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 Historical Sketch 
 
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 An Oration delivered July 4, 1876, at Beardstown, Ills., n^, 
 
 If 
 
 vJ. HCsisri^Y ^JELJ^-W. 
 
 B E A R D S T O W N : 
 
 PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF TIIK "CASS COUNTY MESSENGER." 
 
 1876. 
 
 S^ 
 
 
 
Historical Sketch 
 
 =^s^/^*^ 
 
 ^M^ 
 
 R- >■ F=IS 
 
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 S 
 
 An Oration belivered July 4, 1876, at Beardstown, Ills., 
 
 BY 
 
 J". HEJItTI^Y SHEj^-^AT". 
 
 
 -aS ^-' 
 
 '<^' wash\^'-' 
 
 BE ARDSTOWN : 
 
 PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE "CASS COUNTY MESSENGER." 
 
 187 6. 
 

 Entered aceording to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, 
 l)y John H. Shay, in the ollice of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
OF 
 
 n^rLLINOIS dates its white settlements among the first in North 
 ^H^ America. Four ^-ears prior to the settlement of Plj'mouth, 
 Le Caron had explored Upper Canada ; and twenty years later the 
 hardy and ambitious French traders and voj'ageurs and zealous 
 missionaries had erected trading posts and missions along the rivers 
 and upon the lake shores now within the jurisdiction of Illinois and 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 At that period the surface of Illinois was much lower, geologi- 
 cally considered, than it is at the present time. Since its creation, 
 the thin crust of the earth has been undergoing slow mutations, 
 breathing, as it were, by centuries ; elevating and depressing in the 
 lapse of ages under the influence of its mighty lungs of fire ; sinking 
 slowly and imperceptibly beneath their former level continents and 
 islands, and as gradually raising others above the waste of waters. 
 
 While the countries bordering upon the Levantine seas have been 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 gradually encroached upon by the water, there has been a correspon- 
 ding rise in the earth's surface here. Two hundred years ago the 
 white settlers of Illinois navigated the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers 
 to the great northern lakes. French pirogues and Indian canoes 
 found no difficulty in passing through the portages of the North to 
 Hudson's Bay. The routes from the Mississippi River — up the 
 Wisconsin and down the Fox to Lake Michigan ; and up the Illinois 
 to Chicago, or " River of the Miami," as it was then called ; or up 
 the Kankakee and down the St. Joseph — were well known and 
 navigated. 
 
 Indeed, but a few centuries since, these rivers were the southern 
 outlets for the waters of the great lakes, and the Illinois penitentiar}-, 
 near Joliet, now stands upon a ledge of rocks over which a great 
 river once flowed in rapids similar to those of the Des Moines on the 
 Upper Mississippi. 
 
 In the southern part of the State, at that point now known as 
 Tower Rock, this great river was dammed up by a wall of rock, over 
 which it fell one hundred feet, forming a cataract of such volume and 
 height as to rival even the great Niagara. But the continual wearing 
 of the water, aided materially b}- earthquakes, finally opened the 
 present channel of the Mississippi, and gave an outlet to the ocean of 
 waters that lay stagnating in the swamps, now prairies, above. 
 These are the two great natural causes of the present agricultural 
 productiveness of the State of Illinois. 
 
 Two hundred years ago northern and central Illinois was inhabited 
 bj^ two powerful nations of Indians, the Illinois and the Miamis. 
 The Miamis occupied the northern part of the present State of 
 Illinois, and part of "Wisconsin, and their chief town was upon the 
 present site of Chicago. 
 
 The Illinois tribe occupied the country bordering upon the Illinois, 
 called by the French the ' ' River Seignelay ;" and all the country 
 between that country and the " River Colbert," or Mississippi. 
 
 The principal tribe of the Illinois were the Muscootens, and their 
 town was upon the present site of Beardstown, on the east bank of 
 the river, at the foot of Muscooten Bay, and was called by the French 
 the "Mound Village." 
 
 The Peorians, another of the Illinois tribes, more particularly 
 occupied that portion of the country between the rivers, having their 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 town on the west bank of the Illinois River, four miles above the 
 Mnscooten village, upon the bluffs back of the present town of 
 Frederick. The present site of Beardstown was at that time an 
 island, surrounded on the north, east and south by almost impassable 
 swamps, containing dangerous quicksands and quaking bogs, and 
 which could be crossed onl}- in canoes, or by Indians jumping from 
 hillock to hillock of the turf grass with which these swamps were 
 interspersed, and on the west by the Seignelay or Illinois River. The 
 Indian town of the Muscootens was a beautiful place. It was built 
 upon a series of beautiful mounds, covered with grass, and partialh' 
 shaded by tall trees, which stood like sentinels upon the hills, or 
 ornamental trees upon a lawn, so scattered as not to obstruct the 
 view of the whole town from the river. The island had evidently 
 been selected, not only on account of its natural beauty, but for its 
 easy defense and safet}' from enemies. 
 
 B}- two bends in the river, forming two obtuse angles, the allied 
 villages of the Peorias and the Muscootens stood at the two elbows, 
 in plain sight of each other, the broad river forming a straight sheet 
 of water between, while north of the Mound village, and in front of 
 the Peorias, spread the wide and glassy surface of Muscooten Ba}', 
 separated from the river by a narrow peninsula. 
 
 Back of the swamp which protected the rear of the town, was a 
 wide belt of rich prairie bottom land, and be3'ond, six miles, loomed 
 up the Sangamon Bluffs, looking like miniature Andes in the distance, 
 between which and the island, in the day time, all approaching foes 
 could be discerned. 
 
 This island town was a favorite resting place with the tired 
 voyageurs and devout missionaries ; a large cross was erected here, 
 and friendly relations established between the " children of the 
 forest " and the white men. This favoritism on the part of the French 
 towards the Illinois Indians excited the jealousies of the Miamis, 
 and they determined upon revenge. In vain did the missionaries try 
 to prevent animosities. The Miamis invaded the countr}- of the 
 Illinois, and took some prisoners. At this time, the Chevalier La 
 Salle, who had built a fort called Creve Coeur, or the "Broken 
 Heart," where the present city of Peoria now stands, in order to 
 prevent further hostilities, made a journey alone down the river to 
 the Muscooten village, but his efforts were without avail, and the war 
 continued. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 The Muscootens believed that La Salle was acting as a spy for 
 the Iroquois, whose chief town was then where Buffalo, N. Y., now 
 is, and who were the most powerful Indian nation upon the continent. 
 This impression seemed to be confirmed when it became known to 
 them that the Iroquois and Miamis had formed an alliance for the 
 purpose of exterminating them. 
 
 Many battles were fought between these hostile nations, but, by 
 the superior numbers of their enemies, the Illinois were worsted and 
 besieo-ed in their towns. The Peorias fortified themselves with 
 earthworks upon the bluff's at their village, and passed men down the 
 river in canoes, as necessity required, to the Mound village, the river 
 being protected from the arrows of the enemy by marshy ground on 
 one side and the bay on the other, which forbade their near approach. 
 
 The Muscootens were besieged in their island town. Occasionally 
 they were assailed by parties of their enemies, who, more courageous 
 than their fellows, crossed the swamps in the night, on the grassy 
 hillocks, with the help of long poles. On these occasions fierce 
 battles were fought, and none of the daring assailants survived to 
 recross those trembling hillocks. At every defeat the Miamis and 
 Iroquois became more enraged. In the night time, when out of 
 danger from arrows, the allied Indians cut grass and small trees, and 
 gathered floating wood, and began building a causeway across the 
 swamp. When it was completed they rushed upon the island, and 
 for several days the battle raged fiercely. There was no quarter 
 given or asked. Death was dealt out by unsparing hands on both 
 sides. They had been rendered doubly savage by hunger and delay. 
 Their revenge had long been at usury, and they were now satisfying 
 principal and interest. The battle temporarily subsided only when 
 the combatants became exhausted, and was resumed when rest 
 brought returning strength Those who from fatigue were unable to 
 rise, were scalped and tomahawked, entering from the dreamland of 
 life to the dreamland of death. 
 
 At length, exhausted, and overwhelmed by superior numbers, the 
 Muscootens began to fall back towards the river, when with yells of 
 victory their allied enemies rushed upon them, and with tomahawks 
 and scalping knives ended the battle. A few of the unfortunate 
 Muscootens swam the river, and concealed themselves in the high 
 swampy grass beyond, and a small number fled in canoes to the 
 village of the Peorias. The women and children were taken pris- 
 oners. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 The battle being over, then came the mourning for the slain. 
 Funeral rites, in which the missionaries took part, were performed, 
 and in the gi-eat mound on the bank of the river, which had been 
 raised centuries before by a long forgotten race, thej- buried the slain 
 warriors, with their bows, arrows and tomahawks, together with the 
 silver and flint crosses of the missionaries. 
 
 After these ceremonies were concluded the Iroquois returned to 
 their own country. The Miamis, with their prisoners, encamped upon 
 the present site of Chandlerville, where game was plenty, and 
 attended to their sick and dying, great numbers of whom did not 
 survive their wounds. Their dead were buried in the bluffs near by, 
 and long after the settlement of Chandlerville their ghastly skeletons 
 lay in white rows, exposed to the sun, laid bare by the action of the 
 winds upon their sandy covering. 
 
 Some years later Mound Island was taken possession of by the 
 Kickapoo Indians, upon which they built their village, known by the 
 name of " Kickapoo Town," although still remembered by the French 
 missionaries as the "Beautiful Mound Village." 
 
 This became a favorite trading post and missionary station, and 
 continued in the possession of the Kickapoos until its settlement b}^ 
 Thomas Beard, in 1820, after whom the present city of Beardstown 
 was named. 
 
 Forty years ago the great mound in Beardstown began to be 
 encroached upon by the spade and pickaxe of the avaricious white 
 man. 
 
 The deca3-ing bones of the red warriors, as they lay in their quiet 
 and lovely resting place, with the implements of war around them ; 
 the silver and flint crosses of the missionaries ; even the beautiful 
 mound itself, which as an ornament to the river, and a historic 
 feature of the town should have been held sacred, could not restrain 
 the mone}' making white man from destroying it, and it is now 
 recollected only by the old settlers, who used to sit upon its summit 
 and Avatch the passing away of the last of two races — the Indian in 
 his canoe and the French voyageur in his pirogue. 
 
 Manj" years ago, at the request of a young friend, I related one 
 of the incidents of the above narrative and put it into verse and 
 rhyme, which is as follows : 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 THE LEGEND OF MONSCELA. 
 
 Far, far into the long ago, and upon the very place 
 Where Beardstowu stands, there lived and loved and died a noble race. 
 Where prettj- lawns and spacious streets and loftj' buildings stand, 
 Monscela's Indian village stood upon the hills of sand. 
 
 It was an island then, and round the hills on which it stood 
 
 The river ripples wandered in a long continuous flood ; 
 
 While over all the tall oaks waved in foliage bright and green, 
 
 And the trees and tents were mirror'd on the broad and glassy stream. 
 
 Far above the stars were shining, bathed in clouds of silv ly light, 
 And the gentle breeze of summer-day had slumbered into night; 
 The murmur of the wavelets flowing, and hum of insect wings. 
 Fell lightly on the sleepers' ears, nor walced their slumberings. 
 
 Three weary moons two Indian tribes had been in deadlj' strife, 
 And Miamis and Muscoutens had yielded many a life ; 
 'Till the allies of the Muscoutens had left them all alone. 
 And the Miamis besieged them upon their island home. 
 
 Slowly, at night, across the waters upon the southern side, 
 
 The Miamis were paddling up their canoes against the tide ; 
 
 While in advance of every boat was held a branching bough, 
 
 Which from the gaze of watching eyes might shield the advancing prow. 
 
 Upon the island, faint and tired, the Muscoutens laj"- at rest. 
 
 All witless of the coming foe as the flowers which they pressed ; 
 
 They had fought them day by daj',. their watchfires burning night by night, 
 
 Until glimmered on their ashen beds the last faint rays of light. 
 
 Just as the distant glittering beams that led the morning sun 
 
 Sat lightly on the yellow knobs of the blufls of Sangamon, 
 
 A yell as of a thousand fiends fell on the startled ears, 
 
 And sleepers woke to sleep again pierced by the foemen's spears. 
 
 Monscela then, Muscouten's Chief, raised high the battle cry, 
 And bade his warriors follow him and win the fight or die : 
 Now on the left, now on the right, his ponderous war-club fell, 
 And many an Indian skull crushed he, and stifled many a yell. 
 
 Now backward borne, now pressing on, Muscouten's wavering braves 
 Proved that the blood that nerved their arms was never meant for slaves ; 
 'Till overpowered, and rank by rank fell weltering in their blood. 
 The brave Monsctla fought alone amidst the crimson flood. 
 
 Then the old chiefs daughter, White Wing, ran through the rift of spears ; 
 'Though gentle as a fawn, that day she showed no childish fears; 
 Pierced to the heart, into his arms she threw lierself. a shield, 
 He grasped her lifeless form and slowl}- bore her from the field. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Where the golden grass was waving on the river's western shore, 
 Monscela's birchen shallop touched the flowery bank once more; 
 There oft before the same proud chief had pushed his light canoe, 
 With warriors in sinewy Iceels— three hundred brave and true. 
 
 Near two hundred years have entered into the dreamy past 
 Since the chief of tlie Muscoutens on his village looked the last — 
 One longing, lingering look he gave toward his island home, 
 Then drew his mantle round him and wandered forth alone. 
 
 In 1700, Illinois was a part of the territory owned by the French 
 government, and was called New France. 
 
 In 1720, all the country west of the Mississippi River belonged to 
 Spain, with Santa Fe as its capital. 
 
 In 1763, Illinois was ceded b}- France to Great Britain, after a 
 " seven j'ears' war." Manj- French inhabitants, rather than live 
 under British rule, joined La Clede and settled St. Louis. 
 
 In 1778, the Illinois country was conquered from Great Britain 
 by troops from the State of Virginia, under the command of General 
 George Rogers Clark, which was an independent military enterprise 
 of that State ; and on the 4th day of Jul}- of that year. Gen. Clark 
 and his troops took possession of Kaskaskia, the capital of the 
 British possessions west of the Alleghenies, and declared the Illinois 
 country free and independent of Great Britain, thus making the 4th 
 day of July the natal day of this State as well as of our nation. 
 
 In that year, Illinois was created a county of Virginia, and Tim- 
 othy Dernanbrun was appointed bj* the governor, Patrick Henry, a 
 justice of the peace, to rule over it ; which was probably the most 
 extensive territorial jurisdiction that a magistrate ever had. 
 
 In 1794, the Legislature of the Northwest Territory divided it 
 into two counties, Randolph and St. Clair. 
 
 In 1809, Illinois was declared a separate territory. 
 
 In 1812, Madison Count}' was organized from St. Clair, and then 
 contained all of the present State north of St. Clair and Randolph. 
 
 In 1818, Illinois was admitted into the Union as the twentj'-second 
 State. 
 
 In 1821, Green Count}- was formed from Madison County. 
 
 In 1823, Morgan County was formed from Green County. 
 
 In 1837, Cass County was formed from Morgan County. 
 
 During the first quarter of the present centur}', immigration to 
 the Illinois country had been retarded by frequent earthquakes ; 
 indeed, from 1811 to 1813 they were as severe as ever happened on 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 this continent, and the few of the settlers here were in constant dread 
 from these disturbances. New Madrid, a flourishing town near the 
 mouth of the Ohio, was utterly destroyed and swallowed up. But in 
 1825 the Erie Canal was completed, and steamboats had been intro- 
 duced upon the Mississippi and its tributaries, and immigration 
 received a new impulse and flowed in vigorously. This immigration 
 excitement was called on the other side of the mountains, the "west- 
 ern fever ;" and it carried many a good man ofl" — west. 
 
 In 1818, a man by the name of Pullam settled upon Horse Creek, 
 a tributary of the Sangamon, and later, in November of that year, 
 another man, by the name of Seymour Kellogg, was the first settler 
 in the country comprised afterwards in the county of Morgan, and it 
 was at his house that the first white child of the Sangamon country 
 was boi'n. 
 
 The first actual and permanent white settler within the limits of 
 the present city of Beardstown, was Thomas Beard, who came here 
 on horseback when it was a Kickapoo village, in 1819, and made it 
 his home for some time as a trader among the Indians. 
 
 Martin L. Lindsley, together with his wife and two children, John 
 C. and Mary A., and Timothy Harris and John Cettrough, settled 
 here in 1S20. These settlers located afterward in "Camp Hollow," a 
 short distance east of the site of the present county farm, where Mr. 
 Lindsley built a cabin, and the first white child born in this immediate 
 vicinity was added to his family. 
 
 During the year 1820, a family named Eggleston settled on the 
 site of Beardstown. 
 
 Major Elijah lies, now a resident of Springfield, Ills., landed in 1819 
 where Beardstown now is, on his way to the " Keeley Settlement," 
 afterwards named Calhoun, and now "Springfield," the State capital. 
 He says that at that time there was a hut at Beardstown, built of 
 birchen poles, standing on the bank of the river, but unoccupied. As 
 the Indians lived in tents, this hut was probably erected by the 
 French traders nearly a quarter of a centuiy before the landing of 
 Major lies. 
 
 Archibald Job settled first at Beardstown, and then at Sylvan 
 Grove, in the edge of North Prairie, in the spring of 1821, sur- 
 rounded by Kickapoo and Potto watamie Indians. 
 
 There were other pioneers settled here about that time, whose 
 names I have not learned. 
 
 In 1821, there were but twenty families within the present limits 
 of Morgan, Cass and Scott counties. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 In the earh' years of ,the white settlements here, wheat was 
 unknown, and Indian corn, the onl}' breadstuff, was exceedingly hard 
 to obtain, as mills were scarce. Jarvoe's Mill, on Cahokia Creek, 
 was for a long time the onl}' one accessible to our pioneers. In 1821, 
 a small horse-mill was erected on Indian Creek by one Richard Shep- 
 ard. Then a horse-mill was put up at Clary's Grove, Menard County. 
 To these mills the boys of the families had to make frequent and 
 tedious journeys to procure corn meal for bread. 
 
 The public lands were first offered for sale in November, 1823 ; so 
 that all those who settled here previous to that time were only squat- 
 ters on the public lands, and could hardly be termed permanent 
 settlers. In fact, Thomas Beard, and his friends who lived with the 
 Indians at Kickapoo village, were merely squatters, dependent upon 
 the Indians for the privilege of erecting their huts. 
 
 The first land entry was made by Thomas Beard and Enoch C. 
 March, jointly, who entered the northeast quarter of 15, 18, 12, Sept. 
 23, 1826. It was upon this quarter section that Mr. Beard's cabin 
 was built. On the 28th day of October, 1827, Beard and March 
 entered the northwest quarter of 15, 18, 12, which extended their river 
 front down below the mound. Thomas Beard individuall}' entered 
 the west half, southwest, 15, 18, 12, October 10, 1827; and John 
 Knight entered the east half, southwest, 15, 18, 12, July 17, 1828. 
 Thus there were three men entered the entire section upon 
 which the original town of Beardstown was located, in the years 
 1826, 1827 and 1828. So you will see that the stories current that 
 Beardstown was laid out in 1824, and that the site was bought by 
 Beard and March for twenty-five dollars, are not founded on record 
 evidence. 
 
 The fact is, that the original town of Beardstown, consisting of 
 23 blocks, fronting on the river, three blocks deep, reaching from 
 Clay to Jackson Street, of which block 10, lying between the Park 
 and Main Street, is the centre one, was laid out and platted by Enoch 
 C. March and Thomas Beard, and acknowledged before Thomas B. 
 Arnet, a justice of the peace of Jacksonville, September 9, 1829, 
 and is recorded on page 228 of Book B of the Morgan County 
 records. 
 
 Among the first settlers in Beardstown, after it became a town 
 site, were Francis Arenz and Nathaniel Ware, who purchased an 
 interest and became joint landed proprietors with Beard and March. 
 The town was named after Thomas Beard. 
 
 The very first deed from March and Beard upon record, of lands 
 
10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTT. 
 
 within the present limits of Beardstown, was made before the town 
 was laid out, and is dated August 21, 1828, to "Charles Robinson, 
 of New Orleans," for the consideration of $100, being for a "part of 
 the fractional part of the N. W. qr. of Sec. 15, in town. 18, 12 ; 
 beginning at a forked birch tree on the Illinois river bank, marked as 
 a corner, running thence down the river meanders thereof, so as to 
 make two hundred yards on a strait line, and from thence running out 
 from the river at both ends of the above line by two parallel lines, 
 until the}- strike the north line of the E. hf. of the S. W. qr. of Sec. 
 15, 18, 12, supposed to contain 12 acres." 
 
 And immediately following this deed upon the record is this 
 singular " deed of defeasance," executed by Charles Robinson. 
 
 DEED OF DEFEASANCE. 
 
 " I having this day bought of Enoch C. March and Thomas Beard and 
 his wife Sarah a piece of land on the river below the ferry of the above 
 Beard and have this day rec'd from them a deed for the same I hereby 
 declare that it is my intention to do a public business on the said land 
 between this date and the first day of Oct. next year and if I have not upon 
 the land by that date persons and property to effect the same or actually 
 upon the waj^ to do so I will return the above deed and transfer back the 
 land to them upon receiving the consideration given them for the same. 
 The above public business means, a steam mill, distillery rope walk or 
 store. Witness my hand and seal this 21 day of Aug 1828. 
 
 (Signed) -^CHARLES ROBINSON", [seal.]" 
 
 Acknowledged August 1, 1828, before Dennis Rockwell, Clerk of 
 Morgan Circuit Court ; recorded June 29, 1829, Book B, deeds, 180. 
 This land is part of the original town of Beardstown. 
 
 Mr. Charles Robinson, party to these deeds, still lives in this 
 count}', near Arenzville. On the 8th of February, 1872, he wrote a 
 letter to the Chicago Journal, from which I make this extract : 
 
 "Fifty years ago, or in the summer of 1821, there was not a bushel of 
 corn to be had in Central Illinois. My father settled in that year tvventj'- 
 three miles west of Springfield. We had to live for a time on venison, 
 blackberries, and milk, while the men were gone to Egypt to harvest and 
 procure breadstuff's. The land we improved was surveyed that summer, 
 and afterwards bought of the government, the money being raised by 
 sending beeswax down the Illinois river to St. Louis in an Indian canoe. 
 Dressed deer skins and tanned hides were then in use, and we made one 
 piece of cloth out of nettles instead of flax. Cotton matured well for a 
 decade, until the deep snow of 1830." 
 
 The southern part of the State, referred to by Mr. Robinson as 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 11 
 
 Eg3'pt, received this appellation, as here indicated, because, being 
 older, better settled and cultivated, it " gathered corn as the sand of 
 of the sea," and the immigrants of the central part of the State, 
 after the manner of the children of Israel, in their wants, went 
 " thither to buy and bring from thence that the}- might live and not 
 die." 
 
 Reddick Horn, a Methodist minister, settled at Beardstown about 
 1823, and entered eighty acres near by, afterward making entries 
 near the bluft'. 
 
 The Cottonwood School-house was built in 1830, in the Sangamon 
 Bottom, and is now known b}' that name. 
 
 The exact date of each arrival of the settlers is very hard to 
 obtain, as those of them now living differ in their recollections of 
 those who have precedence ; but, by taking a conspicuous event, such 
 for instance as the deep snow, which occurred in the winter of 1830-31, 
 it becomes more eas}' to decide who then lived in the different neigh- 
 borhoods. At that time, upon the Sangamon Bottom road there were 
 the following named settlers : The first above Beardstown, was Solo- 
 mon Penny, in section 10, 18, 11, where Richard Tink now lives. 
 The next was John Waggoner, who lived where the Bottrell farm is 
 now. Above him were the Carrs — Elisha, William, and Benjamin — 
 and their father ; Elisha lived on the present Kendall farm. Next 
 above the Carrs was Grandpa Horrom. Then JeriT Bowen, where 
 Calvin Wilson now lives. Next, the widow Stewart. Next, Shad- 
 rach Richardson, on the present Brauer farm. Then Thomas Plas- 
 ter, sr., where Jeptha Plaster now lives. 
 
 These were all that then lived below where Chandlerville now is, 
 on this road. The first above these was Robert Leeper, on the Cleph. 
 Bowen place. Next, William Myers ; next, Henry McHenry ; and 
 in their order above him were Peter Dick ; John Taylor ; William 
 Morgan ; James Hickey, and Amos Ogden ; and then Isham Reavis, 
 who afterward moved below Chandlerville. James McAuley, and 
 Elijah Garner settled in 1832. 
 
 Among the earliest settlers in the vicinity of Arenzville were 
 Henry McKean, John McKean, Alexander Pitner, William Pitner, 
 John Melone, William McHenry, James Davis, George Bristow, 
 Aquilla Low, J. A. Arenz, Richard Matthews, Charles Robertson, 
 James and Christian Crum, Peter Hudson, Charles Wiggins, David 
 Black, Alexander Huffman, Benjamin Mathews, William Summers, 
 Andrew Williams, and Richard Graves. Most of these persons came 
 
12 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 about 1830. John, Stephen and Jasper Buck, and John Shafer were 
 also early settlers. John Savage came in 1823. 
 
 In 1830, there was a water mill built at Arenzville, where Engle- 
 bach's steam mill now stands. The power was obtained b}' changing 
 the channel of Indian Creek fully a quarter of a mile north from its 
 bed where it now runs. There is the site of an old Indian town and 
 burial place on Prairie Creek, about three miles northeast of 
 Arenzville. 
 
 Among the first settlers in the centre of the county, near where 
 Virginia now stands, were Capt. Jacob Yaples, who sat out the first 
 orchard in the count}" ; Henry Hopkins, Elijah Carver, Charles Brady, 
 John De "Webber, Thomas Hanb}', George Bristow, John Dawsy, 
 Samuel Way, Charles Brad}', William Weaver, Thomas Gatton, 
 Halsey Smith, and a preacher named Chambers, and others. Some 
 of these settled as soon as the lands opened for sale at the land office 
 in 1823 ; others a few years later. 
 
 The next installment of settlers, ranging from 1827 to 1835, were 
 James Stephenson and his five gi'own sons, Wesley, James, William, 
 Robert, and Augustus ; Charles Beggs, Jacob and John Epler, John 
 Hiler, Rev. John Biddlecome, Isaac Mitchell, William Kinner, Jesse 
 Allred, Nathan Compton ; John C, Peter and William Conover ; and 
 a widow Pratt and her four sons — William, Charles, Rogers and 
 Haramel. 
 
 A school-house was built of logs in this neighborhood in 1829. 
 Samuel Thompson built a horse-mill in 1830. James Richardson 
 built the first blacksmith shop in 1826. Peter Conover and Elizabeth 
 Marshall were the first to marry here, which was in 1827. The south- 
 east part of the county was settled early by James Davis, who made 
 an improvement on the tract now owned by Travis Elmore, at the 
 head of Little Indian Creek. He sold out to Strawder Ball, and he 
 to Isaac Bennett. Bennett sold to Rev. Joshua Crow, who entered 
 the land in 1826. Joshua Crow entered other lands in this vicinity 
 as earl}' as 1823. Eli Cox settled here as early as 1820, in Cox's 
 Grove, so named from him. William Cooper, a negro with a white 
 wife, settled here also ; and Stephen Short, with his four sons, James, 
 Benjamin, George and Albert. Stephen Lee, Tilman Hornbuckle, 
 and Dr. Stockton, settled in Panther Grove in 1830. John Miller, 
 James Thompson and Daniel Blair settled near by on the prairie. 
 Stephen Short was first justice of the peace. Rev. William Crow 
 first preacher. 
 
 Further north, on the east side of the county, among the first 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 13 
 
 settlers were George and Jolin Wilson, in 1824 ; William Daniels, in 
 1825 ; Bartlett Conj'ers, John Lucas, John B. Witty and Robert 
 Hawthorn, in 1826. The first child born in this neii:hborhood was 
 Lucinda Daniels, in 1828. The first marriage was Miles Hamilton 
 and Barbara Baeger. On the north side of the count}-, on and near 
 the Sangamon Bottom, the first settlers were Amos Ogden, in 1830, 
 who built a house of hewn logs in 1831, and rode three days to get 
 eight men to help him to raise it. The men he got were those other 
 old settlers : Joseph Hickey, James Watkins, John Hicke}-, James 
 Hickey, Isham Reavis, Daniel Aturbury, and a Mr. Mounts. 
 
 The first school-house was of logs, built on Amos Ogden's farm. 
 The first blacksmith shop was owned b\' Mathew Holland in 1835. 
 The first mill was a small specimen of a water-mill, owned by James 
 Watkins in 1832. 
 
 The five Dick brothers, William Lynn, Ishmael West, and William 
 P. Morgan, settled here in 1831 ; and Dr. Charles Chandler, Marcus 
 Chandler, and Mr. Ingliss, in 1832. Dr. Chandler's cabin was in 
 the centre of the present town of Chandlervile, where the first Con- 
 gregational Church now stands, the land being subsequently donated 
 by the doctor for that purpose. South of the Chandler settlement, 
 on the Sangamon Bottom, David Clopton, Robert Deeper, William 
 Myers, Oliver Coyne, William McAuley and Mark Cooper, in 1831 
 and 1832. The first preaching was by Rev. Levi Springer. 
 
 LIST OF ALL THOSE WHO ENTERED LAND 
 
 {i. e., bought from the government) in Cass Count}-, Ills., including 
 the "three-mile strip," before "the deep snow," in the winter of 
 1830-31 ; and in what township and in what year the entiy was made. 
 Where a person entered land in more than one township, his name is 
 given for that tract only which he first entered. 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 12. Thomas Beard 1826. 
 
 ' Enoch C.March 1826. 
 
 ' John Knight 1828. 
 
 12, Freeman Skinner 1830. 
 
 ' Kimball & Knapp 1830. 
 
 ' Asa C. New 1830. 
 
 11 . Henry Summers 1830. 
 
 ' Richard Gaines 1830. 
 
 ' John S. Warfield 1830. 
 
 ' Robert Farrell 1830. 
 
 ' John Farrell 1830. 
 
 ' Temperance Baker 1829. 
 
 18, 11, William W. Babb 1829. 
 
 ' ' Elred Renshaw 1830. 
 
 18, 11. Samuel B. Crewdson...lS29. 
 
 ' ' Solomon Penny 1828. 
 
 Benjamin Carr 1829. 
 
 ' ' Amos Hager 1830. 
 
 ' ' Reddick Horn 1826. 
 
 " EhshaCarr 1829. 
 
 ' ' John Waggoner 1829. 
 
 " James Scott 1829. 
 
 17, 11, Alexander Pitner 1829. 
 
 " John Thompson 1830. 
 

 14 HISTORICAL 
 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 
 17, 11, James Orchard 
 
 .1826. 
 
 18, 10, William Mj^ers 
 
 ..1827. 
 
 ' ' Oswell Thompson, jr. . 
 
 .1830. 
 
 Thomas Gatton 
 
 . . 1829. 
 
 ' ' Joseph L. Kirkpatrick 
 
 .1830. 
 
 '• James Mason 
 
 ..1829. 
 
 ' ' Joseph C. Christ}- 
 
 .1829. 
 
 '' Nathan Corapton 
 
 ..1828. 
 
 ' ' Frederick Troxel 
 
 .1828. 
 
 " John Robertson 
 
 ..1828. 
 
 
 .1830 
 
 " Sfrppt & Bland 
 
 ..1827. 
 ..1827. 
 
 " David Black 
 
 .1829. 
 
 " Susan Washburn 
 
 ' ' James Smart 
 
 .1827. 
 
 " Henry Traughber 
 
 ..1826. 
 
 " John E. Sparks 
 
 .1828. 
 
 '* William McCord 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 
 .1S27. 
 
 
 . . 1 S'29 ^ 
 
 
 .1828. 
 
 
 ..1830 
 
 " Charles Eobertson 
 
 .1828. 
 
 " John Biddlecome 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 • ' Peter Taylor 
 
 .1827. 
 
 '• ZadocW. Flinn 
 
 ..1829. 
 
 " Martin Robertson 
 
 .1828. 
 
 " Peter Carr 
 
 ..1828. 
 
 " James H. Richards 
 
 .1830. 
 
 '• William Carr 
 
 ..1828. 
 
 '' Jonah H. Case 
 
 .1826. 
 
 " William D. Sturgis... 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 " Daniel R. Scaffer 
 
 .1829. 
 
 *" Shadrach Richardson. 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 " Thomas Clark 
 
 .1830. 
 .1830. 
 .1826. 
 
 '• Robert H. Ivers 
 
 ' ' Josiah Rees 
 
 .1830. 
 .1830. 
 .1829. 
 
 " David B. Carter 
 
 " James Davis 
 
 '• Joseph Baker 
 
 " Thomas Plaster 
 
 " Andrew Williams 
 
 .1827. 
 
 .1830. 
 
 "• Alexander Huffman • . . 
 
 .1827. 
 
 " William Sewall 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 " "William Summers 
 
 .1827. 
 
 17, 10. William Chambers... 
 
 ..1826. 
 
 •' L. L. Case 
 
 .1826. 
 
 "• John C. Conover 
 
 ..1827..- 
 
 " " John Savage 
 
 .1830. 
 
 '• Susanna Pratt 
 
 ..1826. 
 
 " Dennis Rockwell 
 
 .1828. 
 
 '' David Black 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 . " Augustus Barber 
 
 .1826. 
 
 " James Marshall 
 
 .1826. 
 
 " Joseph P. Croshwait. . 
 " Thomas Wiggins 
 
 .1830. 
 
 
 ..1829. 
 
 .1829. 
 
 '* William Porter 
 
 .1826. 
 
 " George F. Miller 
 
 . 1828. 
 
 " Jacob Lawrence 
 
 ..1826. 
 
 " Henry McKean 
 
 .1829. 
 
 '* CarroUton R. Gatton. 
 
 ..1826. 
 
 " Daniel T. Matthews . . • 
 
 .1828. 
 
 " Thomas Gatton 
 
 .1826. . 
 
 
 .1829. 
 .1829. 
 
 " Arphihflld .Tnh 
 
 .1826. 
 ..1826.) 
 
 '^ Daniel Richards 
 
 
 .1830. 
 
 " William Conover 
 
 .1826J 
 
 .1826. 
 
 .1826. 
 
 ^' Pnfrirlv \Tnl1pn 
 
 .1827. 
 .1828. 
 
 " Abner Tinnen 
 
 " Shjiflrink ftf^ott 
 
 " Nathan Compton 
 
 "■ Joseph T. Leonard. . . 
 
 " Benjamin Matthews . . • 
 
 .1827. 
 
 .1826. 
 
 
 .1826. 
 .1826. 
 
 Bazaleel Gillett 
 
 " George T. Bristow. . . 
 
 .1830. 
 .1826. 
 
 " William S. Hauby 
 
 18, 10, John E. Scott 
 
 .1826. 
 
 " William H. Johnson.. 
 
 ..1830. 
 
 " John De Weber 
 
 .1828. 
 
 " William Breeden 
 
 .1827 
 
 " A. S. West i 
 
 .1826. 
 
 '' Peter Taylor 
 
 .1829 
 
 
 .1826. 
 
 
 . 1830. 
 
 '•' Joshua Crow 
 
 " Benjamin Stribling. . . . 
 
 .1826 
 
 
 . 1828. 
 
 .1830. 
 
 ^' Archer Herndon 
 
 .1827. 
 
 *' John G. Bergen 
 
 *■' Phineas Underwood . . 
 " Henry Madison 
 
 . 1828. 
 .1826. 
 .1828. 
 
 
 .1827 
 
 
 .1827 
 
 " Jonathan Atherton. . . 
 
 .1830. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY, 
 
 15 
 
 17, 10, Jacob Yaple 1829. 
 
 " Alexander D. Cox 1826. 
 
 " Henry Madison 1826. 
 
 " James Marshall 1826. 
 
 "' Jesse Allred 1826. 
 
 " Isaac Mitchell 1829. 
 
 " Thomas Redman 1826. 
 
 " George Tureman 1827. 
 
 " Edward Fuller 1830. 
 
 "^ " Levi Springer 1830. 
 
 ' ' William M. Clark 1827. 
 
 " George Freeman 1827. 
 
 ' ' Thomas Payne 1830. 
 
 '• Lucian T. Bryant 1830. 
 
 '' William Lamme 1826. 
 
 '■ Silas Freeman 1828. 
 
 " Isaiah Paschall 1828. 
 
 " Littleberry Freeman . . .1830. 
 
 '• Silas Freeman 1828. 
 
 19, 9, David McGinnis 1830. 
 
 ' ' Stephen Handy 1830. 
 
 ' ' Thos Plaster 1828. 
 
 " William Linn 1830. 
 
 " Richard McDonald 1829. 
 
 " Wilson Runyon 1830. 
 
 " William D. Leeper 1830. 
 
 " William Myers 1830. 
 
 " John Taylor 1829. 
 
 " Elias Rogers 1830. 
 
 " Jesse Armstrong 1830. 
 
 18, 9, William Holmes 1826. 
 
 " John Lee 1830. 
 
 '• Joseph Lee 1830. 
 
 " Robert Nance 1830. 
 
 " James Fletcher 1829. 
 
 17, 9, John Hughes 1827. 
 
 " Susanna Walker 1828. 
 
 •' Solomon Redman 1826. 
 
 '' Henry Kittner 1826. 
 
 " Martin Hardin 1827. 
 
 " Josiah Flinn 1826. 
 
 ' ' David Manchester 1830. 
 
 ^' William Miller 1826. 
 
 " StrotherBall 1826. 
 
 " Samuel Montgomery. . .1830. 
 
 17, 9, Burton Litton 1830. 
 
 " Page A. Williams 1826. 
 
 " Morris Davis 1826. 
 
 •* Josiah Sims 1826. 
 
 " Robert Fitzhugh 1826. 
 
 " Jesse Gum 1827. 
 
 •' Thomas Atkinson 1826. 
 
 '^ John Vance 1826. 
 
 •' James Welch 1827. 
 
 " Richard Jones 1826. 
 
 "• James Fletcher 1829. 
 
 " Andrew Beard 1827. 
 
 " John Bridges 1826. 
 
 " John Creel 1827. 
 
 •' Joseph McDonald 1826. 
 
 " Gersham Jayne 1829. 
 
 '• Jonas McDonald 1828. 
 
 " Anthony M. Thomas. . .1826. 
 
 " Alexander Beard 1829. 
 
 " John Robertson 1829. 
 
 ^' Felix French 1829. 
 
 * ' Richard A. Lane 1830. 
 
 '• John McDonald 1828. 
 
 19, 8, Isham Reavis ..1S30. 
 
 " Robert Taylor 1830. 
 
 " Wm. P. Morgan 1830. 
 
 18, 8 , Samuel Reid 1828. 
 
 •' Robert Elkins 1829. 
 
 •' Ralph Elkins 1829. 
 
 " Henry Williams 1828. 
 
 •• Eaton Nance 1828. 
 
 " John Lucas 1829. 
 
 " Susan Washburne 1828. 
 
 • ' David Williams 1829. 
 
 " Joel Ragsdale 1829. 
 
 17, 8, James B. Watson 1826. 
 
 " Wm. Cooper 1826. 
 
 Stephen Short 1830. 
 
 '• Wm. Crow 1826. 
 
 ' ' Lewis Farmer 1830. 
 
 " Stephen Lee 1830. 
 
 '« Eli Cox 1823. 
 
 ' ' Robert Johnson 1828. 
 
 " G.W.Wilson 1826. 
 
 " Wm. T. Hamilton 1826. 
 
 These make, by counting, 212 persons who entered land in what 
 is now Cass County, previous to the deep snow. 
 
16 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTT. 
 
 At this early date, before there were any other towns than Beards- 
 town, localities were known b}- other names, as for instance, Robin- 
 son's Mills, Panther Creek, Miller's Ferry, Schoonover's Ford, North 
 Prairie, Jerse}' Prairie or Workman Post-office, Panther or Painter 
 Grove, as it was called ; Painter Creek Post-office, where Chandler- 
 ville is now ; Little Painter, Middle Creek Settlement, Fly Point, 
 Sylvan Grove, Puncheon Camp, Lynn Grove, etc. 
 
 The winter of 1830-31 was a remarkable one, and will always be 
 remembered by old settlers as the most terrible for suffering within 
 their memories. The snow fell at first about thirty inches deep, then 
 the weather settled, and another snow fell, and another, until it was 
 from four to six feet deep. In drifts it was much deeper. Fences 
 were covered and lanes filled up. There was much suffering every- 
 where. Stock died for want of food. Deer stood in their tracks and 
 died. Prairie chickens and quails having alighted in the snow, could 
 not get out. Man was the only animal that could walk, and game 
 alone, of the food kind, was all he had in plenty. That could be 
 had for the picking up from the snow, for it was helpless. But, 
 finalh', even game became so poor from starvation that it was unfit 
 for food. The snow staid on the ground nearly all winter, until 
 March, and people ran short of every thing, particularly fuel. 
 Thomas Beard, recollecting a widow with a small family living at the 
 bluffs, generously walked out there, and found her and her family 
 on the verge of starvation, and hovering over the last remnants of a 
 fire, she having used all her fuel. Mr. Beard tore up some fencing 
 and chopped a large pile of wood for her, and afterwards carried 
 provisions to her through the snow on foot, a distance of seven miles, 
 as a horse could not travel. 
 
 In 1831 the Indians became verj' troublesome in this State, and 
 threatened to overrun the white population. They were led by Black 
 Hawk, their chief and prophet, who pretended to have power given 
 him by the Great Spirit to destroy the pale-faces. He attacked the 
 whites with so much vigor that militia companies were formed for 
 self-protection. A battalion of this militia, of 275 men, commanded 
 by Major Israel Stillman, of Fulton County, was. on the 14th of May, 
 1832, attacked by Black Hawk on a small branch of Sycamore Creek 
 and badly defeated and cut up. This was called the battle of 
 " Stillman's Run." The first call which Governor Reynolds made 
 for troops was in May, 1831, for all able-bodied men who were 
 willing to fight the Indians, to the number of seven hundred, to 
 rendezvous at Beardstown, on the 10th day of June. On that day 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. • 17 
 
 they assembled in Beardstowu in three times that number. Gov. 
 Reynolds organized them at once by appointing Joseph Duncan, of 
 Jacksonville, brigadier-general, and our Enoch C. March, of Beards- 
 town, quartermaster. March was equal to the occasion. He was so 
 well acquainted with this vicinity that he soon furnished the necessary 
 supplies. But Gov. Reynolds was at a loss to know how to arin 
 those who had not brought rifles. In this emergency, Francis Arenz 
 came to the rescue. He was a merchant in Beardstowii, ^h'd had 
 previously purchased some light brass-barreled fowling^iiieces, which 
 had been manufactured in the East for a South American government, 
 and not answering the purpose for which they were made they were 
 shipped "West to shoot birds with. These answered excellently for 
 arms for light horsemen and skirihishers. The troops were encamped 
 above town, where the saw mills now stand, until they took up their 
 march. In their ranks were some of the best men of the country. 
 
 I will relate one incident only, connected with the Black-Hawk 
 "War, to show how it affected the then futui'e history, of at least a 
 portion, of Cass County. 
 
 David Epler, a resident of North Prairie in this count}^ came to 
 Beardstown to purchase two barrels of salt. He drove two beautiful 
 horses, well harnessed, and a good wagon ; altogether just what Col. 
 March wanted for war material. He accordingly seized them, under 
 that law so universally adopted in war times, that " might makes 
 right," and took them from Mr. Epler, nolens volens. But Mr. 
 Epler refused to give them np, and, his face livid with anger, declared 
 that he would defend them with his life, and that the colonel and his 
 troops would have to walk over his dead body before he would give up 
 his favorite team ; at least, until he was paid their value. Col. March 
 then offered to pay for them what two disinterested men should say 
 the}' were worth. This was agreed to. There were then stopping 
 in Beardstown two comparative strangers. Dr. Charles Chandler and 
 a man named Crawford ; to them the cause was referred. The}^, 
 having come from the East, were wholly unacquainted with the low 
 prices of this new country, and priced the team at eastern values, 
 which Col. March felt in honor bound to abide b}', and the consequence 
 was Mr. Epler got $350 for his team, which was a large price then. 
 This incident leads me to relate how Dr. Chandler came here. 
 He left Rhode Island, where he had a good practice in his profession, 
 and a new house which he had just built, and started westward with 
 his family, with the intention of settling at Fort Clark, where Peoria 
 now stands. 
 
 2 
 
18 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTT. 
 
 When the steamer, upon which he came up the Illinois River, 
 arrived at Beardstown — the hostile attitude of the Indians in the 
 vicinit}', and the preparations for a general Indian war, induced the 
 captain to discharge his passengers and freight at Beardstown, he 
 thinking it unsafe to go an}' further north with his boat. 
 
 While here, Dr. Chandler took a ride up the Sangamon Bottom 
 with Thomas Beard, and he was so well pleased with that part of it 
 where Chandlerville now stands, that he determined to go no further 
 north, but to settle there. This was in the spring of 1832. The 
 bottom and bluffs had been burned over, and the new, fresh, green 
 grass and beautiful flowers had sprung up : the trees and vines and 
 shrubbery were dressed in their most inviting foliage, and he had 
 never seen so beautiful a sight. In a short time he took his wife and 
 little daughter to see their future home, and the}' were equally 
 delighted with it. There was a wagon road up the bottom, winding 
 along the bluffs, in about the same place it now does, but so little was 
 it travelled that it had not hindered the fire passing over it, and in 
 the middle of the road, between the two horse-paths, was a ridge of 
 green grass mingled with strawberry vines, which looked like a row 
 of cultivated strawberries, and these right in the road ; the doctor 
 and his wife and little daughter ate in abundance the large, ripe 
 berries. The doctor entered 160 acres of land where the town of 
 Chandlerville now stands, and built his cabin upon the site of the 
 present Congregational Church, He broke up three acres of land 
 that spring, late as it was, and raised a crop of buckwheat upon it, 
 without any fence around. 
 
 There was a universal custom among the settlers at that time, 
 that every man should be entitled to 80 acres of land on each side of 
 the land already entered by him until such time as he was able to 
 enter it, as it was called, or, in other words, until he could raise 
 money enough to buy it from the Government at $1.25 per acre ; and 
 it was considered as mean as stealing for another man to enter it. 
 
 Shortly after the doctor had settled there, a man stopped there 
 named English, who was so well pleased with the prospect that he 
 concluded to enter land and settle there. The doctor assisted and 
 befriended him all he could, and, to induce him to stop, offered to 
 give up his claim to one-half of the 80 acre tract, next to the land 
 that English wanted, and let him enter it. English told him that he 
 was going to Springfield and enter the ichole tract ; that he did not 
 care for the customs of the country ; and that he was going to have 
 it right or wrong, and started for Springfield. All of Dr. Chandler's 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 19 
 
 expostulations with him did not avail anything. The doctor went to 
 his cabin and looked over his little pile of mone}- and found that he 
 had fifty dollars. He thought that his neighbor McAul}' had some 
 money, and, saddling his best horse, he rode to McAuly's house and 
 borrowed fiftv dollars more. Thus provided, he took a different route 
 through the woods and prairies from that chosen b}' English, and, 
 putting his horse to his best speed, started for the Land Office. 
 
 When about ten miles of vSpringfield, he overtook two young 
 men on horse-back, and as his horse was foaming with perspiration, 
 and nearh' tired out, he rode slowly along with the young men, as 
 well to rest his horse, as to relate to them the cause of his haste. 
 When he told them of the meanness of the man English, one of the 
 young men was so indignant that he offered the doctor his own 
 comparatively fresh horse, that he might make all haste and thwart 
 the efforts of English, while the 3'oung man would ride the doctor's 
 horse slowly into town. But the doctor rode his own horse, got 
 safely to the Land Office and entered the land before English got 
 there. Sometime after that he wanted to have his land surve3'ed, 
 and the count}' surve^-or lived at Jacksonville, but a neighbor told 
 him that there was a better surveyor living at Salem, in Sangamon 
 County, named Abraham Lincoln. So the doctor sent for him, and 
 when he came with his implements to do the surveying, the doctor 
 found that Abraham Lincoln, the surveyor, was the same young man 
 who had so kindly offered to lend him his horse, so that he might 
 defeat the rascally man English. 
 
 Dr. Chandler was the first physician in Central Illinois who 
 adopted quinine in his practice as a remed}- ; the first who introduced 
 the practice of the infliction of bodih" pain as a remedy for over 
 doses of opium ; and the first who opposed bleeding as a remedy. 
 When he went to Sangamon Bottom, he was called into practice 
 before he could build a stable, and for weeks, when at home, tied his 
 horse to a tree and pulled grass to feed him on, having no sc^'the to 
 cut it with. He built the first frame house within the present limits 
 of this count}'. It was 10x12 feet, one-story, and shingled with split 
 and shaved oak shingles, which made a good roof for 25 years — a 
 fact worthy of notice. He built it for a drug store and office, and it 
 is still in existence. In 1836, he built his present large residence. 
 His reason for building so large a house at that early day was, that 
 it was exactly like the one he had built and left in Rhode Island : and 
 as his famil}' had sacrificed so much in leaving their comfortable 
 
20 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 home for the wilds of the west, he wished to make a home as near 
 like their former one as possible. 
 
 In 1833, Jackson was president ; John Re^'nolds, governor ; and 
 Clay and Webster were in their glory. Beardstown was quite a 
 flourishing town, and the port on the river from which most towns in 
 the interior of the State got their supplies of goods, and from which 
 their produce was shipped to market. 
 
 In that year Francis Arenz began publishing the first newspaper 
 north of Jacksonville and south of Chicago, entitled " The Beards- 
 town Chronicle and Illinois Military Bountj' Land Advertiser." This 
 paper did the advertising for the counties of Mason, Warren, Brown, 
 Schuyler, McDonough, Stark, Knox, and Fulton, as there were no 
 newspapers printed in those counties. There were no lawj-ers in 
 Beardstown then, but those usually consulted by our citizens were : 
 John J. Hardin, Walter Jones, Aaron B. Fontaine, Josiah Lamborn, 
 and Murray McConnell of Jacksonville, and William H. Richardson 
 of Rushville. 
 
 In 1833, there was not a single merchant north of the Manvistarre, 
 outside of Beardstown, and not one advertised in the " Beardstown 
 Chronicle ;" an4 money was so scarce that it was almost impossible 
 for any kind of business to be transacted. Francis Arenz humorously 
 ascribes the phenomenon of the great meteoric shower of that year, 
 to the fact, that a day or two previously a subscriber had paid him 
 two dollars, all in cash, for a year's subscription to the " Chronicle." 
 
 The names of the steamers which navigated the Illinois River in 
 1833-34, were the Peoria, Exchange, Ottawa, Ceres, Utility, Cavalier, 
 Express, Black Hawk, and Olive Branch. 
 
 James B. Kenner kept the Bounty Land Hotel at Beard's landing, 
 on the west bank of the river, opposite Beardstown. 
 
 Prices of staples in 1833 at Beardstown were : Flour, imported, 
 per barrel, $4.25 ; wheat, in 90 days, per bushel, 50c. ; wheat, cash, 
 per bushel, 45c. ; salt, per bushel, 75c. ; corn, per bushel, 12 to 16c. ; 
 beans, per bushel, 50c. ; whiskey, per gallon, 48c. ; pork, per lb. 
 2^c. ; butter, per lb. 10c. ; beef, per lb. 2|c. ; cigars, per 1000, $1 ; 
 cigars, per box, best, $1. 
 
 The business men of Beardstown in 1834 were: Francis Arenz, 
 L. W. Talmage & Co., T. & J. S. Wilbourne, J. M. Merchant & Co., 
 Haywood Read, J. Parrott & Co., merchants ; John Alfred, M. 
 Kingsbury, and Liscomb & Buckle, tailors ; J. Roulston, hat-maker ; 
 Henry Boemler, cabinet maker ; M. McCreary, cooper ; Malony & 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 21 
 
 Smith, forwarding and commission business. There were also : Dr. 
 J. W. Fitch, Dr. Owen M. Long, and Dr. Chas. Hochstetter. 
 
 As descriptive of the business of Beardstown, I will quote the 
 following extract from an editorial in the " Beardstown Chronicle " 
 of March 1, 1834: 
 
 " Since the opening of the river, there has been shipped from this 
 place 1,502 barrels of flour and 150 barrels of pork. Ready for 
 shipment at the warehouses at this time, 581 barrels of flour, 400 
 barrels pork, and 150 kegs of lard. This is a fair commencement of 
 exporting surplus produce from a country where a few years ago many 
 of such articles were imported. Two steam flouring mills and one 
 steam saw mill are now in operation. A large brewery and distillery 
 are being built, with a grist mill. Besides, arrangements are being 
 made for building ware, store, and dwelling houses. Four 3'ears ago 
 only three families, residing in log huts, lived in this place, and now, 
 we venture to assert, more business is transacted in this town than 
 any other place in the State." 
 
 The old Brick School House in Beardstown, now a part of Dr. 
 Theo. Hoffman's premises, was built in 1834, by Beard .and Arenz, 
 and presented b}' them to the inhabitants. 
 
 At that time great stress was laid upon the navigability of the 
 Sangamon River, as boats frequently passed up and down that stream. 
 In 1832, a steamboat of the larger class went up the Sangamon to 
 within five miles of Springfield, and discharged its cargo there. 
 
 The farm houses, just previous to the organizing of Cass County, 
 were mostl}' built of logs, and, in many cases, innocent of glass. 
 The floors were made of puncheon or split logs, as saw mills were 
 few and far between. The flre-places were made of logs filled up 
 with clay dug from beneath the floors. A temporary wall would be 
 built about two feet inside the log wall ; the space then filled with 
 earth, and wetted, was pounded or rammed down solid. The inner 
 wall was then taken away and a fire built inside, which baked the 
 jams like brick. Then this was surmounted with a stick and clay 
 chimney, a pole was run across to hang kettles on ; and the chinks 
 between the logs of the house were filled up with sticks, clay, and 
 chopped straw. The doors and roof of the house were made of 
 split boards, and frequentlj' not a nail or any iron was used in the 
 "whole house. The roof-boards were kept in their places by logs 
 weighing them down ; the doors, held together by wooden pins, hung 
 on wooden hinges, and latched with wooden latches. The houses 
 generally had but one room and two doors, but no window. Usually, 
 
22 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 one door of the house was left open, no matter how cold the weather 
 was, to admit light ; and rareh' both doors were closed, except when 
 the family were about to retire to rest. So habituated were people to 
 open doors that that custom prevailed even after the introduction of 
 glass into the cabins, for windows. It is related, that on a very cold 
 day, an eastern man who was visiting a friend at his log cabin, 
 proposed to close the door to make the house warmer. The pro- 
 prietor expressed his surprise at the proposition, but did not object 
 to try it as an experiment. After the door had been shut a few 
 minutes, he seemed much pleased with the result, and said, "Well, 
 I declare I I believe it does make a difference." 
 A rural poet has truthfully stated that — 
 
 "In every country village where 
 Ten chimneys' smoke perfume the ajr, 
 
 Contiguous to a steeple. 
 Great gentle-folks are found, a score, 
 Who can't associate any more 
 With common country people." 
 
 So even in our early da3's we had some aristocrats. Occasionally, a 
 man was found that built his house of hewn logs, and had sawn 
 planks for his floor, and perhaps a glass window. And then some 
 ambitious neighbor must over top him, and the wonderful palatial 
 double-log-house, with a porch between, appeared. By the 3'oungsters 
 this seemed extravagant and useless ; but the surprise of every- 
 body' was Dr. Chandler's large, well-finished frame house. Even 
 beds were more accommodating then than now, and would hold many 
 more occupants. There was one, usually, in eachjof two corners in 
 every log cabin, and under each of these was a trundle-bed which 
 pulled out at night ; and then there was bedding to spare in most 
 houses, and, when friends called and stayed all night, which they 
 usually did, a field-bed was made that accommodated all. When 
 meal time came, a large amount of good wholesome provender would 
 be supplied, considering the few cooking utensils that were used. 
 Even in well-to-do families the articles for cooking consisted of a 
 Dutch oven, in which first the bread and then the meat was cooked, 
 a coflTee-pot, and a kettle to cook vegetables, when the}' had any. 
 Wheat bread was scarce, and corn bread was universally used. When 
 bread was spoken of without a prefix, corn bread was meant ; anj* 
 other kind being designated as ivheat bread or rye bread. I recollect 
 a circumstance which will illustrate how corn bread was respected. 
 When Major Miller kept the Western Hotel in Jacksonville, in 1836, 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 23 
 
 there was a grocer}' under it called " Our House." A Yankee, who 
 had been stopping with the Major, called into the grocery to get his 
 bitters, and outraged the thirsty customers at the bar by an offensive 
 allusion to the corn bread he had had set before him at the hotel 
 table, stating among other remarks, that corn bread was only fit for 
 hogs to eat. At this an irritable native took offence ; he i^eeled oflF 
 his coat, and squared his brawny shoulders before the astonished 
 Yankee, and said, " See yer, stranger, I don't know you who you 
 are, and I don't keer a durn, nuther ; but I'll have you understand 
 that the man that makes fun of corn bread makes fun of the principal 
 part of m}- living." It was with considerable difficulty that a fuss 
 was prevented, and then only by the Yankee apologising and treating 
 the crowd to the drinks. 
 
 While speaking of Yankees, I might just as well say, that this 
 part of Morgan County was settled principally by citizens from south 
 of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers ; and a strong prejudice was felt 
 against people from New England, who were all denominated 
 "Yankees;" and, to be just, candor compels me to admit that the 
 representatives of the descendants of the pilgrim fathers, who peddled 
 clocks and tinware, and notions, and essences, and the like, through 
 this part of the country at that time, were not calculated in every 
 instance to inspire any high respect for them as a class. 
 Fitz Greene Helleck, the poet, writes of them as 
 
 •' Apostates, who are meddling 
 
 With merchandise, pounds, shillings, pence, and peddling; 
 
 Or. wandering through southern countries, teaching 
 The A, B, C, from Webster's spelling-hook; 
 
 Gallant and godly, making love, and preaching. 
 And gaining, by what they call " hook and crook," 
 
 And what the moralists call overreaching, 
 A decent living. The Virginians look 
 
 Upon them with as favorable eyes 
 
 As Gabriel on the devil in paradise." 
 
 In fact, a mean trick was always expected from a Yankee ; while there 
 is reason to believe that, really, there was sometimes just as mean 
 things done by persons from other portions of the nation. To 
 illustrate : Nearly forty years ago, I attended a wolf hunt on Indian 
 Creek. There were about a hundred of us, on horseback, up on a 
 rise in the timber, waiting to hear from the hoimds, and passing the 
 time in conversation. The subject of discussion, a not unusual one, 
 was the Yankees, and each man had a story to tell of some Yankee 
 trick. Finallv, old Uncle Bob Martin, who had but one eye, but was. 
 
24 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 nevertheless, quite an oracle in such matters, had his say, in this 
 wise: ''Well, gentlemen, I'll tell yer what it is. I've seed aheap 
 'er Yankees in my da}', and I know all about 'em. I know 'em like a 
 book, inside and out, and I tell 3'er what it is, gentlemen, all the 
 Yankees don't come from New England nuther, not by a durn sight. 
 And the meanest Yankee I ever seed, gentlemen, was a Kanetucky 
 Yankee." 
 
 I said corn bread was the principal article of diet then. But there 
 were various kinds of corn bread. That most in use was corn dodger. 
 This was simpl}- made of corn meal, hot water and a little salt, 
 stirred together to the consistenc}' of dough ; then a double handful 
 was rounded, flatted, and placed in a hot Dutch oven, surrounded 
 with glowing embers. An oven would hold three or four of these, 
 and they were cooked so quickly that a woman could keep quite a 
 large number of hungry men in business. Then there was the pumpkin 
 bread, made by mixing pumpkins and meal, and the pone. This last 
 was considered suitable for kings, and I must tell you how it was 
 made. It was thus : Take as much corn meal as is wanted for use ; 
 sift it ; put it in an iron kettle and pour on it boiling water ; stir it 
 till it becomes well mixed and quite thin ; this being right, let it 
 remain in the same vessel till morning, and if kept warm it will be 
 well fermented (which is necessarj- ) ; then put it into a hot Dutch 
 oven, it being heated before the dough is put in it ; apply good live 
 embers on the lid of the oven as well as under it, being careful not to 
 burn it. These were sometimes baked in hot ashes and embers, 
 without an oven. These were called ash-pones. 
 
 Butter was not common, except in the spring and summer ; but 
 large quantities of fat bacon and hams were used instead, which were 
 kept the 3'ear round, in the smoke houses, one of which ever}- family 
 had. Potatoes were unkno"tTn for many j-ears ; and when they were 
 introduced, they were at first ver}' unpopular. People that ate them 
 were stigmatized as Irish. Deer, prairie-chickens and other game, 
 as well as domestic fowls, were very plenty and much used for food. 
 
 The principal clothing worn by the men was of Kentucky jeans, 
 made into pants and hunting shirts. Under-clothing was hardh' ever 
 worn, even in winter, and overcoats, never ; and 3'et men seemed as 
 warm and comfortable then as they do now, with under-garments and 
 overcoats. The ladies dressed principally in linsey of their own 
 weaving. I well recollect when calico was first generally worn. 
 Patterns with large flower}' figures were preferred ; and although 
 our prairies were covered all over in profusion with the most beautiful 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 25 
 
 of flowers, like unto a garden of tlie gods, yet, I must admit, the 
 prettiest flowers to my delighted eyes were those printed upon calico. 
 And I might admit further, that they are not altogether displeasing 
 to me even now. At the huskings, weddings, meetings, and merry- 
 makings, the girls looked as pretty then in their home-made suits as 
 they do now, though arrayed in all the gaud and glory of the milliner. 
 The principal occasions of great public gatherings were political 
 discussions ; for, either fortunately or unfortunately (and which it is 
 is a great moral question) , there never was a man hung within the 
 limits of this county at the hands of justice, so the public have never 
 been called together out of curiosity on that account. Among our 
 public speakers at that time were : Lincoln, Hardin, Baker, Lam- 
 born, Richardson, and more latterly, Yates and Douglas, besides 
 many from a distance. Besides these occasions, we had preaching 
 in the schoolhouses and barns and gi'oves. Often have some of us, 
 now present, listened to Reddick Horn, Cyrus Wright, Peter Cart- 
 wright, " Old Man Hammaker," of North Prairie, and many others. 
 How many of the old settlers here recollect Old Father Doyle, 
 who used to shout "power" until the far-ofl" woods rang, and the 
 hills sent back the echo. Oh ! those public meetings in the woods ; 
 how grand they were ! Bryant sings of them and says — 
 
 '• The groves were God's first temples. 
 Ah ! why should we in the world's riper years neglect 
 God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore 
 Only among the crowd, and under roofs 
 That our frail hands have raised." 
 
 There used to be a famous camp meeting gi'ound for many years 
 at " Uncle " William Holmes', north-east of Virginia, and people 
 attended it from twenty miles around. When this county was first 
 formed, there were but few farms on North Prairie, except those 
 skirting the edge of the timber ; and a man could cross it any where 
 on horseback, led only by Indian trails, or the points of timber. 
 For instance, a man could start from the Jacksonville road at Yaples 
 or Peterfish's farm, south of where Virginia now is, and go straight 
 to Holmes' camp ground, a distance of about ten miles, northeast, 
 and not pass a fence. 
 
 In 1835, the Beardstown and Sangamon Canal Company were 
 incorporated, and there was considerable interest taken in that work. 
 
 In 1836, on the 16th day of June, Dr. H. H. Hall laid out and 
 platted the town of Virginia, he having entered the land upon which 
 it stands a short time previously. 
 
'2G HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 About this time there became a gradually growing feeling of 
 dissatisfaction in this, the northern part of Morgan County, with the 
 management of county affairs at Jacksonville. It seemed to the 
 people here, that Morgan County was ruled by Jacksonville, and 
 that that village was ruled by a clique, or ring, as it would now be 
 called. This feeling became more conspicuous, as at that time the 
 removal of the State capital was being worked up. It was 
 provided in the Constitution of 1818, while the capital was at 
 Kaskaskia, that the Legislature should locate a new town, which 
 should be the capital for twenty years. This the Legislature 
 did, and named the place Vandalia. The constitutional limit of 
 that location was fast approaching, and a new seat of government 
 was to be selected. 
 
 A statute was passed February 5, 1833, providing, that after the 
 expiration of the time prescribed by the constitution for the seat of 
 government remaining at Vandalia, the people should vote for one of 
 the following named places for the permanent seat of government, 
 to- wit : "The geographical centre of the State," Jacksonville, 
 Springfield, Alton, Vandalia, and Peoria, and the point receiving the 
 highest number of votes should forever remain the seat of govern- 
 ment. The southern part of the State was at that time most thickly 
 settled, and it soon became evident, that, unless the people of Central 
 Illinois united upon a town in their portion of the State, Vandalia 
 or Alton would gain it. The people in the northern portion of 
 the State were willing to sacrifice Peoria, but the people of Central 
 Illinois were divided between Springfield and Jacksonville. There 
 was a gi'owing feeling, however, in favor of Springfield, as being the 
 most available ; and a convention was called by the central and 
 northern counties, to meet at Rushville, on the 7th day of April, 1834, 
 to unite on one point to support for the State capital. Jacksonville 
 was opposed to this, and favored the deferring the removal of the 
 seat of government to some future time, hoping to gain strength by 
 this line of policy. Consequently, Jacksonville refused to take part 
 in the Rushville convention, while the northern part of the 
 county met at Beardstown, decided to take part in the convention, 
 and elected Archibald Job and Thomas Beard to represent them 
 there, which they afterwards did. This occasioned a discussion 
 between the newspaper of Jacksonville, conducted by Josiah Lam- 
 born, and the "Chronicle," on the part of Beardstown, by Francis 
 Arenz. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY, 27 
 
 To show the state of this feeling as early as 1834, the following 
 is from the " Chronicle" of March 25th, of that year : 
 
 " In the ' Chronicle,' No. 35, we published the preamble and 
 resolutions adopted at a public meeting held in Beardstown on the 
 20th of February last. In one of the resolutions, Archibald Job and 
 Thomas Beard were appointed to attend as delegates at Rushville, 
 on the first Monday of April- next, to represent the wishes of the 
 people in the northern part of Morgan County. 
 
 " In our last number we published the proceedings of a meeting 
 held in Jacksonville on the 3d inst. One of the resolutions adopted 
 at that meeting, declares, that ' from the neutral position of Morgan 
 County in relation to locality and interest, it is inexpedient, at this 
 time, for citizens of our county to send delegates to the convention 
 proposed to be held on the first Monday of April next.' 
 
 " We also published a letter from J. Lamborn, Esq., to the editor 
 of this paper, explanatory of the views and feelings of those 
 attending the Jacksonville meeting towards their fellow citizens of 
 the northern part of Morgan County, who composed the Beardstown 
 meeting ; but as this letter was not part of the proceedings at 
 Jacksonville, and the resolutions adopted are contrary and in 
 opposition to the friendly feelings privately expressed by Mr. Lam- 
 born, we have to take the sentiments as expressed l)y the meeting. 
 
 "The meeting at Beardstown was composed of freemen. They 
 acted for themselves, and appointed two delegates to represent their 
 wishes at the proposed convention, leaving four delegates to be 
 chosen in other parts of Morgan County. If our fellow citizens at 
 Jacksonville, and in the southern and western parts of the county, 
 did not choose to send delegates, no objection or dissatisfaction 
 would have been entertained ; but a meeting composed of about 
 one hundred and fifty individuals at Jacksonville and vicinity (being 
 acquainted with the sentiments expressed here), have assumed to 
 indicate in their resolution that it is inexpedient, at this time, for the 
 citizens of our county to send delegates. To this decree the citizens 
 of the north will not submit. We unhesitatingly say, that two 
 delegates will attend and represent their wishes. We believe the 
 time has gone by when a few leaders of Jacksonville controlled the 
 votes of Morgan County ; and we would advise those who have 
 influence in and about Jacksonville, to use it with discretion. The 
 people north of Indian Creek, and we doubt not in other parts of the 
 county, understand their own interest, and will act accordingly." 
 
28 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 The convention was held at Rushville at the appointed time, and 
 such united action was taken as eventuated in the passage of a 
 statute on the 3d day of Februaiy, 1837, which permanently located 
 the seat of government at Springfield, and Archibald Job, A. G-. 
 Heniy and Thomas Hunghan were appointed commissioners to 
 superintend the erection of the State House. 
 
 At the very same session which removed the capital, on the 3d 
 day of March, 1837, a bill was passed that the people of Morgan 
 County should, on the third Monday of April of that year, vote for 
 and against the division of that county, on the line running through 
 the middle of townships seventeen, north, and in case the vote 
 favored it, all north of that line to constitute a new county, to be 
 called the county of Cass ; that the count}' seat should be at Beards- 
 town, until the people should permanently locate the county seat by 
 election ; and the school fund should be divided according to the 
 number of the townships between the two counties. 
 
 The election was had ; the feeling between the northern and 
 southern sides of the count}' was such that the election was favor- 
 able to division, and the northern townships immediately called an 
 election for oflScers with which to organize the new county of Cass. 
 
 There were then but three voting precincts in this part of Morgan 
 County, which was about being formed into a new county ; they were : 
 Beardstown, Virginia and Richmond, and the following are the 
 names of every man that voted at that election, with the names of 
 the precincts the}' voted in : 
 
 Poll Book at an election held at the house of Moses Perkins, in the 
 Beardstown Precinct, in the County of Cass, Ills., August 7, 1837. 
 Thos. Beard, James Arnold, John Scheffer, judges ; T. U. Webb, C. 
 W. Clarke, clerks. 
 
 C. F. Kaudage. 
 Elisha Marshall, 
 John Marshall, 
 Jos. Seaman, 
 Isham Revis. 
 Xich. Parsons. 
 Lewis G. Lambert, 
 . Wm. Cox. 
 
 Frank!. Stewart. 
 Sam. Hunt, 
 Jas. Pounds, 
 Fredy Wliite, 
 Landerick Kale, 
 
 John F. Bailey, 
 Alex. King, 
 Ben. Beasley, 
 Christ. Shanks, 
 Jerem. Wilson, 
 Jordan Marshall, 
 Jos. Britton, 
 Geo. Bryant, 
 Jas. King, 
 Geo. McKay, 
 .John C. Linsley, 
 Elizur Anderson. 
 Edmund Ensly, 
 
 Evan Jenkins, 
 T. C. Mills, 
 Wm. Turkymire, 
 J. W. Crewdson, 
 Thos. Haskins, 
 Andr. Keltner, 
 Amasa Reeves, 
 Chr. Boyd, 
 Jos. Haskins. 
 Milton Pamiele, 
 Jno. Quail, 
 Barnard Beist, 
 Ben. Britton, 
 

 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS 
 
 COUNTY. 29 
 
 Geo. Cowan, 
 
 Wm. Bryant, 
 
 Wm. Home, 
 
 •T. N. Jenkins, 
 
 Dav. Marshall, 
 
 Thos. C. Black, 
 
 Dan. Britton, 
 
 Bluford Haines, 
 
 Owen Clemens, 
 
 Sam. Groshong, 
 
 Hy. Schaft'er, 
 
 Bradford Rew, 
 
 Jn. Kettely, 
 
 Thos. Pierce, 
 
 Lewis Cowan, 
 
 Wm. Quigg, 
 
 Jacob J. Brown, 
 
 Nich. Coterall. 
 
 Marcus Chandler, 
 
 Jackson Stewart, 
 
 Gottlieb Jokisch, 
 
 Leander Brown, 
 
 Jos. Canby, 
 
 Jn. Cuppy, 
 
 Jas. Garlick, 
 
 Geo. Garlick. 
 
 Godfr. Gutlet, 
 
 Dan'l Boyne, 
 
 Jas. Dickinson, 
 
 John C. Scott, 
 
 Thos. Proctor, 
 
 Wesley Pay ton, 
 
 Wm. H. McKanley, 
 
 Rich'd Graves, 
 
 Isaac Short, 
 
 Alex. Ratclifl". 
 
 Rich'd Wells, 
 
 Amasa Warren, 
 
 Math. McBride, 
 
 Geo. Brown, 
 
 Geo. Schaeflfr, 
 
 John Burns, 
 
 Ben. Horom, 
 
 Asa Street. 
 
 John Bridgewater, 
 
 Jos. H. Clemens, 
 
 Jas. Roach, 
 
 Jno. A. Thomas 
 
 Jas. Neeper, 
 
 Jas. A. Carr, 
 
 John Buck, 
 
 Jackson Scott, 
 
 John Haram, 
 
 Wm. R. Wiiite, 
 
 Stephen Buck, 
 
 Zach. Bridgewater, 
 
 Jn. W. Anderson, 
 
 Wm. Shuteman, 
 
 Wm. Moore, 
 
 Henry Collins, 
 
 Edward Salley, 
 
 Wm. R. Parks, 
 
 Hy. Roha, 
 
 Demsey Boyce, 
 
 Jn. P. Dick, 
 
 Wm. Bassett, 
 
 Aaron Powell, 
 
 Joshua Morris. - 
 
 Jas. Davidson, 
 
 Jerm. Bowes, 
 
 Wm. W. Clemens, 
 
 Robt. Lindsay, 
 
 Jas. Case, 
 
 J. Philippi, 
 
 Wm. Cross, 
 
 A. Philippi, 
 
 Jas. Scott, 
 
 Jn. Wilbourns, 
 
 P. Philippi, 
 
 Jas. Cook, 
 
 John McKean, 
 
 W. W. Gordon, 
 
 John Gutliff Berger, 
 
 Jas. Logan, 
 
 Hy. Havekluft, 
 
 Fred. Krohe, 
 
 Jos. Baker, 
 
 Jac. Fisal, 
 
 Aug. Krohe, 
 
 Christ. Newman, 
 
 John Newman, 
 
 Fred. Inkle, 
 
 Thos. Stokes, 
 
 John Yokes, 
 
 Louis Sudbrink, 
 
 Jasper Buck, 
 
 Orrin Hicks, 
 
 Adam Krough. 
 
 Jas. Davis, 
 
 John Waggoner, 
 
 Montela Richardson, 
 
 Jas. Bell, 
 
 Thos. Cowan, 
 
 Rucy Richardson, 
 
 E. R. Gillet. 
 
 John Hicks, 
 
 W. Moody, 
 
 J. B. Pierce. 
 Harmon Byrnes, 
 
 Dav. Newman, 
 
 Sam. Fletcher, 
 
 G. A. Bonny, 
 
 L. H. Treadway, 
 
 Joshua Alexander, 
 
 Nich. Rheim, 
 
 John Price, 
 
 Edw'd Treadway, 
 
 Moses Derby, 
 
 Reuben Alexander, »^ 
 
 Chs. Chandler, 
 
 Jas. Bonnett, 
 
 Jn. Miller, 
 
 Peter Light, 
 
 Curtis Hager, 
 
 Lewis Haines, 
 
 Wm. B. Gaines, 
 
 Dan. Wells, 
 
 Phil. Schaffer, 
 
 Fred. Krohe, 
 
 Hy. P. Ross, 
 
 Gottleib Jokisch, 
 
 Caleb Lee, 
 
 Hy. Kemble, 
 
 Jn. H. Treadway, 
 
 Thos. Carroll, 
 
 Edw. Saunders, 
 
 John Richardson, 
 
 Phil. Kuhn, 
 
 Adolph Shupong, 
 
 Christ'n Kuhl, 
 
 G. Kuhl, 
 
 G. Kuhl, 2d. 
 
 John Holkmon, 
 
 John Rohn, 
 
 Henry T. Foster, 
 
 Seymour Coffren, 
 
 Jac. Downing, 
 

 30 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS 
 
 COUNTY. 
 
 Dav. Tureman, 
 
 Pet. B. Bell, 
 
 Edw. Collins. 
 
 Dav. Spence. 
 
 Morgan Kemper, 
 
 John Pierson, 
 
 Moritz Hallenbach, 
 
 Thos. Bryant, 
 
 Lewis Piper, 
 
 Hy. Boemler, 
 
 Otto Wells, 
 
 Jn. Steele, 
 
 Dav. Emmerich, 
 
 J. W. Lippincott, 
 
 Am. Arenz, 
 
 L. H. Wilkey, 
 
 Wm. Shepard, 
 
 Pet. Douglas. 
 
 Thos. J. Moseley, 
 
 Sam. Thompson, 
 
 Hy. Kashner, 
 
 Joel K. Bowman, 
 
 Hy. Hendricker, 
 
 J. M. Quate, 
 
 Wm. W. Gillet, 
 
 Rob. Moore, 
 
 Jn. W. Gillis, 
 
 Wm. Hemminghouse, 
 
 Wm. Sewell, 
 
 Dav. Jones, 
 
 Fred. Kors, 
 
 Sam. McKee. 
 
 Jos. W. Hardy, 
 
 John Decker, 
 
 T. A. Hoffman, 
 
 Wm. Miller, 
 
 Chs. Garland, 
 
 Reuben Hager, 
 
 Christ. Trone, 
 
 John Brackle, 
 
 John Duchardt, 
 
 Jessie Ankrom, 
 
 Chr. Hell, 
 
 Wm. L. Felix, 
 
 John McKowan, 
 
 Elisha Olcott, 
 
 John Ayers, 
 
 Hy. Whittick, 
 
 Absalom Spence, 
 
 Hammer Oatman, 
 
 Carlton Logan, 
 
 Wm. Ritchie, 
 
 Thos. Saunders. 
 
 Wm. Butler, 
 
 Hy. Miller, 
 
 A. Williams, 
 
 H. Smith, 
 
 M. Kemper, 
 
 J. B. Wilson, 
 
 J. C. Spence, 
 
 Wm. Moore, 
 
 Thos. Payne, 
 
 Nich. Kelly, 
 
 Sam. Shaw, 
 
 Wm. B. Ulside. 
 
 Wm. W. Bolt, " 
 
 Jos. McClure, 
 
 Dan. Sheldon, 
 
 Wm. DeHaven, 
 
 Wm. Dougall, 
 
 John McLane, 
 
 Hy. Wedeking, 
 
 Wm. Holmes, 
 
 Lewis Kloker, 
 
 Dan. Riggle, 
 
 Lewis Nolte, 
 
 F. Arenz, 
 
 G. F. Miller, 
 
 Wm. Clark, 
 
 Moses Perkins, 
 
 C. J. Norbury, 
 
 B. W. Schneider, 
 
 Hy. Pheboe, 
 
 T. Graham, Jr., 
 
 Francis Rice, 
 
 Butler Arnold, 
 
 Lemuel Plasters, 
 
 Aug. Knapp, 
 
 Isaac Plasters, 
 
 Jac. Anderson, 
 
 Dan. Scott, 
 
 J. P. Harvey, 
 
 Hy. McKean, 
 
 Martin F. Higgins, 
 
 Wm. H. Williams, 
 
 John W. Pratt, 
 
 Dudley Green, 
 
 Ralph Morgan, 
 
 John Bull, 
 
 Thos. Wilbourne, 
 
 J. P. Crow, 
 
 Lewis Stoner, 
 
 Hy. Braker, 
 
 Austin Shittenden, 
 
 Thos. Beard, 
 
 0. Long, 
 
 G. W. Clark, 
 
 J. Arnold, 
 
 John SchaeflFer, 
 
 John Cushman, 
 
 N. B. Thompson, 
 
 T. U. Webb, 
 
 J. S. Wilbourne, 
 
 A. Batoage, 
 
 J. Blackman, 
 
 Wm. Scott, 
 
 Dav. White. 
 
 Poll Book at Richmond Precinct election of 1837. | 
 
 Mat'w Soundsberry, Jr. 
 
 David Pratt, 
 
 John Roberts, 
 
 John Hillis, 
 
 John Fancier, 
 
 John Chesshire, 
 
 Wm. T. Kirk, 
 
 Henry Nichols, 
 
 Thomas Plasters, 
 
 Thos. Lockermand, 
 
 Jacob Bixler, 
 
 Abner Foster, 
 
 Azariah Lewis, 
 
 Obadiah Morgan, 
 
 Peter Dick, 
 
 Levy Dick, 
 
 Horatio Purdy, 
 
 Gary Nance, 
 
 Gibson Carter. 
 
 Jerry W. Davis. 
 
 Wm. Linn, 
 
 
1 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS 
 
 COUNTY. 31 
 
 Enoch Wheelock, 
 
 James B. Conner, 
 
 John Leeper, 
 
 John Wilson, 
 
 Willis Daniels, 
 
 Pleasant Rose, 
 
 Oliver Loge, 
 
 Wm. S. Clemons, 
 
 Geo. Fancier, 
 
 Wm. Lucas, 
 
 Robert Carter, 
 
 James Bonnet, 
 
 Aaron Wright, 
 
 James Wing, 
 
 Cyrus Elmore, 
 
 John Pry or, 
 
 Washington Daniels. 
 
 Thomas Jones, 
 
 Standley Lockerman, 
 
 Ely Cox, 
 
 Henry D. Wilson. 
 
 Henry S. Dutch, 
 
 James Hickey, 
 
 John L. Witty. 
 
 Eobert Nance, 
 
 John Baldin, 
 
 Henry Taylor, 
 
 Wm. Myers, 
 
 Ashley Hickey, 
 
 Alfred Daniels, 
 
 Wm. Myers, 
 
 John B. Witty, 
 
 Marcus Cooper, 
 
 Amos Dick, 
 
 Calvin Wilson, 
 
 John B. Thompson, 
 
 Henry Dick, 
 
 Charles Scaggs, 
 
 Eaton Xance, 
 
 Jonathan N. Loge, 
 
 Wm. P. Morgan, 
 
 James Hathorn, 
 
 John Hathorn, 
 
 Riley Claxton, 
 
 John Pratt, 
 
 Colman Gaines, 
 
 Zechariah Hash, 
 
 H. W. Libbeon, 
 
 John Davis, 
 
 John Cook, 
 
 Sylvester Sutton, 
 
 Daniel Robinson, 
 
 Clinton Wilson, 
 
 Robert G. Gaines. 
 
 John Lucas, 
 
 Henry McHenry, 
 
 Amos Bonney. 
 
 Robert Leeper, 
 
 John Johnson, 
 
 James Roles, 
 
 John Taylor, 
 
 Mathew Loundsberry 
 
 , Cyrus Wright, 
 
 Eobert B. Taylor, 
 
 Frederick McDonald. 
 
 
 Election at the house of .John De Weber 
 
 , in the Virginia Precinct, 
 
 in the Count}- of Cass 
 
 , Illinois, August 7, 
 
 1837. This certificate is 
 
 added : " The county not being organized. 
 
 and, of course, no Justice 
 
 of Peace or appointed 
 
 Judge, Mr. Wm. Clark administered the oath 
 
 to the other acting judges, and Mr. James 
 
 Daniel administered it to 
 
 him and to the clerks. 
 
 Subscribed b}- us, 
 
 " WM. M. CLARK, 
 JAMES DANIEL." 
 
 Louis Thornsberry, 
 
 John Daniel. 
 
 Geo. Cunningham. 
 
 Wm. Paton. 
 
 Wm. B. Kirk. 
 
 Michael Reed. 
 
 Wm. Graves, 
 
 Jeremiah Northern. 
 
 Green H. Paschal, 
 
 Levi Springer, 
 
 Jos. McDaniel. 
 
 Onslow Watson, 
 
 P. S. Oulten, 
 
 Felix Cameron, 
 
 John McDonald, 
 
 John Slack. 
 
 Robt. Davison. 
 
 Joel Home. 
 
 Ezra Dutch, 
 
 H. Osborne, 
 
 Chas. Brady, 
 
 Young Phelps, 
 
 Benedict Cameron, 
 
 Wm. Daniels, 
 
 John Craig, 
 
 Anderson Phelps, 
 
 W. P. Johnstone. 
 
 L. B. Ross. 
 
 Zeb. Wood, 
 
 W. P. Finch, 
 
 Thos. Plaster, Sr.. 
 
 Jesse Spicer, 
 
 John Carpenter. 
 
 Benj. Corby. 
 
 Wm. Craig, 
 
 Thos. Lee. 
 
 John Glover. 
 
 Jas. Bland, 
 
 Thos. G. Howard. 
 
 P. Underwood. Jr., 
 
 L. Carpenter, 
 
 Joshua Price. , 
 
 - Perry G. Price. 
 
 John Clark. 
 
 Green Garner, 
 
 Thos. J. Joy. 
 
 L. Clark, 
 
 Aaron Bonny, 
 
 
32 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Amos L. Bonny, 
 Ephraim Moseley, 
 Jas. Eoss, Sr., 
 T. S. Berry, 
 A. Bowen. 
 John Long, 
 Evan Warren, 
 John Cunningham, 
 Jas. Holland. 
 Wm. Fields, 
 Alex. Bain. 
 Jas. Garner, 
 John Biddies. 
 Phillip Cochrane, 
 H. H. Hall, 
 A. Elder, 
 A. S. West. 
 Wm. M. Clark, 
 Wm. Blaiu. 
 
 Titus Phelps, 
 Jas. Williams, 
 Henry Hopkins, 
 Thos. Boicourt, 
 John Eobinson, 
 George Shaw, 
 J. M. Ross, 
 Pleas. Scott, 
 Jas. Biddle. 
 J. T. Powell. 
 John De Weber, 
 Reddick Horn. 
 Archibald Job. 
 George Beggs, 
 B. Stribling, 
 Chas. P. Anderson. 
 S. Steveson, 
 Jas. Daniels, 
 
 CANDIDATES 
 
 James B. Davis, 
 John Redman, 
 Elias Matthew, 
 Thos. Finn, 
 Daniel Cauby, 
 L. B. Freeman, 
 J. M. McLean, 
 
 B. A. Blantin, 
 Jos. Jump, 
 
 C. H. Oliver, 
 Alex. Huffman, 
 Jonas McDonald, 
 John Peirce, 
 John Biddlecome, 
 Jas. Berry, 
 
 M. O'Brien, 
 Isaiah Paschal. 
 M. H. Biddies, 
 
 Probate Justice. 
 
 J. S. Wilbourne 11 Wm. Scott 26 Jas. Berry 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Lemon Plaster 81 M. F. Higgins 15 J. B. Bueb 
 
 Becorder. 
 
 N. B. Thompson 30 Thos. Graham 1 Dr. 0. M. Long 
 
 Alfred Elder 64 
 
 County Commissioners' Treasurer. 
 
 Thos. Wilbourn 14 J. C. Spense 84 
 
 County Commissioners'' Clerk. 
 
 J. M. Pratt 52 R. G. Gains 49 
 
 County Commissioners. 
 
 Amos Bonney 60 G.F.Miller 16 H. McKeau.... 
 
 Benj. Stribling 95 Henry McHenry 7 
 
 County Surveyor. 
 
 Wm. Holmes 86 Wm. Clark 19 
 
 Coroner. 
 C. Rew 27 J. Anderson .... None. Halsey Smith. . . 
 
 .65 
 .70 
 
 . 7 
 
 ,30 
 
 75 
 
 The election was held on the first day of August, 1837, and the 
 following named officers were elected : Joshua P. Crow, Amos 
 Bonney and George F. Miller, count}' commissioners ; John S. 
 Wilbourne, probate justice of the peace/ John W. Pratt, clerk of 
 county commissioners' court ; N. B. Thompson, clerk of the circuit 
 court ; Lemon Plaster, sheriff'. These men were sworn iuto office by 
 Thomas Pogue, a Beards town magistrate. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 33 
 
 On the 14th da}' of August, the county commissioners met and 
 organized Cass County. At this first meeting of the Board, the new 
 count}' was divided into six precincts, which were named : Beards- 
 town, Monroe, Virginia, Sugar Grove, Richmond and Bowens. 
 
 Wlien this county was organized there was not a house, built 
 exclusively for religious worship, in it, and not one in all Morgan 
 County outside of Jacksonville. Physicians were scarce, and fever 
 and ague quite common. Game was plenty, some of which was very 
 disagreeable, particularly wolves, and an occasional panther. The 
 wolves very seldom did violence to human beings ; but when the 
 weather was cold and stormy, and the ground frozen, they were so 
 bold and threatening, that nobody cared to risk himself out alone at 
 night. The only instance of violence to a man within my recollection, 
 was the case of Esquire Daniel Troy, living near Bethel, who was 
 walking home one night from town, carrying a quarter of beef on his 
 shoulder. He was attacked by a gang of wolves, the beef taken 
 away from him, and he very roughly handled. 
 
 There were a few large gray wolves also, that were very much 
 feared. One cold, bright, moon-shiny night, I heard an uncommon 
 fuss with my dogs, and opened my cabin door. A favorite little 
 black dog immediately pounced into the house, and the largest gray 
 wolf I ever saw, which was after him, tried to follow. The door was 
 open, and I had no time to get my rifle. The only weapon at hand 
 was a stick of fire wood, but with this I did good execution, and 
 Mr. Wolf had to beat a retreat. So severely had I beaten him, that 
 he immediately left our premises. I afterwards heard a fuss among 
 the dogs at a neighbor's, Armstrong Cooper's house, and then the 
 crack of a rifle, and in a short time I heard the dogs and another 
 rifle at Mr. Lamb's house, and then all was still. I found next 
 morning that these shots of Cooper and Lamb had killed him. He 
 was a monster, and measured nine feet and nine inches, from his nose 
 to the end of his tail. 
 
 At that time, there was very little litigation among the country 
 people, and personal altercations were usually settled by a resort to 
 blows. 
 
 It was in the winter of 1836-37, I believe, although I would defer 
 my recollection to others, if they think I am mistaken, that we had 
 what we called the "sudden change" in the weather, the most 
 remarkable one I ever saw, heard of, or read of. On Saturday 
 morning, there was snow on the ground. The following Sunday was 
 a very warm day, and Monday, until about one o'clock p.m., w£w 
 
 3 
 
34 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Still warmer, and on both clays there was considerable rain. The 
 snow had melted into slush and water, which was standing in ponds 
 on the level ground, and roaring down declivities. At that hour, the 
 weather turned suddenly very cold . In one hour after the change began 
 the slush and water was frozen solid ; and in two hours from that 
 time, men were hurriedly crossing the river on the ice. A vast 
 amount of cattle, fowls and game, and man}' persons, were frozen to 
 death. I heard of one man, who was crossing a prairie, on horse- 
 back, who had killed his horse and taken the entrails out of him and 
 then crawled inside of him for protection, was found there frozen 
 to death. I don't know how the thermometer stood, for we had 
 none. 
 
 On Monday, during this sudden change. Dr. Chandler was 
 returning home from a professional trip up the bottom. His overcoat 
 was covered with slush and mud, and in a few minutes after the 
 change began his coat was frozen stiff, and he felt that he was in 
 danger of being frozen. He stopped at the store of Heniy T. & 
 Abner Foster, at Richmond, on the land since owned by John P. Dick, 
 where he was warmed up and thawed out. He then mounted his 
 horse and started on a gallop for home, about six miles distant, but 
 soon found himself freezing again. He stopped at another house, and 
 warmed, and started again, with like results. He thus was forced to 
 stop at four different houses, between Foster's store and his house, to 
 prevent freezing to death. When he arrived within sight of his own 
 house his horse fell down, and left him helpless on the ice, and his 
 family dragged him, in a helpless condition, into the house. 
 
 At the special session of the Legislature in the summer of 1837, 
 was passed a preamble and statute to the following effect : 
 
 " Whereas, at an election held in the county of Morgan, according 
 to the provisions of ' An act for the formation of the county of 
 Cass,' it appeared that a majority of the voters of said county voted 
 for the creation of said county ; and, whereas, at an election for the 
 county seat of said county, Beardstown received the highest number 
 of votes for the county seat, and whereas some doubts have been 
 expressed as to the legality of the proceedings of said elections, 
 now, therefore, to remove all doubts on that subject : 
 
 " Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois 
 represented in the General Assembly, That the county of Cass, as 
 designated and bounded in the ' Act for the formation of the county 
 of Cass,' approved, March 3d, 1837, be, and the same is hereby 
 declared to be, one of the counties of this State. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 35 
 
 "Sec. 2. The county seat shall be located at the cit}- of Beards- 
 town, in said county ; Provided, hoivever, That the provision of the 
 act, above referred to, shall be complied with by the citizens, or 
 corporation of Beardstown, in relation to the raising the sum of ten 
 thousand dollars, to defray the expenses of erecting public buildings 
 for said county. 
 
 " Sec. 3. The corporation of Beardstown shall be allowed the 
 period of one, two, and three years, for the payment of ten thousand 
 dollars, aforesaid, to be calculated from the passage of the law 
 aforesaid, which sum shall be paid in three equal payments. The 
 County Commissioners* Court of said count}' shall make their con- 
 tracts for erecting the public buildings in said county, so as to 
 make their paj'ments thereon when the said installments aforesaid 
 shall become due and payable. 
 
 " Sec. 4. The court house of said county shall be erected on the 
 plat of ground known as the public square, in said town of Beards- 
 town. 
 
 " Sec. 5. Returns of the elections for the county officers of said 
 county, to be elected on the first Monday of August next, shall be 
 made in Beardstown, to O. M. Long and Thomas Poyne, notaries 
 public in Beardstown, who shall open and examine the poll books of 
 said election in the presence of one or more Justices of the Peace 
 in and for said count}- ; and said notaries public, after due inspection 
 and examination of the poll books, according to the laws of this 
 State, shall make out certificates of election of those persons who 
 have received the highest number of votes, which certificates shall 
 be such as those required to be made by the clerks of the Count}- 
 Commissioners' Court, and shall receive and be entitled to the same 
 effect in law." 
 
 This statute also provides hoiu the school fund of Morgan County 
 shall be divided with Cass County. 
 
 At the session of 1839, on the 2d day of March, the Legislature 
 made this preamble and statute : 
 
 " Whereas it was provided, by the act for the formation of the 
 county of Cass, that, in case the county seat of said county should 
 be located at Beardstown, the corporation or inhabitants should, 
 within one year after the location, pay into the county treasury the 
 sum of ten thousand dollars, to be applied to the erection of public 
 buildings ; and whereas, by the act passed 21st of July, 1837, in 
 relation to said county, further time was allowed said corporation to 
 make said payment, the said corporation having failed to pay the 
 
36 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 said ten thousand dollars, and not having complied with, or agreed 
 to compl}' with the provisions of the last recited act, the County 
 Commissioners of said count}', under the provisions of the first 
 recited act, located the county seat at Virginia, and contracted for 
 the erection of a court house and jail in said county ; and doubts 
 being entertained as to the true construction of the act last recited in 
 relation to the rights of said corporation, and the duties of the 
 County Commissioners, therefore : 
 
 " Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois 
 represented in the General Assembly, That the county seat of Cass 
 County shall be and remain at Virginia, and the courts of said 
 count}^ shall hereafter be held at that place ; and the several county 
 officers, who are required to keep their offices at the county seat, are 
 required to remove their respective offices, and all bonds, documents, 
 books and papers pertaining to the same, to Virginia, on or before 
 the first da^' of May next, and thereafter hold and keep their 
 respective offices at that place ; and in case one or more of said 
 officers shall fail, or refuse to comply with the provisions of this act, 
 such officer shall forfeit his office." 
 
 In the 3-ears 1838 and 1839, was built, as I believe, the first rail- 
 road west of the Alleghan}' Mountains, running from Meredosia to 
 Springfield. I particularly recollect this great enterprise, for two 
 reasons : first, I took a trip in 1838 from Meredosia to Jacksonville, 
 on the first passenger train that ever ran on that road ; and second, 
 because it was built by the State, and was a part of that great 
 internal improvement policy, which bankrupted and disgraced the 
 State, and spread misery among the people. Of all the hard times 
 that the people of Cass County, and indeed of the whole State, have 
 ever seen, these were the hardest. 
 
 This was caused by the passage of a bill in the Legislature, 
 providing for a general system of internal improvements by the 
 construction of nearly 1,300 miles of railroad, and the improvement 
 of various rivers. These improvements never paid the interest on 
 the money the}' cost, and in 1840, after a short but eventful life of 
 three 3-ears, fell the most stupendous, extravagant, and almost ruinous 
 folly of a grand sj'stem of internal improvements that any civilized 
 community, perhaps, ever engaged in, leaving a State debt of 
 $14,237,348.00, and a population of less than half a million to pa}- it. 
 For this the people could not blame the Legislature, or the politicians, 
 for the people themselves had demanded and clamored for it, and the 
 Legislature only obeyed their behest in granting it. At the same 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 37 
 
 time, the State banks suspended, and left us with a depreciated 
 currency. Tlie State Bank of Shawneetown collapsed with a circu- 
 lation of $1,700,000, and the State Bank with 63,006,000. The 
 people were left destitute of an adequate circulating medium, and 
 were not supplied until the ordinaiT process of their limited commerce 
 brought in gold and silver and bills of solvent banks from the other 
 States, which was very slow. Even immigration was stopped, owing 
 to the general financial embarrassment, high taxes, and disgraceful 
 condition of the State. When money was abundant, credit had been 
 extended to every body. With the vast system of internal improve- 
 ments, and the large circulation of the banks, this was the condition 
 of our people. The}- were largely in debt on account of speculations, 
 which proved to be delusions. Contracts matured, but nobodj' 
 paid. The State had sold and hypothecated her bonds until its credit 
 was exhausted. Then no further effort was made to pay even the 
 interest on the State debt. Then the State bonds went down, down, 
 un tilth ey were worth but fourteen cents on the dollar. The people 
 were unable and unwilling to pay higher taxes, and what might almost 
 be called a general bankruptcy ensued. The people owed the 
 merchants ; the mei'chants owed the banks, and for goods purchased 
 abroad ; while the banks, having suspended specie payment, owed 
 every one who carried one of their rags in his pocket. None could 
 pay in par funds, for there were none to be had. In this dilemma 
 the Legislature tried to come to the relief of the people, but instead 
 of relieving them from their wretched condition by summary legis- 
 lation, they, as such bodies usually do, in like circumstances, only 
 made matters worse. Among other statutes passed with this generous 
 object, was one that I have no doubt many of my hearers will 
 recollect, which was known among the people as the stay laic, or 
 two-thirds laio. It serves to illustrate both the hard times and the 
 inconsiderate and unjust legislation of that day, although done with 
 the intention of atfording relief to the debtor class, without apparently 
 thinking that it was at the expense of the creditor. This law provided 
 that property levied upon by execution should be valued as in 
 " ordinary times ;" the valuation to be made by three householders 
 summoned by the officer holding the writ, of whom the debtor, 
 creditor, and officer should each choose one. thus placing it in the 
 power of the officer to favor either partj- at his option ; the property 
 was not to be sold unless it brought two-thirds of its valuation ; no 
 waj- was provided by which the creditor, if two-thirds of its valuation 
 was not bid, could hold his lien ; thus forcing him to stay collection 
 
38 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 or suffer discount of 33^ per cent. This law was made applicable to 
 all judgments rendered and contracts accruing prior to the 1st of 
 May, 1841, without reference to the legal obligations of the time 
 when contracts were entered into ; being in violation of that clause 
 of the constitution of the United States, declaring that " no law shall 
 be passed impairing the obligation of contracts." In the case of 
 McCracken vs. Hoivard, 2d Howard, 608, the Supreme Court of the 
 United States subsequently held this law to be unconstitutional. 
 But, in the mean time, the law had performed its mission, and had 
 rendered the collection of debts almost impossible. The condition 
 of our people was truly distressing. There was an utter dearth and 
 stagnation of business. Abroad, the name of the State was 
 associated with dishonor. There were no immigrants but those who 
 had nothing to lose ; while people here, with rare exceptions, were 
 anxious to sell out and flee a country presenting no alternative than 
 exorbitant taxation or disgrace. But property would not sell, nor 
 was there an}' money to buy with. Indeed, money, as a means of 
 exchange, became almost unknown. Payment was taken in trade, 
 store pay, etc. Merchants and other dealers issued warrants or due 
 bills, which passed for so much on the dollar in trade. Even the 
 County Commissioners' Court of Cass County came to the relief of 
 the people, and had a plate engraved, and issued vast quantities of 
 county warrants, or orders, in the similitude of one dollar bank bills. 
 But these county orders, and others like them, were made invalid by 
 an Act of the Legislature passed in the interest of the banks ; so 
 that even this charitable act on the part of our Count}' Com- 
 missioners to relieve the local scarcity of money failed in its office. 
 
 At this time money was so scarce that it was with great difficult}' 
 that farmers, owning good farms, could get the money to pay their 
 postage. It was not necessary' then to prepay postage. Domestic 
 letters cost from five to twenty-five cents apiece, according to the 
 distance the}' had come ; and foreign letters were still higher. 
 
 What was worse, they must all be paid for in silver, and it 
 often occurred that a letter would lay in the office for weeks before 
 its owner could get the silver to redeem it. If the farmers wished to 
 get goods from the store, they were forced to buy on credit, and pay 
 in grain or other produce, or take butter, eggs, poultry, game, honey, 
 wood, or other articles, to exchange for store goods. 
 
 Produce continually fluctuated in price, even in store pay. I 
 have seen corn sell at six cents often, and have heard farmers remark 
 that ten cents in cash was all that corn ought to and probably ever 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTT. 
 
 39 
 
 would bring, and that farmers could get rich at that price. I have 
 sold wheat in Beardstown at 35 cents per bushel, and pork often at 
 1| cents per pound. 
 
 One of the first acts of the County Commissioners' Court after 
 the organization of this county, was to arrange for raising a revenue, 
 and they passed an order that the following kinds of property be 
 taxed at the rate of one-half per cent. : Town lots, " indentured 
 or registered negro or mulatto servants " (for this had not ceased 
 to be a slave State at that time), pleasure carriages, stocks in trade, 
 horses, mules, " and all neat cattle over and under three years old," 
 hogs, sheep, wagons and carts. 
 
 A public notice was given to " all persons trading in Cass 
 County " to procure a license according to law. Under this notice, 
 at the September Term, 1837, Spence & Foster, T. & J.T. Wilbourn, 
 and Parrot & Alcott, got a license to sell goods, wares, and merchan- 
 dise in Beardstown ; and Beaslej' & Schafer, a similar license at 
 Monroe ; and all such licenses were fixed at five dollars each. Tavern 
 licenses were granted at seven dollars each. At the same term, a 
 license to keep a ferry-boat, for one year, at Beardstown, was granted 
 to Thomas Beard for twenty-two dollars. 
 
 The first county order drawn on the treasurer, was for twenty-two 
 dollars and fifty cents, in favor of N. B. Thompson, for the books of 
 the Count}^ Commissioners' Court. The second was in favor of N. 
 B. Thompson, for thirty dollars, and was for three county seals, in 
 full, September 6, 1837. 
 
 The first term of the Circuit Court of Cass County was held in 
 Beardstown, November 13, 1837, in a one-story frame building stand- 
 ing at the corner of Main and State streets, where Seeger's hall now 
 stands. Present : the Hon. Jesse B. Thomas, jr., judge of the First 
 Judicial Circuit ; Lemon Plaster, sheriff ; and there being no Circuit 
 Clerk elect, N. B. Thompson was appointed clerk by the judge. 
 
 The grand juiy at that time consisted of Thomas Wilbourn, fore- 
 man, Isaac Spence, Augustus Knapp, James H. Blackman, Alexan- 
 der Huffman, Robert Gaines, Richard Graves, William Shoopman, 
 Benjamin Stribling, John Daniels, Phineas Underwood, Ephraim 
 Moseley, John Robinson, Elijah Carver, John P. Dick, William Mc- 
 Auley, Marcus Chandler, Henry S. Ingalls, Jeremiah Bowen, Amos 
 Hager, and Jeremiah Northern. 
 
 There was no petit jury at this term, but talismen were drawn as 
 they were wanted. 
 
40 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 At the May term, 1838, Nathan alias Nathaniel Graves was in- 
 dicted for the murder of an eastern man named Fovvle, which murder 
 took place at what was known as Miller McLane's grocer}', kept in a 
 log house which stood on the present site of Philadelphia. Fowle 
 and Alec Beard were sitting down on a log outside the grocery, 
 talking in a friendly manner. There was quite a number of persons 
 around. Graves and Richard McDonald came riding up on horseback 
 from different directions about the same time. Graves dismounted, 
 leading his horse toward Fowle, drew a pistol and shot and killed 
 him. He was so near Fowle that the fire burned his clothes. The 
 men standing around were so surprised that they stood still while 
 Graves mounted his horse and started to ride away. At this time 
 McDonald cried out, "Men, why don't you arrest him?" and rode 
 after him. When Graves saw that McDonald was about to catch 
 him, he drew a knife and turned around. McDonald caught him by 
 the throat and choked him till he surrendered, but was himself badh", 
 almost fatally, wounded in the struggle. Graves took a change of 
 venue to Green County, where, breaking jail, he escaped to Ken- 
 tucky, where he died a natural death. 
 
 In 1839, the town of Arenzville was founded b}' Francis Arenz. 
 
 Thus matters stood from 1837 to 1843, during which time there 
 grew a feeling of dissatisfaction among the people of the southern 
 half of the townships seventeen and other parts of Morgan County, 
 with Jacksonville ; and there was such effort made to dissever their 
 relations, that two statutes were passed b}- the Legislature in the 
 session of 1843, which provided for the accomplishment of three 
 objects : one of which was that a vote be taken whether Morgan 
 County should be divided into two counties, one of which was to 
 remain b}' the name of Morgan County, and the other by the name 
 of Benton ; second, that the tier of half townships, known as seven- 
 teen, or the " three-mile strip," on the north side of Morgan Count}', 
 be added to Cass Count}- ; and third, that Cass County should vote 
 for the selection of a permanent county seat. The election on the 
 first proposition was held in Morgan County on the first Monday in 
 August, 1843, and resulted unfavorably to the creation of the county 
 of Benton. The proposition to annex the '' three-mile strip," in the 
 four different precincts in that strip of territory, stood as follows : 
 
 For attaching to Cass. Against attaching. 
 
 Arenzville 115 5 
 
 At the house of Henry Price 70 14 
 
 Princeton .' 41 35 
 
 At the house of William Berry 20 24 
 
 Majority for attaching the " three-mile strip" to Cass, 168. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 41 
 
 On the first Monda}' in September, 1843, there was an election 
 held in Cass County, in which the "three-mile strip" took part, to 
 determine the permanent location of the county seat, at which election 
 the vote stood as follows : 
 
 Precincts. For Beardstown. For Virginia. 
 
 Vh-ginia 2 234 
 
 Richmond 21 34 
 
 Monroe 17 7 
 
 Beardstown 413 13 
 
 Majorit}' for Beardstown, 165. 
 
 The County Seat was removed to Beardstown, and on the eighth 
 day of February, 1845, the town of Beardstown presented the Count}- 
 Commissioners' Court with lot one, in block thirty-one, in that town, 
 with the Court House and Jail thereon completed. On the sixth of 
 March, 1846, Reddick Horn sold his farm, consisting of 134 acres, 
 in sections twenty-eight and twentj'-nine. in township eighteen, range 
 eleven, to the County of Cass, for a " home for the poor of the 
 county," for $1,500. 
 
 By the breaking out of the Mormon war, in 184 5, Beardstown 
 again became the rendezvous for the State forces called out to coerce 
 into obedience to our State laws that peculiar people. The troops 
 were under the command of Brigadier-General John J. Hardin, of 
 Jacksonville, Illinois. 
 
 The town of Chandlerville was begun in 1848. by Dr. Charles 
 Chandler. 
 
 From 1850 to 1852, Cass County was infested b}* horse thieves, 
 who resided in the count}', some half dozen of which were arrested 
 in the latter 3'ear, and brought before a magistrate for examination. 
 One of the number was a large, powerful, good-looking young 
 Hungarian, named Eugene Honorius. I was prosecuting the case, 
 and felt satisfied from what I could learn, that he had no heart in that 
 nefarious business, but was induced to sta}' with the gang out of 
 love for the sister of one of them. Not having sufficient testimon}', 
 I pressed him into the service as witness, and by a rigid examination, 
 extorted all the necessarj- facts from him sufficient to hold the rest of 
 the gang, who were committed to jail. 
 
 Before the sitting of the Circuit Court, however, they all broke 
 jail, and fied to Kansas : from whence the girl to whom Honorius 
 was attached, wrote back to a friend the statement : That by an 
 arrangement with the gang, after they had escaped from jail, one 
 Sunday she asked the Hungarian to go to a relis^ious meeting with 
 
42 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 her, down on Indian Creek. That they started down on horseback, 
 but that she deco^'ed him awa}' down on Hog Island, where they met 
 the gang, who shot and killed him in revenge for his having ^'•peacliecV' 
 on them ; and that if the prosecutors wanted to use him for a witness 
 again they could find him at a certain place on Hog Island, and 
 designated it. 
 
 Upon being informed of this, John Craig and I rode down there, 
 and at the place designated in the girl's letter, we found the bones of 
 a man, evidently about the large size of Honorius, but so much torn 
 to pieces and broken by animals, that we could find but three whole 
 bones, the two thighs and the jaw bone, which I have 3'et in my 
 possession. The peipetrators were never retaken, but the county was 
 not troubled with horse-thieves for a long time afterwards. 
 
 B}"- virtue of the State Constitution of 1848, a statute was passed 
 by the legislature of 1849, abolishing the County Commissioners' 
 Court, and the office of Probate Justice of the Peace, and creating 
 instead the County Court, consisting of one judge and two 
 associate justices of the peace. 
 
 The first court elected under the new law was : James Shaw, judge ; 
 Wm. Taylor and Thomas Plaster, associates. 
 
 At the same session an act was passed authorizing counties to 
 adopt township organization, if a majority of the citizens should 
 favor it. An effort was made at that time, and several others by a 
 vote of the people have been made since, but have failed ; the people 
 in every instance preferring to remain under the old form of organi- 
 zation. 
 
 In the same year, 1849, Beardstown was incorporated as a city, 
 with the same charter as those of Springfield and Quincy. In this 
 year also occurred the third election for location of the Count}* Seat, 
 which was decided in favor of Beardstown. Another election was 
 had in 1857, and another in 1868, for the same purpose, but the 
 County Seat still remained at Beardstown. Another election was 
 held in 1S72, under the Constitution of 1870, and a new general 
 statute governing re-location of count}' seats. The history of this 
 last election and its results is too fresh in the memory of my hearers 
 to need repeating now. 
 
 The first census taken after Cass Count}- was formed, was in 1840 ; 
 it then had a total population of 2,981. In 1850, it had 7,253 ; in 
 1860, 11,325; in 1870, 11,580. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 43 
 
 The principal officers of Cass County since its formation, are as 
 follows : 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Joshua P. Crow ^ 
 
 Amos Bonney ^Elected August 7, 1837. 
 
 George F. Miller J 
 
 Joshua P. Crow. 
 
 Amos Bonney. 
 
 Isaac C. Spence Elected August 6, 1838. 
 
 Amos Bonney. 
 
 John C. Scott Elected August 3, 1840, for 3 years. 
 
 Marcus Chandler " •' "2 "" 
 
 John C. Scott. 
 
 Marcus Chandler. 
 
 W. J. DeHaven Elected August, 1841. 
 
 John C. Scott. 
 
 W. J. DeHaven. 
 
 Robert Leeper Elected August, 1842. 
 
 John C. Scott. 
 
 W. J. DeHaven. 
 
 Henry McHenry Elected December 26, 1842. 
 
 W. J. DeHaven. 
 
 Henry McHenry. 
 
 Jesse B. Pence Elected August 7, 1843. 
 
 Henry McHenry. 
 
 J. B. Pence. 
 
 George B. Thompson Elected August, 1844. 
 
 J. B. Pence. 
 
 George B. Thompson. 
 
 William McHenry Elected 1st Monday of August, 1S45. 
 
 J. B. Thompson. 
 
 William McHenry. 
 
 Henry McHenry Elected 1st Monday of August, 1846. 
 
 William McHenry. 
 
 Henry McHenry. 
 
 George H. Nolte Elected 1st Monday of August, 1847. 
 
 Henry McHenry. 
 George H. Nolte. 
 George W. Weaver Elected 1st Monday of August, 1848. 
 
 James Shaw, Judge ^ 
 
 William Taylor, Associate • 
 Thomas Plaster, Associate. 
 
 William Taylor, Associate . . . [>Elected November 6, 1849. 
 
44 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTT. 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. CASS COXJiiTY—Cotltinued. 
 
 James Shaw, Judge. 
 
 Thomas Plaster. Associate. 
 
 Jacob Ward, Associate Elected May 19, 1851. 
 
 John A. Areiiz. Judge ^ 
 
 Isaac Epler. Associate ;>Elected November, 1853. 
 
 Sylvester Paddock J 
 
 John A. Arenz. Judge. 
 
 Sylvester Paddock. Associate. 
 
 James M. Short, Associate Elected Xovember. 1854. 
 
 H. C. Havekluft, Judge -^ 
 
 Wm. McHenry, Associate. . .. )>Elected November. 1857. 
 G. "VV. Shawen, Associate J 
 
 F. H. Rearick, Judge Elected November. 1861. 
 
 Wm. McHenry, Associate. 
 
 G. W. Shawen, Associate. 
 
 John A. Arenz, Judge ^ 
 
 Jennings G. Mathis, Associate |>Elected November, 1865. 
 Samuel Smith, Associate J 
 
 Alexander Huffman, Judge.. •\ 
 
 Andrew Struble, Associate. .. ^Elected November, 1869. 
 
 Jepthah Plaster, Associate. .. ) 
 
 F. H. Rearick. Judge Elected February 24. 187'2. 
 
 Andrew Struble, Associate. 
 Jepthah Plaster, Associate. 
 
 John W. Savage, Judge Elected November. 187.S. 
 
 William Campbell ^ 
 
 John H. Melone y Commissioners. Elected Nov.. 1873. 
 
 Robert Fielden J 
 
 William Campbell. 
 
 John M. Melone. 
 
 Luke Dunn Elected November. 1875. 
 
 PROBATE JUSTICES— 1837 TO 1849. 
 
 John P. Wilbourne Elected August 7. 1837, 
 
 Joshua P. Crow 
 
 Alexander Huffmann 
 
 H. E. Dummer 
 
 Hulett Clark 
 
 H. E. Dummer 
 
 
 1839. 
 
 u u 
 
 1842. 
 
 (( (I 
 
 1843. 
 
 c. 
 
 1847. 
 
 " Mav 13, 
 
 1849. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 45 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 Lemon Plasters Elected August 7, 1837. 
 
 John Savage •' " 1841. 
 
 Joseph M. McLean " " 1848. 
 
 J. B. Fulks •' November, 1850. 
 
 William Pitner '• " 1852. 
 
 James Taylor " " 1854. 
 
 James A. Dick " '• 1856. 
 
 Francis H. Rearick " " 1858. 
 
 James Taylor •' " 1860. 
 
 Charles E. Yeck " " 1862. 
 
 James A. Dick '• " 1864. 
 
 Charles E. Yeck " " 1866. 
 
 Thomas Chapman " " 1868. 
 
 Horace Cowan " '• 1870. 
 
 George Volkmar " '• 1872. 
 
 William Epler " " 1874. 
 
 I have now extended this address far beyond the limits which cus- 
 tom has assigned to Fourth of July orations, and must soon close. 
 It has been usual on our national birth-day for the orator to take a 
 surve}^ of our past historj-, and awake the enthusiasm of his hearers 
 by referring to the dark and bloody days of the revolution of 1776. So 
 often have our hearts expanded at the relation of the glorious deeds of 
 our fathers east of the Appalachian chain, that I fear we have allowed 
 ourselves to forget the brilliant exploits of George Rogers Clark and his 
 daring followers, who made the most extraordinary mai'ch and impor- 
 tant conquest of the war, and who, just ninety-eight 3'ears ago to-da}', 
 planted the American flag upon the battlements of Kaskaskia, and 
 declared the Illinois country free from Great Britain. We have also 
 allowed ourselves to think too little of that band of patriots, the 
 pioneers of the great Mississippi Valley. It was that we, their pos- 
 terity, might enjo}^ the blessings which now surround us, that they 
 left their comfortable homes in the far East and South, and settled 
 the wild prairies and woodlands of Illinois, and caused them to 
 blossom with the rose and flow with milk and honey. And perhaps, 
 too, in our enthusiasm for the heroes of the last century, those for 
 whom and in whose memory Independence Day as a national feast- 
 day was originall}' inaugurated, we have, through custom, neglected 
 to pay a passing tribute to the heroes of later times. This ought 
 not to be. Our own eyes have witnessed our country in the throes of 
 a revolution, far greater, far grander, more fearful, more terrible, 
 than that of 1776, which we are more particularly called upon to 
 celebrate to-day. 
 
46 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Fifteen years ago, a cloud, deep and dark and impenetrable, 
 settled down upon our beloved country. It was that cloud that had 
 been feared b}' Webster, and Jackson, and Clay, and a host of their 
 compatriots. No statesman was wise enough to see through the 
 gloom. But the country, in its agony, called upon its citizen-soldiery 
 for protection ; and the call was not in vain. From every village 
 and hamlet ; yea, from almost ever}* farm-house in Cass Count}-, men 
 sprang to the rescue, as lions do when their young is threatened with 
 danger. 
 
 Upon every field between the Ohio and the Gulf, and from where 
 the Blue Ridge steps his feet upon the savannas of the South, away 
 westward to where the Arkansas grasps the prairies of the West in 
 his water}' fingers, the heroes of Cass Count}' have borne aloft the 
 Stars and Stripes ; and mafty of them are now at rest, the long 
 southern grass waving upon the level surface above them, and the 
 head-boards which were placed over them by their departing comrades 
 have long since mingled with the dust. 
 
 But the time will come — it must come, fellow-citizens — when the 
 history of Cass County will not be compressed into a Fourth of July 
 oration, but will be enlarged into the dignity of a volume, and on its 
 pages will be transcribed the name of every man who sacrificed him- 
 self for the good of his country, whether he fell upon the bloody 
 field, or languished in the dreary hospital, or, with his honored scars 
 upon him, has lived to mingle in the avocations of civil life. 
 
 I have now told you, in so comparatively short a time, what I can 
 condense of the half century's history of what is now Cass County, 
 four-fifths of which period has passed under my own personal obser- 
 vation. How strange that a man should see the birth and infancy, 
 and live on through the youth to the maturity of a great State ! How 
 passing strange that the pioneer of the prairie and the forest should 
 witness all the mysteries of the building — the substructure and the 
 superstructure ; should with his own hands help, not only to lay the 
 foundation rocks deep in the soil, but also to bear up the pillars of 
 strength, and assist in rearing upon them the dome and pinnacle of 
 an Empire State ! But so it is. In other countries, generations 
 after generations pass away, and witness no perceptible change in 
 their communities ; but here, men have passed their early lives in log 
 cabins, who now rest from their labors in rosewood beds enshrined 
 in marble. 
 
 And what may we learn by to-day's lesson? It is this, if no other : 
 that whatever condition in life circumstances may place us in, to act 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 47 
 
 well our part, and then w« cannot fail to become important factors in 
 the making up of the State in which we live. Nations are but a con- 
 glomerate of communities, and communities of individuals ; and the 
 State looks to eveiy man to do his duty. 
 
 And now, finally, as this is a county festival, the people of which 
 are assembled together to celebrate this, the centennial, anniversar}- 
 of our country's independence, let us ask ourselves this question : 
 Has Cass County, during the half century of its history, done its 
 duty to the State and nation ; its duty to God and the great world of 
 humanity outside of it ; its duty to itself and to the future generations 
 that are to succeed us ? 
 
 And, in response, I believe we can lay our hands upon our hearts, 
 and our consciences will tell us that this county, as a community, 
 has done its duty ; and results show it. There is probably as much 
 of wealth, intelligence and happiness in it, present and prospective, 
 as in any rural district of its size and population in this great 
 valley. The patriotism of its people and the integrity of its magis- 
 tracy stand unimpeached. No duty to the nation nor to humanity 
 has been left unperformed. And the generation now passing away 
 can say to the one just stepping upon the platform : Go and do like- 
 wise, and your reward shall be equal, and we trust even an hundred- 
 fold more aljundant. 
 
 as. maT-s;M mxm^m^i^W)^^ 
 
 The following I have collected from various sources as well as 
 largely from my own observation. 
 
 J. HENEY SHAW. 
 
 1640— Twenty years after the settlement of Pl^-mouth Colony, the 
 Illinois River was first navigated by white men in pirogues and birch 
 canoes, and Illinois was colonized by Frenchmen, and added to the 
 French Dominion. 
 
 ,1673 — Marquette and Joliet with five followers crossed Wisconsin 
 in canoes to the Mississippi River, down that stream and up the 
 
48 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 Illinois to Lake Michigan, the point of their departure, the entire 
 route being at that time, and for a hundred j'ears later, navigable for 
 pirogues and canoes. The route being A'ia Green Bay, and the 
 Wisconsin, Mississippi, Illinois, Kankakee and St. Joseph Rivers. 
 There was another navigable connection, during the whole of that 
 period, between the Illinois and Lake Michigan, by means of the 
 DesPlaines and Chicago Rivers, which men now alive have traveled 
 in pirogues, all the way. 
 
 1670, Dec. — The Illinois, Kankakee and St. Joseph route was 
 navigated by La Salle and thirty-three followers. 
 
 16S1, Aug — Illinois, Kankakee and St. Joseph route again navi- 
 gated by La Salle and party. 
 
 1682 — La Salle and party navigated the waters from Lake 
 Michigan, across Wisconsin, down the Mississippi, up the Illinois, 
 Kankakee and St. Joseph to the Lake. At that time Beardstown 
 was upon an island. The water surrounding it the 3-ear round, per- 
 manently. 
 
 1G87, Sept. — The Illinois, Kankakee and St. Joseph route navi- 
 gated by seven Frenchmen, mutineers and murderers of La Salle, on 
 their wa}" from Arkansas to Lake Michigan. 
 
 1693 — Gravier and his followers settled at Kaskaskia, Cahokia 
 and Peoria, and from this time for fifty years the Illinois was 
 continually navigated by canoes, pirogues, and other small boats. 
 
 1725 — The first of the four greatest floods of the Western rivers. 
 
 1750 — Vivier says that forty vessels from the Illinois River landed 
 at New Orleans, laden with lumber, brick, beef, tallow, cotton, 
 myrtle, wax, leather, tobacco, lead, iron, copper, wild game, tar, 
 skins, furs, pork, bears' oil, flour and other articles of produce. 
 
 From this time on for man}' years, the principal part of the 
 produce received at New Orleans was shipped from the Illinois River. 
 
 1763 — LaClede founded St. Louis, which gave a new impetus to 
 commerce in the Illinois River, it being a nearer market. At this 
 time the Illinois country was ceded by France to Great Britain, which 
 closed the French war. 
 
 1772 — Second great flood. 
 
 1778 — Illinois was conquered and taken from Great Britain b}' 
 Virginia, and was added to that State, and named Illinois Count}'. 
 
 1785 — A great flood on the Illinois and all Western Rivers, the 
 third highest ever known. 
 
 1786 — Another great flood. The Ohio rose fifty-nine feet above 
 low water mark. The stage of water in the Illinois River is not 
 recorded that I can find, but known to be very high. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 49 
 
 1792 — Another great flood. The Ohio-rose sixty-three feet above 
 low water mark. Stage of the Illinois not recorded, but very high. 
 
 1800 — The population of Illinois, on the borders of its rivers, 
 3,000. 
 
 1810 — Great flood in all the Western rivers. The Ohio at Pitts- 
 burg higher than ever before known. Stage of the Illinois not 
 recorded. Steamer "Orleans," the first on the Western rivers, built. 
 
 1811 — On the IGth day of December began the most remarkable 
 phenomena that ever occurred in North America : an eartliquake, the 
 continued shocks of which lasted for the space of three months, a 
 longer period than ever before known ; the effects of which were felt 
 in Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky and Arkansas, the focus 
 of which seemed to be about the mouth of the Ohio. It made great 
 commotion in the rivers the banks of which caved in by whole acres 
 at a time. Large islands disappeared under the waters. The town 
 of New Madrid, Missouri, was destroyed, and the river now runs 
 over part of its former site. The balance of it is lower b}" twenty- 
 five feet than it was before. The bed of the river just below the 
 mouth of the Ohio raised up like a bow and turned up stream, until 
 its pent-up waters with accumulated force swept over the barrier and 
 poured into the craters and fissures of the ground, when they were 
 again thrown out in huge streams higher than the trees. 
 
 The river was navigated at that time by many flat-boats from the 
 Illinois, Upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, some of which were 
 swallowed up in the great chasms of the river. There was much loss 
 of life and property. Fortunately at that time the country was 
 sparsely settled ; for no building could have withstood its fury. 
 
 This calamity checked the commerce of the Illinois River, as 
 indeed also the general prosperity of the Western States. All immi- 
 gration stopped, and the impression became general in the Eastern 
 and Middle States, that Illinois and Missouri were so subject to 
 earthquakes, as to be forever unsafe as a place of habitation. But in 
 a few 3'ears this impression with its attendant fears wore away, and 
 immigration again was resumed. 
 
 There liave ))een but two earthquakes in Illinois since that time, 
 one in 1840 and the other in 18G2 ; both slight shocks; the one in 
 1840, however, doing some little damage to brick buildings and 
 chimne3's. 
 
 1815 — The steamer " Enterprise " built, and run from New Orleans 
 to Louisville, the first steamboat which ever run up stream in the 
 Western rivers. The " Orleans " was able only to rundown stream, and 
 
50 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 had to be cordelled back . Froni 1815, steamboats multiplied very fast, 
 and the pirates, who in large numbers had infested the Western 
 rivers, l)egan to disappear, and finally ceased their depredations 
 altogether. 
 
 1826, June 2 — The Illinois and Mississippi were higher than before 
 known for forty years. The river was up to Main Street, in St. 
 Louis, which caused great destruction of property. 
 
 1827 — Steamer "Mechanic," John S. Clark, captain, first steam- 
 boat ever up the Illinois River. 
 
 1828 — Another great flood, supposed to be as great as that of 
 1792. 
 
 1829 — Beardstown was founded by Thomas Beard. 
 
 1830-31 — The great snow, six feet deep. 
 
 1836 — The Illinois and Mississippi again flooded. The water at 
 St. Louis was fiftj'-four feet above low water mark, being nine feet 
 ten inches higher than in 1810. 
 
 1837 — Steamer "Wave" burned near Peru. One man lost, a 
 passenger, who was drowned. 
 
 1844 — This was the greatest flood on record in this or any other 
 country, since the days of Noah. Every river west of tlie Alle- 
 ghanies and north of the Gulf of Mexico rose simultaneously, and 
 the channel of the Mississippi was unable to pass out the vast amount 
 of water which came into it. Four hundred human beings, and a 
 great number of horses, cattle and other stock lost their lives. 
 
 The water was one foot deep on Main Street, in Beardstown, and 
 this city again became an island, with ten feet depth of water between 
 it and the bluffs. Tlie water rose to a level with the second story 
 windows on Front Street, St. Louis. A great many towns were 
 inundated and houses washed away. 
 
 The four greatest floods on the Mississippi River and its tri- 
 butaries, witliin the last 150 years, are those of 1725, 1772, 1785 and 
 1844. 
 
 1848 — "Planter" exploded and burned at Jones' Ferry on the 
 Illinois River. Five persons were killed and many scalded, some of 
 whom afterward died. The captain escaped harm, but was shortl}' 
 afterward killed by the explosion of the " Saluda," on the Missouri 
 River. 
 
 1849 — Another flood this year. Tlie water was on a level with 
 Main Street, in Beardstown, and again it became an island. The 
 people on the lower Mississippi sulfercd more than in 1814, on 
 account of crevasses, their losses amounting to ^60,000,000. The 
 
UISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 51 
 
 water was ten feet deep in some of the streets of New Orleans. At 
 this time, and for several years afterward, steamboating on the Illi- 
 nois River arrived at the zenith of its glory and prosperity. During 
 these years it boasted the finest vessels which ever floated on its 
 waters ; among which were the Die Vernon, Prairie State^ Cataract, 
 Garden City, Ocean Wave, Belle Gould, Polar Star, and many others ; 
 they were truly floating palaces, and the travel was upon the river 
 and canal exclusively, there being no railroad convenient for that 
 class of travelers. On May 17th of this year, occurred the great 
 conflagration in St. Louis, by which several whole blocks of buildings 
 and twenty-three steamboats were burned, among which were the 
 Prairie State and Acadia, Illinois River packets. 
 
 1850 — Financier, an Illinois River packet, exploded at Alton. 
 Seven lives lost. 
 
 1851 — August 20, Dacotah exploded at Peoria ; eleven lives lost. 
 November 27, Die Vernon and Archer collided three miles above the 
 mouth of the Illinois River ; the Archer sank immediately ; twenty- 
 three persons were drowned, whose names were known, also quite a 
 number on deck, whose names were unknown. In this year there 
 were two floods, the two continuing so long as to cause more damage 
 than any former one. Tlie water was highest on the 11th of June, 
 when it was four feet nine inches lower than the high water mark of 
 1844. 
 
 1852 — Prairie State No. 2 exploded April 25th, at Pekin ; twenty 
 lives lost. In April, the Illinois was very high, but no unusual dam- 
 age was done. The Ohio rose as high as in 1832, doing an immense 
 injury to property. 
 
 185G — Illinois River on a level with Main Street, running over at 
 one place, Lafayette Street. March 22, Tropic and Challenge first 
 boats up. Ocean Spray burned. December 14, River closed. 
 
 In 1852 and 1856, during the high water, first-class steamboats 
 went entii'ely around Beardstown without any diflflculty. 
 
 1857 — February 18, Brazil first boat up. River moderate. No- 
 vember 19, River closed. December 1, Opened and remained navi- 
 gable until February 19, when it closed. 
 
 1858 — March 11, River opened; Adriatic first boat up. River 
 did not close again. Prairie State collapsed a flue ; one man killed. 
 This spring the river very high, being nearly as high as in 1844. 
 The water crossed over Main Street, and all the lower parts covered. 
 The city again an island, and a first-elass steamer, loaded with pas- 
 sengers, went around it. 
 
52 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 
 
 1859 — January 21, River closed for the first time. Open to St. 
 Louis on the 28th. February 3, Closed again. February 16, F. X. 
 Aubry first boat up. December 15, Closed. 
 
 1800 — February 21 , Polar Star first boat up. Belle Peoria burned. 
 November 24, River closed. December 7, Sara. Young came up. 
 December 13, River closed. January 1, Deep snow ; very cold ; rail- 
 roads generally blocked up ; mails stopped, and traveling suspended 
 two weeks. 
 
 1861 — February 16, Polar Star first boat up. Still ver>' cold; 
 some ice running. February 22, Minnesota Belle came up. Decem- 
 ber 26, River closed. 
 
 1862 — March 12, Minnesota Belle first boat up. December 6, 
 River over the Schuyler Bottom lands, and closed. December 12th, 
 River open. La Salle first boat up. 
 
 1863 — February 3, River closed until February 13th. Lacon first 
 boat down. December 9th, River closed. 
 
 1864 — February 2, Schuyler first boat up. Fel)ruar3^ l()th. River 
 closed. February 22, River open. From September 1 until October 
 13, only two feet of water in channel, and navigation suspended. 
 December 9, River closed. 
 
 1865 — Februarj^ 20, City of Pekin first boat up. December 12, 
 River closed. December 21, Thermometer 14° below 0, Fahrenheit. 
 December 23, 14° below. 
 
 1866 — January 21, Six o'clock P. M., thermometer 4° above, with 
 heavy rain, freezing as it fell, and heavy thunder and lightning, raer- 
 cury falling rapidly meantime, until nine o'clock P. M. it stood 8° 
 below, where it stood until morning. Tlunider and lightning lasted 
 one hour, say until seven o'clock P. M. It will require a skillful 
 meteorologist to explain this phenomena. Fel)ruary 15tli, thermom- 
 eter 26° below at Beardstown, which was the coldest day ever known 
 in this country. In the northern counties of this State it ranged 
 from 30 to 40° below. Februar}^ 16, thermometer 1(!° below. March 
 1, Schu3'ler first boat up ; river over bottom lands. Steamer Farra- 
 gut collided with the Meredosia bridge, whereby the canal boat Aj ax, 
 with entire cargo, was lost, and John C^uigg drowned. Tlie Ajax 
 was in tow of the Farragut. March 17, Thermometer 7° above, but 
 river remained open. Fall quite warm and pleasant until December 
 11 ; turned cold, mercury 8° above. December 12, 4° above, and ice 
 running thin. Illinois run down in the morning, cutting her way 
 through. Same day river got clear of ice and Farrugut went down. 
 December 15, Snowed six inches ; weather moderate ; 26° above, but 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CASS COUNTY. 53 
 
 ice running ; 17tli, 2° below ; lOtli, river opened and boats run until 
 Cliristiuas ; 25th, ice running ; and 26th, river closed, 2° above. 
 
 1867 — Februaiy 9th and 10th, Thermometer 10° below. March 8, 
 River clear of ice ; Farragut and Gem started down. Boats run all 
 the week. March 13, Weather turned suddenly cold, 6° below, ice 
 running ; and March 14, River closed. March 20, River open ; water 
 all over the low lands and within three feet of the surface of Main 
 Street, Beardstown. June 14, Peoria City's last trip down ; low 
 Avater began. July 20, Illinois' last trip down. August 8, City of 
 Pekin's last trip doAvn. Gem collapsed a line ; two men killed. Sep- 
 tember 18, Lancaster's last trip down. December 1, Lacon's last 
 trip down. December 5, Beardstown's last trip up. River closed. 
 
 1868 — March 4th, River open ; Schuyler first boat up. March 5, 
 City of Pekin up. March 'J, Beardstown up. March 10, Illinois up. 
 July 7, Low water began; Schuyler's last tri[) down. July 13, Illi- 
 nois' last trip down. November 15, River in good stage ; Illinois 
 began regular trips. December 4, Snow six inches ; thermometer 
 33° above. Belle Pike burst a cj'linder ; one life lost, one wounded. 
 December 9, 4° below ; river closed. Illinois last boat up. Decem- 
 ber 12, Mercury 10° below. The second week in this month was the 
 coldest week ever experienced in this State, the mercury' 26° below, 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 1869 — January 1 , Weather warm. January 6, River opened ; Pekin 
 up. April 2, River moderatelj- high, and ferry-boat ran to Frederick. 
 River continued gradually to rise until about August 3, when it 
 reached its highest, being on State Street, in Beardstown, within one 
 foot of the level of Main Street. The rainiest season ever known. 
 River open to navigation until January' 7, 1870. 
 
 1871 — November 11, River closed, and remained closed all winter, 
 
 1873 — January 28, Coldest night ever known in this State. 
 Early in the morning the thermometer stood 40° below zero, Fahren- 
 heit. Mercury congealed. Snow 16 inches deep. 
 
'<im 
 
 ^«E^^ 'TBS^ ^^^^- ^^^ff;^WW- T^^^P- ^W^~ ^^^W^■ ^^^ ^SR ^S?' ^TOi" tRS 
 
 Beardstovvu was selected as tli« site for the celebration ol' the Cen- 
 tennial in Cass County. The weather was inauspicious on tlie morn- 
 ing of the Fourth, and doubtless lessened the attendance on the occa- 
 sion. Towards mid-day, however, the storm passed away, and the 
 l*ublic Park, in which the prominent features of the day were to take 
 phice, soon began to fill. Judge Savage, of Virginia, was elected to 
 the Chair. A. M. Brownlee, of Virginia, read the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence ; and J. Henry Shaw, of Beardstown, delivered the oration. 
 Schneider's Band filled the orchestra of the stand, and the Beardstown 
 Glee Club occupied a temporary platform on its right. On the stand 
 were Judge Savage, Judge Emmons ; Robert Hall, marshal of the 
 day ; Judge Arenz, Dr. Ehrhardt ; Mr. Oetgen, Sr., of Blulf Springs ; 
 Mayor of Beardstown ; Mr. Petefish, of Virginia; Rev. R. Knoll, N. 
 Parsons ; Chas. Robinson, of Arenzville ; Henry McKinncl ; J. S. 
 Nicholson, of the Central lllinoian; A. M. Brownlee, of the Gazette; 
 Dr. Littlelield ; J. S. Harper, of the Ashland Eagle; George Kuhl ; 
 Rev. J. H. Slui}', of the Cass County Messenger ; Cyrus Loomis, H. 
 B. DeSoUar, D. M. Irwin, J. Henry Shaw, John Ilusted, Henry 
 Durham, Hon. William Eplcr, Chris. Crum, Rev. L. F. Grassow, 
 Milton Logan, John Milt. Epler, J. W. Lawson, and others. 
 
 All passed otf with great eclat, and the only regret was that the 
 long-protracted shower had excluded many distant citizens of the 
 county from participating. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
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