resident of New Haverk for many years, and is widely known and highly respected. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN 135 John Wolf, Manufacturer of Ladies and Gents Fine Furs, 739 Chapel Street, Room 13.— An im- portant factor in the manufacturing industry of New Haven is tliat comprised in the production of line furs, and in this connection a representa- tive and popular establishment is that conducted by the subject of the present sketch, Mr. John Wolf, whose place of business is at No. 739 Chapel street. Room 13. Mr. Wolf is a native of Germany, but has been in this country many years. He started in business for himself some time during the year 1882, and has already suc- ceeded in building up an extensive and increas- ing trade. His experience in the proper treat- ment and preparation of all the various skins and furs for garments and trimmings of every description is of a lengthy and practical char- acter. His connections with the trade are such that he is enabled to secure the very linest and choicest skins in the market, and in every case he guarantees the excellence of all goods leaving his establishment. Ladies can here select their own rough materials and depend upon having them made up into garments or otherwise in the best and strongest manner, as well as in accord- ance with the very latest styles. Mr. Wolf makes a specialty of repairing and renovat- ing sealskin and other sacques, which have be- come discolored by age or ill usage. He also makes over old-fashioned garments in such a manner that they cannot be discriminated from tho-ie of the very latest manufacture. At pres- ent Mr. Wolf employs five hands, but if his many patrons increase in the future as they have in the past he will be obliged to increase his force. S. L. Blatchley & Sons, Real Estate Dealers and Brokers, No. 16 Exchange Building, corner Church and Chapel Streets. — Prominem among the old and thoroughly reliable business agencies that contribute largely to the material prosperity and success of the commercial circles of New Haven, may be mentioned that of Messrs. S. L. Blatchley & Sons, who are located in finely fitted up spacious offices at No. 10 Exchange Building. The original founder of the firm was Mr. S. L. Blatchley, who died in 1884, since which date his two sons have continued the business. The firm, while transacting a general real estate business, make a specialty of building small cottages, which they sell at low prices, payments being received in small installments. The Messrs. Blatchley always have upon their books descriptions of the best available bargains in land, stores, dwelling houses, etc., either for sale, rent, or exchange. They also procure loans upon reasonable terms on bonds and mortgages, make renting and collecting a specialty and have unsurpassed facilities for securing good responsible tenants. Houses and lots, too, are bought and sold on commission, the full manage- ment of estates is assumed and buildings are erect- ed on terms suitable to persons with shallow pock- ets. The gentlemen composing the firm of S. L. Blatchley &Sons have now been engaged in the business a creat many years, and it is safe to assert that in all their career they have given the most complete satisfaction in each and eveiy transaction in which they have been engaged, to all j)arties concerned. Apart from business, too, it may not be out of place to remark, the Messrs. Blatchley are well known and highl}' respected. J. Wolcott & Co., House and Sign Painting and Paper Hanging, 61 Orange Street. — There are few artisans in New Haven more widely or more favorably known in their respective lines of industry than the senior member of the above- named firm, who established himself in business here about fifty years ago as a house and sign painter, paper hanger, etc. Mr. Wolcott in 1884 associated with himself in his enterprise Mr. C. J. Parrett, an expert decorator, and at this time the firm of J. Wolcott & Co. are the lead- ing house and doubtless the oldest in this branch of industrial art in New Haven. The firm oc- cupy two fioors of their large building. No. 61 Orange street, each 60x70 fi et in size, and con- stantly employ a force of twenty skilled painters, paper hangers, etc., and their facilities for plain and fancy work of eveiy description are unsur- passed if equaled by any of their craft in Con- necticut. With dispatch and in the most artistic manner INIessrs. Wolcott & Co. execute all orders for interior decorations, painting, frescoing, pa- per-hanging, graining, wood filling, etc., and the taste, judgment and skill of these experienced artists, who give to every detail of the work their personal supervision, enables them to guarantee the most satisfactory work in every particular. Mr. Wolcott was born in Hamden, Conn., and Mr. Parrett is a native of Lyons, France. Both are progressive, capable business men, and they are "known of their works" throughout the city and surrounding sections, their work being abundantly attested by their superior workman- ship in the decoration of many of the finest dwellings and public buildings in New Haven and neighboring towns. They are prompt and reliable in their engagements and enjoy the full confidence of their customers and the general public. White, Clarkson & Co., Lumber at Wholesale, Office, Room 20, Passenger Depot., N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., New Haven.— The lumber trade of New England and the Middle States is ably rep- resented by the hou.se of White, Clarkson & Co. of New Haven. This firm was organized and began business in 1879. and from the beginning the firm have conducted their operations success- fully and on a m st extensive scale. Their main office is in Room 20, N. Y., N. H, & H. R. R. Passenger Depot, and with connec- tions in the lumber districts, and a branch office in Philadelphia, the house possesses every facility for their immense wholesale trade. Messrs. White, Clarkson & Co. handle large quantities of all kinds of hard lumber, Southern pine, etc., and supply merchandise by car-load or cargo at lowest prices current, and orders are promptly filled, and mer- chandise shipped to all points, near and remote, with dispatch. The trade of the firm extends to all parts of the Eastern and Middle States, and in every sense of the term the house is a desirable one with which to place orders and establish and maintain business relations. The firm is composed of Messrs. Chas. A. White, W. D. Clarkson and D. H. Wellman, the latter a special partner. They have abundant capital invested, and all the con- veniences for meeting the requirements of their trade, and in business circles everywhere they are recognized leaders in their special line of trade in this section of the United States. 13G LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. %,The Henry Killam Co., Carriage Makers, Es- tablished 1848, 47 Chestnut Street.— The pre^ eminence of New Haven for the elegance of styles and finish of its carriage'' has for many years been maintained by the many representa- tive, enterprising houses engaged in this field of I industrial activity and to-day, as it did a quarter of a century ago, the city leads the world in this line of manufactures. Among the old, responsible and successful bouses engaged in this pursuit in this city. The Henry Killam Co. represents the highest attain- able degree of perfection, and for forty years the concern has been one of the large factors in the aegregate of the city's home and fort ign trade. This important industry was founded in 1848 by Messrs. VViswell & Killam, and to meet the great demand for the product of his establishment the Company was organized and incorporated in 1883. Since the date last named, the concern, with almost unlimited facilities, has successfully met 1 he requirements of their home and foreign trade, and have built up a business of most exten- sive proportions. The factory of the Company is eligibly located, and comprises a large six story building, 125x150 feet in dimensions, and the" equipment of the establishment throughout constitutes it one of the most complete plants in the country devoted to this line of manufacture. The machinery, aU of which is of the most improved pattern and design, is operated by steam, and a force of eighty-five skilled work- men are employed in the manufacture of the most stylish and serviceable vehicles in the rnar- ket, the output comprising all styles of fashion- able carriages, of finest finish and superior work- manship. The officers of the Company areHenry Killam, President; Francis Potter, Secretary; John Mur- phy, Treasurer; all of whom are especially quali- fied for their several positions, and are accounted among the representative, and successful business men of New Haven. Mr. Killam was formerly one of the efiicient Selectmen of this city. We give above an illus- tration of one of the elegant vehicles manufac- ured by this firm. Betts & Ailing, Dealers in Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay and Straw, office, 2 Whitney avenue, ware- house, 437 East Street. — The flour trade of this country is probably the most important of its many resouices and is larger than any other single branch of commerce. The retail trade extends to every city, hamlet and four corners of the land and the jobbing trade to all the large cities. It is the most staple of trades, a real necessity. The profits now-a-days are small, but success is reasonably certain where its conditions — experience, straight-forwardness and capital — are combined. In New Haven the trade in flour, grain, feed, hay, straw and Peat Moss is among the foremost of commercial pursuits and there are many large and influential houses engaged in it, among which we are glad to mention the well- known firm of Betts & Ailing, which by reason of its enterprise and reliabiliFy is entitled to more than parsing mention. The quarters occupied by this house consist of an office and store com- prising three floors, 50 feet square, located at No. 2 Whitney avenue, and a large warehouse, one floor 140x00 feet in dimensions, located at No. 437 East street, which is .stored with the va- rious commodities dealt in ; they own also a pri- vate track for ten cars. Their connections with We.stern houses are of the most intimate nature and their facilities for obtaining stock are unsur- passed in this market, enabling them to flll or- ders with promptness and accommodate pur- chasers to the full extent of their wants. Care- ful attention is paid to all orders and they guar- antee bottom prices, when favored with any or- der whether large or small. The business was founded in 18G6 by N. S. Sanford and after sev- eral changes came under the present manage- ment in 1885. The individual members of thefirm are F. A. Betts, a native of New Haven and F. H. Ailing, a native of Iowa. A large force of assistants, numbering one doz- < n or more, findconstant and profitable employ- ment here, and of the firm we can state that they conduct their business on a sound, liberal basis, and that the business which they have built up and control, speaks in the most impressive lan- guage of the confidence with which they are justly regarded in this city. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN. 137 The New England Manufacturing Com. pany, Mauufacturers of Jewelry and Silver Ware Cases of Every Description, Fine Paper Boxes for Jewelers, Druggists and Stationers, Office No. 94 Temple Street, New Haven.— This influential and successful company was organ- ized under the name of the New England Mo- rocco Case Company in 1877, and was incorpor- ated as a joint-stock company with its present corporate name in 188G. From the beginning the business has been conducted with wise judg- ment, tact and energy, and its trade has been developed to such an extent as to comprehend among its customers and correspondents many of the leading manufacturers of jew^elry, silver- Tvare. etc., in the country, as well as the princi- pal jobbers in this line of merchandise. The company's extensive works comprise a four-story building, aggregating nearly 6,000 square feet of floor surface, and the valuable machinery which is driven by steam is of the most improved patterns and designs. A force of 100 operatives are employed in the manufac- ture of the finest morroco, satin lined and fine paper boxes for jewelry, silverware, druggists, stationers and other purposes, and besides filling orders for special work, the company carry in stock a most complete and extensive assortment of their goods, in a great variety of styles, and have exceptional facilities for meeting every re- quirement of their trade at lowest possible mar- gins above cost of production. The long experience of the President, Mr. Post, who devotes his personal attention to all the operations of the factoiy, ensures that all Tvork will give perfect satisfaction. The trade of this well-known concern, by rea- son of the excellent management of affairs, is Tery extensive and is steadily increasing, and the methods of the officers and their known worth universally inspires the fullest faith in their trade. Tiie officers of the company are as follows: Pres- ident and Treasurer, William W. Post; Secre- tary, William G. Hunter. Henry Smith, Manufacturer of Horse Collars, etc., 183 Brewery Street. — A. well-known dealer in these lines is Mr. Henry Smith, who manufac- tures Horse-Collars, Leather-Covered Patent Top- Prop Nuts, Patent Leather Top-Prop Washers, Enamelled and Patent Leather Curtain Loops and Carriage Strappings, at 183 Brewery street. He also carries a heavy stock of general harness goods, and the long experience which the house has had in the business (it having been founded in 1849 by Messrs. Jellett & Smith), warrants the assertion that only such goods as will afford the most satisfactory results are handled. Mr. Henry Smith has carried on the business alone since 1879, in a manner which has caused it to rapidly but steadily increase. Three floors are occupied, each 90x25 feet in dimensions, and a wholesaleand retail as well as manufacturing business is done, employment being given to ten assistants. Mr. Smith was born in Glastonbury, Conn., and is one of New Haven's most enterprising and progressive citizens. His establishment turns out the best of work, as is generally conceded throughout the trade. E. P. & B. R. Merwin, Importing Tailors, 68 Church and 60 Center Streets. — The frequent in- stances of great success in business growing out of small beginnings is one of the most creditable facts connected with the industrial progress of New Haven. The now well-known house of E. P. & B. K. Merwin, importing tailors, of No. 68 Church and 60 Center street, is a notable example of this kind. When the business was first estab- lished, away back in 1831 by Smith Merwin, the trade transacted was of comparatively limited di- mensions, and but a small amount of capital was needed to carry it on. But thanks to the busi- ness energy and aptitude displayed by the founder, business incrt-ased at a rapid pace, and in 1851 the firm name was changed to Smith Merwin & Co. In 1870, nearly twenty years later, Mr. E. P. Merwin became the sole proprie- tor, and continued to carry on the business alone until five years later, when the present partnership was entered into. The firm do a very large and extensive import business, one of the partners making a voyage to Europe every year for the purpose of better looking after that branch of the bus-iness. The goods imported are of the highest grades, and such as the most critical and fastidi- ous cannot find fault with. The premises occu- pied here in New Haven consist of three floors, each 85x32 feet, and upwards of 200 hands, male and female, are employed. In New York the firm has a branch establishment at No. 240 Fifth avenue, where a force of about a hundred is kept busily engaged. A number of salesmen, too, are kept constantly travelling over all parts of the country, and the business transacted by the firm is something enormous — amounting in value to about $250,000 a year. Both members of the firm are natives of New Haven, and business re- lations entered into with them are certain to prove not only pleasant, but advantageous. W. S. Sanford, Auctioneering and Stock Room, No. 27 Congress Avenue. — A most use- ful individual in the business community is the auctioneer. A "knight of the hammer," as an auctioneer is sometimes designated, should, in the first place, be a born orator, quick and ready with his tongue, witty, good tempered, and full of business tact and energy. Mr. W. S. Sanford, whose auction rooms are situated at No. 27 Con- gress avenue, has been engaged in bu.siness as an auctioneer here ever since 1860, and during this period of more than a quarter of a century has conducted many important and extensive sales, the results of which have been satisfactory in all respects to all parties concerned. At one time he filled the position of Government Auctioneer, and shortly after the war was entrusted with the disposal of certain effects belonging to the United States. In this lie was most successful, and the property was sold at a more than usually high figure — the total sales reaching $100,000. The premises which he occupies at the above- given address are peculiarly well adapted for the purpose, and are well stocked with household and and other goods in endless Vi1riet3^ Ladies, and gentlemen, too, for that matter, will be sure of meeting here with something they need in the way of bargains; and Mr. Sanford's well known integ- rity in all his transactions is a sure guarantee that they will receive full value lor their money. 138 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. The L. Candee & Co., Manufacturers of Rub- ber Boots, Shoes, etc., Corner of East and Green Streets. — ^The manifold uses to which rub- ber is applied has within the recollection of the present generation developed extensive manufac- turing enterprises in this country, and some of the industries devoted to this department of activity rank among the most important in the world. Keeping pace with the progress made in this line toward perfection, The L. Candee & Co. has, from a modest beginning under the firm name of L. Candee & ('o., pioneers in their branch of industry, attained a leading place among the houses of the Old World and the New engaged in the manufacture of rubber boots and shoes, and the product of this great corporation has the world for its market and the representa- tive jobbers and dealers in every country as their patrons. This company was started in 1842 and incor- porated as a company in 1850, and the business has had marvellous growth. The premises con- sist of numerous large and substantial buildings, covering an area of three acres, each from four to five stories in height, and the extensive works are equipped throughout with valuable machin- ery of the most improved make for their pur- poses, with five engines of an aggregate of al- most 2,(X)0 horse power as the motors. Not less than 1,500 persons are employed by the company in the numerous departments of the business. The engines in use are probably unsurpassed by those of any manufacturers in the United States, and all are of the Corliss style. The fly wheel of one of these engines weighs 60,000 pounds, and and twenty-one large boilers supply the vast amount of steam required. An average of 20,- 000 pairs of boots and shoes are turned out daily or more than (5,000,000 pairs per annum. The manufactures of the company are of the highest grade and quality of material and workmanship. In the styles of their rubber boots and shoes, the company conform to the prevailing styles of ladies, gents and children's foot wear, accommo- dating their product to the changes in toes and heels of the boots and shoes worn from year to year. The output of the concern includes sporting or thigh boots of light weight and in slim, medi- um and full widths, designed for use of sports- men; fishing and mining boots of extra stock and superior workmanship. Their "dull finish boot-8," either heavy or light, and with plain or pebbled legs, is the result of earnest thought and effort to supply the trade with a boot of the very best quality. The best Para rubber and finest grades of wool felts are used for these goods, which easily conform to the average foot and are unsurpassed either in style, fit or dura- bility. They are made in all styles for men, boy's, women's, misses' and children's wear. Their "Fairy Boots," with legs made in beauti- ful imitation of watered silk or moire antique with white lamb's wool lining, are especially popular for youths, misses and children. Their "Fusion Lined" boots combine all the good qual- ities of both wool and rubber- lined boots without the disadvantages of either. In styles the company manufacture the univer- sally worn "Croquet," "Imitation Sandals," self acting "Clogs," "Foothold," "Yale," "Opera," "Brighton," "Dew Drop," "Feather Weight," "Victor," "Senator" and their high embroidered "Gaiters," in cartoons, with venti- lating felt upper, the "Indian Gaiter," vamp embroidered with moose hair in bright, fadeless colors, the work of Canadian Indians, are une- qualled in beaut j'^ and comfort. The line of arctics made by this great concern includes their popular "Champion," "Prize," "Fashionable" and "Plain and Self-acting Alaska." The company make the famous "Perfection" lumberman's overshoe, the best selling shoe for this class of trade in the market. Messrs. Henry L. Hotchkiss and Charles L. Johnson are the President and Treasurer and Secretary of the company respectively, and the Board of Directors is composed of the President and Secretary ex-officio, and Messrs. L. II. Bris- tol and G. W. Curtis. Mr. Lewis Elliott is the efficient Superintendent of this mammoth con- cern. Mr. C. L. Johnson has been one of the members of the City Council, and Mr. Elliott was formerly a Councilman and for fifteen years was one of the Board of Fire Commissioners of New Haven. James Graham & Co., Brass Founders, No. 293 Wooster Street. — Among manufacturer, throughout New England, and their name is le- gion, the firm of James Graham & Co. is well and favorably known as one of the representative and leading brass-founding houses of this sections and for a quarter of a century the concea'n has enjoyed the confidence of the trade and a large share of their patronage. The business was inaugurated in 1861 by Mr. Jas. Graham, who in 1865 was succeeded by the firm of Graham & Corey, and they in turn in 1880 by the firm as at present constituted. The works of Messrs. Graham & Co. are located at No. 293 Wooster street, and comprise three floors of their large building, 90x100 feet in dimensions, and a competent force of skilled workmen are employed in the establishment, which is thor- oughly equipped with every modern appliance and the latest improved machinery for their pur- poses. Twelve furnaces are kept in constant operation, and the output of the concern is al- ways of standard excellence, and in their spe- cial lines their work is unsurpassed. They make all kinds of brass and composition castings, large and small, and make a specialty of "Journal" brasses. They supply everything in their line, including Babbitt metal of all grades, at lowest market prices, and confidence in the merchandise and meth'^ds of these reliable manufacturers is always warranted by their worth. Messrs James and C. E. Graham are the mem- bers of this well-known firm. They are native* of Albany, N. Y., and of Branford, Conn., re- spectively, and are prominent in trade circles in this section, possessing the confidence and esteem of a 1 with whom they are brought into business relations. The senior partner is at present one of the State Senators of Connecticut, Seventh dis- trict, and represents his constituents with distin- s^uished ability. He has also represented the town of Orange, Ct. , in the Lower House in the years 1878, 1885 and 1886. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 139 The National Pipe Bending Co., Factory, River Street, near Lloyd Street, New Haven — In supplying some of the prime essentials and requisites for manufacturers, plumbers, and gas and steam fitters' purposes, the National Pipe Bending Co. have for six years filled an import- ant place among the industrial concerns of New Haven, and in a wide field of operations they ■developed a tra'le which is a large item in tlie great aggregate of business centering here. This stock company was incorporated in 1880 tinder the present style and title, and under able management has attained eminent success. ~The works of the concern are located on River street, near Lloj'^d, and comprise two floors of a large building, each oOxloO teet in size. The premises are admirably equipped with improved machinery, and a steam engine of 20horsepower drives the machinery. A force of experienced workmen aie employed in the shops, and work to order is turned out in large quantities. Iron, brass and copper pipe is bent in coils, angles and return bends, in any manner desired, and special work of all kinds is promptly executed. The company are the sole manufacturers of the National Feed- Water Heater, one of the most popular appli- ances in use in the country for heating feed-water for boilers, and experience has proved its great value over most other heaters in tlie market. The energy and husines.s tact of the manage- ment have developed a business of great propor- tions, extending to all parts of the United States and some of the foreign countries. And among the leading manufacturers and gas and steam fitters of the Eastern States, the liouse is account- ed a mo.-t desirable one with which to establish and maintain business relations. The ofiicers of the Company at present writing are Simeon J. Fox, President and Treasurer; F. L. Bigelow, Secretary. Directors, S. J. Fox, H. B. Bigelow, U. F. Tyler, W. F. Day and C. H. Farnham. Mr. Fox was for fourteen years widely known as the able Assistant Adjutact- General of Connecticut. Hon. 11. B. Bigelow served the people of this State with distinguished ability as Governor in 1881-3. Mr. Day is the honored President of the New Haven National Bank, and Mr. Tyler was private secretary to Gov. Bigelow during his administration, also is the President of Southern New England, and the Chesapeake & Potomac Telegraph Company. Brown's School of Shorthand and Tele- graphy, 87 Church Street. — One often hears the remark, "I wish 1 knew shorthand, then I could get a situation easily enough." To a cer- tain extent this is a fact, a good short- hand writer, all other things being equal, being almost sure of obtaining a l)aying position. ^ And not only this, Init the demand for such service is rap- idly increasing, by reason of the fact that nearly every large busi- ness house in the country employs one or more stenographers. The same may be said of type- writing and telegraphy. The question naturally arises as to where these accomplishments can be best and most aptly ac- quired; and in this connection it will be well to call the attention of the reader to William H. Brown's School of Shorthand and Telegraphy, No. 87 Church street, in this city. Mr. Brown, although a young man, is a thorough expert in all the various branches which he undertakes to teach, and since he opened his school in 1883 has had a large number of our best, and several of our most prominent citizens as pupils. The school room is centrally located (near the Green), easy of access, well lighted and well furnished, and, in fact, all the facilities are of the highest character. The Telegraph department is in charge of an expert operator. The school room is fitted up with the most approved instruments, and the course of instruction embraces all the practical details of telegraphic work. Mr. Brown is also the exclusive dealer in the celebrated Remington Standard Typewriters — for twelve years the acknowledged King of Writing IVIactiines — for Southern Connecticut, including the counties of New Haven, Fairfield, Middlesex, and New London. The reputation of the Remington is world-wide, and it needs no commendation at our hands It lias been found to be absolutely indispensable in the oflice, and, in the words of a well-known wholesale house, ,,The type-writer is to the merchant what the sewing-machine is to the family." Mr. Brown has always on hand a full line of supplies for the type-writer — ribbons, linen paper, carbon paper, copy-holders, etc., and is general agent for sev- eral other valuable labor saving oflBce specialties, including the Challenge Copying Press, and the "Autocopyist" — a process of duplicating price- lists, drawings, etc., similar to litliography, but le*s expensive. Ramser's Envelope Holder and Mail Box is a handy piece of oflBce furniture which should find a place on every writer's desk. A call at the ofiice, No. 87 Church street, will be sure to prove pleasant and profitable. 140 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA YEN. Smith &, Fowler, Dealers in Flour, Grain, Feed, etc., 361 Congress Avenue and 57 Long Wharf. — In every large community there will be found one or more extensive houses dealing in flour, grain, feed and similar productions, which ■with acquired resources and advantages, and the great care displayed in regard to the quality of their goods, have established a reputation and a trade that ensures them the confidence of the public. Of such concerns in this city we may give the house of Smith & Fowler a prominent position as being among the most extensive deal ers in this line of goods, in this section of the city, a position, too, which has been acquired since 1879 and held ever since. The premises occupied by this house consist of a large store, 30x60 feet in dimensions. This storeroom af- fords ample accommodations for the basis of a trade which embraces the city and vicinity and which is both wholesale and retail in its charac- ter and very extensive. This store is located at No. 361 Congress avenue, corner of Ward street. Special inducements are offered in purchasing goods of this house, embracing flour, grain, feed, liay and straw, beside coal and wood, and which they guarantee to be of superior quality at the lowest market prices. The warehouse is at 57 Long Wharf, where three floors are occupied. The business was originally established by Fred- erick M. Smith, being under the control of the present management since 1881. The members of the firm are both natives of New Haven. All orders by telephone will receive prompt attention. V. M. Beecher, Dealer in Staple and Fancy Groceries, 961 State Street, New Haven. — This business was established in 1874 by Mr. Vree- land, succeeded in 1882 by C. E. Lockwood, and again in 1885 by the present proprietor, Mr. V. M. Beecher, since which time he has developed a business of no mean magnitude. Occupying a fine location at 961 State street, and carrying a large and fine stock, he offers unusual induce ments to the public. The store is 30x45 feet in area, and is attractive in appearance, and in its arrangements affords every opportunity to dis- play, in his usual artistic manner, the specialties of his trade. His customers are found through- out this section, and his trade is exclusively re- tail. Mr. Beecher is a native of Seymour, Conn., and is one of the business men who, as a rule, carve a name and a place for themselves wherever they are. The stock comprises all kinds of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, flour, sugar, canned goods, etc., all of the finest and purest quality. A specialty is made of choice home made Chili sauce and fresh tomatoes in glass, which aie rapidly finding their way into the best families of this section. The goods of this house are too well-known to need any com- ment at our hands, but we would say for the bene- fit of those who have not patronized Mr. Beecher's store that they will confer a personal favor upon themselves by giving him a trial. Polite assistants are employed, and all goods are delivered in a prompt manner. Mr. Beecher, in addition to his groceries, is also a public auc- tioneer and is a teacher of dancing, and may be engaged to take charge of balls and parties. He is a member of Red Men and is an ex-member of the Governor's Foot Guard. Robert M. Stevens, Dealer in Beef, Mutton, Lamb, Chickens and Vegetables, 12 Congress Avenue. — One of the best and most favorably known of the Provision houses of New Haven i» the one so successfully carried on by Mr. Robert M. Stevens at No. 12 Congress Avenue. This progressive house inaugurated business in 1878,- and its success has been as marked as it has grat- ifying to the numerous friends of its genial pro- prietor. There is constantly carried in stock a large and well selected assortment of Beef, Mut- ton, Lamb, Chickens and Vegetables. Broiler Chickens in their season form a specialty with this house and these delicious birds have a very large sale, as Mr. Stevens has established a repu- tation for dealing only in the best. Vegetables are to be had in profusion, crisp and fresh, and a& their health-giving properties are more generally recognized yearly their sale is increasing rapidly. Creamery Butter is also handled very largely, some of the representative dailies of the country- contributing to this department. Good butter can be had in the city if you only know where to look for it, and j\Ir. Stevens always has an article on hand which will fully suit the tastes of the most fastidious in that line. Beef, which so many- prefer to any other meat for a "square meal," la- also kept in quantities, and any kind, from a "shin" for a stew to a sirloin for a delicious roast may be found at any time at this establishment. Mutton and Lamb are kept constantly in stock and are preferred by some to beef, and certainly "spring lamb and green peas" form a most tooth- some and appetizing combination when the lamb is spring and the peas are green, both of which conditions may be assured by purchasing here, Mr. Stevens a native of New Haven and is well known not only in a business way, but also- socially and politically, having served most ac- ceptably in the City Council in 1884. Wm. E. Ford, Druggist and Pharmacist, 511 and 513 State Street, New Haven. — Much de- pends, as is well known, upon the purity of the drugs used in the compounding of medicines in such cases, and for the benefit of those here in New Haven, who may be in need of such assistance, it will be as well to call attention to the old and well-known establishment now conducted by Wm. E. Ford, Druggist and Pharmacist, located at 511 and 513 State street, which was opened by- Curtis & Henry in 1850, who, after twelve years- of prosperity, were succeeded by E. H. Riley in 1862, who conducted the business until 1876, when he sold out to G. C. Ferris, and in 1882- Ihe present proprietor, Mr. Wm. E. Ford, as- sumed control. He is a skilled and experienced pharmacist. The building which he occupies comprises two' stories, and a large assortment of fine drugs, toilet articles, etc., is carried, and medicines of all kinds. A great feature in his business is in the put- ting up of physicians' prescriptions and in this de- partment Mr. Ford has the assistance of two skilled assistants. Mr. Ford is a native of New Haven and is 'a. member of the Odd Fellows and Free Masons. His business, already large, is increasing rapidly and among his patrons many of our leading resi- dents might be enumerated. LEABTNa BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 141 Perkins & Bradley Manufacturing Company, Miuiufactun^rs of Wire <3oods, No. 22 Artizau Street.— Since February, 1887, the company under •tlie above corporate name and style iiave successfully conducted the im- portant business inaugurated one year before by Mr. \V. C. Parker, who liad been superintendent of the Wire Goods Co., of Worcester, from tlie start, and under the present management the prestige and patronage of the old concern, form- verly known as Perkins' Manufacturing Co., has been more than maintained. The works of the company are located at 22 Artizan street and comprise a large four-story building, thoroughly equipped with machinery of the most improved kinds and patterns, operated by steam, and a large force of skilled workmen are employed in the various departments of the establishment. The output of the company comprises the manufacture of patented and special wire goods of standard excellence and finish, and the de- mand for the goods of this house is very exten- sive, and comes from all parts of the country. The facilities of the house for filling orders and supplying immediate demands are ample for all the wants of the trade, and their low prices and square dealing, have always commanded the con- fidence of their correspondents and trade at home and abroad. The officers of this responsible company are Tvidely known in business circles, Mr. Perkins having been long connected with the business. Mr. tienry Bradley is a son of Mr. F. S. Brad- ley, one of the leading hardware merchants of New Haven, and t lie future prosperity and use- fulness of the business seems abundantly assured. O. F. Beckley, Fancy Goods, No. 634 Chapel Street. — Strictly first-class in its line is the ably- -conducted concern of Mr. C. F. Beckley, dealer in fancy goods of every description, as well as agent for Mme. Demorest's patterns and the fa- mous Centemeri kid gloves, at No. 634 Chapel street, in this city. Established some twenty years ago, Mr. Beckley's business has from its very inception steadily kept pace with the rapid development and growth of mercantile activity in New Haven. His business, which is both wholesale and retail — principally, however, the .after— has steadily extended, and to-day is exceedingly large. The premises occupied by him, con- sist of one spacious floor, measur- ing about 25x50 feet, at the ad- dress above given. Mr. Beckley carries an extensive stock, em bracing every thing comprehended under the head of fancy goods, but which, nevertheless, include.s many a useful article in his line which cannot be very easily dispensed with in a well-regulated household. Everything, too, has been selected with great care and judgment, and nothing but that which can be sold strictly on its own merits ever finds a resting place in this establishment. His specialties are Centemeri kid gloves, Colum- bia Germantown wool, all the new and popular embroidery goods, in the best foreign iind do- mestic makes. Also gives particular attention to stamping. Mr. Beckley employs five assistants, who are courteous and attentive to the wants of cu.stomers, but over all be exercises a strict per- sonal supervision. Dr. A. J. Devereaux, Dentist, 800 Chapel St. — Among the dentists who have gained the confi- dence and respect of the public the establishment conducted by Dr. A. J. Devereaux at No. 800 Chapel street, holds a deservedly high position. This gentleman began the practice of his profes- sion in New Haven in 1880. Prior to that year he had practiced dentistry for thirteen years in Springfield and Hartford. His patronage is at present large and select. At this establishment one may have their teeth extracted without pain, and artificial ones inserted the same day. The premises occupied comprise a fine office and waiting room 25x40 feet in dimensions. His op- erating room is supplied with all the latest mod- ern instruments and facilities for thorough and artistic work, and all unnecessary display of them is carefully avoided, a point that will be appreciated by nervous or timid patrons. Mr. Devereaux is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., and is one highly esteemed and in whose skill great confidence is placed. M. F. Patience, 74 Kimberley Avenue.— This establishment is one deserving of special mention, being conducted in an enterprising and syste- matic manner, and by one who thoroughly un- derstands the details of the business. The pro- prietor, Mr. M. F. Patience, started this enter- prise about two years ago at its present location, 74 Kimberly avenue, where he occupies a neat and tastefully arranged store, well fitted up with a choice line of Meats, Groceries, Provisions, Fruits, foreign and domestic, and a line of pure Confectionery, Mr. Patience is a native of New Britain, Conn., and is a gentleman of unusual business ability, having had a long experience before establishing in his present business, and may be relied upon to supply the choicest and freshest of goods at low prices. Goods will be delivered free and orders filled in a prompt and careful manner. 1 A line of fancy goods and school supplies are I also carried for the convenience of customers in ' this section, which are sold ai down-town prices. 143 LEA Dry G BTTfiTlVESSI MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Foskett & Bishop, corner Railroad and Grand Avenues, and 490 State Street, New Haven, En- gineers of Mill Heating and Protecting Property ■with Patent Automatic Fire Extinguishers. — The business of this well-established and reputable firm was first set on foot as far back as the year 1840 by Mr. J. "W. Bishop. He carried it on most successfully for about twenly-six years, when it had assumed such proportions as to ne- cessitate the calling in of outside aid. In 1866, therefore, the firm name was changed to *' J. W. Bishop & Co." This continued up to 1871, when another change took place, the proprietors trans- acting business under the firm name of "J. K. Brown & Co.," which, in its turn, was succeeded four years later by the present co-partnership, composed of Messrs. W. A. Foskett and N. P. Bishop. The main store, which is located on Rail- road avenue, near the corner of Grand avenue, consists of two floors, each with an area of 125x50 feet. It is fitted up with every imagin- able convenience and appliance for the mailulac ture on an extensive scale of everything neeiled in the way of apparatus for the heating of mill and other property, and the protection of the same with patent automatic fire-extinguishers. They also have here a full and complete slock of all kinds of goods for the "laying on" of steam, gas and water, and control J. \\. Brown & Co.'s patent steam trap and feed-water heater. A steam engine of 25 horse-power furnishes the mo- tive power. The firm has also a branch establishment at No. 490 State street, where they occupy one whole floor, measuring 100x30 feet. Both Messrs. Foskett & Bishop have had a long and practical acquaintance with every branch of their special line of business, and have succeeded in building up a most extensive connection. Their trade extends not only throughout the New England States, but over the whole coun- try. About forty-five workmen are kept constantly employed, and the excellent manner in which every piece of work entrusted to them is per- formed is due in no small degree to the strict personal supervision which is exercised over them by the members of the firm. The Boston Buckboard & Carriage Co., ]\Ianufacturers of all Styles Fine Light Carriages, Nos 155 to 163 East Street. — A review of the di- verse industries of New Haven, however cursory, explains most satisfactorily the otherwise won- derful growth of the city in wealth and impor- tance during the past quarter of a century. In no sphere of manufacture has such progress been made here as in the carriage industry, and the fame of the city for the quality and styles of its vehicles is world-wide. The enterprise conduct- ed by the Boston Buckboard and Carriage Com- pany is one of the most notable concerns in the city in this line. Under the name and style of The Boston Buckboard Company, the organiza- tion was originally incorporated by act of legisla- ture in ISTOrand by the same authority the name was, in September 1884, changed to that it now bears. The company's works comprise two large four- story buildings, 175x200 feet in dimensions, and the manufacturing department is equipped in the most complete manner with machinery of the most improved patterns, driven by a steam en- gine of 25 horse-power, and 100 skilled workmen are employed in the building and finishing all styles of fine light carriages, for which the con- cern is fiimous. The uniform excellence, great variety of the styles of carriages sent out by the company, and the constant aim of the manage- ment to combine style, durability and finish with moderate cost in every vehicle built, has estab- lished the reputation of this company for furnish- ing the best carriages in the market at the lowest fig'ures. The exhibition of finished work in the repository is very creditable, and the closest in- spection and criticism of the work is invited. The range of manufactures includes coupe rockaways, with division fronts, panel back, high-door and low-door rockaways. Central Park extension-top phaetons, Wolseley phaetons, with and without canopy-tops, Laurence side-bars, Yale and Wolseley Surreys, no-top Rus- sian and top elliptic-spring beach wagons, Wiuan pha3tons, the famous novel and cano- py-top novel buckboards. New Haven road carts, Rhea, Daisy and light Brewster phaetons, Central Park gigs, doctors' phaetons and wagons, speed- ing wagons, Concords, spindle wagons. Corning side-bars, village carts, etc., and each carriage sold is guaranteed, with fair and reasonable use as a private vehicle for one year from the date of purchase. The officers of this well-known, representa- tive and successful concern are as follows: President, Edward E. Bradley; Vice-President, James Graham ; Secretary and Treasurer, W. E. Weld, Jr.; all of whom are prominent in munici- pal and State, as in business affairs. Mr. Bradley ably and faithfully represented the people of his district in New Haven, in the State House of Representatives and Senate, and at the election in November, 1886, he received a plurality of the votes cast for Lieutenant Govern- or of the State. Mr. Graham also represented the town of Orange in the State Legislature. The Directors are: Hon. E. E. Bradley, F. W. Pardee, Wm. Butler, W. E. Weld, Chas. Wil- son, Jno. Graham, F. E. Simpson. All with the exception of Messrs. Simpson and Butler are rep- representative business men of New Haven. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 143 D. Mitchell, Dealer iu Books, Periodicals, iStatiouery, etc., 720 Chapel street. — Let inter- ested parties say what they will, the many cheap editions of standard works of history, bioirraphy, travel and fiction have proved a great boon to the community, for by this means has been put not only within the reach but within the posses- sion of all who care for literature countless works of genius to which they would otherwise have been strangers, excepting they procured the use of them for a brief time from some circulat- ing or other iiublic library, a proceeding which however excellent and expedient it may be, is still, as every lover of books will agree, but an unsatisfactory substitute for having the books, in however cheap a form, in your own posses- sion. Cheap publications then being a source of much good it follows that those who deal in and circulate them most extensively are, in a certain sense, public benefactors and should be rewarded with a large measure of patronage to encourage their laudable efforts to disseminate good read- ing. A leading New Haven house in this line is that of D. Mitchell, wholesale and retail dealer in books, periodicals, stationary, etc., at No. 720 Chapel street. This gentleman, while making a specialty of cheap publications, deals largely also in writing paper, envelopes, inks, blank books, pocket books, lead pencils, steel pens, fancy articles, etc. All the magazines, and also daily and weekly papers will be furnished at sub- scription rates. The business was founded in 1885 by Mr. D. C. iMitchell, who was succeeded in 1855 by his son, the present owner. The store is conveniently located at 720 Chapel street, ad- joining City JVlarket. Three assistants are em- ployed. ]\lr. Mitchell is a native of Scotland, and is well known and much respected. T. C. Pratt, Fine Clothier, Room No. 2, 736 Chapel Street, New Haven. — Travelers in this country trom foreign lands, however much else they may see to admire, always find time to no- tice and to express their surprise at the well- dressed condition of the people here as a whole. There is no such attention paid to the wants of the people by cloihiers abroad as there is here, where the competition among those engaged in the business is so keen that $2 is more often made on a suit of clothes than $5, and where most of the dealers believe it is better to sell a large quantity of goods at a small profit than a small amount at a large profit. The clothing business is so arranged now that dwellers in the metropo- lis have no advantage whatever over those living in the surrounding smaller cities in the matter of purchasing clothing. Take the citizens of this city, for instance, and they can by calling on Mr. T. C. Pratt, the well-known clothier of No. 736 Chapel street, Simpson Block, Room 2, order their goods of the most prominent and reliable New York houses, such as Browning, King & \ Co., Devlin & Co., and McKeon & Todd at just the same prices as they would be charged should they visit New York in person and purchase their clothes of any of the above firms, all of which Mr. Pratt represents. Orders are taken by this gentleman (or either men's, youth's or boy's clothing, and in addition to his custom trade, which is very large, quite an amount of ready-made clothing is handled. Mr. Pratt started his present business in 1882, but long prior to that time he had been engaged in the same class of trade, having an ei:perience of more than twenty years, during which time he ofliciatcd as head salesman tor T. L. Kingsley & Co., and other old and well-known houses. Mr. Pratt is a native of New Haven, and naturally has a very large and extended acquaintance in this city. Occupying cliambers Mr. Pratt is enabled to offer his customers much lower prices for the same quality of clothing than other houses in this citj occupying expensive stores. W. E. Jackson, Dealer in Japanese Goods and Fruits, 930 Chapel Street.— Of late years there has been a growing demand among people of cul- ture for the beautiful goods manufactured by the I Japanese. These are taking the place ot the chromo and cheap engraving, and at a fraction of the cost of those old time ornaments. At an expense of a tew dollars only a house may be l)eautified by these attractive goods. No matter how replete the walls may be with choice pic- tures, a kw of these artistic ornaments displayed about the room will add greatly to its attractive- ness and beauty. Among the many varieties of this branch of decorative art may be mentioned fans in every variety, shape and color; umbrellas of all shapes; screens of every conceivable size and style; panels for doors; curtains, etc., and thousands of other ornamental goods. ]Mr. Jackson, the proprietor, is a native of this city, and is very popular in both social and busi- ness circles. The goods sold by this gentleman will be found in many of the finest residences in New Haven, and the price at which they are offered will be found most favorable, while the assortment is first-class in every respect. Also a fine assortment of curios on hand. R. G. Russell, Architect, 852 Chapel Street, New^ Haven. — In general esteem the subject of this editorial notice is a recognized leader in his profession in New Haven, and the numerous elegant and imposing public buildings, churches and dwellings, planned by Mr. Russell and erect- ed under his supervision in this city, emphasize the popular verdict in a most emphatic manner. Mr. Russell began business here as an Architect in 1862, and for a quarter of a century his skill and ability have been called into constant requi- sition. He has an established reputation for architectural work of a high order of merit, and in the most difficult building operations he invari- ably excels. He planned and superintended the erection of the Police Court Building, the Calvary Baptist Church, Davenport Church City Hospital and other fine buildings, including the elegant residence of Prof. Brown of Yale C< -liege Observ- atory, and in all his undertakings he has been emi- nently successful in giving satisfaction to patrons. Garfield Memorial and Unitarian Church, Wash- ington, D. C. ; Unitarian Church, Buffalo. Mr. Russell is a native of Prospect, Conn., and has served the people of New Haven with fidelity as Alderman and member of City Council, being several times re-elected to the latter place. He is a business man of sterling qualities, and has attained leadership in his profession by reason of his devotion to his important work, giving to every detail his undivided attention. 144 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. New Haven Rolling Spring Bed Co., 281 and 283 Stale Street. — Not many years ago a spring bed was considered a luxury only indulged in by the wealthier classes, but of late years there iiave been so many introduced into the market and offered at such reasonable prices that they are brought within the reach of all, still it is necessa- ry in purchasing one to deal with a reliable con- cern, as there are many manufactured hardly de- serving the name of "spring bed." One of the most serviceable and yet simple made is that BOLLED UP. known as the "New Haven Rolling Spring Bed," manufactured in this city at Nos. 281 and 283 State street. This is a stock company and was inaugurated as such in 1878, E. Oberndorfer be- ing chosen President; J. B. Savage, Treasurer; and B B. Savage, Secretary; under the name of the " New Haven Rolling Spring Bed Co." The premises occupied as a manufactory consist of a five-story building, covering an area of 60x20 feet, and in every way finely adapted and fitted up for the large trade which is both wholesale and retail. Employment is given to upwards of a dozen skilled hands, and all the material used in the manufacture of their spring beds is of the highest quality and warranted to give satisfac- tion to all purchasing them. The advantages of these spring beds over many others is not only their durability and cleanliness, but they are easily removed, as they can be rolled up into a very compact shape, a fact very commendable to all house-keepers, as they well know what a diffi- cult undertaking it is to lift a heavy spring from the bed. Mr. E. Oberndorfer occupied a high po- sition in the War Department during the late war. Messrs. J. B. and B. B. Savage were born in Connecticut. All three of these gentlemen are enterprising and energetic, and highly esteemed throughout the community for their business ability and social qualities. In connection with their "spring bed," they manufacture a full line of mattresses and bedding at 9 and 11 Long Wharf. H. G. Shepard & Sons, Manufacturers of Car- riage Bent- Wood Work, No. 80 Water Street.— There is no branch of industry that shows more progress in the past few years than the manufac ture of carriages and carriage trimmings, and no branch of the business is more important than the Bent-Wood Work emploj'ed in the building^ of the same. This city contains the most promi- nent firms engaged in this line in the United States, and there is no concern of its kind more extensive in its trade facilities than that of H. G. Shepard & Sons, whose spacious manufactory is located at No. 80 Water street. This well-known house was established in 1880 by W. G. Shef ard & Co., succeeded in 1884 by H. G. Shepard & Sons, and from its origin it has been conducted with marked success. The firm occupy a large floor covering an area of 150x40 feet. Here is- manufactured all kinds of carriage bent-wood work, coach beds, corner pillars, etc., coupe^ wagonette and cart shafts, and also one of the most popular styles of toboggans in this part of the country. The products of this house are first-class in every respect, as they select their stock with great care and aim to gel the best that grows, and having had a long experience in the construction of carriages they are enabled ta select stock for the different parts that will be best adapted to those parts; a specialty is made of difficult bending and bending to special pat- terns, and in this they are not excelled by any firm in the United States. A fifteen horse-power steam engine is employed in the manufacture of their products, and the services of several skilled workmen. The members of the firm are H. G. Shepard and his sous, J. F, and A. L., all natives, of Branford, Conn. Mr. Shepard, senior, is con- sidered an expert in his line, and is frequently consulted as an authority on bent- wood work as^ applied to carriage builduig. We are convinced that whoever may have trade dealings with this firm will receive ample satisfaction, not only in the character of the goods but iu prices, as they guarantee the same to be as low as consistent with good stock and superior workmanship. Henry Hendricks, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges^ Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Ware. Roofing and Jobbing of all kinds promptly attended to, 2^' Church Street. — Iron plays so important a part in modern civilization that it has been justly called the "king of metals." Its uses are as di- versified as they are universal, and not only doe* it enter into the magnificent suspension bridges- and other stupendous works of the engineer which are scattered over our countrj', but even the humbler but not less useful kitchen utensils, which are to be found in every house are in a majority of cases composed of it. A well-known house engaged in the sale of Stoves. Ranges, etc., is that of Mr. Henry Hendricks, who established himself at the above address in 1877, in a conve- nient and commodious store 34x25 feet, and has- built up a large business by proving himself to be a man who could be depended upon and whose goods could be confidently accepted as what he represented them to be. In addition ta Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, Copper and Sheet Iron Ware, Mr. Hendricks carries a full line of Tin Ware. He is also prepared to undertake roofing and jobbing of all kinds, and will give prompt and skillful attention to any and all orders he may receive in his line. Mr. Hendricks is a native of Wuertteuburg, Germany. He is very- skillful, and any work he may do, or is respon- sible lor, is sure to be honest and durable. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 145 B. Manville & Co., Mauufuctureis of Fashion- able Carriages of the highest grade, 32-44 Woos- ter Street. — For nianj^ years and iu all parts of the world New Haven is justly famed for the elegance of style and superior quality and excel- lence of the carriages manufactured here, and the vast volume of her trade in this class of mer- chandise is a large item in the great aggregate. One of the oldest, successful, representative ■concerns engaged iu this field of industrial enter- prise in theElm City is that of Messrs. B. Man- Tille e% Co., Nos. 33 to 44 VVooster street. This house was founded by Messrs. Manville, Bradley & Kay, in 1859, and two years later the senior partner became sole proprietor and continued the business under the name of B. Manville till 1868. The firm as now constituted was organized as his successors in 1868, and on a scale of extensive proportions they are successfully conducting a large and steadily increasing business. The large factory and warerooms of the firm comprise five floors, one a large building 148x148 feet in dimensions, with other outbuildings, and in its appointments the establishment is a model i)f completeness and excellent management. A very large number of experienced workmen are •employed here in the manufacture of fashionable carriages, of tlie highest grade of excellence and elegance, and in the beauty of their styles, per- fection of finish and workmanship, Messrs. Man- Tille & Co. are unsurpassed if equaled by any competitors in the country. Making only first-class vehicles, and ever vigil- ant to maintain their reputation for superiority in all that constitutes stylish, serviceable vehi- cles, the house has long been preeminent in the esteem of dealers and the driving public at home and abroad, and the name of the firm has for years been accounted a guarantee of gesieral ex- cellence of workmanship. Messrs. Henry L. and Joseph B. Manville now constitute this reliable, responsible firm. They are both natives of Middlebury, Conn., and their energy and worth have developed from a small beginning thirty years ago, an enterprise whicli in magnitude and importance compares with any of the prominent industries of this manufactur- ing centre. A. M. Barrows & Co., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Milk and Cream, No. 12 Fair Street. — A reliable dairy is one of the indispensable requi- sites of every community, since health, and per- haps life, to some extent, are largely dependent upon the vigilance and probity of the dealers sup- plying tlie milk and cream used for domestic purposes. In general esteem of consumers and dealers in New Haven the house of A. M. Barrows & Co. fully meet the requirements of the public in eve- ry regard. The business was established by this firm in 1882, and from the beginning has been conducted on a basis of strictest integrity and fair dealing. The establishment is located at No. 12 Fair street, the premises comprising two floors of the building. Scrupulous cleanliness, the all-impor- tant requisite to the maintenance of purity and wholesome properties of the milk and cream, is always maintained, and the most positive guar- antee of excellence of merchandise is always given. Milk and cream are supplied by the firm m large or small quantities, at fair prices for the quality of goods, and prompt delivery, free of charge, is made to all parts of the city. Mr. A. M. Barrows, the active member of the firm, is by birth a New Haven man, and enjoys in full measure the confidence of the people of this, his native city. G. A. Towner, Dealer in Meats, Vegetables. Groceries, etc., cor. Exchange and South Front Streets. — This market, eligibly located at corner of Exchange and South Front streets, is one of the old business landmarks of Fair Haven. The business was inaugurated by Mr. C. Warren over twenty years ago, and, although Mr. Towner has been the proprietor for less than one year, he lias more than maintained the prestige and patronage of the old concern. In Mr. Towner's aim to meet all the requirements of his trade he has been emi- nently successful, and his worth and methods have always inspired the confidence of his customers. He carries in stock the choicest fresh and cured meats, groceries, vegetables, produce and provis- ions, and supplies all merchandise of this descrip- tion of standard excellence at reasonable prices. Mr. Towner can always be relied upon for square dealing. He is a young man of excellent business qualifications, and is a native of New Haven. 146 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Hotel Converse, H. A. Converse, Proprietor, 160 iState Street, Fred. J. Brainerd, Manager. — Our history of New Haven's commercial develop- ment would be sadly incomplete if we failed to mention (although the exigencies of space, unfor- tunately, require it to be but little more than mention) the oldest place of entertainment "for man and beast " in the State, now known as Hotel Converse. Founded over 100 years ago, it was originally called the Eagle Hotel, afterwards the Austin House, and, coming into the hands of its present proprietor in 1881, has since been known as Hotel Converse. Shortly alter Mr. Converse came into possession he, with charac- istic liberality and enterprise, had the house en- tirely renovated from garret to cellar and newly furnished throughout, by this means causing the house to take a foremost place in the very front rank of New Haven hotels. The hotel contains four floors, each 100 feet square and 112 rooms, arranged singly and en suite, and beiug located at 160 State street, is most convenient to the rail- way stations. It is under the management of Mr. Fred. J. Brainerd, who is a great and de- served favorite with the travelling public and who has shown the greatest zeal and ability in his conduct of the house, doing everj'thing pos- sible for the comfort and convenience of guests and sparing no trouble or expense to make their stay as agreeable as he is able to. Mr. H. A. Converse is also the proprietor of the City Hotel, Hartford, which is a favorite resort for travellers, and is a native of Enfield, Conn., and Mr., Brainerd, of Haddam, Conn. Mr. Harry Vaughan, recently of the Waldo House, Worces- ter, ofiiciales as clerk. The business affords em- ployment to thirty assistants and ]Mr. Brainerd has inaugurated so perfect a system that every- thing goes on smoothly and without a jar. The rates charged for accommodations are surprising- ly low, being but $2.00 per day, and guests are served with the best that the market affords. Hotchkiss & Tuttle, Dealers in First-Class Groceries and Provisions, Meats, Vegetables and Fruits, 524 Elm Street, Corner of Kensington. — Although recently established this enterprise bids fair to stand on a level with many houses of longer standing. The proprietors are Hotchkiss & Tuttle, and their premises are located at No. 524 Elm street, at the corner of Kensington. This business was established in 1886 by the pres- ent management, and the premises occupied con- sist of one floor and basement, 40x25 feet in di- mensions. The store is finely fitted up with a well selected stock of choice family groceries and provisions; also meals, vegetables and fruits, both foreign and domestic. The facilities enjoyed by the firm are unsur- passed throughout the city. All their goods are first class and sold at reasonable prices. Polite and attentive treatment is accorded to all and or ders are promptly and carefully filled. The members of the firm are Chas. S. Hotchkiss and AVm. M. Tuttle, both natives of New Haven, and gentlemen of energy and ability, well-qualified to manage their undertaking. Our readers may transact business with this house with the full assurance of receiving not only fair and liberal treatment, but will find in addition to the facili- ties meutioned manifest advantages in prices. Rourke & Hughey, Fine Carriages and Light Business Wagons, 109 Broadway, New Haven. — The improvement in the manufacture and style of carriages is as marked as in almost any branch of business, and when we compare the heavy luuibering vehicle of a century ago with the ele- gant light manufactures of the present age, we perhaps are safe in asserting that it is in advance of ail other branches. Messrs. Rourke & Hughey are among the most enterprising carriage build- ers of New Haven. Their establishment is lo- cated at 109 Broadway. The premises occupied comprise two floors, 80x44 feet in dimensions, which is devoted to the manufacture and sale of fine carriages and light business wagons of all styles, comprising carriages, open and top bug- gies, phaetons, road wagons, track sulkies and sleighs, made in the latest improved styles and in the highest quality of workmanship. This firm was established in 1877 by Geo. W. Stone, but was succeeded by the present proprietors, Mr. J. H. Rourke and Mr. Wm. Hughey, in 1884. These gentlemen have by their energy and enter- prising business ability succeeded in building up a fine retail trade in connection with their custom work. Messrs. Rourke & Hughey are both prac- tical carriage builders and thoroughly understand every branch of their business, to which they give their personal supervision, and with the as- sistance of their eight thoroughly experienced workmen, manufacture some of the newest and most popular designs. They deal in wagons and carriagesof all kinds and in construction, dura- bility and strength, they excel all competitors. Mr. J. H. Rourke is a native of New Haven and Mr. AVm. Hughey, of Canada. Their reputa- tion for good, honest work and artistic skill have made Ihem pre eminent in their line of manufact- ure and business. Messrs. Rourke and Hughey are members of the Foresters and favorably known. M. Hessler, Fine Bread and Cake Baker, 898 State Street, New Haven. — In nearly all cities in each different kind of business, there will be found firms whose goods have a very high repu- tation, which fact is, no doubt, due to the high standing of the house and the very careful atten- tion that is paid to procuring the best stock. These remarks are applicable to the house of M. Hessler, located at No. 898 State street, who though established less than a year, have already acquired a reputation for manufacturing fine bread and cake. The premises occupied for busi- ness purposes consist of one floor and basement, 60x30 feet in dimensions. The store is large and commodious and great taste is displayed in the arrangement of goods. A beautiful ice cream Iiarlor is also one of the features of the house, and beside these departments already spoken of, a fine assortment of confectionery is also kept constantly on hand, and will be warranted pure and unadulterated. Mr. Hessler is a native of Germany and is a prominent Odd Fellow. Sev- eral skilled hands are employed and all bread, cake, etc., purchased here are found fresh and of first-class quality. The community at large are so familiar with the superiority of the goods sold as to require no further comment at our hands and the high standard of the proprietor is such as to entitle him to the respect with which he is reararded. LEADINQ BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 147 Peck & Bishop, General Carting, Expressage, etc., Offices, Passenger Depot, 702 Chapel St., and N. H. Steamboat Co.'s Dock.— The proper, safe and faithful conveyance of goods from one place to another, whether for long or short distances, is a matter of such importance to the commercial community that the business of carting or "ex- pressing," as it is termed on this side of the At- lantic, has almost come to be regarded as identi- cal with commerce itself. It therefore follows, as a matter of course, that any lirm which makes a specialty of it is more than deserving of men- tion in a review of this nature. Without such means of conveyance for merchandise, etc., trade would rapidly languish. And this brings us to speak of the Arm of Messrs. Peck & Bishop of this city, who have for many years been engaged in carrying on one of the largest expressing busi- ness in this part of the country. They move pianos, furniture, boilers, machinery, carriages, safes, personal baggage, and general merchan- dise, having thirtj^ wagons constantly "on the go," and employing forty hands. The firm's storehouse is a perfectly fire-proof brick struct- ure, five stories in height, while the main office, at No. 703 Chapel street, measuring 15x40 feet, is commodious enough in all reason, and fitted up in a manner calculated to meet all require- ments. Then, too, the firm owns two large dwelling houses, which are occupied by em- ploj-es, together with extensive stabling accom- modations on Union street. The business now carried on by Messrs. Peck & Bishop was origin- ally started as far back as 1846 by Mr. John A. Myers, who continued it until 1876. The gen- tlemen composing the present firm — Capt. R. Peck, of the New Haven Steamboat Co., and Messrs. R. L. and G. H. BLshop— then became the proprietors, and have carried it on most suc- cessfully ever since. They also deal extensively in railroad tickets to all points, being agents for the Boston and Albany, New York Central and Hudson River R. R., West Shore, Baltimore and Ohio, and all other prominent lines. Also make a special feature of checking baggage from the house to destination, with regular railroad checks, which is a great convenience to the trav- eling public. They furthermore are agents for all the principal steamship lines, and to sum it up have every facility to fix out the public in good shape, whatever their route or destination, being able many times to offer the passenger bet- ter accommodations than can be secured at the offices of the companies themselves. Hooker & Wairren, Real Estate and Building, Office, 19 Exchange Building. — Among the live, progressive business men of New Haven, the firm of Hooker & Warren, real estate agents and builders, of No. 19 Exchange Building, hold a prominent place. Their agency was established in 1870 by Mr. H. W. Painter, who was succeed- ed in 1873 by Mr. E. Y. Foote, and he in 1880 by Mr. R. ]M. Hooker, Mr. W. C. Warren becoming associated with the latter in 1885, and at present • writing the firm are recognized leaders in their special line of business in this city and section. With an exhaustive knowledge of values of real estate, and every facility for supplying the ueeds of those in quest of property lor specula- tive purposes or investment, ]\Iessrs. Hooker & Warren's operations are extensive and steadily increasing, and their lists of desirable properties for sale, lease and exchange, comprise houses and lots in all parts of the city, for places of residence or business purposes, at reasonable prices and on most favorable terms. The firm are reliable col- lectors of rents and bills, negotiate loans on real estate security, make plans and estimates, and take charge of estates, at reasonable rates of commission. All business is transacted with dis- patch and returns are promptly made to clients. The repairing branch of their business has as- sumed such extensive proportions as to require the erection of a well equipped shop for the pur- pose, and employment is given to a corps of skilled workmen in the following branches: ma- sonry, carpentery, joinery, sanitary plumbing, gas-fitting, tinning, painting, paper-hanging, dec orating and hard-wood finishing. They also give special rates for the economical repairing of tene- ment property. The Ileal Estate Record, published by the firm, is a weekly publication of great value to real es- tate agents everywhere, and as well to those de- siring to sell or buy real estate, and has a good circulation in New Haven. The Landlords and Retailers' Protective Agency, conducted by this firm, gives special reports about applicants for rent on credit, and is of great value to real estate owners and merchants, and is the only paper of the kind in the city. Messrs. Hooker & Warren are natives of Kan- sas and Connecticut respectively, and are widely and favorably known as reliable business men of established reputation, and influential represen- tative citizens. P. Ferry, Baker, 50 Church Street, New Ha- ven. — Ferry's bakery, located at 50 Church street, is one of the oldest and most reliable in New Haven, and deserves honorable mention at our hands. The business was founded in 1860 by Mr. Ferry, the present proprietor, who is a thorough master of everything pertaining to the business, and has built up a trade upon a sound and permanent basis. He occupies one floor of the main building, 25x50, and also has six branch stores in different parts of New Haven. The store and bakery are well equipped, and have every convenience and facility at hand for promptly facili atiug the business in all its va- rious depai'tments. He has made it an invari- able rule to use nothing but absolutely pure ma- terial, and upon this substantial basis in all his business dealings he has won a wide reputation and instant appreciation from all who buy his goods. He has developed a fine wholesale as well as family trade, and his bread, cake and pastry is highly esteemed for its freshness, abso- lute purity and low prices. Customers have the satisfaction of knowing tliat nothing .'-tale, infe- rior or adulterated will be offered them. In these essential respects he is not excelled by any of his contemporaries in this city. Fourteen ex- perienced hands are employed in this mammoth bakery, and two large ovens are in constant use. Mr. Ferry has had an experience of thirty-four years in the business, and is a practical, popular and successful baker. He has just opened a branch store in Brook- lyn, and has already five in Rochester, N. Y. 148 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN C. H. Stilson, Architect, 15 Exchange Build- ing. — The rapid growtli of New Haven as a busi- ness and resident city has created an excellent field for the exercise of the highest order of ar- chil ectural talent, and the handsome appearance of the public and private buildings in the city and its suburbs elicits the admiration of travelers and con.nomeurs in the matter of architecture. Among the leading architects who share the credit of giving to New Haven its reputation for the high standard of its architectural beauty is Mr. V. H. Stilson, No. 15 Exchange Building, who has attained prominence in his profession as a master of its every detail. The business was inaugurated in 1876 by Messrs. Brown & Stilson, the latter succeeding the firm in 1883, and he has achieved great success, both as regards the ex- ternal beauty of design and the substantial char- acter of the buildings planned by him and erect- ed under his immediate supervision. Among the many imposing buildings which owe to Mr. Stilson their beauty and imposing proportions are the County Court House Annex, the elegant residences of Prof Chittenden and Mixter, Mr. Crockett and Mrs. Boardman, either of which at- test unmistakably the genius, skill and executive ability of this expert. ]Mr. Stilson was born in the Western Reserve, Ohio, and is a tliorough business man of sterling worth. Dr. Elias Strong, Dentist, Hoadley's Building, corner Church anil Crown Streets. — Prominent among the dentists of New Haven we would call the attention of our readers to Dr. Elias Strong, whose spacious dental rooms are located at the corner of Church and Crown streets, in Hoad- ley's Building. This gentleman has been estab- lished here since 1858, and has gained a reputa- tion throughout the community for first-class work and reasonable prices. The offices cover a space 50x25 feet in dimensions, and are admir- ably located and beautifully fitted up for the ex- tensive custom to which he caters, which em- braces many of the wealthy residents of the city and vicinity. All branches of dentistry are exe- cuted by Dr. Strong in a thoroughly scientific manner. Two capable assistants are employed, who, together with Dr. Strong, can promptly at- tend to all demands made upon them. In con- nection with his business he also keeps on hand a full stock of dental supplies, embracing Artificial Teeth, Gold Foil, Tin Foil, Amalgam, Rubber, all shades, Vulcanizers, Flasks, Nit. Ammonia, Corundum Wheels, Instruments, etc. Any article not in stock will be supplied at short notice, and at Philadelphia prices. Dr. Strong is a native of Southampton, Ma.ss., and is a gen- tleman of unusual ability and long experience in his profession. The Old Book Store, W. H. Kingsbury, 33 Center Street. — The advantages offered to the people of New Haven for the purchase of new and second-hand books of every description by Mr. VV. H Kingsbury, No. 23 Center street, are so great as to have made of his establishment the chief source of attraction in the city for those re- quiring anything in his line of trade. With a special adaptation to the business, which in- volves an extensive acquaintance with the litera- ture of the past, as well as that of to-day, Mr. Kingsbury inaugurated his important enterprise here in 1882, and from a small beginning he has built up a trade of large proportions. He occupies the ground fioor and basement of the building No. 23 Center street, where is to be found the largest and most varied assortment of miscellaneous books, new and secondhand, in- cluding always the most popular and latest works of standard authors, besides a very large assort- ment of old, valuable works, which make his place the most attractive point in the city for bibliophiles and literary people. Mr. Ivingsbury also carries in stock a very se- lect assortment of albums, holiday and scrap books, bibles, scrap pictures, shelf and tissue pa- pers, Christmas cards, diaries, and a full line of counting-house and fashionable stationery, etc., and the wants of the most exacting are fully met by this enterprising dealer, whose prices are al- ways the lowest possible maigin above cost. Books are bought, sold and exchanged, and the establishment is the leading place in New Haven for the disposal of old books of every de- scription. A circulating library of standard works is a leading and popular feature of Mr. Kingsbury's enterprise, and at a trifling expense persons can always obtain the best reading matter in this de- partment Mr. Kingsbury is a native of Vermont, and is a live, progressive and deservedly success- ful business man. Mrs. J. M. Andrus, Choice Confections of all kinds. Bread and Pastry, 692 Chapel Street. — At this addreS'S is located an establishment attractive to both old and young. It is a candy store, so the children call it, though as we proceed it will be found to be something more than that, and is presided over by that veritable goddess of " sweet tooth," Mrs. J. M. Andrus. Hard work is it for a father or mother, aunt or uncle, or relation of whatsoever degree of affinity, to pass the door of this store when accompanied by the little ones without purcliasiug, and purchasing laigely, too, some of the innumerable dainty and tasty con- fections displayed in the windows and long rows of show cases. It would occupy much more space than can be spared to enumerate one-tenth of the various kinds of sweetmeats which Mrs. Andrus always has on band, and which, with the assistance of two skilled confectioners, she makes fresh every day It must be left more to the imagination than anything else. But, in general, it may be said that she deals in strictly first class candies and confections of every possi- ble description, and a convincing proof that lier efforts to meet the wants of the public are appre- ciated, is to be found in the fact that her store, which measures 20x75 feet, is pretty well filled with customers during almost an}^ hour of the (lay. Mrs. Andrus commenced business on these premises in 1884, and during the comparatively brief period she has catered to the public in her particular line, she has succeeded in attracting a large and first-class custom. Mrs. Andrus, too, does a large ice-cream trade, being agent of Hill- man's creams, and in the summer there is a con- stant call lor her soda-water, her fountain being really a highly artistic piece of workmanship. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 149 Peter McQuaid, Dealer in Real Estate, 18 lloadley Building, 49 Church Street.- With most gratifyiug success, ^Ir. Peter McQuaid has for fifteen years conducted a large real estate business in New Haven, and his office at No. 49 Church street is one of the principal agencies in the city. The business was established by Mr. ISIcQuaid in 1871 and Ironi the beginning has been con- ducted with energy characteristic of the man, and his worth and tact have met with most de- cided success. Mr. McQuaid's knowledge of localities and values, and of the laws relating to titles, convey- ances, etc., is of inestimable value in the trans- action ot his business, often involving large amounts of money, and his skill, prudence and worth justifies the fullest confidence in the agent and his opeia'ions. The lists of tliis reliable agent embrace city and country property of every description for busi- ness purposes or dwellings, and are offered lor sale, rent or exchange on the most accommodat- ing terms. Opportunities for profitable invest- ments and to procure desiiable homes, stores, farms, etc., are offered at all times, and those de- siring to sell, buy, exchange or lease would do well to avail themselves of the services of this ac- curate and lesponsible agent, at most reasonable rates of commission. Mr. McQuaid is a Scot by birth and possesses the characteristic integrity and energy of his race, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of a wide feircle of business and personal acquaintance. Abram E. Mack, Manufacturer of Harness and Saddles, 38 George Street. — A representa- tive house in the manufacture of harness, etc., and one which has received a liberal and success- ful patronage is that of Abram E. Mack, located at No 38 George street, whAse business was es- tablished in 1874 by Turner & Glennan, succeed- ed in 1883 by the present proprietor, Mr. A. E. Mack. The premises occupied aie large and commodious and consist of one floor and base- ment, 40x20 feet in size, admirably fitted up with a large assortment of heavy and light single and double harness, saddles, bridles, robes, halters, whips and blankets, curry combs and brushes, harness oils and soap, and every known article under the name of horse furnishing goods First class custom work is executed to order with promptness and high style of workmanship, all the harness, etc., being manufactured of the very best materials obtainable, while all orders for repairing harness or trunks, receive careful attention. Skilled workmen are employed con- stantl}^ and we can honestly guarantee that the goods produced by this establishment will give entire satisfaction and compare favorably with any in the market. ]\Ir. Mack is a member of the Free Masons, and well known for his honor- able dealings. Howard W. Durand, Costumer, 104 Orange Street. — The large portion of the general public that is interested in Amateur Tbeatricals, will be pleased to learn of a reliable and experienced Costumer who carries constantly a very large and elegant assortment of costumes, suitable for almost every imaginable character of either an cient or modern times. The gentleman of whom we speak, Mr. Howard W. Durand, controls an establishment which lias carried on the costuming business for nearly half a century, it having been founded in 1838 by Mr. George Gardner, and conducted by him \ip to 1881, wlien he was suc- ceeded by his son, Mr. Thomas Gardner, who in turn gave place to !Mr. Durand in 1886. Everything needed bj'^ theatrical or masquerade parties is to be had here, a large variety being carried of Wigs, Beards, Masks, Ornaments, Plays, Scenery, Bullion Fringes and Grease Paints. A large stock of Regalia and Lodge supplies are also on hand; and anything in this line will be manufactured to order if desired. Mr. Durand is very frequently engaged to make up parties for the stage, a task for which his ex- cellent taste and fine eye for effect most ad- mirably fits him. Mr. Durand is an energetic and very popular member of the Knights of Pythias and Good Templars. Costumes are let by liim at very reasonable rates. L. B. Bartholomew, Circulating Library and Employment Office, No. 75 Orange Street. — A circulating library is one of the most powerful aids possible to a diffusion of knowledge and to the obtaining of enjoyable and rational entertain- ment. It places within the reach of all people, however humble their circumstances, the laiest productions of the most popular novelists o( the present day. One of the most complete and well-selected circulating libraries in New Haven is that owned and managed by Mr. L. B. Bar- tholomew, at No. 75 Orange street. This collec- tion comprises over 5,000 volumes, and from its ready accessibility and the very low prices charged for the use of books, $3 per year, it has become a great favorite with the reading public. All the latest publications on subjects of popular interest are early to be had here. In addition to his library Mr. Bartholome-w conducts a select Intelligence Office where the most desirable help, both male and female, can always be obtained, and as he looks out sharply for the interests of both employer and employed, this branch of his business enjoys a very large patronage. Wm. Geary, Dealer in Groceries and Pro- visions, 856 and 858 State Street, Corner Clark Street, New Haven. — This business was estab- lished in 1860 by Mr. Geary, since which time he has continuously conducted it. The premises occupied by him for business purposes consist of one floor, 60x40 feet in area, and basement, being kept constantly stocked with groceries and provisions of all kinds. The as- sortment of goods here cannot fail to attract buy- ers, as tlie variety is complete, the quality as good as the markets afford, and they are offered at prices as low as an equal quality can be ob- tained elsewhere. It is not surprising therefore that this well known and firmly established house should have attained the success it enjoys, and which the long experience of the proprietor in the business and his general liberal policy and in- tegrity has had lengthened and extended continu- ance. Mr. Geary has been a resident of this city fz-ir mnny years, and has held the position o -Councilman and Alderman. 150 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVFN. John J. Dinnan, Dcciler in Guns and Ammimition of All Kinds, etc., No. 94 Orange [Street. — Among tlie success- ful hardware dealers in sport- ing goods in this city Mr. John J. Dinnan holds an honorable and prominent position. This gentleman started in business in 1880, and has by unremit- ting attention to the wants of the public, together with enterprise and intelligence shown in satisfying them, es- tablished a very large and profitable busines<5. A stock of the latest improved guns, rifles, pistols, fishing tackle and ammunition of all kinds is carried, as well as a full and complete line of locks, knobs, door plates, door num- bers, letter-box trimmings. Steamboat and House bell- hanging, is done Electric bells of all styles are also on hand, together with burglar alarms, annunciators, electric gas-lighting fixtures, speaking tubes, etc. JMr. Dinnan acts as agent for Zimdar's Pneu- matic Bells and American Time Draft. A large and im- portant branch of the business consists of gun and locksmith- ing, key fitting and general repairing, all the necessary tools and machinery being at hand to ensure prompt and aood work, and only skilled and trustworthy^ workmen being en- gaged to attend to it. The establishment occupies two floors, each 35x15 feet, and steady erSployment is given to five ef- ficient assistants. Mr. Dinnan's place of business is at No. 94 Orange street, and all who wish anything in his line should make it a point to call and see him, as it is for their interest to do so. Ochsner & Buchter, Manufacturers of Patent Coach Locks and Carriage Hardware, 187 St. John Street. — We have had occasion frequently in ex- amining the industries of New Haven, to note the various works for the nianulacture of articles whose use is contingent upon the general pros- perity ot other branches ot trade, and the manu- factory of Messrs. Ochsner & Buchter is worthy of note. Special machinery of all kinds maile to order by this firm, who also manufacture patent coach locks and carriage hardware. This enter- prise was founded in 1876 by A. Ochsner & Son, succeeded in 1886 by the present management. The premises occupied for the business are lo- cated at No. 187 St. John .street, Atwater's Block, consisting of one floor and basement, well- stocked with first-class machinery, and affording ample conveniences for the prosecution of con- siderable manufacturing operations. Being prac- tical mechanics and perfectly familiar with the work in every particular, Messrs. Ochsner & Buchter make it their object to excel, and the su- periority of their goods has become so well- known as to lead to a trade that extends through- out the city and State. Several skillful employees are kept busy at this establishment in the manu- facture of patent coach locks and carriage hard- ware; and all kinds of macliine repairing and jobbing is performed here in a highly satisfactory manner. JNIessrs. Oi hsner & Buchter are natives of Switzerland, and both are gentlemen of ex- perience and ability, taking a proper pride in their vocation. Among their customers are many of the leading manufacturers of the United States. Anton Staub, Merchant Tailor, 122 Orange Street, 2d door from Court, New Haven. — Al- though Mr. Anton Staub has only been engaged in the business here in New Haven foracomjmr- atively few years, he already occupies a leading position among houses of a similar line in the city. Mr. Staub carries a select assortment of imported and domestic suitings of the very best quality. His facilities are such that he is enabled to execute orders at very short notice, and his charges are as low as is con!?treet, No. 83 Long Wharf. — For many years the requirements of the people of New Haven for storage for merchandise and valuables have in a large measure been met by the old reliable house of Messrs. Smedley Bros., No. 313 State street, "where extensive storage warehouses are eligibly located at Nos 171 and 173 BreAvery street, witli their Freight office at No. 83 Long Wharf. This house was founded in 1868, by the firm of Smed- ley Bros. & Co., which was composed of Messrs. C. L. & W. W. Smedley, and of late the business has been conducted by the senior partner as sole proprietor, under the old firm name and style. In meeting the demand for extensive first class storage facilities long existing, by the erection of a commodious and safe building exclusively adapted for and devoted to tliis jiurpose, the en- terprise has met with most gratifying recognition in a large patronage. The new building is five stories in height, and is 80x160 feet in dimen- sions, and it is beyond question one of the most complete storage- warehouses in New England. A large fire-proof vault is provided especially for valuables and pictures, and a large elevator runs from the basement to the top of the build- ing, hoisting trucks and vans with their loads, thus saving several handlings and consequent injury. A watchman is constantly on duty day and night, and the most adequate protection against fire has been provided in the construction and equipment of the establishment. Carriages, baggage, family properties, works of art and general merchandise are securely stored at rea- sonable rates, and the new vans, made by ther firm, especially for the removal of furniture, etc., are entirely enclosed and padded throughout, giving every facility for safely removing statu- ary, mirrors, paintings and furniture of every de- scription with perfect safety. Freights are received and forwarded, and through bills of lading are given to all parts of the United States and Canada, and all orders for packing, movmg and shipping merchandise are promptly executed in the most satisfactory man- ner. Insurance on goods stored with Smedley Bros. & Co., is effected at minimum rates of premium, owing to the exceptionally safe construction of the building. An idea of the extent of the busi- ness of the house may be gathered from the fact that 50 men, 75 horses and 60 wagons, vans, etc., are required to conduct it, and the punctuality, and methods of the house uniformly inspire the fullest confidence. Mr. Smedley is a native of Litclifield, Conn., and has by tlie exercise of unprecedented energy developed an industry of most important propor- tions, and has accomplished a w'ork of the great- est benefit to the people of this city. Fine horses for every purpose he offers on reasonable terms. LEAD TNG BUSmESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. icr> Geo. B. Hanover, Pharmacist, 281 Water St., "New Haven, Conn.— With twelve years experi- ence as a practical pharmacist, Mr. Geo. B. Han- over is conducting a flourishing drug business in New Haven, and his establishment at 281 Water street has long been the leading source of med- icine supply in this section of the city. His store is very attractive and tasteful in its arrangement and appointments and every facil- ity for compounding prescriptions, and the ac- commodation of customers is provided. A lull line of pure and reliable drugs, medicines and chemicals, and druggists' sundries is always kept in stock, and everything is supplied at reasonable prices, and guaranteed of standard excellence. Prescriptions are compounded with greatest care, and accuracy is always guaranteed, and confi- -dence in the skill and ability of this experienced pharmacist is always justified. Mr. Hanover is a native of New Haven, and established himself in business here in 1878. He is an energetic, progressive business man, and his worth has met with recognition in a large and growing patronage. William Schnabel, Manufacturer and Repair- er of all kinds of Musical Instruments, 758 Chapel Street. — Notably proficient in the art of music and skilled in the manufacture of .musical instruments of every description, Mr. William Schnabel has found ample scope for his energy and ability in a wide range of work in New Ha- ven, during the ixist six years. During this pe- riod he has been successfully engaged in business in this city in the manufacture and repairing of musical instruments of every description, and his work has fully attested his worth in every par- ticular. His establishment is located al No. 758 Chapel street, where he has every facility and the requisite ability to execute in the most satis- factory manner all commissions for the repair and tuning of musical instruments, string, reed and wind, Hud the best possible results are ob- tained by placing orders with this reliable ex- pert. Mr. Schnabel is a German by birth and his education in musical art and his experience in the manufacture of instruments have eminently ■qualified him for the successful prosecution of his avocation, and the important proportions his trade has assumed is a just tribute to his techni- cal skill and business worth. D. Ackley & Son, Fish and Oysters, 24 Con- gress Avenue. — Prominent among the enterpris- ing business houses of New Haven is the firm of DT Ackley & Son, whose place of business is at ^4 Congress Avenue. The business was estab- lished in 1879, and has grown rapidly and stead- ily from its inception. Their dealings combine both wholesale and retail transactions, goods be- ing shipped as far as Hartford and Springfield, while a large retail business is done in New Ha- ven and vicinity. They carry a very large stock -of fish and oysters, everything being of the best quality whicli can be selected by the long expe xience of the firm. The firm is constituted of Mr. Daniel Ackley and Mr. Fred Ackley, his son. The senior mem- ber is a native of Haddam, Conn. The junior member of the firm, Mr. Fred Ackley, was born in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1860. They are both very popular socially. Among the many varieties of fish handled we will mention, Halibut, Haddock, Cod, Perch- both sail and fresh— Eels, Salmon, Oysters, Clams, Scollops, Crabs, Lobsters, etc., etc. All orders by telephone will be filled promptly. Jacob F. Sheiffele, Retail Dealer in first qual- ity Beef, Pork, Mutton, Lamb, Veal, Sausages, Vegetables, etc.. Poultry and Game in their sea- sous. No. 409 State Street.— Among the many stores in this section of the city devoted to the Provision business, that of Jacob F. Sheiffele de- serves special mention as being one of the most popular in this line of trade. The business was established by Mr. Sheiffele in 1865. He is well-known as an extensive re- tail dealer in all kinds of Meals and Poultry, be- sides Vegetables in their season. He carries a complete stock of everything in his line, which will merit commendation on inspection. His goods are purchased from first hands and on such advantageous terms as to enable him to furnish his customers with their supplies at the lowest bottom prices. Mr. Sheiffele gives his entire time and personal attention to the interests of his patrons. He oc- cupies a large store 100x20 feet in dimensions, lo- cated at 409 State street. He has three compe- tent assistants, who give their prompt and courteous attention to all customer, 'n a business- like manner. Mr. Sheiffele was born in Germany in 1832, and is highly esteemed for his industry, enter- prise and sterling business qualities. "Athenaeum Dining Rooms," W. J. Skinner, Manager, 65 C:enter Street.— We would call the especial attention of our readers to the establish^^ ment known as the "Athenceum Dining Rooms," so ably managed by Mr. W. .J. Skinner, at No. 65 Center street. These rooms were opened m 1876, and the present management assumed con- trol January 1st, and has infused new life into the enterprise and made his energy and practical knowledge felt throughout the establishment. A floor and basement 80x20 feet each are occu- pied, and the place is fitted up in a tasteful and convenient manner for the comfort of patrons. Trained and courteous waiters are employed and all orders are tilled in the quickest manner which is compatible with the toothsomeness of the dish served. The very best that the market affords is used, and as only skillful and experienced cooks are employed, guests are assured that it is no fault of the management if they fail to make a satisfactory meal there at most reasonable prices, a first-class dinner being served for 25 cents. Mr. Skinner is a native of New York city, but has resided bee for thirty years, and has made many friends since he became manager of these popular dining rooms. He is a member of the G. A. R. and Knights of Pythias, and is well and favorably known throughout the com- munity. 166 LI^ABINO BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN A. A. Kellogg, Headquarters for Sportsmen's Goods, Nos. 500 State Street, and '6 Elm Street. — This business was established in 1810 by Messrs. Duntzee & Jaynes and after several changes came under the management of the pres ent proprietor, Mr. A. A. Kellogg in 1867. It is safe to say that this is one of the oldest, if not tJie oldest, in the city, and it has sustained a large annuall}' increasing trade since its present pro- prietor assumed control and its success has been phenomenal, owing to his fine management and thorough experience in all its minutest details. Tlie premises occupied for trade purposes are lo- cated at Nos. 506 State and 3 Elm streets, and comprise two flooi's, covering an area of 90x30 feet. The trade is of both a wholesale and retail character. These premises are stocked with a large and complete line of everything in the way of sportsmen's goods, and carries the largest stock of breech-loading guns and fishing tackle in the State. Key fitting and bell hanging is also a feature with this house and all orders are at- tended to in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Three polite and attentive assistants are em- ployed and all are treated in a courteous manner. Ml*. Kellogg is a native of New Hartford, (Con- necticut, and has long been identified with New Haven, where he has built up a business, one of the largest of its kind in the State, and regarded as a reliable and representative house, being a credit to the industries of tlie city. He is also well known as an expert on guns and is familiar with every detail of the business. Eagle Drug Store, Deutsche Apotheke, 450 Congress Avenue, New Haven. — One of the largest and most extensive drug houses iu this section of the city is that of the "Eagle Drug Store " (Deutsche Apotheke) located at No. 450 Congress avenue. The foundation of the business was laid two years ago by the present manager, John A. ]\liller. The store covers an area of 24x50 feet, and is neatly and attractively fitted up, being well stocked with every variety of drugs, patent medicines, toilet articles, etc. Prescriptions are carefully and accurately com pounded, every detail being under the supervis- ion of Ernst Wadewitz— who has had "fifteen years experience. Mr. Miller is a native of New Haven. Both are gentlemen of experience and judgment, being fully capable of attending to the wants of their many customers Prompt- ness in the execution of all orders and the re- liability of Mr. IMiller has secured for him an en- viable reputation throughout the community, and the indications are favorable towards the complete success this young house deserves. Elm City Suspender Co., Manufacturers of Suspenders, Stocking Supporters and Armlets, No. 365 State Street.— This house, though found- ed so late as 1881, has already acquired a name and reputation for manufacturing first-class goods. The factory being thoroughly equipped with the latest improvements for the successful prosecution of their trade. Mr. H. Machol was the founder of tbe business, wliich in 1882 came under the management which it enjoys at pres- ent, Mr. Henry Hertz, who called it the "Elm City Suspender Co." The premises occupied are located at No. 365 State street, and consist of one floor 60x20 feet in di- mensions, employ- ment being gives to eight skilled hands. The goods manufactured con- sist of all kinds of suspenders, gents' garters and arm elastics, and the celebrated automat- ic brace and spinal support. All orders being promptly fill- ed at short notice and most reason- able prices. All goods being found to excel in execu- tion, finish and design. Mr. Hertz is a native of Strasburg, Germany, and is a gentleman of busi- ness ability and integritj', well and favorably known throughout the city. From personal in- spection we say that this house is entirely worthy the patronage of our readers, and they ask no better recommendation for their goods than parties who have purchased them are willing to furnish. H. H. Blake, Dealer in Crockery, Glass, Tin and Wooden Ware, 756 State Street. — Largely engaged iu the above-mentioned line of business, including crockery, glass, tin and wooden-ware, kerosene oil, lamps, etc., whose establishment is one of the most complete of its kind in this sec- tion of New Haven, we find Mr. H. H. Blake located at No. 756 State street. This house was established in 1871 by Mr. Blake. The premises occupied consist of a fine store 70x20 feet in di- mensions, also a basement and storehouse. The display of goods includes, besides those already mentioned, a large stock of fancy goods and toys, stoves, etc., and in addition to this business he also carries on quite a large coal and wood trade. The beauty and variety in all the differ- ent departments of this business must be seen to be fully appreciated, and we would advise all our readers to examine the goods contained in this establishment before concluding purchases elsewhere. Mr. Blake is a native of Watertown, Conn., and is thoroughly experienced in all the details of his business. He is polite and atten- tive to all and is well-fitted by long experience for successfully carrying on the business, and well deserves the confidence, consideration and esteem he enjoys, which has resulted in a large trade throughout this section. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 167 J. H. Kearney, Dealer in Groceries, Provisions and Fruits, 74 and 76 Con,£;res3 Avenue. — Anioni!; the many popular ent rprises of the rity of New Haven which bear the marks of increasing pros perity is the establishment of Mr. J. H. Kear ney, located at Nos. 74 and 76 Congress avenue, corner of Hill street. The proprietor established himself here in 1872 and has conducted the busi ness -with success. The premises occupied com- prise a double store, large and commodious, in which eight employes attend to the wants of cus- tomers in a prompt manner. The stock carried is large and select. Mr. Kearney is possessed of intimate relations wiih shippers, importers and producers, and the clioicest groceries will be found in his stock. The greatest care is exer- cised in procuring the goods, and they may be re- lied upon for freshness and purity. A full suiiply is also carried of provisions, fruits and vegetables. New goods are also con- stantly arriving. ]\Ir. Kearney was born in Northampton, Mass., and by strict attention to the wants of his custo mers he now commands a trade of $100,000 per year, and has become eminently popular with his host of patrons. A. O. Blenner & Co., Manufacturers of All Kinds of Pickles, Sauces, Oils, Mustards, Vine- gar, Hor.-e Hadish, Laundry Blue, etc., 141 State Street. — It has been truly said that "hunger is the best sauce," l)ut in tliese days of plenty, less inconvenient means of stimulating the appe'ite are resorted to by all classes and conditions. In- deed, no menu in our day is complete without condiments, and the degree of perfection at- tained in the manufacture of pickles, sauces, etc., has made these articles of food among the most important items in the bills of fare of modern times. Among the extensive manufacturers of wholesale dealers in this class of merchandise, and table delicacies in New England is the well- known firm of A. C. Blenner & Co. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1878, and from the beginning the business has been con- ducted with unvarying success under the pres- ent firm name and style. The premises comprise a large five-story build- ing, fully supplied with machinery and appli ances for the manufacture of pickles, sauce;-, oils, mustards, jellies, catsup, vinegar, horse radish, laundry blue, etc., operated by steam power, anary machinery being 20 horse- power. Employment is given to forty men and everything in and about Ihe works indicates a most flourishing and prosperous business. The elder Mr. Stannard is a native of Clinton, Mid- dlesex county, Conn., but for the past forty years has been a resident of New Haven. His son, who is a native of New Haven, is well and favorably known through a large circle of friends and acquaintances. The business done is mostly confined to Con- necticut, although some orders are received from parties outside the State. A. W. Flint, Elm City Livery, Board and Feeding Stables. 684 Chapel Street.— The Elm City Livery and Boarding Stables, the largest and most complete in New Haven, was estab- lished about twgnty years ago by Mr. E. E. Bris- tol, and HI 1885 Mr. A. W. Flmt became pro- prietor. In connection Avith his large livery business Mr. Flint conducts a large trade in horses and carriages, sleighs, harnesses and all kinds of horse furnishings and turf goods. He occupies for business purposes two floors of his large Imilding, 60x100 feet in dimensions, and has for livery and sale purposes fifty horses and forty coupes, hacks, and other vehicles. Teams are supplied at short notice and special rates are made for weddings, funerals and private parties, and orders by telephone have prompt attention. Horses are boarded and cared for in the most satisfactory manner, and the prices charged are uniformly reasonable. The turnouts of Mr. Flint are as stylish and serviceable as any in New England, and in every particular Ihe stable is a model of completeness and good manage- ment. Those desiring to purchase found horses or fine carriages for any purpose find in Mr. Flint a most reliable and responsible party with whom to deal, and his facilities for supplying every thing in his line at lowest margin above actual cost are all that could be desired. Everything offered is new and firdt-class and is invariably warranted as represented and the full- est confidence in the business worth and honor- able methods of this representative business man is always justified. Mr. Flint is a Connecticut man by birth and enjoys the esteem and regard of all with whom he is brought into business relations. The sta- bles are under the personal supervision of Mr. H. S. Spencer, a gentleman of long experience in the business and very popular with the public. J. J. Kraft (successor to Kraft Brothers), Mer- chant Tailor, 26 Center Street. — If honorable business methods, integrity and a determination to give value for value are features deserving of success, there are surely few business men more justly entitled to prosperity than Mr. J. J. Kraft, merchant tailor, who, for the past year on his own account, and since 1873 as a member of the firm of Kraft Brothers, has been successfully en- gaged in business in New Haven. Eligibly located at No. 26 Center street, Mr. Kraft's premises comprise an area of 30x80 feet, and his rooms are admirably adapted for his purposes, and models of taste and completeness n their appointments. Twelve thoroughly experienced and capable cutters and tailors are employed on the prem ises, and a large amount of work is performed outside, the extensive business developed requir- ing a large number of employes. The stock of piece goods offered to the public fromwhiinds are employed. Three teams are kept busy filling orders through- out the city and suburbs. Tiiis is a regular or- ganized company. Mr. George O. Knapp, how- ever, being the manager and only active partner. Jrle is a native of South Norwalk, Conn., and is a gentleman well fitted to fill the responsible po- sition he occupies. This firm is destined to attain a prominence accorded only to those whose transactions are based on a strict adherence to the rules of fair, honorable and squaie dealing. The stores are both centrally located, and have telephone con- nection. A. H. Hurlburt, Real Estate, Room 2, No. 63 Church Street. — One of the most activ. and successful real estate dealers in New Haven is Mr. A. H. Hurlburt. This gentleman is a succes- sor to Mr. H. C. Long, who started business in 1876 and was succeeded by Mr. Hurlburt in 1885. An office 35x20 feet in dimensions is occupied and a large business is done. A special feature is the negotiation of loans, a department to which he gives liis most careful personal atten- tion and in which, owing the very extensive ac- quaintance among capitalists and other investors which lie enjoys and the confidence which is justly reposed in liis discretion and integrity, he has been eminently successful. He has made a most careful and exhaustive study of the con- ditions which influence and govern the value of real estate in New Haven and vicinity and his advice has often been the means of saving his clients from severe loss from injudicious invest- ments. Particular attention is given to the care of property and the collection of rents. Mr. Hurlburt is extremely popular in the city and has been a member of the Common Council. D. Shepard, M. D., Apothecary, West Haven. — This very attractive and complete pharmacy was established by Dr. Shepard over twenty years ago, and under his able management it has been from the beginning the principal and popu- lar source of drug and medicine supply for the residents of this flourishing suburban town. The store room and laboratory are very at- tractively and tastefully arranged and the stock is kept fresh, full and reliable. The purest drugs and chemicals, all reputable, proprietary reme- dies and preparations and a very select assort- ment of toilet requisites are kept on hand and are supplied at city prices, and the business, for which Dr. Shepard's medical education and prac- tice have peculiarly fitted him has attained most LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 183 important proportions. Prescriptions are com- poun(ied witli most scrupulous care and it goes ■without saying that liis successful career as_ a physician and surgeon in West Haven has in- spired fullest contidenee in his skill as a pharma- cist. Dr. Shepard is a native of Newtown, Conn., and graduated from the medical department of Yale'CoUege in 1864. since which time he has * been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession. lie has long lield a prominent place among the medical faculty of this section, and in professional as in business and private life, he is held in highest esteem. For convenience of the public the store is connected by telephone. W. N. Robbins, Dealer in Meats, Fish, Poul try, Lard, etc., Vegetables in their Season, West- ville. — As successor to the firm of Hotchkiss & Robbins, of which he was the junior member, and who established the business here in 1863, Mr. W. N. Robbins is conducting the principal meat, fish and provision market in Westville. From its inception, this atraciive establishment has been the popular source of food supply for the people of this tovvn and vicinity, and under existing management its prestige and patronage is fully sustained. The premises are commodious and comprise two floors of the large building, and the estab- lishment uniformly presents a most inviting ap- pearance. The choicest, fresh and sweet meats and fish, the best brands of canned goods, and poultry, lai d and vegetables and produce of stand- ard excellence are always obtainable here at low prices, and orders are filled with dispatch, and goods promptly deliven d free of charge. Mr. Robbins is nothing if not a reliable and enterprising man of business, and is a recognized leader of successful mercantile enterprise in this pla e. He is a native of Westville, and is one of her most responsible merchants and estimable citizens. O. G. Earle's Popular Price Store, 46 Church Street, Cor. Crown.— One of our most important stores in the jewelry trade is the neat and at- tractive jewelry store of C. G. Earle's, well- known throughout the city as "Earle's Popular Price Store," located at No. 46 Church street, cor. Crown street. This business was estab- lished in 1883 by the present proprietor. The store is 30x60 feet in size, and well arranged with elegant show windows, neat show cases and counters, and presents a very attractive and Metropolitan appearance. Tlie stock has been carefully selected and comprises white stone ear drops, lace pins, collar buttons, finger rings, scarf pins of all qualities and prices, sleeve but- tons, watch chains and charms, bracelets, pocket knives, etc. All are sold at popular prices and eveiythinff warranted as represented and marked in plain figures Mr. Earle is a native of New York city and is well-known as a business man, pnd his popular store, wliich is very near the post-office, Church street, cor. Crown, is increasing the number of its patrons rapidly and is well known throughout the city and suburbs as "Earle's Popular Price .Store." J. J, Tiemey's Fine Photographic and Art Gallery, 775 Chapel Street.— This business was first established at the present location, in 1875, as a crayon business; Mr. Tieruey embracing photography in 1883. Crayons, however, are a specialty with Mr. Tierney, being a fine artist himself. The premises comprise two floors, well lighted, neatly fitted and thoroughly equipped with all the unproved appliances for taking life like pho- tographs and doing first-class artistic work. The pictures in his gsdlery are a sufficient recommen- dation of his ability to give satisfaction to all who may favor him with iheir patronage. Mr. Tierney does first-class work at low prices. We commend him to all desiring life like portraits. His pictures will be found in many of the resi- dences of this section, and his reputation as an artist is not confined to this State. C. H. Conway, Druggist, No. 305 Grand Av., Cor. Blatchley Ave.— This is one of the leading pharmacies in Fair Haven, and is one of the most attractive features of the principal thoroughfare of this section. It was established by the present proprietor. Mr. C. H. Conway, in June, 1884, and from the beginning has been conducted with mnrked ability and decided success The store is 30 x 40 feet m dimensions, with laboratory in the rear, and the establishment is throughout complete and attractive. The stock is always maintained fresh and complete, and includes everythinir desirable in drugs and chem- icals of standard excellence, a full line of reput- able proprietary remedies and preparations, and an elegant assortment of toilet requisites and fancy articles. Two competent clerks are em- ployed in the business, and prompt and courte- ous attention always awaits customers. In the compounding ot prescriptions, the utmost care is observed to secure accuracy, and in all things Mr. Ccmway and his assistants are reliable and obliging. Mr. Conway is a Vermont man by birth, and is an expert in eVery detail of his business. Joseph Molloy, Dealer in Groceries and Pro- visions, 35 St. John Street.— Among the many houses in New Haven that have for many years carried a superior grade of groceries and provis- ions, that of Joseph Molloy, located at No. 35 St John street deserves special mention. This gentleman established himself in this business fourteen years ago, and has by energy and perse- verance attaine(i the position he now occupies among the, business men of New Haven. His store is large and admirably arranged for his trade, having all necessary facilities for carrying on the business. Courteous and obliging sales- men are employed, while the stock comprises all kinds of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, etc., and a full line of fresh meats, includ- ing fine cuts of beef, mutton, lamb, pork, etc., also poultry and fresh vegetables in their season, his fiicilities for furnishing choice goods being unsurpassed in this section of the city. Mr. Molloy is an energetic gentleman of long experi- rience in his business and well deserves his suc- cess. 184 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. F. F. Gesaer, Dealer in Choice Beef, Mutton, Lamb, Veal, Pork, Hams and Sausages, 112 Congress Ave. — A call at the establishment of a first-class dealer in meats and vegetables would show from whence is distributed a goodly share of the meat consumed in the city, and one who was not familiar with the large extent of Mr. Gesner's business would probably wonder how he would ever dispose of all the meat which is to be seen there. The visitor would observe choice lamb, beef, mutton, veal, pork, hams, sausages in almost endless profusion, as well as fresh veg- etables of all the varieties peculiar to the season. Capacious refrigerators contain the meat in the warmer weather, and they are so scientifically arranged that a very low temperature can be attained and kept, while their perfect drainage and ventilation render it impossible for the meat to contract any odor or taint whatever during the time it is confined therein. But, admirable as the means are within his store to preserve the freshness ot his goods, Mr. Gesner is not satisfied to do no more, but with a determination to serve his customers in the very best manner which modern invention, without regard to expense, affords, which is characteristic of the man, he has procured no less than three refrigerator wagons, constructed on the most approved prin- ciples, and in these wagons brings his meats to his customers' houses, fresh and sweet as if it had never left his store; thus affording them an oppor- tunity to make their seleciions at their own door and, if they desire, have their beef in the oven almost before it is fairly off the ice. It is unnec- essary to add that his trade is not only very large but increasing. Mr. Gesner, who was born in Rockland, N.Y., started his business in 1881. He has a large force of competent and polite employees, and is greatly esteemed by a large circle of friends. S. H. Cruttenden, Livery, Hack, Boarding and Sales Stables, 137, 139 and 141 Union St.— A first-class livery stable is an adjunct to every city, no matter bow small or unimportant it may be, which must be regarded as indispensable. But in a city of such size, importance and com- mercial activity as New Haven, the necessity for such establishments is increased a hundred-fold ; and, at any rate, it is only proper that it should and, indeed, New Haven is unusually well provided in this regard, not only with respect to the number of such institutions, but in regard to their hiah standing and reliability. Among those concerns occupying a foremost position in this line, mention must be made of that conducted by Mr. S. H. Cruttenden, at Nos. 137, 139 and 14*1 Union street. A stylish liorse and a natty vehicle is what most people insist upon when they have decided to take a drive, whether engaged on business or pleasure, and Mr Cruttenden's stables is just the place where such a desideratum can always be obtained. His stables are spacious, clean and commodious, and cover an area meas- uring 160 X 100 feet. Here are housed no less than seventy-five as choice specimens of horse- flesh as can be found anywhere in New Haven; while in his carriage room, upward of a hundred and fifty vehicles of every description, from the unpretentious two-wheeled buggy or cutter- sleigh, up to the private and aristocratic-looking- brougham or landau. The business now carried on by Mr. Cruttenden was originally set on foot in 1861, by Messrs. Joslin & Wilcox, who, seven years later, were succeeded by Mr. C. E. Cruttenden. Mr. S. H. Cruttenden, however, did not become connected with the firm until 1874, when a Mr. Carter became associated with him. He retired, how- ever, in November, 1886, since which time the- style of the firm has been as at present. The establishment, under his fostering care and atten- tion, has become a representative one, and Mr. Cruttenden fnlly deserves the success which he- has attained in the business. The Stafford Printing Co., 86 to 90 Crown Street. — For more than half a century this house has been a leading one in its line of industrial enterprise in New Haven, and under present management its old time prestige and repute have^ been more than maintained. The enterprise was inaugurated so far back as 1828 and continued for many years by Mr. Tliomas Stafford, and in 1881 the present company was organized to con- tinue the business on a more extended scale. The very extensive and complete printing estab- lishment of The Stafford Company is located at 86 to 90 Crown street, and comprises two floors of the large building 35x90 feet each in dimen- sions. The presses, appliances and equipment of the offices are in every regard complete and. adequate for the best printing and binding work, the machinery being driven by steam-power. The stock of type includes all the latest styles in favor for book and commercial printing of every description, and the work turned out of this es- tablishment is unsurpassed for style and general excellence, and prices are uniformly the lowest consistent with first class workmanship. A force of tweilty skilled compositors, press- men and binders are employed in this business, and orders for all kinds of work are executed with dispatch and in the most satisfactory man- ner, and the utmost confidence is always inspired by the worth and methods of the management. Mr. Samuel A. York is the president, and Mr. J. J. Osborn, Jr., is the efficient secretary and treasurer of the company. Henry S. Higby, Yale Pharmacy, 1130 Chapel, cor. York St.— One of the most attractive and popular business establishments in the City of New Haven is the drug stoie of Mr. Henry S. Higby, better known as the Yale Pharmacy, located at No. 1130 Chapel, corner of York St. This house was established in 1881 by Mr. Higby, who has had many years' experience. For his prescription trade, of which he makes a specialty, he is always supplied with the fresh- est and purest drugs, and the prescription depart- ment is under his personal supervision. He oc- cupies a tastily arranged store, which is doing a very large trade in toilet articles, fancy goods, and patent medicines, and the excellent stock and favorable prices causes an increase of trade from year to year. Mr. Higby is a native of Milford, Ct. He ha& taken all the degrees among the Odd Fellows, and has a high social standing as well as an envi- able business career. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 185 P. J. Kelly & Co., New York Furniture Store, 831 and 823 Grand Avenue.— It is in this work our intention to mention those houses which are the representatives of tbeir special line of trade. One of the leading establishments in the furni- ture trade in this section of New Haven may be named that of P. J. Kelly & Co., whose sales- rooms are situated at Nos. 821 and 823 Grand avenue. This business was established in 1882 by Mr. Kelly, wbo is a thoroughly practical man and possesses an intimate knowledge of every de- tail and feature of the furniture trade. The warerooms are spacious and attractive and con- tain a splendid assortment of parlor, chamber, dining room and kitchen furniture, carpets, bed- ding of every description, pictures, etc. These goods are celebrated for quality and elegance. Their parlor sets are in every style and the car- pets include the choicest patterns in Brusselis, tapestries, three ply ingrain, etc., and all quali- ties and styles of oil cloths can be found here in great profusion, while the prices are within the reach of all. The terms are of the most liberal character, presenting to ail an opportunity of ob- taining what they require for housekeeping on special credit The ui^right and reliable character of Mr. Kelly's dalings has secured the representative position which he now occupies. New Haven Pipe Co., New England Agents for Ohio and Rochester Vitrified Pipe; also man- ufacturers of, and dealers in, Cement, Well and Ohimney Pipe. OfHce 963 Grand Avenue. — In •connection with his important business as Secre- tary and Treasurer of the New Haven Invest- ment Company, and as one of the leading real estate agents in this city, Mr. W. J. Atwater ias for eighteen years past conducted the busi- ness of the New Haven Pipe Company in this place. The enterprise was inaugurated over twenty yea>s ago by Messrs. Atwater& Ferriss, and their trade in the celebrated O lio and Rochester Vitri- fied Pipe, for which the house are the New Eng- land agents, as well as Cement, Well and Chim- ney Pipe of their own manufacture, has, under able management, attained most important pro- portions. Tiie facilities of the concern for supplying every desirable article in their line at small mar- gins above cost of production, are ample, and among contractors, plumbers, and sanitary en- gineers in this section, the house is recognized as a desirable source of supply. Mr. Atwater's office is at 962 Grand avenue, and all business of the Pipe Co. passes through his hands, all orders have prompt attention, and reliance can always be placed in his punctuality and busint'ss worth. Those desiring either to buy or sell real estate find in Mr. Atwater a thoronghly reliable agent, and in his accuracy and integrity clients can uni- formly depend. The best possible opportunities for safe and profitable investment in reliable securities are offered by the New Haven Invest ment Co., whose business is entirely confided to his energetic and competent manager. The New Haven Pipe Company's warehouse is 100 feet squnre in dimensions, and the stock in trade is always equal to any emergency, being sufficient for all immediate demands. Twelve clerks, etc., are employed in the business, and in the hands of Mr. Atwater the trade of the con- cern ai d the reputation of the old house have been maintained unimpaired. Mr. Atwater is a native of New Haven, and has served with ability as Alderman, member of Council, Police Commissioner and Board of Pub- lic Works. The Yale Caster Co., Manufacturers of the Yale Caster, Gem Stove Truck and Hardware Specialties, New Haven. — Famous among the dealers of hardware specialties, for the superior quality of its product, the Yale Caster Co. has for years commanded a large trade among the wholesale hardware merchants and jobbers of the country, and it is at this time one of the prominent and successful industries of New Ha- ven. The valuable plant of the company comprises the best improved machinery driven by steam, and thirty skilled workmen are employed in the manufficture of the famous Yale Casters, Gem Stove Trucks and other hardware specialties of which this concern is the sole manufacturer and patentee. The output is large and the goods of the company are steadily gaining in favor, as their merits become known. rhe offices of the company are: President, C. Spencer; Vice President, S. Osborn; Secretary and Treasurer, M. B. Scheuck; Superintendent, W. W. Abbott. They are all men of excellent business qualifi- cations and high standing in the commtniity, and at home and abroad the company stands high in the regard of the trade as one of the responsible, representative manufacturing concerns of New England. J. W. T. Tuttle, Broadway Bakery, 11 Broad- way. — J W. T. Tuttle, the well-known baker at No. 11 Broadway, New Haven, succeeded to what is known as the "Broadway Bakery," in 1882, and has from the first been very successful in building up a substantial trade in the neigh- borhood in bread, cakes and paltry, being sole agent for P. Ferry's well known goods for this part of the city. The premises occupied consist of a floor, 25x70 feet in dimensions. Two ex- pert hands are employed. Mr. Tuttle carries a fine stock in all branches of his business, and is prepared to supply cus'omers at short notice, and satisfaction guaranteed as to both quality and price. Mr. Tuttle is a native of New Haven and has a high reputation and standing in this community, and his store is largely patronized by families in this section who appreciate first-class bread, cake and pastry. 186 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Walter A. Main, Insurance and Real Ebtate, Main Street, West Haven.— A native of the town and thoroughly tamiliar with localities and values of real estate in this section, Mr. W. A. Main has for several years conducted with signal sue cess a flourishing real estate and insurance busi- ness in West Haven. The location, at corner of Main and Campbell streets, is a very desirable one, and the facilities of this enterprising young businessman for meet- ing all requirements in his line are ample in every particular. He buys, sells and leas' s prop- erty, negotiates loans, collects rents, effects in- surance, and generally superintends the manage- ment of estates, making prompt returns to cli- ents and at uniformly low rates of commission. He has listed a large number of desirable town and country properties, which he offers at ad vantageous prices and most accommodating terms, and those who contemplate either selling or investing would do well to consult this suc- cessful agent. Mr. Main represents the German-American and other time-tried fire insurance companies, and insures personal and real estate at lowest rates of premium. He is always reliable, vigilant and energetic, and is a desirable business agent in every particular. Mr. Main is the Tax Collector of West Haven, and is one of the estimable and influential citizens of the town. Mr. Main has a number of very desirable lots at Savin Rock, at low prices, and those desiring to purchase shore property would do well to con- sult him. He represents the German American Ins. Co, of N. Y., whose assets of $5,000,000 show it to be one of the most successful companies in the United States. Willis G. Judson, Dealer in First Class Gro- ceries, Fine Butter, Cheese, Tea, Coffee and Spices, 480 Chapel Street.— Mr. Willis G. Jud- son is a gentleman of good sound business qual- ities and is prominent in this branch of trade. The premises occupied by him are commodious, being 15x40 feet in size, located at 480 Chapel street. He carries a full stock of first class gro- ceries, among which are to be found choice teas, coffees and the best imported spices, also fiije butter, cheese, etc., the best brands of flo'ir and all the delicacies and stnple commodities Known to the trade, and for quality and freshness the stock carried by Mr. Judson has no superior in this city. He is an energ'itic, enterprising busi- ness man, who thoroughly understands every de- tail of the business and his lacilities for purchas- ing are such as to enable him to supply the de- mands of his customers at the shortest notice and at very reasonable prices. His patrons feel confident that their orders will receive the same prompt attention when sent by their children or servants as if personally de- livered by themselves. Mr. Judson established his grocery business in 1879 and has met with merited success from the first. He is a native of New Haven, Conn., and was a member of the Board of Aldermen four years, lioad Commissioner one term and Justice of the Peace six years. His upright business dealings, together with the several public offices held by him, has made him favorably known. Rourke Brothers, Successors to T. P. Rourke. Practical Plumbers and Gas Fitters. Dealers ia Stoves, Furnaces and Ranges, 670 Grand Avenue, As improving the sanitary condition of the peo- ple, the occupation of the plumber, apart from the general usefulness of their work, become*- one of the most important industries of all cities- and towns. Among those in New Haven who are recog- nized as masters of their art, the firm name of Rourke Brothers holds a prominent place, and their services are called into constant requisi- tion, on work of the most important character. The business was inaugurated by Mr. T. P. Rourke in 1881, and five years later the found- er of the enterprise associated with himself his- brother, Mr. E. A. Rourke. Both of the mem- bers of the firm are expert, practical plumbers- and gas fitters, and the house has every facility for executing all work in their line in the most scientific and satisfactory manner. The Messrs. Rourke occupy two floors of the large building at No. 670 Grand avenue, eacli 25x70 feet in size. They carry a very extensive assortment of stoves, furnaces, ranges and tin and sheet iron ware, and supply the most desirable merchandise of this description at most reasonable prices. They also fill orders for tin and sheet iron work with dispatch, and a guarantee of satisfaction as to- prices and quality of merchandise and workman- ship is always given. Nine competent work- men are employeii by the firm, and the liouse is- daily growing in favor and its patronage steadily increasing. The Messrs. Rourke were both born in New Haven, and are widely known and universally esteemed for their business and personal worth. Robert Lutz, Dealer in Choice Beef, Mutton,. Lamb, etc.. No. 161 Crown Street.— A provision store which is a favorite with New Haven citi- zens is that conducted by Mr. Robert Lutz at No. 161 Crown street. The business was started in 1885, and its success has been pronounced and well-merited. Mr. Lutz has a fine retail trade throughout the city, and is establishing a reputa- tion lor desirable goods and honorable dealing. Choice beef is always to be found at this store at the lowest market price, and mutton is also kept in large quantity. Mr. Lutz makes a specialty of game, of which all kinds is kept in their season, and offered at the very lowest figures possible. Vegetables are also in stock in profu- sion, as well as lamb and veal, everything being of the best quality. Mr. Lutz has shown himself to be an enterpris- ing business man by the way in which he ha& managed his business, and he has already secured, many regular customers, who have found his- goods to be strictly as represented in every in- stance. His store is very nicely fitted up, perfect cleanliness and order being observable every- where, and the large and varied stock disposed of to the best possible advantage. A number of" courteous and agreeable assistants are employed by Mr. Lutz, and nothing whatever is left undone- which his experience can suggest, that will en- hance the comfort and convenience of his patrons, and scrupulous care is taken not to offer tor sale any meat which is not what it should be in all respects. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 18T Jacob P. Richards, Dealer in Cbuico Beef, Miiiton, Lamb, Veal, Pork, Hams and Sausages, 426 State Street.— 'I'his enterprising house vas eslablished in 1857, by the present proprietor Jacob P. Richards, who has gained popularity among the leading families of llie city. The premists are located at No. 426 State street, and consist of one floor, 80 x 20 feet in dimensions, and care- fully stocked with a large assortment of beef, mutton, lamb, veal, pork, hams and sausages; also poultry, game and vegetables. A number of hands are given steady employment, and the trade is both wholesale and retail, extending through the city and suburbs. Mr. Jacob P. Richards possesses every advan- tage, as regards experience. All provisions will be found Tresh, and are unsurpassed by those of other establishments ; this is due to the great care of this gentleman in the selection of his stock. Mr. Jacob P. Richards was born in Germany, and is a gentleman well known in private life. He is caplain of City Guards, 2d Regiment. L. G. Hoadley, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in Confectionery. Proprietor of the Eclipse Cough Drop, 170 and 172 Meadow St.— Noticeable among the manufacturers of confec- tionery in this city, we find Mr. L. G. Hoadley, located at Nos. 170 and 172 Meadow street. He occupies for his business a fine store and factory, admirably arranged and equipped for the manu- facture of all kinds of pure confectionery. He is the sole proprietor and manufacturer of the cele- brated "Eclipse Cough Drop," of which large quantities are manufactured and sold to the trade. Mr. Hoadley established his business in 1879, and has, during his business career, built up a flourishing trade and gained the confidence of the public by his integrity, fair dealing and close application to business. We feel confident in commending this estab- lishment, as one where only pure goods are man- ufactured, and where prices are as low as any throughout the city or vicinity. Employment is given to several capable assist- ants, and altogether the trade is very extensive. Mr. Hoadley is a native of Connecticut, and is a gentleman whose knowledge and experience en- ables him to meet all the wants of the business. W. S. Horton, Dentist, 838 Chapel Street.— The popular dental establishment of Mr. W. S. Horton, located at No. 838 Chapel street, deserves particular notice. He has been established since 1878, and has gained a high reputation. The location is convenient and the premises commo- dious. The parlor is handsomely and appro- priately furnished, and the operating-room is provided with the best appliances for the render- ing of satisfactory service. Mr. Horton attends to all branches of dentistry, extracting, filling and manufacturing teeth, and employs his talents in all directions where skill is necessary. His work is always of the most per- fect character, and Mr. Horton will be found reliable, prompt, and accurate in the fulfillment of orders, and his prices are very moderate and suited to the means of all. Mr. Horton is a native of Westfield, Mass., and is a gentleman of enterprise and energy. James E. Kelley, Sole Agent for Applying^ Warren's Improved Fire and Water-proof Gravel Roofing, Residence, 110 Davenport Ave., near Howard Ave. ; Office, 13 State Street. — A most conspicuous example of success in business is- that afforded by Mr. James E. Kelley, his office- being at 13 State street. Mr. Kelley was first associated with Warren Bros, in New York city, in 1852, but in 1865 he removed to New Haven^ and entered into business independently, meeting: with immediate and most gratifying success, and constantly enlarging and widening the scope of his business until it readied its present extended proportions, two floors being now occupied, each. 100 X 30 feet, besides a yard^SO x 30 feet. A specialty is made of handling Warren's im- proved fire and water-proof giavel roofing, but many other varieties of roofing are also dealt in largely, such as the "Beeiiive" brand felt, cement and gravel roofing, improved two and three-ply prepared roofing, English felt roofing, asbestos and native Trinidad asphalt roofing, etc., etc. Much is also done in the way of water proof flooring, such as is required in breweries, stables, packing houses, etc., and vaults and cellars are made perfectly dry and water-tight. Careful and prompt attention is given to orders by mail, and they may be addressed either to Mr. Kelley'& office at 13 State street, or to his residence, which, is at 110 Davenport ave. A wholesale, retail and jobbing business is- done, and employment is given to ten hands- constantly. In the long course of Mr. Kelley's bii.^iuess experience, orders have been filled for many prominent persons and business bouses,, and the long list of unimpeachable references in New Haven and vicinity, which Mr. Kelley shows by permission of those referred to, shows how the work has been done. Among them may be mentioned: Hon. H. B. Bigelow, Hon. John. M. Leeds, Mr. M. Armstrong and Mr Chas. A. White, all of New Haven, ami the Union Metallic Cartridge Co., the Wheeler & Wilson Mfg. Co.,. the Howe Sewing Machine Co. , the Bridgeport Malleable Iron Co. and the Marcelin Chemical Co., Bridgeport concerns. H. C. Goodwin, Dealer in Country Produce,. Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Stalls 4 and 6, City Mar- ket. — In consequence of the uniform quality of the specialties in which he deals a large trade has- been secured by this gentleman. His eggs are noted for their freshness and the butter, being obtained from some of the choicest dairies, is ex- ceptionally fine. Mr. Goodwin also handles cheese, country produce, and fresh vegetables are received daily. The business is boih whole- sale and retail, and with a sufficient force of as- sistants is transacted in a prompt and satisfac- tory manner. The premises occupied consist of two stalls, located in City Market, 25x35 feet in. dimensions and are considered among the best, fitted up in the market. The business was es- tablished in 1876 by G. A. Dickerman, succeeded in 1879 by Henry C. Goodwin, the present pro- prietor, who is a native of New Haven, and be- longs to both the orders of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, and is a gentleman well known for his enterprise, and his sound judgment and business tact. 188 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. — Wil liam Penn and the Red Men. — During the year 1682, William Penn formed a lasting league of peace with the red men of the forest and witliout wrangle or bloodshed he ■ obtained the lands now comprising the "Key Stone State " and a part of Delaware. Wm. Penn founded the State of Pennsyl- vania. He was a Qua Ice rand the Quakers largely founded the Penn Mutual Life In- surance Company, receiving llieir charter from the State on the 24th day of February, 1847, locating at Thiladelphia, and began business on May 25th of the same year. The object of the Penn Mutual has been to furnish reliable life insurance at the lowest cost. The business has been conducted on the purely mutual plan and the profits or sav- ings have been annually distributed to members according to their individual contributions. The record of tire Penn since 1847 shows that these dividends have been more in number and of a larger average percentage than any other company. While this low cost has resulted from care in selection of risks, placing of investments and economy of its expenditures, a high standard of security has always been maintained. The pre- sent assets of this company are Eleven Million five hundred thouiand dollars, with a clear sur- plus of two millicms over all present or contin- gent liabilities. This ratio of assets to liabilities denotes a condition of strength, of which the management of forty years may well be proud, and which demonstrates security and decreasing cost of insurance with the increasing age of the policy. The oldest members have not, during forty years, paid in one-haif the face of their pol- icies so that in old age they possess a good pol icy, increasing in value with but little cost. The management which has produced these results has ever been of the members, for the members (twenty seven trustees are elected annually), by the members. The charter of the Peim Mutual ]iermits none to vote by proxy, precluding "one man power." The trustees elect ofiicers and committees who conduct the business. The company has been conservative, security and cost having always first consideration, hence its membership has'beeu more limited than some companiesof equal or less age; but it has not been slow to adopt such truly liberal and pro- gressive features as were warranted by experi- ence. It has always voluntarily adopted such features and "latest advances" in advance of State legislation. It was the first to establish a system of paid up values or non forfeiture to the retiring member. Later, it added the "exten- sion feature" and subsequently made its policies incontestable after two years for any cause, if the premiums are paid. The established meth- ods of the company have won popularity for the .old Penn, best evidenced by the growing in- crease in all the factors of its business of 1886 over that of any previous year. After total pay- ment to policy "holders ot |1. 283, 929. 55 it had re- maining a net gain in assets of $941,252.50 and a gain of insurance in force of $5,922,650.00. If you wish to invest, our books are open. We can furnish you any desirable form of policy from the ordinary life to the endowment bond which guarantees six per cent, annual interest addition- al to face value in the event of death before the maturity of said bond. Call at the Connecticut office of the Penn Mutual Life, get the thirty ninth annual report and full particulars of plans etc., at 82 Church street. New Haven, John H. Post, General Agent. E. Healy's Pharmacy, 276 Grand Avenue. — Under the able management of Mr. .1. W. Kes- sell, a competent pharmacist of years' experience, the drug establishment of Mr. E. Healy, No. 276 Grand avenue, has for two years been the popular source of drug and medicine supply for th*- people of Fair Haven. The business was established in 1873 by Mr. W. G. Hunter, and has been in charge of Mr. Kessell for the past seven months. The premises are 30 feet in front by 40 feet in depth, and the store is a model of taste and at- tractiveness. The stock always includes the very best and most reliable drugs and chemicals, all sta^idard patented specialties, and a full line of toilet requisites and fancy articles, and prices are invariably reasonable and satisfactory. Prescriptions are compounded witli scrupulous care, and this store is the only one open at all hours of the day or night. Absolute accuracy is invariably warranted. Mr. Kessell is a thoroughly reliable and respon- sible pharmacist and is held in general esteem for his business and personal worth. Mr. Healy is one of the prominent citizens of Fair Haven, and has resided here many years. Geo. E. Twitchell, Sign, Banner and Decora- tive Painter, 75 Orange Street. — As successor to L. P. Morehouse, who established the business in 1831, and who gained for himself a wide- spread reputation as "the great sign painter" of New Haven, Mr. Geo. E. Twitchell has for four years past ably maintained the prestige and pop- ularity of the Sign, Banner and Decorative Paint- ing establishment at 75 Orange street, in this city. He had, however, been in charge of the business for six years previous. The experience of Mr. Twitchell as a practical painter, has qual- ified him to carry on the business inaugurated over half a century ago by the leader in this line of work in New Haven, and in the beauty of his designs and skill of execution, the present propri- etor's unsurpassed by any of his craft in the country. This skilled artisan has his large shop at No. 75 Orange street, where he employs sev- eral competent painters and sign wn-iters, and or- ders for sign, banner and decorative painting are executed promptly, and satisfactory work is uniformly guaranteed. The finest artistic work that could lie desired is turned out of this estab- lishment, and both as to conception and execu- tion it defies the most severe criticism. Mr. Twitchell is a New Haven man by birth, and is a recognized master of his art. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 18» Nevr Haven Nut Co., Manufacturers of Hot Pressed Nuts, Westville. — This old, -well-known concern was establisbed in 1866 by tlie firm of Woodworth & Sinclair, and tbe business since 1872 has been successfully conducted on an ex- tensive scale by a stock company, under the cor- porate name and style of New Haven Nut Co. The works comprise two buildings, 60x100 and 25x50 feet in size respectively, supplied with all the requisite machinery and appliances for the manufacture of hot pressed nuts, operated by a steam engine of 30 horse power, and a force of skilled workmen are constantly employed in the establishment. The best qualities of hot pressed nuts and washers of all sizes in large quantities are turned out of the establishment, and the rep- utation of the company's goods maintains a steady demand for the products of this reliable house, and the home and New England trade has attained important proportions. The works of the company are located at Westville, and the superior facilities for the production of goods of standard excellence, and for supplying every de- mand in their line at low figures, are all that could be desired. The management of the affairs of the company should command continued success. The officers of this reliable concern are: Pres- ideni, L. W. Beecher; Secretary and Treasurer, J. D. Payne; who with Mr. E. B. Beecher, com- prise the board of directors. John H. Dillon, Dealer in Choice Groceries and Provisions, also the Fine«t Quality of Teas, Coffees and Spices, 333 Congress Avenue. — A finely appointed store devoted to the sale of groceries and provisions in this section of New Haven is that of Mr. John H. Dillon, whose commodious store is located at No. 333 Congress avenue. This house was established by Mr. Dil- lon in 1879, he being also one of the firm of Dil Ion «& Douglass, 32 George street. The trade is strictly retail, and tlie premises occupied cover an area of 20x60 leet, which are finely fitted up and stocked with everything in the line of groceries, embracing the finest quality of teas, coffees and spices, besides a full and choice line of fresh pro- visions. All the goods of the house are above comment, and all purchasers are too well aware of their extra quality to oblige us to call atten- tion to them. Polite and attentive assistants wait upon customers, and orders, whether large or small, will receive prompt attention, being de- livered free of charge to all parts of the city. Mr. Dillon is a native of New Haven, and is a gentleman of long and varied experience in even the smallest details of his business. A. K. Bro-wn, Dealer in Fish, Oysters, etc., 744 Grand Avenue. — It has been well said by one who had made the subject a life-study that the sea, barren and sterile as it appears was never- theless capable of producing more food to the acre than any species of soil, however fertile. The great value of fish, oysters, etc., as a cheap and eminently nutritious food has been known for many years, but as by analysis, experiment- ing, etc. , the peculiar properties of the various articles of food used by man have been ascer- tained, fish has become more firmly established than ever in popular favor. Fish to be good must be fresh and the best way of assuring one's self that it is supplied in that condition is to deal only with a responsible and re- liable house such a one, for instance, as that of Mr. A. K. Brown, No. 744 Grand Avenue. There may be found a large, varied and complete stock of all the various kinds of sea-food, either fresh. or canned. Mr. Brown enjoys a large and pros- perous trade, both wholesale and retail, and makes a specialty of native oysters, which de- licious bivalves may always be had fresh and tempting from his establishment. The business was established in 1869 by Mr. A. K. Brown, who enjoys a patronage which few firms in his line of business can rival. Those who by un- happy experience associate dirt and disorder with a store in which fish is kei)t should call on Mr. Brown, if, for no other reason, than to see how exquisitely neat and clean sucli a store can be maintained if in proper hands. Mr. Brown is a native of Fair Haven, Conn., and has many friends, those who know him best being his largest and steadiest customers. Mr. Brown has. a telephone connection for the convenience of his patrons. H. H. Thompson, Livery, Boarding and Hack Stables, corner Gr^nd Avenue and North Front Street. — This is the oldest livery establishment in Fair Haven and for many years was ( ouducted by D. M. C. King, prior to its coming into the hands of the present proprietor over twenty years ago. Mr. Thompson is a populMr liveryman, and he well sustains the old-time prestige of the stables. He has excellent facilities for boarding and caring for horses, and gives those placed in his charge the best of attention at low prices. He supplies elegant and serviceable double and. single teams for funerals, weddings and special occasions, at reasonable rates, and his turnouts are very stylish and suited to all purposes. His office has telephone connection and orders have prompt attention at all hours. He has ac. commodations for twenty head of horses and as many carriages, and his aim is always to meet every requirement of his patrons. Mr. Thompson is a native of New Haven, and is a prompt, reliable business man, whose long career in business has been one of uninterrupted and deserved success. Mr. Thompson makes a specialty of excursion business, and has for the purijose several large and commodious sleighs, barges and stages, which may be engaged at short notice and rea sonable rates for sleighing parties, picnics and excursions of all kinds. Orders sent by mail will receive prompt attention. 190 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Isaac W. Lounsbury, Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting, Tin Roofing and Jobbing; also Dealer in Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, etc., 691 Chapel Street.— In this advanced age, the so- called modern conveniences have become an ac- tual necessity, and vpe cnn hardly find a building in the process of erection, for either dwt-liing or business purposes, whose walls are not completely interlined with pipes as conductors of water, steam and gas, and when we consider how much we dei^end upon tliem for comfort and conven- ience, we must also realize to what an ext< nt our health and property could be endangered by them; the use of poor materials in the manu- facture, or the employment of unskilled work- men in the laying of them will often prove disas- trous to both. The well-known house of Mr. Isaac W. Louns- bury, was establi>hed in 1874, under the title of Lounsbury, Story & Co. In 1876, it was changed to Louiisl)ury & Co., and was again changed, in 1879, when Mr. Lounsbury assumed full con- trol. ' He is a practical plumber, steam and gas fitter. The premises comprise the first floor of the building, 100 x 25 feet in dimensions. Here may be found a complete stock of stoves, ranges^ fur- naces, tin, copper and hollow ware; also. Fuller & Warren Co's "Splendid" ranges and heating stoves. In connection with this retail store, Mr. Lounsbury does a large business in the jobbing and manufacturing line; this trade necessitating the employment of nine competent workmen, ■who thoroughly understand every branch of the tin-roofing and jobbing business. Mr. Lounsbury is a native New Haven, a thor oughiy practical business man, in whom one can put the utmost confidence, and rely upon having all work done in the most prompt and satisfac tory manner, and at the low^est prices. He is well and lavorably known throughout New Haven. S. S. Adams, Cash Grocer, 745 Grand Avenue. — A popular and enterprising cash grocery es- tablishment is that of S. S. Adams, located at No. 745 Grand avenue. Tlie business was first es tablished in 1878 by Adams & Clark, succeeded in 1882 by the present proprietor, Mr. S. S. Adams. He oceupies a finely fitted up store, 80x25 feet in size, in which is carried a complete first-class stock of staple and tancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, flours, spices and a great va riety of canned goods, al-o all the miscellaneous goods usually found in a first-class grocery estab lishment. As all sales are for cash the lowest prices prevail and a number of attentive assist- ants serve customers in a prompt and intelligent manner. The st«.ck carried is pui chased direct for a first-class retail trade. Inducements to cash buyers are offered at this establishment that are not excelled by any other concern in this vicin- ity. A large trade has been built up, as only the best quality and most reliable goods are handled, and his business is increasing annually. Mr. Adams, who is a native of Union, Maine, has re sided in New Haven for many years and has made many friends, and merits the success which lias attended his efforts. He is a prominent Odd Fellow and also belongs to the ' ' Red Men. " E. A. Cramer (Successor to Moulthrop) Photo Artist, 818 Chapel Street. — It would be very diffi- cult, we think, for any of our readers to find an album in the city of New Haven, and indeed it might also be said in the whole State of Connec- ticut, which had not somewhere between its leaves a photograph from the establishment now carried on by Mr. E. A. Cramer, at No. 818 Chapel street. Although Mr. Cramer is un- doubtedly a comparatively new comer, the busi- ness and good will of which he is the present proprietor is without doubt the oldest established in the city in the line of photography. All have heard of " Moulthrop's," and he it was who first commenced the business in 1842, long before most of the present generation were here. At first, of course, the methods employed were rough and coarse, but Mr. Moulthrop, being a progressive man, availed hiniself of each improvement in the art as it became known; and thus it came about that in later years, the productions from this es- tablishment were known all over the State, not only for truthfulness and fidelity to nature, but for their general artistic merit and finish. In April, 1886, Mr. Cramer became the proprietor, and since then has more than upheld the high reputation won by his predecessor. He occu- pies two large floors, one 50x25 leetand the other 25x15 feet, which are boih fitted up with all the modern ai)pliances necessary for a due prosecu- tion of the photographic art. A specialty is made by Mr. Cramer of what is known as " solar work" enlargement. He has also a beautifully fitted up waiting room for the convenience of his p;itrons and for their instruction and delectation. The walls are hung with many fine specimens of photography. All in all Mr. Cramer has one of the be>t studios in the city and his business al- though large is rapidly increasing. W. P. Reynolds, D' aler in Fresh, Salt, Smoked and Pickled Fish 621 Grand Avenue. — Among the houses engaged in the fish trade in this city, we would call attention to the well ap- pointed store of Mr. W. P. Reynolds, located at No. 622 (,Trand avenue, who is an extensive deal- er in all kinds of fresh, salt, smoked and pickled fish, long and round clams, scollop-*, etc., and whose line of oys'ers will be found one of the best the market afford, embracing all the cele- brated grades, including Stony Creek, Saddle Rock, Blue Stone Point, Norwalk, Oyster Bay, Natives, etc., Mr. Reynolds being prepared to fill all orders from a quart to a barrel. The premises occupied consist of a large store, 60x20 leet in area, well titled up and finely stocked with all in his line. This business was established in 1884 by C. L. Johnson, who continued it until the Fall of 1886, when Mr. VV. P. Reynolds, the present proprie- tor, succeeded to the control, and having brought his energy and ability as well as experi- ence into the business has met with unparalleled success. His trade is of a wholesale and retail charncter, all customers being promptly and po- litely waited on, and their purchases delivered to all parts of the city free ot charge. Mr. Rey- nolds is a native of New Haven and is a member of the Foresters. He is a gentleman richly en- dowed with enterprise and ability. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 191 John C. Miles, Merchant Tailor, 14 Center Street. — Amona: the leading tailoring establish- ments of New Haven, we wish to call the atten- tion of our readers to that of Mr. John C. Miles. This establishment is one of the most prominent and important in New Haven. This firm was established in 1851, under the style of Clark & Miles, and was conducted under that title for three years when, in 1854, Mr. J. C. Miles as- sumed full control of the business, now located at 14 Center street. There may always be found a large assortment of imported cloths from the best looms of Europe, compris'ng cassimeres, suitings, beavers, broadcloths, diagonals, etc., also a full line of domestic goods. The premises occupied are 80 x 20 feet in dimensions, and are nicely fitted up. This trade is one that requires considerable skill to attain perfection in. Owing to the long experience Mr Miles hus enjoyed, he is able to meet its every requirement. His business is devoted to custom work, and he gives his personal attention to the cutting, which is a sufficient guarantee of satis faction. Mr. Miles is pleased to forward samples with prices to any section of the United Slates. The immense amount of custom work done requires the employment of twenty to twenty-five experi- enced lailor.a, whose fine workmanship is so noticeable in tlie many elegant suiis that are made in this establishment "Mr. Mik^s is known for the marked good taste displayed in the selec- tion of his stock, which cannot be surpassed in this city for its quality and style, either for busi- ness or dress suits, and which are furnished at the lowest possible prices. Mr. John C. Miles is a native of Milford, Ct., and his long conduct of business and his gentle manly and prompt attention to all, have won for him a large host of friends. Robert E. Baldwin, Houses, Building Lots, Farms and Manufacturing Property Sold or Ex- changed, 818 Chapel Street. — There is no form of investment which offers more positive and and substantial returns for capital invested, and the wise and sagacious prefer real estate to all other forms of speculation. An agent who occu- pies a prominent position in this line in New Haven is Mr. Robert E. Baldwin, whose office is located at 818 Chapel street. No one in this line in New Haven is better known, or has a finer reputation. Mr. Baldwin is a native of Woodbridge, Ct., and established himself in this business in 1871, enjo\ ing a large trade in New Haven and vicinity. He pays special attention to appraising property and to the settlement of estates. Mr. Baldwin sells or exchanges houses, building lots, farms, or manufacturing property. Mr. Baldwin may be implicitly relied upon, and is considered an excellent judge of the value of property, botli improved and unimproved. His standing is high in financial circles, and among his clients will be found many of our best known citizens. All business relations with him will be botli pleasant and profitable. Mr. Baldwin has been an assessor of the town, as well as a councilman of the city, and is a highly esteemed citizen. Bradley & Davis, Dealers in Flour, Grain, Feed, Meal, Hay, Straw, etc., Nos. 516 and 528 Grand Avenue — Among the most active, enter- prising and successful of our New Haven bu-siness- men are Bradley & Davis, doing business at Nos. 516 and 528 Grand avenue. These gentlemen are engaged in trade as dealers in flour, grain, meal, hay, straw, etc., and hold a very higli po- sition ill the city in their line of business. Tlie establishment they carry on was founded in 1876 by L. D. Bradley & Co. ; succeeded by Bradley & Davis in 1881. The business has steadily in- creased from year to year and is both wholesale and retail, a very large stock being carried. The premises occupied comprise two floors, each 150x40 feet and employment is given to four as- sistants. Owing to the long continuance and high reputation of this house in the business they are enabled to secure their goods at the very low- est market price and are C()n>equently in a posi- tion to furnish their customers with standard ar- ticles on most reasonable terms. A very large amount of flour is handled by them, all the popa- lar brands being dealt in, and those who find it impossible to obtain such fiour as they desire from their grocer should give Messrs. Bradley & Davis a call as they deal directly with the miller and consequently furnish a fresh and desirable article. A large amount of business in hay, oats, ground feed, straw, etc., is also transacted, the quality of everything sold being guaranteed to be as represented and no doulit it is to this strict integrity which has characterized all the busi- ness operations that this firm largely owe their success. The members of the firm are Messrs. S. D. Bradley and R. G. Davis, natives of East Haven and Guilfoid, Conn., both gentlemen of capabil- ity and energy, and thoroughly experienced in all the details of their tiusine-s. This firm make a specialty of the "Glen Cove Corn Feed," of which they are sole agents for this section. Miss Clara H. Katsch, Agent for Butterick'& Celebrated Patterns, 125 Church Street. — Paper patterns, of late years, have been cut so accurately, and the directions accompanying each pattern f-a simple, that any lady wishing to do her own dressmaking can, by expending a few cents, ob- tain stylish patterns and fashion her own gar- ments to her satisfaction. Among the many paper fashions, none are more popular or more to be relied upon than the " Butteiick," a full line of which are to be found constantly on hand at their New Haven Agency, Miss Clara H. Katsch, No. 125 Church street. Exchange Building, oppo- site the Green. The store occupied is very cen- tral and nicely fitted up for her trade, polite and efficient assistants being on hand to wait upon customers. In connection with her pattern de- partment she does stamping of all kinds to order, and also receives orders for dress caps of every description. This agency, which is the oldest in the State, was establislied in 1856, by E. E. Johnson, suc- ceeded by Miss Katsch, in 1875, who, being obliging in her manner, and thoroughly experi- enced in all the details of her business, has suc- ceeded in establishing a large and lucrative trade. Miss Katsch is a native of Germany, and has made many friends in the community. 192 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA YEN. Henry M. Bishop, Pharmacist, cor. State and Humphrey Streets. — New England, and particu- larly Connecticut, is prolific of liistory, not only in a general sense, but as regards business liouses, whose inception dates back many years. Prom- inent among these is the house of Henry M. Bishop, located at the corner of State and Hum- phrey streets. This business was founded by Mr. Bishoy in 1860, and has from its start been marked by great success. Tlie premises occupied for the business comprise a fine commodious store, covering an area of 60x40 feet, and fineh' stocked with a complete assortment of drugs and medicines, beside a fine display of fancy and toi- let articles. Great care is taken in the compound- ing of physicians' prescriptions, and everything is under the personal supervision of the propri- -etor, assisted by two skilled clerks. Mr. Henry M. Bishop is a native of Woodbury, Conn., and is a gentleman of long experience in his business, being thoroughly versed in every detail of his profession, and one wlio may be relied upon at all times for accuracy and care. His store is so attractively arranged and the display of goods so fine that it becomes a pleasure to visit it. The history of this house isa pleasantproof of thecer- tainty with which probity and energy will win their way. In every respect the house may be regarded as a representative one, prompt, liberal and enter- prising to a marked degree. William Jepson, Elm City File Works, 861 State Street, New Haven. — This is one of the oldest file manufactories in New Haven. It was estaljlished as long ago as 1844 by Messrs. Jepson & Bawling, succeeded finally by Wm. Jepson in 1871. Prior to 1840 the manufacture of files was unknown in this country, but since that date the production has rapidly increased, until now a large part of the files consumed in the United States is the product of American manufactories, and a large quantity are also exported throujih New York and Boston commission houses. The premises occupied by Mr. Jepson consist of one floor, 30x'20 feet in dimensions. The business is divided into the forging, annealing, grinding, cutting and finishingdepartments, four hands are employed and the files being all hand-made there is no machinery used. These works produce every style of lumd cut files, and two prize medals awarded to jNIr. Jepson for superior work is proof of the reliability of the goods. The raw material used is the best English and American steel, all of which is selected by Mr. Jepson him- self with the utmost care, and only such as will stand the severest tests is used. In addition to the manufacturing of new files to order, an ex- tensive business is done in recutting old ones, which work is done in a manner that makes them wear equal to new and as such they are war- ranted. Orders for new goods will be promptly filled, and prices, both for new work and recut- ting, are as low as any responsible manufacturers in the country. Mr. Jepson is a native of Sheffield, England; he is a member of St. John's Lodge of Masons of Bridgeport, and also of Harmony Lodge, I. O O. F. , of New Haven ; he is a thoroughly practical man and possesses a long experience extending over 50 years. E. L. Fairchild, Dealer in Coal and Wood, 520 State Street, Alling's Block.— One of the best known dealers in coal and wood in the city is Mr. E. L. Fairchild, of No. 520 State strei^t, Al- ling's Block. Business wasbtgun by this gentle- ji nian in 1884, and his success has been as large as l| it ^as well merited. Possessing a perfect knowl- il edge_ of the articles he handles and exceptional relations with the largest producers, he is en- abled to offer the public great inducements to favor him with orders, which he fills promptlj \ and accurately at prices which must of necessity commend themselves to all. For instance, soft wood is sold by him in any quantities from six barrels to a cord, the price for the first-mentioned amount being but $1, and for the larger quanti- ty $7.50. Hard wood is quoted at five barrels for $1 or $8.50 for a cord. Hickory, which is ^ universally acknowledged to be the best wood at- tainable for burning, is sold for $4 for two feet or $10 for a cord. Orders may be left in person but they will receive the same careful and prompt attention if given by mail or telephone. Coal of all kinds is also very largely handled. Our space will not permit us to specity the prices made on it, but our readers may feel confident tfiat all or- ders for coal which may be given to Mr. Fair- child will be filled at the very lowest market prices for a reliable article. He employs two assistants in his office, which is 25x15 feet in dimensions. Mr. Fairchild is a native of New Haven, and was connected for- merly in an official capacity with the Odd Fel- lows, and has a large acquaintance in the city. H- Kissinger & Co., Manufacturers of Frame and Room Mouldings, Nos. 183 to 189 State Street. — There is nothing which adds more to the whole appearance of a room than a tasteful and rich moulding, forming as it does a sort of frame for the wall papering and breaking the bare ex- panse of wall from the floor to the ceiling. Mouldings have come into general use of late years, not only on account of their beauty, but also because of the convenience they afford for the hanging of pictures and totally preventing the falling of heavy and valuable pictures by rea- son of the nails tearing out. The pioneer house engaged in the manufacture and sale of mould- ings in Connecticut is that of H. Kissinger & Co., occupying premises running from 183 to 189 Stale street, corner of Fair street. This well- known and representative house started in busi- ness in 1878 and rapidly built up, by the excel- lence of iheir goods and the shrewdness of their enterprise, their rresent large and increasing business. The firm is composed of Messrs. H. Kissinger and L. Geiger. The business done is wholesale, the customers being found throughout the Eastern and Middle States. Three contigu- ous floors are occupied, each embracing an area of 90x100 feet, and constant employment is given to upwards of a dozen hands. Messrs. Kissinger & Co. manufacture all kinds of picture frame as well as room mouldings, and also deal largely in frame backing. Their specialty, however, ig mouldings of every description, both gilt and all kinds of hard wood finish, in which the most beautiful and artistic effects are obtained, their reputation in this kind of work standing very high, as the amount they manufacture proves. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 193: No. 2 DUMB WAITER. The finest line of Dianb Waiters and light-geared Elevat&t'B in the market, inanufactured by F. C. Cannon, New Haven, Conn. F. O. Cannon, Machinist, C. Cowles & Co.'s Building, Rear 45 Orange Street; Connecticut Agent for the Noiseless "Otto" Gas Engines, over 18,000 in use; B. W. Payne & Sons' Steam Engines and Boilers, one of the largest lines in the country, all styles and sizes; the Clem «& Morse Elevators and Pneumatic Clutch, which has never failed; the "Blevney" Pulleys, Clutches and Couplings, cheapest and hest. Haying special facilities for furnishing Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys, Clutches and Couplings, we shall be pleased to give estimates. — Since he es- tablished himself in business in New Haven as a machinist and agent for manufactuiers, in 1879, Mr. F. C. Cannon has always been successful in meeting the requirements of a large trade, and at this writing he is the acknowledged leader in this city in his special line of industry. His warerooms and factory are located in the rear of 45 Orange street, and comprise two floors of the large building, 50x100 feet each in dimensions. His establishment is admirably equipped with the best improved labor-saving machinery, with a steam engine as the motor, and he employs a force of thirty skilled workmen in the several departments of his business. Mr. Cannon manufactures the best elevators and dumb-waiters in use, and has an established reputation for this work which extends far be- yond city and State limits. Orders for putting in elevators, shafting, etc., are executed with dispatch and in the most satisfactory manner, and his work in the elegant Bowditch, Arm- strong, New Haven Mfg. Co., and other of the principal business blocks erected in this city at- test his business ability unmistakably. All work in his Ime is done well and accurate- ly and at short notice. Mr. Cannon is the agent for the State for the Noiseless "Otto" Gas Engines, the Delamater Iron Works steam pumps and hot-air pumping engines, the Clem & Morse Elevators and Pneu- matic Clutch, and the "Blevney" Pulleys, Clutches and Couplings, all of which are m high favor with manufacturers everywhere, and he has every convenience for supplying this ma- chinery at manufacturers' lowest quotations. He is a New Haven man by birth, and is un- questionably one of her representative, reliable- and successful business men. A. W. Flint, Manufacturer of, and Dealer in Basket Seat and Tapestry Chairs, Ladders for- Fire departments, Painters, Carpenters and Ma- sons, 684 Chapel St.— There are a number of houses in this city which, in the manufacture of certain specialties, have secured a wide reputation for themselves. One of the most prominent among these is that of A. AV. Flint,~who is entitled to more than passing notice in this volume. For a number of years ]\Ir. A. W. Flint has manufactured and dealt in all kinds of basket seat and tapestry chairs, rattan and folding chairs, ladders, step-ladders, boys' sleds, snow shovels, wagon-jacks, adjust- able ladder hooks, all kiuds of folding lawn settees, wash- benches, clothes horses, camp- chairs and ladies' work-tables, at both wholesale and retail, particular attention being paid to the manufacture of ladders for fire departments, painters, carpenters and masons;^, orders by mail will be promptly and carefully at- tended to. The office is located at No. 684 Chapel street. The factory is admirably arranged for the extensive business transacted. The house holds a large stock in all the lines indicated, and the business extends throughout Connecticut and other States. Mr. Flint is well known through- out the city, and is highly esteemed by a large' circle of friends. We must add, in conclusion, that the enter- prise established by him in this city has been managed and conducted upon the basis of busi- ness principles so honorable and straightforward as to have secured lor the h(nise an esteem a& justly as it is rarely acquired. 194 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. The New York Life Insurance Company. — The forty aecond aDtiual statement of this cnm- paiiy shows its condition on January 1st, 1887, to be as follows: $:504,873,540 insurance in force on about one hundred thousand lives; $75,421,453 assets; $8,080,527 divisible surplus; $4,176,425 Tontine surplus; total surplus by State of New York standard. $15,549,319. The new business done in 1886 was 22,027 pol- icies, insuring $85,178,294 and the cash income was $19,230,408 from premiums and interest The imere-«t receipts of this company in the last ten years have been $5,972,365 in excess of its ■death losses and in 1888 nearly $1 000,000 more than the death losses. The death li)sses in 1886 were less than ten dollars for each thousand dol hirs of insurance. As this is a purely mutual company the cost of insurance to its members is just the death losses and expenses, which in 1886 were but 31 percent, •of the income, leaving still on hand in the re- serve and surplus funds to credit of policyholders nearly 70 per cent, of the $19,230,408 income. When we consider the large number of members in this company, the low rate of mortality, the large surplus after providing a reserve sutfic'ent to meet every policy at maturity, the surplus in- terest receipts over current losses obviating the necessity of using any of the premiums in their payment, we feel confident that no safer finan •cial institution exists. The New York Life Insurance Company issues a greater variety of policies and the returns on its maturing Tontine dividend plans are larger than those of any other company whether Ton- tine or ordmary. All policies now issued by this company are non forfeiting after three annual premiums have been paid. The Connecticut othce of this company is 811 Chapel strt-et. New Haven, with A L Gurney as general agent, ex- Mayor Henry G. Lewis, superintendent of city agents, Wilbur J. Peck cashier, and a corps of gentlemen as special agents. They are domg a -large business with our best men. John and Edw. C Dietter, Meats and Pro- -visious, 51 Greene Street.— This tine market was ■established in 1864, by Mr. John M. Dietter. Since January 1st, it has be^-n conducted by Jotm and Edw. C. The business has always heen conducted with most marked success. The premises are well arranged for market purposes, the establishment always presenting a most invit- ing appearance. The building. No. 51 Greene street, is utilized, being 30 x 40 feet in area, and every facility for preserving perishable mer- ■chandise during the heated term is provided. The choicest fresh and salt meats, beef and pork products, flour, vegetables, produce and provisions generally, and a full stock of choice groceries are always to be had here at lowest rates consistent with reliable merchandise. Three courteous and competent clerks are employed in tlie establishment, customers have prompt atten- tion, orders are filled with dispatch, goods deliv- •ered free of charge, and satisfaction in every par- ticular is uniformly guaranteed. The Messrs. Dietter are pushing and pro- gressive men of business, and in this city they are held in the highest esteem. Mrs. Samuel Bishop, Milliner, 93 Grand Ave- nue. — As the proprietress of the oldest, most at- tractive and complete millinery establishment in Fair Haven District, Mrs. Samuel Bishop lias for twenty-three years commanded a large patronage among the fashionable ladies of this suburb of New Haven. This esiimable lady established herself in busi- ness here in 1864, and lias by the exercLse of .skill and taste in the selection of stock, and the milli- nery work made to order, steadily increased her trade and extended her reputation as an artist in this branch of her business. The stock comprises the latest designs and novelties in imported and domestic millinery goods, and her facilities for supplying the most corr«-ct styles in merchandise and work at rea- sonable prices are unsurpassed. Bleaching and pressing is done to order at short notice, and orders tor all work in her line have jirompt attention and are filled in the most artistic and satisfactory manner. Mrs, Bishop is the agent for the Staten Island Dyeing establishment, and work left with her is done by this famous concern and promptly re- turned, at the usual rates charged by the i)roprie- tors, and in all her engagements she is thorough- ly reliable and deserving of fullest confidence. "New Haven Register.'' — Fully meeting the public demand in everything going to make up a first-class, reliable daily and weekly newspaper the New Haven Register, the leading journal of C mnecticut, has for three quarters of a century wielded a healtlit'ul influence in National, State and Municipal affairs, and its sphere of useful- ness is constantly widening. It was founded in 1812, and lias attained a circulation greater than that of any paper in the State, and twice as large as that of any contemporary in the city. As an advertising medium i\\e. Register \s, unequaled, and as a live, reliable family newspaper it meets every requirement of all classes. For tliose having real estate to sell or rent, or for those wanting situations or lielp. it is notably the most desirable means of making known these wants, reaching as it does all clases of the com- munity, and the low prices making it the popular and recognized medium to wliich all refer. Wants, real estate advertisements, business op- portunities, etc., are published at the low rate of one cent per word for one insertion, and for five cents a word for a full week or seven insertions, the paper being publislied on Sunday. 'I'he weekly edition is a very desirable one for families, particularly those resident in the country, and contains a full and complete compendium of the news for the week up to hour of issue, and also miscellaneous matter interesting and instructive. The office of the Register Publishing Company is at 86 to 90 Crown street, in the building re- cently erected by them, and the management is in every respect all tliat is required to maintain the reputation and prestige of the paper as the best for news and advertising in the State. Hon. Samuel A. York, the present Mayor of the city and ex-Judge of Probate, is the President of the Company; Mr. L. L Morgan is the efficient Business Manager. Messrs. N. G. Osborn and Wm. Rodman are the Editor and City Editor of the paper respectively. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN. 195 Machol & Son, Tailors, 92 Church Street. — There are many tailoring establishments in New Haven, but none, perhaps, -which can claim a lariier or more extensive patronage than that con- ducted by Messrs. Machol & Son, at No. 92 Church f'treet. It was in 1865 that the business now carried on by the above firm was estab- lished by the Machol Bros., David and Herman. In 1872, David became the sole proprietor, and remained so until 1884, when he admitted his son, W. D. Machol, into partnership, and the present firm name was adopted. The firm's trade is en- tirely confined to custom-made garments. They occupy one whole floor at the above address, and give employment to a large number of hands the year round. They carry a fine assortment of imported and domestic woolens of the best qunl- ity. Both the ilessrs. Machol are gentlemen of ■extended experience in the profession and enjoy a large and iufiuenlial trade, both in New Haven and in adjoining towns. They devote their en- tire time to theiuterests of their customers, and are regarded by them and the public generally as reliable and rei^resentative business men. Lewis H. Merwin, Dealer in Fish and Oysters, 763 State Street. — Occupying a conspicuous po- sition among the retail provision houses of New Haven the establisliment of Lewis H. Merwin is woithy of more than a passing notice in this vol- ume. This business was established in the year 1833, and has ascended rapidly in public favor. The premises occupied by this house for business put poses are located at No. 763 State street and comprise a fine store, 60x40 feet in dimensions. The stock comprises all of the choicest and fresh- est fi-h and oysters and fine cuts of fresh meat, including beef, mutton, lamb, pork, etc., and ali^o a small line of groceries is kept constantly on hand. The prices also will be found as rea- sonable as first-class goods can be sold. Orders will be promptly filled and delivered free to all parts of the city, and polite and attentive treat- ment will be accorded to all who visit this store. Mr. Merwin is a native of Milford, Conn., and during his residence here he has built up a large trade and acquired the reputation of a careful conservative business man and a highly respected •citizen. Edmund Zemitz, 899 Grand Avenue, Dealer in Watches, Jewelry, etc. — As in nearly all branches of art and industry, very marked im provements have been effected in the jewelry line in the United States. One of the deservedly popular establishments is that of Edmund Zer- nitz, located at 899 Grand avenue. Mr. Zernitz has been established since 1876, and is a practical watchmaker and jeweler, also dealer in clocks, watches and jewelry, optical goods, etc. Here can always be found an exceed- ingly fine stock, and purchasers and patrons may rely on receiving honorable treatment and polite attention. Mr. Zernitz, who is a native of Germany, has resided in the United States many years, is a gentleman of ability and energy, understanding fully all the details of the business. Being an expert watchmaker, he has built up a liberal and substantial patronage in custom work. The store is fitted up with a well-equipped shop in the rear, and a very superior stock is carried. Particular attention is given to fine watch repair- ing, and also jewelry, all work being executed in the highest style of art. James J. Carr, Newsdealer, Stationer and Con- fectioner, 433 State Street and 613 Grand Ave- nue. — Among the most enterprising, pushing and energetic of our New Haven business men. Mr. James J. Carr, who is engaged in business as a newsdealer, stationer and confectioner, at No. 433 State street and No. 613 Grand avenue, holds a prominent position. This gentleman be- gan business in 1880 and during the pastsix } ears has widened and extended his operations until to-day he is carrying on two stores, either one of which would seem to be enough to suffi- ciently tax the energies of Jin ordinary man. But ]Mr. Carr glories in haid work and that his exec- utive ability is of the highest order is proved by the eminently successful manner in which all of his business enterprises have been conducted. He controls many important newspaper routes, representing all the New Haven daily papers, and the promptness and accuracy of his services in this respect has been the occasion of much ad- miring comment on the part of the many citizens who depend upon him for their favorite newspa- per at their morning or evening meal. Mr. Carr is a native of New Haven and is very- well known throuBhont the city, having many- friends both socially and in a business way. James Olmstead, Pharmacist, Broadway Drug Store, York St., cor. Elm.— Among the very oldest and most reliable drug stores of New Haven that so long and ably conducted by Mr. James Olmstead at the corner of York and Elm streets, holds a position equalled by few and surpassed by none. - This favorite pharmacy was established in 1843 by Coles & Olmstead, but in 1847 Mr. James Olmstead, the present owner, became the sole proprietor, and has carried it on the even tenor of its way until to-day it ranks as one of the "in- stitutions" of New Haven, and enjoys the confi- dence and the patronage of our citizens to a de- gree which only such long-continued faithful service could attain. A drug store occupies a somewhat peculiar position among business enterprises, being, as It were, a sort of connecting link between a store for the sale of goods, pure and simple, and the office of a professional man. If there is one place in which perfect order and regularity are to be desired it is surely in a store of ibis kind where the least error in the conduct of affairs may mean death to some poor sufferer already sorely tried by disease, and where healing balms and destroying poisons are kept sometimes al- most identical in appearance to an uuskilled observer. A visit to Mr. Olmstead's establish- ment is of itself enough to reassure all. Every- thing is reduced to a system; onlj^ well-skilled hands are entrusted with the compounding of prescriptions, and an air of quiet prevails which is admirably designed to enable those handling drugs to do so without danger of their attention being diverted. A force of gentlemanly and skillful assistants are at hand to serve customers. 196 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Dr. G. O. Stearns, Dentist. 63 Orange Street.— As is well known the Dental profession is one requiring extended training, long practical expe- rience, and no small degree of natural aptitude for its successful prosecution. Ail these essen- tial qualifications are undoubtedly possessed to a marked degree by Dr. G. O. Stearns, who is lo Gated at No. 68 Orange street. Here Mr. Stearns has a commotlious oiifice and waiting room 30x15 feet in dimensions. In extracting or filling, with either gold or platinum, he has few equals in the city, wLiile at the same time he is thoroughly familiar with the modus operandi to be followed in the most delicate and technical dental opera tions. He is perfectly familiar in fact with every de- tail of his business. He attends personally to all of his numerous patrons. Personally Mr. Stearns is held in esteem and respect by the com- munity generally for his upright methods of transacting business, as well as being a dentist of long experience, having started in business in 1844 in Boston, removing to New Haven in 18G6. Mr. Stearns is the inventor of a remarkable and very ingenious method of making two key-boards of a piano combine (one over the other), produc- ing a very strong and delicate tone. This gentleman is a native of Bedford, Mass., and was chairman of City Committee of Wor cester at one time, and is a prominent Free Mason. New Haven Steam Carpet Beating and Feather Renovating Establishment, 56 High Street, near Chapel. — This business was estab- lished by Mr. Russell Rounds, the present pro pnelor, in 1873, and has since been conducted with eneigy and increasing success, and the ad- dition of every improvement that has been made in that time. The business premises occupy three fioors, 60x80 feet in dimensions, which are supplied by patent machines, operated by gas power, for beating carpets. Several employes find employment and the services of several horses and wagons are brought into requisition in obtaining and delivering carpets. There are many advantages offered by this mode of having carpets cleaned that were not attainable under the old-fashioned way of beating in the open air by hand. In the first place the carpets are thoroughly Cleaned and uniformly beaten their entire length and breadth in a manner which will not injure the finest fabric, yet expel every particle of dust and dirt and all moths. Another impoi tant advantage is that dirt and annoyance is avoided, as Mr. Rounds takes up and relays carpets on very reasonable terms, as are also his prices for beating, ranging from four to six cents per yard, according to the grade of carpet. In connection with carpet cleaning he also at- tends to renovating feather bedding, etc., all work being guaranteed, and express charges paid one way on all work out of the city. Mr. Rounds has also for sale a patent renovat- ing mixture, to remove grease and oil from car pets, clothing, etc. Mr. Rounds i- a native of Rhode Island. Valley Farm Creamery, L. G. Hemingway & Son, 1098 Chapel Street— Farm in Woodbridge. —The creamery business above almost all others increases in importance as the country grows older and more thickly settled, but the degree of perfection which it attains is due to the energy of individuals who have been for years con- nected with the business and who have developed a fitness and capacity for it gained from long ex-^ perience. Such a one is that conducted by L. G„ f% '^LLii Hemingway & Son, established as far back as 1871. Through the years that have elapsed since its inception it has been an active, enterprising concern, and an honoiable competitor for legiti- mnte business. Their creamery is located at 1098 Chapel street. New Haven, where all the products of a dairy farm are constantly to be found, such ao fine creamery butter made every day, sweet cream buttermilk, and cottage cheese. The business is both wholesale and retail, and of such magnitude as to require three stories of the building, measuring 50x30 feet each, and neces- sitating the employment of twelve competent persons. Their large farm is in Woodbiidge, Conn., where their herd of sixty cows are kept, and the transportation of the products to the creamery in the ciiy requires the services of five horses and two mules. Mr. L. G. Henungway conducted this flourish- ing business for ten years in Woodbridge until 1881, when Mr. L. G. Hemingway, Jr., was ad- mitted as partner, and the combined energy of these gentlemen have so increased their bii-iness as to require the establishment of their creamery in New Haven in 1886. Messrs. Hemingway & Son are gentlemen of experience and practical knowledge of the business, and are well-known and esteemed in the community. Mr. L. G. Hemingway is a native of East Haven, Ct. , and Mr. L. G. Hemingway, Jr., of New Haven. Mr. L. G. Hemingway, Sr., is a prominent mili- tary man, being the originator of the Hartford City Guards. He also held the position of Major of First Connecticut Artillery in our late war. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 197 Henry Sutton, Ship Builder aud Ship Chand- ler, Agent for the American Ship Windlass Co., •of Providence, R. I., also Bagnall & Loud's cele- brated Metaline and Improved Roller Curbed Tackle Blocks, No. 485 Chapel Street.— The ship chandlery business is one of the great factors in the astonishing development of the commerce of New Haven, and everything relating to it, there- fore, is of the greatest interest. Among the most important houses engaged in this line of l3usiness, special mention should be made in a re- view of this nature, of that of Mr. Henry Sutton, -who established himself as far back as 1869, and has succeeded in building up a lajge and influential patronage at home and abroad, through his per- sistent energy, varied knowledge and upright character. He was born in Oxford, Conn., in 1843, and served an apprenticeship in tlie carriage business ■which he followed till 1869, when he embarked in the grocery business, which gradually devel •oped into the present e.xtensive ship-chandlery business, which is carried on at 485 Chapel street. The store and office are most eligibly lo- cated. The building is four stories in height and is 80x30 feet in size. In 1872 a partnership was formed with Mr. Geo. H. Story, which was dis- •continued two years later, since which time Mr. Sutton has conducted the business alone. In addition to this business Mr. Sutton is the proprietor of the West Haven ship-building yard, where he employs thirty men, and lias already Ijuilt and still manages a large number of first- class vessels, which are engaged in trading with various ports, domestic and foreign, and are the largest vessels ever built m Connecticut, and inucli larger than any ships constructed in New England twenty-five years ago. The ship-yard of Mr. Sutton is the leading one in the State, and is naturally of considerable importance to the commerce of the coast. He has succeeded in building up a large trade as well as a reputation alike creditable to himself as a business man and an upright private citizen. • Jas. B. Smith, Wholesale Grocers, 285-7 State Street. — During the past quarter of a century this house has been one of the leading sources of supply for the provision and grocery dealers of this section of New England, and its influence in making New Haven a desirable market for this class of merchandise has been recognized and appreciated. The extensive business so success- fully conducted by Mr. Smith was founded in 1864, and from the beginning the tact and busi- ness ability of the proprietor has resulted in building up an extensive trade connection with retail dealers throughout this and adjoining States, the facilities possessed by this veteran dealer for promptly supplying goods of standard excellence at low prices, making the house a de- sirable one with wliich to place orders. Mr. Smith occupies for his purposes a large, three- story building, 40x90 feet in dimensions, and car- ries a large and varied stock of merchandise, and at shortest notice he is able to meet every re- quirement of his trade and to guarantee fullest satisfaction. He makes a specialty of fine flour and butter and certainly excels in this branch of his trade, and he has long been recognized leader among the wholesale dealers in country produce in this city. Mr. Smith is a New Haven man by birth, and in hi3 long business career he has not only reaped most gratifying success, but has the esteem and confidence of all. 198 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. The Dann Brothers & Co., Manufacturers of Bent-Wood Work for Carriages, 80 to 86 Frank- lin Street. — Even the casual observer of New Haven manufacturing resources cannot fail to be impressed with their important character and the strong hold that certain lines of industry have taken at ihis point. In the matter of carriages and carriage hardware and supplies this is es- pecially noticeable, as has been demonstrated by frequent establishment of new enterprises in this field of activity, which combine with the old con- cerns to swell the aggregate of operations. One of tlie old established houses of New Ha- ven in this field of manufactures is that founded by Messrs. Dann Bros., in 1858, which, since 1870, under the corporate name and style of "The Dann Bros. & Co.," has largely increased both the field and volume of its always extensive oper- ations. The company as now constituted was incor- porated in 1870, and at present writing is offi- cered as follows: President, John A. Dann; Secretary and Treasiprer, William F. Dann; Di- rectors, John A. Dann, William F. Dann, Clar- ence B. Dann. The extensive works of the company are lo- cated at No. 80 to 86 Franklin street, and com- prise a large, five-story building, equipped thor- oughly throughout with the best improved, labor- saving machinery in use, with a 30 horse power steam engine as motor, and a large force of work- men is employed in the several departments. The company are, perhaps, with few excep- tions, the largest manufacturers of bent-wond work for carriages in the United States, and the house is famous at home and abroad, for the su- perior quality and designs of their work. The out- put includes carriage bodies and seats, carriage parts, wood hub, Kenney banded hub, Sarven patent and Warner patent wh< els, and the facili- ties of the company to make and supply a full complement o( articles that enter into the manu- facture of carriages, at small margins above cost of manufacture and of standard excnllence, are unsurpassed by any competmg establishment io the United States, if indeed, equaled by any — quality always being considered. The timber bending appliances are especially adapted to meet the requirements of the carriage trade; the wheels of the company are steadily growing in favor, and being made of dry timber, they are warranted fully up to the grade marked. The trade of this progressive corporation is wide spread as the limits of the two continents, the demand coming from all parts of the United States for the specialties of the Dann Bros. & Co., and as well from England and all sections of the continent of Europe. Messrs John A. and W. F. Dann are natives of New Hartford, N. Y., and Mr. C. B. Dann was born in this city. They are all business men of decided executive and financial ability and the company is recognized in trade circles everywhere, as one of the great, responsible and successful manufacturing corporations of the country. Smith & Kelsey, Dealers in Meats and Vege- tables, Fair Haven. — For almost thirty years the very attractive market of Messrs. Smith & Kel- sey, on Grand avenue, near the bridge, has been one of the popular sources of meat and produce supply for the people of Fair Haven and vicinity. The business was inaugurated by Mr. L. Smith, the father of the senior member of the present firm, in 1857. Messrs. Smith and Kelsey suc- ceeded to the large local and out-oftown trade developed by the founder in 1883, and under their able management the establishment has more than retained its old time prestige and pa- tronage. The premises of this enterprising firm are 20x60 feet in dimensions and are very complete in their appointments, being provided with large refrigerators and cold storage rooms, for preserv- ing perishable merchandise in warm weather. The supply of fresh and salt meats, vegetables, canned goods and produce is alwavs comp.ete and desirable, and embraces the choicest goods obtainable. Messrs. F. L. Smith and W. H. Kelsey are the proprietors of this model market. They are both natives of New Haven, are men of superior busi- ness qualifications and well deserving of Hie con- fidence and esteem of their patrons and fellow cit- izens generally. Jared Warner, Dealer in Groceries and Gen- eral Merchandise, Westville. — Among the mer- cantile houses of Westville, there are none that have so long enjoyed the confidence and patron- age of the people, as that of Mr. Jared War- ner, Main street. This veteran dealer established himself in the general merchandise business in Centi-rville in 1856, and ten years later removed to this thriving suburb of New Haven. He occu- pies for business purposes two fioors of his large building, each 60x40 feet in dimensions and the establishment throuiihoul is a model of com- pleteness and good management. He carries full lines of groceries, provisions, produce and every- thing included under the term of "general mer- chnndise,' and at lowest city prices he supplies goods of standard excellence and guarantees satis- faction in every particular. Orders are filled with dispatch and goods are promptly delivered free of charge, and in all his engagements Mr. Warner is thoroughly reliable, liberal and accommodating. Mr. Warner has customers, who have traded with him since he opened his store in Westville. 1866. He is a na- tive of Hamden, Conn., and is a representative, successful and responsible merchant in all thiit is signified by the term. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 199 Silas Galpin, D aler in Hot Air Furnaces, Bri. k Set and P. stable Rani^es, Copper, Tin and Slieet-Iron Ware. Hollow Ware, Enameled and Tin-Ware, No. 360 State Street.— In no depart- ment has the application of scientific facts and methods of manufacture produced greater im- provements or more noticeable results wilhin comparatively recent years than in the matter of stoves, cooking ranges and heating appMratiis. An old establi-hed and representative concern in this line here in New Haven and one of the lead- ers is that of Silas Galpin, the business of which was originally set on foot by Nathaniel Lyon as far back as 1788, succeeded in 1805 by A. Walker, again in 1850 by W. T. Cannon, and in 1883, Silas Gdpin, the present proprietor, took chartre. He has a lengthy and practical acquaint- ance with every branch of the business. Among the g'lods dealt in bv this house maybe men- tioned hot-air furnaces, brick set and portable ranges, c^j^per, tin and sheet-iron ware, hollow ware, enameled and tin-ware, etc. The premi ses occupied consist of the whole four stories of the building No. 360 State street, each floor meas- uring 105x30 feet in dimensions. A large force of skilled workmen are employed by the firm, and all orders are promptly and carelully filled A specialty of this house is a fine line of stoves. All of the goods are of a high order of merit, so hiuh in fact and so widely admitted that it is almost needless to say anythinir in their favor. Mr. Galpin is a mtive of Middletown, Conn., and stands high in the community for his busi- ness as well as his social qualities. Centennial Am. Tea Co., 363 State Street.— Probably no business has had a more rapid growth than the Tea a'ld Coffee trade. This is largely due to the enterpri.se and efforts of those connected with the trade, and who have made its extension a study. Among the most popular in New Haven is the "Centennial American Tea Co.," located at No. 363 State street. This busi ne-s was established in 1877 by Wilson & Mills, of New York, who in 1881 were bought out by Andrew Moorehcad, who is at present sole owner. The store is fitted with every conve- nience, and contiuns a line of ch"ice teas and coffees, etc., which are of the finest and purest. The proprietor possesses unsurpassed facilities for reliable goods, and can offer very low prices. He is known as among the leaders in his line, and is very popular ihroughout the community. Mr. Mooreht ad carries on a wholesale as well as retail trade, and is widely known and highly esteemed as a citizen of energy and enterprise. In addition to low prices on the goods, this enter prising house has on hand a fine line of glass and crockery goods, which are given as gifts to pur- chasers, thus enabling them to obtain household goods, without extra cost. J. O. Scovill, Bottler of Mineral Waters, Ales, Lager Beer, etc., 446 and 448 State St., Selden House Block. — A well known bouse in this city engaged in the bottling of mineral waters, ales, lager beer, etc., is that of J. C. Scovill, centrally located at Nos. 446 and 448 State street (Selden House Block). This establishment was founded in 1849 by Mr. Welton and after many changes came under the present management in 1885. The i,^rowlh of this business illustrates what application and a thorough knowledge will do for tiiose who try. The premises occupied by Mr. Scovill consist of one floor and basement, 100.\40 feet in dimen>iions, which is finely fitted up with a large stock, and with every conve- nience for Uie promoli(m of the business. Twelve capable hands are given employment here and the business is entirely wholesale and very large throughout the cit) and vicinity. Mr. Scovill has also Mathew's steel fimntains to rent, and all having dealings with him will find him liberal and straightforward in all his transactions. He is a native of Camden, New York State, and is a prominent Free Mason and a member of the Knights of Honor. Heliable and trustworthy in all matters, Mr. Scovill has secured the confidence of the public. C. H. Monson, Dealer in Choice Family Gro- ceries, 721 Grand Avenue, cor. Franklin Street. — An old established and enterprising exponent of the grocery trade in this city is Mr. C. H. Monson, whose establishment is located at No. 721 Grand Avenue (corner Franklin street.) This house was founded in 1859 by H. H. Mun- son, and in 1869 his son, Mr. C. H. Munson, was admitted as partner. In 1883 the latter gentle- man became sole proprietor. This house has from its start steadily increased in popularity. The store is large and commodious, occupying two floors 60x20 feet in area and basement, and well fitted up for handling a large stock of goods. This includes the choicest teas, coffees, sugars, the best brands of flour, and all the delicacies and staple commodities known to the grocery trade. Every person visiting this store is impressed with its system and completeness, and it may be as- serted that for quality and freshness the stock carried has no superior in this section of the city. Mr. Monson's customers come from all parts of the city, and purchasers are assured in- variable purity in their goods, and at prices that are very reasonable. Mr. Monson was born in New Haven and is thoroughly experienced in his business and popular in meeting all its demands. M. & A. Midas, Manufacturers of Fine Cigars. Factory, No. 98 Congress Avenue; Store, 117 Congress Avenue. — One of the most popular and elegant cigar and tobacco establishments in New Haven is conducted by Messrs M. & A. Midas, at No. 117 Congress avenue. The business was was first started in 1874, by Mark Midas, suc- ceeded in 1882 by his two sons, Moses and Abra- ham. The business has steadily increased. The salesrooms are well fitted up. The firm sell both at wholesale and retail cigars, tobacco, cigar ettes, and smokers' specialties generally. The- appreciation of the business of Messrs. jNIidas is attested by his large number of patrons. The business is operated under the most favorable auspices; the members of the firm are experi- enced and enterprising, and the low prices are well appreciated. Both membei's are natives of New Haven. soo LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HA VEN. A. L. Chamberlain & Co., Dealers in Grocer- ies and Provisions, East End of Grand Avenue Bridge, Long Brick Store. — Tlirough tiie finan- cial crises of nearly sixty years, this house has stood and is today one of the old landmarks of trade in Fair Haven, and one of the notable in- stances of the "survival of the fittest." The house was founded by Messrs. H. R. and S. R. Hotchkiss in 1829, and in 1856 Mr. A. L. Cham- berlain became sole proprietor. The latter in 1860 associated with himself Mr. J. L. Deming, and under the firm name and style of A. L. Chamberlain & Co.. these representative mer- chants have successfully conducted the leading general merchandise business of Fair Haven. The firm occupy for trade purposes the " Long Brick Store," at the eastern end of Grand Avenue bridge, utilizing three floors of the building, each 45x125 feet, for storage and display of their valu- able stock of merchandise. Messrs. Chamberlain & Co. are extensive deal- ers in groceries nnd provisions, paints, oils and nails, foreign and domestic liquors, bottled al*' and porter, etc., and have unequaled facilities for supplying the people of this section with su- perior merchandise at lowest prices consistent with the quality of their ejoods. They employ a corps of competent clerks, and fill orders with dispatch, making prompt delivery of merchan- dise free of charge, and warranting every sale to give entire satisfaction. Messrs. Chamberlain and Deming are natives of Durham and New Haven respectively. John T. HUlhouse, Dealer in Drugs, Medi cines, Toilet Articles, Stationery, etc.— The attractlTe pharmacy at No. 40 Grand avenue, now conducted by Mr. Jno. T. Hillhouse, was established in 1878 by Messrs. G. H. Corbin & Co., wlio wpre succeeded by the present proprie- tor nearly four years ago. Mr. John T. Hill- house is a pharmacist and chemist of many 3'ears practical experience, and is held in general re- pute as a master of eveiy detail of his business. He occupies a very desirably locatecl store room and laborator}^ elegantly and tastefully fitted up and appointed, and his stock is always full and complete, comprising fresh and reliable di'ugs and chemicals, stamlard proprietary remedies and preparations, and a full line of novelties and standard articles pertaining to ladies' and gents' toilets, and novelties in fancy goods usually found in first class pharmacies. Mr. Hillhouse is the sole proprietor and manu- facturer of a number of valuable and popular specialties, among which are the famous Ameri- can Cough Dispenser, which is a most effica- cious remedy for coughs, colds, etc., and w\ar- ranted to contain no opium. His Jelly of Roses is a reliable and harmless cosmetic and is very popular, and his Woodland Tonic Bitters is un- rivaled. The reputation of these three leading specialties is widespread, and the demand for them is steadily incrt-asing. Mr. Hillhouse is a native of England, and has had twenty years practical experience as a jiliar- macist. He is a genial, courteous gentleman, and is held in high esteem as a business man and citizen. i Geo. W. H. Hughes, The Independent Low- Priced Coal Dealer, 84 Church Street. — Among the merchants of New Haven who have attained prominence in their special lines of trade, and who have developed a large business by their en- ergy and push, Mr. Geo. VV. II. Hughes has for the past ten years been accounted a leader. He established himself in business here in 1876, and has steadily developed an extensive trade in Coal, Flour, Butter, Teas, Coffees, and Provi- sions generally, and he numbers among his cus- tomers many of the leading housekeepers of the Elm City. He supplies at lowest market prices the be^t coal for domestic purposes, and kas worthily won the name of the Independent Low- Priced Coal Dealer of New Haven. Choice pro- duce, and the most popular brands of flour are always obtainable of Mr. Hughes, and his worth and business methods command the full confi- dence of his patrons. Mr. Hughes occupies two floors of the fine building 24x80 feet in dimensions, and employs a force of courteous clerks and workmen, and the prompt filling and delivery of orders is one of the great secrets of his gratifying suci'ess. The trade of this house is both whole.sale and re- fail, and is steadily growing under able manage- ment. Mr. Hughes is a native of Piospect, Conn., and is a reliable and progressive man of business, whose successful career is the logical sequence of his push, tact and worth. M. E. Terrell, Dealer in Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay and General Merchandise, Main Street, Westville, Conn. — With its oUI-tlme prestige and patronage unimpaired, this house lias for many years held a jwominent place among the mercan- tile interests of Westville, and its trade and influ- ence under the present proprietorship is steadily increasing. The business was established over sixty years ago, by Mr. George Kimberly, Mr. Terrell becondng the proprietor in 1879. The premises compi-ise two floors, a large, double- front building, 60 x 70 feet in dimensions, cen- trally located on Main street, and the establish- ment presents a most attractive appearance in its appointments. The iaciliiits for display and selection of merchandise are all that could be tlesired, and ample accommoilalians for customers are provided. The stock in trade is uniformly large and com- plete, and is made up of choice groceries, the best brands of flour, grain, feed and hay, fresh and cured meats, provisitms and produce, a large line of the best boots and shoes in the market, and a full complement of everything usually looked for in a first-class and well-conducted gen- eral merchandise establishment. The lowest city prices uniform!}^ prevail, and square dealing is the invariable rule of the house. Four compe- tent clerks are employed in the conduct of the large wholesale and retail trade, and orders have prompt attention, merchandise being delivered free of charge to all parts of the town. Mr. Terrell is a native of Simsbur3^ Ct., and is one of the prominent citizens of Westville, as well as one of its representative merchants. He is a member of the School Hoard of the town, and is active in all that tends to the public wel- fare and general good. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 201 Salisbury Brothers, Druggists and Apotlieca ries, No. 6 Grand Avenue.— No department of business in New Haven, or in fact in any city or town, is of more direct importance to the com- munity at large than that of the druggist. In this connection the attention of our readers in particular, and the public in genend, is directed to the establishment of Salisbury Bros., located at 6 Grand avenue, where they have a mosi tastefully fitted up store completely equipped with every appliance and facility for properly carrying on the business. The Messrs. Salisbury were born in Connecti- cut and are both thoroughly experienced phar- macists, and exercise a thorough personal super- vision over their assistants who are kept con- stantly employed. The various drugs and medi- cines to be found here are of the purest character possible, a fact of much importance in the com- pounding of physicians' prescriptions particular- ly. This department is always marked by con- stant increase in the volume of business, compe- tent chemists are employed, and this firm can be relied upon for accuracy in their prescriptions. The business was established forty years ago by Dr. C. S. Thompson, succeeded in 1883 by the present management. In addition to a fine dis play of drugs and patent medicines a full line of fancy and toilet articles is carried. The store and "laboratory cover an area of 24x60 feet and are elegantly equipped throughout. The indi- vidual members of the firm are S. L. and D. T. Salisbury, who, being gentlemen of obliging manners and business tact, well deserve the suc- cess which attends them. Smith & Co., Dealers in Choice Family Gro- ceries, Provisions, ]\Ieat and Fish, No. 7 Broad- way.— Messrs. Smith & Co., are conducting at this location a large retail trade in choice family groceries, provisions, meat and fish, and their es- tablishment, located at No. 7 Broadway, is one ot the popular stores in the city. The business was established in 1869 by Her- man E. Smith, who in 1875 admitted Mr. Fran- cis K. Benham as partner, under the firm name of Smith & Co. Messrs. Smith & Co., deal in every description of goods in the grocery and provision line. The premises occupied are cen- trally located and comprise a large store, 90x25 feet in dimensions and well furnished. The stock is very large, including one of the finest stocks of groceries in this section, embracing both staple and fancy groceries, choice teas and coffees of the finest flavor, also a line of fresh and choice provisions IS carried. Mr. Smith is a na- tive of Milford, Conn., and Mr. Benham, of West Haven, Conn. Both are live, active, business men, and few firms have a higher standing in commercial circles. G. Lehr, Merchant Tailor, 952 Grand Ave., (Atwater's Block).— Owing to the attention given to the tailor's trade, and the employment of skilled labor, the functions of the tailor have, within recent years, steadily developed to the plane of a fine art. The garment must be cut and fitted with accuracy, and in a manner be- coming to the wearer, and finished in a style ot art entirely unknown a few years ago. We would, in this connection, refer to Mr. G. Lebr, merchant tailor, located at No. 952 Grand ave. , in " Atwater's Block," as a leader in his line, his work being unsurpassed either in cut, fit or finish by any one in this section of New Haven. Tins business was established in 1858, by Mr. Lehr, who has since successfully continued it, adding to his patrons year by year, the trade now being very large, aflbrding employment to six experienced hands. The premises occupied are neat and commo- dious and favorably situated ; a heavy and very superior stock is constantly carried, embracing elegant fabrics, imported and domestic cassi- meres, cloths, woolen and worsted goods, checks, plaids, suitings, etc. Mr. Lehr is a native of Germany, and is a gentleman of long experience and unquestionable bkill, being an expert and fashionable cutter, and merits his extensive patronage. Mr. Lehr has taken many degrees among the Odd Fellows; he also a member of the " German Aid Society." M. F. Keneley, Board, Feed, Livery and Coupe Stable, No. 381 and 383 Temple Street. — Although established but one year ago, the board- ing and livery stables of Mr. M. F. Ketieley, No. 38l and 383 Temple street, has already become one of the most popular in New Haven. The establishment is very complete and convenient, and consists of a large two story building, 40x80 feet in size, with every facility for the boarding of horses and care of vehicles, and at reasonable prices horses have the best attention, and board by the day, week or month. Mr. Keneley keeps for livery purposes thirty head of horses and twenty stylish cabs, carriages, coupes, etc., which are let at reasonable rates, special terms being made for weddings, funerals, etc. Orders by telephone or otherwise are attended to with dispatch, and careful drivers are always fur- nished. The turnouts of Mr. Keneley are ele- gant and serviceable and entire reliance is safely Placed in the man and his methods at all times. He is a New Haven man by birth and is held in universal esteem. J. V. Rattelsdorfer, Groceries and Provisions, 33 Greene Street. — Occupying the ground floor and basement of the building No. 33 Greene street, 30x50 feet in size, with two additional rooms for storage, Mr. J. V. UatteL-dorfer enjoys especial facilities for conducting a large city and out-town trade in Groceries and Prov sious. The business was founded in 1881 in Fair Haven, and was removed to the present location in 1883. His stock, which is at all times large and varied, comprises a very carefully sekcted Hssortment of fine Family Groceries, Teas, Sugars, Flour, Canned Goods, Produce and Provisions gener- ally, and it has always been the aim of Mr. Rat- telsdorfer to supply the best merchandise in the market at lowest possible prices. Two courteous clerks are employed in the business, and the house enjoys a position unusually fiivorable for affording its patnms substantial advantages. Mr. Rattelsdorfer is a native of New Haven and is prominent in business and social circles, and his worth and probity have always commend- ed him to the good opinion and confidence of hie customers and the general public. 202 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. Morris Isbell's Sons, Manufacturers of Light and Heavy Express Wagons; also. Manufac- turers of Pure (Jider and Cider Vinegar, 740 Wlialley Avenue. — Tbe wagon factory of INIorris Isbell's Sons is one of the oldest and most impor- tant industries of Westville, tbe business having been inaugurated over half a century ago, by Mr. Morris Isbell, the father of the present pro- prietors, Messrs. Willis B. and Herbert H. Isbell succeeding to tlie business in 1878. The factory of the firm is commodious and Tery complete, being equipped with improved machinery driven by a steam-engine, and a force of skilled workmen are employed in ihe manu- facture of light and 'heavy express wagons, also ■wagon repair work and jobbing of every descrip- tion. The work of the Messrs. Isbell is tirst-cla^s in every particular, and orders for new wagons and repairs are executed in the most satisfactory manner, at short notice and at reasonable prices. The firm are also successfully engaged in the manufacture of pure cider and cider vinegar, with their office and warerooms at No. 746 Whalley avenue, and they are recognized leaders in tills line in the city. The Messrs. Isbell are both natives of Westville, and are business men of sterling worth and inde- fatigable energy. Their promptitude and honor- able methods have always commanded universal confidence, and their extensive business, both in Westville and IMew Haven, is the logical sequence of their business tact, experience and ability. F. H. Woodin, I'hotographer, 831 Chapel St.— Of all the many arls with which we are brought in close contact almost every day of our lives, none, perhaps, has made greater strides towards perfectiim than that of the photographer. The subject of tbe present sketch, Mr. F. II. Woodin, is a gentleman whose fame as a pliotographic artist of the very foremost rank is not by any means confined to tbe city of New Haven and its immediate neighborliood alone, for although the majority of his patrons are residents here he is constantly receiving orders for specimens of his skill from all i)arts of the country. His studio is located at No. 831 Chapel street, next door south of Messrs. Mclntyre & Maguire's, and here may be found many artistic and beautiful specimens of the bigh degree of skill which be has attained in what may be almost termed "the art-preserva- tive of all arts." Although ]\Ir. Woodin has only been in business for himself since 1884, the period since then does not by any means embrace his whole experience of the profession. Previ ous to tbe year mentioned he studied under some of tbe most renowned photographers in the coun- try. Pictures of all kinds are made here, from tbe smallest minette card up to life size, together with exteiior and interior views, all in tbe most artistic manner, and the most careful attention to finish, a point too often neglected by some. Mr. Woodin is also aa artist, as well as a pboto- grapher, beinsr quite an expert in tbe matter of making copies of old pictures in either oil, water color, crayon or ink. Special rates are offered to clubs and societies, and he guarantees satisfac- tion in every instance. H. Bristol, Dealer in General Merchandise, Main Street, Westville. — Tbis is one of the oldest mercantile concerns of Westville, tJie bouse bavmg been founded by Messrs. Cooper & Paine, re- moving here in 1853. In 1800 this firm was suc- ceeded by Messrs. Bristol & McClune, and on the retirement of the junior member of tbis firm in 1883, Mr. Bristol became the sole proprietor. The premises of this enterprising and reliable merchant comprise two floors of his large build- ing, each 80x40 feet in dimensions, and the estab- lishment is throughout admirably adapted to the display and selection of merchandise, the con- venience of customers and the dispatch of busi- ness. The stock is always extensive, and consists of fine fancy and staple Groceries, Flour and Feed, Produce, Provisions, Boots and Shoes, Gents' wear, etc., and choice Wines and Liquors, for- eign and domestic, for medicinal purposes. Everything desirable in this wide range of merchandise is supplied at lowest city prices and goods are warranted satisfactory, and full confi- dence is universally inspired by the business methods and worth of tbis representative dealer. Tbe extent of Mr. Bristol's trade necessitates the employment of four competent clerks, and orders are promptly filled and goods dispatched to a.11 parts of tbe town free of charge. C. E. Katsch, Jeweler. 125 Church St.— Very marked improvement has been effected in the jewelry trade as is amply attested hy the display made in our establisbments devoted to this bnmch of business. A gentleman who receives a huge and liesirable patronage, numbering among bis customers many of tbe well-to do residents of tbe city, is Mr. C. E. Katsch, of 125 Cburch street, a practical and expert workman, who has had a long experience, and is therefore thoroughly conversant with every feature of his trade. This house was founded bj" Mr. Katsch in 1861, and has from the first enjoyed a liberal measure of popular favor, tlie trade growing year by year, until now it is very substantial. He occu- pies a large, conveniently arranged store, where all kinds of jewelry, etc., may be found; repair- ing of all kinds is done in the most superior manner. 3Ir. C. E. Katsch is a native of New Haven, and by his energy and ability has won many friends in the community. New York Grocery, D. Dore, 573 to 579 Grand Ave. — We know of no more worthy ex- ample of the old established and representative houses of New Haven than the popular establish- ment of D. Dore, better known as the "New York Grocery," Nos. 573 and 579 Grand ave. Tills hou^e possesses a valuable and extended experience in the grocery interest. Having begun business in the present location in 1876, and by his liberal treatment of customers has rapidly advanced in public favor. Mr. Dore occupies a larije store, consisting of four storifS and occupying an area of 50 x 85 feet; these premises are well stocked, and very conveniently arranged, and the trade is very large, both in wholesale and retail. A force of ten assistants are in attendance, thus ensuring the patrons of the firm prompt attention. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 2m A large and well-selected stock of uniceries is kept on hand, inclnding the best brands of flour, choicest teas and coffees, and everything in the line of staple and fancy groceries; also, a fresh supply daily of all kimis of meats, including beef, mutton, hams, etc., and in connection with the above, Mr. Dore carries a large stock of crockery-ware, candies, etc.. No inferior goods are sold, and every effort is made to avoid adul- terated articles. The low prices and fine assort- ment carried has given this establishment the large trade it enjoys. Mr. Dore is an active business man, and en- joys the respect and esteem of the community. The store is large and well appointed, while the assortment and prices are not excelled by any other house in this section of New Haven. M. Texido, Jr., Dealer in Fish, Oysters, Lob- sters, Clams and Sea Food generally, at Whole- sale and Retail, 674 Grand Avenue. — The whole- sale and retail fish and oyster establishment of Mr. M. Texido, Jr., is one of the popular sources «f sea food supply in New Haven, and since the business was established, four years ago, it hss been a most popular market for the retail trade of tiiis city. The firm was originally M. Texido d St. — In most of the important building operations in Fair Haven and vicinity, the above named firm have taken a prominent part, and their skill and worth is attested by their work in planning and erecting many of the principal buildings which have gone up in this growing suburb of New Haven during the past fourteen years. The office and workshop of the firm are located at No. 253 Lloyd street, and the large business requires the constant employment of from twelve to fifteen competent carpenters. Plans and esti- mates are furnished at short notice, and contracts are made and faithfully executed by the Messrs. Lowe, whose worth and skill have met with recognition in a constant demand for their ser- vices. All kinds of jobbing and repair work is done at short notice, and confidence in the ability of the firm to plan and execute everything in the building line in the best style of architectural art universally obtains. Messrs. Richard C. and Henry E. Lowe are the individual members of this representative firm. They are master builders of long experi- ence, and are recognized leaders in this field of industrial activity in New Haven. George E. Somers, Dealer in Groceries, 104 Church Street. — Among the establishments in New Haven that deserve favorable mention is that of George E Somers. The business was started in 1865 by Neat & Somers, succeeded in 1866 by Somers & Stowe, until 1876, when Mr. George F. Somers assumed entire control, and being a gentleman of wide experience, his ability and entef prise has gained for him a constantly increasing patronage. The premises occupied comprise a commodious store consisting of two floors, 80x20 feet in diameter and appropriately fitted up with every facility. A fine and com- plete stock is carried, embracing everything es- sential to the grocery trade. Mr. Somers is pre- pared to offer his patrons the very best that the market affords at low prices, and as goods are secured direct from leading jobbers and manu- facturers in large quantities, the proprietor can afford to offer inducements in prices and quality and variety of stock, that can be duplicated by but few and excelled by none. We commend Mr. Somers to those desiring the choicest goods at lowest prices. He is liberal and enterprising, and sustains a most excellent business and social standing. Several capable assistants are em- ployed to wait on customers, which is done in a polite and prompt manner. Mr. Somers is a na- tive of Orange, Conn., and numbers his patrons and friends by the score. 204 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. John Draine, Die Sinker, Letter Cutter and Seal Engraver, 68 Orange Street. — Those wish- ing the services of a die sinker, letter cutter or seal engraver, •will find it to their advantage to call on Mr. John Draine, at No. 68 Orange street, for, while his work is of the very best quality, his charges are as low as can be made for such work, and all commissions are executed prompt ly and accurately. Mr Draine has been in business since 1871 and has established a large and growing trade. He will furnish to order any of the following articles: Seal stamps, burning brands, stencil plates of all kinds, notatorial, office and lodge seals, pattern plates, badges, door plates and numbers, cancelling s amps, ribbons, stencil inks, brushes and rubber stamps of everj'^ description. Mr. Draine occupies one floor 60x15 feet, and affords employment to four skilled workmen. He is a native of New York City. In the de- signing of seals of various kinds he has shown great talent, particularly in those intended for lodge seals. He furnishes burning brands of any desired pattern, so made as to always leave a clear and uneffaceable impression when properly used, and also does a Inrge business in door plates, which are got up after the latest designs in any alphabet desired, and at prices to suit all puisis. Rubber stamps, which are so rapidly coming into general use by reason of their many good qualities when properly made, are handled largely, and pocket stamps are also made. A epecial feature is made of die sinking and letter cutting. C. F. Tuttle, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Liquors, Wines, and Choice Family Groceries, No. 21 Broadway. — Special attention is directed in this historical review of New Haven to the re- liable and old-established house of C. F. Tuttle, whose extensive store is located at No. 21 Broad way, New Haven, Conn., wholesale and retail dealer in liquors and wines, also choice family groceries, etc. There are probabl}^ few articles so hard to obtain unadulterated as wines and liquors, and only by the greatest care in purchas- ing, either by the consumer or retailer, can the quality be assured. This enterprising house was established in 1848 by Wm. Tuttle, succeeded by A. A. Tuttle in 1851, and in 1856 the present ])roprietor, Mr. C. F. Tuttle, assumed entire control. In conse- quence of the unrivaled superiority of his goods his trade has rapidly increased, necessitating the use of three stories 20x65 feet in dimensions, and a large trade both wholesale and retail is done. The stdck comprises a splendid selection of for- eign and domestic wines and liquors of everj^ de- scription, including champagnes, clarets, sher- ries, ports, brandies, gins, and Scotch and Irish whiskies which are absolutely unexcelled by those of any other first-class house. A complete line of groceries are also kept constantly on hand, including teas, coffees, spices, etc. The equitable manner in which this business is Conducted, as well as the excellent quality of their goods, are guarantees sufficiently ohvious why dealers, jobbers and consumers would do well to place their orders with this progressive and representative house. Wing Ying LooDg & Co., Importers of all kinds of Tens and China Goods, No. 26 Congress Avenue. — Wine, perhaps excepted, there is no beverage in the world that has had so much said and sung in its favor as has tea. That is tea as it should be, of a good quality in its pristine purity and with its beneficent powers unspoiled by adulteration or improper handling. This tea can be obtained at the establishment of gentle- men who, being born and brought up in the heart of the tea country, should he, and are emi- nently well fitted to pronounce upon its value and understand how it should be handled. Messrs. U. L. Frank and Charles Toon, now comprise the firm of Wing Ying Loong & Co., at No. 26 Congress avenue, where Mr. Toon es- tablished hims'elf in 18';3, and Mr. Frank entered the firm in 1883, since which time they have thoroughly gained the confidence of the commu- nity as gentlemen who not only understand per- fectly the goods in which they deal, but who can be relied upon to truthfully represent the articles they sell. They are natives of Canton, China, and owing to the commercial relations enjoyed in their native country are enabled to procure reliable goods, where those of another nation could not. They deal not only in Teas, but in Coffees, Spices and Chinese goods in general. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail, extends over all the country within a radius of thirty miles of New Haven, and is increasing at a rate which shows how these goods, and square, honorable dealing are appreclHted. There are some articles in stock which it is safe to say can be found nowhere else in New Haven, if indeed they can in Connecticut, and the exquisite skill and neatness everywhere manifest will surprise as much as it will delight the visitor, whose ac- quaintance with Chinamen has hitherto been con- lined to the uneducated class. The members of the firm are educated gentlemen, who not only dress as we do but speak perfect English. P. Wm. Schneider, Merchant Tailor, No. 407 State Street. — The garments leaving a first- class tailor's are now cut and fitted in a high style of art. Among those who have acquired a reputation in this" line in New Haven is Mr. F. Wm. Schneider, merchant tailor, locatt d at No. 407 State street. This gentleman enjoys a large and desirable patronage. Mr. Schneider, who is a native of Germany and a resident of the United States some years, sue ceeded to this business in 1881, and Iims gained a first-class custom . The store is equipped with a large and carefully selected stock, comprising both imported and domestic fabrics, woolens, worsteds cassimeres, cloths, checks, plaids, etc., ten expert hands being employed. With a thorough knowledge of the business, and having acquired the reputation of expeit as cutter of fashionable male attire, Mr. Schneider has established what is now one of the most pop- ular custom tailoring enterprises of the city. He has also acquired a well deserved reputation for strict attention to business and care in the fit and fashion of garments. The prices will be found very reasonable, and the large custom which Mr. Schneider enjoys is but a natural consequence. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW HAVEN. 205 The Hoyt Bros. Co., Planters. Shippers, and Wholesale Dealers in Native Oysters, River St., foot of Ferry, New Haven. — Among those bouses which have made New Haven one of the great oyster markets of the country, and the principil source of supply of this merchandise for export. The Hoyt Bros. Co. have for thirteen years lield a most prominent place. This com- pany is one of the leading concerns in New Entjland engaged in the planting and shipping of native oysters. They operate two establishments, at Fair Ha- ven and South Norwalk respectively, and their trade, which is largely export, has attained im- portant proportions. The Hoyt Bros. Co. deal exclusively in shell oysters, and employ a large number of hands in catching and shipping this merch uidise. They own extensive grounds and raise their own product, and in the Old World and the New the house is famous for tlie superior quality of their goods, and the excellent condi tion in which they are delivered in foreign coun- tries, owing to their facilities for packing for export. Messrs. Chas. W. and W. H. Hoyt and Geo. H. Townsend compose this representative con- cern. They are all natives of New Haven, and are business men of push, energy and enterprise, and have heen eminently succes-iful in develop- ing a large European trade in oysters, and may well be regarded as pioneers in the establishment of a branch of industry which is of more than national importance. Excelsior Lubricating Company, Manufac- turers and Dealers in Castor >Iachinery, Kuby Engine and Amber Cylinder Oils, Platers' Com- pounds, Wire Drawing and Anti-Friction Crreases; Office, 278 Elm Street, New Haven; Works, Derby Avenue; W. H. Beecher & Co., Proprietors. — Connected as it is in so many dif- ferent ways with all kinds of manufactures, no branch of industrial activity is of more wide- spread importance than that of the manufacture of refined tallow and lubricating oils, and the reputation of New Haven's leading houses in this line is of the highest possible character. Prominent, and in fact occupying the foremost position, is the well known firm of W. H. Beecher & Co., wlio.se offices are located at No. 278 Elm street. The business was originally es- tablished as far back as 1837, when the firm name was E. Hull & Sons This co partnership lasted for just thirty years. In 1868 Mr. W. H. Beecher became the proprietor, and adopt< d the present firm name, the "C!o. ," however, being merelj^ nominal. Mr. Beecher has had a lengthy experience in the business, and in all his trans- actions brings to bear a thorough practical knowledge of the refining of tallow and manu- facture of lubricating and machinery oils, etc. Since 1883 the oil business has been carried on under the name of "Excelsior Lubricating Co." The works are on Derby avenue, and fitted up in the most complete manner with every possi- ble labor-saving appliance, the motive power for which is supplied by a forty horse-power boiler. A strict personal supervision is exercised over the many different departments, and as a conse- quence the oils and lubricants have ever main- tained the same high standard of excellence, and once introduced they are permanently retained in consumption thereafter. ]\Ir. Beecher is an extensive dealer in hides, skins, fat and Neats- foot oil. Ever since he commenced business he has been no'ed for his honorable mf^thods and sterling integrity, and he Iims undoubtedly suc- ceeded in making his establishment a representa- tive one in every respect. 206 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEW UA VEN. O ~pp "p^ T /^ p^ ^ (^ Tp T^ "T12r fp CONSOLIDATED MERCANTILE AGENCY, iDal aiid Inter-State Law aiii Collection i AND OF THE MERCHAHTS' PROTECTIVE AND COLLECTION /IGENCY. COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS. NOTARY PUBLIC. PROCTOR IN ADMIRALTY. CYRUS B. WHITCOMB, A-ttorney and Coiansellor at Law, 82 CHURCH STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. Will Pkactick in State and Federal Courts. Eveuings at Residence in Derby, Conn. Telephone Connections at liotti Offices. City Office Hours. 10 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. Special attention given to Corporation and Sliipping Law: all General Law Business; Mercantile Collections will receive- personal attention at important points throuKhout the United States and British Provinces by co-operating Attorneys and Agencies. J. E. Pendleton, D, D, S, i^EW YORK COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY.) Careful attention given to all Operations of the Mouth jmd Teeth. Artificial Teeth without Plates by the "Sheffield Crowning Process" and "Bridge Work." 749 CHAPEL STREET. A. C. RAYMOND, Bookseller, Stationer, — AND — BLANK BOOK MANUFA.OTUREE, No. i6 Center St., New Haven, Conn. Town, Prol)ate Record and Account Books of every de- scription on hand and made to order. LEGAL AND PROBATE BLANKS OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. Book Binding and Printing by Experienced and Skillful Workmen. Chaeles H. WebBj 8_^o Chapel Street^ NK^W HAVEN, CONN". The Care of Real and Personal Proferty and Estates a specialty. H. I. Stevei^s, D. D. S., Dentist, Office, No. 1 Smith's Building^ Ne.xtdoor to the Corner of Chapel and Temple Streets, NEW HAYEN, CONN. GRADUATE OF BALTIMORE DENTAL COLLEGE, L, W, ROBINSON, Architect, 847 CHAPEL STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. TOUNG men's institute BUILDING. AUSTIN B. FULLER, Penti3T, ELM STREET, Corner of State, NEW HAVEN, CONN. WATERBURY. Waterbury is twenty miles nortliwest from New Haven, and lies between the Naugatuck and Mad rivers. On either side of the city the hills^rise gradually to a considerable height. The Indian name of the town was Mattatuck, and was originally a part of Farmington, and the land comprised within the town limits was purchased from the Indians August 21, 1674. The breaking out of King Philip's war the following year retarded the settlement of the place. The ancient limits of the town, as conveyed by the Indians and patented by the State to the proprietors, extended from north to south, on both sides of the Naugatuck river, a distance of sixteen miles, and for ten miles from east to west, and included what are now Waterbury, Watertown and Plymouth, and parts of Middlebury, Wolcott, Oxford and Prospect. The site for the town was at first fixed on a ridge on the west bank of the Nau- gatuck river, about a mile from the present location, which to this day is called ■" Town Plot;" but this jDroject was abandoned on account of the exposed situation, before any buildings were erected, the fear of depredations from the Indians inspired by the disastrous King Philip's war, leading them to fix their habitations on the same side of the river with their friends at Farmington, In 1678 streets were laid out on the present site of the city. At this time the settlers were obliged to ■carry their corn to the mill, a distance of twenty miles, through a pathless wilder- ness, and in 1680 Stephen Hopkins, of Hartford, erected a mill on Mad (then Mill) river. In 1686 Mattatuck was incorporated under the name of Waterbury. The town was first represented in the legislature in May, 1689, by Ensign Thomas Judd, who was succeeded the following year by Lieutenant John Stanley. At this time the number of male residents between sixteen and seventy years of age was thirty- «even. The first resident minister in Waterbury was Rev. Jeremiah Peck, Sr., of Greenwich, who continued in the pastorate until shortly prior to his death in 1699. The first house of worship was erected in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and was a small and inconvenient structure, which was replaced in 1729 by a, new building 40x50 feet in dimensions. Depredations by the Indians in 1707 and 1710 retarded the growth of the settle- ment. In addition to the Indian troubles the alluvial lands on the Naugatuck were almost destroyed by flood in February, 1691, and again in 1709; and in 1713 an epidemic carried off nearly one-sixth of the population. Samuel Hopkins, D.D., an eminent divine, was born in Waterbury, September 17, 1721. He graduated from Yale College in 1741. He was licensed to preach in May, 1742, and was ordained December 28, 1743, at Great Barrington, then Housa- tonnoc. 208 WATERBURT, PAST AND PRESENT. Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, a physician of great skill and reputation in his day, and a poet of more than local fame, was also a native of Waterbury. He was born in this place June 19th, 1750, and died in Hartford in 1801. He was one of the founders of the Medical Society of Connecticut, and he was eminent for his literary ability, and his labors and time were divided among such writers as Humphreys, Dwight, Barlow, Trumbull, and others. The first fulling mill in Waterbury was doubtless erected prior to 1713, and at this time, it is said, there was but one clothier in the colony — Abraham Fulford, of Woodbury. As early as 1686 the court ordered New Haven and Mattatuck to make a road between the two settlements, and this was the second road connecting Waterbury with other towns. It ran along the east side of Naugatuck river, and was used as a road to Judd's Meadow until 1721, when the highway on the west side of the river was constructed. It was the only thoroughfare to New Haven until the present turnpike road was laid out in 1802. The Indian wars and floods of the early part of the eighteenth century, together with the "great sickness," which carried off a large percentage of the population in 1712, left the settlers in an impoverished condition, and about this time a great many of the proprietors left the settlement. The earliest school record bears date 1698. In December of that year "ye town granted thirty shillings, with jq last yeir's rent of ye scooll land for ye incur- agraent of a scoll for four moneths or longer if it can be obtayned, and Deacon Thomas Judd, Ensign Standly and John hopkins Avas chosen a eomraitty to endeav- iour to procure one to keep scool to teach in righting as well as reading." There is reason to believe that Thomas Judd, Jr., taught a school in Waterbury in 1709. For more than forty years after the settlement of the place Waterbury had but one school and that at the center, and until 1710 there was but one school-house and that a small one, 14x16 feet in size. This school was taught by a "schoolmaster" for three or four months during the cold season of each year, and by a " school- dame," if need be, during part of the other seasons. In 1730 schools were established at Judd's Meadow and at Wooster Swamp. In 1694 the taxable list was £1,554, in 1712 £2,415, and in 1725 £2,757. Prior to 1700 all the people of the town lived at the "Centre." Buck's Hill was settled about 1703, and Break Neck Hill was first spoken of in 1688. An act of legislature declared that no negro or mulatto child born in Connecti- cut after March, 1784, should be held in servitude any longer than their arrival at the age of twenty-five years. Slaves who were found out after dark were obliged to show passes, and were whipped if unable to produce them, and even free negroes were obliged to have passes. A large majority of the people living in Waterbury at the breaking out of the Revolutionary War were firm champions of colonial rights. After the meeting of Congress in 1774 a resolution was adopted unanimously at a town meeting called for the purpose to adhere to the association entered into by Congress. During the war Waterbury furnished more men for the Continental army than any other town in the State. The eighth company of the first regiment of Connec- ticut troops was raised in Watertown. Phineas Porter was captain of this company, Stephen Matthews, first lieutenant, Isaac Bronson, second lieutenant, and David % WATERBURY, PAST AND PRESENT. 209 Smith, ensign. These troops were enlisted for seven months and most of them re-enlisted. In 1776 Congress made a requisition on Connecticut for troops, and the State Legislature passed an act to raise seven regiments. Phineas Porter was major of the Fifth Regiment, and the sixth company was from Waterbury. The officers were: John Lewis, Jr., captain; Jas. Warner, first lieutenant; M. Bronson, second lieutenant; Jas. Beach, Jr., ensign. In November of 1776 the legislature ordered that four battalions should be raise>d. The officers of one company in the second battalion, which was recruited in Waterbury, were: Benj. Richards, captain; J. Bronson, Jr., first lieutenant; Mr. Law, second lieutenant; Benj. Fenn, Jr., ensign. On the other hand quite a number of the people of Waterbury left the place and joined the forces of the enemy. Among these was Moses Dunbar, who, having returned to the town, attempted to raise a company for the British service. He was taken, with a commission from King George on his person, and was convicted and hanged in Hartford, and the gallows, which was exposed, was left standing as a warning to others. At the close of the Revolutionary war the town of Waterbury was very poor. Its principal part and richest section had been taken away to form parts of other towns. The population in 1790 was 2,937, and in 1800 3,256. On the 7th of November, 1791, sixty members of the old church of Wallingford, now Meriden, organized the Second Baptist Church in Wallingford, and in 1817 the members of this congregation who resided in Waterbury erected a house of worship there, which they occupied until the present building was erected in 1835. Elder Jesse Frost was the first pastor. The present Methodist Episcopal society in Waterbury was organized in 1815, and origina-lly consisted of five persons, but they struggled on, though despised and unpopular, for sixteen years, until, in 1831, a great revival of religion was experi- enced and the society soon afterwards was increased to 100 members. Their first house of worship was erected in 1833 and dedicated April 2 7 of that year. In 1852 the membership had increased to 260, with a well-conducted Sabbath school with 200 scholars. Rev. Davis Stocking was the first minister. Waterbury was incorporated as a city in the year 1853. The population in 1850 was 5,137, and from the United States census it appears that the city, exclusive of the town, had in 1870 a population of 10,826, and in 1880 it had increased to 17,806. At this rate of increase the inhabitants of the city of Waterbury must at thig writing number 28,000; some enthusiastic citizens claim a population of 30,000. The site of the city is a very desirable one, and is surrounded on all sides except the west or river side by hills. It has many fine residences, a paid fire department, gas and electric lights, and a most excellent school system. Near the centre of the town is a handsome public park, tastefully laid out, and the soldiers' monument at the end, opposite the City Hall, is an imposing and beautiful monument to the deceased soldiers of the war of the rebellion. On the west side of the river is Riverside cemetery, containing over forty acres, one of the most attractive features of this beautiful, picturesque section. The City Hall is a very handsome edifice, with brown stone front, surmounted by a fine tower and clock. It contains the offices of the city and town authorities. The Bronson Free Library is contained in this building and is one of the most com- 210 WATERBURY, PAST AND PRESENT. plete and extensive in New England. It was endowed by Silas Bronson, with $200,000, and has more than 18,000 volumes, to which the citizens have free access. The church buildings are generally elegant models of architectural skill. In 1847 the Catholics in Waterbury numbered 100, and Rev. M. O'Neill was permanently located here. In 1847 they bought the old Episcopal church property, and have now a beautiful church structure of gothic style of architecture. Manufacturing was begun in Waterbury during the Revolutionary War by Lieu- tenant Andrew Welton, who manufactured guns at Buck's Hill for the Continental army. He subsequently removed his shop to Mad river. In 1790 Jas. Harrison began making wooden clocks by hand and also shoe heels, reels, etc. The first clock charged on his books was sold to Major Morris, January, 1791, for £3 12s. About 1800 he began working in a little shop on the south side of North Main street, and constructed on the little brook there the first water-wheel in Waterbury. He after- wards removed to New York and was succeeded by Mark Leavenworth. The prop- erty was subsequently purchased by the Beecher Mfg. Co., and was converted into a broadcloth mill, and that afterwards into a suspender factory. In 1810 Mark Leavenworth, W. K. Lawson and Anson Sperry began the manu- facture of wooden clocks on a large scale. The first metal buttons were made by John Hopkins about 1754. They were of block tin or pewter. Henry, Samuel and Silas Grilley (brothers), were the first to manufacture moulded metal buttons. The manufacture of gilt buttons led to the establishment of brass and copper mills, and was begun in 1802 by the firm of Abel Porter & Co. They employed eight or nine hands. The buttons were concave, convex and oval, with gilt faces. Gold was liberally used, as much as $3 worth of the precious metal being used for one gross of buttons. In 1808 the works were extended and began using water power. Shortly after the war of 1812 the manufacture of brass and copper wire was introduced, and at this date this industry has reached important proportions. As may be seen from the following pages, Waterbui-y contains some of the largest manufacturing concerns in the United States. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURY Wm. H. Smith, Contractor aud Builder, Man- ufacturer of Mouldings, etc., 10 Benedict Street, Waterbury. — In the extensive and enterprising; circle of mechanical industry, where energy and talent are combined, and which are essential to success, we find the proprietor of the above es- tablishment. Mr. Smith came to this city in 1882, and by skill and perseverance he is to day, only five years since his arrival, one of Waterbury's well- to-do and respected citizens. He is a self-made man and may justly be proud of the name he has acquired as a contractor and builder, and no small part of the dwelling houses in all four cor- ners of the city have been built by this enter- prising business concern. Although a very disas- trous fire, not so verj"^ long ago, laid his factory in ashes, it was not very long before Mr. Smith had rebuilt, and since then his business has so steadiljr increased that it is running to its utmost capacity. Many people are to-day owners of nice little homesteads acquired by buying them on the instalment plan, aud Mr. Smith has built a number of houses in advance in this city, and then sold them on very reasonable terms. Mr. Smith also does an extensive business in general jobbing, is well known as a stair build- er, and makes a specialty of church, store and oflBce work. Orders are promptly attended to and neatly executed, and he constantly keeps on hand a complete stock pertaining to the several branches of his business. Door and window frames made to order. Mr. Smith was born in Oswego county. New York State, in 1848. He came to this city in 1882 without money or friends, and is to day universally esteemed as a most honorable busi- ness man, counting his friends by the score. The success of this house is an evidence of what may be accomplished by enterprise and industry combined with a thorough understanding of the wants of the public. The large business aonducted by this gentleman is constantly increasing. American Pin Company, 73-93 E. Main Street, Waterbury. — Among the important man- ufacturing and commercial enterprises which contribute to the standing and progressive spirit- of the city of Waterbury is that of the 'American Pin Co." This firm manufactures all sorts of wire goods, including brass and iron pins, wire point- ed any length, hooks and eyes of every style, patent standard button fasteners, a specialty be- ing made by this enterprising house of double- pointed pins. This company also manufactures artistic fancy goods in plush, satin, brass, etc., of which they make a specialtj' for the art trade. These comprise plush placque frames, brass placques, easels, fancy plush boxes, all in new and original designs. The variety is not only very large, but the company are constantly add- ing novelties in all the lines manufactured by them. These goods are uoav found in the lead- ing art stores ot the United States. "The factory, which comprises many buildings, is located at Nos. 73-93 E. Main street, and the principal depots for the sale of their goods are at 10-12 Thomas and 78-80 Worth streets. New York. The business was founded in 1846 and has steadily increased. The capital invested in the business is now $100,000 and the facilities en- joyed by the house are unsurpassed by any of their contemporaries. They give employment to a large force of skilled workmen and the busi- ness extends throughout the country. In its business policy this company is liberal, enter- prising and reliable and the goods which bear its stamp cannot be considered as inferior to any manufactured in this country. The company was incorporated in 1846. Mr, J. S. Elton is the President and Mr. T. I. Driggs is Secretary and Treasurer. The trade at large are so familiar with the superiority of the output of the company as to require no fur- ther comment at our hands, and the high stand- ing is such as entitles the American Pin Co. to the respect with which they are regarded. S12 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBUR7. trr> 1 C±3 on O t=c3 TS ;^q S 0=:! :=) PQ ciS cc o P!=) Pl-H ex2 ♦a 1 X. CLZ) Si^ LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATEBBVRY. 213 Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Co., Wateibury. — The seed from which has spruug this colossal enterprise, the chief of Waterbury's many exten- sive industries, was sown in 1812 by DeMCon Aaron Benedict, who inaugmated the niuiiufac lure of bone and ivory buttons. In 1823 this en- terprising pioneer associated with himself several other public-spirited citizens and organized a stock company for the manufacture of gilt but- tons, and it has been truthfully said that "the pr-ispt-rity of Waterbury as a manufacturing town dates from the forauUion of this company." A new firm was formed in 1829, one of the partners being Mr. James Croft, an Englishman skilled in this branch of industry. In 1834 the name of the firm was changt d to Benedict & Burnham, and in 1843 the Benedict & Burnham Manutacturing Company was organized as the successors of The firm List named. This was the tirst corporation for manufactur ing purposes formed in Waterbury, and under this style and name the business has attainetl its present great proportions. In 1848 the ciii)ilal of the company was increased from $100,000 to $200,000, and in 1856 it was again doubled to meet the requirements of the large trade devel- oped. The company are now engaged in the manu- facture of the following goods on a most exten- sive scale: high brass, low brass, gilding metal, German silver, and copper in the roll, sheet, wire, tubings, castings. ;ind all vnrieties of phdn and figured designs, "seamless drawn brass and copper tubing; brass and German silver head- ings, and fancy wires, patent insulated copper wire, composition and rubber for every descrip- tion of electrical purposes, brass eyelets for shoes, corsets, etc. ; wrought brass butt hinges, patent drop handles or drawer pulls, in wood and gilt, new and elegant designs in gib, antique pattern. Special patterns and designs are furnished on application, brass and copper rivets and burs, patent wick burners, coal oil lamp burners, and lamp trimmings of all kinds and descriptions. The works cover an area of twelve acres and comprise numerous buildings, the main structure being nearly 500 feet squnre. The aggregate length of the four principal buildings is about 1,400 feet. The equipment of this extensive es- tablishment is com pi. te in general as well as de- tail, tiie valuable machinery of the most im- proved patterns being operated by steam and water. Two large and three small engines, of an aggregate of 1 Ol)0 horsepower, besides water wheels, furnish the motive power, and an army of 800 operatives find constant employment in the works. A fixed and steadfast purpose on the part of the management to maintain the reputation of their goods "for superiority of workmanship and finish,"" and beauty of de>igns in their specialties, and to excel in all things, has resulted in success most gratifying, and the concern is a monument to the worth and enterprise of the officers " more enduring than brass." Following Mr. Aaron Benedict in the manage- ment of the company, liis son, Mr. Charles Ben- edict, was president and treasurer of the com pany until his death in 1881, with Mr. Dickinson as secretary. Mr. Charles Dickinson is now the president, Mr. E. L. Bronson the treasurer, and Mr. E. L. Frisbie, Jr.. the secretary of the company. Mr. Dickinson is one of the most influential citizens and most enterprising manufacturers of the State. He is responsibly connected with some of the leading industries of Waterbury and his executive ability in his present position and his financial worth as treasurer of the company for j'ears have largely contributed to the achieve- ment of grand results Messrs. Bronson and Frisbie are business men of tact and energy, and the important interests committed to their hands are in every way well and faithfully subserved. The depots of the corporation are at No. 17 North Seventh street, Phihidelphia, No. 24 Oliver street, Boston, and No. 13 Murray street. New York. The products of the factory arc shipped to all parts of the United States and to many foreign markets. The immense factory of this company is illustrated on the opposite page. Hotchkiss Paper Company, 13, 15 and 17 Cedar Street, Waterbury. — Among the many pushing and enterprising business firms for which Waterbury is so justly noted, the Hotch- kiss Paper Company, doing business at Nos. 13, 15 and 17 Cedar street is distinguished. The Company began business some ten years ago and under the shrewd and far-seeing guidance of Mr. E. M. Hotchkiss, who has been its manager from the start, it has extended and increased its busi- ness annually, until to-day, in a city full of more than ordinarily enterprising and successful firms, it is fairly entitled to the leading position as- cribed to it at the beginning of this article. Some idea of the business which is done may be gained from a mention of the fact that five iiioors, each 50x45 feel in dimensions, are occupied, in order to provide adequate accommodation for the enor- mous stock necessary to supi>ly the demand for the company's goods. An exclusively wholesale business is done and emi)loyment is aff'orded to five assistants. The stock carried is not alone remaikable for size, but also for variety, for one gains but a very imperfect and inadequate idea of the scope of the company's transactions from the name under which the business is carried on — The Hotchkiss Paper Comiiany. Not only is paper, in the almost innumerable forms into which it is manufactured, dealt in, but large sales are made of buckets for all pur- poses, brooms, butter utensils, carpet lining and tacks, coal sieves, flour buckets, scoops, etc., lamp burners and chimneys, money drawers, shoe, stove and scrubbing brushes; and in fact we might continue on through the entire alpha- bet before we exhausted the catalogue of goods handled. Lack of space forbids this extended' mention, however, and we will only add that Mr. Hotchkiss will be found a most agreeable gentle- man to do business with, and that the resources of the company enables him, its manager, to sell goods as low as the lowest. The goods handled by this representative con- cern find their way to all parts of this and adjoin- ing StHtes, and their already large trade is rapidly increasing, and extending in volume and import- ance each year. 814 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURT. The Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Ma- chine Co., 223 Bank Street, Waterbury.— The growth of Waterbury as a great miuiuracturing city, has of late years been almost phenomenal, and its facilities for all kinds of industrial activ- ity have been thoroughly and practically demon- strated. Among the concerns most prominent in building up the prosperity and growth of the city, is the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Ma- chine Company, No. 223 Bank Street. The works of the company cover several acres of ground, and some 200 are employed in the various departments of the business. Dull seasons are un- known to the company, and no man is ever dis- charged during the course of the entire year, most of the workmen having been with the firm for years. The firm has made all rolling mills in Waterbury, and most ot those in the adjacent towns, and also for several large firms in the West, among which we will mention The Detroit Brass and Copper Rolling Mills, and the Chicago Brass Compan}% where the mills turned out by this factory will be found in succesHful operation They have also on hand a larue Cf)ntract for iron work for Copper Kolling Mills; Rome Iron Works, Rome, N. Y. ; large *wire mill building for Bridgeport Brass Co.; large press for Win Chester Repeating Arms Co. ; large Hydraulic Draw Benches for Randolph & Clowes and for Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Co., both of this city. The Company manufactures the following arti- cles: Dies and Punches: Die Sinking and Drilling Machine for tool making; Draw Benches: Tube Draw Benches, endless chain; Tube Draw Beuclies, hydraulic power; improved (patent) hydraulic valve; Wire Drawing Machinery. Drop Presses : Portable Dn p Presses; Drop Pre-ses without Poppets; Drop Presses with 4 Poppet*; Drop Pre>^ses with 6 Poppets. Foot Presses: Single or kick-lever Foot Presses; Compound weighted lever Foot Presses; Knuckle Joint Foot Presses. Furnaces: Annealing Furnaces; Casting Furnaces; Tempering Furnaces. Grind- ing Machines: Die Grii ders; Grinding Machines for steel rolls, reamers, etc.; Grinding Machines for steel springs. Headers: Single Stroke Open Die Head- ers; Single Stroke Solid Die Headers; Double Stroke Open Die Headers; Double Stroke Solid Die Headers; Special Stove Rod Headers; Special Double End Head- ers. Lathes: Buffing Lathes, Burnishing Lathes, Screw Cutting Lathes, Spinning Lathes, Tapping Lathes, Trimming Lathes. Metal Saw Benches; Metal Scrnp- ing Machines; Metal Straightening Ma- chines. Power Presses: Open Back Blank- ing Presses; Open Back Drawing Presses; Arch or pillar blanking Presses; Arch or pillar drawing Presses; solid back punch- ing Presses; combined punch and shear Presses; horizontal drawing Presses; rack and pinion Presses; adjustable inclined Presses; double acting crank Presses; double acting cam Presses; double aciing single adjustment Presses; double plunger Presses; toruiing Presses; embossing pres- ses; ratchet dial feed attHchments; friction dial and friction roll feed attachments; other styles of special feeds; adjustable beds and fixtures; knuckle joint Power Press's. The above Presses either plain or back-geared. Roll- ing Mills: Rolling Mills for rolling brass or cop- per, silver or biilaniiia, grading spoon blanks, etc., for jewelers' use. Rolls: Chilled iron rolls, cast steel rolls, water circulating rolls. Screw Presses. Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, etc. Shears: Hand shears for cutting sheet metal; power shears all sizes for mill use; squaring shears and shear presses; special shears for cut- ting circles. Slitting Machines and Gang Sit- ters. Threading Machines: Machines for rolling threads on screw or bolt blanks; Machines for threading sheet metal screws or covers. Wire: Wire straightening and cutting machines; wire forming machines; wire reducing or pointing machines. In additi )u to the above machines, we make special machines used in the manufac- ture of Spoons, Forks, Lamps, Burners, Bolts, Rivets, Nuts, Washers, Locks, Hinges, Buckles, Buttons, Clocks, Watch Cases, Ferrules, Tliim- bles. Jewelry, Steel Sp'ings, Cartridges, etc. Mr. E. C. Lewis is the President and Mr. W. E. Fulton the Secretary and Treasurer of the concern. Mr. Lewis is one of Waterbury's most substantial citizens, being interested in some of the largest manufacturing enterprises of the city. Mr. Fulton is a courteous and intelligent busi- ness man. They have both achievetl grand results, and their trade is increasing rapidly. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURT. 215 J. A. Jackson, Architect, 77 Bank Street, Waterbury.— One of the most enterprising archi- tects in this city is Mr. J. A. Jackson, whose office is located at No. 77 Bank street. This gentleman, since he establisheil himself in busi- ness here, has met with phenomenal success thus far in his career, and has worked with an energy and ability which cannot fail to secure a large patronage. Plans, details and superintendence for public and private buildings, and estimates for the same will be furnished at rates which will be found very reasonable. J\lr. Jackson thoroughly under «tands even the smallest details of his profession. He has had a good architectural training in the best architectural schools, and is thoroughly conversant with all tke different styles and branches of the art. Mr. Jackson also furnishes drawings and de- tails for artistic interior work, furniture and ■decoration for private residences, etc. Special attention is given to the heating, lighting, plumbins and sanitary arrangements of build- ings; also, the remodeling of existing structures. Mr. Jackson does not confine himself to work ^executed in the city of Waterbury alone, but does much work in other parts of the State, and outside of the State also. Correspondence is solicited in regard to matters relating to his par- ticular line of business, and will promptly be attended to; he will be found courteous in his treatment of all. We take pleasure in recom- mending such a gentleman to our readers, who will find him an experienced architect, and one who can be depended on as fully competent to do superior work. Mr. Jackson was born in this city in 1861, and is a highly esteemed young man of more than ordinary business ability, and one who makes a study of his profession, devoting his entire time to it in onlf»r to perfect himself in every detail known to his vocation. We foresee a prosper- ous future for Mr. Jackson, and earnestly trust our many readers, having anything in his line, will subnnt them to his judgment and profes- sional skill. J. T. Mather, successor to J. A. Youngs, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Hardware, Cut lery and Tools, 22 Bank Street, Waterbury.— The hardware business above almost all others, increases in importance as the country grows older and more thickly settled, but the degree of perfection which it attains is due to the energy of individuals who have been for years connected with the bu-siness. Such aone is that conducted by Mr. J. T. Mather, which was established in 1883 by J. A. Youngs, at Hartford, and two years later was suceeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. J. T. Mather, who commenced business in Water- bury, October, 18^5, where, by his ability and practical business knowledge he has succeeded in building up a large wholesale and retail trade in Hardware, Cutlery and Tools of all kinds. This establishment is located at 22 Bank street, and comprises two floors, each 20x70 feet in di- mensions. The fine stock comprises everything uniler the head of hardware and cutlery and in- •cludes a large list of hand tools, builders' hard- ware, etc. Mr. Mather makes a specialty of Kearney & Foot and Nicholson's files, etc. This flourishing business requires tlie employment of four thoroughly competent clerks who under- stand the business in all its details. Mr. J. T. Mather is a smart, enterprising busi- ness man, studying the wants of his trade, and by handling a reliable quality of goods at fair prices has built up his present prosperous busi- ness. In the Spring a Seed Department is also attached to the regular line of goods. He is a native "of Hartford, but has resided here many years, and his long residence among us and his honorable manner of conducting his business has gained the high esteem of the citi- zens of Waterbury. Still pursuing the same methods he may well expect a continuance of the success which has hitherto attended his efforts. Geo. Robbins, Big Pitcher Crockery Store, No. 3 East Main St., Waterbury.— In examin- ing the commercial interests of Waterbury, it is with pleasure we note the advances that have been made during the past few years, and the growth of enterprfses that add to the wealth and prosperity of the city. These improvements will be particularly noticed by a visit to the well- known establishment conducted by Mr. George Robbins, better known, perhiips, as the " Big Pitcher Crockery Store," located at No. 3 East Main street. This business was established some twelve years ago, by D. P. Bunce, who con- tinued it for tenyears; the past two years, how- ever, it has been under the management of Mr. Geo. Robbins, who, from all appearances, has proved himself "the right man in the right place," as the facilities, as well as the operations of the house, have been very largely increased. The premises occupied by Mr. Robbins con- sist of a store 18x60 feet in area, which is stocked with a fine assortment of crockeryware, both plain and ornamental, china and glassware of all kinds, and many other things found in the stores of its line. All who h'lve dealings with this house may depend upon being supplied with promptitude and courtesy, and at prices suffi- ciently reasonable to claim a large and prominent share of public patronage. Mr. Robbins is a native of this State, and is a well-known, active, efficient and successful busi- ness man. 216 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURT. R. E. Hitchcock & Co., Manufacturers of Fine Paper Boxes, Waterbury. — The almost uni- versal use into which paper boxes have come of late years must have excited the attention of even the most unobservant people. Made, as they are now, in enormous variety, they are adapted equally well to the requirements of those who deal in coarse and heavy articles of merchandise, and of those who only handle the most delicate and fragile wares As it is well known to all who have given the subject even a thought, so brisk and keen is the competition now between rival manufacturers of, or dealers in certain articles (and these articles are many in number), and so well poised and even are the merits of the goods each offers, that ev( n wliat, under different circumstances, would appear trivial and of but slight importance, suf fices to turn the scale in favor of one or the other, and so it is that, recognizing this fact with the readiness that distinguishes the born mer- chant, many, if not all, of the more enterprising manufacturers and dealers liave, after casting about them for a plan to best increase the attrac- tiveness of their goods, decided upon the expedi- ent of putting them up in neat, and in many cases beautiful, paper boxes. The demand thus created has led to the establishment of many houses to engage in this line of trade, and of these, none bears a higher reputation among the consumers of fine paper boxes than does the firm of R. E. Hitchcock & Co., whose specialty is the manufacture of finest grade of paper boxes. Established in 1875, their trade has rapidly extended, until now it spreads all over New England, and requires the occupancy of three floors, 200x35 feet, and the employment of 100 or more hands and many powerful and ingenious machines. The boxes are supplied either with or without labels; lithographic labels will be furnished if desired. The firm is made up of Messrs. R. E. Hitch- cock and A. C. Northrop, both the.se gentlemen being natives of Connecticut, and well known and universally-respected citizens. Dennis Henry Tierney, Real Estate, etc.. Bank Street, Waterbury. — The importance of the commission agent in the business affairs of this city is thoroughly understood by every in- telligent wide-awake man of the nineteenth cen- tury. No other medium is so capable of estab- lishing the most intimate relations between the seller and buyer — no matter how utter strangers all parties may be or how widely separated by distance — and no other medium labors so assidu ously to promote their respective interests by conferring upon either party alike special advan- tages and otherwise maintainable benefits. He is the mutual friend and adviser or go-between, that may be relied upon implicitly, and in no branch of business has his services been sought to a greater extent, and with more gratifying re- sults, than in matters pertaining to real estate. One of the many engaged in this business in this city is Mr. Dennis Henry Tierney, an honored citizen of Ihi.* city, whose office is at 129 Bank street, opposite the Waterbuiy National Bank Until within a few months Mr. Tierney's office was located at 4 East Main street. His experi- ence and comprehensive knowledge of the real estate business in every detail, and extensive fa- cilities for safely contiucting it in all its various branches, together with his wide acquaintance with capitalists, land operators, manufacturers and others interested in land properties, gives him very decided advantages over many other real estate agents in this section of the coun'y, and enables him to guiirantee the most perfect satisfaction in the transaction of all business en- trusted to his charge, being eminently qualified and thoroughly reliable. Mr. Tierney transacts a general real estate business combined with patent agency, and nego- tiates loans, but only local ones. As an intelligent and shrtwd business man he is known and respected l)y the whole business community, counts hosts of friends, and is a gen- tleman with whom it is a pleasure and to every- one's advantage to transact business. When but two years of age Mr. Tierney arrived in this city, and counts the year of his inauguration in Waterbury as 1848. He was born on the Emer- ald Island in 1846. With such sterling qualities as those possessed by Mr. Tierney, he is bound to succeed in business, and has so far built up as prosperous a concern of its kind as is to be found in the entire county. Partree & Parker, Hack, Livery and Express Stable, Waterbury. — Oce of the greatest conven- iences in all large cities is a well-regulated livery and hack stable. Waterbury is well represenied in this direction by the establishment of Messrs. Partree & Parker, which is one of the most pop ular in Waterbury. This firm have, in connec- tion with their hack and livery, been engaged in the express business, which they established in 1874, and by their accommodating system in this branch of their business have succeeded in making it a public necessity. Their two-story brick stable covers an area of 100x30 feet, is provided with every accommoda- tion for horses and vehicles, with large and well- ventilated stalls, and the finest arrangements for every department of the large business trans- acted. The twenty-eight horses owned by Messrs. Partree & Parker are safe, good roadsters, and stylish, and the hacks, buggies, and numerous other vehicles furnished by this firm are hand- some and first-class in every particular. A spe- cial feature of the business and in which the proprietors justly take pride, is their ability to furnish handsome turnouts with matched horses, for special occasions, parades, etc. The constant demand on this establishment require theemployment of six competent grooms, who thoroughly understand the care of horses and carriages of all descri|)tions; and all orders for livery purposes, weddings, funerals, and other occasions, are faithfully attended to, and only safe and reliable drivers are employed. Every description of teaming is done promptly, at most reasonable rates. Mr. Geo. Partree is a native of Waterbury, and Mr. Oscar B. Parker, of Meriden, Conn.; both these gentlemen bear the highest reputation for integrity and fair dealings, while their social qualities have made them many friends. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURT. 217 J. G. Twining, Furniture and Carpets, Baby Carriages, etc., Nos. 123, 125 and 127 South Main Street, Waterbury. — About live years ago Mr. J. G. Twining established himself in the furniture and carpet business in Waterbury, and by the exercise of energy and tact he lias developed a large city and out-town trade. He occupies for his extensive trade two floors of the building, Nos. 123, 125 and 127 South Main street, eacli 60x40 feet in sze, and his facilities for business are all that could be desired. His stock uniform ly comprises full lines of parlor, chamber and household furniture generally, and a very select and complete assortment of latest styles and de- signs in imported and American Carpets and Oil Cloths, l>esides Spring Beds, Mattresses, Mirrors, Clocks, Wringers, Pictures, Albums, Lamps and Silverware, and a thousand and one articles and specialties in house-furnishing good^^. He sup- plies merchandise of superior quality at lowest prices for cash and on easy payments, and deliv- ers goods free of expense to all towns in Nauga- tuck Valley; and guarantees satisfaction in every particular. Mr. Twining fills all orders for enlarging and copying pictures in any desired size and style with dispatch and in the most satisfactory man- ner. His trade, which has attained large propor- tions, requires the employment of a number of salesmen. He offers active, energetic and reli- able men profitable employment, and those desir- ing lucrative positions would do well to apply to this representative merchant. Mr. Twining is a native of East Hartland, Conn., and is held in high esteem for his busi- ness and personal worth. North End Pharmacy, 114 North Main St., Waterbury. — Among the absolute necessities to the well-being of a city or town, there is nothing of more importance than a well-regulated and largely-stocked drug store, where the physician and patient can send their prescriptions with the certainty of having them properly compounded. Among such houses, that of the "North End Pharmacy." being located at No. 114 N. Main street stands preeminent. Established about four years ago by the pres- ent proprietor, Dr. F. M. Cannon, the business has been extended by the energy, enterprise and fair dealing of its management, until now it stands among the foremost in point of volume, and in the very front rank as regards character. Dr. Cannon is a graduate of the University of N. Y., is a practical chemist, and understands every detail of the business. But, being also engaged in the active duties of his profession, as well as being the Medical Director of the Cont>ecticut Indemnity Association, makes it necessary for him to call to his assistance thor- oughly qualified and experienced aid in attending to his store, in which important part he has so far been happily successful, not only in compe- tency in the prescription department and general details of the business, but also in being prompt and courteous to his customers. The premises occupied consist of a fine store of 20x50 feet in size, and elegantly fitted up and well stocked with a full line of the many articles found ia a first-chiss store of its kind, including fancy and toilet articles of all kinds. New York and Waterbury Marble and Granite Works, Branch Otlice, 168 Bank St., Waterbury; Granite Quarries, Quincy, Mass. — The extensive branch house of W. H. Rubey's marble and granile works stand at the head of this business in Waterbury, and this extensive establishment is well worthy of special mention. This branch house, which is located at 1(58 Bank street, was established in 1883, and has since built up a trade which extends throughout the city, and into the neighboring towns. The premises are large, giving every conven- ience for the prosecution of the business, and emploj^ment is furnished to about twelve skilled workmen. The workshop covers an area of 30x60 feet. 5Ir. W. H. Rubey, who is thoroughly ac- quainted with all die details of the business, and is well known for his great taste in the finer branches of the profession, is prepared to give estimates on building work; and the execution of all orders is done in the best manner, and at the lowest prices. His extensive quarries are located in Quincy, Mass. He is a large wholesale and retail dealer in American and foreign marble and granite. Mr. Rubey is the patseitee of Kubey's new and im- proved combination for the setting of tablets and headstones, etc. It is, in fact, the be^t in the market (or the setting of all kinds of stone. ]\Ir. W. H. Rubey is a native of New York, and is sole manager of the New York and Water- bury marble and granite works. His long con- nection with the enterprise of which he is the head, has given him a detailed knowledge of the business that is always employed to the advan- tage of his customers; and the liberal and enter- prising policy on which he conducts his business has made his establishment a pleasant and profit- able one at which to deal. D. Blakeslee & Co., Dealers in Paper-Hang- ings, 117 Bank Street, Waterbury. — Among the expert artisans of Waterbury, Mr. D. Blakeslee has for many years been prominent, having been successfully engaged in business here as a painter for eighteen years. The firm, as at present con- stituted, was formed as his successor in March, 1886, and the range of business was extended to dealing in wall papers, and all kinds of interior decorating. The store and workshops of Messrs. BJakeslee & Co. are located at 117 Bank street, where is to be found as fine an assortment of wall papers, ceiling and other house decorations, including all the latest styles and designs. Lincrusta Waltons, etc., and at lowest prices. The firm supply every- thing in their line, and guarantee fullest satis- faction. The firm's extensive operations in house- decorating of every description, necessitating the employment of forty skilled workmen, in the busy season, and artistic work of every kind in their line is executed at short notice in the most satisfactory manner. Orders for paper- hanging, graining, painting, kalsomining, glaz- ing, etc., in the city or country, have prompt attention, and full confidence in the skill, business methods and worth of the firm is always jus'ifif'd. Messrs. D. Blakeslee and Louis Haase are the indivi ■B i^' Brown & Brothers' Patented Seamless Copper House Boiler. The Brown & Brothers' Tubing and Boiler Works, Randolph &, Clowes, Proprietors, Bank Street (near Depot), Waterbury. — The exhibit of the diverse manufacturing enterprises of this city cannot fail to demonstrate its claim to a prominent position amoug the leading manufac- turing centers of New England. Among the most conspicuous industries which have given character to the city of Waterbury is the enter- prise founded more than half a century ago, by the Brown & Brothers. Since Messrs. Randolph & Clowes became proprietors, increased build- ings have been added to the plant, new machin- ery introduced, the scope of the trade and pro- duction extended, and tiie house is now placed upon a footing equal with any of its contem])o raries here or elsewhere. Tlie plant of this com- pany embraces a number of buildings and covers a lartre area. In the various departments are employed upwards of 200 men, most of whom are experts. The products of the house include all kinds of brass, copper, German silver and Spelter tubing, seamless drawn brass and copper tubing, fire extinguisher shells, air chambers and shells, with or without heads to 16 inches diameter; also, brass kettles, hose pipes, brass door rail, and large brass rods, a specialty bfing made of patented seamless copper house boilers, which are guaranteed to stand a vacuum, and tested at 200 lbs. internal pressure to the square inch. The present proprietors are Messrs. Randolph & Clowes, both able gentlemen, and all matters pertaining to the business of the company are transacted with a system of the lirst order, and by sending out only such products as could be safely guaranteed for superiority they are build- ing up an enormous trade extending to all sec- tions of the United States. John Draher (Successor to Thomas Kirk), IManulacturer of Button Machinery, Power Presses, etc.. Rivet, Clock and Screw Machin- ery, Tools, Dies and Special Machinery of Every Description, 40 North Elm St., Waterbury. — The manufacture of special machinery ' for special purposes is one of the broadly distin- guishing features of Waterbury's claim to pre- eminence as a manufacturing center, and few disinterested parties who have investigated the matter will deny that in this branch of manufac- ture, if no other, she does lead the van. One of the most energetic, pushing and successful of the houses engaged in this manufacture is that car- ried on by Mr. John Draher, at No. 40 North Elm street. Mr. Draher is a manufacturer of power presses, rivet, clock and screw machinery and tools, dies and special machinery of every description. This business was inaugurated by Mr. Thomas Kirk, some eighteen years ago, he being suc- ceeded about three years ago by the present owner. One floor is occupied, 30x75 feet in dimen- sions, and ten hands are employed. A number of machines of various types are used, requiring some twelve or fifteen horse-power. A specialty is made of button machinery and button eyes, and a very large amount of work in this line is turned out. Mr. Draher is a native of Waterbnry, and has, since his accession to the ownership of the busi- ness, manifested a high degree of judgment and energy in extending his trade. Tremont House, David David, Proprietor, Near Jacques' New Opera House, Waterbury. — Many, when away from home, prefer to stop at the smaller and less pretentious hotels, as in this way greater privacy is attained and in many cases more home comforts enjoyed. But, as it is often difficult for a stranger in a city to learn where a small but first-class hotel may be found, we desire to call the attention of our readers to an establishment of this kind in Waterbury where all the comforts of home are combined with the facilities and conveniences of a first- class hotel. We refer to the Tremont House, which is very central!}' located, within one min- utes walk of Jacques' New Opera House and which is conducted in so intelligent and liberal a manner by Mr. David David, the courteous pro- prietor. Mr. David became the proprietor of this house two years ago and quickly showed himself to be the right man in the right place by the way in which he ministered to his patrons' needs, building up in this way his present large and select business. The edifice is of brick, three stories in height, 40x100 feet in dimensions and contain twenty spacious rooms. Employ- ment is given to twelve assistants and the rates charged are, considering the accommodations, very low being but $2.00 per day. His table is all that could be desired. A first-class livery stable is connected with the establishment which will be found of much con- venience by guests. Mr. David is a native of France. 220 READING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBUB7. C. E. Gates, D. D. S., Dental Rooms, over WoodrufFs Drag Store, 87 Bank Street.— Since his graduation from the Pliiladelphia College of Dental Surgery iu 1879, Dr. C. E. Gates has been successfully engaged iu the practice of his pro fession iu Waterbury. Ills elegantly appointed suite of rooms are located over Woodruff's drug store, No. 87 Bank street, and are models of good taste and completeness. The operating rooms are equipped with every device aad appliance known to the dental art, and both in the surgical and mechanical part of his profession Dr. Gates is an acknowledged expert. The most difficult operations in dental surgery are performed with the least possible degree of inconvenience to patiejits, and the artificial teeth and mechanical work of this popular dentist are the nearest approach to perfection attained. Prompt and reliable in all his engagements the skill and worth of Dr. Gates have always chal- lenged the confidence of his patients, and his suc- cess has been commensurate with his profession- al ability. Dr. Gates is a natire of Chicopee, Mass. His future career gives promise of con- tinued and increased usefulness. W. O. Guilford & Co., Blank Book Manufac- turers, Paper Rulers and Book Binders, 68 and 69 Bank Street, Waterbury. — A Waterbury firm that ranks with the leading liouses of the kind in New England is W. O. Guilford & Co., blank book manufacturers, paper rulers and bookbind- ers, at Nos. 68 and 09 Bank street. This house was established fifteen years ago by Mr. W. O. Guilford, Mr. A. H. Tyrell coming into tbe firm some five years ago. The factory, 69 Bank street (opposite the store), on the third floor, is of the dimensions of 80x90 feet, and is finely equipped throughout with improved machinery, which is run by a hydradic engine. The store is 24x105 feet in size, and contaius a rery large and varied stock of the firm's manufacture, be sides fancy and office stationery, stationers' hard ware, gold pens and pencils, fountain pens, etc. The business done is both wholesale and retail, as well as manufacturing, and employment is given to twenty assistants. The specialties of this house are blank books to order and printed stationery, and careful estimates will be cheer- fully given on application. Books with intricate rulings and printed headings for manufjvcturers ajid banks are given special care and attention, and the firm refers with pride to over twenty- five of the largest manufacturers in the State for whom they are doing work. Magazines and sub- scription books are neatly bound at low prices, and special rates are made for repairing, binding and re- binding Sunday school, public and private libraries. Both members of the firm are natives of Con- necticut and rank with the most enterprising and successful business men of this wide-awake part of the Union. The goods manufactured are standard articles of their kind, and their blank books in particular are favorites with business men on account of their excellent quality and uniform clear and distinct ruling. The firm was awarded first premium (cash and diploma) by the Danbury Agricultural Society in 1885 — altogether five diplomas in that same year, and three at the State Fair, Meriden, 1886. E. F. D wight, Dealer in Watches, Jewelry and Optical Goods, 68 Bank St., Waterbury.— Among the best known and most reliable estab- li^fliments of this kind in VVaterbury, is that of Mr. E. F. D wight, centrally located, at No. 68 Bank street. Mr. Dwight has a well-earned rep- utation for the excellence of his wares, and the fidelity with which work entrusted to him is performed; hence his business, wLich lie estab- lished about three years ago, is prosperous and steadily increasing. With the advancement of any community in wealth, intelligence and culture, the fine arts of decoration and adornment prosper, and the skill and taste of the watch-maker and je*eler are brought more constantly and generally into requisition. Twenty years ago it would have been impossible to h^^ve found customers for that class of goods which are now really in the greatest demand. The stock, though small, is very select, comprising the finest grades of watches, and a beautiful and unique selection of silverware and jewelry, calculated to please the most fastidious. Mr. Dwight is a native of Connecticut, and has an experience in repairing watches seldom met with. We bespeak for Mr. Dwight a con- tinuance of the success he has already achieved, as he is a man of judgment and somid business principles, and of exquisite taste in the selection of his stock. He also carries a full assortment of optical goods, and has studied in a hospital for over two years. Smith & Root, Insurance, Bank St., Water- bury.— It of course relieves a business man of much anxiety to feel tliat his stock is fully cov- ered by insurance; but care should be tsiken that this is placed in perfectly responsible and relia- ble companies, lest it should be discovered that the feeling of security was but ill-founded, after all. As it is entirely out of the question for every man who desires insurance to personally investi- gate the solvency of the many companies now engaged in this business, the best p'an undoubt- edly is to entrust the placing of insurance to some old-established and well-known agency, which has served its customers well in the past, and has every inducement to continue to do so in the future. Such an agency is carried on by Messrs. Smith & Root, Bank street. Established by S. W. Hall and I. W. Smith, in 1853, the business continued under the name of Hall & Smith, Mr. Hall retiring in 1803, Mr. Smith conducted the business alone up to 1878, when Mr. E. T. Root was admitted to partner- ship, and the establishment has since been knowa by its present name. Thirty of the leading fire insurance companies of this country are repre- sented, including all the great Hartford compa- nies; and risks are also assumed for seven Eng- lish companies. Mr. Smith was born in Massachusetts, while Mr. Root is a native of Waterbury, a member of the City Council, and also Fire Commissioner. No firm in Waterbury is more reliable or enter- prising, and a large proportion of the insurance in the city is pKced through them. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERS UliY. 22t Heater & Thurber, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Butler, Eggs, Flour, Feed, Hay, Slraw, etc., ID'J Bink Slreet, Waterbury.— This reliable house was esiablished over iweaty years ago and the business was successfully conducted under the names and styles of Theo. Bradley. Di-miitg & McNeil, Heater & Abro, Heater & Tiiurber, the present firm succeeding to the busi- ness in 1881. From its inception the house has been a leading one in this line ot merchandise in Waterbury, and it has always been a favorite source ■ f supply for the trade and general public. The premises comprise a large two-story build- ing on Bank .^tn et, w.th warehouse near the de- pot of the NnugMturk railroad company, and the facilities of the firm are complete for receiving, handling, storage and shipment of merchandise. Messrs. Heater & Thurber are extensive whole- sale and retail dealers in butter, eggs, lard, cheese, fluur, feed, ha}% straw, salt, oatmeal, Graliam flour and corn, besides corned beet, mackerel and codfish, and at bottom prices they supply merchandise of stHudard eic< Hence to dealers at wholesale rates, and to consumers gen- erally at lowest margins above these prices. The firm also furnish at manufacturers' qiiota- tions \j. L. Crocker's celebratt d Honest Fertiliz- ers and Ammoiiiaied Bone Superphosphate, and all orders for merchandise are filled and goods delivered with dispatch, satisfaction being uni- formly guaranteed in every regard. The known worth and reliability of these representative mer- chants and their facilities for trade make this a most desirable house with which to establish and maintain business relations, and the operation*- of the concern are steadily increasing, and at this writing the volume of trade has attained most important proportions. Mr. Heater is at present one of the councilmen from the third ward, having been elected to the office over the nominee of the dominant party in the ward. He is a native of New Jersey and Mr. 'J hurber is a New York man by birth, and both are influential and esteemed citizens of Wa- terbury. C H. Bronson, Insurance, No. 69 Bank Street, Wateibury. — Every man identified with the con- trol of propertit s, whether as owner, trustee or administrator, will recognize the importance of fire in-urance. No man can lay any claim to bu.-iness wisdom who disregards this duty, whetiier it be to himself or through himself to others. A representative establishment in the insurance business in the city of Waterbury, is the one conducted by Mr. C. H. Bron.son, of 6Vi Bank street. He started business here about three years ago, representing some of the most solid and substantial companies, as: Milwaukee Mechanics I/IS. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., one of the largest concerns of its kind in the States number- ing 2 on a list of 128 companies. It is the oldest in the West, and was started in 1852. From its beginning all the ofBcers, without a single excep tion, have been, and are to-day, Germans. The stock of the Company is worth, according to quo- tation, $455 82. Also, Pacific Fire Ins Co. of New York, or- ganized 1851, with a cash capital of |2()0,000; surplus, $562,920. Eliot Ins. Co. of Boston; cash capital, $200,- 000; surplus, $294,923. American Central of St. Louis, organized in 1853; surplus, $622,541. Washington Fire and Marine of Boston; paid up capital, $1,000,000; surplus over, $1,210,000. As necessary as is the fire insurance for any business concern or to a household, as compul- S(ry ought to be the life insurance. Mr. Bronson not only does a very large Fire In- surance business, but attends also to the Life Insurance, representing some well-known repu- table compynies. Muss. Life Mutual Ins. Co., Springfield, Mass. This company was organized in 1851. and the assets amount to the large sum of $8,500,000. Being one of the old conservative mutual companies doing business under the cele- brated Non forfeiture Law of Massachusetts, it gives a defiuite paid-up and cash value to every policy. Mr. Bronson was born in Winchester, Conn., in in 1845, but has resided in this city since 1872. He is a business man highly estt emed in this business community on account of his honorable methods and integrity, and numbers hosts of friends. Earle's Hotel, Edward Tuttle, Proprietor,, near Depot, Waterbury. — Possessing all the requi- sites of a desirable house for strangers, Earle's Hotel in Waterbury has for many years enjoyed the patronage of a large proportion of commer- cial men and travellers generally sojourning in this city, and during the past year, under the in- telligent direction of the proprietor, Mr. Edward Tut le, the patronage of the house has in no way diminished. Mr. Tuttle became the proprietor of this hotel during the past few months, succeeding Mr. Geo. B. Sedgwick, and to the management of afi'airs he has brought ripe experience and all the qual- ities go'ng to make up a popular and successful landlord. The hotel is a large, three-story frame building,, with finished basement, fronting seventy feet on Bank street, and ext' nding back a distance of ninety feet, and is supplied with every modern convenience and first-class accommodations for 100 guests. It is heated by steam and the nxmm are spacious and elegantly furnished. Tlie table is always provided with the choicest viands, and the services of an accomplished ch^-f makes a meal at Earle's a pleasing remembrance, and gives satisfaction to all. A fine bar and pool-room are features of the hotel, and the zeal of the hospitable host to se- cure the comfort and happiness of his guests is gratefully acknowledged. Mr. Tuttle is a Connecticut man by birth, and is in all regards a model landlord, and more than ever in the esteem of the traveling public is the house deserving of the patronage of those who seek in a hotel the comforts of a home at reason- able prices. The location of the house, immediately oppo- site the Naugatuck railroad depot, makes Earle's the most accessible hostelry in the city. Mr. Wm. E. Baker officiates as clerk. This is one of the most popular houses in Waterbury for theatrical companies, who are re- ceived on very favorable terms. 222 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF WATERBURY. Hall Brothers, Livery, Feed and Exchange Stnbles, rear of Scovill House. Waterbury. — All lovers of "horse flesh" will be interested in hear- ing of the establishment of Hall Bros., centrally located in the rear of the Scovill House. These gentlemen keep a well-appointed Livery, Feed and Exchange Stable, occupying two stories, ■with accommodations for one hundred horses The stalls are large and neatly kept, and every facility is at hand tor the care of liorses and vehi- ■cles. Any one desiring to purchase or exchange a liorse will find Messrs. Hall's stock the finest in the market. 'I"he livery accommodations are also of the best, and all wishing a team for pleasure, business, etc., can obtain one from these stables. The business was established twenty-one years ago, but has been under the present management since 1878, and has met witli a large patronage, it being the leading stable in the city. Fifteen capable hostlers are employed and careful drivers ■will be provided when desired. All boarding their horses here will find them cared for as thoroughly as in a private stable. The members of the firm are Messrs. M. W. and John M. Hall, both natives of North Canaan, Conn., and they are gentlemen who have made many friends .among their patrons. Tlie building occupied is a fine one and the accommodations are unsur- passed throughout the city. Double and single livery teams to let at reasonable prices, and car riages may be engaged at short notice for wed- dings, funerals, etc. Dr. Munn, Physician and Surgeon, 69 Bank St., Waterbury. — Among the many physicians of this citv, we take pleasure in calling particu- lar attention to Dr. Munn, who occupies a fine ofiice at No. 69 Bank street. This gentleman established himself in this •city Jan. 1st, 1874, previous to which he had had a long practice elsewheie. He has been pro nounced by the residents of Waterburj' to be an eminently skillful and reliable physician and sur geon, and with such a reputation has established an extensive practice thrnuij;liout Waterbury and surrounding towns. Dr. Munn was born inSouth- ington, Ct. , in 1837. and after a thorough educa- tion in medicine and surgery graduated from the United States Medical College, of New York. He holds important offices, beiny; Hon. Mem. Mich. Eel Society, Hon Mem. Chicago Society of Phys. and Surg.. Hon. Mem. Pa. Eel. Society, Hon. Degree from Eel. Med. College, Atlanta, Ga., Pres. Eel. Mutual Aid Association, exPres. State and National Med. Association, and is Past Chancellor Speedville Lodge, K. of P. The parlors occupied by Dr. Munn are ele- gantly furnished and fitted up for the comfort of of his patients. Dr. Munn has a large practice. J. G. Cutler, Manufacturer of Harness, Ex- change Place, Waterbury. — Perhaps the oldest industry of any kind, and certainly the oldest in its special line of manufacture and trade in Wa terbury, is the harness manufactory of Mr. J. G Cutler, Exchange Place. This industry was inaugurated nearly 100 years ago, and since 1861 has b'^en conducted by Mr. Culler, a veteran in years and experience in this t)ranch of industry He occupies for his purposes, three floors of a large building, each '24x80 feet in dimensions, and in the manufactur- ing department employs a force of eight skilled workmen. He makes to order and carries in stock all kinds of harness, and horse and turf goods generally, and is an extensive dealer in saddlery hardware, horse-clothing, harness leather, etc., and his facilities for supplying work or merchandise of standard excellence, at reasonable and fair prices, are all that could be desired. New or repair work is executed promptly, and there is not a more desirable house in New England for those desiring any- thing pertaining to horse furnishing goods. Mr. Cutler's long practical experience enables him to guarantee the fullest satisfaction as to goods, work and prices, and his long and hon- orable career in business here marks him a suc- cessful leader in this field of enterprise. Rockwood & Wheelock, Artists' Materials, Painters' Supplies, Varnishes, etc.. No. 3 Mar- ket Place, Waterbury. — The firm above named, composed of Messrs. C. H. Rockwood and E. C. Wheelock. Massachusetts men of large experi- ence in their line of trade and industry, estab- lished themselves in business in Waterbury in the winter of 1885, and they are already account- ed successful leaders in their special field of activ- ity in this city. Their store and workshop are centrally located at No 3 Market place, the premises being 40x30 feet in size. Here is found a very select and complete assortment of artists' materials, paint- ers' supplies, varnishes, etc., and the standard quality and excellence of the firm's merchandise and low prices make this a favorite source of sup- ply for this line of goods in this section. A force of skilled sign writers and painters are employed under the personal supervision and direction of these practical, expert artisans, and special attention is paid to trade work and wagon lettering. All orders are filled with dispatch and in the most ta-teful and attractive manner, and prices are alwaj'S reasonable and satisfaction warranted. The proprietors of this successful concern are wide-awake, energetic men of busi- ness, and have won the confidence of all. A. F. Abbott & Son, Real Estate and Insur- ance Agents. 108 Bank Street, Waterbury. — The.se gentlemen are successfully conducting a large and prosperous business, which was inaug- urated by the senior member of the firm in 1857. In 1872 there was added the business of nego- tiating loans and investments. In January, 1886, this branch of the business was re-organ- ized uLider the name of the Connecticut Invest- ment Agency, the senior partner being the manager, and his son, Frederick C. Abbott, the secretary. The Messrs. Abbott buy and sell real estate on commission, and have exceptional facilities for the investment and disposal of property, and those desiring either to purchase or sell would do well to consult thtse responsible and efficient agents. The firm also deal extensively in Eastern mort- gage loans, manufacturing and bank stocks and investment securities, and in Western real estate mortgages, school and municipal bonds, and bus- iness paper. Also steamship tickets and foreign exchange at low rates. MERIDEN. In the early colonial days, a certain Andrew Belcher received from the New Haven Colony a grant of five hundred acres in the northern part of the present city of Meriden, with the privilege of " keeping tavern forever," provided he should erect thereupon " a stone house or fort with port-holes," containing arms and ammu- nition. Accordingly, soon after, probably about 1660, the stone house was erected by an agent of Belcher's, and became a famous half-way tavern for the traveler* going between New Haven and Hartford. From this fact some writers derive the name of Meriden, according to the tradition that the old stone tavern came to be called the " Merry-den," on account of the frequent merry gatherings of the traveler* here. It is undoubted that Mr. Belcher originated the name, but the best authenticated accounts declare that he named it after his old home, Meriden, Warwickshire, England. The region round about went under the various names of Pilgrim's Harbor, Great Swamp, Dog's Misery, and " Falls Plains." It was under the immediate jurisdiction of Wallingford for over a hundred years. Around the stone tavern as a nucleus and a sort of protection to the land other colonists began to settle and build, until at the beginning of the eighteenth century, a little company of twenty-nine persons had gathered in the " Great Swamp." In 1705, for mutual protection, a fort or palisade was built about the little settlement. The deadly fear of Indian attacks seems to have been a constant menace, without one, so far as can be found, ever being actually experienced by the settlers here. The first attempt at organization was made in 1728, when a petition to the General Legislature, signed by the chief men of the place (Bartholomew Foster, Ezekiel Roys, John Merriam, Robert Collins, Nathaniel Merriam, Timothy Foster, Thomas Andrews, Josiah Robinson, Joseph Merriam, John Merriam, Jr., and William Merriam), was granted and the region established as a village under the official name of Meriden, though still in part connected with Wallingford. The village of Meriden was convulsed by the anxious troubles which preceded the Revolution, and entered with great ardor into that struggle. Though so small and weak at that time she raised a company for the Continental army, which was commanded by Captain John Couch. A growing desire for complete separation from Wallingford, which that town naturally enough strenuously resisted, resulted in 1806, in the incorporation of Meriden as a township by the State Legislature. From this time on Meriden began to prosper, and in 1810 her population had reached 1,249. A decade later it was 1,309, and in 1830, 1,708. The construction of the railroad between New Haven and Hartford was a matter of vital importance to Meriden, and in its accomplishment she took an active and prominent part. The first petition to the Legislature for the railroad was made in 324 MERIDEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 1833, and Major Elisba A. Cowles of Meriden was one of its principal supporters. It was chiefly due to his efforts that the route of the road was laid through Meriden, and to this fact can be traced much of the city's marvellous growth since the road first began to run trains in 1844. The original route proposed was to the east of Broad street. Owing however, to the opposition of the farmers, who objected to the noise and smoke of the trains, the road was built in its present location in West Meriden, which has resulted in that section becoming the center of the city. Meriden may well be proud of her record in the Civil War. A company raised in Meriden was the first to be a<;cepted by the Governor, and no place in the State was more ready or generous in furnishing gallant men to battle for the cause. Her sons served in all the great campaigns and fought in all the great battles of the war. Among the more prominent ofiicers from Meriden were General Dexter R. Wright, Colonels Charles L. Upham and William McLain Pratt, Major Theodore Byxbee, Captains Roger M. Ford, Jared R. Cook, Julius Bassett, Jacob Eaton and William H. Johnson. The Roll of Honor of Meriden's martyrs shows the names of one hundred and eight, who died for the country. Her contributions to the support of the cause amounted to $4,300,981. In July, 1867, Meriden was incorporated as a city. The first Mayor was Charles Parker, who served for two terms. The mayors who have held office s,ince then are Russell S. Gladwin, 1869; Isaac C. Lewis, 1870-73; Colonel C. H. Upham, 1873-75; Horace C. Wilcox, 1875-77; H. Wales Lines, 1877-80; George R. Curtiss, 1881; E. J. Doolittle, 1881. Among the names of the honored citizens of Meriden are those of Hon. Walter Booth, United States Representative; Hon. Noah Pomeroy, United States Repre- sentative; and Hon. Orville H. Piatt, United States Senator. The city, during the last two decades, has advanced with tremendous strides, which have hardly been proportionally equaled by any other city in the State. The population, which in 1870 was 10,495, at the present time is in the neighborhood of 25,000. The extension and completion of the Meriden and Cromwell Railroad during the past year will undoubtedly still further advance the interests of the city, and render yet moi*e extensive the period of prosperity upon which she is now so gloriously entering. Meriden at present ranks, as a manufacturing and business center, among the first cities in the State. This has been the result chiefly of internal development. The first manufacturing in Meriden was done by Samuel Hall in 1791, who had a small shop for cutting nails. The manufacture of wire combs was one of the first ventures that proved very successful. The early settlers expected to find gold in this region and several mines were begun in the vicinity of Meriden. After some slight successes these were abandoned and have never been carried on since. The manufacture of silverware — in which line Meriden has assumed the position of one of the leading cities of the world — first obtained important proportions about the middle of the present century. It is an interesting fact, stated on good authority, that one of the large establishments of the kind in the city, the Meriden Britannia Company alone, manufactures more pieces of nickel, silver and table ware than all other similar establishments in the world combined, outside of Connecticut. In the manufacture of iron, hardware goods, lamps, castors, rifle<^, woolen goods, and steel cutlery, Meriden has built up an immense annual production. The amount of MERIDEN, PAST AND PRESENT. 225 capital alone invested in her manufacturing interests amounts to $1,690,100. The value of the buildings occupied for business purposes in the city is 11,857,734. The value of the 2,966 dwelling houses in Meriden is $4,714,855; of the 10,723 acres of unoccupied land, 8768,003. The total taxable property in the city amounts to $10,144,956. On March 21st, 1§87, after a thorough equipment consisting of new rolling stock etc., the Meriden Horse Railroad Company began running its cars. These are well patronized and have been long needed. Their advent was a great event to the small boys of the city many of whom had never seen a horse car before. THE Y. M. C. A. OF MERIDEN. This association originated in the Winter of 1865-6, and was incorpo- rated by the Legislature June 27, 1866. In the Autumn of the same year, with a subscription of nearly $7,000, it purchased the lot of it& present central site and occupied the small wood building then on it for ten years. In 1876, with a subscription of a little over $20,000, it commenced the erection of its present brick building; the corner stone was laid October 19. It was finished, fur- nished and dedicated July 1, 1877, at a cost of $28,000. The last of the $13,000 debt on it when dedica- ted was paid in February, 1886. The whole property is valued at $40,000, and it is the first erected in New England exclusively for Y. M. C. A. purposes. It maintains ^ jnihlic free reading room, well supplied with the leading newspapers, daily and weekly — sec- ular and religious, literary and sci- entific; and also a good collection of the best monthly magazines, num- bering altogether over 100. The Reading Room is open day and evening, free to all. Citizens and strangers always welcome. Its Li- brary of 6,000 volumes and over 300 pamphlets and containing many valuable reference" books, is also free for all to con- sult day and evening. Any person may become an annual member, to draw and take books home, for $2 a year. Life membership is $25. THE y. M. C. A. BUILDING, ERECTED 1876. 226 MERIDEN, PAST AND PRESENT. Any person of good moral character may become an associate member, and any male member of an evangelical church, in good standing, over 18 years of age, may become an active member. Members' meetings: The first Monday evening in Janu- ary, April, July and October. Managers' meetings: The last Monday evening in «ach month. Annual meeting: The third Monday evening in September. The present membership of the Association, including the Junior Swedish, Ger- man, and Ladies' Auxiliary Departments is fully 600. Of the 340 Life Members from the first, 33 have died, — present number 307. The conveniences and privileges provided here by the reading room, library and social rooms, lectures, educational classes, gymnasium, receptions, social and reli- gious meetings, attract hundreds of young men from vicious places, affording them mental, moral, physical, social and religious culture and enjoyment in this busy cen- ter and pleasant home. Its value to the young men of Meriden is inestimable. Trustees: W. E. Benham, Chairman; Benj. Page, Clerk; S. J. Hall, Treasurer; Jas. R. Sutliff, Jas. H. Breckenridge, S. B. Little, E. A. Bell. Officers for 1886-7: W. E. Benham, President; Jas. H. Sutliff, First Vice-Presi- dent; Edward Miller, Second Vice-President; J. U. Pratt, Recording Secretary; W. A. Venter, Corresponding Secretary; W. H. Squire, Treasurer; A. L. Fisk, Librarian. The topographical situation of Meriden presents a most beautiful and varied aspect. The Hanging Hills on the north and northwest of the city stand with all the sublime simplicity of monumental sentinels of her peace and glory. The nearest of these three hills is West Mountain, with three lofty peaks, the highest being 1)95 feet above the sea. The view from the top of West Mountain is one of the grandest in the State, and well worth beholding. The other two hills, South Moun- tain and Cat-Hole Mountain also present many objects of attraction. The magnifi- cent new reservoir, in "The Notch," between West and South Mountains is a magni- ^cent specimen of the most scientific engineering skill. In " Cold Spring Gorge," near "Cat-Hole Gap," which lies between South and Cat-Hole Mountains, there is a s of every description, which are made to order and warranted to give satisfaction. H. J. CHURCH, FURNISHING UNDERTAKER, 32 West Main Street, Meriden. Daniel S. Qriswold, Electrotyper, No. 9 Vet- eran Street, Meriden.— The business of electro- typing has enlarged greatly of late, as it has be- come known that any large edition of books, pamphlets, or supplies of commmercial printing, is much cheaper when made by that process than if printed from common type, and there is the added advantages of thus securing plates from which subsequent editions if needed can be printed. Bemg able to do all kinds of ekctro- typing at shortest notice, eligibly located, and with many superior modern facilities, Mr. Dan- iel S. Griswold has built up a growing business, extending throughout this section. The busi- ness was established here in 1883 at No. 3 Opera House Block by Mr. Wm. Lockwood, Mr. Griswold succeeding him in 1885 and removing the location to No. 9 Veteran street {Republican building), where he may be found at present writing. Mr. Griswold makes a specialty of electrotypes for manufacturers' catalogues, num- bering many of the largest manufacturers in the county among his patrons. With a practical experience of many years in the business, he is sure to succeed. Mr. Griswold is a native of Connecticut and spent eight years in California In this line of bu-iuess, after which he assumed the position of superintendent for Mr. Wm. Lockwood previous to becoming his successor. He is a progressive gentleman and well adapted to conduct so im- portant an enterprise. 230 LEADING nUSrXESS MEN OF MERIBEN. The Wilcox & White Organ Co., Factory Meriden, Warerooms 25 Uuion Square, New York. — The recognized superiority of the Wil- cox & White organs over most others in use has of late years created a demand for these instru- ments almost equal to the facilities for their pro- duction, great as they are, and the trade of the company necessitates the employment of a force of 150 skilled workmen. The works at Meriden are very extensive, the massive four-story brick buildings forming three sides of an oblong square 100 X 200 feet in area, and the plant is one of the most valuable and complete of its kind in the country. The company was organized and incorporated in 1877, with abundant capital, which enables them to conduct their extensive business here on the most liberal basis, and their unequaled re- sources enables them to appreciate and supply all the wants of patrons. The four Messrs. White who are actively connected with the manage- ment are recognized experts in the tuning pro- fession, and are especial- ly qualified to produce the greatest excellence of tone and touch, combined with unequaled durabili- ty which have brought the instruments of this com- pany into such general favor in all p a r t s of the country. The extensive works are replete witb all the improved labor-saving machinery and appliances- essential to securing best results — steam being the motor. Only the best materials procurable are used and the most effi- cient workmen employed, and in ihe aim of the con- cern to maintain unim- paired the high reputation of their instruments, the company has been emi- nently successful. The policy of the man- agement has always been to adopt every improve- ment of practical utility in the construction o f their organs, and in every regard they are abreast of the times. Mr. H. O. Wilcox, the President of this corporation is (me of the ablest manufacturers and executive officers in New England. He is the President of the Merideo Britannia Co., the largest concern of the kind in the world, and his connection with the enterprise under -. £z^ review makes assurance ^^^^w^ doubly sure as to the con- "-^53^ tinned prosperity of the company. The experi- ence of Mr. H. K. White in the man- ufacture of reed organs, covering a period of forty years, during which time he has doubtless had more organs made under his personal super- vision than any other man in the world, is the secret of the company's grand success, and is the reason for the faith in the Wilcox & White organs, that they are unsurpassed by any others in use. Mr. Jas. H. White is the effi.cient secretary, and in his keeping the interests of the concern and their patrons are alike admirably subserved. The Wilcox & White organs are famous and popular everywhere, on account of their ease of action and quickness of touch and durability. H. T. Smith, City Expressman and General Teaming, Corner State and Camp Streets, Meri- den. — Among the many lines of business con- ducted in Meriden, none are of more benefit to the people residing in the city limits, as well as to our readers who live abroad, than a reliable express or transportation company. We take LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. 231 pleasure in calling attention to the gentleman whose name beads this ai tide as one whose en- terprise lias been a very great convenience to our citizens as well as to visitors to our city. Mr. H T. Smith establisbed his business in 1876 which in the short space of ten years has reached a magnitude beyond the expectations of the most sanguine. The premises utilized for the business com- prise two large stables and an office which is located at the corner of State and Camp Streets, and being connected with the telephone all ordeis received are promptly attended to and baggage will be called for at hotels or residences and checked to any point desired. Mr. Smith gives employment to ten persons who are all re- liable and competent men and all baggage en- trusted to tlieir care will be safely delivered. In connection with the express business Mr. Smith has a large trade in general teaming and for the transaction of which he has all kinds of trucks and wagons and a large number of horses Mr Smith is a native of Meriden, a smart and enter- prising business man. The Meriden Malleable Iron Co., Manufac- turers ot Kerosene Fixtures, Lamps. Lanterns and Cabinet Hardware. Salesrooms, 43 Park Place and 37 Barclay St., New York; 147 Franklin St., Boston: Factories, Meriden, Conn. — It is safe to say that no concern has done more t(t establish the reputation nf Merideti as 'he great lamp manufacturing center of the United Slates, than the Meriden Malleable Iron Co., which for twenty years has conducted one of the notablj' successful industries on a scale of most import- ant proportions. The cmpany was incorporated under its pres- ent style and name, in 1868, with a capital stock of $75,000, which has since been increased to $125,000. In 1870, the company made extensive improvements, and began the manufacture of full lines of kerosene fixtures, lamps, lanterns, inkstands, shelf-brackets, iron planes and cabi net hardware; and also, art specialties in brass and iron, jardiniers. and other ornamental W(n-k in many lorms of use and beauty, many of the designs being original, unique and beautiful, beyond description. The plant of the corpora tion is one of the most valuable in the country devoted to this branch of industrial enterprise, and discloses a system and completeness in every department worthy of highest commendation. The premises occupied comprise several enor- mous and substantial brick buildings, four stories in height, and covering several acres of gnmnd, and a force of from 300 to 450 opera tives are employed in the various departments of the works. Large quantities of fine work, in style, beauty and general excellence fully equal to the product of any home or foreign manufac- turers are turned out of this establishment, and find ready sale in the markets of the United States and foreign countries, and the company keeps equal pace with the development of arti.s- tic taste in the improvements made in styles and designs of their work. The officers of the company are: President, Geo. VV. Lyon; Secretary and Treasurer, E. I Merriman; Superintendent, C. L. Lyon, men of exceptional executive and business ability, and whose worth and enterprise have given to the company a wide spread influence, and a high place in the confidence and esteem of their trade at home and abroad. E. D. Hall, Fire and Life Insurance Agency, Republican Office, Meriden. — An underwriter of many years experience, Mr. E. D. Hall estab- lished his general insurance agency in Meriden eighteen years ago (but from 1877 to 1886 ofl5- ciated as postmaster), and has enjoj-ed a large share of patronage. As agent for some of the leading fire and life companies doing business in the United States, Mr. Hall has exceptional facilities for eflecting reliable insurance on life and property to any desired amount at minimum rates of premium, and the reliability and prompt- itude of the agent, supplemented by the stand- ing of his companies, makes this one of the most popular and relial)le agencies in this section. Mr. Hall is the sole agent here for the follow- ing companies: Continental, American and Westchester companies of New York; the Me- chanics of Brooklyn; the Anglo-Nevada and the Fireman's Fund of California; the Security of New Haven; the Norwalk and New London County of Connecticut, and the Western Fire Ins. Co. of Toronto, and also for the Massachu- setts Mutual Life Ins. Co., names, each of which carries with it a sure guarantee of prompt pay- ment ot losses, and liberality and reliability in every particular. Mr. Hall is a native of Connecticut, and in a wide circle of business and personal acquaint- ances he is held in general esteem and high re gard. N. O. Hall, Dealer in Groceries, 38 West Main Street, Meriden. — In looking over the retail trade of Meriden, we find that in the grocery business a signal success has been achieved, and that the annual increase has grown to proportions which should be fully recognized. Of the many houses that have distmguished themselves in Meriden, in this particular line, we wish to call the atten- tion of our readers to the one conducted by Mr. N C. Hall, who established his business in 1859 and has succeeded in building up a flourishing retail trade among some of our most prominent and substantial citizens. The premises comprise of a fine large store 20 x 80 feet in size, located at 38 West Main street. The stock carried in- cludes everytiiing in the staple and fancy grocery line, among which will be found the best brands of flour, teas, coffees, spices, sugar, etc., also a fine variety of relishes, sauces, condiments, etc. Mr. Hall employs four competent clerks who are prompt in their attention to the business and courteous and polite to every customer, and all orders are promptly attended to and goods are delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. N. C. Hall is a native of Connecticut, a thoroughly capable and enterprising man. Possessing in every respect first class facilities and pursuing a business course, the manager of this enterprise is natu' ally and justly accorded the greatest esteem by the trade and the community at large. 232 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. ASSYRIAN 1847 TRADK :M^>i.RK. ROGERS BROS., Al The Meriden Britannia Co., Manufiictureis of Silver-Pliiled Ware, Meriden. — Among the larg- est, if not the largest, manufacturing establish- ments in the State of Connecticut is that of the Meriden Britannia Co., of Meriden. Sitnated near the railway, in plain view of the traveler from New Haven to Hartford, it covers a floor space of over ten acres and furnishes employ- ment within its brick wmIIs to over twM'lve hun- dred souls. The main building is 500 feet in lengtli and of an average width of 60 feet. It is five stories high, as ate most of the buildings surrounding it. Elegantly appointed counting- rooms, show rooms, packing looms, etc , are nt tached to the main building, while other large structures across the street are cest and most durable in electro- plate and achieved so high a reputation that it lias excited the cupidity of other manufacturers and stimulated the production of wares having similar names until in proti-cfion of them.selves and of the consumer the company has been com- pelled to emphasize the prefi.K "1847." For- tunately the importance of this prefix is generally well understood in the trade and while the consumers may sometimes find themselves deceived in the wares purchased by tliem, the dealer is, or should be, fully aware that the distinctive prefix of " 1847" appears only on the spoons and forks so long tnad>' by this company and so long proven to be the best and most durable by years of satisfac- tory service. Electro-silver plated ware, if properly manu- factured, answers every requirement of solid sil- ver, at a vast reduction in cost, but it must be honestly made, and of the best materials. In its decorative aspect it must partake of the heart and brain of the highest artistic talent. The manufacturer must maintain a constant endeavcn- toward higher planes of excellence, inventing and employing ever}' device that shall increase the durability and beauty of his productions. When this is done public appreciation surely follows. That this has been ami is being done by the Meriden Britannia Co.. is clearly demonstrated by the continimu.s growth in the capacity of their works and in their rapidly increasing sales. The officers of the company are: Horace Wilcox, president; George R. Curtis, secretary and treas- urer; George M Curtis, assistant treasurer, and Isaac C. Lewis, superintendent. LEADING mSINESS MEN OF MERIBEN. 233 284 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. A. H. Merriman, Manufacturer of Punching. Stamping, Cutting and Drawing Presses, Spin- ning Lathes for Britannia and Other Work, and Other Tools, 153 State Street, Meriden.— Occu- pying a large two story factory at 153 State street, Mr. A. H. Merriman is successfully en- gaged in business as a manufacturer of punch ing, stamping, cutting, and drawing and drop presses, etc., and among manufacturers using this class of merchandise in New England and the Middle States, lie is recognized as a reliable and responsible leader in his special line of in- dustry. The establishment is a model of completeness in its equipment, being fully supplied with the most improved and valu.ible machinery adapted to intended purposes, operated by steam, and a competent force of skilled workmen are em- ployed in the business. Mr Merriman manufactures solid-back, open- back, inclined, arch and double action punching, stamping, cutting and drawing presses, which for etficitncy, durability and general excellence are unsurpassed, and also knuckle joint stamp- ing presses, spinning lathes for Britannia work and other tools, and orders for special machinery of this description are executed in the most sat- i-factory manner and at reasonable prices. Prtmipt, reliable and accurate in his work, Mr. Merriman has always been held in highest es- teem, and his wide experience and skill are called into play constantly by the needs of man- facturers in this section, his ability to meet every requirement of his pa'rous being unsurpassed, if equaled, by any master artisan of the State. Owing to the rapid increase in his business, Mr. Merriman has lately added some new and im- proved machinery. Mr Merriman is a native of Connecticut and is one of Meriden's influential citizens. Drs. Magnus & Powers, Dentists, office 34 West Main Street, Meriden — The various estab- lishments of Meriden would not be complete without at least a- brief allusion to Drs. Magnus & Powers, Dentists, whose elegantly ajipointed parlors are located at No. 34 West Main street. These gentlemen have an experience of several years and are thoroughly reliable in all their methods. Their suite of rooms are complete in every detail and are divided into operating labo- ratory and reception rooms. Their custom is very large, many coming a long distance to ob- taui their skillful treatment. The individual members of the firm are E. H. Magnus aud P. A. Powers, both graduates of Dental Colleges, and gentlen>en of energy, ability and judgment. All branches of dentis^try are attended to in a first- class and highly satisfactory manner, extracting, filling, ck'aiiing, etc.; also the making of artifi- cial teeth, which in every instance will be found very natural in appearance Their (latrons number many of the first fami- lies of 3Ieriden and vicinity, and every .letail is under the jiersonal supervision of these uenlle men. Wt- prophesy for them a rich future, if they continue in the same able manner tiiey have commenced. All in need of work in their line should give them a call, as they will guarantee satisfaction as regards workmanship and prices, H. L. Schleiter, City Boot and Shoe Store, No. 1 East Main Street, Roger's Block, Meriden. — One of the best known houses in this city en- gaged in the sale of Boots. Shoes and Rubbers, is that of Mr. H. L. Schleiter, located at No. 1 East Main street, Roger's block, west of tlie rail- road crossing. This business was established twenty-two years ago by C. H. Fales, succeeded in 1868 by the present proprietor, who has since carried it on in a highly satisfactory manner, to LEADINCh BUSINESS MEN OF ME RID EN. 2E35 both himself and his customers. The store is 18 x50 feet in dimensions, and is finely slocked wilh a full assortment of ladi* s' and gentlemen's Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, and his prices will be found as reasonable as any in the city. A epecialty is made of custom woik and repairing, all work being executed in a first-class manner and guaranteed to give s-ati-faction in evt-ry re- aps ct. Polite and attentive salesmen will be found in attendance, and everything possible will be done to givi- entire satisfaction to all their patrons. Mr. Schleiter is a gentleman of experience, and deserves great credit for the manner in which his business is conducted, and we would earnestly lecomnaeud this as an enter- prise worthy of patronage. B. B. Clark, Livery, Hack and Coupe Stable, R24 Broad Street, Meriden.— What is perhaps the oldest establislied public stable in Meriden is 4hat conducted by Mr. B. B. Clark at No. 524 Broad street. Many years ago, in the long-past and now well-nigh forgotten davs of stage-coach- ing, it was used in connection with the line from Hartford to New Haven, its proprietor then be- ing Mr. W. Parker The present owner has been in possession about a year, and lias already es tablished a reputation for furnishing the best and most desirable teams at very modente prices. The establishment is now run as a first-class livery and boarding stable, and the large and constantly increasing patronage which it enjoys shows conclusively that the pains taken to suit «ach customer's individual needs are appreciated as they deserve to be. Mr. Clark runs a hack in oonnection with the railroad to and from all trains, and passengers d«-iring such a convey- ance would do well to look for hackmen with badge " Uptown Hack, 29, " as by securing his services they will assure themselves courteous and honorable treatment. Orders for weddings, funerals, etc , are promptly and satisfactorily at- tended to, stylish teams and experienced drivers b' ing furnished at short notice. Mr. Clark has just added two new and stylish onehorse coupes, which he lets at very reasonable rates for calling, shopping, depot, etc. A specialty is made of boarding horses, and all animals entrusted to Mr. CUrk's care are ensured kind treatment and proper feeding. The stable is roomy and com- modious, having a capacity for 25 horses. Mr. Clark is a native of Meriden and is widely known. Winthrop Hotel, Colony Street, Meriden (one block from depot), G. H. Bowker & Co., Propri- etors. — This house, although opened but four years ago, enjoys the reputafi(ni of being the " finest and most popular hotel between Boston and New York. '' Tlie building is ai\ imposing brick structure five stcn-ies in height, and is fitted up in a style equalled oidy by hotels of the larger cities in the United States. In fact every ]iart of the house is Metropolitan in style, and a guest at the Winthrop enjojs every luxury and convenience. 'I"he oftice, which is some 100x120 feet in size, is finished in cherry, has marble floor, elegantly upholstered chairs, and contains coat-room, and telegraph office. Leading froin the office is a large and finely appointed billiard-room and well stocked bar. On the floor in the front is one of the most elegan-tly furnished parlors to be found in New England, adjoining which are the gentlemen's reading-room, card room and a num- ber of smaller apartments for directors' meet- ings and private dining rooms. On the other floors will be found 100 elegantly furnished rooms, s\ug]e or en . mite. A passenger and baggage elevator runs from the street floor rendering even the upper rooms equally accessi- ble. Two bathrooms are on each floor. Every precaution is taken to prevent fire. The elevator well is built of brick and with the ex- ception of the car no wood is used in its construc- tion. On each floor a long coil of hose is at- tached to the stand pipe, by which means every portion of the house coidd be immt^diately flood- ed. The two stair-cases, each ten feet wide, and two fire-escapes aft'ord ample facilities for descend- ing from the upper fl(K)rs. The cuixine of the Winthrop is not excelled in variety or excellence by any other hotel in Nevr England. The table is bountifully provided with every delicacy the markets afl'ord, ])repared by a C(n"ps of experienced cooks presided over by a competent clief. The dining room is large, elegant and well lighted, and is finished in hard wood. The service is conducted on the same high standard of excellence which characterizes the other departments. A number of attentive waiters serve guests promptly and courteously. In fact everything that constitutes a first-class house will be found in the Winthrop. The prices prevailing at this hotel are not, as might be imagined in view of the many attractions, exorbitant, the rates being $3 and $3.50 per day with special terms for commercial men. As an instance of the popularity of the Winthrop with the latter class, we woidd say that many make it their headquarters while visiting towns within a radius of twenty miles, preferrinar forobvi(u? reasons to return here at the conclusion of each day's business. The proprietors are Messrs. Geo. H. and Jas. H Bowker, hotel men of long experience in busi- ness. These gentlemen also conduct that popidar Massachusetts hotel, the Windsor of Holyoke. Mr. E. T. Bowers and J. Conway, gentlemen whose popularity with traveling men is too well known to require further comment at our hands ofliriate as clerks at the Winthrop. We coiTimend the house to travelers desiring the comforts and luxuries of a well ordered home. 236 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. ^ rt%^ New E Buckeye Mower. Wiard's New Sulky Plow, Patent Chilled. sale of agricultural implements has become the great industry which it is at present. A promuient Meriden firm, deal- ing in these articles, is that of Birdsey & Foster, doing business at the corner of Mnin and Center streets. This establishment was • founded twentj'-six years ago, by Mr. H. W. Curliss, who was suc- ceeded by the present proprietor, in 1877. The firm consists of ]\Ie.ssrs. E. C. Birdsey and F. S. Foster, both these gentlemen being native* of Meriden. The firm are jobbers of and dealers in not only agricul- tural implements, but also, hard- ware, crockei-y, nails, glas.s, paints, oils, etc. Tlie business done is- principally retail, although some wholej^ale trade is also carried on. The store occupied is 30x80 feet in dimensions, and contains a heavy and varied assortment of tiie goods The film enjoys a high reputatiim lor Birdsey & Foster, .Jobbers and Dealers in i handled Agricultural Implements Hardware, Crockery, the excellence of its goods, and their low prices; !Nails, Glass, Paints, Oils, etc., cor. Main and and all wanting anything in their line would do Center yts., Meriden. — It is a common saying j well to give them a call, that "a mechanic is known by his tools," and if this be the ease, why is not the remark equally applicable to the farmer in these days when agri- culture has become almost as much a matter of tools and appliances as nianufactuiiug itself? Farmers, lillies, foot-ball, etc., and in fact all of Mr. Thomas' goods are offered at very low prices. The store is 18x40 feet in dimensions, and there is a shop in the rear in which key-fitting and general repairing is promptlj' and skillfully attended to at reasonable rates, and where umbrellas and parasols will be re-covered and repaired in the best possible man- ner. Mr. Thomas is a native of this State. John McWeeney, Insurance Agent, 33 Cross Street, Meriden. — Eepresenting inlhis city some of the time-tried and fire-tested insurance compa- nies c>f the country, ISIr. John IMcWeeney has since July, 1886, conducted one of the leading fire insurance agencies in Meriden, with his office ■with that of McWeeney & Sabine, Cross street, opposite Foster, ^lerriam & Co.'s. Among the companies for which Mr. McWee ney is the accredited agent here, are the Equit- able Fire & Marine, of Providence; the Ameri- can Central Fire Insurance of St. Louis, Mo. ; The United Firemen's Insurance Co., and the State of Pennsylvania Ins. Co , both of Philadel- phia; and at the minimum rates of premium, this live, responsible agent is at all times pre- pared to effect insurance to any reasonable amount on personal and real property, and to issu« policies which are beyond all question in- contestable. Mr. McWeeney is well known in trade circles as the head of the repn sentative coal firm of McWeeney & Sabine, and in his long and active business in Meriden, covering a period of four- teen years, he has ever been lield in that es teem which integiity and worth uniformly in- spire. for >upplying the most desirable merchandise at lowest market prices. Satisfaction as to quality, weight and prices of merchandise is always guar- anteed, and the fullest confidence is universally inspired by the worth, business integrity and methods of the firm. Messrs. John McWeeney and Henry Sabine comprise this reliable, representative firm. Mr. McWeeney is one of the leading underwriters of the city and represents some of the largest and most substantial fire insurance companies in th» United States. Church & Morse, Jobbers and Retailers, Hardware and ]\Ianufacturers' Supplies, 17 E. Main St., Meriden. — Many circumstances com- bine to m^ke Meriden a most desirable distribut- ing point for merchandise, and especially for those articles entering into the manufacture of most of the products of this great industrial section, and among those houses which have profited by this circums'ance. that of Messrs. Church & IVIorse speciallj' is prominent. The business now so successfully conducted by this firm was inaugurated in 1875, by Messrs. Church & Sprague, whom the present firm suc- ceeded in 1881. The location, at No. 17 E. ]\Iain street, is a most desirable one, comprising the ground floor of a section of the well known Morse & Cooke's block. The stock in t'adeof the firm is large and varied, and includes a general line of hard- ware, and other merchandise, included under the term of manufacturers' supplies. Among this list of specialties we find tools and implements, as the famous "Peter Slubbs" files, tools, and steel, "Grobet" files, '• Vautier's " liners, gravers, etc., "Frontal" rifles, English, German. French and Swiss tools, chamois skins, fine builders' hardware, jewelers', machinists' and manufac- turers' .supplies of ever3' description, Fairbanks' and Howe's scales, Yale locks, Morse twist drills, glue, twine, rope, b< Iting, cutlery, agricultural implements, etc. Every requisite facility for supplying the trade at manufacturers' quotations with merchandise of standard excellence is pos- sessed by the firm, and to all purchasers assur- ance of satisfaction is uniforndy guaranteed. i\Iessrs. Geo. A. Church and Chas. P. Morse are the members of this representative, success- ful and reliable firm. They are both Connecti- cut men by birth, and have won by worth their decided success. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN 239 S. J.Hall, Dealer in Flour. Grain, Feed. Hay, Straw, Coal and Salt, No. 2 East jMain Street, Merideu. — Amotig the oldest esiablished houses iu the city dealing in Flour, Feed, Grain, Hay, etc., stands the eslaV)lishnient of Mr. S. J. Hall which is located at No. 2 East Main street. It was founded in 1861, or over a quarter of a cen- tury ago, and enjoys a very high reputation throughout the city»l)y reason of the strict honor and integrity whieh have characterized its man- agement from its inception. A very large and complete stocli is carried of Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay, Straw, Coal and Salt which is offered at the lowest market rates for thoroughlj^ reliable goods. A verj^ large amount of business is done, some of the customers having traded exclusively witli this house for years, for great pains are taken to ensure that all the goods sold will be found as represented in every respect and all or- ders are j^romptly and carefully attended to. Mr. Hall was born in Midilletown (now Middle- field) Conn., and i^ one of the most prominent and respected citizens of Meriden. His long business experience enables him to buy his goods to the best advantage, which of course redounds to his customers' benetit. O. F. Monroe, Opal Glass Decorating Works, 49 State Street, Meriden. — The tendency of our age toward the cultivation of (Bstlieiic taste has of late years been so marked as to combine the ornamental with the useful in every i)raciicable manner, and art has attained a high degree of perfection in beautifying a large proportion of the articles entering into the furnishing of homes and places of business. In the decoration of glass-ware, mantels, lamp shades, etc., a wide field of usefulness has been opened up to design- ers and painters, and the business has attained such proportions as to place it among the most important of our industries. A wonderfully suc- cessful house in this line is that of Mr. C. F. Monroe, No. 49 State street, Meriden. which, in a general sense and especially as supplementing the principal manufacturing interests of tlm city, has attained a prestige and prominence exclu- sively its own. Mr. Monroe was for fourteen years engaged as a designer in some of the lead- ing glass works and lamp manufactories in Bos- ton and Connecticut, and is an artist of excep- tional ability. During the past six years his genius and skill has been brought into requisi- tion by the extensive lamp manufacturers and kindred industries of Meriden, and for five years he has conducted the most complete opal glass decorating works in New England. His estab- lishment is desirably located for his purposes, the premises comprising three floors of the large building No. 49 State street, and the extensive business he has developed necessitates the em- ployment of sixteen painters and designers, some of whom are recognized masters of their art, and are from the leading glass factories of Bolie mia. The work executed in this establishment comprises the designing and decorating of work to match rooms, on glass shades, lamps, vases, placques, tiles for mantels and paneling, por- traits, figures and landscape painting on glass china, etc., and many other fancy art novelties, and orders for the higliest type of art work of erery description are executed i n the most satis factory manner at short notice. Special shapes and designs in decorated glass for silver ware and brass goods manufactured to be used iu combination with their goods. A very elegant assortment of lamp shades and table salt spills, etc., in the most beautiful de- signs, is to be found here. "Mr. Monroe is a native of Providence, R. I., and has been eminently successful in the profes- sion to which he has devoted the best energies of his life. Albert Babb, Dispensing Druggist, 14 West Main St., Meriden. — Among the druggists la Meriden who deserve special mention at our hands, is ilr. Albert Babb, whosa store is located at No 14 W. Main St. This gentleman has but recently established his present business; but previous to this has had a thorough experience ia all its details. This is an age of specialties, a remark which applies to the medicinal or drug business more parlicuhirly than to any other; and in this con- nection we wish to call attention to many reme- dies, of which Mr. Bat)b is the sole manaufac- turer, as well as proprietor. Aiuong these we would mention Compound Extract S.irsaparilla with Iron, Babb's Beef, Iron and Wine, liabb's Pect ral Balsam, for coughs and colds, and sev- eral others which he manufactures, all remedies verified in thousands of cases as entirely adequate in every malady for which they are prescribed; he also keeps in stock a full line of drugs, med- icines, and the many other articles to be found in any first-class store engaged in this line. The siore is 20x75 feet in dimensions, and three capa- ble assistants are employed. The trade is large throughout the city and vicinity. Mr. Babb is a native of England and thorough- ly understands the business iu which he is en- gaged. Bela Carter, House and Sign Painter and Real Estate Agent, 49 State Street, Meriden.— The oldest established and probably the most exten- sively patronized, house and sign painting estab- lishment in the «ity of Meriden is that carried on by Mr. B:da Carter at No. 49 State street. This well known house was founded over thirty-six years ago and its operations have steadily in- creased. The store is 30x60 feet dimensions and a com- plete stock is carded of painters' supplies, wall paper, etc. Orders for paper hanging are exe- cuted promptly in the best style known to the trade and at most reasonable prices. The num- ber of men employed varies from 15 to 30, ac- cording to the season, etc., and as only skillful and experienced hands are engaged the best of work is a.ssured. Mr. Carter handles consider- al)le real estate and is agent for the renting and sale of some very desirable houses. He is a na- tive of Mass., but is certainly a Connecticut man by adoption, as he has lived here for over thirty years, hivingbeeu a notary public for over a quarter of a century. He was formerly connect- ed with the city council and the business ability which has so characterized his management of his own affairs proved of great aid in advancing the best interests of the city. 240 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. F. li. Yale & Bro., Dealers iu Choice Family Groceries, No. 312 East Main Street, Meritlen. — With characteristic energy and consequent suc- cess, Mf'ssrs. F. L. Yale & Bro. have for ten yCHTs past carried on a large and growing gro- cery business in Meriden, and the house at this writing is one of the leading concerns iu this field of trade in the city. The Messrs. Yale occupy for bu«iness pur- poses a fine store-room at 312 East Main street ami carry in stock, a very large and select assort- ment of merchandise. The finest and freshest family ami fancy groceries, provisions and pro duce, ihe best brands of flour and a full line of fruits and vegetal)les in season are always to be had of this firm at lowest prices current, and the purity and square dealing of the Mf-ssrs. Yiile justifies unqualified faith in the standard quality of the merchandise. Tlie firm have the best possible facilities for meeting ail tlie requirements of their customers, and orders are filled with dispatch and goods promptly delivered to all parts of the city free of charge. Messrs. F. L. and Frank C. Yale comprise this representative and successful firm. They are Connecticut men by birth and are justly es- teemed for their liberal dealing and integrity. Madame George S. Jeffrey, Dealer in Hair Goods, Ornanienis, Toilet Article^^, etc., Rogers' House, Main Street, Meriden. — ]\Iadame Jeffrey has been established since 1876 and the premises occupied comprise two rooms 2-l:.\60 feet in size, where everything usually made or kept in a first-class hair store will be found. In the hair good-i department wdl be found one of the lariiest and finest stocks of real hair switches ever offered in Meriden, comprising all the desi raMe shades, and at most rea-ouable prices. ANo all the leading styles in natural curly hair, Saratoga wave-J, Paris fluff, reversible Langtrys, wigs, seams, frizzettes, etc., and theatrical wigs for rent. In the toilet depaitment attractions in bcMutifving cosmetics and toilet powders, among which IS the celebrated .lefifrey's I 'ream of iJoses, Magnolia Balm, Oriental C-reani, Teiton's Gossa- mer anil Swansdown. Jetlrey's Pearls of Paris for beautifying the hands, etc. Among the exquisite and lasting perfumes dealt in by this liouse will be f. mnd .Jeffrey's Bouquet de Winthrop, Silver City and Farina Cologne. In connection with the above-named goods a fine st ck of jewe ry is carried, including the litest styles in amber and Ilhine stone pins, orna- mental comlis, and novelties for the hair. All styles of hair jewelry made to order. Tlie large retail tradt^ ot the house re juires the assistance of two thorougldy experienced hair dressers, and ladies' and children's hair dressing, hair cutting and shampooinyr, are executed by I hem in the highest style of the art. Madame Gen. S Jeffrey is a courteous and thoroughly enterprising busi- nes-i woman, and in connection with the twenty- five years au'i wid -spread fame of .leffrey's Hair Invigonitor. for tiie cure of dandruff and the preservition of the human hair, has made her emporium most popular throughout this section of the country. J. E. Durand, Notary, Real Estate and Brokerage, 10 Colony Street, JMe.riden — An in- dustry of this nature, and especi;dly when con- ducted with such enterprise, energy and ability as is displayed by J. E. Durand, is worthy of special mention in a work of this character. Mr J. E. Durand, who established this business in 1872 at his present location No. 10 Colony street, is courteous and affable to all wtth whom he trans- acts business. He does a general, financial, loan, collection, rent^d and real estate business. He looks after uon resident's prnperty, paying taxes, examining titles and doing a general business in this line, and a^ such we recommend him to the readers of our volume. The premises occupied consist of an office 25x20 feet in dimensi(ms, in every way adapted to the business. Mr. J. E. Durand is a native of Cheshire, Ct., and was for eighteen years a resident of Waterbury, Ct. He al.-o served in our late war for two years. In connection with his real estate business he is also a Notary Public. V\e are pleased to mention in these pnges all those who have by close attention to business won a liheral support, and have been able to carry their patrons' business from year to year in a satisfactory manner, and predict for them a prosperous future. Miss O. C Hurley, Dealer in Fashionable Millinery, 28 W. Main Street, Meriden. — Among the leading stores on W. Main street, one of the most complete is the one conducted by Miss C. C. Hurley, who is locaied at No. 28 the above- mentioned street. From its found dion two years ago, it took a leading position among sim- ilar eslahlishmenis, and now ranks among the largest in the city. The store is 18x50 feet in dimensions and is elegantly fitted up for the tasteful display of her large stock, which embraces a complete line of millinery, feathers, flowers, laces, veilings, orna- ments, trimmed hats, etc., and, in tact, every- thing usually called for in a first-class millinery .store. An experienced corps of as>istants is em- ployed, and all orders are filled promptly. She lias a huge order tiade, and it is with pleasure we recommend her goods and establishment to the favorable attention of all our leaders who have not patronized her, here they can obtain fresh goods of the latest designs and newest fash- ions, at fair and reasonable prices. Miss Hurley is a native of Maine, and is thor- oughly experienced in all the details of her busi- ness, and well deserving the success she has achieved. K. Walsh, Manufacturer and Dealer in Walsh's Mineral VV;iters, Ales, Porter, Lager Beer, etc.. No. 184 Pratt Street, Meriden.— One of the most encouraging signs to all sensible advocates of temperance is the general introduciion and gradual substiution of the lighter beverages, such as ale, porter, lager-beer and mineral waters, for the strong spirimous liquors. Owing to the many improvements which have lately been made in bottling machinery, and the larger de- mand Ibr the goods, jireat redactions have been made in the prices of bottled goods of the kind mentioned until now they are ea-ily within the reach of all. Competition between rival dealers LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIBEN. 241 has of course muc'' to do wilhtliis, but one Meri- den business man who has thus far managed to keep "top of t\\e heap " in spile of all opposition is Mr. K. Walsh of No. 184 Pratt street. He is a manufacturer of and dealer in Walsh's Mineral Waters, ales, porter, lager beer, etc, and has conducted his present business for six years with great success. A wholesale and family trade is done and eight hands are employed in the estab- lishment which is 20 x 70 feet in dimensions. Mr. Walsh's productions bear a deservedly high reputation and his trade, already large, is rapidlj' increasing. He is a native of Meriden and a most pushing and energetic man of business. John Nagel, Dealer in Meat, Pork, and Vege- tables, No. 8 Main Street, Meriden. — In spite of the old saying, "nothing can be judged l)y ap- pearances," there are many things judged m that way, nevertiieless, every day, and rightly too, in many cases, notably those of stores for the sale of goods, for if a place of that kind is found to be slovenly and ill-kept there is a strong pre- sumption that the articles on sale are in keeping with the place in which they are kept — dirty and undesirable. Especially is this true as regards the establishments which deal in the various food products, for many people want their food clean who are not sticklers for cleanliness in other things, and so it is that the extent and character of the trade of a house of this kind may be quickly told by its general appearance. Follow- ing this rule we would expect to learn that Mr. John Nagel, who carries on a Cash Meat Market at No. 8 Main street, enjoys a large and desirable trade, and so indeed he does. He has some twenty-five \ears experience in this busi- ness and has conducted his present establishment for three years. All kinds of Meat and Vege- tables are sold as well as Fruit and Canned Goods. The store is 20x50 feet in dimensions, and three assistants are employed. Mr. Nagel is a native of Germany, and possesses a full share of the enterprise, industry and thrift which so strongly characterizes that nation as a whole. Brown & Hugins, Dealers in Groceries and Provisions, 4 E^ist Main Street, Meriden. — This firm have for j-ix years past conducted a flourish- ing grocery and provision trade in Meriden, and their store at No. 4 East Main street is one of the most popular sources of family supply in the city. The store is commodious and attractive, hav- ing a frontage of 30 feet and a depth of (JO feet, and it is a mod< 1 of completeness and con- venience in its appointments and arrangement. The stock is uniformly first-class and complete, oomprising a full assortment ot choice fresh gro- ceries, staple and family, the best brands of flour, canned goods and provisions, confectionerj', and country produce and dairy products of the finest quality. The firm make a specialty of flour and butter, and supply all merchandise of superior quality at low prices, guaranteeing satisfaction in every particular. All orders are promptly filled and goods delivered with dispatch and without charge to all parts of the ciiy, and the worth and methods of these leliable merchants inspire the fullest faith and confidence. Messrs. L. C. Brown and D. C. Hugins com- prise this representative firm. The former is a Connecticut man by birth, and the latter is a na- tive of the Old Bay State, and both are widely known and universally esteemed. A. S. Russell & Co., Flour, Grain, Feed, Hay, Straw, Salt and Fertilizers, 41 and 43 South Colony Street, Meriden. — Prominently numbered among the merchants of this city is A. S. Russell & Co., who have established ahiirh reputation by the active part they have taken in promoting the mercantile interests and general prosperity of the citj'', as well as by the- laudable methods which characterize their individual business affairs. Messrs. A. S. Russell & Co. deal largely in all kinds of flour, grain, feed, hay and straw, salt and fertilizers. The premises occupied for the business are lo- cated at 41 and 43 South Colony street, and cover an area of 40x80 feet, where a fine whole- sale and retail trade is conducted. This busi- ness, which is the largest of its kind in Meriden, requires the assistance of six thoroughly skilled hands, and a 40 horse-power steam-engme to run their mill, as they grind all ihtMr feed. It was established by Messrs A. S. & G. E. Russell, in 1880, and is conducted under the firm name of A. S. Russell & Co. The operations of this house are conducted on sound business principles, governed by a spirit of true progression, and the natural result is lo be seen in the rapid advancement it is making in both the local and shipping trade. Both Mr. A. S. and G. E. Russell are natives of Haddam, Ct., and Lave gained a position as representative merchants and citizens. W. H. Thompson, Fine Confectionery, No. 75 West Main Street, Meriden. — There are few dwellers in Meriden who are not more or less familiar with the fine confectionery establish- ment of W. H. '^I'hompson which for some years has been prominently before the public as head- quarters for confectionery, foreign and domestic fruit, ice-cream, etc. This establishment was founded in 1879 by the present proprietor. The premises are large and handsomely fitted up, covering an area of 24 x 70 feet and located at No. 75 West Main street. A fine stock of every delicacy to be obtained in the confectionery line may be found, comprising all the new and favorite candies, among which are Caramels, Walnut Cream, Honey Candy, Pop Corn Candy, Peppermints, Ice-Cream, Water Ices and Frozen Fruits, etc., in fancy shapes, which are manufac- tured by this house. Special rates are given for church fairs and festivals. In the rear of the finely appointed store are handsome ice cream parlors where the patrons are courteously served by the prompt and efficient attendants; the mag- nitude of this business necessitates the constant employment of six reliable assistants who are thoroughly conversant with the business. Mr. Thompson gives his personal supervision to all branches of the business, and the public are as- sured that nothing but pure materials are used in the manufacture of his candy and ices. He is a native of New Haven. 242 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN ^'The Chapman Mlg. Co., Saddlery Hardware and Chime Sleigh Bells, Meriden. — Among the contributors of the hardware entering into the manu'acture of harness, the Chapman Mfg. Co. have for years held a prominent place in the es- teem of those handling and using this class of merchandise in New England, and even in more remote sections of the country the concern is famous for the superior quality and beauty of its product. The company, under its present name and style, was incorporated in 1881, and at present writing the officers are as follows: President, L. J. Curtis; Secretary, S. A. Hull; Treasurer, E. A. Chapman. The jiremises are extensive, comprising two large three-story buildings, with additional ex- tensions for engine rooms, etc., and in its equip- ment and appointments the establishment is a model of completeness and convenience. A st^am engine of sixty horse-power operates the valiiiible machinery, and a force of from sixty to seventy-live skilled workmen are employed in the different departments. The output, com- prises large quantities and numerous beautiful designs and styles of harness trimmings and hardware, horse-hair plumes of all styles, chime sleigh bells, etc., and the concern lias firmly established itself in the confidence and es teem of the trade in all parts of the United States for the excellence of its goods and the honorable methods of the management. The facilities of the company for supplying every demand in their line and for filling orders for special work ate all that could be desired, and the known reputation of th'^ officers is a sure guarantee that the quality of merchandise Till be maintained unimpaired The officers of the company are natives of Connecticut, and are residents of Meriden, where they are recognized as citizens of public spirit and influence, and businessmen of sterling worth and unquestionable probity. They are men of rare executive ability and under tlieir direction the aff lirs of the company give promise of a fu- ture of continued prosperity. W. H. Squire & Co., Insurance and Steam- ship Agency, Meriden. — In the manageme> t of this, the oldest and leading insurance and sf< am- sliip agency of Meridt n, Messrs. W. H. Squire & Co. have for ten years been sufce.'sfully cn- eaged in business in this city, and the energy and ability of the members of the firm is s-teadily increasing the volume and extending the field of their operations. Representing many of the solid "time-tried and fire-tested" fire, accident, life and plate glass companies doing business in the United States, the facilities of ^lessis. Squire & Co. for effect- ing insurance on persons and property at lowest rates of premium and to any amount are unsur- passed, and tiieir punctuality and reliability uniformly inspire univeisal confidence. The compai ies represented are as follows: American Insurance < ompany of North Ameri- ca, and Peniisvlvania companies of Philadel- phia; The Citizens, German-American, Glens Falls, and Hotue companies of New York; the City of London, Imperial. London and Lan- cashire, Plicenix, Sun of London, the North Hrilish and Mercanti'e, and Norwich Union, the Queen and the Royal of Gnat Uritnin; and the Washington Insurance Company of Boston, as also the Travelers' Life and Accident Company of Hartford, and the Metropolitan Plate-Glass Insurance Company of New York, ali>t which (!ontaii.s all the elements of scctu-ily, liberal deal- ing, and honorable methods, which ao to make up the representative, successful and responsible companies of the world. Tlie individual members of the firm are Messrs. W. H. Squire and N. H. Camp, both of whom are Goimecticut men by biith, and ex- pert, reliable underwriters of long experience, and business men of unimpeachable integrity and unquestioned worth. The firm are the agents for the principal steamship lines between the United States and foreisrn countries. These gentlemen have every facility at command for conducting a large business in each branch, and their popularity i& a natural consequence. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. 243 Meriden House Livery and Sales Stables. Reiiriif JNlerideu House, iMcrideii, A. E. Ausiiu, Pr il)rift()r.— One of the giealist of modern con- verneuces iu all cities is a well regtilaled livery, hack and sale stable. Meriden is well n p resented in this direction by the establishment of Mr. A. E. Austm. These slables were estab- lished over twenty-five years ago by Mr. Carpen- ter, but have been managed by the pre>ent proprietor for the past tweniy years, whose two large slables are situated in the rear of the Meri- den House, and are provided with every conve- nience, and all orders for hacks or single teams meet with prompt attention at all hours. They are well supplied with buggies, carriages, hack horses and fine stylish turnouts of every descrip- tion. The best of care and attention is given to the horses, of which ihey have sixty head. Horses placed here for sale receive the best feed and every attention to their comfort, condition and healih, for which the services of six tlioroughly competent men are employt d. Mr. Austin is an expt-rienced and competent horseman in every respect, and thoroughly understands the proper care of stock. Our readers will find his estab- lishment one of the finest in the city. Mr. Aus- tin is a native of Connecticut, and a business man in the fullest sense of the term. Adolph I>. Eliel, Dealer in Gent's Furnishing Goods, Hats, Caps, Gents' Toilet Articles, etc , No. 9 State Street, Meriden. — Gent^men's Fur- nishing Goods comprise a good many articles nowa'days and many prominent and extensive business establishments deal in no otiier goods. A hou^e engaged in this line of trade which is largely patronized, although of but comparatively recent origin, is tiiat so ably conducted by Mr. Adol|)h L. Eliel, at No. 9 State street. This gentleman began business in November, 1886, and I he discrimination and taste displayed in the seleciion of his stock in trade, together with the very satisfactory prices at which it is offered to the public, have combined to make the venture a pionounced and immediate success. The store occupied is 30x40 feel in dimensions, and a strictly retail business is done, employment be- ing aiven to three assistants. A large, fresh and fashionable stock is on hand of Gents' Furnish ing Goods in general, inluding Hats and Caps, Toilet articles, odd and elegant designs in Scarf- Pins, Gloves, both for street and full-dres-s wear, etc. Mr. Eliel is a well known citizen, having formerly been foreman of the Wooli n Mills. He has many friends who are much gratified at the eminent success which has attended his new en- terprise. W. F. Mathews, Steam Dye Works, 17 Veter- an Street, Meriden. — These steam dye works were established some twenty odd years ago in Meri- den, Conn., by the present proprietor, and so en couraging was his success that he determined to open a branch in New Haven at No. 22 Centre street, between Orange and Church streets, and although but recently thrown open to the public, has met wuth universal approbation, and bids fair to become as important as the main office. At Meriden the premises occupy two floors, some 1.50x60 feet in dimensions, and the branch office consists of a fine store occupying an area of 40x20 feet. The works are equipped with the latest improved machinery and every requisite for their operation. Only skilled hands are em- ployed and all work is guaranteed satisfactory. A specialty of this house is the cleaning and dye- ing of clothing, which is warranted not to shrink or crock, and all work will be done in the best manner and at short untice, while the prices will be found as low as any similar concern. Mr. Mathews' excellent managemtut and business qualifications have won for him a leading posi- tion among the business men of the State. .^._^He is a prominent Odd Fellow and is highly es- teemed throughout the community. George Lamping, Druggist, 76 Main Street, Meriden, and 151 Main Street, New Britain, Conn. — A gentleman who has elicited much favorable comment by the way in which he has conducted his establishment, is j\Ir. George Lamping, whose places of business are at No. 76 Main street, Meriilen, and 151 Main street. New Britain. Although the Meriden establishment has been under this gentleman's control but a comparatively short time, the care and ability shown in the conducting of it has already borne fruit in the shape f>f a large and rapid trade of the finest class. Prescriptions, however com- plicated or potent may be entrusted to him with the full and confident assurance that they will be filh d with accuracy and dispatch at the lowest possible rates — so well is this already understood among the public that in this department a very large amount of business is done. The store occupied is 24 x 60 feet in dimensions, and is well stocked not only with drugs and chemicals but also with many elegant articles in the line of fancy goods, toilet articles, etc. Employment is given to two courteous assistants, and prompt and polite attention is given to all. Mr. Lamp- ing is a native of Holland and resident of New Britain. French's Photographic Studio, 40 E. Main St., Meriden. — One ol the leading photographers in Meriden is Mr. D. French, whose spacious and attractive studio is located at No. 40 E. Main street. It is necessary to possess more than an acquaintance with chemicals to secure perma- nent success in this business and this gentleman exercises patience with his work and does not al- low any one to leave his studio till fully satis- fied. He has the ambition to produce not merely a photograph, but a likeness and every one well knows there is a marked distinction between the two. This business was established in 1864 by E. B. Everett, who continued it until 1867 when the present proprietor assumed entire control. His studio is 60x25 feet in dimensions and is very attractively fitted up for the comfort of his nu- merous patrons. All the modern improvements known to the business are used by Mr. French making exclusive use of the instantaneous pro- cess, which is too well known and appreciated to need any comment on our part. A beautiful dis- play is made at his studio of photographs, views, etc. Mr. David French is a native of New York State and is well and favorably known. 244 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. C. Gr. Johnson, Fire Insurance and Real Es- tate, 2i}}i West Main Street, ISIeriden.— To the underwriter and real estate agent, as a rule, are confided interests of most vital importance, and fortunes are frequently involved in their business ability and probity. By common consent, the subject of this notice meets every requirement essential to success, and for two years he has demonstrated his claims to general confidence. He established his insnrance and real estate agency in Meriden, in 1884, and under the firm name of C. G. Johnson & Co., the business was inaugurated under the most favorable au«pices. This business, by reason of Mr. Johnson's energy and push, has been greatly increased. He represents the following companies: Ameri- can, of Newark, N. J. ; The Merchants, of New- ark, N. J.; Orient, of Hartford; Rochester Ger- man, New York; First National, Worcester, Mass.; Holyoke, Salem, Mass.; Fidelity and Casualty (Plate Glass and Accident), New York; Washington Life Ins. Co., New York; Lyon and the Scottish Union, of Great Britain; thus giving him every fncility for effecting reliable insurance on life and real and personal properly, to any reasonable amount, and at minimum rates of premium. Mr. Johnson buys and sells real estate on com- mission, and is thoroughly posted as to values and real estate law, and his promptitude has in- spired universal faith in all. Meriden Steam Laundry, 47 State Street. — If public laundr'es continue to increase in num- ber and in patronage as rapidly as they have of late years the familiar horrors of a domestic " wash day " will soon become a mere tradition and one fruitful source of discomfort and strife will be banished from our households. As in the case of all improvements they had to encounter strong prejudices and opposition at first, but the superiority of the work they turned out was so plainly manifest and the pi ices cliarged Avere so low that they soon overcame all objection and secured a firm and lasting hold on popidar favor. One of the most successful establishments of this kind in Meriden is the Meriden Steam Laundry, located at No. 47 State street. This laundry was opened in October, 1886, and has already established a very high reputation for the un- usually fine character of the work it turns out. Goods are called for and delivered free and laun- dried in the shortest time and the best manner. Five hands are employed and a large and con- stantly increasing business is done. A. T. Gangloff, Successor to Gangloff & Nu gent, Engraver on Wood, First National Bank Building, Meriden. — A thorough master of his art in every signification of the term, Mr. A. T. Gangloff is successfully engaged in business as a woo(i (Miiiraver in Meriden, and his establish- ment is the leading one in this section of New England. The business was started by the firm of Gangloff & Nugent, in April, 1884, the senior member of the firm becoming sole proprietor in April, 1886. lie is a young man of long practi- cal experience as an engraver, and his skill has been attested in the most emphatic manner by his work. He is located in the First National Bank Build- ing, and has every facility and the ability to execute all kinds of wood engraving and design- ing in the most artistic and accurate manner. He makes a specialty of catalogue work, and at reasonable prices guarantees most satisfactory results. He employs several assistants, and fills orders with despatch, and has already developed a business of important proportions, which he is steadily increasing. He is a native of Meriden, and is a young man of exceptional energy, and has well merited the large measure of success he has attained. Among his many permanent customers, Mr. Gangloff takes pleasure in referring to the Wilcox & White Organ Co , Meriilen MalUable Iron Co., Wilcox Silver Plate and the Bradley & Hubbard Mfg. Co. B. F. Barnes, Dealer in all kinds of Meats. Vegetables, Poultry, etc.. Camp Street Cash Market. — Well known among the dealers in meats, etc., is the " Camp Street Cash Market" conducted by B. F. Barnes, who enjoys the es- teem and appreciation ot all patrons and has es- tablished an extensive trade among the very best class of consumers. He keeps constantly on hand fresh meats of all kinds and of the very best quidity, also Fresh Vegetables, Poultry, etc. Selling as he does for cash enables him to offer such prices as will defy c(mipetition. His market which is 20 x 60 leet in dimensions is finely equipped with marble slab counters, and all the most modern improvements, great neat- ness being displayed in all its appomtments, and several capable assistants are employed who wait upon customers in a prompt and attentive manner. This business was establislied six years ago by Otto Zeller, succeeded by the pres- ent proprietor about one year ago. Mr. Barnes has a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details which enables him to treat his cus- tomers in the most liberal manner, and the read- ers of this volume will find no more satisfactory house in this city from which to procure their supplies in this line. James Whittaker, Dealer in Fancy Goods; Five and Ten Cent Goods a Specialty, 64 West Main Street, Meriden.— One of Meriden's most flourishing business enterprises is the establish- mnt of James Whittaker's, located at 64 West Main street. This house was established in 1883 by its present proprietor and the trade has stead- ily increased both in importance and reputation. Mr. Whiltaker handles a fine stock of what are generally denominated as 5 and 10 cent goods, also fancy goods and novelties. A few years ago we were obliged to pay from fifteen to twenty-five cents for "the same useful and ornamental articles which ai'e now sold for five or ten cents each. These goods embrace Hardware, Tinware, House-furnishing Goods, Fancy Goods and Toys. The premises occupied are 20x60 feet in di- mensions. Mr. Whittaker is an enterprising dealer, who fully understands the business to which he gives his personal supervision. Mr. Whittaker is a native of Massachusetts. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MEBIDEN. 245 John F. Butler, Painter, and Dealer in Painters' Supplies, 34 Colony Street, near Post Office, Meriden. — Wilh regard t.> a house so long eslablislied, so -well-known and so popular as this one, little can be said that is not ahendy known in the way of its importance hs a comniercial industry; but as the variety and nuguiiude of its stock is so great, our readers may find some- thing of profit in learning what may be obtained at this hou-e. This establishment was founded in 1876 by its present proprietor, Mr. John F. Bu ler, painter and dealer in painteis" supplies, at wholesale and retail. The premises Jire laige and elegant, covering an area of 20x80 feet, and contain the finest stock in this ciiy of paint-, oils, and every thing included in painters' supplies. Graining, frescoing and sign-painting are spe- cialties, in connection with the above named goods, he carries the largest and bistselected slock of paper hangings ot any house in the city, including tlie productions of thn leading manu- lactuiers, and all displaying tlie latest and most artistic designs, that cannot fail to meet the np proval of the most fastidious. The magnitude of the business transacted by this house is such as to require the employment of from eighteen to twenty five assistiints, all thoroughly skilled in the business, and some of them true artists, whose fine taste and ability are displayed in the many productions of this house. JMr. John F. Butler, by Ids enterprise and successful business course, has become well and favorably known. J. H. Bailey, Dealer in Milk, Butter, Cheese. Eggs, Fruits, Vegetables, etc., 7 State Sireet, Meriden — There are no food articles in common use that depend more upon their freshness for their wholesomeness and value than do milk, butter and eggs. It is often difficult to obtain such goQils iu a perfectly fresh condition and when families happen upon a dealer wlio can be confidently relied upon to furnish a uniformly fresh and desirable article they have aiiundant reason to congratulate themselves. In this en- viable position are 'he customers of Mr. J. H. Bailey, whose establishment is at No. 7 State street. This gentleman does an exclusively re- tail business in milk, butler, cheese, eggs, etc., a specialty l)eing made of cream. He started in May, 1885, and by strict attention to the wants of the public he has succeeded in already buildintr up a most desirable trade. He handles the pioduct> of some of the best dairies and fu ly guarantees the purity and freshness of his goods. Milk is made a specially of and is bottled for family use. Mr. Bailey was born in Wallingford, Conn. H. E. Bushnell, Dealer in Groceries, Teas, Coffees, etc., 79 West Main St., Meriden.— Prominent among the many flourishing business houses in Meriiien devoted to the grocery busi- ness, is the establishment of Mr. H. E. Bushnell, located at 79 West Main street. This h"use was established by its present pro- prietor, in 1885, and at once sprang into the prominence it has ever since maintained. The premises occupied comprise a fine large store, 20x70 feet in dimensions, and well arranged and fitted up for the transaction of its business. The stock of goods carried here is regularly large, comprehensive and well .selected, and embraces everything in the way of staple and fancy gro- ceries, teas, coffees, spices, flour, fruit, etc.; also, the celebrated W(-od's Old Dutch Java Coffee, which he considers the best. The connections of this house, both wilh pro- ducers and consumi rs, are wide spread, its trade extending throughout the city and vicinity. The extent of this tiade requires the employment of lour prompt and thoiouglily reliable clerks, who are courteous and polite to all patrons. Orders are promptly attended to. and goods are deliv- ered to all jiarts of the C'ty. The long practical exjierience of the proprie- tor in the business gives him Mdvantnges in secur- ing his stock, and makes it desirable for consum- ers to inspect his supplies and prices before con- cludintr purchases elsewhere. Mr. Bushnell is a native of Connecticut, and sustains a high reputation in this community. Maurice Luby, Steam Marble and Granite Woiks, Hanover Street, Meriden. — Some very wonderlul and beautiful work is now done in stone and at prices which, considering the in- tractable nature of the material wrought in, seem almost absurdly low. There is some dif- ference, in fact considerable, between the char- acter of the work dine at different establish- ments, and it is by no means the case in this busi- ness, any moie titan in any other, that those who charge the highest prices invariably do the best work. The well-known house that combines the very finest workmnnship with moderate charges is that so ably mMuagetl by Mr. Maurice Luby, located on Hanover street. The steam marble and granite works referred to, were established eight years ago by their present owner and quick- Iv'gained an extended and high reputation for the excellence of tiie work they turned out. Cemetery work is made a specialty, all descrip- tions of it l)eing done with neatness and dispatch and particular attention is jiaid to lettering and cleaning. The premi-es occupied are 24x50 feet, and employment is given to four workmen. E. T. Sills, Newsdealer and Stationer, 18 West Main Sireet, Meriden. — This popular news-dealer and stationer, although established but three years ago, has attained a position to be envied by many engaged in the same line. He occupies a store 60x20 feet in dimensions, located at No. 18 West Main street, which contains a fine as- sortment of all kinds of goods in this line of trade, including fancy goods, confectionery, sta- tionery, and general news stand, where may be found all the daily papers, also periodicals, mag- azines, etc. The trade extends throughout Mer- iden and vicinity, and is rapidly increasing in volume. Mr. Sills exhibits taste in the arrange- ment of his stock and his store is neat and at- tractive in all its appointments. Eveiy custo- mer is treated in a polite and attentive manner, and Mr. Sills studies to meet the wants of the public in every respect. He is a native of Not- tingham, England, and is a gentleman of rare business talent. He is eminently lair in all his dealings and is well qualified to push his busi- ness to still greater usefulness and importance. 246 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF MERIDEN. J. £!. Bro\ffn, Manufacturer and Dealer in Harness, Horse Clolliing, Carriage Robes. Whips, etc.. No. 5 Crown Street, Meriden. — As a source of supplies of every Ivind of manufac- tured goods, tlie city of ]\Ieriden possesses ad vantages equal, if not superior to many larger cities, and in no branch of business is tliis more evident than that of harness manufacture. Among those successfully engaged in this industry, Mr. J. Emerson Brown, No. 5 Crown street, altliough establislied but three years, has already become well and favorably known for the superior quality and reasonable prices of liis product and merchandise. The store and work shop of Mr. Brown are conveniently located for his trade, the premises being 20 x 60 feet in di- mensions, with tlie factory in the rear. The at- tractive stock of merchandise includes every- thing desirable, new and serviceable in Harness and Saddlery, Horse Furnishings, Blankets, Robes and Turf Goods generallj^ and a fine line of Trunks and Valises. Work and repairs are done to order at short notice and in the most satisfac- tory manner, and fair prices and square dealing are tlie invariable rules of the establishment. Mr. Brown is a Massachusetts man by birth, and has a thorough knowledge of every detail of his business and always abreast of the times in matters of improvement and novelties in his line. He is in the prime of life, and possesses in a marked measure the qualities essential to suc- cess in business. Geo. M. Bjirnes, Center Meat Market, Dealer in Meats, Vegetables, Oysters, Clams, etc., 310 East Main Street, Near Broad, Meriden. — In every particular the central market. No. 310 East Main street, is one of the most popular sources of food supply in Meriden. The propri- etor, Mr. Geo. M. Barnes lias for eight years suc- cessfully conducted a large trade in meats, etc., in this city, and his facilities for meeting the re- quirements of the trade are all that could be de sired. He has occupied his present desirable location since May, 1886, and in its arrangement and equipment, the market is a model of con- venience and good management. The stock is always of standard excellence and includes the choicest beef, pork, mutton, veal, hams, veg- etables, canned goods, oysters, clams and game in season, and everything desirable in this line of merchandise is supplied at reasonable rates and warranted fresh and reliable. Refrigerators and cold rooms are provided for storage of perishable merchandise during the warm season, and every requisite for preserving goods in the best condition is at hand. Mr. Barnes is a native of Meriden and is a gentleman of exceptional business ability, tact and energy, and his success in business is a just tribute to his worth. O. M. Whitmore, Successor to W. B Gaylord, Dealer in Fancy Goods, Books, Toj^s, etc.. Picture Framing to Order a Specialty, 20 West Main Street, Meriden. — Prominent among the retail houses in Meriden devoted to the sale of fancy goods, etc., is that of C. M. Whitmore at No. 20 W. Main street. The business was con- ducted by Mr. W. B. Gaylord in 1873 until Mr. Whitmore, the present proprietor assumed con- trol in 1886. The premises occupied comprise a fine store, 80x20 feet in area ami basement, well arranged and admirably located for the extensive patronage it enjoys. The stock carried embraces the many articles known to the fancy goods trade, also jewelry, clocks, lamps, books, toys and a full line of hand bags and wagons in great profusion and at exceedingly low prices. A de- partment is also carried where picture framing to order is made a specialty of. Mr. Whitmore only employs skilled men for this work and satisfac- tion is guaranteed in eacb and every m>tance, both as regards prices and superior workmanship. All the details of the business are under tlie di- rect supervision of the able and experienced pro- prietor, who is a native of Sunderland, Mass. We take pleasure in commending an establish- ment of this sort to our many readers, feeling as- sured it fully deserves the great success it has achieved. C. O. Einne, Livery, Boarding, Feed and Sale Stable, rear of 36 Pratt Street, Meriden. — One of the m<'St popular and best managed livery and boaiding stables in this city is that of which Mr. C. C. Kinne is the proprietor, situated in the rear of No. 36 Pratt stree'. It was estab- lished twelve years ago by Messrs. Clark & Hull, the present owner having been in possession since December, 1886. Two buildings are occupied, one, the stable proper, being two stories in height and having a capacity for thirty head of stock, while the other, one story high, is used as a carriage-liouse. A very larije and desirable business is done and ten assistants are employed. Mr. Kinne offers some of the very finest public teams in the city to his patrons, and the most skillful and courteous drivers will be furnished if desired. Very reasonable prices are charged and all cus- tomers are treated liberally and well. Special attention is paid to the boarding of horses, and valuable animals may be housed here with the full assurance that throvements and facilities for carrying on a business of this kind, and employment is given to five courteous and al)le assistants. Fancy goods, toilet requisites and stationery are carried in great variety as well as the popular books of the day, and those by standard authors. A very large news business is also done, the principal dailies and weeklies being early at hand. Mr. Marvin was born in New York, and is one of the best known citizens. ANSONIA. The site of Ansoniawas originally known as Little Neck, a strip of land lying be- tween the Naugatuck River and Beaver Brook, and the low lands along the river bank was called Plumb Meadow. The first settler, doubtless, was Thomas Wooster, at least he was the first to own lands here, a grant of one-half of Plumb Meadow having been made to him as early as 1680. In 1681 John Hull built a grist mill in Beaver Brook, which was subsi- dized by the town of Derby. On the east and west the hills gradually rise from the Naugatuck River. Forty years ago the principal part of the town was a sandy plain^ with a few scattered farm houses on the elevated ground. Many of the dwellings in Ansonia to-day are palatial, with beautiful lawns and shrubbery, the principal ones occupying eminences commanding fine views of the valley. The extensive factories which have given to the place distinction as a great manufacturing center are located on the east side of Naugatuck River, and are sub- stantial and imposing brick and stone structures. In 1852 a fire destroyed several manufactories, at a loss of $75,000 and two- years afterwards the extensive works of the Ansonia Clock Company were burned, the concern sustaining a loss of $120,000. From the time of the erection of the first building on Main street to the present Ansonia has had steady and rapid growth, and in population and enterprise she suc- cessfully compares with any manufacturing village in New England. The town was projected by Anson G. Phelps, and from his Christian name the town was called. The embankment for the reservoir was begun in 1845 and completed in 1846. The copper mills of, Ansonia were the first mills built here, the foundation* havino- been laid in 1844, by Almon Farrel. Donald Judson was the first president of the company and Sheldon Bassett was the secretary and treasurer. The Ansonia Brass and Copper Co. are the most extensive manufacturers in the town, and have several branches in the place, the upper mills being devoted to the manufacture of copper and the lower mills to the production of wire, besides the principal establish- ment on Main street. The company have also a large factory in Brooklyn. They manufacture large quanties of copper, brass and iron wire, kerosene sun burners, nickle and silver-plated sheets, brass kettles, copper tubing, etc. The operations of this great concern have largely added to the wealth of the town, the output exceed- ing in value the sum of $2,000,000 annually. The Birmingham Water Power is now owned by Ansonia parties. It originally was the property of Smith & Phelps, and subsequently belonged to Anson G. Phelps and was sold by his heirs to the present stockholders in 1859. A.NSONIA, PAST AND PRESENT. 249 Thos. Wallcace and his sons, John, Thomas and William, established themselves in business in Ansonia in 1848. Extensive additions have been made to the works, and at this writing the plant covers an area of nearly five acres of ground. The chimney of this factory is the largest in the State and in its erection half a million bricks were used. At the height of eighty feet, one of the famous " Seth Thomas " town clocks is placed. The main buildings are of brick and stone. Brass and copper goods, pins, burners and many other goods are manufactured here, and the market for them is the world. The business is immense, and a force of 500 hands are employed in the works. The Farrel Foundry and Machine Co.'s works comprise vast buildings, and the concern is one of the great industrial enterprises of New England. The company was organized by Almon Farrel, the Colburn Bros, and others in the early history of the town. Their first factory Avas erected about 1846. They manufacture chilled rolls and many other kinds of merchandise. The products of the company are shipped to all parts of the United States, France, Germany, Switzerland, Eno-land Sandwich Islands and Cuba. One of the sugar mills shipped to the latter place within the past few years weighed 320 tons, the heaviest, perhaps, ever built. The stock of this company has increased from $100,000 to a market value of half a million dollars. The Osborn & Cheeseman Co. built their brass works on the ruins of the clock works in 1861. This concern manufactures sheet brass and brass ware, gilding metal, German silver, copper, German silver ware, seamless ferrules and other metallic goods. They have a branch establishment in Birmingham. The woolen mill of Ansonia was established by David W. Plumb in 1847. In 1865 Mr. Plumb was succeeded by the Slade Woolen Company. They manufactui-e cassimeres, doeskins, beavers and various other fine woolen fabrics. The W. & L. Hotchkiss Co. carries on a large lumber, door and sash business in the town. The Ansonia Opera House, on Main street, built in 1875, is one of the finest brick structures in the city. It is four stories in height and has as fine a hall as any town in the State. The Ansonia Hotel was built by Lindley & Johnson in 1846. The Congregational church was organized in 1848, and in 1850 a church was built and the society as reorganized was composed of thirty-one members. The church was dedicated July 1, 1852. It was destroyed by fire in 1865, and the present fine edifice was erected and was dedicated in May following. The first meeting for forming an Episcopal Parish, was held November 25, 1849 and was organized under the name of Trinity Church of Ansonia. In 1875 the church was rebuilt with elegant memorial windows, etc. The Catholic Parish of Ansonia was created in 1866, and the present Church of Assumption was built in 1867. The Baptist organization was effected June 22, 1874, with thirty-nine members. Their fine church building was completed in April, 1877. The Methodist Episcopal church was organized in 1851, and the church was built in 1865. The Savings Bank of Ansonia was incorporated in 1862. 250 ANSONIA, FAST AND PRESENT. In 1861 the Ansonia Bank (now a National Bank) was established. Early in 1861 some of the leading residents of Ansonia bought the stock of the Bank of North America, then located at Seymour, and removed the bank to this place, changing the name and increasing the stock from $100,000 to 1200,000. It was reorganized under the National Banking laws in 1865. Ansonia was incorporated as a borough in May, 1864, and the charter was amended in 1871. The town is well supplied with water from a height sufficient to- extinguish fires, the supply being furnished at considerable expense by the Ansonia Water Co. The Eade Hose Co. was organized 1871, and in 1879 the borough authorities enlarged the building, removing the site to Main street. A hook and ladder depart- ment has since been added and the name changed to the Eagle Hose and Ladder Company. SOCIETIES, ETC. George Washington Lodge, No. 82, F. and A. M., was organized November 25, 1886, the charter bearing date. May 18, 1857. Mt. Vernon Chapter, No. 35, R. A. M., was organized January, 1872; the K. of P., No. 24, was founded December 9, 1870, and subsequently the Temple of Honor, Veteran Soldiers and Sailors' Association, Ancient Order of Hibernians, Father Matthew T. A, B., and St. Vincent De Paul Societies were established. West Ansonia is separated from Ansonia by the Naugatuck River, and has a de- sirable and beautiful location. It has some fine residences, and in 1880 had a population of 1,000. It is sup- plied with excellent water, is well lighted, paved, etc., and has an engine and hose house. Evergreen Cemetery is located here, and contains the soldiers' monument. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF Farrel Foundry and Machine Co., Ansonia. — The busiuosis conducted by llie Farrel Foiuidry and Machine Company at Ansonia. on a scale of va'^t proportions, was inaugurated by Mr. Almon Farrel in 1848. He was succeeded by his son, Franklin Farrel, in this imporiant field of in- dustrial enterprise as President. ]\lr. E. C. Lewis is Treasurer, Y. E. Iloadley Secretary and C. F. Bliss Agent. The operations have been steadily increased and extended, until at present wriiing the concern is one of the largest engaged in the manufacture of heavy mill machinery" in the country. The large buildings of the company cover an urea of four acres of ground, and aie substantially built and thoroughly equipped with valuable machinery of most improved designs, oper^itcd by ])owerful sti am engines, and the business of the company annually consumes 12,000 tons of iron, the work necessitating the employment of four hundred skilled workmen and 1m borers. About one-half of the business is devoted to the manufacture of Chilled Rolls, of all sizes and for all purposes. These rolls arc in almost every paper mill in the United States and Canada, and many are making paper on the Continent. A very large business is done in the manufacture of rolls for rolling metal, and this concern has made the largest chilled rolls ever made in this country, namely. 30 inches in diameter l)y 13 fei t long. Peihaps they are the best known ihrough the celebrated "Ansonia" roll, which has attained such prominence in the past ten years in the manufjicture of patent flour. As is well known most of the Qiiur now made is manufactured hy rolls instead of stone as heretofore Probably four-fifths of all the flour now made from rolls in the United Siatts is made by rolls from this concern. These rolls are now everywhere known as the "Ansonia" rolls, and are in use by all the leading mill furnishers of the United States. Tiieir output includes all kinds of heavy roll- ing machinery, general mill machines, and among the specialties of the company are the following": All kinds of machinery and work for rolling iron, steel, brass, copper, lead and oilier metals"; par er calenders with chilled iron rolls; cranes for railroad and shop use, of any desired capacity, of wood or iron ; stone breakers and ore crushers of the famous "Blake" pattern, with many valuable impr'w ments, for which patents have been issued to the company. Tliese crushers are iranufaciurc d under the superintendence of Mr. S. i^. iMarsden. who has been for twenty years connected with the manufacture of these' ma- chines in the United States and in England. The cranes used by most railroads in New Enuland and other parts of the country, ai-e built by this concern, and a large proportion of the brass and copper rolling mill machinery in use in this country. They are now building a new copper mill, which will be the largest in the United States, perhaps in the world. The Company are also famed as the principal manufaeturers of rubber machinery, calenders, grinders, crackers, washers, hydraulic steam presses, pumps, etc. The presses being made of all sizes, from 18 inches square to 30 feet in> length and 7 feet in width, and their machinery is used by all the principal manufacturers of rubber goods in this country and by many on the Continent. A large item in the great aggregate of this company's business, is the manufacture of sugar mills, vacuum pans, etc., and many sugar pro- ducers and refiners of Cuba. San Domingo, the Sandwich Islands and United States, use the machinery of the Farrel Foundry and Machine Company. They have built, among other mills, two of the largest that are used in Cuba, each mill weighing 3>0 tons, the rolls being 44 inciies in diameter and seven feet long on the face. The facilities of this Company for special work and heavy machinery of all kinds are unsurpassed by any competitors. The Farrel Foundry and Machine Company also manufacture rotary veneer machines, for cutting veneer from logs, with adjustable feed for cutting different thickness of veneers, for furni- ture, etc., and these machines are also adapted for cutting stock used for fruit baskets. Upright machines are also made for this purpose. Among other specialties are heavy lathes, plan- ers, and boring mills. The lathes being from 36 inches to 54 inclits swing, planers from 6 feet to 8 feet wide, and boring mills from 4 feet to 18 feet swing. Among the products ( f this concern we may also mention pullej's, balance wheels, and gearing of all sizes, and shafting of every description, felt- hardening machines, and mill shears for cutting bars, ingots or sheets, and wide as is the range of tlie company's products they excel in eveiy detail of their work and possess every facility and ad- vantage for filling orders with dispatch, and in the most satisfactory manner. The officers of the company are all men of large experience in bu-iness, and their worth and ability commends them to the confidence and esteem of their customers and correspondents at home and abroad. 252 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ANSONIA. The Electrical Supply Co., Manufacturers of Electrical Goods, No. 17 Dey Street, New York, and 171 Randolph Street, Chicago; Factories, Ansonia, Conn. — Of the houses enyaged in the manufViclure of electrical goods, having a nation- al reputation for the superior quality of their product, there are none in this country more favorably known than the Electrical Supply Co., whose extensive works are located at Ansonia, Conn., wiih their offices and warerooms at No. 17 Dey street, N. Y., and 171 Randolph street, Chicago, 111. This widely known company was incorporated in 1880, and has kept pace with the wonderful development made in the science as applied to business and domestic purposes. The plant of the corporation is one of the most valuable and complete in the United States, and their manu- factures include everything in the wiile range of telegraph, telephone, electric light, electro-plat- ing, and electro-magnetic supplies, annunciators, call bells, burglar alarms, thermostats, watch- man's registers, clocks, etc., the output including the latest and most useful inventions and iin provements in everything pertaining to this class of merchandise. The company occupy a large building four stories in height and 40x125 feet in dimensions, with an annex 30x90 feet in size for manufacturing purposes, the costly machinery with which the worKs are fully equipped being operated by a steam engine of 100 horse power. A force of from seventy-five to eighty compe tent electricians and skilled workmen are em- ployed in the different departments, and the fa- cilities of the company for supplying every requi- site for electrical purposes, of superior excel lence, at minimum rates, are complete and satis- factory in every particular. A handsomely illustrated catalogue and price list is furnished on application, and the repuia- tion of the company's manufactures and the busi- ness methods and worth of the manngement have always commanded the confidence of correspond- ents abroad and customers at home. The officers of the company are: President, Thos. Wallace; Secretary, Thos. Wallace, Jr.; Treasurer, Thos. W. Bryant. The president and secretary are natives of Con- necticut and are residents of Ansonia. The in- telligence and executive ability which character- izes the conduct of affairs, gives promi-e of in- creased usefulness and continued prosperity of this reliable, representative concern. R. N. Johnquest & Co., Jewelers and Opti- cians, 24 Main Street, Ansonia. — It is only a few years since the greater portion of jewelry was imported; but now, however, even better articles can be manufactured here. A prominent Ansonia concern engaged in thi- line of trade, is the enterprising establishment <>f K M. Johnquest & Co.. Jewelers and Opticians, No. 24 Main street. This business was estab- lished in Oct. 1882. Their store is large and is most eligibly located. Here is a very fine stock of Jewelry of the best workmanship and artistic design, embracing ladies' sets and pins of every descl'iption, precious stones, watches, clocks and silverware. Mr. Johnquest is a practical Opti- cian. Watch repairing is satisfactorily done at the lowest prices. Since its establishment in 1882 this house has achieved the success due to the business tact Mr. Johnquest ha'^ always manifested. He is a native of Massachusetts. Wallace & Sons, Brass and Copper Rolling Mills, Ansonia. — The wonderful results follow- ing in the wake of the establishment of extensive manufacturing enterprises in any section, are manifest in the surprising and rapid growth of Ansonia, which in a few yeiu-s, by reason ciatedvvith himself in business his son, Mr. Slurg' s G Gardn( r, and on a most extensive scale the business has been suc- cesslully conducted from its inception. The extensive works of the firm comprise two floors of the larue Gardner Block, 41)3>< i\Iain street, and ihe establishment is most tiioroughly equipped throughout with improved and valuable machinery driven by steam and wa er. A force of from 80 to 100 skilled operatives are em|)loyed in the works, and the fame of the house for the su erior styles and quality of its productions is coextensive with the limits of clock manufacture in this country. The Messrs. Gardner manufacture all kinds of clock dials and trimmings, including scale dials and sash, bra>-s and nickel mattings and trim- mings for cabinet pictures, frames, etc., and the beauty of design and perfection of workmanship of this firm has long commanded the conimentla- tion of clock manufacturers in all parts of the Uniti d Slates. In everj' regard Messrs. Ganlner successfully compete with any manufacturers in their line at h 'me and abroad, and their trade, which extends to all pans of America and many foreign countries, under most sag-icious manage- ment has attained great proporiions The Messrs. Gardner are C 'nnecticut men by birth and are recognized as successful manufac turers and influential citizens. Thos. Thompson, Dealer in Stoves, Ranges, House-Furnishing Goods, Repairing, etc., 112 Main St., Ansonia. — There is no other country in the world in which such enterprise and mechani- cal injjenuity are devoted to the manufacture and invention of house furnishing goods as is the case in the United Slates; and the result of this ( ondition of affairs is evid<'nt to all in the enor- mous variety and high order of merit of such goods on the market. Mr. Thos. Thompson, of No. 113 Main street^ is one ol the most enterprising and best known dealers in house furnishing goods in Ansi State. He is a live, progressive business man, and has desei"vedly won his gratifying success. In the main shop, on Beaver street, twenty-one are employed, anil this is the largest shop in this internal revenue district. Fred. Letsche, Merchant Tnilor, Water Sti'eet, Ansonia. — One of the leading Merchant Tailoring firms here is that of Mr. Fred. Letsche, whose large and elegant store is located on Water stree'. Mr. Letsche established his business in 1882, which lias annually increased, having become the finest in Ansonia. He occupies large and com modioiis quarters 24x70 feet in dimensions, which are finely fitted up for the reception of patrons. The trade of the merchant tailor is one which re- quires skill in all its branches. This Mr. Letsche possesses, owing to his long experience and the cImss of customers who have always patronized him. He has always in stock a large assortment of goods of latest pattern in donustic woolens, also fine imported cloths, embracing diagonals, cassimeres, suitings, cheviots, beavers, broad- cloths, etc , which are made up at moderate prices. Six skilled workmen are employed under the personal supervision of Mr. Letsche. Satisfac- tion is guaranteed in cut and fit. All garments are trimmed and made in a most desirable man- ner, and orders are attended to at shoit notice. His putions include the best class of customers, and ins twenty years' experience makes this house one of the most celebrated of its kind. Mr. Letsche is a native of Germany, a genial and reliable business man, with whom it is a pleasure to deal. F. K. Cook, Dealer in Groceries and Provis- ions, 45 and 47 Main Street, Ansonia. — One of the most liberally patronized of our Ansonia grocery and provision stores is the one so successfully carried on by Mr. F. K. Cook, at Nos. 45 and 47 Main street. 'I'his business was established by F K. Cook & Co. seven years ago. At the end of six months, however, Mr. F. K. Cook became sole proprietor A fine double store is occupied covering an area of 40.\60 feet, and emjiloyment is given to several capable assistants. The busi- ness is exclusively retail, but under the manage- ment of its present proprietor it has reached vast proportions, as may be judged fnnn the figures given above. Mr F K. Cook is a dealer in choice family groceries, beef, pork, lard, hams, mutif)n, poultry and a full line of salt meas, vege- tables and pniduce. Mr. Cook's stock of meats is alwjiys a carefully selected one, and is offered at the lowest prices which can be afforded, the quality of the goods being considered. Mr. Cook is a native of Connecticut, and is a live, pushing, bu-iness man, neatness being one of the most prondnent features of his store. He has a very large circle of friends a-ide from those made in a business way, and deservedly ranks high among our citizens. DERBY. This township, including within its limits the towns of Derby, Ansonia and Birmingham, comprises a peninsula formed between the Naugatuck and Ousatonic rivers, the centre being about nine miles from New Haven and thirteen miles from Bridgeport, with communication by the New Haven and Derby railroad with the former place, and by the Naugatuck railroad with Bridgeport. The surface of the country on the Ousatonic is elevated, with hills, descending gradually toward the Naugatuck, to the site of Birmingham. The land north of Birmingham has from earliest times been called " The Neck," and to the north of this the land is hilly, "Great Hill" being the most elevated and commanding a fine view of the Sound and adjacent country. The Naugatuck River runs south through the town and on the western boundary the Ousatonic flows southeast, and after its junction with the Naugatuck below Derby, forms a beautiful stream, navigable for steamers and other craft drawing less than twelve feet of water. The town was incorporated in 1720, and originally extended from Two-Mile Brook, northward a distance of twelve miles, with a width on the northern boundary of seven-and-a-half miles, and near the southern line about two-and-a-half miles in width, a total area of about 14,000 acres. This territory has been since reduced about one-half. In 1642, four years after the settlement of New Haven, four workmen were employed in building a trading house in the territory now known as Derby, and then called Paugasuck by the Indians and Paugassett by the English. In 1675 the court granted the people the privileges and rights of a plantation, and the name Derby was given to the settlement. Twelve families at that time resided on the plantation. Rev. John Burns, who had preached here for several years, was settled here at this date. Derby was the first inland settlement made in Naugatuck Valley and its growth was gradual. The people suffered severely from King Philip's war, the progress of the settlement being greatly retarde-' Birmingham Iron Foundry, Birmiiigliaiii. — The wide range of the manufactures and the quality and volume of its output has long ranked the concern as one of tiie principal sources of manufacturers' supplies. The extensive Avorks are the outgrowth of the plant established here by the Messrs. Colhurn and ISh( Idon Bassett over fifty years ago. The company was organized and inGorporated under the present name and style in 1850. The numerous buildings of the company cover an area of about six acres, and llie est^iblishment throughout is a model of completeness in its equipment and appointments. The valuable machinery is driven by steam power and a forcf of about 200 workmen are employed in the vari- ous departments. The facilities of the company for special work and the great variety and standard quality of their stock on hand for immediate wants, makes this a popular and desirable concern with which to place orders, and the trade of the company has in consequence developed immense propor- tions, and extends to all parts of the United States and many foreign mar- kets. The management com- bines all the executive -~ and business qualities es- sential to success, and in ':tomersand correspond- - I"'-- ents at home and abroad. ,.o*^^ The output comprises all kinds of chilled and sand rolLs, and rolling mill and rubber machinery of evtry description, includ- ing blooming, rail, mer- chant, steel, rod, wire, and paper mills, wire drawing benches, shears, punelus, presses, squeezers, rolling maciiinesfor gun barrels, hoes, picks, etc. Cornish crushers, special machinery for br;iss mills, calenders, washers and grinders, upper and soling machines, and embossing calenders; belt, bell and mould presses; stationary and rotary heaters; vulcan- izers, tubing, cloth cjeaning and varnishmg ma- chines, cloth diyers, pumps, accumulators, en- graved rolls, wire nail machines, hand and power wire cranes, lij'draulic presses, McCoy patent mill pinions, shafting, hangers, pulleys jiearing, castings, etc., in iron and brass of every descrip- tion. In 1865, at which date Mr. Sheldon Bassett died, Mr. Royal M. Bassett was elected presi- dent of the corporation, a position which he hat since filled with distingnislied ability. The New York office is located at No. 95 Lib- erty street. The officers are: Royal M. Bas'ett, President; Theodores. Bassett, Treasurer; Keury F. Wan- ning, Secretary. LEADING BUSINE8R MEN OF BIRMINGHAM. 261 The Sterling Company, R. W. Blake, Gen- eral Manager. New York Office and Ware- rooms, Nos. 7 and 9 West Fourteenth Street. Factories, Derby, Conn. — The wonderful suc- cess of the Sterlino; Organ Company, in estab lishing their instruments as the equals of any and superior to most in use, is scarcely to be wondert-d at when it is remembered that for many years the best talent has been emplo} ed and great expense has been incurretl in pt^rftct- ing their organs, and the highest degree of excel lence having been attained, the company's pres ent facilities are taxed to the utmost to supply the demand for their product. To meet tiiis steadily increasing demand, still further improve- ment in tlie works and an increase in the num- ber of employees is contemplated in the near future. The building of these organs whs com Dienccd by Messrs. Page & Porter in 186f<, and for two years this firm, under the name and style of tlie Birmingiiam Organ Company, con- ducted a flourishing bn.'-iness. In 1870 a stock company was ort-'aniz' d for the manufacture of these popular instruments, under the corporate name of the C. A S'erling Organ Co., which ■was changed to the Sterling Company about one year ago, without changing the perxonel of the concern, or the styles or quality of their instru- ments The Sterling Company's extensive factories at Birmingham are the most extensive and complete of their kind in the State. The prem ises occupied consist of a hirsre four-story build- ing, 40x500 feet in dimensions, giving a floor surface of nearly one acre, and the establishment is equipped in the most thorough manner with the best labor saving maciiitiery in use, driven by a steam ensine of 120 horse-power. A force of 250 skillful and experienced work- men are employed in tlie different departments, each of which is in charge of an expert in some sp"cial part of the work. The Company about one year ago added to th'-ir exten'^ive operations the manufacture of Pianos, and at present writing these instruments promise soon to rival tht ir Organs in popular favor. The pianos built in this establishment are handsome in design, solid in construction, brilliant in tone, magnificent in touch and beau- tiful in finish The Organs and Pianos are fin- islied in rosewood, mahogany and fancy walnut, and the marked preference for these instruments shown by experts and tlie music loving public generally throughout the United States, empha- sizes the verdict of the committee of the Aiueri- can Institute of New York, wlio awarded the medal of superiority to the Sterling Organ Com- pany in 1882. The Pianos and Organs of the Company are warranted for five years from the date of manu- facture and if, with ordinary and proper use an instrument proves defective, either in material or workmanship during that period, the company agree to put it in good repair or to replace it with a new one. Tlie many styles of Organs made by this suc- cessful concern, include "The Pearl," "The Al- bion," "New Imperial," "Rossmore," "Alexan- dra," "Imperial Chapel," "Rossmore Six Oc- tave," "Imperial Pipe Top," with the latest imjiroved reeds and stops. The chime of bells in the Sterling Organs need only to be heard to be appreciated. The cathedral chime of thirty bells, is pre-eminently the coming triumph of improvements in reed instruments. Although introduced but a short time since, the Sterling Pianos have already attained a front rank on their merits, and in fact, as in name, all the in- struments made by this company are "ster- ling" in tlie broadest sense of the word. The offiters of this successful concern are as follows: President and Treasurer. Chas. A. Sterling; Secretary and INIanager, R. W. Blake. The lat- ter IS an acknowledged master of liis art, and has had many years' experience in the practical de- tail>! of organ building. The management of affairs is admirable, and the future of the com- pany gives promise of grand achievement and increased prosperity. The New York City agency of the Sterling Company, is at N^s. 7 and 9 West Fourteenth street; and the Chicago ageccy is at 179 and 181 Wabasli avenue; and the traile, which has as- sumed gr* at proportions, extends to all parts of the United States and to many points in foreign countries. 262 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BIRMINGHAM. The Shelton Brass Hardware Company, Bir- mingham, Conn. — A successful, substantial and representative industry wbicli has attained im- portant proportions is tliat conducted at Bir- mingham by the Shelton Brass Hardware Com- pany, manufacturers of ship chandlery hard- ware, heavy and light brass and bronze castings, etc. This company was incorporated in 1884, and their works are among the leading industries of their kind in the country, and in the originality of design and general excellence of their product they are unsurpassed either at home or abroad. The wide range of manufactures of the Shel- ton Brass Hardware Company includes every- thing desirable in the several lines of yacht fix- tures, canoe trimmings, awning hardware, ice house tiimmings, flag pole tips and points, brass eagles and fancy arrangements for flag-poles, be- siites DeForest's patented show stands for dis playing goods, store fixtures and other special- ties, many of which cannot be duplicated else- where. An immense stock of the company's special- ties and merchandise can always be found at their offices and warerooms. No. 96 Chambers street. New York, No. 267 Federal street, Bos- ton, and the demand for the goods made by this concern is widespread and has reached great proportions. Possessing facilities for supplying everything required in their line and for filling orders for special work in rough and finished brass and bronze castings, light and heavy, not enjoyed by many brass founders in the country, the re- sources of the company are drawn upon from all parts of the United States, and for the beauty of designs and perfect working qualities of the manufactures, it rivals auy of its competitors in the country. Brass finishing, lacquering and plating is done to order at sliort notice and in the most satisfactory manner, and in all their under- takings the management is prompt and accom- modating. Special price lists and illustrated catalogues are furnished on application, and the methods and worth of the master minds who control and direct the important affairs of the concern, in- spire confident e and commendation. The latest improvements in machinery for their work have been introduced into these works, and the machinery is operated by water power. Eighty skilled workmen are employed in the establishment, and the aggregate of the output reaches large proportions. Mr. Thos. B. De- Ftirest is the president and Mr. H. S. DeForest is the secretary a' d treasurer of the company. Both are business men of large experience and eminent executive ability, and the success of the enterprise is abundantly assured. Howard & Barber, Dry Goods, Millinery, Carpets and Wall Papers, 126 and 128 Ma'in Street, Birmingham. — For several years past the dry goods and millinery establishment of Messrs. Howard & Barber has been the great shopping place for the people of Birmingham, and the store, from its inception, has been the leading concern of its kind in the valley. The present firm assumed control three years ago consisting of E. R. Howard and G. E. Barber, and the great tact and eminent business ability of these gen- tlemen have developed a trade of large propor- tions, and they are steadily extending and in- creasing the field and volume of their operations. Their store is furnished and appointed in a most tasteful manner, the two floors of the large build- ing thirty-five feet in front by 100 feet in depth, being utilized for the firm's purposes, and the establishment is one of the most attractive fea- tures of the great trade thoroughfare of the town. The premises are separated into a dozen differ- ent departments, each devoted to one line of merchandise, and the best cash railwaj'^ system in use facilitates the dispatch of business. The display of merchandise and the appointments of this stiire rank it in completeness and appear- ance the equal of many of the metropolitan dry goods establishments, and the facilities of the firm for supp'ying the most desirable merchan- dise in the market at low prices are unsurpassed by any retail dealers in New England. The stock is immense, carefully selected with special reference to the wants of customers, and sufficiently varied to accommodate all wants and requirements. The latest patterns in foreign and domestic silks, satins and dress goods, the most correct styles in millinery goods, fashion- able cloaks and wraps in all desirable modes, novelties in notions and small wares. A special feature is made of their Ciirpet and wall paper department, in which they enjoy the largest trade in the Naugatuck Valley. Satisfaction i* uniformly guaranteed to purchasers. Abbott & Co., Dealers in Hardware, House Furnishing goods. Paints, Window Glass, etc., Birmingham. — In every commnnity the most casual observer will note the business concern* which by reason of many years experience or special adaptation of the proprietors to their spec- ial lines of trade or industry, have attained pre- eminence among the houses generally engnged in business; and it is these prosperous leading establishments which largely promote the growth of their city, town or section. The senior partner has for sixteen years been actively and successfully engaged in business in Birmingham, and their large hardware establish- ment on Main street has long been one of the notable business concerns of any kind in this town. The house was founded over thirty years ago by Messrs. G. and D. Curtis, and the present firm have not only maintained the prestige and trade of the old house, but have largely increased and extended the volume of business and field of operations. Messrs. Abbott & Co.. succeeded to Curtis & Abbott in February, 1887, and occupy a large double storeroom 60 Jeet square, admirably ar- ranged for their purposes, and carry as complete an assortment of hardware, agricultural im- plements, crockerj% tin ware, paints, oils, etc., as can be found in this section. Messrs S. A. and F. D. Abbott are the indi- vidual members of this firm. They are both Connecticut men by birth, and are responsible- successful merchants and influential citizens. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BIRMINOHAM. 263 Star Pin Company, Jlanufacturers of Pins ar.d Hairpins of Every Dt script ion. ISIiliiary, Swan-bill, Spring and 8t curity lluoUs and Eyts; Birmingluim. — The immense consumption of pins everywliere, makes ilieir manufacture one oftiie W'^rld's greatest and most important in- dustries, and vast amounts of capital and energy are invested in tbis l)ranch of industrial activity in this section of the country, which now com- petes with the oldest establi-shments in Enghmd and on the Continent, both in quality and prices. Among the Ainerican manufacturers who have largely contributed totliis state of affairs, the Star Pin Company, of Birmingham, have for years held a leading plnce. This organization was formed and incorpor- ated as a slock company in 1866, and in the two decades of its existence, it bns enjoyed uninter- rupted prosperity. The worUs ot this comiiany consist of a substanti-d two story brick building 50 leet in front by 150 feet in depth, wiih a three- story L, also of bricK, and 30x75 feet in dimen- sions. The company employ a force of over 100 skilled optratives in their establishment, and the prnducts of the concern are of standard excel- lence and are in demand in every p:irt of this country. The plant is a valuable one, the work;- being equipped with the best improved machin- ery, operated by the valuable water-power of the company with steam as auxiliary. The out-put consists of i)ins and hairpins of every description, besides military, swan-liill, spring and security hooks and eyes, many of the latter being in new and original s yles and are in great demand everywhere. This company ar- the sole manufacturers of the celebrated " While Paper Pin." The officers of this well known company are as follows; President, D. W. Plumb; Secretary, G. H. Peck. Both are natives of Connecticut, and are recognized leaders in their special line of industrial activity. C. A. Pratt, Merchant Tailor and Dealer in Clothing and Furnishing goods. No. 91 Main Street, Birmingham. — It may not be uninterest ing to our masculine readers to rective some in- forniation pertaining to dress. The house of Mr. C. A. Pratt, established over twenty years ago by H. Somers, succeeded in 1882 by the present propriet( r, is conducted with a liberality and enterprise that has made for it an established reputation and may be re- garded as one of the most popular merchant tail- oring establishments in Ansonia, is located ai 91 iVFain street, with premises covering an area of 20.\80 feet. The business of the house is di rccted to the manulacture of custom made woik, although Mr. Pratt deals also in ready-made clothing and gentlemen's fninishing goods to a great ext* nt. A number of employes, expert in their various departments, are employe d. Mr. Pratt is a native of New York and has had a long experience, occupying a high p sition in the trade. The stock embraces a fine line of piece goods, boih domestic and foreign, making it an easy and pleasant task to select material^, and those who deal with Mr. Pratt may depend upon securing choice and tasteful fabrics, elegant styles, perfect fit, and superior finish in make, while the prices are invariably reasonable. _,.. .'^ Mr. Pratt is well known and highly esteemed, and his large trade is but a natural result. Wilcox & Howe, Manufacturers of Carriage- Makers' Irons, Birmingham. — The large busi- ness now conducted in Birmingham by Me>»srs. Wilcox & Howe, manufacturers of carriage makers' hardware was esial)lished ob a modest scale by Messrs. Terril] & AViicox in 1866, who began the manufacture of fifth wheels on a modest scale in Ansonia at that time. Mr. Wilcox removed to Birmingham in 1869, and in 1885 Mr. Howe bought a one half interest in the business, and they now in addition to being by far the most extensive manufacturers of fifth wheels, also make a large line of carriage irons, and have become from the smallest one of the three largest in their line of business and bid fair to be the first. This successful representative fiim occupy several large and imposing brick buildings, 36x175 feet and 45x200 feel in dimensions re- spectively, the lomer being three ?tories in lieiuht and the latter one story high and used as a forging shop. 'I'he works are equipped in the most thorough manner with improved labor- saviru; machinery, with an imnunse water pow- er as the motor, ard a force of skillful and ex- perienced workmen are employed in the vari- ous departments of the business. The range of sp. cialties manufactured by Messrs. Wilcox «& Howe, comprises many novel and desirable goods in carriage bnildeis' materials, many of these being of original design and all of superior quali- ty and woikuianship. Possessing every facility for placing upon the maiket the most desirable goods in their line at small margins above cost of production, and with every convenience for first class work, and a reputntion for probity and square dealing, this house enjovs the confidence of its patrons in all parts of the world. Their trade h igns and elegant settings, etc. The remaining poition of the main store- room is devoted to the book, stationery and fancy goods trade, and is filled to ov'eifiowing with a very large and select assortment of mis- cellaneous books and standard publications, plain and fancy stationery, art goods, and nov- elties in fancy articles in many forms of use and beauty, while a side room is utilized as a circu- lating library, which is made a leading feitnre of the concern, and which, with 3,o00 of valu- able volumes placed at tlie disposal of the town and vicinity, is one of the great attractions of the store and a most important source of knowl- edge and pleasure to the citizens of this section. Mr. Allis is a native of Bridgeport, and is a gentleman of exceptional business tact and intel- ligence. Thomas L. T. Bulluss, Real Estate and Insur- ance Agent and Notary Public, 109 Main Street, Birmingham. — For four years past Mr. Thos. L. T. Bulluss has been widely known in business circles in the Naugituck Valley, as a leading real estate and insurance agent, and his establishment is a favorite resort for owners of projierty iu this section, seeking sure protection against loss by fire and accident. Mr. Bulluss represents the National Fire Ins. Co., of i4artford; the Providence Washington, of Providence; the Meriden; the Agricultural, of Waleitovvn, N. Y., the Slate Mutual, of Hartford; the Fidelity and Casualty, of New- York; and Lloyd's Plate Glass. He is also agent for the Berkshire Life Ins. Company, and has every facility tor placing reliable insurance on life, personal or real est.ite, and plate glass, at mifiimum rates of premium, and his promptitude and accurate business methods inspire universal confidence. Mr Bulluss buys and sells real es- tate, in town or county, on commission, and his knowledge of values and locations makes him a desirable agent with whom to entrust commis- .'■ions for disposal of or investment in real estate. He is a native of Connecticut, and is lield in general confidence for his business worth and in- telligence. The Beardsley Building Company, Con- tractois and Bi.iklers, Birmingham. — This well- known company was oigaiiiz'-d and began busi- ness in Biriniiigliam, in 1879, and in most of the many late important building operations in this rapitlly-growing industrial center, the house has taken a prominent part. The C(tnip:iny is composed of Messrs. Chas. T., Henry N., and Geo. W. Beardsley, all of whom are piaclical mast is of more importance to the commvmity at large tlian that of the druggist. In this connection the attention of our readers is directed to the establishment of Mr. A. B. Pixlej', Center street, near post office, in this town, where he has a most ta-tefully fitted up store. Mr. Pixley lias been established in the business in Wallingfoid lifieen years, and still continues the active management, exercising a thorough personal supervision. Tlie various drugs and medicines to be found here are of the purest cliaracler possible, which is of much imioitiince in the compounding of presf riptions parlicidarly. This department is marUcd by the constant increase in its volume of business; competent chemists are employed, and never ha'' the slightest mistake in any way occurred in the compounding of a prescription by himst If or his assistants. He also deals large- ly in patent medicines of every description. His store is very finely located, covering an area of 20.\40 feet, and is one of the most attractive stores in VVallingford. A full line ot fancy articles can always be found here, such as perfumes, fancy soaps, combs, brushes, spong*'?, etc. Dr. Pixley has by liis upright and honorable dealini;s won the highest esteem of the citizens of Wallingford. His long experience eniitlcw him to the confidence of the entire community. He was formerly of the firm of Morgan & Pix- ley, Great Barrington, ^lass. Cony House, Corner of Hall Are. and Cherry St., near Depot, Wallingford. — Most desirably located, withm a few rods of the depot, the Cony House has, for many years, been a resort for liavelers in Wallingford, and the prestige and patronage of the house, with Mr. Samuel StillmMii Lawton as the proprietor, is now more thun maintaineil. The Cony House is a large, two story frame building, with sample and billiard rooms, and other attractions for the entertainment of guests. The rootns are large and comlorlal)ly furnished, end >.t popular p ices travelers are entertained in the m st satistjictoiy manner wiili every home comfort, including a bountif.iliysupplied table. Mr. Lawtou is a competent, genial host, and makes the welfare and comfort of his guests his constant care, and for those who prefer comfort at low rates, the Cony House will doubtless- continue to be, as it long has been, a popular hotel. S. D. Johnson, Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Spectacles, etc., Wallingford. — We would invite the attention of the residents of VVallingford to the well known jewelry estab- lishment of S. D. Johnson. This house was first established at East Haddam in 1872 and was moved to Wallingford in 1879. The store is well known for the beiiuly and variety of its goods. The premises occupied are 24x25 feet in dimen- sions, and contain a.fine stock ofjewelry, which is varied and extensive. A fine assortment of watches, clocks and optical goods is carried in addition to jewelry. Mr. Johnson makes a specialty of repairing, and all are assured of having watches, clocks and jewelry of all descrii tions re])aired in the best style at hhort notice and at very reasonable prices. Mr Johnson is a practical jeweler and understiinds the art of manufacture and repairing. Mr. Johnson is a native ol Essex and well and favorably known in social and bnsiness circles- of that town as well as in Wallingford. P. Gallagher, Dealer in Groceries and Provis- ions, No. 16 Center Street, Wallingford. — One of the most flourishing h' \ises devott d to this line of trade is that of Mr. P. Gallaiiher located at No. 16 Center street. The premises occupied are 45x70 feet in dimensions. A fine stock of groceries and provisions is carried, and every facility and accommodation for conducting the several branches of the business is possessed. In the trrocery department will be found the best of leas, coffees, spices, sugars and flour. In the provision deiiartment is a choice sehcted stock of hams and salt meats, also all kinds of vegeta- bles in their sea'-on. Mr. Galhigher is an ener- getic enterprising business man and one who thoroughly understarids his business. Mr. Gal- lagher t;ives his personal supervisi(m to the se- lecting and purchasing of his stock. In connec- tion with thegrncery and provision business Mr. Gal agher dcMJs in real esiate and manifests the s;tme enterprising business spirit in this br.inch; of trade as has made him successful in the gro- cery business, and hi.s courteous attention to all patrons has won a large circle of friends. < Q < CO O O Z 1— < z w o Pi o u H w c/5' > z CO O Z o o < in Oi en O O CO O Z H z o I— I H O Q Z < in O CO o o 00 Q w O u < I— H z < H CQ W Q en O O w < Qi W O W (i5 < D CO O CO X o CJ u < < CO Q Z