, "T "■ 
 
 ITHACA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
 
 MANUAL OF THE 
 
 BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 THE LAW RELATING TO SCHOOLS 
 
 IN THE SEVERAL CITIES OF 
 
 NEW YORK STATE 
 
 BY-LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 OF ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
ITHACA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
 
 MANUAL OF THE 
 
 arnvxa^cx BOARD OF EDUCATION 
 
 ADOPTED MAY, 1919 
 

 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 State Law regarding Boards of Education 3-29 
 
 By-Laws and Rules of the Board of Education 29-46 
 
 School Regulations: Teachers, Schools — 
 
 Admission of pupils 48 
 
 Attendance Officer 68 
 
 Classifications 46 
 
 Headmasters, Principals 51 
 
 Hygienist, Dental Nurse 67 
 
 Janitors, Duties of 65 
 
 Miscellaneous provisions (important) 68 
 
 Nurse, Duties of 67 
 
 Pupils, Duties of 57 
 
 State Laws cited (important) 72 
 
 Student Activities 61 
 
 Sub-district boundaries 70 
 
 Superintendent, Powers and Duties of 41 
 
 Supervision and Inspection 49 
 
 Teachers, Duties of 52 
 
 Terms, Holidays, Sessions 47 
 
 Use of Buildings, etc 69 
 
 ^. Of ». 
 
LAWS OF NEW YORK 
 CHAPTER 786 
 
 AN ACT to amend the education law, by providing for a board of 
 education in the several cities of the state. 
 
 Became a law June 8, 1917, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, 
 three-fifths being present. 
 
 The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
 Assembly, do enact as follow s: 
 
 Section 1. Chapter twenty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred 
 and nine, entitled "An act relating to education, constituting chapter 
 sixteen of the consoUdated laws," as amended by chapter one hun- 
 dred and forty of the laws of nineteen hundred and ten, is hereby 
 further amended by inserting therein a new article, to be known 
 as article thirty-three-a, and to read as follows: 
 
 ARTICLE 33-A. 
 Board of Education in the Several Cities of the State 
 
 Section 865. Board of education. 
 
 866. Board of education; eligibility; how chosen; term 
 
 of office; vacancies. 
 
 867. Meetings of board of education. 
 
 868. Powers and duties of board of education. 
 
 869. Superintendent of schools. 
 
 870. Powers and duties of superintendent of schools. 
 
 871. Board of examiners. 
 
 872. Appointment of associate, district or other superin- 
 
 tendents, teachers, experts and other employees: 
 their salaries, et cetera. 
 872a. Retirement of employees of board of education. 
 
 873. Local school board districts. 
 
 874. Bonds of employees. 
 
 875. Buildings, sites, et cetera. 
 
 876. Purchase and sale of real property. 
 
 877. Education budget. 
 
 ,^. 1?. .'"■ 
 
4 Board of Education 
 
 878. Tax election. 
 
 879. Bond issue. 
 
 880. Funds; custody and disbursement of. 
 
 881. Continuation in office of boards, bureaus, teachers, 
 
 principals and other employees. 
 
 § 865. Board of education. 1. A board of education is hereby 
 established in each city of the state. The educational affairs in each 
 city shall be under the general management and control of a board 
 of education to consist of not less than three and not more than 
 nine members, to be chosen as hereinafter provided, and to be 
 known as members of the board of education. The number of 
 members on the board of education of each city shall be as follows: 
 
 a. A city having nine members or less on its board of education 
 shall continue to have such number of members on said board as 
 such board contains at the time this law goes into effect. 
 
 b. A city having a population of one million or more shall 
 have a board of education to consist of seven members. 
 
 c. In all other cities of the state the number of members of 
 the board of education shall be nine. 
 
 2. A board of education in office at the time this law goes 
 into effect except as hereinafter provided shall continue in office 
 and possess the powers and duties of a board of education under 
 this article until its successor shall be chosen as provided herein. 
 
 3. The provisions of this act shall apply to and govern the 
 operation and administration of the public school system and other 
 educational affairs in a city which is created after this act goes 
 into effect. The authorities in charge of the operation and admin- 
 istration of the schools and other educational affairs of the school 
 districts included within such city at the time the act creating such 
 city goes into effect shall continue in charge thereof until the first 
 Tuesday in May thereafter. On such first Tuesday in May a board 
 of education consisting of five members shall be elected at the annual 
 school election in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 
 One member of such board shall be elected for one year, one member 
 for two years, one member for three years, one member for four 
 years, and one member for five years from the said first Tuesday 
 of May. As their terms expire their successors shall be chosen for 
 a full term of five years. 
 
Laws of New York 5 
 
 § 866. Board of education; eligibility; how chosen; term of 
 office; vacancies. 1. No person shall be eligible to the office of 
 member of a board of education who is not a citizen of the United 
 States and who has not been a resident of the city for which he is 
 chosen for a period of at least three years immediately preceding 
 the date of his election or appointment. 
 
 2. In a city having a population of one million or more and 
 divided into boroughs, there shall be a board of education consisting 
 of seven members. Two members of such board shall be residents 
 of the borough having the largest population, two shall be residents 
 of the borough having the second largest population, and one shall 
 be a resident of each of the other boroughs in such city. The mayor 
 shall appoint such members on the first Wednesday in January, 
 nineteen hundred and eighteen, and in appointing them shall desig- 
 nate the terms of office of such members so that the term of one 
 member shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
 and nineteen; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
 and twenty; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
 and twenty -one; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
 dred and twenty-two; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen 
 hundred and twenty-three; one on the first Tuesday in May, nine- 
 teen hundred and twenty-four; and one on the first Tuesday in 
 May, nineteen hundred and twenty-five. Their successors shall 
 be chosen for full terms of seven years. Thereafter, as vacancies 
 occur on such board they shall be filled from the several boroughs 
 so that each borough shall always be represented on such board as 
 required under this subdivision. A vacancy occurring otherwise 
 than by expiration of term shall be filled for the unexpired term. 
 
 3. In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time 
 this article goes into effect, that the members of the board of edu- 
 cation shall be chosen by vote of the people at an election separate 
 from the general or municipal election, the members of the board 
 of education of that city shall hereafter be elected by the voters at 
 large at the annual school election. 
 
 4. In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time 
 this article goes into effect, that the members of the board of edu- 
 cation shall be chosen b}^ vote of the people at a general or municipal 
 election, the members of such board of education shall continue to 
 
6 - Board of Education 
 
 be so chosen by the voters at large at either a general or municipal 
 election, or at both, and for the terms prescribed by such law. 
 
 5. In each other city of the state members of the board of 
 education shall be appointed from the city at large by the mayor 
 except as otherwise provided herein, but in a city having a popula- 
 tion of four hundred thousand or more and less than one million, 
 such appointments shall be subject to confirmation by the council. 
 The members of the board of education in a city having a popula- 
 tion of four hundred thousand or more and less than one million 
 shall be appointed by the mayor on January fifteenth, nineteen 
 hundred and eighteen, subject to confirmation by the council, for 
 terms of one, two, three, four and five years from the first Tuesday 
 in May, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and their successors 
 shall be appointed as provided herein for five years. 
 
 6. If the number of members on a board of education in a city 
 in which the members of such board are chosen at an annual school, 
 general or municipal election exceeds nine, no person shall be elected 
 to membership thereon as vacancies occur until the number of 
 members on such board shall be less than nine. 
 
 7. If the number of members on a board of education in a city 
 in which the members of such board are appointed by the mayor 
 exceeds nine, the term of office of each member of such board shall 
 cease and terminate when this act takes effect, except as otherwise 
 provided herein, and the mayor in each of such cities shall there- 
 upon appoint a board of education to consist of nine members. 
 Such members shall be appointed for the following terms: two 
 members to serve until the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
 dred and eighteen; two to serve until the first Tuesday in May, 
 nineteen hundred and nineteen; two until the first Tuesday in 
 May, nineteen hundred and twenty; two until the first Tuesday in 
 May, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, and one until the first 
 Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred and twenty-two. As their terms 
 expire, their successors shall be chosen for a full term of five years. 
 
 8. The persons either elected or appointed to membership for 
 a full term on a board of education, and their successors in office, 
 shall be elected or appointed for terms of five years each, except 
 as otherwise provided in this act. 
 
Laws of New York 7 
 
 9. In a city having less than five members on its board of 
 education the term of office of such members shall be for the period 
 of time specified in the law in effect prior to the time this act goes 
 into effect. As the terms of office of such members expire their 
 successors shall be chosen for like terms. 
 
 10. (a) When vacancies occur in a board of education by ex- 
 piration of term, prior to the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
 dred and twenty-one, in a city in which the members of such board 
 are elected at the annual school election held on the first Tuesday 
 in May, such vacancies shall be filled for such terms that the terms 
 of one-fifth, or as near as may be, of all members of such board 
 shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred and 
 twenty-one and annually thereafter. 
 
 (b) Where such vacancies have been filled by appointment by 
 the mayor as required herein since June eighth, nineteen hundred 
 and seventeen, or shall be hereafter so filled, the mayor shall desig- 
 nate the terms for which such persons so appointed are to hold 
 office so that the terms of one-fifth, or as near as may be, of the 
 members of such board shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, 
 nineteen hundred and twenty-one and annually thereafter. 
 
 (c) The persons so elected or appointed shall take office im- 
 mediately thereafter, except as otherwise provided herein. 
 
 11. If a vacancy occurs other than by expiration of term of 
 office in the office of a member of a board of education in a city 
 in which such members are elected at a school, or general, or munic- 
 ipal election, such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the 
 mayor until the next annual school election is held, and such va- 
 cancy shall then be filled at such election for the unexpired portion 
 of such term. 
 
 12. If such vacancy occurs in such office in a city in which the 
 members of the board of education are appointed by the mayor, 
 such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the mayor of such 
 city for the unexpired portion of such term, but in a city having 
 a population of four hundred thousand or more and less than one 
 million, such appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the 
 council. 
 
 § 867. Meetings of board of education. 1. The annual meet- 
 ing of a board of education shall be held on the second Tuesday in 
 
8 BoAKD OF Education 
 
 May, at four o'clock in the afternoon, at which meeting the board 
 shall select a president for the ensuing year. 
 
 2. Each of such boards shall also fix the day and hour for hold- 
 ing regular board meetings which shall be at least as often as once 
 each month and shall also prescribe a method for calling special 
 meetings of such board. 
 
 § 868. Powers and duties of board of education. Subject to 
 the provisions of this chapter, the board of education in a city shall 
 have the power and it shall be its duty 
 
 1. To perform any duty imposed upon boards of education or 
 trustees of common schools under this chapter or other statutes, 
 or the regulations of The University of the State of New York 
 or the commissioner of education so far as they may be applicable 
 to the school or other educational affairs of a city, and not incon- 
 sistent with the provisions of this article. 
 
 2. To create, abolish, maintain and consolidate such positions, 
 divisions, boards or bureaus as, in its judgment, may be necessary 
 for the proper and efficient administration of its work; to appoint 
 a superintendent of schools, such associate, district and other super- 
 intendents, examiners, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers, 
 lecturers, special instructors, medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, 
 attendance officers, secretaries, clerks, janitors and other employees 
 and other persons or experts in educational, social or recreational 
 work or in the business management or direction of its affairs as 
 said board shall determine necessary for the efficient management 
 of the schools and other educational, social, recreational and busi- 
 ness activities; and to determine their duties except as otherwise 
 provided herein. 
 
 3. To have the care, custody, control and safekeeping of all 
 school property or other property of the city used for educational, 
 social or recreational work and not specifically placed by law under 
 the control of some other body or officer, and to prescribe rules 
 and regulations for the preservation of such property. 
 
 4. To purchase and furnish such apparatus, maps, globes, 
 books, furniture and other equipment and supplies as may be neces- 
 sary for the proper and efficient management of the schools and 
 other educational, social and recreational activities and interests 
 under its management and control. To provide textbooks or other 
 
Laws of New York 9 
 
 supplies to all the children attending the schools of such cities in 
 which free textbooks or other supplies are lawfully provided prior 
 to the time this act goes into effect. 
 
 5. To establish and maintain such free elementary schools, 
 high schools, training schools, vocational and industrial schools, 
 kindergartens, technical schools, night schools, part-time or con- 
 tinuation schools, vacation schools, schools for adults, open air 
 schools, schools for the mentally and physically defective children 
 or such other schools or classes as such board shall deem necessary 
 to meet the needs and demands of the city. 
 
 6. To establish and maintain libraries which may be open to 
 the public, to organize and maintain public lecture courses, and 
 to estabhsh and equip playgrounds, recreation centers, social centers, 
 and reading rooms from such funds as the education law or other 
 statutes authorize and the state appropriates for such purposes, 
 and from such other funds as may be provided therefor from local 
 taxation or other sources. 
 
 7. To authorize the general courses of study which shall be 
 given in the schools and to approve the content of such courses 
 before they become operative. 
 
 8. To authorize and determine the textbooks to be used in the 
 schools under its jurisdiction, but in a city having a board of super- 
 intendents, the books thus authorized and determined shall be 
 from lists recommended by such board. 
 
 9. To prescribe such regulations and by-laws as may be neces- 
 sary to make effectual the provisions of this chapter and for the 
 conduct of the proceedings of said board and the transaction of 
 its business affairs, for the general management, operation, con- 
 trol, maintenance and discipline of the schools, and of all other 
 educational, social or recreational activities and other interests 
 under its charge or direction. 
 
 10. To perform such other duties and possess such other powers 
 as may be required to administer the affairs placed under its con- 
 trol and management, to execute all powers vested in it, and to 
 promote the best interests of the schools and other activities com- 
 mitted to its care. 
 
 § 869. Superintendent of schools, associate superintendents, 
 board of superintendents. The superintendent or an associate 
 
10 Board of Education 
 
 superintendent of schools of a city in office when this article goes 
 into effect shall hold his position for the term for which he was 
 chosen and until his successor is chosen. A superintendent or 
 associate superintendent appointed after this article goes into effect 
 shall hold his position in a city of the first class for a period of six 
 years from the date of his appointment subject to removal for cause 
 and in all other cities subject to the pleasure of the board of educa- 
 tion. In a city having a population of one million or more there 
 shall be eight associate superintendents, and the superintendent 
 of schools and such associate superintendents shall constitute a 
 board of superintendents. The superintendent of schools shall be 
 the chairman of such board. A superintendent or an associate 
 superintendent may vacate his position by filing a written resigna- 
 tion with the board of education. No person shall be eligible to 
 the position of superintendent of schools or associate, district or 
 other superintendent of schools or a member of the board of ex- 
 aminers unless he is 
 
 1. A graduate of a college or university approved by The Uni- 
 versity of the State of New York, and has had at least five years' 
 successful experience in the teaching or in the supervision of public 
 schools since graduation; or 
 
 2. A holder of a superintendent's certificate issued by the com- 
 missioner of education under regulations prescribed by the regents 
 of The University of the State of New York, and has had at least 
 ten years' successful experience in teaching, or in public school 
 administration, or equivalent educational experience approved by 
 the commissioner of education. 
 
 § 870. Powers and duties of superintendent of schools. The 
 superintendent of schools of a city shall possess, subject to the by- 
 laws of the board of education, the following powers and be charged 
 with the following duties: 
 
 1. To enforce all provisions of law and all rules and regulations 
 relating to the management of the schools and other educational, 
 social and recreational activities under the direction of the board 
 of education, to be the chief executive officer of such board and 
 the educational system, and to have a seat in the board of educa- 
 tion and the right to speak on all matters before the board, but 
 not to vote. 
 
Laws of New York 11 
 
 2. To prepare the content of each course of study authorized 
 by the board of education, but in a city having a board of super- 
 intendents the content of each of such courses shall be prepared 
 and recommended bj'- the board of superintendents, submitted to 
 the board of education for its approval and, when thus approved, 
 the superintendent or board of superintendents, as the case may be, 
 shall cause such courses of study to be used in the grades, classes 
 and schools for which they are authorized. 
 
 3. To recommend suitable lists of textbooks to be used in the 
 schools, but in a city having a board of superintendents such board 
 of superintendents shall recommend to the board of education 
 such lists. 
 
 4. To have supervision and direction of associate, district and 
 other superintendents, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers, 
 lecturers, medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, attendance officers, 
 janitors and other persons employed in the management of the 
 schools or the other educational activities of the city authorized by 
 this chapter and under the direction and management of the board 
 of education; to transfer teachers from one school to another, or 
 from one grade of the course of study to another grade in such course, 
 and to report immediately such transfer to said board for its con- 
 sideration and action, but in a city having a board of superintendents 
 such transfers shall be made upon the recommendation of such 
 board ; to report to said board of education violations of regulations 
 and cases of insubordination, and to suspend an associate, district 
 or other superintendent, director, supervisor, expert, principal, 
 teacher or other employee until the next regular meeting of the board 
 when all facts relating to the case shall be submitted to the board 
 for its consideration and action. 
 
 5. To have supervision and direction over the enforcement and 
 observance of the courses of study, the examination and promotion 
 of pupils, and over all other matters pertaining to playgrounds, 
 medical inspection, recreation and social center work, libraries, 
 lectures and all the other educational activities and interests under 
 the management, direction and control of the board of education, 
 but in a city having a board of superintendents rules and regula- 
 tions for the promotion and graduation of pupils shall be made 
 by such board. 
 
 6. To issue such licenses to teachers, principals, directors and 
 
12 Board of Education 
 
 other members of the teaching and supervising staff as may be 
 required under the regulations of the board of education in cities 
 in which such board requires its teachers to hold qualifications in 
 addition to or in advance of the minimum qualifications required 
 under this chapter. In a city having a board of examiners, such 
 licenses shall be issued on the recommendation of such board. 
 
 § 871. Board of examiners. In a city having a population of 
 one million or more there shall be a board of examiners to consist 
 of four members. No person while in the supervising or teaching 
 service in the city shall serve on such board. It shall be the duty 
 of the board to hold examinations whenever necessary, to examine 
 all applicants who are required to be licensed or to have their names 
 placed upon eligible lists for appointment in the schools in such 
 city, except examiners, and to prepare all necessary eligible lists. 
 Ehgible lists shall not be merged and one eligible list shall be ex- 
 hausted before nominations are made from a list of subsequent 
 date. No eligible lists, except a principals' eligible list shall remain 
 in force for a longer period than three years. The board of examiners 
 may employ temporary assistants at a compensation fixed by the 
 board of education. It shall perform such other duties as the board 
 of education may require. 
 
 § 872. Appointment of district or other superintendents, 
 teachers and other employees; their salaries, et cetera. 1. District 
 superintendents, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers and all 
 other members of the teaching and supervising staff, except asso- 
 ciate superintendents and examiners, authorized by section eight 
 hundred and sixty-eight of this article, shall be appointed by the 
 board of education, upon the recommendation of the superintendent 
 of schools, but in a city having a board of superintendents on the 
 recommendation of such board, for a probationary period of not 
 less than one year and not to exceed three years; such period to be 
 fixed by the board of education in its discretion. The service of a 
 person appointed to any of such positions may be discontinued at 
 any time during such probationary period, on the recommendation 
 of the superintendent of schools, and in a city having a board of 
 superintendents on the recommendation of such board, by a majority 
 vote of the board of education. 
 
 2. Associate superintendents, examiners and all other employees 
 authorized by section eight hundred and sixty-eight of this article, 
 
Laws of New York 13 
 
 except as otherwise provided in subdivision one of this section, 
 shall be appointed by the board of education. 
 
 3. At the expiration of the probationary term of a person 
 appointed for such term, the superintendent of schools, and, in 
 a city having a board of superintendents, such board shall make 
 a written report to the board of education recommending for per- 
 manent appointment those persons who have been found com- 
 peteni, efficient and satisfactory. Such persons and all others em- 
 ployed in the teaching, examining or supervising service of the 
 schools of a city, who have served the full probationery period, or 
 have rendered satisfactorily an equivalent period of service prior 
 to the time this act goes into effect shall hold their respective posi- 
 tions during good behavior and efficient and competent service, and 
 shall not be removable except for cause after a hearing by the affirma- 
 tive vote of a majority of the board. In a city in which teachers 
 have not permanent tenure under the laws in force prior to the time 
 this act goes into effect, such teachers shall be entitled to receive 
 permanent appointments after serving the probationary period 
 fixed by the board of education as herein provided. 
 
 4. No principal, supervisor, director, or teacher shall be ap- 
 pointed to the teaching force of a city who does not possess qualifica- 
 tions required under this chapter and under the regulations pre- 
 scribed by the commissioner of education for the persons employed 
 in such positions in the schools of the cities of the state, but a board 
 of education may prescribe additional or higher qualifications for 
 the persons employed in any of such positions. 
 
 5. In a city having a population of four hundred thousand or 
 more, recommendations for appointment to the teaching and super- 
 vising service, except for the position of superintendent of schools, 
 associate superintendent or district superintendent, or director of a 
 special branch, principal of or teacher in a training school, or prin- 
 cipal of a high school, shall be from the first three persons on ap- 
 propriate eligible lists prepared by the board of examiners. Eligible 
 lists in force at the time this act takes effect and the relative stand- 
 ing of persons whose names are on said lists shall not be affected by 
 the passage of this act. The board of education, on the recommenda- 
 tion of the superintendent of schools, and in a city having a board 
 of superintendents on the recommendation of such board, shall 
 designate, subject to the other provisions of this chapter, the kind 
 
14 Board of Education 
 
 and grades of licenses which shall be required for service as principal, 
 branch principal, director, supervisor or teacher of a special branch, 
 head of department, assistant or any other position of the teaching 
 staff together with the academic and professional qualifications 
 required for each kind or grade of license. No person required to 
 have a license under the provisions of this chapter in order to be 
 employed in a position who does not have such license shall have 
 any claim for salary. 
 
 6. The salaries of all members of the supervising and teaching 
 force and of all employees and for all positions authorized under 
 section eight hundred and sixty-eight of this act shall continue to 
 be on the same basis as such salaries and positions are when this 
 article goes into effect, and such salaries shall continue to be regu- 
 lated and increased in the same manner, by the same provisions 
 of law and under the same conditions as such salaries are regulated 
 and increased under the laws governing such salaries at the time 
 this article goes into effect. Rules and regulations shall be adopted 
 governing excusing of absences and for the granting of leaves of 
 absence either with or without pay. 
 
 § 872-a. Retirement of employees of board of education. The 
 
 board of education in a city having a population of one hundred 
 thousand or more shall have power to establish a retirement system 
 for all civil employees permanently employed by said board other 
 than superintendents and teachers who may now be retired under 
 the provisions of other retirement laws. The board of education 
 of such city shall adopt appropriate rules and regulations for the 
 government, management and control of the retirement of said 
 employees. Before they become effective such rules and regulations 
 must be approved by the board of estimate and apportionment in 
 a city having such body, and in a city not having such body by the 
 common council or such other officers or bodies as have the manage- 
 ment and control of financial affairs similar to that exercised by 
 such board of estimate and apportionment. The board of estimate 
 and apportionment in a city having such body, and in other cities 
 the officers or bodies performing the functions similar to those of a 
 board of estimate and apportionment, shall appropriate annually 
 the sum necessary to pay the expenses of the administration of this 
 act and to also pay such amount to the employees herein described 
 as they shall be entitled to receive annually under the rules and regu- 
 
Laws of New York 15 
 
 lations prescribed by the board of education and approved by the 
 said board of estimate and apportionment or other authorities. 
 In no event shall the rules and regulations prescribed by the board 
 of education and approved by the board of estimate and apportion- 
 ment or other authorities named herein provide for the annual 
 payment of a sum to exceed fifty per centum of the average annual 
 salary of an employee for the ten years of service immediately pre- 
 ceding his retirement. 
 
 § 873. Local school board districts. 1. The local school board 
 districts in a city having a population of one million or more are 
 hereby continued as they exist at the time this article goes into 
 effect subject, however, to the provisions contained herein. The 
 board of education of such city may modify the boundaries of such 
 districts, consolidate two or more of such districts, and establish 
 new districts. 
 
 2. There shall be in each of such districts a local school board 
 of five members appointed by the president of the borough in which 
 such district is located. The board of education shall designate as 
 a member of a local school board one member of the board of edu- 
 cation and the city superintendent of schools shall assign one dis- 
 trict superintendent to advise with such board. 
 
 3. The members of such local school boards in office prior to 
 the time this article goes into effect shall serve for the term for 
 which they were appointed. The full term of office of a member of 
 such board shall be five years. A vacancy on such board shall be 
 filled by the borough president for the unexpired term. 
 
 4. Subject to the provisions of this chapter a local school board 
 shall within its district have the power and it shall be its duty to 
 visit the schools at least once every quarter; to make recommenda- 
 tions to the board of education with respect to matters affecting 
 the interests of the schools; subject to the by-laws of the board of 
 education, to transfer teachers from school to school, to excuse 
 absences of teachers, to hear charges against principals or teachers 
 and make recommendations thereon to the board of education, 
 and to perform such other duties as may be required under said 
 by-laws; to provide by-laws regulating the exercise of the powers 
 and duties vested in it, provided such by-laws are not in conflict 
 with the by-laws of the board of education; to elect a secretary and 
 determine his duties. The secretary is hereby authorized to ad- 
 
16 Board of Education 
 
 minister oaths and take affidavits in all matters pertaining to the 
 schools in his district, in which a local school board has power to 
 act, and for that purpose shall possess all the powers of a commis- 
 sioner of deeds, but shall not be entitled to any fees or emoluments 
 thereof. The board of education shall provide for the expenses of a 
 local school board and for its places of meeting. 
 
 § 874. Bonds of employees. The board of estimate and ap- 
 portionment of a city or in a city having no board of estimate and 
 apportionment the body or officer performing the duties performed 
 by a board of estimate and apportionment which may now legally 
 require bonds of such employees may continue to require bonds 
 of such employees in such amount as such board of estimate and 
 apportionment or other body or officer shall determine. In all 
 other cities bonds may be required of such employees by the board 
 of education. The premiums on such bonds shall be paid by the 
 city. 
 
 § 875. Buildings, sites, et cetera. 1. A board of education is 
 authorized and it shall have power to purchase, repair, remodel, 
 improve or enlarge school buildings or other buildings or sites, 
 and to construct new buildings, subject to such limitations and 
 restrictions and exceptions as are herein provided. 
 
 2. Whenever in the judgment of a board of education it is 
 necessary to select a new site, or to enlarge a present site, or to 
 designate a playground or recreation center, or to acquire title to 
 or lease real property for other educational purposes authorized by 
 this chapter, such board may take options on property desirable for 
 such purposes but before taking title thereto shall pass a resolu- 
 tion stating the necessity therefor, describing by metes and bounds 
 the grounds or territory desired for each of these purposes, and 
 estimating the amount of funds necessary therefor. An item for 
 such amount if funds are not available for the purchase or lease of 
 such property may be included in the next annual budget if not 
 included in a special budget as herein provided. 
 
 3. Whenever in the judgment of a board of education the needs 
 of the city require a new building for school purposes or for recrea- 
 tion or other educational purposes authorized by this chapter, or 
 when in its judgment a building should be remodelled or enlarged, 
 such board shall pass a resolution specifying in detail the necessity 
 therefor and estimating the amount of funds necessary for such 
 
Laws of New York 17 
 
 purposes. An item for such amount if funds are not available for 
 the construction of such building may be included in the next annual 
 budget if not included in a special budget as herein provided. 
 
 4. No site shall be designated except upon a majority vote of 
 a board of education and no building shall be constructed, remodelled 
 or enlarged until the plans and specifications therefor are approved 
 by the board of education. 
 
 5. After a site has been selected and plans and specifications 
 for a building thereon have been approved as provided herein, a 
 board of education in a city having a population of more than four 
 hundred thousand but less than one million may, in its discretion, 
 by regulation dehver such plans and specifications to the council 
 which may thereupon, in its discretion, award a contract for the 
 erection of such building in the same manner and in accordance 
 with the provisions of law regulating the awarding of contracts for' 
 the construction of municipal buildings of such city. 
 
 6. In a city of the second class in which the common council, 
 the board of estimate and apportionment and the board of contract 
 and supply and the commissioner of public works or other city 
 officials, or any one or more thereof, has the authority under the 
 law in force prior to the time this act takes effect to erect, remodel, 
 improve, or enlarge school buildings or to purchase supplies or 
 real property for any school purpose, such officers, board or boards 
 shall continue to possess such powers and duties and to perform 
 such functions. 
 
 7. When the real property of a city under the control and man- 
 agement of the board of education is no longer needed for educa- 
 tional purposes in the city, such board shall notify the common 
 council of such fact and in a city having no common council, the 
 council or the commissioners of the sinking fund, and such com- 
 mon council or such council or such commissioners of the sinking 
 fund, as the case may be, may then sell or dispose of such property 
 in the manner in which other real property owned by the city may 
 be sold or disposed of and the proceeds thereof shall be credited to 
 the funds under the control and administration of the board of 
 education in such city, except that in cities where the proceeds 
 of such sales are required by statute, in effect prior to the time 
 this article goes into effect, to be paid to the credit of the sinking 
 fund established and maintained therein, the proceeds of such sale 
 
18 Board of Education 
 
 shall continue to be paid to the credit of the sinking fund of such 
 city or cities as required by statute, and except that in a city hav- 
 ing a council or a board of estimate and apportionment, such council 
 or board may, by resolution, authorize the use of the proceeds of 
 such sale for other municipal purposes. 
 
 8. No contract for the purchase of supplies, furniture, equip- 
 ment, or for the construction or the alteration or remodelling of 
 any building shall be entered into by a board of education involving 
 an expenditure or liability of more than one thousand dollars unless 
 said board shall have duly advertised for estimates for the same 
 and the contract in each case shall be awarded to the lowest respon- 
 sible bidder furnishing the security as required by such board. 
 
 § 876. Purchase and sale of real property. The board of edu- 
 cation may purchase real property for any of the purposes author- 
 ized by law and shall take title thereof in the name of the city or 
 when the boundaries of a city and a city school district are not 
 coterminous, in the name of the city school district, and when the 
 owner of such property refuses to sell the same or such board is 
 unable to agree with the owner of such property on the purchase 
 price thereof, it shall have the power and authority to institute such 
 proceedings and take any action necessary to acquire title to such 
 property under and pursuant to the provisions of the condemnation 
 law, city charter, or of any special statute authorizing proceedings 
 to acquire title by right to eminent domain, except that in a city 
 in which the common council, board of contract and supply or other 
 city oiScers or body are authorized and empowered by law to ac- 
 quire title to real property for school purposes under the laws in 
 force at the time this act goes into effect, said council, board, officers 
 or body shall continue to possess such powers and shall exercise the 
 same, including the power to condemn real property for said pur- 
 poses, under the provisions of law relating thereto notwithstanding 
 any of the provisions contained in this act. 
 
 § 877. Annual estimate. 1. The board of education in each 
 city having a population of less than one million shall prepare an- 
 nually an itemized estimate for the current or ensuing fiscal year 
 of such sum of money as it may deem necessary for the purposes 
 stated in this section, after crediting thereto the amount antici- 
 pated in the next apportionment of school funds from the state 
 and the estimated amount to be received from all other sources. 
 
Laws of New York 19 
 
 Such itemized estimate in such cities shall be filed at such times 
 and in such manner as city departments or oJEficers are required 
 to submit estimates for such departments or officers. The board 
 of education in each other city shall prepare annually an itemized 
 estimate for the ensuing fiscal year and file the same on or before 
 the first day of September. Such estimate shall be for the following 
 purposes : 
 
 a. The salary of the superintendent of schools, associate, dis- 
 trict or other superintendents, examiners, directors, supervisors, 
 principals, teachers, lecturers, special instructors, auditors, medical 
 inspectors, nurses, attendance officers, clerks and janitors and the 
 salary, fees or compensation of all other employees appointed or 
 employed by said board of education. 
 
 b. The other necessary incidental and contingent expenses in- 
 cluding ordinary repairs to buildings and the purchase of fuel and 
 light, supplies, textbooks, school apparatus, books, furniture and 
 fixtures and other articles and service necessary for the proper 
 maintenance, operation and support of the schools, libraries and 
 other educational, social or recreational affairs and interests under 
 its management and direction. The provisions of this section in 
 regard to the purchase of light shall not apply to a city having a 
 population of one million or more. 
 
 c. The remodelling or enlarging of buildings under its control 
 and management, the construction of new buildings for uses author- 
 ized by this chapter and the furnishing and equipment thereof, 
 the purchase of real property for new sites, additions to present 
 sites, playgrounds or recreation centers and other educational or 
 social purposes, and to meet any other indebtedness or liability 
 incurred under the provisions of this chapter or other statutes, or 
 any other expenses which the board of education is authorized to 
 incur. 
 
 2, In a city which had, according to the state census of nine- 
 teen hundred and fifteen, a population of less than fifty thousand 
 such estimate shall be filed with the clerk of the common council 
 and the common council shall include, except as otherwise pro- 
 vided herein, in the next annual tax and assessment roll of the city 
 the amount specified in such estimate and the same shall be collected 
 in the same manner as other city taxes are collected and shall be 
 placed to the credit of the board of education as herein provided. 
 
20 Board of Education 
 
 In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time this article 
 goes into effect, that such assessment shall he included in a school 
 tax and assessment roll, separate and distinct from the annual tax 
 and assessment roll, and at a different time, such assessment shall 
 continue to be included in a school tax and assessment roll, to be 
 prepared and levied at the same time each year as the law provides 
 in respect to said cities prior to the time this article goes into effect. 
 In case more than twenty-five thousand dollars is required to be 
 raised by tax for the purposes specified in paragraph c of subdivision 
 one of this section, the common council, or the board of education 
 or either, may provide for the submission to the voters of the city, 
 at a tax election, the proposition for the expenditure of such sum 
 or may levy a tax to be payable in installments, for such purposes, 
 and may issue and sell municipal bonds as hereinafter provided. 
 In cities in which the board of education is either appointed, or is 
 elected at a general or municipal election, the submission of such 
 question shall be to the voters of such city at either a general or 
 municipal election. 
 
 2-a. In the city of Lockport such estimate shall be filed with 
 the clerk of the common council and shall be known as the school 
 budget, and the common council shall include the amount specified 
 in such budget in a school tax and assessment-roll, to be entirely 
 separate and distinct from the annual tax and assessment-roll, and 
 the amount provided therein shall be collected at the same time and 
 in the same manner as other city taxes are collected, and shall be 
 placed to the credit of the board of education as herein provided. 
 
 3. In a city of the third class in which the common council, 
 under statutes in effect prior to the time when this act takes effect, 
 has the power to determine the amount of funds which shall be 
 included in the estimate for the support and maintenance of public 
 schools, and in any such city in which the mayor under such statutes 
 has the power to consider and determine the amounts included 
 in such estimate for the support and maintenance of public schools, 
 such common council and mayor shall have the same power and shall 
 perform the same duties as are required under the statutes in effect 
 prior to the taking effect of this act, and the provisions of such 
 statutes shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding the 
 provisions of this act. Nothing in this act shall be construed as 
 conferring upon the common council of a city of the third class the 
 
Laws of New York 21 
 
 power to determine the amount which shall be used for school pur- 
 poses, which was not specifically conferred upon the common council 
 of such city under the statutes in effect prior to the taking effect of 
 this act. Where the mayor, under a statute in effect prior to the 
 taking effect of this act, reduces or eliminates items in the estimate 
 for the support and maintenance of public schools in the city, he 
 must return such estimate to the board of education, stating his 
 reasons for making such reductions or eliminations, within ten clays 
 after the filing of such estimate, and thereupon the board of educa- 
 tion may take action on such estimate and may by a three-fourths 
 vote of the members of the board restore the items so reduced or 
 eliminated, and the estimate shall thereupon become effective and 
 the amounts specified therein shall be levied and collected in the 
 same manner as other city taxes are collected. 
 
 4. In a city of the second class in which the board of estimate 
 and apportionment has authority, under the statutes in effect prior 
 to the time this act goes into effect, to determine the amount of 
 funds which shall be included for the support and maintenance of 
 public schools in the estimate to be submitted to the common coun- 
 cil, and in a city of the first class having a population of less than 
 four hundred thousand, according to the federal census of nineteen 
 hundred and ten, such estimate shall be filed with the mayor. The 
 mayor shall place such estimate before the board of estimate and 
 approtionment at the same time and in the same manner as es- 
 timates from city departments or officers are placed before said 
 board of estimate and apportionment, and such estimate shall 
 thereafter be subject to the same consideration, action and proced- 
 ure as all other estimates from city departments or officers. The 
 said board of estimate and apportionment may increase, diminish or 
 reject any item contained in said estimate, except for fixed charges 
 for which the city is liable. When such estimate is adopted the 
 board of estimate and apportionment shall file it with the common 
 council. 
 
 5. The board of education in each other city of the second class 
 shall file such estimate with the maj^or. The common council of 
 each city included within the provisions of this subdivision shall 
 include the amount of such estimate in the tax and assessment roll 
 of the city and the same shall be collected and placed to the credit 
 of the board of education as herein provided, except that a tax 
 
22 Board of Education 
 
 for the purposes specified in paragraph c of subdivision one of this 
 section shall be levied payable in installments and bonds therefor 
 shall be issued and sold as hereinafter provided. 
 
 6. In a city which had, according to the federal census of nine- 
 teen hundred and ten, a population of four hundred thousand or 
 more but less than one million such estimate shall be filed with the 
 officer authorized to receive other department estimates and the 
 same acted on by such officer and by the council of such city in 
 the same manner and with the same effect as other department 
 estimates. The council is also authorized, in its discretion, to in- 
 clude in such budget a sum for any of the purposes enumerated in 
 paragraph c of subdivision one of this section, and any further 
 amount for such purposes as may be authorized by a tax election 
 held in such city pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. After 
 the adoption of such budget the council shall cause the amount 
 thereof to be included in the tax and assessment roll of the city 
 and the same shall be collected in the same manner and at the same 
 time as other taxes of the city are collected, and placed to the credit 
 of the board of education. 
 
 7. In a city which had, according to the federal census of nine- 
 teen hundred and ten, a population of one million or more such 
 estimate shall be filed with the board of estimate and apportion- 
 ment. If the total amount requested in such estimate shall be 
 equivalent to or less than four and nine-tenths mills on every dollar 
 of assessed valuation of the real and personal property in such city 
 liable to taxation, the board of estimate and apportionment shall 
 appropriate such amount. If the total amount contained in such 
 estimate shall exceed the said sum of four and nine-tenths mills 
 on every dollar of assessed valuation of the real and personal property 
 in such city liable to taxation, such estimate shall, as to such excess, 
 be subject to such consideration and such action by the board of 
 estimate and apportionemnt, the board of aldermen, and the mayor 
 as that taken upon departmental estimates submitted to the board 
 of estimate and apportionment. The board of estimate and appor- 
 tionment is authorized to make additional appropriations for edu- 
 cational purposes authorized by this chapter. The general school 
 fund shall consist of all moneys raised for the payment of the salaries 
 of all persons employed in the supervising and teaching staff, in- 
 cluding the superintendent of schools and all associate, district and 
 
Laws of New York 23 
 
 other superintendents, members of the board of examiners, at- 
 tendance officers, supervisor of lectures, lecturers and director and 
 assistant director of the division of reference and research. The 
 special school fund shall contain and embrace all moneys raised 
 for educational purposes not comprised in the general school fund. 
 The general school fund shall be raised in bulk and for the city at 
 large. The board of education shall administer all moneys appro- 
 priated or available for educational purposes in the city, subject 
 to the provisions of law relating to the audit and payment of salaries 
 and other claims by the department of finance. 
 
 8. A board of education may, to meet emergencies which may 
 arise, submit a special estimate in which items for extraordinary 
 expenses may be submitted to meet such emergencies. Such es- 
 timate shall contain a complete statement of the purposes for which 
 the items are requested and the necessity therefor. The same 
 method of procedure shall be followed in submitting such estimate 
 and such estimate shall be subject to the same consideration and 
 action as is required in the submission, consideration and action 
 upon the regular annual estimate submitted by a board of educa- 
 tion. The common council in such a city shall have power to make 
 the appropriations requested by a board of education in such special 
 estimate. The common council of a city of the third class, the com- 
 mon council, the board of estimate and apportionment of a city of 
 the second class and, in a city having a population of four hundred 
 thousand or more and less than one million, according to the federal 
 census of nineteen hundred and ten, the council may temporarily 
 borrow the amount appropriated on city certificates of indebted- 
 ness or by the issuance of revenue bonds, or other municipal bonds, 
 which certificates of indebtedness or bonds shall be payable at 
 such time and in such manner as shall be provided by general laws 
 or the charter of such city for other certificates of indebtedness or 
 revenue bonds. 
 
 9. In cities in which the boundaries of the school district or 
 districts are not coterminous with the city boundaries and in which 
 the board of education, under the provisions of law existing at the 
 time of the passage of this act, is authorized to levy taxes for school 
 purposes, the board of education is hereby authorized and empowered 
 to prepare, fix and determine the education budget for all the pur- 
 poses set forth in this section, and said board of education shall 
 
24 Board op Education 
 
 levy and collect the necessary tax or taxes for all the purposes 
 specified in said budget in accordance with the provisions of the 
 education law. In the event the boundaries of said city or cities 
 are hereafter made coterminous with the school district boundaries 
 this provision shall no longer apply. 
 
 10. A board of education shall not incur a liability or an ex- 
 pense chargeable against the funds under its control or the city 
 for any purpose in excess of the amount appropriated or available 
 therefor or otherwise authorized by law. 
 
 11. In a city in which, under the statutes in effect prior to 
 the time of the taking effect of this act, it is provided that the es- 
 timate of expenditures for the support and maintenance of the 
 public schools of the city shall not be less than a specified per capita 
 sum, based on the number of pupils enrolled in the public schools 
 of the city, the amount authorized or required to be included in 
 the estimate of school expenditures as provided in this act shall not 
 be less than the per capita sum specified in such statute. 
 
 § 878. Tax election. 1. In a city having a population of less 
 than seventy-five thousand, according to the federal census of 
 nineteen hundred and ten, the board of education may call a tax 
 election, by giving notice thereof as notice is required under the 
 education law of an annual school election and submit to those 
 qualified to vote at such election a proposition to expend a sum of 
 money in excess of twenty-five thousand dollars for any of the 
 purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision one of section 
 eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter. The provisions 
 of law relating to and governing annual school elections, including 
 inspectors, notices, qualifications of voters, challenges, hours for 
 keeping polls open, penalties, canvass of votes, filing returns, sup- 
 plying ballots, and all other matters relating to an annual election 
 shall apply to and govern, so far as may be practicable, a tax elec- 
 tion except in a city in which the election of members of the board 
 of education is held at the general or municipal election. In such 
 cities the law applying to and governing such general or municipal 
 elections shall apply to and govern such tax election. 
 
 2. In such a city in which the members of the board of educa- 
 tion are elected at the general or municipal election, a tax election 
 for like purposes may be held by direction of the board of educa- 
 
Laws of New York 25 
 
 tion. The provisions of law regulating such general or municipal 
 elections in such cities shall apply to and govern the method of 
 calling and holding tax elections in said cities. 
 
 § 879. Bond issue. 1. When the common council or the voters 
 of a city authorize an appropriation to be raised by a tax in install- 
 ments for any of the purposes enumerated in paragraph c of sub- 
 division one of section eight hundred and seventy-seven of this 
 chapter, city bonds shall be issued in the same manner and under 
 the same provisions as other bonds are or may be issued by such 
 city. The principal and interest of such bonds shall be paid out of 
 moneys raised by tax therefor in the same manner as other school 
 moneys are raised, when such bonds and the interest thereon shall 
 become due and payable. In a city having a population of four 
 hundred thousand or more but less than one million, according to 
 the federal census of nineteen hundred and ten, such bonds shall 
 be issued by the council. 
 
 2. In a city of the second class and in a city of the first class 
 having a population of less than four hundred thousand, according 
 to the federal census of nineteen hundred and ten, the common 
 council and the board of estimate and apportionment or other 
 municipal authorities who were authorized and empowered under 
 the laws in force prior to the eighth day of June, nineteen hundred 
 and seventeen, to determine upon the necessity of issuing bonds 
 for any of the purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision 
 one of section eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter, 
 shall continue to possess such power and may authorize, issue and 
 sell bonds for any of the purposes so enumerated, in the same manner 
 and with the same force and effect as prior to the said eighth day 
 of June, nineteen hundred and seventeen. 
 
 3. In a city having a population of four hundred thousand or 
 more but less than one million, the council of such city may, by 
 a vote of four-fifths of its members, authorize from time to time 
 the issuance of bonds of said city to defray the expense of the con- 
 struction, improvement and equipment of school buildings or the 
 purchase or acquisition of school sites, which expense shall not 
 have been included in the budget, in such amounts and payable 
 at such times and places and having such rates of interest, not 
 exceeding six per centum per annum, as said council may determine, 
 interest to be paid semi-annually, said bonds, however, to be due in 
 
26 Board of Education 
 
 not more than fifty years from their date and to be sold for not less 
 than their par value and accrued interest. Such bonds may be 
 made payable in equal proportions during a number of successive 
 years not exceeding a period of fifty years from their issuance, as 
 the council shall determine. Such bonds shall be issued and sold 
 by the authorities of the city in the same manner that bonds for 
 other municipal purposes are issued and sold and the proceeds of 
 the sale of such bonds shall be paid into the treasury of the city 
 and placed to the credit of the board of education. As such bonds 
 become due the municipal authorities of the city shall include in 
 the tax levy, and assess upon the property of the city, the amount 
 necessary to pay such bonds and interest thereon. 
 
 4. In a city having a population of one million or more, the 
 board of estimate and apportionment may in its discretion annually 
 cause to be raised such sums of money as may be required for the 
 purposes enumerated in subdivision c of section eight hundred and 
 seventy-seven of this act, in the manner provided by law for the 
 raising of money for such purposes. 
 
 5. In a city in which the boundaries of the school district or 
 districts are not coterminous with the city boundaries, taxes may 
 be raised in installments and district bonds issued for any of the 
 purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision one of section 
 eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter, in the manner 
 provided and under the conditions prescribed by the education law 
 for the levy and collection of taxes in installments and the issue 
 and sale of bonds of union free school districts. 
 
 § 880. Funds; custody and disbursements of. 1. Public 
 moneys apportioned to a city by the state and all funds raised or 
 collected by the authorities of a city for school purposes or to be 
 used by the board of education for any purpose authorized in this 
 chapter, or any other funds belonging to a city and received from 
 any source whatsoever for similar purposes, shall be paid into the 
 treasury of such city and shall be credited to the board of education. 
 
 2. Such funds shall be disbursed only by authority of the 
 board of education and upon written orders drawn on the city 
 treasurer or other fiscal officer of the city. Such orders shall be 
 signed by the superintendent of schools and the secretary of the 
 board of education or such other officers as the board may authorize. 
 
Laws of New York 27 
 
 Such orders shall be numbered consecutively and shall specify the 
 purpose for which they are drawn and the person or corporation to 
 whom they are payable. 
 
 3. It shall be unlawful for a city treasurer or other officer 
 having the custody of city funds to permit the use of such funds 
 for any purpose other than that for which they are lawfully au- 
 thorized and such funds shall not be paid out except on audit of 
 the board of education and the countersignature of the comp- 
 troller, and in a city having no comptroller by an officer designated 
 by the officer or body having the general control of the financial 
 affairs of such city. The board of education of such city shall make, 
 in addition to such classification of its funds and accounts as it 
 desires for its own use and information, such further classification 
 of the funds under its management and control and of the dis- 
 bursements thereof as the comptroller of the city, or the officer or 
 body having the general control of the financial affairs of such city, 
 shall require, and such board shall furnish such data in relation to 
 such funds and their disbursements as the comptroller or such other 
 financial officer or body of the city shall require. 
 
 § 881. Continuation in office of boards, bureaus, teachers, 
 principals and other employees, et cetera. 1. Except as otherwise 
 provided herein the boards, bureaus, teachers, principals, super- 
 visors, superintendents, heads of departments, assistants to prin- 
 cipals, examiners, supervisor of lectures, directors and all other 
 officers and employees of the school system or of boards of educa- 
 tion of the several cities of the state, lawfully appointed or assigned 
 before this act takes effect, shall continue to hold their respective 
 positions for the term for which they were appointed or until re- 
 moved as provided in subdivision three of section eight hundred 
 and seventy-two of this article. 
 
 2. If a board of education abolishes an office or position and 
 creates another office or position for the performance of duties 
 similar to those performed in the office or position abolished, the 
 person filling such office or position at the time of its abolishment 
 shall be appointed to the office or position thus created without 
 reduction in salary or increment, provided the record of such person 
 has been one of faithful, competent service in the office or position 
 he has filled. 
 
28 Board of Education 
 
 3. If an office or position is abolished or if it is consolidated 
 with another position without creating a new position, the person 
 filling such position at the time of its abolishment or consolidation 
 shall be placed upon a preferred eligible fist of candidates for ap- 
 pointment to a vacancy that may thereafter occur in an office or 
 position similar to the one which such person filled without reduc- 
 tion in salary or increment, provided the record of such person 
 has been one of faithful, competent service in the office or position 
 he has filled. The names of such persons shall be placed upon such 
 preferred list in the order in which their services have been thus 
 discontinued. 
 
 EFFECT OF CITY SCHOOL LAW: REPEAL L. 1917 Ch. 786 
 
 § 2. City school district. Each city in which the school dis- 
 trict boundaries are coterminous with the city boundaries is hereby 
 declared to be a city school district. In a city in which the city 
 boundaries and the school district boundaries are not coterminous 
 the school district boundaries shall remain as they existed prior 
 to the time this act takes effect and until such time as such school 
 district boundaries may be changed as provided by law. In each 
 city where the school district boundaries are not coterminous with 
 the city boundaries the school district which contains the whole or 
 the greater portion of the inhabitants of the city shall be the city 
 school district of said city and shall be subject to the provisions 
 of this act. 
 
 § 3. Repeal of inconsistent provisions; effect of repeal. All 
 
 acts or parts of acts, general or special, inconsistent with the pro- 
 visions of this act are hereby repealed. The repeal of the acts 
 specified in the schedule hereto annexed, or of such inconsistent 
 acts or parts of such acts, shall not affect any right existing or ac- 
 crued or any liability incurred prior to the passage of this act, and 
 all acts or parts of acts, general or special, not specifically repealed 
 by this act and not inconsistent with the provisions of this act 
 shall remain in full force and effect. 
 
 § 4. Pending actions or proceedings; existing rules. The re- 
 peal of a law or any part of it specified in the annexed schedule and 
 any provision of this act shall not affect pending actions or pro- 
 ceedings brought by or against the board of education of a city, or 
 by or against a city, in respect to the public schools thereof, under 
 
By-Laws and Rules 29 
 
 or in pursuance of any of the provisions of the laws hereby repealed, 
 but the same may be prosecuted or defended in the same manner 
 and for the same purpose by the board of education of the city 
 under the provisions of this chapter as though such laws had not 
 been repealed. The rules and regulations adopted by a board of 
 education in pursuance of any law hereby repealed shall continue 
 in full force and effect notwithstanding such repeal, until the same 
 are modified, amended or repealed by the board of education as 
 provided in this chapter. Nothing in this act shall affect titles to 
 school property but such propert}^ may be held either in the name 
 of the city school district or of the board of education, as provided 
 in this act or in any other act relating to titles to such property. 
 
 § 5. Time of taking effect. This act shall take effect im- 
 mediately. 
 
 BY-LAWS AND RULES 
 
 of the Board of Education, Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 Preamble 
 
 As provided by law, the board of education shall have the power 
 and it shall be its duty to provide the necessary buildings, furniture, 
 equipment and conditions for an efficient system of public schools 
 for the City of Ithaca. It shall be responsible for the proper care, 
 extension, upkeep and safety of the same, shall employ the super- 
 vising and teaching staff, health and other employees necessary, 
 and prescribe rules and regulations for the same; and shall make 
 such further needful provisions as may seem necessary for an effi- 
 cient and satisfactory system of public education provided by law. 
 
 ARTICLE I 
 
 Officers, Organization and Meetings 
 
 Section 1. The Annual Meetings of the board of education 
 of the city of Ithaca, N. Y., shall be held on the second Tuesday 
 in May of each year, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon at which meeting 
 the board shall select a president for the ensuing year (§ 867, Laws 
 of 1917. 
 
30 Board of Education 
 
 § 2. The meeting shall be called to order by the secretary and, 
 after the appointment of a member of the board as temporary chair- 
 man, the board shall proceed to elect by ballot a president for the 
 ensuing year. A majority vote of all members of the board shall 
 be necessary to a choice. 
 
 § 3. The Regular Meetings of the board of education shall 
 be held on the first Tuesday evening of each month at 7 :30 o'clock, 
 in the office of the board of education. 
 
 § 4. Special Meetings may be called by the president by giving 
 the usual notice in writing at least twenty-four hours preceding 
 the date of such special meeting which notice shall state the busi- 
 ness to be considered at such special meeting. No business shall 
 be transacted at a special meeting other than that stated in the 
 notice herein provided excepting by unanimous consent of the board. 
 
 § 5. A Quorum for the transaction of ordinary routine busi- 
 ness shall consist of a majority of the members of the board. For 
 the election or dismissal of teachers or other school officers, and for 
 the amendment of these by-laws and rules, a majority vote of the 
 full membership of the board will be required. 
 
 ARTICLE II 
 
 Order of Business 
 
 Section 1. The Presiding Officer at each meeting of the board 
 of education shall be the president of said board, and it shall be 
 his duty to call the meeting to order at the appointed hour. In his 
 absence, the meeting shall be called to order by the secretary of 
 the board, and a president pro tern for the meeting chosen. 
 
 § 2. The Order of Business at each regular and adjourned 
 meeting of the board of education other than the annual meeting 
 provided for in Article 1, Section 1 hereof, shall be as follows: 
 
 Order of Business 
 
 1. The receipt of communications to the board of education 
 personally presented from other than members of said 
 board, and action thereon; 
 
 2. The reading, correcting, and approval of the minutes of the 
 previous meeting; 
 
 3. The receipt of communications and reports to the board 
 from the president, and action thereon; 
 
By-Laws and Rules 31 
 
 5. The receipt of communications and reports to the board 
 from standing committees and action thereon in the follow- 
 ing order: 
 
 (a) Finance committee, 
 
 ■ (b) Teachers and organization of schools, 
 
 (c) Buildings and sites, 
 
 (d) Books, apparatus, and printing, 
 
 (e) Supplies, fuel, fire-fighting equipment and furniture, 
 
 (f) Health and hygiene, 
 
 (g) Playgrounds, 
 
 (h) Residence and tuition; 
 
 6. The receipt of communications and reports from special 
 committees to the board and action thereon; 
 
 7. The consideration of unfinished business; 
 
 8. The consideration of miscellaneous business; 
 
 9. Adjournment. 
 
 No business shall be taken out of the above order at any regular 
 or adjourned meeting of the board of education without the unani- 
 mous consent of all members present. 
 
 ARTICLE III 
 
 Rules of Order 
 
 Section L All business shall be brought before the board of 
 education by a motion; all motions require a second. 
 
 § 2. All motions duly made and seconded shall be considered 
 in possession of the board and shall be reduced to writing when- 
 ever requested by a member. 
 
 § 3. It shall be the duty of every member to vote on all ques- 
 tions, motions, and resolutions submitted for action unless excused 
 by the board from so doing. 
 
 § 4. No member shall speak longer than ten minutes the first 
 time nor more than five memutes the second time upon the same 
 subject except by unanimous consent of the board; and no member 
 shall speak more than twice upon the same subject if the floor is 
 claimed by a member who has not spoken twice. 
 
 § 5. The president shall have a vote upon all questions be- 
 fore the board and whenever the vote shall be a tie, the question 
 shall be considered lost. As a member of the board, he shall also 
 
82 Board of Education 
 
 have the right to take part in the debate on any question under 
 consideration at his discretion, 
 
 § 6. The superintejident of schools shall "have a seat in the 
 board of education and the right to speak on all matters before 
 the board, but not to vote" (§ 870 Laws of 1917) 
 
 § 7. The yeas and nays shall always be taken and recorded 
 in the minutes of the board upon any question when demanded by 
 any member of said board. 
 
 § 8. All standing and special committees shall consist of three 
 MEMBERS each unless otherwise ordered by the board, and all such 
 committees shall be appointed by the president. 
 
 § 9. All Reports of the committees shall be in writing when 
 requested and shall be filed with the secretary of the board. All 
 such reports shall state substantially the facts appearing before 
 the committee. Reports recommending that action be taken by 
 the board shall terminate with a resolution. 
 
 § 10. Upon every matter reported to a committee, such com- 
 mittee shall meet for inquiry and deliberation and no report shall 
 be entertained by the board unless a majority of the committee 
 making the report shall have examined into the matter thus referred 
 and concurred in the report of the committee. All written reports 
 of the committees to the board of education shall be signed by the 
 concurring members. 
 
 § 11. At the time of making their reports upon matters reg- 
 ularly assigned to the different committees, such committees shall 
 return all communications, accounts, resolutions, and other papers 
 relating to the subject referred to them, and these documents shall 
 become the property of the board of education and be turned over 
 to the secretary of the board to be filed by him. 
 
 § 12. Original papers shall not be removed from the files of 
 the board of education and loaned to persons for any purpose what- 
 soever without the order of the board of education or a court order; 
 but any tax payer may, upon request, examine the records of the 
 board of education at the office of said board. 
 
 § 13. When a question is pending before the board, no motion 
 shall be received excepting the following: — 
 
 a. to fix the time to which to adjourn, 
 
 b. to adjourn, 
 
 c. to. take a recess, 
 
By-Laws and Rules 33 
 
 d. to postpone indefinitely, 
 
 e. to postpone to a certain date, 
 
 f. to lay on the table, 
 
 g. to amend, 
 
 h. to refer or re-commit, 
 which motions shall have precedence as they stand arranged and 
 a, &, c, f, are not debatable. The previous question may be moved 
 whenever the question is debatable including d, e, g, and h. 
 
 § 14. Robert's Rules of Order shall be the book of reference 
 upon all questions of parliamentary law not herein provided for, 
 and these shall be the rules of the board in so far as the same are 
 apphcable. 
 
 ARTICLE IV 
 Duties of the President 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at 
 all meetings of the board of education, to receive all communica- 
 tions presented to said board, to sign all documents on its behalf 
 unless otherwise ordered by the board, to enforce these by-laws and 
 rules of order and to appoint a secretary pro tempore (in the ab- 
 sence of the secretary) ; 
 
 § 2. To call a special meeting of the board of education when- 
 ever he considers it necessary or when requested in writing by 
 three or more members of the board to do so, by giving notice in 
 writing to each member at least twenty-four hours preceding the 
 date of such meeting, said notice to contain a statement of the 
 business for which the special meeting is called; 
 
 § 3. As soon as practicable after his election, unless other- 
 wise ordered by the board, to appoint the following standing com- 
 mittees, each to consist of three members : (a) Finance; (b) Teachers, 
 examinations, and organization of schools; (c) Buildings, sites, and 
 repairs; (d) Books, apparatus, and printing; (e) Supplies, fuel, 
 fire-fighting equipment, and furniture; (f) Health and hygiene; (g) 
 Playgrounds; (h) Residence and tuition. 
 
 ARTICLE V 
 
 Duties of the Secretary 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the secretary of the board of 
 education, or in his absence, the secretary pro tempore, to keep an 
 
34 Board of Education 
 
 accurate record of its proceedings with the names of its members 
 present at each meeting, and to pubhsh the same or a portion thereof, 
 in such papers of the city as the board shall from time to time direct ; 
 
 § 2. At every meeting of the board of education, to have a 
 list of unfinished business in the order of its introduction which he 
 shall read without the formality of a motion when unfinished busi- 
 ness is in order; 
 
 § 3. To send a written notice of all meetings to all members 
 of the board of education, countersign all drafts upon the treasurer 
 authorized by the board, make out and submit all reports required 
 by law to be made to any other body or person at the time or within 
 the period prescribed by law, and transmit the same to the proper 
 authorities; 
 
 § 4. To keep the financial accounts of the board and check 
 the same with the treasurer, receive the tuition of non-resident 
 pupils, collect the laboratory fees, and turn the same over to the 
 treasurer, taking his receipt therefor; 
 
 § 5. To have charge of all school supplies and of their distri- 
 bution ; seeing to it that no supplies are sent to any school excepting 
 upon the written requisition of a supervisor, principal, or head of a 
 department duly approved by the superintendent of schools; and 
 keeping a supply account with each school which shall show what 
 supplies, the quantity, and when sent, and submitting the same to 
 the superintendent; 
 
 § 6. To keep a petty account of the expenses of his office in 
 a book exclusively used for this purpose which petty account shall 
 be audited in the same manner as the other bills of the board; and 
 
 § 7. In addition to the above duties, to acknowledge the re- 
 ceipt of all communications and report the disposition of the same, 
 and perform such other clerical duties as may from time to time be 
 required of him by the board of education or by the superintendent 
 of schools. 
 
 ARTICLE VI 
 Duties of the Treasurer 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the treasurer to receive all 
 moneys from the city chamberlam, county treasurer, board of 
 regents, the secretary of the board of education, and from all other 
 bodies or persons having to do with funds to be used for public 
 
By-Laws and Rules 35 
 
 school purposes; and to deposit the same immediately in such 
 bank or banks in the city of Ithaca, N. Y., as may be designated 
 by the board of education; 
 
 § 2. To pay out moneys received by him for the support of 
 the public schools only upon the receipt of drafts authorized by the 
 board of education signed by its president and countersigned by 
 its secretary, all such payments to be made by checks consecutively 
 numbered ; 
 
 § 3. To make a monthly report in writmg to the board of all 
 moneys received and disbursed by him on its account, together 
 with a statement of the amount of each separate fund still in his 
 hands at the time the statement is made, and at the end of his official 
 term, to settle with the board and to pay over to his successor in 
 office to the credit of the board all moneys remaining in his hands 
 and subject to his order, together with all books, papers, and other 
 documents or records pertaining thereto in his possession; 
 
 § 4. To compare his books each month with the financial ac- 
 counts kept by the secretary of the board; and to furnish a bond 
 for the faithful performance of his duties m such sums as may be 
 designated by said board; 
 
 § 5. In addition to the above, to perform such other duties 
 relating to the financial transactions of the board as may from time 
 to time be assigned to him by said board or by the superintendent 
 of schools. 
 
 ARTICLE VII 
 
 The Finance Committee 
 
 Section L It shall be the duty of the finance committee to 
 have supervision over all the fiscal concerns of the board including 
 (a) the preparation of the tax roll and settlement with the city 
 chamberlain, (b) the examination and approval of the books of the 
 treasurer and of the secretary, (c) the checking of the monthly bills 
 against the board presented from its standing committees and from 
 all other sources, and (d) the publication of the monthly audits in 
 at least one newspaper published in the city of Ithaca; 
 
 § 2. In co-operation with the superintendent of schools, to pre- 
 pare an itemized estimate or budget for the current or ensuing 
 fiscal year of such sum of money as it may deem necessary for the 
 payment of salaries of superintendent, supervisors, teachers, lee- 
 
36 Board of Education 
 
 turers, special instructors, medical inspectors, nurses, attendance 
 officer, janitors, assistant secretaries, treasurer, and all other em- 
 ployees of the board; for buildings and repairs, fuel and light, 
 water, supplies, text and library books, apparatus, furniture, fix- 
 tures, office supplies, and all other expenses deemed necessary for 
 the efficient and satisfactory operation of a system of schools and 
 authorized by law; and file the same not later than the first day of 
 September of each year for the consideration of the board; (§ 877, 
 Laws of 1917) ; and in connection with the budget which shall be 
 definite in its assignments to each committee, to advise the board 
 of the total assessed valuation of the property of the city subject 
 to taxation for school purposes and to recommend the tax rate; 
 
 § 3. To see that the buildings used for school purposes, the 
 furniture, apparatus, books, pictures, statuary, musical instruments, 
 and other property belonging to or used in the public schools under 
 the supervision of the board are kept insured in reliable companies 
 in such amounts as to reasonably protect the board from undue 
 loss by fire; 
 
 § 4. At the regular meeting in October to make a report of 
 the financial transactions during the preceding year ending July 
 31, showing in detail the receipts from all sources for the support 
 of the public schools and the expenditures under all general head- 
 ings required by law or otherwise to summarize the business of the 
 board; and closing with a statement showing the amount of in- 
 surance upon the buildings and other physical property of the school 
 district, the amount of indebtedness of the board, its resources, 
 and such other items as will give to each member a full and com- 
 plete knowledge of the actual financial condition relating to all or 
 any of the pubhc schools under the supervision of the board; 
 
 § 5. Whenever it shall become necessary to obtain a loan for 
 the payment of bills against the board, to report to the board with 
 recommendation regarding the same, and no loan shall be obtained 
 in the name of the board which has not first been authorized by 
 said board upon recommendation of the finance committee. When- 
 ever such loan is so authorized, it shall be the duty of the finance 
 committee to make the same and report back to the board, the 
 amount and terms thereof; 
 
 § 6. To keep a record of all loans made to the board whether 
 by bond issue or otherwise, to provide for their payment and for 
 
By-Laws and Rules 37 
 
 the payment of the interest thereon, and to see that no bill is paid 
 against the board until the same has been approved and signed by 
 some member of the committee having jurisdiction. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII 
 
 Committee on Teachers, Examinations, and Organization 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on teachers, 
 examinations, and organization of schools to ascertain the qualifi- 
 cations of all applicants recommended by the superintendent of 
 schools for positions as teachers in the various schools or any of 
 them under the supervision of the board of education and from 
 such applicants thus recommended to select and report to the board 
 of education not later than the regular meeting in June such num- 
 ber of new teachers for the ensuing year as the work of instruction 
 in the various schools and departments may require; and to see to 
 it that no person shall be so recommended who does not meet the 
 requirements as to certification to teach in the schools of the state 
 as provided in § 551, Article 20, page 164 of the education law, 
 edition of 1918 until the same shall be amended; 
 
 § 2. To suspend any teacher who shall violate the rules and 
 regulations of the board and the directions of the superintendent 
 of schools, or whose example or influence is prejudicial to the cause 
 of public education in this city; but all such suspensions shall be 
 reported at the next regular meeting of the board and shall be sub- 
 ject to its approval; 
 
 § 3. In conjunction with the superintendent of schools to pre- 
 pare and submit to the board for its approval such rules and regula- 
 tions as may from time to time seem necessary to secure the most 
 effective instruction and discipline in the various schools or de- 
 partments especially with reference to supervision, the arrange- 
 ment of classes, the courses of study, the time schedule, the daily 
 programs, the order and decorum of pupils and their constant and 
 punctual attendance; 
 
 § 4. To consider and decide cases of discipline reported to 
 them by the superintendent of schools arising from the enforcement 
 of the rules and regulations of the board or from his directions, 
 and to hear appeals from his decision taken by teachers, or by 
 parents; 
 
38 Board of Education 
 
 § 5. To RESTORE or SUSPEND or EXPEL refractory pupils from 
 any school as the necessity of the case may demand. All cases of 
 discipline may be appealed from the decision of the committee to 
 the board, but no such appeal shall be considered unless the same 
 shall be made in writing, specifying the grounds therefor. 
 
 ARTICLE IX 
 
 Committee on Building, Sites and Repairs 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on buildings, 
 sites, and repairs, to have the general supervision of the buildings 
 used for the purpose of the public schools, and from time to time 
 to report to the board on the expediency of building, altering, re- 
 pairing or improving any of them or the grounds connected there- 
 with ; 
 
 § 2. At the regular meeting in June, to make a report with a 
 statement of the repairs and improvements which should be made 
 during the summer vacation; 
 
 § 3. To appoint, upon the recommendation of the superintend- 
 ent of schools, the necessary janitors, janitresses, engineers, care- 
 takers, and other help necessary to properly care for each and all 
 of the buildings used for school purposes including the heating, 
 lighting, and ventilating of the same, and to report all such appoint- 
 ments to the board of education at its next meeting; 
 
 § 4. To recommend to the board the necessary heating and 
 ventilating apparatus needed for the proper heating and ventilating 
 of the various school buildings; and to see that all such apparatus 
 is annually inspected and put into proper repair during the summer 
 vacation and that the same is kept in repair at all times. 
 
 ARTICLE X 
 
 Committee on Books, Apparatus, and Printing 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on books, 
 apparatus and printing, upon the recommendation of the super- 
 intendent of schools, to recommend to the board the appointment 
 of a librarian and such assistants as in its judgment the work re- 
 quires; and to hold such librarian when so appointed responsible 
 for the care of all reference and text books, maps, charts, pictures, 
 
By-Laws and Rules 39 
 
 stereographs, balopticons, motion picture machines, or other pro- 
 jection apparatus used for visual instruction, and all views and 
 slides used in any and all of the public schools; 
 
 § .2. To recommend for the use of the pupils in the public 
 schools of the City of Ithaca and for its library from lists prepared 
 under the direction of and recommended by the superintendent of 
 schools such books as in the judgment of the committee are neces- 
 sary for the successful prosecution of the course of study approved 
 by the board of education, (§ 870, paragraph 3, Laws of 1917); 
 
 § 3. To cause the books thus adopted to be properly catalogued 
 and recorded, to adopt rules for the guidance of teachers and pupils 
 regarding their care, and to cause the entire book plant during the 
 summer vacation to be annually overhauled, cleaned, repaired, 
 worthless books discarded, and the books made usable and ample 
 for the work of the schools; 
 
 § 4. To approve and recommend the purchase from lists pre- 
 pared under the direction of and with the recommendation of the 
 superintendent of schools of such school apparatus including maps, 
 charts, globes, science and other apparatus, as in the judgment of 
 the committee seems necessary for the proper and efficient carrying 
 out of the courses of study adopted by the board together with the 
 care of and necessary repairs to the same; 
 
 § 5. To secure competitive bids for the printing of the course 
 of study, and of the report of the public schools, and to authorize, 
 when such printing is not done in the school print shop, the printing 
 of administration blanks, report and record cards required for the 
 complete record of the work of pupils, programs, handbooks, con- 
 tract blanks, reports to parents, to state and national officials, 
 material needed for the work of the various standing or special 
 committees, and such other printing as in the judgment of the com- 
 mittee seems necessary. 
 
 ARTICLE XI 
 
 Committee on Supplies, Fuel, Furniture, Fire-fighting Equipment 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on supplies, 
 fuel, furniture, and fire-fighting equipment, upon the recommenda- 
 tion of the superintendent of schools to recommend to the board 
 of education the purchase of pupils' and teachers' desks, tables, 
 chairs, bookcases, supply cases, drawing tables, and such other 
 
40 Board of Education 
 
 furniture as in the judgment of the committee the proper equipping 
 of the schools for efficient work demands; 
 
 § 2. To purchase from the list prepared under the direction 
 and upon the recommendation of the superintendent of schools 
 such supplies as in its judgment are needed for efficient work in the 
 schools under the supervision of the board and not provided for as 
 a part of the duties of any other committee; 
 
 § 3. To recommend to the board the necessary fire-fighting 
 equipment for the proper protection of the various buildings, to 
 see that during the summer vacation all such equipment is annually 
 inspected and put into proper repair for use at the opening of school 
 in September, and to see to it that all such equipment is kept in 
 proper repair at all times; 
 
 § 4. To purchase the necessary fuel for the various buildings 
 used for school purposes, and to provide for the light and power 
 used in the operation of the whole school plant. 
 
 ARTICLE XII 
 
 Committee on Health and Hygiene 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on health and 
 hygiene to see that the various buildings used for school purposes 
 are kept in a condition not prejudicial to the health of pupils re- 
 quired to attend therem, and to see that at least once in each year 
 all buildings have been thoroughly cleaned as provided in the regu- 
 lations for janitors, and that the buildings are properly fumigated 
 whenever there seems to be need of such precaution for safeguarding 
 the health of pupils; 
 
 § 2. To see that all schools are provided through the committee 
 having jurisdiction with sanitary drinking fountains, liquid soap, 
 paper towels, hot and cold water, and with adequate and sanitary 
 toilet facilities; 
 
 § 3. In conjunction with the superintendent of schools, to 
 recommend to the board a medical inspector, school and dental 
 nurses in conformity to the general education law of the state, to 
 provide the necessary supplies and apparatus to make the work ef- 
 fective and to have general oversight of the work of this department; 
 
 § 4. To see that the law regarding medical inspection, the 
 vaccination of school children, the quarantine regulations of the 
 
By-Laws and Rules 41 
 
 public health law, and such laws as relate to the exclusion from 
 public schools of children having contagious diseases are properly- 
 observed, to adopt regulations to make its duties effective as out- 
 lined in this section. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII 
 
 Playgrounds 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the playground committee 
 to have charge of the playgrounds in connection with the work of 
 the public schools and to be charged with their supervision, care, 
 and the care of the apparatus belonging thereto; 
 
 § 2, To purchase such apparatus and make such improvements 
 as it deems for the best interests and essential for the development 
 of the school playgrounds; 
 
 § 3. Upon the recommendation of the superintendent of schools 
 to appoint the necessary instructors, assistants and helpers for the 
 work during the summer vacation. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV 
 
 Residence and Tuition 
 
 The committee on residence and tuition shall examine into all 
 claims for free tuition from pupils who are supposed to be non- 
 residents but claim to be residents or who are over twenty-one 
 years of age and whose parents are either non-residents or are not 
 tax payers, and determine whether such claimants are liable to tuition 
 charges. 
 
 ARTICLE XV 
 
 Qualifications, Appointment, and Duties of the 
 Superintendent of Schools 
 
 Section 1. The board shall appoint a superintendent of schools 
 who shall at the time of his appointment be a graduate of a college 
 or university approved by The University of the State of New 
 York, and who shall have in addition thereto pedagogical training 
 equal to that given by the normal schools of this state, and who 
 shall have had not less than five years of successful experience in 
 actual teaching or supervising in the public schools since graduation 
 in this or in some other state. (See § 869, Laws of 1917.) 
 
42 Board of Education 
 
 § 2. The superintendent of schools shall hold office during 
 the pleasure of the board or during the specific term for which he 
 may have been appointed. He may be dismissed at any time for 
 incompetency, maladministration, or misconduct in office. Charges 
 against the superintendent shall be made in writing duly signed, of 
 which he shall have a copy, whereupon the board shall hear such 
 charges and, if they are sustained, may by an affirmative vote of a 
 majority of the full board with the approval of the State Commis- 
 sioner of Education dismiss him from office. He shall have a seat 
 in the board of education and the right to speak on all matters 
 before the board, but no vote. 
 
 § 3. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of schools as 
 the chief executive officer of the board and the educational system, 
 to enforce all the provisions of school law and the rules and regula- 
 tions of the board relating to the management of the schools, and 
 other educational, social and recreational activities under the di- 
 rection of the board of education and to make such temporary 
 regulations as will in his judgment make the laws and rules effective; 
 
 § 4. To have complete supervision over the public schools of 
 the city, the care and use of the several school buildings, premises 
 and appurtenances, and all school property contained therein, in 
 accordance with the general education law and the regulations of 
 the board, and be responsible therefor; 
 
 § 5. To prepare the contents of each course of study authorized 
 by the board of education for the various schools and grades or de- 
 partments, to submit the same to the board of education for its ap- 
 proval, and when thus approved to cause such courses of study to 
 be used in the various grades, schools, classes, and departments for 
 which they are authorized; 
 
 § 6. To recommend to the proper committee suitable text- 
 books, reference books, supplies, and school apparatus which in his 
 judgment are necessary for most effectively putting into operation 
 the various courses of study authorized by the board and to call 
 to his assistance for this purpose any of his teachers or to visit and 
 inspect at the expense of the board other school systems to this end; 
 
 § 7. To have supervision and direction of all supervisors, 
 principals, teachers, librarians, lecturers, medical inspectors, nurses, 
 auditors, attendance officers, janitors, and other persons employed 
 in the management of the schools or the educational activities of 
 
By-Laws and Rules 43 
 
 the city authorized by law and under the direction and manage- 
 ment of the board of education (§ 870, paragraph 4, Laws of 1917); 
 to see that the employees of the board observe its regulations and 
 to report any violations of the same; 
 
 § 8. To transfer teachers from one school to another, or from 
 one grade of the course of study to another grade in such course, 
 to prescribe their work, to suspend a supervisor, expert, principal, 
 teacher or other employee of the board for reasons which he deems 
 satisfactory until the next meeting of the board when all facts 
 relative to the case shall be submitted to the board for its considera- 
 tion and action (§ 870, paragraph 4, Laws of 1919) ; 
 
 § 9. To issue upon examination such licenses to teachers, 
 principals, directors, and other members of the teaching and super- 
 vising staff as may be required under the regulations of the board 
 of education in addition to the minimum qualifications required by 
 the state; to examine and promote pupils; and to conduct the re- 
 gents examinations in accordance with the rules governing the same 
 (§ 870, paragraph 6, Laws of 1919); 
 
 § 10. To recommend to the board through the proper com- 
 mittee all supervisors, principals, teachers, lecturers, librarians, 
 medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, clerks, janitors, and other 
 educational experts and employees of the board in any and all 
 schools, grades, and departments, having first inquired into and 
 ascertained their qualification and fitness for the positions for which 
 they are recommended; 
 
 § 11. To provide blanks for registers and reports, to have 
 charge of their distribution to teachers for their use and for the 
 keeping thereof, to see that the registers are adapted to show the 
 attendance of each pupil in the schools, the number of those in 
 constant attendance, and those who are not, and to require from 
 supervisors, principals, or other employees of the board of education 
 such reports and information as will give him the information needed 
 for the recommendation of teachers for permanent appointment or 
 for state and government reports or for other administrative pur- 
 poses; 
 
 § 12. To ascertain from time to time in connection with the 
 proper committee whether the school districts are divided as far 
 as may be for the convenience of all pupils attending the several 
 schools, and report to the board such changes in the district boun- 
 
44 Board of Education 
 
 daries as may seem likely to improve the classification or lessen 
 the expense of maintaining the schools without decreasing their 
 efficiency; 
 
 § 13. To transfer a pupil from one school to the corresponding 
 grade of another when in his judgment it is wise because of illness 
 or other definite and tangible reason, filing a record of such transfer 
 with the reasons therefor; 
 
 § 14. To give attention to all cases of misconduct reported to 
 him by supervisors, principals, and teachers upon the part of pupils, 
 and to hear and decide appeals taken by pupils or their parents 
 from the decision or action of supervisors, principals, teachers, or 
 other employees of the board (appeals from the decision of the 
 superintendent may be taken to the committee having jurisdiction, 
 or may be carried to the board) ; 
 
 § 15. To keep a record of his official acts which shall be open 
 to inspection at all times by the board or by any of its committees; 
 
 § 16. To prepare, or cause to be prepared and to submit at 
 each regular meeting of the board monthly reports as follows : 
 
 (a) of the work of supervisors ; 
 
 (b) of principals showing the attendance of pupils and 
 
 teachers, and such other information relating to the 
 work, care and condition of the schools or of any of 
 them or of the school buildings as he may deem 
 advisable; 
 
 (c) of librarians : 
 
 (d) of the secretary of the school census and com- 
 
 pulsory attendance; 
 
 (e) of the medical inspectors and school nurse; 
 
 (f) of the dental nurse; 
 
 (g) of the open air work ; 
 (h) of the atypical work; 
 
 (i) of the care of the various school buildings; 
 § 17. To submit at the regular meeting in October a general 
 report of the schools for the preceding year in which shall be ex- 
 hibited in detail the condition and prospects of the schools and 
 the state of education in the city generally and to which shall be 
 added such statistics and other information as he may deem, im- 
 portant including an abstract of the monthly reports of supervisors 
 and teachers and other employees of the board above mentioned 
 
By-Laws and Rules 45 
 
 together with such recommendations for changes, improvements, 
 extensions of the work in any school, grade or department as he 
 may deem for the best interests of the children of the city; 
 
 § 18. To have charge of and be responsible for the text and 
 reference books in use in the various schools of the city under the 
 direction of the board, including the proper cataloguing, recording, 
 repairing, and replacing the same with additions thereto; and 
 with the approval of the cotiimittee having jurisdiction to appoint 
 a librarian and assistants for carrying into effect the purpose of 
 this section; 
 
 § 19. To call a meeting of all the supervisors, principals, 
 teachers, and other educational experts engaged in the public schools 
 of this city or in any of them, on the first Monday of the first week 
 of the school year, and as often thereafter as he may deem desirable 
 for the purpose of giving instruction in administration, the methods 
 of teaching, school management, and in other matters pertaining 
 to the work of the schools or any of them or to education generally. 
 
 § 20. He may with the approval of the teachers committee 
 attend the annual meetings of the State Teachers Association, the 
 State Council of School Superintendents, the National Educational 
 Association, if held east of the Rocky Mountains, and the meeting of 
 the Department of Superintendents of the N. E. A., the expense of 
 attending these meetings to be borne by the board of education. He 
 may also under the same conditions visit other cities for the purpose 
 of studying their methods of instruction, administration, buildings, 
 and equipment. 
 
 § 21. For the effective carrying out of these duties and to 
 aid in the discharging of these responsibilities, the superintendent 
 of schools may, with the approval of the finance committee, appoint 
 a Financial Secretary, a Secretary of School Census and Attendance, 
 an Office Secretary, a Telephone Operator, and other needed clerical 
 help, and prescribe their duties. 
 
 ARTICLE XVI 
 
 Payment of Salaries 
 
 Section 1. The salaries of the superintendent, supervisors, 
 principals, teachers, and school nurse, shall be paid in twenty equal 
 installments; those of the other employees not engaged in the care 
 
46 Board of Education 
 
 of buildings in twenty-two equal installments; and those of the 
 caretaker, engineer, and janitors in twenty-four equal installments, 
 unless otherwise ordered by the board. 
 
 § 2. The pay roll shall be presented to the board for action 
 thereon at the first meeting after the close of each school month. 
 The pay roll shall show the names of all persons mentioned in section 
 one of this article, the annual salary of each, and the amount to be 
 paid each month. 
 
 § 3. When the pay roll is properly certified to by the proper 
 committee, the president and secretary may sign a voucher direct- 
 ing the treasurer to pay the same, preceding the Thanksgiving, 
 Christmas, Easter, and summer vacations, and in the middle of 
 each month. 
 
 ARTICLE XVII 
 
 Alterations and Amendments 
 
 These by-laws and rules may be altered or amended at any 
 regular meeting of the board of education by a vote of the majority 
 of all the members of said board, providing that one month's notice 
 of the proposed alteration or amendment has been given in writing 
 at some previous meeting of the board when opportunity has been 
 given for full discussion. 
 
 Unanimously adopted May 6, 1919. 
 
 SCHOOL REGULATIONS 
 
 ARTICLE I 
 
 Classifications, Teachers, Schools 
 
 Section 1. The public schools shall be classified as follows, 
 each grade including the studies of one year: 
 
 Elementary, including the kindergarten and the first, second, 
 third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh "B"* years. 
 
 Secondary, including the seventh "A", eighth, ninth, tenth, 
 eleventh and twelfth years if located in the high and grammar 
 school building. 
 
 § 2. Classification of teachers: Titles. The various persons 
 comprising the supervising and instructing staff of the Ithaca Public 
 
 *"B" attached to a year means the first term of the year; "A" means the 
 second term of the year. 
 
School Regulations 47 
 
 Schools shall be classified as follows: 1. Supervising staff, consist- 
 ing of a superintendent of schools, a first assistant, a supervisor of 
 writing and spelling, a supervisor of drawing and nature study, a 
 supervisor of music, a supervisor of physical education and a librarian ; 
 2. Heads of Schools, consisting of the head teachers of the various 
 schools, to be designated as follows, — in the senior high school as 
 The Senior Headmaster, in the junior high school as The Junior 
 Headmaster, in the elementary schools as Principals; 3. Heads of 
 Departments, consisting of teachers designated as Heads of Depart- 
 ments for the following work, — Industrial Arts, Household Arts, 
 English, History, Science, Mathematics, Foreign Languages, Com- 
 mercial, Instrumental music and Special Classes; 4. Class Teachers, 
 etc. All other teachers, substitutes and assistants in all departments 
 in all schools not included under the above heads shall be known 
 and designated as an assistant, class or substitute teacher. 
 
 ARTICLE II 
 
 Terms, Holidays and Sessions 
 
 Section 1 The school year. The school year shall consist 
 of forty weeks and shall be divided as nearly as possible into two 
 semesters of twenty weeks each. 
 
 § 2. The first semester. The first semester shall commence 
 on the first Monday in September, and shall continue through the 
 January examinations about twenty weeks exclusive of a vacation 
 of one or two weeks, as the case may be, which will include both 
 Christmas and New Year's Day. 
 
 § 3. The second semester. The second semester shall com- 
 mence on the Monday succeeding the close of the first semester 
 and continue twenty weeks (more or less as the first semester is 
 more or less) exclusive of a vacation of one week at Easter, which 
 vacation shall begin on the Wednesday before Easter Sunday and 
 close on the Tuesday following. 
 
 § 4. The holidays. The holidays included in the semester 
 are every Saturday, Labor Day, Thanksgiving day and the day 
 following, Washington's birthday, Lincoln's birthday, and Decora- 
 tion day. 
 
 § 5. Dismissal of school. No school shall be dismissed for any 
 purpose except in case of cold (see Art. vi § 13) or of an emergency 
 that will not admit of delay, without the consent of the superintendent. 
 
48 Board of Education 
 
 if he is in the city, or of the teachers committee, or of the board of edu- 
 cation, and in the above order. 
 
 § 6. Session in secondary grades. The morning session of 
 the secondary grades shall begin every day at 8:40 o'clock and 
 end at 11:45, and the afternoon session shall begin at 1:14 and end 
 at 4:15, the last period to be used for study, making up work, regu- 
 lar class recitation, laboratory, for student activities, and council 
 work as the superintendent may direct. 
 
 § 7. Sessions in the elementary grades. In the elementary 
 schools, not held in the main building, the morning session shall 
 begin at 8:55 o'clock and end at 11:40, and the afternoon session 
 shall begin at 1:10 and end at 3:45. If held in the main building, 
 the hours will be the same as those mentioned in § 6 above. 
 Teachers of first and second year pupils may commence dismissing 
 their classes ten minutes before the time above specified for closing. 
 First grade pupils are not to be in school more than three and one-half 
 hours during the entire day excepting by permission of the superin- 
 tendent (see Article VI, § 2). 
 
 § 8. The first bell. In those schools still equipped with a bell, 
 the ''first bell" in the morning shall ring at 8:40, and the second 
 shall commence ringing at 8:50 and continue to ring for two minutes. 
 The first bell in the afternoon shall ring at 12:50, and the second 
 shall commence at 1 :05 and continue to ring for two minutes — the 
 University clock to be the standard time. 
 
 ARTICLE III 
 
 Admission of Pupils 
 
 Section 1. Non-resident pupils. Non-resident pupils, (pupils 
 whose parents or guardians do not live in Ithaca), may be admitted 
 to any school for which they are qualified, by paying tuition in 
 advance for each quarter, to the secretary of the board of education 
 at the following rates : 
 Secondary pupils (grades 9-12) : 
 Tompkins County: 
 
 Senior high school, $60.00 per year, $15.00 per quarter 
 Junior high school, $50.00 per year, $12.50 per quarter. 
 Outside of County students: 
 
 Senior high school, $100.00 per year, $25.00 per quarter. 
 Junior high school, $60.00 per year, $15.00 per quarter. 
 
School Regulations 49 
 
 Secondary pupils (grades 7 and 8) $40.00 per year, $10.00 per quarter. 
 Elementary schools, $20.00 per year, $5.00 per quarter. 
 
 § 2. Suspension for non-payment. No pupil shall be allowed 
 to continue in school, whose tuition is not paid within four weeks 
 from the time it becomes due, as above provided. 
 
 § 3. Refunding tuition. Allowance shall be made only in 
 case of sickness or other unavoidable necessity, and then only for 
 that portion of absence in excess of two conseciitive weeks. 
 
 § 4. Fifth year. For the fifth year, non-resident pupils attend- 
 ing the high school who have failed to graduate in four years will 
 be charged $75 for the fifth year's tuition if residents of the county, 
 and $100 for the sixth year, unless such failure to graduate is for 
 causes beyond the pupil's control; if living outside of Tompkins 
 County, the tuition for the fifth year will be $150 and $200 for the 
 sixth year. 
 
 § 5. Age of pupils at entrance. Pupils who are not five years 
 of age at the opening of school in September or whose fifth birthday 
 does not come before the Thanksgiving recess, will not be admitted 
 to the schools. Pupils over five years of age who enter after the 
 beginning of the year must be prepared to join classes already formed. 
 
 ARTICLE IV 
 
 Inspection and Supervision 
 
 Section 1. First duties. It is the duty of all supervisors to 
 furnish the superintendent in writing with a monthly plan of their 
 work; to ascertain by inspection, by examination, and by conduct- 
 ing occasional recitations in the various grades whether or not each 
 teacher under their supervision is doing the work outlined in the 
 course of studj'' thoroughly and in accordance with good pedagogic 
 practice; and to report to the superintendent in writing any defect 
 or practice on the part of any teacher which interferes with the 
 "effective, efficient and satisfactory service" required by law. 
 
 § 2. Planning work — office hours.' When not engaged in 
 teaching or supervision, supervisors are required to devote their entire 
 time in supervising and planning for the work over which they have 
 been placed and for which they are responsible. It is recommended 
 that they have regular office hours on Thursday or Friday from 
 3:30 to 4:30 each week. 
 
 § 3. Grade meetings. For the purpose of developing a high 
 
50 Board of Education 
 
 degree of efficiency in the work under their special direction, super- 
 visors shall hold grade faculty meetings as directed by the super- 
 intendent of schools. At these meetings methods of instruction, 
 questions of correlation of studies, cooperation with associates, 
 classroom and playground management, the relation of the teachers 
 to the school and to the community, criticism of work observed, 
 and similar questions will be discussed by the supervisors with the 
 teachers. 
 
 § 4. Class teaching. In addition to their work of supervision, 
 supervisors are required to regularly instruct classes in the secondary 
 grades in their special subjects or allied subjects. 
 
 § 5. Reports, etc. Supervisors shall make an annual report 
 to the superintendent in writing setting forth the work accomplished 
 during the year, and such other reports as may be necessary to 
 fulfil legal requirements or as he may deem expedient. 
 
 § 6. Course of study, etc. They shall assist in the revision of 
 the course of study, with the annual exhibition of school work when- 
 ever one is held, and shall bring to the attention of the superintend- 
 ent any information concerning any phase of school work, adminis- 
 tration, or discipline which they possess and which he should know 
 for the general betterment of the schools. 
 
 § 7. Jurisdiction. The supervisor of instruction, shall have 
 authority over the subject-matter and method in academic work 
 throughout the grades and junior high school (kind, to 9 grade in- 
 clusive); the supervisor of penmanship and spelling over the same 
 field as the supervisor of instruction and in collaboration with her; 
 the supervisor of music over all subject-matter and method in vocal 
 music throughout the school system; the supervisor of drawing 
 over all subject-matter and method in drawing throughout the school 
 system excepting the mechanical drawing of the industrial arts 
 department; the supervisor of physical education over the work 
 of physical education throughout the school system — all under the 
 direction of the superintendent of schools who may extend or abridge 
 the above duties in the case of any supervisor. 
 
 § 8. Schedule of work. Supervisors are required to make out 
 a schedule showing when and where their grade meetings with 
 teachers are to be held ; also the days when they will be at the vari- 
 ous schools. These are to be worked out by all supervisors working 
 as a committee to avoid confficts and duplications, a copy of such 
 
School Regulations 51 
 
 schedules to be furnished all principals and teachers after first being 
 approved by the superintendent. 
 
 ARTICLE V 
 
 Duties of Headmasters and Princi'pals of Schools 
 
 Section 1. Headmasters and principals. Headmasters and 
 principals will be held responsible for the enforcement of the regula- 
 tions of the board of education and the directions of the superintend- 
 ent of schools in their respective schools, and shall read Articles IV, 
 V, VI and VII to their teachers during the month of September. They 
 shall assign such duties to the assistant teachers as will make their 
 services most beneficial to the school, and shall advise and direct 
 them as to the best mode of administration and discipline. 
 
 § 2. Care of buildings, etc. They shall see that the school 
 houses, furniture, books, apparatus and grounds are kept in good 
 order, and shall notify the superintendent of any repairs or supplies 
 that may be needed (see Article IX, § 16). 
 
 § 3. Monthly and annual reports. Principals shall transmit 
 to the superintendent at the close of each month and year full reports 
 on blanks furnished for the purpose, and shall give such other in- 
 formation as may be required by law or by the superintendent or 
 the board. 
 
 § 4. Inventory. They shall, at the close of the school return 
 the keys of their respective school buildings and of the several 
 rooms therein to the superintendent, and shall file with him an 
 inventory of all property belonging to the board, in the school 
 buildings under their charge. 
 
 § 5. It shall be the duty of the principal of each building to 
 see that the janitors discharge their duties according to the regula- 
 tions set forth in Article IX hereof and to report any delinquencies 
 to the superintendent. They shall examine their buildings monthly 
 before countersigning the reports of janitors as per § 14 of Article 
 IX hereof. 
 
 § 6. Dinner pupils. They shall set apart one or more rooms 
 in their respective buildings, in which those pupils who are permitted 
 to bring their dinners to school may eat the same, and where they 
 may remain in inclement weather until the other school rooms 
 are opened; and shall appoint one or more of their assistant teachers 
 to have charge of such rooms. 
 
52 Board of Education 
 
 § 7. Teaching. Headmasters and principals having twelve or 
 more assistant teachers will be expected to teach one-half of the 
 regular school day and to give one-half time to administration; 
 those having less than twelve assistant teachers, will give sueh time 
 to teaching as may be assigned. Heads of departments will teach 
 four regular classes daily. The regulations applying to teachers in 
 Article VI hereof, apply to headmasters, principals and heads of 
 departments. 
 
 § 8. The teachers of each school shall be organized by the 
 headmaster or principal into a Reading Circle for the reading and 
 study of educational books and literature and the current books 
 and events of the day, and shall make an annual report of the same 
 to the superintendent of schools. 
 
 § 9. May suspend a pupil. The headmaster or principal of 
 a school may suspend a pupil for wilful violation of the rules and 
 regulations of the school, or for habitual misconduct. In every 
 case of suspension it shall be the immediate duty of the headmaster 
 or principal to notify in writing the parent and superintendent 
 giving a complete history of the case. Pupils between the ages of 
 7 and 16 years thus dealt with still come under the provisions of 
 the compulsory education law and due and prompt notice must 
 also be served upon the Secretary of School Census and Attendance 
 (see Article VII, § § 8, 9). 
 
 § 10. Rights of a suspended pupil. A pupil suspended from 
 school may, upon satisfactory assurances of future good behavior 
 and punctuality, be reinstated by the superintendent. Three sus- 
 pensions for misconduct within one school year shall be equivalent 
 to expulsion. An expelled pupil will be restored only by the board 
 of education and after his case has been reviewed by that body. 
 
 ARTICLE VI 
 
 Duties of Regular Class Teachers 
 
 Section 1 Teachers to know and observe rules. All teachers 
 are required to acquaint themselves with these regulations (see 
 Articles IV, V, VII, VIII), and to carry into full effect all the rules 
 and regulations of the board and the directions of the superintendent 
 in relation to the instruction, classification and discipline of their 
 respective schools; 
 
 § 2. Teachers to be in rooms before pupils. To be in their 
 
School Regulations 53 
 
 respective school rooms and open the same for the admission of 
 pupils, who shall be subject to the rules of order for school hours, 
 at least twenty minutes before the time designated for the opening 
 of the school in the morning, and fifteen minutes in the afternoon 
 (see Art. II, § 7), and failures to do this are to be reported to the super- 
 intendent as cases of tardiness in the regular monthly report; 
 
 § 3. Attendance and scholarship records. To keep such records 
 as will show the names of pupils, the grade, age, daily attendance, 
 absence, tardiness, deportment and scholarship of each, and the 
 name and residence of parent or guardian, the register when filled 
 to be left at the office of the superintendent ; 
 
 § 4. Retardation record. Whenever a pupil in any grade or 
 school shall begin to fail in his school work, to keep a record de- 
 signed to show in each such case what has been done and when to 
 check such failure, including the following data: when principal 
 was consulted, special examination, parent notified, work sent to 
 parent, when parent was visited, when parent visited school, special 
 help given, nurse, supervisor, psychologist, superintendent con- 
 sulted, etc.; 
 
 § 5. Correction of roll. To drop from the roll at once the names 
 of pupils who have been suspended or who have left school not 
 intending to return; and for the purpose of reports, to drop the 
 names of all other pupils after an absence of three consecutive days 
 for any cause making an explicit entry upon the register. 
 
 § 6. Assistant teachers. To make promptly all reports re- 
 quired by supervising and administrative staff in accordance with 
 the blank forms or otherwise as requested. 
 
 § 7. Outside work forbidden. To devote themselves faithfully 
 and exclusively to the duties of their office during school hours. 
 
 § 8. Detention of pupils. To require of pupils prompt and 
 accurate recitations, and to detain them forty-five minutes after the 
 close of the regular school hours for the day, to make up any de- 
 ficiency or for the purpose of discipline. 
 
 § 9. Oversight of pupils. To exercise a careful supervision 
 over their pupils when in the school rooms and about the school 
 premises, in order to prevent improper conduct ; and when necessary, 
 to extend their supervision over pupils going to and from school; 
 and not to allow pupils to remain in school rooms unless a teacher 
 
54 Board of Education 
 
 is present, or unless some provision is made for securing order that 
 shall be approved by the superintendent; 
 
 § 10. Care of school property. To have charge of and be 
 responsible for the care of the school house, books, apparatus and 
 all other public property committed to their care and protect such 
 from defacement or injury; 
 
 § 11. Absent from duty. To be present and in charge of their 
 respective rooms and classes except in case of sickness or some urgent 
 necessity. In every such case they shall give immediate notice to the 
 superintendent, that, if necessary, he may furnish a substitute. 
 Failing to give such notice a teacher shall suffer a reduction in salary 
 corresponding to such absence. 
 
 § 12. Substitute teachers. Substitute teachers will be furnished 
 by the board of education from a list duly approved by the super- 
 intendent. When a regular substitute teacher is employed the pay 
 of the regular teacher for a period not to exceed one month will be 
 her regular salary less one-half the salary paid to the substitute. 
 After one month the salary of the regular teacher shall cease unless 
 the board directs otherwise. 
 
 § 13. Ventilation, drafts, etc. Teachers are to give careful at- 
 tention to the ventilation and temperature of their respective school 
 rooms, taking pains to avoid injurious extremes of heat and cold 
 and drafts of cold air upon pupils in their seats. Sixty-eight to 70 
 degrees F. is the proper standard for temperature. 
 
 § 14. Storms. Children are not to be dismissed during a storm 
 of such a nature as to endanger, their health, such as blizzards, 
 violent rains, wind storms, etc. Teachers are expected to anticipate 
 the approach of such storms and dismiss in time for the children 
 to reach their homes, or to detain them in their rooms until the 
 violence of the storm has passed. When so detained, the rules which 
 govern the session will continue. 
 
 § 15. Dismissal because of cold. Whenever the temperature 
 of the school room cannot be raised to 65 degrees by 10 o'clock 
 a. m., the school should be dismissed. A record of all such dismissals 
 must be kept and the superintendent notified on the day in which 
 it occurs. 
 
 § 16. Teachers' meetings. Teachers are to cooperate with 
 each other and with the supervising and administrative staff in 
 promoting the interests of the schools, and are required to attend 
 
School Regulations 55 
 
 the teachers' meetings called by the superintendent or approved 
 by him in accordance with Article XV, § 19, of the By-laws of the 
 board as provided in Article IV, § 3 of these regulations. 
 
 § 17. Corporal punishment. Teachers shall avoid corporal 
 punishment in all cases where good order can be maintained by 
 milder measures. All pupils may be exempt from corporal punish- 
 ment, whose parents or guardian shall notify the principal of the 
 school or the superintendent, in writing, that they desire to have 
 them exempt. Pupils exempted from corporal punishment under 
 this section may be suspended by the principal of the school which 
 they attend for a period not to exceed one week, which time may 
 be continued by consent of the superintendent, but in no case shall 
 such suspension extend beyond the regular meeting of the board, 
 unless such action is confirmed by the board see Article V, § § 9, 10, 
 Article VII, § 8, hereof. (Penal Law 1909, Ch. 88, page 292, § 246, 
 Education Law edition 1918.) 
 
 § 18. Contagious diseases. A pupil afflicted with any con- 
 tagious disease, or who has been exposed thereto, will not be ad- 
 mitted to the schools excepting in accordance with the following 
 instructions from the Health Officer, copies of which may be had 
 from the principal: 
 
 Contagious Diseases — Regulations 
 
 No pupil will be admitted who has not been successfully vac- 
 cinated when the health authorities so direct and until after the 
 expiration of the period of infection and until the other provisions 
 herein are complied with as follows: 
 
 Diphtheria and Membraneous Croup. — From the beginning 
 of throat symptoms until one week after two consecutive negative 
 cultures of the throat. 
 
 Scarlet Fever. — From earliest manifestations of illness until 
 the disappearance of all scaling, usually six weeks from the beginning. 
 Permit from the Health Deyartment is required upon return to school. 
 
 Measles. — From the beginning of the catarrhal stage until 10 
 days after rash is fully out. Permit from Physician is required. 
 
 Whooping Cough. — From the beginning of the bronchial cough 
 to the end of the catarrhal symptoms. Permit from Phjsician is 
 required. 
 
56 Board of Education 
 
 Mumps. — From the outset of the fever until glands are normal. 
 One week. 
 
 Pupils in whose family there is a case of contagious disease and 
 who have been exposed to the infection are to be excluded from 
 school according to the following schedule: 
 
 Diphtheria, 2 weeks from time of exposure, except on certificate 
 of Health Officer. 
 
 Scarlet Fever, 7 days from time of exposure. 
 
 Measles, 15 days from time of exposure. 
 
 Pupils who have themselves had measles need not be excluded 
 after exposure. 
 
 Members of a family where there are cases of whooping cough, 
 chicken pox, or mumps need not be excluded from the school unless 
 they show symptoms of the approach of the disease. 
 
 Physicians will be furnished with these forms upon request. 
 
 Blank certificates will be furnished upon application to all 
 parents whose children are ill with contagious diseases. 
 
 This certificate, duly filled by the attending Physician or Health 
 Officer must he presented by each pupil on or before his return to school 
 after such illness. 
 
 Frank D. Boynton, 
 
 Superintendent of Schools. 
 Approved by Dr. H. H. Crum, Health Officer. 
 
 Physician's Certificate 
 
 This is to certify that having been ill 
 
 with (or exposed to) a contagious disease, 
 
 has recovered therefrom {or shows no signs of said disease), and that the 
 time has elapsed since the beginning of said disease or exposure thereto 
 required by the regulations above set forth; that due precautions have 
 been exercised with reference to disinfection to prevent the spread of 
 said disease; and that, in the opinion of the undersigned, it is now 
 
 safe for said to attend school, without 
 
 danger of infection to others. 
 
 Attending Physician. 
 Date 19 
 
School Regulations 57 
 
 § 19. Aggrieved parents. Persons considering themselves ag- 
 grieved should communicate with the teachers out of school hours, 
 and not in the presence of pupils. When satisfactory redress cannot 
 thus be obtained, the case should be referred to the principal of the 
 school. When the decision of the principal is not satisfactory, an 
 appeal may be made to the superintendent, and froni him to the 
 proper committee and from it to the board of education. 
 
 § 20 Visiting schools. Any supervisor, teacher, or other 
 expert in the employ of the board of education may have two school 
 days each school year if desired, without prejudice as to salarj^, for 
 the purpose of visiting other teachers doing the same work in the 
 Ithaca or other public schools by making the request in writing, 
 using a form provided for the purpose, providing the time and school 
 selected meets with the approval of the supervisor concerned and 
 the superintendent of schools. 
 
 ARTICLE VII 
 
 Duties of Pupils 
 
 Section 1. Preliminary requirements. Every pupil is expected 
 to attend school punctually and regularly, to conform to the regula- 
 tions of the school and to obey the directions of the teacher, to 
 observe good order and propriety of deportment, to be diligent in 
 study, respectful to teachers and kind and obliging to school mates, 
 to refrain entirely from the oral or written use of profane or vulgar 
 language, and to be clean and neat in person and clothing; 
 
 § 2. District and grade. To attend school in such grades, and 
 in such sub-districts as shall be designated by the board of educa- 
 tion, no pupil bemg allowed to attend elsewhere without special 
 permission of the superintendent, such permission not to be granted 
 unless special reasons warrant the transfer, and any such permission 
 given to expire with the school year (see Art. V, § 13 of By-Laws, 
 also Art. XII of these Regulations.) 
 
 § 3. Assembling on the school grounds. To refrain from as- 
 sembling about the school building in the morning or at noon at an 
 hour earlier than just sufficient to prevent tardiness before the com- 
 mencement of school, and from remaining on the school grounds or 
 in the vicinity of the school building after dismissal unless by the 
 permission of the principal who first makes provision for the super- 
 vision of the school grounds approved by the superintendent. 
 
58 Board of Education 
 
 § 4. Absence and tardiness. To be marked tardy when not 
 in the school-room when the order bell is struck (unless temporarily 
 excused by the teacher on account of some matter pertaining to 
 the school), and who enters before 10 o'clock a. m., and 2 o'clock 
 p. m. Every pupil shall be marked absent who enters school after 
 the time above specified. Whenever it is ascertained that a pupil 
 has declined to enter school for fear of being marked absent or 
 tardy, such pupil shall he considered a truant, and shall be dealt 
 with accordingly. 
 
 § 5. Extension of time. Pupils regularly excused for music 
 or other lessons, and those who obtain a written permit from the 
 principal approved by the superintendent to enter school regularly 
 at a certain hour shall not be marked tardy, unless they enter school 
 after the time designated. 
 
 § 6. Attendance upon entire session. Pupils must remain in 
 school during the entire session of each day unless excused by the 
 teacher in case of sickness or some pressing emergency. On days of 
 regular examinations pupils may be excused when they have com- 
 pleted the work assigned for the half-day. 
 
 § 7. Outside instruction. Pupils may be excused for the pur- 
 pose of receiving instruction in music or such other branches of edu- 
 cation as parents or guardians may desire, providing such absence 
 does not conflict with the compulsory education law or materially 
 affect their regular studies, and satisfactory arrangements are made 
 in advance by parents or guardian with the principal. (See § 8, 
 paragraph 6.) 
 
 § 8. Excuses for tardiness or absence. The State Education 
 authorities require in every case of absence or tardiness that the 
 pupils bring on their return to school, a written statement signed 
 by the parent or guardian assigning good and sufficient reasons for 
 such absence or tardiness. The state authorities recognize as proper 
 reasons for such absence or tardiness the following: 
 
 Excuses that may he accepted as legal: 
 
 1. Illness of child. If school authorities have reason to be- 
 lieve such excuse is false, a physician's certificate should be de- 
 manded. 
 
 2. Severe storm or roads absolutely impassable for man or beast. 
 3 Contagious disease in a community; school authorities or 
 
School Regulations 59 
 
 local board of health determining when danger of conveying the 
 disease has passed. 
 
 4. Sickness in pupil's family requiring his or her services for 
 a day or two until other help can be secured. 
 
 5. Days set apart for religious observance or instruction. In 
 all such cases, however, arrangements should be made with the 
 clergy that school work may not be seriously interfered with. 
 
 6. One-half day weekly for music lessons. 
 
 § 9. Suspension for irregularity. The headmaster or principal 
 of a school ma}^ suspend any pupil who shall have been absent three 
 days in any quarter, without satisfactory excuse from parent or 
 guardian, until he obtains a written permit from the superintendent 
 to return, which permit may be granted upon satisfactory assurances 
 being given by parent or guardian that the pupil will be punctual 
 and regular in the future. In every case of unexcused absence, the 
 teacher shall inform the parent either in person or by note as soon as 
 practicable, and no pupil shall be suspended under this ride whose 
 parent or guardian shall not have been notified of such absence. In 
 enforcing these regulations, two cases of tardiness shall be counted 
 as a half-day's absence. {This regulation is not to be construed so 
 as to permit the same pupil to repeat the process over and over.) Pupils 
 between eight and sixteen years of age, must also be dealt with 
 according to the provisions of the compulsory education law. 
 
 § 10. Care of desks, books, etc. Each pupil shall have a par- 
 ticular desk assigned to him, and he shall be required to keep the 
 same free from marks and scratches of any kind and the floor be- 
 neath in a neat and orderly condition. He shall also be held re- 
 sponsible for the safe keeping and proper use of text-books loaned 
 to him. 
 
 § 11. Damage to property. Any pupil who shall be guilty of 
 defacing or injuring books or other school property shall pay for 
 all damages, and be subject to such penalty as the nature of the 
 offense may require. 
 
 § 12. Improper language, tobacco, rudeness, snowballing, etc. 
 No pupil shall on or around the school premises use or write any 
 unchaste or. profane language, or use tobacco in any form ; nor shall 
 pupils in the building, in the yard, or in the vicinity of the school, 
 indulge in rudeness of any kind, nor in throwing stones, snowballs, 
 
60 Board of Education 
 
 or any other missiles that endanger persons or property, nor shall 
 they engage in anything that tends to vex or annoy one another. 
 
 § 13. Absence from examination. Any pupil who shall be 
 absent from any regular examination of his class except for reasons 
 that render attendance impracticable, shall be required to pass a 
 satisfactory examination or be placed in a lower class. 
 
 § 14. Pupils who fall behind. Any pupil who falls behind his 
 class through irregular attendance, indolence, or inattention, may 
 be reduced to a lower grade, at the discretion of the teacher, with 
 the approval of the superintendent. 
 
 § 15. Credit for work done elsewhere. 1. Whenever in the 
 judgment of the superintendent of schools the interest of a pupil is 
 advanced thereby in any grade in the elementary or secondary schools 
 under the supervision of the board of education, he may give credit 
 for work done elsewhere than in said schools; providing that upon 
 investigation the work for which credit is asked shall be equal in 
 scholarship and in time allotment to that required of pupils in said 
 schools grade by grade. 
 
 2. Credit toward graduation from any secondary course may be 
 given for successfully passing college entrance examination in any 
 study upon the candidate's presenting the duly certified report of 
 the college authorities; providing (a) that the time allotment for 
 the preparation of the examination is equal to that required by the 
 regents, and (b) the percentage attained in the examination and 
 duly certified by the college authorities in writing is not less than 
 sixty per cent, (c) and in case the time devoted to the preparation 
 for the examination is less than that required by the regents then, 
 and in that case, the grade certified to by the college authorities 
 shall be not less than seventy-five per cent, otherwise no credit shall 
 be allowed. 
 
 3. Before any credit provided in the above paragraph shall be 
 valid when the pupil concerned is a regularly enrolled pupil of the 
 Ithaca schools, he shall first obtain the consent of a committee of 
 teachers to be appointed by the superintendent of schools to which 
 committee said pupil shall submit his reasons for taking the college 
 entrance examination in lieu of the regents examination and, having 
 obtained the consent of the committee to take the desired examina- 
 tion he shall thereupon first register in the ofl&ce of the superintendent 
 of schools giving his name, the name of the examination, and the 
 
School Regulations 61 
 
 date and place where the same is to be held; providing that all per- 
 sons obtaining such permission of the committee and have duly 
 registered, shall be checked in the room where the examination is 
 to be held and after the examination has begun by a member of the 
 committee herein provided whenever said examination is held in 
 Ithaca. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII 
 Student Activities 
 
 Section 1. Athletic council. The athletic activities of students 
 of the Ithaca high school shall be under the direction of a council 
 composed as follows: Between the first and twentieth days of Sep- 
 tember of each year, the superintendent of schools shall appoint 
 five teachers, one of whom he shall designate as chairman of the 
 council, and the faculty of the school shall appoint four pupils from 
 the student body as members of said council. (Unless the superin- 
 intendent determines otherwise in which case the organization will 
 be the same as provided in § 2 of this Article.) 
 
 § 2. General council. The social activities of the various 
 musical clubs, of congress, of the legislative and all other literarj^ 
 dramatic and social organizations of students of the Ithaca high 
 school, and the business and social affairs of the senior class and 
 student publications shall be under the direction of a council com- 
 posed as follows : Between the first and twentieth days of September 
 in each year the superintendent of schools shall appoint one teacher 
 for each such assembly, club or organization, the faculty of the 
 school shall appoint one pupil from the student body for each such 
 club or organization and the pupils of the school shall likewise ap- 
 point one of their number for each such club or organization (unless 
 the superintendent determines otherwise in which case the organ- 
 ization will be the same as provided in § 1 of this Article). 
 
 § 3. Reference committee. The president of the board of edu- 
 cation, the chairman of the teachers' committee, and the superin- 
 tendent of schools shall be a committee to be called a committee 
 of the board, to whom shall be referred for approval, all recom- 
 mendations duly passed by either of the councils mentioned in § 1 
 and § 2, and no such recommendation shall be adopted without 
 favorable action of the superintendent and one member of such 
 committee. 
 
 § 4. Seventy per cent rule. Any registered pupil who main- 
 
62 Board of Education 
 
 tains in all of his work a general average of 70 per cent or more, is 
 eligible to membership in any club, team, association or organiza- 
 tion connected with the school. No pupil may represent the school 
 in any public performance whose standing is less than 70 per cent 
 until the disability is removed, but may continue to rehearse or 
 practice during such disability. 
 
 § 5. Permission to leave town. No club, team, association or 
 organization shall be permitted to leave town without the consent 
 of the superintendent and one other member of the committee of 
 the board, mentioned in § 3 hereof, nor unless accompanied by at 
 least one male teacher, and by a female teacher as well, if the said 
 club, team, association or organization is composed in part or in 
 whole of female students of the high school; said male teacher 
 shall be in charge and his decision upon all matters relative to the 
 said club, team, association or organization, or of the individual 
 members thereof while absent from the city shall be final. Upon 
 returning to the city, it shall be the duty of such faculty member to 
 report any and all irregularities to the superintendent. 
 
 § 6. Accountability. In all cases individuals and clubs, while 
 representing any of the public schools of this city, in any other city 
 or town, shall be strictly accountable for their conduct to the super- 
 intendent. Any irregularity of conduct affecting in any manner 
 the standing of the school, or of the organization, will bar any mem- 
 ber thereof from being a representative of the school on any similar 
 occasion until reinstated by the committee named in § 3 of this 
 Article. 
 
 § 7. Finances. All debts and other obligations incurred by 
 any club, team, association, or organization must be fully paid 
 before beginning another season's activities. The treasurer of the 
 Athletic Council and the treasurer of the General Council each 
 shall submit to the superintendent a written report of the year's 
 business showing the receipts and expenses and any debit or credit 
 balances for each and every organization separately. 
 
 § 8. Constitution and by-laws. Each club, team, association 
 or organization may draw up a constitution and by-laws further 
 specifying the duties of its members, but the same shall not become 
 operative until it has been approved by the superintendent and 
 one member of the committee provided in § 3 hereof in which case 
 
School Regulations 63 
 
 it becomes a part of these regulations. When amendments are made 
 they must likewise be approved before becoming effective. 
 
 § 9. Building may be used. Pupils may be permitted the use 
 of the high school building for social or other events upon recom- 
 mendation of a majority of either council appointed under the pro- 
 visions of § 1 and § 2, together with the consent of the superintendent 
 and one other member of the committee herein provided in § 3. 
 The building may be lighted, heated and cared for at the expense 
 of the board of education, it being understood, however, that any 
 sum of money resulting from an admission fee from all such stu- 
 dent entertainments shall be devoted exclusively to the main- 
 tenance of student activities, school decoration, or for some other 
 school purpose approved by the superintendent. 
 
 § 10. Use of gymnasium. The gijmnasiwm shall be used by 
 pupils of the pubUc schools only when under the supervision of one 
 or more teachers, or one or more competent adults not teachers, 
 chosen for the purpose. Such supervisor or director shall have 
 power and be responsible for the proper use of the gymnasium, the 
 corridors, the cloak rooms, the toilet and bath rooms, and any other 
 part of the building used in connection with the gymnasium. 
 
 § 11. Social functions. Whenever the gymnasium is used for 
 social functions by the pupils of the public schools, the hour for 
 closing shall not be later than 10:30 o'clock p. m., excepting upon 
 occasions, when the gymnasium is used after a lecture in Foster 
 Memorial Hall, when the hour for closing may be extended to 11:00 
 o'clock p. m., unless the time is further extended to 11:30 o'clock 
 by the superintendent and one member of the committee provided 
 in § 3 hereof. The attendance upon such social functions shall be 
 limited to registered pupils of the schools, their immediate families, 
 and approved invited guests. All social functions must be properly 
 chaperoned by a committee of not less than five persons composed 
 of both parents and teachers and these persons shall constitute a 
 committee with full authority to supervise and control such parts 
 of the building as are mentioned in § 10 hereof. 
 
 § 12. Indoor athletics. Whenever the gymnasium is used for 
 athletic purposes the hour for closing shall not be later than 9:30 
 o'clock p. m., and the supervision shall be as mentioned in § 10 
 hereof, unless both sexes are present when the conditions and super- 
 vision shall be that mentioned in § 11 hereof. Whenever the gym- 
 
64 Board of Education 
 
 nasium is used during the noon hour, the supervision shall be that 
 mentioned in § 10 hereof. 
 
 § 13. Banquets. Whenever the gymnasium is used by any 
 school, club or organization, for other than dancing, receptions, etc., 
 included under ''social functions" mentioned in § 11 hereof, or for 
 other than athletic purposes mentioned in § 12 hereof, e. g., for 
 banquets, plays, stunt programs, etc., the hour for closing shall not 
 be later than 10:30 o'clock p. m., and the supervision shall be that 
 mentioned in § 10 hereof, unless both sexes are present in which 
 case the supervision shall be that mentioned in § 11 hereof. 
 
 § 14. Ticket system. If an admission fee is charged, it shall 
 be by ticket in accordance with a general plan easily adapted to 
 all organization functions, to be worked out by the superintendent 
 of schools representing the board of education. This section shall 
 apply to the use of Foster Memorial Hall and the gymnasium equally 
 in all respects, and may be extended to include athletic games played 
 elsewhere in town by school teams if deemed advisable. 
 
 § 15. Breakage restored. A charge shall be made for all break- 
 age or damage done to lights, windows, furniture, plumbing or any 
 other part of the building and these charges shall be a lien upon 
 and be paid out of any funds in the treasury of either the Athletic 
 Council or the General Council, or both, and shall cover all damage 
 done by the organization or its guests. It will not be necessary to 
 prove the damages done by any individual or organization in order 
 to estabhsh the validity of the charge, but simply to show that 
 damages were done. In case of failure to meet the charges promptly 
 the superintendent of schools will direct the caretaker to close the 
 gymnasium or Foster Memorial Hall or both to the offending or- 
 ganization until the disability is removed. 
 
 § 16. The above uses of the gymnasium are understood to be 
 for the pupils and officers of the Ithaca public schools, their immedi- 
 ate families and approved invited guests. Alumni of the school 
 other than those in actual attendance may, upon invitation, be ad- 
 mitted to any of the above functions. It is understood and so in- 
 tended that these functions are for the benefit of the registered 
 pupils of the schools as provided in this Article. 
 
 § 17. Public functions. Whenever it is deemed advisable to 
 give a pubHc function it shall be so advertised. For all such func- 
 tions as are contemplated in § 11 hereof, it shall be necessary to 
 
School Regulations 69 
 
 dresses of pupils for the purpose of copying or otherwise using them 
 for advertising purposes of whatever nature or for maihng circular 
 matter without the written consent of the president of the board. 
 
 § 4. Use of buildings and grounds. When not in use for school 
 purposes, the school buildings and grounds may be used for sum- 
 mer, continuation, and night schools, teachers' institute, examina- 
 tions, for playground, for the purpose of giving and receiving in- 
 struction in any branch of education, learning or the arts, for library 
 purposes or as stations of public libraries, for holding social, civic 
 and recreational meetings and entertainments and such other meet- 
 ings as pertain to the welfare of the whole community which meet- 
 ings shall be nonexclusive and shall be open to the general public, 
 for meetings, entertainments and occasions where an admission 
 fee is charged when the proceeds thereof are to be expended for an 
 educational or charitable purpose; but such use shall not be per- 
 mitted if such meetings, entertainments and occasions are under 
 the exclusive control, and the proceeds are to be applied for the 
 benefit of a society, association or organization of a religious sect 
 or organization; providing that at all times buildings and grounds 
 are used in accordance with the rules and regulations of the board 
 of education and that its representative is in charge of the same 
 (Art. IG, § § 454-455, pp. 140-142, Ed. Law, edition, 1918). 
 
 § 5. Who may teach in school buildings. No teacher or other 
 person not duly licensed and in the employ of the board of educa- 
 tion shall teach or lecture or otherwise give instruction to any per- 
 son or group of persons in any school building or on school grounds 
 or other property belonging to or under the control of the board of 
 education unless the same shall have first obtained permission from 
 the board or superintendent after due inquiry has been made as to 
 the nature and purpose of the intended use and the nature of the 
 instruction and the same found to be not contrary to any rule of the 
 board or law of the state. 
 
 § 6. Attendance officer. The attendance officer shall devote 
 his entire time to the matter of attendance and other school work 
 herein specified or which may be assigned by the superintendent 
 or by the secretary of the school census pertaining to attendance for 
 at least 7 hours each school day; to call each school on the telephone 
 at 9 a. m. and at 1 :15 p. m, and ascertain whether or not his services 
 are needed; to look up and report definitely to the teacher or other 
 
70 Board of Education 
 
 person or persons concerned on all cases referred to him, keeping a 
 written record of such cases; to inspect all factories, stores, shops, 
 and other places employing children and ascertain by personally 
 inspecting the credentials if children found employed in such places 
 have complied with the provisions of the compulsory education law; 
 to accost pupils of compulsory school age seen on the streets or in 
 places of amusement when school is in session, and ascertain the 
 cause of their being out of school, disposing of each such case in ac- 
 cordance with the compulsory attendance law; to bring action 
 against violators of said law, exercise supervision over children out 
 on work certificates, and make a written report of his work to the 
 superintendent each month and at the end of the year. He shall 
 also, act as messenger between the superintendent's office and the 
 various schools and between the different schools and business places, 
 and shall perform such other duties assigned to him as will make 
 his services "effective, efficient and satisfactory" as required by law. 
 
 ARTICLE XII 
 
 Boundaries of Sub-districts* 
 
 West Hill District. West Hill District comprehends all that 
 territory within the city limits lying on the west of the following 
 boundary line: Beginning at the intersection of the most easterly 
 tract of the Lehigh Valley railroad with the city fine on the south 
 and extending northward along the center of said track to Casca- 
 dilla street, thence westward 30 feet south of the south side of Cas- 
 cadilla street to Cayuga Inlet, and thence along the center of Cay- 
 uga Inlet to Cayuga Lake. 
 
 South Hill District. South Hill District comprehends all 
 that territory within the city limits lying south of the following 
 boundary line : Beginning with the intersection of the most easterly 
 track of the Lehigh Valley railroad with the city line on the south 
 and extending northward along the center of said track to West 
 Clinton street, thence along the center of West Clinton street east- 
 ward to its junction with South Geneva street, thence along the 
 center of South Geneva street northward to its junction with West 
 Green street, thence along the center of West Green street east- 
 ward to its junction with Six Mile creek, thence along the center 
 
 "Pupils must attend the schools in the sub-districts in which they live. 
 
School Regulations 71 
 
 of Six Mile creek eastward to a point opposite the junction with 
 Hudson and Giles streets, thence southward along the center of 
 Hudson street to the city line. 
 
 East Hill District. East Hill District comprehends all that 
 territory within the city limits lying to the east of the following 
 boundary line: Beginning with the intersection of Hudson street 
 with the city line on the south and extending northward along the 
 center of Hudson street to a point on Six Mile creek opposite the 
 junction of Hudson and Giles streets, thence westward along the 
 center of Six Mile creek to Aurora street, thence northward along 
 the center of Aurora street to Cascadilla creek, then eastward along 
 the center of Cascadilla creek to Stewart avenue, thence north- 
 ward along the center of Stewart avenue, to the city line. 
 
 Fall Creek District. Fall Creek District comprehends all 
 that territory within the city limits lying to the north of the fol- 
 lowing boundary line: Beginning with the intersection of Cayuga 
 Inlet and the city line on the north and extending southward along 
 the center of Cayuga Inlet to Cascadilla creek, thence eastward 
 along the center of Cascadilla creek to the point of intersection 
 with Linn street, thence northward along the western boundary 
 of the city cemetery to its intersection with Cornell avenue, thence 
 westward to the base of the hill to a point opposite Yates street, 
 thence northward along the base of the hill to Fall creek, thence 
 eastward along the center of Fall creek to Stewart avenue, thence 
 northward along Stewart avenue to the city line. 
 
 Central District. Central district comprehends all that ter- 
 ritory within the following boundary line: Beginning with the in- 
 tersection of Six Mile creek with the most easterly track of the Le- 
 high Valley railroad on the south and extending northward along 
 the center of said track to a point 30 feet south of the south side 
 of Cascadilla street, thence westward by a line 30 feet south of the 
 south side of Cascadilla street to Cayuga Inlet, thence northward 
 along the center of Cayuga Inlet to Cascadilla creek, thence east- 
 ward along the center of Cascadilla creek to Aurora street, thence 
 southward along the center of Aurora street to Six Mile creek at 
 its junction with East Green street, thence westward along the 
 center of Green street to its junction with South Geneva street, 
 thence southward along the center of South Geneva street to its 
 junction with West Clinton street, thence along the center of West 
 
72 Board of Education 
 
 Green street to the most easterly track of the Lehigh Valley rail- 
 road, thence southward along the track to Six Mile creek at the 
 point of beginning. 
 
 Neutral District. Neutral District comprehends all that 
 territory within the city limits and bounded as follows: Beginning 
 with the intersection of Cascadilla Park and Stewart avenue and 
 extending westward along the center of Cascadilla creek to Uni- 
 versity avenue, thence northward on University avenue to its in- 
 tersection with Cornell avenue, thence westward to the base of the 
 hill to a point opposite Yates street, thence northward along the 
 base of the hill to Fall creek, thence eastward along the center of 
 Fall creek to Stewart avenue, thence southward along Stewart 
 avenue to the point of beginning. Patrons of the public schools 
 living within this district may elect to send their children to either 
 the Fall Creek or East Hill schools. 
 
 Attendance compulsory. See State Education Law, page 188.* 
 
 Fire Drills required by law. See page 217 of the State Education 
 Law. 
 
 Flag The, must float over every school house each day school is 
 in session. See State Education Law, page 216. 
 
 Patriotism, Instruction in, required by law. See State Educa- 
 tion Law, page 215. 
 
 Physical Training, Instruction, in, required by law. See State 
 Education Law, page 208. 
 
 Physiology and Hygiene, Instruction in, required by law. See 
 State Education Law, page 205. 
 
 School Census required by law. See State Education Law, 
 page 200. 
 
 Adopted and in force May, 1919. 
 
 *Note: References to the State Education Law' are to the 1918 edition. 
 
School Regulations 65 
 
 obtain the permission of the committee provided in § 3 hereof. No 
 such permission will be granted excepting upon the request of a 
 majority of the faculty members of the council having jurisdiction 
 and the approval of the superintendent of schools. 
 
 § 18. For each and every other occasion not provided for in 
 the foregoing sections, special permission as provided in § 17 hereof 
 must be obtained. For the use of Foster Memorial Hall for lec- 
 tures, concerts, dramatic and literary programs, etc., arrangements 
 can be made with the superintendent of schools providing, however, 
 that such arrangements are in harmony with the state law and the 
 foregoing sections. 
 
 § 19. All high school pupils who have attended four full years 
 or more without graduation and without sufficient cause for their 
 failure to graduate shall, in the interests of good scholarship, be 
 excluded from participation in student activities, unless upon the 
 request of the faculty members of the council concerned the com- 
 mittee provided in § 3 removes the disability. 
 
 § 20. Constitutions of organizations. The constitutions of 
 the Athletic Association, Congress, Legislative Assembly, and 
 Senior Class of the Ithaca High School are a part of the regulations 
 of the board of education and are to be administered as such. 
 
 ARTICLE IX 
 
 Duties of Janitors 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of all janitors employed by 
 the board of education to devote their full time to the duties of 
 their office; 
 
 § 2. To see that the buildings are properly heated, and that 
 the heating apparatus is suitably cared for, to report promptly to 
 the superintendent any defects therein, and to prepare the necessary 
 wood for kindling purposes; 
 
 § 3. To thoroughly sweep the school rooms, halls and stairs, 
 and carefully remove the dust from desks, chairs, tables and other 
 furniture every day, and to keep the rooms clean and in good order; 
 
 § 4. To mop the floors at Christmas and summer vacations 
 and at other tmies when directed to do so by the principal of the 
 school or by the superintendent; 
 
 § 5. To clean out the chalk dust from the troughs of the black- 
 
66 Board of Education 
 
 boards and from the erasers and wash the boards, wash basins, 
 stools and urinals once each week; 
 
 § 6. To clean all the rooms, halls, windows, desks and other 
 furniture, the attics and basement during the summer vacation; 
 
 § 7. To inspect the water closets each day and keep them 
 clean and free from odors, and to remove by washing or by painting 
 all writing, drawings, or other objectionable matter from water 
 closets; 
 
 § 8. To keep all walks about the building free from snow and 
 ice, and from dirt and rubbish; to cut the grass in the yards and 
 curbs as often as may be necessary to keep them neat and tidy, 
 and to keep the yards at all times clear of weeds and rubbish ; 
 
 § 9. To see that the doors and windows of the building are 
 closed and fastened when there is no school, and to take good care 
 of the premises during vacation; 
 
 § 10. To make any minor repairs to desks, windows, doors, 
 curtains, etc. (the material therefor being furnished by the board), 
 and to give notice to the Chairman of the Supplies Committee 
 whenever the coal supply is not sufficient for more than two weeks; 
 
 § 11. To be at all times courteous and respectful to teachers, 
 and to perform any reasonable service in the line of their duty not 
 herein specified, at the request of the principal or the superintendent; 
 
 § 12. To keep the basement and the attic at all times free 
 from paper and other rubbish and to burn all refuse daily, thus 
 preventing the accumulation in or about the building of all inflam- 
 mable materials; 
 
 § 13. Not to admit children into the building out of school hours 
 or to the basement at any hour, except those having permission 
 from the teacher; nor to admit other persons to the building except 
 those whose business gives them a right of entrance; 
 
 § 14. To do such other work as may properly come within the 
 scope of their duties or which may be specially agreed upon at the 
 time of appointment. It is the duty of all janitors to become thor- 
 oughly conversant with these rules and to keep a copy convenient 
 for reference ; 
 
 § 15. To make a monthly report to the superintendent in 
 writing, upon blanks provided for the purpose, to the effect that all 
 provisions of this Article have been faithfully observed. 
 
School Regulations 67 
 
 § 16. It shall be the duty of headmasters and of the principals 
 of elementary schools to see that janitors discharge their duties ac- 
 cording to the foregoing regulations, and to report any delinquencies 
 to the superintendent. 
 
 ARTICLE X 
 
 Health Education — School Nurse and Hygienist 
 Section 1. Health certificates. It shall be the duty of the 
 school nurse and school physician to cause all pupils, not presenting 
 health certificates signed by a duly licensed physician within thirty 
 days after their entrance to school, to be separately and carefully 
 examined and to issue health certificates to the same (Sec. 573, p. 
 171, Ed. Law, edition, 1918); 
 
 § 2. Health records. To keep all health certificates presented 
 by pupils or furnished by the school nurse or school physician duly 
 and properly filed showing what further examinations have been 
 made, what results obtained, diseases each pupil has had, and such 
 other information relating to the health of each individual child 
 as may be necessary for a complete and accurate health record; 
 
 § 3. Includes all schools. To visit at regular intervals all of 
 the pubUc schools of the city for the purpose of examining, as to 
 his physical condition, each and every child, in accordance with the 
 provisions of the state law providing for medical inspection, such 
 examination to include the eyes, ears, nose, and throat, and defects 
 noted to be brought to the attention of parents; 
 
 § 4. Contagion. To exclude from school such children as are 
 found to be afflicted with contagious disease and report the same 
 to the city health officer, requiring such as have a contagion to 
 furnish a physician's certificate of health to the teacher upon their 
 return to school or such certificate duly signed by the school nurse 
 upon the blank provided for the purpose and printed elsewhere in 
 this manual (see Art. VI, § 18) ; 
 
 § 5. Operations. To secure the parent's or guardian's written 
 consent before becoming responsible for or assisting in an operation 
 for the removal of the tonsils, adenoids, or other defects in the 
 case of any child attending any of the public schools, and to keep 
 said written consent on file for reference. 
 
 § 6. Reports. It shall be the duty of the school nurse to de^ 
 vote her whole time to the duties of her office and to make such 
 
68 Board of Education 
 
 reports as the superintendent may from time to time require (§ 870, 
 paragraphs 4, 5, Ed. Law, 1918 edition). 
 
 § 7. Hygienist. It shall be the duty of the dental nurse to 
 make regular visits to all schools for the purpose of examining the 
 teeth of all children; to advise parents in writing of defects dis- 
 covered; to care for the teeth of such children as do not have them 
 cared for by a family dentist; and before any teeth are filled or ex- 
 tracted, or otherwise treated, except cleaned, to first obtain the 
 written consent of the parent or guardian and keep the same on file 
 for reference; 
 
 § 8. School clinic. To have charge of and be responsible for 
 the school chnic including the apparatus and supplies, assist dentists 
 working in the clinic, and make a careful record of all work done; 
 
 § 9. Reports. To devote her whole time to the duties of her 
 office and make such reports monthly and annually to the superin- 
 tendent as he may require for his information and for the informa- 
 tion of the board of education or any of its members (§ 870, para- 
 graphs 4, 5, Ed. Law, 1918 edition). 
 
 ARTICLE XI 
 
 Miscellaneous Provisions — Attendance Officer 
 
 Section 1. Visitation invited. Friends and patrons of the 
 schools are invited to visit them at any time; but the regular exer- 
 cises of the school shall not be departed from, save at the special 
 request of the visitors or by direction of the superintendent. Visitors 
 shall not interrupt the work nor occupy seats with pupils nor hinder 
 them by conversation or otherwise. 
 
 § 2. No subscription paper. No subscription paper shall be 
 circulated in school, nor shall any collection or contribution be 
 taken therein for the purpose of presenting a gift or testimonial 
 to a teacher, or a member or officer of the board; nor shall notice 
 of any entertainment be given in the schools unless the same be 
 immediately connected with the interests of the schools or directly 
 with education. 
 
 § 3. Publisher, agent and advertiser. No publisher or agent 
 for any book, school apparatus or furniture of any kind, shall oc- 
 cupy the time of teachers during school hours; nor shall any pub- 
 lisher or other person have access at any time to the names and ad- 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 020 320 290 8 
 
 THECHKIGA 
 ^ PRESS" 
 
 ITHACA .NY