;\ ' 1 /-. , ... ■ ,0- 'O, .■, A' * ^^'' * ^o"^ c,^<^ ^^^ -:/. -^^■' ,0' >, - \ Z " ^ aN A. xOo, ;>^^ '^^^,4i. V TEXAS: §cr llcsouraB and her |3iiblic Pen, A COMPANION FOR J. PE CORDOVA'S NEW AND CORRECT MAP THE STATE OF TEXAS. By J. DE CORDOVxi. ' Nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice." — Shakspeare. FIRST EDITION. PHILADELPHIA : J. B. LirriNCOTT k CO, 1858. ^^.^*^ a'' 2} S3 •«»s:-fc- TEXAS: i? HER RESOURCES AND HER PUBLIC MEX. GOVERNMENT. The Constitution of 1845 secures the right of voting to every white male citizen 21 years of age and resident in the State twelve and in the district six months. Elections are held biennially. The Legislature is composed of a Senate, chosen for four years, and House of Representatives, for two years. Every voter is eligible to sit in the House ; Senators must be at least 30 years old. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, commencing on the first Monday in November. The Gov- ernor and Lieutenant-Governor are chosen for two j'ears. They must have the qualifications of Senators, and the Lieutenant-Governor is ex-officio President of the Senate. The judiciary is exercised by a supreme court, district courts, etc., the judges of which are chosen by the people. The supreme court has appellate juris- diction only. In criminal cases where the penalty is not specified, the jury are authorized to determine it. Justices of the peace are elected in precincts for two years, and have jurisdiction in all cases in which the damages do not amount to over $100. The Constitution provides that "no law shall be passed to emancipate slaves except by their owner's consent, and after paying a full compensation for them;" "slaves accused of higher crimes than petit larceny shall have a fair trial by jury, and any one who maliciously dismembers or deprives a slave of life shall be punished as if he had committed the same crime on a white person, except in case of insurrection of such slave." Texas sends two representatives to Congress. ASTRONOMICAL POSITION. Between latitudes 25° 45' and 36° 30' north and longitudes 16° 28' and 29° 45' west from Washington, or 93° 30' and 106° 45' from Greenwich. BOUNDARIES. Northern : New Mexico, Kansas and Iiuliau Territories, from the latter of which it is chiefly separated by the Red River ; — eastern : the States of Arkansas and Louisiana, the Sabine being the dividing-line between Texas and Louisiana; — southern : the Gulf of Mexico ; — and western : the Rio Grande, which separates it from tlie Mexican States, and the Territory of New Mexico. DIMENSIONS. Q^y___ The greatest extent of the State, east and west, is about 800 miles, and north and •5^ south about 700 miles. The outline, however, is very irregular, and the extent in both directions averages a much less admeasurement. The superficies is estimated at 237,504 square miles, — an area nearly equal to that of the Austrian Empire, and more than three times the extent of the six New England States. (3) 4 LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES— ELEVATIONS. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN THE STATE OF TEXAS. The utmost reliance can be placed upon the following table, as it has been prepared and arranged for us with great care and labor, and many of the points actually ascertained expressly for Do Cordova's Map of the State of Texas, by TIPTON WALKER, Esq. CIVIL ENGINEER AND ASTRONOMER, GALVESTON, who ia well known to own the finest and most complete set of astronomical instruments in the United States, and whose accuracy and attention to business of this nature are duly appreciated by all who are acquainted with him. La Sabine Pass 29° N. E. end of Galveston 29° Galveston City [Cathedral] 29° San Luis Pass 29° Velasco [Brazos River] 28° Mouth of the San Bernard 28° Paso Cavallo 28° Espiritu Santo Inlet 28° Aransas Pass 27° Corpus Christi Pass, 27° Brazos Santiago 26° Mouth of Rio Grande 25° San Antonio 29° Galveston City.® 29° * According to coast survey. ELEVATION OF DIFFERENT POINTS IN TEXAS. Most persons, forming their ideas from the level country i)ordering the Gulf coast, look upon Texas as a low, level country. The following table of altitudes carefully compiled by Stephen Crosby, Esq., Commissioner of the General Land Office, will convey more correct information upon the subject. Trespalacios, corner of stone ware- Rio San Pedro, last crossing 1827 house 6J Howard's Spring 2075 Galveston 10 Table-lands of Texas 2091 Lavaca 24 Live- Oak Creek 2337 Guadalupe, at the mouth of the Head of main or south fork of Red Sandies 50 River 2450 City of Houston 60 Llano Estacado (Staked Plain) Town of Columbus 250 from 2300 to 2500 City of Gonzales 270 Rio Pecos Valley, from 2330 to 2658 Cibolo 350 Rio Eseondido, first crossing 2660 City of Austin 600 High table-lands beyond 3003 San Antonio 635 First Point on the Rio Grande 3700 Mouth of Little Wichita 750 El Paso 3750 Castroville 767 Limpia, first crossing 3l»50 Fortlnge 835 Leon Spring 4240 Rio San Pedro, first crossing 859 Eagle Spring 4842 Big Wichita 900 Painted Camp 5020 Leona Mountain, near Fort Inge.... 950 Providence Creek 5492 Junction of the south and north Highest point of the road to El forks of Red River 1100 Paso 5896 itud e. Longitu de. 41' 06".. ...93° 45' 20" 21' 02".. .. 94° 49' 20" 18' 11".. ...94° 48' 00" 02' 90".. ...95° 22' 00" 67' 30".. ...95° 33' 05" 51' 01".. ...95° 49' 03" 19' 20".. ...96° 22' 06" 05' 25".. ...96° 61' 20" 51' 05".. ...97° 03' 40" 37' 02".. ...97° 16' 00" 06' 00".. ...97° 13' 15" 65' 68".. ...97° 11' 28" 25' 18".. ...98° 30' 00" 18' 17".. ...94° 46' 30" POPULATION OF TEXAS. POPULATION OF TEXAS. No census of tho Stato of Texas has been taken since the year 1850 ; at that time there were only eighty counties in the State of Texas, and the whole number of the population was then only 154,034 white, and 58,161 colored; making a total of 212,592. It will no doubt be a matter of moment to all interested in Texas affairs, to trace up her gradual increase of population ; and as we can onlj' arrive at this by giving the popular vote, we have prepared the following table, and think we are justifiabla in taking it as our data that there are ten white inhabitants in Texas for every voter. The first executive officer elected in Texas, after the Revolution broke out, was a Provisional Governor, chosen by the " Consultation," on the 11th November, 1835. The vote stood, For Henry Smith, of Brazoria 31 " Stephen F. Austin 22 " James W. Robinson, for Lieutenant-Governor 52 On the adoption of the Constitution in March following, 1836, the Convention elected David G. Burnet President ad interim, and Lorenzo de Zavala Vice-Presi- dent, who served till the 22d October following, 1836. We have not the vote. For First President, September, 1836. Sam Houston 4,374 Henry Smith 741 Stephen F. Austin 589—5,704 For Second President, September, 1838. Mirabeau B. Lamar 6,995 Robert WUson 252—7,247 For Third President, in 1841. Sam Houston 7.915 David G. Burnet 3,619—11,534 For Fourth and Last President, in 1844. Anson Jones 6,994 Edward Burleson 5,695—12,689 For First Governor, November, 1845. J. Pincknev Henderson 7,853 Dr. James B. Miller 1,673 Scattering 52—9,578 For Governor in 1847. George T. Wood 7.154 Dr. James B.Miller 5,106 Nicholas H. Darnell 1,176 J. J. Robinson 479 Scattering 852—14,767 For Governor in 1S49. P. Hansbrough Bell 10,318 George T. Wood 8,764 JohnT. MUls 2,633— 21,rif 6 TITLES TO LANDS. For Governor in 1851. P. Hansbrough Bell 13,595 Middleton T. Jobnson 5,262 John A. Greer 4,061 Benjamin H. Epperson 2,971 Thomas J. Chambers 2,320 Scattering 100—28,309 For Governor in 1853. Elisha M. Pease 13,091 William B. Ochiltree 9,178 George T. Wood 5,983 Lemuel D. Evans 4,677 Thomas .J. Chambers 2,449 John W. Dancy 315 Scattering 459—36,162 For Governor in 1855. Elisha M. Pease 26,336 David C. Dickson 17,968 Scattering 1,034—45,333 For Governor in 1857. — Incomplete. Hardin R. Runnels .' 33,300 Sam Houston 23,878—57,178 It will be seen that the increase of the vote within the twenty-one years from September, 1836, to August, 1857, is over one thousand per cent. — unparalleled, we apprehend, by any State in the Union, excepting Wisconsin and California. — — *^»t*4*- — TITLES TO LANDS. The titles to lands in Texas may be classed under four different heads. The first or oldest are those emanating from the Spanish Government; the second, those issued by the Supreme Government of Mexico; third, those issued by the State of Coahuila and Texas ; and fourth, those by the late Republic now State of Texas. Those from the Spanish Government were issued for important services per- formed by individuals, and for ecclesiastical purposes, such as the founding and support of missions and churches, the conversion of the Indians and the spread of the Catholic religion. The grants from the Mexican Government were made on certain conditions, which were supposed to have a beneficial tendency in developing the resources of the country — such as the erection of mills, the raising of cattle — and sales for cash to recruit the exhausted treasury. Those from the State op Coahuila and Texas were for the same purposes as those issued by the Government of Mexico, and as headrights to settlers under contracts with Empresarios, as is evidenced by the contracts made and carried out by the different contractors, — by whom full titles have been issued. These con- tracts were four different ones to Stephen F. Austin and separate contracts to the following gentlemen : Sterling C. Robertson, David G. Burnet, Green de Witt, TITLES TO LANDS. 7 Vehlin, Lorenzo de Zavala, Austin and Williams, Powers and Hewetson, and McMullen and McGloin. By virtue of the contract every single man was en- titled to a quarter league of land, and the head of every family to one league. Besides this, each contractor was entitled to a certain amount of Premium Lands for«very one hundred families that he introduced into the country. The grants from the Republic and State of Texas consist of Ileadright Grants, Bounty and Donation Claims, Land Script, Pre-emption Grants, Colony Certifi- cates, Special Grants, and for Railroad purposes. The Headrights are divided into first, second, third and fourth class. This division only shows the date of the issuance of the claim, and does not relate to the value-or classification of the land. The first class claims were issued to all persons who were resident citizens of Texas at the date of independence. These consisted of Certificates for One League and one Labor to all heads of families, and one-third op a League to all single men, except those that had received a grant under the laws of Coahuila and Texas. In that ease the heads of families who had received one League were entitled to an additional Labor, equal to one hundred and seventy-seven acres; the unmarried persons, who received one-fourth of a League, were enti- tled to an additional twelfth of a League, equal to three hundred and sixty- nine acres. The second class claims are those of emigrants that arrived after the Declaration of Independence and before the 1st of October, 1837. Heads of families were en- titled to certificates of one thousand two hundred and eighty acres, and single men to six hundred and forty acres, provided they remained in the country three year^. The third class claims are those issued to persons who emigrated to the Republic of Texas after the 1st of October, 1837, and previous to the 1st of January, 1840. Every head of a family was entitled to six hundred and forty acres of laud, and single men to three hundred and twenty acres, provided they remained in the country three j-ears. The fourth class claims are those that were issued to persons arriving after January 1, 1840, and previous to January 1, 1842, and were for the same quantity and on the same conditions as the third class Headrights. As regards the second, third and fourth class Headrights, conditional certificatea were originally granted to enable parties to locate their lands at an early date. These grants could not be sold or transferred, as they did not vest the titles to the lands to the different parties until the unconditional certificates were issued; which could only issue after full proof having been made of a strict compliance with the laws. After the issuance of these unconditional certificates, legal transfers could be made. Special Headrights are those that are issued to the heirs of those who fell with Fannin, Ward, Travis, Grant and Johnson. Maxried men, One League and OSA Labor; single men, one-third League. 8 TITLES TO LANDS. Bounty claims were issued to all persons who served in the regular army during the war of Independence, on the following scale : three months' service, three HDXDRED AND TWENTY acres ; six months' service, six hundred and forty acres; nine months' service, nine hundred and sixty acres, and twelve months' service, ONE thousand TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHTY acrcs. These claims could be legally transferred before or after the issuance of the warrants. All the heirs of all those who died while performing military duty were entitled to six hundred and forty acres additional. Frontier Bounty claims of two hundred and forty acres each were issued to soldiers raised for the protection of the northern and western frontier. These claims could not be transferred until after the issuance of the warrants. Special Bounty claims of One League were issued as "a testimony of gratitude by the Republic" to those who were personally disabled by " the loss of eye, arm or limbs by wounds received in the service of Texas." Donation claims, each of 640 acres, were issued to those that participated in the battle of San Jacinto, the storming of Bexar, and those that fell under Travis, Ward, Bowie and Fannin. Pre-emption claims are lands granted on the condition that parties ACTUALLY SETTLE upon and CULTIVATE for three years a particular tract of land. These claims cannot be over three hundred and twenty acres each. ^g^Immigrants ought to be very careful in purchasing lands of Pre-emptora before the Patents issue ; but after the issuance of the Patents this class of claims may be regarded as perfectly safe. Land Script — issued for three hundred and twenty acres and six hundred AND forty acres, for the support of the army and in redemption of the promissory notes of the Government. These could be transferred by simple endorsement. There have been four Colony Contracts entered into by the Republic of Texas, known as Fisher and Miller's Colony, Peters' Colony, Mercer's Colony, and Castro's Colony. In these married men were entitled to six hundred and forty acres; single men to three hundred and twenty acres. The contractors were also entitled to Premium Lands. Every county in the State is entitled to four Leagues of lands for educational purposes. Fifty Leagues have been granted for the establishment of universi- ties, and the different colleges in the State have been liberally endowed with lands. All Railroads have a grant of sixteen sections per mile, under certain restric- tions, — a quantity amply suflBcient to repay them hereafter for their entire cost. Certificates of Headrights, Bounty and Donation Warrants, and Land Script, are merely authority from the Government to the original grantees, or their assignees, to appropriate to their own use a certain quantum of the vacant public domain. This particular portion is pointed out by the owner of the Script, or his agent, to the Deputy Surveyor, who runs and marks the lines of the lands de- signated. The Deputy Surveyor makes his return to the District Surveyor, who examines the same and plats it on the District map. These field-notes, together PRE-EMPTION CLAIMS. 9 with the original certifioatc and chain of transfers, arc then sent up to the General Land Office, whore they are properly filed, enveloped and endorsed, and then pass through a rigid examination ; and if, from all the data that is in possession of the Land Office, it is found that the certificate is a genuine one, issued in strict com- pliance with law — [in this duty the Commissioner of the General Land Office is as- sisted by the Commissioner of the Court of Claims] — also that the transfers are full, ample and complete, and the field-notes are not only correctly made out — closing properly — and that the area is correct, but they must be connected with some other known survej', and on being platted on the map must not conflict with any other survey, — then, and only then, will the Commissioner allow the patent to issue. These patents ought then to be recorded in the county wherein the land is situated. PRE-EMPTION CLAIMS. There is perhaps no point that the immigrant is more interested in, or on which he requires more reliable information, than that which relates to pre-emptions, be- cause the parties who are in general the purchasers of this class of claims are those who live too remote from the seat of Government to make the necessary examinations. One of the first inquiries that ought to be made is for the Patent for the laud, for if this has once issued and has been lost or mislaid, a certified copy thereof can be always obtained at a small expense, and it is an evidence that all the formalities of the law have been strictly complied with. Read attentivcl}' the letter of tl^e Com- missioner of the General Land Office, and you will see the risk that you run in pur- chasing titles to lauds before the issuance of the patent; for it ought to be borne in mind, that although any District Survej'or or his deputy can make survej's, and fur- nish the field-notes, without even infringing any laws, and at the same time honestly do his duty, yet it may be found hereafter impossible to obtain a patent, in consequence of neglect or cupidity or want of knowledge on the part of the appli- cant. It will be borne in mind that at the last session of the Legislature all laws granting pre-emption rights were repealed. Austin, January 8th, 1857. Dear Sin : — Many inquiries having been made to this Office by Surveyors and others relative to the character of proof required to obtain patents on surveys made for settlers within the " Reserve," under "An act to authorize the location and settlement of the Mississippi and Pacific Railroad Reserve," passed August 26th, 1856, the law not pointing out any mode by which the benefits of the act may be obtained, without prejudice to the interests of the State, and it being absolutely necessary that satisfactorj- evidence should be produced before a patent issues or a survey is made, and that the field-notes should show by what authority the survey was made, I have seen proper to give the following instructions upon the subject, 1* 10 PRE-EMPTION CLAIMS. that the mode may be uniform throughout the State, and that the applicant may not be subjected to the trouble and expense of making the same proof twice. That the applicant be required to make affidavit before the County Clerk, Chief Justice, or some Notary Public, supported by the testimony of two disinterested, respectable witnesses, known to the officer taking the proof, that HE OR SHE WAS BONA-FIDE SETTLED UPON VACANT LAND at the date of said act, August 26th, 1856, and has continued to reside upon the same from the time of such settlement to the date of the application ; which affidavit must be numbered and filed by the Surveyor, and recorded with the field-notes of the survey. The field-notes to describe the affidavit by number and date, so that they may be identified at this office, and the affidavit to be attached to- and returned with the field-notes, on or before the first day of January, 1858. The law requires that the surveys should be made in a square, provided the pre- vious survey made before the passage of the act incorporating said railroad will permit it ; if not, as nearly in a square as possible. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. Crosby, Commissioner. As there are so many persons interested in pi-e-emption claims, and as delay in issuance of the patents is caused by the want of proper information on the part not only of the applicants but of the officials, whose duty it is to attend to the mat- ter, we have obtained the following forms from the General Land Office, a proper attention to which on the part of the different County Clerks, and others interested, ■will save much time and trouble. — -Hi^#'14€+»- — FORM OF PRE-EMPTION CERTIFICATE. THE STATE OF TEXAS, ] „„ „„„ COUNTY OF TRAVIS. J *■"*"■ ^""* I, Paul St. Clair, Clerk"! of the County Court of the county aforesaid, hereby certify that John James Smith and his assignee, Robert M. Elgin, have resided upon and cultivated the tract of laud, surveyed for the said John James Smith, as a Pre-emption claim, by Samuel Dart, Surveyor for Travis District, (or county,) on the 10th day of May, 1853, for the space of thi'ee consecutive years, and have fully complied with the provisions of "An Act granting to J. McLane upon pub- lic domain pre-emption privileges," approved January 22d, 1845. The above facts having been proved to me by the oaths of W. H. Thomas and W. S. Hotchkiss, two respectable witnesses to me well known. In testimony whereof, &o. Note. — When the applicant applied under the Act of 1854, the proof must bo made before the Chief Justice of the county, who must certify, in addition to ■what is contained in the foregoing certificate, " that he or she is bona-fide settled upon vacant laud, that he or she was a resident citizen at the date of the Act of February 13th, 1855, and has not heretofore secured or appropriated any land under said Act." REDEMPTION OF LANDS SOLD FOR TAXES. 11 FORM OF REPORT. Report of Pre-emption Certificates issued by the County Clerk (or Chief Jus- tice, as the case may be) of Travis county, during the Quarter ending March 25th, 1857. No. of Certific'ts Name of Grant for whom Sur. was made. Name of Assignee. Quantity of Land. Names of Witnesses. Date of Certificate. 900 Jno.Jas. Smith, Robt. M.Elgin, 320 Acr. W.H.Thomas, Feb. 25,'57 W.H.Houston 901 Jno. Jas Smith, F. W, Moore, 160 " M. Harrison, A. Grooms, " 26,' 57 902 g Reuben Black, T. D. Ormsby, 275J " W.S.Hotchkis J. T. Shanks, « (( 903 P. St. Clair. 200 " P. Shipley, J. M. Long. ti « THE STATE OF TEXAS, ") COUNTY OF TRAVIS, j I, Paul St. Clair, Clerk of the County Court (or Chief Justice, as the case may be) of said county, hereby certify that the above certificates, being four in number, were issued by me in accordance with the Act of February 7th, 1852, (or February 13th, 1854, as the case may be,) during the Quarter ending March 2d, 1857. In testimony whei-eof, I hereunto set my hand, and affix the seal of the County Court, at Austin, on the 2d day of March, 1857. Note. — It is desirable that reports should be made to the 2d of March, 2d of June, 2d of September, 2d of December, of each year. Lax? authorizing the Redemption of Lands sold for Taxes. Wo would call the especial attention of all owners of land purchased by the State for taxes to the following act, passed at the session of the Legislature during the term of 1855 and 1850 just closed. AN ACT To restore Lands sold for Taxes and purchased by the State of Texas, to the former owners, on certain conditions. Section 1. — Be it enacted, by the Legislature of the State of Texas, that the former owner of Lands that have been sold for Taxes and purchased by the State shall have two years from and after the passage of this act to redeem the same, upon paying to the Assessor or Collector of Taxes of the County wherein the land is, all arrearages of Taxes unpaid, with fifty per cent, per annum on all Taxes that are or should be due on such lands had the former owner continued to own, and give io the same for Taxation, and a Fee of two dollars to the Assessor and Collector for his services. Section 2. — It shall be the duty of the Assessor and Collector to compare the 12 FORM OF DEEDS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. value of the Lands that have been sold for Taxes, and have remained unassessed for any number of years, in accordance with the value of Lands lying in the vicinity of such Lands so sold and purchased by the State. Section 3. — The Assessor and Collector shall make a separate quarterly return to the Comptroller, specifying the Lands redeemed as herein provided, and the amount of Taxes collected thereon, which Tax he shall pay into the Treasury, as required for the payment of other Taxes. The Certificate of the Assessor and Collector shall be sufficient evidence that the Lands have been redeemed and the former owner restored to all the rights he possessed in such land prior to the sale of the same for Taxes. Nothing in this Act shall be so construed as to prevent parties from paying the Taxes so due to the Comptroller, and this Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. FORM OF DEEDS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The following is the form of a deed agreeably to the statute, and ought gene- rally to be followed ; although there is a provision that no instrument of writing shall be vitiated in consequence of a want of formality. As many instruments are insufilciently authenticated, thereby causing the record to be worthless, we herewith give the proper form of authenticating the same. Instruments of writing can be acknowledged or proved agreeably to the acts of May 12th, 18-16, and March 16th, 1848, before a Notary Public, a Clerk of the County Court, or his deputy, or the Chief Justice of any county. Without the State and within the limits of the United States they must bo acknowledged before some Commissioner appointed by the Governor of Texas to take acknowledgments for the State in which such acknowledgment may be taken, and be attested by his seal as such Commissioner. When taken before a Commissioner they will need no further authentication. The acknowledgment may, however, bo taken before the JUDGE— ^®~not the CLERK"@^ — of any court of record in the State where taken, and certified by him under the SEAL of the court, in which case the authority of the Judge to act as such •must be certified by the Secretary and be attested by the seal of the State. THE STATE OF TEXAS,] TRAVIS COUNTY. J Know all men, by this Public Instrument, made and entered into by and between Henry William Goodwin, of the county of Comal, in the State of Texas, of the first part, and Jacob De Cordova, of the county of Guadalupe, in the State of Texas, of the second part, witnesseth : That for and in consideration of the sum of one thou- sand seven hundred and fifty dollars in hand, paid by the party of the second part to the party of the first part, the receipt of which is hereby fully acknowledged and confessed, the party of the first part by this act has granted, bargained, sold, con- veyed and released, and doth hereby grant, bargain, sell, convey and release unto FORM OF DEEDS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 13 the said party of the second part, his heirs, assigns and legal representatives, the following described land and premises Ij'ing and being in the county of Travis, in the State of Texas, to wit : six hundred and forty acres of land, granted to Abraham Butler, as the assignee of Ferdinand Columbus, situated on the river Colorado, and known as Survey No. 89, (eighty-nine,) about eighteen miles N. W. from the city of Austin, as is evidenced by Letter Patent No. 327, recorded in Vol. No. 6 of Bounty Claims at the city of Austin, on the 19th day of April, A.D. 1847, and which was transferred to me by the said Abraham Butler, by deed bear- ing date the i;Uh day of August, 1852, recorded in Vol. No. 5, pages 364 and 365, of the records of Travis county, which patent and deed is herewith delivered, and is declared part and parcel of this conveyance ; together with all and singular tho rights, members, improvements, hereditaments and appurtenances to the same be- longing, or in any wise incident or appertaining, and the reversions and remainders, rents, issues and profits thereof. To have and to hold all and singular tho premises and hereditaments above mentioned, and hereby and herein granted, with the ap- purtenances thereto belonging, to the party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, forever. And the said party of the first part, by this act, binds himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, to warrant, and forever defend, all and singular, tho said hereinbefore-described premises, unto the said party of tho second part, his heirs and assigns, against every person or persons whomsoever lawfully claiming or to claim the same or any part thereof.* In witness of all which, the party of the first part hereunto sets his hand and seal, (using scroll for seal,) at the city of Austin, this 6th day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven. AVitness, _ Jeremiah Loveland, HENRY WILLIAM GOODWIN. ffHSJI IIezekiah Moreland. * The above is a Warrantee Deed. Should you wish to give only a Quit- Claim Deed, here insert the words " by, through or under the party of the first part," and then it becomes a quit-claim deed. FORM OF AUTHENTICATING THE ABOVE, BY THE GRANTOR APPEARING BEFORE A NOTARY PUBLIC, COUNTY CLERK, OR CHIEF JUSTICE. THE STATE OF TEXAS, ) -,„ ,0,0 COUNTY OF TRAVIS, j *^«». *5»*y. Before me. P. De Cordova, Notary Public (or County Clerk, or Deputy County Clerk, or Chief Justice, as the case may be) in and for the county of Travis, in the State of Texas, duly commissioned and qualified, this day personally appeared Henry William Goodwin, of the county of Comal, to mo well known to be the individual who executed the above instrument of writing, bearing date the 6th day of June, 1857, and acknowledged the execution of the same; and that he delivered the same as his binding act and deed, for the purposes and consider- 14 FORM OF DEEDS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ations therein mentioned and at length set forth. Given under my hand and ofS- cial seal, at my office in the city of Austin, this 2J:th day of September, A.D. eighteen hundred and nfty-seven. P. DE CORDOVA, Notary Public, Travis County. form op authexticating the above by one of the witnesses. THE STATE OF TEXAS, ) COUNTY OF TRAVIS. J Before me, P. De Cordova, Notary Public in and for the county of Travis, in the Btate of Texas, duly commissioned and qualified, this day personally appeared Je- remiah Loveland, of the county of Burnet, to me well known,* one of the sub- scribing witnesses to the above deed, who, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith that Henry William Goodwin, whose name appears to the above deed, dated the 6th day of June, 1857, acknowledged, in his presence, that he subscribed, sealed and exe- cuted the same for the uses, purposes and considerations therein stated ; and that he, together with Hezekiah Moreland, signed the same as witnesses at the request of said Henry William Goodwin. Given under my hand and official seal, at my office in the city of Austin, this 24th day of September, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven. P. DE CORDOVA, Notary Public, Travis County. * If the party is not known, then it is the duty of the officer to require the pre- sence of some person that is well known to him, to vouch that the party appearing before him to be sworn is the identical party ; then the certificate should be altered to read as follows : — " To me made known to be the same person by Abraham Westmoreland, of Fairfield, county of Freestone, as a person of good repute." FORM OF authentication OF THE SIGNATURE OF HUSBAND AND WIFE. THE STATE OF TEXAS,) -,„ , q, « COUNTY OF TRAVIS. J ™°" ■^^*^- Before me, P. De Cordova, Notary Public in and for the county of Travis, in the State of Texas, duly commissioned and qualified, this day personally appeared Henry William Goodwin and Clementina Georgiana Goodwin, his wife, both to me well known to be the individuals who executed the above instrument of writ- ing, bearing date the 6th day of June, 1857, and acknowledged the execution of the same ; and that they delivered the same as their binding act and deed, for the purposes and considerations therein mentioned and at length set forth ; and the said Clementina Georgiana Goodwin, wife of the said Henry William Goodwin, having been examined by me privately and apart from her said husband, and having the deed fully explained to her, she, the said Clementina Georgiana Good- win, acknowledged the same to be her act and deed, and declared that she had willingly signed, sealed and delivered the same, and that she wished not to retract COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS FOR TEXAS. 15 it. Given under mj- liand aud official seal, at the city of Austin, this 24th day of September, 1857. P. DE CORDOVA, Notary Ppblic, Travis County. To authenticate deeds out of the State, they must be acknowledged before some Commissioner appointed by the Governor of Texas to take acknowledgments for the State in which such acknowledgment is to be taken, and be attested by his seal as such Commissioner. If taken before a Commissioner it will need no further authentication. The acknowledgment may, however, be taken before the JUDGE _^^~not the CLERK"^^ of any court of record in the State where taken, and certified by him under the SEAL of the court, in which case the authority of the Judge to act as such must be certified by the Secretary and be attested by the seal of the State. COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS FOR TEXAS. LOUISIANA. James S. Gibbs Buffalo, Pierre Chas. CuvcUier New Orleans. Richard B. Kimball New York. D.J. Ricardo do KENTUCKY. John M. Landrum, Shreveport. James J. Dosier Louisville. Wm. M. Perkins New Orleans. Samuel Orborn do John P. Phillips do AVilliamB. Miirtin Bowling Green. Richard P. Harrison do NEW HAMPSHIRE. Witter H. Peters do Charles Wm. Woodman Dover. Richard Brenan do FLORIDA. Robert Burns Logansport. Geo. Cowper Gibbs Jacksonville. Andrew W. Flower Mansfield. MAINE. George Rareshide New Orleans. James L. Child Augusta. William L. Poole do Henry Willis Portland. William Christy do OHIO. NEW YORK. Edward R. Newhall Cincinnati. Edmund Terry New York City. Edgar M. .lohnson do P W. Ostrander do Beuj. F. Brown do Wm. C. Betts do VIRGINIA. Archibald F. Cushman do James K. Lee Richmond. Frederick G. Burnham do J. Louis Kinzer Alexandria. Montgomery Gibbs do IIenr3' G. Cannon Richmond. Edwin F. Cory do Rice W. Payne Warrenton. Sylvester Lay do Wm. A. Stephens Chaucellorsville. Joseph B. Nones do Alouzo Loving Wheeling. Redtbrd A. AV'atkinson do Francis V. Sutton Richmond. Charles McKinstry do GEORGIA. Louis N. Glover do Samuel Yates Levy Savannah. Joseph C. Lawrence do Wm. II. Manning TelfairCo. N. William Busteed do Nathan L. Hutchins Lawrenceville. James W.IL.11 do WISCONSIN. John Hopper do John C. Starkweather Milwaukie. A. D. W. Baldwin do SOUTH CAROLINA. James Leconcy do Samuel J. Hall Charleston. Jeremiah E. Cury do Clayton L. Clarke.. ..Limestone Springs. Henry C. Banks do James U. Taylor Charleston. James Ward Smyth do 16 LIMITATION OF SUITS FOR REAL ESTATE. MISSISSIPPL MASSACHUSETTS. J. R. Strother Vicksburg. Charles B. F. Adams Boston. Robert B. Mages Yazoo City. George T. Angell do. Daniel Williams Columbus. MARYLAND. Charles A. Brougher Ripley. E. R. Sprague Baltimore. Lazarus Liudsey Vicksburg. ALABAMA. Wm. H.Brown Jackson. James V. A.Hinds Huntsville. PENNSYLVANIA. ILLINOIS. Arthur M. Burton Philadelphia. William C. Starkey Waterloo. Charles R.Hawes do Lamberton C. Hall Chicago. E. MorrisonWoodward do MISSOURL James Todd do Wm. J. Freeland Paris, Monroe Co. Joshua G. Brinckle do NORTH CAROLINA. HughW. Teuer do Benjamin F. Simmons Halifax, Henry McCrea do Ouenton Bnsbee Raleigh. Leonard Myers do Kosciusko Morgan. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. TENNESSEE. Charles C. Tucker Washington City. John B. Steele.. .Shelbyville, Bedford Co. Nicholas CoUan do Alexander AV. Campbell Jackson. Wm. Probj'n Williams do Thomas Boyers Gallatin. Thomas B. King do Jonathan S. Dawson Paris. Anthony Hyde Georgetown. Hume F. Hill Memphis. CALIFORNIA. VERMONT. Joseph Grant San Francisco. R. W. Clarke Brattleboro. Andrew Williams do CONNECTICUT. Louis Warrington Sloat do Edward Goodman Hartford. Joseph A. Nunes do INDIANA. Richard H. Stanley Sacramento City. Salmon A. Buell Indianapolis. NEW JERSEY. ARKANSAS. James M. Cassady Camden. John Carnall Fort Smith. Moses R. King Newark. Jf-®#€^ LIMITATION OF SUITS FOR REAL ESTATE. By the statute laws of Texas, "every suit, to be instituted to recover real estate, as against him, her or them in possession under title, or color of title, shall be in- stituted within three years next after the cause of action shall have occurred, and not afterwards. By the term title, as used in this section, is meant a regular chain of transfer from or under the sovereignty of the soil ; and color of title is constituted by a consecutive chain of such transfer down to him, her or them in possession without being regular; as if one or more of the memorials or muni- ments be not registered, or not duly registered, or be only in writing, or such like defect as may not extend to or include the want of intrinsic fairness and honesty ; or when the party in possession shall hold the same by a certificate of headright, land warrant or land script, with a chain of tranfer down to him, her or them in possession." Hartley's Digest, Art. 2891. " He, she or they who shall have had five years' like peaceable possession of real estate, cultivating, using or enjoying the same and paying tax thereon, if any, and claiming under a deed, or deeds, duly registered, shall be held to have full title, precluding all claims, but shall not bar the government." Hartley's Digest, Art. 2392. ■ TEXAS LAND MEASURE. 17 " Ten years of such peaceable possession and cultivation, use or enjoyment thereof, Tvithout any evidence of title, shall give to such naked possessor full propcrtj', pre- clusive of all other claims, in and to six hundred and forty acres of land, including his, her or their improvement." Hautley's Digest, Art. 2393. In each of the above sections, there is saved to the person or persons having the title and cause of action the duration of disability to one from non-age, covortu or insanity. — -*i-M'W$^ i^- — TEXAS LAND MEASURE. In all first class Headright Patents issued by the Spanish, Mexican and Texian Governments, the quantity of acres is expressed in leagues, labors and varas. It is therefore necessary to make the following explanation. 1 vara is 33 J inches. 1 acre is 5646 square varas, which is equal to 4S40 square yards, or 58,080 square inches. 1 labor is 1,000,000 square varas, equal to 177 acres. i league is 8,333,333 square varas, equal to 1470 acres. 1 league is 25,000,000 square varas, equal to 4428 acres. 1 league and 1 Labor is 26,000,000 square varas, equal to 4605 acres. To find the quantity of acres in a given number of square varas, divide by 5646. In the above as well as the following table we entirely reject all fractions. TABLE showing the number of square varas and varas square contained in the following tracts of land, and the number of rails it will require to fence in a given quantity of land in a square. This calculation is based upon the fact that 22 rails 8 feet long will fence four and a third varas of land, which is equal to 4 running yards. This will make a good fence 8 rails high, staked and ridered. ^^~ A vara is 33 J inches. In the following table we omit fractions. Acres. Square Varas. ^'aras Square. No. of Rails. Acres. Square Varas. Varas Square. No. of Rails. I 6,646 75 1,540 100 564,600 752 15,290 5 28,230 168 3,390 110 621,000 789 16,060 10 56,460 237 4,820 120 677,520 823 16,764 20 112,920 336 6,842 130 733,980 856 17,380 30 169,380 411 8,382 140 790,440 888 18,106 40 225,840 477 9,680 150 846,900 920 18,744 60 282,300 630 10,824 160 90.3,360 950 19,360 60 338,760 682 11,836 170 959,820 979 19,998 70 396,220 628 12,804 180 1,015,280 1,007 20,526 80 451,680 672 13,684 200 1,129,200 1,053 21,63 90 508,140 720 14,620 210 1,185,660 1,085 22,176 18 INFORMATION FOR THE HEIRS OF SOLDIERS. Square Taras No. of Square Varas No of Acres. Varas. Square. Rails. Acres. Varas. Square. Rails. 220 1,242,120 1,114 22,688 800 4,516,800 2.106 43,260 230 1,298,460 1,131 23,210 880 4,968,480 2,228 45,376 240 1,355,040 1,164 23,760 960 5,420,160 2,328 47,520 250 1,411,500 1,180 24,200 1000 5,646,000 2,360 48,400 280 1,580,880 1,257 25,608 1120 6,323,620 2,514 51,216 320 1,806,720 1,344 27,368 1280 7,226,880 2,688 54,692 360 2,032,560 1,440 29,040 1476 8,333,333 2,888 58,806 400 2,258,400 1,614 30,580 1600 9,033,600 3,028 61,160 440 2,484,240 1,578 32,120 1720 9,926,960 3.156 64,200 480 2,710,080 1,646 33,328 1920 10,840,320 3,292 66,655 620 2,935,920 1,712 34,760 2240 12,647,040 3,552 72,524 660 3,161,760 1,776 36,212 2560 14,453,760 3.800 77,420 600 3,387,600 1,840 37,488 3200 16,067,200 4,212 86,520 640 3,613,440 1,900 38,720 4428 25,000,000 5,000 101,772 720 4,061,120 2,014 41,052 4605 26,000,000 5,099 103,862 Information for the heirs of those Soldiers who fell during- our Revolution. During the struggle of Texas for her independence, a large number of volun- teers came to Texas from almost every State in the Union to assist her in fighting her battles. Many of these gallant men fell under Travis, Ward, Fannin, &c. By the laws of Texas the heirs of these brave soldiers are entitled to the follow- ing land : IF SINGLE MEN, 1476 acres as a Headright, 1920 acres as a Bounty Warrant, 640 acres as a Donation Warrant : making a total of 4036 acres. IF MARRIED MEN, 4605 acres as a Headright, 1920 acres as a Bounty AVarrant, 640 acres as a Donation Warrant: making a total of 7165 acres. Many of the heirs have not claimed their dues. Parties whose sons, fathers or brothers fell fighting for Texas, by adckessing P. De Cordova, Texas Land and General Agent, stating all particulars in their power, will be placed in a situation to obtain their lands, which, from the immense immigration now pouring into Texas, will, in a few years, be sure to be a fortune. At the time of the passage of the various acts by the Congress of the late Repub- lic of Texas, granting donation, headright and bounty lands to soldiers in the Tex- ian War of Independence, the rights of heirship, and the distribution of the intes- tates' estates, were governed by the laws of Spain; but "all proceedings" in rela- tion to such estates were regulated by the laws of Louisiana. Under the Spanish law, relatives entitled to inherit are divided into three classes. INFORMATION FOR THE HEIRS OF SOLDIERS. 19 to wit, descendants, ascendants and collaterals, who are preferred in their order. 1. Descendants hold the first place, without regard to sex, — children first, and in their default grandchildren. Grandchildren of deceased parents inherit in right of their deceased father and mother, in connection with their uncles and aunts. 2. In default of descendants, ascendants inherit, — parents, grandparents, &c. 3. If there be neither descendants nor ascendants, collaterals succeed in the fol- lowing order: — 1st, Brothers and sisters; 2d, Nephews and nieces, who also inherit, with their uncles and aunts, in right of deceased parents ; 3d, After which the estate goes to the nearest of kin, according to the degrees of the civil law, to the tenth degree ; and, in the absence of relations within that degree, the wife, if there be one, is entitled to the entire estate. The courts of Texas are inclined to treat the lands granted to deceased soldiers as community propert}', where the deceased left a widow, and in such case the widow is entitled to one-half of the land, not by inheritance, but as the survivor of her de- ceased husband. The Power of Attorney must be executed by the heirs claiming the estate. In filling the same the party will state in what right he claims, whether as a child, grandchild, parent, grandparent, brother or sister, nephew or niece, &c., &c., of the deceased soldier. The Power of Attorney must be acknowledged before some Commissioner ap- pointed by the Governor of Texas to take acknowledgments for the State in which such acknowledgment may be taken, and be attested by his seal as such Commis- sioner. Taken before a Commissioner it will need no further authentication. The acknowledgment may, however, be taken before the JUDGE j^-not the t'LERK "^^Sj. of any court of record in the State where taken, and certified by hira uuder the SEAL of the court, in which case the authority of the Judge to act as such must be certified by the Secretary and be attested by the seal of the State. Proof of the heirship of the party claiming, and his relationship to the deceased, must bo made bj' at least two credible witnesses, who will take and subscribe the oath the form of which accompanies the Power of Attorney. In all cases the actual residence of the party must be inserted. In all cases where others than descendants claim, the afiidavit must state that the applicant is the nearest living relative of the deceased. In all cases the applicant must prove that he is entitled to the estate claimed, under the rules of descent and distribution as above stated. If the claim is made by the widow for half the land as survivor of her husband, the affidavit must state that she is such widow and survivor, and that she was the wife of the deceased, to the knowledge of affiant, or was generally reputed as such. If record evidence of the marriage exists, an authenticated copj' should be obtained and forwarded. If the widow has again married, her present husband must join in the Power of Attorney. The proof may be taken before and certified by a Commissioner for this State without further authentication. It may also be taken before and certified by any 20 TO IMMIGKANTS. officer of the State where taken, who is authorized to administer oaths ; but the au- thority of such officer must be authenticated by the certificate and seal of the Secretary of State. TO IIYIMIGRANTS. As the large number of tracts of land situated in various parts of our fertile State that have been intrusted to us for sale preclude the use of the ordinary newspapers as a means of bringing them to the notice of intending purchasers, we have adopted the plan of issuing a Quarterly Register, in which will be enumerated the dififerent tracts under our control. The experience of our firm in land-locating is so well known as to have become almost national. Parties desirous of securing homes are invited to call at either of our offices, and all the information in our power will promptly be afforded them. Our senior partner has been for over ten years in the business, during which time he has probably travelled more through Texas than any other individual in the State. A great many of the tracts offered for sale are locations made by ourselves, after a thorough examination of the locality, and parties may rest assured that, while the lands are of good quality, embracing wood, water and other desiderata, the titles will be beyond dispute, and tlie terms such as to suit the circumstances of most individuals seeking new homes. Our local agents will be found gentlemen of information and integrity, who will promptly give every information in their power, not only of the tracts in- trusted to them for sale, but as regards the country generally. Texas possesses more advantages, and ofiers greater inducements to the indus- trious settler, than any other State in the Union. One fact may be stated, which, however wonderful it may appear, is susceptible of every proof: a cow CAN BE RAISED IN Texas AT LESS COST THAN A CHICKEN in any other place in the United States. Another fact may be stated, which is, that more children are born in Texas, in proportion to the population, than elsewhere, and more in proportion are raised to adolescence. The mortality among children is very light. The products of Texas are more varied than those of other States. In many por- tions may be seen, growing side by side, wheat, corn, cotton, rye, oats and tobacco, all yielding equally well. Experiments have been made within the last two j'ears, which prove that sea-is- land cotton can be grown profitably as high up as Gonzales, ou the Guadalupe River. Some attention has been paid to the culture of the grape, and the time is not far distant when Texas wine will be an article of export, and much sought after in the North. Our sugar-lands have no equal out of the tropics, cane having at least six weeks longer to mature than in Louisiana, and the cotton of Texas now commands a larger price than that of any other State in the Union. A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. 21 Manj' tracts of land that wc have for sale have fine ■watcr-privilcj^cs, and are in regions of country where mills and manufactures would be profitable. To Farmers and Mechanics that are industrious, we say, if you wish to better your condition, and live in a country where all who work are liberally rewarded, where lands that are now cheap will be worth fortunes in a few j'ears, if not for yourselves, for your children, come to Texas; come early; delay not. Taxation is light, the debt of the old Republic being provided for. Our School Fund is large: besides an appropriation by the last Legislature of two millions of 5 percent. United States bonds, the Constitution set apart 10 per cent, of the annual taxation for that purpose. It is confidently believed that, in less than five years, Te.xas will mature the best system of free education yet developed. Education ■will be in the reach of every child in the State. The medical profession being amply represented, there is no difficulty in having their attention when required ; but, to use their own language, Texas generally is distressingly healthy. H^#®<^^K»^- A Word of Advice to Persons Emigrating to Texas. AYe daily receive letters of inquiry from strangers wishing information prepa- ratory to their removal to Texas. The answering such letters in the manner we should wish absorbs much time and requires great labor. We have therefore de- termined to prepare an article for our book which will give our views fully on this all-important subject. In doing this, we shall confine ourselves strictly to facts. Let those who will paint Texas as an earthly paradise ; we have no idea of giving a false coloring to our State. It is not a paradise, but it is a country where the poor man can easily obtain land, and when he has it he can always turn it to good account in the support of his family. In this article we do not intend to give advice to men of wealth or those who have a large force at their command, and who therefore are satisfied with nothing short of becoming Sugar or Cottox Plaxtehs, for they will come fully prepared to carry out their own schemes. They will look out for improved places, and will consequently bend their steps to the thickly-settled portion of the country, and seek their plantations in the rich cotton-lands of Old Caney, the Brazos, Colorado Guadalupe or Lavaca Rivers. But it is our intention to address ourselves to the poor man and the man of moderate means, who wishes to become a Farmer and Stock-Raiser. The immigrants from the older States with a limited capital, upon their arrival in a new countrj', are often undecided in what manner they can invest their little means to make it remunerative in a short time. They are naturall}- anxious to be- come independent; and many of them rush headlong into extensive land-specula- tions, which sometimes prove disastrous, because they have not made judicious selections, have too soon locked up their capital, and are forced to realize perhaps at a moment when there are no land-buyers in the market. Anxiety of mind per- 22 A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. Bonal inconvenience, and perliaps ruin, are the results. Instead of this, it is clearly to their interest to settle down and become good substantial farmers. Before pro- ceeding further, we would seriously impress upon the minds of all, that although our State presents great attractions to those who immigrate with an intention to make a proper use of their energies, — although Texas is the finest State in the Union, and may be literally regarded as a "land flowing with milk and honey," — it is necessary to first milk the cows and gather the honey, before they can enjoy either the one or the other, for neither of them can be obtained without the aid of labor. Therefore, those who arrive here under an impression that they are to realize a fortune without working will soon find out that Texas is not the country that they supposed it to be. It is true that.we have within our limits millions of acres of as rich land as can be found in the world, — the Delta of the Nile not excepted, — which require but a small share of the labor that they usually bestow upon the half worn-out lands in the older States, to yield a rich return. Besides this, they will find a market at their own door for every article they can raise, at remunerative prices, and for which they can always depend upon receiving the cash on the delivery of the produce of their farms. So great is the fertility of our soil, that we can produce, year after year, upon the SAME LAND, the SAME CROPS, without the aid of any manure. But to this improvident mode of farming it is not necessary to resort, as the list of articles that can be profitably cultivated in our State is much larger and more varied than that of any of our sister States. In addition to the great staples of Sugar, Cot- ton and Tobacco, we raise the finest crops of Corn, Wheat, Oats, Rye, Peas, Beans and Pumpkins, together with the whole family of garden vegetables in perfec- tion J and the day is not far distant when we will be able to add to our already large list of varied productions. Indigo, Castor-Oil and Hemp, and — what will be of more importance as regards pecuniary value — Wine and Peach-Brandj^ of the very best qualities, as our hill-sides are admirably calculated for the cultivation of the Vine, and even now wine is made from the native grape which closely resembles the Catalonia wine, — which is extensively used in the manufacture of Port wine. The settlement of a few hundred vine-dressers in our mountainous districts would only be the forerunner of that class of population, for their success would be so great that thousands of their countrymen would flock to a region where they would be certain of realizing comparative wealth in a short time. All that this branch of business requires is, that it should be commenced by some one person of enterprise and means. It would not require any thing more than diligence and perseverance to place this branch of industry foremost in the ranks of Texian productions in point of value, to say nothing of the large quan- tities of Brandy, pure Brandy, that could be distilled out of the poorer class of wines. Those who emigrate from the New England States had better make choice of the sailing-vessels which leave Boston, New York and Philadelphia, (see Adver- tisement for the necessary information ;) but those who wish to emigrate from the A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. 23 Western or Southern States, as a. general thinj,', bad better come on by land, using their own wagons and teams. Our advice is, bring no iXFKniOR articdes of any kind. Your wagons, horses, mules, &c. ought to be of the very best quality ; and then if you have, on your arrival, more than you want, you can readily find a market for the surplus. Do not be deceived in supposing that you are coming to a country where there is an everlasting spring or summer : our winters are cold enough to require your warm clothing, blankets and comforters; and, while packing these, do not forget to put up carefully a small but choice librarj', — and above all your family Bible; for you will soon learn the advantage of your having paid particular at- tention to these instructions. Bring no notes of your own local Banks. I am aware that, at home, with you, they are fully equivalent to gold and silver, but here j^ou will find a diflfieulty in passing ofif at par Alabama, Carolina, Ohio, Georgia, or in fact any, bank-notes, except those of the City of New Orleans or New York. For small amounts, gold is the best for your purposes ; the next best is Certificates of Deposit of known solvent Banks of New York and New Orleans, in small sums, say from $50 to $500 each. The next best is checks of j'our local Banks, on the City Banks of New Orleans and New York, of the above amounts ; for your better security let them be always made payable to your own order. The most suitable points to which to direct your footsteps are the upper waters of the Brazos, Colorado, Guadalupe or Red River, where the country is rolling, the water pure, the lands rich, the atmosphere salubrious and invigorating, the hills affording a fine range for cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, with plenty of excellent buildiug-stone. This is no exaggerated or over-drawn picture of that region of country, but a truthful description of it, which will be borne out by every immi- grant that may hereafter visit that region of country. Select a body of land yourself, after thoroughly examining it, such as will suit your own views. Do not purchase too large a tract of land, for this is the rock that many emigrants split upon. For a man of small means, 160 acres will be quite enough, although where a man has the actual capital to invest, without crippling his farming-operations, he may purchase 320 or 640 acres ; but rarely is it advisable to take overl2S0 acres. Much of this land can be purchased at from $1.50 to $2.50 per acre, although choice tracts are held as high as from $5 to $8 per acre, according to their locality,- Ac. By paying one-third cash, a credit of from one to two years, and in some cases three years, can be obtained, by giving security on the land and paying the interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum. After you have selected a tract of land, let .your energies be directed to make your family comfortable by providing a proper shelter for them, for, if you do not, the females of your household will be the sufferers; sickness may follow, and thus calamity reach you upon the outset. This will prove but too true, unless men, on their first arrival in Texas, are considerate enough to shield the female portion of 24 A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. their family as much as may be in their power from the trials and privations that are always attendant on making a settlement in a new country, especially during the first year; for be it known that, notwithstanding the beautiful pictures that are sometimes drawn by speculators of the delights of a home in the Far West, •we know from experience that it is no light task to win a home from the wilderness in any country, even if it boasts of the finest quality of rich prairie-lands. You may rest assured that it is attended with a great deal of hard labor and fatigue, and in these cases no one suffers more than the female emigrant, especially if she has been tenderly brought up, for those who have been unaccustomed to labor in the home of their childhood will find it a hard matter to commence on their arrival in a new country. We hoive large quantities of land for sale in various parts of the State of Texas ; . part are our own, and the balance belongs to our constituents : this you will see by referring to the Advertisement. Yet we do not wish to induce any one to esiigrate to Texas without being made fully acquainted with both sides of the picture, for it is too customary to present only the bright side, which always leads to disappointment and vexation. To the hardy and industrious Farjier we say that Texas offers very great in- ducements, — inducements far superior to those presented by any other State in the Union. Thousands and tens of thousands of you may come on. There is plenty of room, and, with but a moderate share of industry, you must do well. The area of Texas is 175,594,560 acres of land. Within such an extensive region of country, which is greater than all the New England States combined, there will be found lands of every conceivable quality and description, and covei'ing so many degrees of latitude, that, were we to attempt to give a list of every arti- cle our State can produce, it would appear to those who have not thoroughly examined the vast resources of our country, to be a thing almost impossible that the productions of a single State should be so varied and important. We have heard of parties who have broken up our prairie-lands with two yoke of steers, — nay, a single team of horses ; and although this, to our knowledge, is a fact in some few spots, yet we say that those who assert this as a general rule are very much mistaken in their calculations, for as a general thing our lands require a team of at least four yoke of oxen, which, with a plough that will cut fourteen inches, will break up efficiently an acre and a half a day. This work ought to be done in the months of May, June, July and August if possible, so that the heavy coating of grass with which our prairies are covered may be . properly rotted in the spring. This land ought to remain in the condition in which the plough leaves it until the end of February or beginning of March, the season when we commence active farming-operations. Then this land ought to be cross-ploughed, and a heavy iron- toothed harrow passed over it both waj's; drill in your corn in rows five feet apart, — • not less, because the growth of our corn is far more luxuriant than it is in the North or Western States; plant deeply and cover well, — a very important point; A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. 25 give it two ploughings and one hoeing, and you can safely calculate on an im- mense yield. The next year, especially if you use the sub-soil plough, your yield will bo very much greater than the first. AVith only an ordinary share of cultivation, our lands will yield from 500 to 750 lbs. of clean cotton, the quality of which for heavy fabrics is far superior to any other cotton grown in the neighboring States, and if properly handled will com- mand an advance of from ^ to 1 cent per pound more in the European market. The yield of millet is very heavy : so productive has this cereal been found, that in many regions of the country it nearly supersedes the use of fodder. Rye, oats and barley, wherever they have been tried, do well. The sweet potato in point of yield and quality will successfully rival those of the Carolinas. The average increase of Black Cattle is about SO per cent, per annum. We hare no barren cows in Texas. Sheep do well in the upper portion of the State ,* and, from the immense increase of the hog, the rearing of them in such regions of tho country as tho Yegua and the Cross-Timbers may be regarded as a perfect gold-mine. Of pumpkins and squashes, their size and quality would make the hearts of even the thrifty housewives of New England rejoice. If you will only plant them, there is no danger but you will have an adequate supply for your Thanksgiving dinner. One very great advantage that our soil has over that of every other State is, that the more you cultivate it the more it yields ; it never tires. This is to be attri- buted to its becoming pulverized, and the increased depth to which it is broken, for be it known that the plough cannot be put in too deep : the deeper the better. As a farming and grazing country, we can safely say, that if it can bo equalled, it cannot be surpassed, by any portion of the known world. To tho professional man we say that neither Doctors nor Lawyers are wanted. We have already a sufficient stock in our market ; and, were it not that some of them have been wise enough to turn their attention to farming and stock- raising, a largo number would starve, for there is not business enough in oul country to support them. To Mechanics, who thoroughly understand their business, and arc of thoso trades that the wants of a new country require, we say come on ; you will do well. As regards Merchants and Clerks, there are openings left for those who aro ready and willing to devote their time and attention to business. But of this class our country cannot bear a large stock. To Teachers, both male and female, who are competent to teach what they profess, there are many openings. Texians are alive to the advantages of educa- tion, as is fully evidenced by her liberal appropriations of Public Lands for Com- mon Schools, Universities and Colleges. Texas, as yet, does not require many professors ; what she wants is a body of intelligent teachers who arc able and will- ing to impart the rudiments of a plain English education to the rising generation. Tolhow in what high estimation the advantages of education are held in oui State, by a wise provision, one-tenth of the gross revenue of the State is sacredly 2 26 A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. dedicated to that purpose, and there have been grants ah-eady made for educa- tional purposes of 1,964,043 acres, and as each new county is created it receives four leagues of land for that purpose, equal to 17,712 acres. To Politicians we say, remain where you are ; we have no room for you. To the industrious man we say that his removal to Texas will he a blessing. Our lands arc cheap, yielding abundantly for the labor bestowed. In the upper portion of our country the climate is delightful and healthy, the water wholesome, and every means at hand adapted to his purposes. There is, besides all this, no occasion to feed our stock-cattle through the winter, and even our work-oxen can provide themselves with food and keep in good condition on the prairies nine months in the year, without being fed with a single ear of corn ; and although there are many persons — I will not call them farmers — that brag they do not feed their oxen even during the remaining three months, yet such a course ought to be condemned as being improvident. With this fact every practical farmer will be soon acquainted, as they will readily find the difference when they are carrying on their spring work. Did our space permit, we might continue this article to a much greater length ; but before we conclude we must seriously advise those who own small patches of land, or are living on rented lands, to immediately prepare and remove to Texas, and at once supply themselves with comfortable homes, for we can supply hun- dreds of thousands with good, rich lands. Besides, should any thing turn up that they should wish to return to their native State after two or three years' residence in Texas, they wiU certainly be able to realize a handsome sum for their improvements. Although in the upper portion of Texas you can scarcely find any but a healthy location, yet we would impress the following remarks upon the minds of all who may emigrate to Texas. Seek a healthy place ABOVE ALL THINGS. If you settle in timber-land, get a dry spot and let the sun shine on you : don't cut down every shade-tree, though. Keep away from marshes and ponds where the water is stagnant. The clear streams are not so unwholesome; yet it is best not to-be too near them. Do not build on a high sjjot amidst low lands, thinking to be safe thus. Experience proves that in most localities throughout this country, elevated places thus sur- rounded are unhealthy, — especially if on the east side of the low land; the miasma seems to rise and hang around the hills. If you build a log house, peel the logs, hew them, and chink up snugly, raise the floor high from the ground, and thus secure warmth and dryness and avoid the dirt and dampness of unhewn logs. If a framed house, make a good cellar if possible, line with side-boards under your clap-boards, or fill in your walls with brick, — something, in short, to make your home more comfortable than the balloon houses in which so many roast in summer and freeze in winter. I have seen several gravel wall or concrete houses, built in octagon form, substantial and convenient, as well as cheap. Brick and stone can often be had. A WORD OF ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS TO TEXAS. 27 If you are on the prairie, plant locust-trees on the north and west of your dwelling, to grow fast and give you shado and protection from the winds; meanwhile let the orchard be growing in the same direction, to take the place of the locusts in a few years, and furnish their invaluable fruit. In breaking up new land, build on the west or southwest side of the farm. The most prevalent summer winds are from those directions, carrying the miasma from the decompo- sing vegetable matter in the soil newly turned up cast and north. Living on tho opposite side, you escape. For the same reason avoid the cast side of a marsh or creek : this should bo remembered. If settling on the prairie, keep away from the groves or islands of timber, where the trees are large, undergrowth heavy and ground low and damp. Many early settlers sufiered from living on the verge of such, tempted by the shade and shelter. It is healthier to go out on the open prairie and plant trees around you, where the pure fresh breeze invigorates. Groves on high ground, with trees less dense, are healthy and pleasant. Good water is of great importance. Of course, any man of common sense would seek a good spring or stream, if possible. In forests and openings these are more common than on the prairies. Clear, cold water can usually bo had, even on tho wide prairies, by digging for it. Those who are prudent enough to avoid drinking creek and branch water sometimes scoop out shallow wells a dozen feet deep or less, and drink the water draining through from the surface, full of vegetable impurities ; while there are others that content themselves with making a hole near some " slough" and using the poor water thus easily obtained. Of course they suffer from sickness. What else could be expected ? The proper way is to dig good deep wells and obtain good pure water for family use. Creek and branch waters answer well enough for stock, but not for the family. Avoid overtasking your strength, especially when exposed to tho hot sun. A few minutes often open the way for long wasting sickness. Avoid reckless exposure to cold wind, wet, or damp night air. Errors in diet are the cause of much sick- ness charged to the climate. Northern people, especially when first settling, eat fewer vegetables, less fruit and more meat than they do in the old States, and use far too much coffee. Let a good vegetable-garden be the first thing, stocked with a wholesome variety. Buy fruit, green or dried, until you can raise it. You will find our timbered lUnd well supplied with berries. These cost no more than many other articles of food, daily purchased without thought of their expense, — often less than that of meat. Use these as you have been accustomed to do ; more would fre- quently be a benefit. Beware of the excessive use of meat in summer; fat and salted meat and strong coffee clog and stimulate the system, aggravate the bilious tendencies of the climate, bring on fever and the terrible shaking ague. Fat bacon can bo better eaton in. a cold than warm climate: witness the Esquimaux delighting in whale-blubber and tallow. Our advice to the Northern emigrant would be, always have vegetables and fruit in plenty; when the heat of summer comes on, eat meat moderateh*, particularly fat bacon ; as winter draws near, use more if you wish. Better use water and milk for drinks; but, if you must have something 28 ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS— WORTH KNOWING. else, do be moderate about coffee and tea, especially rank, muddy coffee without sugar or milk to qualify it. If you must needs use coffee, see that it is well chared, and use a goodly quantity of milk in it, together with a little sugar. Observation and the experience of intelligent families fully convince us of the ' great importance of this matter; and we doubt not a decrease of meat-eating, more especially in hot weather, and a more liberal use of nutritious vegetables and fruit, would end a large proportion of sickness among the newly-arrived emigrants. Let every would-be emigrant aim to provide something for his family, at least through the hot season, besides the everlasting fat pork, greasy gravy, and muddy coffee. As for whiskey and kindred beverages, if any man uses them as a substitute for poor water, it is an excuse poorer than any "slough-water" we ever saw in a mud-hole. He must abide the terrible consequences, — worse here than in the North, if possible. In making these remarks we would observe that, though Texas is one of the healthiest States in the Union, it is necessary that we should act prudently, re- membering the old adage, that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cu re. Bear in mind that it is difficult in this State, especially in the country, to find fe- male help, and look forward and plan not to have too great a burden of housework for women to bear. Remember, this kind of work is ever doing, never done, and incapable of being put off, and that it is not safe to be overtaxed in a new climate «^^^##f^ WORTH KNOWING. Corn planted three feet apart each way gives oOJ hills to the rod, 4,840 to the acre, and 48,400 to a ten-acre field. Allowing 5J hUls to the rod for the worms and crows, it would leave 25 hills to the rod, 4,000 to the acre, and 40,000 to a ten- acre field. Planting four feet apart each way gives nearly 20 to the rod, 3,063J to the acre, and 30,635 to a ten-acre field. Whether the crows and worms would find as many hills four feet apart is not a matter for mathematical calculation ; but, supposing they should destroy 62^ hills to the acre, there would be left 19 hills to the rod, 3,000 to the acre, and 30,000 to a ten-acre field. P. DE CORDOVA, ]VOTARY PUBLIC FOR TRAVIS COUIVTY, Commissioner of the United States Court of Claims, Commissioner of Deeds for nearly every State in the Union. Swenson's Buildings, City of Austin, Texas. nEFERENCES. Hon. T. J. Rusk, P. H. Bell, E. M. Pease, Sam Houston, J. B. Shaw, J. H. Raymond. J. DE CORDOVA'S MAP OF THE STATE OF TEXAS. 29 J. DE CORDOVA'S MAP OF THE STATE OF TEXAS, A NEW AND CARETTLLY REVISED EDITION, WIIICII HAS JUST BEEN ISSUED BY J. H. COLTON & CO., No. 172 William Street, New York. In this edition will bo found imjiortant antl valuable corrections of that region of connti-y comprising; the upper waters of the Krazos and Ked Rivers, made during the months of April, Slay and June, 1S56, on an exploring trip preparatory to the locating of half a million acres of land for the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad. The exploration of this country was attended with an unusual expense. The proprietor has had the exclusive control of tho fiold-notes taken by liiui, and from which that portion of tho map has been carefully revised and corrected. The region of country thus explored commenced at the junction of Antelope Creek and the Brazos River, thence up tho Brazos River as far west as the Llano Estacado, thence to the mouth of the Big Wichita, through tho Beaver Creek country, thonco up Red River to Pease River, a southern tributary of Red River, which was discovered on this trip, and therefore named Pease River, in honor of the present Governor of the State. TESTIMONIALS. Washinoton City, August 12, 1S4S. Wp, the undersigned. Senators and Representatives from the State of Texas, do hereby certify that we have carefully examined .T. De Cordova's map of the State of Toxa.s, comjjiled by II. Creutzbaur from the recoids of tho General Land Office of Texas, and have no hesitation in Baying that no map could surpa!=s this in accuracy and fidelity. it has delineated upon it every county in the State, its towns, rivers, and streams; and we cordially recommend it to every person who desires correct geographical information of our State. To persons desirous of visiting Texas it will be invaluable. TnOS. .T. RUSK, DAVID S. KAUFMAN, SAM HOUSTON, T. PILSBURY. Thi> undersigned is much gratified in being empowered to certify to the correctness of this map. it being the only one extant that is truly correct. JOHN C. HAYES. I hereby certify- that this map has been compiled from the records of the General Land Office by Robert Creutzbaur, and that it is the most correct representation of tlie State which I have soen, or which has come within my knowledge. The meanders of the rivers are aJl cor- rectly represented, being made from actual surveys. THUS. WM. WARD. Austin, .Tuly 4, 1848. The undersigned, Commisioner of the General Land OfTico of the State of Texas, has no hesitancy in declaring it as his firm conviction that tliis map is a very correct representation of the State, representing all returns up to date, having been compiled with great care from tho records of the General Land Office by the draughtsman, Robert Creutzbaur. [Seal.] GEO. W. SMYTH. Executive Office of tite State of Texas. I certify that Thomas William Ward was Commissioner of tho General Land Office from tho 5th day of January. 1841. to the 20th day of March. 1S48: and al.so that George W. Smith is now and has been Commissioner as aforesaid since the 20111 day of March last. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the State, at Austin, the Vth dav of July, 1848. and of the Independence of Texas tho thirteenth year. [SealO By the Governor: GEO. T. WOOD. W. D. Miller, Secretary of State. 30 ON SALTING MEAT. LIST OF UNITED STATES SENATORS. Sam Houston, elected to office February 21, 1846. Thomas J. Kusk, February 21, 1846. Sam Houston, December 15, 1847. Thomas J. Rusk, August 26, 1850. Sam Houston, January 15, 1851. J. PiNCKNEY Henderson, December, 1857. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. FIRST DISTRICT. SECOND DISTRICT. David S. Kaufman, March 31, 1846. David S. Kaufman, November 2, 1846. David S. Kaufman, August 6, 1849. Richardson Scurry, August 4, 1851. George W. Smyth, August 1, 1853. Lemuel D. Evans, August 2, 1865. John H. Reagan, August 3, 1857. Timothy Pilsbury, March 31, 1846. Timothy Pilsbury, November 2, 1846. VoLNEY E. Howard, August 6, 184y. VoLNEY E. Howard, August 4, 1851. P. H. Bell, August 1, 1853. P. H. Bell, August 2, 1855. Guy M. Bryan, August 3, 1857. From necessity, much the larger portion of animal food consumed in Texas is salted meat; and as it is important that, under these circumstances, it should be properly prepared, and as so few persons understand the art, we give the following process, being fully satisfied that those who will take the trouble will be amply re- paid by the superior flavor and nutriment that meat salted on this plan possesses over that which is cured by the common manner. ON SALTING RIEAT. When we undertake the salting of meat, we perform as truly a chemical process as any chemist in his laboratory. It may be asked, " How does salting meat preserve it from decomposition?" In this manner: — Salting is an imperfectmethod of drying: and the preserving meat by salting is based upon the fact that dry meat is moist- ened very imperfectly and with great difficulty by salt water, although clear water moistens it readily. Salt, therefore, prevents the meat from putrefying, by withdrawing from it a large portion of the water — of which it contains 69 parts in every 100 — and some other soluble matters, which are active and necessary agents of decomposition. Water, having a greater tendency to unite with salt than meat, leaves the one and with the other forms a brine, as every person knows who has ever laid down meat with dry salt. In some cases sufficient water is extracted from the meat to cover the whole with a brine. The amount of water remaining in the moat is not sufficient to cause tainting. But the water is not the only ele- ment extracted from the meat. Other soluble ingredients of the juice are removed at the same time ; so that the brine really contains potash, phosphoric acid, lactic acid, creatin, and also a considerable quantity of albumen. It appears, then, that ON SALTING MEAT. 31 much of the nutritive value of meat is lost by saltinj;, the brine containing all the ingredients of a rich, nourishing soup. In fact, the brine is richer in nutritive matters than the liquor after boiling; or, in other words, salt extracts the nutritive properties of meat to a far greater extent than boiling. It is the practice vrith some to put the brine on scalding hot, and there is sound philosophy in the practice. Boiling water coagulates the albumen and renders it almost entirely insoluble. It is supposed that saltpetre and sugar have the same effect in preserving the nutritious properties of meat, though the peculiar mode of their action is not correctly known : the sugar, it is likely, however, becomes lactic aoid ; and the saltpetre is decomposed, the nitric acid uniting with some other base, thuspreventing its loss among the brine. It is well known that in salt containing lime and magnesia, the latter is precipitated bj' the phosphoric acid of the meat-juices upon the surface of the meat, giving it a slippery coating. It is a good practice to use the same brine year after year. It should be boiled and skimmed; and, being now full of the nourishing matters of the old meat, it is less likely to absorb these from the new, while the salt acts als effectively as ever. A pound of black pepper to every hundred pounds of meat assists to preserve the latter and adds much to the flavor. We can recommend this from our own experience for several years past. It should be sprinkled on as the layers are put in. In Jackson's " Reflections on the Commerce of the Mediterranean," there are some useful suggestions to be derived from the account of the mode of curing beef at Tunis, (coast of Africa.) He says, '"Wo killed upwards of forty bullocks in the hottest season, and by observing the following method never spoiled one ounce of meat. The animal should bo killed as quickly as possible. As soon as he is skinned and quartered, begin to cut up in six-pound pieces, — not larger, particu- larly the thick parts. " Take half a pound of black pepper, half a pound of red or cayenne popper, boil a pound of the best saltpetre, all ground fine; mix these three well together; then mix them with about three quarts of very fine salt. This mixture is suSicient for eight hundredweight of beef. ''As the pieces are brought from the person cutting up, first sprinkle them with the spice-mixture and introduce a little into all the thickest parts; if it cannot bo done otherwise, make a small incision with a knife. The first Salter, after rubbing salt and spice (the mixture) well into the meat, should take and mould the piece, in the same way as washing a shirt upon a board; this may be very easily dune, as the meat being lately killed is soft and pliable : this moulding opens the grain of the meat, which makes it imbibe the spice and salt much quicker than by the common method of salting. The first Salter hands his pieces over to the second Salter, who moulds and rubs the salt well into the meat, and, if ho observes occasion, introduces the spice. When the second Salter has finished his piece, he folds it up as closely as possible and hands it to the packer at the tubs, who must be stationed near him. The packer must be careful to pack his tubs as close as possible. "All the work must be carried on in the shade, where there is a strong current 32 IMPORTANCE OF A SINGLE VOTE. of air, this being a very material point in curing meat in a hot climate. Meat may be cured in this manner with the greatest safety when the thermometer in the shade is at 110 degrees, the extreme heat assisting the curing. A good-sized bullock of six or seven hundredweight may be killed and salted within the hour. "The person who attends with spice near the first Salter has the greatest trust imposed on him : besides the spice, he should be well satisfied that each piece is sufficiently salted. All the salt should be very fine, and the packer, besides sprink- ling the bottom of his tubs, should be careful to put plenty of salt between each tier of meat, which is very soon turned into the finest pickle. The pickle will cover the meat almost as fast as the packer can stow it away. " By this method there is no doubt the meat is perfectly cured in three hours from the time of killing the bullock ; the saltpetre in a very little time strikes through the meat ; however, it is better to let it lie in the tubs till the following morning, when it will have an exceedingly pleasant smell on opening the tubs; then take it out and pack it in tight barrels with its own pickle. " Provisions cured in this manner will keep during the longest voyages, are more wholesome and palatable than any other, and a sure preventive of scurvy, partly owing to the spices that are made use of in curing; and a careful cook may make good soup from this meat, as the salt is very easily extracted; the same operation which served to impregnate the meat with salt — moulding — will also serve to extract it." IMPORTANCE OF A SINGLE VOTE. Each of our friends, before thinking of emigrating to Texas or any other State, ought to take the vote of his wife. The importance of her vote will be felt hereafter; for remember that a great deal depends on the wife to insure success in a new country. It is she that creates the new home in a strange country; therefore, before you remove, be sure to secvxre her vote. Remember that the destinies of nations have depended upon a single vote. If the question was asked. What caused the Mexican war? the answer would be. The annexation of Texas. What gave us California, Utah and New Mexico ? AVhat placed Zachary Taylor in the Presi- dential Chair? And last, although not least. What may save our glorious Union ? The same answer to each of these inquiries must be given : — The annexation of Texas. But how was this annexation of Texas consummated? By ONE VOTE in the United States Senate; and that was cast by Mr. Hannegan of Indiana! How ■was Mr. Hannegan elected as Senator? By the vote of Mr. Madison Marsh, of Stanton county, Indiana ! What majority had Mr. Marsh, by which he was sent so fortunately to the Legislature? ONE VOTE, — which was the whole majority he received. As such is the case, and such important results have sprung from that ONE vote, be sure you obtain that vote from youe wife ; for perhaps, so far as you are concerned, equal results may spring therefrom. MARITAL RIGHTS. - 33 Every person who is about emigrating to Texas ought to "read carefully the following, and reflect upon their bearing, as we deem the proper understanding of those several enactments of immense importance to the advancement of Texian interests. MARITAL RIGHTS. The following law passed at the adjourned session of the Legislature of Texas is of such general importance that wc have determined to copy the entire law. CHAPTER CXIIL An act supplemextary to the act of March 13th, 1848, entitled " an act better defining the marital rights of parties." Sec. 1. Be it enacted, by the Legislature of the State of Texas, that the com- munity property of the husband and wife shall be liable for all their debts con- tracted during marriage, except in such cases as are specially excepted by law ; and in the settlement of community estates it shall be the duty of the survivor, executor or administrator to keep a separate and distinct account of all the com- munity debts allowed or paid in the settlement of such estates. Sec. 2. That it shall not be necessary i'or any surviving husband to administer upon the community property of himself and his deceased wife; but he shall have the exclusive man.agemcnt, control and disposition of the same after her death, in the same manner as during her life, subject to the provisions of this act. Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the surviving husband at the death of his wife, if she have a surviving child or children, to file in the county court a full, fair and complete inventory and appraisement of all the community property of himself and his deceased wife, to bo taken and recorded as in cases of adminis- tration, and to have the same force and effect in all suits between parties claiming under it. After which, without any administration or further action whatever in the probate court, he shall have the right to manage, control and dispose of said commurtity property, both real and personal, in such manner as to him may seem best for the interest of said estate, and of suing and being sued with regard to the same, in the same manner as during the life of tho wife. And he shall keep a fair and full account and statement of all exchanges, sales and other disposition of community property, and upon final partition shall account to the legal heirs of his wife for their interest in said community, and tho increase and profits in tho same, after deducting a reasonable commission for the management of the same. And he shall bo liable to tho amount of said inventory and appraisement at all times for the interest of said heirs in said community property. Sec. 4. That should said surviving husband neglect, fail or refuse to file said inventory in tho county court, as required by tho provisions of this act, within sixty days after the death of his deceased wife, the county court, upon complaint made and satisfactory proof thereof by any one having an interest in said estate either in person or by next friend, may, upon its own motion or tho motion of any party interested, require him to do so, or otherwise grant administration upon said estate, as in other cases provided by statute. 2* 34 MARITAL RIGHTS. And if upon tlie filing of said inventory it shall appear to the conrt that it is in any way necessary for the protection of the property belonging to said estate, bond and security may be required of said surviving husband in such amount and with such conditions as may be deemed necessary by the court for the protection of the interests of the creditors and heirs of said estate, and, upon failure to exe- cute said bond with security as required by said court, administration may bo granted upon said estate as in other cases. Sec. 5. That should any of the heirs of the deceased wife, either in person or by next friend or guardian, represent and show to any court of competent juris- diction that said surviving husband is wasting or mismanaging or is about to waste or mismanage said community property, or is about to remove it out of the State or otherwise dispose of it in such manner as to injure or defraud the right of such heir or heirs, the husband may be required to enter into such bond and security for the proper management of such property, and with such other condi- tions, as may be required by the court ; or the court may appoint an administrator over the estate of the wife, as in other cases provided by statute. Sec. 6. That said surviving husband may, as each of the surviving heirs of his deceased wife, or all of them, become of lawful age, set aside and deliver him or them what he considers their equal and equitable share in said community pro- perty, exhibiting therewith a full and complete statement of the same; for which he may require the receipt of such heir, stating the amount, description and value of the property delivered; which said partition and distribution shall be binding and final upon said heir or heirs, unless proceeding is commenced in some compe- tent court within two years after said distribution, by such heir, to set the same aside. In which case, any party interested may require a full and fair investigation into the whole of said estate and said partition ; and the court entertaining juris- diction of the same shall have full discretion to enter all decrees and orders to obtain and carry out a full and fair settlement and partition of said estate with such heir or heirs as may then be entitled to receive their distributive share. Sec. 7. That the surviving wife may retain the exclusive management and control of the community property of herself and her deceased husband, in the same manner, and subject to the same rights, rules and regulations, as provided in the foregoing provisions of this act, until she may marry again. But upon a second marriage she shall cease to have such control and management of said estate, or the right to dispose of the same under the provisions of this act, and said estate shall be subject to administration, as in other cases of deceased persons estates. Sec. 8. That the husband or wife may by last will and testament give to the surviving husband or wife the power to keep his or her separate property together until each of the several heirs shall become of lawful age, and to manage and control the same, under the provisions of this act and such other restrictions as may be imposed by will. Provided the surviving husband or wife is the father or mother, as the case may be, of the minor heirs; and provided, further, that any CUTTING AND DESTROYING TIMBER. 35 child or heir cutitled to any part of said property sliall, at any time upon be- coming of age, be entitled to receive his distributive portion wf said estate. Siic. 9. That this act take elTect and be in force from and after its passage, and that the provisions of all laws, in so far as they conflict with the provisions of this act, be, and the same are thus far, repealed. Approved, August 26th, 1856. • ' t l »S» S 1 ' • RATES OF INTEREST, AND THE USURY LAWS. AVhere there is no spceilic agreement, the rate of interest in Texas is eight per cent.; but by special contract twelve per cent, is legal. On sales of land on time, the rate stipulated is generally ten per cent. On usurious contracts the whole interest is forfeited. LIQUOR LICENSE LAW AND GAMING. Applicants must give bond with two securities in the sum of one thousand dol- lars, conditioned that the applicant shall keep an orderly house, will not sell to minors under sixteen years old, i)or to students, or negroes without permission from the party having control of such nogroes, and that he will not permit any games to be played at his house or place. The license is fi.xed at the rate of $250 per year; and no license can be granted for a less period than four months. Debts contracted in violation of this law cannot bo legally enforced. Beer brewed in Texas is the only article exempted. The following extracts from the Penal Code adopted at the adjourned session of the Legislature in 1856 arc well worthy the attention of all parties, as they plainly show that the day has passed in Texas when men can with impunity burn our prairies or cut our timber, which has heretofore been too much the custom. BURNING PRAIRIE OR WOODLAND. If any person shall wilfully burn or cause to be burned any woodland or prairie, not his own, at any time between the 1st of July and the 15th of February succeeding, he shall be fined not less than fifty dollars, nor more than three hundred dollars. The offence named in the foregoing article is complete where the person offending sets fire to his own woodland or prairie and the fire communicates to the woodland or prairie of another. OF CUTTING AND DESTROYING TIMBER. If any person, without the consent of the owner, shall knowingly cut down or destroy any tree or timber upon any land not his own, or shall knowingly, and irithout such consent, carry away any such timber, ho shall be punished by fine not oicecding three times the value of tho timber so unlawfully cut down, de- 36 DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEBT OF TEXAS, stroyecl or carried away. If the offence spoken of in the preceding article be prosecuted in the district court, it shall not be necessary for the indictment, or information, to state the name of the owner of such timber; but it shall be suffi- cient to charge that the timber was not the property of the person so offending. Each day's cutting, destruction or carrying away of timber, in violation of the provisions of this act, shall be regarded as a separate offence. An offence under the provisions of this chapter may be prosecuted before a justice of the peace when three times the amount of the damages done in the un- lawful act does not exceed one hundred dollars. The district court shall have exclusive jurisdiction of the offence defined in this chapter when the fine exceeds one hundred dollars, and shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the justices' courts when the fine does not exceed that amount. Nothing in this chapter con- tained shall render any person guilty of an offence who cuts or uses timber for the purpose of making or repairing any public road or bridge passing over or immediately adjacent to the land on which such tree or timber may be found, or who uses a reasonable amount of wood standing outside of an enclosure for the purpose of making fires while travelling on the road. Nothing contained in this chapter shall exempt a person from the penalty affixed to the offence of theft, whenever timber is taken in such manner as to come within the definition of that offence. — ^*-S-^#®15,000 in the short space of eight and a half nijntlis, to pay for articles that we ourselves can produce as well as any other country in the world; for it is a well-established fact, that the whole tier of counties extending for scventy-iive miles south of Red River could supply all the wheat, Washington county all the hay, corn and oats, and the Cross-Timbers all the bacon, lard and pork, besides a vast quantity for exportation. The only obstacle in the way of increasing our exports from Galveston twenty- fold, and preventing this drain of money to pay for those articles we ought to produce, is the want of railroads. This obstacle in the course of time, it is to be hopsd, will be removed, although heretofore the progress has been slow ; but the present prospects for railway-communication are brighter than they have ever been, for the more travel there is through Texas, and the more reliable information that can be obtained, the faster will these works progress, since capitalists will then become satisfied that no State in the Union offers stronger inducements than Texas for the safe and profitable investment of capital in railroad-enterprise. There might be some exceptions taken as regards the valuation of the different articles. We are aware that they arc rather below than above the actual stand- ard of prices; but, should we err in our calculations, we prefer to be on the right side. — '^i-M'M'S.C i «•- — WATER-POWER IH TEXAS. The immense value of the water-privileges afforded by the St. Mark's, the Comal, Hamilton's Creek and the Great Falls of the Colorado aro not generally appreciated. The above-mentioned four localities present advantages seldom to be found so inti- mately combined. Here, with inexhaustible water-power to drive anj' quantity of machinery, we have the lands to produce all the cotton they require, without the trouble or expense of baling, shipping, compressing, and without the charges attendant on shipment, such as freight, insurance, handling, wharftige, and the endless etceteras to be found in bills of charges furnished by New York mer- chants to our planters, — as the cotton couM be sent direct from the fields to the gin and factory. Besides this, innumerable flocks of sheep could be raised in the imme- diate vicinity of these points. While we could supply the factories with the raw materials, we could at the same time produce the bread and meat in the immediate vicinity to support the operatives; and, what is quite as essential, we have a home market to absorb all the productions of a reasonable number of mills. Let those who arc about investing their means in manufactories iu the Northern States turn their attention to Texas, and examine for themselves the superior advantages we can offer, and we are satisfied that they will give the above-named points the decided preference. 70 LIST OF COUNTIES OF TEXAS. LIST OF COUNTIES OF TEXAS. 1 FROM WHAT COUNTIES COUNTY. COUNTY SEAT. WHEN CREATED. ^ CREATED. 5 Anderson, Palestine, March 24, 1846, 9 Houston. Angelina, Marion, April 22, 1846, 5 Nacogdoches. Atascosa, Atascosa, Jan. 25, 1856, 18 Bexar. Austin, Belleville, Dec. 20, 1836, 1 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. Bandera, Bandera, Jan. 26, 1856, 18 Bexar and Uvalde. Bastrop, Bastrop, Dec. 20, 1836, 2 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the name of Mina prior thereto. Bell, Belton, Jan. 22, 1850, 3 Milam. Bexar, San Antonio, Dec. 20, 1836, 4 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. Bosque, Meridian, Feb. 4, 1854, 3 McLennan. Bowie, Boston, Dec. 17, 1840, 8 Red River. Brazoria, Brazoria, Dec. 20, 1836, 1 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. Brazos, Boonville, Jan. 30, 1841, 13 Washington and Robertson, name changed from Navaso- to, 28th January, 1842. Brown, Au!?. 27, 1856, 17 Burleson, Caldwell, March 24,1846, 3 Milam. Burnet, ILimilton, Feb. 5, 1852, 17 Travis, Williamson and Bell. Caldwell, Lock hart. March 6, 1848, 2 Gonzales and Bastrop. Calhoun, Indianola, April 4, 1846, 10 Victoria and Jackson. Cameron, Brownsville, Feb. 12, 1848, 12 Nueces. Cass, Linden, April 25, 1846, 8 Harrison. Cherokee, Rusk. April 11, 1846, 9 Nacogdoches. Collin, Mc Kinney, April 3, 1846, 16 Fannin. Colorado, Columbus, Dec. 20, 1836, 1 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. Comal, New Braunfels, March 24, 1846, 4 Bexar and Travis. Comanche, Jan. 25, 1856, Coryell and Bosque. Cooke, Gainesville, March 20, 1848, 16 Fa)inin. Coryell, Gatesville, Feb. 4. 1854, 3 Bell. Diillas, Dallas, March 30. 1846, 16 Robertson and Nacogdoches. Denton, Alton, April 11, 1846, 16 Fannin. De Witt, Clinton, March 24, 1846, 10 Gonzales, Victoria and Goliad. Ellis, Waxahachie, Dec. 20, 1849, 16 Navarro. LIST OF COUNTIES OF TEXAS. 71 |San Elizniio, SteplicnsviUo, Mailiu, Boiiham, La Grange, Richmond, ; Fairfield, Galveston, Frederickburg, Goliad, Gonzales, j Sherman, Anderson, Segiiin, Houston, Marshall, San JMarcos, i Athens, 1 Edinburgh, Hillsborough, Tarrant, Crockett, Greenville, Mezquiteville, Texana, I Jasper, i Beaumont, Wardville, Helena, Kaufman, Kerrsville, Brackett, Paris, Lampases, Halletsville, Centreville, Libertj', Springfield, Llano, Jafi. 3, 1850, Jan. 25, 1850, Jan. 28, 1850, Dec. 14, 1837, Dec. 14, 1837, Dec. 29, 18.37, Sept 6. 1850, May 1 5, 1838, Feb. 23, 1848, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 20, 1836, 10 March 17,1846,16 April 6, 1846, 7 March 30,1846, 2 Dec. 20, 1836, 7 .Tan. 28, 1839, 6 March 1, 1848, 2 April 27, 1846, 9 March 25, 1846,12 Feb. 7, 1853, 13 March 25, 1846, 8 June 12, 1837, Apri! 11, 1846, Aug. 27, 1856, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 20, 1836, Feb. 4, 1854, Feb. 4, 1854, Feb. 26, 1848, Feb. 20, 1856, Jan. 28, 1850, Dec. 17. 1840, Feb. 1, 1850, April 6, 1846, March 17, 1846,'l3 Dec. 20, 1836, 15 April 11, 1846, 13 Feb. 2, 1856, ,14 Feb. 1, 1856, ,17 Aug. 27, 1856, 17 Bexar. Bosque and Coryell. Milam and Limestone. Nacogdoches. Colorado and Bastrop. Austin. Limestone. Brazoria and Liberty. Bexar. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto, do. do. Fannin. Montgomery. Gonzales and Bexar. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of Harrisburg prior thereto, name changed to Harris, Dec. 28, 1839. Shelby. Travis. Houston and Nacogdoches. Cameron. Navarro and Ellis. Lamar and Nacogdoches. Nacogdoches. Fannin and Nacogdoches. Cooke. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same I name i)rior thereto. do. do. do. do. Navarro and Milam. .Bexar, De Witt, Goliad and I San Patricio. Henderson. Bexar. Bexar. Red River. Travis and Coryell. Gonzales, Victoria, Jackson, Fayette and Colorado. Robertson. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. Robertson and Navarro. San Patricio and Nueces. Gillespie and Bexar. Bexar. 72 McLennan, Madison, Matagorda, Maverick, Medina, Milam, Montgomery, Nacoedoches, Navarro, Newton, Kiieces, Orange, Palo Pinto, Panola, Parker, Polk, Presidio, Red River, Refugio, Robertson, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Patricio, San Saba, Shelby, Smith, Starr, Tarrant, Titus, Travis, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur, Uvalde, Van Zandt, LIST OF COUNTIES OF TEXAS. Waco, Madisonvillc, Matagorda, Eagle Pass, Castroville, Cameron, Montgomery, Nacogdoches, Corsicana, Newton, Corpus Christi, Madison, (iolconda, Carthage, Weatherford, Livingston, Fort Leaton, C larks ville, Refugio, Wheeloek, Henderson, Milam, San Augustine, San Patricio, San Saba, Shelbj'ville, Tyler, Rio Grande City Birdville, Mount Pleasant Austin, Sumter, Woodville, (lilmer, Uvalde, Couton, Feb. 22, 1S50, Jan. 27, 1853, Dec. 20, 1836, Feb. 2, 185C, Feb. 12, 1848, Doc. 20, 1836, Dec. 14, 1837, Dee. 20, 1836, April 25, 1846, April 22, 1846, Airil 18, 1846, Feb. 6, 1852, Aug. 27, 1856, March 30. 1846 Dee. 12, 1855, March 30, 1846, Jan. 3, 1850, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 14, 1837, Jan. 16, 1843, Dec. 20, 183G, Dec. 20, 1836, Dec. 20, 1836, Feb. 1, 1856, Dec. 20, 1836, April 11, 1846, Feb. 11, 1848, Dec. 20, 1849, May 11, 1846, Jan. 26, 1840, Feb. 11, 1850, April 3, 1846, April 27, 1846, Dec. 8, 1850, March 20, 1848, 3j Milam, Limestone and Na- varro. 13 Grimes, Walker and Leon, li Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. 18 Kinney. 18 Bexar.' 3 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the name of Viesca prior thereto. AVashington. 15 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, .and municipality of the same name prior thereto. 13 Robertson. 5 Jasper. 14; San Patricio. 15 Jefferson. Harrison and Rusk. Denton and Bosque. Liberty. Buxar. Original count}' at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto, do. do. Milam. Nacogdoches. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto, do. do. do. do. Bexar. Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the name of Teneha prior thereto. Nacogdoches. Nueces. Navarro. Bed River. Bastrop. Houston. Liberty. Harrison and Nacogdoches. Bexar. Henderson and Kaufman. TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. 73 Victoria, Victoria, Dee. 20, 183G, 10 riginal county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the same name prior thereto. M^alkcr, Huntsvillc, April 6,1846, 7 Montgomery. Washington, Brenham, Dec. 20, 1836, 3 Original county at the organi- zation of the Republic, and municipality of the samo name prior thereto. Webb, Laredo, Jan. 28, 1848, 12 Bexar. Wise, Taylorsville, Jan. 23, 1856, 16 Denton and Cooke. Wha«-ton, Wharton, April 3, 1846, 1 Matagorda, Colorado and Jackson. Williamson, Georgetown, March 13, 1848, 17 Milam. Wood, Quitman, Feb. 5, lS.i0, 6 Van Zandt. Young, Bclknai), Feb. 2, 1S56, 16 Denton and Cooke. NUMBER OF COUNTIES CREATED EACH YEAR. I8;i6 23 1841 1 1852 2 1837 6 1S43 1 1853 2 1838 I 1846 32 1854 4 1839 1 1848 11 1855 1 1840 3 1849 2 1856 16 ]S,-,0 10 Total, 116 Counties. DALLAS Look on this picture of 1855. Value of Negroes $260,000 do. llor^-cs 149,580 do. Cattle 120,900 Total value of property, 1,777,036 COUNTY. And on this of 1856. Viilue of Negroes $322,000 do. Horses 322,000 do. Cattle 184,985 Total value of property 2,125,165 In 1854 the total value of all property was $1,125,709. We are indebted to the assessor and collector of Dallas county for the abovo information as regards 1856. This shows well for a county far in the interior, without railroad or canal facilities,-^nearly double in two years. Beat this who can. — "^fr 3 f f -^e^-- — TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. Streams Emptying' into the Gulf of Mexico and her Bays, of the State, at the mouth of the Sabino the mouth of the Rio Grande River. Commencing at the stmthcast corner River, and continuing along the coast to Sabine River, Neches River, Taylor's Bayou, East Bayou, Oyster Bayou, Double Baj'ou, Turtle Bayou, Trinity River, Cedar Bayou, Goose Creek, San Jacinto River, Clear Creek, Dickinson's Bayou, Deer Creek, Moses' Bayou, Colorado River, Highland Bayou, Hall's Bayou, Mustang Bayou, Chocolate Bayou, Bastrop Bayou, Oyster Creek, Brazos River, San Bernard River, Cedar Lake Bayou, Caney Baj'ou, Live Oak Creeks, Cause Bayou, Prairie Creek, Wilson's Creek, Trespalacios, Post Oak Creek, Turtle Bayou, Cai'anchua River, Lavaca River, Benedita Creek, Garcitas Creek, Simms' B.ayou, Big Chocolate, Guadalupe River, Twin Creek, AVillow Creek, Saline Creek, 4 Cavasso Creek, Copano Creek, Melon Creek, Mission River, Warunto Creek, Aransas Creek, Chiltipin Creek, Nueces River, Oso Creek, Laureles Creek, San Fernando, Olmos River, Sal Colorado, Rio Grande. 74 TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. TRIBUTARIES OF THE RIO GRANDE. Arroyo del Saus, Cuerrs Creek, Zoquette Creek, Stampede Creek, San Ambrosio, Cuevas Creek, Maverick's Creek, Devil's River. San Pedro, Elm Creek, Pedro's Creek, Torza Creek, Las Moras Creek, Sau Felipe Creek, Pintos, TRIBUTARIES OF THE CUTTO DE LOS LAURELES. Chiltipin, Agua Dulce. TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN FERNANDO. Escondido, Armagosa, Panitas Creek, La Garta Creek, Carvase Creek, Spring Creek, La Parra, Ataseoso Creek, La Gunza, San Margil, Gaspar Flores, San Gertrudes, Trinidad, Taraneahuas, San Diego, Resaca. TRIBUTARIES OF THE NUECES RIVER. Forked Lake, Las Muellas, Pecan Creek, St. Mary Creek, Live Oak, Montel's Creek. Mustang, Elm Creek, Espantosa, Turkey Creek, Puenta de la Piedra, Rio Frio, Indian Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE RIO FRIO Francisco Perez, Deer Creek. Kendall's Creek, Chacon, Cazada de Reux, Hondo River, Sabinal River, Ranchero's Creek, Comanche Creek, Leona River, Cavasso Creek. San Christoval Chicanatillo, Lipan, Quihi, Tahuacano, Chiltipin, Paesta, Melon Creek, Saus Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF THE ATASCOSO CREEK. Tordillo, Bouito, Lucas, La Paritta, Salinas, Turkey. TRIBUTARIES OF THE HONDO RIVER. Live Oak Slough, Parker's Creek, Saco, Burnet's Creek TRIBUTARIES OF THE ARENOSO RIVER. Papelote, La Yesta, La Bata. TRIBUTARIES OF THE MISSION RIVER. Medio or Middle Cr. Mocorera Creek, Miller's Creek, Sarco Creek, Blanco Creek, Richland Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE GUADALUPE RIVER. San Antonio River, Elm Bayou, Perdido Creek, Lake Creek, Turkey Creek, Jane Creek, Coleto, Cottonwood, Five-Mile Creek, Sandy Creek, Tulcher's Creek, Denton Creek, Cox's Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Comal Creek, Bear Creek, Tom Creek, Spring Creek, Sabiuas, Wasp Creek, Violet Creek, Joshua's Creek, Verde Creek, Turtle Creek, Green Lake, Price's Creek, Irish Creek, Cuero Creek, Queen's Creek, Peach Creek, San Marcos, Nash's Creek, Mill Creek, San Geronimo, Isaac's Creek, Jacob's Creek, Anna's Creek, Rebecca's Creek, Simmond's Creek, Curry Creek, Sister's Creek, Sabina's Creek, Cypress Creek, Miner's Creek. TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. 75 TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN ANTONIO RIVER. ITord's Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Eagle Creek, Snn Pedro Springs, Piilm Creek, Manahuila Creek, Chupaderas, Olmus Creek. Hondo Creek, Carvasso Creek, Calaveras, Eseondido Creek, Clcto Creek, Salado Creek, Culebras Creek, Cibolo River, Medina River, TRIBUTARIES OF THE CIBOLO RIVER. White Sulph. Sprs, Elm Creek, Santa Clara, Martines Creek, Dos Salatrillas, Rosolio, Balcones. TRIBUTARIES OF THE COLORADO RFV^ER. Long Point Creek, Jennings Creek, Blue Creek, Jones Creek, Skull Creek, Eagle Lake, Redgate's Creek, Harvey's Creek, Brushy Creek, Williams' Creek, Rooky Creek, Buckner's Creek, Rabb's Creek, Cedar Creek, Pine Oak Creek, Alum Creek, Piney Creek, Sandy Creek, Walnut Creek, Cedar Creek, Wilbarger's Creek, Onion Creek, Spring Creek, Cow Creek, Fish Creek, Perdinales River, Cypress Creek, Little Cypress Creek Love Creek, Double Horn, Sandy Creek, Haniilton's Creek, Backbone Creek, Spare Rib Creek, Llano River, Webster's Creek, Our Creek, Saline Creek, Fall Creek, Deer Creek, Sulphur Spring, Lynch's Creek, Marble or Cherokee Rough Creek, Antelope Creek, San Saba River, Horse Creek, Waco Creek, Pecan Bayou, , Spring Creek, AVilbarger's Creek, Indian Creek, Thetis Creek, Clear Creek, Mukewater Creek, Home Creek, Eunomia Creek, Thalia Creek, Terpsichore Creek, David's Creek, Urania Creek, Pomona Creek, Kiekapoo Creek, Rio Concho, Creek, North Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF THE NORTH FORK OF COLORADO. Flora's Creek, Black Creek, Red Creek, Spring Creek, Kiekapoo Creek, Grape Creek, Antelope Creek, Boiling Fork, Bluff Creek, Mulatto Creek, Valley Creek, Fish Creek, Salt Creek, Oak Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE RIO CONCHO. Dog Creek, Good Spring Creek, Lapan Camp Creek, Ninirod Creek, North Fork, South Fork, Kioway Creek, Sterling Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN SABA RIVER. Simpson's Creek, Richland Creek, Wallace's Creek, Bonnet Creek, Brady's Creek, Deep Creek, Cherokee Creek, Buffalo Creek, Cherokee Creek, Hickory Creek, Grape Creek, Tiger Creek, Katomsey's Creek, Camp Creek, Elm Creek, Howard's Creek, Otter Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE MUKEWATER CREEK. Jira Ned Creek, Hord's Creek, Bald Eagle Creek. 76 TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. TRIBUTARIES OF PECAN BAYOU. South Fork, Blanket Creek, Green Brier Creek, Lake Fork, Delaware Creek, Bums Creek, Brown's Creek, Agua Dulce, North Fork, Pompey's Creek, Paint Creek, Middle Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF BRADY'S CREEK. Venus Creek, Ceres Creek, Euphrosyne Creek, Vulcan Creek, Hebe Creek, Amour Creek, Jupiter Creek, Neptune Creek, Snake Spring. TRIBUTARIES OF THE LLANO RIVER. Our Creek, AVillow Creek, Ionia Creek, Little Llano, Comanche Creek, Mills Creek, Buffalo Creek, Jaffies River, Elm Fork, Pecan Creek, Honey Creek, South Fork Creek, San Fei-nando, Leonas Creek, Lipan Camp Creek, Hickory Creek, Salinas Creek, Viejo Creek, Front Creek, Bear Creek, North Fork. Elm Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF HICKORY CREEK. Bull-Head Creek, Treadgill's Creek, Mezquite Creek. Walnut Creek, TRIBUTARIES OP THE PERDENALES CREEK. Cypress Creek, Miller's Creek, Willow Creek. North Fork, Grape Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF ONION CREEK. Williamson Creek, Bear Creek, Dripping Spring. Slaughter's Creek, Manchaca's Spring, LAVACA RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. Navedad River, Supple Jack Creek, Widerhole Creek, Chocolate Creek, Jack's Creek, Mustang Creek, Lower Brushy Creek, Douglas or Clarke's Creek, Ponton or Douglas C. Big Brushy Creek, NAVIDAD RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. Sutherland Creek, West Sandy Creek, West Mustang, Brushy Creek, South Sandy Creek, Mixon's Creek, North Sandy Creek, Sandy Creek, Lower Rocky, East Sandy Creek, East Mustang, Upper Rocky. TRIBUTARIES OF SANDY CREEK. Deer Creek, Clear Fork, Elm Creek, Los Olmos. Castleman Fork, Five-Mile Creek, Salt Fork, TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN MARCOS RIVER. Canoe Creek, Mile Creek, Plum Creek, Highland Creek. York Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Rio Blanco, TRIBUTARIES OF THE LEON RIVER. Cowhouse Creek, Plum Creek, Walnut Creek, Table-Rock Creek, Warring's Creek, Indian Creek, Owl Creek, Live Oak Creek, Duncan Creek, Coryell Creek. South Leon, Walker's Creek, Partridge Creek, Risley's Creek, Armstrong's Creek. TEXAS RIVEllS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. 77 BRAZOS RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. East Union Bayou, West Union Bayou, Cnnal, Cow Crock, Big Creek, Smile Creek, Iron Creek, Mill Creek, Piney Creek, Fish-Pond Creek, Lynn Creek, Caney Creek, New Year's Creek, Kuykendal's Creek, Jackson's Creek, Doe Run, Boason's Creek, Navasoto River, Yegua River, White Creek, Brushy Creek, Cedar Creek, Little Brazos, Antelope Creek, Double Mountain Fork, Spring Creek, Little River, Piilo Piuto River, Hog Creek, Deer Creek, Cow Creek, Lake Creek, Fish Creek, Turtle Creek, Bear Creek, Tahaucano, South Bosquo, Otter Creek, Childres Creek, North Bosque River, Aguilla River, Iron Creek, Cedron Creek, Steele's Creek, Mezquite Creek, Grass Creek, Hill Creek, Lake Creek, Delaware Creek, Croton Creek, Noland's River, Poluxy River, Stroud's Creek, Long Creek, Robinson's Creek, Red Bear Creek, Kickapoo Creek, Patrick's Creek, Rock Creek, Buck Creek, Sunday Creek, Fort Creek, Palo Pinto, lone Creek, Kickapoo Creek, High Bluff Creek, Caddo Creek, Clear Fork, Salt Creek, Elm Creek, Race Creek, Boggy Creek, StoUey's Creek, Phineas Creek, University Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE NAVASOTO RIVER. Holland's Creek, Rocky Creek, Gibbon's Creek, Peach Creek, Spring Peach Creek, Carter's Creek, Lyon's Creek, Wickson's Creek, Bowman's Creek, Alcorn's Creek, Sandj^ Crock, Big Cedar, Caney Creek, Devil's Jump, Camp Creek, Deer Creek, IMineral Creek, Duck Creek, Buck Creek, Birch Creek, Steele's Creek, Lynn Creek, Buffalo Creek, Mustang Creek, Birch Creek, Lake Creek, Plummer's Creek, McKenzie's Creek, Christmas Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE LITTLE BRAZOS RIVER. Spring Creek, South Creek, Hog Creek, Pin Oak Creek, Walnut Creek, Big Creek. Mud Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF THE SOUTH BOSQUE RIVER. Davis Creek, Hog Creek, Duck Creek, Jones' Creek, Indian Creek, Elm Creek, Sandy Creek, Brushy Creek, Middle Bosque River, Bluff Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF LITTLE RIVER Wasp Creek, Cave Creek. Turkey Creek, Dry Fork of Brushy, Battle-Ground Creek, Lake Creek, San Gabriel River, Clay's Fork, Donohoe's Creek, Dorr's Creek, Salado River, Lnmpases River, Noland's Creek, Leon River. 78 TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN GABRIEL RIVER. Pecan Creek, Williamson's Creek, North Fork, Alligator Creek, Berry's Fork, South Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF THE LAMPASES RIVER. Mezquite Creek, School Creek, North Fork, Sulphur Fork, Simm's Creek, Bennet's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE YEGUA. Davidson's Creek, First Yegua, Wolf's Creek, Big Creek, Second Yegua, Cedar Creek, Birch Creek, Third Yegua, Nail's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE NORTH BOSQUE. Neil's Creek, Spring Creek, Honey Creek, Turkey Creek, East Bosque, Duffau's Creek, Meridian Creek, Fall Creek, Green's Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF THE CLEAR FORK OF BRAZOS. Buck Creek, Hubbard's Creek, Evan's Creek, Crump's Creek, Fish Creek, Elm Fork, Toyle's Creek, Hole Creek, Little Elm Fork. TRIBUTARIES OP BUFFALO BAYOU. Carpenter's Bayou, Simms' Bayou, Horse-Pen Bayou, Green's Bayou, Bray's Bayou, Spring Branch. Hunting Bayou, White Oak Bayou, TRIBUTARIES OF THE SAN JACINTO RIVER. Luce Bayou, Hurricane Creek, Lake Creek, East San Jacinto, Crystal Creek, Little Lake Creek, Peach Creek, Cancy Creek, Caney Creek, Spring Branch, Clear Creek, Wave Creek, Middle Fork or Caney Mound Creek, Prairie Creek, Creek, Spring Creek, Sandy Creek. TRIBUTARIES OP EAST SAN JACINTO RIVER. Niblet's Creek, Winter's Creek, Walnut Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF SPRING CREEK. Cypress Bayou, Mill Creek, Dry Fork, Willow Creek, Sandy Creek, Middle Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF SULPHUR FORK OF RED RIVER. Ward's Creek, Ward's Creek, Cuthard's Creek, Cypress Creek, Shoal Creek, Boggy Creek, McKinney's Creek, Flat Creek, Bland's Creek, Rocky Creek, Caney Creek, Guest Creek, Big Creek, Booth's Creek, Ward's Creek, Longham's Creek, Dalby's Creek, Little Mustang Creek, Young's Creek, White Oak Bayou, Big Mustang Creek, Rice's Creek, Village Creek, Mulberry Creek, Anderson's Creek, Kickapoo Creek, Brushy Creek, Brooke's Creek, White Oak Creek, Bee Creek, Bassett's Creek, Fork of Red River, North Fork of Sulphur, Blythe's Creek, Edmonson's Creek, South Fork of Sulphur. Weader's Creek, Delaware Creek, TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. 79 TRINITY RIVER, AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. Hurricane Bayou, Bojijiy Creek, Keeehi Creek, Clapp's Creek, Mill Creek, Elkhart's Creek, Upper Keeehi Creek, Parker's Creek, Box's Creek, Boon Creek, Saline Creek, Lake Creek, Catfish Bayou, Beaver Creek, Otto Creek, Wild Cat Creek, Pecan Creek, Turkey Creek, Walnut Creek, Olla River, Edwanlti' Creek, Menard's Creek, Big Creek, Tempey's Creek, Long King's Creek, Stephen's Creek. Kickapoo Creek, Palmetto Creek, Pool's Creek, Mill Creek, Caney Creek, Harmon's Creek, Nelson's Creek, Mound Creek, White Rock Creek, Cnney Creek, Wright's Creek, Negro Creek, Lost Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF THE ELM FORK OF TRINITY RIVER. Joe's Bayou, Little Elm Creek, Findlcy's Creek, Devil Creek, Pecan Creek, Cooper's Creek, Clear Creek, Duck Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF JORDAN'S Martin Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF DENTON FORK Elizabeth's Creek, Oliver's Creek, Trail Creek, WEST FORK OP TRINITY RIVER. Oliver's Creek, Turkey Creek, Deer Creek, Sandy Creek, Walnut Creek, Village Creek, Centre Creek, Crooked Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF SOUTH FORK OF SULPHUR. Jonningham's Creek, Short Creek, Merrick's Creek, Willow Creek, Stewart's Creek, Middle Fork, Denton Fork of Trinity, Timber Creek, Hickory Creek, Stewart's Creek, Loafer's Creek. Range Creek, Cedar Creek, Rush Creek, Grave Creek, Village Creek, Smith's Creek, Red Oak Creek, Bois d'Arc Creek, Ten-Mile Creek, Pleasant Run Creek, Bois d'Arc, East Fork of Trinity, Five-Mile Creek, White Rock Creek, Mountain Creek, Cedar Bluff Creek, Camp Creek, Trading-House Creek, West Fork of Trinity, Elm Fork of Trinity. Pond Creek, Jordan's Creek, Dry Creek, Right Creek. CREEK. Timl^er Creek. OF TRINITY. Catlett's Creek. Caddo Creek, Fossil Creek, Clear Fork, Mill Creek, Lake Creek, Brushy Creek, Big Creek, Doctor's Creek, Honey Creek, Turkey Creek. John's Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF NORTH FORK OF SULPHUR. Sandy Creek, Honcj- Creek, Bringham's Creek, Hickory Creek, Rock Creek, Marcella's Creek, Crockett's Creek, Cane Creek, ]iois d'Arc Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF WHITE OAK BAYOU. Horse Creek, Big Creek, Roek Creek. Ripley's Creek, Caney Creek, 80 TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. TRIBUTARIES OF BOIS D'ARC CREEK. Bois d'Ai'c Creek, Honey Grove Greek, Bullard's Creek, Sloan's Creek, Powder Creek, Gilbert's Creek, Timber Creek, Coffce-Mill Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE NECIIES RIVER. Pine Island Bayou Alabama Creek, Mill Creek, Wright's Creek, Big Creek, Walnut Run, Sandy Creek, Spring Creek, Angelina River, Bilban's Creek, Russell's Creek, Shawnee Creek, Buck Creek, King's Creek, Caney Creek, Big Piney, Harpin's Pony Creek, Dickinson's Creek, Elm Creek, Cochino Bayou, Conner's Creek, Caney Creek, Morrison's Creek, Rose Creek, Walnut Creek, San Pedro Creek, lone Creek, Still's Creek, Hurricane Creek, Walnut Creek, Brushy Creek, Owl Creek, Caddo Bayou, Neches Saline, Flat Creek, Kickapoo Creek, Indian Creek, Horseley's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE ALABAMA CREEK. Cypress Creek, Beech Creek, Big Sandy Creek, School Creek, Horse-Pen Creek, Wood's Ci-eek, Turkey Creek, Thevenon Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF KICKAPOO CREEK. Battle Creek, Beaver Creek, Alligator Creek. Murchison's Creek, Greenlevel Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF PINE ISLAND. Black Creek, Willow Creek, Sour Lake. Little Pine Island, Marsh Creek, TRIBUTARIES OF THE ANGELINA RIVER. Indian Creek, Trout Creek, Aj'ish Bayou, Atoyac River, Lavacca Creek, Visitador Creek, Anderson Creek, Durazno Creek, Lunana Bayou, Little Loco Bayou, Big Loco B.ayou, Big Shawnee Creek, Horse Creek, Turnpike Creek, Mud Creek, West Fork, Oapaw Creek, Hayes Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF BIG SHAWNEE CREEK. Indian Creek, Stroker's Creek, East Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF AYISH BAYOU. Gibbs' Creek, Rock Creek, Bear Creek, Sandy Creek, Cheamon Creek, Cadasso Creek, Turkey Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE ATOYAC RIVER. Curry Creek, Nicipcr Creek, Arenoso Bayou, Amolodara Bayou, Hooper's Creek, Caney Creek, Tcstifor Creek, Naconichi Creek, Wande's Creek, Bear Creek, Quark's Creek, Golonden's Creek. TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. 81 TRIBUTARIES OF RED RIVER. Sulphur Furk, RiK Bnyou, Red Bnyou, Mud Creek, Mill Creek, Pecan Bayou, Basin Creek, Little Pine Creek, Lower Pine Creek, Upper Pine Creek, Sanders' Creek, Clear Lake, Since Creek, Bois d'Arc, Jennet's Creek, Sandy's Creek, Caney Creek, Brushy Creek, Choctaw Bayou, Mill Creek, Iron Ore Creek, Shawnee Creek, Little Mineral Creek, Big Mineral Creek, Sandy Creek, Clear Creek, Fish Creek, Saline Creek, Coffee Creek, Belknap Creek, Little Wichita, Big Wichita, Pease's River, Wanderer's Creek, Prairie Dog River, Reed's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF BEAVER CREEK. Ella's Creek, Minna's Creek, Emma's Creek, East Fork, Darling Creek, Pet Creek, Lilley's Creek, Jenny's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE LITTLE WICHITA. South Fork, North Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF THE BIG WICHITA. HoUiday's Creek, Chureh Creek, St. Patrick's Creek, Beaver Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF PEASE'S RIVER. Rush Springs, Partridge Springs. Este's Creek, St. James' Springs, TRIBUTARIES OF WHITE ROCK CREEK. Hawes' Creek, Boxe's Creek, Mustang Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF BOGGY CREEK. Seven-Mile Creek, Spring Creek, Leona Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF UPPER KEECHI CREEK. Birch Creek, Buffalo Creek, Recasca Creek, Alligator Creek, Brown Creek, AVheelock Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF PECAN CREEK. Brown Creek, Bear Creek, Pine Oak Creek, Tnhaucano Creek, Cottonwood Creek, (jrindstonc Creek, Spring Creek, Jlesniarizar's Creek, Brier Creek, Chambers' Ci'cek, Curaming's Creek, AVaxaliachie Creek, Mill Creek, North Fork, South Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF THE BOIS D'ARC, OR THE EAST FORK OF TRINITY RIVER. " Mezquite Creek, Wilson's Creek, Spring Creek, Duek Creek, Ten-Mile Creek, Six-Mile Creek, Spring Creek, Honey Creek, Sister Grove Creek, Rowlett's Creek, East Fork, Cedar Creek, Diirliy's Creek, Hurricane Creek, Pilot Grove Creek. B.achus Creek, White's Creek, 4* 82 TEXAS RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES. TRIBUTARIES OF CEDAR CREEK, Walnut Creek, Clear Creek, Train Creek, Lacey's Fork, Ferry Fork, Wolf Creek, Rocky Creek, King's Creek, Brushy Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE CLEAR FORK OF THE WEST FORK OF TRINITY. Jackson's Creek, Walnut Creek, Cow Bayou, Adam's Bayou, Cypress Ba3'ou, Cypress, Flat Creek, Big Cow Creek, Honey Creek, Quicksand Creek, Yellow Bayou, Cat Creek, Little Cow Creek, Clear Creek, Hickman's Creek, Sandy Creek, Sugar Creek, Hansen Creek, Palo Gacho Bayou, Borregas, Sabanillo Creek, Patroon Creek, Marline's Bayou, Bay Sip, Cane Bayou, Kitchen Bayou, Grandison's Bayou, Frazier's Creek, Pilot Knob Creek, Gilmore's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF THE SABINE. Ceranie's Creek, Bueno Creek, Flat Fork of Tencha, Teneha, Fadden Creek, Brushy Creek, Wilkerson Creek, Murville Cr^ek, Mill Creek, * Solges' Bayou, Antoine's Creek, Six-Mile Creek, Iron Creek, Martin's Creek, Hogan's Bayou, Jackson's Creek, Caddo Creek, Quaquaw Creek, Eight-Mile Creek, Potter's Creek, Duflfau's Creek, Cherokee Creek, Rabbit Creek, Harris' Creek, Grace's Creek, Gum Spring, Mill Creek, Little Saline, Duck Creek, White Oak Creek, Big Sandy Creek, Little Sandy Creek, Lake Fork, Rock Creek, Village Creek, Dry Creek, Caney Creek, Saline Creek, Beech Creek, Crooked Creek, Duck Creek, West Fork of Sabine, Caddo Fork. TRIBUTARIES OF CADDO LAKE. Simms' Bayou, Prewett's Creek, Village Creek, Black Bayou, Haggerty's Creek, Little Cypress, Big C\'press. TRIBUTARIES OF LITTLE CYPRESS CREEK. Morris Creek, Wiley's Creek, Moore's Creek, Page's Creek, Eagle Creek, Bear Creek, Walnut Creek, Lily's Creek, Clear Creek, Caney Creek, Kiley's Creek. TRIBUTARIES OF BIG CYPRESS CREEK. Black Cj'press, Johnson's Creek, Alley's Creek, Holland's Creek, Cedar Creek, McGrew"s Creek, Lillling's Creek, Baton's Creek, Swanson's Creek, Hart's Creek, Cow Leach Fork, Timber Creek, Blundell's Creek, Judy's Ci'eek, Blair's Creek, Dry Creek. Horse Creek. THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. 83 ALPHABETICAL TABLE, Showing- the Names of all the Streams in Texas, and where they empty. Adam's Baj-ou, Sabiue River. Agua Dolce, Pecan Bayou. Agua Dolce, Cutto do log Laurelet!. Alabama River Neclies River. Alcorn's Creek, Navasoto. Alley's Creek Big Cj'prcss Creek. Alliffator Creek, Uipper Keechi Creek. Alligator Creek, Kiekapoo Creek. Alligator Creek, San Gabriel River. AUum Creek, Colorado River. Amolodara Bayou, Atoyae River. Amour Creek, Brady's Creek. Anderson's Creek, Angelina River. Anderson's Creek, Sulphur. Angelina River, Xeches River. Anna's Creek, Guadalupe River. Antelope Creek Colonida River. Antelope Creek, Concho River. Antelope Creek Brazos River. Antonnes Bayou, do Aquilla River, Brazos River. Aransas Creek, (Julf of Mexico. Arenoso Bayou, Atoyae River. Armstrong's Creek, Leon River. Armagosa, San Fernando. Arroyo del Saus, Rid Grande. Atascoso River, Nueces River. Atoyae River, Angelina River. Bastrop Bayou Gulf of Mexico. Backbone Creek, Colorado River. Balcones Cibolo River. Bald Eagle Creek, Mukewater Creek. Battle-Ground Creek, Little River. Battle Creek, Kiekapoo Creek. Bay Sip Sabine River. Bachus Creek, East Fork of Trinity River. Basin Creek, Red River. Bassett's Creek Sulphur. Beech Creek, Alabama Creek. Bee Creek Sulphur. Beaver Creek, Big Wichita. Beaver Creek Trinity River. Belknap Creek, Red River. Bear Creek, Pecan Creek. Bear Creek, Guadalupe River. Bear Creek, Caddo Lake. Bear Creek Little Cypress Bayou. Bear Creek, Atoyae River. Bear Creek, Llano River. Bear Creek, Onion Creek. Bear Creek, Brazos River. Bear Creek, Ayish Bayou. Beaver Creek Kiekapoo Creek. Beason's Creek, Brazos River. Benedita Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Berry's Creek, South Bosque River. Rennet's Creek, Lanipases River. Big Chocolate Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Big Brushy Creek, Liivacca River. Big Creek, Brazos River. Big Creek, Navasto. Big Creek, Little Brazos River. Big Creek, Lampases River. Big Loco Bayou, Angelina River. Big Shawnee Creek, do Big Creek, Neches River. Big Piuey, do Big Sands, Alabama Creek. Big CoMT Creek, Sabiue River. Big Sandy Creek, do Big Cypress Creek, Caddo Lake. Big Creek, Trinity River. Big Bayou, Red River. Big Mineral Creek, do Big Wichita River, Red River. Big Creek, South Fork Sulphur. Big Creek, White Oak Bayou. Big Creek, Sulphur Birch Creek, Na vasoto. Birch Creek, do Birch Creek, Yegua River. Birch Creek, Upper Keechi Creek. Bilban's Creek, Neches River. Black Creek, Pine Island Bayou. Black Bayou, Caddo Lake. Blair's Creek, Big Cypress Creek. Black Cypress Creek, do Blanco..., Mission River. Black Creek, North Fork Colorado. Blanket Creek, Pecan Bayou. Bland's Creek, Sulphur. Blundell's Creek,.... Big Cypress Creek. Blue Creek Colorado River. Blutf Creek, West Fork Sabine. Blutf Creek South Bosque River. Blythe Creek, Sulphur. Blufi" Creek Brazos R iver. Boiling Fork, Concho River. Bois d'Arc, North Fork Sulphur. Bois d'Arc, Red River. Bois d'Arc Creek, do Bois d'Arc Creek, Trinity River. 84 THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. Boggy Creek, Brazos River. Boggy Creek, Trinity River. Boggy Creek, Sulphur. Bonito Creek, Ataseoso River. Bonnet Creek, San Saba River. Boon's Creelv, Trinity River. Booth's Creek, Sulphur. Borregas Creek, Sabine River. Bosque East, Brazos River. Bosque Middle, South Bosque River. Bosque South, Brazos River. Bosque North, do Boston Creek, Lake Fork Sabine. Bowman's Creek, do Box Creek, Trinity River. Box's Creek, AVhite Rock Creek. Brady's Creek, San Saba River. Brier Creek, Pecan Creek. Bringhara's Creek,. North Fork Sulphur. Brooke's Creek, Sulphur. Brown's Fork, Pecan Bayou. Brown's Creek, Upper Keechi Creek. Brown's Creek, Pecan Creek. Brushy Creek, Cedar Creek. Brushy Creek, Red River. Brushy Creek, Sabine River. Brushy Creek, Caddo Fork Sabine. Brazos River, Gulf of Mexico. Brushy Lower Creek, Lavacca River. Brushy Big Creek, do Brushy Creek, Navcdad River. Bray's Bayou, Buifalo Bayou, Brushy Creek, Brazos River. Brushy CreeK, Little River. Brushy Creek, Neehes River. Bi'ushy Creek, Sabine River. Bruton's Creek, do Brushy Creek, South Fork Sulphur. Bull-Head Creek, Hickory Creek. Bushy Creek, Colorado River. Burnet's Creek, Hondo River. Buckner's Creek, Colorado River. Buffalo Creek, San Saba River. Burnet Creek, Pecan Bayou. Buffalo Creek, Llano River. Buck Creek, Brazos River. Buck Creek, Navasoto River. Buffalo Creek, do Buck Creek, Ncches River. Buck Creek, Sabine Creek. Buck Creek, Navasoto River. Buffalo Creek, do Buck Creek, Neehes River. Buck Creek, Sabine Creek. Buffalo Creek, Upper Keechi .Creek. BuUard's Creek, Bois d'Arc Creek. Caddo Creek, "Wrest Fork of Trinity. Caddo Fork, do Caddo Creek, Sabine River. Caddo Creek, Sabine River. Caddo Fork, do Caddo Creek, WestFork of Trinity. Calaveras Creek, San Antonio River. Camp Creek, Trinity River. Camp Creek, San Saba River. Camp Creek, Trinity River. Caney, White Oak Bayou. Cane Creek Sabine River. Caney Creek, do Cane Creek do Caney Creek, Trinity River.. Caney Creek, do Caney Creek, Red River. Caney, Sulphur. Caney Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Canoe Bayou, do Caney Creek, San Jacinto River. Canoe Creek, San Mark River. Caney Creek,. ..Lake Fork Sabine River. Cane Bayou, Caddo Lake. Caney Creek, Little Cypress Creek. Caney Creek, Trinity River. Caney Creek, do Caney Creek, Red River. Caney Creek,. ..Lake Fork Sabine River. Cane Bayou Caddo Lake. Caney Creek, Little Cypress Creek. Caney Creek, Big Cypi'ess Creek. Caney, Sulphur. Caney, White Oak Bayou. Carrizo Creek, Trinity River. Carrizo Creek, do. Caranchua, Gulf of Mexico. Cai-penter's Bayou., Buffalo Bayou. Carvase Creek, Nueces River. Caspar Flores, Rio Frio. Castleman's Fork, Sandy Creek. Catlett's Creek,. .Denton Fork of Trinity. Cattish Creek, Trinity River. Catfish Creek, do Cavasso Croek, Rio Frio. Cavasso Creek, Trinity River. Cazada de Reaux, Rio Frio. Cedar Creek, Trinity River. Cedar Bluff Creek, do Cedar Creek,.East Fork of Trinity River. Cedar Bayou Gulf of Mexico. Cedar Lake Bayou, do Cedar Creek, Colorado River. Cedar Creek, do Ceres Creek Brady's Creek. Cedar Creek, Brazos River. THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. 85 Ccdron Creek, Brazos River. Cedar Creek, Yes^ua River. Cedar Creek, Saliine River. Cedar Creek Bijr Uyi>ri'st< Creelc. Centre Creek, AVest Yovk Trinity. Ceranie's Creek, Sabine Creek. Chamber's Creek,...". Pecan Creek. Chacon Rio Frio. Cheamon Creek Ayish Baj-oii. Cherokee Creek, Colorado River. Clear Creek, do Cherokee Creek, Sabine Creek. Cherokee Creek Cedar Creek. Cherokee Creek San Saba River.. Chiltipin Creek, Cutto de los Laureles. Chieanatillo, Ataseo.«o River. Childres Creek, Brazos River. Chiltipin, Aransas River. Chupadcras Creek,.... San Antonio River. Chiltipin Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Chocolate Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Christmas Creek, Navasoto River. Choctaw Bayou, San Jacinto River. Chocolate Creek, Lavacca River. Church Creek Big Wichita Creek. Crump's Creek, Clear Fork of Brazos. Cibolo River San Antonio River. Clarke's Creek, Lavacca River. Clapp's Creek, Trinity liiver. Clay's F(irk Little River. Clear Fork, do Clear Creek, Cedar Creek. Clear Creek San Jacinto River. Clear Creek .San Jacinto Hivcr. Clear Fork Sandy Creek. Clear Creek,. .......Little Cypress Bayou. Clear Creek, Elm Fork of Trinity. Clear Creek Gulf of Mexico. Clear Creek Sabine River. Clear Fork, Brazos River. Cleto Creek, San Antonio River. Clear Lake Red River. Coffee-Mill Creek. Bois d'Arc Creek. Cocbino Bayou Xechcs River. Cow Bayou Sabine River. Cow Creek Little, do Cow Creek Bijr do Cow Leach Creek, do Cooper's Creek Elm fork Trinity. Cottonwood Creek, Pecan Creek. Coffee Creek, Red River. Colorado River, Gulf of Mexico. Copano Creek do Cottonwood Creek, Guadalupe River. Comanche Creek, Nueces River. Comanche Creek, Llano River. Comal Creek, Guadalupe River. Colcto Creek do Cottonwood Creek, do Columbus Creek. San Antonio River. Cottonwood Creek, do Cow Creek, Colorado River. Concho River, do Cow Creek, Brazos River. Cow Creek, do Cow-house Creek, Leon River. Coryell Creek, do Conner's Creek, Neches River. Cox's Creek Guadalupe River. Crooked Creek West Fork of Trinity. Crockett Creek,... North fork of Sulphur. Crooked Creek, Sabine Creek. Crystal Creek, San Jacinto River. Crotou Creek Brazos River. Cuerro Creek Rio Grande. Cucvas Creek do Curry's Creek G uadalupe River. Cuerro Creek do Curry's Creek, Atoyac River. Cumming's Creek, Pecan Creek. Cuthard's Creek, Sulphur. Cypress Creek, Sulphur. Cypress Creek, Guadalupe River. C3'press Creek, Colorado River. Cypress Creek, Perdiuales River. Cypress Bayou, Spring Creek. Cypress Creek, Alabama Creek. Cypress Bayou, Sabine River. Cypress Creek...... Sabine River. Dalby's Creek, Sulphur. David's Creek, Colorado River. Darljy's Creek, East Fork of Trinity, Darling Creek, Red River. Davis Creek South Bayou. Davison's Creek, Yegiia River. Deep Creek, San Saba River. Debiware Creek, Pecan Bayou. Devil Creek, Rio Grande. Deer Creek, Denton Fork of Trinity. Deer Creek, Na vasoto. Deer Creek, Brazos River. Deer Creek, Sandy Creek. Deer Creek Colorado River. Deer Creek, Rio Frio. Deer Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Denton Creek, Guadalupe River. Delaware Creek, Brazos River. Devil's Jump Creek Navasoto Denton Fork Trinity. Delaware Creek, Sulphur. Dickinson Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Dickinson Creek, Neches River. 86 THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. Double Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Dos Salatrillas, Cibolo River. Double Horn Creek, Colorado Rive. Dove Creek, Concho River. Douglas Creek, Lavacca River. Doe Run, Brazos River. Double Mountain Fork, do Donohoe Creek, Little River. Dorr's Creek, Brazos River. Doctor's Creek,. .South Fork of Sulphur. Duck Creek, Navasoto. Duck Creek, Licor River. Duflfan's Creek, North Bosque River. Duncan's Creek, Leon River. Durazno Creek, Angelina River. Duck Creek, Sabine River Duffon's Creek do Duck Creek, do Duck Creek, do Duck Creek,..East Fork of Trinity River. Dripping Spring, Onion Creek. Dry Fork, Spring Ci-eek. Dry Fork of Brushy, Little River. Dry Creek, Sabine River. Dry Creek, do Dry Creek, Big Cypress Creek. Dry Creek, Elm Fork of Trinity. East Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Eagle Creek, San Antonio River. Eagle Lake, Colorado River. East Mustang Creek, Navedad River. East Sandy Creek, do East San Jacinto River,. .San Jacinto R. East Union Bayou, Brazos River. Eagle Creek, Little Cypress Creek. East Fork, Trinity River. East Creek, Little "Wichita River. East Bosque River,. North Bosque River. East Fork, Big Shawnee Creek. East Fork, East Fork of Trinity. Edmonson's Creek, Sulphur. Edward's Creek, Trinity River. Eight-Mile Creek, Sabine River. Elizabeth's Creek, Denton Fork of Trinity. Elkhart's Creek do Elm Creek, Rio Grande. Elm Creek, Nueces River. Elm Bayou, Guadalupe River. Ella's Creek, Beaver Creek. Elm Creek, Brazos River. Elm Creek, Clear Fork of Brazos. Elm Creek, Cibolo River. Elm Creek, Sandy Creek. Elm Creek, San Saba River. Elm Fork, Llano River. Elm Creek, do Elm Creek, Little River. Elm Creek, Neches River. Elm Creek, Lake Fork of Sabine. Elm Fork, Trinity River. Emma's Creek Beaver Creek. Este's Creek, Pease River. Escondido, San Fernando. Espantoso, do Escondido Creek, San Antonio River. Euphrosyne Creek, Brady's Creek. Eumonia Creek, Colorado River. Evan's Creek, Clear Fork of Brazos. Fadden's Creek, do Fall Creek, Colorado River. Fall Creek, North Bosque River. Ferris Creek Cedar Creek. Fish-Pond Creek Brazos River. Fish Creek, do Fish Creek, Colorado River. Fish Creek, Clear Fork Brazos. Fish Creek, North Fork Colorado. Fish Creek, Red River. First Yegua, Yegua River. Findley's Creek, ....Elm Fork of Trinity. Eive-Mile Creek, Guadalupe River. Five-Mile Creek, Sandy Creek. Five-MUe Creek, Trinity River. Flat Creek, Neches River. Flat Creek, Sabine River. Flat Fork of Tencha do Flat Creek, Black Cypress Creek. Flat Creek, Sulphur. Flora's Creek, North Fork Colorado. Forked Lake, Nueces River. Fossil Creek,. ..Denton Fork of Trinity. Fort Creek, ^ Brazos River. Foyle Creek, ...Clear Fork of the Brazos. Francisco Perez, Rio Frio. Frazier's Creek, Caddo Lake. Fulcher's Creek, Guadalupe River. Gareitas Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Gibbon's Creek, Navasoto River. Gibbs' Creek Avish Bayou. Gilmore's Creek, Clear fork of W.fork Tr. Gilbert's Creek Red River. Gilbert's Crefek, Bois d'Arc. Glade Creek, Sabine River. Golonden's Creek, Atoyac River. Good Spring Creek, do Goose Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Grace Creek, Sabine River. Grape Creek, Concho River. Grape Creek, San Saba River. Grape Creek, Perdinales River. Grass Creek, Brazos River. Gran dison's Bayou Caddo Lake. THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. 87 Grave Creek Trinitj- River. Green Lake Guadalupe River. Green Brier Creek, Peean Baj-on. Green's Bayou Buffalo Bayou. Green's Creek North Bosque River. Green Level Creek, Kiekapoo Creek. Grindstone Creek, Peean Creek. Guadalu))e River, Gulf of Mexico. Guest Creek, Sulphur. Gum Spring, Sabine River. Hall's Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Haggerty's Creek, Caddo Lake. Hamilton's Creek, Colorado River. Harmon's Creek Trinitj'. Harper's Pony Creek, Neches River. Harris Creek, Sabine River. Hart's Creek, Big Cypress Creek. Haye's Creek, Angelina River. Hebe Creek, Brady's Creek. Hickory Creek,. .North Fork of Sulphur. Highland Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Highland Creek, San Marcos River. Hickory Creek, San Saba River. Hickory Creek, Llano River. Hill Creek Brazos River. High Bluff Creek do Hill Creek Sabine River. Hickman Creek, do Hickory Creek, .Elm Creek of Trinity R. HoUiday's Creek Big Wichita River. Honey Creek, ...East Pork of Trinity R. Howe's Creek, White Rock Creek. Horse Creek, Sabine River. Honey Creek,. ...South Fork of Sulphur. Housen's Creek, Sabine River. Hogan's Creek do Holland's Creek Big Cypress Creek. Honey Creek, ...North Fork of Sulphur. Hondo River Rio Frio. Hondo Creek, San Antonio River. Honey Grove Creek,... Bois d'Arc Creek. Hondo Creek, do Horse Creek Colorado River. Home Creek do Howard's Creek, San Salia River. Honey Creek Llano River. Horde's Creek, Mukewater Creek. Horse-Pen Bayou, Buffalo Bayou. Hog Creek Brazos River. Holland's Creek Navasoto. Hog Creek. Little Brazos River. Hog Creek, South Bosque River. Honey Creek, North Bosque River. Hole Creek, Clear Fork of Brazos. Horse Creek, Angelina River. Horse Creek, White Oak Bayou. Ilorscley's Creek, Neches River. Horse-Pen Creek, Alabama Creek. Hooper's Creek, Atoyac River. Hunting Bayou, Buffalo Bayou. Hurricane Bayou, San Jacinto River. Hubbard's Creek, Clear Fork Brazos. Hurricane Creek, Neches River. Huannab Creek, Sabine River. Hugh's Creek Black Cypress. Hurricane Bayou, Trinity River. Hurricane Creek,..East Fork of Trinity. Indian Creek, Nueces River. Indian Creek, Little River. Indian Creek Leon River. Indian Creek, Angelina River. Indian Creek, Big Shawnee Creek. Indian Creek, Neches River. Indian Creek, Colorado River. Iron Creek, Brazos River. Iron Creek, do lone Creek do lone Creek Neches River. Iron Creek Sabine River. Iron-Ore Creek Red River. Irish Creek, Guadalupe River. Isaac's Creek, do Jackson's Creek, Sabine River, Jane's Creek Guadalupe River. Jacob's Creek, do James' Creek, Llano River. Jack's Creek, Lavacca River. Jackson's Creek, Brazos River. Jarancahuas San Fernando. Jackson's Cr.Clear Fork of W.Fork of Tr. Jennet's Creek, Red River. Jenny's Creek, Beaver Creek. Jenningham's Cr.. South Fork of Sulphur. Jcnning's Creek, Colorado River. Jim Ned Creek Mukewater Creek. Jim's Bayou Caddo Lake. John's Creek... .South Fork of Sulpher. Jordan Creek Elm Fork of Trinity. .Joshua's Creek Guadalupe River. Jones' Creek Colorado River. Jones' Creek Llano River. Jones' Creek Little River. Johnson's Creek Big Cj-press Creek. Joe's Bayou Elm Fork of Trinity. Judy's Creek Big Cypress. Jupiter's Creek Brady's Creek, Katomsey's Creek, San Saba River. Keechi Creek, Trinity River. Kendal's Creek, Rio Frio, Kelley's Creek, Black Cypress Bayou. Kiley's Creek, Little Cypress Bayou. Kioway Creek, Concho River. 88 THE NAMES OE THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. Kickapoo Creek, Colorado River. Kickapoo Ci-eek, Coucho River. Kickapoo Creek, Sulphur. Kickapoo Creek, Trinity Rivei". Kickapoo Creek, Brazos River. Kickapoo Creek do Kickapoo Creek, Necbes River. King's Creek, Neelies River. King's Creek, Cedar Creek. Kitchen Creek, Big Cypress Bayou. Kuykendall's Creek, Bi-azos River. La Bahia, do Lacey's Fork, Cedar Creek. Lake Creek, Trinity River. Lake Fork, Sabine River. Lake Creek, do Lake Creek, South Fork of Sulphur. Lake Creek, Guadalupe River. Lake Creek, Pecan Bayou. Lake Creek, Brazos River. Lake Creek, San Jacinto. Lake Creek, do Lake Creek, Navasoto River. Lake Creek, Little River. Lampases River, do Lapan Creek, Concho River. La Parita, Atascoso River. La Nuna Bayou, Angelina River. Lavacca Creek, do Lavacea River, Gulf of Mexico. Laureles Creek, do La Garza Creek, Nueces River. La Parra, do La Gunna, Rio Frio. La y esta, Aransas River. Leona River, Rio Frio River. Leona Creek, Llano River. Leon River, Little River. Leon South, Leon River. Leona Creek, Boggy Creek. Little Cj'press Creek, Colorado River. Little Llano, Llano River. Little Lake Creek, San Jacinto. Little Brazos, Brazos River. Little River, do Little^Elni Pork,...Clear Fork of Brazos. Live Oak Creek, Leon River. Little Loco Bayou, Angelina River. Little Pine Island Bayou,. ..Pine Island. Little Mustang Creek, Sulphur. Little River, Brazos River. Little Wichita, Red River. Little Sabine Creek, Sabine River. Little Sandy Creek do Little C^'press Creek, Sabine River. Lining's Creek, Big Cypress Creek. Little Elm Creek,. ..Elm Fork of Trinity. Little Pine Creek, Red River. Little Mineral Creek do Little Wichita, do Lily's Creek, Beaver Creek. Live Oak Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Linn Bayou, do Live Oak Creek, Nueces River. Lipan Creek, Atascoso River. Live Oak Creek Hondo River. Los Moras Creek, Rio Grande. Los Olmos Creek, Sandy Creek. Longham's Creek, Sulphur. Las Muellas, Nueces River. Long Point Creek, Colorado River. Love Creek, do Lower Brushy Creek, Lavacca River. Lower Rocky Creek, Navedad River. Long Creek, Brazos River. Loco Little Bayou, Angelina River. Loco Big Bayou, do Loafer's Creek....Elm Fork of Trinity R. Long King's Creek Trinity River. Lost Creek, do Lower Pine Creek, Red River. Lucas Creek, Atascoso River. Luce Bayou, San Jacinto River. Llano River, Colorado River. Lynch Creek, do Lynn Creek, Brazos River. Lyon Creek, Navasoto River. Lynn Creek, do Maverick's Creek, Rio Grande. Manahuila Creek,.. ..San Antonio River. Martines River, Cibolo River. Marble Creek, Colorado River. Manchaca's Spring, Onion Creek. March Creek, Pine Island Bayou. Marline's Bayou, Sabine River. Marting Creek, do Martin's Creek, Trinity River. Marcell's Creek,. North Fork of Sulphur. Medina River, San Antonio River. Medio or Middle Creek, do Melon Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Melon Creek, Mission River. Menard's Creek, Trinity River. jMerrick's Creek,.. South Fork of Sulphur. Meridian Creek, North Bosque. Mesmarizar's Creek, Upper Keechi Creek. Mezquite Creek,.. ..East Fork of Trinity. Mezquite Creek, Hickory Creek. Mezquite Creek Brazos River. Mezquite Creek, Lampases River. Middle Fork, Spring Creek. Middle Fork, San Jacinto River. THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. 89 Middle Fork, Pecnn Bnyon. Middle Bosque South Bosque River. Middle Fork, of South Fork of Sulphur. Mill Creek Sprinj^ Creek. Mill Creek, do Mill Creek, Neches River. Mill Creek Sabine River. Mill Creek do Mill Creek, West Fork of Trinity. Mill Creek Red River. Mill Creek, Trinity River. Mill Creek, do Mill Creek Pecan Creek. Mill Creek do Mill Creek Brazos River. Mill Creek, Llano River. Miller's Creek Perdinales River. Miller's Creek Mission River. McKenzie's Creek, Navasoto. McGrew's Creek Sabine River. McKinney 's Creek, Sulphur. Mineral Creek, Navasoto River. Mina's Creek, Red River. Miner's Creek, Guadalupe River. Mineral Big Creek, Red River. Mineral Little Creek, do Mission River Gulf of Mexico. Mixon's Creek Navedad River. Mocorera Creek Mission River. Moore's Creek do Morrison's Creek, Neebes River. Morris's Creek, Little Cypress Creek. Mose's Bayou Gulf of Mexico. Mound Creek San Jacinto River. Mound Creek, Trinity River. Mountain Creek do Mustang Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Mustang Creek, Nueces River. Mule Creek St. Mark's River. Mukewater Creek, Colorado River. Mulatto Creek North Fork Colorado. Mustang West Creek,... Navedad River. Mustang East Creek,. do Mustang Creek, Lavacea River. Mustang Creek, Navasoto River, Mud Creek, Red River. Mud Creek, Angelina River. Murchison's Creek, Kiokapoo Creek. Murvillc Creek, Sabine River. Mustang Creek White Rock. Mustang Little Creek, Sulphur. Mustang Big Creek do Mulberry Creek do Naconichi Creek Atoyac River. Nail's Creek Yegua River. Nash's Creek Guadalupe Rivor. Navedad River, Laraoca River- Navasoto River Brazos River- Neches River Gulf of Mexico- Neptune Creek Brady's Creek. New Year's Creek, Brnzos River. Neil's Creek, North Bosque. Neches Sabine, Neches River. Negro Creek, Trinity River. Nelson's Creek, do Nelson's Creek, East fork Trinity. Niciper Creek, Atoj-ac Creek. Niblet's Creek, ....East San Jacinto Rivr. Noland's River,...., Brazos River. North Sandy Creek, Navedad River. North Fork, Colorado River. North Fork, Concho River. North Fork, Pecan Bayou. North Fork, Llano River. North Fork, Perdinales River. North Fork, Lampases River. North Fork, Pecan Creek. North Fork, Red River. North Fork, Little Wichita River. North Fork, Sulphur. North Fork, San Gabrcl River. Noland's Creek, Little River. Nueces River, Gulf of Mexico. Oak Creek, North Fork Colorado. Oapaws Creek, Angelina River. Old River, Trinity River. Olivers Creek, Denton Fork Trinity. Oliver's Creek, West Fork of Trinity. 011a River do Olmns Creer, San Antonio River. Onion Creek, Colorado River. Oso Creek, do Otter Creek, San Saba River. Otto Creek Trinity River. Otter Creek, Brazos River. Our Creek, Llano River. Our Creek do Owl Creek, Leon River. Owl Creek, , Neches River. Owl Creek, do Oyster Bayou, Gulf of Mexico. Oyster Creek, do Page's Creek Little Cypress Creek. Paint Creek Pecan Bayou. Paint Rock Creek, Llano River. Paista Creek, do Palm Creek, San Antonio River. Palmetto Creek, do Palo Gncho Bayou, Sahine River. Palo Pinto Brazos River. Panitas Creek Nueces River. Papelote Creek, Aransas River. 90 THE NAMES OF THE RIVERS OF TEXAS. Parker's Creek, Hondo. Parker's Creek, Trinity River. Partrick's Creek, Brazos River. Patridge Creek, Leon River. Partridge Springs, Pease's River. Patroon Creek, do Pecan Bayou, do Pecan Bayou, Colorado River. Pecan Creek, Llano River. Pecan Creek, San Galoriel River. Pecan Creek, Trinity River. Pecan Creek, Elm Fork of Trinity. Pecan Creek, Nueces River. Peach Creek, San Jacinto River. Peach Creek, Navasoto River. Peach Creek, do Pedro's Creek, Rio Grande. Pease's River, Red River. Perdido Creek, Guadalupe River. Perdinales River, Colorado River. Pet Creek, Beaver Creek. Phineas' Creek, Brazos River. Pilot Grove Creek,. .East fork of Trinity. Pilot Knob Creek, Elm Fork of W. F. Tr. Pin Oak Creek, Little Brazos River. Pin Oak Creek, Pecan Creek. Pine Creek Little, Red River, Pine Creek Lower, do Pine Creek Upper, do Pin Oak Creek, Colorado River. Pintos, Cutto de los Laureles. Piney Creek, do Piney Creek, Brazos River. Pleasant Run Creek, Trinity River. Plum Creek, St. Mark River. Pluminer's Creek, Navasoto River. Plum Creek, Leon River. Post Oak Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Pomona Creek, Colorado River. Pompey's Creek, Pecan Bayou. Ponton Creek, Lavacca River. Pond Creek, Brazos River. Poluxy River, do Potter's Creek, Sabine River. Pool's Creek, Trinifv River. Pond Creek, Elm Fork of'Trinity. Powder Creek, Bois d'Arc Creek. Prairie Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Prairie Creek San Jacinto River. Prairie-Dog River, Red River. Prewett's Creek, Caddo Lake. Price's Creek, Guadalupe River. Puenta de la Piedra, Nueces River. Quark's Creek, Atoyac River. Quihi Hondo River. Quero Creek, Guadalupe. Quicksand Creek, Sabine River. Quaquaw Creek, do Rancheros Creek, Atascoso. Rabb's Creek, Colorado River. Race Creek, Brazos River. Rabbit Creek, Sabine River. Range Creek, Jordan's Creek. Besaca, San Fernando. Rebecca's Creek, Guadalupe River. Redgate Creek, Colorado River. Red Creek, ..North Fork Colorado River. Red Oak Creek, Trinity River. Red Bear Creek, Brazos River. Red Bayou do Reed's Creek, Red River. Rescasca Creek, Upper Keechi. Resley's Creek, Leon River. Rice's Creek, Sulphur. Richland Creek, Mission Creek. Richland Creek, San Saba River. Right Creek, Eim Fork of Trinity. Rio Grande, Gulf of Mexico. Rio Frio, Nueces River. Rio Blanco, St. Mark River. Ripley's Creek,. .North Fork of Sulphur. Robinson's Creek, do Rock Creek Sabine River. Rock Creek, North Fork of Sulphur. . Rock Creek, White Oak Creek. Rock Creek Brazos River. Rock Creek Ayish Bayou. Rocky Creek, Colorado River. Rocky Upper Creek, Navedad River. Rockey Lower do Rocky Creek, Sulphur. Rocky Creek Navasoto River. Rocky Creek Cedar Creek. Rosolio Creek, Cibolo River. Rose Creek Neches River. Rough Creek, Colorado River. Rowlett's Creek. ..East Fork of Trinity. Russell's Creek Neches River. Rush Creek Trinity River. Rush Springs Pease's River. Sabinas Creek, Guadalupe. Sabinas Atascoso. Sabanillo Creek, Sabine River. Sabinal, Rio Frio. Sabine River Gulf of Mexico. Sabinas Creek, Guadalupe. Sabine Creek, Colorado River. Saco River, Hondo River. Saco River Mission River. Saline Creek, Trinity River. SalinasCreek Llano River. Salt Creek,.. North Fork Colorado Kiver. THE NAMES OF THE RIVEKS OF TEXAS, 91 Saline Creek Red River. Salatrilli Ciliolo River. Siila River. Wolf Creek, Cedar Creek. White Oak Bayou, Sabine River. AVolf's Creek, Yegua River. White Rock Creek, Trinity River. Wood's Creek Alabama Creek. Wickson's Creek, Navasoto River. AYright's Creek Trinity River. Widerhole Creek Lavaca River. Yegua River Brazos River. Wilbarger's Creek, Colorado River. Y'egua First, Y^egua River. Wilbarger's Creek do Y'egua Second, do Wild Cat Creek,... Trinity River. Y'egua Third, no..; Wiley's Creek, Little Cypress Creek. Y'cUow Bayou, Sabine River. Wilkeson's Creek, Sabine River. York's Creek, San Marcos River. AVilson's Creek, Gulf of Mexico. Zoquette Creek, Rio Grande. — -♦*-3#*^S-3 *#-*€-^^- — RxiTES OF POSTAGE In the United States, and to the British North American Provinces. LiiTTKKs, in tlie United States, per half-ounce, (fractions same,) not over 3000 miles, three cents, prepaid ; over 3000 miles, ten. Letters dropped for delivery only, one cent. Advertised letters, one cent extra. To or from the Provinces, not over 3000 miles from the line, ten cents per half-ounce; over 3000, fifteen cents, prepaid or not. TrA.VSIENT newspapers, periodicals, unsealed CIRCtLAUS, OR OTHER ARTI- CLES OF PRINTED MATTER, not exceeding three ounces in weight, to any part of the United States, prepaid, one cent ; not prepaid, two cents ; each additional ounce, or fraction of an ounce, prepaid, one cent ; not prepaid, two cents. Regular newspapers or periodicals, paid yearly or quarterly in advance, when circulated in the State where published, not weighing over one and a half ounces, quarter of a cent ; over one and a half ounces and not over three ounces, half a cent; every additional ounce or fraction, half a cent. When circulated out OP THE State, all weighing three ounces or less, half a cent, and each additional ounce or fraction, half a cent. Weekly newspapers, within the county where published, single copy free to each subscriber. Small newspapers and periodicals monthly or oftener, and pamphlets not containing more than sixteen octavo pages, 98 GEOLOGY OF TEXAS. in single packages of not less than eight ounces, to one address, prepaid by stampa only, half a cent for each ounce ; fractions same. Books, bound or unbound, not weighing over four pounds, under 3000 miles, one cent per ounce, prepaid j cent and a half, not prepaid; over 3000 miles, two cents, prepaid ; three cents, not prepaid. Publishers of newspapers and periodicals are allowed a free exchange of one copy, and may also send to each actual subscriber, enclosed in their publica- tions, bills and receipts for the same free. All printed matter must be sent without cover, or in a cover open at the ends or sides. There must be no word or communication jorinted on the same after its publication, or upon the cover, except the name and address of the person to whom it is to be sent. There must be no paper or other thing enclosed in or with such printed paper. TO OR FROM GREAT BRITAIN OR IRELAND. Letters. — Each half-ounce, twenty-four cents; five cents extra for California or Oregon. Prepayment optional. Newspapers. — Two cents each, payable in the United States. Periodicals and Pamphlets, not over two ounces, two cents each, and four cents each extra ounce, payable in the United States ; and same postage is payable in the United Kingdom, excepting that for the third ounce it rises to sixpence, and each extra ounce is twopence. GEOLOGY OF TEXAS. There is indubitable and well-attested e\ idonce of rich mineral and geological formations in several portions of our State. These cannot long remain a hidden mys- tery to the people. The legislators of Texas will soon awake to the true interest of the country, and will appoint a practical geologist, some man of acknowledged reputation, with an efficient corps of assistants, to make a thorough examiuation of the whole State. No use to which the funds in the Public Treasury could be applied would be productive of such beneficial results as to apply them to this pur- pose, — no, not even to found a general system of public education throughout our State. Let this appropriation be liberal, and none but first-class talent employed, and the State of Texas will soon feel its beneficial influence. 1. A specimen of coal from Denton county shows about 36 parts of bitumen, 61 of charcoal and about 3 of earth. It burns readily, emits no unpleasant odor and forms a good cinder. This coal exists in large quantities in Denton, and doubtless could be made very productive. 2. A specimen of coal from Burleson county. This closely resembles the ean- nel, and is therefore a superior coal. It contains 75 parts of charcoal, 22 of naphtha and 3 of earth. It burns with a clear light and leaves but little ashes. This coal is valuable in the manufacture of steel. 3. Green paint. This was found in the Indian Nation, on the east bank of Red Biver, near the residence of Col. Boulding. It has been tested in painting car- WHAT MAKE« A BUSHEL. 99 riages in this town, and found to be a good article. The mine is a large one, wo believe, and it certainly would be worked to great profit. 4. Marble found 45 miles above Gainesville, Cooke county, on Red River. The specimens are three in number, — exhibiting fineness and solidity of grain, both the pure white and shaded with black. We think that they will admit of a good polish. !y. Specimens of gypsum or plaster-of-Paris. These were found in the same neighborhood and exist in large quantities. The virtues of this mineral are well known to agriculturists in Europe and in portions of the North. The most benefi- cial effects are produced upon clover. It is also used in the arts. (). Grindstone rock. This specimen is from Red River, Cooke county, and shows a fine quality; the grit is white and works easily and to a good face. A supply may be found for the whole South. A specimen of copper-ore obtained from lands owned by Mabel Gilbert, Esq., situ- ated on the waters of Red River, between the mouth of the Big Wichita and Pease's River, in Cooke Land District, has been assayed for us by J. R. Chilton, Esq., a celebrated practical chemist of New York City, who found that it contained fifty- nine and a half per cent, of pure copper, which he says is very valuable and would command a ready sale in any of the Northern or European cities. In the country where these specimens are found the land is cheap and produc- tive. But little is known of their mineral wealth, save what may bo picked up by accident. At another session of the Legislature, we have no doubt, provision will be made for a scientific exploration, and the work be placed in the hands of men of known reputation before the country. Evidently these explorations have largely augmented the population and capital of some of the Western States ; and some of our Southern sister States are following their example, and will of course be ma- terially benefited. — '-^a i#*c i «- — DF. CORDOVA'S LAND AND COLLECTING AGENCY, CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS. Taxes on Lands paid. Titles recorded and perfected. Debts collected in Western Texas, Claims against the late Republic prosecuted. Lands sold for taxes redeemed, Investigations made in the Land-OQice, and in nil the Publio Offices in Austin. — -.t>««-»C-3-— — WHAT MAKES A BUSHEL. The following table, showing the number of pounds of various articles to a bushel, may bo of interest to our readers. Wheat, sixty pounds. Corn, shelled, fifty-six pounds. Corn, on the cob, seventy pounds, Oats, thirty-six pounds. Rye, fifty-six pounds. Barley, forty-six pounds, Buckwheat, fifty-two pounds, Irish potatoes, sixty pounds, Sweet potatoes, fifty pounds, Onions, fifty-seven pounds, Beans, sixty pounds. Bran, twcntj' pounds. too TEXAS, HER POSITION AND HER PUBLIC MEN. INFORMATION FOR HOUSEWIVES. On the frontier it is not always that the ladies have at their command the necessary weights and measures : we therefore insert the following table, although we have seen it published in a hundred different shapes. A quart of flour weighs just one pound; a quart of corn meal, one pound and two ounces; a quart of butter, one pound one ounce; a quart of loaf sugar, one pound ; a quart of white sugar, powdered, one pound one ounce ; a quart of best brown sugar, one pound two ounces ; ten eggs weigh one pound ; sixteen large table- spoonfuls make a half-pint, eight make a gill, four half a gill, &c. TEXAS, HER POSITION AND HER PUBLIC IMEEN. It is an undeniable fact that the present pecuniary situation of Texas is far supe- rior to that of any other State in the Union. Without a single dollar of debt, she has money enough in her treasury at this moment, unappropriated, to carry on the govern- ment for years, — possessing as she does millions of acres of as fine land as is to be found in the world, which she is ready and willing to devote to the work of internal improvement, while her rate of taxation is far lower than that of any other civilized portion of the globe. This, with the liberal provisions made to advance the cause of education, joined to the number of able citizens she has within her limits to fill her several public offices, and the appreciation of their services which is manifested by the mass of the people in electing and re-electing efiicient men to the different posts of honor or emolument within their gift, is a feature in our government that we may well be proud of. There is one point in the history of Texas that may not be generally known ; but it shows plainly the character of the meu to whom she intrusted the management of her public affairs. A handful of men achieved her independence, and that, too, without a dollar of real capital in her treasury. Her obligations had to be given out, as her wants were great; consequently, each year her debt enlarged, and as a natural result her paper depreciated, until a class of her obligations was sold as low as 2J cents on the dollar. Yet, notwithstanding this depreciation, her accounts were kept with a degree of system and clearness that, when the time arrived for us to give in an estimate of the amount of our debt preparatory to settlement, was found to be truly astonishing, — alike creditable to our country and her officers; and although, when the claims we had contracted with the United States Government for her to pay us were presented at the office of the Secretary of the Treasury at Washington City, it was supposed that it would far exceed what had been stated to be issued by our Government, the result has shown that these estimates were correct; and, with the exception of a few forged certificates of public debt which floated for a time in the New York and New Orleans market, which were presented, we doubt whether so large an amount of the first debt of a new country was 6ver paid in so short a time TEXAS, HER POSITION AND HER PUBLIC MEN. lOl and with so little trouble as ias been that of the Tcxian Revolutionary war; and we also believe that, should an opportunity ever occur, Mr. Guthrie and those who have attcnde