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THE SUNOL STATUE OF COLUMBUS. 
 
 BY PERMISSION OF ''THE ART INTERCHANGE." 
 
PRESENTATION^ 
 
 OF 
 
 SUNOL'S BRONZE STATUE 
 
 OF 
 
 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 
 
 THE MALL, CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK 
 
 SATURDAY, MAY 12, 1894 
 
 ,^^-uJi\(iL.)^.iu.^^ -'-^- 
 
 J 6 
 
 u 
 
 - 't-ji»J( KL^'Ct 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1894 
 H 
 

 250 copies, privately printed by The DeVinne Press, for 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt and James Grant Wilson. 
 
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
 
 O more beautiful day than Satm-day, May 
 the twelfth, 1894, could have beeu selected 
 for the unveiling ceremonial of Jeronimo 
 Sunol's bronze statue of Christopher Colum- 
 bus, in the Central Park, New York. The 
 site occupied by this latest addition to the 
 art treasures of the American metropolis 
 is perhaps the finest in the Pai-k, standing, 
 as it does, at the south end of the broad 
 central avenue known as the Mall, and di- 
 rectly opposite the noble statue of Shakespeare by J. Q. A. Ward. 
 These "two great heirs of fame" of the fifteenth and sixteenth 
 centuries confront each other, and are appropriate companions. 
 The statues are of heroic size, standing on pedestals somewhat 
 similar in design, but differing in the character of the granite 
 used, the Columbus pedestal being designed by Napoleon Le Brun, 
 of New York. A platform facing the statue had been erected for 
 the use of the speakers and the Committee of Arrangements, and 
 was tastefully draped with flags, while two thousand seats had 
 been provided and reserved for the subscribers to the statue, 
 members of the New Yark Genealogical and Biographical Society, 
 
and other guests, all of whom were furnished with cards similar to 
 the one that appears on another page of this volume. 
 
 Previous to the presentation of the statue, there was a formal 
 breakfast given at their residence, No. 15 East Seventy-fourth 
 street, which was elaborately decorated with American, Spanish, 
 and Italian flags, by General and Mrs. Wilson to their guests from 
 Washington, D. C, consisting of Vice-President and Mrs. Steven- 
 son, the Italian Ambassador and Bai'oness de Fava, and Senor 
 Don Emilio de Muruaga, the Spanish Minister. Others invited 
 to meet them were Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Bishop Potter, Ad- 
 miral Gherardi, U. S. N., General Howard, U. S. A., Mr. Depew, 
 A. Loudon Snowdeu of Pennsylvania, late Minister to Spain, who 
 aided General Wilson when in that country in attending to details 
 connected with the statue, Mr. John V. L. Pruyn, and the mem- 
 bers of the Committee then in the city, viz.: Mr. and Mrs. Van- 
 derbilt, Mr. and Mrs. Marquand, Mr. and Mrs. Grace, President 
 and Mrs. James, and Mr. and Mrs. James J. Goodwin. At 2:45 
 the party entered carriages and were escorted to the Park by a 
 detachment of twelve mounted Park police. The first carriage 
 was occupied by Vice-President Stevenson, General Wilson, Mrs. 
 Julia Ward Howe, and the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. In the 
 second were the Italian Ambassador, Baron de Fava, the Bishop 
 of New York, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. In the third were ex- 
 Mayor and Mrs. Grace, and Mrs. Stevenson. In the fourth rode 
 the Baroness de Fava, Mrs. Marquand, and General Howard. In 
 the fifth, Mrs. Grant Wilson, Miss Wilson, and Admiral Gherardi. 
 In the sixth were Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin, and Hon. Thomas L. 
 James. In the seventh, Consul -General Baldasano, Col. A. 
 Loudon Snowden, and Mr. Pruyn. 
 
 Five minutes before three o'clock, the assemblage of from eight 
 to ten thousand, including many of the most prominent ladies 
 and gentlemen of New York, were surprised by the arrival of 
 the cortege that was to conduct the ceremonial. Leaving their 
 carriages on the side of the east drive, the party were escorted by 
 Mr. Philip Rhinelander, Mr. William G. Verplanck, and several 
 
other ushers* to the grand stand, the Chairman and Vice-Presi- 
 dent Stevenson leading the way. Others who occupied seats on 
 the platform were : Admiral Benham, U. S. N., Mayor Gilroy, the 
 President of the Board of Park Commissioners, and the officers of 
 the Spanish ship of war Nautilus, then in New York Harbor. 
 
 * The other ushers, all members of the New York Genealogical and Bio- 
 graphical Society, were Messrs. Gill)ert S. Coddington, Richard H. Greene, Alfred 
 R. Coukling, Edmund Abdy Hui-ry, Hemy T. Dro^^Tie, Theodore Sutro, Thomas 
 G. Evans, John V. L. Pruj-n, Richard T. Greene, and Clarence W. Bowen. 
 
 The following progi'amme was distributed to the guests on the 
 platform and to the audience generally. 
 
PEESENTATION BY CITIZENS OF NEW YORK 
 
 OF 
 
 SunoPs Bronze Statue of 
 
 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS 
 
 THE MALL, CENTRAL PARK 
 
 Saturday, May 12, 1894, at 3 o'clock p. m. 
 
 COMMITTEE OP ARRANGEMENTS 
 
 JAMES GRANT WILSON, Chairman 
 
 CORNELIUS VANDERBILT HENRY G. MARQTJAND 
 
 WILLIAM WALDORF ASTOR 
 
 WILLIAM R. GRACE JAMES J. GOODWIN THOMAS L. JAMES 
 
 CHARLES F. COX 
 
 PR00RA3^IME 
 
 I. General Wilson, President of the New York Genealogical and Biographical 
 Society, wUl take the Chair as presiding officer. 
 
 II. Prayer, by Dr. Henry C. Potter, Bishop of New York. 
 
 III. The Vice-President of the United States will unveil the Statue and present 
 
 it, on behalf of the subscribers, to the City of New York. 
 
 IV. Acceptance of the Statue and Response, by His Honor the Mayor of the 
 
 City. 
 V. A Letter from the Duke of Veragua, the descendant of Columbus, will be 
 read by Cornelius VanderbOt, Esq. 
 
 VI. Address, by Baron de Fava, Ambassador from Italy. 
 VII. Poem, "A Mariner's Dream," by Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. 
 VIII. Address, by Senor Don Muruaga, Minister from Spain. 
 IX. Oration, by the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. 
 
 6 
 
Promi>tly at three o'clock, Greneral Wilson called the meeting 
 to order, and after briefly eongi-atulating all present upon the au- 
 spicious afternoon, and upon the magnificent audience assembled 
 in the American metropolis, to do honor to the memory of the 
 illustrious Discoverer of the New World, he introduced Dr. Henry 
 C. Potter, Bishop of New York, who delivered a lengthy invoca- 
 tion, concluding with the Lord's Prayer, which many present 
 joined in repeating. 
 
 The Chairman then said : 
 
 " More than a decade has passed since an American, strolling 
 through the Prado of Madrid, came unexpectedly upon a superb 
 marble statue of the ' world-seeking Genoese,' and he then and 
 there resolved to have a bronze statue of Columbus, from the 
 same skilful and cunning hand, set up in the Central Park. A few 
 days later, when the traveler was a guest in the magnificent 
 Madrid Palace, so much admired by the great Napoleon, the 
 American mentioned his purpose to the ruler of the country, who 
 said : ' Columbus should ever be an enduring bond between Spain 
 and the United States,' and who promised to come to New York 
 during the summer of 1892 with an imposing and powerful 
 Spanish sqiiadron and unveil the statue. 
 
 "Alas, the young King has for several years slept with many 
 generations of his royal ancestors in the vast and gloomy burial- 
 place known as the Monastery of the Escorial, Dui'ing the past 
 year, as many present will remember, the Duke of Veragua, with 
 his family, visited the United States as the nation's guest. While 
 in this country, the Duke accepted our committee's invitation to 
 unveil the statue of his illustrious ancestor, but a mishap to the 
 steamship delayed its arrival until too late a day for the Duke to 
 perform the duty befoi'e returning to Spain, but not too late for 
 him to see it and to express his unqualified admiration for the 
 artistic merits of Suhol's statue, which is an original work cast 
 
from a new and improved model of the Madrid counterfeit pre- 
 sentment of the illustrious discoverer. 
 
 " The pleasant duty which neither the Spanish Monarch nor the 
 Spanish Duke had the privilege of performing, now devolves upon 
 our esteemed fellow-citizen, the Hon. Adlai E. Stevenson, of 
 Illinois, Vice-President of the United States. I have the pleasure 
 of presenting Mr. Stevenson, who will now unveil the statue and 
 present it, on behalf of the subscribers, to the City of New York." 
 
 Vice-President Stevenson's remarks were as follows : 
 
 " No words of mine can add to the interest or the dignity of 
 this great occasion. This hour will live in history. From elo- 
 quent lips have fallen burning words, which will tell to coming 
 ages of the homage paid here, and now, to the memory of the 
 discoverer of a continent. Central Park — beautiful and mag- 
 nificent — is a fit place for the statue of Columbus. It is well 
 that to the City of New York — the metropolis of the continent — 
 should have fallen the grateful task of porti'aying to the millions 
 of all the coming ages the features of the man who, despite 
 obstacle and danger, marked out the pathway to the New World. 
 The name and fame of Columbus belong exclusively to no age or 
 country. They are the enduring heritage of all people. Your 
 President has truly said : ' In all the transactions of history there 
 is no act which for vastness and performance can be compared to 
 the discovery of the continent of America.'* In the modest 
 words of the great navigator, he ' only opened the gates,' and lo ! 
 there came in the builders of a new and mighty nation. 
 
 " It is said that in Venice there is sacredly preserved a letter 
 written by Columbus a few hours before he sailed from Palos. 
 With reverent expression of trust in God — humbly, but with un- 
 faltering faith — he spoke of his 'pm-posed voyage to that famous 
 land.' He builded wiser than he knew. His dream, while a 
 
 * "Memorials and Footprints of Columbus." An address by Gen. Jas. Grant 
 Wilson, President of the New York Genealogical and BiograpMcal Society. New 
 York, 1888. 
 
suppliant in the antechamber of kings and while keeping lonely 
 vigil upon the deep, was the discovery of a new pathway to the 
 Indies. Yet who can doubt that to his prophetic soul was then 
 foreshadowed something of that famous land with the warp and 
 woof of whose history, tradition, and song his name and fame are 
 linked for all time. Was it Mr. Winthrop who said of Columbus 
 and his compeers, ' They were the jjioneers in the march to inde- 
 pendence, the precursors in the only progress of freedom whicTi 
 was to have no backward step'? 
 
 " Is it too much to say of this man that among the world's 
 benefactors a greater than he hath not appeared f What page in 
 all history tells of deeds so fraught with blessings to the genera- 
 tions of men as the discovery of America ? Columbus added a 
 continent to the map of the world. I will not detain you longer. 
 Your eyes will now behold this splendid work of art. It is well 
 that its approaches are firm and broad, for along this pathway, 
 with the rolling centuries, will come as pilgrims to a shrine the 
 myriads of all lands to behold this bronze statue of Columbus — 
 this endui'ing and beautiful monument to the gratitude of a great 
 city of a great nation." 
 
 When the enthusiastic cheering which greeted the Vice-Presi- 
 dent's remarks and the first view of the magnificent statue, which 
 had been shrouded in an immense American flag, had subsided, 
 the Chairman presented the Mayor of the city, who said : " On be- 
 half of the City of New York, I accept with pleasure and gratitude 
 the trust just reposed in me. It is proper that the deeds of 
 heroes should be remembered, and among heroes Christopher 
 Columbus stands high. He opened a new continent, in which a 
 sturdy race has gi'own up and is spreading the seeds of liberty 
 and civilization over the face of the globe." 
 
 General Wilson then introduced Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a 
 member of the Committee of Arrangements, who read the follow- 
 ing letters from the Duke of Veragua and the Hon. Robert C. 
 
Winthrop, of Massachusetts, whose eighty-fifth birthday, the 
 Chairman announced, occurs this very day. Mr. Vanderbilt also 
 read a letter from the Governor of the State, expressing his 
 regret that important engagements prevented his being present. 
 
 Madeid, 15 April, 1894. 
 
 My dear General: On the occasion of the unveiling of the 
 statue of Columbus, I beg you to express my greetings to the City 
 of New York and to all American citizens who are assembled to 
 pay a new tribute of respect to the memory of my illustrious 
 ancestor. I regi'et that I am unable to assist personally in the 
 ceremonial, but I wish to state at this moment my gratefulness to 
 America, which the great distance that separates me from your 
 wonderful country cannot make me forget. 
 
 You have just erected a work of art of the sculptor Sunol, who 
 has, better than any other of his profession, reproduced in marble 
 and bronze the inspired features of the man whose genius dis- 
 covered a continent greater than the rest of the then known 
 world. Spain prides herself on artists like Sunol. Allow me to 
 thank you, both as a Spaniard and as a descendant of Columbus. 
 Also I beg, dear General, to congratulate you upon the interest 
 that you have taken in the matter, which has so greatly con- 
 tributed to its success. 
 
 The Duchess sends her kindest regards. Believe me, sincerely 
 your friend, Veragua. 
 
 Generaij Grant Wilson. 
 
 90 Marlborough Street. 
 Boston, Mass., 2 May, 1894. 
 Gen. Jas. Grant Wilson, Chairman. 
 
 My dear Sir: Let me offer, without further delay, my best 
 thanks to the Committee of Ai'rangements and to the New York 
 Genealogical and Biographical Society for their obliging invita- 
 
 10 
 
tion to the interesting ceremonial of the 12th inst. It would 
 afford me sincere pleasure to witness the unveiling of the statue 
 of Columbus in your beautiful Central Park by the Vice-President 
 of the United States. But age and infirmities constrain me to 
 deny myself to such occasions, and I can only return my grateful 
 acknowledgment of so kind an invitation. Believe me, my dear 
 General, Yours very truly, 
 
 Robert C. Wintheop. 
 
 Baeon de Fava, the Italian Ambassador, was then introduced, 
 and said : 
 
 "It has been my good fortune to follow the celebration of 
 Columbus, from its beginning to this day. I have been present 
 at Genoa, New York, and Chicago. I have seen two beautiful 
 works of art I'ise in this city in honor of Columbi^s. One has 
 been erected by the Italian residents of New York, and is the 
 work of an eminent artist. This statue, the unveiling of which I 
 have been so kindly asked to witness, shows plainly that the love 
 of art stands as high in America as the love of Columbus. Now, as 
 on former occasions, what impresses me deeply is the current of 
 sympathy, the bond of friendship, the memory of this immortal 
 man has created between the Old and the New World. They have 
 said to each other on this solemn occasion : ' We must be friends 
 forever ; our history, our glorious past, and oui- futm-e prosperity 
 command it.'" 
 
 11 
 
" The Mariner's Dream," a poem written for the occasion by- 
 Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, a native of New York, as General Wilson 
 announced in introducing her, then followed : 
 
 WHERE shall we find the golden key 
 That opes to peace and liberty? 
 The earth is full of gi'ievous wars, 
 The soldier's tread her beauty mars, 
 The captive's chains are fast and locked, 
 The poor man by the rich man mocked. 
 The promise of the Christ we hear. 
 But who shall bring fulfilment near! 
 
 A dream came to a sailor bold, 
 A happy dream of good untold ; 
 And a little bird sang: "Follow me 
 Westward, over the unknown sea. 
 A star shall lead thy chosen band. 
 And bring thy slender craft to land. 
 Beyond the waters thou shalt find 
 Eegions of splendor unconfined. 
 Where giant rivers fruitful flow, 
 Where birds of tropic plumage glow, 
 Where the old treasures of thy race 
 Shall grow and multiply apace. 
 And ancient Rule renew its health 
 In a new glorious commonwealth." 
 
 The dreamer waking, bowed his head. 
 And on the wondrous errand sped. 
 
 12 
 
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With pleading rare lie wrung the gold 
 From hands reluctant to unfold, 
 And loosing from old Europe's shore 
 Sailed westward, westward evermore. 
 
 "I hear a message in the breeze. 
 Whispered from forests of strange trees, 
 From depths of greenery unexplored. 
 Where sounded ne'er the Christian word. 
 I may not feed on light-earned bread. 
 Nor on soft pillow rest my head. 
 For still my wondering thoughts obey 
 The mystic voice that calls away. 
 
 "Ev'n when I sate the hearth beside 
 With my child's mother, gentle-eyed. 
 Listening the urchin's prattle sweet. 
 Guiding with love his tiny feet. 
 His steps uncertain seemed to show 
 The distant way that mine should go, 
 The pilgrimage appointed me, 
 In some compelling prophecy. 
 
 " Oh ! if, the weltering waters o'er. 
 My bark might reach that unknown shore. 
 From that deep forest pluck its fruit. 
 Waken the echoes dull and mute. 
 And open to the tropic's breath 
 The blazoned banner of our faith ! 
 
 " What though the way be long to find 
 Traced dimly in my laboring mind ; 
 Though wild impatience seize my crew. 
 Distrustful of the venture new. 
 
 13 
 
Should all mankind against me turn, 
 The haven gained, my wage should earn. 
 The yet undowered Future claim 
 Earth's noblest conquest in my name." 
 
 Oh, man of visions, sorely vexed ! 
 Denied, deserted, and perplexed ; 
 Shamed by rebuke from royal lips, 
 And Fame and Fortune's sad eclipse, 
 Thy furrow traced across the sea 
 The unseen path of destiny. 
 In thy firm hand the steadfast helm 
 Steered onward to the magic realm. 
 And now from out the centuries' maze 
 Millions of voices sing thy praise. 
 And hail those conquering footsteps trod, 
 Inspired of angels, led by God. 
 
 Here gather we in Gotham town, 
 Of all oui" western world the crown, 
 While ladies fair and gallants gay 
 Unite to celebrate the day. 
 But while we list the high discourse 
 And while the Pasan has its course, 
 Let Faith re-consecrate this form, 
 Adventured once 'gainst sea and storm. 
 
 For 't was this hand that held the key, 
 Unlocking Peace and Liberty. 
 When all we have and all we are 
 Hung on the guidance of a star. 
 And on the answer, dimly guessed 
 In one resolved, responsive breast. 
 
At the conclusiou of the reading of Mrs. Howe's poem, which 
 was highly applauded, the aunouucemeut was made by the Chair- 
 mau, that Seuor Don Muruaga, the Spanish Minister, who had 
 come from Washington to attend the ceremonial, was by a sudden 
 attack of illness confined to his rooms at the Plaza Hotel, and was 
 therefore unfortunately prevented from being present. In his 
 absence, he was represented by the Cousul-General of Spain, 
 Senor Arturo Baldasano, who read the brief address prepared by 
 the Spanish Minister, which was as follows : 
 
 " It becomes the representative of Spain, the country which 
 was the prime promoter of the discovery of America, to address 
 on this occasion the people of this great metropolis and of the 
 United States in a spirit of friendship and good will. It is more- 
 over particularly gratifying to the Spanish Grovernment to behold 
 the Vice-President of the United States, General Grant Wilson, 
 organizer of this successful enterprise, and Mr. Chauncey M. 
 Depew, the genial and popular orator of New York, raising their 
 eloquent voices to honor the memory of Columbus. The mind 
 hesitates, and feels bewildered, considering the possibilities that 
 might have arisen in the old European countries, struggling with 
 the unknown and as yet uncontrollable problems of labor and 
 capital, over-population and over-production, had this vast con- 
 tinent not been thrown wide open to the partizans of free thought 
 and free government. Let this well-deserved statue of Columbus 
 remind future generations that every man, however exalted his 
 position may be, must contribute with his share of labor and 
 worry to the public welfare." 
 
 Me. Depew, the orator of the day, was then presented by General 
 Wilson, and delivered the following admirable address, which was 
 listened to with the greatest attention, and was very generally 
 accepted as among the most successful of Mr. Depew's many 
 oratorical efforts of the past twenty years. 
 
MR. DEPEW'S SPEECH. 
 
 NEW YORK can add notbiug to the glory of Columbus, but 
 slie may enforce the lesson of his life and discovery. The 
 fire kindled by him on a little island of the Western Hemisphere, 
 amid the darkness of the fifteenth century, has become the flame 
 which illumines the nineteenth with light and liberty. Seed-time 
 and harvest have their soil and seasons with humanity as with 
 the earth. In all ages and among all races, the winds and the 
 waves have borne the kernels of truth, and they have been lost 
 on the rocks and in the waters. There were patriots before Run- 
 nymede, but their blood fertilized that field for Magna Charta. 
 Patriots had labored and died in vain before the Declaration of 
 Independence in 1776. German Federation had been a Teutonic 
 di-eam for two thousand years before Bismarck. Italian unity 
 was the hope of Italy for centuries before Garibaldi, Mazzini, 
 and Cavour. The French Republic was the effort and aspiration 
 of the best thinkers and boldest actors of France for a hundred 
 years before Thiers and Gambetta. The Viking sailed along the 
 coast of North America, and planted colonies upon its shores five 
 hundred years before Columbus. But the time was not ripe, and 
 the people of Europe were not prepared for America and its 
 opportunities. 
 
 The brilliant and liberal reign of Lorenzo the Magnificent at 
 Florence, which closed as Columbus sailed from Palos, had stimu- 
 lated commerce, ai"t, and learning. It had both awakened and 
 opened the mind in every country on the continent. The literary 
 treasures of the great library of the Vatican were placed at the 
 disposal of scholai's, and the re\'ival of learning was a marked 
 feature of the period. The expulsion of the Moslems from Spain 
 had relieved Europe of the strain of warring creeds. Intense 
 
intellectual activity was breaking the bonds of the Middle Ages 
 and i^reparing the way for independent thought and discovery. 
 The statesmanship and the guile of Louis XI. in France, and 
 the concentration of power in Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain, 
 had broken down feudalism and centralized authority. The road 
 from the dismantled castles of the Barons to the royal palace, 
 and from the royal palace to the representative assembly of the 
 people, became the highway of liberty. These wonderful and 
 revolutionary events were, for a time, the blessings only of the 
 favored few, the great and the learned. 
 
 [At this point in his oration, the speaker saw that something was amusing his 
 audience. Tlie sun had by this time gotten well down in the west, and shone full 
 in Mr. Depew's face. General Howard stood by his side and tried to shield him 
 with an umbrella, but could uot do it without liiding Mr. Depew from the people. 
 General Howard gave it up amid the laughter of the crowd, and General Wilson 
 took the umbrella, but met with no better success. Seiior Baldasano then tried 
 his hand, and managed to thrtiw a little shadow on Mr. Depew's left ear and a 
 comer of his forehead. The orator of the day laughed as heartily as any of his 
 auditors during the performance of this little comedy, and when quiet was re- 
 stored said : 
 
 ^'Ladies and Gentlemen : This is not the first time an attempt has been made to 
 eclipse me. That famous soldier, General Howard, has tried it and was forced 
 to give it up ; General WOson, who brought this statue over under his arm, and 
 who never failed in anything that he has undertaken heretofore, could n't do it, 
 but now," turning and bowing to Seflor Baldasano, "I stand under the shadow 
 of Spain."] 
 
 It was reserved uot for kings or nobles or the mighty of earth 
 to utilize the past and present for the uplifting of the masses of 
 mankind. We may say reverently. As Christianity came for us 
 through the son of a carpenter, so the invention which opened the 
 way for Christianizing the world was wrought out by a humble 
 artisan of Mayence. The significance of types and the prophecy 
 of their use were made clear in the selection of the Bible as their 
 first work. The printing-press of Gutenberg aud the invention 
 of paper, which had preceded it only a few years, were the levers 
 aud the levelers of the future. By bringing education within the 
 
 17 
 
reach of all, they elevated the people to the understanding and 
 pi'actice of liberty; and equal opportunity and rights battered 
 down privilege and caste. 
 
 Incidents, which to the pious are special pro\ndences, and to 
 others tritling accidents, have often altered the course of histoiy. 
 The marriage of Isabella with Ferdinand enabled a liberal and 
 generous mind to influence a bigoted and miserly one for the 
 venture, certainly rash, perhaps blasphemous, into the unknown 
 West, and made possible the voyage of Columbus. A hungry boy 
 stopped his proud and mendicant father at the door of the Convent 
 of La Rabida, to meet there in the person of the Prior, the en- 
 lightened and learned Father Juan Perez, the Confessor of the 
 Queen, the only man living who had both the breadth and inde- 
 pendence to understand and believe in the plans of the great 
 navigator and also the confidence of her Majesty. It was a flight 
 of bu'ds which changed the course of the Santa Maria and her 
 consorts, and gave South America to Spain and Portugal, and the 
 dominant power on the northern continent to the Saxon race. 
 Thus, the United States, as distinguished from the Spanish Re- 
 publics and the Portuguese Empire and subsequent Republic of 
 Brazil, is apparently an accident of an accident. It is really the 
 result of climate and conditions suited to the development of that 
 resistless strain in the blood which circles the globe with its con- 
 quests, and, blended with Teuton and Celt, with Latin and Scandi- 
 navian, increases the j^ower and the promise of our country. 
 
 Ferdinand was a tj^^ical representative of his times. We must 
 judge the men of every period by their standards, not ours. Only 
 fools are offended at criticisms of the State or Church of the dark 
 ages, and only the ignorant claim that either was so abreast with 
 the thought or education of to-day that their substitution for 
 present conditions would receive now either welcome or hospital- 
 ity. The King believed the torture chamber better than courts of 
 justice. He knew of no law which was superior to his autocratic 
 will. He was frugal to meanness and devoid of generosity or 
 integi-ity. He laughed at Columbus when the great navigator 
 
was pleading for the ships to find for him an empire, and he 
 cheated the dying hero of the rewards he promised and the honors 
 he had pledged when the empire was won. To Isabella had been 
 wafted across space a breath of the purer air of the nineteenth 
 century. When we consider what she was, in spite of the almost 
 insuffei'able barriers of her environment, a sweet and mighty 
 spirit seems to have escaped from the bondage of the age, and in 
 the beautiful presence of the Queen inspired the soul of a saint 
 and prophetess. She gave her jewels for the fleet, and with un- 
 dimmed faith waited for the return, which ended in triumphal pro- 
 cessions and royal greetings. She struck the shackles from the 
 Indian slaves which were brought her as part of the booty of the 
 New World, and issued stern decrees against cruelty and lust ; but 
 they were nullified by her untimely death, and myriads of innocent 
 men, women, and children were consigned to nameless horrors and 
 final extermination. This favored land recognizes its obligations 
 to its benefactress in granting to woman privileges and oppor- 
 tunities unknown in other countries. It gives to her independence 
 and control in her property. It opens for her the academy and 
 the university, and it yields to her a precedence and power, at 
 home and in society, which puts within her grasp the substance 
 of rights which, in the boasted age of chivalry, were only a flow- 
 ery and pretentious sham. 
 
 Columbus was of that rare type of genius which belongs to no 
 age, and rises above the errors, or superstitions, or ignorance of 
 his period. While most of the learned, and all the unlearned, be- 
 lieved the earth to be flat, he boldly proclaimed its sphericity; 
 while the same overwhelming majority feared the monsters of the 
 deep, who were waiting beyond the western horizon to devour the 
 daring and saciilegious mariners and destroy their ships, he saw 
 on the other side of the unknown sea limitless empire for his 
 sovereigns, and myriads of souls for the saving offices of his 
 Church. He had sailed to the farthest limits of the discoveries of 
 the times. He had investigated with unprejudiced and unclouded 
 mind the evidences cast up from the ocean of other lands and 
 
 19 
 
strange peoples. As sailor, privateer, and pirate, he had experi- 
 enced the dangers of hostile elements and armed enemies. As 
 geographer and mapmaker, he had absorbed all the teachings of 
 the past, and boldly placed upon his maps the new continent, with 
 its untold wealth of gold and precious stones, and its unequaled 
 opportunities for the power and greatness of the throne, which 
 would grant him the facilities of his voyage. The conquest of 
 Grenada and the expulsion of the Moors from Spain seemed to the 
 statesmen of Europe an event of transcendent importance, but 
 to this superb enthusiast it was a local affair which delayed the 
 plans for the capture of a continent. 
 
 The spiritual and temporal power, the pomp and pageantry of 
 Castile and Aragon, formed an array unequaled in the brilliancy 
 of its King and Queen, its prelates and statesmen, its philosophers 
 and soldiers, and in the splendor of their equipment, to receive 
 from Boabdil the keys of his capital, and the capitulation of his 
 kingdom. The enthusiasm of the hour lifted the Spanish hosts to 
 heavenly ecstasy, all save one. This proud pauper, the royal pur- 
 ple of his imagination giving dignity to his rags and majesty to 
 his mien, looked coldly upon the splendid spectacle. To the man 
 who had waited for years, because he would accept no other terms 
 with his fleet than the Admiralty of the Ocean, the Viceroyalty 
 of the Indies, and one tenth the revenues of the Western Hemi- 
 sphere, the martial field before him was only a skirmish on the 
 battle-line of the universe. 
 
 The faults of Columbus were the results of the civilization and 
 conditions of his times, from which no man is great enough to 
 wholly escape; but his faith was his own. After the lapse of four 
 hundred years it is as impressive to us as it was potent with his 
 contemporaries. It gave immortality to the humble Convent of 
 La Rabida and its noble prior. It clarified the atmosphere and 
 dispelled the darkness about Isabella, so that she could grasp the 
 great truth. It calmed the fears and quelled the mutiny of the 
 crew, and found its reward in the glimmering light on San Sal- 
 vador, which for the sailors meant land at last, and for the Ad- 
 
 20 
 
miral the New "World of which he had dreamed, for which he had 
 suffered, and now, after discouragements and perils innumerable, 
 had discovered. 
 
 In 1492 was issued the cruel edict which confiscated the prop- 
 erty of hundreds and thousands of Jews and then expelled them 
 from Spain. In the same year the same sovereigns equipped the 
 fleet of Columbus for its immortal voyage. The unhappy and un- 
 fortunate Hebrews were landed upon the shores of Asia and 
 Africa, but nowhere did they receive either welcome or hospital- 
 ity. The little ships of Columbus as they sailed out of the harbor 
 of Palos passed the great war-vessels which were carrying these 
 captive Israelites from their homes. The royal frigates were bear- 
 ing them to fresh horrors and persecutions, but the weak and 
 deckless caravels of the discoverer were, unknown to sovereign or 
 servant, guided by Divine Providence to the land where all creeds 
 and all races should dwell in the harmony of equal rights, and 
 unite in contributing to the power and glory of a government of 
 organized liberty. 
 
 The inspiring dream of Columbus was to utilize the treasvires 
 of the New World for the redemption from the infidel of the holy 
 sepulcher at Jerusalem. He believed that by virtue of his name, 
 Christopher, he was carrying Christ across the sea to the heathen. 
 The lust for gold made his followers profane the name of the 
 Prince of Peace with such outrages and cruelties, such torturings 
 and massacres of the confiding aborigines, as caused even the 
 fifteenth century to shudder. He died, with his dream of the 
 rescue of the tombs of the Saviour still a vision. He little knew, as 
 he lay helpless amidst the ruin of his hopes, that though he had lost 
 an empty grave, he had found a perpetual asylum for conscience. 
 He could not foresee that, while in their savage greed those with 
 him and those who came after gave to the Indians not the light 
 of truth, but consigned them to the flames, and brought to them 
 not the gospel of love, but feU upon them with sword and spear, 
 yet the country he discovered would be the bulwark and hope of 
 the Church. 
 
The Pilgi-im Fathers fled from persecution iu England to re- 
 ligious liberty in Massachusetts. The Highlanders who fought 
 for Prince Charles Edward Stuart found refuge in North Caro- 
 
 lina. The Quakers to be free from their tormentors sailed to 
 Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and they received there with open 
 arms the Germans driven from the Palatinate by Louis the Four- 
 
 22 
 
teenth. The Huguenots escaping from France after the revocation 
 of the Edict of Nantes built happy homes on the Hudson and 
 under the shelter of the groves of South Carolina. Oglethorpe led 
 the Teutons seeking an opportunity to worship God according to 
 their lights from Salzburg to Georgia. Irishmen, saved from the 
 merciless conquests of Cromwell, scattered all over the land to 
 consecrate their altars and enjoj^ in safety their religion. Dutch 
 Protestants came to New York, Swedish Protestants to Delaware, 
 English Catholics to Maryland, and the English Church Cavaliers 
 to Virginia. The best contribution of Columbus to future gener- 
 ations was a continent for the cultivation of civil and religious 
 liberty. A State built upon the individual, and not upon classes 
 or creeds, is the source and strength of American freedom. 
 
 It was the supreme good fortune of the United States that for 
 its first settlers the conditions of existence were labor, temperance, 
 and thrift. The hostile savages, the rigors of the climate, the 
 virgin forests, and the resisting soil, demanded the indomitable 
 energy and dauntless corn-age which fashion heroes and patriots. 
 Had there been gold-mines in New England, New York, and 
 Virginia, to excite the cupidity of kings and tempt the adventurers 
 of Europe, and to demoralize the inhabitants of the colonies and 
 take them from their homes and their churches to the feverish 
 excitement of mining-camps, there would have been little per- 
 manent settlement or public sentiment. The farms on the bleak 
 hillsides of Connecticut and Massachusetts, in the Mohawk Valley, 
 along the Delaware and on the James, were fountains of national 
 virtue and springs of free thought and free speech. It was the 
 training and experience of necessity which opened the avenues of 
 opportunity for the people of North America. It enabled the 
 " embattled farmer " at Concord and Lexington to face the vet- 
 erans of European battle-fields. It nerved the members of the 
 Continental Congress to brave the terrors of treason, and confis- 
 cation, and death, by their bold and clear signatures to the Declar- 
 ation of Independence. It reared and trained a race who could 
 rescind slaveiy though it was interwoven with their political 
 
system from foundation to turret, and after bloody battles between 
 those who upheld the one side and those who favored the other, 
 could reunite to labor harmoniously for the welfare and strength 
 of the purified republic. 
 
 The Columbian idea of discovery was to find a land where gold 
 could be mined from exhaustless stores, a land flowing with rivers 
 of diamonds and precious stones. Limitless wealth, easily ac- 
 quired, was to enrich, beyond the dreams of avarice, the sovereigns 
 and people of Spain. He had no conception of the adventurous 
 pioneer and thrifty emigi-ant. The bell-crowned Pilgiims, landing 
 on Plymouth Rock in midwinter with no other purpose than to 
 found a State for the enjoyment by all of just and equal laws, 
 would have aroused his wonder and contempt. The imagination 
 cannot picture his amazement coiild he have foreseen the marvel- 
 ous results of the Mayflower''s voyage. The wealth poured in such 
 abundant measure from the mines of the New World into the 
 treasury of Spain was a potent factor in the fall of her power 
 and prestige in Europe. 
 
 The founders of our republic welcomed with cordial hospitality 
 all who came to escape from oppression or better their condition. 
 The immigi-ants who accepted the invitation and landed by 
 millions on our shores brought the qualities and pui-poses which 
 have added incalculably to the wealth and glory of our country. 
 While South America and Mexico were demoralizing Europe with 
 gold and silver, Europe was contributing to the United States her 
 fai-mers and artisans to gather from the fruitful earth and pro- 
 duce in the busy factory an annual and ever-increasing volume of 
 wealth ; wealth which enriches, but does not enervate, which 
 stimulates invention, promotes progress, founds institutions of 
 learning, builds homes for the many, and increases the happiness 
 of all. Four centuries separate us from Columbus. Within this 
 period more has been accomplished for humanity than in the four 
 thousand years which preceded him. 
 
 We are here to erect this statue to his memory, because of the 
 unnumbered blessings to America and to the people of every race 
 
and clime which have followed his discovery. His genius and 
 faith gave to succeeding generations the opportunity for life and 
 liberty. We, the heirs of all the ages, in the plenitude of our en- 
 joyments and the prodigality of the favors showered upon us, 
 hail Columbus: Hero and benefactor! 
 
 ¥ 
 
 At the close of Mr. Depew's address there was prolonged 
 applaiise, when General Wilson advanced to the front of the plat- 
 form and said that the ceremonies were at an end. Then the 
 people gathered about the base of the statue and passed around it 
 to view its beauty. The polished New England granite pedestal 
 bears on its front in large gilt letters the name " Columbus," and 
 on the back, " Presented by citizens of New York, In Commemo- 
 ration of the Four Hundredth Anniversary of the Discovery of the 
 New World, October, 1492." For a description of Sunol's statue, 
 readers are referred to the concluding article from " The Art Intei- 
 chauge," which appears on another page. 
 
 The proceedings connected with the ceremonial of unveiling 
 the Columbus statue were very appropriately concluded by a 
 pleasant dinner-party in the evening, given by ex-Mayor and 
 Mrs. William H. Grace at their residence, No. 31 East Seventy-ninth 
 street, at which the principal guests were Vice-President and Mrs. 
 Stevenson,Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, General and Mrs. Grant Wil- 
 son, Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, Commodore Van Santvoord, Arturo 
 Baldasano, Consul-General of Spain, and Hon. Thomas L. James. 
 The Italian Ambassador and the Baroness de Fava were com- 
 pelled by an important engagement to return to Washington the 
 same evening ; and the Spanish Minister, Senor Muruaga, was pre- 
 vented by illness from being present. 
 
The gift to the people of New York City of a spirited bronze 
 statue of Christopher Columbus for the adornment of Central 
 Park is a patriotic and altogether praiseworthy deed. The one 
 hundred and fifty gentlemen who contributed their efforts and 
 their money for the accomplishment of this gi-acef ul purpose are 
 indeed public-spirited. To them and to General James Grant 
 Wilson, who conceived the idea of reproducing in Central Park 
 for the enjoyment of the American public the beautiful statue 
 which he admired in Madi'id, and who pushed his pui'pose to suc- 
 cess, are due the thanks of all. Sunol's Columbus is deserving of 
 the important site it occupies at the entrance to the Mall as much 
 on account of the healthful public spirit that prompted the gift 
 as on account of its intrinsic beauty. — New York Herald. 
 
 New York has reason for satisfaction that at last she has 
 what, to her shame as the chief city of the American continent, 
 she long lacked, a creditable statue of Columbus. The presentation 
 to the city by the Italian residents of the monument at Eighth 
 Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street was followed yesterday by the 
 unveiling on the Mall in Central Park of the Sunol statue of the 
 discoverer, which is similar to the famous work by the same 
 sculptor in the Prado at Madrid. The site chosen is one of the 
 finest in the park, and testifies to the high appreciation of the 
 gift by our city. The statue itself does credit to the location, and 
 with the Shakespeare and Indian Hunter near by will form an ex- 
 ceedingly effective gi'oup. The ceremonies yesterday afternoon 
 were of an unusually interesting character ; for, in addition to the 
 parts taken by the Vice-President, Bishop Potter, Mr. Depew, and 
 others, there were addi'esses by the representatives of Italy and 
 Spain, the two nations most closely associated in our minds with 
 Columbus ; and a poem by Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, whose singing 
 for freedom has been no less effective than others' fighting. — New 
 York Tribune. 
 
General Grant Wilson, the distinguished soldier and author, 
 strolling one day through the Prado, in Madrid, paused before a 
 marble statue of Columbus, the beauty of which called forth his 
 profound admiration. It was the work of Senor Jeronimo Suiiol, 
 a sculptor whose fame is by no means confined to the Spanish 
 capital. In the few moments that followed, the General resolved 
 that of so fine a representation of the great discoverer there ought 
 to be a replica in America, owned by the Americans. That reso- 
 lution has been carried out, and New York is soon to be the 
 possessor of a statue of Columbus than wliich there is probably 
 none finer in the world. Upon his return here, General Wilson 
 laid his plans before a number of prominent New Yorkers, includ- 
 ing Mr. Cornelius Vauderbilt, Mr. August Belmont, and Mr. William 
 Waldorf Astor, and enlisted their hearty interest as well as secured 
 their moneyed subscriptions. The fifteen thousand dollars which 
 was 23aid for the statue and pedestal was made up by one-hundi-ed- 
 doUar subscriptions, several ladies being among the subscribers. 
 
 Having raised the necessary funds, the General ordered the 
 replica. The artist, Suiiol, flattered by this veiy practical appre- 
 ciation of his work, i-esponded, not with a replica, biit with an 
 entirely new model, which in artistic finish was soon discovered 
 to transcend even the original. This was two years ago. Since 
 then the statue had been cast, and is now in this city. Though 
 not yet on public exhibition, through the courtesy of General 
 Wilson, "The Art Interchange" is permitted to reproduce it. The 
 statue is of heroic size, and represents Columbus at " The Land- 
 ing," in the act of retm-ning thanks to God. He wears the famous 
 coat of scarlet, deep-edged with ermine. Around his neck is a 
 heavy chain with a pendant containing the head of Isabella. The 
 right leg is in advance, the left leg drawn back and resting on the 
 toe. The right arm is thrown forward, the hand firmly grasping 
 the royal standard, while the other hand is outheld as if in blessing. 
 The head of Columbus here presented is the type most familiar. 
 Here is the smooth-shaven face, the high retreating brow, the long 
 hair caressing broad shoulders. Expression — that impalpable 
 
 27 
 
something by means of which genius tui'ns stone and metal into 
 flesh and blood — is here made to give the true effect. Here is 
 Columbus, the liviug man. This is a being, animated, whose 
 attitude expresses only one thing — gratitude. In the face there is 
 an intensity, an earnestness, which makes one forget that it is cold 
 bronze; for those open lips are actually muttering, those eyes 
 expressing, thankfulness. 
 
 In the figure, the artist with consummate skill shows the two 
 sides of the hero's life — the two distinct men which his career 
 compelled him to be. In the silvered locks flowing down from his 
 uncovered head, in the deep-set, uplifted eyes shining with a holy 
 light, in the sad and gentle lips, in the hand humbly outheld in 
 blessing, is the aged student, the scholar, the man of peace; 
 while in the undaunted determination that firm sets the features 
 in the massive neck and sturdy shoulders, in the force and strength 
 which the ponderous frame seems to be holding in reserve, is the 
 rough adventurer, the hardy and brawny navigator, the iron-willed 
 captain. The execution of the statue is indeed faithful. More 
 than once it reveals the magic touch of genius, and the whole is a 
 splendid specimen of what later-day Spaniards can do in plastic 
 art. Among the living sculptors of his native land Sunol has no 
 superior. 
 
 The statue was to have been unveiled last spring by the Duke 
 of Veragua, but on account of the delay in shipment and of the 
 breaking down of the vessel in transit, it did not arrive until just 
 before the Duke sailed — too late for him to officiate, as proposed. 
 However, the Duke saw the statue, and declared that it far excelled 
 even the beautiful original in his own country. The late King of 
 Spain, who entertained General "Wilson in that magnificent palace 
 at Madrid which the first Napoleon deemed the finest in Europe, 
 remarked to his guest, "Columbus should form an enduring bond 
 between Spain and the United States," and expressed very great 
 interest in the General's scheme, saying, " I should like to visit 
 New York and unveil the statue when it is completed." 
 
 The statue is to stand in the Mall in Central Park, opposite 
 
the statue of Shakespeare, and, by having a pedestal designed by- 
 Napoleon Le Brun, somewhat similar in size and material, the 
 two will harmonize. The ceremony of unveiling, which will be 
 an important event fraught with great public interest, is now fixed 
 for an early day in the coming spring, upon which occasion Mr. 
 Chauneey M. Depew will be the orator and Mrs. Julia Ward 
 Howe read a poem composed for the occasion. Mr. Stevenson, 
 Vice-President of the United States, is to be invited to unveil the 
 statue and deliver the address of presentation. As is usual in 
 such a project, its practical fulfilment falls entirely upon one man. 
 In this case the man is General Wilson, with whom the idea 
 originated, and to whom the credit is chiefly due for the under- 
 taking's great success. — The Art Interchange, February, 1894. 
 
 ¥ 
 
 29 
 
Among those who subscribed $100 each to pay for the statue 
 and pedestal are the following ladies and gentlemen : 
 
 D. Appleton & Co. 
 
 tJoHN Jacob Astor 
 William W. Astor 
 Samuel D. Babcock 
 Madame de Barrios 
 
 t August Belmont 
 George Bliss 
 George S. Bowdoin 
 
 fJAMES M. Brown 
 J. M. Ceballos 
 
 fGEORGE W. ChILDS 
 
 Charles F. Clark 
 
 Frederick A. Constable 
 fWiLLiAM W. Corcoran 
 
 Archbishop Corrigan 
 
 Charles F. Cox 
 
 John D. Crimmins 
 
 Chauncey M. Depew 
 t Squire P. Dewey 
 
 D. Stuart Dodge 
 
 Mrs. W. E. Dodge, Sr. 
 
 William E. Dodge 
 f Joseph W. Drexel 
 
 Stephen B. Elkins 
 fBENjAMiN H. Field 
 JHamilton Fish 
 
 John D. Flower 
 
 KoswELL P. Flower 
 
 Elbridge T. Gerry 
 
 Jajies J. Goodwin 
 fJAY Gould 
 
 William R. Grace 
 
 Walter S. Gurnee 
 
 George A. Hearn 
 fJoHN H. Hall 
 
 Mrs. Henry Herrman 
 
 Abram S. Hewitt 
 
 Alfred M. Hoyt 
 
 C. P. Huntington 
 Morris K. Jesup 
 
 D. Willis James 
 Thomas L. James 
 
 John D. Jones 
 
 George W. Kidd 
 
 John A. King 
 
 Charles Lanier 
 
 Napoleon Le Brun 
 t Robert J. Livingston 
 JAbiel a. Low 
 
 Henry G. Marquand 
 
 J. Pierpont Morgan 
 
 Darius O. Mills 
 
 Alfonso de Navarro 
 
 Antonio F. de Navarro 
 
 Jose F. de Navarro 
 
 Mrs. Jose F. de Navarro 
 
 Bishop H. C. Potter 
 fORLANDO B. Potter 
 
 John V. L. Pruyn 
 
 George W. Quintard 
 
 J. Meredith Read 
 
 WiLLIAil RHINELANDER 
 
 John D. Rockefeller 
 Mrs. Russell Sage 
 Russell Sage 
 William C. Schermerhorn 
 Jacob H. Shiff 
 Samuel Sloan 
 William D. Sloane 
 J. S. T. Stranahan 
 Charles L. Tiffany 
 Frederick D. Thompson 
 Mrs. Randolph W. Townsend 
 H. McK. Twombly 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt 
 Frederick W. Vanderbilt 
 George W. Vanderbilt 
 Egbert L. Viele 
 H. Walter Webb 
 William H. Webb 
 Jacob Wendell 
 William C. Whitney 
 James Grant Wilson 
 George G. Williams 
 
 t Deceased. 
 
 30 
 
1 i\A 
 
 W 
 

 
 
 
 
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