m mm m vm ■1 WHIP mil H HBlMHifiJ 1 m ill L ii iniB ■8 ■ Hi ■Ha ■ iHH trago T ii I 1 mm m bhhh ffl ■C^ ^ V- * *5 > -» \^ u OCT Oo g^i-Q^ ^a^^R^ SANDERS' SCHOOL SPEAKER COMPREHENSIVE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION THE PRINCIPLES OF ORATORY; NUMEROUS EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE IN DECLAMATION. BY CHARLES W SANDERS, A.M., AUTHOR OF "A SERIES OF READERS;" "SPELLER, DEFINER, AND ANALYZER;" "ELOCUTIONARY CHART," ETC. NEW YORK: IVISON & PHINNEY, 321 BROADWAY. CHICAGO: S. C. GRIGGS & CO., Ill LAKE ST. 1857. K*°\ -^ <*>"* Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by CHAKLES W. SANDERS, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York. STEREOTYPED BY THOMAS B. SMITH, 82 & 84 Beekman Street. PRINTED BY r. D. BEDFORD & CO., 115 Franklin Street. PREFACE. Oratory, in every age of the world, has been an' instrument of wonderful power. In our own time and country, especially, its influ- ence is so great, and the occasions for its use so numerous and import- ant, as to render it a thing of almost universal necessity. The Bar, the Senate-house, and the Pulpit, — those oft-traversed fields of profes- sional eloquence, — still require to be supplied with practiced speakers. But, aside from all these, the demands for skill in public speaking are now so frequent, so various, and so imperative, as to compel almost every man to prepare himself to meet them. With these views of the importance of the subject, the present vol- ume has been put together, and is now presented to the youth of the country, and to those whose high office it is to prepare them for the duties of after-life, as an easy, interesting, and practical aid, as well in teaching as in learning how to speak well in public. The work embraces whatever belongs to rhetorical delivery. As all that is required for the production of a finished reader, is but a necessary prehminary to that which distinguishes the finished speaker, it sets out, like all the more advanced of the series of School Books to which it belongs, with a full exhibition of the principles of rhetori- cal reading. In illustration of these principles, it employs a multitude of appropriate examples, showing the powers of the letters, the effect of accent, of emphasis, of inflection, of vocal modulation, of rhetorical pauses, of whatever, indeed, in sound, in sense, or in spirit, can be supposed to move the passions, and so influence the determinations of the will. This being done, a Second Part is devoted to the brief, but practical, consideration of the subject of Gesture. The observations and in- structions, in this Part, are purposely made to involve those things only, which experience has shown to be free from perplexing minute- ness and difficult application. IV PKEFAOE In the Third Part will be found a large collection of exercises for practice in declaiming. These exercises represent, though, of course, in brief, the most eminent writers and speakers of almost all coun- tries, classes, and times. They exhibit all varieties of composition suit- able for declamation : excluding carefully whatever is dull, feeble, prolix, or common-place, and offering that, and that only, which is spirited, forcible, pertinent, or extraordinary in style, sentiment, or diction. Dialogues, Soliloquies, Parodies, Speeches, — recitations of every name and kind, pathetic, humorous, sentimental, narrative, argumentative, dramatic, all of every sort, are here mingled, arranged and adapted to the purposes of arresting transient attention, awaken- ing interest, and stimulating the wish and the endeavor to acquire a graceful and effective delivery. But the aim, in the selection and adaptation of these exercises, has been wider still. It has not been forgotten, that the prime element in the constitution of the great orator is, and can be, found only in the good man. Not what the speaker says, so much as what the speaker is, is that which often sways the decisions of an audience. Keeping this in view, nothing has here been admitted, which could, in the slightest degree, blunt the moral sensibilities, or lessen the learner's reliance, in oratory, as in every thing else, upon the force of high moral character. Such have been the governing principles in the preparation of this new School Speaker. Its design and spirit are in perfect unison with all the rest of the author's well-known Series ; and, should it ever be accorded the same rank and favor — the same praise of utility in the schools, his highest anticipations will be realized. New Yoek, March, 185T. CONTENTS. PART FIRST. -ELOCUTION SECTION I.— Articulation 11 SECTION II.— Accent and Emphasis. 18 SECTION III.— Inflections 23 PAGE PAGE SECTION IV.— Modulation 33 Notation in Modulation 40 SECTION V.— The Rhetorical Pause 43 PART SECOND.-GESTURE. I. Importance of Rhetorical Action 45 II. Rules foe G-estuee 47 PART THIRD-EXERCISES IN DECLAMATION. exercise 1. Exhortation to the Study of Eloquence John Quincy Adams, 55 2. True Eloquence Daniel Webster, 56 3. Hamlet' s Instruction to the Players Shakspeare, 57 4. Suggestions to Young Speakers Lloyd, 58 5. On the Prospect of an Invasion Robert Hall, 60 6. An Appeal to Patriotism Thomas Campbell, 62 7. Duty of America to Greece Henry Clay, 63 8. Arrival of Kossuth Henry B. Blackwell, 64 9. The Cause of Hungary a just one Kossuth, 65 10. DIALOGUE— A Deceiver Deceived Hall, 66 11. The Ghost 71 12. The Federal Union Daniel Webster, 73 13. Our Union J. L. Linford, 74 14. Go Feel what I have Felt 75 15. Men of Action, Clear the Way Charles Mackay, 11 16. Vindication from Treason Thomas F. Meagher, 78 17. Hamlet' s Soliloquy on Death Shakspeare, 80 18. The Bachelor's Soliloquy 81 19. Mastery of Man over Nature Horace Greeley, 81 20. Character of "Washington Phillips. 82 21. DIALOGUE— Scene in a Court of Justice. 84 22. To John Bull Missouri Gazette, 86 23. To a Katydid O. W. Holmes, 87 24. The World around us Horace Mann, 89 25. Puhlic Dishonesty '. Henry Ward Beecher, 90 26. Art Charles Sprague, 91 27. The Dream of Daedalus 93 2S. DIALOGUE— Pedants Seeking Patronage 94 29. Grandfather's Watch 99 30. Burial of Sir John Moore Charles Wolfe, 100 31. Not a Sous had he got R. H. Barham, 101 32. An Address to the Echo 102 33. DIALOGUE— Opposite Natures J. K. Paulding, 103 34. Adherbal against Jugurtha ^ Sallust, 108 35. Boarding Round Missouri Journal of Education, 111 36. Flogging an Editor 113 VI CONTENTS EXERCISE PAGE 37. Bernardo del Carpio Mrs. Hemans, 114 38. Passage of the Rubicon Knowles, 117 39. Change is not Reform John Randolph, 118 40. The Soldier's Dream. Thomas Campbell, 119 41. Good-by, proud World R. W. Emerson, 120 42. Jfchn Littlejohn Charles Mackay, 121 43. Excelsior H. W. Longfellow, 122 44. California 1$ 45. The Fame of Galileo Edward Everett, 15 46. The World for Sale Ralph Royt, 12 47. Ezekiel's Visit to Deacon Stokes 126 48. I Don't Care 130 49. Thanksgiving Day Henry Ware, Jr., 130 50. The Collegian and the Janitor .Horace Smith, 131 51. DIALOGUE — Scene from Julius Csesar Shakspeare, 134 52. The Outlaws George Adams, 139 53. Glory of Arms Charles Sumner, 141 54. War Thomas Chalmers, 142 55. Death of John Quincy Adams William H. Seivard, 143 56. That 's my Thunder Canning, 144 57. A Black Job Thomas Hood, 145 58. American Aristocracy J. G. Saxe, 149 59. Village Greatness , . W. Ray, 150 60. Yesterday M. F. Tupper, 151 61. Now Household Words, 153 62. DIALOGUE— There ' s nothing in it Charles Mathews, 154 63. The Ruins of Time Milford Bard, 156 64. An Appeal to Arms Patrick Henry, 157 65. Death of Washington John M. Mason, 159 66. Tribute to the Patriots of the Revolution Daniel Webster, 161 67. The Dying Christian to his Soul , .Pope, 163 68. Two Hundred Years Ago Grenville Mellen, 163 69. The Foot's Complaint 165 70. DIALOGUE— Scene in a Mourning Store Thomas Hood, 166 71. Sam Smith's Soliloquy Fanny Fern, 170 72. Liberty in Order Charles James Fox, 171 73. David's Lamentation over Saul and Jonathan Bible, 172 74. Daniel versus Dishcloth Stevens, 172 75. The Thriving Family Mrs. Sigourney, 175 76. The Cheap Supper Oldham's Humorous Speaker, 176 77. Strictures on the Manner of William Pitt Sir Robert Walpole, 178 78. Pitt's Reply to Walpole William Pitt, 179 79. Supposed Speech of James Otis Mrs. L. M, Child, 180 80. DIALOGUE— Lovegold and James Fielding, 182 81. Freedom James G. Brooks, 183 82. Rienzi to the Romans \ Mary Russell Mitford, 185 83. The Philosopher's Scales Jane Taylor, 187 84. Phaethon, or the Amateur Coachman J. G. Saxe, 188 85. Specimen of a Shrew Jerrold, 191 86. Whittling J. Pierpont, 193 87. The Woman of Three Cows From the Irish, by Clarence Mangan, 194 88. Death-Song of the Red Man Miss Mary Gardiner, 196 89. DIALOGUE— The Miller of Mansfield 197 90. The Man of Expedients S. Gilman, 200 91. Cicero against Verras Marcus Tullius Cicero, 201 92. Meeting of Satan aft Death Milton, 202 93. The Pilot Alexander Cochran, 203 CONTENTS. VU EXEECISE PAGE 94. Skating ; A Winter Scene Knickerbocker Magazine, 204 95. Orator Puff Thomas Moore, 205 96. Death of the Prince of Conde Bossuet, 206 9T. The Soul of Man Saurin, 207 98. The Life-Boat 208 99. DIALOGUE— Cardinal Wolsey and Cromwell Shakspeare, 209 100. The March of Intellect Blackwood' s Magazine, 212 101. The Miss Nomers 214 102. Pulpit Propriety Coivper, 215 103. How has America repaid Benefits from other Nations?.. .Oulian C. Verplanck, 111 104. National Character Maxcy, 219 105. A Visit from St. Nicholas Clement C Moore, 220 106. Tell's Apostrophe to Liberty Knowles, 221 101. Baneful Influence of Skepticism Thomas Campbell, 223 108. DIALOGUE— Money makes the Mare go Berquin, 224 109. The Proud Miss Mac Bride J. G. Saxe, 227 110. Speech of Buzfuz in the Case of Bardell versus Pickwick Charles Dickens, 231 111. Circumstances alter Cases Allingham, 234 112. The Paddy's Metamorphosis Thomas Moore, 237 113. Look at the Clock R. H. Barham, 238 114. Speech against Paine' s "'Age of Reason" Lord Erskine, 243 115. Pleading Extraordinary Lafayette Bigelow Partington, Esq., 24A 116. Brother Jonathan' s Ships George Grenville, 246 117. Nora's Vow Sir Waller Scott, 247 118. Cleon and I Charles Mackay, 248 119. Unfortunate Courtship Royal Tyler. 248 120. The Maniac Lewis, 249 121. Emmet's Vindication Robert Emmet, 251 122. Removal of the British Troops from Boston Earl of Chatham, 252 123. The Conquest of America Impossible Earl of Chatham, 254 124. Light for All From tlie German, 255 125. Wishes and Realities 256 126. DIALOGUE— The Will 258 127. The Hills 260 128. An Apologue T. Gaspey, 262 129. The Confession Blackivood" 1 s Magazine, 263 130. Is it Anybody' s Business ? Arthur' s Magazine, 264 131. Speech on Parliamentary Reform Lord Brougham, 265 132. The Boston Massacre John Hancock, 266 133. Science and Revelation W. R. Williams, 267 134. Degeneracy of Modern Greece Byron, 269 135. Warren's Address J. Pierpont, 270 136. Living up Five Pair of Stairs 271 137. DIALOGUE— A Casual Interview * 272 138. Dame Fredegonde William Aytoun, 273 139. Cassius instigating Brutus against Caesar Shakspeare, 275 140. DIALOGUE— Irish Courtesy Sedley, 277 141. Invective against Mr. Corry Henry Grattan, 279 142. The Irish Disturbance Bill Daniel CConnell, 280 143. The Old Oaken Bucket. Samuel Woodworth, 281 144. Parody on the Old Oaken Bucket Knickerbocker Magazine, 282 145. Battle of Flodden Field Sir Walter Scott, 283 146. Rolla to the Peruvians Sheridan, 286 147. Labor, Man's great Function Orville Dewey, 287 148. Value of Popularity Lord Mansfield, 288 149. The Frenchman and the Rats 289 150. DIALOGUE— How to Tell Bad News 291 VU1 CONTENTS. E5EECI8E PAGE 151. Moral Desolation 292 152. Character of Bonaparte Phillips, 292 153. Tubal Cain Charles Mackay, 293- 154. The Indian' s Revenge John Loffland, 295 155. The Flight of Xerxes Miss Je.wsuv.ry, 296 156. Cato's Soliloquy on the Immortality of the Soul Addison, 297 157. Exhortation to Youth E. H. Chapin, 298 158. DIALOGUE— Metaphysics „ . . « Francis Hopkinson, 299 159. Pompeii 301 160. Hans and the Dandy 301 161. Mountains William Hoivitt, 303 162. The Seminole's Reply G. W. Patten, 304 163. The Young Soldier J. G. Adams, 305 164. Universal Freedom Henry Ware, Jr., 306 165. DIALOGUE— Imaginary Evils Goldsmith, 307 166. The Vocation of the Merchant Edxoard Everett, 310 167. The Contest Unequal Sydney Smith, 312 168. The Dilatory Scholar Mrs. Gilman, 313 169. The Razor-Seller Wolcott, 314 170. Will Waddle Colman, 315 171. Bullum versus Boatum Stevens, 317 172. Integrity the Basis of a Decided Character William Wirt, 319 173. The Orphan Boy's Tale 320 174. The Village Parson Goldsmith, 321 175. Hohenlinden Thomas Campbell, 323 176. The Leper K P. Willis, 324 177. Speech of Colonel Cobb 327 178. DIALOGUE— A Count Cornered J. K. Paulding, 328 179. Republican Principles best Supported by Moral Force Judge McLean, 332 180. Casabianca Mrs. Remans, 333 181. A Dirge for the Beautiful D. Ellen Goodman, 334 182. Death of Napoleon Isaac McLellan, 335 183. Bobadil's Military Tactics Ben Jonson, 337 184. Speech Obituary Clark's Knick- Knacks, 337 185. La Fayette Charles Sprague, 338 186. Bingen on the Rhine Mrs. Norton, 340 187. Young Jessica Thomas Moore, 342 188. Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog Goldsmith, 343 189. DIALOGUE— Modest Worth Rewarded Home, 344 190. The Right to Tax America Edmund Burke, 346 191. Speech of Red Jacket 347 192. Complaint against Scribblers Pope, 349 193. Song of the Shirt Thomas Hood, 351 194. Father Abbey's Will John Seccomb, 353 195. Progress of the Soul toward the Perfection of its Nature Logan, 355 196. The Sword of Washington and the Staff of Franklin John Quincy Adams, 356 197. Address to the American Troops before the Battle of Long Island. . . Washington, S58 198. Speech of Moloch Milton, 359 199. Speech of Belial Milton, 360 200. DIALOGUE— Querities of Quackery William Dunlap, 362 201. Earnest Exhortation Bible, 365 202. Sempronius's Speech for War Addison, 366 203. Epistle to a Young Friend Robert Burns, 367 204. Marco Bozzaris Fitz-Green Hallcck, 369 205. " Live them Down" Cincinnati Expositor, 370 206. The Upas in Marybone-Lane James Smith, 371 207. The Sniveler. E. P. Whipple, 372 CONTENTS. IX ESEECISB PAGE 208. The Age of Washington Fisher Ames, 373 209. Adams and Jefferson Edward Everett, 373 210. The Silver Fetters Mrs. N. T. Munroe, 374 211. DIALOGUE— High Notions of a Humble Art 376 212. Regulns Dale, 378 213. The Crown of the Hat Sydney Dyer, 380 214. Queer Sermon on a Queer Text Dodd, 381 215. The Bachelor Sale Miss Davidson, 382 216. The Spirit of Patriotism Sir Walter Scott, 333 217. Honorable Ambition Henry Clay, 383 218. Power of the Creator seen in His "Works Addison, 385 219. My Mother's Bible George P. Morris, 385 220. Press on Park Benjamin, 386 221. DIALOGUE— Jones at the Barber's Shop 387 222. Education Phillips, 389 223. The-Last Appendix to "Yankee Doodle" 390 224. Death-Song of Outaiissi Thomas Campbell, 392 225. Seven Ages of Man Shakspeare, 393 226. The Destruction of Sennacherib Byron, 394 227. The Chameleon Merrick, 395 228. Ultimate Triumph of Peace Charles Simmer, 396 229. Emptiness of Earthly Glory Wayland, 397 230. The American Revolution Josiah Quincy, 399 231. DIALOGUE— Banishment of Catiline Croly, 400 232. Schools of the Olden Time 403 233. Speech of a Creek Indian against the Use of Intoxicating Liquors 404 234. The Countryman' s Reply to a Recruiting Sergeant 406 235 Earnest Appeal to the People of South Carolina Andrew Jackson, 408 236. DIALOGUE— Scene from William Tell Knowles, 409 237. Cupid' s Stratagem Anacreon, 414 238. Freedom of the Ancient Israelites Croly, 415 239. Bunker-Hill Monument Daniel Webster, 416 240. The Soul's Errand Sir Walter Raleigh, 417 241. The Cheat's Apology Ellis, 420 . 242. The Modern Belle. Stark, 421 243. My own Place M. F. Tupper, 422 244. Our Revolutionary Struggle not in vain Cassius M. Clay, 424 245. Humorous Account of English Taxes Sydney Smith, 425 246. A Pic-nic Party Thomas Rood, 425 247. DIALOGUE— Quarrel of Brutus and Cassius Shakspeare, 427 24S. The Rainbow Amelia B. Welby, 430 249. Soliloquy of Christopher North John Wilson, 432 250. Military Despotism Maclcintosh, 433 251. The Nimmers Byrom, 434 152. The Newcastle Apothecary 435 253. The Fourth of July J. Pierpont, 4PS 254. Bonaparte to the Army of Italy 438 255. DIALOGUE— The Petulant Man Osborne, 440 256. Fame Byron, 443 257. Labor Miss C. F. Orne, MA 258. Paul' s Defense before King Agrippa Bible, 445 259. Aunt Hetty's Reflections on Matrimony Fanny Fern, 447 260. Tell's Address to the Mountains Knowles, 448 261. Spirit of Freedom -. J. G. Percival, 449 262. The Ocean Cornivall, 451 263. Patriotic Feeling Orville Dewey, 452 264. The Perpetuity of the Church John M. Mason. 453 1* X CONTENTS. ♦ ■ EXERCISE PAGE 265. Force of Talent Timothy Dwight, 454 266. Love and Murder 456 26T. DIALOGUE— Triumph of Brotherly Affection 457 268. Truth in Parentheses Thomas Hood, 462 269. Our National Anniversary Daniel Webster, 463 270. Hiawatha and Minnehaha H. W. Longfellow, 464 271. Change in Society Necessitates Change in Government Macaulay, 467 272. The Brewer's Coachman Taylor, 468 273. Not in Alice Carey, 469 274. Mac Briar's Speech to the Scotch Insurgents Sir Walter Scott, 470 275. Speech of Onias, dissuading the Jews from Bevolt Croly, 471 276. Ehyme of the Bail J. G. Saxe, 472 277. Number One Thomas Hood, 474 278. DIALOGUE— A Lesson in Politeness Oulton, 476 279. Besponsibilities of our Bepublic Joseph Story, 479 280. The Inquiry Charles Mackay, 480 281. Battle of Waterloo Byron, 482 282. Scorn to be Slaves Warren, 483 283. Extract from Madame Eoland's Defense before the French Tribunal ^ 484 284. Address to the Greeks 485 285. Look Aloft : J. Lawrence, 486 286. The Wonder-Working Wire 487 287. Liberty the Reward of Mental and Moral Development John C. Calhoun, 4S8 288. DIALOGUE— Revolutionary Enthusiasm 489 289. Graves of the Patriots Horatio Hale, 492 290. The Chieftain' s Daughter George P. Morris, 492 291. The Husband's Complaint 493 292. The Power of the People the only Source of Public Safety Lamartine, 494 293. Song of the Stars Bryant, 495 294. The Battle of Life E. C. Jones, 497 , 295. The Death of Leonidas Croly, 497 296. What Mr. Robinson thinks Biglow Papers, 498 297. The Embryo Lawyer Allingham, 500 298. The Permanency of the Union Daniel Webster, 503 299. The Ship of State H. W. Longfellow, 504 300. Thermopylae George W. Doane, 505 301. The Dying Poet's Farewell Horace Smith, 505 302. The American Sailor R. F. Stockton, 507 303. A National Monument to Washington R. C. Winthrop, 508 304. The Farmer and the Counselor Horace Smith, 509 305. Be Firm Sarah C. Edgarton Mayo, 511 306. Time Anna Cora Mowatt, 511 307. Othello's Defense Shakspeare, 512 308. Supposed Speech of John Quincy Adams in Favor of the Declaration of Inde- pendence .Daniel Webster, 516 309. Our Country William Jewett Pabodie, 518 310. Tact R. W. Emerson, 5f9 311. Duty of Literary Men to their Country Grimke, 520 312. Signs of Age Crabbe, 522 313. The Choice John Pomfret, 522 314. Morality, the Foundation of National Greatness W. E. Chanrdng, 524 315. The Tread of Time Thomas Cole, 525 316. The Young American Alexander H. Everett, 526 317. Speak to the Earth and it will Teach thee Henry Giles, 527 $ A I D E R S ? SCHOOL SPEAKER. PART FIRST. ELOCUTION. Elocution is the art of delivering written or extem- poraneous composition with force, propriety, and ease. It deals, therefore, with words, not only as individuals, but as members of a sentence, and parts of a connected discourse : in- cluding every thing necessary to the just expression of the sense. Accordingly, it demands, in a special manner, attention to the following particulars ; viz., Articulation, Accent, Emphasis, In- flection, Modulation, and Pauses. SECTION I. ARTICULATION. Articulation is the art of uttering distinctly and justly the letters and syllables constituting a word. It deals, therefore, with the elements of words, just as elocution deals with the elements of sentences : the one securing the true enunciation of each letter, or combination of letters, the other giving to each word, or combination of words, such a delivery as best expresses the meaning of the author. It is the basis of all Questions. — What is Elocution ? To what subjects does it require particular attention ? What is Articulation ? 12 SANDERS' SCHOOL SPEAKER. good reading, and should be carefully practiced by the learner. The following Directions and Examples are given as guides : I. — Produce, according to the following Table, all the Ele- mentary Sounds of the Language : ELEMENTARY SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS, VOWEL SOUNDS. SUB-TONIOS. Tonics. Element. Power. Elem&nt. Power. 20.— J as in Jet. 1.— >A as in Ape. 21.— L u Let. 2.— 2 A u Avm. 22.— M tt Man. 3.— 3 A (C All 23.— N tt JSTot. 4.— 4 A tt At. 24.— R tt Bun. 5.— J E tt Eve. 25.— V tt Fent. 6.— 2 E tc End. 26.— W it TTent. 7.— 'I u Ice. 27.— Y tt Fes. 8.— 2 I tc It. 28.— J Z u Zeal 9.— ] ci Old. 29— 2 Z u Azure. 10.— 5 tt Do. 30.— ¥G tt Sing. 11.— 3 tt Ok. 31.— TH a Thy. 12.— ] U tt Use. A-TONICS. 13.— 2 U u Up. 32.— F as in Fit. 14.— 3 U It Full 33.— H a Hat. 15.— 01 tt Oil 34.— K tt Kid. 16.— OU (( Out. 35.— P u Pit. 36.— S tt Sin. CONSONANT SOUNDS. 37.— T it Ton. bUB-TONIOS. 38.-CH a Chat. 17.— B as in Bat. 39.— SH a Shun. 18.— D a Dun. 40.— TH tc Thin. 19.— G* tc Gun. 41.— WHt tt When. * Soft G is equivalent to J; Soft C to S, and hard C and Q to K. X is equivalent to K and S, as in box, or to G and Z, as in exalt. ] VH is pronounced as if the H preceded W, otherwise it would be pronounced W-hen. K should be slightly trilled before a vowel, For further instructions, see Sanders and Merrill's Elementary and Elocu- tionary Chart. Questions. — How many Elementary Sounds are there? How many vowel sounds ? What are they ? Utter the consonant sounds. SANDERS' SCHOOL SPEAKER. 13 SUBSTITUTES FOR TBE VOWEL ELEMENTS.. 1st. For Long *A, we have ai, as in sail ; an in gauge ; ay in lay ; ea in great; ei in deign; ey in they. 2d. For Flat 2 A, au in daunt ; ua in guard ; ea in Jieartc 3d. For Broad 3 A, aw in pause ; aw in Zaw; er£ 4 A, a£ in plaid ; ua in guaranty. 5th. For Zcwtf *E, ea in weah; ei in se^e; ie in brief; eo in £>e0- pZe; * in. pique ; ey in &ey. 6th. For Short 2 E, a in any ; ai in sai(Z ; ay in says ; ea in a'eaa' ; ei in heifer ; eo in leopard ; ie m friend ; ue in guess ; u in bury. 7th. For Zcwtf *I, ai in a?'s?e ; ei in sleight ; ey in eye ; ie in die ; ui in £«i<#e ; uy in &wy ; y in £ry. 8th. For Short 2 I, e in English ; ee in oee?& ; ie in siewe ; in wo- men ; u in busy ; ui in build ; y in symbol. 9th. For Zc?za J 0, aw in hautboy ; eau in beau ; eo in yeoman ; ew in sew ; oa in ooa£ ; . wp-prove