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 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
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 — ■ 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY; 
 
 OR,< 
 
 AVERY BRIEF SKETCH 
 
 OF 
 
 DR. HIRNSCHADEL'S 
 
 OLOGIES OF THE CRANION AND PHREN 
 
 PERFECTED BY THE 
 
 RATIO NALS. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED FOR JAMES DUNCAN, 
 
 PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 1824. 
 

 $■ 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Ologies of the Cranion and 
 Phretst, claim the distinguished 
 priority of being the last of all the 
 Ologies that have endeavoured to 
 extend the boundaries of the Em- 
 pire of Science. It is not the in- 
 tention of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ence- 
 phalology, to disturb that claim ; 
 although, if it be not the last in 
 point of origin, it is certainly the 
 last in point of divulgation. 
 
 It may be pertinently asked — " Is 
 " it not a contradiction to entitle 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 " this Tract, Dr. HirnschadeFs Olo- 
 " gies of the Cr anion and Phrenper- 
 u fected, 8fc, if that learned Doctor 
 " was neither the Author nor Pro- 
 " prietor of those Ologies V — I 
 must grant, that there is ground for 
 the question; but, in truth, this 
 title has only been devised in order 
 to apprize the scientific Reader at 
 the first glance, that he will find all 
 the numerous defects and errors of 
 those two Ologies rectified and per- 
 fected in the " Ology of the Ence- 
 "phalns and System of the Rationah" 
 of which he has hitherto been kept 
 in profound and unbecoming igno- 
 rance. 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 I shall not, here, inquire into the 
 causes which have conspired to ef- 
 fect that privation ; I shall content 
 myself with informing him, that, in 
 order to rescue him from an igno- 
 rance so injurious, I have with no 
 small pains compressed into the 
 present u Very Brief Sketch" from 
 sundry publications in the German 
 and Polish languages, a Summary 
 of Dr. Hirnschadel's Biography, by 
 the minute details of which alone 
 his Science can be adequately or 
 satisfactorily imparted. 
 
 For the separate use of those of 
 my fair readers who do not wear 
 blue stockings, I have subjoined a 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 small Glossary of such terms as 
 might occasion them embarrass- 
 ment in prosecuting the thread of 
 the scientific part of this History. 
 
 It now only remains for me to 
 congratulate all my readers, on 
 being at length put into possession 
 of the only article that remained, 
 to render quite complete the En- 
 cyclopedias of Edinburgh and Dr. 
 Rees. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 CHAP. I. BIRTH AND INFANCY OF ERNST 
 
 IIIRNSCHADEL 1 
 
 CHAP. II. REMARKABLE PARTICULARS OF 
 
 HIS CHILDHOOD..... 13 
 
 CHAP. III. HIS PUBERTY — ADOLESCENCE — 
 
 AND MANHOOD 29 
 
 CHAP. IV. HE LEAVES THE UNIVERSITY OF 
 FRANKFORT — HTS ELEMENTS OF 
 ENCEPHALOLOGY .. 40 
 
 CHAP. V. HE REDUCES HIS PRINCIPLES TO 
 
 PRACTICE — HIS HEJIRA 07 
 
 CHAP. VI. HE RETURNS TO SAXONY — DIS- 
 PLAYS HIS PRACTICE— PREPARES 
 TO DELIVER HIS LECTURES — BE- 
 COMES FIRST ACQUAINTED WITH 
 THE WORKS OF GALL AND SPURZ- ' 
 HEIM— HIS OBSERVATIONS UPON 
 THEM 84 
 
 CHAP. VII. HE PROCEEDS ON A JOURNEY OF EX- 
 PLORATION — PASSES THROUGH 
 LEIPSIG — ARRIVES AT PARIS. ... 113 
 
Vlll CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. HE ARRIVES INCOGNITO IN LON- 
 DON 125 
 
 CHAP. IX. HE PROCEEDS TO SCOTLAND— AND 
 IRELAND— QUITS DUBLIN TO RE- 
 TURN HOME 142 
 
 CHAP. X. HIS JOURNEY— ARRIVAL AT HIRN- 
 
 SCHADEL— OBITUARY 159 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY, 
 
 OB, 
 
 A VERY BRIEF SKETCH, 
 
 ETC. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 BIRTH AND INFANCY OF ERNST 
 HIRNSCHADEL. 
 
 Ernst Hirnschadel was born in the 
 Baronial Castle that crowns the little 
 village of that name, situated in the 
 forest of Sonnenburg in Upper Saxony, 
 and not far from the confluence of the 
 Warta and Oder. His father, Heinrich, 
 was the forty-second Baron, in direct 
 descent, of that most ancient Saxon 
 house; his mother, Theresa Haupt, was 
 the second daughter of a physician of 
 
 B 
 
2 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 eminent celebrity at Gorlitz, also of an 
 ancient family, and created a Baron of 
 the Holy Roman Empire. Their family 
 consisted of five children, three sons 
 and two daughters ; of whom, the eldest, 
 Ernst, so called after his maternal 
 grandfather, was born eleven months after 
 their marriage. As it is my intention to 
 exclude no details, however apparently 
 trifling, from a biography whose interest 
 will be found to commence almost with 
 existence, I shall not conceal from the 
 reader the assurances of the most re- 
 spectable inhabitants of the village ; that, 
 on the night of Ernst's birth, his mother 
 dreamed that her person suddenly emit- 
 ted a stream of fire, which directed itself 
 to the head of her husband, singeing off 
 the hair, and encircling it with a coronet 
 of flame ; from whence it reverted to 
 herself, and settled round her own head 
 with such violence of scintillation and 
 decrepitation, as to wake her from her 
 sleep; when she found herself in the 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 3 
 
 first pains of child-birth. Her labour 
 was neither long nor violenf; it lasted 
 only an hour and a half, and the infant 
 Hirnschadel was ushered into life. He 
 was tremulously expected, tenderly ac- 
 cepted, and eagerly examined, by his 
 anxious father, and his numerous kins- 
 folk; who found him perfectly well- 
 formed and healthy, and remarkable only 
 for a total absence of hair, which never 
 afterwards grew. His mother perceived 
 a slight floridity diffused over the whole 
 of his head, which she naturally con- 
 nected in her mind with the dream that 
 woke her to his birth; but which, for a 
 long time afterwards, she never commu- 
 nicated to any one. 
 
 It was not until the third month that 
 the event occurred, which marks in so 
 remarkable a manner the precise point of 
 time at which we must of necessity com- 
 mence the history of our great future 
 encephalologist. And here I must ap- 
 prise the reader, that I shall be obliged 
 
4 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 to enter into a series of very minute 
 particulars, which in ordinary nurseries 
 and infancies would be as unimportant 
 as they would be tedious and offensive, 
 hut in the case before us are very far 
 otherwise : the reader must therefore fix 
 a curb upon his fastidiousness, since they 
 will be found productive of the highest 
 interest, because pregnant with the most 
 important and astonishing results. An 
 author, who is to instruct his reader, 
 must know best what is requisite to be 
 stated preliminarily. 
 
 It happened, then, that at this critical 
 period of his infancy, his parents carried 
 him to Gorlitz, to shew him to his grand- 
 father. Little Ernst had pertinaciously 
 refused the breast, from the moment of 
 his birth ; not only that of his mother, 
 a blooming young woman of twenty-two 
 years of age, but that, also, of his nursing 
 aunts, more distant female relatives, 
 neighbours, and dependents, who all, in 
 succession, presented to his lips their 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 5 
 
 exuberant stores. He therefore reduced 
 his parents to the necessity of bringing 
 hini up (as it is called) by hand; and, 
 for the first three months of his life, he 
 was reared with a pap made of milk and 
 wheaten bread, which he swallowed, but 
 without ever testifying any satisfaction 
 at the meal. Late in the day of their 
 return home from Gorlitz, after a long 
 and tedious journey, they chanced to halt 
 for refreshment at the house of an in- 
 timate acquaintance; when their first care 
 was to provide the usual food for their 
 infant, whose violent and continued cries 
 were unequivocal tokens how greatly his 
 frame stood in need of a speedy recruit- 
 ment. The nurse who attended him was 
 sedulous in preparing the pap for her 
 little charge ; and was in the act of re- 
 moving it from the fire, when, in the 
 excess of her zeal, she overset the ba- 
 lance of the saucepan, and the whole 
 meal was suddenly and irrecoverably pre- 
 cipitated into the flames. 
 
6 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 The increasing cries of the child at 
 this disastrous instant, plunged the dis- 
 tracted mother into a momentary despair, 
 from which, however, she was quickly 
 extricated by the force of maternal soli- 
 citude and sagacity ; for, perceiving, 
 amongst the articles just placed upon 
 the table for her own meal, the divided 
 head of a calf, and descrying in it a 
 cavity filled with a soft white substance 
 much resembling in colour and consist- 
 ency the pap that had been lost, she 
 quickly thrust the handte of a spoon into 
 it, and presented it to the lips of the 
 child. Never did astonishment and joy 
 more powerfully seize the feelings of a 
 parent! The babe, who, to the perpe- 
 tual affliction of his mother, had always 
 received his meals of bread and milk with 
 more of distaste than indifference, ad- 
 vanced his little head with so strong and 
 unexpected a spring at the taste of the 
 new food, that, unless the maternal vigi- 
 lance had exceeded the infantine vora- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 7 
 
 city, the handle of the spoon must infal- 
 libly have penetrated far into the gullet ; 
 but, by a quick and expert reduction of 
 the hand, she saved herself and the world 
 from a loss incalculable and irreparable. 
 Guided by the rule of this unlooked-for 
 success, half of the brains were gradually 
 administered, and swallowed; joy and 
 animation were for the first time depicted 
 on the countenance of the infant; and, 
 after his exulting mother had wiped his 
 mouth and kissed him, he fell into a 
 sound sleep, which continued not only 
 during the remainder of the journey, but 
 till long after day-light the following 
 morning. 
 
 When he opened his eyes> he lay for 
 some time as if unconscious of being 
 awake; a smile sat upon his features; 
 and an unusual dew was diffused over his 
 forehead, and over the rosy colouring of 
 his cheeks ; but, the cravings of a va- 
 cuous stomach soon produced a sharp 
 consciousness of wakefulness, and his 
 
8 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 reiterated cries as speedily brought his 
 mother and his nurse to the opposite 
 sides of his cradle. An attempt was 
 judiciously made to quiet those cravings 
 with the former diet, now that they were 
 re-established at home ; but, the attempt 
 was totally fruitless; the pap was re- 
 jected with determination, and sputtered 
 over the nurse ; the cries redoubled ; and 
 a thorough conviction was received by 
 both parents, that nature had at length 
 unequivocally pointed out the food which 
 was alone congenial either to the taste 
 or the digestion of this extraordinary 
 child. The mother, whose foresight had 
 prompted her to reserve the remainder of 
 the brains, now caused them to be heated 
 on the fire ; and they were devoured with 
 the same avidity, and the same delight, 
 as on the preceding day. 
 
 It was now determined to proceed 
 with this new food, at least for a series 
 of days, carefully watching its effects 
 upon the system; with a resolution to 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 9 
 
 desist from it the moment it should ap- 
 pear in the slightest degree to tend to 
 the excitement of fever, or the derange- 
 ment of the digestive organs. No lack of 
 store was experienced ; for, so highly was 
 the father regarded, that calves' heads 
 were continually sent in by the neigh- 
 bouring gentry and opulent dependents, 
 to supply the wants of the infant heir. 
 After the experiment of a fortnight, they 
 found no cause to repent of their pro- 
 ceeding ; no febrile indication had oc- 
 curred, and the child sensibly throve in 
 health and beauty. Another fortnight 
 elapsed, then a month, then another 
 month ; still, the nursery exhibited an 
 unvarying progress of the same pro- 
 sperity. Ernst increased in stature and 
 in strength, and in every quality of en- 
 dearment ; and so rapid was the opera- 
 tion of his cerebral diet, that at the age 
 of eight months he was able to walk 
 alone from chair to chair. 
 
 The food, of which it was now ne- 
 b 2 
 
10 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 cessary to maintain an increased sup- 
 ply, opened a new scene of interest to 
 the affectionate father. It had been as- 
 certained, that the taste and health of 
 the child were not restricted to the brains 
 of calves, but extended to those of all the 
 animals, whether domestic or ferce natura, 
 which supplied his own table ; and even, 
 that a manifest satisfaction was excited 
 in the infant by the very variety. This 
 discovery, added a singular delight to the 
 pleasure with which the Baron indulged 
 his dominant passion for the sports of the 
 field. His forests abounded with every 
 sort of game ; stag, fallow-deer, roe-buck, 
 wild-boar, hares, rabbits, squirrels, coqs- 
 de-bruyere, pheasants, partridges, quails, 
 land-rail, plover, drossel (grive or thrush, 
 including a great variety of small birds 
 eaten indiscriminately under that cover- 
 ing name,) wild-duck, widgeon, teal, &c. ; 
 all of which, as chance directed, supplied 
 in their turns a substitute for the maternal 
 milk, which had long since disappeared. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 11 
 
 It was now the noble Yager's great con- 
 cern, (who had appointed himself sole pur- 
 veyor of the nursery,) to kill his game in 
 such a manner as should not impair the 
 receptacle of cerebral pap ; and, whereas 
 he had hitherto been celebrated in all the 
 country round for never failing to hit his 
 deer in the centre of that important part^ 
 he was now fearful of injuring it; and, 
 such was his expertness, that by changing 
 the direction of his eye to an inferior 
 point of his object, he as certainly struck 
 it through the third vertebra of the neck, 
 as he had hitherto done through the 
 centre of the cranion. Ernst was now 
 upwards of two years old, but with a pro- 
 gress in intelligence and action equal to 
 that of an ordinary child of four years. 
 The returns of his father from the chase 
 were expected by him with animated 
 eagerness ; and never did little Esqui- 
 maux meet his parent dragging a seal or 
 a walruss to his hut with more salient joy, 
 than was exhibited by Ernst when he 
 
12 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 beheld his father bring into his kitchen 
 the head of a stag, a roe-buck, or a 
 marcassin. 
 
 I must now, for a time, leave the article 
 of his food, in order to notice a peculiarity 
 respecting his person ; of equal importance 
 to the history of the science, in which he 
 stands singly super-eminent. 
 
 The reader has been informed that he 
 was born entirely without hair, which 
 never afterwards grew ; nay, without the 
 smallest perceptible down. This total 
 absence of a covering which appeared so 
 necessary, since nature had supplied it so 
 liberally in all other instances, was a 
 source of considerable distress to his pa- 
 rents, and especially to his mother ; not 
 only because she viewed it as the loss of 
 a great ornament, which would have ren- 
 dered him without exception the most 
 perfect child in Upper Saxony, but be- 
 cause she constantly apprehended the 
 worst effects of cold upon so denuded a 
 little head ; and she therefore concluded, 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 13 
 
 that she was bound to furnish, with aug- 
 mented care, the covering which nature 
 had left to her to supply. Accordingly, she 
 inserted under his outer cap one of a 
 warmer texture, in the nature of a wadded 
 cotton skull-cap, which should discharge 
 the functions of hair. But, here she ex- 
 perienced the same resistance from her 
 infant, as when she first offered him the 
 breast. Distress, declared either by 
 piercing cries or a constant whining, ac- 
 companied always the imposition and 
 attachment of the head-covering ; nor did 
 they ever entirely cease, except during the 
 short period that the head was bared in 
 dressing. As soon however as his ha^ds 
 acquired sufficient strength ; which by an 
 instinctive impulse they obtained at an 
 astonishingly early age, even before his 
 third month ; he constantly tore off both 
 coverings in the night, whilst his mother 
 or his nurse was asleep; and he himself 
 was always found asleep in the morning, 
 with all the native nudity of his head. 
 
14 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 As it was not known how many hours of 
 the night he had lain thus exposed, and 
 as this practice had continued through a 
 great variation of weather, his parents 
 consulted together again what course they 
 should pursue ; and, as his health did not 
 alter, and his tranquillity increased under 
 the exposure which he so resolutely 
 sought, they came to a new conclusion : 
 that, as nature had furnished heads in 
 general with a covering because they 
 needed it, but had assigned none to 
 Ernst, Ernst's peculiar system did not 
 need the covering which she had withheld 
 from it. Having thus experience, and an 
 intelligible principle deducible from it, 
 to guide and encourage them, they re- 
 solved to lay aside the caps, and to leave 
 the mysterious infant in the undisturbed 
 enjoyment of his naked head. And thus, 
 with a constant supply of brains, of sorts, 
 and with a head unembarrassed with 
 any coverture, natural or artificial, Ernst 
 advanced in a childhood of health and 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 15 
 
 happiness, the delight and darling of all 
 his family. 
 
 An almost necessary consequence of 
 the permanent nudity which he had so 
 eagerly coveted, and so successfully ob- 
 tained, was an instinctive application of 
 his hands to the part, and a joy resulting 
 from the tangible evidence of his freedom ; 
 from whence followed a pleasure accruing 
 from the very tact of the smooth globular 
 surface over which his fingers were per- 
 petually travelling; so that whenever they 
 were not otherwise called into action, 
 they were habitually journeying over the 
 convexity, until there was not a promi- 
 nence or an indenture, however minute, 
 with which he was not intimately fami- 
 liarized ; and this, long before he was of 
 an age to be able to estimate the value of 
 the knowledge of which he was now 
 beginning, unconsciously, to amass the 
 stores. 
 
 Ernst had now brothers and sisters in 
 
16 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 quick succession ; and it is remarkable 
 that they were all born with a profusion 
 of hair, as if nature had transferred to 
 them the portion she had thought fit to 
 refuse to Ernst. This phenomenon, ap- 
 peared to affect Ernst with an offence as 
 great as the pleasure which it afforded 
 his parents. He seemed to have a horror 
 of their hair ; and never beheld them with- 
 out carrying his hands to his own head, 
 and with an expression of countenance 
 significative of his joy in being exempted 
 from a covering so desperately adhe- 
 sive. He revolted at bringing his head 
 near to theirs ; and, when called upon to 
 kiss them, would select some part of their 
 bodies as remote as possible from the 
 head. He shuddered at the necessity of 
 occasionally sleeping with them ; and 
 then only would ask for a cap. He 
 dreaded, lest in the night some hair 
 should strike a root from his brother's 
 head, as he had seen plants spring up in 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 17 
 
 one of his father's fields, from the roots 
 of trees growing in the next. But, this 
 was a distress to which his kind parents 
 never subjected him, except in cases of 
 the most absolute necessity. 
 
18 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 REMARKABLE PARTICULARS OF HIS 
 CHILDHOOD. 
 
 Ernst was now in his sixth year : 
 from being fed by others, he had there- 
 fore long since arrived at the dignity of 
 feeding himself; and accordingly/instead 
 of receiving his food separated from its 
 native receptacle, he had the happiness 
 of being permitted to receive it in that 
 receptacle, and to serve himself to its 
 contents. A field of endless interest now 
 began to reveal itself before him. He 
 delighted in the exclusive property of his 
 dish, and in the compact form in which 
 it always lay before him. He admired 
 the shape and curvature of the basin or 
 cavity which contained it ; the polish of 
 its surface, the delicacy of its texture, 
 and the uniform resemblance which those 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 19 
 
 of the same species always bore to each 
 other. He was led on to compare those 
 of the calf with those of the different 
 kinds of deer ; and these, with those of 
 hares, rabbits, and squirrels ; and these, 
 again, with those of all the different birds 
 which were brought to the table of his 
 parents ; for all heads were now consi- 
 dered as the rightful property of Ernst, 
 who could rarely be induced to taste any 
 portion of the flesh. From all the various 
 heads whose contents he had, consumed, 
 he selected one or more of each kind, 
 which he carefully washed and cleansed; 
 and, having naturally a very orderly in- 
 telligence, he arranged them with great 
 judgment upon a shelf in a small light 
 closet, and in a line of gradation from the 
 largest to the smallest. In this closet 
 he would pass a considerable part of 
 every day, surveying, scrutinizing, and 
 measuring each ; comparing the internal 
 surfaces with the external ; and thus ac- 
 quiring an intimacy with the several coik 
 
20 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 formations, and observing the minutest 
 differences with the microscopic eye of 
 his opening age. Whilst inspecting these, 
 his fingers would travel to the correspond- 
 ing parts of his own head; and, sitting 
 before a looking-glass, he would compare 
 his own cranion with the subject before 
 him, at the same time directing another 
 glass behind his head, which put him in 
 complete ocular possession of the entire 
 spheroid. 
 
 Hitherto, however, he had never seen 
 his food until it was dressed, and pre- 
 sented at the table. He now felt a longing 
 desire to inspect it before it underwent 
 that change. He therefore sought, and 
 readily obtained permission, to examine 
 the heads before they were dressed ; and 
 he accordingly carried daily into his 
 closet, early in the morning, those which 
 were to be dressed for his dinner at noon. 
 The accurate knowledge he had already 
 acquired of the general form and structure 
 of the cranion, enabled him easily to at- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 21 
 
 tain his object. Being singularly expert 
 for his years, and what is called very 
 neat-fingered, and having remarked the 
 natural division of the cranion by the 
 sutures ; he artfully inserted the point 
 of a sharp-hooked nail-knife, following 
 the line of the sutures, with more or less 
 force according to the hardness of the 
 subject. By this means he gently de- 
 tached and raised a portion of the cranion, 
 which shewed him the brain in its natural 
 state and position. If there was only a 
 single subject, he contented himself with 
 this partial inspection ; and restoring the 
 portion of the bone, and firmly tying up 
 the whole with a strong twine, he gave it 
 back to the cook to prepare for his din- 
 ner. If the subjects were more than one, 
 as was generally the case of the smaller 
 game, both quadrupeds and birds, he 
 would select one on which he might in- 
 dulge an unlimited investigation. He 
 would then remove successively every 
 portion of the cranion, until the entire 
 
22 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 contents stood exposed on its base to 
 his admiring gaze. In the course of these 
 disclosures he remarked two very obvious 
 facts, the early impression of which upon 
 his intellect, was afterwards of infinite 
 importance to his science of Encephalo- 
 logy : the one was, that nature had made 
 a positive separation between, what he 
 then called, the hind and front brain; the 
 other was, that although the internal sur- 
 face of the skull exhibits a remarkable 
 correspondence in form with the surface 
 of the brain, yet the correspondence is 
 by no means equally pronounced on the 
 external surf ace ; so that the external sur- 
 face alone would be a very insufficient 
 and deceptious rule for judging of the 
 form concealed. These two facts he per- 
 ceived, when he had just turned his 
 seventh year ; but, he perceived them as 
 he perceived that horns grow on the head 
 of a stag and not on his tail, and as 
 equally manifest, and equally familiar. 
 Still, however, he had only inspected 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 23 
 
 the heads of such animals as were eaten 
 for food ; he now became desirous to ex- 
 tend the objects of his research. And he 
 was the more earnest to follow this pur- 
 suit, from recollecting that his father was 
 accustomed to speak to him, synony- 
 mously, of his gehirn and verstand — his 
 brains and wits; and that he had often 
 been told that he was as silly as a turkey, 
 or a goose — as wise as an owl — and then 
 again, as stupid as an owl, or an ass — 
 as mad as a March hare — that he chattered 
 like a magpie — repeated like a cuckoo — 
 was as playful as a kitten — and as frolic- 
 some as a kid. He anxiously wished to 
 inspect such of these animals as he had 
 not examined ; he therefore besought his 
 father to procure him an owl, a magpie, 
 and a cuckoo ; and he obtained from the 
 servants the heads of two kittens, from a 
 litter which had just been drowned. All 
 these, and various others, he examined 
 very minutely in his closet, searching if 
 he could discover in them any peculiar!- 
 
24 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 ties of form, that might be connected with 
 the distinguishing qualities which had 
 been ascribed to himself after them. 
 Whatever appeared to be such to him, he 
 attentively noticed ; at the same time 
 searching for the corresponding peculia- 
 rities on his own cranion. 
 
 Whilst exercised in these investiga- 
 tions, and contemplating his head in the 
 looking-glass, it suddenly occurred to 
 him ; that, although he was so fortunate 
 as to be able to view it without the ob- 
 structions which concealed those of his 
 brothers and sisters, yet still he was pre- 
 vented from beholding it as nakedly as 
 he did those of the animals in his little 
 museum, by a casing that completely 
 skreened it both from his view and from 
 his touch. Engaged in irksome doubts 
 and painful speculations of what that 
 casing might conceal from him, his ram- 
 bles led him accidentally one day into 
 the churchyard or cemetery of the vil- 
 lage, whilst a sexton was engaged in 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 25 
 
 digging a grave which he had nearly 
 completed. Curiosity urged Ernst to the 
 mound of earth which had been effodi- 
 ated ; and he watched the augmentation 
 of the heap, as the spade threw up addi- 
 tional soil. In one of those casts, he 
 observed something fall in a body, and 
 roll to some distance from the heap. He 
 followed it to ascertain what it might 
 be, when, to his amazement, he saw a 
 human skull, in a state of perfect preser- 
 vation, lying exposed before him. It 
 had sustained no fracture or injury, and 
 the teeth were entire and sound. The 
 reader may easily imagine, after the pre- 
 ceding history, what must have been the 
 sensations of the young Ernst, when he 
 thus saw for the first time, exposed to 
 his deliberate gaze, a human skull freed 
 from that cutaneous incasement which 
 deprived him of the coveted inspection 
 of his own. The first eagerness of exa- 
 mination was suddenly checked by an 
 irresistible affection of self-interest ; for, 
 c 
 
26 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 after looking at the skull for some ink 
 stants in silence, he hesitatingly asked 
 the sexton — u Who it belonged tof — * 
 " Some young man" answered the sexton, 
 " who must have died eighty or a hundred 
 yean ago" This reply did not at all bear 
 upon the point at which the question was 
 aimed ; after another short hesitation, 
 therefore, Ernst again inquired — M But 
 who does it belong to iww?"—" Belong to?" 
 rejoined the sexton, smiling and resting 
 on his spade ; " Who do you suppose it 
 belongs to? — you, ij 'you like it" Ernst, 
 who at the first glance had viewed it both 
 as an inestimable treasure and a perquisi- 
 torial property of the sexton, could hardly 
 believe the words that reached his ears : 
 he therefore asked him — " What he had 
 said?" and, on the same words being re- 
 peated — - exclaiming, *' Thank you ! O 
 thank you !" — he, without the loss of a 
 moment, seized the skull, and began to 
 clear it of the earth that adhered to it, 
 or that had become lodged within its 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 27 
 
 cavities ; and spreading his handkerchief 
 on the grass, and placing the skull in its 
 centre, he gathered the four corners over 
 it; and, reiterating his thanks to the 
 amused sexton, he set off with an acce- 
 lerated pace to his little museum. His 
 first step was to convey his new property 
 to the pump, under the action of which 
 he kept it exercised until he had cleansed 
 it from every particle of earth or soil- 
 ment; and wiping it dry with the utmost 
 care, he triumphantly deposited it upon 
 his shelf above the skull of the calf; 
 assigning to it the first place in his little 
 series of crania. 
 
 The friendship thus commenced with 
 the sexton, was not suffered by Ernst to 
 die away ; he repaired to him, whenever 
 he saw him busied in his functions ; and 
 asked him so many questions of an un- 
 usual and intelligent nature, as to induce 
 the sexton to offer to shew him the 
 charnel or bone-house, in which detached 
 bones thrown up in grave-digging were 
 
28 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 commonly deposited. The offer was ac- 
 cepted with rapture; and the joy expe- 
 rienced by Ernst when that world ot 
 wonders was first disclosed to his sight, 
 can only be compared with that of Co- 
 lumbus, when he first beheld the shores 
 of America in his view, and already with- 
 in his reach. He flew at every skull in 
 succession ; turned them over and over ; 
 thrust in his fingers to feel their interior ; 
 compared several of them together; and so 
 astonished and interested the sexton, thai 
 he permitted him to purloin two, the one 
 that of a boy of his own age, the other 
 that of a young child : to the other bones,, 
 he paid little or no attention. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 29 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 HIS PUBERTY, ADOLESCENCE, AND 
 MANHOOD, 
 
 He had now an important accession to 
 his collection ; and his affection for his 
 closet daily increased as his ideas be- 
 came better arranged and better com- 
 bined. In this beloved retreat, which 
 commanded, from its eminence, a wide 
 extent of forest scenery permeated by the 
 course of the Oder, many and many an 
 hour was rapturously passed ; and many 
 observations were made, of which he then 
 but little knew the importance, but which 
 formed and established an habit of dis- 
 cernment wholly unattainable by any 
 who commence their researches in ence- 
 phalology at a later period of life, and 
 under circumstances less extraordinary 
 and less propitious. 
 
30 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 It has been unnecessary to interrupt 
 the narrative, by pointing out to the 
 reader the particular affection that sub- 
 sisted between Ernst and his maternal 
 grandfather. The faculty, in which 
 Baron Haupt had raised himself to such 
 distinction, naturally caused him to con- 
 template his little grandson with enthu- 
 siastic fondness ; and the interest which 
 he always took in his pursuits, and the 
 information which he was able to impart 
 to him, made Ernst look forwards to his 
 occasional visits, at Hirnsch'adel, as the 
 consummation of his happiness. 
 
 But these happy days were now to be 
 interrupted. The age that Ernst had 
 attained, rendered it necessary that he 
 should begin to experience the restraints 
 of a school education. He had learned 
 reading and writing from his careful 
 mother, and had been initiated into the 
 first rudiments of Latin by the respected 
 pastor of his village ; he was now, for 
 the first time, to be separated from his 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 31 
 
 parents, his brothers and sisters, his 
 home, and his dearly beloved museum. 
 His feelings were tender and affectionate. 
 Though making every manly effort to 
 suppress those feelings, a starting tear 
 would betray the insincerity of the smile 
 which he forced upon his countenance 
 in the presence of the rational objects of 
 his attachment; but, when he took his 
 last leave, alone, of his little closet; his 
 intimacy with which had been coeval 
 with the earliest records of his memory, 
 and in the seclusion of which he had 
 passed so many hours of the purest and 
 most exquisite mental enjoyment that 
 his early age could taste; there was 
 something in the aspect of his favourite 
 objects arranged silently before him, and 
 as it w r ere, mutely taking their leave of 
 him, that overpowered his feelings, and 
 he burst into tears. He had permission 
 to lock the door himself, and to carry 
 away the key with him ; and he received 
 an assurance that the closet should 
 
32 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 not be entered by any one, until he 
 returned at the vacation to open it to 
 himself. 
 
 Ernst was between eight and nine years 
 of age, when his father placed him in a 
 seminary at Kustrin ; with the ulterior 
 intention, that at a future period of his 
 growth, he should be entered of the ce- 
 lebrated university of Frankfort upon 
 Oder. He soon fell into all the modes 
 and habits of the school; and equally 
 acquired the love of his teachers by his 
 intelligence, quickness, and docility, as 
 of his schoolfellows by his liveliness, 
 openness, and unvarying good temper. 
 The latter were peculiarly fond of him, 
 and took a great delight in calling him 
 " Kleine Calvinns," especially when they 
 found that he disliked it extremely, being 
 bred a staunch Lutheran. Accustomed 
 to his own person, and the more so from 
 his habit of continually contemplating it 
 in a looking-glass, he was perfectly in- 
 sensible to the singular appearance of a 
 
ENCEt»HALOLOGY. 33 
 
 boy, only nine years old, with the bald- 
 ness of fourscore and ten, and who never 
 wore any covering, either in the house or 
 in the field. In vain did they endeavour 
 to convince him how much he would be 
 improved by wearing a wig formed to 
 resemble a natural head of hair ; in vain 
 did they appeal to the demonstration of a 
 looking-glass ; the arguments of neither 
 could reach his organ of conviction. 
 Once they persuaded him so try it, and 
 shewed him the improvement in the 
 glass ; but he could only perceive an 
 hideous disfigurement of his person. 
 They therefore ceased to importune him, 
 and gradually became accustomed to his 
 singularity ; and it must be acknow- 
 ledged, that, saving the extraordinary 
 badge by which Science had 
 
 " mark'd him for her own," 
 
 he was by far the handsomest and finest 
 boy in the whole school. 
 
 Six years passed away, during which 
 c2 
 
34 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 he was distinguished by his progress in 
 learning, notwithstanding his constant 
 prosecution of his first and favourite 
 pursuits. His vacations carried him back 
 to the scenes of his infant years, which 
 were always revisited with delight ; but 
 his mind had increased in experience and 
 in vigour, and his former objects were 
 pursued with wider combinations of 
 knowledge, and more elevated views* 
 His collection was considerably augment- 
 ed ; was arranged with more enlightened 
 apprehension of principles ; and, when 
 quitted at the calls of duty, was relin- 
 quished without the acute sensibility 
 which had signalized his first separation 
 from it. His thoughts had extended 
 themselves from lifeless to living sub- 
 jects, and he curiously sought the rela- 
 tions between the two. From diversity 
 of conformation his mind had travelled 
 to diversity of character and disposition ; 
 and he had accurately noted each. The 
 specimens of his cabinet which he had 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 35 
 
 taken with him to Kustrin, had inspired 
 a persuasion that he was no ordinary- 
 boy ; and his acute reasonings from 
 forms to natures, and reversely, from 
 natures to forms, created a consideration 
 for him superior to that which is usually 
 conferred amongjuvenile contemporaries. 
 His schoolfellows readily permitted him 
 to examine and compare their crania, 
 with a mixed temper of mirth and re- 
 spect ; and, as he was a personal friend 
 of each, he thoroughly knew all their 
 natures and dispositions : but he was 
 used repeatedly to say, that if he had not 
 been practised and familiarized from his 
 earliest infancy in inspecting the internal 
 surfaces of crania, so as to have acquired 
 an almost intuitive perception of their 
 relations to the external, he could never 
 have derived any knowledge at all of the 
 form of the brain, from the imperfect and 
 almost illegible indications of the latter. 
 But this knowledge, (which he denomi- 
 nated Craniosophy ,) he would playfully 
 
36 encephalologv. 
 
 add, he drew in with his "mother's milk;" 
 for so he denominated brains. 
 
 Six years, therefore, having been well 
 employed at Kustrin, his father removed 
 him, and placed him in the university of 
 Frankfort upon Oder. As it was neces- 
 sary that he should now determine his 
 future line of study, he did not hesitate, 
 notwithstanding his prospective inherit- 
 ance of the ancient honours and property 
 of the Hirnscbadels, in deciding on that 
 of medicine ; to which science he was 
 partly inclined from his fond attachment 
 to his maternal grandfather, but princi- 
 pally because it was most congenial to 
 the direction of his own thoughts, and 
 opened to him the prospect of accom- 
 plishing the great ends which he had al- 
 ready in his secret contemplation. But, 
 his view of that faculty combined what- 
 ever has relation to man, or can affect 
 his compound existence ; and more es- 
 pecially that part of man in which all 
 those relations are concentred; namely, 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 37 
 
 the head. This was a subject, which 
 exalted him with enthusiasm ! He was 
 convinced, that in the wonders of that 
 structure, diversities were reduced into 
 unity, and complexities into simplicity ; 
 as all the imaginable radii of a circle 
 unite and centre in one common and 
 indivisible point. He therefore applied 
 himself no less ardently to the study of 
 the ancient languages, of metaphysics, 
 ethics, and jurisprudence, than to that 
 of mathematics, anatomy, and every 
 branch of medical science and natural 
 philosophy ; but, anatomy, positive and 
 comparative, especially that of the head, 
 was the study which possessed the first 
 place in his affections. Nevertheless, he 
 attended with equal assiduity the Pro- 
 fessors in every department of science 
 and learning ; and, with such extraordi- 
 nary success, that at the age of twenty- 
 one years he was regarded as a sort of 
 ambulatory Cyclopedia, no less by his 
 seniors than by his own contemporaries. 
 
38 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 In all those various studies, the origi- 
 nality and independence of his mind kept 
 him above the servile adoption of any of 
 the current theories, however specious 
 or alluring; he aimed at a point of truth 
 far above the mark to which all those 
 theories tend ; and, in receiving the in- 
 struction of others, he was engaged in 
 maturing the science of which he was 
 destined by nature to become at once 
 the Author and the Perfecter. It is a 
 remarkable circumstance, that in propor- 
 tion as he succeeded in accomplishing 
 any great object, his disinclination to a 
 fleshy diet diminished ; yet he always 
 retained his original partiality to the 
 " maternal milk," to which he owed all 
 his eminence. 
 
 At the age of twenty-three he took 
 his degree of M. D. The subject which 
 he selected for his thesis was, " The se- 
 " par ate and distinct relations of the cere- 
 " brum and cerebellum , and of their respec- 
 " tive sub-ratios, to the dominant Ratio, or 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 39 
 
 u active principle of the human mind." His 
 management of this very difficult ques- 
 tion, in an elegance of Latinity wholly 
 new to the medical schools of Germany, 
 was received with universal admiration 
 and unbounded applause ; and the whole 
 of his auditory derived a profound con- 
 viction, from the impossibility they ex- 
 perienced in endeavouring to apprehend 
 and follow his argument, that his genius 
 was teeming with some vast truth of 
 infinite concernment, which would one 
 day create an Epocha in Science. 
 
40 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 HE LEAVES THE UNIVERSITY OF FRANK- 
 FORT HIS ELEMENTS OF ENCEPHA- 
 LOLOGY. 
 
 Having thus reached the goal, to attain 
 which he had been originally called away 
 from the scenes of his earliest interests ; 
 he contemplated with delight his return 
 to them, enriched with the stores of know- 
 ledge which he had accumulated during 
 the fourteen years of his laborious studies. 
 He now languished for a repose, in which 
 he could leisurely digest all these, and 
 turn them to their account. The allure- 
 ments of a populous city, the lustre of 
 celebrity, the urgency of friends and ad- 
 mirers, were impotent against the attrac- 
 tion which fixed the determination of his 
 mind : he took his final leave of Frankfort 
 with feelings of attachment more than of 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 41 
 
 regret, and re-established himself fixedly 
 in the seclusion of his native castle. 
 
 In the preceding year he had sustained 
 the loss of his affectionate father; and the 
 family mansion, with all its hereditary 
 advantages, had now devolved upon him. 
 In establishing himself here, he had to 
 adapt the ancient dwelling to the recep- 
 tion of an extensive library which he had 
 gradually formed; of a large and valu- 
 able collection of anatomical preparations, 
 chiefly of crania and encephali; and of a 
 well-appointed apparatus for every branch 
 of experimental philosophy. In making a 
 new distribution of his apartments for 
 these purposes, he carefully included in 
 his plan the little retreat of his boyish 
 years, in which he would make no altera- 
 tion ; preserving it, even with its mimic 
 museum. He smiled, when he recollected 
 the importance he had once attached to 
 the objects which it contained ; but, by 
 reviving the feelings which he had there 
 enjoyed, it became singularly endeared 
 
42 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 to him, and he reserved it as a sort of 
 adytum, or penetrate, in which his mind 
 could most effectually retire into itself 
 from the importunities and distractions 
 of the external world. 
 
 In the leisure and independence of this 
 ample retirement he passed nearly three 
 years, constantly engaged in arranging 
 and digesting the materials from which 
 he was to deduce the great scheme of 
 Encephalology which he had so long pro- 
 jected; which engrossed all his thoughts; 
 and which, as his auditory at Frankfort 
 had truly presaged, would form a new 
 epocha in science. * At the expiration of 
 that period he was nearly prepared to 
 enounce his principles, and to unfold and 
 display the practical benefits to which they 
 necessarily conduct. Of these, I shall 
 now give a brief — but, I must apprize the 
 reader, a very general and inadequate — 
 account; yet, I am persuaded it will be 
 such as will dispose him to look forward 
 with impatience to the Doctor's great 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 43 
 
 posthumous work, to be printed in 5 vols. 
 4to., entitled Corpus Encephalologia. And 
 here I must drop the familiar name of 
 Ernst ; and the reader must be prepared, 
 in the sequel of the history, to recognize 
 the object of our past interest in his 
 new and dignified character of Doctor 
 Hirnschadel, by which title he always 
 desired to be distinguished. 
 
 The fundamental points which Dr. 
 Hirnschadel considered to be perfectly 
 established by extensive induction from se- 
 cure and certain premises, are the eleven 
 following : — 
 
 1. That, the encephalus, or brain, is the 
 primary material instrument by which the 
 mind carries on intercourse with the ex- 
 ternal world, through the mediation of 
 the senses. 
 
 2. That, the brain is an aggregate of 
 parts, each of which parts has its special 
 and determinate function. 
 
 3. That, as the brain in its totality is 
 covered by the entire cranion^ so each of 
 
44 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 its functionary parts is covered by its own 
 particular portion of the cranion. 
 
 4. That, the active principle of each 
 functionary part determines, by its growth 
 and development in utero and in first in- 
 fancy, the figure and size of its own por- 
 tion of the cranion constituting its nidus. 
 
 5. That, in consequence of this deter- 
 mination of figure and size, the internal 
 surface of the cranion corresponds exactly 
 with the external surface of the brain. 
 But, 
 
 6. That the external surface of the 
 cranion does not therefore correspond 
 exactly with its internal surface : and in 
 numberless instances does not, to com- 
 mon inspection, correspond with it at all. 
 
 7. That the size of the internal parts 
 is, therefore, not discoverable by simple 
 external inspection; and can only be 
 ascertained by induction from a laborious, 
 long-continued, and accurate examination 
 and comparison of many thousand inter- 
 nal and external surfaces of crania, com- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 45 
 
 menced in infancy and continued with- 
 out interruption into manhood ; and by 
 an habit originating in the keenness 
 of sight and delicacy of touch of that 
 incipient age. 
 
 8. That, if the size of the nidus pertain- 
 ing to any given functionary is too much 
 confined, i. e. too small, for the develop- 
 ment of the power which the functionary 
 strives to unfold, constraint on its faculty 
 of development must necessarily result 
 from the stubborn and unyielding texture 
 of the cranion. 
 
 9. By necessary consequence, that the 
 enlargement of size must favour the de- 
 velopment and manifestation of each 
 functionary power : and reversely, 
 
 10. That reduction of size must equally 
 check and repress the action of each 
 power. And therefore, 
 
 11. That the great objects of Encepha- 
 lology are, 1, to ascertain the seats and 
 nidi of the functionary powers of the 
 encephalus ; and 2, to enlarge or reduce 
 
46 EKCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 the nidi of the cranion, in such manner 
 and by such rule as shall most effectually 
 promote individual happiness, the welfare 
 and security of separate societies, and the 
 universal benefit of mankind. 
 
 Such were the vast results, towards 
 which we have seen the intellect of Dr. 
 Hirnschadel gradually led, as it were by 
 the hand of some tutelary genius, even 
 from his cradle ; and to produce which, 
 the most extraordinary circumstances 
 combined and continued, even from the 
 the third month of his infancy. 
 
 The different functionary powers or 
 organs of the brain which Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel found to be established, were in 
 number 68 ; all these he denominated 
 collectively, ratios, or each, singly, sub- 
 ratio. By this symmetrical scheme of 
 nomenclature, all the several sub-ratios 
 constantly preserved and manifested their 
 cognation to, and dependence on, the 
 supreme Ratio. He found that they were 
 all disposed in a reticular form in each 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 47 
 
 hemisphere, dexter and sinister, of the 
 encephalus; divided only by the encephalic 
 meridian, drawn from the occipital to the 
 frontal poll, to which line they equally 
 tend and equally adhere : by which ad- 
 mirable economical arrangement no space 
 is lost in the encephalus, every sub-ratio 
 occupying an equal rhombic area, con- 
 terminal with four other ratios or rational 
 rhombs. He did not pretend to have 
 ascertained the functions of all of these ; 
 and therefore, in delineating a net-work 
 over a cranion, he only noted those which 
 he had established, modestly inscribing 
 on the remainder — terra incognita. He 
 perfectly ascertained and established, that 
 the Ratio Proper, or Dominant Ratio, was 
 seated in some unknown point imme- 
 diately under the concame-ratio of the 
 cranion. 
 
 The origin of the nomenclature which 
 he employed, deserves to be historically 
 recorded. Dr. Hirnschadel was a great 
 reader of Latin ; when, therefore, he had 
 
48 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 read through all the Latin authors, he 
 read through all the Latin translations of 
 the Greek ; although he had already read 
 them in the original. Whilst prosecuting 
 this unusual course of literature, he was 
 forcibly struck with two oracular passages 
 which presented themselves in the Latin 
 translations of Plato and Demosthenes ; 
 in which passages he conceived the trans- 
 lators presented the point of the authors' 
 minds with considerably greater force 
 than they themselves had done in their 
 own language. In the Rhetoric of Plato 
 he thus read — " quod caret ratione ars non 
 " est — that which is without a ratio is not 
 u an art :" and, in the 1st Olynth. of De- 
 mosthenes, he read thus — " multitudo 
 ie rationum prudentes expedit, hebetiores 
 " intricat et inopes consilii facit — a multi- 
 " tude of ratios disembroils the wise, but 
 " perplexes and stupifies the dull." These 
 passages brought to his recollection the 
 dicta of Cicero in his Tusc. " munus animi 
 " est ratione uti — it is the proper office of 
 
To face page i9.] ENCEPHALOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 RATIO, 
 
 *POSJTIVA ET DOMINANS. 
 
 'Multitude rationurrJ 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 
 llespi-ratio. 
 
 Vocife-ratio.(twne 28) 
 
 *Vo-ratio. 
 
 Deside-ratio.(co?jetii;eness 8) 
 
 ,/r .- f inhabitivenesso } 
 
 Mo*ratio. <{ „ . . J- 
 
 ( adhesiveness 4 ) 
 
 Illust*ratio. 
 
 O -ratio. (language 29) 
 
 Ite-ratio. (imitation 33) 
 
 Ope-ratto.( causation 31) 
 
 Arbit-ratio. 
 
 Admi-ratio.(se|f-/o7je 10) 
 
 Vene-ratio.(venerafion 14) 
 
 O btempe-r atio. 
 
 Mig-ratio. 
 
 Conside-ratioJ ~" s ^ ent! ' ousnMS J? J 
 { ideality 17 $ 
 
 Cu-ratio. (cautiousness 1 2) 
 
 Accu-ratio.(wit 32) 
 
 Compa-ratio.(t*owp<m$(m 30) 
 
 *Explo-ratio. 
 
 Decla-ratio. 
 
 Matu-ratio. 
 
 Libe-ratio. 
 
 Figu-ratio.(/brm 20) 
 
 Mensu-ratio.(sizc — space 21 ? 24) 
 
 Nume-rff££o.(mtm&er 27) 
 
 Ponde-rat?o.(we?g7it 22) 
 
 Integ«rat?o. 
 
 * Restau-r atio. 
 
 Supe-ratio, 
 
 r^« «.„**•„ famativeness 
 {jene-ratio. < ,., 
 
 (^ philogenitweness 
 
 *Spe-ratio.(hope 15) 
 
 Perseve-ratio. 
 
 Fulgu-ratio. 
 
 o ra ti $ secretiveness 9 
 
 P ' ( individuality 1 9 
 
 Celeb-ratio.(ap/?rooat?o?i 1 1 ) 
 
 Aspi-ratio. 
 
 Administ-ratro. 
 
 *Vigo-ratio.(/irm7zess 18) 
 
 Complo-raffo.(oer2euo/ence 13) 
 
 *Memo-ratio. 
 
 *Agge-rotio.(co??strwctiuniess 7) 
 
 *IR-RATIO, 
 
 RATIO *NEG ATI VA. 
 
 Igno-ratio. 50 
 
 Vib-ratio 49 Er-ratio. 51 
 
 Exagge-ratio. 52 
 
 Asseve-ratio. 53 
 
 Vitupe-ratio, 54 
 
 Deli-ratio. 55 
 
 Obi -rat io. 56 
 
 Exaspi-ratio. 57 
 
 Obscu- ratio. 58 
 
 Exsec-ratio. 59 
 
 Frust-ratio. 60 
 
 Degene-ratio. 61 
 
 (5 combativeness)Be\\ige-ratio. 62 
 
 (6 destructiveness} Lace-ratio. 63 
 
 Despe-ratio. 64 
 
 Conspi-ratio. 65 
 
 *Aufe-ratio. 66 
 
 Augu-ratio* 67 
 
 u 
 
 42 
 
 Lib-7'atio. 
 
 43 
 
 Colo-?-atio.(co/our 23) 
 
 44 
 
 *Terapo-ratio.(time 26) 
 
 45 
 
 Penet-rat?"o. 
 
 46 
 
 Appa-?'atio. 
 
 47 
 
 Susur-ratio. 
 
 48 
 
 Mode-rat io. (order 25) 
 
 
 ■ ■ ■ [Terra Incog.] 
 
 68 Expi-ratzo. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 49 
 
 " the mind, to make use of the ratio" 
 And again, " bene adhibita ratio cernit 
 " quod optimum est,neglecta multis impli- 
 u catur erroribus — a ratio well applied, dis- 
 " cerns what is best; but, neglected, is im- 
 " plicated in many errors." He therefore 
 determined, in the ordination of his new 
 art, to " make use of the ratio" and to 
 disembroil all those who may aspire to 
 the denomination of wise, by employing 
 the u multitude of ratios ;" and he thus 
 digested his Table {see Table), according 
 to the hint given him by Csesar; "in Ta- 
 " bulis nominatim ratio confecta erat — 
 " each ratio was arranged in Tables, by 
 " name:" but, as he was extremely accu- 
 rate, he marked all those ratios with an 
 asterisk which he did not discover among 
 the writers of the Augustan age. 
 
 It would be unnecessary, and it would 
 indeed be impossible, to attempt to give, 
 in this " Very Brief Sketch " a full exposi- 
 tion of all and each of these numerous 
 ratios; I shall therefore only notice a few 
 
 D 
 
50 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 of them taken at random, as examples : 
 upon the principle — "verbum sapienti" — 
 a word to the wise: the hebetiores, or dull, 
 must wait until the eminent Professors to 
 whom Dr. Hirnschadel's heirs have ad- 
 dressed themselves, shall have executed 
 the arduous task of giving his great work 
 to the world ; with an elementary synopsis 
 prefixed for their separate use and benefit. 
 
 The iub-ratio which Dr. Hirnschadel 
 found to be the first developed of all, is the 
 org. respi-ratio, which receives an immedi- 
 ate manifestation from the first irruption 
 of the external air, at the moment of birth, 
 into the pulmonic follis, or lungs ; and is 
 as immediately followed by the develop- 
 ment of the orgg. vocife-ratio and Ho- 
 ratio. The last which declares itself, is 
 the expi-ratio ; sympathetically, but only 
 momentarily, manifested in the last action 
 of the respi-ratio. 
 
 Our encephalologist found, that the in- 
 termediate ratios have both a moral and 
 a physical operation. Thus the orgg. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 51 
 
 illust-ratio and obscu-ratio act morally, 
 when the mind strives to attain to, or to 
 avoid, the evidence of truth, &c. In their 
 physical operation they cause wakeful- 
 ness, or sleep ; and, in all persons, sound 
 in health of body and mind, and comfort- 
 able in their circumstances, they act in un*- 
 varying alternation, like Castor and Pollux; 
 the one being constantly in exercise 
 during the day, the other during the 
 night. These two organs, or ratios, are 
 seated in the last two rhombs traversed 
 by the optic nerves. 
 
 The org. vib-ratio, is a very important or- 
 gan. It is, in a manner, pendulous between 
 the Ratio and *Ir-ratio 9 and has a va- 
 cillatory influence on each. When acting 
 morbidly and in excess, and not resisted 
 or subdued by any salutary ratio, as the 
 lib-ratio, its moral operation is perpetual 
 hesitation ; endless indecision ; immediate 
 conviction by every opposite argument, 
 &c. It is the cause of the 5/%a sv8a hcci 
 evOa, the " hue atque illuc," the mental 
 backward and forward, so well understood 
 
52 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 by the ancients ; and so beautifully com- 
 pared by Homer to a nightingale in the 
 dark, perpetually hopping this way and 
 that upon a branch : — 
 
 &g , — %AwfW£ oty^m, 
 
 Y}T£ SafACt rpcoTTcoa-a — 
 
 £)<; Hou Efioi AIXA Bv^og ogcopsrai EN© A K.AI 
 
 EN0A.* 
 The English Milton poetically alludes to 
 the same effect, when he says : — 
 
 " As when two pollar winds, blowing adverse 
 Upon the cranion, see together drive, &c. v f 
 
 In its morbid and physical operation, 
 this ratio produces various nervous mo- 
 tions and twitches, as shaking of the head 
 or leg, twiddling with the fingers, playing 
 the devil's tattoo, and St. Vitus's dance. 
 
 * Od. xix. 524. 
 
 f Dr. Hirnsch'adel, in his imperfect knowledge of 
 English, has quoted erroneously, under an impres- 
 sion that the poet was here alluding to his own occi- 
 pital and frontal polls ; it is properly, 
 
 u As when two polar winds, blowing adverse 
 Upon the Cronean sea, together drive, &c." 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 53 
 
 The org. ite-ratio, in its moral opera- 
 tion, is the origin of all habit, whether 
 good or bad ; by which, a facility of iterat- 
 ing, or repeating the same actions, is ac- 
 quired and confirmed. In its compound 
 operation, it causes the telling the same 
 stories, and asking the same questions, 
 over and over again; repeating people's 
 last words ; &c. &c. Dr. Hirnschadel 
 found this organ remarkably developed 
 in the cuckoo. 
 
 The org. gene-ratio, Dr. Hirnschadel 
 covertly described in the poetical phrase- 
 ology of Lucretius, 
 
 "iEneadumGenetrix! hominum divumque voluptas!" 
 " Iulian Mother ! Joy of men and gods !* 
 
 but, he annexed to it this exposition from 
 the great Mceonian bard : 
 
 AXXtt <rv y t/otsposvra j^e-re^eo sgya. TAMOIO. 
 " Be thine, to bless the works of wedded love V 
 
 He conceived this organ, in man, to 
 unite all the delights both of connubial 
 and parental love, regarding them to be 
 
54 ENCEPHALGLOGY* 
 
 inseparably connected, as cause and con- 
 sequent : upon this ratio, however, he 
 was memorably brief and reserved. 
 
 He moreover discovered the existence 
 of very powerful attractive and repulsive 
 action between all the sub-ratios; so that 
 they are susceptible of various modifica- 
 tions, combinations, and disunions of their 
 powers, either by the exercise of the org. 
 arbit-mtio, or merely by the mechanical 
 and fortuitous action of the nib-ratio. 
 
 Thus, the org.vocife-ratio, (which Horace 
 calls " et vox et ratio/') when it attracts 
 the orgg. nume-ratio and mensu-ratio, be- 
 comes the organ of tune ; yet it retains 
 the same name in all cases, because all 
 tune was vocal until instrumental tune was 
 invented by Jubal. 
 
 The org. figu-ratio, or of form, re- 
 ceives the minute impressions of the 
 forms of visible objects ; and, when it at- 
 tracts the orgg. ite-ratio, colo-ratio, and 
 ope-ratio, it produces the genius of paint- 
 ing, &c. This organ, has not been in 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 55 
 
 memorable development since the time 
 of Alexander tbe Great; and little merits 
 our consideration, in the ages that have 
 succeeded. It was in its perfection, at 
 that period, in the cranion of Apelles ; 
 who painted a horse so exquisitely, that 
 several mares led up to it immediately 
 neighed. So says Pliny ; # but Valerius 
 Maximus says, it was a horse that neighed 
 at a painted mare; and adds, that Apelles 
 also painted a bitch at which all the dogs 
 barked +. When did Wouvermans ever 
 set a horse neighing, or Snyders a dog 
 barking? " Apelles also painted things 
 " which cannot be painted, as thunder 
 '* and lightning — pinxit et qua pingi non 
 " possunt, tonitrua, fulgetraque J." This 
 ratio, therefore, may be contemplated as 
 under the baneful influence of the org. 
 degene-ratio from his time. 
 
 The distributed germination of these 
 and all the other ratios in their several 
 
 * Lib. xxxv. c. 17. f Lib. viii. c. 11. 
 
 t Pliny, ubi supra. 
 
56 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 rhombs, bears a remarkable analogy to 
 the peculiar dorsal fetations of the Pipa, 
 or Bufo of Surinam; which may be re- 
 garded as a fortunate illustration, pro- 
 vided by nature, of the multitudinous 
 conceptions and parturitions of the en- 
 cephalic mass : the nascent bufos, admir- 
 ably representing the germinating ratios. 
 (See Plate,j€g. 3.) 
 
 Having thus, by ascertaining the seats 
 and laws of the ratios, obtained the first 
 desideratum of encephalology, viz. the 
 secure establishment of principles, Dr. 
 Hirnschadel proceeded to the second, 
 viz. the reducing his principles into bene- 
 ficial and efficient practice. He had now 
 to engage in the arduous task of disco- 
 vering the means of enlarging or reducing, 
 as the case might require, the nidi of the 
 cranion in which the several functionary 
 parts of the brain exercise their energies. 
 This was, indeed, a pursuit of no common 
 difficulty. It was evident that those 
 means must act, in the first instance, on 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 57 
 
 the solid substance of the cranion ; and, 
 that unless the cranion could be made to 
 yield, neither enlargement nor reduction 
 of the nidus could be produced ; and con- 
 sequently, no effect could be extended to 
 the organ beneath, and encephalology 
 must be frustrated of all its beneficent 
 results. To clear his ideas upon this 
 point, he resorted to a very simple expe- 
 riment. He took two beans, which he 
 placed in two separate flower-pots, filling 
 them with earth till within an inch of the 
 rim. Over one of these he placed an 
 empty flower-pot, reversed ; and upon 
 the other a tile : these he set in pans 
 supplied with water. At the expiration 
 of twenty days he removed the coverings, 
 and great was the difference of the phe- 
 nomena which presented themselves to 
 his view ! In the first pot, the power of 
 manifesting development had experienced 
 no obstruction; the young bean ascended 
 perpendicularly and vigorously, unfolding 
 its proper form and proportions. In the 
 d2 
 
58 ENCEPHALOLOGY* 
 
 second pot, the bean had speedily reached 
 the tile ; but, meeting with a resistance 
 which its tender efforts were unable to 
 overcome, it exhibited all the melancholy 
 consequences. Its native power of develop- 
 ment, was equal to that of the other; but, de- 
 plorable was the effect of that power fruit- 
 lessly exerted against the unconquerable 
 resistance of the tile. Instead of being 
 perpendicular, vigorous, and green, it was 
 horizontally tortuous, sickly, and white. 
 The conclusion, by analogy, with respect 
 to the germination of the organ and the 
 resistance of the cranion, was direct and 
 demonstrative. By giving elevation, 
 therefore, to the encephalic nidus, he 
 could invigorate the growth of its internal 
 functionary, and increase its expansion ; 
 on the other hand, by aiding the natural 
 resistance of the cranion, he could en- 
 feeble or entirely destroy the func- 
 tionary. 
 
 During these meditations, the exten- 
 sive combination of his genius caused 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 59 
 
 him to make two observations, resulting 
 from the experiment of the bean. 
 
 1. He felt considerable indignation 
 against all those empirics who, without 
 discrimination of causes and circum- 
 stances, regard universally as disease in 
 the cranion that affection which is deno- 
 minated mollities ; by which, the sub- 
 stance and texture of the skull is re- 
 duced from its obduracy and obstinacy, 
 into a condition of genial and almost 
 uterine compliancy. He wished that 
 every cranion could be so far reduced to- 
 wards a state of regeneration. He viewed 
 it as a special favour of nature, by which 
 she seemed to say — u now is your time 
 * — now is your opportunity — educe the 
 u organ you wish, and reduce and indurate 
 " the rest." Such favourable cases, how- 
 ever, are of the most rare occurrence, and 
 cannot be artificially produced. 
 
 2. He equally condemned that undis- 
 tinguishing view taken by the same daring 
 practitioners, of chronical cephalalgia, or 
 
60 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 headach; and the course of treatment 
 consequently pursued by them, of striv- 
 ing at once to allay the pain by extin- 
 guishing the cause. He found that, in 
 almost all cases, chronical cephalalgia is 
 only nature's indication of the germina- 
 tion of some ratio of the brain ; and the 
 pain is the necessary consequence of the 
 resistance of the roof and sides of the 
 nidus. No one, therefore, can tell what 
 injury may be done, and must have been 
 done, to many minds, and therefore to 
 society, by a practice tending to check 
 and frustrate the natural germination of 
 one or more of its organs, and thus blindly 
 to render abortive 
 
 " Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire; 
 " Hands that the rod of empire might have sway'd* 
 " Or wak'd to ecstasy the living lyre !" 
 
 This fact he considered to be brought 
 to demonstration by the bean and tile; and, 
 if vegetables have sense, (and no one has 
 the testimony of experience to prove that 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 61 
 
 they have not,) the bean must have en- 
 dured a very acute sense of pain at its 
 apex, analogous to cephalalgia. The pain 
 of cephalalgia was therefore of the same 
 nature as the pain in teething ; and pro- 
 ceeds from an inflammatory struggle to 
 overcome a resistance. The most fortu- 
 nate hypothetical concurrence of circum- 
 stances would be, chronical cephalalgia 9 
 followed by mollities ; because, we should 
 then have indication of germination 
 succeeded by the means of immediately 
 taking advantage of it: his encephalic 
 thermometer being able to determine 
 the centre of the rhomb in which the 
 ratio was pushing. We should in that 
 case have only to reserve that parti- 
 cular portion of the cranion ; and to re- 
 indurate all the rest, by constant and 
 copious impregnations of phosphate of 
 lime. Such fortunate circumstances, how- 
 ever, never or rarely occur, and cannot, 
 therefore, be embraced in a system of 
 practice. And he consoled himself with 
 
62 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 the reflection, that, after all, the great 
 benefit they would confer would be only 
 a saving of time ; for that, when we had 
 once found the means of reducing and 
 educing a nidus in the ordinary obduracy 
 of the cranion, though the end might 
 be more rapidly attained by the natural 
 process, it would not be more effectually 
 secured than by an artificial one demand- 
 ing time and patience. He therefore 
 dismissed all thoughts of operating by 
 favour of the mollities; and he disposed 
 his mind to pursue the course which 
 only required a larger expenditure of 
 patience and of time. But, how were 
 those means to be found ? 
 
 To discover a reducing process, was 
 not so difficult. The experiment of the 
 tile, appeared to him an oracular notifi- 
 cation; that proportionate compressure 
 must necessarily, and in a similar man- 
 ner, frustrate the efforts of the function- 
 ary, and cause it, in a similar manner, to 
 dwindle and die away. But, he saw 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 63 
 
 nothing oracular in the inverted flower* 
 pot to guide or instruct his genius, in 
 the means of affording a similar enlarge- 
 ment of space for the development of 
 any ratio which he might wish to 
 educe. Whilst meditating on this ar- 
 duous point, he would often strike his 
 forehead ; and, rising from his seat, and 
 pacing his chamber, would exclaim to 
 himself with strong emotion — " hie la- 
 bor ! — hoc opus!" At length, one day, 
 it suddenly flashed into his recollection, 
 that when he was a boy he frequently 
 amused himself with putting a piece of 
 lighted paper into a wine-glass, and im- 
 mediately closing the orifice with the 
 broad palm of his hand ; in which puerile 
 amusement, not only the glass adhered 
 to the palm, but the surface of the palm 
 rose convexly in the vacuum of the glass. 
 He immediately renewed the experiment ; 
 and repeated it several times with the 
 same success. AH the powers of pneu- 
 matics, now arose at once to his reflec- 
 
64 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 tion! He considered, that if an effect 
 so decided and well manifested was pro- 
 duced by so simple an operation, it might 
 be indefinitely increased under the po- 
 tent action of an air-pump. He there- 
 fore immediately called for Gans, and 
 ordered him to work the pump upon the 
 palm of his hand. This was immediately 
 done, and with such assiduity and vio- 
 lence as to cause the Doctor to cry out 
 to Gans to desist; who, however, ab- 
 sorbed in the function to which he had 
 been first directed, did not obey the 
 contradictory direction until he had 
 received a tangible notification which 
 restored him to his auditory faculty. 
 
 The energy and continuance of Gans's 
 operation, however, abundantly indem- 
 nified the Doctor by the extraordinary 
 and sensible evidence of its effect; for, 
 whereas he had only felt an inoffensive 
 tightness of the skin and superficial flesh 
 under the wine-glass, he now experi- 
 enced a powerful and distressing attrac- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 65 
 
 tion reaching to the sinews of the hand, 
 and sensible even at the back. He was 
 enchanted with his success ! and although 
 it was some hours before he regained 
 the free use of his hand, yet the very 
 intervening incapacitation engendered a 
 species of joy, which none can conceive 
 but those primary geniuses who are des- 
 tined by nature to engender and origi- 
 nate a perfect novelty. He next made 
 the experiment, with great caution, upon 
 a point of his cranion ; having a switch 
 in his hand, by which to communicate 
 with the perceptions of Gans. He found 
 the action very powerful during the ope- 
 ration; and he perceived, that by im- 
 mediately substituting the wine-glass, the 
 effect was moderately but sensibly pro- 
 longed. 
 
 He reflected upon the necessary con- 
 sequence of that same action, carefully, 
 but regularly, continued. He tried it, 
 with violence, on several dried skulls, 
 which presently cracked under the ope- 
 
66 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 ration. He then tried it, very gently 
 and very considerately, on the heads of 
 numerous animals recently killed, and re- 
 plete with their fluids ; until at length, after 
 various skilful experiments, he completely 
 succeeded in ascertaining the precise de- 
 gree of force which was sufficient for just 
 soliciting a flexible upward tendency of 
 the fibrous substance of the living cranion, 
 without imparting to it any injury; and 
 which might be retained and encouraged, 
 by the mere application of the wine-glass 
 or common vacuum. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 67 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 HE REDUCES HIS PRINCIPLES TO PRAC- 
 TICE HIS HEJIRA. 
 
 He was now in possession of two simple 
 powers, compress and vacuum, equal to 
 every end and object of encephalic prac- 
 tice. He thus found himself placed in 
 the most enviable position in which man 
 ever stood ! He saw, in his prospect, 
 every evil tendency of the mind vanish, 
 and every valuable faculty rise into vi- 
 gour, at his command. He had gained 
 for himself a province, which embraced 
 the final objects of all philosophies, phy- 
 sical and moral ; and he had brought 
 them all within his grasp, as entirely as 
 he who turns the handle of an organ is 
 master and producer of all its varieties 
 of tune. Conscious of the purity and 
 benevolence of his own heart, he blessed 
 
68 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 Heaven that such a power, as dangerous 
 by abuse as beneficial by use, had not 
 fallen to the lot of any other individual ; 
 and he revelled in the honest ambition 
 of effecting a revolution amongst the 
 nations of Christendom, that should per- 
 fect their morals, exalt their genius, and 
 extinguish all their animosities. 
 
 But he determined, first, to operate 
 upon his own cranion ; not only that he 
 might be more intimately acquainted 
 with, and more competent to record ac- 
 curately, the progress of the two pro- 
 cesses ; but he thought that he was 
 justly entitled to take the first benefit of 
 his own discovery, and thus to gain a 
 long step before all others, so that he 
 could never afterwards be overtaken. It 
 was therefore his determination to se- 
 clude himself from his family and the 
 world during a space of two years, dur- 
 ing which time he should subsist under 
 the constant influence of his compress 
 and vacuum; so that the ratios upon 
 which he directed them should be re- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 69 
 
 spectively perfected in suppression and 
 development, before any other persons 
 should begin to derive the benefits of his 
 discovery. 
 
 He had therefore to determine, on 
 which ratio he should place the com- 
 press, and on which the vacuum. His 
 system had always been nervously ex- 
 citable by every novel or remarkable 
 object or circumstance ; and though his 
 temper was never affected, yet his own 
 internal comfort was constantly disturbed 
 by repeated calls from a composure 
 which he regarded as the summum bonum 
 of life. Feeling this to be the point in 
 which his own personal enjoyment was 
 principally concerned, he was more than 
 ever struck, at opening accidentally on 
 those lines of Horace in which that great 
 practical moralist affirms : 
 " Nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, 
 " Solaque quae ipossitfacere et servare beatumP 
 
 M To lead a happy life if thou desire, 
 " Numicius ! cease for ever to admire" 
 
70 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 The truth of this maxim came upon 
 his mind with peculiar force; he was 
 profoundly convinced of its justness; and 
 he resolved to fix a very strong compress 
 upon his turbulent org. admi-ratio. He 
 was next to consider where he should 
 establish the vacuum; and running his 
 eye down his column of ratios, it stopped 
 at the org. aspi-ratio. He had ascer- 
 tained, that the inspiration of genius was 
 always in direct proportion to the deve- 
 lopment of this sub-ratio. This organ 
 was therefore definitively fixed upon to 
 receive the benefit of the vacuum; and 
 he resolved to afford it that space in 
 elevation, which its natural limits would 
 not permit in any other direction. He 
 now made several preparations for his 
 projected journey, unknown to his mo- 
 ther and her family ; who still resided 
 with him, and whom he would never 
 suffer to quit the paternal dwelling. 
 
 But, it is necessary that the reader 
 should make acquaintance with Gans; 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 71 
 
 who was to form the only companion of 
 Dr. Hirnsch'adel during the biennial 
 term of his mysterious retreat. After 
 the Doctor's final return from the Uni- 
 versity of Frankfort, and his establish- 
 ment in the hereditary mansion; he found 
 it necessary to add to his household a 
 servant, who should attend him in the 
 prosecution of his scientific pursuits. In 
 seeking for an individual on whose assi- 
 duity, intelligence, and expertness so 
 much was to depend, he proceeded with 
 great caution ; minutely inspecting every 
 cranion that presented itself for his ser- 
 vice, in order to read the qualities and 
 dispositions that lurked within. Many 
 were examined, and rejected; in some, 
 very objectionable ratios were strongly 
 developed; in others, the desirable or- 
 gans, though tolerably well developed, 
 were counteracted or neutralized by the 
 development of adverse ratios. During 
 this perplexity, his eye chanced to fall 
 upon a youth of nineteen, of his own 
 
72 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 village, whom he had not before noticed, 
 but who now strongly fixed his atten- 
 tion. The cranion of this youth, whose 
 name was Yacob Gans, was remarkable, 
 not for the development of this or that 
 organ, but for the total absence of all 
 development. Its superficies was as 
 orbicularly level as that of a terrestrial 
 globe ; and Dr. Hirnschadel declared, 
 that he had never seen so fine and uni- 
 form a concame-ratio of the united organs, 
 even in a fatus. F? regarded this phe- 
 nomenon as a virgin cranion placed at 
 his disposal, to receive its first develop- 
 ment from him ; in such manner, and by 
 such rules, as he himself should deter- 
 mine. He viewed it as a ball of wax 
 which he might mould to his own de- 
 signs ; he therefore took him into his 
 service to attend his library, dissecting- 
 room, and laboratory : but, Gans's cra- 
 nion was made of any thing but wax. 
 He was a very good-natured creature; 
 and always wore a smile, which, though 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 73 
 
 always unintelligent, was always inoffen- 
 sive. As no ratio was developed, so the 
 manifestation of any was not expected 
 by his equitable master, whose good 
 temper submitted to present inconve- 
 nience, in prospect of the advantages he 
 should derive from his own eductions 
 from the virgin cranion ; but which, for a 
 long time, he had not leisure to com- 
 mence. The only ratios which appeared 
 to give promise of future, though with- 
 out any actual development, were the 
 orgg. ite-ratio, ponde-ratio, vigo-ratio, 
 and vene-ratio. If he was ordered to do 
 any thing for a particular occasion, he 
 would continue to do the same, though 
 the occasion had ceased, until specially 
 ordered to desist ; and he placed a china 
 dish on a table, with the same measure 
 of force with which he would set a loaded 
 trunk on the floor. His strength was 
 extraordinary for his years; and his 
 obedience to his master seemed as in- 
 stinctive as that of his poodle to himself. 
 
 E 
 
74 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 The orgg. conside-ratio and matu-ratio, 
 were as yet totally dormant. Dr. 
 Hirnsch'adel proposed to take advan- 
 tage of the leisure of his approaching 
 retirement, to execute his operations on 
 Gans's ratios, as well as on his own. 
 
 All things being ready for his biennial 
 seclusion, he set out with Gans in a 
 morning of the month of May ; without 
 any other attendant, or any other com- 
 munication to his family, than that he 
 was going to make an excursion of some 
 weeks into Silesia ; but, not having any 
 preconcerted plans, he could fix no place 
 to which they could direct letters to him, 
 after Breslaw. He requested them, at 
 the same time, to be under no apprehen- 
 sion concerning him, if his absence should 
 be extended beyond the time he had 
 named ; and he assured them, that they 
 should hear from him regularly, at least 
 every month. After loitering a short 
 time on the frontier of Saxony, he tra- 
 versed Silesia longitudinally, by the line 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 75 
 
 of the Oder; and entering Galicia, fol- 
 lowed the base of the Carpathian moun- 
 tains until he reached a small retired 
 village at their foot, near Jaczinow, equi- 
 distant from the frontiers of Hungary and 
 Moldavia. This quiet and sequestered spot 
 afforded, in every respect, such a retreat 
 as he sought ; and he took up his abode 
 in the house of a respectable farmer. 
 Finding his situation very comfortable in 
 this family, he made arrangements with 
 the farmer and his wife, for his permanent 
 residence with them ; for, though his 
 baldness and bareness never failed at first 
 sight to operate repulsively, yet bis 
 countenance, deportment, and conver- 
 sation speedily exercised so powerful an 
 attraction, that no one ever parted from 
 him without experiencing a very sincere 
 regret. 
 
 After a lapse of four or five days, 
 which were devoted to rest, and as many 
 more to the ordering and cleaning of his 
 apparatus, he began to put himself under 
 
76 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 the permanent discipline of his compress 
 and vacuum. He had brought with him 
 a portable air-pump of his own invention, 
 of strong power and most curious con- 
 struction, adapted to act upon the rhombic 
 form of each ratio, or, more properly 
 speaking, of their nidi. His own compress 
 consisted of a piece of solid gold, shaped 
 to the ratio, and weighing three ounces : 
 it was confined in a band which sur- 
 rounded the cranion ; and when fixed in 
 its place, was secured by a tourniquet, 
 which received a slight turn every morn- 
 ing, at first rising : at which period, the 
 doctor found the texture of the cranion 
 to be more compliant than at any other 
 hour of the day. This compress had 
 been made under his own direction, by 
 an ingenious artist of Kustrin, from two 
 watch-cases and a pair of shoe-buckles, 
 long hereditary in the family ; and he 
 thought, that he could not pay a higher 
 tribute of respect to his ancestors who 
 wore them, than by exalting them to the 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 77 
 
 elevated office to which he had now 
 destined them. The vacuum consisted of 
 a vessel of the finest flint glass, with a 
 rhombic orifice, three inches high, each 
 inch divided into 30°, and graduated up- 
 wards on the outside, zero being exactly 
 on a level with the actual surface of the 
 nidus. The air-pump was exercised 
 every morning, at the compliant season 
 above mentioned, upon each nidus, until 
 the effect became somewhat distressing, 
 in order gradually to supple the obduracy 
 of the cranion ; after which, the compress 
 and the vacuum were carefully affixed to 
 their respective organs. To lengthen the 
 adhesive effect of the vacuum, and to 
 prevent its too frequent renewal, its rim 
 was fixed to a piece of thick leather well 
 soaked to resist the intrusion of the 
 external air; and an assortment of these 
 standing in a pan of water, together with 
 a lamp, were always ready at hand to 
 replace each as they became detached. 
 Thushelmeted, our encephalologist passed 
 
78 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 his days ; absorbed into his own feel- 
 ings, lest any cephalic symptom or sen- 
 sation should escape his notice, and fail 
 of due recordation. 
 
 He had also commenced his operations 
 upon Gans ; in order to which, the head 
 of the latter had been very closely shaved. 
 The preventive compress which he had 
 contrived for it, consisted of calculated 
 proportions of lead and zinc. Being un- 
 able himself to undertake the violence of 
 the manual pneumatic exercise, lest he 
 should displace or disturb his own attach- 
 ments, he could only fix the instruments ; 
 and a servant of the farmer was employed 
 as the active operator. As the effect of the 
 operation was always very speedily sensi- 
 ble to his own head, he was extremely ten- 
 der of the feelings of his co-patient, and 
 cautioned the operator not to proceed with 
 inconsiderate violence. After some mi- 
 nutes of pneumatic exhaustion, he asked 
 Gans " How he did?" To which Gans re- 
 plied, " That he teas very well" The 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 79 
 
 doctor then directed the operator to 
 increase the force of the action, until 
 Gans should bid him desist, or should 
 evince by his countenance some emotion 
 of distress. When the operation had been 
 gently continued for nearly a quarter of an 
 hour, the doctor, who began to be alarmed, 
 asked Gans " what he felt V Gans, to 
 whose perception the action had been 
 only a soothing undulatory motion exciting 
 somnolency, and who was fallen into a 
 doze, made no reply ; but being roused, 
 and the question repeated, he s&id," that he 
 "felt nothing" This insensibility a good 
 deal perplexed the doctor ; he imagined, 
 that it must result from the perfection, and 
 consequently the strength, of the arch 
 of the concame-ratio. He therefore direct- 
 ed the operator to cease for the present. 
 The same attempt was repeatedly made 
 to rouse the sensibility of the cranion of 
 Gans, but always with the same ill 
 success ; which became a source of very 
 unseasonable disquietude to the doctor, 
 
80 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 under his own personal circumstances. 
 Another source of disappointment was 
 the rapid growth of Gans's hair. Though 
 closely shaved away, in forty-eight hours 
 it began to spring again with such luxu- 
 riancy and such bristly strength, as to 
 have unseated the vacuum, had an occa- 
 sion for its application been produced. 
 The doctor, therefore, after many infruc- 
 tuous attempts, deemed it expedient, to 
 postpone still further the evocation of 
 Gans's encephalic functionaries, until he 
 should obtain sufficient leisure after his 
 return to Saxony ; and to confine all his 
 attention, whilst he remained in Galicia, 
 to the superior importance of his own 
 case. 
 
 Nearly six months had elapsed, before 
 Dr. Hirnsch'adel perceived any notable 
 change ; but, about that period, although 
 the compressed organ remained stationary, 
 and the solicited organ kept its level with 
 zero, yet he began to feel a composure 
 amidst the incidents of the day to which 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 81 
 
 he had hitherto been a stranger ; and, at 
 the same time, a brightness and facility 
 of mental conception, which diffused a 
 correspondent brightness over his coun- 
 tenance. These were sure prognostics of 
 ultimate success ; and this internal notice 
 of consummating development, inspired 
 him with the patience requisite for await- 
 ing the dilatory period of its complete 
 manifestation. It was not until the ap- 
 proach of the following spring, that the 
 long desired evidence revealed itself dis- 
 tinctly to the eye. On looking attentively 
 at the scale on the vacuum before a win- 
 dow, with a looking-glass in each hand, 
 Dr. Hirnschadel clearly perceived, by the 
 angle of vision, that the surface of the 
 nidus must have risen eight degrees 
 above zero. In the mean time, the com- 
 press required another twist of the tour- 
 niquet to keep it quite firm in its place. 
 He joyfully called Gans to witness the 
 declared elevation of the ratio; but 
 Gans, after staring some time in all 
 e2 
 
82 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 directions, declared, " that he could see 
 " no change at all ;" nor was he able to 
 discern any, until it had risen upwards of 
 half an inch. The great effort, however, 
 was now made, and the great obstacle 
 was now overcome. Nature was called, 
 or rather forced into action, according to 
 new laws ; and the progress which was 
 so tardy in its commencement, was no 
 less rapid in its advance. An accurate 
 register was kept by Dr. Hirnschadel, of 
 the changes of the two organs ; and, 
 whereas, it had been sufficient at first to 
 note them twice in the month, it became 
 requisite at last to mark them three times 
 in the week. 
 
 The aspi-ratio having, at length, ac- 
 quired the development which Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel's internal indications pointed out 
 to him to be sufficient, the air-pump was 
 discontinued. The enlarged nidus was well 
 soaked, several times in the day, with 
 pledgets saturated with a strong solution 
 of phosphat of lime, to confirm its sub- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 83 
 
 stance ; and, in the intervals, the vacuum 
 was affixed, to secure its form. 
 
 It is unnecessary to follow our ence- 
 phalologist more minutely through each 
 year of his bienniurn ; suffice it to record, 
 that at the expiration of that term, suc- 
 cess had realised his warmest hopes. It 
 was now the question of returning. 
 During the period of his absence, he 
 never informed his family of his actual 
 residence ; and, in supplying them with 
 monthly assurances of his good health, 
 he employed no other date than "from 
 " the Carpathian mountains;" so that he 
 had received no tidings from them, since 
 he first passed through Breslaw. But, the 
 almost magic effect of the reduction of the 
 org. admi-ratio, caused him to endure that 
 long silence with the most perfect equa- 
 nimity. 
 
84 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 
 HE RETURNS TO SAXONY — DISPLAYS 
 HIS PRACTICE — PREPARES TO DELI- 
 VER HIS LECTURES BECOMES FIRST 
 
 ACQUAINTED WITH THE WORKS OF 
 GALL AND SPURZHEIM — HIS OBSER- 
 VATIONS UPON THEM. 
 
 He now set out on his return to Saxony; 
 pursuing the same road by which he had 
 left it, as being best adapted to the org. 
 ite-ratio of Gans. When he was within a 
 few miles of his home, he halted for half a 
 day, and sent Gans forward to apprize his 
 family of his arrival; but, more especially, 
 to prepare them for the great change they 
 were about to witness in his person : at the 
 same time, giving him full and minute in- 
 structions how he should proceed in that 
 delicate service, and what he should say. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 85 
 
 Gans arrived in the village about noon; 
 and his unexpected presence, as he passed 
 along, excited the most animated interest. 
 Every individual accosted him, and fol- 
 lowed him with questions concerning his 
 master ; but he so far punctually obeyed 
 his instructions, as to speak to no one 
 before he had communicated with the 
 family. When he arrived at the castle, 
 all was presently agitation and dismay. 
 The appearance of Gans without his mas- 
 ter, struck the whole family with a chill 
 of horror ; especially, as a long and terri- 
 ble pause ensued, whilst Gans waited for 
 them to inquire, and they waited for 
 Gans to report : during which interval 
 they earnestly gazed on each other. 
 Nor was that affection at all relieved by 
 a smile which Gans had assumed of more 
 than usual significancy ; for they knew 
 that he always wore a smile even under 
 circumstances the most mournful, so that 
 little comfort could be derived, on the 
 present occasion, from that expression. 
 
86 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 At length, one of the family ventured, 
 hesitatingly, to ask after his master; to 
 which Gans laconically replied — " He's 
 " coming" Encouraged by this informa- 
 tion, another eagerly inquired — " Is he 
 " well?" to which Gans emphatically an- 
 swered, with a grin — "Yes, he's well." 
 The emphasis thrown upon the last word, 
 seemed to betoken something mysteri- 
 ous; and he was again asked — " Is any 
 " thing the matter?" to which Gans an- 
 swered, with the same countenance — 
 "You'll see!" Great was the anxiety 
 awakened by this answer, and endless 
 the questions vociferated around him to 
 extort a fuller and more definite replica- 
 tion ; but, none of these produced any 
 effect upon the imperturbable Gans, who, 
 without being hurried or disconcerted, 
 only iterated, with the same grin, the same 
 unsatisfying answer — " You'll see — You'll 
 " see!" After many wearisome and appre- 
 hensive hours of impatience and watch- 
 ing, Dr. Hirnschadel at length arrived 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 87 
 
 once more at the baronial door ; at which, 
 all the members of the family and house- 
 hold were congregated in a cluster. The 
 reader will remember, that our encepha- 
 lologist never wore any covering to his 
 head ; when, therefore, he appeared in the 
 court of the castle elevated upon his 
 steed, the prediction of Gans was punctu- 
 ally fulfilled: they did see — that which 
 filled them with horror and alarm ! The 
 liberated organ had acquired a prominence 
 something like a wen; whilst the de- 
 pressed organ exhibited an indenture, as if 
 a portion of the skull had been extracted 
 by the operation of the trepan ! Their 
 imaginations at once beheld, in< all of 
 these, monuments of dangers which he 
 had encountered in the Carpathian moun- 
 tains ; and their agonies were presently 
 interrupted by a raging curiosity to hear, 
 all at once, the details of his conflicts 
 with robbers, his slavery among the Turks 
 of Moldavia, and his fortunate escape 
 from their thraldom. They had the hap- 
 
88 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 piness, however, of seeing him in perfect 
 health ; and the extraordinary characters 
 of placidness and augmented brilliancy 
 combined in his countenance, manner, 
 and conversation, were not tardy in fix- 
 ing their observation and exciting their 
 admiration. They chided him for the 
 length of his absence, the mystery of 
 his retirement, and the consequent misery 
 he had caused to their affections ; but he 
 playfully over-ruled all their rebukes, 
 saying, that he had only had his Hejira, 
 like Mahomet, and that it would prove 
 of no less benefit to his science, than it 
 had been to the religion of the false 
 prophet. By degrees, he put them in 
 full possession of his whole history ; and 
 convinced them, that his cranion had ex- 
 perienced no other violence than that of 
 his own compress and vacuum, and, that 
 it had never been subjected to the sway 
 of any other despot than that of the 
 dominant Ratio resident within. 
 
 The intelligence of his return was soon 
 
# 
 
 ENCEPHALOI,OGY. 89 
 
 bruited abroad ; and many came to visit 
 him from Kustrin. Many also of his 
 scientific friends of Frankfort-upon-Oder, 
 anxiously repaired to his castle ; and the 
 village below, could with difficulty furnish 
 accommodation for the overflow of those 
 who came with the determination of 
 making a long sojourn, that they might 
 reap the earliest harvest of the instruction 
 which he had now qualified himself to 
 impart, and that they might witness the 
 wonderful effects of his new and mira- 
 culous practice. 
 
 To introduce a catalogue of all the cases 
 of its triumphant success, would be inter- 
 minable, and consequently, could not be 
 attempted in so brief an account as this; I 
 shall, therefore, only instance one or two. 
 The first case which he undertook after 
 his return, was that of a notorious scold, 
 who was the torment of the village ; and 
 in whom the orgg. obi-ratio, vitupe-ratio, 
 vocife-ratio, and exec-ratio, had grown in 
 frightful coequality. Her relations placed 
 
90 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 her at the entire disposal of Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel ; and in less than eight months he 
 had the satisfaction of totally suppressing 
 the first two and the last of those ratios ; 
 of considerably reducing the second ; and 
 of educing into crescent manifestation, 
 the orgg. mode-ratio, vene-ratio, and susur- 
 ratio. In a distressing case of lunacy, 
 he had equal success in reducing, by a 
 powerful compress, the orgg. deli-ratio 
 and despe-ratio ; and of calling into supe- 
 rior manifestation, the Must-ratio, *spe- 
 ratio, and accu-ratio. 
 
 After twelve months, which he took to 
 prepare and arrange all his materials, he 
 disposed himself to deliver those Lectures 
 on the Principles and Practice of E?icepha- 
 lology, which he had so long projected ; 
 of which he had already disclosed the 
 Elements; and to attend which, the cele- 
 brity of his name had now drawn together 
 such numbers, as to render his little vil- 
 lage of Hirnschadel a congress of some 
 of the most enlightened persons of the 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 91 
 
 neighbouring cities and universities of 
 Germany and Poland. 
 
 It was exactly at this critical period, 
 when he was on the point of commencing 
 his course of Encephalology , and whilst his 
 auditors were on the tiptoe of expecta- 
 tion, that Dr. Hirnschadel first became ac- 
 quainted with the names and writings of 
 the Doctors Gall and Spurzheim. The 
 reputation of Dr. Gall had travelled with 
 such impetuous velocity in the parallel 
 of Vienna westward, to Paris, and from 
 thence to London, that it was not until 
 its return from the latter parallel eastward, 
 into Germany, that it reached the seclud- 
 ed abode of our noble encephalologist ; 
 having attracted that of Dr. Spurzheim, 
 in the way. He now received their re- 
 spective works ; which were transmitted 
 to him by one of his early disciples, who 
 had travelled to Paris, and from thence 
 into England. He opened them with 
 a palpitating eagerness, his modesty 
 prompting him to look on their arrival 
 
92 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 at this particular moment, as a myste- 
 rious favour of fortune; and he embraced 
 them as the means of adding extensively 
 to his own knowledge, without the 
 slightest affection of jealousy arising 
 from the discovery, that those distin- 
 guished men had already entered a line 
 of pursuit which he had opened for him- 
 self, and which, by his single genius, he 
 had prosecuted to its ultimate termina- 
 tion. He immediately suspended the 
 commencement of his Lectures for a 
 month ; in order that he might enrich 
 them with the new and important truths, 
 which his candour and humility convinced 
 him he should find in the writings of 
 those authors. He passed many entire 
 days in reading, studying, and pondering 
 over their works ; during which time his 
 words and his countenance were curi- 
 ously watched by those who were nearest 
 him. Nothing, however, could be col- 
 lected from the former; but, the latter 
 was observed to wear an expression of 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 93 
 
 very considerable disappointment. At 
 length, on finishing the last work, he was 
 secretly perceived to lay the book very 
 deliberately on his table ; and, in a mood 
 of mental absorption, and with a smile of 
 unsarcastic dissatisfaction, to exclaim in 
 the words of the Egyptian priest to 
 Solon — aei Trades ears — <c Ye are still but 
 "children!" 
 
 As he had rendered himself com- 
 pletely master of the principles and 
 doctrines of those writers, his opinion 
 respecting them was eagerly sought by 
 his numerous auditors ; but he artfully 
 avoided expressing any positive opinion, 
 feeling it a very delicate point to give 
 judgment in a question in which he was 
 a party so deeply interested ; and fearing, 
 lest any condemnation which he might 
 be drawn to pronounce, should be as- 
 cribed to a motive abhorrent to his 
 nature. Urged, however, very strongly 
 by some of his senior auditors, to say, 
 generally, what he thought of them ? he 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 replied, after a short consideration : — 
 " Why, good — very good; but — little — 
 " very little : good, as far as they go ; but 
 " they g° so little a way, that it is tanta- 
 " mount to not going at all." Some of his 
 auditors, in their zeal, were forward in 
 pointing out, that he was the first to 
 open this peculiar field of science ; but 
 he repressed them at once, by saying, 
 that the question of priority is as uncer- 
 tain as it is unimportant ; that two minds 
 may separately and independently hit 
 upon a truth which offers itself equally 
 to all ; that the first man who cut down 
 a tree is undoubtedly the author of cabi- 
 net-making 5 and, that as Drs. Gall and 
 Spurzheim preceded him in print, he 
 cheerfully surrendered to them all the 
 benefit they could derive from that typo- 
 graphical priority. Some ventured to 
 suggest, that these learned Doctors had 
 surreptitiously derived their fundamental • 
 principles from him ; but he repelled this 
 suggestion with indignation, affirming, 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 95 
 
 that if they had derived their principles 
 from him, it was quite impossible they 
 should have halted where they did, and 
 not have pursued them to a common 
 issue with him ; and therefore, the infruc- 
 tuosity of their principles, in consequence 
 of their early suppression of their pro- 
 gress, was demonstration that they had 
 drawn them only from their own genius. 
 
 Averse, however, as he was to pro- 
 nounce a judgment upon those authors, 
 and ingenious in finding the means of 
 evading it; the period of the opening of 
 his Lectures was now at hand, when he 
 could not, with consistency or propriety, 
 indulge any longer his reserve. He 
 owed to his auditory, to himself, and to 
 his science, to enter into a full comparison 
 of the doctrines of the Cranion and Phren, 
 propounded by those Doctors, with that 
 of the Encephalus, which he himself was 
 preparing to unfold. He felt the full 
 force and reason of the obligation which 
 was now imposed upon him ; and there- 
 
96 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 fore, when the path of duty became dis- 
 tinctly marked out to his intelligence, he 
 determined to do effectually, what at the 
 same time he felt he could not do other- 
 wise than very reluctantly. He there- 
 fore declared his disapprobation of the 
 doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim, in th6 
 following energetic manner. 
 
 In the first place; he dwelt on the 
 vacillatory, and very opposite denomina- 
 tions given by them and their school to 
 one and the same science, sometimes de- 
 nominating it from the cr anion, (crani- 
 ology,) sometimes from the phren, (phren- 
 ology) ; by which oscillation of the vib- 
 ratio, they missed, without being aware 
 of it, the proper object of their own sci- 
 ence, which was neither the cranion nor 
 the phren. The object they both sought 
 was the encephalus or brain, lying between 
 the two ; yet, they sometimes named their 
 science after the case which contained it, 
 and sometimes after the unattainable 
 agent that uses it for its instrument: 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 97 
 
 thus evidently betraying, in the first in- 
 stance, an unfixedness of first principles. 
 He compared it to taking shelter from the 
 cold of the North Pole in the cold of the 
 South Pole, without perceiving the equa- 
 torial and temperate regions that lie be- 
 tween. He would say, that one hit on 
 one side of the nail, and the other on the 
 other side, whereas Encephalology hits it 
 directly on the head. 
 
 He objected next, that they describe 
 circular figures, of arbitrary forms and 
 sizes, over the whole cranion, calling them 
 organs, all which they number; but, need- 
 ing more organs than the circular figures 
 can supply, they equally denominate or- 
 gans all the figures accidentally described 
 by the interstices between these : without 
 inquiring, first, directly or by analogy, 
 whether there is any evidence that a 
 portion of the encephalic organs are cir- 
 cular ; and next, whether other organs 
 obediently conform themselves to the 
 waste spaces left between the circular 
 
98 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 figures : whereas, the rhombic figures which 
 he described, (see pi. fig. 1.) left no waste 
 spaces, and rendered the forms similar in 
 all; which was far most agreeable to, and 
 best supported by, the economy and uni- 
 formity of nature. At the same time, 
 he rendered them the justice of acknow- 
 ledging ; that they have correctly, and 
 most perfectly, preserved the natural 
 analogy to the dorsal gestations of the 
 Bufo Surinamensis. (see pi. fig. 2 and 
 3 ; and Shaw's Zoology, vol. iii. p. 167.) 
 
 He observed, that after describing only 
 33 organs, they already found an organ 
 and a figure for every inch of the cranion ; 
 as if they had exactly embraced, in that 
 number, every faculty, disposition, and 
 propensity of the human mind : so that 
 all organs to be hereafter discovered in 
 the progress of the science, must neces- 
 sarily find all the places previously en- 
 gaged. Whereas, though he had ascer- 
 tained more than twice that number of 
 organs, yet, much space still remains for 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 99 
 
 future investigation ; in all that range 
 which he has denominated, the terra in- 
 cognita of the cephalic globe. 
 
 All their 33 organs are lumped together, 
 without exhibiting the slightest attention 
 to the fundamental distinction of cerebrum 
 and cerebellum ; so that, by their undistin- 
 guishing delineation or mapping of the 
 cranion, it would appear as if its contents 
 were either all cerebrum or all cerebellum ; 
 whereas, the distinction of these is 
 scrupulously noted in his reticulation, 
 and is essential in the science of Ence- 
 phalology. 
 
 The assumption, that each of the senses 
 has ttvo organs, merely because each has 
 two nerves, is preposterously to assume, 
 that two nerves cannot possibly meet in 
 a common and indivisible point of termi- 
 nation; which is the same as to assume, 
 that no two sides of a triangle can meet in 
 a common point, and therefore, that there 
 is, in fact, no triangle. But, the con- 
 sciousness of unity of impression ultimately 
 
100 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 received from the two nerves, (which unity 
 they themselves admit,) is a far more de- 
 cisive proof of the unity of organ, than 
 the visible duality of nerves in their pro- 
 gress can be, of the duality of organ. 
 
 Whilst enforcing this argument, he took 
 occasion to digress to a very curious 
 point respecting the animal frame in ge- 
 neral; in order to shew, how ready the 
 mind is to assume duality, in a case of 
 the most absolute unity. We familiarly 
 speak of flexor muscles, and extensor 
 muscles ; until, because we bend the 
 arm and extend the arm, we assume 
 that we exercise two different powers — 
 in the one case a bending power, and in 
 the other case an extending power ; and yet, 
 the mechanical power which the animal 
 frame, whether human or brute, exerts or 
 can exert, is absolutely one, and one only, 
 viz., the power of contraction. By the 
 exercise of this single power, in various 
 muscles previously disposed with infinite 
 skill, and directed and attached to differ- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY, 101 
 
 «nt parts of an equally skilful osseous 
 structure and machinery, (in which exer- 
 cise we are unconsciously in course of edur 
 cation from the first instant of birth,) the 
 opposite effects of flexure and extension, by 
 which limbs are moved and bodies pro- 
 pelled, are produced ; but, the author of 
 this diversity of effect, is the author of 
 the frame ; we ourselves, are only con- 
 tractors of its muscles. Whoever will feel, 
 with ordinary attention, the inner muscles 
 <of his arm when he bends the limb, and 
 the outer muscles when he extends it, 
 will be sensible, that all he does is to ex- 
 ercise a similar contractile action in both 
 cases ; and the flexion and extension that 
 follow are in no other way attributable 
 to himself, than that he pulls, as it were, 
 a string on one side, and the arm-bone is 
 previously prepared to come in by the 
 hinge of the joint ; and he pulls a string 
 on the other side, and the arm-bone is 
 previously prepared to go out by the same 
 hinge. It is thus that all manual ope- 
 rations are achieved ; it is thus that a man 
 
102 ENCEPHALOLOGY, 
 
 walks, and that a horse scours over a 
 plain ; viz., by successive and balancing 
 contractions. Opposite muscles, therefore, 
 only balance each others contractile action. 
 If that action is exerted beyond a certain 
 point, the balance is impaired or de- 
 stroyed. Of this we see a moderate effect 
 in the string-halt of horses ; and we feel 
 it, in violent effect, in cramp or spasm. 
 Perhaps a more curious or awful subject 
 could not be scrutinized, than the laws 
 and limits of voluntary and involuntary 
 contraction. As, therefore, we can trace 
 the two opposite effects of our motions to 
 one and the same action, so we may trace 
 the two nerves of the senses to one and 
 the same organ ; and, in both cases, by 
 the unity of consciousness. 
 
 These are some of the general objections 
 which Dr. Hirnsch'adel opposed to the 
 Ologies of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim : he 
 next took an argumentative review of the 
 three principles which constitute the " Out- 
 u line of their System." 
 
 " The principal points/' say those 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 103 
 
 teachers, "which are conceived to be 
 % established, are the following :" 
 
 " 1. That the brain is the material 
 " instrument by means of which the mind 
 " carries on intercourse with the external 
 " world. 
 
 a 2. That the brain is an aggregate of 
 ** parts, each of which has a special and 
 " determinate function. 
 
 " 3. That the form of the brain can be 
 "ascertained by inspecting the cranium; 
 " and that the functions of the several 
 " parts may be determined by comparing 
 " the size with the power of manifesting 
 " the mental faculties." 
 
 These propositions, embrace all the 
 fundamental principles of the Cranion 
 and Phren. 
 
 Now, Dr. Hirnschadel acknowledged, 
 that the 1st and 2d of these propositions 
 are almost verbatim the same as his own ; 
 only, they are expressed with less refection 
 and less precision. But then, a jump is 
 made (over his 2d, 3d, and 4th, which im- 
 mediately flow from the former two,) in 
 
104 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 order at once to reach a 3d; which is con- 
 sequently defective and erroneous, bat 
 which, nevertheless, concludes their Sys- 
 tems, It is affirmed in these proposi- 
 tions, 1st, That the form of the brain can 
 be ascertained by inspecting the cranion, 
 that is, its external surface : and 2d, that 
 the functions of its parts may be deter- 
 mined by " comparing the size" (of what ? 
 for it is not stated ; but, we must suppose, of 
 the nidi,) " with the power of manifesting 
 " the mental faculties." 
 
 The first of these affirmations, is posi- 
 tively contrary to fact. Unless the external 
 surface exactly and always represented its 
 internal surface, (which most certainly it 
 does not,) it could not enable us, of itself, 
 to ascertain the form of the brain. It is 
 not, therefore, by mere external inspection 
 that this knowledge can ever be obtained ; 
 it is only by acquiring an ability to infer 
 the internal surface from the external; 
 and it is not possible to acquire that 
 ability, unless by a long practice, com- 
 mencing, like his own, in the first years 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 105 
 
 of infancy. Dr. Gall, himself, did not 
 begin the practice half early enough to 
 contract that habit, if he had sought it, 
 and Dr. Spurzheim began it considerably 
 too late ; but, neither of those Ologists 
 directed his attention to the internal sur- 
 face, remaining perfectly contented with 
 the negative evidence of the external. 
 He naturally considered even Dr. Gall 
 an o^ipaQns (late-learner) in the sci- 
 ence, compared with himself; and he 
 would pleasantly say — " Remember the 
 words of Cicero ! •' — o^if^e^ homines scis 
 " quam insolentes sint — you know how as- 
 " sumptuous and positive late-learners are"* 
 The second affirmation, according to their 
 own principles, is equally against fact; for, 
 to compare the size of a nidus with the 
 power of manifesting the mental faculties, 
 is impossible ; there can be no apprehen- 
 sible proportion between them : we may 
 compare it, indeed, with actual manifest- 
 ation o{ the faculties, but certainly not with 
 
 * Ad Fam. ix. 20. 
 f2 
 
106 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 the power of manifesting, for that power may 
 greatly exceed the actual capacity of the 
 nidus afforded to it : as is demonstrated by 
 the experiment of the bean and tile. 
 
 But, supposing those three principles to 
 be sound and unobjectionable: yet, they 
 would scarcely furnish a vestibule for the 
 science. He would ask, what is gained 
 by them unless we advance ? they are no 
 more, with relation to the Science to which 
 they point, than the rules of the three con- 
 cords to the knowledge of the Latin tongue. 
 They resemble, with their circular organs, 
 a road of round pebbles made a little 
 way into a wood, and suddenly termi- 
 nating at the brambles and bushes 
 which obstruct all further progress ; 
 whereas Encepkalology, with its rhombic 
 and reticulated organs, resembles the same 
 road renewed, macadamized*, and carried 
 quite through to the country beyond. 
 He could not conceive, how those eminent 
 
 * The Mac Adam System is making great pro- 
 gress in Germany. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 107 
 
 men could go even as far as they did, 
 without plainly perceiving the compress 
 and vacuum within their own horizon ; 
 " since every Thaler (he would say) might 
 •' have suggested to them the former, and 
 u every Trinkglas the latter." They ap- 
 peared to him something like the tra- 
 veller who journeyed to see Jerusalem, 
 and, having gained a view of it from the 
 nearest eminence, stopped and turned 
 back. He made all his auditors tho- 
 roughly sensible, that if those three cele- 
 brated propositions be duly made to yield 
 their natural and legitimate consequences, 
 and the third be rectified from all its obli- 
 quities, they must of necessity terminate in 
 the same general issue tvith his own encepha- 
 lology; but, exhibited in the suspension of 
 growth and suppression of progress in 
 which their authors have left them, they 
 can only be viewed in the light of an 
 abortion — an embryo that had failed in 
 utero matris. The little playful raillery 
 which he thus occasionally introduced 
 into his discourses, was not designed 
 
108 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 sarcastically, or pointed against the dis- 
 tinguished Ologists whose doctrines he 
 was investigating ; it was the expres- 
 sion of his own characteristic cheerful- 
 ness, and was merely designed to sustain 
 the attention of his auditors, and enliven 
 a subject often exceedingly tedious and 
 fatiguing. 
 
 With respect to the organs stated and 
 denominated by those teachers, and which 
 monopolize the whole of the cranion 
 even in the very infancy (nay, even before 
 the infancy) of the science ; he shewed, 
 that they were arbitrarily selected, fan- 
 tastically named, and, in some instances, 
 quite unintelligible. He specified that of 
 ie inhabitiveness" which he was convinced 
 Dr. Spurzheim himself did not clearly 
 understand ; since neither he, nor any 
 one of his auditors, could at all compre- 
 hend it, notwithstanding that Doctor's 
 elaborated explanation : "but, (he added,) 
 u supreme theorists, in the course of 
 s< their abstractions, are frequently drawn 
 " to embody their non-conceptions in 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 109 
 
 * words ; from which words, they con- 
 " ceive that conception of ideas must 
 ** arise in the minds of others." It 
 was evident, he said, that Dr. Spurz- 
 heim's mind was here labouring to con- 
 ceive the org. mo-ratio — staying or tarry- 
 ing; but it unfortunately miscarried, by 
 the injurious action of the org. f rust-ratio. 
 
 He now inserted in his table of ratios, 
 the names and numbers of all the Doctor's 
 organs, in order to exhibit their relative 
 paucity ; and likewise to shew, that they 
 consisted, generally, either of ratios un- 
 warrantably divided, or of their partial 
 operations. And he concluded, by jo- 
 cosely observing; that, as the one no- 
 menclature was devoid of all rhyme, so 
 was it nearly devoid of all reason ; whereas 
 his own nomenclature, as it unquestion- 
 ably abounded with rhyme, so did it also 
 unquestionably abound with reason. 
 
 There was, however, one particular 
 organ, in adverting to which Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel's natural cheerfulness forsook his 
 
110 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 countenance, and was replaced by an ex- 
 pression of stern indignation. The organ 
 which provoked this distressing character 
 of severity, was that which Dr. Spurzheim 
 places at the head of his series — into the 
 description of which he enters with such 
 earnest dedication of thought — and which 
 he denominates u the organ of amative- 
 ness:" this organ is the same that Dr. 
 Hirnschadel denominates * € org. gene- 
 ratio;" and on the subject of which, as 
 was before observed, he was memorably 
 brief and reserved. He expatiated largely 
 on Dr. Spurzheim's treatment of this 
 article, and with a high national feeling. 
 He dreaded lest the English nation, for 
 which he entertained a very particular 
 regard, and of whose refinement he had 
 conceived the most exalted opinion, should 
 receive this gross and offensive article as 
 a rule forjudging of the delicacy of the 
 German nations. He formally disclaimed 
 it from the chair, in the most emphatic 
 terms, calling it a blot upon the German 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. Ill 
 
 name; and affirming, that it could not 
 possibly advance the interests of sci- 
 ence; that it was too well qualified to 
 defile youthful minds ; but, that it could 
 afford no gratification whatever, unless 
 to a corrupt and purulent curiosity. He 
 made an animated and eloquent appeal 
 on this subject to his German auditors, 
 in the name of their country ; and his 
 appeal was answered by acclamations of 
 assent, which suspended the lecture for 
 a quarter of an hour. He pointed out to 
 them, that the English followers of Spurz- 
 heim, though they retain the principle of 
 the article, had cut off and cast away all 
 its corrupt appendages; as a needy person 
 will cut off all the putrid parts of a piece 
 of flesh, to obtain the little morsel which 
 wears the appearance of being sound. 
 He condemned, in the same tone, the 
 Doctor's unwarranted separation of this 
 organ from that which he has named 
 " philogenitiveness, or love of offspring/ 
 constituting them tzeo distinct organs ; 
 
112 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 whereas, he himself found them to be one 
 and the same in man, although in the 
 brute creation they are not united ; and 
 he supposed, that the latter fact was the 
 cause of Dr. Spurzheim's error. Yet, he 
 wondered how the Doctor could have 
 failed to perceive ; that their union, in the 
 human cerebral system, was determined 
 by the presence of a dominant Ratio, 
 which does not reside in that of brutes. 
 And he concluded his strictures, by 
 clearly demonstrating ; that the ** Cra- 
 nioscopy" so confidently asserted by the 
 two great Ologists, can never advance 
 them or their disciples to the" Psychology" 
 which they profess to seek as their end, 
 unless they pass through the Cranioso- 
 phy and Encephalology interposed between 
 the two : of which he then proceeded to 
 unfold the mysteries, and to display the 
 experimental benefits, in a series of forty- 
 seven Discourses, which electrified his 
 congregated auditory with delight and 
 admiration. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 113 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 HE PREPARES FOR A JOURNEY OF 
 EXPLORATION — PASSES THROUGH 
 LEIPSIG ARRIVES AT PARIS. 
 
 Having concluded the course of his lec- 
 tures on Encephalology, in which both 
 himself and his auditory were profoundly 
 sensible of the wonderful effect produced 
 by the enlargement and elevation of his 
 org. aspi-ratio ; Dr. Hirnschadel began to 
 contemplate the execution of a plan of 
 travel, which he had before meditated, 
 but which was finally determined by his 
 perusal of the works of Gall and Spurz- 
 heim. He now wished, to witness the 
 effect of their doctrines in the countries 
 where they were received ; and to exa- 
 mine, at the same time, the crania of 
 
114 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 those persons by whom they were em- 
 braced. He therefore made the requisite 
 preparations for his journey; but he did 
 not on this occasion take Gans with him, 
 who had received so violent a distaste 
 for travelling, from his excursion to the 
 Carpathian mountains, that nothing could 
 ever induce him again to quit the village 
 of his nativity. 
 
 Though Dr. Hirnschadel had persevered 
 in the practice of wearing no covering to 
 his head, the singularity of the effect was 
 immensely diminished at the years to 
 which he had now attained; his baldness, 
 only appeared like a very early loss of 
 hair ; and, as to the effects of the compress 
 and vacuum, so many middle-aged men 
 have wens, and so many have scars, that 
 his person attracted very little attention. 
 As, however, he wished to make his pro- 
 jected tour incognito , he thought it ex- 
 pedient to wear a hat, which he caused 
 to be made of the lightest materials. It 
 was his design to proceed by Dresden, 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 1 15 
 
 Leipsig, Frankfort on the Mayn, and 
 Metz, to Paris ; to pass some months in 
 the latter city ; and to proceed from thence 
 to London before the beginning of No- 
 vember, in which month, he was informed, 
 the suicidal epidemy, peculiar to the last- 
 mentioned metropolis, commenced and 
 raged. He was curious to acquire ocular 
 experience of the extraordinary inversion 
 of the org. lace-ratio which then takes 
 place, which renders it the organ of self- 
 destruction; (as a similar inversion of the 
 admi-ratio, renders it the organ of self- 
 love ;) and which, he had been assured, 
 declared itself as remarkably at that sea- 
 son, as the enlargement of the throats of 
 deer in the season of the rut. He passed 
 unobserved through Dresden, but he was 
 recognised at Leipsig, where he was ur- 
 gently solicited to visit a patient, who 
 laboured under a chronical cephalalgia 
 which her physicians were unable to 
 assuage. He presently ascertained, by 
 inspection, and by his encephalic ther- 
 
116 
 
 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 mometer, the ratio in which the pain was 
 seated. But, as he was resolved to 
 avoid all similar cases, and as the depar- 
 ture of the Diligence fortunately allowed 
 him but little time, he excused himself on 
 that ground from giving any decided 
 opinion on the case ; adding, that he was 
 unwilling to interfere in a line of practice 
 which he regarded as exclusively Dr. 
 Spurzheim's own : and he contented him- 
 self, with advising the patient to state her 
 case, minutely and unreservedly, to that 
 eminent Phrenologist; giving her, at the 
 same time, the Doctor's address in Lon- 
 don, from his book. 
 
 Nothing memorable occurred during 
 the sequel of his journey. On his arrival 
 at Paris, a considerable sensation was 
 produced amongst those eminently scien- 
 tific persons who had heard of his fame 
 in Saxony ; some of whom, indeed, had 
 been present at his lectures, and had 
 recognised him in spite of ail his precau- 
 tions. The interest which these expe- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 117 
 
 rienced, was rapidly propagated through- 
 out the most enlightened sages of that 
 capital. There is, perhaps, no spot upon 
 the face of the globe, where Nature is so 
 devoutly reverenced, even to an excess 
 bordering upon bigotry and superstition, 
 as in that celebrated city ; and conse- 
 quently, where any thing tending in the 
 smallest degree to question Her supre- 
 macy, or to contract the sphere of Her 
 operation, either in time or extent, is en- 
 countered with a nobler indignation, or a 
 more loyal and zealous resistance. This 
 devotion, considering the sex of the Power, 
 is the more remarkable in a people who so 
 strenuously uphold the principle of the 
 Salic law. This is not, indeed, the case, 
 universally ; but, chiefly in certain supe- 
 rior individuals of a^superior class, which 
 have received, or rather, which have right- 
 fully assumed to themselves the style of 
 " sapientes:" so Dr. Hirnschadel ren- 
 ders them in his Latin. "Ancient Greece," 
 he observed, (i could produce only seven of 
 
118 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 " this order; but in France they abound.'' 
 This is, indeed, the only country in which 
 such an Order constitutes a distinct body 
 of the State. The inventor of the com- 
 press and vacuum; the sublime genius 
 who had discovered the subjection of 
 mind to matter, and had acquired the 
 power of lifting up or treading down the 
 functions of the brain, and therewith of 
 the intellect; could not fail to receive the 
 most enthusiastic homage from some in- 
 dividuals of so distinguished an order of 
 a people, at once the most inquisitive and 
 the most polite. These looked with 
 admiration, and even with awe, at the 
 irresistible evidences which Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel's cranion exhibited, of the effi- 
 cacy of his science ! They delicately 
 solicited permission fo approach, and to 
 touch and examine them ; and they vied 
 with each other in the terms by which 
 they enounced the intensity of their 
 emotions. Every one was eager to expe- 
 rience the benefit of the sublimating pro- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 119 
 
 cess, and in the very organ in which it 
 had so proudly succeeded with the illus- 
 trious author; but, each wished first to 
 observe the process, scientifically, on the 
 cranion of his neighbour. There was one 
 circumstance which tended to disappoint 
 all in that wish: though the value of 
 the end to be attained was incalcu- 
 lable, yet it was necessarily to be at- 
 tended with an alteration in the form of 
 the head, which all were averse to under- 
 go. What they so rapturously admired 
 in the Doctor, they thought would be a 
 very ungracious disfigurement in them- 
 selves. In this dilemma, they by degrees 
 contented themselves with the proof of 
 the fact that stood before their eyes ; and 
 they even found a more abundant source 
 of delight in the latitude which it af- 
 forded them, of freely speculating, theo- 
 rizing, and deducing inferences, on the 
 relations of matter and mind. Those 
 inferences, in the rapid course of their de- 
 ductions, chanced to meet with resistance 
 
120 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 from Dr. Hirnschadel ; to whom they ap- 
 peared to tend to the deification of matter, 
 or at least to the ascription of all primary 
 effects to a mere nominal cause, which 
 left the mind without any intelligible 
 and available idea higher than matter 
 itself. He, therefore, argued the necessity 
 of referring to an intelligible idea, for 
 a primary cause to which all primary 
 effects, both of matter and of mind, must 
 be ultimately and practically referred ; 
 and, therefore, to an intelligent cause, 
 originally operative, and actually coer- 
 cive, even of nature Herself; and, being 
 a religious man, the progress of collision 
 in argument and enforcement threw him 
 by degrees within the intrenchments of 
 that theology, in which, as an earnest 
 and sincere Lutheran,, he was strongly 
 fortified. But, he had here passed to 
 ground totally foreign to the laws of 
 Sapiency and Philosophy ! Argument, 
 therefore, became suddenly suspended, 
 in the astonishment with which he was 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 121 
 
 now silently and curiously surveyed. He 
 had been contemplated in the zenith of 
 genius, he was now seen fallen to the 
 nadir of superstition. Civility for a time 
 continued, perhaps was increased ; but, 
 disappointment had given to it all the 
 rigor of formality. The animated interest 
 which he had at first excited among those 
 of the "sapientes" who had monopo- 
 lized him, gave place to something less 
 than indifference; and the regularity and 
 devotion with which it was discovered 
 that he attended the services of his own 
 Lutheran church, afforded full demonstra- 
 tion, that the quality of philosopher, which 
 had been conferred upon him with such 
 prodigal largess, had been hastily and 
 inconsiderately bestowed. The names of 
 Gall and Spurzheim, which had hitherto 
 been studiously avoided in his presence, 
 were now as studiously introduced, with 
 terms of high applause ; and Dr. Hirn- 
 schadel, after several weeks of residence, 
 found himself with a paucity of acquaint- 
 
122 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 ance, better proportioned to the arrival of 
 a stranger in a capital, than to the eve of 
 his departure from it. 
 
 This loss of exaggerated and capricious 
 applause, caused no disquiet to the placid 
 and unadmiring Doctor. He had had 
 abundant and sufficient opportunities of 
 examining the crania ofthe"sAPiENTEs," 
 which were his chief concern ; he wished 
 to compare them with those of the other 
 classes of the nation ; and he had now 
 acquired a freedom from complimentary 
 importunity, which enabled him peaceably 
 to pursue that object. He therefore de- 
 voted to it all the time that remained, 
 before his November visit to London. 
 He formed new acquaintances, and was 
 highly gratified with the courtesy he 
 experienced from all ranks of the nation. 
 Those acquaintances, opened to him vari- 
 ous channels by which he was enabled 
 to carry forward his important investi- 
 gations j until, at length, he accomplished 
 every object, which he had sought to at- 
 
ENCEPHALOL0GY. 123 
 
 tain by means of a residence in Paris, 
 The observations which he there made, 
 are elaborately drawn out in his Journal, 
 and will appear in his great work ; I shall 
 only here notice the general sum of them, 
 taken from the abbreviated notes which 
 he inserted in his Pocket-book. 
 
 He remarked a very extraordinary phe- 
 nomenon, peculiar to this nation. In 
 stating their encephalic characteristics, 
 he found himself obliged to adopt a chro- 
 nological arrangement, divided mto periods. 
 
 In Franco-Gallic crania of about forty 
 years ago, and upwards indefinitely, (for 
 so he denominated the French people,) he 
 found uniformly developed, in eminent 
 manifestation, the orgg. appa-ratio, aspi- 
 ratio, bettige-ratio, supe-ratio, celeb-ratio; 
 with which were extensively combined, 
 the orgg. obtempe-ratio and vene-ratio. 
 During a long succeeding series of years, 
 he found the first five of those organs 
 morbidly enlarged; and the last two 
 totally suppressed, and replaced by a 
 
124 EN CEP HALO LOGY. 
 
 tumid and irregular development of the 
 libe-ratio, conspi-ratio, vocife-ratio, er-ratio, 
 lace-ratio, and deli-ratio. In the 3d and 
 last period, and to the present time ; the 
 last five organs have subsided ; leaving 
 only the org. libe-ratio balanced by a 
 considerable reproduction of the obtempe- 
 ratio and vene-ratio, and with a fair pro- 
 mise of an increased development of the 
 mode-ratio. The erania of the order 
 " sapientes," (which he very minutely 
 inspected,) besides sharing many of the 
 common national characters, exhibited 
 prodigious enlargements of the orgg. 
 explo-ratioy conside-ratio, penet-ratio, nunie- 
 ratio, mensu-ratio, lib-ratio, and asseve- 
 ratio ; but, very frequently accompanied 
 by notable manifestations of the exagge- 
 ration er-ratio, and Jrust-ratio. With re- 
 spect to the disciples of Gall and Spurz- 
 heim; he reserved himself till he had in- 
 spected those in England and Scotland, 
 that he might characterize them all 
 together. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 125 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 HE ARRIVES INCOGNITO IN LONDON. 
 
 Anxious, now, not to be too late for the 
 November season in London, he left Paris 
 at the end of October, and arrived in the 
 former city before the expiration of that 
 month. The same suppression of the ad- 
 mi-ratio which had made him indifferent to 
 the curiosities of Paris, made him equally 
 so to those of this metropolis ; heads, 
 and now especially November-heads, en- 
 grossed all his interest. But, it was his 
 intention to observe the closest incognito 
 during his continuance in this country. 
 Several motives governed this determina- 
 tion. First, the hours observed in Eng- 
 land, were in every respect in opposition 
 to those of Germany, by which the habits 
 
126 EN CEP HALO LOGY. 
 
 of his mind had been formed. Secondly, 
 he wished to investigate, unknown, the 
 influence of Craniology and Phrenology in 
 England ; and to observe, without suspi- 
 cion, all the heads of the disciples of 
 Gall and Spurzheim that he might be 
 fortunate enough to meet with, and which 
 he had heard were numerous in some 
 parts of the kingdom. But, there was 
 another reason, which had more weight 
 with him than either of these ; of this, I 
 shall now put the reader in possession. 
 
 It has already been observed, that Dr. 
 Hirnschadel entertained a very kindly dis- 
 position towards the English. It amount- 
 ed, indeed, to a very strong predilection ; 
 and arose from a most patriotic principle. 
 Being himself the representative of a 
 most ancient Saxon family, which could 
 trace back its genealogy by written re- 
 cords until it was lost in the remotest 
 ages before records were written ; and of 
 which, the heads of the elder branch are 
 ascertained to have never quitted their 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 127 
 
 native seats in Saxony ; he regarded the 
 English, whom he always denominated 
 Anglo-Saxons, as the descendants of the 
 younger branches of his family ; and he 
 early disposed his heart to feel towards 
 them that sentiment of fraternal, I may 
 truly say, germanic affection, which the 
 hearts of elder brothers are formed by 
 nature to entertain towards the juniors of 
 their house, and which partakes in no 
 small degree of the nature of parental 
 protection. The family of Hirnschadel 
 (which word in the German language 
 signifies a skull) was so named from 
 an illustrious ancestor, who had triumph- 
 antly worn the skull of a Roman Legatus 
 brained by his own hand at the destruc- 
 tion of the army of Varus ; and who, by 
 ancient intermarriages, was remotely re- 
 lated to Arminius, Captain General of the 
 Germans in that signal and sanguinary 
 victory. Hence, the arms of Hirn- 
 schadel had ever been, a field gules, 
 charged with a skull proper, with the 
 
128 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 motto — " Cerebrosus prosilit JJnus ;" but, 
 this last the Doctor now felt himself fully 
 authorised to qualify, by substituting — 
 ** Cerebrosus prosilit Alter," as denotative 
 of the prominence which he himself had 
 acquired by his Encephalology . He was 
 thoroughly convinced, that the Anglo- 
 Saxons must retain an unperishing and 
 lively remembrance of that great ances- 
 tral achievement; and, as he felt himself 
 the antitype of the great progenitor who 
 had first distinguished the cranion as the 
 badge and glory of his house, he was 
 averse to kindle, by the disclosure of his 
 name, the sensibilities w T hich its announce- 
 ment must necessarily excite in the rela- 
 tions of consanguinity in which they stood 
 towards each other; by which agitation, 
 and its consequences, the great object 
 of his journey might be jeoparded, if 
 not altogether frustrated. He therefore 
 locked up his seal in his desk, before he 
 left Paris ; and he assumed the name of 
 Haupt, the maiden name of his mother, 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 129 
 
 under which name he travelled during 
 the whole time of his continuance in this 
 United Kingdom. 
 
 The necessary consequence of this mea- 
 sure was, that he entered London un- 
 known, and without any introductory or 
 recommendatory letters. To remedy this 
 disadvantage, and to secure the objects 
 of his pursuit, he sought out and found 
 two German peruke-makers and hair- 
 cutters of celebrity, of whom he had re- 
 ceived information previously to his leav- 
 ing Germany ; the one a native of Lusatia, 
 the other of Franconia. They had re- 
 sided many years in London, and had 
 fortunately established themselves in dis- 
 tant parts of the capital ; the one in St. 
 James' Street, the other near to Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields. To these he repaired, with 
 the hope of making many important dis- 
 coveries through the mystery of their 
 profession ; and he engaged them to pro- 
 vide him with a very light peruke, to 
 g2 
 
130 ENCEP HALO LOGY. 
 
 veil the cephalic features which must 
 otherwise have betrayed him. 
 
 In the mean time, the November season 
 was not to be lost. He was determined 
 to devote that whole month, to the daily- 
 inspection of the heads of the drowned 
 persons drawn out of the Thames. With 
 this view, he passed his days ambulating 
 between Lambeth and London-bridge; 
 watching both the river, and every un- 
 covered head that he had the good 
 fortune to encounter. An entire week 
 passed, without any success in this pur- 
 suit; and he concluded, that this was a 
 late season. A second week passed, with 
 a similar result; and he then began to feel 
 something like a shooting in the seat of 
 the admi-ratio, notwithstanding the total 
 suppression of the organ, as an amputated 
 arm feels a sensation in the fingers. In 
 the middle of the third week, however, 
 he observed a crowd assembled at the 
 side of the river a little above Lambeth. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 131 
 
 He eagerly hastened to the spot, and, on 
 his arrival, found a body which had been 
 just drawn out of the water, and which 
 was lying on the bank. He immediately 
 approached it ; and began to handle it in so 
 scientific a manner, that the by-standers 
 presently perceived that he was a pro- 
 fessional man, and suffered him to con- 
 tinue his examination without interrup- 
 tion. They expected every moment, that 
 he would give directions how the body 
 should be treated with a view to the 
 restoration of life ; but their astonishment 
 was great, when, after he had fingered 
 the head for a considerable time, and 
 searched attentively between the hair, 
 they only saw him take out his pocket- 
 book, and write in it with great intensity 
 of thought ; and then, returning it to his 
 pocket, proceed in profound abstraction, 
 and with a very deliberate pace, towards 
 Westminster-bridge. When the reader 
 considers the extraordinary perplexity in 
 which Dr. Hirnschaders mind must have 
 
132 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 been involved, by visiting the banks of 
 the Thames daily for nearly three entire 
 weeks of the month of November, with- 
 out experiencing any of the cases which 
 he had been assured occurred by dozens 
 every day during that pestilential month ; 
 he will justify him from any imputation 
 of inhumanity in having accidentally over- 
 looked, at such a moment, the important 
 orgg. respi-ratio and rest ail-ratio. In the 
 case of this solitary individual, he was fur- 
 ther perplexed, by finding no other ratio 
 strongly charactered that could be at all 
 considered as causative of the death, but 
 the org, ponde-ratio ; the orgg. despe-ratio 
 and lace-ratio being wholly undeveloped ; 
 and he justly observed, that the former 
 ratio might have equally manifested its 
 power in any other month of the year, 
 and therefore, that the death could not 
 justly or reasonably be ascribed to any 
 influenza of the present month. 
 
 This was the only case of drowning 
 which he witnessed, or could hear of 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 133 
 
 within the Bills of Mortality, during the 
 whole month of November that he was in 
 London; and from thence he thought 
 himself perfectly qualified to contradict 
 the calumny, so actively circulated among 
 the Continental nations of Europe, of an 
 annual suicidal rut among the Anglo- 
 Saxons, which occurred contemporane- 
 ously with the first denudation of their 
 forests, and the rise of that gloom which 
 gives " dreadful note of preparation of 
 the hibernal death of the year. He took 
 a generous delight in having thus em- 
 powered himself to become the effectual 
 vindicator of a kindred nation; and he 
 distinctly pronounced, that he did not find 
 the org. lace-ratio more manifested, either 
 in size, frequency, or inversion, among 
 the Anglo-Saxons, than he had ever 
 found it among the Franco-Gauls or the 
 Germans. Having settled his mind on this 
 great primary question, he now turned his 
 thoughts to a general investigation of the 
 crania of England ; but, more especially 
 
134 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 of those of the disciples of Gall and 
 Spurzheim. 
 
 Abundant opportunities were afforded 
 him to pursue this object by means of 
 his German coadjutors, to whom he had 
 confidentially imparted his views ; and 
 assuming, by an understanding with them, 
 the character of one of their own trade, he 
 was readily permitted by their customers 
 (who took an interest in him as a new 
 arriver from Germany,) to remain in the 
 shop, and even to take a part in familiar 
 discourse, whilst their heads were either 
 shaving or trimming. So that, during 
 six months, several hundred heads came 
 under his close inspection, of every de- 
 scription and of every class ; sometimes 
 from the West end of the town, sometimes 
 from the Inns of Court and the City, 
 according as he changed his station be- 
 tween St. James's Street, and Lincoln's Inn. 
 Among these, he found many who were 
 the declared disciples of Gall and Spurz- 
 heim; for, having prepared his friends 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 135 
 
 with the means of furthering his object, 
 they found it easy to introduce the sub- 
 ject, as it were incidentally, whilst hand- 
 ling a part which those philosophers have 
 advanced to such eminent celebrity. In 
 these conversations, (which all persons are 
 well disposed to encourage with their bar- 
 ber or hair-dresser,) the votaries of the 
 Cranion and Phren readily and unreserv- 
 edly discovered themselves ; and were 
 easily drawn out into copious discussion 
 and argument, by a skilful opposition oc- 
 casionally thrown in by the operator. So 
 that Dr. Hirnschadel, who appeared to 
 take no concern in the question, was the 
 better able to make and to digest his 
 remarks. 
 
 By means of his friend at Lincoln's 
 Inn, he further obtained an introduction 
 to the Royal College of Surgeons. Here, 
 by his manners and the superior skill in 
 his own faculty which he displayed, added 
 to the circumstance of his being a fo- 
 reigner recently arrived in London, he 
 
136 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 presently established for himself so good 
 a ground, that, by the friendships he 
 formed in that noble Institution, the op- 
 portunities of prosecuting his researches 
 on the crania of England multiplied to 
 the utmost extent of his wishes or his 
 time ; to promote which, he felt but little 
 repugnance, under his present perfect in- 
 cognito, to submit to the occasional impu- 
 tation of being a disciple of Gall and 
 Spurzheim. 
 
 The portion of time which he was able 
 to allot to England being now nearly ex- 
 hausted, he entered his observations at 
 considerable length in his Journal ; and 
 compressed the general result in his 
 Pocket-book, in the abbreviated form 
 which he had adopted for the benefit of 
 immediate reference. 
 
 He observed universally in the Anglo- 
 Saxon crania, a very remarkable develop- 
 ment of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe-ratio, 
 bellige-ratio, perseve-ratio, celeb-ratio, ad- 
 minist-ratio, comide-ratio, and vene-ratio; 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 137 
 
 but he lamented to find, experimentally, 
 that the first of these, the org. supe-ratio, 
 was very unequally balanced by the mode- 
 ratio, and that it very strongly attracted 
 to itself the org. exagge-ratio. He had 
 suspected this, from the observations he 
 had so frequently heard in Germany; 
 and he was much grieved, to find the 
 fact fully confirmed. He was grieved, be- 
 cause he felt a personal concern in what- 
 ever affected the interests and name of the 
 Anglo-Saxons ; and he found, that this un- 
 due equality between the supe-ratio and ex- 
 agge-ratio, and inferiority of the mode-ratio, 
 was the cause of much offence taken by 
 other nations against, and consequently, of 
 the loss of many advantages to, the Anglo- 
 Saxons, in their frequent migrations on the 
 Continent. He also thought, that it was ex- 
 ceedingly unbecoming a nation descended 
 from a generation of Saxon cadets, who 
 had left their native country to seek their 
 fortune and their bread. And, although 
 they had grown in wealth and power to a 
 
138 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 point of eminence which never entered 
 into the prospect of their migratory an- 
 cestors, and, in his partial opinion, stood 
 foremost amongst all the nations out of 
 Saxony Proper ; yet, they should have had 
 respect always to the circumstances of 
 their origin, and not have encouraged the 
 germination of associations in their ence- 
 phali, productive necessarily of attrac- 
 tions and co-enlargements of the ratios 
 and their nidi, which he himself, though 
 the Head of an Elder Branch, should be 
 ashamed to encourage. He trusted, that 
 when his great work should have diffused 
 his science and his art throughout Europe, 
 to this " ultima Thule" his name, together 
 with the knowledge that he had sojourned 
 incognito amongst them, and had closely 
 observed them, would have influence with 
 the whole Anglo-Saxon people, to fix a 
 compress upon their exagge-ratio, and a 
 vacuum upon their mode-ratio. 
 
 He observed likewise, in extraordinary 
 activity among them, and in universal 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 139 
 
 and equal development, that very ratio 
 which he had taken so much pains to 
 suppress in his own cranion, viz. the org. 
 adnii-ratio; which phenomenon afforded 
 him endless amusement, and the effects 
 of which he thought could not be better 
 described than in the words of their own 
 Shakspeare : whose representation, though 
 written two hundred years ago, is curi- 
 ously characteristic of them at the present 
 day. — " A strange fish 1 Were I in Eng- 
 " land (as I once was), and had but this 
 u fish painted, not a holiday-fool there 
 " but would give a piece of silver : there 
 (i would this monster make a man. Any 
 (t strange beast there makes a man : when 
 " they will not give a doit to relieve a 
 ** lame beggar, they will lay out ten to 
 " see a dead Indian. " # He strongly re- 
 commended a moderate compress upon this 
 ratio also. 
 
 With respect to the language of this 
 
 * Tempest, Act ii., Scene 2. 
 
140 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 people, which he had hitherto known 
 only as a written language ; he was much 
 concerned, to discover how greatly it had 
 declined from its primitive magnificence 
 and sonorous utterance. It had degene- 
 rated into a sort of chirping, in which 
 the lips only were exercised ; the action 
 of the throat, seemed to be altogether 
 paralysed. The names of places, hardly 
 drew the attention of the ear sufficiently 
 to reach the memory ; they were without 
 dignity, either of sound or construction ; 
 nor did he ever hear one that could at all 
 venture to measure itself with "Katzen- 
 " ellenbogen !" The words of the 
 language, they had mutilated by cutting off 
 the heads and tails of the primitive Teu- 
 tonic words, in order to adapt them to their 
 indolent lip-utterance; and they had in- 
 verted the whole order of the syntax, 
 placing the verb before the accusative 
 case, instead of after it where it ought 
 naturally to stand. He w r as mortified, to 
 see the language so inextricably inwoven 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 141" 
 
 with evidences of the successive conquests 
 of the Romans and Franco-Gauls. For r 
 though the Anglo-Saxon migration are re- 
 corded to have expelled the Romans from 
 the island, yet, there is more of Roman than 
 of Teutonic in the present language ; from 
 whence he shrewdly suspected, that the 
 successes of the junior branch were not 
 quite as uniform as they had reported 
 them to the elder branch in Saxony : al- 
 though they now ingeniously endeavour 
 to account for this prevalence of the 
 Latin, by ascribing it to the long-conti- 
 nued domination of the Church of Rome. 
 With respect to the disciples of Gall 
 and Spurzheim, he still reserved his ob- 
 servations until he had completed his re- 
 searches in Scotland ; in order that he 
 might be able to draw up, in one result, 
 the sum of his remarks on those of Paris > 
 London, and Edinburgh. 
 
142 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 HE PROCEEDS TO SCOTLAND AND 
 
 IRELAND QUITS DUBLIN TO RE- 
 TURN HOME. 
 
 He proceeded to Scotland by the way of 
 Berwick, and passed two months at Edin- 
 burgh under his travelling name of 
 Haupt; where his good fortune and his 
 ingenuity concurred to open to him op- 
 portunities of science very similar to 
 those which he had acquired in London, 
 but which it is wholly unnecessary to 
 detail here. He actively investigated the 
 Scottish crania; and was presently inte- 
 rested, by discovering the org. conside-ratio 
 to be notably and universally developed 
 in all classes of the people : a pheno- 
 menon, which he had never before expe- 
 rienced in any nation. What astonished 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 143 
 
 him was, that it was always in present 
 activity. If he asked a question of a 
 labourer on the road, or a husbandman 
 in a field ; he was immediately told, with a 
 meditative countenance, "Pm thinking! 99 — 
 At first, he made a gesture of apology, 
 and passed on ; but he soon found, that 
 such was the tenacious vigour of the 
 organ that he did not disturb their cogi- 
 tations; and that, after the first notification 
 of their mental engagement, the answer 
 to his question followed as readily, and 
 even more distinctly than had usually 
 been the case in England ; which he at- 
 tributed to the more constant exercise of 
 the conside- ratio. But, what surprised him 
 still more, was to find that the intensity 
 of this practice excited something antici- 
 pative or predictive ; which he imagined 
 must be connected with the faculty of 
 second-sight, of which he had heard much 
 amongst the Scots. If he came suddenly 
 and unexpectedly upon a perfect stranger, 
 and inquired (for example) which was his 
 
144 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 nearest way to a given place ; he found, 
 that his question was already under the 
 deliberation of the conside-ratio : — " Tm 
 u thinking, that your nearest way is, so and 
 " so/ 9 was the divinational answer that 
 would fill him with perplexity ! and he 
 often pondered in his mind, whether the 
 result of the thought would have been 
 courteously imparted, if he had abstained 
 from the formality of proposing his ques- 
 tion. 
 
 During his residence in Edinburgh, his 
 national affection drew him aside into a 
 strong party-feeling, as soon as he had 
 learned, by perusing the " Lady of the 
 Lake/ 9 that the Scottish nation is divided 
 into Saxons and Non-Saxo?is, a fact of 
 which he was before wholly unapprised ; 
 and the force of the bias was greatly in- 
 creased, on perceiving the name of Saxon 
 to be there used as a term of hostility and 
 reproach. The reader will therefore make 
 a candid allowance for the greater incli- 
 nation which he entertained towards the 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 145 
 
 Lowland-Scots, than towards those of the 
 Highlands. This sentiment, however, did 
 not in the smallest degree affect his re- 
 spect for the latter, nor cause him to 
 judge less favourably of them, much less 
 did it induce any difference in his deport- 
 ment towards them ; only it gave him 
 towards the one a feeling of kindred, 
 always attended with a sentiment of per- 
 sonal interest, which he did not, and could 
 not rationally, feel towards the other. 
 
 The result of his observations on the cra- 
 nia of Scotland, are to this effect. He found, 
 as in England, a very eminent development 
 of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe-ratio, bellige- 
 ratio, perseve-ratio, celeb-ratio, administ- 
 ratio, and vene-raiio; but, he also perceived 
 a strong manifestation of the obi-ratio, 
 generally indeed balanced by the conside- 
 ratio, yet too often attracting the org. 
 exaspi-ratio. He was moreover struck in 
 his general survey, on comparing the orgg. 
 mo-ratio and mig-ratio, to see how pecu 
 liarly they were distributed. He thought 
 
 H 
 
146 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 he perceived, that the former ratio was 
 more widely developed among the High- 
 land-Scots than among his kindred of 
 the Lowlands, among which latter, the org. 
 mig-ratio appeared to him to be very gene- 
 rally declared ; and he conceived this phe- 
 nomenon to be the effect of an hereditary 
 impulse, originally transmitted from the 
 first migration of the junior branches from 
 their native seats in Saxony. He had 
 witnessed this effect in a very remarkable 
 degree among the Anglo-Saxons, in his 
 journey through Germany and Franco- 
 Gaul; every inn, coffee-house, post-house, 
 custom-house, theatre, public walk, shop, 
 swarmed with them ; they were in mo- 
 tion on every road; but, evidently with 
 no view to conquest, as they were in small 
 parties, with their women and carriages. 
 This observation, however, he marked 
 with an obelus, signifying, that it was a 
 point to be reconsidered at a future 
 period. The org. augu-ratio, or second- 
 sight, he found to be manifested in very 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 147 
 
 rare instances, and that only in crania of 
 the Highlands. 
 
 With respect to the joint result of his ob- 
 servations on the encephali&nd nidi of the 
 disciples of Gall and Spurzheiin, in France, 
 England, and Scotland ; I must apprise 
 the reader, that he has rendered them 
 very brief in the memoranda of his pocket- 
 book, from which alone I now write, 
 although he has expatiated largely on 
 that subject in his Journal. He observed, 
 generally, in all of these, a most prodigious 
 development of the org. admi-ratio, and 
 of the two amiable orgg. vene-ratio and 
 obtempe-ratio ; attracted by the er-ratio, in 
 equal development. The org. accu-ratio, 
 Tie found to be wholly undeveloped; and 
 the org. conside-ratio, in a very tardy 
 and inadequate state of manifestation. 
 There is also a note in his pocket-book 
 respecting the encephalic organs of the 
 Ologists of the Cr anion and Phren, founded 
 upon their prints and busts. In both these 
 he observed, that whilst they shewed the 
 
148 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 same manifestation of the er-ratio, and the 
 same defects of the accu-ratio and conside- 
 ratio as their disciples; the orgg. ve?ie- 
 ratio and obtempe-ratio, so pleasingly exhi- 
 bited in the latter, were here replaced by 
 equal enlargements of the supe-ratio and 
 asseve-ratio : attended, moreover, with a 
 very singular formation of the J rust-ratio, 
 to which he ascribed the abortion of their 
 Ologies already remarked at p. 107. 
 
 Having completed his researches in 
 Scotland, he prepared himself for the 
 sequel of his journey ; and, as his lectures 
 in Saxony had been announced for the 
 beginning of the ensuing autumn, he had 
 no time to waste. He therefore took the 
 shortest course for visiting Ireland, by 
 proceeding at once to Port Patrick, and 
 crossing to Donaghadee. In his progress 
 from that port to the Irish Capital, he 
 found an interest awakened, as extraor- 
 dinary as it was wholly unexpected ; and 
 which was unceasingly maintained, until 
 his arrival in Dublin. The observations 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 149 
 
 which he was led to make at every instant 
 on the road, rendered him impatient to 
 obtain an opportunity of leisurely investi- 
 gating a phenomenon so entirely new to 
 him, and which he found to be very gene- 
 ral in the country. 
 
 On his arrival in Dublin, he took 
 his usual means for opening to himself 
 a channel to the ordinary objects of his 
 pursuit; and the courtesy, warmth, and 
 open-heartedness which met him on every 
 side, procured him every facility. The 
 extreme vivacity of the people of all 
 ranks, so opposite to the German phlegm, 
 and so different in character from any 
 form of gaiety he had elsewhere witnessed, 
 struck him very forcibly ; and at the 
 same time led him to suspect, that the 
 org. vib-ratio was here in extraordinary 
 development and activity. He had found 
 this organ in a remarkable state of sub- 
 ordinancy in Scotland, being resisted by 
 the lib-ratio, and coerced by the conside- 
 ratio; in England, it was moderately 
 
150 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 manifested ; but, here it appeared to have 
 gained a sort of predominancy among 
 the ratios. Whilst extending his re- 
 searches and inquiries to ascertain this 
 point, he was inexpressibly surprised to 
 hear, in common parlance, of an entirely 
 new ratio, (making a 69th,) of which he 
 had never before either heard or read. It 
 will easily be imagined by the reader, 
 that, to the originator of the system of 
 the Nationals, such an unlooked-for dis- 
 covery must have been a source of the 
 most animated interest. He immediately 
 noted it in his pocket-book, as it struck 
 his ear ; and, as he wrote all his notes in 
 Latin, he entered it by the denomination 
 — <c org. bothe-ratio." He was extremely 
 inquisitive respecting it; and endeavoured 
 to gain every possible information, con- 
 cerning this encephalic novelty. By 
 means of the examples adduced to him 
 for illustration, he found, on minute ex- 
 amination; that this new ratio, which he 
 had never yet detected, is situated between 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 151 
 
 the positive and negative ratios, (the 
 Ratio and *Irratio) and that, by the 
 over-excitement of the org. vib-ratio act- 
 ing immediately above it, it receives a 
 compound and simultaneous influence 
 from both. Having an imperfect know- 
 ledge of the English language, and there- 
 fore a bolder promptness to etymologize 
 in it, Dr. Hirnschadel presently assumed, 
 that the denomination of the organ must 
 have respect to both the ratios whose 
 adverse influences become occasionally 
 commixed in it ; and, imagining that he 
 perfectly understood the explanations 
 that were given him, he compressed his 
 description of it into this scientific form: 
 — 6t org. bothe-ratio — sive ambarum ratio- 
 " rtum (pos. et neg.) misturafortuita, effer- 
 " vescens, Bullas gignens." He considered 
 this discovery as a very sufficient warning 
 to the schools of the Cranion and Phren; 
 that they had not yet explored, as they 
 fondly persuaded themselves, every region 
 of the cephalic globe. 
 
152 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 One day, whilst bis thoughts were 
 profoundly engaged with this new and 
 curious discovery; he was suddenly roused 
 from his meditations, by a voice that ex- 
 claimed — " Baron Hirnschadel ! and is 
 " it yourself? and sure it is your own 
 " self: Tm heartily glad to see you ! 
 " And what on earth has brought you 
 u amongst us ?" The Doctor was not 
 a little disconcerted, for a moment, 
 at this sudden and unlooked-for dis- 
 closure of his name and dignity ; when, 
 turning his head, he beheld an old friend 
 of his father, an Irish Roman Catholic 
 officer in the service of the Elector, 
 now King, of Saxony ; who, during the 
 autumn months, had been used in his 
 early life to come over to the castle of 
 Hirnschadel from Dresden, to partake of 
 the sports of the forest. After a mutual 
 exchange of most cordial salutations — 
 " Well, Baron, how go on the Ratios ?" 
 continued the old Colonel, laughing. 
 u Prosperously" replied the Doctor, "for 
 
EiNCEPHALOLOGY. 153 
 
 (4 
 
 I have just discovered one in you?' 
 " country, which I never heard of before" 
 u Ay r cried the Colonel, " and fray what 
 " is that?" " The org. bothe-ratio ;" re- 
 joined the Doctor, with scientific gra- 
 vity. " What I" said the colonel, laugh- 
 ing heartily, " did not you know of that 
 " before ? I have known it all my life, and 
 "felt it too: why, I could have supplied 
 " you with that," The warmth of the 
 Colonel's heart, made him view with de- 
 light the presence of the son of his old 
 friend ; and he glowed to repay, with 
 usurious interest, all the kindness and 
 pleasure he had received from the father 
 during the first years of his manhood, 
 when an hospitable and friendly resort is 
 of such peculiar value to a young stranger 
 in a foreign land. He therefore, at once, 
 placed three-fourths of his heart at the 
 entire disposal of the Doctor ; and was in- 
 defatigable in shewing him every possible 
 kindness, and rendering him every possible 
 service. Nothing could be more opposite 
 h2 
 
154 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 than these two friends in their pursuits, 
 and nothing more congenial in their affec- 
 tions. The Doctor's science constantly 
 provoked the inoffensive raillery of the 
 Colonel, and the Colonel's raillery the 
 placid and patient argument of the Doc- 
 tor. Upon one of these occasions, the 
 Colonel was so far brought to listen 
 as to be induced to say, merrily \ 
 a Well, now , Baron, — I beg your far don 
 " — Doctor — let us hear something of 
 " these Organs or Ratios — or Bothe-ratios" 
 The Doctor, gladly seizing the oppor- 
 tunity, endeavoured to compress into as 
 short and apprehensible a synopsis as he 
 could devise, his doctrine of the encephalus, 
 its functionaries, and their nidi ; of the 
 cranion, and its indicatory prominences; 
 and, after having brought the Colonel to 
 a conviction, and an acknowledgment, 
 that he actually felt some of those promi- 
 nences upon his own cranion, was pro- 
 ceeding with his inductions; when the 
 Colonel, who found the concatenation too 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 155 
 
 long for his attention and retention, sud- 
 denly cut it asunder by exclaiming — 
 " ril tell you what , Doctor ; it's my belief 
 u they rue like blisters on a pie-crust, from 
 " the heat and the bother within." Much 
 mirth ensued ; but the Doctor thence- 
 forward reserved his science for himself, 
 whilst he gave to the Colonel the stores 
 of his wit and urbanity. 
 
 The progress of the year now sum- 
 moned Dr. Hirnschadei to Saxony; he 
 therefore proposed a final meeting with 
 the Colonel. During this last meeting ; 
 " I suppose (said the merry Colonel) that 
 ** you will set us all down under the Boihe- 
 " ratio." u Not exactly so," replied the 
 Doctor ; (6 for I carry away with me a 
 u good list of other Ratios, under which 
 "you will all figure." In concluding this 
 subject, he added, with a grave and re- 
 flective countenance, and as a general re- 
 sult of all his researches and peregrina- 
 tions ; " that the ratios which appeared 
 " to him to be the most universally and 
 
156 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 " equally developed amongst mankind, 
 u were the orgg. gene-ratio and bellige- 
 " ratio — love and fighting." This scienti- 
 fic axiom, delivered with didactic so- 
 lemnity, singularly caught the fancy of 
 the lively old Colonel ; and long, and 
 loud, and boisterous, was the laugh which 
 it provoked. At their separation, a pro- 
 mise was demanded by the Doctor, and 
 readily given by the Colonel ; that, soon 
 after the return of the latter to Dresden 
 in the following month, he would come 
 and pass some time with the Hirnscha- 
 dels, and revisit the well-known forests 
 in the neighbourhood of Sonnenburg. 
 
 Dr. Hirnschadel was highly gratified 
 with his residence in Dublin ; not only 
 because it afforded him an unlooked-for 
 opportunity of extending the bounds of 
 his own science, but, because he there 
 experienced, through the friendship of the 
 Colonel, a cordiality and kindness, as well 
 as an amusement, that was perfectly new 
 to him. He thought the civility of the 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 157 
 
 Irish very analogous to that of the 
 French ; but, with this material differ- 
 ence, that it inspired no doubt or mis- 
 trust : the sincerity of the former was to 
 be ascertained only by experience, where- 
 as, that of the latter was manifest at once. 
 He found in this people, as in the Scots 
 and Anglo-Saxons, a very distinguished 
 development of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe- 
 ratio, bellige-ratio, celeb-ratio, administ- 
 ratio, vene-ratio, and also of o-ratio ; but 
 still, he found the org. vib-ratio to be much 
 more generally influential in this country, 
 than he had ever witnessed elsewhere. 
 
 Dr. Hirnschadel, becoming pressed for 
 time, bid farewell to Dublin with regard 
 and regret, and took his passage to Ches- 
 ter; from whence he proceeded directly 
 to London. He made but a short stay in 
 that capital; and then, embarked in the 
 river for Ostend. As he retired from the 
 shores of England, he mused with strong 
 feelings of pride and affection on so glo- 
 rious a country, conquered and retained 
 
158 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 by his own kindred ; and he naturally re- 
 flected, if the junior branches alone had 
 been able to effect such an achievement, 
 what might they not have accomplished 
 with the aid and co-operation of the 
 elder branches ! On his arrival at Ostend, 
 being impatient to reach his home, he 
 hastened, by the way of Brussels, to Co- 
 logne ; where he took a place in the 
 Coche-d'eau for Mentz. 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 159 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 HIS JOURNEY ARRIVAL OBITUARY, 
 
 During his ascent of the Rhine, in that 
 sublime but desert part of its channel 
 which lies between Oberwesel and St. 
 Goar, a tremendous storm of thunder and 
 lightning, followed by a deluge of rain, 
 overtook the passengers ; and, the num- 
 bers on board being great and the means 
 of shelter inadequate, and no houses oc- 
 curring in which they could take refuge, 
 Dr. Hirnsch'adel, with many others, was 
 drenched to the skin upon the deck ; 
 and, for the same reason that they could 
 not find shelter, they could not relieve 
 themselves from their wet apparel. To a 
 frame like that of Dr. Hirnsch'adel, whose 
 whole life had been stationary except 
 during the two comparatively short jour- 
 
160 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 neys of his Hejira; but who, for many 
 months past, had been in a state of con- 
 tinual movement wholly unnatural to his 
 former habits ; such a disaster could not 
 fail to be productive of the most serious 
 consequences. On his arrival at Mentz 
 he felt himself ill, and hastened to Frank- 
 fort ; and from thence, with increasing 
 symptoms of ailment, to Leipsig. Here, 
 a fever began to threaten him ; which in- 
 duced him imprudently to accelerate his 
 journey to Dresden, in the hope of 
 reaching his home before any crisis 
 should occur. He was strongly urged at 
 Dresden, not to proceed ; but, such was 
 his impatience to return to his own house, 
 that, with increasing febrile symptoms 
 and debility, he continued his journey. 
 On his arrival at Hirnschadel, he was 
 immediately obliged to take to his bed. 
 The tranquillity of mind and body which 
 the attainment of his home had afforded, 
 gave hope for a few days that the fever 
 was abating ; but, it rose again with in- 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 161 
 
 creasing malignity, and, falling upon the 
 brain, produced an inflammation, which, 
 at the end of four days, put an end to his 
 important and valuable life ! 
 
 Thus unexpectedly and prematurely 
 died, in the meridian of mental vigour, 
 in the luxuriancy of experience, and in 
 the blaze of reputation, Baron Doctor 
 Ernst Hirnschadel; the Discoverer of 
 the Rationals, the Inventor of the Compress 
 and Vacuum, and the Reducer of the erratic 
 Ologies of the Cranion and Phren, into 
 the central and only legitimate Ology of the 
 Encephalus. Great are the obligations by 
 which mankind are bound to all those 
 eminent geniuses who generously project 
 its benefit; great, therefore, must be those 
 by which they are bound to the names and 
 the projections of the Doctors Gall and 
 Spurzheim; but, the gratitude, the justice, 
 the rationality of posterity will unite with 
 one voice in acclaiming, that the most 
 constrictive obligations by which they are 
 bound, are, without any rivality, those 
 
162 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 
 
 which bind them forever to the imperish- 
 able name, and victorious execution, of 
 Ernst Hirnschadel! 
 
 Dr. Hirnschadel, by his last will and 
 testament, left his body to be interred in 
 the cemetery of his fore-fathers, and his 
 Cranion, with its Encephalus, after a skil- 
 ful preparation, to be placed in a sepul- 
 chral shrine, and deposited in the Anato- 
 tomical Museum of the University of 
 Frankfort upon Oder. He moreover left 
 the sum of 20,000 florins, as a fund for 
 its preservation ; together with a most 
 solemn condition, that it should be 
 exposed only to such persons as had 
 received a Diploma of Doctor of Physic 
 from that university, and only on certain 
 days, and hours, specified in his will : 
 by which wise provision, it is happily 
 secured for ever from the idle and pro- 
 fane gaze of the common traveller. His 
 journals, lectures, and the voluminous 
 mass of his manuscript, Dr. Hirnschadel 
 bequeathed to his family; and they are 
 
ENCEPHALOLOGY. 163 
 
 now under examination and arrangement, 
 with a view to their publication, as has 
 already been stated. I have purposely 
 abstained from multiplying explanatory 
 plates in this u Very Brief Sketch" that 
 I might not, in any degree, impair the 
 future sale of that admirable work. 
 
 JAMQUE OPUS EXEGI, &C. 
 
 THE END. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Bufo, 
 
 Cephalus, 
 
 Cephalic, 
 
 Cephalalgia, 
 
 Cerebrum, 
 
 Cerebellum, 
 
 Granion, 
 
 Craniology, 
 
 Cranioscopy, 
 
 Craniosophy, 
 
 Dorsal, ' 
 
 Encephalus, 
 
 Encephalic, 
 
 Encephalology, 
 
 Follis, 
 
 Mollities, 
 
 Nidus, 
 
 Parencephalis, 
 
 Phren, 
 
 Phrenology, 
 
 Psychology, 
 
 Rhomb, 
 
 a toad. 
 
 the head. 
 
 pertaining to the head. 
 
 headach. 
 
 the brain. Lat. 
 
 the hind-brain. 
 
 the skull. 
 
 knozoledge of the skull. 
 
 simple Craniplogical and Phre-] 
 
 nological inspection of the exter- r 
 
 rial surface of the cranion. J 
 
 Dr. HlRNSCHADJSL'S peculiar'} 
 
 science of deducing the internal \ 
 
 surface of the cranion from the \ 
 
 external, and, by that means, of \ 
 
 ascertaining the true form of the [ 
 
 brain. J 
 
 pertaining to the back. 
 
 the brain. Gr, 
 
 pertaining to the brain. 
 
 knowledge of the brain. 
 
 a bellows. 
 
 softness. 
 
 a nest. 
 
 the hind-brain. 
 
 (pronounce Phreen) the mind. 
 
 knowledge of the mind. 
 
 knowledge of the soul. 
 
 lozenge. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Rhombic, lozenge-shaped. 
 
 Rut, (Fr. rut,) this word evidently ap- 
 
 pears to be of the same origin as 
 the French rot, roter, and to 
 signify the eructant sound of the 
 throats of deer during the season 
 of autumn. 
 
 RATIOS. 
 
 Agge-ratio, heaping, building, constructing, &>c. 
 Appa-ra^t'o, gallantry, magnificence, fyc. 
 Aufe-ratio, carrying off, thieving, §c. 
 Augu-ratio, fortunejtelling, second-sight, witch- 
 craft, §c. 
 BeWige-ratio, warring, fighting, §c. 
 Concame-rtf Zio, vault, arch, fyc 
 Deside-ralio, desire, coveting, SfC. 
 ~Fmst-ratio, failure, disappointment, fyc. 
 Fulgu-rafo'o, flashing, dashing, §c. 
 Lizce-ratio, destroying, Sfc. 
 Lib-ratio, balancing, fyc. 
 MoXn-ratio, hastening, fyc. 
 Mo-ratio, staying, tarrying, fyc. 
 Obi-ratio, anger, rage, fyc. 
 Obtempe-rctfio, obedience, submission, fyc. 
 O-ratio, speech, eloquence, fyc. 
 RATIO, REASON! 
 Suilace-rctfio, self-destroying. 
 Swpe-ratio, command, authority, superiority, 
 
 conquest, fyc. 
 Suswr-ratio, low-speaking, zohispering, fyc. 
 Vitupe-rafa'o, abusing, calumniating, fyc. 
 Vo-ratio, eating, devouring. 
 
 PRINTED BY J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET. 
 
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