Gass T^- L^ 
 
 Book^jJii) 
 

 Raleiflb^s Only 
 
 Department Store 
 
 Trustworthy j^oods only, at uniformly right prices. 
 All articles guarantw^d as ri'present(>d. :: :: :: :: 
 One price to all and that the lowest. :: :: :: :: :: 
 Monej' refunded to all dissatisfied buyers. :: :: ;: 
 Courteous treatment to all. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 
 Experienced salespeopUi iu every department. :: 
 Buying in large quantities and direct, saves for you 
 the middleman's profit. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 
 Reducing prices without reducing qualities. :: :: 
 Modern .store .Service anil K(|uipnu'nt. :: :: :: :: 
 
 Vou'll Find tbc Store a$ 
 6ood a$ J1dvertiscd««c 
 
 miiiVi!^ttiiAx,iA^<^^^^v.iiiiZ■■\k Oj :a. blL ^ ^ ^ . iLiIl]iii„i[dl]i„ ,i,iUl;i.. ,..Uli„„i' Jl Hill Illll illlli.J 
 
 ^ 
 
EDGAR E. ELLINGTON, Mgr. 
 WALTER J. WYATT. 
 
 WYATT & ELLINGTON 
 
 MAMUFACTUKEES OF 
 
 ROUGH AND DRESSED 
 
 LUMBER 
 
 Flooring, Ceiling, Weatherboarding, etc., Sash, Doors, Blinds, Windotc 
 
 and Door Frames, Mouldings, Mantels, Turned Work, and 
 
 All Kinds of Building Material. 
 
 SHINGLES AND LATHS. WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS. 
 
 OFFICE AND SHOP: 
 
 120 South West Street, ^ ^ ^ Raleigh, North Carolina. 
 
 Interstate Phone 332. 
 
 . 4lHm»lllll itll i"!'!^ !ii ]illl|..illl hi,iljllliii,iiljliiliiiiiljll!li Illlliii.ill lillmiililli Mnljli ^lii„.ilillmillll[lli, .iili:ii,niljiLllliiiilil ilk. 
 
 ^? H.J. BR OW N COFF IN HOUSE 
 
 TABLISHED i 
 
 JOHN W. BROWN, 
 
 Nos. 207, 209, 211 DAT Cli^U tsJ C 
 
 SOUTH SALISBURY STREET, KALtlOM, IN . i^. 
 
 Undertaking, embracing Embalming and services at burials, con- 
 ducted in the most improved manner, by skilled and attentive opera- 
 tors. Particular attention given the embalming of bodies for trans- 
 portation. 
 
 Coffins, Caskets and Burial Cases 
 
 of every grade constantly in stock; also Robes for malt- and female, 
 Burial Shoes, etc. 
 
 Prompt attention to all calls, day or night, either in the city or 
 county. Belt, Phone 336, Rai.etgh and Interstate 142. f 
 
 ^||l i" l H fl i l' ^H f! »'"i fl lli"l l1TP yillfli Iflili'lf! ilflii'llfli"iiiyii|f'i"ilfli "llf""'llf Ilfl"i'illf' flii'-llfliiiilllffl ff" 
 
ERKATA. 
 
 Page 49, twentj'-fifth line, for 1796, read 1896. 
 Page 111, second line, for " Rev." read Mr. 
 
 Page 115 (fourth paragraph) the name of Jas. Lawrence should 
 be among the survivors mentioned. 
 
Historical Raleigh 
 
 FROM ITS foundation IN 1792 
 
 descriptive, biographical, 
 educational, indus- 
 trial, religious 
 
 REMINISCENCES REVIEWED AND CAREFULLY COMPILED 
 
 Kutered according to Act of Congress in tbe Year 1902, by M. N. Amis, 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 By 
 
 IMOSKg! >r . AMIS 
 
 of the Raleigh Bar, 
 
 Author of Amis's N. C. Criminal Code and Digest. 
 
 1902 
 
Two Coptee Recsivro 
 
 SEP. '^P 1902 
 
 Cryamtmr EHTHV 
 
 Ct.ASS'^ XXa No. 
 
 3) ? T ? ^ 
 
 COPY 8. 
 
 REPORT OF CONDITION 
 
 dbe Commercial and jfarmcrs Banb^ 
 
 OF RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 At Close of Business April 30, 1902. 
 
 RESOURCES: 
 
 Loans and Discounts «398,599.46 
 
 Overdrafts 3,627.23 
 
 North Carolina 4 per cent Bonds 30,000.00 
 
 Banking House and Fixtures 18,702.48 
 
 Other Real Estate 13,958.31 
 
 Cash Due from Banks 90,084.02 
 
 Cash Items and Checks _„ 3,816.93 
 
 Cash on hand - 43,128.63 
 
 $601,917.06 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Capital Stock paid in '..-_-_$100,000.00 
 
 Surplus B^ind — - 25,000.00 
 
 Net Profits 2.5,202..33 
 
 DEPOSITS: 
 
 Individual Deposits ?431,940.44 
 
 Bank Deposits 18,751.46 
 
 Cashiers' Checks 1,022.53 $4.51,714.73 
 
 S601.917.06 
 
 .1. .1. THOMAS, President. B. S. JERMAN, Cashier. 
 
 A. A. THOMPSON, Vice-President. H. W. JACKSON, Asst. Cashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 .1. J. THOMAS, President. 
 
 ALF. A. THOMPSON, ol' .lohnson & Thompson. Cotton E.xporter.s. 
 
 CAREY J. HUNTKIt, Siipt. Union Central Life Insurance Co. 
 • R.«B.<RANEY..H«Mera4 vXircnt Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. 
 TTJIOJ. H:F.IM<V5>i..<3f 'J'hos. H. Rriggs & Sons, Hardware. 
 MT|,>>»IJI.A' I*'. Hlhb.of J; R. Ferrall & Co., Grocers. 
 
 .IAA.V: S*HF,Pllfcflf>, o'f Shepherd and Shepherd, Attorneys at Law. 
 
 HENRY A. LONDON, Atlornev at Law, Pittsboro, N. C. 
 .UNa*W»<SO<:iTT, CiLiiiUlist.Sanfurd, N. C. 
 
 GB;«: W. -WATTS. J}i<e(U(ir Annrican Tobacco Co., Durliam, N. C. 
 /B.-iS:.-nr.T<.K;Pre.-,id.ftt.Fi(l(lilv Hank, Durham, N. C. 
 *A!^I|1j:V ll()ltXi:,*l'rVsi(l,iil i'lavton Banking Co., Clayton, N.C. 
 
 FRED. I'HIMl'S, Capilalisl, Tarboro, N. C. 
 
 D.Y.COOPER, Capitalist, Henderson, N. C. 
 
 ASHBY Ij. baker, President Virginia Cotton Mills. 
 
 Safe Deposit Boxes for Rent. 
 
 No Interest Paid on Deposits. 
 
 <V 
 
 /^-. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 The arrangement of the suhjcct-mattor of this work precludes a table of con- 
 tents by chapters. The follow'iiiK incthud, therefore, will prove, it is hoped, as 
 advantageous in enabling the reader to lind any desired subject as if this de- 
 parture trom established custom had not been adopted. 
 
 This table of contents has no reference to matter.*, things or conditions em- 
 braced in the chapter, " A Glance at Raleigh of To-Day," this being but sup- 
 plementary, in its character, to " Historical Raleigh." 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Formation of Wake County 11 
 
 Bloomsbury — the home of Col. Joel Lane . . - 15 
 
 Brief sketch of Col. Joel Lane and his descendants 19 
 
 Sittings of the General Assembly before the Revolution 25 
 
 Location and founding of a permanent capital 27 
 
 Plan of the city 37 
 
 First sale of city lots 47 
 
 The first Statehouse - 49 
 
 Sale of lots in 1819 51 
 
 Erection of the Governor's " Palace" - 53 
 
 Burning of the Statehouse 57 
 
 Erection of a new capitol . . 59 
 
 First city government and its commissioners 63 
 
 Mayors 66 
 
 Early inhabitants.... 67,68,70,71, 73, 73, 74, 75, 91, 93 
 
 Inhabitants and business men of later times 61, 66, 75-77, 
 
 85-89, 95-97, 107, 109, 112, 115-117, 119, 120, 125-129, 131-133, 
 
 137-141, 173-177. 195 
 
 Older living inhabitants 77-81 
 
 Newspapers in Raleigh's early history 67, 68, 109, 110, HI, 127 
 
 Later newspapers 101, 127, 180 
 
 Fires and fire-engines of old times - 81 
 
 Street-cars 83 
 
 Religious — churches and ministers 84 
 
 Early hotels, or taverns 90 
 
 President Andrew Johnson 92 
 
 Educational — schools and teachers 93 
 
 Physicians of old times 132, 133 
 
 Lawyers 99 
 
 Masonry and Odd Fellowship 101 
 
6 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 General La Fayette's visit to Raleigh 104 
 
 The Nat. Turner Insurrection 108 
 
 Early railroads and their employees 113 
 
 Removal of the old market - IIT 
 
 Old-time common or " free schools " l!il 
 
 Henry Clay's visit to Raleigh 123 
 
 A new impetus — organization and erection of new State institu- 
 tions - 129 
 
 Inhabitants of later times 131, 133, 137 
 
 Physicians of old times 132, 133 
 
 Military companies .- 134 
 
 Visit of Stephen A. Douglas 142 
 
 Business men of the old and the present time 143, 145 
 
 Historical Scraps 165 
 
 The Dawn of a Momentous Era — the Civil War 168 
 
 The Stars and Bars unfurled 170 
 
 Preparations for the conflict - 172 
 
 Raleigh boys who enlisted in the strife 173 
 
 Events at home during the war 177 
 
 Sacking of newspaper offices by soldiers and citizens 180 
 
 Surrender of Raleigh to the Federal forces 183 
 
 Return of the Confederate veterans 193 
 
 Municipal affairs ensuing the war 195 
 
 A notable event 197 
 
 Raleigh's Centennial Celebration 199 
 
 "A Glance at Raleigh of To-Day " 201 
 
 Olivia Raney Library 221 
 
 Raleigh tobacco market 223 
 
 Cotton and Grocers' Exchange 228 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Residence of Col. Joel Lane 17 
 
 Dr. F. J. Haywood 75 
 
 Birthplace of President Andrew Johnson 87 
 
 W. C. Upchurch - 99 
 
 Dr. W. H. McKee 111 
 
 RUFUS H. Horton - 134 
 
 J. Rupfin Williams 135 
 
 E. B. Thomas - 148 
 
 Dr. Chas. E Johnson 1 61 
 
 J. C. S. Lumsden 175 
 
 N. B. Broughton -- 188 
 
 A. M. Powell 302 
 
 Chas. F. Lumsden 314 
 
 Horace B. Greason 319 
 
 Malcus W. Page 332 
 
 Joseph J. Bernard - 330 
 
 Herbert E. Norris 330 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 In its general and popular acceptation, the term history is con- 
 fined to records of events of a political character, and is seldom 
 used in referring to any condition of things less broad than the 
 State or nation. Hence, matters of interest so narrow as to be 
 confined to a town or city are usually regarded as unworthy of 
 preservation in literary form. This view is an erroneous one, 
 for, apart from the general value of a knowledge of men and 
 things passed and gone, by comparing the humble beginnings in- 
 cident to every community with present conditions — whether 
 these beginnings refer to events or to things — a laudable sense of 
 pride becoming to every citizen is felt, and inspiration for future 
 excellence encouraged. 
 
 Except in rare instances, it has not been within the scope of the 
 book to make mention of the names of any inhabitants who have 
 not been in close touch with our people, however distinguished in 
 State or nation, and though "native and to the manner born," the 
 design of the author being to acquaint the reader with the life of 
 the people of Raleigh in the olden time, rather than to undertake 
 the narration of such events as ordinarily claim the attention of 
 the historian. 
 
 In the preparation of the book, the author's desire has oeen to 
 make it not only interesting as a record of the early days of the 
 capital, and of its people, but that it should serve also as a reposi- 
 tory of present conditions as well as of past events, and thus 
 
 prove valuable m future time. 
 
 MOSES N. AMIS. 
 Raleigh, y. C, Aug. 11, 1902. 
 
10 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 lllli.iillllllliiirlllllllinllltllnMlllllj ijilllm illlilll. li[ llill lifclniillll llIlllnMlljlll llilllliMllilllnlllilllliimlllll,iil[lillliiiillillllii ..lllill lUl^liiiiiyi|. 
 
 Popular Prices Reliable Goods % 
 
 Dealers irv 
 
 flOen's anb Bo^s Clotbing 
 
 Shoes, Trunks, Hats and 
 Furnishing Goods5«.5=>5=>5=> 
 
 Our Prices are Right 
 Call and See Us 
 
 10 E. MARTIN STREET 
 
 JAMES I. JOHNSON, 
 
 Opp. Postoffice, ?y RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 KEEPS A FIRST-CLASS 
 
 PHARMACY 
 
 IN EVERY RESPECT 
 
 SFF-.CIAL ATTKJN^TIOIN" TO AIAII. ORI^J^RS. 
 
 ALSO 
 
 MANUFACTURER. AND PROPRIETOR 
 
 OK 
 
 A]SrTICEJ^HAT.ATXxI^E 
 
 THE WONDERFUL HI5ADACHE AND NEURALGIA CURE. 
 25 and 50c. a bottle. 
 
FORMATION OF WAKE COUNTY. 
 
 1 
 
 "As he is a bad man who is ashamed of an honest parentage be- 
 cause it was poor and liumble, so he is no better who is ashamed of 
 his country because its history records few or none of the bloody 
 triumphs of ambition, but tells the simple story of a people's unob- 
 trusive progress in civilization and homely comfort.", 
 
 — Dr. Francis L. Hawks, North Carolina's famous historian. 
 
 The county of Wake, in which the capital of North 
 Carolina is situate, was formed in 1771, from portions 
 of Cumberland, Orange and Johnston — chiefly from 
 the latter. The act of the Colonial Assembly author- 
 izing the establishment of the new county was ratified 
 in 1770, but was not to take effect, however, until 
 March 12, 1771. The first term of court began June 
 4th of that year. 
 
 The first sheriff was Michael Rogers, grandfather 
 of the late Mrs. Dr. F. J. Haywood. The first sheriff 
 after the organization of the city of Raleigh (1792) 
 was Richard Banks. 
 
 "act for the erection of wake county and ST. MAR- 
 GARET'S PARISH. 
 
 "Whereas, the large extent of said counties of John- 
 ston, Cumberland and Orange renders it grievous and 
 burthensome to many of the inhabitants thereof to 
 attend the courts, general musters, and other public 
 meetings therein : 
 
 "Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and Assem- 
 bly, and by the authority of the same, that from and 
 after the twelfth day of March next after the passing 
 of this act, the said counties of Johnston, Cumberland 
 and Orange be divided by the following lines, that is to 
 say, beginning at Edgecombe line on Mocosin Swamp, 
 
12 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 W. e. THOMAS 
 
 prescription 
 2)ruoi3i8t 
 
 2145 Halifax Street, RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 A FULL AND COMPLETE LINE 
 OF 
 
 ^resb 2)rufls and goilet articles 
 
 CARRIED 
 IN STOCK AT ALL TIMES. 
 
 Prescription Department 
 
 IS THE OBJECT OF OUR SPECIAL CAPE. 
 
 DAY OR NIGHT. 
 
 .^.^.^Mail Orders Receive^ Prompt Attention.^^^* 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 13 
 
 a mile above James Lea's Plantation, running a di- 
 rect line to Neuse River, at the upper end of John 
 Bedding-field's Plantation ; then to David Mimm's mill 
 and Tanner's old mill, then the same course continued 
 to the ridge which divides Cumberland and Johnston 
 counties; then a straight line to Orange line, at the 
 lower end of Richard Hill's plantation, on Buckhorn ; 
 then the same course continued five miles ; then to the 
 corner of Johnston County on Granville line; then 
 with the same line and Bute line to Edgecombe line, 
 and along Edgecombe line to the beginning ; be thence- 
 forth erected into a distinct county and parish by the 
 name of Wake County and St. Margaret's Parish." 
 
 This act was ratified January 26, 1771, by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly, which sat that year in New Bern. 
 
 A copy of the charter of the county may be found 
 recorded in the office of the Clerk of the Superior 
 Court. It is signed by Wm. Tryon, the Colonial Gov- 
 ernor, and executed at New Bern the 22d dav of May, 
 1771. 
 
 The following is a literal copy of the order directing 
 its registration : 
 
 Wake Sepr Inferior Term, 1771. 
 Wake County — 
 
 Present His Majesty's Justices. 'Twas then Or- 
 dered, that the within Charter of Wake County be 
 Recorded, which was done accordingly this twelfth 
 Dav of Sepr., 1771, in Book A and pages 4, 5 and G. 
 Test : JNO. RICE C. I. C. 
 
 The county was named for Royal Governor Tryon's 
 wife, whose maiden name was Wake, though some au- 
 thorities claim it was so designated in honor of Esther 
 Wake, a sister of Ladv Trvon. 
 
14 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 JAS. BOYLAN J. B. PEARCE C. McKIMMON \!| 
 
 BOYLAN. PEARCE I CO. I 
 
 i 
 
 206AND208 ik 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE STREET, 71' 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. >J 
 
 Always the Latest Styles at Lowest PricesSaj&j&. M) 
 
 \f 
 
 Send for Samplesjigij&Ji-.'&Ji.j&.j&j&j&j&.j&.j&jg i.JijiS.ji&.Ji. Wj 
 
 S^. .# SI, 
 
 .ocP' 3 
 
 p 
 
 SI/ 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 15 
 
 The county seat of Wake was originally Blooms- 
 bury. This name was adopted evidently because such 
 was the title of the homestead of Col. Joel Lane, who 
 was the owner of vast estates in this vicinity. Blooms- 
 bury was situated at what is at present the western 
 terminus of Hargett street, on Boylan Avenue, and 
 embraced the lands now owned by the Boylan and 
 Snow families. Wheji the county was organized, and 
 Bloomsbury became the county seat, a court-house was 
 accordingly erected. This was a log building, which 
 stood on the hillside in front of Col. Lane's residence. 
 Subsequently, and until 1792, the county seat was 
 known as Wake Court House. 
 
 The residence of Joel Lane is still standing on Boy- 
 lan avenue, near West Hargett street, facing east. It 
 has been the property of the Boylan family since it 
 was purchased by Wm. Boylan, nearly a century ago. 
 Except the double-slanting roof and dormer windows, 
 there is now nothing in its exterior to indicate its co- 
 lonial origin, for the building has had many material 
 repairs, especially' on the interior. The fireplaces, 
 originally, were evidentl}- extremely large, as may 
 be judged from the base of the chimneys, one of which 
 is built at the end and on the outside of the house, 
 and suggests that the pieces or "sticks" of wood used 
 for fuel were at least five feet in length. One of the 
 mantels is colonial in style, being five or six feet above 
 the hearth, while the locks on the doors are of antique 
 pattern and of great strength. At this season (mid- 
 summer) the building and its environments — situated 
 as they are in the background of a beautiful lawn, 
 arched above with the thick foliage of towering oaks, 
 with here and there a magnolia, roses and other shrub- 
 bery' — present a most picturesque scene. 
 
 In an open field, about thirty-five feet south of Mor- 
 gan street and near Boylan avenue on the east, under 
 
ir> 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 i BiGS I mi 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 HARDWARE 
 
 Lime 
 
 Cement 
 
 Plaster 
 
 Sash 
 
 Doors 
 
 Blinds 
 
 Guns Loaded Shells 
 
 Gypsine, Jap-a-Lac Lava Floor Paint 
 
 Stains Enamels 
 P. C. Paint White Lead Oils 
 
 Best Goodss.Lou}est Pricess^Square Dealing 
 
HISTORICAL KALKKill. 
 
 17 
 
18 
 
 HISTUKICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 fjOHN S. PESCUD," 
 
 I Ipbarmaciet, 
 
 I NO. 12 W. HARGETT STREET. 
 
 I EVERYTHING FRESH IN MEDICINE AND OF SIIINDIIRD QOflLIIY. 
 
 <is 
 
 We have rubbed and pounded, mixed and 
 poured, many thousand times for the people 
 hereabout. We have customers with whom we 
 became acquainted 35 years ago. Who sells 
 vou vour medicine ? :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 J. S. PESCUD. 
 
 W. H. HUGHES, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 CHINA 
 
 L^A s e 
 UeensVa 
 
 China, Crockery, 
 Glassware 
 
 Lamps, Table Cutlery. Silvcr- 
 
 Plated Ware, Refrigerators, 
 
 Tea Trays, Oil 
 
 Stoves, Ice- 
 cream Freezers, 
 Water Filters, and a Gen- 
 eral Line of House Furnishings. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 19 
 
 what was once a stalwart mulberry tree, but now de- 
 cayed and tottering with time, and without a stone or 
 slab to mark the spot, is the last resting place of Joel 
 Lane. 
 
 This place, in the early part of the century, was 
 owned b}^ Peter Browne, one of the first lawyers to set- 
 tle in Raleigh. Subsequently, in 1818, it was sold by 
 him to Wm. Boylan. At present it is occupied by Mr. 
 R. L. Potts and his cultured and interesting family. 
 
 As manj^ descendants of Col. Joel Lane are still liv- 
 ing among us, a brief sketch of the Lane family may 
 prove not uninteresting : 
 
 There were five of the Lane brothers — Joel, Joseph, 
 Jesse, James and Barnabas. The three first men- 
 tioned settled in the vicinity of Raleigh in 1741. Col. 
 Joel Lane's first wife was Martha Hinton, his second 
 Mary Hinton, daughters of Col. John Hinton, of Wake. 
 Joseph Lane married Ferebee Hunter. He died in 
 1798. The maiden name of the wife of James Lane 
 was Lydia Speight. Jesse Lane had a son, John, who 
 married Betsy Street, of Buncombe, and these two 
 were the father and mother of General Joseph Lane, of 
 Oregon, who was the candidate for Vice-President in 
 1860, on the ticket with Breckenridge. Jesse Lane 
 married Winifred Aycock, and these were grandpa- 
 rents of ex-Governor Swain. 
 
 Joel Lane had six sons and an equal number of 
 daughters. The sons were: Henry, James, William, 
 John, Thomas and Joel; the daughters were, Nancy, 
 Martha, Elizabeth, Mary, Dorothy and Grizzelle. The 
 eldest son, Henry, was the grandfather of the late 
 Henry Mordecai, and second cousin to General Joseph 
 Lane. This relationship between the latter and Mr. 
 Mordecai occasioned, in 1860, when the Vice-Presiden- 
 tial candidate came to Raleigh, the most distinguished 
 social gathering which had ever been observed here. 
 
20 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 '"ifi ifi W"'W 'fi ii;»rii""iiFii""iifii"'Hiupi'"iiifii"'iiifN""iiiTiii"iiiii]ri iiTpi''"iifi.i"iiifi'""i(ijri v""i^i !jrii"'"m 
 
 IRaicigb /IRarbic ggorhs 
 
 COOPER BROS., Proprietors. 
 
 WE have work erected 
 in nearly every County 
 in North Carolina, as 
 well as in adjoining 
 States. 
 
 EVERY job is an adver- 
 tisement of our work. 
 
 WE will not send out an 
 inferior piece of stone 
 or work if we know it. 
 
 WE furnish only the 
 best grade of work- 
 manship and material. 
 
 SOME of the best 
 MONUMENTS 
 
 in the State were 
 erected by us. 
 
 Free on application — 
 
 Booklet "Testimonials," 
 
 Booklet ' ' Some Work 
 Erected by Us " 
 
 Catalogue. 
 
 C>OOP ER BROS., NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 iiiiliiiiiiiiiili) idliiiiiiiiiiiii iilii liiii.iMiiliii iilii [liiiiiiiiiiiliiiiii .iiili iiliiiii,.)[iiiiii,iiiiiliiii,iiiijliii.iiiiiiliiii,iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiliih.iiiiiiii.i,4iii|||| 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 21 
 
 This was at the residence of Mr. Mordecai, on the 
 northern limits of the city, to which were invited 
 every one of consequence hereabouts and all the kins- 
 people of the Lanes and Mordecais far and near. It 
 is said to have been the most brilliant and elaborate 
 affair ever known in the histor^^ of the capital. 
 Among others present, and who were descendants of 
 Joel Lane, were members of the following families: 
 Devereuxs, McCuUers (John Joseph Lane McCuUers, 
 father of Mr. Chas. E. and Dr. Joseph McCuUers), the 
 late Col. L. D. Stephenson, Matthew Stephenson, Aus- 
 tin Jones, and a great many others whose names are 
 not now recalled. 
 
 The living descendants, now in this vicinity, of 
 Henry Lane, are Mrs. Margaret L. Little and five sons ; 
 Miss Martha Mordecai, Mrs. Mary W. Turk and two 
 children ; Mrs. Ellen Mordecai, her son S. F. Mordecai 
 and his eight children; Mrs. Margaret Devereux and 
 daughters — Mrs. J. J. Mackay and five children, Mrs. 
 J. W. Hinsdale and five children, and Misses Annie 
 and Laura Devereux. 
 
 Capt. J. J. Thomas, Dr. D. E. Everett, Joseph G. 
 and Jno. W. Brown are also descendants of Col. Lane. 
 The late W. H. Holleman was Col. Lane's great- 
 grandson. Mrs. Margaret E. Rowland, of Middle 
 Creek Township, and mother of J. T. and Eev. Chas. 
 H. Rowland, is also lineally descended from Col. Lane, 
 whose son James was Mrs. Rowland's great-grandfa- 
 ther. 
 
 Mrs. Lydia Brown, mother of Messrs. Jno. W. and 
 Joseph G. Brown, was a granddaughter of James 
 Lane. 
 
 Mrs. Phil. Thiem, her sons and daughters — one of 
 the latter being Mrs. Walter Woollcott; Mrs. John 
 Bedford; Miss Janie Brown; ^Irs. Richard Young, 
 her sons and daughter; tlie children of the late Nat. 
 
22 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 BOBBITT-WYNNE DRUG CO., 
 
 (INCORPORATED ) 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 DRUGGISTS AND PHARMACISTS. 
 
 Dealers in 
 
 All kinds of Drugs, Chemicals, Perfumery, 
 
 Toilet Articles, Sundries and Seeds. 
 
 ©ur prescription Department ie Complete, 
 
 We are Lieutenants to your Physician. 
 We obey his Orders Implicitly. 
 
 Remember this is the only drug Store THAT NEVER 
 CLOSES. You can find us wide open night and day, and 
 that necessarily makes us carry everything fit to smoke. 
 
 ALL PHONES 109. 
 
 Corner Fayetteville and South Market Streets, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 23 
 
 L. Brown, aiid Mrs. W. M. Browu, her sons and 
 daughters — are also descendants (through their 
 mother and grandmother, the late Mrs. Lydia Brown), 
 of James Lane. 
 
 Other descendants of the historic Lanes are Messrs. 
 Thomas J. Stephenson and his brothers, David, James 
 M., Lonnie D., Jr., Nathaniel R., Ralph Lane, and sis- 
 ters, Sallie E. and Julia V. Stephenson — sons and 
 daughters of the late Col. L. D. Stephenson — all of 
 Middle Creek Township, this county. 
 
 Mr. Chas. E. McCullers, of Raleigh, has in his pos- 
 session a powder-horn and mahogany walking-cane, 
 with the name of "Joseph Lane" carved on each, the 
 lettering being still quite distinct. 
 
 The following are the names of some of the inhabi- 
 tants of Wake as far back as the Revolution, and 
 as these names are borne by many families still living 
 here, the latter are doubtless the descendants of these 
 original residents : Aycock, Bunch, Atkins, Blake, 
 Seagraves, Yates, Yarborough, Barbee, Barker, Bel- 
 vin, Chavis, Whitehead, Whitley, W^oodard, Utley, 
 Terrell, Dunn, Earp, Ferrall, High, Hinton, Savage, 
 Taylor, Strickland, Hood, Joyner, Lane, Martin, Pool, 
 Rigsby, Speight, Rand, Tate, Tucker, Walton, Bryan, 
 Ashley, Powell, Phillips, Peebles, Bledsoe, Banks, Col- 
 lins, Pope, Pullen, Mooneyham, Holleman, Horton, 
 Hutchiugs, Heartsfield, Hayes, Cole, Chappell, 
 Cooper, Ellis, Dodd, Edwards, Goodwin, and of 
 course a great many otliers. 
 
 "No other community in the United States," said 
 Capt. S. A. Ashe, in his Memorial Address, on the 
 10th of May last, "is so completely and thoroughly 
 the development of local influences as are the people 
 of North Carolina. Since the Revolution we have 
 had no considerable accessions of population from 
 abroad. Our people to-day are descendants of the 
 
24 HISTOIUCAL RALEIGH. 
 
 DOBBIN & FERRALL. 
 
 AT TUCKER'S STORE 
 
 123 and I2S Fayctteutlle street 
 
 Dr^ Goods of all Kinds 
 and Kindred Wans, 
 
 Raleigh's ^preseniative Dry Goods Store* 
 
 We always have in stock what 3-011 want and 
 what you can not find elsewhere, and w-e 
 always sell better ofoods at lower prices than 
 any other store. Since we started in business 
 ours has been the leading Dr\- Goods House 
 of Raleigh, but not content with merely a local 
 trade, we began, years ago, a policy of ex- 
 pansion that should place us side by side with 
 the greatest department stores in the country. 
 Our growth, though very rapid, has been 
 along conservative lines, and oiir store is now 
 not only the recognized trade center of all the 
 territorN^ adjacent to Raleigh, but likewise of 
 all North Carolina. Our success is founded 
 upon the principle of straigh forward dealing 
 and exact truthfulness in stating the merits 
 of the goods offered, and always .selling the 
 best goods at the lowest prices. :: :: :: :: 
 
 DOBBIN & FERRALL. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 25 
 
 men and women who came here when our woods were 
 unbroken forests, who first cleared these fields, estab- 
 lished their homes in the wilderness a,nd subdued 
 these native wilds to the use of man. Their past then 
 is our past. As we constitute North Carolina to-daj, 
 our forbears constituted it in their time and genera- 
 tion; and we are but the natural growth developed 
 under the influences that surrounded them." 
 
 SITTINGS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 Without attempting to give the reader any account 
 of the sittings of the General Assembly — whether 
 Royal or Proprietary — in ante-revolutionary times, 
 his attention is directed to the sessions of this body 
 during the Revolution. These were affected to a con- 
 siderable extent by the exigencies of war. Those in 
 1777 and the first session of 1778, as well as the first 
 of 1780, were held in New Bern. The second session 
 of 1778, the second of 1780, and those of 1782 and 1783 
 were at Hillsboro. The third session of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1778, which met in January, 1779, 
 was at Halifax, as was likewise the second session of 
 1779. The first of 1779 was at Smithfield. The first 
 of 1781 was in Wake County, at the Lane homestead. 
 One was appointed for Salem, but a quorum did not 
 attend. 
 
 After the Declaration of Peace, the sessions of 1784 
 were, the first at Hillsboro, and the second at New 
 Bern, as was also that of 1785. That of 1787 was at 
 Tarboro. Those of 178G, 1788, 1789, 1790 and the first 
 session of 1793 were at Fayetteville. Those of 1791, 
 1792, and the second session of 1793, held in June, 
 1794, were in New Bern. 
 
26 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Booksellers and 
 Stationers « « 
 
 RALEIGH. 
 
 AN. C. 
 
 Cargest and Oldest Book and Stationery 
 Store in tl>e State f& « «: founded in 1867 
 
 /^UR personal attention 
 given all orders for any 
 and everj^thing in our 
 line of business. Our 
 policy of promptness, ac- 
 curacy and reasonable 
 prices have won us custom- 
 ers in all parts of the 
 United States. Your 
 orders are solicited. :: :: 
 
 I ALFRED WIUUIAMS & COMPANY f 
 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 27 
 
 LOCATION OF A PERMANENT CAPITAL. 
 
 The General Assembly of 1787, sitting at Tarboro, 
 in providing for calling a convention to consider the 
 adoption of the Constitution of the United States, re- 
 commended the people of the State to "fix on the place 
 for the unalterable seat of government." 
 
 The Convention, which met at Hillsboro in 1788, 
 resolved that "this Convention will not fix the seat of 
 government at one particular point, but that it shall 
 be left to the discretion of the Assembl^^ to ascertain 
 the exact spot, provided always, that it shall be within 
 ten miles of the plantation whereon Isaac Hunter now 
 resides, in the county of Wake." 
 
 In 1791 an act was passed by the General Assembly 
 to carry the ordinance of 1788 into effect. It was 
 provided that nine commissioners be appointed to lay 
 off and locate the city within ten miles of the planta- 
 tion of Isaac Hunter, in the county of Wake, and five 
 persons "to cause to be built and erected a Statehouse 
 sufiioiently large to accommodate with convenience 
 both Houses of the General Assembly, at an expense 
 not to exceed ten thousand pounds." 
 
 This historic tract of Isaac Hunter lies about 
 three and a half miles north of our city, on what was 
 once the great road from the North to the South by 
 way of Petersburg, Warrenton, Louisburg, Wake 
 Court House to Fayetteville, Charleston and other 
 points. 
 
 This act provided for one commissioner from each 
 of the eight Judicial Districts, and a ninth from the 
 State-at-large. The following were elected : For the 
 Morgan District, Joseph McDowell, the elder; Salis- 
 bury District, James Martin; Hillsboro District, 
 Thomas Person; Halifax District, Thomas Blount; 
 Edenton District, William Johnston Dawson ; New 
 
28 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ♦ ♦ 
 
 Cbe People's Popular, Pusbing, 
 Progressive 
 
 Photographer 
 
 ♦♦ 
 
 **nof bow Cbeap, but bow 
 Good and Up=to=Date/' i& « 
 
 l^emember 
 
 It Pays to 6et the Best 
 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 29 
 
 Bern District, Frederick Hargett; Fayetteville Dis- 
 trict, Henry William Harrington; Wilmington Dis- 
 trict, James Bloodworth ; State-at-large, Willie 
 Jones. 
 
 Willie Jones, of Halifax, was the leader of the anti- 
 Federalists, a member of the Provincial Congress at 
 New Bern in 1774, and chairman of the Committee on 
 Safety in 1776. He refused to accept a seat in the 
 Constitutional Convention of 1787 at Philadelphia, 
 and led the party in the State Convention of 1788 op- 
 posed to the adoption of the Federal Constitution. 
 He eventually removed to Wake County, and bought 
 the plantation now owned in part by the St. Augus- 
 tine Normal School. It was on this place he was 
 buried, but there is now no stone to mark the spot. 
 
 Frederick Hargett was for many years Senator 
 from Jones. 
 
 James Martin was a colonel of militia in the Revo- 
 lution, and participated in winning the victory of 
 Moore's Creek Bridge and Guilford Court House. The 
 deed from Joel Lane for the land purchased for the 
 capital was to James Martin in trust for the State. 
 
 Thomas Blount, of Edgecombe, had been a Revolu- 
 tionary officer. He was the same year elected to the 
 National House of Representatives, and afterwards 
 represented Edgecombe in the State Senate. 
 
 Thomas Person, of Granville, was a general of mi- 
 litia in the early Revolution, and afterwards repre- 
 sented his county in the General Assembly. He was 
 a benefactor of the University, and in his honor the 
 county of Person was named. 
 
 James Bloodworth, of New Hanover, had often rep- 
 resented his county in the General Assembly. He 
 was a son of Timothy Bloodworth, a gunmaker, and 
 was afterwards Speaker of the House of Commons, a 
 delegate from North Carolina to the Confederate Con- 
 
30 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ZACHARY MANTEL CO, 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO 
 
 n 
 
 HEADQUARTERS FOR 
 
 liardwood IllaiitelSt Ciles and Grates 
 
 If you are in need of anything in our line, we 
 shall be glad to figure on your requirement.s. 
 
 Just think, A Nice Cabinet Mantel, Plain Oak, 
 Polish Finish, for $8.50, with Mirror 14x24. 
 
 ZACHARY MANTEL CO.. 
 
 108 W. MARTm ST., RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
HISTORICAL UALEIGH. 31 
 
 gress, a representative in the Congress of the Union, 
 and a United States Senator. 
 
 Col. Joseph McDowell, the elder, of Burke, was dis- 
 tinguished for his services in the Revolution, and for 
 being a leader of the Anti-Federalist party in the 
 west, opposing, in the Conventions of 1778 and 1789, 
 the proposed immediate and unconditional ratifica- 
 tion of the Federal Constitution. 
 
 William Johnston Dawson, of Chowan, w^as a mem- 
 ber of Congress and a man of great influence in the 
 Albemarle country. 
 
 Henr}^ William Harrington, of Richmond, was an 
 oflflcer in the Revolutionary struggle. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature and famed as a planter of 
 immense estates and baronial style of living. 
 
 The following were chosen as the Building Commit- 
 tee Richard Benehan, of Orange; John Macon, of 
 Warren ; Robert Goodloe, of Franklin ; Nathan Bryan, 
 of Jones, and Theophilus Hunter, of Wake. 
 
 Jas. Iredell, of Chowan, who was a member of the 
 Convention, introduced the ordinance locating the 
 seat of government in the county of Wake. The first 
 to suggest "Raleigh'' as the appropriate designation 
 for the future capital was Governor Alexander 
 Martin. 
 
 Jas. Iredell afterwards had the distinction of being 
 honored with a seat on the bench of the United States 
 Supreme Court, and is to be distinguished from Jas. 
 Iredell, his son, who was Governor in 1827, and at the 
 time of his death, at an advanced age, a resident of 
 Raleigh. 
 
 The location of the county seat was entrusted to 
 seven commissioners, also appointed by the General 
 Assembly, viz : Joel Lane, Theophilus Hunter, Hardy 
 Sanders, Joseph Lane, John Hinton, Thomas Hines 
 and Thomas Crawford. The commissioners for build- 
 
32 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Suits $25 to $75 
 
 Trousers $8 to $15 
 
 High Class Tailoring 
 
 Fayetteville Street 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH, 33 
 
 ing the court-house and jail were Joel Lane, James 
 Martin and Theophilus Hunter. 
 
 As the first court-house in Raleigh was not erected 
 till about 1800 (and that on Fayetteville street, where 
 the present temple of justice stands), the building at 
 Bloomsbury, or Wake Court House, erected for a 
 court-house in 1770, continued, it seems, to be used as 
 such for several years after the city was organized. 
 
 The new court-house was on the Fayetteville street 
 site — rectangular, of wood, of the shape of the old- 
 fashioned country meeting-house. This was sold 
 about 1835, and removed bodily to the southeast cor- 
 ner of Wilmington and Davie streets, and was for a 
 long time a family residence. It was afterwards con- 
 ducted — first, as a boarding-house, by the Misses Pul- 
 liam, and then as a hotel by Geo. T. Cooke, and 
 known as Cooke's Hotel. The structure which re- 
 placed the one removed was of brick, and erected in 
 1835. This was remodeled in 1882, and constitutes 
 the present court-house. 
 
 Reverting to the commissioners and to their duty in 
 planning the city, in addition to their authority to 
 select the site within the ten-mile limit, they were 
 directed to purchase not less than six hundred and 
 forty nor more than one thousand acres, and to lay 
 off a town of not less than four hundred acres. The 
 main streets were required to be ninety-nine feet, the 
 remainder sixty-six feet wide. Twenty acres or more 
 were to be allotted for public squares. 
 
 The commissioners were to be allowed twenty shil- 
 lings (or two dollars) per day and expenses. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 20th March, 1792, there assembled 
 at the house of Isaac Hunter five of the nine commis- 
 sioners, viz., Frederick Hargett, of Jones; William 
 Johnson Dawson, of Chowan; Joseph McDowell, of 
 Burke; James Martin, of Stokes; Thomas Blount, of 
 
34 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ^*^^. 
 
 I ROBERT SIMPSON,'* 
 
 fXS CORNER HILLSBORO AND SALISBURY STREETS, \f/ 
 
 ^iS RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA ^1 
 
 RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 t 
 
 /|\ A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT ^1/ 
 
 f lperfmne8» C oHet Brtkles, etc« J 
 
 /|S Also Wm. Simpson's Popular Remedies — w 
 
 I 
 
 /fe Catarrh Cream 
 
 ^{^ llfvcr ipills, etc. ^j^ 
 
 f 
 w 
 
 «/ 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 35 
 
 Edgecombe. They did not organize, but adjourned at 
 once to the house of Joel Lane, at Wake Court House. 
 On the next day they began their work by viewing the 
 lands which had been offered to them as suitable sites. 
 On the 22d they were joined by Willie Jones, of 
 Halifax. 
 
 The tracts offered to the commissioners, and which 
 they were eight days riding over, not stopping for 
 Sunday, were those of the following-named owners: 
 Nathaniel Jones, Theophilus Hunter, Sr. ; Theophilus 
 Hunter, Jr. ; Joel Lane, Henry Lane, Isaac Hunter, 
 Thomas Crawford, Dempsey Powell, Ethelred Rogers, 
 Michael Rogers, Hardy Dean, John Ezell, John Hin- 
 ton, Kimbrough Hinton, Lovett Bryan, and William 
 Jeffreys. 
 
 On the 27th of March, the commissioners took a sec- 
 ond view of the lands of Joel and Henry Lane. 
 
 On Thursday, the 20th of March, the commissioners 
 proceeded to organize themselves into a board, choos- 
 ing unanimously as chairman Frederick Hargett. 
 They then proceeded to ballot for the place most 
 proper to be purchased. Only three obtained any 
 vote. John Hinton's tract on the north side of the 
 Neuse, near ]\Iilburnie, received three votes; Joel 
 Lane's tract at Wake Court House received two votes ; 
 and Nathaniel Jones' tract, near Cary, received one 
 vote. 80 there wns no choice. On Friday, March 30, 
 a second ballot was taken, with the result that Joel 
 Lane's tract at Wake Court House received five votes 
 and the Hinton land but one vote. 
 
 The quantity purchased was the maximum allowed 
 by the law, one thous.uid acres. The price was thirty 
 shillings, or |3, for the "woodland and fresh grounds," 
 and twenty shillings per acre (|2) for the old-field. 
 One-fourth of the tract, after being cleared and culti- 
 vated, was abandoned because exhausted, and rated at 
 
36 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Mechanics a nb Tfnvestors lanion 
 
 A MORTGAGE INVESTMENT COMPANY 
 CHARTERED MAY, 1893 «.««**« 
 
 Operated and Managed 
 by 
 
 JOHN C. DREWRY, President. J. S. WYNNE, V.-President. 
 
 B. S. JERMAN, Treasurer. GEORGE ALLEN, Secretary 
 
 J. N. HOLDING, Attornej'. 
 
 C. G. LATTA and W. S. PRIMROSE, Directors 
 
 The object of the Company is to provide a plan by which wage- 
 earners and others can make monthly saving deposits, that will be 
 available at any time, if needed, and which, at certain dates, will be 
 returned with profits. 
 
 The second object is to furnish the money by which families can 
 be aided in owning homes, on the monthly payment plan. 
 
 This Company has had fine success, and during the past eight 
 years, it has aided more than four hundred men and women to save 
 and invest Seventy-five Thousand Dollars, of which amount about 
 Twenty Thousand Dollars has been advanced to the Certificate holders 
 to aid them in times of financial difficulty. 
 
 The Company has aided about Two Hundred families to own their 
 homes, giving them one hundred months in which to repay the loan. 
 
 The Company issues two kinds of Certificates. One Certificate 
 requires the monthly payment, or deposit, of Eighty Cents for each 
 One Hundred Dollars named in the Certificate, for a period of one 
 hundred months. This is the Wage-earners Savings Bank Certificate. 
 The other is a Full Paid Investment Certificate of |ioo, to which is 
 attached twenty coupons, payable in June and December. This Cer- 
 tificate is sold for I90 cash, and furnishes a si.N; per cent investment, 
 free of tax, which is paid by the Company. 
 
 All Certificates are fully secured by First Mortgage on Residence 
 Property, and form one of the safest investments. 
 
 GEORGE ALLEN, Secretary, 
 
 22 Pullen Building, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 37 
 
 only two-thirds the value of land covered by the origi- 
 nal forest growth. The price of the whole was 
 £1,378, or |2,756 — £1 at that time being the equivalent 
 of but |2, instead of |5, as now. 
 
 The surveyor employed was William Christmas, 
 State Senator from Franklin County, who agreed to 
 accept in full compensation for his services, including 
 six copies of the plan of the city, four shillings, or 
 forty cents currency, for each lot. As there were 276 
 lots, his pay amounted to |110.40. 
 
 PLAN OF TME CITY. 
 
 The work of the survey occupied four days. The 
 plan was adopted on the 4th of April, 1792, the com- 
 missioners assigning names to the public squares and 
 streets. They gave the name Union to the Capitol 
 Square, which is nearly six acres in extent. Four 
 other squares, of four acres each, they called in honor 
 of the first three Governors of our State under the 
 Constitution of 177G, and of the Attorney-General, 
 viz. : Governor Caswell, Nash, Burke, and Attorney- 
 General Moore. Caswell Square is the site of the In- 
 stitution for the Blind; Nash is opposite the Union 
 Depot, on the east; Burke, the site of the Governor's 
 Mansion ; Moore is in the southeastern portion of the 
 city, and bounded by Wilmington, Martin, Hargett 
 and Person streets. 
 
 In naming the streets, the commissioners first hon- 
 ored the eight judicial districts into which the State 
 was divided, viz. : Those of Edenton, New Bern, Wil- 
 mington, Hillsboro, Halifax, Salisbury, Fayette- 
 ville and ]\f organ. The street leading from the centre 
 of Union Square, perpendicularly thereto toward the 
 north, was called Halifax street; that to the east New 
 
38 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 jiliiMuIiuiuAiii. 
 
 Up = to = Date Undertakers 
 and Cmbalttiers ^ <t <& <i 
 
 115 S. Wilmington Street, 
 
 tv -1 Li-CIOH, TM C. 
 
 ■^^irnTilflin ii,^iiiiii^,iniii]piini^ili:ipiii.i,iU^ :i]Ti'."i.i:;Tri'"iiiiy[iii""Tipj"iiiT^„iii„,piii,;,7fr,ii"ii,fI ^iNiiiif;iiiiiIf,i"iiil^iiiiillipTTn,fr 
 
 flowers 
 and Plants 
 
 Cut Flowers of 
 
 Roses, Carnations and 
 other choice kinds for 
 all occasions. 
 
 Boquets and Floral Designs 
 at short notice. 
 
 Palms, Ferns and all kinds 
 of pot and outdoor bed- 
 ding plants. 
 
 Magnolias, Evergreens and Shade Trees. Vegetable Plants in 
 their season. 
 
 All mail or telegraph orders prf)niptly attended to. 
 
 H. STEINMETZ, Florist v ^hone 113 
 
 ^^€€€€€^€^J€#€€€^€€#€€€€C€€€€€€€€^€€€€€J€€€€- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 39 
 
 Bern; that to the south Fayetteville, and that to the 
 west Hillsboro. These are 99 feet, all the others are 
 66 feet wide, their width being prescribed by the act 
 of 1791. 
 
 The streets running east and west along the north 
 and the south side of Union Square, were called, re- 
 spectively, Edenton and Morgan. Those running 
 north and south, along the east and west side, were 
 called, respectively, Wilmington and Salisbury. 
 
 The other streets ( with the exception of those most 
 remote from Union Square, which, being the boundary 
 streets, were called North, East, South and West) 
 ^^ ere named, firstly, after the nine Commissioners on 
 Location. This left four streets. In naming them, 
 the commissioners concluded to compliment the 
 Speaker of the Senate, William Lenoir; the Speaker 
 of the House, Stephen Cabarrus ; the former owner of 
 the land, Joel Lane, and lastly. General William Rich- 
 ardson Davie. 
 
 William Lenoir was Speaker of the Senate. 
 He was in the Revolution, and further distinguished 
 as the President of the Board of Trustees of the State 
 University. An eastern town and western county are 
 named in his honor. 
 
 Stephen Cabarrus, of Chowan, was an immigrant 
 from France, and for several years Speaker of the 
 House of Commons. He was a man much beloved by 
 the people of the whole State. 
 
 Joel Lane, of Wake, had represented this county in 
 the Colonial Assemblies, the State Congress and the 
 State Senate. 
 
 William Richardson Davie was a gallant cavalry 
 officer in the Revolution. After the war he was an 
 eminent lawyer, and renowned as an advocate of edu- 
 cation. As a delegate from North Carolina to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 1787 and in the State Con- 
 
40 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Carolina drust Company 
 
 gapital stock $100,000 
 grnsts <& Spans <&^anHinfl ^ Safe deposits 
 
 Transacts a 
 
 General Banking and Savings 
 Banking Business, :: :: :: 
 
 Also Acts as Financial Agent for the Floating of 
 Stocks and Bonds of 
 
 municipal « Railroad « £ottoti niiSls 
 
 JInd Other Corporations. 
 
 Acts as Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Trustee, Assignee, 
 Receiver, Broker, Agent. 
 
 Interest paid on Deposits in Savings Department. 
 
 "Home Savings" boxes, strong and convenient, furnistied with- 
 out cost. 
 
 Offieers : 
 
 W. W MLLLS, President. 
 
 LEO D. HEARTT, Vice President and General Manager. 
 ROBERT C. STRONG, Trust Officer and General Counsel. 
 WILLIAM HAYES, Cashier. 
 
 Directors 
 
 JAMES WEBB, J. D. RIGGAN, CHARLES B. HART 
 
 ALEXANDER WEBB, J[JLIUS LEWIS, LEO D. HEARTT, 
 F.T.WARD, W.W.MILLS, ALLEN J. RUFFIN, 
 
 W. C. PETTY, P. R. ALBRIGHT. ROBERT C. STRONG. 
 
 OFFICES IN 
 
 Carolina CIrust :iBuildind « « K^akigbt m* C* 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 41 
 
 ventions of 1788 and 1789 he was an advocate of the 
 ratification of the Federal Constitution. He was af- 
 terwards Governor of the State, and, on the prospect 
 of a war with France, was appointed by President 
 Adams a Brigadier-General in the Army of the United 
 States. He was selected by the President as one of 
 the three special envoys to France who succeeded in 
 averting the war. 
 
 Parallel to Edenton and Morgan streets, north of 
 the capitol, are Jones and Lane; to the south, Hargett, 
 Martin, Davie, Cabarrus and Lenoir. Parallel to 
 Wilmington and Salisbury are, to the east, Blount, 
 Person and Bloodworth; to the west, McDowell, Daw- 
 son and Harrington. 
 
 The commissioners made their report to the General 
 Assembly of 1792, and it was adopted. It was en- 
 acted that "the several streets represented in the plan, 
 and the public square whereon the Statehouse is to be 
 built, shall be called and forever known by the names 
 given to them respectively by the commissioners afore- 
 said." It was also enacted that the other four public 
 squares shall be called and known by the names of 
 Caswell, Moore, Nash and Burke squares, but the 
 names were not made irrepealable. 
 
 The following is the original plan : Counting the 
 two boundary streets, there are from north to south 
 12 streets, of which 11 are 06 feet wide and one 99 
 feet; from east to west there are 11 streets, of which 
 10 are 00 feet wide and one 99 feet. From north to 
 south there are 18 one-acre lots; from east to west 16 
 one-acre lots. Including the boundary streets, the 
 city was 4,581 feet from north to south, and 4,097 2-8 
 from east to west, supposing that the lots are 208 2-o 
 feet square. If the lots are 210 feet square, as they 
 are usually estimated, then the distance is, north to 
 south, 4,005 feet, east to west 4,059. 
 4 
 
42 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 HICKS' CAPUDINE 
 
 CURES 
 
 NEURALGIA, LA GRIPPE, COLDS, 
 SICK HEADACHES^ETC.j&.&j&j&j&* 
 
 Has no effect on the heart or head, and does 
 not produce a habit. Will prevent colds if 
 taken immediately after exposure. :: :: :: 
 
 , IS, 25 
 
 AND AT FOUNTAINS. 
 
 J. M. BROUGHTON. 
 T. B. MOSELEY. 
 
 LOTS For*. Srtu 
 
 F8T/\RLISHED 1888 
 
 Heal Estate 
 
 Ciif PiODeftf m Farms 
 
 Bought, 
 
 Sold, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 and Rented 
 
 to ADVANTAGE. 
 
 J. M. 
 
 BROUGHTON 
 
 &> CO., 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
HISTORICAL KALKUai. 43 
 
 The plan was not, however, a perfect rectangle. Be- 
 tween Lane and North streets, at the northeast and 
 northwest corners, were left out three lots of one acre 
 each, and between Lenoir and South streets, at the 
 southeast and southwest corners, were left out three 
 lots of one acre each, or a total of twelve acres. There 
 were, therefore, onl}' ten lots fronting on North and 
 ten fronting on South street. 
 
 All the public squares are four acres each, except 
 Union, which is about six acres. All the private 
 squares are four acres each, except those along Hills- 
 boro street and New Bern Avenue on both sides, those 
 along Halifax and Fayetteville streets on both sides, 
 and those along North, East, South and West streets 
 (within the original corporate limits), which are not, 
 mathematically speaking, squares, but rectangles of 
 two acres each. The acres as laid out by surveyor 
 Christmas were each 208 2-3 feet square ( the true 
 acre), but the conventional acre of 210 feet square has 
 been adopted practically. This departure and the 
 variation of the compass since have caused consider- 
 able confusion in the boundaries of lots and streets. 
 
 The city, as thus laid off, contained 400 acres, ar- 
 ranged in five squares of four acres each, and 270 lots 
 of one acre each. 
 
 Joel Lane deserved the honor of having a street 
 named after him, not only because he was the owner 
 of the site, but because of his military services as colo- 
 nel of militia, and his representing the county of 
 Wake in the Colonial Assemblies, the State Con- 
 gresses and the State Senate, and whose ancestors had 
 been useful citizens in the Albemarle countrs' and 
 then in Halifax. The grandsons of his brother Jesse 
 Lane became eminent in distant States. General Jo 
 seph Lane was Federal Senator from Oregon, and can- 
 didate for the Vice-Presidency on the Breckinridge 
 
44 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 I 
 
 I lohn C. Dretoru, I 
 
 i RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 s» 
 
 ...State Hpent... 
 
 7T% 
 
 t 
 
 1 The Best, Largest and Strongest Life and 
 * Fire Insurance Companies Represented. .\5aSi.5a v 
 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 45 
 
 ticket; George W. Lane was District Judge 
 of the United States for Alabama. Joel Lane's de- 
 scendants, through his son Henry — two of whose 
 daughters married the eminent lawyer, Moses Morde- 
 cai — are still among us. One of these is Samuel P. 
 Mordecai, Esq., of tha Raleigh Bar, who properly 
 ranks with the ablest lawyers in the State. 
 
 The plan of the city thus laid out and adopted by 
 tlie General Assembly continued unchanged for over 
 sixty years. The area was one square mile, but by the 
 acts of the General Assembly of 1856-'57, the corpor- 
 ate limits were extended one-fourth of a mile each 
 way. Within this new part other streets have been 
 opened : In the eastern part Swain street, after Da- 
 vid L. Swain, who held the posts of legislator. Solici- 
 tor, Judge, Governor, and President of the Univer- 
 sity; Linden Avenue, a fancy name; Watson, Hay- 
 Avood and Elm streets; Oakwood Avenue. West 
 of the capitol, Boylan AA'enue, after William Boy- 
 Ian; Saunders street, after Bomulus M. Saunders, 
 long a public servant as member of our General As- 
 sembly' and of Congress, Judge, and Minister to Spain. 
 North of the capitol are Peace street, after William 
 Peace, a leading merchant for many years, and after 
 whom Peace Institute is named ; Betts street; Johnson 
 street, after Albert Johnson, connected with the Ra- 
 leigh and Gaston Railroad from its completion to a 
 few years ago as superintendent of shops and superin- 
 tendent of the road; Polk street, after Gol. William 
 Polk; and Tucker street. South of the capitol are 
 Smithfield street, after the town of Smithfield; Can- 
 non street, after Robert Cannon, once a leading citi- 
 zen and owner of the land through which it runs; Bat- 
 tle street, after Hon. Kemp P. Battle, Professor of 
 History, University of North Carolina; Manly street, 
 after Charles Manly, Governor, and for many years 
 
46 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Ullllmi llJIiiMirllillimllMl llIlliiiiljiLlI ijl lllll ill: ill llli blniMllllllmillilliiiillllyiMillllllllim 
 
 JOLLY & WYNNE 
 JEWELRY CO. 
 
 128 FAYETTEVILLE STREET 
 
 lewelers and (Opticians 
 
 Fine lUatcb and Jewelry Repairing 
 
 If there is anything the matter with your 
 eyes or your glasses, let us make them right. 
 No charge for examination. :; :: :: :: :: 
 
 Jolly & Wynne J euielry Co. 
 
 i ii i inf ii ' iii lf i""ipi' i in n i ip i i i i ii ii|p i i iiii f| iiiiii |fp i ii iii !f iiMi !f i fi imi;piiiiiyiiiii piiiii| ||i i i iiiii i| pii i iii ||p iimi| |; iiM i ii l| |i i i i i iipi i i iii i| 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 47 
 
 identified with the University as its Secretary and 
 Treasurer ; Fowle street, after our distinguislied Gov- 
 ernor, whose sudden death was such a shocl^: to our 
 State; Blake street, after the late John C. Blake; 
 Pugh street, after John Pugh Haywood ; Worth, Hun- 
 ter, Jenkins, Railroad, McKee, Canister and Grape 
 streets. 
 
 FIRST SALE OF LOTS. 
 
 The same commissioners who located the city made 
 the first sale of lots, one acre each. The square on 
 which Dr. Hogg lives, bought by General Davie, 
 brought |254 — the two lots fronting on Wilmington 
 street, |60 each ; the two others on Blount street |66 
 and |68 respectively. The lot (No. 211) on Avhich the 
 Supreme Court and Agricultural Buildings are situ- 
 ate brought |263. At this sale. Treasurer John Hay- 
 wood — grandfather of Mr. Ernest Haywood — pur- 
 chased the site on which the latter now resides (on 
 New Bern Avenue), and in 1793 erected thereon the 
 house Avhicli has been the residence of the Haywood 
 family to this day. 
 
 Raleigh is situated about the centre of the State, 
 and is in latitude 35 degrees 47 minutes north, longi- 
 tude 78 degrees 48 minutes west, a little to the north- 
 east of the geographical centre of the State. It is lo- 
 cated in a gently-rolling region of the oldest Lauren- 
 tian system. Average temperature: Spring, 58.7; 
 summer, 77.6 ; autumn, 61.0 ; winter, 43.2 — comparing 
 favorably ' with Los Angeles, ^lexico, Naples and 
 Rome. During the Civil War it was designated by a 
 board of euiiiient surgeons, appointed to select sites 
 for hospitals, as one of the several sites in the State 
 most suitable for that purpose, because of its remark- 
 able salubrious climate, combining as far as possible 
 all influences conducive to eouvalescence of invalids 
 
48 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 I^otcl Dorsett 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE 
 STREET 4 «| 
 
 RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 CENTRALLY 
 LOCATED «? 
 NEWLY ,,- 
 FURNISHED ,ir 
 
 
 The best Two Dollar hotel in the State, 
 Best table, best rooms, best service, and 
 the most courteous consideration for 
 guests and visitors. : : : : : : : : : : 
 
 W. L. DORSETT 5. 5. 5^ 5^ Proprietor. 
 
 W. W. NEWMAN 5. 5. 5. 5. Manager. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 49 
 
 and health of attendants. The fine old trees which 
 were spared by the original settlers, but rapidly dis- 
 appearing with city improvements, gave it the sobri- 
 quet of the "City of Oaks." 
 
 At the southeast corner of the Capitol Square it will 
 be observed there are three large stones set in the 
 earth, being about four feet apart, and all aparently 
 three feet in height. Between two of these stones, and 
 nearly level therewith, is another though smaller 
 stone, into which is cut a cross mark, representing the 
 points of the compass. The question is frequently 
 asked concerning the significance of these stones and 
 mark. The answer is found in the above reference to 
 the longitude and latitude of the city. This was offi- 
 cially determined many years ago under direction of 
 the United States Geodetic Survey, and these stones 
 were then erected to mark the spot from which the 
 officials took their reckoning. 
 
 The altitude of Raleigh is 3G3 feet, denoted by an in- 
 scription on a small copper plate, set in the corner- 
 stone of the capitol, on the north side of the building. 
 This was authorized by the United States Geological 
 Survey, which, through its Engineer, Mr. W. Carvel 
 Hall, obtained permission from Governor Carr, in 
 1796, to make a permanent record of this fact in the 
 manner above mentioned. 
 
 THE FIRST STATEHOUSE. 
 
 The proceeds of the sale of 1792 were used in build- 
 ing the first Statehouse. The more ambitious term 
 "capitol" was not adopted until 1832. In November, 
 1794, the General Assembly met in it for the first time. 
 Richard Dobbs Spaight was then Governor. He was 
 killed in a duel eight years thereafter by John Stanly. 
 
.■)() 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1875 
 
 miif||piiniiipiiiii| 
 
 Walter Woollcott 
 
 RALEIGH 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 The Oldest Dry Goods House in Raleigh 
 
 We keep full stock Dry Goods, Shoes 
 and Millinery. :: :: :: :: :: :: 
 Out-of-town business receives prompt 
 attention. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 
 
 J&. ^ Institutions furnished at Low Prices j& Ji J 
 
 blniilllllllii:ii^l|iiii[liIllli,iillilllliiiiHji[liiKiill|iiinllll llI[)li,iiillillii,.iilil)li i ,.ilJll ilJlll IllllliNiiilll illllMMililllli.iiiiJll) llliiiiilil llilllmilllllliliil^ 
 
 It icill gioe us 
 
 I jl p ^' #;'■ pleasure to 
 
 — r— fi_n_n--fi_ examine your 
 
 j ^ drauDings and 
 
 t to furnish 
 
 ^^ terms. :: :: :: 
 
 J. T. Jones Sheet Meted Works, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 Slate. Tirv and Iron Roofers 
 
 and Manufacturers of 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 51 
 
 The old Statehouse was smaller than the present 
 structure, but the arrangement of the interior said to 
 be about the same. The exterior was very plain. It 
 was built of brick, made at the State brick-yards, 
 which were situated on the northwest and southwest 
 corners of Harrington and Hargett streets. These 
 sites had been reserved for that purpose at the origi- 
 nal sale of lots. 
 
 It was intended that the Statehouse (as it was then 
 called in the act of Assembly — a name taken from the 
 United States of Holland) should front toward the 
 east — "Orientalization" at that time being all the 
 fashion. It was therefore built so as to look down 
 New Bern Avenue in one direction, and Hillsboro 
 street towards the west. This was continued when 
 the present stone structure replaced the old. The 
 same supposed necessity to front towards Jerusalem, 
 says Dr. Kemp Rattle, prompted the eminent French 
 engineer, with the assent of Washington and other 
 great oflQcers, to plan the city of Washington with the 
 capitol looking eastward. 
 
 As there was no other public hall in the city, it is 
 said the authorities were generous in opening the 
 passages of the Statehouse below and halls above for 
 Fourth of July dinners, theatrical performances, 
 balls, and for religious services of all denominations. 
 
 In 1819, five commissioners were appointed to sell 
 all the public lands remaining unsold, except a tract 
 not exceeding twenty acres, to be reserved for the rock 
 quarry, and except the reserv^ations at the corners 
 of the city. The "Mordecai Grove," as it was called 
 for many years, northeast of the city limits, owing to 
 the spirited competition between Moses Mordecai, the 
 successful bidder, and Col. William Polk, brought the 
 unheard of price of -f 100 per acre. The lots near the 
 city on the east and southeast averaged about |50 per 
 
52 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Jot\i\ F^. bail 
 
 Dealer irv 
 
 f lirr\itUr^ ai\A. 1^0113^ f lin\i3l\ii\g 
 
 No. 117 EAST IVIARTIN SXFiEEX. 
 
 Cash and Installment House. 
 
 M. BOWES 
 
 A. T. KUESTER. 
 
 y 
 
 Repairing of Gas and Oil Motors 
 Promptly Attended to. .%> 5u S=> .\ 5» 
 
 206 South Salisbury Street. RALEIGH. N. C. 
 
 Globe Clothing House 
 
 CORNER WILMINGTON STREET AND EXCHANGE PLACE 
 OPPOSITE MARKET HOUSE, 
 
 fine 1figady=ma(lc Mzn% youth's and Cbiidrcn's Ciotblnfi^ 
 
 Sample and Unioti-madc Shoes 
 a Specialty. ■■« 
 
 Hats, Gent's Furnishings, etc., J. M. KOHN, 
 
 alicays on hand. * 'proprietor. 
 
HISTORICAL UALEIGH. 53 
 
 acre. The proceeds of this sale were directed to be 
 used in improving the Statehouse. 
 
 The improvements were designed by and executed 
 under the supervision of Capt. William Nichols (who 
 had been recently appointed State Architect), and 
 completed early in the summer of 1822, He was a 
 skillful and experienced artist, and made the public 
 greatly his debtor for decided impulse given to archi- 
 tectural improvements throughout the State, in pri- 
 vate as well as in public edifices. The construction 
 of the dome, the erection of the east and west porti- 
 coes, the additional elevation and covering of stucco 
 given to the dingy exterior walls, the improvement of 
 the interior, and especially the location of the statue 
 of Washington, from the chisel of Tanova, di- 
 rectly under the apex of the dome, converted the 
 renovated capitol into a sightly and most attractive 
 edifice. There were but few of the better class of 
 travellers who did not pause on their passage through 
 Kaleioh to behold and admire it. 
 
 ERECTION OF THE GOVERNOR'S "PALACE." 
 
 The main body of the six hundred acres of land, re- 
 tained after the first sale, lay to the east of Raleigh. 
 There were fragments lying to the south, west and 
 north of the old corporate limits. For the purpose of 
 providing better accommodations for the Governor, 
 who liad occupied a plain residence of wood on the lot 
 where the National Bank of Raleigh now stands, the 
 General Assembly of 1813 ordered the sale of those 
 portions described as (extending from Sugg's branch 
 on the southeast of the city, all south around the Pal- 
 ace lot and west to the extreme northwest of the city, 
 comprising about one hundred and eighty-four acres. 
 
54 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 r^art-War^ r\ar^War^ Qo. 
 
 SUCCESSORS TO 
 
 JULIUS LEWIS HARDWARE CO. 
 
 Distributing Agents gj|^f g,||jj^p ^^^ ^^^ j||g(| gfj^p^ ^^^^^ p^|j^^^_ 
 
 BEST ON EARTH. 
 
 All-Right Cook Stoves, the same your mother used, better than ever. 
 Your mouey back if goods not exactly as represented. 
 
 EVERYTHING IN HARDWARE. 
 
 J. B. GREEN &> CO. 
 
 Groceries, 
 
 EAST HARGETT STREET, RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 Agents 
 SOVEREIGN JAVA AND MOCHA COFFEE. 
 
 THREE DRUGSTORES 
 
 The OLDEST Drtig Store in Raleigh is KING'S, 
 
 corner of Favetteville and Hargett Streets. 
 The NEWEST r5rug Store in Raleigh is KING'S, 
 
 near A. and M. College. 
 The BIGGEST Drug Store in Raleigh is KING'S, 
 
 corner Martin and Wilmington Streets. 
 Take your choice. At either store you get prompt 
 
 service, reasonable prices and "King Quality. " 
 
 W. H. KING DRUG CO.. Raleigh, N. C 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. OO 
 
 The prices paid were low, for the reason that the War 
 of 1812 was then raging. Eight acres at the foot of 
 Fayetteville street were reserved for the Governor's 
 residence. Other reservations were the Rex Spring, 
 near the Raleigh and Gaston depot, the spring near 
 the Governor's Mansion, and that near the Colored 
 Deaf and Dumb Institution. 
 
 At this sale, John Rex, the philanthropist, bought 
 for |481 fifteen and a half acres of land in the south- 
 west part of the city, afterwards devised by him, with 
 other property, for a hospital for the sick and afflicted 
 poor of the city. 
 
 The proceeds of sale were devoted to the building, 
 under the superintendence of one Talder, as architect, 
 of the Governor's "Palace," at the foot of Fayetteville 
 street, which was afterwards, in 1876, sold to the city 
 of Raleigh, and the brick composing it used in the 
 construction of tlie Centennial Graded School. Al- 
 though outwardly plain and inwardly uncomfortable, 
 it was considered grand on account of the magnitude 
 of its halls and chambers, and was, therefore, in imita- 
 tion of Tryon's residence, in New Bern, styled "The 
 Palace." The first occupant was Governor William 
 Miller, of Warren. 
 
 Until 1794 the Chief Executive was not required to 
 reside in Raleigh, but in that year the General Assem- 
 bly required Ashe and future Governors to spend at 
 least six months within its limits, exclusive of the 
 time occupied by the General Assembly, and ordered 
 that they should advertise the period of their sojourn 
 in all the gazettes of the State. Four years later, in 
 1798, when Davie was Governor (doubtless with his 
 approval, as he had purchased eligible Raleigh lots), 
 an act was passed requiring the Governor to make the 
 city of Raleigh his "place of common residence." 
 Whenever he should leave his home for over ten davs 
 
56 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 PATRONIZE 
 
 Watson's Photograph Gallery 
 
 Satisfactory Results. 
 Special Efforts to Please Every Patron. 
 
 W. C. McMACKIN, V. S., 
 
 MEMBER OF THE NORTH CAROLINA VETERINARY AND MEDICAL 
 ASSOCIATION, 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C 
 
 OFFICE AND HOSPITAL, J 10 SOUTH SALISBURY STREET. 
 
 TELEPHONE 214D. 
 
 O. G. KING, 
 
 Pharmacist 
 
 CORNER WILMINGTON AND HARGETT STREETS, 
 
 Only the Purest Drugs DAT CI/^U XT /^ 
 
 and Chemicals employed. K A L, t Hj rt , IN. v_,. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. O i 
 
 he must give notice by advertisement in the gazettes, 
 and his private secretary was required to keep the 
 Executive office open during liis absence. 
 
 BURNING OF ThiE STATEHOUSE. 
 
 On the morning of a bright summer day, the 21st of 
 June, 1831, the citizens rising from their breakfasts 
 were startled with the cry of "Fire!" Volumes of 
 smoke were seen issuing from the ventilators under 
 the roof of the capitol. As the tire descended from the 
 roof, where it had been kindled by the carelessness of 
 a workman, there was ample time for saving most of 
 the State papers, but all the acts of Assembly were 
 destroyed. In the excitement, although there were 
 numerous willing hands, their strength could not be 
 organized for removing the ponderous Washington 
 statue. It is said old citizens never forgot their hor- 
 ror as they gazed on the beautiful marble, wliite hot 
 and crumbling, among the forked tongues of flame, 
 then shattered into fragments as the blazing timbers 
 fell. Portions of the statue, including the body and 
 some of the pedestal, are now preserved in the State 
 Museum. 
 
 This statue was of Carara marble, and was brought 
 by water to Fayetteville, and thence by mule power 
 to Ealeigh. It is said to have been escorted into the 
 city in grand style by the "Ealeigh Blues," the first 
 military company organized at the capital. 
 
 The magnificent oil painting of George Washingtoii 
 which now hangs on the eastern wall of the House of 
 Representatives, was in the burning building, and the 
 only valuable that was rescued from the flames. 
 5 
 
58 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 EXCELLENT TASTE 
 
 SHOWN IN THE 
 SELECTION OF 
 
 MEANS AN ATTRACTIVE HOME. 
 
 There are hundreds of such homes in North 
 Carolina which have been furnished b}' us. 
 Such taste and discrimination does not neces- 
 saril}' mean a large outlay of money, for we 
 have Furniture designed after the time of Sir 
 Walter Raleigh down to the most modern, at 
 moderate as well as at high prices. 
 
 It's the knowing Where to Buy! 
 
 If you visit our store You Will Know ! 
 
 Mail Orders promptly attended to. 
 
 •Koyall & ffiorden jfurnlture Co., 
 
 CJRNER WILMINGTON AND HARGETT 
 STREETS, 
 
 RALEIGH. NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 59 
 
 The liaudsoine bronze statue of Washington, which 
 stands at the south front of the capitol, was erected 
 in 1857. Other monuments are the speaking bronze 
 statue of Zebulon V. Vance, unveiled August 22, 1900, 
 the cost of which was |7,000, and the Confederate 
 Monument, erected in 1895, costing |28,000. 
 
 From the time of the burning of the old till the erec- 
 tion of a new capitol, the sessions of the General As- 
 sembly were usually held in the Governor's "Palace." 
 
 THE NEW CAPITOL. 
 
 The narrow escape from losing the archives of the 
 State, experienced in the burning of the first capitol, 
 determined the leaders of public opinion to provide 
 the present noble fire-proof structure of granite. 
 There was formidable opposition to a liberal appro- 
 priation. A convention was expected to be called in 
 order to secure changes in the Constitution, and the 
 effort to have the seat of government at another point 
 was resumed. Tradition says that Haywood, at the 
 junction of the Cape Fear and Haw, lacked only one 
 vote to defeat Raleigh. The record does not support 
 this, as the bill to appropriate |5(),000 for rebuilding 
 on the old site passed by 73 to 60 in the House and 35 
 to 28 in the Senate. 
 
 In considering the amount it should appropriate for 
 rebuilding the capitol, the General Assembly at first 
 thought 150,000 quite sufficient, and that was the 
 amount appropriated. The commissioners having 
 charge of the erection of the building, soon discovered 
 this amount would barely pay for the completion of 
 the foundation alone. They accordingly expended the 
 entire sum, although apparently there was no warrant 
 of law for so doing. HoAvever, the act granting the 
 
(io 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 B. W. 
 UPCHURCH'S 
 
 MODERN CASH GROCERY 
 
 THREE STORES IN ONE AND THE 
 MOST ATTRACTIVE IN THE CITY 
 
 HotbJng but tbc Best good$ B>atic!led. 
 
 We invite you to call. 
 
 ]\Iail Orders promptly filled. 
 
 Ask for our weekly price list — the " HUSTLER." 
 
 No. 15 E. Hargetx Street, 
 KALEIGH, 
 
 N. C. 
 
HISTORICAL UALKKJII. Gl 
 
 appropriation was construed in favor of their action, 
 and sufficient additional sums, amounting in the ag- 
 gregate to $530,G84.15, appropriated to complete one 
 of the most imposing edifices of the kind to be found 
 anywhere, at that time at least, in the United States. 
 
 Two architects were consulted — William Nichols 
 (who repaired the old building in 1820) and Itliiel 
 Town, of New York. The latter acted for a short 
 while as the chief director, but soon his services were 
 dispensed with and the work was left to W. S. Drum- 
 mond. Col. Thomas Bragg, father of Governor Bragg, 
 and David Baton, superintendents of different 
 branches. Baton was the chief draughtsman. Of the 
 skilled laborers emploved from time to time sonip sp^- 
 tled in Raleigh, and their descendants are among our 
 best citizens. 
 
 William Stronach, father of Messrs. A. B., Frank, 
 and the late Geo. T. and Wm. C. Stronach, was the 
 contractor for the foundation. The late Batrick Mc- 
 Gowan, at that time working at his trade as a stone- 
 mason, was also engaged on the work. Silas Burns, 
 ^A'ho for many years was the proprietor of the onlv 
 foundry here, was later given tlie contract for con- 
 structing the iron fence. This last was removed in 
 1898, and now encloses the old City Cemetery. 
 
 Mr, Burns was the father of Mrr,. Jno. W. Cole, now 
 living in the northern suburlis of Raleigh. 
 
 The new building was completed in 1840. It is 160 
 feet in length from north to south, by 140 feet from 
 east to west. The whole heiglit is 97 1-2 feet in the 
 centre. The apex of pediment is 64 feet in height. 
 The stylobate is 18 feet in lieight. The columns of 
 the east and west porticoes are 5 feet 2 1-2 inches in 
 diameter. An entablature, including blocking course, 
 is continued around the building, 12 feet high. 
 
(>2 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ^iiiiiilJillliiiiil UlliiMiililllniiiilllLiimnliil)iiMiillll)i lllLliiiiiiiJill lyllliiHiililllimiiUIlliiiiiilJllliiiiiiylDiMiiii ijlliiniiiillnniiiJlllii.iiiyll Ijliliimillliiiiiilfe. 
 
 George N. Walters ► 
 
 liflRIli iRfliWI TM 
 
 No. 115 Fayctteoille Street, RALEIGH, N. C 
 
 '"T"'T" T' T' T" T" f " TT"!-^'" T'" T'" T'" T' ' T H f' T " T ' " T '" i j ""f i "'i T|^ 
 
 31 YEARS IN THE SAME BUSINESS 
 «| IN THE CITY OF RALEIGH «? 
 
 EDWARDS (^ BROUGHTON 
 
 Pnntets 
 
 Binders | 
 
 mm. Blank Book Itianufaetunrs 1 
 
 1 
 
 From the beginning doing flrsUclass work, witti special ^ 
 
 attention to quick delivery and entire satisfaction. ^ 
 
 fleg'-We are still on hand to serve all who 
 may want any kind of printing or binding 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 63 
 
 The columns and entablature are Grecian Doric, 
 and copied from the Temple of Minerva, commonly 
 called the Parthenon, which was erected in Athens 
 about 500 3^ears before Christ. An octagon tower sur- 
 rounds the rotunda, which is ornamented with Gre- 
 cian cornice, etc., and its dome is decorated at top 
 with a similar ornament to that of the Choragic Mon- 
 ument of Lysicrates, commonly called the Lanthorn of 
 Demosthenes. 
 
 Governor Swain, who was then Chief Magistrate, 
 laid the corner-stone on July 4, 1833. 
 
 Note. — In tlie preparation of some of thf^ forei^oing articles tlie 
 author lias availed liiniself of the several vpry able aud interesting 
 papers heretofore publisinMl from the pen of Hon. Kemp P. IrJattle, 
 to whom he desires, in this manner, to return thanks for the per- 
 mission granted. 
 
 FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The first act for the government of the cit^- was 
 passed February 7, 1795. The act did not vest the 
 control of the city with its citizens. Seven ap- 
 pointees of the General Assembl3% styled Commission- 
 ers (the usualname for public agents appointed for 
 special purposes) were vested with the government 
 for three years. When their term was about to ex- 
 pire in 1797, it was renewed. In 1801, there was a 
 similar renewal, and three others were appointed "as 
 additional and permanent Commissioners." Only in 
 case of death, refusal or resignation could the citizens 
 have a vote to fill the vacancy. Tliese Commissioners 
 were vested with the right to make laws for the gov- 
 ernment of the city, and also to choose an Intendant 
 of Police, charged with the execution of the laws, and 
 also a Treasurer, out of their number, to hold office 
 for one year, and a Clerk to hold during good behav- 
 
64 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 THAT TRADE-MARK ON EVERY BAG 
 GUARANTEES SATISFACTORY RESULTS 
 
 15 BRANDS 
 
 For all Crops. Soils and Conditions. 
 
 WRITE us OR ASK YOUR 
 DEALER FOR TESTIMONIALS 
 
 SOLD EVERYWHERE 
 
 PHOSPHATE 
 
 AND 
 FERTILIZER 
 
 RA^LEIGH, ISr. C. 
 
IIISTOUU'AL KALKKJH. 65 
 
 ior. The Intendant held his office indefinitely, as did 
 the Commissioners. None of these officers were re- 
 quired to be residents of the city, and some of them 
 are known not to have been such. Raleigh, therefore, 
 for the first few years of its life was very far from be- 
 ing free. No evil, however, resulted to the people 
 from this long withholding of their freedom, because 
 the Commissioners were men of wisdom and fairness. 
 They were John Haywood, Dugald McKeethan, John 
 Marshall, John Rogers, John Pain, James Mares and 
 John Craven, who were properly the first City Fa- 
 thers. Those added in 1797 were Joshua Sugg, Wil- 
 liam Polk and Theophilus Hunter. John Rogers was 
 a member of the Legislature from Wake, and was a 
 non-resident. Joshua Sugg, William Polk and The- 
 ophilus Hunter, though owners of lots in the corpor- 
 ate limits, did not reside therein. 
 
 John Haywood, who was elected by them "Intend- 
 ant of Police," was the first chief executive officer. It 
 was not until 1803, eleven years after the sale of lots, 
 that, in the judgment of the General Assembly, the 
 city was sufficiently populous to supply officers whose 
 homes must be in the city limits. A regular charter 
 was granted. The Commissioners, seven in number, 
 as well as the Intendant of Police, were to be elected 
 by freemen having the qualification of residence and 
 of owning land within the city. Free negroes were 
 included among the freemen. 
 
 The name of Mayor was not adopted until 1856. 
 The name Commissioners gave way to the word Alder- 
 men in 1875. 
 
 The Commissioners claimed the right to force the 
 citizens to patrol the city at night, distributing them 
 for the purpose into twenty classes of six each, one 
 of the number being cax)tain. When the public mind 
 was disturbed bv frantic terrors of insurrections 
 
66 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 among the slaves, as it was during the alleged insur- 
 rection headed by Frank Sumner in 1802, and the Nat 
 Turner atrocities of 1831, there was no difficulty in 
 procuring efficient action by this unpaid police. But 
 in tranquil times the penalty of one dollar fine for 
 non-attendance, authorized in 1814, became necessary. 
 It was the fashion, however, to avoid the penalty by 
 hiring substitutes, some men almost making a living 
 by taking the places of sleep-loving principals. Slaves 
 not on their owners' premises v/ere required to have 
 Avritten "passes," as they were called, after a designa- 
 ted early hour of the night, on the penalty of receiving 
 a whipping for the lack thereof, and also of being 
 locked up if their behavior led to suspicion or crime. 
 The adventures of the night-watch and their morning 
 report were a notable part of the gossip of the com- 
 munity. There were no policemen or day watchmen 
 at all, one man, called the constable, being regarded 
 sufficient to keep order during the day. 
 
 The city comprised but three wards until the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of 1874-'75 divided it into five. This 
 continued until 1895, when it was changed to four. 
 
 The following have been the chief officers of th(i 
 city, either as Intendants of Police, or Mayor, as the 
 case may be : John Haywood, Wm. White, Wm. Hill, 
 Dr. Calvin Jones, John Marshall, Jno. S. Kobeteau, 
 Sterling Yancey, Joseph Gales, Weston R. Gales, 
 Wm. C. Carrington, Thomas Loring, Wm. Dallas 
 Haywood, Wm. H. Harrison, C. B. Root, Wesley 
 Whitaker, Joseph W. Holden, John C Gorman, Jo- 
 seph H. Separk, Basil C. Manly, W. H. Dpdd, Alf. A. 
 Thompson, Thos. Badger, W. ^1. Russ. A. M. Powell 
 is the present incumbent. 
 
 John Haywood (father of the late Dr. E. Burke 
 Haywood) was the only Intendant elected by the 
 Commissioners. Tlie first Intendant to be elected, bv 
 
HISTOllICAL RALEIGH. 67 
 
 the people was Win. White, who was chosen to that 
 office in 1803. He was born in 1762, died in 1811. 
 Wm. Hill was the next incumbent, and was born in 
 Siirrv County in 1773 ; he died in 1857. 
 
 EARLY INhjABlTANTS. 
 
 •'They who have no reverence and affection for the memory of their 
 ancestors can make no just claim to tlie remembrance of. posterity." 
 
 Among the most illustrious men of Raleigh's early 
 history who honored it with their residence, and gave 
 to the city and State the benefit of their wise counsel, 
 and whose descendants are living among us now, were, 
 Jas. F. Taylor, elected Attorney-General in 1825; 
 Joseph Gales, founder of the Raleigh Register; Wm. 
 Boylan, editor and publisher of the Minerva; Moses 
 Mordecai, a distinguished lawyer, who died at the 
 early age of twenty-nine years ; John H. Bryan, who 
 represented this district in Congress in 1823; R. M. 
 Saunders, a distinguished lawyer and statesman, who 
 died in 1860 ; AYm. H. Haywood, elected United States 
 Senator in 1842; Geo. E. Badger, Secretary of the 
 Navy in 1842; Wm. Hill, Secretary of State; Maj. 
 Chas. L. Hinton, and many others whose names are 
 not now recalled. 
 
 Joseph Gales became an inhabitant of Raleigh when 
 the place was but seven years old. He came here in 
 1799 from Sheffield, England, and established the 
 Raleigh Register, which was continuously published 
 for more than sixty ycnirs. After the death of Joseph 
 Gales the paper was published by his son Weston R., 
 and later by a grandson, Seaton Gales. Joseph Gales 
 was for many years State printer. He established 
 the first paper-mill in this section, on Rocky Branch, 
 thence removed to Crabtree Creek. In politics he 
 
68 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 belonged to the dominant party, the Republican, and 
 when that was disrupted in Jackson's time he be- 
 came a Whig. Joseph Gales had the distinction of 
 being the first to practice stenography in the United 
 States, and was the first official stenographer to re- 
 port the proceedings of Congress. He died in 1842, 
 aged eighty years. 
 
 The name of no man is more honorablj^ connected 
 with Raleigh's early history than that of William 
 Bo3'lan, who came here the same ,year as did Mr. Gales. 
 Mr. Boylan was from New Jersey, coming to North 
 Carolina in 1791, when he located at Fayetteville, 
 Vvhere, with his uncle, Abraham Hodge, he published, 
 in 1796, the Fayetteville Minerva. After his removal 
 here in 1799, he continued the publication of the pa- 
 per, which advocated Federalist principles. Mr. Boy- 
 lan was often a Commissioner of the city, and was at 
 one time President of the State Bank. He was an 
 active promoter of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, 
 and at one time its president. A man of the highest 
 integrity, kind hearted and generous, his hand was 
 always open to deserving charity. A large number 
 of his descendants are living among us to-day. He 
 was born in 1777 ; died 1861. 
 
 It has been said that it was Mr, Boylan who intro- 
 duced the cultivation of cotton in this county. How- 
 ever that may be, in this connection the following, 
 with reference to the cotton-gin and baling of cotton 
 in this State may prove interesting: 
 
 Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton-gin, "cotton- 
 machine," or "saw-gin," as it was then called, passed 
 through Raleigh early in 1802, on his way from 
 Charleston, S. C. (where he had been a school teacher, 
 and had invented the cotton-gin) to his home in Con- 
 necticut. It seems that the art of baling cotton was 
 then in its infancy, for it was said that "Mr. Whitney 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. . 69 
 
 is in expectation of soon bringing forward an im- 
 proved plan of packing cotton, which shall comprise 
 an incredible quantity of cotton within a very narroAV 
 compass, and thereby make the cotton much easier of 
 transportation than at present." 
 
 With reference to this cotton-gin, the General As- 
 sembly, the same j-ear — after considering "that the 
 cultivation of cotton is increasing in this State, and 
 from the invention and use of the saw-gin, likely to 
 become a valuable staple article of exportation" — en- 
 acted that "the State of North Carolina do purchase 
 from the said Miller and Whitney (the former being 
 the owner of a one-half interest in the patent with 
 Whitney, the inventor) the patent right to the mak- 
 ing, using and vending the said new invention of a ma- 
 chine for cleaning cotton from its seeds, commonly 
 called a saw-gin, on the terms and conditions herein- 
 after mentioned — that is to say, that there shall be 
 laid and collected by the State of North Carolina, on 
 each and every saw-gin which shall be used in this 
 State, between the passing of this act and the first 
 day of April next, a tax of two shillings and six pence 
 upon every saw, or annular row of teeth, which such 
 gin may contain, and a tax of two shillings and six 
 pence for each and every saw, or annular row of teeth, 
 which shall be used in said gins, in each and every 
 year, for the term of five years thereafter." The 
 amounts collected for the years 1802 and 1803, under 
 the provisions of this act, were directed to be paid to 
 said Whitney and Miller as the price of the patent 
 right agreed upon between them and the State. The 
 tax collected for the five years thereafter was, of 
 course, appropriated by the State — for the encourage- 
 ment, perhaps, of the cotton industry! 
 
 How loug this continued to be the law must be left 
 
70 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 to conjecture, as no record of any further legislation 
 on the subject is found. 
 
 One of the earlier "City Fathers" was William 
 Polk, always called Col. William Polk, who built 
 what was a grand residence in those days just out of 
 the city limits, fronting Blount street. Later, in 
 1872, this house, after being owned by Hon. Kenneth 
 Rayner for many years, was moved to one side to al- 
 low for the extension of Blount street, and is some- 
 times called the Park Place. 
 
 William Peace was another of the earlier citizens. 
 He and his brother Joseph, under the firm name of 
 W. & J. Peace, opened a mercantile business on Fay- 
 etteviJle street almost as soon as the city was founded, 
 and so continued for many years. Because of his 
 large contribution to the founding of Peace Institute, 
 this widely and favorably known institution of learn- 
 ing is named in honor of his memory. 
 
 William Peck was also one of the early settlers, and 
 conducted a store at the southeast corner of the Cap- 
 itol Square. His son, Louis Peck, was his successor 
 in business at the same stand. He died several years 
 ago. 
 
 John Rex, the founder of Rex Hospital, was one of 
 the earlier citizens. He was said to be a grave, sedate, 
 quiet, retiring, modest man, and accumulated a hand- 
 some fortune, which he bequeathed to the endowment 
 of the hospital here bearing his name. He died in 
 1839, aged seventy-four years. 
 
 David Royster was also among the earlier residents, 
 coming to Raleigh from Mecklenburg County, Va., in 
 1801. His business was that of a cabinet-maker, which 
 he conducted for more than sixty years, on the cor- 
 ner of Hargett and Blount streets. He was a man of 
 sterling character, and held high in public esteem. 
 His death occurred in 1865, when in his eightv-ninth 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. TL 
 
 year. Cue of his sons is ^Ir. David L. Royster (fa- 
 ther of Mr. Vitruviiis Royster, the efflcient assistant 
 in the Superior Court Clerk's office), who has been 
 identified with Raleigh a lifetime, and at one period 
 was a leading building contractor. In this city he 
 has been a man of considerable influence. Miss Susie 
 P. Iden, of Raleigh, an interesting and promising 
 young writer of fiction, is a granddaughter of Mr. 
 Royster. 
 
 Another son of David Royster was the late Jas. D. 
 Royster, a man of superior ability, also prominently 
 identified, in his time, with the city and its interests. 
 The older citizens remember him as a man upon whose 
 judgment they could safely rely, and in matters of 
 public interest his opinion was always valuable. He 
 was the father of Dr. Wisconsin I. Royster, whose 
 eminence as a physician, as well as a man of profound 
 learning, is as wide as the State which delights to 
 claim him as its worthy son, and the grandfather of 
 Dr. Hubert Royster, who enjoys the enviable distinc- 
 tion of being one of the most skillful surgeons and 
 capable physicians ever in practice at the capital. 
 
 The first numl)er of the Raleigh ^far made its ap- 
 pearance in October, 1S08. Messrs. Jones and Hen- 
 derson were the publishers. This journal, under the 
 control of various managements, had a useful career 
 for more than forty years. ^Ir. Wm. IM. Brown, now 
 seventy-seven years of age, served liis apprenticeship 
 in this office, which he entered in 1840. 
 
 At this early period (1808) there were yet but few 
 business houses. Thos. Rurch, John Scott, Robert 
 Cannon, Robert Callum, and Wm. Shaw were the lead- 
 ing merchants. The j^opulation Avas then less than 
 one thousand. James McKee and Lewis & Muse 
 opened business a year or two later. All the stores 
 were then on Favetteville street and built of wood. 
 
72 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Tlie town continued, to jog along for a full decade, 
 when it is found that John Stewart, James Coman, 
 the Shaws, J. S. Kobeteau, J. D. Newsom, Alfred 
 Jones, K. & W. Harrison, Eichard Smith, B. B. Smith, 
 and S. Birdsall had joined the mercantile ranks. 
 Among these was Ruffln Tucker, father of the late 
 Major R. S. Tucker, who began life a clerk in the 
 store of Southv Bond in 1815 at a salary of |25 per 
 year. In 1818, in connection with his brother, Wm. 
 C. Tucker, (who was a printer, and had worked for 
 Col. Henderson, in the office of the Raleigh Star), he 
 opened a store, with a cash capital of $125, in a frame 
 building of moderate dimensions on the site of the 
 store now so ably conducted by Messrs. Dobbin & 
 Ferrall. 
 
 In 1829 Wesley Whitaker was manufacturing 
 pianos on East Ilargett street. W. C. & R. Tucker 
 had dissolved co-partnership by mutual consent, and 
 each brother was prosecuting a successful business on 
 his own account. The first millinery store was then 
 being conducted by ^ilrs. Andrews, while E. P. Guion, 
 at the Guion Hotel, was advertising that he would 
 ''accommodate boarders for |120 a year." Mrs. An- 
 drews was the mo,thor of the late Ralph Andrews. 
 
 John J. Briggs, father of the late Thos. H. Briggs, 
 became identified with Raleigh in its early history, 
 both industriallv and religiouslv. He was a leadinsr 
 builder, and prominent as one of the founders of the 
 Baptist church. 
 
 Jacob Johnson should be remembered, too, for he 
 was the trusted janitor of the Bank of the State, and 
 conspicuous in the history of Raleigh because the 
 father of a President of tlie United States — Andrew 
 Johnson. 
 
 John SteAvart is said to have been among the first 
 iiierchanls in Raleigh. He married Hannah Paddi- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 73 
 
 son, and many of their descendants are living among 
 us now. Among these are Miss Susan Stewart, (the 
 only surviving child), now seventy-five years of age; 
 Miss Hannah Coley, Mrs. Walter Edwards, Mrs. W. 
 H. Billings, and Messrs. Seymour and Chester Whit- 
 ing, who are the grandchildren of John and Hannah 
 Stewart. Hannah Paddison's mother, when a widow, 
 married Peter Casso, the hotel keeper. When Presi- 
 dent Johnson was born his father was an hostler at 
 Casso's hotel, and Mrs. Casso gave the name of An- 
 drew to the uew-born child. 
 
 W. H. Williams, in 1812, kept an apothecary (as 
 drug stores were then termed, after the custom in 
 England), and advertised that he ^'solicits a continu- 
 ance of public patronage, either in the common way of 
 making an apothecary of one's stomach, or upon the 
 new plan of no cure no pay," and adds, that "the hon- 
 est, temperate and industrious poor would be granted 
 favors if desired." 
 
 Randolph Webb's apothecary was established about 
 1820, on the corner of Fayetteville and Hargett 
 streets. Subsequently the proprietors were Alfred 
 Williams and Dr. P. J. Haywood. During the con- 
 tinuance of this firm, in 1830, Mr. J. Rufiiu Williams, 
 then a youth of sixteen years, entered the store as 
 clerk, continuing as such for several years, until 
 1840, when he became one of the proprietors with his 
 brother and Dr. Haywood. This business had the 
 longest existence of any firm ever established in Ra- 
 leigh. Mr. Williams is still living, eighty-two years 
 of age. He retired from business several years ago. 
 The present proprietors are W. H, King & Co. 
 
 J. J. Christophers, who was born in 1803, in his life- 
 time was a man of much prominence and usefulness. 
 He filled the office of City Clerk for a great number 
 
 6 
 
74 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 of years, and at one time was the owner of an entire 
 square of real estate in the eastern part of the city. 
 He lived to be ninety-one years of age. 
 
 Edmund B. Freeman, for thirty-seven years Clerk 
 of the Supreme Court, was an early resident of the 
 capital. He was a native of Massachusetts and born 
 in 1796. His first wife was a sister of Albert Stith, 
 & merchant of Raleigh in the forties. Mr. Freeman 
 was a grandfather of our efficient and popular City 
 Clerk, Mr. Ham Smith. 
 
 Jacob Marling was another earl}^ resident. He had 
 some local celebrity as a portrait and landscape 
 painter. A specimen of his work is now in the State 
 Library, loaned for exhibition by Dr. F. J. Haywood. 
 It is a representation of the capitol as it Avas previous 
 to its destruction by fire in 1831. The Haywood resi- 
 dence at the head of Fayetteville street is also repre- 
 sented in the picture. Mrs. Marling kept a millinery 
 store on Fayetteville street, in the building occupied 
 by A. D. Royster & Bro. 
 
 In the entire history of Raleigh it would be difficult 
 to think of a man who, in his day, was more identified 
 with the general welfare of the people, or who contrib- 
 uted more to their substantial good, tlian the late Dr. 
 F. J. Haywood. He was born in Raleigh in 1803. 
 In the practice of his profession he became one of the 
 most eminent physicians in the State. His character 
 and ability as a medical man was no greater, however, 
 than that which he sustained in his private relations, 
 for in these he was distinguished as one who revered 
 the golden rule, and who never turned a deaf ear to 
 the cry of the distressed, from whatever source it was 
 heard. He married in 1831 IMartha Helen Whitaker. 
 She passed away on the 22d of July, l!t02. She had 
 many warm friends, especially among the older inlial> 
 tants. At her death she was ninety-one years of age. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. (.) 
 
 AY. T. Bain, whose name is so prominently associa- 
 ted with Masonic history, was also intimately con- 
 nected with the early times of Raleigh. A man of 
 purer heart and more charitable disposition our peo- 
 ple had never known. He was born in 1793, and died 
 in 1807 — aged seventy-four years. The late Donald 
 W. Bain was his honored son. 
 
 DR. V. .1. HAYWOOD, 
 
 Died in 1S80; aged seventy-six years. 
 
 Frank 1*. Haywood, wlio passed away in 1900, be- 
 fore liis dcatli was Bah'igirs oldest inliabitant. lie 
 was l)orn here in 1810, and was one of Dr. McPheeters' 
 pupils at the Raleigh Academy, the only school here 
 in the early part of the century. IMr. Haywood was 
 a gentle and kind-liearted man, and beloved by a wide 
 circle of friends. 
 
 J. C. S. Lumsden for many years before his death 
 (which occurred but recently), was prominently iden- 
 
76 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 tified with the biisiiiess history of Ealeigh. (Some 
 time before the Civil War he opened a store of small 
 dimensions on the Hillsboro road, jnst outside the 
 city, and in 1873 resumed business on Fayetteville 
 street, conducting the same successfully until his 
 death in 1901. He had been alderman and held other 
 positions of honor and trust. Mr. Lumsden was the 
 father of Mr. Chas. F. Lumsden, our present efficient 
 and very popular City Tax Collector. 
 
 Few men ever lived in Raleigh for whom the people 
 had higher regard than ^Iv. Ralph Andrews, or "Un- 
 cle Rafe," as he was familiarly called. He was a 
 blaclvsmith by trade, and for many years before his 
 deatli had conducted a siiop on South Salisbury street. 
 Retiring and modest in disposition and gentle in man- 
 ner, there were none but could claim ''Uncle Rafe" as 
 their friend. He died the present year (1902), aged 
 seventy- four years. ^Ir. Andrews Avas a brother of 
 Wm. Andrews, one of the old-time constables of Ra- 
 leigh. 
 
 E. D. Haynes, a most worthy and industrious man, 
 at the time of his death, in 1891, had been a resident 
 for more than sixty years. He was a cabinet-maker, 
 his first work being Avith the late H. J. Brown, who 
 conducted a business of that character. ]\[r. Haynes 
 was a good citizen, a very superior mechanic, and a 
 liigli-toncMl, honorable gentleman. 
 
 Some men are forgotten as soon as they die — others 
 leave evidences of good deeds, which continue to grow 
 in the affections of tlie people as time passes. Of tlie 
 latter class was J. Stanhope PuUen, who was born 
 here in 1822. During this good man's life he did as 
 much, if not more, to make Raleigh the beautiful and 
 lovely city that it is to-day than any other of its citi- 
 zens. He was one of the foremost promoters of the 
 late improvements in the northeastern part of the 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 77 
 
 city, gave to Raleigh tlie beautiful park that bears his 
 name, and was a liberal contributor to many of the 
 schools, charitable institutions and churches in the 
 city. The good deeds of Mr. Pulleu live after him, 
 and his memory will be perpetuated in the history of 
 the capital of his native State. He died in 1895, aged 
 seventy-three years. 
 
 The valuable citizen is he who makes the greatest 
 impress for good upon the community in which he 
 lives. Thomas H. Briggs, who died in 1886, at the 
 age of sixty-five, was one of those whose enterprise as 
 a citizen and kind deeds as a Christian man entitle 
 him to the fond remembrance of our whole people. 
 Mr. Briggs was for many years the leading contractor 
 and builder of Raleigh — first on his own account, and 
 for many years as the leading member of the firm of 
 Briggs & Dodd. For several years before his death 
 he conducted with much success a hardware business, 
 on Fayetteville street, in which he was succeeded by 
 his sons, Thos. H. Briggs, Jr., and Jas. A. Briggs, who 
 are now its proprietors, under the name and style of 
 T. H. Briggs & Sons. 
 
 OLDER LIVING INHABITANTS. 
 
 Among the older living inhabitants must be men- 
 tioned Mr. Jno. R. Taylor, who was born in 1817, and 
 has lived here eighty-three years — since he was two 
 years of age. He remembers well Andrew Johnson, 
 the tailor President. jNIr. Taylor is still living, though 
 his eyesight has all bat failed. He has always been a 
 man of high integrity, and at one time was one of 
 property and influence. Mr. W. A. Taylor, the well 
 known Favetteville street tailor, is his eldest son. 
 
78 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Few men have been more identified with Raleigh's 
 early history than Mr. W. M. Brown, who is now sev- 
 enty-seven years of age. He was born here in 1825, 
 in a log cabin which stood on the northeast corner of 
 Morgan and Person streets. In those days framed 
 buildings were luxuries. Mr. Brown was but a lad 
 when the capitol was being erected, and worked at the 
 old rock quarry in the eastern part of the city, helping 
 the stone-cutters by running errands. Later he 
 learned the art of printing. His father was Neal 
 Brown, a boyhood friend of Andrew Johnson. Mr. 
 Brown is a man of high character, of unassuming 
 manner, and held in high esteem by a wide circle of 
 friends. In connection with Mr. W. M. Utley, in 1879, 
 he established the Evening Visitor. For some time he 
 has been in feeble health. 
 
 Mr. J. Rufdn Williams is another of the older resi- 
 dents. He came to Raleigh in 1836. (A more ex- 
 tended notice of Mr. Williams will be found in the 
 reference to early inhabitants.) 
 
 One of the best-known men to the older inhabitants 
 of Raleigh is Dr. Thomas D. Hogg. He has been the 
 pioneer in many useful enterprises inaugurated here 
 and in the State, although some of them he did not 
 carry beyond the experimental stage. Doctor Hogg 
 is thoroughly familiar with a great many scientific 
 subjects, of a practical nature, and takes the keenest 
 interest in all the great economic questions or prob- 
 lems of general importance. In aiding the Raleigh 
 and Gaston Railroad Company at a critical period, 
 and performing a like service for the Wilmington and 
 Weldon Railroad Company, he rendered the State val- 
 uable services. The same is true of his connection 
 with the erection of the Central Hospital for the In- 
 sane and of the duties discharged by him as an inspec- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 71) 
 
 tor of the North Carolina Railroad. Dr. Hogg is now 
 seventy-five years of age. 
 
 No man in Raleigh's history has been more essen- 
 tially identified with its people and their interests 
 than Mr. Chas. B. Root, who has been a resident since 
 1837. After a brief residence he embarked in the jew- 
 elry and watchmaking business, which he conducted 
 very successfully until 18G0,when he then retired from 
 trade. He married in 1848 Miss Anna F. Gales, daugh- 
 ter of Weston R. Gales, and granddaughter of Joseph 
 Gales, founder of the Raleigli Register. Mr. Root has 
 filled many places of honor and trust, among them the 
 presidency of the Raleigh Gas Works, to which posi- 
 tion he was elected in 1860. For several terms he has 
 been alderman, and during the Civil War was Mayor, 
 during which time he refused to accept any compensa- 
 tion whatsoever, choosing rather — be it said to his 
 great credit — to devote the same to benevolent objects 
 and purposes. No man has ever lived among us who 
 was more beloved by our whole people than Charles B. 
 Root. He is now eighty-three years of age, and for 
 one of his years remarkably vigorous. 
 
 One of the oldest native-born citizens, and who is 
 yet abiding with us, is Richard Bullock Seawell, now 
 eighty-four years of age. He is the youngest son of 
 Henry Seawell and Grizzelle Hinton Seawell, and was 
 born in the house now owned by Dr. Hogg on the 
 northeast corner of Wilmington and Lane streets. 
 May 26, 1818. He engaged extensively in agriculture 
 the greater portion of his life, but becoming embar- 
 rassed by the results of the Civil Wnv, he surrendered 
 his vast estate to the payment of debts and lias since 
 resided in the city. He has been intimately associa- 
 ted with many of the historical events of Raleigh. 
 His faculties are remarkably vigorous for one of his 
 advanced age. 
 
80 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Our venerable aud esteemed townsman Mr. W. C. 
 Upeliurcli is another citizen of the olden time. He 
 came here in 1833 — nearly sixt^^-nine years ago, and 
 shortly thereafter opened a grocery store on Hargett 
 street near Wilmington, which he conducted with suc- 
 cess during his whole business career, until five years 
 ago. In the early part of his business life he was in 
 copartnership with the late W. H. Holleman. He is 
 now in the eighty-ninth year of his age. Mr. Up- 
 church has sixty-seven living descendants. One of 
 these is Mr. B. W. Upchurch, a grandson, who is a 
 prominent Hargett street grocery merchant. 
 
 Major Moses A. Bledsoe has been a resident of Ra- 
 leigh since 1840, coming from Franklin county in 
 that year. He married a Miss Hunter, a descendant 
 of Theophilus Hunter, and before the Civil War was 
 a man of much property and influence. He is now in 
 the eightieth year of his age. Major Bledsoe and the 
 late W. W. Vass were clerks, late in the thirties, in the 
 store of John Eaton, in Henderson. 
 
 Mr. E. B. Thomas, who has been an inhabitant for 
 half a century, is a native of Wake, and came here 
 first as a teacher of the Western Ward common school. 
 No community was ever blessed with a more honora- 
 ble citizen and devoted Christian, nor one more faith- 
 ful in all his relations of life. He is the father of 
 Mr. W. G. Thomas, proprietor of the Northside Phar- 
 macy. Mr. Thomas is now eighty-one years of age. 
 
 Mordecai B. Barbee, Hugh W. Earp, Wm. A. Lamb, 
 survivors of the Mexican War, are others who must be 
 numbered with the older inhabitants. Mr. Barbee 
 has resided here for half a century, coming to Raleigh 
 from Chatham, the county of his birth, in 1852. For 
 many years he was in the coach-making business, but 
 for a quarter of a century past has been the leading 
 Justice of the Peace of Raleigh. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 81 
 
 Mr. Earp was born here, and is now more than 
 eighty years of age and quite feeble. He has been 
 always noted for his modesty, integrity, and fulfilled 
 all his relations of life with fidelity. In earlicn" life 
 Mr. Earp was a shoemaker by trade. He stood high 
 among his craftsmen, and had always the good will 
 of his numerous customers and the public. 
 
 Mr. Lamb, the remaining survivor mentioned above, 
 well known as a worthy mechanic, has always stood 
 well with his fellows, and been properly regarded as 
 a man of superior skill in his trade. He is now sev- 
 enty-four years of age. 
 
 FIRES AND FIRE ENGINES IN RALEIGH'S EARLY 
 HISTORY. 
 
 In the settlement of all communities, which are 
 at first but mere villages, the dwellings and places 
 of business are nearly always of wood. Many fires 
 must necessarily be experienced before more durable 
 and pretentious buildings are erected. Raleigh was 
 no exception to this rule, but her citizens prepared 
 themselves for such emergency by purchasing, in 
 1802, the first fire engine they had ever seen. There 
 was not then a pump in the city, and in case of fire 
 entire dependence was upon the wells, of which "not 
 one in four was supplied with buckets." Such was the 
 comment made by a newspaper of that period. The en- 
 gine referred to was bought by voluntary contribu- 
 tions. It employed sixteen hands, throwing eighty gal- 
 lons per minute one hundred and thirty-two feet, and 
 cost |374. Eleven years later the city bought a new en- 
 gine, and in 1821 the first regular fire company was 
 organized. Six years before this an abortive attempt 
 to supply the city with water was made. A water- 
 
82 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 wheel, A\'orked from a pond in front of the Insane 
 Asylum hill, made by damming Rocky Branch, forced 
 the water to the top of a water-tower on a hill in the 
 southwest part of the city, whence it flowed by gravity 
 to Hargett and along Fayetteville street. There was 
 no filtration. The water was delivered at intervals 
 through wooden spouts. The engineer was Samuel 
 Lash, of Salem, an ingenious mechanic. The pipes 
 were of wood. They became frequently- clogged with 
 mud, and often burst with the pressure. The citizens 
 living on the streets not benefited became clamorous 
 against the taxation levied for repairs, and the scheme 
 was abandoned. 
 
 Street Commissioner Blake, wiiile excavating on 
 Fayetteville street a few years ago, dug up several 
 pieces of this pipe, the inside diameter of which was 
 about three inches. On South Saunders street, near 
 Cabarrus, a section of this pipe may also be yet seen, 
 imbedded in the earth as it was originally eighty-seven 
 years ago. 
 
 The first great fire on record was in 1816, on the 
 east side of Fayetteville street, extending from Martin 
 to Hargett, and thence nearly to Wilmington street. 
 
 In 1821 a second fire broke out near the site where 
 the Market House now stands, consuming the east 
 side of Fayetteville street north, above Hargett, as far 
 as where Dobbin & Ferrall's store now stands, and 
 east to Wilmington street. 
 
 In 1831 another fire occurred ; this was on the site 
 of the present Market House. 
 
 In tlie same year all the buildings on the west side 
 of Fayetteville street, from Morgan to Hargett, with 
 the exception of that next to Morgan street — the Dr. 
 Fabius J. Haywood residence, but then occupied by 
 the Newl)ern Bank — were swept away. This was kin- 
 dled by an iiKciidiary, Benjamin F. Seaborn, a clerk 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 83 
 
 of IJichard Smith, who endeavored by arson to hide 
 the crime of theft. Smith was Register of Deeds, and 
 twenty registry books were destroyed with his store- 
 house, causing much confusion of titles in our county. 
 Seaborn was hung for his crime. 
 
 Another fire brolce out in 1841, in Depkin's shoe 
 shop, on Fay ett evil le street. The flames swept down 
 Hargett street until checked within one house of Wil- 
 mington street. The weak hose of the engine burst 
 soon after it was brought into action. The water 
 flowed on the ground, and mixing with red clay 
 formed a plastic material, which the ready-witted 
 firemen gathered by handsful and bucketsful, and 
 dashing it against the walls of a threatened store, 
 formed a non-conductor, impervious to heat. The fire 
 was extinguished, and the grateful citizens dubbed 
 this heroic band as the "mud company," and this well- 
 earned name stuck fast up to the day of its dissolution. 
 
 OLD-TIME STREET CARS. 
 
 The Raleigh Experimental Railway was the first 
 attempt at a railroad built in North Carolina. It was 
 finished January 1, 1833. It was a cheap strap-iron 
 tramway, costing |22.50 per mile. It was the sugges- 
 tion of Mrs. Sarah Polk, widow of Col. Wm. Polk, and 
 the mother of Bishop Polk. She was the principal 
 stockholder, and the investments paid over 300 per 
 cent. Capt. Daniel H. Bingham Avas the engineer, an 
 accomplished scholar who taught a military school in 
 the old Saunders house, on Hillsboro street, who was 
 assisted by two of his advanced students, Dr. R. B. 
 Haywood, of this city, and Col. Wm. ;M. Abbott, of 
 Mississippi. The road ran from the east portico of 
 the capitol to the Rock Quarry, in the remote eastern 
 
84 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 portion of the city. It was constructed principally 
 for the purpose of hauling stone to build the present 
 capitol. A passenger car was placed upon it "for the 
 accommodation of such ladies and gentlemen as de- 
 sired to take the exercise of a railroad airing." 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 For a long time after the foundation of the city the 
 people worshipped in the Statehouse or courthouse. 
 The great Methodist Bishop Asbury held a "big meet- 
 ing" in the former place in 1800. 
 
 In 1805 or 1806 William Glendenning, a native of 
 Scotland, removed to Raleigh and established a gro- 
 cery store on Newbern Avenue opposite the present 
 Episcopal Rectory. He had been a preacher of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, but seceded with James 
 O'Kelly. He built the first church in the city, on 
 Blount street, between Morgan and Hargett, and 
 called it Bethel. He became insane and was called 
 the "Crazy Parson," and, of course, made little re- 
 ligious impression on the community. 
 
 The first Methodist church built in Raleigh was 
 constructed of hewn logs, and stood in Joel Lane's 
 woods on what was then Halifax road, about where 
 Col. Heck's residence now stands, on Blount street, 
 -and was called Asbury Meeting House. Bishop As- 
 bury was probably the founder of this church, in 1784, 
 as he travelled frequently into North Carolina, and 
 Wake Court House was an important point. 
 
 In 1811 the Methodists had finished their church, 
 the first erected after the organization of the city, on 
 the lot donated by Willie Jones, of Halifax, and 
 bought by him at the sale of 1792. 
 
 This cliurch Imving been destroyed by fire in 1839, 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 85 
 
 another was erected in 1841. Benj. B. Smith, Ra- 
 leigh's leading- merchant, contributed three hundred 
 dollars toward this object. This church was removed 
 a few years ago to give way to the present imposing 
 edifice. It has a" seating capacity of eight hundred. 
 Mrs. Badger, the mother of the late George E. Badger, 
 was a prominent member of this church after coming 
 here in 1820 from Newbern, and often led in prayer, 
 or "prayed in public," as it was called. 
 
 x\mong the early pastors were Bennett T. Blake, 
 John Kerr, John T. Brame, John E. Edwards, R. O. 
 Burton, Wm. E. Pell, Joseph H. Wheeler, L. L. Hen- 
 dren, N. F. Reid, John S. Long. 
 
 Of those who were prominently connected with the 
 church in its earlier days were Miss Emma Hunter, 
 Miss Louisa Hill, Mrs. Sarah McCauley, Misses 
 Susan and Emma White, Mrs. Eliza Lemay, Mrs. Lu- 
 cinda Tucker, Henry J. Brown, Mrs. Lucy Evans, 
 Rev. Thos. J. Lemay, L. W. Peck, S. H. Young, O. W. 
 D. Hutchings, Jno. C. Palmer, Mrs. Ann R. Lipscomb, 
 Henry Porter, Mrs. Elizabeth Busbee, Jno. Myatt, 
 Miss Priscilla McKee, Eldridge Smith. 
 
 The Baptists were next to organize a congregation. 
 This was in 1812, and a church building of an humble 
 character was erected on Moore Square, or in what 
 was then known as the Baptist Grove. The bell was 
 of the size and sound of those generally in use by to- 
 bacco factories. In this Grove the founders of the 
 First Baptist church worshipped. There is high au- 
 thority for the statement that the members were ac- 
 customed each to take a tallow candle to this humble 
 building in order to produce a "dim, religious light" 
 (so conducive to spirituality, it was thought) for ser- 
 vices at night. The membership of the church, says 
 Mr. W. C. Upchurch, was never more than eighteen — 
 seven males and eleven females. Of the former there 
 
86 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 were Madison Royster, Jas. Nunn, J. D. Briggs, Mark 
 Williams, and W. C. Upchurch; the late Mrs. Alfred 
 Williams was among the female members. 
 
 About 1835, owing to differences of opinion among 
 the members, dissension arose, and' a new and better 
 edifice was accordingly erected at the southeast cor- 
 ner of Wilmington and Morgan streets. The pastors 
 of this church, in the order named, were Revs. Amos. 
 J. Battle, Louis Dupree, T. W. Toby, J. J. Finch, G. 
 W. Johnston, T. E. Skinner. 
 
 In 1858 the present imposing First Baptist Church 
 was erected. Rev. Dr. T. E. Skinner, one of our most 
 distinguished theologians (who is yet living and much 
 beloved by all) was the first pastor. The late Rev. 
 Dr. T. H. Pritchard was another of the early pastors. 
 
 Among the members of this church in the old days 
 were, Mrs. Alfred Williams, Miss Lucinda Briggs, 
 P. F. Pescud, J. J. Biggs, Miss Sallie Towles, M. B. 
 Royster, Jas. D. Royster, Lynn Adams, W. D. Wil- 
 liams, Caswell Lee, Jas. D. Nunn, Jordan Womble, 
 Jr., Robert Jones, Miss Selina Jenkins. 
 
 A prominent feature of the Sunday School of this 
 church is the Infant Class, which numbers one hun- 
 dred and sixty-five. The class was organized in 1865, 
 with but twelve pupils. Dr. W. I. Royster was the 
 first teacher in charge. It is now conducted by Mr. 
 and Mrs. W. H. Dodd and Miss Elizabeth Briggs. 
 
 In 1874 a few members of this church, led by Messrs. 
 N. B. Broughton and J. S. Allen, organized a new con- 
 gregation, and purchased on Swain street a house of 
 worship and denominated it the Second Baptist 
 Church. The congregation assumed in a year or two 
 such proportions that it became necessary to secure 
 a more commodious structure, and a site was accord- 
 ingly purchased on^the corner of Hargett and Person 
 streets, upon which was erected the present edifice, 
 
HISTORICAL UALKKUI. 
 
 87 
 
88 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 known as the Tabernacle Baptist Church. Its seat- 
 ing capacity is about one thousand. The Sunday 
 School is the largest in the city and its fame in this 
 department of religious work extends throughout the 
 countr^^, due, in a great measure, to the zeal and pop- 
 ularity of Mr. N. B. Broughtou, known throughout 
 the State as foremost in all that makes for the ad- 
 vancement — moral and material — of the people. 
 
 Steps were taken to organize an Episcopal Church 
 in Raleigh about 1820, Rev. John Phillips, of Calvary 
 Church, Tarboro, being missionary in charge. In 
 1822 a vestr}^ was elected, consisting of Chief Justice 
 John Louis Taylor, Wm. H. Haywood, and Dr. Bur- 
 ges. A wooden church was built in 1829, It was 
 situated a little nearer Edenton street than the pres- 
 ent beautiful edifice known as Christ Church. About 
 1845 or 1846 the stone church was erected under the 
 supervision of Mr. Upjohn, the leading ecclesiastical 
 architect of the country. The first Rector was Rev. 
 John Ravenscroft, who died in 1830. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. Geo. W. Freeman, who resigned in 
 1840, when Rev. Richard S. Mason, a man of great 
 learning, was elected, who ministered to the congrega- 
 tion until his death in 1874. 
 
 The original vestrymen of the church were, Jno. 
 Louis Taylor, Dr. Burges, Wm. H. Haywood, Jr. The 
 prominent communicants in early times were, Gavin 
 Hogg, Duncan Cameron, Thos. P. Devereux, Geo. E. 
 Badger, Chas. L. Hinton, Chas. Manly, Geo. W. Mor- 
 decai, Jno. H. Bryan, R. M. Saunders, Jas. McKim- 
 mon, Wm. H. Battle, Thos. D. Hogg, Kemp. P. Battle, 
 Wm. E. Anderson, R. H. Battle, P. A. Wiley. 
 
 Until 1827 the Sunday schools of the several 
 churches were united in one, which was known as the 
 Union Sunday School. The late Miss Lucinda Briggs 
 
HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 89 
 
 represented the Baptist denomination. A more ear- 
 nest and faithful disciple of Christianity this city has 
 never known than Miss Lucinda Briggs. She died 
 at an advanced age a few years since. Two daughters 
 of Dr. McPheeters represented the Presbyterian and 
 Miss Louisa Hill the Methodist denomination. Web- 
 ster's blue-back speller was one of the books used. 
 
 The first Presbyterian congregation in llaleigh was 
 organized in ISOG. The first regular pastor was Rev. 
 William Turner, of Virginia, his Elders being Judge 
 Henry Potter, William Shaw, and Thomas Emons. 
 The religious services were held in the hall of the 
 House of Commons. The first church was erected in 
 1817, and Rev. Wm. McPheeters became the first 
 pastor. Rev. Drury Lacy was long a pastor, occu- 
 pying the pulpit of his church for eighteen con- 
 secutive 3'ears. Rev. J. M. Atkinson was also one 
 of the pastors. Mr. Lacy was the father of Mr. B. R, 
 Lacy, our widely-popular State Treasurer. The pres- 
 ent handsome edifice was erected in 1899 ; it has a seat- 
 ing capacity of one thousand. 
 
 The following were among the prominent members 
 of this church in its early history: H. D. Turner, S. 
 W. Whiting, Wm. Peace, Jesse Brown, Chas. Dewey, 
 John Primrose, J. M. Towles. 
 
 At this time there are in Raleigh eighteen white and 
 a similar number of colored churches. Of the white, 
 eight are Baptist, one Catholic, one Christian, three 
 Episcopalian, four Methodist, and one Presbyterian. 
 The colored are: Baptist, seven; Christian, two; Con- 
 gregational, one; Episcopal, one; Methodist, six; 
 Presbyterian, one. 
 
 The first Young Men's Christian Association in 
 Raleigh was instituted in 1859, with H. P. McCoy as 
 president, and W. J. Young as secretary. The object 
 7 
 
90 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 of the organization was said to be "to visit the sick, 
 administer to the wants of the needy, establish Sun- 
 day Schools, distribute tracts," etc. 
 
 The first Mass ever celebrated in Raleigh was by the 
 Rev. Father Peter Wheelan, about the year 1832, in 
 a boarding-house kept by Matthew Shaw, a Presby- 
 terian. A Catholic church was built here in 1834, at 
 a cost of |800. It was dedicated by Bishop England, 
 in 1835, who often said Mass and preached therein. 
 
 In 1859 the building which had been the Baptist 
 church, corner of Morgan and Wilmington streets, 
 was purchased, and in 1860 formally dedicated by 
 Bishoj) Lynch, of Charleston. The first pastor was 
 Rev. J. V. McNamara, who was installed in 1869, until 
 which time the church had been served by missionary 
 priests. The present church edifice is on the corner 
 of Hillsboro and McDowell streets, and was pur- 
 chased in 1875, at a cost of |13,000. The pastor is 
 Rev. Thomas. P. Cxriffin. 
 
 EARLY HOTELS. OR TAVERNS. 
 
 The hotels, or taverns, as they were formerly called., 
 ^ere of a primitive nature. In 1803 Henry H. Cook 
 advertised that at "Wake Old Court House, about a 
 quarter of a mile of the Statehouse, he can accommo- 
 date ten or twelve gentlemen with board during the 
 session of the General Assembly, and will take a few 
 horses to feed at 2s. 6d. a day." 
 
 In the same year the "Indian Queen," kept by Cap- 
 tain Scott, was advertised as the best hotel in the city, 
 "with thirteen rooms, nine of which have fire-places." 
 This was on the site of the present Federal Courthouse 
 and Postoffice. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 91 
 
 Peter Casso, in 1804, opened a hotel on Fayetteville 
 street. This was on the site of H. T. Hicks's Phar- 
 macy. The proprietor advertised that "Northern and 
 Southern stages leave his door three times a Aveek." 
 
 On the first of July, 1812, Charles Parish opened a 
 new hotel and called it the Eagle. This was on the 
 site now occupied by the State Agricultural Building. 
 It was of three stories, and the same which was after- 
 wards known as the Guion Hotel. With the excep- 
 tion of the Statehouse, this was the first brick build- 
 ing erected in the city. 
 
 The following was the proprietor's announcement 
 to the public : 
 
 "Charles Parish informs his friends and the public 
 that his tavern is now open for the reception of trav- 
 ellers and boarders in the new three-story building 
 north of the Statehouse and fronting Union Square. 
 The house is spacious, completely furnished, and the 
 stables equal to any. For a well-supplied table 
 (served from a neat and cleanly kitchen), luxuries of 
 the rooms, beds, attendance, etc., it is determined that 
 this tavern shall excel any in the Southern States." 
 
 ''N. B. — An ice-house and bathing-rooms will l>e 
 constructed by next season." 
 
 The ice-house and bathing-rooms wcav ])robably 
 the earliest introduction of these luxuries among the 
 growing refinements of the city. 
 
 John Marshall and John Mares had also opened 
 hotels, or taverns. These were framed V)uildings. In- 
 deed, f(U' thirty years after the foundation of tlie city 
 (1792 until 1822) there were but four brick struc- 
 tures. These were the Eagle Hotel, the Bank of New 
 Bern (the Dr. Fab. Haywood residence at the head of 
 Fayetteville street), the Presbyterian Church, and the 
 Register printing office. The Governor's "Palace" 
 was of brick, but this was beyond tlie limits of the 
 citv. 
 
92 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 THE BIRTH-PLACE OF PRESIDENT. 
 
 No man known to the history of any people ever 
 rose, perhaps, to such distinction from so humble a 
 beginning as Andrew Johnson, better known as the 
 tailor President, He first saw the light of day in 
 Raleigh, on the 29th of December, 1808. At the age 
 of ten years he was apprenticed to Mr. Jas. Litchford 
 (grandfather of Messrs. James and Henry Litchford) 
 to learn the trade of a tailor. B(^fore his term of ap- 
 prenticeship expired he resolved to seek a field of use- 
 fulness elsewhere. He and Neal Brown, the latter 
 also a young man (and the father of Mr. W. M. 
 Brown) were intimate friends, and to Neal, Andrew 
 confided his intention of "running away" from his em- 
 ployer. Brown agreed to assist him in doing so. To 
 that end he carried his friend Andrew's luggage, or 
 carpet-sack of his meagre belongings to a safe dis- 
 tance on the road outside of town in order to facilitate 
 the latter's escape. Johnson journeyed on foot from 
 here to Laurens Court House, S. C., where he fol- 
 lowed his trade for two years. There he became en- 
 gaged to be married to the daughter of a gentleman of 
 wealth and position, but was refused her hand because 
 of his poverty. He returned to Raleigh in 1826, but 
 after remaining here but a few months, went to Green- 
 ville, Tennessee, where he was married. Up to this 
 time he knew nothing of writing or arithmetic; his 
 wife, however, sedulously labored to instruct him in 
 those branches of rudimentary education, and with 
 success. In 1S29 he became an alderman ; in 1880 
 Mayor ; in 1835 he was sent to the Legislature. Here 
 he made his maiden speech on pul3lic affairs. In 
 1841 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1843 
 he was first chosen as a Representative in Congress. 
 In this position he served until 1853. He was twice 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 93 
 
 elected Governor. In 1857 he was sent to the United 
 States Senate for a full term, ending in 1863. And 
 finally, after filling almost every official position in 
 the gift of the people, he became President of the 
 United States, which last position he obtained, how- 
 ever, Iw the occasion of Lincoln's death while in office. 
 The house in which this remarkable man was born 
 is still in existence, though in a bad state of decay. It 
 is situated on East Cabarrus street, between Wilming- 
 ton and Blount streets. The double-slanting roof 
 indicates that it was erected at a period when the 
 colonial style of architecture was yet in vogue. For 
 a long time it has been occupied by colored people. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 The Ealeigh Academy, inaugurated in 1802, was 
 a corporation chartered in that year, and was situated 
 in what was then called Burke's Garden, otherwise 
 known as Burke Square — the site of the Governor's 
 Mansion. The Trustees were John Raven, Wm. 
 White, Sherwood Haywood, Theophilus Hunter, John 
 Ingles, Nathaniel Jones, Matthew McCullers, Wm. 
 Hinton, Simon Turner, Samuel High, Joseph Gales, 
 John Marshall, Wm. Boylan, Henry Seawell. The 
 school was for both young men and young ladies. 
 Great stress was laid on Latin and on the training of 
 the boys, while the education of the girls was confined 
 to tlie English branches. The Ixtys were instructed 
 as if they were designed for one of the learned profes- 
 sions. The girls were educated to be good spellers 
 and readers, to be well acquainted with geography, 
 and their hands were trained to be able to use deftly 
 the needle. Many of them, too, learned to play on the 
 
94 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 piaDo or guitar under a music teacher of reputation, 
 an Englishman named Thomas Sambourne. 
 
 In 1810 Rev. Wm. McPheeters, of Virginia, a young 
 minister of the Presbyterian Church, was elected by 
 the Trustees of the Academy not only to teach but to 
 be "Pastor of the City." He was described as a man 
 of learning and of the strongest character, of great 
 personal magnetism, and an admirable teacher, kind 
 to all, but inflexibly severe to offenders.. His school 
 was patronized, it was said, from all parts of the 
 South — from Virginia to Louisiana. 
 
 He preached most acceptably in the Statehouse 
 until 1817, when the Presbyterian church was erected. 
 He gave up the Academy in 1826. In 1837 he spent 
 a year in Fayetteville in charge of a large female 
 seminary, and resigned on account of failing health. 
 For the same reason he declined the tender of the pres- 
 idency of Davidson College. He returned to Raleigh, 
 and died in 1842. There was said to be no more influ- 
 ential man in the State than Dr. McPheeters. 
 
 St. Mary's School, for young ladies, was founded in 
 1842, by Rev. Aldert Smedes, who had rare qualifica- 
 tions for this work. He was a man of big brain and 
 great heart. During the privations of the great Civil 
 War, and in the troublous years afterwards, the doors 
 of his school were kept open, even when he was suffer- 
 ing a pecuniary loss. His benefactions in the way of 
 free tuition and board on credit, at all times liberal, 
 were in those days princely. There is no calculating 
 the amount of his influence in the thousands of homes 
 adorned by his pupils all through the Southern States. 
 The buildings of this school were erected in 1832, as a 
 school for boys, but failed, in 1838, for lack of proper 
 support. The present Rector is Rev. Theodore D. 
 Brattoii. 
 
 Joshua Lumsden, (referred to luore fullv else- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 95 
 
 where) taught a school for boys. The late Thos. H. 
 Brings was one of his pupils. 
 
 Mrs. Martiodale's school for boys and girls will be 
 remembered pleasantly by many of her old pupils. 
 She was a very thorough teacher and a good discipli- 
 narian. Her school was on the corner of Morgan and 
 Person streets. ^liss Eliza Hill conducted a school 
 of like character in the old Masonic Temple. This 
 was a two-story frame building which stood <>n the 
 corner of Dawson and Morgan streets. 
 
 Kev. Drury Lacy also had a superior school for boys. 
 
 In 1840 Messrs Gra^^ and Dorratt opened their 
 *'North Carolina Classical, English and Mathematical 
 Institute" near the capitol, and the same year Silas 
 Bigelow established a school for young men. 
 
 Jefferson Madison Lovejoy, or "Old Jeff," as his 
 boys called him, was the last of the old-time schools 
 for males. This school was established in 1842, and 
 became famous as one of the best institutions of learn- 
 ing, of its kind, in the State. Many of those who were 
 his pupils are to-day among the most prominent and 
 influential men of the city. The school was on the 
 site of the (xovernor's Mansion, and was conducted 
 with much success until the close of the Civil War. 
 Among those now living among us who were pupils of 
 Mr. Lovejoy were Hon. John Nichols, ex-Mayor Thos. 
 Badger, Dr. F. J. Haywood, Jr., Messrs. Jos. A. Hay- 
 wood, Clias. McKimmon, and others. 
 
 The common school or "old-field free school," as 
 it was sometimes termed, is referred to elsewhere. 
 It may Ix^ here stated, however, that while the ed- 
 ucation of the masses did not escape the attention 
 of the founders of our State government (for we 
 find a provision to this effect in the Constitution of 
 177G), yet it was not until 1852 that anything like a 
 
96 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 working system of public education was adopted. 
 Calvin H. Wiley was made State Superintendent. 
 
 Late in the forties the Sedgwick Female Seminary 
 was opened. It was situated on Halifax, between 
 North and Johnson streets, on the lot now occupied 
 by the residence of C. C. McDonald. The seminary 
 was under the superintendence of ]Mrs. Finch, wife of 
 Rev. Joseph J. Finch, who was at that time pastor of 
 the Baptist church. After the death of Mr. Finch, 
 which occurred in 1850, Mrs. Finch Avas assisted in 
 conducting the school by Rev. G. M. L. Finch and a 
 corps of able teachers, who instructed in all the 
 branches usually taught in seminaries. The follow- 
 ing are the names of many who were pupils of this 
 school, some of whom are still living. Many of these, 
 having married, of course now bear other names : Vir- 
 ginia Gorman, Sallie, Julia, Annie and Martha Litch- 
 ford ; Mary and Annie DeCarteret ; Ellen, Hattie and 
 Joanna Johnson; Julia Hutchings, Marianna Hill, 
 Maggie and Sarah Outlaw, Geneva Harrison, Helen 
 Battle, Victoria Womble, Laura Bryant, Frances J. 
 Royster. Mr. and Mrs. Finch were the parents of 
 Mrs. Dr. W. I. Royster and Mrs. Dr. Wm. T. Hodge. 
 
 In 1860 Albert H. Dowell organized a classical 
 school, for boys. The school-house was near the resi- 
 dence of the late Henry Mordecai, just beyond the 
 city limits. Among his pupils were Sam'l F. Mor- 
 decai, Joel Whitaker, Chas. E. Johnson, J. I. Johnson, 
 T. H. Briggs, Jas. A. Briggs, Willis Whitaker, Peter 
 Pescud, Jas. Boylan, Wm. Boylan and J. Pugh Hay- 
 wood. The originators and promoters of the school 
 were Wilson Whitaker and other prominent gentle- 
 men of means. Mr. Dowell is said to have been one of 
 the most thorough and capable teachers of his time. 
 He was the father of Mrs. D. G. Conn, of this city. 
 
 The Select School for Girls of the Misses Partridge 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 97 
 
 (Sophia and Caroline — the latter subsequently be- 
 coming Mrs. Jordan) was opened in 1846. It was 
 held in high esteem, as shown by the liberal patronage 
 it enjoyed for nearly twenty years. The school was 
 situated on East Hargett street, near Swain. The 
 Partridge family were natives of New^ark, N. J., and 
 came to Raleigh but a short while prior to the opening 
 of the school. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Bobbitt also conducted schools 
 at this period. Mrs. Bobbitt was an aunt of Miss 
 Partridge and Mrs. Jordan, above mentioned, and 
 came here from Louisburg, where she and her husband 
 had been engaged in teaching. After the death of Mr. 
 Bobbitt, his widow assisted Miss Sophia Partridge in 
 the conduct of her school. 
 
 No institution of learning in Raleigh was ever more 
 favorably known than that of Mrs. Eliza Taylor, who, 
 shortly after the death of her husband (Attorney-Gen- 
 eral Taylor) in 1828, opened a select school for boys 
 and girls on the corner of Hargett and Salisbury 
 streets, which she conducted almost without interrup- 
 tion, for more than forty years. Dr. Thos. D. Hogg. 
 Bishop Beckwith and Mr. A. M. McPheeters were 
 among her first pupils. There are many other people 
 now living in Raleigh who also received from her their 
 early instruction. Among these are Hon. Thos. R. 
 Purnell, Judge of the District Court of the United 
 States, who attended this school for several years im- 
 mediately preceding the Civil War. Judge Purnell is 
 further identified with Raleigh's earlier history by the 
 fact of his relationship with the distinguished Hay- 
 wood family, (Wm. H.,) Gov. Chas. Manly, and Gov. 
 Edward B. Dudley, the last mentioned being Judge 
 Purnell's grandfather. 
 
 A more historic house and its appurtenances do 
 not stand in Raleigh than those known as the "Old 
 
98 HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 
 
 Taylor Place," which have been iu the Taylor and Bus- 
 bee families since early in the last century. The 
 house then stood on Hillsboro street, and was owned 
 by Judge Potter, who in 1818 sold it to Col. Jas. F. 
 Taylor. The building was then removed to its pres- 
 ent site. The little "office" on the corner was subse- 
 quently built by the new owner, who used it for a law 
 office. After his death it was occupied by Judge 
 Gaston, who was Mrs. Taylor's uncle and guardian. 
 It was here that this distinguished Carolinian and 
 eminent jurist wrote the renowned poem, which was 
 subsequently set to music, and since known as the 
 "Old North State." This was in 1835. The poem 
 was suggested by Mrs. Taylor, who, having heard her 
 daughter Miss Louisa — then but thirteen years of age 
 — render a song having a particularly pleasing air, 
 thought the music appropriate for a patriotic hymn. 
 This view she communicated to Judge Gaston, who at 
 once complied with Mrs. Taylor's request to write the 
 poem, as above stated. 
 
 Miss Louisa Taylor was the first to sing the hymn ; 
 she is still living and sings it still. The piano on which 
 it was first played is still in the family. 
 
 Peace Institute was not opened until 1868, though 
 its erection had begun before the Civil War. This 
 school is at the northern terminus of Wilmington 
 street, and occupies large and well-arranged brick 
 buildings, in an oak grove of about fifteen acres. It 
 is well patronized. The first Principal was Rev. Rob- 
 ert P)Urwell, D.D. Mr. Jas. Dinwiddie is now the 
 President. 
 
 Shaw University (colored) was opened in 1865. It 
 had its origin in the formation of a theological class 
 of freedmen in the old Guion Hotel (the site of the 
 State Agricultural Building), with Mvx. V\. M. Tup- 
 per and his wife as teachers. Subsequently the school 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 99 
 
 was removed to the coi-ner of Jjloinit and Cabarrus 
 streets, and, until 1870, known as the llah'i^h Insti- 
 tute. ]>uihliniis were erected from time to time until 
 1879, when it was incorporated as 8haw Universitv. 
 The institution has Law and ^Medical Departments, 
 and continues in a prosperous condition. The Presi- 
 dent is Dr. C. F. :Meserve. 
 
 LAWYERS OF OLD TIMES. 
 
 One of the tirst practicing- lawyers connected with 
 the history of Kaleigh was Henry Sea well. He was 
 l)()rn in 1774 in ^^\n\t was then Bute (now Franklin) 
 county, and came here in 1800. After serving as At- 
 torney-General he was appointed Judge of the Supe- 
 rior Court, which position he filled Avith great credit, 
 lie was said to be a hnvyer of great ability. His Avife 
 was ^liss Grizelle Hinton, whom he married in 1800. 
 .Air. Ivichard Seawell, of Raleigh, already mentioned, 
 is one of his sons. 
 
 A contemporary of ]Mr. Seawell was Peter P>roA\ne. 
 who came here in the early part of the last 
 century. He was the owner of the land later pur- 
 chased by Wm. Boylan in the western section of the 
 city. He died in 1838, sixty-two years of ago. 
 
 ^foses Mordecai was another early att(UMiev. Com- 
 ing to tliis State from New York, he settled in Green- 
 ville, and came to Raleigh about 1 820. He was a jurist 
 of note and an advocate of great ability. He died in 
 1824. He was the grandfather of Sam'l F. Mordecai, 
 Esq., of Raleigh, one of the State's ablest lawyers, 
 and now Professor of Law of Wake Forest College. 
 
 Another attorney of distinction was Gavin Hogg. 
 Removing here from Bertie in 1820, he soon had a 
 hu'gc ]u*actice, which, however, was confined to the 
 Supreme and Federal Courts. 
 
 L.cfC. 
 
100 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Later attorn ej^s of recognized abilitj' as jurists and 
 advocates were the following: Henry W. Miller, a 
 lawyer of great eloquence; Perrin Busbee, an attorney 
 whose ability and great popularity would have in- 
 sured for him the enjoj'ment of the highest offices in 
 th<:' State, but for his death at an early age, wliich 
 occurred in 1853. Judge P>adger, B. F. Moore and 
 Tlionias J>ragg were trulv ureat lawvers. Tlie first en- 
 
 W. C. Ul'C'HUKt'H, 
 
 Oldest living male inliabitant ; aged eighty-nine years. 
 
 joyed the distinction of being Secretary of the Navy 
 under President Harrison ; Mr. ]Moore devoted his life 
 to liis practice, and accumulated a large fortune; Mr. 
 Bragg became a jurist and statesman of great distinc- 
 tion, and served for awhile in the Confederate States 
 rabin(4. Mr. Badger was born in 1795, died ISHG; 
 .Mr. :M()ore was born in 1801, died 1878. 
 
 .Tas, F. Taylor was another laAvyer of celebrity. He 
 eraduated at the State UniA'erritv in 1810, and in 
 
IllSTOUICAL KALEIGK, 101 
 
 1825 was elected Attorney-General. He died in 1828, 
 at the age of thirty-seven years. 
 
 Hiram W. Husted and G. Wash. Haywood were also 
 lawyers of prominence more than half a century ago. 
 Mr. Hnsted was possessed of fine literary attain- 
 ments. In politics he was an ardent Whig. In 1844 he 
 \\'as the editor of the Clarion., the campaign organ in 
 Raleigh of the Whig party. Mr. Haywood was an 
 able lawyer and a brother of the late Drs. F. J. and 
 E. Burke Haywood. 
 
 Charles Manly, too, was a lawyer of considerable 
 note. He was elected Governor on the Whig ticket, in 
 1848, and filled many other offices of honor and trust. 
 
 William H. Haywood was another illustrious law- 
 yer of early times. He Avas born here in 1801, and in 
 1822 commenced the practice of his profession, in 
 which he earned great distinction. He was the father 
 of Edward Graham Haywood, a lawyer of eminence. 
 
 Succeeding these lawyers in order of time were 
 Quentin Busbee, S. H. Rogers, Kemp Marriott, Ed- 
 ward Graham Haywood, Daniel G. Fowle, W. S. Ma- 
 son, A. M. Lewis, R. G. Lewis, R. C. Badger. John Gat- 
 ling, H. A. Gilliam, Geo. H. Snow, Thos. C. Fuller, A. 
 S. Merrimon, W. H. Pace, B. B. Lewis, W. H. Bledsoe, 
 J. E. Bledsoe, Spier Whitaker, R. O. Burton. 
 
 MASONRY AND ODD FELLOWSHIP. 
 
 The first Masonic Lodge established in Raleigh was 
 in 1792. It was chartered by the Grand Lodge of the 
 State, which met in Newbern that year — Grand Mas- 
 ter William R. Davie presiding. This Lodge was 
 known as Democratic Lodge No. 21. Its meetings 
 were held at a little hotel located on the corner of 
 
102 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Fayetteville aud Mor<T^aii streets, and known as Casso's 
 Tavern, which was kept by Peter Casso, a member of 
 the Lodge. 
 
 The Lodge was little more than a club, and the old 
 fashioned custom of serving refreshments in a liquid 
 form was one of the chief attractions at the meetings, 
 and often, 'twas said, 
 
 "There was a sound of revelry by night.'" 
 
 This was during the period of the French Revolu- 
 tion, when atheism had entered so largely into the sen- 
 timents of the French people. There were sympa- 
 thizers with this French sentiment among the foreign 
 element of Democratic Lodge; and in consequence of 
 this sentiment there arose confusion, dissensions and 
 discord in the Lodge. 
 
 One Rodman Atkins, or "Rody Atkins,'' as he was 
 called, was the leader of the foreign element, while 
 Col. William Polk, a pronounced Churchman, led the 
 home or native element. The consequence was that 
 the charter of Democratic Lodge was finally surren- 
 dered, and its jewels, regalia and furniture turned 
 over to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Hiram Lodge No. 40 was established in the year 
 1800, the charter being issued by the Grand Lodge of 
 that year, signed by AVilliam Polk, Grand Master. 
 The charter is in a good state of preservation in the 
 hall of this old Lodge. 
 
 In 1864 William (1. Hill Lodge No. 218 was estab- 
 lished, and is still a flourishing Lodge, having a larger 
 membership than any other in the city. 
 
 In the year 1900, just one century after the estab- 
 lishment of Hiram Lodge No. 40. Raleigh Lodge No. 
 500 was established. This young Lodge is also in a 
 fery flourishing condition. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of North Caro- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 103 
 
 lina, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was institu- 
 ted in Wilmington on the 6tli day of January, 1843, 
 by District Deputy Grand Sire, (Jeorge M. Bain, and 
 therefore has been in existence fifty-nine years. 
 
 The order in Raleigh consists now of Manteo Lodge 
 No. 8, Seaton Gales Lodge No. G4, Capital Lodge No. 
 147, Kuth-Rebekah Lodge No. 4, and Litchford-McKee 
 Encampment No. 15. 
 
 Manteo Lodge No. 8 Avas instituted January 14th, 
 184(), by Alexander McRae, then Grand Master, and 
 with the exce[)tion of the war period, and a few years 
 thereafter, has worked continuously for fifty-eight 
 years, and is now continuing its great work of benevo- 
 lence and charity, and in the upbuilding of the great 
 fraternal principles of that institution. 
 
 Seaton Gak's Lodge No. 04 was instituted by Sea- 
 ton Gales, then Grand Master, for whom the Lodge 
 A\as named, on the 21st day of January, 1871, and is 
 now, as it always has l)een, one of the banner Lodges 
 of the State. It is full of energy and push, and when- 
 ever any good thing for the promotion of the order is 
 put forward, it is always in the front rank. 
 
 Capita 1 Lodge No. 147 was instituted August 31, 
 1892, by Phil. H. Andrews, District Deputy Grand 
 I\rast(n'. This progressive Lodge is composed largely 
 of younger men, and has been noted at all times for 
 its charitalde deeds and kindly offices to those in dis- 
 tress. 
 
 Ruth Lodge No. 4, D. of R., is (•()iii])()S('(i lai-gcly of 
 the Avives, daughters and sisters of the male' in('ml)(Ts 
 of the above Lodges. One of its ])r()miu('iil features is 
 to cultivate and extend the social and fraternal rela- 
 tions of life among the Lodges and the families of Odd 
 Fellows. 
 
 ^[cKee Encampment No. 15 was instituted by Wm, 
 L. Smith, Past Grand Master, then District Deputy 
 
104 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Grand Sire, on the second day of Maj, 1871. As this 
 branch of the order is only one of higher grade than 
 the Lodge, it is composed of members who are also 
 members of the three Lodges. It has a system of 
 charitable work arranged similarly to the Lodges. 
 "The Camp," as it is frequently called, prides itself 
 upon its dramatic rendition of its secret work as well 
 as its binding closer into the fraternal relation thtj 
 membership of the order. It teaches toleration, hos- 
 pitality, and endeavors to impress its members with 
 the idea of unselfishness. 
 
 Mr. B. H. Woodell, of this city, has been Grand 
 Secretary of the Grand Lodge for sixteen years. A 
 more efficient and faithful officer, or one more devoted 
 to the interests of the order could not be found. 
 
 The local Lodges of the order of Red Men, the Elks, 
 Junior Order of American Mechanics, Knights and 
 Ladies of Honor, Royal Arcanum, the Heptasophs, 
 Ancient Order United Workmen, and the Moclern 
 Puritans, are organizations of recent date. 
 
 GENERAL LA FAYETTE'S VISIT TO RALEIGhi- 
 
 The expected arrival in Raleigh of this dis- 
 tinguished visitor created no little enthusiasm in the 
 minds of the people, and was anticipated as one of the 
 most interesting events ever having occurred in our 
 history. From the Raleigh Register of March 1, 1825, 
 is taken the following: 
 
 "This great and good man has, ere this, arrived 
 within our State borders. Before our paper is again 
 issued, we shall have welcomed to our city the hero 
 whose military fame, unsullied patriotism and un- 
 merited sufferingB, have excited the admiration of all 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 105 
 
 who have either witnessed or heard of his noble deeds 
 and virtuous conduct." 
 
 In its issue of March 8, 1825, the Register contains 
 the following description of La Payette's arrival : 
 
 '*0n Tuesday night they (La Fayette, his son 
 George Washington, and Secretary) slept at Col. 
 Allen Page's, eleven miles from this city, and about 
 twelve o'clock on Wednesday arrived in town. They 
 were met a few miles from this place by the well dis- 
 ciplined corps of cavalry, under the command of Col. 
 Thomas Polk, of Mecklenburg. The General and suite 
 alighted from their carriages, and were introduced to 
 the compan}^ individually, after which, preceded by 
 the cavalr^^ and followed by nearly a hundred citizens 
 on horseback, who had gone to meet him, they pro- 
 ceeded to this city. At the limits thereof they were 
 met by the handsome company of light infantry, com- 
 manded by Jolm S. Ruffin, which received him with 
 military honors. Here the General again alighted, 
 and was presented to each member of the company — 
 the interest of which scene was heightened by fine 
 martial music from an excellent band. After this cer- 
 emony, the procession moved in the following order to 
 the Government House : First, the cavalry ; then fol- 
 lowed the infantry, succeeding which, in an open 
 barouches drawn by four elegant iron-grays, with out- 
 riders, were General La Fayette and Col. Wm. Polk ; 
 after which, in carriages, also drawn by four horses 
 each, were George W. La Fayette, the Secretary — INI. 
 Le Vasseur — the State escort, etc. As the cavalcade 
 proceeded a Federal salute was fired from cannon 
 placed in the Capitol Square, on reacliing which the 
 General was greeted with the cheers of the assembled 
 multitude. Every door, window and piazza on the 
 street was crowded with ladies, who manifested their 
 
 8 
 
106 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 gratification by waving their handkerchiefs, etc. On 
 reaching the Government House the military filed off 
 on each side, leaving a space through which the Gen- 
 eral, suite and escort passed. In the vestibule they 
 were received by the Governor and committee of ar- 
 rangements, and conducted to the reception chamber, 
 where were the heads of the Departments, Judiciary 
 and other citizens. Governor Burton then welcomed 
 him in an eloquent address. In the evening a ball was 
 given complimentary to the General, held at the Gov- 
 ernment House. In the centre of the room, surmount- 
 ing the pillars, appeared in large golden characters, 
 the name La Fayette. Though no military trophies 
 adorned the walls, no splendid ornaments excited ad- 
 miration, yet there were two subjects which spoke to 
 the memory and feeling — a large, full-length portrait 
 of Washington, aud tlio Hri)tg presence of his great 
 coadjutor in the work of gloiw." 
 
 In the family of the late Dr. E. Burke Haywood 
 there may now be seen a beautiful lithographic repre- 
 sentation of General La Fayette and Miss Betsy Hay- 
 wood — daughter of Treasurer Haywood, and sister of 
 Dr. E. Burke Haywood — as they appeared viewing in 
 admiration the Canova statue of Washington in the 
 rotunda of the Capitol. The following is the inscrip- 
 tion at the foot of the picture : 
 
 "Canova's statue of General George Washington 
 as it appeared on the pedestal in the Statehouse 
 rotunda at Raleigh, North Carolina. 
 
 "A beautiful light, falling from the dome window 
 upon the slab of marble, illuminates the whole statue. 
 
 "La Fayette is represented viewing this masterly 
 representation of his beloved General. 
 
 "Respectfully dedicated to the Legislature of North 
 Carolina by J. Weisman. 
 
 "Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 107 
 
 1840, by J. Weisraan, in the Clerk's office of the Dis- 
 trict Court of the Eastern District of Pa. 
 
 "P. S. Duval, Lith., Phila." 
 
 Resuming consideration of the early inhabitants, in 
 1826 Henry J. Brown came to Raleigh, in company 
 with his father, from Petersburg, Va. He was then 
 fifteen years of age. Ten years later he embarked in 
 the furniture and undertaking business. This he con- 
 ducted with much success until his death in 1879. A 
 more devout, godly man and upright citizen was never 
 a resident of Raleigh. He married in early life Lydia 
 Lane, a descendant of Col. Joel Lane. Mr. J. W. 
 Brown, the well known undertaker, and Jos. G. 
 Brown, President of the Citizens National Bank, are 
 his only living sons. 
 
 In 1830 Jordan Womble had opened his grocery 
 store on Hargett street, which he conducted until a 
 few years before his death, which occurred in 1891. He 
 left many descendants, most of whom live in Raleigh. 
 
 The population in 1833 had grown to about 1,800. 
 Jas. Litchford was still the leading tailor, whose shop 
 was near the Rectory of Christ Church. C. D. Leh- 
 man had opened a drug store, and Neal Brown had 
 found that Raleigh would support a wool hat factory. 
 The traveling public was thought to need better hotel 
 accommodations, for Edward Rigsbee had opened the 
 City Hotel. Wesley Whitaker was still conducting 
 his business of manufacturing pianos. 
 
 J. E. Lumsden, who evidently believed that "cleanli- 
 ness was next to godliness," was the proprietor of a 
 bathing establishment, which he advertised would "be 
 kept open from sunrise till candle-light, and where 
 hot and cold baths could be procured at reasonable 
 rates." 
 
108 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Others who had opened business by this time were, 
 Benj. S, King, William White, Jno. G. Morehead, 
 Wm. W. Taylor, and Turner & Hughes. The last 
 mentioned firm were also the iDublishers of the North 
 Carolina Almanac. 
 
 THE NAT. TURNER INSURRECTION. 
 
 When Nat. Turner's massacre of fifty-five persons 
 occurred in Southampton, Virginia, in 1831, the whole 
 of Raleigli was placed under arms. The able-bodied 
 were divided into four companies, each to patrol the 
 streets every fourth night. The old men were organ- 
 ized as "Silver Grays." The fortress was the Presby- 
 terian church, and it was agreed that whenever the 
 Statehouse bell should sound the women and children 
 were to hasten to its protecting walls. At last, one 
 night O'Rourke's blacksmith shop took fire. It was 
 night, and one of the most fearful scenes ever beheld 
 in Raleigh, it is said, was that of hundreds of women 
 and children flying through the streets to the place of 
 common refuge. A gentleman, still a resident of this 
 city, then a mere boy, becoming also excited, refused 
 to leave his home, and seizing his deceased father's 
 sword, brandished it in the air and declared his pur- 
 pose to there die in the defence of the household. The 
 negroes were frightened more than the whites. They 
 fled and hid under houses, in garden shrubbery, lay 
 between corn rows — anywhere. 
 
 There never was a time when the colored people of 
 Raleigh would have risen against our people. It is 
 greatly to the credit of both races that notwithstand- 
 ing party animosity and sudden emancipation, the 
 kindly personal feeling between the whites and their 
 old servants has never been interrupted. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 109 
 
 liocnrring again to the early inhabitants, E. II. Col- 
 burn was early identified with Raleigh, especially in 
 an industrial capacity. He came here from Massa- 
 chusetts in 1833, as a stone mason, with a large num- 
 ber of others, to assist in re-building the capitol. Mr. 
 C'olburn was the father of Mrs. Ellen HeawelK wife of 
 Mr. Richard Seawell. 
 
 John Dunn was then the proprietor of the City 
 Hotel, situated on Fayetteville street, near the court- 
 house. It had formerly been kept by Mrs. Jeter. 
 
 Beckwith, Blake & Co., in 1831, were in the drug 
 business, and Wm. H. Grimme had opened a dry goods 
 and grocery store. Thos. Cobbs was a coach -maker, 
 whose shop was on Edenton street near the Methodist 
 church. Mordecai & McKimmon, Dunn & Ligon, and 
 Mead & Avery, had been added to the list of dry goods 
 and grocery merchants, and Jas. W. Jeffreys was run- 
 ning a stage line from Raleigh to Weldon. Jno. C. 
 Stedman was in the jewelry business. Carter Jones 
 had opened a military school, while Matthew Hard- 
 ford was cutting and making gentleman's clothing at 
 prices "to suit the times." 
 
 The Star and the North Carolina Gazette had com- 
 bined and was published by Lawrence and Lemay. 
 
 Henry Porter came among us about this time from 
 liis former home in Sampson County, and opened a 
 shoe-making business. Later, in 1852, he opened a 
 boot and shoe store on Fayetteville street, which he 
 conducted successfully for many years. Identified 
 with the Methodist church from his arrival here, he 
 soon became a leader with its meml)ers, and is remem- 
 bered by the older citizens as a very devout man. He 
 was a prominent citizen and held in high esteem. Mr. 
 Porter was the fatlier of ^Messrs. John and George 
 Porter and the late Mrs. Martha Brewster. 
 
 In 1836 an obscure young man, who was later des- 
 
110 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 tined to be the Governor of his native State, came to 
 Raleigh, to learn the art of printing. This was Wil- 
 liam W. Holden, and his age eighteen years. He 
 worked for several years in the office of the Stm- and 
 Gazette, and boarded with one of the editors, Thos. J. 
 Lemay. The latter lived on the corner of Harrington 
 and Jones streets. In the language of Governor Hol- 
 den himself, while so working he slept a whole winter 
 in a log cabin, which was daubed with red mud, with- 
 out any fire, even in the coldest weather. This cabin 
 was on the opposite corner from Mr. Lemay's, on the 
 site of the late residence of Mr. W. B. Hutchings. In 
 1843 Mr. Holden purchased the Standard newspaper, 
 in the editorial conduct of which he proved to be a 
 writer having but few equals in the country. 
 
 Mr. Joseph W. Holden was the eldest son of ex-Gov. 
 Holden. He was Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1868, 1869 and 1870, and enjoyed the 
 reputation of being the most capable officer who has 
 ever occupied that position in this State. He was 
 afterwards elected Mayor of the city of Raleigh. He 
 died at an early age and was undoubtedly one of the 
 most talented men that the State has ever produced. 
 His poem of Eatteras was written before he entered 
 politics, and this piece of composition will live until 
 the everlasting rocks of Cape Hatteras and time are 
 no more. He died in 1875, aged thirty-one years. 
 
 In 1838 the BihUcal Recorder was removed from 
 New Bern to Raleigh. It was then but three years 
 old. Rev. Thos. Meredith, one of the most distin- 
 guished ministers of the Baptist denomination in this 
 State, was the editor. It has since changed hands 
 many times. Mr. J. H. Alford, long identified with 
 our people as a man of exalted character, and with 
 the Baptist denomination as one its most devout mem- 
 bers and deacons, was an apprentice in the office of 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Ill 
 
 this paper, which he entered in the year 1818. The 
 Recorder is now edited by Rev. J. W. Bailey, one of 
 the ablest writers for the religious press in the South. 
 The North Carolina Christian Advocate was not 
 founded until 1855. In 18G7 the name was changed 
 to the Episcopal Methodist, and three years later it 
 
 DR. W. H. .M'KEE. 
 
 Died in 1875; aged sixty -two years. 
 
 became the Raleigh Christian Advocate. This paper 
 is the organ of the North Carolina Conference. 
 Its first editor was Rev. Rufus T. Heflin. Among 
 other editors, there have been Rev. W. E. Pell, 
 Rev. F. L. Reid, Rev. Dr. Bhick. It is now conducted 
 by Rev. Thos. N. Ivey, a journalist of eminent ability. 
 At this period (1838) there were but two residences 
 of the least pretension in that part of the cit}^ north 
 
112 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 and west of the Methodist church; these were the 
 Lemay residence, above mentioned, and the Iredell 
 place, late the residence of Col. W. J. Hicks, corner of 
 Edenton and Dawson streets. The site of the Deaf 
 and Dumb Institution was open, unoccupied land. 
 
 Among the leading business men at that time were 
 Ruftiu Tucker, T. H. Selby, Joshua Lumsden, C. W. D. 
 Hutchings, Wm. T. Bain, Henry J. Brown, Henry 
 Porter, Lewis W. Peck, Wesley Whitaker, Eldridge 
 Smith, Turner & Hughes, Jno. G. Marshal, Jno. 
 Stuart, Wm. W. Ta^dor, Benj. S. King, and Williams 
 & Haywood. John Primrose, father of W. S. Prim- 
 rose, was then in the dry goods business. Thos. B. 
 Oliver was keeping a ready-made clothing house, Jas. 
 Newland had a boot and shoe store, and Bernard 
 Dupuy was conducting a jewelry business. Mr. 
 Dupuy was later succeeded by Mr. Chas. B. Root. 
 
 In these "good old days," when everyone traveled 
 (who traveled at all) by stage-coach, Petersburg, Va., 
 was the northern market in which merchants bought 
 their goods. The time consumed in going to or com- 
 ing from this place was as great as it now takes to go 
 to Boston and return. The only mail and passenger 
 stages from the North via Raleigh left Petersburg on 
 Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 3 a. m. They 
 arrived at Warreuton on the same days at 8 p. m., sev- 
 enteen hours on the road. They left Warrenton at 
 3 o'clock next morning, and were expected to be in 
 Raleigh the same day at (> p. m., covering fifty-five 
 miles in fifteen hours. The travelers and mails go- 
 ing further South left Raleigh on Mondays, Wednes- 
 days and Fridays at 3 a. m., and were to be in Fayette- 
 ville on the same days at 5 p. m. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 113 
 
 EARLY RAILROADS. 
 
 An}' attempt to record the progress of a citv a cen- 
 tury old which should fail to notice the introduction 
 of travel hy the locomotive would be unpardonable. 
 Therefore some reference to the first railroad with 
 which Kaleigh became acquainted may. it is hoped, 
 prove somewhat interesting. 
 
 The capital of the State was fifty years ohl before 
 its population had scarcely exceeded two thousand. 
 Being an inland town, and having communication 
 with the outside world only by stage-coaches and like 
 vehicles, this small number of inhabitants were not 
 unreasonable. But with the advent of ISIO signs of 
 better times appeared, for that year witnessed the 
 completion of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad. The 
 northern terminus was first at Gaston, instead of Wel- 
 don, as in later years. The name of Gaston was given 
 in honor of Judge William Gaston. The completion 
 of the road was hailed by a celebration which lasted 
 for three days. From distant counties men, women 
 and children came to see the new wonders — the State- 
 house, the railroad and locomotive. At night the 
 trees of Capitol Square were illuminated with colored 
 lamps, as well also as Fayetteville street. Gorgeous 
 transparencies could be everywhere seen. One was a 
 representation of a locomotive, another of the State- 
 house. 
 
 The name of the first locomotive was the "Torna- 
 do," which was a one-wheel driver, and without any 
 cab. It reached Raleigh on the 10th of May, 1840. 
 The iron for the track became exhausted when the 
 construction crew were within a few miles of Raleigh, 
 and as the engine was due here on the above date, it 
 ran that distance and safelv into town over the bare 
 
114 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 "stringers." Mr. C. B. Eoot, then but a very young 
 man, had the distinction — together with several other 
 friends — of riding into the city on the tender of the 
 engine, from Crabtree Bridge, three miles distant, 
 where they had gone for that purpose. 
 
 The name, "Tornado," was evidently not without 
 significance, being probably suggested by the great 
 speed the "machine" could make, the schedule time 
 being eighty-six miles (the distance between Raleigh 
 and Gaston) in twelve hours, provided it could be 
 kept on the sills, or "stringers," as the wooden rails 
 were called. These were from fifteen to twenty feet 
 in length and about eight inches in height, to which 
 were nailed strips or bars of iron. On these the cars 
 ran. These strips were of three separate dimensions : 
 two inches by one-half inch, two inches by five-eighths 
 of an inch, and two and one-fourth inches by five- 
 eighths of an inch. 
 
 Frequently the locomotive would jump the track as 
 if attempting to take to the Avoods, leaving the train 
 crew helpless until assisted by the neighboring farm- 
 ers and field hands to place it back on the track. 
 Sometimes the passengers would be forced to get out 
 of the coach — one only of which could be drawn at a 
 time — and push the engine up the hill or grading. 
 
 Mr. Rufus H. Horton (now retired and seventy-six 
 years of age) came on the road as fireman in 1845. 
 His compensation was the munificent sum of six dol- 
 lars per month and "rations." It was a common oc- 
 currence for the engineer to be forced to stop the 
 engine for lack of wood, and to tear down the farmers' 
 fences to get fuel sufficient to get to the next station. 
 
 The names of other engines were equal 1}^ significant 
 as that of the Tornado ; these were, the Tempest, Vol- 
 cano, Whirlwind, and Spitfire. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 115 
 
 "This road," said Turner & Hughes, in their alma- 
 nac of 1841, "is esteemed one of the best in tlie United 
 States." 
 
 The following are the names of some of the early 
 conductors: J. B. Timberlake, Littleton E. Kiggin, 
 Jeptha Horton, Creighton Williams, Thos. G. Arring- 
 ton, the first and last mentioned yet living. Capt. 
 Timberlake, though more than eighty years of age, is 
 still in railroad service, being the ticket agent for the 
 S. A. L. Railroad at Johnson Street Station. Capt. 
 Arrington yet entertains his numerous friends at the 
 Yarborough House. 
 
 The oldest man in the service of the company in 
 Raleigh, is Rufus H. Horton, above mentioned. Dur- 
 ing his fifty-six years in Raleigh no one has been more 
 honored by a large circle of friends, nor held in higher 
 esteem, his life and character having been such as to 
 merit all the consideration that he and his numerous 
 friends could wish. He is now seventy-six years 
 of age. Mr. Horton, after serving for two years as 
 fireman, became an engineer. 
 
 Other old-time engineers were Wortham Newton, 
 Jesse Shaw, Thomas Jenkins, John Cooper, Jno. L. 
 Stone, Alex. Davis, Charles Holleman, Sidney Hin- 
 ton, John Metcalf, Ed. C. White, Jack Sledge, Fab. 
 Beavers, Joe H. Perrs', Jas. Lawrence, Alpheus Fai- 
 son, Mortimer Fleming, John Beckham. Besides 
 Rufus Horton and Jesse Shaw, the two last mentioned 
 are the only survivors. 
 
 In the machine shops in the earlier periods were 
 Albert Johnson, J. B. Gayle, B. R. Harding, Peter 
 Fleming, Sidney Smethurst, Joseph Jackson, Emery 
 Burns, John Utley, H. Clay Johnson, Augustus Per- 
 due, Frederick Rideout, Ed. C. Lougee, Robert Pace, 
 Josiah Willson, Jas. Hollister, Henry Pace, Wm. Hor- 
 
116 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 ton, Jas. Pace, Joe DeCarteret, J. C. S. Lumsden, 
 Jas. West, A. V. Frost. O. D. Lipscomb, Marshall 
 Betts, Harris Yanghan and Anderson Betts were en- 
 gaged in the carpenters' department. 
 
 Among the officers of the road, the following have 
 been President : Wesley Hollister, W. J. Hawkins, 
 L. O'B. Branch, Geo. W. Mordecai, Gaston H. Wilder, 
 R. W. Lassiter; Superintendents: P. A. Dunn, S. S. 
 Royster, W. G. Lewis, A. B. Andrews, J. C. Winder. 
 
 Major W. W. Vass was for nearly half a century the 
 Treasurer. From 1848 till 1851, when the road was 
 owned by the State, he was the President. In the 
 last mentioned year the State disposed of the road to a 
 new organization — the old name of Raleigh and Gas- 
 ton Railroad being retained — and Major Yass was 
 again elected Treasurer. He was a man of honor, 
 and held in the highest esteem whereyer known. He 
 died in 1896. 
 
 Mr. J, B. Martin, until his resignation in 1901, had 
 seryed in Raleigh as Auditor for the old Raleigh and 
 Gaston Railroad, and later as General Auditor for the 
 Seaboard Air Line S^-stem in Portsmouth, Ya. Be- 
 fore his remoyal to the latter place in 1893, he had 
 been a resident of Raleigh for more than a quarter of 
 a century. Here his life had been one of most faith- 
 ful deyotion to duty, and his character a fit model for 
 rising youth. By integrity, industry, indomitable will, 
 together Ayith fidelity to eyery trust, and fulfilling 
 every obligation to society and to his fellow man, he 
 rose to positions such as are occupied but seldom by 
 men other than those possessing these qualities. 
 
 Mr. Martin is again a resident of Raleigh, where he 
 is engaged in business enterprises inyolying the exer- 
 cise of the soundest judgment and intelligence of the 
 highest order. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 117 
 
 In 1840 the population was but 2,240. Among the 
 tailors was T. R. Fentress, who had a shop where the 
 Dime Savings Bank stands. T. C. Jones was the 
 proprietor of a new house of entertainment at the 
 northeast corner of the Capitol Square. Lawrence 
 & Christophers (the latter the father of Mr. C. D. 
 Christophers) were bakers. John H. DeCarteret had 
 a bookbinderv, the first which Raleigh had felt able to 
 support. W. J. Ramsey had a jewelry store, and Mrs. 
 Martha Ann Ramsey was conducting a millinery 
 store. 
 
 The Methodist Female Seminary, under the direc- 
 tion of Rev. Bennett T. Blake, was also then in a flour- 
 ishing condition. This was on Hillsboro street, be- 
 tween Dawson and McDowell. Later principals of 
 this school were Rev. D. R. Bruton, Rev. W. E. Pell, 
 Rev. Mr. Christian, and perhaps others. 
 
 The "Raleigh Guards,'' about this time was the 
 name of a flourishing military company; it was under 
 the command of Captain Lucas. 
 
 REMOVAL OF THE OLD MARKET. 
 
 It was about the year 1840 tliat the market was re- 
 moved from Hargett street to its present location. 
 When on that street the structure was but a mere 
 shed. It was situated in the centre of that thorough- 
 fare between Wilmington and Fayetteville streets, 
 facing west, with a narrow driveway on either side, 
 the same as the present market building. Much ex- 
 citement was occasioned by the agitation of the ques- 
 tion of its removal, the saloon keepers and others who 
 had places of business contiguous, naturally fearing 
 
118 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 that such action would bring to them serious business 
 loss. The matter was put to a popular vote, resulting 
 in the defeat of those opposing the removal. The vic- 
 tors desired to celebrate the event, and accordingly or- 
 ganized a torchlight procession, in which a large num- 
 ber of the people joined. On the night of the "jubi- 
 lee," while the procession was passing through Har- 
 gett street, some one threw a stone which struck a 
 member of the saloon faction, whereupon a riot at once 
 followed. Blows with bottles, bricks and sticks were 
 freely exchanged, but with one exception no injuries 
 were sustained. Jack Buffaloe received a slight 
 wound with a knife in the hands of some unknown 
 opponent. 
 
 The conditions existing about the bar-rooms and in 
 the dens around the old market constituted the prin- 
 cipal reason for the better element of society being 
 anxious for the change. The locality was then called 
 "Grog Alley" — Wilmington street, between Hargett 
 and Martin, was known as "Cologne." 
 
 Raleigh had no police force at that period, a town 
 constable — who, at this time, was Jas. Murray — being 
 all the protection, in that respect, the city had — the 
 night watch, composed of private citizens, not going 
 on duty till 9 p. m. 
 
 After the destruction of the old market building on 
 Hargett street, a new one was erected on Fayetteville, 
 and on tlie present site. The structure was a small 
 affair, though it had a hall above for public enter- 
 tainments. It had not, however, any rooms devoted 
 to offices for city officials. Indeed, all the officers the 
 city had, besides the commissioners (as the aldermen 
 were then called), were the mayor, clerk and town 
 constable, the clerk performing the functions of tax- 
 collector. The mayor's office was compelled to do 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 119 
 
 duty for this entire business. This was in a small 
 brick structure in the rear of the market, and fronted 
 on Wilmington street. In the rear of this room was 
 the "guard-house," as it was popularly termed. 
 
 Before the removal of the market from Hargett 
 street, Eldridge Smith, J. J. Christophers and Shad- 
 rach Weddon were the only butchers. It is stated on 
 the authority of one of the older inhabitants that the 
 demand for fresh beef was so meagre, and the popula- 
 tion small, that before the slaughtering of any ani- 
 mals was undertaken, the butchers, from time to time, 
 would call on the people and take their orders, that 
 the former might accommodate the supply of fresh 
 meats to the demand. 
 
 Among others remembered by the older inhabitants, 
 was W. J. Griflhce, who kept a confectionery shop in 
 a little house, which is yet standing on the corner of 
 Morgan and Salisbury streets. He came here in 1840. 
 He was a devout man, a consistent member of Eden- 
 ton Street Methodist Church, and had many friends. 
 He was the first cand}^ manufacturer Raleigh had 
 ever known. 
 
 Bartlett Upchurch, in the early forties, came here 
 to engage in the business of coach-making. He estab- 
 lished a shop on East Hargett street, where he con- 
 tinued to the time of his death in 1857. He was a 
 brother of Wm. G. Upchurch. 
 
 Alfred Upchurch, brother of Wm. C. and Bartlett 
 Upchurch, came later, and after serving an appren- 
 ticeship in coach-making under his brother Bartlett, 
 engaged in business for himself, which he conducted 
 with success throughout the greater part of his life. 
 
120 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 He died a few years ago, at an advanced age. Mr. Up- 
 ehureh represented at one time his ward in the city 
 council. 
 
 Wiley W. Johnson and Jno. R. Harrison in 1848 had 
 then formed a co-partnership for the manufacture of 
 carriages, buggies and wagons. Their place of busi- 
 ness was at the old Clark Shop, corner of Morgan and 
 McDowell streets. Afterwards Mr. Johnson con- 
 tinued the business alone, on the site of the Trade 
 Building on Wilmington street, and Mr. Harrison had 
 gone into the manufacture of cars for the N. O. Rail- 
 road. His shop was immediately west of West street. 
 Later, Messrs. W. David Williams and N. S. Harp, 
 John O'Rourke and Thomas Jenkins also embarked 
 in the business of coach-making. 
 
 The late Jas. H. Enniss accompanied Peter F. Pes- 
 cud from Petersburg here in 1844. Mr. Enniss for a 
 long time was a clerk in the store of the Stiths. He 
 afterwards made his home in Salisbury, but returned 
 to Raleigh in 1869, where he resided until his death 
 in 1900. He was a man of very superior intelligence, 
 and for a long time the publisher of the N. C. Al- 
 manac. 
 
 John R. Whitaker in 1844 had opened a dr^' goods, 
 hardware and grocery store, W. J. Clarke was prac- 
 ticing law, and W. H. & C. Grimme had opened a 
 dry goods and grocery store on the corner of Fayette- 
 ville and Hargett streets. S. W. Whiting (father of 
 Whiting Bros., proprietors of the popular clothing 
 house of that name), was agent of the Aetna Fire In- 
 surance Company. T. H. Snow had then been added to 
 the list of Fayetteville street merchants, and Jas. 
 Litchford and Burbon Smith were conducting a tailor- 
 ing business. C. C. Nelson Avas selling dry goods. 
 
 The ''Italeigh Fire Company" was organized in 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 121 
 
 1844. Two of the officers were C. B. Root, Captain ; 
 William C. Upchiirch, Treasurer. Both of these pub- 
 lic-spirited citizens are yet living. They are referred 
 to more fuUv elsewhere in this work. 
 
 OLD-TIME COMMON OR "FREE SCHOOLS." 
 
 While the private schools of Raleigh were, as a rule, 
 of a high order, the "free schools," as the common or 
 public schools Avere sometimes opprobriously termed, 
 were confined to the lower grades of study — reading, 
 writing and arithmetic. The school-houses here were 
 built about 1841, Fayetteville and Halifax streets be- 
 ing the dividing line between two districts. The 
 Eastern Ward school-house was in Moore Square, 
 usually known as the "Baptist Grove" ; the Western, 
 on William Bo^'lan's land, immediately west of the 
 land of Silvester Smith. This latter was abandoned 
 in a year or two, and another built on the southwest 
 corner o'f Cabarrus and McDowell streets, and known 
 as the Gum Spring school. After a few years a third, 
 designed for females only, was built at the northwest 
 corner of the old City Cemetery. The Cabarrus and 
 McDowell street house was sold to the Gas Company 
 in 1858, and another erected in Nash Square. Sub- 
 sequently the school was taught in an old field (on 
 which now stands a block of residences) immediately 
 west of the residence of Mr. C. S. Allen, on West 
 Hargett street. Our venerable and highly esteemed 
 citizen, Mr. E. B. Thomas, now eighty-one years of 
 age, was the teacher for two years or more. The 
 Eastern Ward school, in the "Baptist Grove," was 
 taught by ^Mr. Wm. T. Womble. He now has a private 
 9 
 
122 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 school, for boys, and uses the "rod," it is said, as freely 
 as in the "good old days." 
 
 "It was not at all uncommon," says the North 
 Carolina historian, Mr. Stephen B. Weeks, in com- 
 menting on the old-time "free school," "to find 
 the school-houses without ground or loft floors, 
 and with chimneys built of sticks and dirt. Fuel 
 was supplied by brush, which the children were 
 sent out every few hours to gather; and about the 
 fire there was a perpetual scramble for the inside 
 position, while the young men and women and 
 older children ciphered out of doors in the sun, 
 forming very social but not studious little parties on 
 the sunny side of surrounding trees." Continuing, 
 Mr. Weeks says: "The large majority of teachers in- 
 structed only in the elementarj^ branches of spelling, 
 reading, writing and arithmetic. English grammar 
 was not taught, perhaps, in a majority of the schools, 
 and geography, as a general thing, was an unknowu 
 science. The teacher, in most cases a law unto him- 
 self and a neighborhood oracle, knew little of the 
 methods of his brethren in other places, and never re- 
 garded himself as an element of a general system; and 
 his progress was only in the mechanical art of writing. 
 The method of teaching Avas extremely primitive — to 
 look on the book and make a decent droning noise of 
 any kind, not out of the common key, would insure 
 immunity from the all-potent rod. There were no 
 lectures, few explanations, no oral instruction — to 
 get through the book was the great end, and to whip 
 well the paramount means." 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 123 
 
 (\ DISTINGUISHED GUEST. 
 
 No event that had ever occurred in the history of 
 Raleigh was hailed with so much joy, or aroused 
 more enthusiasm, than the visit, in April, 1844, of 
 Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President. Thou- 
 sands of people came from various i)arts of the State 
 to do honor to the statesman. The hotels were all 
 full, as were the boarding-houses, and more than a 
 thousand persons camped out, in the suburbs "of the 
 city, having journeyed their way to Raleigh in wag- 
 ons — a great number of them many miles — in full ex- 
 pectation of caring for themselves while here in this 
 manner. Four or five acres were closely studded 
 with vehicles of every description, with baggage wag 
 ons and tents of every form and variety. 
 
 Mr. Clay arrived on the 12th of April, at 7 o'clock in 
 the evening, under escort of a committee who had 
 gone to meet him, accompanied by Capt. Stith's Cav- 
 alry, Capt. Lucas' infantry, and the Committee of 
 Reception. On his arrival here, Hon. Geo. E. Bad- 
 ger delivered an address of welcome, after which Mr, 
 Clay was escorted to the Governor's ''Palace," where 
 he was introduced to the Chief Executive. Later, he 
 was escorted to the residence of Mr. Badger, at whose 
 home he was the guest during his sojourn here. 
 
 On the next day a procession formed at the Capitol 
 Square at 11 o'clock. It then moved to the Govern- 
 or's "Palace," where Mr. Clay was received in an 
 open carriage, drawn by four gray horses, and escorted 
 to the capitol. Here, after being introduced to the 
 vast assemblage of people present, he delivered an 
 address of two hours length. 
 
 Then followed a big barbecue at Bennehan's Grove. 
 Mr. T. H. Snow, who was orderly sergeant of the Ra- 
 
124 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 leigli Guards, was chairman of the committee of ar- 
 rangements. (Benuehan's Grove was on the square or 
 block bounded by Morgan, Bloodworth, Blount and 
 Hargett streets.) 
 
 At night the city was illuminated in honor of this 
 event and a grand display of fireworks was wit- 
 
 RUFUIS H. HOKKiN. 
 
 Veteran locomotive engineer; aged seventy-six years. 
 
 nessed, under the direction of the late Col. W. H. H. 
 Tucker. 
 
 The next da}^, being Sunday, Mr. Clay attended di- 
 vine worship at Edenton Street Methodist Church. 
 
 An interesting incident of Mr. Clay's visit was the 
 presentation to him, by Miss Lucilla Harriss, of Gran- 
 ville county, of a beautiful silk vest pattern, ''of her 
 own nuinufacture, from t\w. cocoon to the beautiful 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 125 
 
 fabric, with the request that lie should wear it 
 when he shall deliver his inaugural address on the 4th 
 of March, 1845, as President of the United States." 
 
 Mr. Clay received the vest with many thanks, most 
 heartily and delicately expressed, and said that if he 
 lived and should be the choice of the people for the 
 Presidency, he would be too glad to comply with the 
 request. He then turned and exhibited the vest to the 
 audience, who "applauded in rapturous peals of grat- 
 ulation" — as one enthusiastic supporter of the Whig 
 candidate expressed it. 
 
 The distinguished guest left Kaleigh Monday for 
 Petersburg, under escort of a special committee from 
 that city. 
 
 It will be remembered that it was in Raleigh that 
 Mr. Clay wrote the ill-fated letter opposing the annex- 
 ation of Texas to the United States, which it was 
 thouaht defeated him for the Presidencv. 
 
 Puffin Tucker, in 1S4G was still one of the leading 
 merchants. W. H. II. Tucker, his eldest son, was then 
 received by his father as a partner, and the firm of 
 R. Tucker & Son conducted their affairs with success, 
 until its dissolution by the death of the senior partner 
 on the 9th April, 185i, when W. H. H. Tucker united 
 his two younger brothers, Rufus S. and the late Dr. 
 J. J. W. Tucker, with him, the latter as a silent part- 
 ner, under the name of W. H. & R. S. Tucker. Under 
 this name they continued their pursuits with undimin- 
 ished energy, but with an unavoidable cessation of 
 two years during the Civil War. After the death of 
 the senior partner, W. H. H. Tucker, in 1882, Major 
 R. S. Tucker continued the business until 1883, when 
 he retired, succeeded by ^lessrs. Bovlan, McKimmon, 
 
126 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Dobbin aud Poe, the new firm retaining the old firm 
 name of W. H. & R. S. Tncker & Co. After several 
 changes in the personelle of the firm, in 1898 W. H. & 
 R. S. Tucker & Co. dissolved, and the business has 
 since been continued by T. W. Dobbin and Jos. F. 
 Ferrall as Dobbin & Ferrall. 
 
 Mr. Henry S. Wilton, who died but recently, had 
 moved among us continually for more than half a cen- 
 tury, and at his death was eighty-three years of age. 
 He came to Ealeigh in the early forties. For many 
 years he worked in the car shops of the old Raleigh 
 and Gaston Railroad, where he was engaged as decora- 
 tor of fine coaches at the time when the compau}^ con- 
 structed most of its own property of that character. 
 Mr. Wilton was a man of spotless character, and had 
 many friends. 
 
 A prominent resident of the old days was Major 
 John Devereux, who was born in Raleigh in 1819. He 
 was a son of Thos. P. Devereux, Esq., and was gradu- 
 ated with distinction at Yale College in 1840. During 
 the Civil War he was Assistant Quartermaster of 
 State troops, and to his skill and energy was due the 
 fact, it is said, of North Carolina soldiers having been 
 better clothed and fed than any others of the Army of 
 Northern Virginia. In early life he married Margaret 
 Mordecai, a descendant of Col. Joel Lane, and a daugh- 
 ter of Moses ]Mordecai,whowas a noted Raleigh lawyer 
 in his day. Major Devereux was an upright man. He 
 died in April. 1893. His widow is yet living, noTV 
 seventy-nine years of age, and much beloved by a widtJ 
 circle of friends. 
 
 Patrick G. Linehan was another old-time inhabi- 
 tant. He settled among us in 1849. He was one of 
 the sturdiest and most industrious of men, and in his 
 lifetime proved of much usefulness to the people. By 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 127 
 
 trade lie was a stone-mason ; he became largelj" inter- 
 ested in quarrying, and was the contractor for the 
 masonry of many important enterprises, principally 
 bridge building on the various lines of railroads in the 
 State. An enduring monument to his skill was the 
 foundation of the present Post Office Building, the 
 corner-stone of which was laid in 1874, on which occa- 
 sion Hon. John Nichols, then Grand Master Mason of 
 the State, conducted the Masonic ceremonies. Mr. 
 W. A. Linehau, of the clothing firm of Cross & Line- 
 han, is Mr. Linehan's eldest son. 
 
 Mr. Robert Dobbin, the veteran shoemaker, has been 
 a resident for more than half a century. He came 
 here in 1848, since which time he has been one of our 
 staunchest citizens and most honorable men. His 
 first work was for O. L. Burch, who kept a shop on 
 Fayetteville street. Although now seventy-five years 
 of age, Mr. Dobbin still works with that clock-like 
 regularity that has characterized him through life. 
 No better man can any city claim than Robert Dobbin. 
 
 In 1845 another hotel was added to the numl)er of 
 houses of entertainment. This was the Washington 
 Hotel. It was situated on East Morgan street, on 
 the site now occupied by the shops of Building Con- 
 tractors Bonniwell & Coffey. It was then kept by 
 Alfred M. Lewis, who was afterward succeeded by 
 Frank King, and later by Robert Perry. Subse- 
 quently the house grew into disrepute, and was then 
 known as the "Buttermilk Tavern.'' 
 
 The Spirit of the Age, n great temperance ])aper, 
 made its appearance in 1848. It was published by 
 Alexander jNF. (lorman, an editorial writer of force 
 and influence. At one time this paper was one of the 
 State's leading journals. The last number was pub- 
 lished in 18G2. Mr. (Jormau died about the close of 
 the war, aged fifty-three years. 
 
128 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 At this period (1848) Oliver and Proctor were con- 
 ducting a tailoring business, and Jas. McKimmon 
 (father of Mr. Chas. McKimmon, of the firm of Boy- 
 Ian, Pearce & Co.), Alexander Creech, T. H. Selby, 
 J. G. B. Roulhac, the Stiths, Samuel H. Young, Henry 
 L. Evans, Heartt & Litchford, John Primrose, Jas. M. 
 Towles, were the leading dry goods merchants. C. B. 
 Root and Palmer <& Ramsay were continuing their 
 jeAvelry business, while Turner & Hughes and W. L. 
 Pomeroy were booksellers. W. G. Lougee (father of 
 the late Louis O. Lougee) was the proprietor of the 
 only tinware business in Raleigh. 
 
 In 1855 J. P. Adams and Joseph Watson had 
 opened shops for making and repairing shoes. Henry 
 Porter had ceased working at the bench, and was con- 
 ducting a boot and shoe store on Fayetteville street. 
 
 About this time in Raleigh's historj^ Phil. Thiem 
 came here to make his future home. He opened a 
 confectionery and toy store on Fayetteville street, 
 which he conducted until the breaking out of the 
 Civil War, when he engaged with A. W. Fraps in the 
 manufacture of munitions of war for the Confederate 
 government. In 1864 he married Miss Annie Brown, 
 a daughter of Henry J. Brown. Mr. Thiem was a 
 modest, retiring man, an honorable gentleman, and 
 one whose friends were legion. He was a Mason and 
 Odd Fellow of prominence. He died in 18-9, aged 
 seventy-two years. 
 
 Silas Burns was the first man to open an iron foun- 
 dry in Raleigh. He came here in the forties, and in. 
 his day proved himself a man of much usefulness to 
 our people. The iron fence, which until of late sur- 
 rounded the capitol, was moulded at his foundry. 
 This, with his extensive machine shops, was on the site 
 of Allen & Cram's shops, who now conduct a similar 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH, 129 
 
 business. Mr. Fleming Bates, now seventy-two years 
 of age, was for a long time, just before the Civil War, 
 a partner with Mr. Burns. 
 
 The census of 1850 gave the number of inhabitants 
 of Raleigh as only 4,518. This is not strange, for we 
 had no cotton market, and although half a century 
 had elapsed since the invention of the cotton-gin, still 
 only enough of the fleecy staple was grown to supply 
 the demands of the grower. This was made into 
 "homespun'' goods by the use of hand-cards, the 
 spinning-wheel and the loom, which were found in the 
 homes of all thrifty country people. Little wonder 
 then that the population lagged, for it is largely by the 
 growth of cotton and its manufacture that we are now 
 maintained, especially so in the absence of a better 
 market for tobacco. 
 
 John Malone was at this time a Avell known factor 
 in Raleigh's business affairs, from the fact that he 
 was a colored num and owner of a livery stable, and 
 conducted a hack line to various points. His stables 
 were on the corner of Blount and Davie streets. He 
 was the father-in-law of the late Jas. H. Han-is, th<} 
 colored politician. 
 
 (q NEW IMPETUS. 
 
 The decade from 1850 to 1860 was one of the most 
 prosperous since the establishment of the State Gov- 
 ernment at the city of Raleigh. During that period 
 many public enterprises were commenced, and rapid 
 progress in the development in the State's resources 
 had been made. The handsome building for the edu- 
 cation of the Deaf, Dumb and the Blind had been com- 
 pleted and occupied; the Insane Asylum (now the 
 
130 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Central Hospital for the Insane) had been established 
 and the buildings erected; a fine female school had 
 been established by the Methodists on Hillsboro 
 street; St. Mary's School, which had been in success- 
 ful operation for ten years or more, had been greatly 
 improved; the North Carolina Railroad had been 
 built from Goldsboro to Charlotte, making connec- 
 tion Avith other railroads on the south and east; con- 
 nection had been made with the Wilmington & Wel- 
 don Railroad and the Raleigh & Gaston road by build- 
 ing the connection between Gaston and Weldon; the 
 Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad was completed 
 from Goldsboro to Morehead City, thus connecting 
 the Atlantic^ Ocean on the east with the mountains on 
 the west. The North Carolina State Agricultural 
 Society was organized during this decade, and the first 
 State Fair was held in 1853; gas works were estab- 
 lished and Raleigh was first lighted with gas in Octo- 
 ber, 1858; the public school system was thoroughly 
 reorganized, and the first Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction was elected by the Legislature at the session 
 of 1852-'53. 
 
 Dr. Edward C. Fisher, who was a Virginian by 
 birth, was the first Superintendent of the Insane Asy- 
 lum, and W. D. Cooke the first Principal of the Deaf 
 and Dumb Institution. Dr. Jas. McKee is now the 
 Superintendent of the former and Mr. Jno. E. Ray 
 the Principal of the latter institution. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Christian was the Principal of the Raleigh 
 Female Seminary. 
 
 The first President of the North Carolina Railroad 
 was Jno. M. Morehead. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 131 
 
 It was in 1850 that Hon. John Nichols came to Ra- 
 leigh from his countrj home near Eagle Rock, in this 
 county. Here he at once engaged as an apprentice 
 in the printing department of the Institution for the 
 Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. Subsequently he was 
 the foreman of the office, and later became the Princi- 
 pal of the Institution. In the seventies he was the 
 senior member of the firm of Nichols, Gorman and 
 Neathery, a printing house of Raleigh widely known 
 throughout the State. Mr. Nichols has held many po- 
 sitions of honor and trust, prominent among which 
 have been postmaster of Raleigh and Representative 
 in Congress, in all of which he served with fidelity. 
 He has been a most worthy and useful citizen. 
 
 Hon. Kemp Plummer Battle was for many years a 
 resident of Raleigh. He came here about the year 
 1852, and commenced the practice of law, and built up 
 a lucrative practice. Afterwards he was State Treas- 
 urer. When the State University was re-organized, 
 Mr. Battle became its President, and at present he 
 fills the Chair of History, for which he is so eminently 
 qualified. He is a man of fine literary attainments, 
 and few men have contributed more to the history of 
 Raleigh and the State than he. Mr. Battle is a man 
 of high social attainments, agreeable manners, and 
 one of the most beloved men in the State. 
 
 St. Mary's Seminary (now St. INIary's College) has 
 been noticed at length in considering matters edu- 
 cational. 
 
 The Raleigh Gas Works were constructed by Messrs. 
 Waterhouse and Bowes in 1858, for the Raleigh Gas 
 Company. INFr. BoAves is still living among us, hon- 
 ored and respected by our whole people. He is now 
 in his seventy-ninth year, yet hale and hearty, and one 
 of the most companionable of men. He is still ac- 
 
132 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 tivel}' engaged in business, being a partner, in the 
 plumbing business, with Mr. Theodore Keuster on 
 South Salisbury street. 
 
 The late Wm. H. High, who for many years was 
 Sheriff of Wake, was another resident of early times. 
 He was a man much beloved by everybody. Contem- 
 poraneous with Mr. High was Col. W. P. Askew, the 
 late W. H. Holleman and J. W. B. Watson, all of 
 whom were men of property and influence, as were 
 John C. Moore (father-in-law of Col. Askew), the late 
 Jas. M. Harris, Jefferson Fisher, and Col. J. P. H. 
 Russ. All of these were men of prominence in Ra- 
 leigh and Wake County in the fifties. 
 
 Dr. Richard B. Haywood, in 1850 had joined the 
 ranks of practicing physicians, and before his death 
 was among the ablest practitioners in his profession. 
 At one time he was honored with the Presidency of 
 the State Medical Society. 
 
 Dr. E. Burke Haywood was also then winning dis- 
 tinction. He soon became one of the most eminent 
 surgeons in the State. 
 
 Dr. Wm. H. McKee was also in full practice. He 
 was an able phj^sician and distinguished for his benev- 
 olence, which secured for him the love and honor of 
 the needy poor. 
 
 Another prominent physician at that period, and 
 who was enjoving a good practice, was Dr. Wm. G. 
 Hill. 
 
 Dr. Chas. E. Johnson had then been a resident of 
 Raleigh live years, coming here from the east, where 
 he had acquired a good practice in Bertie and Chowan 
 counties. He, too, was a physician of distinction, 
 and noted for his charitable disposition. 
 
 Dr. F. J. Haywood is noticed elsewhere, — among 
 the earlier inhabitants. 
 
 I 
 
HISTORICAL RACEIGH. 13-5 
 
 Dr. McKee was the father of Dr. Jas. McKee, Su- 
 perintendent of the Central Hospital for the Insane. 
 Among Dr. Johnson's descendants are Mr. Chas. E. 
 Johnson, of the well known firm of Messrs. Thompson 
 & Johnson, cotton exporters, and Mr. J. I. Johnson^ 
 the prominent Fayetteville street pharmacist. Messrs. 
 Marshall DeLancey, Graham and Sherwood Haywood 
 are among the descendants of Dr. Richard B. Hay- 
 wood. The late Theophilus H. Hill, the famous North 
 Carolina poet, Avas a son of Dr. Hill. Messrs. A. W., 
 Ernest, and Dr. Hubert Haywood are among the de- 
 scendants of Dr. E. Burke Haywood. The surviving 
 children of Dr. F. J. Haywood are Dr. F. J., Jr., 
 Jos. A. and J. P. Haywood. 
 
 The Yarborough House was not opened to the trav- 
 eling public till 1852 — the need of a swell hotel of this 
 character not hitherto having been felt. In that year, 
 however, a stock company, with a capital of |20,000, 
 was formed, for the purpose of erecting this building. 
 The stockholders were. Major Moses A. Bledsoe, Jerry 
 Nixon, Dabney Cosby and Edward Yarborough. The 
 hotel was placed under the management of the latter 
 gentleman, and for this reason was designated the 
 Yarborough House. ]Mr. Yarborough, prior to this 
 time, had been proprietor of the Guion Hotel (the 
 present Agricultural Building). 
 
 K. R. Weathers Avas then a large grocery merchant, 
 doing business on Exchange Place. He was a man 
 of piety and charitable impulses, and had a great 
 many friends. At one time he was a man of consider- 
 able means. He was the father of Mrs. J. B. Martin 
 and Mr. K. W. Weathers, of Raleigh, Mrs. Emma 
 Jones, of Kernersville, N. C, and Mr. C. M. Weath 
 ers, of Richmond, Va. 
 
 Henrv Fendt, so long and well known to our older 
 
134 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 citizens, and yet living, has been a resident for half 
 a centuiy, coming here from Germany in 1852. He 
 first clerked in the confectionery store of F. Mahler, 
 and later worked for Peter Seilig, who kept a small 
 music store in a little wooden building on the site of 
 the Fisher Building. Subsequently Mr, Fendt went 
 into the confectionery business, and for a long time 
 was the only merchant, besides Williams & Haywood, 
 who kept a soda-fountain in the city. 
 
 M. Grausman became a resident of Raleigh about 
 the 3'ear 1855, and soon became a leading business 
 man. He was a merchant tailor, and had his store 
 on the site now occupied by jNI. M. Smith as a book- 
 store. Mr. Grausman was a man noted for his learn- 
 ing and purity of character, and had many friends. 
 He died in 1892. The sons and daughters surviving 
 him are Dr. Philip Grausman, of New York; Mr. M. 
 Grausman, Mrs. Hannah Rosenthal and Mrs. Helen 
 Elias, residents of Raleigh. 
 
 HOW THE MILITARY WERE TRAPPED BY (\ 
 HOTEL MAN. 
 
 The martial spirit of the young men was quite as 
 prominent in ante-bellum days as now. At this pe- 
 riod (1856) two military companies flourished — the 
 "Oak City Guards'' and the "Independent Guards'' — 
 and of one or the other nearly every young man was 
 a member. Shortly after their organization these 
 companies were invited to Haw River (a station on 
 the North Carolina Railroad) by one General Trollin- 
 ger, who had just completed a big hotel at that place, 
 to join in the banquet with which the opening of the 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 135 
 
 house was to be celebrated. The boys accepted and 
 went off in high giee. They arrived in proper time 
 and in good shape for the festivities, in which latter 
 they all indulged to a degree. After supper each one 
 of the guests was called upon for one dollar as com- 
 
 J. KUFFIN Wli^LIAMS. 
 
 The veteran pharmacist; aged eighty-three years. 
 
 pensation to the host for his spread, whicli many re- 
 fused to pay. The incident was the occasion of the 
 following rhyme, which was afterwards sung on the 
 streets by every boy in town : 
 
 "The Independent Guards went off on a spree. 
 
 Up to General Trollinger's to get their supper free ; 
 When they got their supper they had it all to buy, 
 And had to pay a dollar or ' root hog or die.' " ' 
 
136 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 The first planiug-iiiill Ealeigli had ever known was 
 erected in the hitter part of the fifties by Dr. T. D. 
 Hogg and Robert Haywood. It was situated in the 
 northwest portion of tlie city, near the tanlis of the 
 Standard Oil Company. Until this time all weather- 
 boarding, flooring and trimmings were planed by 
 hand. Briggs & Dodd were soon competitors of this 
 enterprise, and the former, after a year or two, went 
 out of business. 
 
 Now and then there leaves his rural home some 
 young man, who, recognizing the many advantages 
 for development in a city, not found in a less thickly 
 settled community, comes hither, and by industry and 
 integrity hews his way to the front and leaves his im- 
 press for good on generations jet to come. In 1856 
 one such as this — then a mere lad — came to Ealeigh. 
 This was Neeclham B. Broughton, whose father died 
 when he was but seven years of age. His widowed 
 mother succeeded to the sole care of seven small chil- 
 dren — four sons and three daughters. Needham was 
 the fifth child, and his mother placed him, in earl}' 
 life, in a printing office to be trained to the art of 
 printing, and how well he learned it results have 
 shown. In 1872 he united with Mr. C. B. Edwards 
 in the establishment of a book and job printing office, 
 which is now one of the largest and most complete 
 printing concerns in the South. 
 
 In church and Sunday School work Mr. Broughton 
 has no superior. A deacon in the Raleigh Baptist 
 Tabernacle, in all the efforts made b}^ this church to 
 attain its present prominence he has always been in 
 the lead. He is tlie Superintendent of the Sunday 
 School of that church, Secretary of the Bajitist State 
 Convention, Trustee of Wake Forest College and of 
 the Baptist Female University, besides holding many 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 137 
 
 other positions of honor and trust. For many years 
 he has stood in the front rank with those who have 
 labored and are still laboring for the moral, relig- 
 ious and educational advancement of our city. But 
 his efforts in this direction have not been confined 
 wholly to Raleigh — other sections of the State, yea, 
 the State itself, have shared the benefits of his zeal 
 and ability, put forth for the furtherance of the xerj 
 best interests of our people. Possessed of strong con- 
 victions, and being a man of undaunted moral and 
 physical courage, he has always planted himself firmly 
 against the evil and in favor of the good. He pursues 
 no temporizing policy — you always know where to 
 find him whenever the forces of good and evil range 
 themselves for battle; with pen and tongue and purse 
 he boldly takes his position, and no soldier performs 
 more valuable service than he for au}^ cause in which 
 he engages. 
 
 Mr. Richard H. Battle for more than a generation 
 has been prominently identified with Raleigh, having 
 been a resident since 1862, when he was appointed by 
 Gov. Z. B. Vance as his private secretary. Two years 
 later he was appointed to the ofiice of Secretary of 
 State by the same authority, to fill the vacancy occa- 
 sioned by the resignation of Hon. Sam'l F. Phillips. 
 He has filled many other positions of honor and trust, 
 and in them all proved faithful, ^fr. Battle was 
 born in Louisburg in 1835. He married in 1860 An- 
 nie Ruffin, daughter of Hon. Thos. S. Ashe, a lady of 
 rare endowments of mind and person. She died in 
 1883. 
 
 One of Raleigh's staunchest inhabitants of more re- 
 cent times was E. F. Wyatt. He came to Raleigli 
 more than forty years ago, and continued here his 
 
 10 
 
138 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 residence until his death in 1901. He was a saddler 
 and harness-maker, and under the firm name of E. F. 
 Wyatt & Son conducted successfully a business of 
 this character on East Martin street. Although of 
 unassuming manner and modest disposition, he was 
 a man of exalted character and sterling qualities. At 
 his death he was eighty-one years of age. 
 
 Mr. Pulaski Cowper, who died some months ago, 
 was one of the prominent citizens of Raleigh. He 
 came here to reside in 1855. He was of a most genial 
 disposition and much beloved by everyone who knew 
 him personally. A man of fine literary attainments, 
 he left many valuable productions of his pen. At the 
 time of his death he was President of the North Caro- 
 lina Home Insurance Company, and theretofore held 
 many other positions of honor and trust. 
 
 Of those who came among us at this period, and is 
 pleasantly remembered by a wide circle of friends, 
 was Samuel Parish. For some time his business was 
 that of a carriage-painter, but later he opened a busi- 
 ness for house and sign painting. He was a very 
 superior workman and a good citizen. He was the 
 father of Ex-Alderman Walter Parish. 
 
 Jno. B. Neathery, who died in 1894, had been a resi- 
 dent of Raleigh since 1861, and held many positions of 
 responsibility. He was a man of fine literary attain- 
 ments, and possessed as he was of a fund of wit and 
 humor, his writings were always instructive and en- 
 tertaining. He was one of the most companionable 
 of men and universally popular. He served as county 
 treasurer for several years. 
 
 Few men were better known than Jno. C. Gorman. 
 He was printer, journalist and soldier. Before his 
 death he had been a member of the General Assembly, 
 Mayor of Raleigh, and was at one time Adjutant-Gen- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 139 
 
 eral of the State. While serving as captain in the 
 Civil War, he wrote many newspaper articles ''from 
 the front," which were pronounced the ecjual of "ivus- 
 sell," the war correspondent of the London Times. 
 No braver man or truer friend has lived in Kaleigh 
 than Jno. C. Gorman. He died in Washington, D. C, 
 in 1892. 
 
 In 1858 Lynn Adams and Will ford Upchurch were 
 in the grocery business on the south side of Exehaugo 
 Place — Mr. Adams on the site now occupied by tlic 
 store of G. S. Tucker & Co., Mr. Upchurch on the 
 corner where W. H. King & Co.'s drugstore is situated. 
 Mr. Len H. Adams, one of Kaleigli's most highly re- 
 spected citizens and business men, came to the capital 
 at this time and worked in the store of Lynn Adams. 
 Mr. Upchurch and Mr. Lytlh Adams were among the 
 leading merchants in their day. ^Many of their de- 
 scendants are still living among us. Mr. Upchurch 
 was the father of the late jMr. Iv. G. Upcluirch, for a 
 long time the very popular and efficient city auditor. 
 Mr. Thomas Adams, the popular mail -carrier, is a son 
 of Lynn Adams. 
 
 Isaac Oettinger, one of the most popular and kind- 
 hearted Hebrews who ever lived in Ilaleigh, in 1800 
 was selling dry goods on Fayetleville street. Later 
 he opened a millinery business, which he conducted 
 very successfully for many years. 
 
 At this period the post-office was in an old wooden 
 building occupying the site of Rerwanger Bros. Cloth- 
 ing House. The postmaster was Geo. T. Cooke — the 
 clerks, Chas. H. Belvin and the late Thos. Jenkins. 
 
 Alexander Creech was a prominent merchant of the 
 old times, and a man of great energy and pluck. 
 Starting in 1855 in the dry goods business on small 
 capital, he soon ranked high and was afterwards 
 
140 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 known as the "merchant prince." He was a very 
 friendly man, and would rather suffer imposition 
 than contend with an adversary. Good natured, kind 
 and gentle to everyone, he is pleasantly remembered 
 by a host of friends of the old days. He died in 1894, 
 aged sixty-nine years. 
 
 Jas. J. Litchford was contemporaneous with Mr. 
 Creech, and at one time was his partner in business. 
 Honest and upright in character, James Litchford 
 was a man who had the entire confidence of all with 
 whom he had dealing. He Avas a prominent Odd 
 Fellow, and for many years Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge. At his death he was sixty-five years of age. 
 Messrs. Henry E. and Jas. O, Litchford are his only 
 surviving sons. The former is cashier of the Citizens 
 National Bank, and the latter occupies a like position 
 with the Raleigh Savings Bank. 
 
 Although the population of Raleigh in 1860 was but 
 4,780, yet the culture and refinements of the capital 
 city seemed to justify the opening of a floral business. 
 This was done by Messrs. Hamilton & Carter, who 
 embarked in this enterprise on the block bounded by 
 Morgan, Blount, Person and Hargett streets. It was 
 a small affair, and suited the times, but bore no com- 
 parison to the establishment of Mr. Steinmetz, which 
 is now conducted so creditably on the northern 
 suburbs of the city. 
 
 Havens & Andrews were in copartnership as photo- 
 graphic artists, and advertised they were taking a new 
 style of picture known as "the melainotype, for fifty 
 cents upward." Andrews was also a portrait painter 
 of fin(^ talent. 
 
 Raleigh now enjoyed the distinction of having a 
 "iiiinernl spring." It was in the vicinity of Smith- 
 field and East streets, and was owned by J. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 141 
 
 H. Kirkliam. Season tickets sold for three dollars. 
 Of course the water would cure "any disease which 
 flesh was heir to." The enterprise soon failed. 
 
 J. B. Franklin had found that a new bakery was 
 in demand, and John Maunder was conducting a pros- 
 perous marble yard. Strother & Marcom had opened 
 a printing office exclusively for book and job work, 
 while P. Babcock and L. S. Perry were the only den- 
 tists. 
 
 The Lawrence Hotel, which had been on the site of 
 the Federal Post OflSce Building, and one of the lead- 
 ing hotels of the city, was destroyed by fire this year. 
 The late Hon. Josiah Turner, of Hillsboro, was in the 
 building at the time, and narrowly escaped with his 
 life. 
 
 Jas. D. Pullen had opened the Planters Hotel, oa 
 the site now occupied by M. T. Norris & Bro., on Wil- 
 mington and Martin streets, and Jas. Bashford was 
 conducting a carriage-making business on the corner 
 of Morgan and McDowell streets. 
 
 L. D. Heartt was conducting a dry goods store, as 
 successor to Heartt & Litchford. 
 
 Williams & McGee (the late Alfred Williams and 
 Thadeus McGee) were also keeping a dry goods store. 
 Their place of business was the house now occupied 
 by Mrs. Fashnach as a jewelry store. 
 
 Dodd & Scheib had opened a confectionery store on 
 Fayetteville street, where is now kept the Music Store 
 of Darnell & Thomas. 
 
142 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 VISIT OF STEPHEN f1. DOUGLAS. 
 
 A notable event in the history of Raleigh was the 
 arrival here in August, 1860, of Stephen A. Douglas, 
 one of the four candidates for President of the United 
 States. He arrived on the evening of the 29th, and 
 was met at the depot by a committee and escorted to 
 the Yarborough House, where he was welcomed to our 
 city and State by Hon. Henry W. Miller. On Thurs- 
 day afternoon he spoke from the eastern portico of the 
 Capitol to a large audience. Mr. Douglas had but lit- 
 tle following here, and hence his visit created no en- 
 thusiasm, further than was shown by a great number 
 of people coming out to hear him, because, perhaps, 
 of his renown as a statesman. 
 
 At this time the "Oak City Savings Bank" was or- 
 ganized, with Dr. T. D. Hogg, President ; Jno. G. Wil- 
 liams, Cashier; Directors, Dr. T. D. Hogg, Quentin 
 Busbee, H. S. Smith, Jno. G. Williams. 
 
 Mr. C. B. Edwards came to Raleigh about this 
 period, and for many years has been one of its leading 
 business men. His first work here was as an appren- 
 tice in the office of the Church Intelligencer. After 
 finishing his apprenticeship he worked as a composi- 
 tor in a number of other offices until 1872, when he 
 formed a copartnership with Mr. N. B. Broughton, 
 and established a book and job printing establishment, 
 which is now one of the leading enterprises in the 
 city, giving employment to more people than any pri- 
 vate establishment in Raleigh. Mr. Edwards is a 
 prominent Mason and has several times represented 
 his ward as alderman. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 143 
 
 All men can not be merchants — there mnst be arti- 
 sans, or mechanics, as well as tradesmen; producers 
 as well as distributors and consumers. Were this not 
 true, houses would not be constructed nor cities built. 
 Thus, in the different periods of our history there 
 came to Raleigh, and also grew up within its 
 borders, mechanics and others who pursued their re- 
 spective vocations, and without whom the city could 
 not have grown and flourished and been the beautiful 
 metropolis it is to-day. Among the representative 
 men of this character have been Jno. G. Briggs, Thos. 
 H. Briggs, David L. Royster, Madison Royster, Ander- 
 son Nixon, carpenters ; C. Kuester, gun and loclv- 
 smith ; John O'Rourke, Jas. Bashford, Bartlett Up- 
 church, Wm. P. Clarke, Jno. R. Harrison, N. S. Harp, 
 W. David Williams, Thos. G. Jenkins, Alfred Up- 
 church, carriage-makers; Henry J. Brown, E. D. 
 Haynes, David Royster and W. J. Thopmson, cabinet- 
 makers; Henry Smith, Mark Williams, bricklayers; 
 W. G. Lougee, tinner ; H. I. Hasselbach, coppersmith ; 
 Silas Burns, ironworker; Joseph Waltering, axe- 
 maker and manufacturer of edge tools; John Maun- 
 der, Wm. Stronach, marble-cutters; Dabney Cosby, 
 architect. The following have been artisans of more 
 recent times, many of whom are still living and ac- 
 tively engaged in business: Marshall Betts, Harris 
 Vaughan, Benj. Park, Jacob S. Allen, Anderson Betts, 
 L. H. Royster, W. Jeff. Ellington, Arthur D. Zach- 
 ary, building contractors; T. F. Brockwell, expert 
 gun and locksmith; H. J. Hammill, plasterer; Jno. J. 
 Weir, F. H. Hunnicut, bricklayers, stone-masons and 
 general contractors; M. R. Haynes, cabinet-maker; 
 Geo. M. Allen, Wm. C. Cram, J. H. Gill, founders and 
 machinists; S. W. Holloway, J. W. Evans, carriage- 
 makers; W. W. Parish, Wm. C. Parish, H. E. Glenn, 
 
144 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Jesse Williams, H. M. Farnswortli, Win. F. King, C. 
 P. Bullock, W. R. Macy, John Howell, painters; Lon- 
 nie Weathers, Wm. T. Utley, J. C. Ellington, paper- 
 hangers ; T. S. Stevenson, W. J. Young, W. H. Hughes' 
 Jr., Wm. Taylor, M. Bowes, A. T. Kuester, plumbers. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 145 
 
 RALEIGH'S BUSINESS MEN— PAST AND 
 PRESENT. 
 
 Many of our present commercial establishments are 
 located on sites that have interesting history connec 
 ted with them. The earlier mercantile spirits of the 
 capital city dedicated these sites forever to successful 
 commercial and industrial activity. 
 
 D. C. Murray in 18G0 was one of the leading dry 
 goods merchants. His store was on Fayetteville 
 street, on a portion of the site occupied now by Sher- 
 wood Higgs & Co., than which there is not a more en- 
 terprising firm in the State. A distinguishing feature 
 of this house is the fact that its head is one of the 
 youngest business men of his ranlv to be found any- 
 where. Yet, in quickness of discernment, enterprise 
 and business sagacity, Mr. Higgs has few superiors. 
 His success has been phenomenal. In the conduct of 
 its extensive and elaborate business the firm is as- 
 sisted by a corps of more than forty obliging sales- 
 men and salesladies. 
 
 The site on Fayetteville street now occupied by 
 Messrs. Dobbin & Ferrall, dry goods merchants; W. 
 H. Hughes, dealer in china, crockery, etc. ; C. P. 
 Wharton, photographer; A. Williams & Co., booksell- 
 ers and stationers, and T. W. Blake, jeweler, was 
 then a vacant lot, afterwards made famous as the 
 spot over which had floated the first secession flag in 
 Raleigh. 
 
 Messrs. Dobbin & Ferrall are among the leaders in 
 their line, not only here, but in the State. Being the 
 worthy successors of the dry goods business of the his- 
 toric Tuckers, they feel a worthy pride in exerting 
 
146 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 their best energies to maintain the reputation, in all 
 respects, earned by their predecessors, beginning with 
 the city's earliest history and extending through 
 nearly a century. 
 
 Messrs. Alfred Williams and Edgar Haywood, who 
 compose the firm of A. Williams & Co., are among the 
 leaders in their line in the State. The founder of 
 this house was the late Alfred Williams, who estab- 
 lished the business more than a generation ago, and 
 who was rewarded with much success. The business is 
 now prominently known throughout the State, from 
 every part of which it draws its patronage. Mr. Wil- 
 liams is a grandnephew of Mr. Alfred Williams, the 
 founder, who was one of Raleigh's earliest inhabitants 
 and prominent citizens; Mr. Haywood is a son 
 of the late Dr. E. Burke Haywood, who was one of 
 our most distinguished physicians and eminent sur- 
 geons. 
 
 The establishment presided over by Mr. Hughes is 
 one of the largest and oldest in this line of trade in 
 the city. This house was established nearly a score 
 of years ago by the present proprietor, who, by his uni- 
 form courtesy and reliable business methods, has 
 secured an enviable patronage. The career of this 
 enterprise has been a record of uninterrupted success. 
 In its highest and broadest sense, Mr. Hughes is a 
 most valuable citizen. He is a Confederate veteran, 
 and Second Lieutenant Commander of L. O'B. Branch 
 Camp. 
 
 Mr. Wharton is regarded as an artist of rare merit, 
 his skill being rewarded by an extensive and select 
 patronage. An examination of his work reveals the 
 fact that his pictures are executed by the true artist, 
 an easy, graceful and natural pose being always ob- 
 served — results not to be secured except by masters 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 147 
 
 of this art. In the excellence of his work he yields 
 the palm to none. 
 
 There were then no places of business on Fajette- 
 ville street below the court-house and the Yarborough 
 House. Where now stands the Pullen Building, — 
 occupied as law offices by Messrs. Armistead Jones & 
 Son, M. N. Amis, B. C. Beckwith, W. L. Watson, J. N. 
 Holding, J. H. Fleming ; the offices of Dr. D. S. Row- 
 land, the Mechanics and Investors Union, R. G. Reid, 
 J. P., the Morning Post, and the Barnes Printing Co., 
 — was the old Gales residence. 
 
 The Mechanics and Investors Union is a mortgage 
 investment company, and has for nine years been re- 
 ceiving monthly deposits from our citizens, which 
 money has been invested in the erection of city resi- 
 dences. The company is managed by a boai*d of direc- 
 tors, and George Allen, its Secretary. Mr. Allen was 
 for nearly a third of a centurj^ connected with the 
 business interests of New Bern, but for the past ten 
 years has been one of our active and busy citizens. 
 He is Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, and 
 President of the Board of Trustees for the N. C. Insti- 
 tution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind. 
 
 On the opposite side of the street, and below Davie, 
 where Cooper Bros, conduct their marble works, was 
 the residence of Mr. C. B. Root. The gentlemen 
 composing the firm of Cooper Bros, have been identi- 
 fied with Raleigh since 1894. The progress and suc- 
 cess of their business has seldom been eqiialled in this 
 community. This is not surprising wh(Mi it is con- 
 sidered that the members of the firm are men of the 
 highest integrity, business skill, and faithful to every 
 obligation of whatsoever nature. Their business op- 
 erations extend to other States, and orders have of 
 late been received from the West Indies. The hand- 
 
148 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 (some monument erected to the memory of the late J. 
 M. Heck was construe ted by this firm. Mr. W. A. 
 Cooper, the senior member, is also a skillful designer. 
 Where Senator Wm. Haywood's residence then 
 stood, on the corner below, is now the popular Hotel 
 Dorsett. The opening of this house of entertainment 
 was occasioned by the demands of the public, which 
 
 K. K. THOMAS. 
 
 Aged eiglity-onc years. 
 
 had so long required superior hotel accommodations. 
 This is secured at the l)<)i'sett,where the wayfarer is 
 cared for in a manner expcn'ienced only at the best 
 hotels, and on terms such as are but reasonable for 
 high-class entertainment. The house is noted for the 
 courteous consideration of guests and for its excellent 
 service. The proprietor, Mv. W. L. Dorsett, is the 
 youngest hotel man in the South, and one of the most 
 successful. The cuisine is the best. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 149 
 
 Jno. G. Williams & Co., at this time, were doing a 
 brokerage business on Payetteville street. This was 
 on the site now occupied by the tailoring business of 
 Mr, ( ieo. N. Walters, who conducts here, in his commo- 
 dious parlors, a business second to none. Commenc- 
 ing this industry here seventeen years ago, by the skill, 
 finish and taste which has characterized his work, 
 he has won a reputation extending throughout the 
 State. The best test of his excellence in this industry 
 are his frequent invitations, from time to time, by 
 prominent artists in his profession, to accept positions 
 of designer and cutter in New York and other leading 
 cities. Mr. Walters is a leading citizen and a Mason 
 of prominence. 
 
 The site on Hargett street occupied for sixty years 
 by Wm. C. Upchurch, now eighty-nine years of age, 
 and retired, is now conducted by his grandson, Mr. 
 B. W. Upchurch, one of the most enterprising business 
 men of the capital. With much sagacity and business 
 tact he has, within a few years, secured such a share 
 of patronage as should be a source of just pride to 
 anyone, however long in the business. His dealings 
 are honorable to a high degree. 
 
 The floral business here at that time was scarcely in 
 its infancy, but the establishment of H. Steinmetz is 
 now an enterprise that is in full accord with our 
 growing ])()pulation and the growing refinements of 
 the ca])ital. His establislmient is on the northern 
 suburbs of tl»e city, 1o which a visit is always enjoyed. 
 Under the skillful and artistic management of its pro- 
 prietor, tlie business of Mr. Steinmetz now has a repu- 
 tation extending to every part of North Carolina. 
 This enterprise is a credit to the city, and its proprie- 
 tor a very agreeable man and highly respected citizen. 
 
 One of the leading and oldest jewelers at this period 
 
150 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 was Ohas. H. Thompson. His place of business was 
 on Fayetteville street, in the store now occupied by the 
 Jollj-Wynne Jewelry Co. This enterprising firm, 
 while satisfying at all times the most exacting and 
 fastidious tastes of a high-class trade, yet caters to 
 the demands of the masses, who are always willing to 
 pay substantial prices for reliable goods. At this 
 house courteous treatment and fair dealing are as- 
 sured, for the gentlemen composing the firm — Messrs. 
 B. R. Jolly, P. M. Jolly, J. S. Wynne and R. S. Wynne 
 — are among our most estimable citizens and honor- 
 able men. 
 
 The leading confectionery in Raleigh at this time 
 was in an old rickety frame building, on the site of the 
 Raney Library, and which for many years before had 
 served as one of the early taverns of the city. One 
 of the proprietors had been Wm. T. Bain. Besides 
 the Library proper, there is now on this site, and on 
 the first floor of the Library building, one of the 
 handsomest and most tastefully equipped pharmacies 
 in the city or State. The proprietor is Mr. Robert 
 Simpson, whose excellence as a pharmacist is no 
 higher than his value as a man and citizen. These 
 are the secrets of the success of this widely popular es- 
 tablishment. 
 
 On the west side of Fayetteville street, from Har- 
 gett to Martin, the stores were old framed buildings, 
 occupied by W. G. Lougee, tinner; F. Keuster, gun 
 and locksmith ; I. Hesselbach, coppersmith ; Henry 
 Depkin, shoemaker; Robert Dobbin, shoemaker, and 
 others. Where now stands the National Bank of 
 Raleigh was the site of the first residence erected at 
 the capital for the State's Chief Magistrate. Among 
 the prominent merchants and business men now on 
 other sites below, are Boylan, Pearce & Co., Daniel 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 151 
 
 Allen & Co., T. H. Briggs & Sons, the Hart-Ward 
 Hardware Co., Hubert lielvin, the Carolina Trust 
 Company, John C. DreAvry, J. K. Marshall, Carey J. 
 Hunter. The first-mentioned firm is composed of 
 Jas. Bojdan, Chas. McKImmon and J. B. Pearce. islv. 
 Boylan is a descendant of the historic family of that 
 name — William Boylan, its founder, having been one 
 of the most prominent of Raleigh's early residents. 
 Mr. Jas. Boylan has been identified with the dry goods 
 trade for nearly a lifetime. Mr. McKimmon is a son 
 of Jas. McKimmon, who, more than half a century 
 ago, was one of the two leading dr^^ goods merchants 
 of Raleigh, and possesses in an eminent degree that 
 taste and judgment the exercise of which has con- 
 tributed so much to the reputation of this popular dry 
 goods emporium. Mr. J. B. Pearce, another member 
 of the firm, is a gentleman endowed with a superabun- 
 dance of energy, and his many admirable social quali- 
 ties, clear judgment and general business capacity, 
 render him very popular with all classes. The repu- 
 tation of this establishment is co-extensive with the 
 State. 
 
 The business of the house now controlled b}' T. H. 
 Briggs & Sons was established in 18G5 by T. H. 
 Briggs, Sr. (the father of the present proprietors^^ 
 and Jas. Dodd, who conducted the same until 18G8, 
 when Mr. Briggs became the sole proprietor. In 1871 
 the sons were made copartners. The firm then be- 
 came T. H. Briggs & Sons. Since the death of T. H. 
 Briggs, Sr., in 1886, the business of the house has been 
 conducted by the sons, Thos. H. Briggs and Jas. A. 
 Briggs, under the style of T. H. Briggs & Sons. In 
 the hardware line this house is arrayed in the front 
 rank, and has reaped that reward it so richly deser^^es. 
 The members are among the city's most substantial 
 citizens and respected men. 
 
152 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 The president of the National Bank of Raleigh is 
 Mr. Chas. H. Belvin. No one who knows Mr. Belvin 
 and has watched his rapid rise from a clerk in the 
 postoffice to the presidency of a bank, can be surprised. 
 Possessed of naturally bright business capacity, his 
 integrity of character, unassuming manner and affa- 
 ble disposition pushed him forward to his present pop- 
 ularity and business position. Mr. Belvin is gener- 
 ally regarded as one of the safest financiers in the 
 State. He is and long has been a steward of the 
 Edenton Street Methodist Church. 
 
 The members of the firm of Daniel Allen & Co.'s 
 shoe emporium, on Fayetteville street, are among the 
 leading spirits in Raleigh's business circles. The se- 
 nior member, Mr. Geo. E. Hunter, is also a member 
 of the well-known firm of Hunter & Dunn, wholesale 
 grocers, on Wilmington street, and is one of the most 
 thoroughgoing business men in the city. Mr. Allen, 
 the junior partner, is a man possessing the very high- 
 est business qualities, and under his active manage- 
 ment the enterprise has become a leading one at the 
 capital. Mr. Allen is a gentleman of culture and 
 widely and favorably known for his eminent social 
 qualities, which secure for him not only a host of per- 
 sonal friends, but the patronage of an appreciative 
 and discriminating public. 
 
 In the next building to the above mentioned firm is 
 the merchant tailoring business of Mr. Hubert Belvin, 
 whose push, energy and determination to master his 
 vocation has won for him a patronage of the best class 
 of customers, who desire stylish and perfect fitting 
 clothing. He is a first-class expert cutter, and per- 
 sonally superintends all work turned out from his 
 establishment. 
 
 The Oak City Steam Laundry, owned and con- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 153 
 
 ducted by Mr. Jos. K. Marshall, is the only real up-to- 
 date industry of the kind in the State, being fitted up 
 with all the latest improved machinery for such work, 
 obviating the use of chemical preparations, which so 
 greatly damage garments. Mr. Marshall's establish- 
 ment uses nothing but pure water and soap, and the 
 improved machinery accomplishes the finest speci- 
 mens of laundrying ever seen in this city. Mr. Mar- 
 shall takes great pride in his business, and spares no 
 expense in turning out high-grade laundry work. 
 
 The buildings on the east side of Fayetteville street^ 
 below the market, were then likewise of wood. No- 
 where, along the entire lengtli of this street, was there 
 as handsome a building as that in which the Bobbitt- 
 Wynn(^ Drug Co. condnct their extensive business. 
 The stock of this honse is large and contains all the 
 articles that belong to a first-class drugstore. The 
 business is wholesale and retail. The officers of the 
 company are gentlemen of the highest personal integ- 
 rity and widely known for their sterling worth. Mr. 
 J. Stanhope Wynne, the president, not only possesses 
 business qualifications of the highest order, but the 
 interest he manifests in all that make for Raleigh's 
 progress proves him one of the most public spirited 
 men who ever resided at the capital. ^Fr. Wynne 
 was a close relative of the late Stanhope Pnllen and 
 stood near to him in all that touched him deepest. It 
 was this, it is said, that occasioned Mr. Pnllen's mu- 
 nificent gift to the city of the beautifnl park bearing 
 his name. ^Fr. Rawley Galloway, the manager of th(> 
 company, is a pharmacist of fine ability, whose busi- 
 ness acnnien and professional acquirements fit him 
 admirably for liis responsible duties. He is a gentle 
 man of winning personality, and his friends are le- 
 
 11 
 
154 HISTORICAL, RALEIGa 
 
 gion. In the prescription department Mr. Galloway 
 is ably assisted by Mr. Robert 1. Williams — a son of 
 Mr. Ruffin Williams, Raleigh's retired veteran drug- 
 gist. 
 
 The Carolina Trust Company's Building, on Fay- 
 etteville street, near Martin, is an honor to the city. 
 The business of the company may be classified under 
 four heads — general banking, savings banking, trusts, 
 and safetj' deposits. The savings department is to 
 give security to those saving their money, and interest 
 is paid on money deposited in this branch. The trust 
 feature is that of all trust companies, while in the bur- 
 glar-proof vault are the most approved boxes for the 
 safe depositors. 
 
 In this building are located the offices of the life in- 
 surance business of Mr. Carey J. Hunter, whose splen- 
 did business qualifications and personal excellencies 
 have so attracted the attention of the public as to draw 
 him into service, officially, with many prominent insti- 
 tutions and enterprises. Some of these are Secretary 
 Board of Trustees of Wake Forest College ; Chairman 
 Executive Committee of Baptist Female University 
 North Carolina ; President Biblical Recorder Co. ; Di- 
 rector Mechanics' Dime Savings Bank ; Director Com- 
 mercial and Farmers Bank; Deacon First Baptist 
 Church ; Director Bobbitt-Wynne Drug Co. ; Director 
 Melrose Knitting Mill; Director Caraleigh Cotton 
 Mills; Director News and Observer Publishing Co. — 
 in connection with his general agency of the Union 
 Central Life Insurance Co. In all these various posi- 
 tions his careful, systematic business faculties make 
 him prominent among his associates at all their meet- 
 ings. An aggressive, yet unassuming gentleman, Mr. 
 Hunter is withal possessed of that magnetism whicli 
 attracts the attention of all who wish a safe counsel- 
 lor, diligent worker and earnest advocate. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 155 
 
 One of the old-time inhabitants was C. W. D. 
 Hutchings, who for many years had a harness and 
 saddlery business on the site occupied by the building 
 in which P, A. Watson conducts his photographic 
 gallery. Mr. Watson's determination to deserve the 
 public favor has been rewarded by a liberal share of 
 patronage, and his desire to please, and to execute but 
 the best work, are shown by his popularity both as a 
 man and as an artist. The original proprietor of this 
 establishment was Mr. J. W. Watson, who had the dis- 
 tinction of making the first photograph ever made in 
 the State. 
 
 P. F. Pescud, one of our leading druggists in ISGO, 
 was continuing his business on Payetteville street. 
 At his death in 1884, his eldest son, John S. Pescud, 
 succeeded to the business, which he is still conducting. 
 His store is now on West Hargett street, near Payette- 
 ville. No one ever engaged in any business in this 
 city who enjoyed in a greater degree the confidence 
 and esteem of all, in whatsoever manner received, 
 than John S. Pescud. He married in 1872 Miss Belle, 
 eldest daughter of Laurens Hinton, of this county. 
 
 Harry Keim, a typical Dutchman, who introduced 
 lager beer and porter in Raleigh, in 1860 was selling 
 his beverages in a small wooden building wliere now 
 stands the reliable and popular pharmacy of Jas. 
 Iredell Johnson. The business of this old established 
 pharmacy is wholesale and retail, and extends to 
 every portion of the State. The proprietor is a 
 son of the late Chas. E. Johnson, one of Ealeigh's 
 early and eminent physicians, and grandson of Gov. 
 James Iredell, one of the State's early chief magis- 
 trates. 
 
 At the time herein referred to, the construction of 
 buildings had not reached the excellence to which thev 
 
156 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 have since attained. Much of the beauty of our mod- 
 ern residences is owing to the skill of such enterpris- 
 ing men as Mr. Jno. T. Jones, who has a prosperous 
 slate-roofing business. His office is on South Salis- 
 bury street, near Martin. Mr. Jones, in his line, 
 stands at the head. His perfect reliability in all re- 
 spects has secured the confidence of an appreciative 
 public, and his superior workmanship been rewarded 
 with much success. 
 
 Among the jewelers of the capital cit^', T. W. Blake 
 occupies a position in the front rank. His stock of 
 goods are of the best quality, while his workmanship 
 is equal to any. His well known integrity insures for 
 customers, at all times, complete satisfaction. Mr. 
 Blake is a leading citizen, a man of sterling qualities, 
 and deservedly esteemed for his Christian virtues. 
 
 The house-furnishing or furniture business has 
 grown to be of much importance in Raleigh, and that 
 conducted by Mr. J. H. Dail, 117 East Martin street, 
 is reaping merited reward for good management and 
 fair dealing. Mr. Dail is an agreeable man and relia- 
 ble citizen. He has conducted this business for a 
 period of three years, and has the confidence of a large 
 number of patrons. 
 
 On the north side of Hargett street, between Wil- 
 mington and Fayetteville, the stores were occupied by 
 E. E. Harris, A. Karrar, Jordan Womble, W. C. Up- 
 church, Jas. Rogers, W. H. Holleman and others. Tal- 
 bot Ligon had a small shop where J. B. Green k Co. 
 now conduct their well stocked store of select grocer- 
 ies. In its collection of choice household supplies this 
 firm ranks with the foremost in the city. The firm is 
 composed of Messrs. J. B. and T. E. Green, both of 
 whom are men of energy and enterprise. G. B. Bag- 
 well, Bernard Abt, and E. A. Whitaker then kepi 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 157 
 
 grocery stores on the opposite side of this street. 
 There were then no drug stores east of Fayetteville 
 street. The growing demands, however, of an in- 
 creased and varied popuhition induced Mr. O. G. King, 
 several years ago, to open an attractive pharmacy on 
 the corner of Wilmington and llargett streets, where 
 are kept the purest goods and at reasonable prices as 
 can be found anywhere. Mr. King is one of our most 
 substantial citizens, a man of high integrity, and in 
 his profession ranks high. 
 
 No line of industry is more important to the mate- 
 rial welfare of a community than the furniture busi- 
 ness, and in Raleigh the leaders are the Koyal & Bor- 
 den Furniture Co, Seldom is an enterprise found 
 enjojdng a higher degree of prosperity than is this 
 company. Its members are Messrs. J. L. Borden and 
 George Royall, of Goldsboro, business men of much 
 prominence, who are president and vice-president of 
 the company, respectively; Mr. T. P. Jerman, Jr., sec- 
 retary and treasurer, a gentleman of pronounced abil- 
 ity in mercantile affairs; and Mr. Miles Goodwin, 
 manager, who has proven, during his long connection 
 with the establishment, a most valuable adjunct in 
 securing for it the great popularity it now enjoys. 
 Their commodious establishment is a great credit to 
 the city. 
 
 Near where Briggs & Dodd then had their planing- 
 mill and shops is now the establishment, on West 
 street, of Wyatt & Ellington, who are conducting a 
 business of like character. The extent of this enter- 
 prise is in proper keeping with tlie constantly growing 
 population of our beautiful metropolis. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are Walter J. Wyatt and Edgar E. 
 Ellington, both of whom are substantial men and 
 occupy favorable positions in industrial circles here 
 
158 HISTORICAL RALEIGE. 
 
 and iu surrounding country. Their progressive spirit 
 is being rewarded b}' increasing demands for their 
 superior productions. 
 
 The H. J. Brown Coffin House was established in 
 1836 by the late Henry J. Brown, who conducted it 
 successfully until his death in 1879. Mr. Jno. W. 
 Brown then became the manager, and under his con- 
 trol the business has been a leading one at the capital. 
 Mr. Brown is a proficient funeral director and skilled 
 embalmer. The establishment is fitted out with the 
 latest improvements in every branch of the business. 
 
 The H. T. Hicks Drug Co. is among the most promi- 
 nent pharmacies in the city. The business is in charge 
 of Mr. Henry T, Hicks, who has achieved a marked 
 success as a skillful pharmacist. He has brought to 
 the relief of those who suffer from headache his fa- 
 mous cure, "Capudine," one of the most popular pro- 
 prietary medicines on the market. Mr. Hicks is a 
 young self-made man, whose careful business methods 
 and push, energy and integrity of character have 
 brought him success. 
 
 It is not the business makes the man, but the man 
 who possesses all the qualities of attraction, the 
 clear insight to business, the indefatigable determina- 
 tion to succeed. Such a man makes any business. 
 One of these men is John C. Drewry, who is a leader 
 among insurance men at the capital. Mr. Drewry has 
 all these capabilities, and Raleigh, its internal im- 
 provements, particularly its streets, speak but the 
 result of Mr. Drewry's good judgment and energetic 
 work. He has served the city several terms as alder- 
 man, is Grand Secretary of the Masons, prominent in 
 other fraternal societies, and a brilliant luminary in 
 the social realm. Mr. Drewry's great popularity and 
 familiarity with public interests have drawn him inta 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 159 
 
 prominence as a candidate for Representative in the 
 General Assembly from Wake County. He was a few 
 days since nominated for this position by the prima- 
 ries, and this is equivalent to an election. His past 
 record is a guarantee of the valuable services he will 
 render not only the county of Wake, but the entire 
 commonwealth. 
 
 John Kane then had a liquor shop in a little frame 
 building on the corner where now stands the Citizens 
 National Bank. This institution is built upon a solid 
 foundation. Mr. Joseph G. Brown, its president, and 
 a most modest and unassuming gentleman, has devel- 
 oped most remarkable financial ability, and having 
 filled almost ever}- position from messenger up, now 
 holds the presidency and management of this popular 
 banking house. Mr. Brown is also Treasurer of the 
 City of Raleigh and Vice-President of the State 
 Bankers Association; also steward of the M. E. 
 Church and superintendent of its Sunday School. 
 
 The Cross & Linehan Co. is composed of ^Messrs 
 Jno. W. Cross, Wm. A. Linehan and P. J. Wray, 
 three young men, who, by their energy, integrity and 
 most excellent business qualities, have builded up per- 
 haps the best arranged and most successful clothing 
 and gentlemen's furnishing business in the State. 
 Mr. Linehan is the eldest son of the late Patrick Line- 
 han, who assisted in the construction of the Federal 
 Post Office Building. 
 
 The northern limits of the city, at this time, were 
 bounded by North street. Beyond this were few resi- 
 dences, and no pretense to business. The growth of 
 the city has been such that of late years various busi- 
 ness enterprises have been established. Among these 
 is the Northside Pharmacy, which is now conducted 
 by Mr. Wm. G. Thomas. He is a most enterprising 
 
160 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 business man, and his courteous manners, fine busi- 
 ness capabilities, iutegritj and social qualities make 
 his store a most popular one. lie is a son of Mr. E. B. 
 Thonuis, one of our oldest and most esteemed citizens. 
 His goods are of the best, and as a pharmacist his rank 
 is superior. 
 
 The Zachary Mantel Co., successors to Zacharv & 
 Zachary, 108 W. Martin street, are conducting a most 
 successful business in the furnishing of hardwood 
 mantels, tiles and grates. This is a comparatively 
 new firm in our midst, though the gentlemen comfjos- 
 ing it, by their strict attention to business and liber- 
 ality in their dealings, have struck the channel to pop- 
 ularity. They are rapidly spreading out into larger 
 capacity for the management of their constantly in- 
 creasing trade, their business engagements extending 
 to South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and other South- 
 ern States. The nuinager, Mr. Arthur 1). Zachary, 
 is one of Raleigh's substantial citizens, a man of fine 
 business attainnients, a gentleman of most agreeable 
 and engaging manners, and one with whom it is a 
 pleasure to know and deal. 
 
 From Johnson's Pharmacy, on Fayetteville street, 
 to the Yarborough House, at tlu^ period mentioned 
 above, was a row of old framed houses, occupied as 
 confectionery shops, law offices, etc. These structures 
 long ago gave way to the present handsome buildings, 
 in whiclj are now conducted various lines of business. 
 Among these is the well known and long established 
 enterprise of Messrs. J. M. Broughton and T. B. 
 Moseley, who, since 1888, have been associated in the 
 business of dealing in real estate. These gentlenum 
 are among the prominent business men of IJaleigh, 
 and have contributed, during their business career, 
 much to the advancement of the citv's interests. In 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 161 
 
 persoual integrity and social (inalities they occupy 
 high positions. 
 
 The business part of the city was then confined 
 mainly to Fayetteville street, no stores having been 
 erected east of that thoroughfare except on Hargett 
 
 111; (HAS. !■:. .Ii.llN.Sd.N. 
 
 Died 1876; aged sixty-three years. 
 
 street. Where now stands the Farmers and Com- 
 mercial Bank, the dry goods house of Walter Wooll- 
 cott, the clothing establislinient of Whiting Bros., 
 were the premises of Mrs. Kuffin Williams. 
 
 Mr. Woollcott is the successor of Messrs. Woollcott 
 & Son, who conducted so successfully a dry goods 
 business here for manv years. Mr. William Wooll- 
 
162 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 cott retired from the firm in 1900. The present pro- 
 prietor is one of Raleigh's most prominent citizens, 
 and ranks with the foremost young business men of 
 the city. No enterprise ever established at the capital 
 enjoys the confidence of a wider circle of friends than 
 the dry goods business of Walter WooUcott. 
 
 The clothing business of Whiting Bros, is 
 the oldest establishment of its kind in the city. Mr. 
 Seymour Whiting has been identified with this branch 
 of business for many years, and with his brother, Mr. 
 Chester Whiting has successfully conducted a large 
 and prosperous trade. There are few visitors to Ra- 
 leigh who do not know and patronize Whiting Bros. 
 
 The Commercial and Farmers Bank, under the man- 
 agement of Capt. Thomas, must go forward to success, 
 for as cotton broker, wholesale merchant and commis- 
 sion merchant, Captain Thomas developed such excel- 
 lent business capabilities that when this banking 
 house was established he was called by the stockhold- 
 ers to take the presidency. Capt. Thomas is one of 
 our most prominent figures in all the phases of good 
 citizenship and business management. 
 
 Gathering their materials from Germany, Spain, 
 England, South America, Florida, Tennessee, Vir- 
 ginia and the Great West, the Caraleigh Phosphate 
 and Fertilizer Works manufacture every grade of fer- 
 tilizers demanded by the North Carolina trade. Their 
 business is very successful, due largely to the fact that 
 its management is composed of such energetic and 
 reliable men as J. R. Chamberlain, Ashley Home, S. 
 R. Home, E. C. Smith. F. O. Moring, J.' W. Barber 
 and A. L. Chamberlain. They have a large up-to-date 
 plant, and the fact that a mile of side-track is re- 
 quired around their factory to handle heavy ship- 
 ments, indicates somewhat tlie enormous business 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 163 
 
 done. Kaleigh is justly proud of this large industry. 
 The success of this North Carolina enterprise is 
 largely due to the eminent ability and intelligent man- 
 agement of the business of the company by its presi- 
 dent, Prof. J. R. Chamberlain, who has been ably 
 assisted by Mr. A. L. Chamberlain, the secretary and 
 treasurer. Few manufacturing enterprises have been 
 more ably managed in all its departments than the 
 Caraleigh Phosphate Works, of Raleigh. 
 
 Among the most prominent insurance men in Ra- 
 leigh is J. D. Boushall, whose personal and business 
 qualities attract all who come in contact with him. 
 In the General Assembly of 1899, he was among the 
 ablest representatives of that body ; he also served the 
 city as alderman until his rapidly increasing insur- 
 ance business demanded his entire attention. He is 
 a prominent member of the First Baptist church, and 
 for a long time was the superintendent of its Sunday 
 School. Mr. Boushall is deeply interested in all that 
 concerns the material welfare of the capital city. 
 
 G. A. Strickland & Co. is a firm of undertakers oc- 
 cupying spacious accommodations in the Trade Build- 
 ing, on S. Wilmington street. The firm is composed of 
 G. A. Strickland and L. W. Duskin. Mr. Strickland 
 is a well and favorably known resident of the capital, 
 while Mr. Duskin is formerly of Seattle, Wash., where 
 for many years he was successfully engaged in the 
 same business now claiming his attention here. These 
 gentlemen are highly capable in every department in 
 their line of industrj^ and those dealing with them 
 will find them courteous and agreeable. The equip- 
 ments of this establishment are the latest and most 
 improved in every detail. Their terms are reasonable, 
 
 On Wilmington street and Exchange Place J. M. 
 Kohn is a dealer in ready-made clothing, sample shoes^ 
 
164 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 and gents' furnishing goods. He is a polite and cour- 
 teous gentleman, has a corps of obliging clerks, and 
 the excellent quality and low prices which obtain at 
 his store secure for him a popular trade. Since Mr. 
 Kohn has been in business here he has succeeded in 
 building up a most enviable reputation for reliability 
 and fair dealing. His personal friends are many. 
 
 The Hart-Ward Hardware Co., on Fayetteville 
 street, successors to Julius Lewis Hardware Co., is a 
 business under the management of Messrs John and 
 Frank Ward and Mr. Chas. B. Hart, three of the 
 brightest young business men in Raleigh. Messrs. 
 Ward and Hart have grown up in the hardware busi- 
 ness, and no one who knows them will wonder at their 
 rapid advancement. Their trade embraces the limits 
 of the State and is constantly increasing. 
 
 W. H. King & Co. conduct two of the largest drug 
 stores in Raleigh. This is the result of the enterprise, 
 zeal, professional eflflciency and excellent business 
 capacity of Mr. W. Henry King, whose popularity in- 
 creases every year. Mr. King has from a clerk risen 
 to the control of two elegantly fitted up drug houses 
 and well merits the large trade he enjoys. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 165 
 
 HISTORICAL SCRAPS. 
 
 For the benefit of those who are accustomed to cry 
 "hard times," and who think there is no time lilve the 
 "good ohl times,-' the following prices of articles of 
 every-day consumption sixty years ago, is appended : 
 The cost of a dozen needles was 25 cents, a silk hand- 
 kerchief (bandana) fl.25, a muslin handkerchief 70 
 cents, a yard of broadcloth -fT, a pound of pepper 70 
 cents, a i^air of cotton hose |1.40, one dozen pewter 
 plates |4.50, a pound of Hyson tea .|2.50, a yard of 
 linen 70 cents, a pound of gunpowder .|1, a pound of 
 shot 15 cents. Nails were sold by number, not by the 
 pound, e. g., fifty ten-penny nails 15 cents. Brown 
 sugar was sold at from ten to fifteen cents per pound 
 [there was no white sugar except loaf, which was 
 tweuty-five cents i)er pound] ; Rio coffee was twenty- 
 five cents; flour six dollars per barrel, molasses sixty 
 cents per gallon, and bacon from eight to ten cents 
 per pound. Caudles were five cents each. Lighting 
 by gas was not known here until 1(S5S. The charge 
 was |(I ]3er thousand feet — now it is |2. 
 
 The last wooden structure on the business portion 
 of Fayetteville street was demolished but a short while 
 since, to make way for the Carolina Trust Building, 
 just completed, adjoining the Tucker Building. 
 
 TJaleigh duiiug the Civil War had a match factory. 
 Mr. AVilliaiii Siuipsou, the pharmacist, was the pro- 
 prietor. The operatives were boys and girls, which 
 were employed in great numbers. 
 
 Tn 1801, after the Civil War had begun, A. W. 
 Fraps aud Phil. Thiem, anticipating a great scarcity 
 of leather, because of the closing of the Northern 
 markets to Southern trade, with that foresight and 
 
166 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 sagacity worthy of enterprising business men, opened 
 a factory for the manufacture of wooden shoes. They 
 made two different kinds — one with wooden soles 
 only, the remainder of leather; the other (of boat-like 
 shape) was entirely of wood, except a small flap into 
 which to place the strings. They were lined with cot- 
 ton or felt. It was thought the Confederate govern- 
 ment would place with the promoters of this enter- 
 prise big contracts to supply the soldiers with these 
 shoes, but this was a mistake, and the business was 
 soon abandoned. The same firm continued, however, 
 to manufacture other articles, such as putty, sand- 
 paper, pencils, curry-combs, and many other things 
 for home consumption. 
 
 A substitute had now to be found also for coffee. 
 To the ingenious mind this was comparatively simple. 
 This substitute consisted principally of potatoes, 
 which were first cut up, dried and then baked and 
 ground. Roasted or parched corn, wheat, rye, barley, 
 etc., were also used by many people. An Irishman 
 by the name of Kelly opened a factory for the turning 
 out of some of this "coffee." Some uncharitable peo- 
 ple said he mixed acorns with the above ingredients. 
 He soon earned the sobriquet of "Coffee Kelly." 
 
 Messrs. Keuster and Smethurst secured contracts 
 for the manufacture of gun caps, and in 1862 Capt. 
 B. P. Williamson and the late Col. J. M. Heck manu- 
 factured belt buckles and spurs to supply the Confed- 
 erate cavalry. Cartridges, too, were manufactured; 
 the "plant" was at the Deaf and Dumb Institution, 
 and the operatives were the pupils and other boys and 
 girls of the city. 
 
 Away back in the fifties, in "log cabin and hard 
 cider times," political enthusiasts would sometimes 
 resort to methods in elections that would put to 
 blush many of the tricks and schemes heard of now. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 167 
 
 One instance of this character was that of old man 
 Archie Drake, who Ivept a liquor shop on Hillsboro 
 street, near the railroad bridge. On the mornings of 
 election days, after loading up his ''heelers" with a 
 quantity of his liquid goods sufficient to arouse their 
 patriotism (?) he would arrange them into a com- 
 pany, and then, in the centre of the street, single file, 
 they would, to the time of drum and fife, march to the 
 polls in a body. Arriving there, each man would de- 
 posit his ballot under his boss's direction, and then 
 return to the shop to receive the reward of having 
 performed the duty of a patriot ! In those days the 
 law did not require saloons to be closed on election 
 days, as now. 
 
 No sport was so popular in this State in the good 
 old days as cock-fights. Sometimes it would be an- 
 nounced in the papers and in posters that festivals of 
 this character would be held for tliree days in certain 
 towns. Warrenton and Pittsboro had quite a reputa- 
 tion for furnishing this sport to the public. The 
 stakes were sometimes as high as five hundred dollars. 
 
 The postage on letters in 1827, and man^^ 3 ears af- 
 terward, was six cents for any distance not exceeding 
 30 miles; over 30 and not exceeding 80 miles, 
 ten cents ; over 80 and not exceeding 150 miles, twelve 
 and a half cents; over 150 and not exceeding 400 
 miles, eighteen and throe-fourth cents; over 400 miles, 
 twenty-five cents. 
 
 In the latter part of 1803, corn meal was selling for 
 |12 per bushel, and bacou at |3 per pound. The per 
 diem of legislators was |() per day, while their ex- 
 penses were not less than |10 per day. Later, in 1864, 
 a suit of clothes would cost a thousand dollars, a bar- 
 rel of flour eight hundred, bacon, a dollar and a half 
 a pound, molasses (home-made) fifty dollars a gallon. 
 Hats sold for three hundred dollars. 
 
168 HISTORICAL liALEIGH. 
 
 THE DAWN OF A MOMENTOUS ERA. 
 
 The incidents of May 20, 1801, will remain as per- 
 manent in the history of Raleigh as the granite hall 
 in which they occurred. From that eventful and his- 
 toric day new scenes, new incidents and a dark future 
 wound before our people. It was a turning point in 
 its history. The dark clouds of the approaching 
 storm arose before our j>eople. The following pages 
 will tell of some of the stirring events that lay in the 
 immediate future. 
 
 North Carolinians, and especially those of Raleigh, 
 are not a mercurial people. They are rather slow to 
 move, but when once aroused, they enter into the 
 cause in which they are interested with an earnestness 
 unsurpassed by any. The exciting times of the latter 
 part of 1860 and early part of 1861, incident to the 
 Presidential election, did not seriously disturb our 
 people, but when it was announced that Fort Sumter 
 had been bombarded they awoke to the necessities of 
 the occasion, and became prepared to bear their part 
 in the conflict that was now inevitable. 
 
 The Raleigh Register, in its issue of March 6, 1861, 
 referring to Lincoln's inauguration and his policy, 
 said : "For the first time the Federal capital will bris- 
 tle with arms to protect the person of the President 
 from violence, and the property of the Federal govern- 
 ment from seizure and depredation. These will con- 
 stitute most momentous and memorable events 
 throughout coming time." 
 
 Later the same paper said, in referring to the States 
 that had seceded from the Union : "Just let them 
 alone, and leave them to work out the problem of a 
 separate and independent government, and before 
 Christmas some of them will be glad enough to return 
 to the fold of tlie TTnion. Texas and Florida are not 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 1G9 
 
 able to support themselves, much less contribute any- 
 thing to the support and strength of the new Confed- 
 eracy." 
 
 A month or so afterward the same paper said: 
 "Seven States have left the Union, declaring they will 
 never willingly return to it. We believe that Abra- 
 ham Lincoln is about to wage a war of coercion against 
 these States ; we believe that in this war the remaining 
 slaveholding States will be involved, and we shall be 
 found on the side of the section in which we were born 
 and bred, and in which live our kindred and our 
 friends. If this makes us secessionists then so let us 
 be called." 
 
 At that time "State's Rights" or secession meetings 
 were being held all over the State. 
 
 The first official information that a conflict be- 
 tween the North and South would ensue from the elec- 
 tion of Lincoln was by the following telegram from 
 Simon Cameron, Secretary of War of the United 
 States, sent to Governor Ellis : "To J. W. Ellis, Gov- 
 ernor of North Carolina: Call made on you by to- 
 night's mail for two regiuients of military for immedi- 
 ate service." 
 
 The Governor promptly replied by saying: "I can 
 be no partj^ to this wicked violation of the laws of the 
 country and to this war upon the liberties of the peo- 
 pl(\ You can get no troops from North Carolina." 
 
 On the ITth of April Governor Ellis issued a procla- 
 mation, in which, after alluding to the foregoing facts, 
 he exhorted "all good citizens throughout the State 
 to be mindful that their first allegiance is due to the 
 sovereignty which protects their honor and dearesi: 
 interests, as their first service is due for the sacred de- 
 fense of their hearths, and of the soil which holds the 
 graves of onr glorious dead." 
 12 
 
170 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 THE STARS AND BARS UNFURLED. 
 
 Things were then getting warm, and personal en- 
 counters between champions of secession and "Union 
 men" were common. Later in April a "secession 
 pole" and flag were raised on a vacant lot on Payette- 
 ville street, and was fired upon by a "Union man," 
 which act came near precipitating a riot. Duncan 
 Haywood and Basil C. Manly, both of whom were 
 among the first to manifest their secession proclivities 
 by wearing upon their hats a red cockade — the badge 
 of secession — had gone to this place with a secession 
 or Confederate flag, for the purpose of hoisting it on 
 a pole which had been erected for that purpose. On 
 their arrival, with their friends, they found a number 
 of antagonists, or "Union men," who displayed great 
 opposition to the raising of this symbol of war. One 
 of this number was armed with a shotgun, who 
 avowed his determination to shoot down the flag the 
 instant it Avas raised. The hot-headed secessionists 
 were not to be thus deterred, and proceeded to carry 
 out their purpose. By this time a reckless young 
 fellow, by the name of Tom Yates, had secreted him- 
 self under an old shed near Wilmington street. The 
 flag was hoisted, but no sooner had its folds unfurled, 
 than bang! went Tom Yates's gun. At that moment 
 Wiley Sauls, a daring leader of the "Union men," ad- 
 vanced to the pole, declaring his intention of cutting 
 down the flag. One of those who had been promi- 
 nent in the movement, being equally determined, at 
 this juncture drew a pistol and threatened war upon 
 Sauls and his friends if the emblem of State's rights 
 was further molested. By this time cooler heads had 
 arrived on the scene, and their wise counsel prevail- 
 ing, what had promised a serious riot was averted. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 171 
 
 The young men who had shown so much opposition 
 to the secession movement in this and other ways, 
 were afterwards among the first, be it said to their 
 credit, to shoulder their muskets and prove their 
 loyalty to their native land. Many of them are sleep- 
 ing to-day on Virginia's soil. 
 
 Shortly after the occurrence of the foregoing inci- 
 dent, a large and enthusiastic meeting was held, to 
 which were invited all parties who desired "to unite 
 in resisting the usurper Lincoln," as the newly elected 
 President was termed. Dr. Fabius J. Haywood (fa- 
 ther of Dr. F. J. Haywood, Jr. ) , was made chairman 
 of the meeting, and Mr. 0. B. Root, secretary. At 
 this meeting the reply of Governor Ellis to Lincoln 
 for troops was heartily endorsed. Major A. M. Lewis 
 was the chairman of the committee to draft resolu- 
 tions. 
 
 The most exciting time ever experienced in Raleigh 
 was on the 20th of May, 1861, the day on which the 
 State severed its connection with the Union by the 
 adoption of the Secession Ordinance. This was done 
 through a State Convention, which had been called 
 for the purpose of considering what should be the atti- 
 tude of the commonwealth with regard to the seces- 
 sion movement, which was rife throughout the South. 
 As soon as the result was announced, one hundred 
 guns were fired in the Capitol Square, and the bells of 
 the city rung, amid the deafening shouts of an excited 
 multitude. The people were wild ! 
 
 The following is a verbatim copy of the Ordinance 
 of Secession : 
 
 "We, the people of the State of North Carolina, in 
 convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is 
 liereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance 
 adopted by the State of North Carolina in the Con- 
 
172 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 veiitioii of 1789, whereby- the Constitution of the Uni- 
 ted States was ratified and adopted, and also all acts 
 and parts of acts of the General Assembly, ratifying 
 and adopting amendments to the said Constitution, 
 are hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. 
 
 "We do further declare and ordain, that the Union 
 now subsisting between the State of North Carolina 
 and the other States under the title of the United 
 States of America, is hereby dissolved, and that the 
 State of North Carolina is in full possession and exer- 
 cise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong 
 and appertain to a free and independent State." 
 
 The military spirit of the people was by this time 
 fully aroused. Besides organizations for field duty, 
 a company known as the "Home Guard" was formed, 
 composed of men beyond the age of forty-five, the most 
 active members of which were to patrol the city every 
 night when so directed. However, a communication 
 was sent to one of the papers signed "Lady," saying, 
 "we desire no such company — let them go where they 
 are needed." The editor, after commending the lady's 
 spirit, commented thus : "Nearly every lady in to^^'n 
 was for secession long before the war begun, and now 
 they actually want all the men to leave and go into 
 the field, while they will protect themselves. Hurrah 
 for the ladies of Ealeigh !" 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONFLICT. 
 
 At the outbreak of the war there Avas organized in 
 Raleigli three companies — one of artillery and two of 
 infantry. Nearly every one who enlisted at that time 
 joined one or the other of these organizations. Still, 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 173 
 
 there were some who united themselves with other 
 commands. Their names are herein given, as well as 
 those joining the home companies. Later, in 1862, 
 another company was foi-med here, most of the mem- 
 bers of which had resided in Kaleigh. 
 
 The following are the names of all the Raleigh 
 boys Avho were in the Confederate service in any ca- 
 pacity — whether as officers or ])rivates — at any time 
 during the war, from tlie firing on Fort Sumter in 
 18<ll, to the surrender at Appomattox in 1865: 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT, — COMPANY A. 
 
 " Forth from its scabbard, pure and bright 
 
 Flaslied the sword of Lee ! 
 Far ill the front of the deadly fight, 
 High o'er the brave in the cause of Right. 
 Its stainless sheen, like a beacon light. 
 
 Led us to victory."' 
 
 — Rev. Father Ryan. 
 
 This company was first known as Kamseur's Bat- 
 tery, and organized in Raleigh in April, 1861, with 
 S. D. Ramseur as captain. This officer was after- 
 Avard promoted, and Basil C. Manly, of Raleigh, com- 
 missioned in his stead. The onh' other officers of this 
 company who were residents of Raleigh at the time of 
 their commission were B. B. Guion and Wm. J. 
 Saunders. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers were, Phil. H. Sas- 
 ser, 1st Sergt. ; Jas. D. Newsom, 2d Sergt. ; Jas. Mc- 
 Kimmou, 4th Sergt. ; Wm. E. Pell, 1st Corp. ; N. W. 
 West, Artificer. The privates Avere, C. R. Harris, C. 
 Harward, J. S. Harward, E. Telfair Hall, Q. W. 
 Perry, Samuel Snow, W. A. Wedding, W. H. Bledsoe, 
 J. Pugh Haywood, Herbert Bragg, E. F. Page, J. Q. 
 l)eCa;teret,'j. J. Iredell, C. T. Iredell, Geo. M. Whit- 
 ing, \7. F. Ramsey, Chas. McKimmon, W. M. Jones. 
 
174 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY E. 
 
 This company was organized in 1861, with George 
 H. Faribault as captain. Other captains at later 
 periods were, Wni. T. Poole, Jefferson M. Henson. 
 Other officers were : Marcellus Thompson, 1st Lieut. ; 
 John W. Harrison, 2d Lieut. ; Jas. Murray Royster, 3d 
 Lieut. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers were : W. H. Hamil- 
 ton, Wm. H, Finch, Wm. C. Parker, Wm. H. Vaughn, 
 Albert D. Carter, Jas. J. Lewis, Washington W. 
 Overby, Rufus W. Smith, Joseph Woodroe. 
 
 None of the privates of this company, except Wash- 
 ington Overby, Sidney Taylor and Joseph Woodroe, 
 were residents of Raleigh, and hence their names are 
 omitted. 
 
 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY K. 
 
 This company was organized in 1861, with Wm. H. 
 Harrison as captain. Captain Harrison resigned in 
 1862, and Joseph Jones was promoted to this rank. 
 The other commissioned officers were: Lieutenants 
 Sion H. Rogers, Pinckney C. Hardie, Quentin Busbee, 
 Seaton Gales, John S. Bryan, Chas, W. Beavers. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers w^ere: Jas. D. Hol- 
 lister, R. C. Badger, E. M. Roberts, Jas. A. Puttick, 
 Peter Suggs, Rufus H. Ruth, Austin Moss, Chas. 
 Kruger, Henry Hahn, Henry Freibes. 
 
 The privates were, J. Quint. Bryan, Peter Blum, 
 Wm. Champion, Wm. Chamblee, John L. Cooper, 
 John Driver, Bryant Dinkins, R. N. Fennell, Wm. L. 
 Gooch, Geo. W. High, M. Harrison, Wm. J. Hall, 
 George Hood, Thos. G. Jenkins, Eldridge Johnson, 
 L. N. Keith, F. Kuester, H. H. Martindale, W. T. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 175 
 
 Moss, Geo. D. Miller, W. L. Nowell, R. G. Nowell, 
 Wm, H. Putney, J. B. Perkinson, Henry Pennington, 
 David W. Royster, J. R. Renn, S. A. Smith, I. D. 
 Smith, Marion Smith, S. W. Smith, Geo. T. Stronach, 
 Jno. W. Syme, Sim Smith, Wiley Sauls, Jno. D. 
 
 .1. C. S. I.r .MSIlKN. 
 
 Died l!)l)l ; agt^d seventy years. 
 
 Thompson, E. M. Wagstaff, Sam'l C. White, W. W. 
 Wynne. 
 
 The foregoing lists of members of the Tenth and 
 Fourteenth Regiments refer to the men as they en- 
 listed, or to officers as they were commissioned or ap- 
 pointed, when entering the army. This fact must be 
 considered if it should be discovered that at a later 
 
176 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 period any private or officer bore a rank or filled a 
 position differing from that herein set out. 
 
 FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT — COMPANY C. 
 
 This company was organized in Raleigh in Febru- 
 ary, 1862, with Everard Hall, captain; Campbell T. 
 Iredell, 1st Lieutenant; David W. Whitaker and Geo. 
 M. Whiting, 2d Lieutenants. Other members of this 
 organization were: Nat. L. Brown, J. C. Syme, Wm. 
 J. Hall, L. M. Green, George B. Moore, W. P. Bragg, 
 Jonas Medlin, Lieut. Jas. M. Royster, Joseph Wood- 
 ard, E. A. Williams. 
 
 Other officers and men of this regiment, but mem- 
 bers of other companies, were : Col. Sion H. Rogers, 
 Chaplain W. S. Lacy, Capt. Geo. M. Whiting, Lieut. 
 Jno. T. Womble, Lieut. Chas. C. Lovejoy, Lieut. C. 
 Hutchings, Jas. F. Andrews, A. D. Royster, Jno. S. 
 Primrose, Mart. Thompson, Drum Major W. D. Smith, 
 W. C. Stronach, Richard Putney, Nicholas Gill, Geo. 
 S. Hines. 
 
 The following, residents of Raleigh, ^yere members 
 of various commands : Lieut. F. H. Busbee, 71st 
 Reg. ; Sherwood Badger ; George Badger ; Wm. Car- 
 ter, 31st Reg.; Dr. P. E. Hines, Surgeon 1st N. C. 
 Bethel Reg. ; F. J. Haywood, Adj't. 5th N. C. Reg. ; 
 C. M. Busbee, Sergt.-Major 5th N. C. Reg.; Lieut. 
 Jos. Haywood, Mallett's Bat. ; Lieut. Ethelred 
 Jones, 12th Va. Regt. ; J. C ]Marcom, Sgt. Cummings 
 Bat. ; L. D. Womble, Cumming's Bat. ; Major H. M. 
 Miller, Cox's Brigade ; W. B. Royster, oGth Reg. ; A. B. 
 Stronach, Starr's Bat. ; Rev. B. Smedes, Chaplain 5th 
 Reg. ; Lieut. Edward Smedes, 5th Reg. ; Ives Smedes, 
 Tucker's Cavalry; Lieut. A. K. Smedes; ;^^ajor W. J. 
 Saunders ; Courier G. L. Tonnoffski, 17th Reg. ; C. D. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 177 
 
 Upchurch; Lieut. Wm. Haywood; Lieut. Duncan Hay- 
 wood, 7tli Reg. ; Geo. Lovejoy, Lieut.-Col. 14th Reg. ; 
 G. N. Richardson, 52d Reg. ; A. J. McAlpin, Thos. 
 Chrisman, Major Jas. Iredell, Henry J. Brown; Sin- 
 gleton Lacy, Ya. lieg. ; Lieut. Jno. Bragg; ('apt. A. W. 
 Lawrence; Surgeon-General Chas. E. Johnson, Sur- 
 geon-General E. Burke Haywood, Col. Dan'l G. Fowle, 
 Lieut. Jno. B. Neathery, Major Jno. G. Winder, Major 
 A. M. Lewis; Jas. B. Jordan, Adjt. iMUli Reg.; Major 
 Jno. Devereux, Capt. M. A. Bledsoe; Major Thos. D. 
 Hogg ; Lieut. Thad. McGee ; Lieut. Chas. H. Thompson ; 
 (\apt. Delaniar Ilusted ; Capt. J. R. Smith, 70t]i Reg. ; 
 W. H. Bledsoe, ]Manly's Bat.; Hugli Campbell, 70th 
 Reg. ; Lieut. Jno. S. Pescud, Reese's Bat. ; J. M. 
 Towles, 70t]i Reg. ; C. S. Weddon, 70th Reg. ; Lieut. 
 Thos. G. Jenkins, 44th Reg. ; Lieut. M. B. Barbee, 6th 
 Reg. ; Capt. R. S. Tucker, 3d Cav. ; Lieut. Cadwalader 
 Iredell, 3d Cav. ; P. H. Young, 3d Cav. ; Capt. r>rury 
 Lacy, 43d Reg. ; Lieut.-Col. Ed. Graham Haywood, 7th 
 Reg.; Lieut. Thos. Badger, 43d Reg.; Lieut. Jas. Mc- 
 Kee, 7th Reg. : T. P. Devereux, 43d Reg. 
 
 EVENTS AT HOME. 
 
 There was now settled conviclion in the minds of all 
 that war was inevitable, and that although the conflict 
 miglit be brief, yet hardship and deprivation in all 
 probability would have to be endured, not only hj the 
 soldiers in the field but by their loved ones at home. 
 ]\leans were early sought to diminish, as much as 
 possible, this condition, especially in so far as the fam- 
 ilies of the soldiers were concerned. The first action 
 taken in this direction was the holding of a mass 
 
178 HISTOKICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 meeting, at which resolutions were adopted "instruct- 
 ing the mayor and commissioners to appropriate an 
 amount sufficient to furnish at least the necessaries 
 of life to the needy families of those who may enter 
 the volunteer service from the city, during their ab- 
 sence." Hon. John H. Bryan, Major Moses A. Bled- 
 soe and Rev. T. E. Skinner composed the committee to 
 draft the resolutions. It is not learned what amounts 
 were afterwards realized for this purpose, but, of 
 course, donations were liberal. 
 
 The battle of Bethel, the first engagement of the 
 war, was fought within a month after the State had 
 seceded from the Union. In Raleigh there was great 
 rejoicing over the news of our victory, announcing 
 "the defeat of 4,500 of Lincoln's hirelings by 1,160 
 North Carolinians and Virginians," as a current news- 
 paper stated it. This was the battle in which fell the 
 first martyr to the "Lost Cause" — Henry Wyatt, who, 
 although not a Raleigh boy, was a valiant soldier. 
 
 The two parties at this time — the Democratic and 
 the Whig — were known, the former as the Disunion 
 or Secession party, the latter as the Conservatives. 
 These, though nominally favoring secession, were in 
 reality Unionists. In other words, the Whigs reluc- 
 tantly favored the war, while the Democrats were anx- 
 ious for the conflict. The two leading papers — the 
 Register and the Standard — represented these par- 
 ties — the former the Whigs and the latter the Demo- 
 crats. On one occasion, in 1861, Mr. Jno. W. Syme, 
 one of the editors of the Register, having taken offense 
 at an editorial in the Standard^ challenged its editor, 
 Mr. Holden, for a duel. This was in May, 1861, be- 
 fore the State had formally withdrawn its allegiance 
 to the Union. Mr. Syme, in the note or letter consti- 
 tuting the challenge, said he had found language 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 179 
 
 used which was highly offensive to him. He added : 
 "As soon as I can procure the services of a friend you 
 shall hear further from me on the subject." J. W. 
 Cameron was the bearer of the challenge. 
 
 Mr. Holden, in refusing to accept the challenge, 
 replied : "I do not approve of or practice the code of 
 the duelist. The code of honor is barbarous and un- 
 christian. If I wrong a man I will right him and do 
 him justice. I do not fear you, nor any one else; nor 
 do I, when I know I am right, fear the public opinion 
 which sustains the code of the duelist." This was the 
 last of the matter and no more was heard of it. 
 
 At this period there were a great many Unionists 
 (as the}^ were called) in Raleigh, and much feeling 
 existed between these and the secession papers, espec- 
 ially the State Journal^ which was extremely violent 
 in its denunciation of Union men. At one time some 
 of these latter had threatened the editor. This reached 
 his ears, and the following are his observations in the 
 next issue of his paper : "A reign of terror on a small 
 scale exists in Raleigh. The people will one day open 
 their eyes to its originators. We have been notified 
 that a body of one hundred men were ready to 'ride us 
 on a rail.' They may do so, but it will be when life is 
 extinct and when we have taken some of them with us 
 to the judgment seat. We defy the whole pack." 
 
 The news of the Battle of Manassas, which was 
 fought on July 21, 1861, created great joy. One news- 
 paper headed the article announcing the battle thus : 
 "Another great victory ! The plains of Manassas ren- 
 dered immortal ! The great Army of the Potomac 
 routed ! Victory crowns our arms ! The Hessians 
 flee! The Confederates pursue! One hundred and 
 sixty thousand men on the field ! Great slaughter on 
 both sides!" After describing the battle, the paper 
 
180 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 thus expresses its enthusiasm : "This blow will shake 
 the Northern Union in every bone — the echo will 
 reverberate round the globe. It secures the indepen- 
 dence of the Southern Confederacy." 
 
 Dr. Chas. E. Johnson, of Raleigh, who was then Sur- 
 geon-General of the State, with several of his staif , 
 was at once dispatched to the hospitals near Manas- 
 sas, to render proper assistance to the wounded. Some 
 visible signs of victory soon appeared, for in the early 
 fall of that year more than two hundred Yankee pris- 
 oners passed through Raleigh — "on their way to win- 
 ter quarters in Columbia," as one paper stated. 
 
 The first Regimental Hospital was organized in 
 May, 1861, by Dr. P. E. Hines, who accompanied the 
 1st Regiment to Yorktown as its surgeon. 
 
 The first military hospital for North Carolina 
 troops was established in Raleigh in April, 1861, by 
 Dr. E. Burke Haywood. The memory of this good 
 man is revered b}^ many old soldiers, who were re- 
 lieved of much pain and saved from an untimely 
 death by his great love, skill and sympathy. The hos- 
 pital was subsequently known as Pettigrew Hospital. 
 Mr. W. H. Dodd was for some time hospital steward. 
 
 SACKING OF NEWSPAPER OFFICES. 
 
 For more than two years anterior to the period 
 herein mentioned there had not been entire unanimity 
 between the Raleigh newspapers in regard to the pol- 
 icy thought proper for the Confederacy to pursue in 
 regard to the war, the State Journal favoring the "last 
 man and last dollar" course, while Mr. Holden's pa- 
 per, the Standard., insisted on policies of peace on less 
 stringent terms. This was as well known to soldiers 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 181 
 
 at the front as to citizens at home, and their disap- 
 proval of siieh policy culminated in disaster to the 
 publication of the paper for some time. The soldiers 
 who sought an expression of their displeasure were 
 members of Col. Wright's regiment, Benning's (Geor- 
 gia) Brigade, and the opportunity was furnished 
 them while being delayed in Raleigh a few hours on 
 their way from Xorthern Virginia to Chicamauga in 
 1863. 
 
 On their arrival here, one night in September of the 
 above mentioned year, they soon learned of the situa- 
 tion of the Standard office, when they at once marched 
 in a bod}^ to the object of their violence, and without 
 ceremony proceeded to batter down the doors of the 
 building from which this paper had been published. 
 They grasped everything within their reach, and then 
 the Avork of destruction began. Nothing upon which 
 they could lay their hands was spared from injury. 
 Cases of type Avere emptied on the floor, and many of 
 them flung into the street; the ponderous marble slabs 
 on which lay the pages of set type, ready for the next 
 issue, were turned over, throwing the type into a huge 
 heap on the floor, and kegs of ink turned out or spilt 
 over everything. For some unknown cause the press 
 escaped, perhaps because it was in another part of the 
 building. 
 
 During this proceeding, Gov. Vance was made ac- 
 quainted with the affair, who lost no time in going 
 rapidly to the scene to avert, if possible, the destruc- 
 tion of the office. He arrived, however, too late, for 
 the soldiers had accomplished their purpose. 
 
 ^fr. Holden was not without friends and supporters, 
 so on the day following they proposed to be avenged. 
 About nine o'clock in the morning the town bell was 
 heard to rino; visrorouslv, as if for an alarm of fire. Of 
 
182 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 course a great crowd gathered, as usual, at the market- 
 house. On the south side of this, on the site of G. S. 
 Tucker & Co.'s store, was the office of the State Jour- 
 nal. Before the bell had ceased ringing it was ob- 
 served that a scene similar to the one above described 
 was again being enacted in this office — not by sol- 
 diers this time, however, but by "Union men," (or 
 "red strings," as they were sometimes called), and 
 supporters of the Standard's peace policy. The leader 
 of the crowd was Mark Williams, a man of great de- 
 termination, who declared his intention of lending 
 his aid toward meting out to the Journal the same 
 fate as had been suifered by the Standard the night 
 before. No less than forty people, mostly young men, 
 joined in this work of destruction, and but a few 
 minutes were required to show how intense had been 
 their spirit of retaliation. Every case of type was 
 pitched out of the windows, and all the other printing 
 material of every description rendered absolutely 
 worthless. In this instance the printing-press did not 
 escape — it was broken to pieces and so completely de- 
 molished that repair was beyond hope. 
 
 During this time the police Avere powerless, for, be- 
 sides their numerical weakness, their inability to cope 
 with the mob was augmented by their knowledge of 
 the violent character of the men composing the mob. 
 
 The Journal did not again make its appearance. 
 The next issue of the Standard was delayed for more 
 than a month. 
 
 The course of events which now followed until the 
 close of the war, though of vast moment, many of 
 them, to the people of the State and our Southland, 
 yet as they touched not the interests of Raleigh more 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 183 
 
 particularly than other sections, to relate them here 
 would be foreign to the scope and purpose of this pub- 
 lication. Therefore, after an account of the closing 
 scenes of the great drama, as witnessed here, and 
 which consisted of the surrender of the city to the 
 Union forces, under General W. T, Sherman, on the 
 13th of April, 1865; a brief reference to the Confed- 
 erate Veterans ; and the visit of President Johnson to 
 his native city in 1867, our story of Raleigh of the 
 olden times will close. 
 
 SURRENDER OF RALEIGH TO FEDERAL FORCES. 
 
 It was not until the arrival of Sherman's 'dvmj in 
 Goldsboro, in April, 1865, and his long halt at that 
 place, for the purpose of refitting and recruiting his 
 exhausted troops, that the people of Raleigh enter- 
 tained any serious apprehensions of being visited by 
 the enemy. 
 
 JOHNSON'S RETREAT. 
 
 The surrender of General Lee, which took place on 
 the 9th of April, 1865, rendered it absolutely necessary 
 that General Johnson should retreat as rapidly as pos- 
 sible to Western North Carolina. The news of Lee's 
 surrender reached Raleigh on the 10th, and it was 
 then that our people realized the fact that in our im- 
 mediate vicinity the closing acts of the great drama 
 would take place, and that in all probability "an army 
 of occupation" would be quartered upon us to destroy 
 what little of our substance remained. We were nolt 
 long in suspense. About the 10th of April the ad- 
 vance of Johnson's retreating army entered and 
 
184 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 passed through the citj. It was truly a sad sight ; the 
 band played Dixie, and the worn out veterans seemed 
 to arouse up every muscle to appear in their best 
 plight; their careworn faces, however, told the sad 
 tale, and silently they wended their way westward. 
 They were several days in passing through, and, as 
 the}^ came, the news was communicated that the 
 "Yankees" were near at hand. 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR A FOR^^IAL SURRENDER. 
 
 In the meantime it was considered best that the city 
 authorities should take some steps for the proper sur- 
 render of the city, which Johnson's retreat would nec- 
 essarily leave at the mercy of the enemy. .V meeting 
 of the Board of Aldermen, then called Commissioners, 
 was called, and a committee appointed, consisting of 
 several members of that body and some four or five 
 other citizens. The duties of the committee thus ap- 
 pointed were understood to be somewhat as follows : 
 They were expected to meet the advance of the Federal 
 army a short distance from the city and formally sur- 
 render the same. The particular manner in which 
 the programme was to be carried out was left, to a 
 great extent, to Mayor W. H. Harrison. 
 
 The night of the 12th of April was one of extreme 
 anxiety. Gen. Wade Hampton with his cavalry force 
 occupied the city, nor did many of them leave until 
 within a few hours of the enemy's approach to the cor- 
 porate limits. Col. Harrison was up the entire night 
 in the discharge of his official duty. It was known 
 that many of Hampton's Cavalry, as was natural un- 
 der the circumstances, were desperate and daring men. 
 and the utmost vigilance on the part of the civil au- 
 thorities was necessary to preserve the peace. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 185 
 
 DEPARTURE OF THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 The morning of the 13th of April was a gloomy one 
 indeed. A steady rain had set in and the sky was 
 draped with black and ominous looking clouds. 
 About sunrise the committee procured a carriage and 
 proceeded out on the Holleman road to a point where 
 it was crossed by the fortifications. The carriage 
 contained, among others, Kenneth Rayner, P. F. Pes- 
 cud. Mayor Harrison, Dr. E. B. Haywood, Alexander 
 Creech and W. R. Richardson, the latter riding on the 
 seat with the driver and carrying a staff to which was 
 attached a white handkerchief to be used as a flag of 
 truce. Arriving at their destination they awaited, 
 amidst a drenching rain, the coming of the enemy. 
 
 THE '^'YAMvEES" in SIGHT. 
 
 About 8 o'clock, from the summit of the hill beyond 
 Walnut Creek, near the residence of the late W. H. 
 Holleman, was seen a body of horsemen approaching 
 Suddenly they were observed to halt and one of the 
 foremost leveled a field spy-glass towards the place 
 occupied by the committee. Then it was that Mr. 
 Richardson, who had been assigned the duty of waving 
 the flag of truce, stuck the emblem of peace on the 
 top of the fortification. A few minutes afterward a 
 detachment rode up to the committee, the officer in 
 charge enquiring, ''What does this mean?" Mr. Ray- 
 ner replied that they were a joint delegation of city 
 officials and citizens, who, in the absence of any mili- 
 tary organizations, desired to surrender the city and 
 ask protection for its non-combatants and public and 
 private property. The officer replied that Gen. Kil- 
 patrick alone had authority to arrange terms of sur 
 render. 
 13 
 
186 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 AN INTERVIEW WITH KILPATRICK. 
 
 The officer with his escort then returned to the main 
 body of troops, and in a short while Gen. Judson Kil- 
 patrick, the notorious Federal cavalry commander, 
 made his appearance before them. Mr. Rayner stepped 
 forward and said : "This is Gen. Kilpatrick, I pre- 
 sume." "That is my name," replied Kilpatrick, 
 "whom do I address?" "My name, sir, is Rayner — 
 Kenneth Rayner," replied our spokesman, "and 1 
 have been selected to formally surrender the city of 
 Raleigh to Gen. Sherman's army." Mr. Rayner made 
 an earnest and tender appeal for the protection of the 
 city and her people, at which the committee found it 
 difficult to repress their feelings, and tears moistened 
 the eyes of all. Kilpatrick received the words of the 
 speaker with cold indifference. He said he would pro- 
 tect the lives and property of all who yielded "obe- 
 dience to law and order, but should pursue with re- 
 lentless fury all traitors in armed opposition to the in- 
 tegrity of the Union." 
 
 The committee then returned to the city. 
 
 AT THE enemy's MERCY — AN INCIDENT. 
 
 In a short while after the committee had returned, 
 Kilpatrick's cavalry began to enter the city. Passing 
 rapidly up Fayetteville street towards the capitol, 
 suddenly they came to a check, and at the same in- 
 stant was heard a loud exclamation, "Hurrah for the 
 Southern Confederacy !" accompanied by the report of 
 a pistol in the hands of a Confederate officer, mounted 
 and occupying the middle of the street between what 
 is now Hicks's Pharmacy and the Christian Advocate 
 office. He had fired at Kilpatrick advance. Attempt- 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 187 
 
 ing to escape, he was captured and carried before Kil- 
 patrick in tlie Capitol Square. 
 
 Said tlie orderly having the prisoner in charge to 
 Kilpatrick, "General, here is the man who fired at our 
 advance." 
 
 "To whose command do you belong?" asked Kil- 
 Patrick. 
 
 "I belong to Hamilton's Cavalry, and am from 
 Texas," replied the man. 
 
 "Don't you know, sir, what the penalty is for re- 
 sisting after terms of surrender have been agreed 
 upon?" said Kilpatrick. 
 
 "I knew nothing about the surrender, and I didn't 
 shoot at anybody." 
 
 "I understood," said Kilpatrick, "that you are one 
 of these fellows who have been breaking open stores, 
 and committing robbery during last night and early 
 this morning, and your action to-day has endangered 
 tlie lives of many of the citizens of this toAvn; you 
 deserve death, sir. Orderly," he continued, "take this 
 man out where no ladies can see him, and hang him.'' 
 
 Efforts were made by some of our prominent citi- 
 zens to save the man who was about to yield up his 
 life for an act of folly, but to no purpose — he was 
 taken to the southeast corner of what was then known 
 as the Rayner Grove, beyond the Governor's Mansion, 
 and hung to a tree, under whicli he was buried. His 
 remains were afterwards taken up and deposited near 
 the northwest corner of the Confederate Cemetery. 
 
 A similar incident, ending more fortunately, soon 
 afterwards took place. 
 
 Early on the morning of the surrender. Lieutenant 
 James, of the Confederate service, who had been at- 
 tached to the Provost Marshal's office here, while re- 
 turning on horseback from a visit to lady friends in 
 
188 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 the northeastern part of the city, was met by some of 
 Kilpatrick's Cavalry who, observing that he wore the 
 uniform of a Confederate officer, summoned him to 
 surrender. This he refused to do, but endeavored to 
 defend himself by reaching for his pistol. He was, 
 however, overpowered and taken prisoner. This was 
 soon after Kilpatrick had so summarily disposed of 
 
 HON. N. B. BKOUGHTON. 
 
 Senator from Wake. 
 
 the unfortunate Texan. Being also carried before 
 Kilpatrick, the latter, looking the young officer sternly 
 in the face, said : 
 
 "Who are you, sir?" 
 
 "My name, sir, is James — Lieutenant James, of the 
 Confederate service," was the reply. 
 
 "Why are you not with your command? What are 
 you doing straggling about? Are you a spy?" in- 
 quired Kilpatrick. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 189 
 
 "I am no straggler or spy either — I am attached to 
 the Provost Marshal's office in this city," answered 
 James. 
 
 "Ah, indeed," said Kilpatrick, "so much the worse 
 for you, sir; you must have known of the surrender 
 of the city, and yet, as I am informed, joii showed 
 fight when my men attempted to arrest you." 
 
 "I did not know of the surrender," said James; "I 
 had been visiting, and supposed from the action of 
 3^our men that a skirmish was going on between your 
 advance and some of General Hamilton's rear. Such 
 being my impression, I attempted to defend myself — 
 I would do so again, sir." 
 
 "I have just hung a man for an offense similar to 
 yours, sir," said Kilpatrick. 
 
 "Very well, sir,'' said James, "you have me in your 
 power — you can hang me if you like." 
 
 As this was said, a thrill of terror ran through the 
 bystanders, for there were numbers of our citizens on 
 the spot, who surely thought that the reply would 
 be an order for another execution. Kilpatrick paused 
 a moment, and looking the young oflflcer full in the 
 face — the latter returning the gaze in a bold and de- 
 fiant manner — answered : 
 
 "No, I'll not hang you. Orderly," he continued, 
 addressing the man in charge of the squad, "take 
 charge of this young man until further orders." 
 
 James was taken from the guards and placed in 
 prison. He was released on parole in a few days. 
 
190 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 
 
 News of the assassination of the President was re- 
 ceived here on the 15th of April, 1865, — the day fol- 
 lowing the tragedy. The news spread rapidly among 
 the soldiers of the army as well as among the citizens 
 of the town. As the story spread from mouth to mouth 
 the dimensions of the affair hugely increased, and the 
 perpetrators of the deed were declared to be promi- 
 nent" offlcers of the Confederate Government, acting 
 directly under instructions from President Davis and 
 his Cabinet. Of course there were not wanting those 
 who sought by the most absurd recitals to add fuel to 
 the flames of excitement, in the hopes of exciting the 
 mob element of the Federal army to wreak vengeance 
 upon the inhabitants of the city, and thereby afford an 
 excuse for plunder and other outrageous deeds of vio- 
 lence. In the meantime a few of the citizens endeav- 
 ored to obtain authentic information concerning the 
 assassination from General Sherman, but without 
 avail. 
 
 A NIGHT OF TERROR. 
 
 On the 15th, night fell upon our people in a state of 
 the wildest excitement and alarm. All kinds of ru- 
 mors were afloat as to the intention of the army. 
 Crowds of soldiers were to be seen standing at the cor- 
 ners of the different streets, loud in their expressions 
 of indignation, and open in their declarations to have 
 vengeance for what they termed the "rebel murder." 
 It was a terrible time. Many of the citizens petitioned 
 for extra guards. Hundreds of people sat up during 
 the entire night, expecting every moment mob vio- 
 lence. About 9 o'clock additional alarm was created 
 by the alarm of "Are !" Many thought that the work 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 191 
 
 of destruction had commenced. Hundreds of citizens 
 repaired to the scene of the flames, but the cause of 
 excitement was happily discovered to be the acciden- 
 tal burning of a deserted workshop in the remote 
 southeastern section of the city. The remaining por- 
 tion of the night passed off in a comparatively quiet 
 manner. 
 
 It is authoritatively stated that but for the prompt 
 action of Major-General Logan a mob would have 
 sacked the city on the night above alluded to. He had 
 arrived in the city during the day from Morrisville, 
 and was, in the early part of the night, at the house of 
 a well-known citizen, when he was called out by a pri- 
 vate soldier, who told him that a part of his com- 
 mand, encamped near the Insane Asylum, were on 
 their way to the city for the purpose of burning it. He 
 immediately mounted his horse and met the mob at 
 the bridge over Kocky Branch, where with mingled 
 threats and entreaties he dissuaded them from their 
 vile purpose. 
 
 SHERMAN SUSPENDS A NEWSPAPER. 
 
 At the time of the surrender of the cit}^, aniong other 
 papers published here was the Daily Progress. After 
 Sherman's occupation this journal was permitted to 
 continue issuing its regular editions. The late Col. 
 W. R. Richardson, of Raleigh ( father of our esteemed 
 townsman, Mr. Walter Richardson), was one of the 
 proprietors. A few days after Lincoln's assassination 
 the paper was seen to contain an article reflecting 
 upon Sherman for allowing private property to be 
 taken for army purposes without compensation. The 
 property alluded to was the residence of the late Dr. 
 F. J. Haywood, at the head of Fayetteville street. 
 
192 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Early in the forenoon of the same day Col. Richardson 
 received the following note from Gen. Sherman, run- 
 ning somewhat as follows: 
 
 "To the Proprietors of the Progress: 
 
 "You are hereby ordered to suspend your paper and 
 report at once to headquarters. 
 
 (Signed) "W. T. Sherman." 
 
 Col. Richardson prepared as soon as possible to obey 
 the summons, while, in the language of that gentle- 
 man himself, "the ghost of the unfortunate Texan 
 flitted before him, and the case-mated walls of For- 
 tress Monroe angrily frowned in prospect." Appear- 
 ing before Sherman, the latter said, "So you are an 
 editor?" and continued: "There is one thing I want 
 you newspaper men to understand, and that is, you 
 are not conducting a newspaper in Massachusetts or 
 New York, but in a conquered territory ; and I'll have 
 you to understand that if you can't carry on your pa- 
 pers without reflecting on my army, I am determined 
 that they shall be suspended." 
 
 An explanation was made by Col. Richardson which 
 was deemed suflicient to excuse him from what Sher- 
 man thought had been almost treasonable, and the 
 Progress afterwards made its appearance as usual. 
 
 About the 25th of April Gen. Sherman left the army 
 in command of Schofield, and proceeded to Savannah, 
 for the purpose of directing matters in South Carolina 
 and Georgia. Upon his return to Raleigh arrange- 
 ments were made for the disposition of the forces un- 
 der his command. The Tenth and Twenty-third Corps, 
 together with Kilpatrick's Cavalry Division, were or- 
 dered to remain in North Carolina until further or- 
 ders. Most of the remaining portion of the army was 
 
 1 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 193 
 
 ordered to march to Washington, where a grand re- 
 view took place on the 24th of May. On the 30th of 
 the same month Sherman issued his farewell orders to 
 his troops. 
 
 RETURN OF THE CONFEDERATE VETERANS. 
 L. O'B. BRANCH CAMP 515 U. C. Y. 
 
 Officers : 
 
 A. B. Stronach, Commander. 
 
 J. S. Allen, 1st Lieut. Commander. 
 
 W. H. Hughes, 2d Lieut. Commander. 
 
 J. C. BiRDSONG, Adjutant. 
 
 R. H. Bradley, R. H. Brooks, Color Bearers. 
 
 W. D. Smith, Drum Major. 
 
 Of the large number of officers and men in Raleigh 
 who went forth to battle for victory, all now remain- 
 ing, who reside still in their boyhood home, to tell the 
 story of their struggles, their deprivations, their 
 hopes, their triumphs, and alas ! their defeat, are the 
 following. Most of these are members of the above 
 organization : 
 
 Jas. D. Newsom, N. W. West, Telfair Hall, J. Pugh 
 Haywood, Jos. A. Haywood, Chas. McKimmon, J. J. 
 Lewis, Chas. W. Beavers, Wm. L. Gooch, Wm. J. Hall, 
 W. Loftin Nowell, David W. Royster, Sim. Smith, 
 Jno. D. Thompson, W, W. Wynne, J. C. Syme, Alfred 
 Lewis, L. M. Greene, C. Hutchings, Mart Thompson, 
 W. D. Smith, Richard Putney, Dr. F. J. Haywood, 
 C. M. Busbee, F. H. Busbee, C. R. Harris, J. C. Mar- 
 com, L. D. Womble, W. B. Royster, A. B. Stronach, 
 W. J. Saunders, Geo. L. Tonnofifski, M. A. Bledsoe, 
 
194 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Dr. T. D. Hogg, Dr. Jas. McKee, T. P. Devereux, Jno. 
 S. Pescud, M. B. Barbee, D. H. Young, Thos. Badger. 
 
 " Furl that banner ! True 'tis gory, 
 Yet 'tis wreathed around with glory, 
 And 'twill live in song and story, 
 
 Though its folds are in the dust. 
 For its fame on brightest pages, 
 Penned by poets and by sages. 
 Shall go sounding down the ages — 
 
 Furl its folds though now we must." 
 
 — Ret. Father Ryan, 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 195 
 
 MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AFTER THE WAR. 
 
 As showing the condition of things in city affairs 
 shortly after the termination of the war, the following, 
 it is thought, may prove not uninteresting : 
 
 W. W. Holden having been made Provisional Gov- 
 ernor on the 29th of May, 1865, by President Johnson, 
 the former, on June 30, appointed W. H. Harrison, 
 Mayor; W. R. Richardson, Treasurer; J. J. Christo- 
 phers, Clerk ; J. J. Betts, Chief Constable. The Com- 
 missioners were : Alexander Creech, C. M. Farris and 
 Parker Overby, representing the Western Ward; W. 
 R. Richardson, H. Mahler and A. L. Lougee, the Mid- 
 dle Ward; N. S. Harp, J. J. Overby and Hackney 
 Pool, the Eastern Ward. 
 
 At a special meeting of the Commissioners on July 
 18th of same year, as evidencing the loyalty of the 
 citizens of Raleigh to the United States Government, 
 a resolution was adopted, as follows: "Resolved, 
 That it is the opinion of the Commissioners of the city 
 of Raleigh, derived as well from their personal inter- 
 course as from well accredited reports, that the citi- 
 zens have willingly accepted the terms of peace and 
 restoration to the Union, tendered by the President 
 of the United States, and are now loyal and obedient 
 to the Federal Government." 
 
 It was not until October, however, that it was 
 learned that we were free from military rule, for on 
 the 10th of that month it was ordered by the Commis- 
 sioners, "that a committee be appointed to wait on the 
 Governor and Provost Marshal and ascertain if the 
 city is turned over to the civil authorities." At the 
 same meeting "W. H. & R. S. Tucker were appointed 
 auctioneers for the city," as was also B. P. Williamson 
 &Co. 
 
196 HISTORICAL EALEIGH. 
 
 The committee above mentioned, after obeying the 
 instructions of the Board, at a subsequent meeting 
 reported that they had "waited on the Governor, Avho 
 so understands that the city is turned over," etc. 
 
 At a meeting of the Commissioners on October 25, 
 it was "Ordered : That a captain of the police of the 
 city be appointed, whose duty it shall be to station 
 himself at or near the guardhouse during the night 
 (unless otherwise called off by duty), whose duty it 
 shall be, in case of riot or other disorder, to cause the 
 town bell to be rung, calling the entire police force to 
 repair to the scene of disorder and quell the disturb- 
 ance, and afterwards to repair to their respective 
 beats." 
 
 On October 28, it was ordained by the Board "that 
 no free person of color shall serve in any storehouse 
 or shop within the corporation where ardent spirits 
 are sold, as tapster or bar-keeper, or in any way assist 
 in the vending of such ardent spirits in such store- 
 house or shop, under a penalty of ten dollars." Three 
 days thereafter the ordinance was repealed. 
 
 Before 1867 the meetings of the Board of Commis- 
 sioners seemed to have been secret, as it is found by 
 the minutes of the meeting held in January of that 
 year that "it was moved and agreed that the doors of 
 the mayor's office be thrown open to all citizens at the 
 time of the meetings of the Board." 
 
 As throwing some light on the question of domestic 
 animals running at large, it may be interesting to the 
 average resident of Raleigh to learn that at a meeting 
 of the Board of Commissioners about that time, it was 
 "ordered that the chief of police be allowed two per- 
 sons two days in each week for the purpose of taking 
 up all hogs and goats running at large, and that they 
 be allowed the sum of |1.50 per day each for their ser- 
 vices." 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 197 
 
 The city seems to have been pushed for revenue, too, 
 about this time, for a tax of fifteen cents was imposed 
 "on each beef and five cents on each sheep sold on 
 Market Square." 
 
 A NOTABLE EVENT. 
 
 The visit of President Andrew Johnson to Raleigh, 
 the place of his birth, on June 3, 1867, was an occasion 
 of much interest, not merely because he was a Presi- 
 dent, but for the additional reason that it was here 
 he was born and from the humblest station in life Lad 
 risen to the most distinguished position in the gift of 
 the people of the United States. 
 
 The President's visit was occasioned by the comple- 
 tion of the monument that had but a shoxt while be- 
 fore been erected to the memory of his father, Jacob 
 Johnson, who died in 1712, and in response to an 
 invitation hj the city to be present at the memorial 
 exercises to be observed on June 4th, following. 
 The President was accompanied by Secretary of 
 State Seward, whose life had been so seriously at- 
 tacked on the night of President Lincoln's assassina- 
 tion in Washington, and Postmaster-General Randall. 
 
 The President and party were met at the depot by 
 a large concourse of people, more than two-thirds of 
 whom were colored — the other third being made up of 
 military. State and municipal authorities, and white 
 citizens. Gov. Worth, ExGovernors Graham, Swain, 
 Manly and Bragg, together with Judge E. G. Reade, 
 B. F. Moore, Esq., and Mayor Dallas Haywood, hon- 
 ored the occasion with their presence. 
 
 Mayor Haywood tendered the hospitalities of the 
 city in a brief address, when the President responded 
 
198 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 by returning his gratification at the kindness of the 
 citizens of his native town, who had known him long- 
 est and best and who thus honored him. 
 
 After the arrival of the distinguished guests at the 
 Yarborough House, Gov. Worth introduced the Presi- 
 dent from the balcony, to the large audience which 
 had gathered. This was feelingly responded to by 
 Mr. Johnson, who said, among other things, that forty- 
 one years before, poor and penniless, he had left his 
 native town to make his way in the world. He had 
 ever loved his native State, and though she had not 
 been to him a cherishing mother, nevertheless she was 
 his mother. He would not discuss political matters, 
 said he, but invoked all to stand by the Union and the 
 Constitution. Before closing his remarks, he ad- 
 dressed himself to the young men of the city and badi? 
 them labor to make themselves men of learning, dis- 
 tinction and power. 
 
 On Tuesday the President gave a public reception 
 in the House of Representatives, after which, accom- 
 panied by Secretary Seward, Postmaster-General Ran- 
 dall, the State and municipal authorities, and Ex- 
 Governor Swain (who was orator of the day), he re- 
 paired to the City Cemetery (corner of Morgan and 
 East streets) to witness the memorial exercises at the 
 erection of the monument of his father, Jacob John 
 son. Ex-Governor Swain then delivered the address 
 in the presence of a vast assembly. 
 
 On the next day the President returned to Wash- 
 ington. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 199 
 
 RALEIGH'S CENTENNIAL CELEBRA- 
 TION. 
 
 In 1892, it was thought eminently fitting that there 
 should be celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of 
 the founding of the city of Raleigh. To this end, an ad- 
 dress was printed and sent throughout the State and 
 to a great number of distinguished native North Caro- 
 linians then residing in other States, inviting them 
 to be present on the 18th, 19th and 20th of October, 
 to Join in the festivities. 
 
 Besides a festival recalling colonial days, and a 
 magnificent pyrotechnic display, there was a grand 
 allegorical and trade procession. Appropriate ser- 
 vices were held in all the churches, but the most elab- 
 orate observance took place at the Church of the 
 Good Shepherd (Protestant Episcopal), in commem- 
 oration of the one hundredth anniversary of the con- 
 secration on American soil of a Bishop of the Protest- 
 ant Episcopal Church. This was at the morning 
 service. At night the service commemorated the Cen- 
 tennial of Raleigh and the quadri-centennial of the 
 landing of Columbus. Hon. Chas. M. Busbee, of Ra- 
 leigh, delivered an able address, as did also Hon. Geo. 
 T. Winston. 
 
 The most attractive feature of the celebration was 
 the procession, in which were a great number of 
 "floats" or "cars," (as they were called), constructed 
 to represent different historical events, some of which 
 were the following: Sir Walter Raleigh before Queen 
 Elizabeth ; reception of Lafayette in Raleigh in 1825, 
 by Governor Burton. Included in this scene was a 
 faithful representation of Lafayette and Miss Eliza- 
 beth Haywood before Canova's statue of Washington, 
 
200 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 during Lafayette's visit to Kaleigh the above men- 
 tioned year. 
 
 In the procession also was a fac simile representa- 
 tion of the "Tornado," the first locomotive that came 
 to Raleigh, for the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, with 
 a freight car attached, the original coming here in 
 1840. One of its first engineers, Mr, Albert Johnson, 
 (now deceased) — was on the "float," and held the 
 throttle as he had of the original engine fifty years 
 before. Another "float" was in commemoration of 
 the services of citizens of Raleigh in the War of 1812. 
 This was represented by five Raleigh gentlemen, whose 
 ancestors, in a direct line, served in that struggle. 
 Four veterans of the Mexican War represented that 
 event, viz., Messrs. Mordecai B. Barbee, H. W. Earp, 
 Wm. H. High and W. A. Lamb. Eight ex-soldiers of 
 the Civil War, attired in the identical grey uniform 
 they had worn thirty years before, honored the mem- 
 ory of the Lost Cause. 
 
 On Tuesday evening, the 18th, Dr. Kemp P. Battle 
 delivered an historic oration, and on Wednesday night 
 a grand display of fireworks was witnessed at Moore 
 Square by not less than ten thousand people, the fes- 
 tivities of the Centennial occasion closing on Thurs- 
 day night with a magnificent ball at Stronach's audi 
 torium. 
 
IIISTOKICAL KAl.KKill. 201 
 
 A GLANCE AT RALEIGH OF TO-DAY. 
 
 THE CITY A CENTRE, FINANCIALLY, INDUSTRIALLY AND 
 
 SOCIALLY— TME EDUCATIONAL HEART Of THE 
 
 STATE— ITS REMARKABLE GROWTH AND 
 
 CONSTANT DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 IJaldgh was born a State capital. The wise men of 
 the State selected the location when it was a primeval 
 forest because it possessed every natural advantage. 
 There is no finer climate in the world. It was built 
 ill a iiiauiiiHcent natural oak forest. It is on an ele- 
 vation and well drained. It is centrally located, and 
 is surrounded by a fertile section, whose lands are 
 well adapted to diversified agricultur(\ It is the 
 ca|>ital (tf a large and ]»rosperous county, ])eo])led for 
 generations by a fine class of men and A\'omen, noted 
 I'oi' their ]);!triotism and their hospitality. 
 
 l>orn as the political centre of tlu^ State, many yeai's 
 l»assed before its p(^o])le a])))reciate<l the importance of 
 establishing manufacturing in<lustries that would gix'e 
 eni])!oynH^nt to hundreds of skilled workers. But Ihe 
 |)i'esent gcMieration, alive to the industrial activities 
 of the times, has come to a])j>i'eciate that city growth 
 and manufacturing are synonymous terms. AVithin 
 the ])ast ten or twelve^ years thrcM' large cotton facto- 
 ri(\s and two large knitting mills have been established 
 in addition to other industries that give employment 
 to hundr(^ds of im^i and women. The success of the 
 industries Ihat have l)een establislied has l)een so 
 marked that the establ isliment of otliers is on foot, 
 and on),\- recently the stock Avas subsci'ibed for th(^ es- 
 tablishment of a collar and cuff factory, to lie man- 
 aged by an ex])ei't from Troy, X. Y.. the centre of man- 
 
202 
 
 IIISTOIUCAL KALEIGII. 
 
 ufactiire of collars and cuffs. The spiiit of progress 
 is alive, capitalists at home and abroad have their ej'es 
 upon llaleigh, and the next ten years will witness a 
 development that will double IJaleigh's mannfactnr- 
 ing j)lants. 
 
 The cotton and tobacco industries are referred to at 
 Icniith hereafter. 
 
 HON. A. M. I'OWKI.I., 
 
 .Mavor of Unlrisli. 
 
 II should be emphasized that Raleigh is the educa- 
 tional centre of North Carolina. Mor<' young men 
 and young women are educated in IJalcigh than in 
 any other city (d" the State, and the fame and patron- 
 age of its schools and colleges are not confined lo 
 State lines. 
 
 Tt is likewise and nalurally a centre of literary life, 
 embracinii' manv of the first minds in the State and 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 203 
 
 attracting hither men of talent in all the professions 
 and callings. 
 
 In Oakwood Cemetery are monuments erected to 
 the memory of many of the State's distinguished dead, 
 and in Capitol Square within the past few years a 
 magnificent monument has been erected to the mem- 
 ory of the Confederate dead, and a speaking bronze 
 statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, twice a resident of 
 Raleigh while Governor of the State. Soon a bronze 
 statue of Ensign Worth Bagley, a native of Raleigh, 
 the first to give his life for his country in the Spanish- 
 American war, and the only naval officer to be killed 
 in that war, will be placed in Capitol Square. 
 
 As a resident city, Raleigh is as near perfect as any 
 city could be desired. Its beautiful homes; wide 
 macadamized streets; its well-kept lawns; its three 
 parks in the very heart of the city and its large and 
 delightful park in the western limit; its Raney Li- 
 brary, the pride of the city and the best public li- 
 brary that is to be found anywhere in a city of its 
 size; its elegant club house, a dream of architectural 
 beauty; its numerous social, historical and business 
 societies — all these and others go to make Raleigh a 
 thoroughly delightful residence city. Because of these 
 advantages retired business and professional men 
 have made their homes in the capital city, and it is 
 the home of a multitude of families of men whose busi- 
 ness keeps them on the road. 
 
 But it is impossible in any brief space to enumerate 
 the advantages that Raleigh offers to home-seekers, 
 business men and manufacturers. Property has never 
 been placed at any speculative values, but can be 
 bought cheaply when the population and advantages 
 of the city are considered. There are many openings 
 for profitable investment. The city is on the eve of its 
 greatest expansion, and within the past five years has 
 
204 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 built more residences and handsome structures than 
 in any previous ten years, and the development is but 
 on its threshold. 
 
 The line water power on the Neuse, near Raleigh, 
 has been developed, and will furnish power cheaply 
 to factories. This will greatly accelerate the manu- 
 facturing growth. 
 
 Raleigh's material advancement is at this time more 
 notable than at any previous period. In almost every 
 line of business and commerce, we see marked evi- 
 dences of a rapid, but not mushroom growth. The 
 cotton manufacturing industry shows signs of a 
 steady and safe increase. All the three large cotton 
 mills in Raleigh have been enlarged, the demand for 
 their products necessitating over-time work, and the 
 stock has risen from fifteen to twenty-five per cent in 
 value within the last few years. The two knitting- 
 mills are in a most fiourishing condition also. 
 
 At the Falls of Neuse, near the city, another large 
 cotton mill has recently been established. 
 
 At Milburnie, six miles from the city, the superb 
 water-power of the Neuse River is being used by a 
 new electric company, which is transmitting the 
 power to the city for lighting and other purposes. 
 
 There is great activity and success in all the estab- 
 lished manufactures in Raleigh. All of them are run- 
 ning on full time, some of them over-time, and there 
 are new corporations organized for new manufactur- 
 ing and development which promises big things in the 
 way of adding to Raleigh's manufacturing greatness. 
 Already it has a multitude of small industries which 
 will grow into great ones. 
 
 The most conspicuous advance in Raleigh is to be 
 seen when we turn to the consideration of the work of 
 the architects and contractors. Ten years ago Ra- 
 leigh had one sole architect, who was not kept busy. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 205 
 
 To-daj a dozen expert and experienced graduates of 
 the best schools of architecture have a large clientele, 
 and there is an increasing demand for their profes- 
 sional services. The number of prosperous firms of 
 contractors and builders has increased even more 
 rapidly, and the demand for new factories, new stores 
 and new homes is even greater than the army of con- 
 tractors and skilled mechanics can keep up with. 
 
 The building of the Baptist Female University, the 
 Capital Club, the Tucker Building, the Olivia Raney 
 Library, the Carolina Trust Company's new building, 
 and the new Presbyterian church marks the departure 
 from a city of small buildings to a metropolitan city. 
 Those buildings set the pace for the new architecture 
 that is transforming Raleigh into a modern city. 
 
 Raleigh's crowning glory is its educational primacy. 
 The centre of official and political life for generations, 
 it has always been noted for its excellent educational 
 advantages. The youth from all portions of the State 
 have been attracted to Raleigh by its fine schools and 
 colleges. 
 
 SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 
 
 With its numerous schools and colleges, Raleigh can 
 well be called an educational center. The graded 
 schools are models of their kind. 
 
 The North Carolina College of Agriculture and 
 Mechanic Arts has a fine site, just beyond the western 
 corporate limits. The college is of brick, with Wake 
 County granite and Anson brownstone. It has a 
 thorough course, with military features. There is a 
 magnificent new Textile School Building, which cost 
 120,000, and the new Watauga Hall, which will cost 
 125,000. 
 
 St. Clary's School for young ladies, under Episco- 
 palian auspices, is famous throughout the South. It 
 
206 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 is now doing a greater work than ever under the presi- 
 dency of Rev. T. D. Bratton, and its career of useful- 
 ness promises much for the future. 
 
 Peace Institute, under Presbyterian patronage, is 
 another well-known school for young ladies. It has 
 an able corps of twenty instructors, and its patronage 
 embraces many States. Mr. Jas. Dinwiddle is the 
 President. 
 
 The Baptist Female University is one of the new in- 
 stitutions of the city, and has been remarkably suc- 
 cessful, having a splendid faculty and possessing 
 every advantage for doing the best work. 
 
 The Raleigh Male Academy is a splendid school for 
 boys, in its twenty-fourth year. The record of its 
 students in universities and colleges is unexcelled. 
 The aim of this school is to teach its pupils to think 
 and reason for themselves — to give them such mental 
 discipline and training as will be valuable to them in 
 after life. Mr. Hugh Morson is the highly-efiftcient 
 Principal. 
 
 Shaw University, for colored people, is a huge brick 
 structure. Adjoining is Estey Seminary for females, 
 and near by is Leonard Medical College. There is 
 also a law department. 
 
 A medical department of the State University has 
 been established in the city, with a faculty composed 
 of the leading physicians and surgeons of the State. 
 The course is two years, and is intended to supplement 
 the regular University course in medicine. Dr. Hu- 
 bert Royster, so eminent for his superior surgical 
 skill, is the Dean. 
 
 St. Augustine Normal School is a large institution 
 for the education of the colored people. It has many 
 handsome and commodious buildings. 
 
 There are State schools for the white and colored 
 blind, and the colored deaf and dumb and blind. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 207 
 
 Two orphanages have recently been established, one 
 for Methodist and one for Catholic children. 
 
 The University of North Carolina is twenty-eight 
 miles west of the cit}", Wake Forest College seventeen 
 miles north, and Trinity College twenty-eight miles 
 away. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Raleigh is the newspaper center of the State, hav- 
 ing two large morning dailies, and one evening daily. 
 Here are published the organs of the Methodist, Bap- 
 tist and Catholic denominations. There are two week- 
 lies devoted entirely to farming. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS, 
 
 The city has five banks, all sound financial institu- 
 tions, as follows : The Citizens National Bank, incor- 
 porated 1870, capital |100,000. The Commercial and 
 Farmers Bank, began business 1891, capital $100,000. 
 The National Bank of Raleigh, incorporated 1885, 
 capital |225,000. Raleigh Savings Bank, commenced 
 business 1887, capital |15,500. Mechanics Dime Say- 
 ings Bank, incorporated in 1895, capital |15,000. 
 
 Private bankers are Grimes & Vass, Raleigh Loan 
 and Trust Company, and Carolina Trust Company. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 The North Carolina Home Insurance Company, of 
 Raleigh, was organized as a fire insurance companv 
 in 1868. 
 
 The People's Mutual Benevolent Association, of 
 Raleigh, was incorporated in 1897. 
 
 The People's Benefit and Relief Association, of 
 North Carolina, is a colored institution. 
 
 The Mechanics and Investors Union is a model 
 building and loan association. 
 
208 HISTORICAL KALEIGH. 
 
 HOSPITALS AND INFIRMARIES. 
 
 The State Hospital, on Dix Hill, overlooking Ka- 
 leigh, is an asylum for the insane, accommodating 
 about 400 patients. 
 
 The Rex Hospital is a public hospital for patients 
 suffering from all except contagious diseases. 
 
 The North Carolina Soldiers Home has an appro- 
 priation from the State Treasury, and also receives 
 voluntary contributions. 
 
 St. Luke's Home for Old Ladies is managed by the 
 King's Daughters. 
 
 Leonard Medical School Hospital, Shaw Univer- 
 sity, is for the colored people. 
 
 St. Agnes Hospital and Training School for Nurses, 
 is also for colored people. 
 
 MANUFACTURING AND BUILDING. 
 
 The following is a partial list of enterprises that 
 have recently been added to the industries and im- 
 provements of the city. 
 
 The Melrose Knitting Mill, for manufacture of 
 men's underwear; the Williard & Ashe Hosiery Mill, 
 for which a new brick factory has been erected; the 
 Copperville Brick Company, with the most approved 
 steam brick machinery; the electric plant at Milbur- 
 nie, on Neuse River; a large cotton mill at Palls of 
 Neuse, owned in Raleigh; Norwood Cigar Fac- 
 tory; the Pogue plug tobacco factory, in new quar- 
 ters; large additions to the Caraleigh Fertilizer 
 Works; the Cotton-seed Oil Mill; the Caraleigh Ging- 
 ham Mills; the Raleigh Yarn ]Mill, and the Pilot Plaid 
 Mills. 
 
 The Water Company has greatly enlarged their 
 plant. An entirely new system of works and mains 
 have been put in by the Raleigh Gas and Electric 
 Company, at a heavy cost. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 209 
 
 The city of Raleigh rejoices in the completion of the 
 Greater Seaboard Air Line Eaihvay, which places our 
 city on the through route from Boston to Florida ; it 
 also appreciates the advantages of being on the line of 
 the Southern Ixailway system — both giving to our citi- 
 zens the advantages of frequent trains and competi- 
 tive rates. 
 
 This city now has free rural, as well as city postal 
 deliveries, and with greatly increased business re- 
 ported by the postolfice, banks, manufacturers, mer- 
 chants, and by the real estate, tobacco and cotton op- 
 erators, can confidently anticipate a continued in- 
 crease of business prosperity. 
 
 The Raleigh Leaf Tobacco Company has been organ- 
 ized within the last few months, for dealing in and 
 manufacturing leaf tobacco. Two warehouses are 
 already in active operation. 
 
 ELECTRIC RAILWAY AND LIGHT COMPANIES. 
 
 The Electric City Railroad, run by the Raleigh Elec- 
 tric Company, is about five miles in length. It en- 
 ables passengers to visit all the main points of interest 
 in the city, including the State Capitol and surround- 
 ing State buildings. Governor's Mansion, Pullen 
 Park, Brookside Park, Oakwood Cemetery, and the 
 various schools and colleges. It has lately added to 
 its line and equipment. 
 
 The Standard Gas and Electric Company and the 
 Raleigh Electric Company supply electric lights to 
 the city, the first company supplying both gas and 
 electricity. 
 
 There is also an electric fire alarm system. 
 
 THE TUCKER BUILDING. 
 
 This imposing and magnificent building is located 
 on the northwest corner of Martin and Favetteville 
 
210 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 streets, facing on Martin street, opposite the post- 
 office. The building is of pressed brici:, is imposing 
 in appearance, pleasing in design, its five stories 
 standing forth a living monument to the memory of 
 Major Tucker, and a credit to the thrift and progress 
 of the capital city. The building is five stories in 
 height, with a frontage of 72 feet on Fayetteville 
 street and 68 feet on Martin street. 
 
 THE CAROLINA TRUST BUILDING. 
 
 The handsome office building of the Carolina Trust 
 Company is situated on Fayetteville street, near the 
 postoffice. This company was organized early in the 
 year 1901, and began at once to form plans for the 
 erection of its building, and putting in the most mod- 
 ern equipments for its own banking and trust offices. 
 These are located on the first floor. The upper floors 
 are used exclusively for offices of various professions 
 and different lines of business. 
 
 On June 13, lfi02, the building was completed for 
 occupancy, and on July 22, the extensive banking ar- 
 rangements and furnishings were finished. The com- 
 pany at once threw open its doors for business. This 
 witnessed a change to meet the financial conditions of 
 the twentieth century and the demands of our citizens 
 for an institution to manage estates in trust and put 
 in active operation the industries that awaited devel- 
 opment. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 The State Capitol is a magnificent building of gran- 
 ite. It is one of the finest specimens of architecture 
 to be found in the country, 140 by 160, and 100 feet 
 high. When it was completed it was the handsomest 
 State capitol building in the United States, and 
 though others have surpassed it in size and modern 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 211 
 
 conveniences, it is still a model of architectural 
 beauty. It is a classic structure, with many attrac- 
 tive features, being modelled after the Parthenon, the 
 Lanthorn of Demosthenes, the Ionic Temple on the 
 Illisius, the Octagon Tower of Andronicus, and the 
 Acropolis of Athens. 
 
 The North Carolina Insane Asylum is 730 feet in 
 length, and has room for about 400 patients. It is 
 situated on Dix Hill, a beautiful site, and is one of the 
 finest institutions of its kind in the country. 
 
 The North Carolina Institution for the Blind occu- 
 pies Caswell Square. The colored department of this 
 institution is a spacious brick building on the opposite 
 side of the city, and is equipped in every respect for 
 this important service. 
 
 The State Penitentiary is a splendid building, con- 
 structed of brick, with granite enclosing walls, and 
 was about twenty years in construction. It is a 
 model structure of its kind. 
 
 The Agricultural Department contains the neces- 
 sary offices, the State Geological Museum ( which also 
 is a museum of the forestry, mines, fisheries, agricul- 
 ture, etc., of the State), the Corporation Commission, 
 and the rooms of the Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
 tion. A large addition is now being erected which 
 will greatly increase the attractiveness of the Mu- 
 seum. 
 
 The Supreme Court and State Library Building 
 fronts Capitol Square. Its exterior is plain, but it is 
 admirably fitted within. The State Library contains 
 45,000 volumes, and many portraits of citizens emi- 
 nent in every walk of life. 
 
 The Governor's Mansion is built of brick and mar- 
 ble, and occupies the center of Burke Square. Its 
 hall is adorned with portraits of the Governors. The 
 beautiful marble from the Nantahala, Macon County, 
 
212 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 was used in the construction of portions of the build- 
 ing. 
 
 The Postofilice Building is a splendid structure of 
 granite, erected at a cost of about half a million of 
 dollars. 
 
 Wake County Court House is a unique building of 
 brick and brownstone. It is supplied with spacious 
 fire-proof vaults for the safe keeping of records. A 
 statue of Justice ornaments the exterior of the struc- 
 ture. 
 
 There are five graded school buildings, all splen- 
 didly arranged and furnished for the important uses 
 to which they are put. 
 
 The Town Hall contains the municipal offices and 
 police headquarters, as well as providing a spacious 
 hall for public meetings, and a market square. 
 
 An elegant Union railroad passenger station has 
 been completed at a cost of eighty-five thousand dol- 
 lars, and is an adornment to the city. 
 
 The State Fair Grounds, with spacious buildings 
 and splendid race-course, are located two miles west 
 of the capitol. 
 
 The Federal and Confederate cemeteries are both 
 on the eastern boundaries. They are well kept, and 
 are adorned with appropriate monuments. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 All of the church denominations are represented, 
 and the sacred edifices are of very handsome archi- 
 tecture, adding considerably to the beauty of the city. 
 There are four Methodist, four Baptist, two Episco- 
 pal, one Catholic, one Christian, one Presbyterian, 
 and one Primitive Baptist church, besides other 
 congregations, and not including several colored 
 churches. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 213 
 
 CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The city is splendidly equipped with au ample sup- 
 ply of excellent water, an efficient Board of Health 
 and careful sanitary inspection, a complete sewerage 
 system, a city hospital, a well-fitted up fire depart- 
 ment ; it has an Academy of Music, Metropolitan Hall, 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union, a Home for 
 Old Ladies and Incurables. 
 
 PUBLIC ROADS. 
 
 The people of Raleigh and Raleigh Township real- 
 ize the vast importance of good roads, and much at- 
 tention is being given to the improvement of the pub- 
 lic roads. All of the roads leading out of Raleigh 
 have already been macadamized for about six miles, 
 and the work is being pushed on to the great advant- 
 age of the locality generally and to the enhancement 
 of real estate values. It is only a matter of time when 
 the good roads will penetrate the entire county. This 
 improved condition of our roads is due, mainly, to the 
 genius and untiring industry of Mr. AY. C. McMackin, 
 Superintendent of AVake County Roads. 
 
 The Good Roads Convention here last February re- 
 sulted in still more active work. 
 
 IMPORTANCE. 
 
 Being the State capital, Raleigh is naturally the 
 political centre of the State, and here are held innu- 
 merable important meetings and conventions of all 
 kinds. This fact brings considerable business of every 
 description to the city, and occasions the presence of 
 many strangers almost continually. This gives a 
 somewhat cosmopolitan air to the place, and prevents 
 any appearance of provinciality whatsoever. As the 
 seat of the State government, here are to be seen the 
 State buildings and institutions, including the State- 
 
214 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 house, with surrounding park; the Governor's Man- 
 sion, the State Agricultural Building, State Museum, 
 containing as fine an exhibit of State products as can 
 be found in any State of the Union. The Supreme 
 
 CHARLES F. LT7MSDEN, 
 
 City Tax Collector. 
 
 Court building and State Library, with a large and 
 valuable collection of books and manuscripts, is open 
 free to visitors, and is a place of much interest. 
 
 RALEIGH CITY GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Raleigh enjoys the blessing of a good and wise city 
 government. Her Board of Aldermen is presided 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 215 
 
 over by a Mayor whose zeal for the public good has 
 won for him the sincere regard of all classes of our 
 people. This officer is A. M. Powell, Esq. The Po- 
 lice Department has for its chief Mr. J. H. Mullins. 
 
 Mr. Powell was first elected in 1899. He met every 
 expectation of his friends and the public in the dis- 
 charge of his duties, and proved an efficient and faith- 
 ful officer. Neither was any mistake made in electing 
 him for a second term. His good common sense, well- 
 known integrity and uprightness of character, have 
 proven that the possession of these qualities in a judi- 
 cial officer are quite as important in the administra- 
 tion of justice as a knowledge of technical rules of 
 legal procedure. Seldom do the guilty escape, and 
 never do the innocent suffer, when he is in control of 
 affairs. 
 
 Mr. Mullins is also serving his second term as Chief 
 of the Police Department, having been first elected in 
 1899. No man occupying a similar position in the 
 State has filled the office with more credit to himself 
 and his constituency than Mr. Mullins. Besides pos- 
 sessing executive ability of a high order, his personal 
 qualities are such as to have won for him the esteem 
 and admiration of all. 
 
 The city tax-collector is Mr. Chas. F. Lumsden. 
 Rarely does one find such a happy combination of per- 
 sonal qualities and official ability as are possessed by 
 this officer. This is evidenced by his continuance in 
 office, for he is now filling his third term. Mr. Lums- 
 den is a public-spirited citizen, and a man deeply in- 
 terested in all that makes for his fellow-man's wel- 
 fare ; he is a prominent member of the Masonic frater- 
 nity. Odd Fellows, Red ]\ren, and is Chairman of the 
 Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows Orphan Home, 
 besides occupying other positions of honor and trust. 
 
216 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 RALEIGH'S WELL-PAVED STREETS. 
 
 Conspicuous among the acts of the city government 
 during the last few years was the issue of bonds for 
 street improvements. This did more to start Ealeigh 
 forward than anything else in her history. It opened 
 up streets that were hitherto nothing but allej'S, im- 
 proved many of the main thoroughfares and enhanced 
 the value of property all over the city. Those who 
 remember Raleigh before the issue of those bonds can 
 speak eloquently on the tremendous improvement 
 wrought. 
 
 There were two issues, the first of |50,000 on Octo- 
 ber 1, 1897, at 5 per cent, and the second of |100,000 
 on July 1, 1899, at 4 per cent. Both these issues were 
 to be redeemed in thirty years. The prices they 
 brought speak of themselves for the citj^'s growth. 
 The 150,000 issue brought |109,327, and the |100,000 
 issue 1105,525. In 188;) a |50,000 issue of 5's brought 
 onlv 1105.25, and an issue of |50,000 5's in 1890 
 brought only |103.50. Thus the |100,000 4's in 1899 
 brought more than the |100,000 5's in 1899 and 1890. 
 
 As a result of these issues of bonds in 1897 and 1899, 
 Ealeigh has now eight miles of paved and macadam- 
 ized streets, and thirty-two miles of paved and curbed 
 sidewalks. The material used on the sidewalks is 
 brick, Belgian blocks and granolithic pavement. The 
 streets for heavy traffic are paved with cobble stones 
 and the rest with macadam. 
 
 This movement originated, was agitated and suc- 
 cessfully carried through, principally, by the energy 
 and business ideas of Mr. John C. Drewry, for several 
 years an Alderman and Chairman of the Street Com- 
 mittee. No man who, without compensation, has ac- 
 cepted the position of Alderman, has given Raleigh 
 more valuable service than Mr. Drewry. He is no en- 
 thusiast to spring sensational matters for considera- 
 
HISTORICAL UALKKJH. 217 
 
 tion, but having accepted the call of his constitueuts 
 to serve the city as representative from his ward, he at 
 once concentrated all his faculties and energies to in- 
 angnrate such improvements as would be permanent. 
 This h(^ thought should be done in permanent street 
 work, and to-day our people are in the enjoyment of 
 thoroughfares comparable with any in the South, and 
 the credit for which is very largely due to the wisdom, 
 persistence and personal supervision of Mr. Drewry. 
 
 In 1S07 the city took up |40,000 of the funded debt 
 bonds, sixes, and issued f25,(MI() current expense 
 bonds, fives. These sold for |109.45. The 1898 more 
 current expense bonds were issued to take the place of 
 125,000 fives floating debt bonds. These sold at par 
 on the very day that war was declared with S])ain. 
 That speaks volumes for the city's credit. Under the 
 circumstances it was rather remarkable that they 
 could be sold at all. 
 
 The amount of the sinking fund on hand March 1st 
 was |40,r)l(K The next bonds due are funded debt 
 bonds, 140,400, at per cent, on July 1, 1907. 
 
 TWO SURE EVIDENCES. 
 
 The two best evidences of a city's growing prosper- 
 ity is to be found in its postoflfice receipts and in the 
 deposits in its banks. By this test TJaleigh stands 
 among the first cifies of its po])ulation in the whole 
 country. In 189S the r(M'ei])ts at the Raleigh post- 
 oflfice were less than |30,000. For the year just closed 
 (June 30) tlu^v have risen to over 145,000. 
 
 Tn the matler of bank de])osits the gain for 1902 
 over 1892, a period of ten years, was ov(t one hundred 
 ])er cent. Here is the statement of increase: 
 
 Deposits in 1^02 12,074,027 
 
 Deposits in 1892 I,l(i5,(;il 
 
 15 
 
218 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 This gain is a fair index of the entire growth of the 
 business and manufacturing expansion of the city. 
 Ten years ago the banks of Raleigh had 
 
 Capital stock |440,000 
 
 Surplus and profits 04,709 
 
 Total capital and profits 534,709 
 
 Total deposits ten years ago 1,105,011 
 
 To-day : 
 
 Capital stock 455,000 
 
 Surplus and profits 242,702 
 
 Total capital and profits 097,702 
 
 Total deposits now 2,074,027 
 
HISTORICAL UALEIGH. 
 
 219 
 
 HORACE B. GREASON. 
 
 Mr. Greason has beeu a resident of Raleigh since 
 1890. He was born in Stnyvesant Falls, N. Y., in 
 1859. Later he removed with his parents to Cohoes, 
 in the same State, where he worked to learn the l)usi- 
 
 IIOKACE H. GKKASON, 
 
 SuptTinteiidciil Ilulcisli CDtton Mills. 
 
 ness of cotton millinii'. After remaining at Cohoes 
 for eighteen years — nntil 1881 — he removed to Utica, 
 N. Y., where he was engaged for several years with 
 the Skenandoah Mills. It was there his dnties enabled 
 him to familiarize himself with every detail of the 
 bnsiness. and in 1890 his ])roficiency in this indnstry 
 occasioned the secnrinu of his services bv the Raleigli 
 
220 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 Cottou ^lills. Subsequently, when a vacancy occurred 
 in the position of Superintendent, Mr. Greason was 
 chosen, being- the successful competitor over a large 
 number of others, who were regarded as experts as 
 Avell as himself. In 1881 he was united in marriage 
 to Miss Catherine Grey, of Cohoes, N. Y. Mr. Grea- 
 son is esteemed as one of our su])stantial citizens, and 
 is popular with a wide circle of friends. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 221 
 
 OLIVIA RANEY LIBRARY. 
 
 Soiiicoue has beautifully said: ''Carve your name 
 on hearts, and not on marble ; those who loved you and 
 were helped by you will remember you when the mar- 
 ble has crumbled and forget-me-nots have perished.'" 
 
 To no one in the vast domain of our State could this 
 sentiment be more fittiugly applied than to Richard 
 Beverly Raney, the donor of the Olivia Rauey Library 
 to the white people of Raleigh, for the donation ex- 
 ceeds in beneficence any before bestowed by anyone 
 upon any community in our commonwealth. It was 
 donated by Mr. Raney as a memoriam to his deceased 
 wife, Olivia Cowper Raney, eldest daughter of the late 
 Pulaski Cowper, of this city. 
 
 The Library was chartered in 1899, and on Febru 
 ary 1, 1900, the site and building, together with nearly 
 six thousand volumes of literature, were conveyed to 
 the Olivia Raney Library corporation. The cost of 
 this gift was over forty thousand dollars — "every 
 available dollar," it was said, "of the owner's means.'* 
 
 The building is of terra cotta brick, with tile roof, 
 and includes, besides the reading-rooms and book- 
 stacks, parlors for gentlemen and ladies, smoking- 
 room, trustees' rooms, librarians' rooms, drug store, 
 music rooms, and one of the finest auditoriums in this 
 section, the curtain being a fine painting of the Taj 
 Mahal, in Agra, India. 
 
 The running expenses of the Library are about tw<i 
 hundrt'd dollars ])er moulh, of which sum the city ap- 
 propriates one liun<lr('(l dollars; the remainder is real- 
 ized from the rents of the auditorium above and the 
 stores underneath. 
 
 The very efficient and obliging librarians are Misses 
 Jennie H. Coffin and Theodora MarslialL 
 
'Sl'l HISTOUirAL RALEIGH. 
 
 MALCUS W. PAGE. 
 
 Malciis W. Page, the present Sheriff of Wake 
 County, was born twelve miles north of Raleigh, Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1836. His first public service for the county 
 was as Register of Deeds, to which office he was ap- 
 pointed in 1883 to fill the unexpired term of W. W. 
 White. In 1884 he was elected to the same office, 
 
 M. AV. PAGE, 
 
 Democratic noraiuee for Sheriff. 
 
 which he filled during the term. He was elected to 
 the office of Sheriff in 1890, and, with the exception 
 of one term, has occupied the same continuously since. 
 Few men could be mentioned of such efficiency and 
 popularity in the discharge of their public duties as 
 IMalcus W. Page. On August 2, last, he was again 
 honored with the nomination for the same office by the 
 primaries, and this is equivalent to an election for an- 
 other term. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 223 
 
 RALEIGH TOBACCO MARKET. 
 
 The tobacco market of Raleigh dates back to Sept. 
 26, 1884, when the Stronachs opened the old Pioneer 
 Warehouse, at the corner of VYilmington and Davie 
 streets, for the sale of leaf tobacco, Mr. Frank Stron- 
 acli selling' the first pound ever sold on the market. 
 Subsequently, the Capital Tobacco Warehouse, at the 
 corner of Davie and Blount streets, was erected by 
 a stock company of enterprising citizens, and the first 
 sale held on November 12th of the same year. To 
 further meet the demands of this growing industry, 
 Capt. Thos. L. Love at once commenced building, and 
 soon completed his large warehouse, on the corner of 
 Blood worth and Davie streets, which was leased to 
 Messrs. Moore & Proctor, who opened it for business 
 on the 23d of December, under the name of the Farm- 
 ers Warehouse. Thus, with the Pioneer, Capital and 
 Farmers warehouses our market developed rapidly. 
 
 In the early days of 1885, Mr. Wm. C. Stronach con- 
 tracted for the large and commodious warehouse on 
 Wilmington, between Davie and Cabarrus streets. 
 The opening sale was held on April 15, 1885, under 
 the happiest auspices, with the largest quantities of 
 the golden weed on the floors ever seen here. 
 
 In September, 1885, Mr. Jos. E. Pogue moved his 
 large manufacturing plant from Henderson to Ra- 
 leigh, and has since been successfully engaged here 
 in the manufacture of some of the most meritorious 
 and popular brands of chewing tobacco ever put upon 
 the market. 
 
 During the following years, 1880 and 1887, Messrs. 
 T. L. Love and 'SI. A. Parker each built large prize- 
 houses, and Mr. Chas. L. Hervey, of Kinston. opened 
 another plug factory. Soon afterward ^fr. Phil. Tay- 
 
224 HISTORICAL UALEIGH. 
 
 lor retired from the grocery business here, and built 
 a large and substantial plug tobacco factory at the 
 corner of Cabarrus and Blount streets, thus giving 
 Raleigh three tobacco warehouses and three tobacco 
 factories. 
 
 Mr. Jesse G. Ball about this time commenced the 
 manufacture of smoking tobacco, having bought out 
 Mr. A. R. Love. The business interests of Raleigh re- 
 ceived a great impetus from the tobacco business thus 
 developed. 
 
 At a later period Messrs. Latta & Myatt erected a 
 large prize-house on Blount street, corner of Martin, 
 and Messrs. Julius Lewis »& Co. built the largest and 
 best equipped prize-house in the city, at the corner of 
 Wilmington and Cabarrus streets, but which was un- 
 fortunately consumed l)y fire in the spring of 1901. 
 
 The Raleigh Leaf Toliacco Company was organized 
 in January, 1902, with ample capital, and propose to 
 build a large stemmery and re-drying establishment. 
 They will handle the first year, perhaps, two million 
 pounds of tobacco for both export and domestic trade. 
 A large number of native operatives will be employed. 
 
 Mgorous and concerted efforts are now being made 
 by the progressive element of our city to put the to- 
 bacco market on a higher plane of activity. A leading 
 tobacconist says that if Raleigh had done her full 
 duty during the last ten or twelve years, she would 
 to-day be enjoying a ten-million-pound leaf market, 
 and her population and trade practically doubled. Iv 
 is evident, however, that Raleigh will in future prove? 
 true to herself and do her full duty by this important 
 industry. 
 
 At present the Cai>ital Warehouse is being success- 
 fully uianaged by .Messrs. Canady and Knott, two ex- 
 perienced tobacconists, who recently came to Raleigh 
 from Oxford. 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 225 
 
 The Farmers \\'arelioii«e is also being conducted by 
 two most active and successful young warehousemen, 
 Messrs. Cheatham and Mitchell, formerly of Oxford. 
 
 Mr. R. F. Knott, one of the leading leaf tobacco 
 dealers in the State, has recently moved to Raleigh, 
 and is a most important factor in the re-establishment 
 of our tobacco industry. 
 
 Mr. C. P. Sellers, formerly of Greensboro, has be- 
 come the Raleigh representative of the American To- 
 bacco Company, and is doing wonders for the Raleigh 
 market. 
 
 The Imperial Tobacco Company has signified its in- 
 tention of placing a man on the Raleigh market, as 
 well as other leading manufacturers in this country 
 and abroad. 
 
 The Raleigh market has taken on a new lease of life, 
 and the best evidence of this fact is its large daily sales 
 of the golden weed, the sales in one day during this 
 season having been as much as eighty thousand 
 pounds. 
 
226 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 CAPT. JOSEPH J. BERNARD. 
 
 Capt. Bernard is, in its broadest sense, a represent- 
 ative man. He has been the incumbent of the office of 
 Kegister of Deeds since February 1, 1101, when he 
 was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of W. H. Hood. No man who ever occupied 
 this position has exhibited more skill and ability in 
 
 CAPT. J. J. BERNARD, 
 
 Democratic nominee for Register of Deeds. 
 
 the discharge of his duties, or exercised more judg- 
 ment in the convenient arrangement of his office, than 
 has the present incumbent. Among the people of 
 Wake this is common knowledge, as was evidenced by 
 his recent victory at the primaries, and by his nomi- 
 nation for this office for the ensuing term, on August 
 2, 1902. 
 
 In 1885, Capt. Bernard was elected bookkeeper of 
 the State Penitentiary, but in 1898 was displaced by 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 227 
 
 the Fusion Board under Governor Russell. Since 
 1877 lie has been a member of the State Guard, and at 
 present is captain of the Raleigh Light Infantry. He 
 is among the progressive, public-spirited young Demo- 
 crats of his county, a man of high integrity, generous 
 impulses and a most charitable disposition. His char- 
 acter is without blemish. Capt. Bernard is a de- 
 scendant of one of the oldest and most highly esteemed 
 Wake county families, being a grandson of Rev. 
 Wm. White, of St. Majry's Township, who, in his life- 
 time, was a man of much influence in his community. 
 Messrs. W. H. Penny and W. H. Hood are Capt. 
 Bernard's efficient and courteous clerks. 
 
22S HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 THE COTTON AND GROCERS' EXCHANGE. 
 
 In 1874 the mercliauts here organized the Raleigh 
 Board of Trade, which a few years later grew into the 
 Cotton and Grocers' Exchange. 
 
 The object of this association was for the purpose or' 
 uniting the individual efforts of the cotton dealers and 
 grocers of Raleigh, and fostering and maintaiuiiig 
 whatever pertained to the advancement of Raleigh as 
 a cotton market, and of North Carolina as a cotton 
 producing State. 
 
 The efforts of the Exchange have been wisely direc- 
 ted; the surrounding country has been benefitted as 
 well as the city, and Raleigh has enjoyed for a gener- 
 ation the reputation of being one of the best cotton 
 markets in the State. 
 
 The quality of cotton grown in this section has no 
 superior in the upland section of the cotton belt. 
 
 The system of weighing cotton at Raleigh is emi- 
 nently just and fair to all parties; the County Com- 
 missioners elect two of the weighers from among the 
 farmers, and the Cotton and Grocers' Exchange re- 
 commend one, and the County Commissioners elecr 
 him. The cotton is weighed on standard and well- 
 tested scales by sworn and bonded cotton weighers, 
 and by men whose integrity prompts, and whose oatli 
 and bond compel them, to give fair and impartial 
 weights. Under this system but few complaints have 
 arisen ; the buyer knows that he will get what he pays 
 for, and the seller is convinced that justice will be 
 done him. Mill owners generally recognize our 
 weighers' certificates, and complaints from either side 
 are rare. 
 
 The Exchange has induced the railroad companies 
 to establish conveniences for handling and shipping 
 
HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 229 
 
 cotton that give the market advantages over almost 
 any interior cotton market in tliis section. 
 
 l"^)rmerly a large percentage of the cotton sold on 
 this market was exported, but in recent years the es- 
 tablishment of cotton mills at Raleigh and adjacent 
 t«n\us has enabled the farmers to sell their cotton 
 here at very satisfactory prices to State mills. 
 
 The Kaleigh Cotton and Grocers' Exchange will 
 continue to do all in its power towards maintaining 
 the highest prices for cotton, and it will always try to 
 make IJaleigh the leading interior cotton market of 
 this section. No market has better facilities for stor- 
 ing and handling cotton. It has large and commodi- 
 ous warehouses, and ample funds may be secured 
 from the l)anks for making advances on cotton stored. 
 
 The l)uyers are prepared to give the highest price for 
 any number of bales that may be offered any day in the 
 year; they can handle to advantage every bale of cot- 
 ton that may be hauled or shipped here. Our mer- 
 chants are, and always have been, reasonable in their 
 charges for handling cotton, and these charges are 
 l)robably less than those of any market where the same 
 advantages are otfered. Besides this, every grower of 
 cotton has the privilege of selling his own cotton from 
 the wagons, thus avoiding any warehouse charges 
 whatever. This custom does not prevail in the larger 
 markets of the South. 
 
 The cotton men here are auumg our most enterpris- 
 ing and energetic citizens, and have worked year in 
 and year out to establish a market that would meet the 
 demands of our cotton producers. 
 
 A^^ 
 
230 
 
 HISTORICAL RALEIGH. 
 
 MR. HERBERT E. NORRIS. 
 
 Wake Comity's Democratic nominee for State Sen- 
 ator is a young man in the full vigor of robust man- 
 hood, a sound thinker, and a ready and logical deba- 
 ter, whose legal attainments have made him a promi- 
 nent figure at the Raleigh Bar. His practical knowl- 
 
 H. E. XOKKIS, 
 
 Democratic nominee for Senate. 
 
 edge of farming, his thorough understanding of the 
 people's needs and wants, his acknowledged ability as 
 a speaker upon the hustings, caused his many friends 
 to urge him into the campaign for State Senator. 
 With a number of aspirants already in the field, when 
 Mr. Norris announced his candidacy all others with- 
 drew, thus gracefully acknowledging him eminently 
 equipped to represent the metropolitan district in the 
 Senate. His unanimous nomination is but the guar- 
 antee of his election. 
 
 THE END. 
 
u 
 
 u 
 
 ! 
 
 216 Fayetteville Street 
 
 RALEIGH, N. C. 
 
 .A' 
 
 Best Laundr}' in the State. 
 
 Everything guaranteed. 
 
 Shirts, Collars and Cuffs a specialt}-. 
 
 J. K. MARSHALL, PROPRIETOR 
 
 PHONE 87. 
 
 .^- 1 Q \«'i 
 
icun DEL, roCAT.DIV. 
 
 SEP 18 1902 SEP. 19 t902 
 
 Union Central Life Insurance 
 Company 
 
 Is the Best Company in the World 
 
 She is paying 
 to people in North Car- 
 olina larger Annual Cash Divi- 
 dends than any other Company. She 
 has for over 30 years issued Modern Policies so 
 much boasted of by other companies now just issuing them. 
 We give a Double Life - Long Savings, in 
 giving you the Lowest Rate and 
 returning to you the Largest 
 * Cash Dividends. 
 
 5=> 5^ Good Agents Wanted g^ 5> 
 
 Address 
 
 GARY J. HUNTER. 
 
 r/» Superintendent Virginia and North Carolina., ^* 
 
 RALEIGH. N. C. 
 
HISTORICAL 
 RALEIGH 
 
 FROM ITS FOUNDATION IN 1792 
 
 DVIOSKS N. AMIS. 
 
 
 s4 > 
 
 
 ""o^ 
 ^o 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 SCENE !N COLONIAL TIME3. 
 
 1902 
 
 
 
 EDWARDS i?.- BROUGHTON 
 Printers i n d Binders 
 «4 «? RALEIGH «S *? 
 
Citizens IRational Bankt 
 
 RALEIGH. N. C. 
 
 Capital, . . . $100,000.00 
 
 Surplus, . . . 50,000.00 
 
 Profits, . . . 25,000.00 
 
 Deposits, . . . 700,000.00 
 
 « « « no Ttiterest Paid on Deposits « <& « 
 
 DIRECTORS : 
 
 A. B. ANDREWS, R. H. LEWIS, 
 
 R. H. BATTLE, IVAN M. PROCTER, 
 
 A. B. HAWKINS, WM. J. ANDREWS, 
 
 JOS. G. BROWN, JOHN C. DREWRY. 
 
 OFFICERS : 
 
 JOS. G. BROWN, President, 
 
 A. B. ANDREWS, Vice-President. 
 
 H. E. LITCHFORD, Ciishier. 
 
 Every legitimate business enterprise encouraged, and every 
 facility extended its patrons, consistent with safe and 
 conservative Banking. 
 
 Safety Deposit Boxes, for Storage of valuable papers, 
 silver, etc.. for rent on reasonable terms. 
 
Jls Chartered in 1820 Ng .—., Assets $60,000,000 $ 
 
 I lobe I 
 
 I Jlztna Life Insuramt Compant; i 
 
 ^ of lyartford. Conn, % 
 
 fThe Largest Companij in ^ the World Writinq ^ 
 
 ^ Life, Accident and Health Insurance ^ 
 
 I Eifery DesiroDie Form of liie, flccineoi ana HeQim insorooce Policies issued. | 
 
 I Address | 
 
 |s TKe Company, or J. D. BOUSHALL, Manager, $ 
 
 /»\ RAI.KIGH, ]Sr. C. 0^ 
 
 .iiip.iiiiii;yiiiiiti!]yf|iiiiiyi ii i ip ii i ii pii i ii i||1 iiii i | l1t|Iii i i i ip i i ii |i;;||;i ii ii i rp i^ 
 
 f Cbe 'fflational "Bmh of URaleidbt 
 
 F«A.LEIGH, N, C 
 
 Capital Paid in 3225,000.00 
 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits, 100,000.00 
 
 Jl Flew Vaults 
 
 Which is entirely liroproof and btirglar-proof, has been added, 
 the doors controlled by combination automatic and time locks. 
 
 Safe Deposit Boxes 
 
 of the very latest desiirn, the convenience of which can not be ap- 
 preciated until tbc> are seen, and all are invited Ui see them. 
 ' The renter of tln^ box has the key, and no one can train access to 
 the contents of the box without' the presence of the renter, and 
 if he should lose his key, the Under could not gain access to the 
 box, the contents of which can be known only to the renter. 
 There is ample room in the boxes for the filing of deeds, valuable 
 papers, wills, bonds, stocks, etc., and perfect Becurity is obuiined 
 for very moderate cost. 
 
 Directors : 
 
 CrtAS. IT. Bklvin, F. O. Moring, J. A. Briggs, 
 
 Jos. B. Batch BLOR, O. M. Busuee, T. B. Ckowder. 
 
 Cha.s. E. Johnson, W. W. Va.s.s, Jur-iurt Lewis. 
 
»»»9»»9»»9»^»»-^d^»d»»»i»»»»99;^»9»»»»»9 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 t 
 
 % 
 
 s 
 
 (A 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 DANIEL ALLEN egl 
 CO. SHOE STORE 
 
 Some of the tea- 
 sons why we sell 
 kf mote SHOES 
 than any other 
 Store in Raleigh are- 
 
 RALEIGH. 
 
 North CarolinaL. 
 
 We sell at vsmaller profits. 
 
 We select Better and Nobbier 
 Styles. 
 
 We sell nothing but Leather 
 and guarantee every pair. 
 
 We wait on j^ou courteously. 
 
 We have the largest stock in 
 the State to select from. 
 
 We have nothing but New Shoes 
 
 We buy more Shoes and conse- 
 quently get them cheaper, 
 hence we can sell them 
 cheaper. 
 
 It costs vou nothing to see them. 
 
 DANIEL ALLEN & CO. 
 ^ V SHOE STORE V V 
 
 ^ 
 
 «i€€<i;€««««««€««€€€«e« 
 
Library of Congress 
 Branch Bindery, 1903