■..,^' \ •/>- •;■ : x^\^ . :.>« .-^ '%, * ,. ^ .^^ ^^' >"^..^ ' » * \ >^^^ ^^^''% .-.^V^' :^^/'^/^ %<^' V .n:^^'^- s^%, ' » 4 s ^ .A oft*' \\ t t h *^/- " V *^ .■J> \\ „ V 1 8 .'^^ ■■>. / %. <, » ♦ / ';- A- ~ /,*^ 1 ->•, '\, .<^' - * ■■' ■ - -^ .s- -y ^ vV .A. '<.<' ^-r: ■^ ■■■'■. \ ^ -'^ ^o ', \, ^° v^'^■ :^^^^^ \ ••> >^. \^^ °<. '^^- * « \^ O' \^ ^r ■^ *,"<^ "-J^ ';> 'O ,5 -U '^''^'^f- ^ ' >>• % V ' '"oo^ A .* .^^' ^•*^'' -'T' ?/. -' ■, s o ^ \'^'' ^ . ^^ * » ' ^ ■X^ .\^ ,v % ... ^. .^' 1 d-u^ ^i^l!^, oJ^lc,^ MICHIGAN m THE WAE. Compiled by JJSrO. ROBERTSOlSr, ADJUTANT GENERAL. REVISED EDITION. B\ AUTHORITY. LANSING: W. S. GEORGE * CO.. STATE PRINTER55 AN^P T^TNDERS 1882. 9 S * Dt€;S4 AUTHORITY FOR PUBLICATION. Early in the Legislative Session of 1879, Major R. B. Robbins, of Adrian, then in the Senate, introduced the following Joint Resolution : Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Michigan, That the Adjutant General be and he is hereby authorized and required to compile a report, in one volume, from the reports in his office, and on file in the War Department at Washington, of the services of Michigan regiments, batteries, and companies in the late war; said report to be printed and pub- lished the same as other State reports are printed and published. One thou- sand copies for the use of State officers, members of the Legislature and officers of the same, and of the several State boards, and five hundred copies for general distribution, as the Governor may direct. The Committees on Military in the Senate and House, to whom it was referred, made through their respective Chairmen, Hon. R. B. Robbins and Bon. Geo. H. Hopkins, a favorable report, and it was unanimously passed by both Houses and approved by the Governor, Charles M. Oroswell, May 3, 1879. At the Legislative Session of 1881, Major David J. Easton, of Union City, a member of the House of Representatives, introduced a bill for the republi- cation of 30,000 copies of the work. It was referred to the Committees on Printing of the Senate and House, who reported favorably thereon through their respective Chairmen, the Hon. Henry C. Russell, of the Senate, and the Hon. David J. Easton, of the House. The bill was passed by both houses, and the act approved by Governor David H. Jerome May 26, 1881. Sections from the act covering its distribution : Section '6. Any person who served in any Michigan regiment, battery, or company, during the late war, and has been honorably discharged, or any person who served in any regiment, battery, or company from any other State, or in the regular army, or in the navy, properly accredited to the State of Michigan, and has been honorably discharged, or is still in the service, shall be entitled to receive one copy of said work on presenting to the Librarian the certificate of the Adjutant General that such person so served, and if the application for such copy be not made in person, by depositing with such Librarian thirty-two cents to cover the expense of sending such book. Sec. 4. Any person siiall be permitted to purchase said book at a price not to exceed ten per cent above cost, together with the cost of sending the book, if not delivered in person. 4 AUTHORITY FOR PUBLICATION. For the purpose of aiding in the revision of this work, circulars were sent to tlie best known addresses of all the officers of regiments, requesting an exam- ination of the volume which had been already issued, with a view to receiving from them notices of any corrections or additions required in their respective personal record, and also inviting their attention to the history of their regiments, and requesting them to point out errors or omissions therein. To this circular but few replies were received, probably owing to the volume referred to being at the time inaccessible to them, hence the compiler has been left, with few exceptions, to his own researches, resultiiis. perhaps, in render- ing the revision less complete thau it might have been under other circum- statices. In accordance witii Act No. 248, Public Acts Michigan 1887) approved June 25, 1887, amending Sec. 3 of Act No. 167, Laws of 1881, as amended by Act No. 143, Laws of 1883, this volume will be distributed from the office of the Adjutant General. All applications therefor should be made to the Adjutant Greneral, Lansing, Mich. D. B. ALNGER, Adjutant General. OFFICERS OF MICHIGAN WHO SERVED iN THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT OF TUE STATE DURING THE WAR. Austin Blair Henry H. < rapo.. Jolin Kobertson.. J. H. Fountain... Wm. Hammond.. Orrin X. Giddings Kricnd Calmer... James K. I'ittman James E, Pittman DeWitt C.Gage.. ileber LeFavour. DeGarmo Jones.. Frederick Morley Friend Palmer Eb. O. Grosvenor Wm. Hammond.. John F.Miller Jerome Croul... James A. Dwiglit. David H. Jerome. H. A. Newland... Ch. J. Dickerson. Wm. K. Gibson... Eugene Pringle.. Isaac Delano A. .S. Williams. .. A. W. Williams.. H. M. Whittlesey. C. W. Loinngwell. John Kobertson.. J. H. Fountain... Wm. M. Fenton... E. H. Tliomson. .. Eb. O. Grosvenor John F, Miller James E. Pittman Wm. Hammond.. Jerome ('roul N. B. Eldridge... Omar D. Conger. A. T. Crossman.. James A. Dwight David H. Jerome. Jackson Flint Detroit Manchester... Tekonsha Kalamazoo... Detroit Detroit Detroit East Saginaw. Detroit Detroit Detroit Detroit Jonesville Tekonsha Ann Arbor Detroit Ypsilanti Saginaw Detroit Hillsdale Jackson Jackson Flint Detroit Lansing Detroit Grand Rapid- Detroit Manchester .. Flint... , Flint , Jonesville Ann Arbor... Detroit Tekonsha Detroit Lapeer Port Huron. Flint Ypsilanti Saffiiniw Gov.& Com.-in-Chief Adjutant General Q. M. General u u Paymaster Inspector General.. Judge Advocate Ass't Adj't General. A. Q. M. General. Aid-do-Camp u u il, ii Military Secretary, .•^tate Military Boan Jan. 1. 1861... Jan. 1,1865... March 15. 1861 April 1, 1861. March 2o. 1863 March 21,1865 March 26. 1867 May 21.1861. Nov. 1.1862.. March 10, 1865 April 1, 1861. June 15,1861. May 6, 1862.. May 17, 1861.. May 15, 1861.. Mav 15.1861.. May 15,1861.. Mav 15, 1861 .. Oct. 1, 1863 .. .March 10.1865 March 10,1865 March 10.1865 Mav 15. 1861 . Sept. lo. 18(;2 March U), 1865 March 11.185!) March ll,185ept. 13. 1862. March 10.1865. Sept. 16. 1865. Sept. 19. 1861. April 25,1861. Sei)t. 19, 1861. Sept. 19. 1861. Jan. 18, 1862. Jan. 18. 1J<62. Aug. 7. 1.^61. De.-. 6. 1862. Marcli 11.1865. Jan. 31, 1862. Dec. 6. 1.S62. March 25. 1863. Feb. 28. 1874. Dec. 6, 1862. Jan. 19, 1869. Manh 13,1873. March 11. 1865. March 13, 1873. PREFACE. It was not contemplated that in this work any history of the State prior to> the commeucement of the war would be included, and really none subsequent to that period, farther than that connected with the services of the regiments in the field. But, on considering the matter, the subject of raising the regi- ments and the work accomplished in the State in connection therewith seemed to be a necessity in order to make the entire action of Michigan in the war as complete as possible, hence that has been included, although in a very brief manner. To say that Michigan performed her whole duty in her efforts to aid in suppressing the rebellion would not be saying enough; for, considering the low ebb of her finances at the time, it was an undertaking under great disadvan- tage, and especially so as Michigan, like most of the other States, had in the past made but a very feeble preparation, in a military point of view, to meet an emergency of that magnitude. But, placed as she was at the time under these disadvantageous circumstances, she determined to overcome all obstacles, and placing implicit reliance upon the intelligence of her people and faith in their great love for the "Old Flao-," coupled with their pronounced loyalty and patriotism which seemed so uni- versally to prevail, Michigan entered the contest, and with truthful earnestness and indomitable energy, confident of final and complete success, commenced her great and bloody sacrifice for the Nation's life. By the unbounded zeal and liberality of her people in the cause of the Union, and especially by the bravery, efficiency, and great prowess of her troops in the field, she was most successful, acquiring an exalted position among her sister States, and in the Nation while the war lasted, and Michigan is now, and will continue to be, the recipient of much credit and distinction for her part in suppressing the rebellion. To Governor Croswell and the Ijegislature of 1879 the citizens of Michigan, and particularly the soldiers, are under many obligations for the unanimity with which they authorized the publication of this work; and although it may be found deficient in many respects, still it will be accepted as a deserved tribute by the State of Michigan to the people, and especially to her troops, who bore the brunt of the war and gave many of the best days of their lives to hardship and danger, while many of them gave their lives. PREFACE. It will be observed that the histories of the regiments vary as to extent, which is attributable to the difiEerence in completeness of regimental reports. While some are full, others are very limited, and it may here be said that the brief histories generally required more research than those of regimentsiiaving on file a more full and complete record. In its preparation the compiler has labored industriously, and he hopes that his great desire and efforts to avoid inaccuracies and omissions will be accepted as an excuse for their occurrence. In his labor he has received much needed countenance and encouragement. And while he has been under obligations to many, he has to make special mention of Miss Amy F. Hendryx of Lansing, the proof-reader, whose careful reading, and in many instances needful corrections, have been of valuable service in improving the composition ; while the strict attention, care, and patience, coupled with the good taste of Frederick D. Carnahau of Lansing, assistant foreman of the book room in the State printing office, have given the topography of the work a neat and uniform appearance. He has also to acknowledge the promptness with which Messrs. W. S. George & Co., the State printers, have accomplished their work, together with the creditable manner in which it has been done, and also to notice the valuable suggestions regarding the make-up of the work received from time to time at the hands of Wm. Van Buren, their capable and courteous business manager. He at the same time desires to notice specially the valuable assistance and efficiency of Mr. W. C. Humphrey, clerk in the Adjutant General's office-, whose laborious and faithful service in connection with the work has been of the greatest value. The proof-reading of the revised edition has been ably accomplished by Miss Hattie E. Chadwick, to whom the compiler is under many obligations for careful reading and valuable corrections, while Mr. David E, Goodrich, the stereotyper, by continuous effort and great ability, has accomplished a work most satisfactory. IJNTKODUCTION. The American Rebellion, in 1861, was the consummation of a long and increasing deLerniuiatiou to resist grievances, which the Southern States unreasonably claimed to have received for a series of years at the hands of the Northern States. Imaginary wrongs of the past— unpromising shadows of the future— the decay of political power-the -Irrepressible Conflict" in force— the dreadful handwriting on the wall, foretelling the doom of human slavery— the pro- nounced hostility of the press— the continuous and earnest denouncement of it from the pul])it— the increasing sentiment of the northern masses against it— the enactment of laws by Congress circumscribing its limits, together with the election of a President, the choice of a party professing open hostility to its extension, and foreshadowing the accomplishment of its utter abolition, led to a declaration of secession from the Union of most of the States in which slavery existed, and the repudiation of the National Government and its laws— the setting up of a revolutionary government and the armament of a force to maintain it— the inauguration of hostilities by the perpetration of acts of war on National forts and ships,— the vile desecration of the Flag, and the onset of a vicious and vindictive rebellion in force. The sudden uprising in rebellion in so formidable proportions unfortunately found all departments of the National Government, as well as Slates, unpre- pared for its fearful emergencies, and as they were unanticipated they were unprovided for. War was then to the American people only as a name. They had been lulled into a condition of repose by years of comparatively social tranquillity, amid great commercial and increasing prosperity. They had not for many years realized the dreadful realities of war in their own country, and had for a long time been only cognizant of its devastating results as they from time to time heard of its existence in other nations; and while they were confident of not meeting it from any external source, had forgotten the possibility of encounter- ing it within their own borders; and rarely or never, even in thought, admit- ted that it might hastily become a fearful fact, even refusing, almost up to the last moment, to credit the most probable predictions of the loyal, and dis- regarding the continuous and defiant threatenings of the disloyal, of a coming 10 INTRODUCTION. eclipse on the peace of the Natiou, until its terrible shadow, in all its gloom, had fallen upon their country. It was not until the walls of Sumter were being laid in smoking ruins by rebel batteries, and the National Flag riddled by shot and shell, that the people of the land became undeceived, the dreadful responsibilities acknowl- edged and accepted, and the action determined upon which was at once needed. The emergency was sudden and alarming. Prompt action and strong meas- ures must at once prevail; the necessities of the time must be met; the exist- ing deficiencies supplied ; the burdens of the struggle borne ; great sacrifices of life and means must be made, and a country saved. How these were so trium- phantly accomplished has gone into history as the grandest achievement on record. Michigan, in common with the other Northern States, had shared in the prevailing indifference as to possible internal discord which might lead to a civil war, and had never actually or impliedly conceded its possibility until the first blow was struck. The people had made the wish father to the thought, that as American citizens they were loyal to the Nation ; they would expect it in others, and proposed to hold all innocent until guilt was indisputably proven. Thus the times of peace had not been devoted to a preparation for war. The preliminary arming, the antecedent training, the husbanding of resources, the abatement of encumbrances, the occupancy of advantageous positions necessary to enter a terrible conflict, had all been forgotten in the fancied security of continuing peace ; and the enemy vigorously assailed the walls while the unthinking garrison was yet engaged in the peaceful avoca- tions of life, and the rusty weapons of years past yet remained in quiet arsenals of the land until they became a prey to treason and rebellion. The militia of the State had been struggling for years to acquire a recogni- tion as an institution of the State, but so far it had failed. It was rather looked upon as a burlesque on the military profession, than as an efficient and necessary part of the State government. Yet, neglected and feeble as it was considered, it formed a nucleus from which rallied the first regiments sent to the field in defense of the Union, and from it germed much of the esprit de corps which characterized the early Michigan regiments, coupled with superior military appearance and general etficiency, and which became more or less infused into many other regiments throughout the war. To the efforts of Col. F. W. Curtenius, of Kalamazoo, then Adjutant General, the State was more indebted for whatever efficiency was found in the Militia at the outbreak of the war, than to the meager and limited provisions of law. The entire available force at the time consisted of twenty-eight companies, poorly equipped and armed, having an aggregate strength of 1,241 officers and men. For the entire support of this military establishment the State annually INTRODUCTION. ^^ spent the enormous sum of three thousand dollars, appropriated by the Legisla- ture. No wonder the people of Michigan regarded it at a very low ebb and most delicately feeble, when such an estimate was placed upon it by the State Legislature. Although the State was physically weak in a military point of view, as well as in financial resources, it was strong in principle, the morale of the people being loyal to the core and true as steel. Governor Wisner, on retiring from the Executive chair at the close of his term in 1860, delivered an eloquent and cogent address to the Legislature of 1861. After presenting, in the usual way, full and well considered summaries of all the essential facts regarding the manifold important and varied interests of the State, he took up the discussion of the grave condition of the country at that time, over which a dark cloud had been cast by a recent passage in several Southern States of ordinances of secession, foreboding most dire results. In his language there was not a shadow of faltering, no tinge of disaffection, no uncertain sound. With intense earnestness he breathed devotion to the Union and the Flag in every sentence. Every paragraph was a stirring argument, counseling the maintenance of the Union, denouncing treason, and invoking patriotism. We quote from these inspiring utterances, words which fell upon the ear of patriots amid doubt, disloyalty, and danger, like tidings of better days and harbingers of future glory : "This is no time for timid and vacillating councils, when the cry of treason and rebellion is ringing in our ears." "The Constitution, as our fathers made it, is good enough for us, and must be enforced upon every foot of American soil." "Michigan cannot recognize the right of a State to secede from this Union. We believe that the founders of our Government designed it to be perpetual, and we cannot consent to have one star obliterated from our Flag. For upwards of thirty years this question of the right of a State to secede has been agitated. It is time it was settled. We ought not to leave it for our children to look after." "I would calmly but firmly declare it to be the fixed determination of Michigan that the Federal Constitution, the rights of the States, must and shall be preserved." It was but a short time until jiersonal example followed these glowing words, this noble advice. His fidelity to the Union and the honor of his State prompted him soon to take the field, where a short but bright and promising career gave the name of Moses Wisner to the long list of Michigan martyrs to American liberty. Following the valedictory of Governor Wisner, the Legislature of 1861 list- ened with intense interest to the inaugural of Austin Blair, his successor, who, in a profound and philosophical address, set forth the true nature of our system of government, and the real meaning of the present and impending issues, and closed with these emphatic and forcible utterances: VZ INTRODUCTION. "We are satisfied with the Constitution of our country, and will obey the laws enacted under it, and we must demand that the people of all the other States do the same ; safety lies in this path alone. The Union must be pre- served, and the laws must be enforced in all parts of it at whatever cost^ The President is bound to this by his oath, and no power can discharge him from it. Secession is revolution, and revolution in the overt act is treason and must be treated as such. The Federal Government has the power to defend itself, and I do not doubt that that power will be exercised to the utmost. It is a question of war that the seceding States have to look in the face. They who think that this powerful Government can be disrupted peacefully have read history to no purpose. The sons of the men who carried arms in the seven years war with the most powerful nation in the world, to establish this Govern- ment, will not hesitate to make equal sacrifices to maintain it. Most deeply must we deplore the unnatural contest. On the heads of the traitors who pro- voke it must rest the responsibility. In such a contest the God of battles has no attribute that can take sides with the revolutionists of the slave States. "I recommend you at an early day to make manifest to the gentlemen who represent this State in the two Houses of Congress, and to the country, that Michigan is loyal to the Union, the Constitution, and the laws, and will defend them to the uttermost ; and to proffer to the President of the United States the whole military power of the State for that purpose. Oh ! for the firm, steady hand of a Washington, or a Jackson, to guide the ship of State in this perilous storm. Let us hope that we shall find him on the 4th of March. Meantime, let us abide in the faith of our fathers — 'Liberty and Union, one and inseparable, now and forever.' " The sentiment of the people of the State had by this time been educated up to expecting prompt and decisive action by the Legislature and they were not disappointed. Inspired by its own steadfast and invincible amor patricB, it was quick in defining its position and unfurling its colors to the breeze, declaring in joint resolutions passed February 2d, 1861, the adherence of the State to the Government of the United States, pledging and tendering all its military power and material resources, and also declaring that concession or com- promise was not to be entertained or offered to traitors. Nothing, however, was definitely attempted by the State authorities, and no actual defensive or aggressive measures were undertaken until the gigantic struggle was fully inaugurated by the fire upon Fort Sumter of the encircling batteries of the rebels in Charleston Harbor, when all hope of evading an inevitable conflict gave place to prompt and needful action. Those awful tidings were received on April 12th, creating the wildest excite- ment all over the State, and in Detroit, the people, much alarmed, commenced estimating how united the public officials and people would be in the cause of the Union. On the following day a meeting of the Bar, with other citizens, was held, presided over by the Yenerable Judge Ross Wilkins of the United States Court, when the United States officials were required to take the oath of allegiance, and resolutions were adoi)ted denouncing and repudiating the treason, and pledging the community to "stand by the Government to the i INTRODUCTION. 13 last." By the following Monday (April 15th), the surrender of the South Carolina fort was known throughout the land, and Michigan had received the President's call for 75, (.00 volunteers, assigning her own quota. The emer- gencies and duties of the hour were then fully realized by the people of the State, and the uprising was universal. Most cities and towns were holding meetings in open air, in public buildings,— even in Christian churches,— pledg- ing fidelity and pecuniary assistance to the Nation in its hour of great peril, and volunteers in large numbers were congregating and demanding instant service for the Union, while the watch-fires of patriotism had been kindled on every hillside and in every valley, burning and flashing with intense brightness, at once cheering and inspiring. Michigan was extremely fortunate in her Executive. His examjjle and utterances in public and private, full of loyalty, patriotism, and courage, gave an abiding tone to public sentiment, and inspired the troops. And although the intense prevailing patriotism of the people of Michigan was undoubtedly the main source of the high standard reached by her troops in this respect, yet it being so eminently inherent in her ''War Governor," Austin Blair, and which he so ekxiuently imparted to them on every fitting occasion, impressed it on their minds with so much earnestness as to produce most beneficial and enduring effects. The State was equally fortunate in her Legislative bodies, being composed of men thoroughly in sympathy with the Union cause, opposing with great earnestness and ability any measures tinctured in the least with secession or even a shadow of compromise, and as a result their declarations in this respect were ''stalwart" and decided, not minced in clipped or timid words, nor faint in expression, but bold, pronounced, and defiant. In the management of her interests at the National capital the State was well represented, having in the several departments of the Government men of influence who esteemed the reputation of their State, and were ever anxious and prompt to advance her cause. In her Representatives in both houses of Congress she was especially favored, and with these advantages Michigan unhesitatingly, but reluctantly, although hopefully and fearlessly, launched her bark on the turbulent sea of war on rebelliou. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR P^RT I. IN THE STATE. " Throughout the land there aroes a cry ; A sudden splendor fills the sky, From every hill the banners burst, Like buds by April breezes nurst ; In every hamlet, home, and mart, The firebeat of a single heart Keeps time to strains whose pulses mix Our blood with that of Seventy -Six." RAISING OF TROOPS. Governor Blair reached Detroit on Tuesday, April 16th, 1861, and in the afternoon, at the Michigan Exchange, met by arrangement the State Military Officers and a large number of leading citizens and capitalists of that city. The President of the United States had called upon the State to furnish one regiment of infantry fully armed, clothed, and equipped, to aid the Government in suppressing tlie existing rebellion. It was then estimated that $100,000 would be at once required for this purpose, but the treasury was comparatively empty, and the condition of the State finances was such that this pressing call could not be immediately met. When this condition of affairs was laid before the meeting by the Hon. John Owen, State Treasurer, a resolution was unhesitatingly passed pledging Detroit to loan the State $50,000, at the same time calling upon the State generally to make a like advance. At this meet- ing a subscription paper was at once circulated, and $23,000 pledged by those present, and to complete the whole amount committees were appointed to solicit further subscriptions in the city. Such prompt and liberal action could not fail to be successful, and furnished the sinews of war for the time being at least. Mr. Owen, with these pledges of the people in hand, coupled with his own good credit, succeeded in negotiating a loan which was mostly taken by our own citizens, sufficient to warrant the Executive to undertake uniforming and equi})ping troops. The amounts thus raised, as well as all other indebted- ness incurred in like manner, were assumed by the State on the assembling of the Legislature. The necessity for such action on the part of citizens of Michigan, when con- trasted with the present substantial condition of the State, financially, sets forth in the strongest light her rapid advance in prosperity and wealth, even in the face of a large war debt, which is now virtually canceled. Following is a list of tin- rii;bscnbers referred to, with the dtites at which their subscriptions were made ; 3 18 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. DATE. NAME AND RESID] ENCE. Amount. Date. NAME AND RESI DENCE. Amount. 1861. 1861. ^ AprU 20 J. V. CampbeU, Del roit... |500 April 23 Cobb & Pettee, B. ittle C'k $25 «< David Preston, ' ' --- 100 " Sutton & Co., 25 " E. J. Penniman, Ply mouth. 500 P. Tregent, 25 May 2 Shubal Conant, " 500 " Godfrey, Dean & Laible, " J.T.WhitingifcCo." 25 Detroit 50 II Jacob Beeson, " 250 << Ross Wilkin s, Detroit 25 II E. M. Clark, " 100 April 27 Chauncey Hurlbut, Detroit 500 II E. A. Brush, " 500 " Vincent J. Scott, " 100 II J. A. Hoys, " 50 " F. Wetmore, " 200 " H. H. Emmons, " 50(1 " Henry Waldron, Hillsdale. 500 11 S. M. Beeson, Niles 100 II W. M. Fenton, Flint . 1,000 500 500 II II II H. Hallh . 500 " C. H. Cook, 25 May 15 E. 0. Grosvenor, Jonesville 500 (C C. P. Dibble, A. T. Vary, 100 50, " !?81,020 On April 16 a proclamation was issued by the Governor calling for ten com- panies of volunteers, and directing the Adjutant General to accept the first ten that should offer, and making it the duty of that officer to issue all necessary orders, and give such instructions in detail as might be required. The move- ment thus inaugurated was at once successful, the companies responding most promptly, the tender of troops far exceeding the number required by the gen- oral Government, and thus all the duties of the hour were promptly met and discharged. Note. — The following telegram vi'as sent over the wires, in the form given below, and ■delivered to the Adjutant- General of Michigan with gieat secrecy. It is inserted for the the purpose of showing the agitation and distrust manifested among the Western people In the early days of the war. The Illinois Central Railroad Company, at whose instance the dispatch was made, feared a raid on their line, and were preparing to meet it : Chicago, April — , 1861. Others and, Chicago Mayor, Governor our by signed Blair Governor to directed mes- sage have, secret profound a this keep to and, want immediate in are we, us to them bring will Central Michigan, Adjutant-General tell, once at, them have they if, Michigan from arms of stand tliousand live or one wants Governor our. (Juns no but, ready ai'e troops. Borders own our on invasion suppress to troops send to orders have State our. 2Z MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. The Governor had also issued a proclatnation on April 2d, convening the Legislature in extra session at Lansing on the 7th of May. The Legislature met pursuant to the call, when a stirring address was delivered by the Gov- ernor, in which he gave a detail of the work already accomplished, aoji at the same time asked the Legislature to legalize his past action, and to invest the State authorities with sufficient power for the future. A session of four days resulted in the passage of laws endorsing the acts of the Governor, and clothing him with full authority to raise ten regiments;, also to effect a loan of one million dollars, which was speedily accomplished. The Legislature, fully appreciating the patriotic and perilous services required of the troops, and the sacrifices which must be made by their families in their absence, especially as to a means of support, and at the same time anticipating that some might be unprovided for, or might be left in want by the contingencies or casualties of war, wisely enacted the ''Soldiers' Belief Law,"^ to contribute aid to their families by counties; this allowance to be made in the discretion of the supervisors according to circumstances, but not to exceed fifteen dollars a month, and in case of the death of a soldier, to continue one year thereafter. This relief was unquestionably administered with that generous liberality which the law contemplated. Yet the duty was neither easy nor desirable, as it required much labor, good judgment, discrimination, and delicacy, at the same time giving opportunity for much censure. While imposition on the counties had to be guarded against, respect for the claims of applicants wa& demanded, and in its distribution there was a degree of delicacy requisite in barring the least idea of a charity, and in establishing one of a right. The Quartermaster General, J. H.Fountain, a faithful and energetic officer, who had been appointed in March, was charged with clothing, equipping, and subsisting the troops on contracts made by the "Military Contract Board, "^ organized May 15th by Legislative authority, and composed of Colonels E. O. Grosvenor, Jonesville; Jerome Croul, Detroit; and William Hammond, Tekonsha. Individual ability -and great energy, coupled with exemplary economy, characterized this Board, relieving the Quartermaster General of much labor and responsibility. General A. S. Williams and Colonel H. M. Whittlesey, of Detroit, Colonel A. W. Williams, of Lansing, and Col. C. W. Leffingwell, of Grand Rapids, constituted the State Military Board, with the Adjutant General and Quarter- master General as members ex officio. Colonel William M. Fenton, of Flint, was in June following appointed a member of the Board in place of Colonel Williams, who had gone to the field with the Second Infantry. Soon after, Colonel Fenton entered the service as Colonel of the Eighth Infantry, and was succeeded by Colonel E. H. Thomson, of Flint, who, on the 13th of August, was elected President of the Board. Jabez H. Fountain, of Manchester, was commissioned Quartermaster Gen- MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 23 eral April Ist, 1861, serving until March 25th, 1863, and was a faithful and energetic oflBcer. Friend Palmer, of Detroit, was appointed Assistant Quartermaster General in May following. His experience of several years in the Quartermaster's department of the regular army rendered him a valuable oflScer, and to him the State was greatly indebted for the efficient and economical direction given to the administration of that department. General William Hammond succeeded General Fountain March 25th, 1863, and served until March 25th, 18(J5, when he was relieved by the appointment of General 0. N. Giddings of Kalamazoo. Both these officers served with marked ability and faithfulness. General Giddings having resigned in March, 1867, was succeeded by General Palmer, who served until September, 1870. On the 21st of May, 1861, Colonel James E. Pittman, of Detroit, was appointed State Paymaster, and served in that capacity, making large dis- bursements, as pay to troops while in the service of the State, a duty which he faithfully performed. He was also a member of the State Military Board from September 19th, 1861, until November 1st, 1862, when he was appointed Inspector General of the State, serving until March, 1867. At the commencement of the war General Jno. Kobertson held the appoint- ment of Adjutant General of the State, has served continuously since that time, and is now in service in that capacity. Captain Heber LeFavour was appointed Assistant Adjutant General April Ist, 1861, which appointment he held until June 15th following, when he was commissioned as a Captain in the Fifth Michigan Infantry, and took the field with that regiment. Captain DeGarmo Jones succeeded him and served until May 6th, 1862, when he resigned. Both these officers served with marked efficiency. Colonel Frederick Morley was commissioned May 6, 1862, as Assistant Adjutant General, serving with eminent ability and distinction, until March 11, 1865, rendering arduous and valuable service to the State. The President's call upon Michigan for troops was promptly met by the muster in of the First Regiment and its early movement to the seat of war, in Virginia. In the meantime, authority had been received from the War Department to raise three other regiments, but at the same time stating that it was "impor- tant to reduce rather than increase that number." This authority only cov- ered the 2d, 8d, and 4th Infantry, already in process of recruitment, while many companies throughout the State, not included in the organizations referred to, had been recruited without authority in the hope of obtaining place in those or other regiments, but were disappointed, and most of them souglit and found service in the troops of other States. This limited policy of the government was extremely at variance with the views of Governor Blair regarding the necessities of the country at the time, 34 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and deeming immediate preparation to meet emergencies necessary, he estab- lished the "Camp of Instruction" referred to in the second part of this work. The great pressure for the acceptance of companies continued unabated, while the applications for appointments as commissioned officers had4:eached the maximum, and the Governor was continuously importuned by influential citizens of both political parties to a most unbearable degree, while men were being forced by them upon his attention for favorable consideration, regardless of natural or acquired qualifications for the place. In fact, this continued durmg the entire earlier part of the war, and although much care was uni- formly exercised in making selections, both as to original appointment and promotion in the field, it is but reasonable to expect that some mistakes were made. In his perplexing and responsible position. Governor Blair always recognized qualifications for the office, and loyalty to the cause, as the tests, more than personal friendship or political status. Under a law of Congress of August 3d, the President was authorized to receive into service 500,000 volunteers, and while the proportion of Michigan was understood to be 19,500, the State was charged with 21,337 on an adjust- ment of credits. Michigan, in response to this requisition, continued a vigorous recruitment, sending regiment after regiment to the field, and up to December, 18(51, had sent to the front 13 regiments of infantry, 3 of cavalry, and 5 batteries of light artillery, with a total strength of 16,475 officers and men. Ten of these regi- ments, one battery, and one company had been subsisted, clothed, and i)artly armed by the State. In addition to this, 13 companies had gone into service in regiments of other States, failing, as before stated, to find service in those of their own. Governor Blair, on January 2d, 1862, delivered his message to the Legisla- ture, then in extra session, from which the following extract is made, and which was accepted at the time as an expression of the people of the State on the war question : "I cannot close this brief address without an illusion to the great object 1;hat occupies all men's minds. The Southern rebellion still maintains a bold front against the Union armies. That is the cause of all our complications .abroad and our troubles at home. To deal wisely with it is to find a sliort and ■easy deliverance from them all. The people of Michigan are no idle specta- tors of this great contest. They have furnished all the troops required of them, and are preparing to pay the taxes and to submit to the most onerous burdens without a murmur. They are ready to increase their sacrifices, if need be, to require impossibilities of no man, but to be patient and wait. But to see the vast armies of the Republic, and all its pecuniary resources used to protect and sustain the accursed system which has been a perpetual and tyran- nical disturber, and which now makes sanguinary war upon the Union and the Constitution, is precisely what they will never submit to tamely. The loyal States having furnished adequate means, both of men and money, to crush the MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 26 rebellion, have a right to expect those men to be used with the utmost vigor to accomplish the object, and that without any mawkish sympathy for the inter- est of traitors in arms. Upon those wlio caused the war, and now maintain it, its chief buidens ought to fall. No property of a rebel ought to be free from confiscation — not even the sacred slave. The object of war is to destroy the power of the enemy, and whatever measures are calculated to accomplish that object, aud are in accordance with the us;iges of civilized nations, ought to be employed. To undertake to put down a powerful rebellion, and, at the same time, to save and protect all the chief souices of the power of that rebellion, seems to common minds but a short remove from simple folly. He who is not for the Union, unconditionally, in this mortal struggle is against it. The highest dictates of patriotism, justice, and humanity, combine to demand that the war should be conducted to a speedy close upon principles of the most heroic energy and retributive power. The time for gentle dalliance has long since passed away. We meet an enemy, vindictive, bloodthirsty, and cruel, profoundly in earnest, inspired with an energy and self-sacrifice which would honor a good cause, respecting neither laws, constitutions, nor historic mem- ories, fanatically devoted only to his one wicked pur})()se to destroy the Government and establish his slaveholding oligarchy in its stead. To treat this enemy gently is to excite his derision. To protect his slave property is to help him to butcher our people and burn our houses. No. He must be met with an activity and a purpose equal to his own. Hurl the Union forces, which outnumber him two to one, upon his whole line like a thunderbolt; pay them out of his property, feed them from his granaries, mount them upon his horses, and carry them in his wagons, if he has any, and let him feel the full force of the storm of war which he has raised. I would apologize neither to Kentucky nor anybody else for these measures, but quickly range all neutrals either on the one side or the other. Just a little of the courage and ability which carried Napoleon over the Alps, dragging his cannon through the snow, would quickly settle this contest, and settle it right. If our soldiers must die, do not let it be of the inactivity and diseases of camps, but let them at least have the satisfaction of falling like soldiers, amid the roar of battle, and hear- ing the shouts of victory; then will they welcome it as the tired laborer •welcomes sleep. Let us hope that we have not much longer to wait." Equally estimating with the Governor the great emergencies and necessities of the country, the Legislature, with firmness and pluck worthy of the people which they represented, passed with much uhanimity the following well-timed and eminently proper joint resolution in reference to the rebellion : "Whereas, The Government of the United States is engaged in putting down a causeless and wicked rebellion against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated by ambitious men to obtain political power, — a Government, the safety and perpetuity of which must ever rest upon the loyalty of its citizens and un adherence to the Constitution ; ** And Whereas, The welfare of mankind, the usefulness and power of the Nation are involved in the events and issues of the present conflict ; therefore, be it "7]^eso?ye^ (the House concurring), That Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Federal Government, reaffirms lier undying hostility to traitors, her abid- ing love for freedom, and her confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of the National Administration. 26 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ^* Resolved (the House concurring), that the people of Michigan deem it the imperative duty of the Government to speedily put down all insurrection against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of every constitutional niean8, and by the employment of every energy it possesses; that Michigan stands firm in her determination to sustain, by men and treasure, the Con«Litution and the Union, and claims that the burtben of loyal men should be lightened, as far as possible, by confiscating to the largest extent the property of all insurrectionists; and that as between the institution of slavery and the main- tenance of the Federal Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say, that in such exigency, slavery should be swept from the land, and our country main- tained. " Resolved, That the Governor be requested to forward a copy of the forego- ing preamble and resolutions to each of our Senators and Representatives in Congress. " Approved January 18, 18(32." Kecruiting was being vigorously prosecuted at the commencement of 1862, and under most favorable circumstances, brought about to some extent by a brisk competition between officers, often leading to various schemes for induc- ing recruits to change regiments both before and after muster. A practice then considered sharp, but which was neither legitimate nor scarcely honest, but still considered by some as evincing a degree of energy, and by some called SMART. And although this mode of operating was protested against from time to time, and complaints made leading to the publication of orders against it, yet it was found impossible to prevent the practice, and it was generally excused under a plea of zealous purpose. At this time there were in progress of rapid recruitment five regiments of infantry and three batteries of artillery. Their completion was most indus- triously pushed by the officers engaged, and by the end of March, 1862, they had all left the State for the field. In addition to these, a Lancer regiment, three companies of Sharp-shooters, and a company for service at Mackinac had been organized and mustered into service. The reports made in July to the Adjutant General's office by the several regiments, batteries, and companies, gave an addition of 2,028 recruits to their original strength, showing up to July 1st a total enrollment of 24,281 offieeis and men since the commencement of the war, which, together with an esti- mated number of 1,453 enlistments in companies in service of other States, gave 25,734 as a grand total. To this may be added the Lancer regiment dis- banded, and the Chandler Horse Guard, making an uggi'egate of nearly 2?,0UO men placed in service prior to the 1st of July, 1862; thus exiiibiting u suri»lus of over 6,000 over and above the number required to comply with all the demands of the Government, and establishing a degree of patriotism and promptness unsurpassed by any other State. The following is taken from the Red Book of Michigan : "During McClellan's disastrous peninsula campaign in May and June, the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 2? Michigan regiments had become much depleted by the usual casualties of ser- vice tuid by wounds, disease, and death, wliilst recruiting had etitirelv failed in the State. Tlie l?th Infantry was then organizing, and it was found almost in) possible to obtain men for its completion, and recruits for regiments in the field could not be enlisted under any circumstances. "This fearful condition of affairs had assumed so formidable a shape as to make it necessary to hold public meetings in some localities of the State to stimulate the peoiile to more energy in the cause of tiie Union, and especially in recruiting for the regiments in the field. A public meeting for that pur- pose was called in Detroit, to be held in the afternoon of Tuesday, tlie 15th July, and on assembling on the Campus Martins in accordance with the call, ai,d while the business in view was being proceeded with the gathering was surprised by a mob of men, who furiously interrupted the deliberations and entirely broke up and disj)ersed the meeting, driving the ofiicers from the stand, and compelling some of them to seek shelter and safety in the Russell House, a hotel adjacent to the Campus Martins. Tlie exhibition of this rebel spirit in our midst proved of immediate and lasting advantage to the cause of the army in the field, for it aroused such a feeling of indignation at tliese dis- loyal and treasonable operations, and such utter contempt for the ruffians who had been thus engaged, that the masses of the respectable citizens of both political parties determined that such proceedings should not be tolerated in Detroit, and therefore next day a meeting was appointed for Tuesday, the '22d of July, to carry out the objects of the previous meeting, and for ttie further purpode of maintaining the right of citizens to hold such meetings without interference or molestation. An immense gathering assembled under the call, severely rebuking the disloyal element, and with unbounded enthusiasm avow- ing a most faithful and persistent support; of the war, and pledging, with prodigal liberality, means and personal encouragement, and adopting instant nuasures for the recruitment of the regiments of the State, and urging the immediate reinforcement of the armies of the Union.'* This prompt and decided action of the citizens had the desired effect, giving recruiting new life and energy, and served to end all demonstrations in the metropolis of the State opposing the raising of men for the armies in the field. The meetitig referred to was held on the date stated, and although its intent was to affect the recruiting for regiments generally, yet much attention was given to the recruitment of the 24th Regiment, the raising of which had already been assigned to Henry A. Morrow, who liad received the appointment of Lieutenant Colonel of the regnnent. This meeting was made up of the most respectable and influential citizens of both political parties, and the speeches were of a very patriotic character, strongly condemning the dastardly action of a disloyal element which niani- fested itself at the former meeting called for the same purpose, and which was broken u|) by a mob, and its objects entirely frustrated. Tliis so thoroughly aroused public indignation that the masses turned out in their strength with a determination that it should not be interfered with, even if forcible measures should have to be resorted to in enforcing order. The meeting was also held with a view to devise ways and means to assist in raising the quota of men which Detroit was required to furnish. 28 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Early in the afternoon processions of mechanics from foundries, machine shops and ship yards, began to assemble on the Campus Martins, around the stand which had been erected for the speakers, where a band of music was dis- coursing patriotic airs. Then the citizens generally came in crowds frem their offices, shops, and stores. When the hour for which the meeting was appointed had arrived, the ground was covered for acres with a living, enthusiastic mass, breathing the strongest patriotism. They had come as determined men — they had come for a purpose, and with the intention of accomplishing what they ■came for. Tlie meeting was called to order by E. 0. Walker, Esq., who nominated the Hon. William 0. Duncan, then Mayor of the city, as President, who was ohosen unanimously. Hon. John Owen then named the following gentlemen as Vice Presidents: Hon. Lewis Cass, Hon. Koss Wilkins, Hon. Benjamin F. Witherell, Rt. Rev. Samuel A. McCoskry, Rt. Rev. P. P. Lefevre, Shubael Conant, William Bar- -clay, Charles C. Trowbridge, Col. J. V. Ruehle, Duncan Stewart, Alderman Joseph Godfrey, Alderman J. AV. Purcell, Alderman James Shearer, Cyrus W. Jackson, Adam Elder, Gordon Campbell, Edward Kanter, Charles Kellogg, Fred. Behr, Alexander Chapoton, Charles Busoh, Hugh Moffat, Fred. Buhl and Neil Flattery. The following were made Secretaries: Stanley G. Wight and C. "W^ood Davis. The President introduced the subject to the meeting in an a))propi'iate ad- dress. At the former meeting a committee to draft resolutions to submit to the people had been appointed, composed of Thomas M. McEntee, D. Bethune Duffield, William A. Moore, Dewitt C. Holbrook, William P. Yerkes, Chaun- <3ey Hurlbut and Henry A. Morrow. Mr. McEntee then lead the lesolutions, which were unanimously adopted. They breathed a most loyal spirit, a genuine patriotism, and suggested the ■consideration of certain measures, in favor of raising means, both by the city government and by the citizens. Eloquent speeches were made of a highly patriotic order by Col. Henry A. Morrow, Gen. Lewis Cass, Mark Flanigan, appointed Major of the 24th, Dun- can Stewart, C. L Walker, Halmer H. Emmons, and James F. Joy. When Mr. Joy closed, the President was about putting the motion to adjourn, when Mr. Emmons started and read, with thrilling effect, the following verses, and at the end of each stanza cheer upon cheer went up : We are coming. Father Abraham — three hundred thousand more, From Mississippi's winding stream and from New England's shore; We leave our plows and workshops, our wives and children dear. With hearts too full for utterance, with but a silent tear; We dare not look behind us, but steadfastly before — We are coming. Father Abraham — tinee hundred thousand more! MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 3& If you look across the hill-tops that meet the northern sky, Long moving lines of rising dust your vision may descry; And^'now the wind, an instant, tears the cloudy veil aside. And aoats aloft our spangled tlag in glory and in pride ; And bayonets in the sunlight gleam, and bands brave music pour— We are coming, Father Abraham— three hundred thousand more I If you look all up our valleys, where the growing harvests shine, • You may see our sturdy farmer-boys fast forming into line ; And children, from their mothers' knees, are pulling at the weeds, And learning how to reap and sow, against their country's needs ; And a farewdl group stands weeping at every cottage door— We are coming, Father Abraham— three hundred thousand more ! You have called us, and we're coming, by Richmond's bloody tide, To lay us down, for freedom's sake, our brothers' bones beside; Or from foul treason's savage grasp to wrench the murderous blade. And in the face of foreign foes its fragments to parade. Six hundred thousand loyal men and true have gone before— We are coming, Father Abraham— three hundred thousand more I Another attempt at adjournment was made, and again was vetoed. Colonel Morrow making the following announcements, which were received with cheers in every instance, showing most fully the spirit of the community in a financial point of view : John J. Bagley announces that he will give $10 to each man from the Third Ward who will enlist in the 24th regiment. ,,,-,, Mr. Gordon Campbell will give $10 to each man in the Tenth Ward who enlists in my regiment. . , j- I now declare that I want you to leave your spades at home, for no man m my recriment shall dig a ditch if there is a negro to be had in the country. Stanley G. Wight offers $10 to every man who enlists in the ^-Ith from the Tenth Ward. .,^ ^^^ ^ , , James F. Joy requests me to state that he will pay $.0 to each man who enlists in my regiment from the First Ward. Duncan Stewart generously purposes, in addition to offers already made by him, to give $10 to each man who enlists in my regiment from the Fust Ward. Each man wlio enlists in my regiment from the Second Ward, will receive from John Owen the sum of $10. . 1 am requested to state that (Japt. E. B. Ward, in addition to other contri- butions, will pay $10 to every man who will enlist in my regmient from the Ninth Ward. ^ .,^^ , Hon. Wm. C. Duncan, our worthy mayor, proposes to pay ^10 to eacli man who enlists in the 2Uh from the First Ward. Charles C. Trowbridge will pay $10 to each man who enlists m my regiment from the Seventh Ward. I am requested to state that Alexander Chapotou will pay to each man who enlists in my regiment, from the Third Ward, the sum of $10. Colonel N. Prouty will pay #10 to each man who enlists in the 24th from the Eighth Ward. 30 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. James Shearer offers to pay $10 to each man who enlists in my regiment from the Sixth Ward. H. P. Baldwin offers $10 to each man who enlists in my regiment from the Fifth Ward. Duncan Stewart, in addition to his other propositions, offers $l0^to each man enlisting in my reginxMit from the Eighth Ward. Now, gentlemen, help me to get up the regiment: I want to be off. [Great Applause.] Captain Ward further proposes to pay $10 to each man who enlists in my regiment from the Fourth Ward. I am requested to state that Cyrus W. Jackson will pay $10 to each man who enlists in the 24th from the Eighth Ward. Colonel Ruehle, on being requested to say a few words, remarked that he had just returned from the war. He found the impression prevailing that the Army of the Potomac had been all cut to pieces and badly wiiipped. This was not so. [Applause.] Any private in that army, if told that McClellan had been defeated, would feel insulted and indignantly deny the assertion. He had a son and two nephews in the Army of the Union, and he had been in. He was willing to go again. [Applause.] We wanted men, we tnust have them. Even when the rebels were conquered it would require a large army to keep them in subjection. The Government must be preserved in its integrity, all party ties and party feeling must be forgotten, and all men rally as one, until the glorious old flag floats triumphant from every hill-top and in every valley. The meeting then adjourned amid the heartiest enthusiasm, though an- nouncements were made before the crowd dispersed that D. M. Kichardson and J. E. King, of the Ninth AVard, would each contribute $5 to every man enlist- ing in Colonel Morrow's regiment from that ward, and that J. W. Frisbie, Jr., would give $5 to each man enlisting in the same regiment from the Fifth Ward, which announcements were received with cheers. The bounties offered at the meeting would sum up to each man as follows: First Ward, 830; Second Ward, $10; Third Ward, $t>0 ; Fourth Ward, $10; Fifth Ward, $15; Sixth Ward, $10; Seventh Ward, $20; Eighth Ward, $25; Ninth Ward, $20; Tenth Ward, $10. In addition, Mr. F. Buhl stated that he would pay $1 to each man who enlisted from the city of Detroit. Mr. G. McDonald, laboring man who earned his daily bread by hard toil, offered to contribute $50 toward raising half a company in the First Ward. The following from Bishop Lefevre, of the Roman Catholic Church, was read at the close of the meeting : Detroit, July 23, 1862. H. H. Emmons and Otliers : Deak Siks — I am greatly obliged by the kind invitation you this morning extended to me in behalf of the citizens you lepresented, to act as one of the Vice Presidents of the proposed meeting this afternoon. My engagements will prevent my being with you, but I avail myself of this opportunity to repeat my often expressed opinions in relation to the necessity of immediate action oa the part of all our people, irrespective of creeds and party divisions. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 31 The object of your meeting has my warmest sympathies, and I take great pleasure in iissuring my fellow-citizens that with n)uch opportunity for observa- tion I can k'lun of no difference of opinion in regard to it. All, without exception, seem determined to sustain our Government. I do most sincerely hope that, to .-ittain this great end, all differences of opinion relative to the means to accomplish it will be harmonized or abandoned. I am, yours, etc., P. B. LEFEVRE. The influence of this meeting spread throughout the State, greatly aiding in the lecruitment of seven otlier regiments, besides the 24th, viz. : 17th, 18lh, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, and 2od, all of which were fitted ready for the field within a little over thirty days, an example of recruiting not equaled in the State during the entire war. President Lincoln, advised by the Governors of the loyal States, who had consulted together regarding the emergency, issued a proclamation on July 2d for 5U0,(i00 men, the War Department assigning to Michigan a quota of 11,686. Oil the 15th of July orders were published from the Adjutant General's depart- ment of the State urgently appealing to the people for a prompt and effective resjx)nse, and prescribing regulations for a system of organization. The 17th Regfment was then in process of organization, being recruited in the State at large, while six regiments of infantry were ordered and appointed respectively to the six Congressional Districts. Camps were established for each and commanders appointed. The 18th at Hillsdale, Hon. Henry Waldron ; 19th at Dowagiac, Col. Henry C. Gilbert; 20th at Jackson, Hon. Fidus Liver- more ; 21st at Ionia, Hon. J. B. Welsh; 22d at Pontiac, Ex-Governor Moses Wisner; and the 23d at East Saginaw, Colonel D. H. Jerome. The Adjutant General of the State, in his report for 1862, says of the action of the people regarding this call : '' The response of the peo})le of the State to the President's call was patriotic and pr()mj)t almost beyond expectation. Individuals of every degree of promi- nence forthwith began to interest themselves in the business of filling the regi- ments. Communities gave to it their time and their almost exclusive attention, while, better than all, the substantial masses of the people offered themselves in person. War meetings were held in almost every village and tovvnsiiip in the State. Representatives of all classes converted themselves either into recruits or recruiting oflicors, and among the most efficient of the latter were ministers of the gospel, some of whom led the n;en they had enlisted into the field. "Immediately following the issue of the order referred to, applications reached the Adjutant General's office, by telegraph and otherwise, from all sections of the State, urging authority to recruit, and dcsii'ing instructions and forms for the enlistment of comj)anies. Facilities to promote this purpose were promptly furnished, and as soon as the camp grounds could be provided with suitable quarters men began to flock in by com])anie8 and detachments. The gentlemen who had been charged with the duty of supervising the organi- zation of the regiments performed their labors with diligence and success, and 32 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. in little over a month from the date of the President's call men sufficient had been raised in the State, and nearly enough were in camp to fill all the regi- ments which the War Department had asked for under the President's requisi- tion. "In the meantime, while patriotism was thus zealously manifesti-Hg itself in all portions of the State, the people of Detroit and of Wayne county desired an opportunity to put in the field a regiment of their own citizens, in addition to those already in progress. Authority was j^romptly given by the Governor for this purpose, and the 24th regiment was ordered organized under the direc- tion of Colonel H. A. Moirow, and placed in rendezvous at Detroit, making eight infantry regiments then in couise of completion." The following is from the Red Book of Michigan : "The Christian Church in this State generally proved, by its pronounced patriotism and manifest devotion to the cause of the country, an element of immense success. All true patriots commend its noble course, all faithful Christians endorse its glorious action. From the time that Sumter was fired on until Lee and Johnston laid down their rebellious arms, and Davis fled for his life, it encouraged and nerved by word and deed the soldier in the field, aided much in the recruitment of men by its approval of the cause, and its openly avowed abhorrence of rebels and those who sympathized with them and opposed tlie war. Whei'e it did not, cowardice nuist mean and groveling,' dis- loyalty gross, and blackest treason prevented its being included in the Provi- dence of God among the instrumentalities to save the nation, and hence neither deserves nor can expect any better fate than the certain condemnation of every true lover of his country and of his race, and tlie disapproval of the God of Nations. "The valuable services rendered at this time by the loyal press throughout the State can never be over-estimated; for its successful efforts in strengthen- ing the hands of public officers, in moulding public opinion in favor of loyalty to the Government, in encouraging patiiotism among the masses, and inspiring those at the front with a heroism leading to gallant deeds." Stand by the Flag, on land and on sea, was the motto of the women of Michigan, inspiring and scattering patriotism amongst the people, and in the ranks at the front. Never doubting, always hopeful, ever confident of success, trusting in God's help for the cause of liberty, humanity, and right, while their interest in behalf of the soldier was intense, and their industry for his benefit continuous. The Executive of the nation, Abraham Lincoln, was looking anxiously into the future and calling earnestly upon the States for information as to what he might e.\i ect to sustain him in meeting com-ng emergencies. Under date of July 28ll), he telegraphed to Governor Blair: "It would be of great service here for us to know, as fully as you can tell, what progress is made and making in recruiting for old regiments in your State. Also, about wliat day the first new regiment can move from you, what the second, what the third, and so on. This information is important to ua in making calculations. Please give it as inomptly and accurately as you can." MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 33 To this dispatch the Governor iustaiitly replied as follows: •' Very little can be done in recruiting old regiments until the new regiments are tilled up, althongli every exertion will be made to do so. The new regi- ments will commence to take the field about the 1st of September, or sooner if possible, and will all be in service in the field during that, month." In providing for the immense reinforcements to the national armies under this call, some delay in arming and equi|)j)ing the troops unavoidably occurred, and the Michigan regiments were ready before their field equipment. With great disi)atch, however, they were put in readiness for the field, and left the State fully armed, clothed, and equipped, prior to the 19th of September. On the completion of the eight regiments referred to, it was ascertained that in the rush to the rescue of the nation, more companies had been raised than could be placed in the district regiments, and on the 20th of August an order was issued from the Adjutant General's oflBce, directing the recruitment of the X'5th and 26th regiments of infantry, and assigning the surplus companies thereto. The 25th rendezvoused at Kalamazoo, under the direction of the Hon. H. G. Wells, commandant of camp, and the 26th at Jackson, in command of Colonel Judson S. Farrar. They were put in condition for active service with much promptness, and left the State immediately thereafter. About the time that the President's last call for volunteers appeared, the Governor had permission from the War Department to send into the field another regiment of cavalry, and authority was given to Colonel R. H. G. Miniy, then Lieutenant Colonel 3d Cavalry, to proceed at once to raise the 4th Cavalry. Soon after the organization of the 4th, Colonel J. T. Copeland, late of the 1st Cavalry, sought and obtained the peiniission of the War Department, approved by the Governor, to raise another regiment for the same branch of service ; and still later — when the President had issued an order providing for the draft of a further force of 300,000 men, — Hon. F. W. Kellogg, member of Congress from this State, secured authority (also subject to approval by the Governor) to raise two additional regiments for the same arm. The 5th and 6th Cavalry, comprising two of the three regiments tiius authorized, were recruited with great rapidity, and would have been in the field by the 1st of October, had horses, arms, and equipments been provided as fast as the men were ready for them. The patriotism of the men composing these regiments will not be questioned, as they entered the service in the darkest days of the war, and when money could not have entered into tlie question, as neither Government, State, nor local bounties were being ()aid, while, physically, mentally, and morally, the composite of these regiments was made up of the best young men of the State, and probably was not excelled in the troops of any other State, or in the armies of any other nation. 5 o^ MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The infantry regiments went to the front fully armed and equipped, their arms being of a superior quality to those which had been furnished to most of the preceding troops sent from the State, while the cavalry were equally well equipped, although they did not receive a portion of their arms until they reached the army in the field. From the Red Book of Michigan the following is taken : ** At the time the call was made by the President, and on which the regi- ments referred to were raised, much anxiety as to coming events and results existed throughout the land, and great despondency pervaded the masses, pre- vailing to an alarming extent in the army. The disasters of Bull Run and Ball's Bluff, and Banks's retreat from the Valley of the Shenandoah were fresh in the memory. McClellan's fruitless peninsula campaign had just terminated. Gloom covered the Union cause throughout the North, and loyal hearts were sad. But with these disasters and discouragements patriotism seemed to grap- ple, and strong and loyal men flocked to service under the standard of their country, without money or price, and with laudable determination. The regi- ments referred to were recruited in these memorable days, the darkest of the rebellion. Fighting had produced much suffering, and bullets death, and war had proved a fearful reality ; yet patriotism in Michigan was at its maximum, and her people demonstrated their indomitable pluck. ''While great activity prevailed among the people and in the State Military Departments in meeting the call of July 'M, strong hopes were entertained that the final requisition for additional volunteers had been reached. The President issued an order on the 4th of August for a draft to be made without delay of 300,000 militia to serve for nine months. On the 9th of the same month general orders were promulgated by the War Department, assigning the quotas of the several States, that of Michigan being 11,086, same as under the last call. " Special instructions of a later date directed that if volunteers for old and new regiments mustered from July 2d exceeded the number called for (11,686) the excess might be deducted from the number drafted. "Accepting the exigency, the Governor issued his proclamation to the proper civil officers of each township and ward to make a complete census of the citi- zens of proper age and forward returns to the county clerks of their respective counties on or before the 10th day of September following. This new demand upon the resources and patriotism of the people was assented to with great unanimity, and its propriety and necessity generally accepted, but the desire was to obviate a draft, and strong efforts were being put forth to furnish the quota in volunteers." It became necessary for the Governor to appoint commissioners to superin- tend the draft, while the sheriffs and clerks of counties were constituted recruiting officers. The Adjutant General issued orders determining the quota to be raised in each county, taking the census of 1860 as the basis, while the number of men which had been furnished by each county after July 2d was made up from the special returns of regiments. The following named persons were selected by the Governor and commis- sioned to carry the draft into effect in their respective counties: MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 33 Allegan, Henry Dumont, commissioner; L. Foster, surgeon. Branch, Geo. A. Coe, commissioner; Phineas P. IS'icliols, Henry B. Stillman, surgeons. Berrien, Charles E. Brown, commissioner; John M. Roe, Morgan Eiios, sur- geons. Bay, Henry Kaymond, commissioner; Chas. H. Reynolds, surgeon. Barry, Norman Bailey, commissioner; John Roberts, surgeon. Callioun, J. B. Greenough, commissioner; Z. T. Slater, W. H. Johnson, surgeons. Cass, Chas. \V. Clisbee, commissioner; Alonzo Garwood, surgeon. Clinton, R. Strickland, commissioner ; Dr. Topping, surgeon. Cheboygan, . Eaton, Joseph M. Hazlett, commissioner; Alden B. Sampson, surgeon. Emmet, . Genesee, Warner Lake, commissioner; Daniel Clarke, surgeon. Gratiot, , commissioner; John B. Cheeseman, surgeon. Grand Traverse, Morgan Bates, commissioner; , surgeon. Hillsdale, E. 0. Grosvenor, commissioner; A. Cressy, surgeon. Huron, W. D. Luddmgtou, commissioner. Ingham, Lemuel Woodliouse, commissioner; Dr. J. B. Hull, surgeon. Ionia, Albert Williams, commissioner. Isabella, . Jackson, Eugene Pringle, commissioner; Gordon Chittack, surgeon. Kent, P. H. L. Pierce, commis- sioner, Almon M. Ellsworth, surgeon. Kalamazoo, Charles S. May, commis- sioner; Wm. Mottram, surgeon. Lapeer, Virtulon Rich, commissioner; Oliver T. Strowbridge, surgeon. Livingston, William Riddle, commissioner; Chas. W. Haze, surgi'on. Lenawee, Perley Bills, commissioner; Dr. Pearsoll, Edwin P. Andrews, surgeons. Leelanaw, . Macomb, Dexter Muzzy, commis- sioner. Mecosta, . Midland, Lorenzo P. Taylor, commissioner. Man- itou, . Mason, . Manistee, . Monroe, Edwin P. Dorch, com- missioner and surgeon. Montcalm, R. K. Divine, commissioner. Muskegon, Chauiicey Davis, commissioner. Newaygo, John A. Brooks, commissioner; A. D. Leonard, surgeon. Oceana, . Ottawa, C. B. Albee, commissioner; J D. North, surgeon. Oakhmd, Clark Beardslee, commissioner. Shiawassee, lona Fuller, commissioner; David F. Alsdorf, surgeon. Saginaw, Addison Brewer, commissioner; Hiram C. Driggs, surgeon. St. Clair, Marcus H. Miles, commissioner; C. M. Stockwell, surgeon. St. Joseph, John W. Frey, ■commissioner, Francis J. Morse, surgeon. Tuscola, Charles B. Mills, com- missioner; Wm. Johnson, surgeon. Van Buren, 0. T. Welch, commissioner; John W. Emery, Eugene Bitely, Decatur, surgeons, Washtenaw, James A[cMahon, commit^sioner ; D. A. Post, Ebenezer Mills, surgeons. Wayne, Christian H. Buhl, commissioner; E. M. Clark, J. M. Swift, Louis Daven- port, Herman Keiffer, surgeons. C. H. Buhl, of Wayne, resigned after serv- ing a considerable time, and was succeeded by Joseph Warren. Where commissioners and surgeons were not appointed in the order referred to, authority was given to the sheriff to designate them with power to select surgeons. While preparations were being made to accomi)lish the draft, the government found it necessary, on account of a want of preparation in most of the States, to carry it into immediate effect, at the same time extending the time for the completion of the regiments in process of organization with a view to enable States to furnish their quotas by volunteers. As au encouragement, large local bounties were offered, and the most strenu- ous and effective measures were adopted and continued by most of the town- ships and wards to furnish the men required of them without recourse to a draft. 36 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The results of the military census, preparatory to making the draft, are presented in the following table taken from the Adjutant (jeneral's report for 1862. Where the figures are omitted in the first column, the counties failed to make returns. ^ TABLE Showing the Number of Persons between the Ages of 28 and 45 Enrolled by Assessors, Sejjtember 20, 2862, the Number Exempted, and the Number Subject to Draft ; together with the Number Returned in June, under a law of the State. COUNTY. No. of Men Knn.lliHi by Assfssurs. No. Exempted. No. Sul.ject to Draft. No Ketiirneti in June, uiicIhi' .Stait^ Liiw. Allegan 1.844 1,446 746 2,534 2,713 4,003 1,824 37 1,378 1,882 25 2,627 3,154 539 1,773 1,616 276 3,909 3,934 3,631 1,735 5,477 2,248 t;223 2,666 35 132 132 2,394 573 489 1,760 4,933 1,305 858 2,130 3,034 3,089 776 2,190 4,895 10,106 91,071 2,721 Barry 2,264 1,061 *818 315 1,814 Bay Berrien 3,172 Branch Calhoun 5,126 1,123 4,499 2.217 Cass Cheboygan 109 2,126 2,672 +72 748 790 104 Clinton Eaton Emmet Genesee 2,513 3 708 Hillsdale 4,392 642 1,238 103 Huron Ingliam 2,563 Ionia 2,850 1,234 Isabella Jackson ... 4,527 ^618 3,885 2,160 3,527 1 897 Kent Kalamazoo 4,369 2,530 6,544 738 795 1,067 Lapeer Lenawee 5,095 2,782 Livingston Mackinac 223 3,485 111 188 Macomb . .-. 819 76 2,976 Mason Midland 152 Mecosta 229 8,069 97 675 200 Monroe 1,936 240 Montcalm Newaygo 650 161 Ottawa 2 085 Oakland 5,901 968 4,967 Shiawassee Sanilac 1,294 2,951 4,006 436 821 972 Saginaw 2,497 4,042 St. Clair St. Joseph .... 3,276 Tuscola 750 Van Buren 2,734 5,879 12,538 544 984 2,432 2,35& "Washtenaw Wayne 11,224 Subject to draft * Of these 797 were exempted by the siir;;e<)n. t Most of these are Indians, whom hitiierlo the War Department has refused to muster into Be r vice. } K.xeinpted \>y surgeon, 41H. § There was no surgeon in this connty, and tliese figures show the total enrollment. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. '67 In the same report of the Adjutant General is found the following state- ment regarding tlie population of counties and the number of persons subject to draft on the basis of the census of 18(30 : ''The total population of the counties above enumerated at the census of 18G0 was 715,595. The proportion of persons residing therein who are subject to draft is as 1 to 857-1000. The counties which have made no returns are Alcona, Alpena, Chippc^va, Delta, Gratiot, Grand Traverse, Houghton (included with Keweenaw in 1860), Iosco, Leehinaw, Marquette, Manitou, Manistee, Muskegon, Osceola, Oceana, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, and School- craft, and their aggregate poj)ulation in 1860 was 35,415. The same ratio wiiicii rules in the counties from which returns have been received would pro- duce in the counties last mentioned a military strength of 4,507, making the aggregate of persons yet remaining in the State between the ages of 18 and 45, and subject to draft for militaiy })urposes, 95,578, less the number of volun- teers who have enlisted since September 10, 1862." The obstacles in the way of a draft being so numerous, the War Department, with a view to enable States to raise their quotas of volunteer enlistments, left, the time for drafting to the discretion of the Governors. Three companies of men, nearly full, had been offered from the Upi)er Peninsula in September, while there was reason to believe that in the same section three more could be raised. With this in view, the /J7th, with the assent of the Government, was ordered organized, with headquarters at Port Huron, in conin)and of ]-,ieulenant Colonel Thomas S. Sprague. Authority had also been given by the War Department to Colonel Kellogg to raise the 7th Cavalry, and upon being confirmed by the Governor the regi- ment was ordered organized, with rendezvous at Grand Rapids. At this time Colonel John Stockton, of Mount Clemens, and Captain James I. David, of Trenton, then a quartermaster U. S. A., had received authority from the War Department, wliich was sanctioned by the Governor, to raise each a cavalry regiment, when the 8th and 9th were thereupon ordered organ- ized, the former having its rendezvous at Mount Clemens and the latter at Cold water. Following tliis, with a vieAV to getting up an Irish regiment, the 28th was authorizeti, under the direction of Colonel Edward Doyle, of Detroit, with rendezvous at Ypsilaiiti. On application to the War Department, permission was given to recruit a regiment of sliaii)-shooters, when Captain C. V. DeLand, of the 9th infantry, was placed in charge of its organization, with rendezvous at Kalamazoo. The Government having specially authorized advanced bounty, these officers entered upon vigorous efforts ttj (111 up their ranks. An ini}nession at this time prevailed among the citizens of the State that a shorter term of enlistment would conduce to a more rapid recruitment of men, were the opportunity ofTi'ied. Consequeiitly the Governor, willing to afford every reasonable eiicouragement to the disposition so generally maiii- 88 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. tested by the people to raise the required number of men without drafting,, and ulso fully mindful of his obligations to the government, on the xJQth of November issued the following proclamation, which clearly presents the requirements of the government at that time, and the mode by which they are to be met : To the People of the State of Michigan: It is essential to the maintenance of the honor of the State, by meeting its obligations to the Federal Government, that the quota of the troops required of Michigan under the call for 600,000 men should be speedily furnished. I have felt great confidence that this might be done without resort to a draft, but it will be impossible at the rate enlistments have been making for the last month and more. The number required of each town and ward in the State has been assigned upon the principle of giving credit for all recruits furnished since the first of July last. Substantial justice in this respect has been done toward all. To be exact was impossible, and to go back of the first of July was impracticable, both because the order of the Secretary of War did not authorize it, and because there was no reliable record by which such credit could be made up with any chance of fairness. It is, therefore, indispensable that the several towns and wards of cities should furnish the number of recruits assigned to them, and I take this occa- sion to assure the people that unless the men are furnished by voluntary enlist- ment they will be taken by the draft. For the purpose of still giving abundant opportunity to fill the quota of the State by voluntary enlistment, recruiting will be continued as follows: 1st. Recruits will be received for new regiments now forming in the State, and for all the old regiments now in the field, until and including the 29Lh day of December next. These must be enlisted for the term of three years or during the war. 3d. From the ^st to the 16th day of December next volunteer recruits will be received for the old regiments only, to serve for nine months, in pursuance of the act of Congress. 3d. On the 30th day of December next the draft will commence and proceed until the requisite number is obtained in all those towns and wards which shall then be found delinquent. Less than four thousand men are now required to fill the entire quota of the State, and I earnestly hope that they will be found to come forward cheerfully and enlid for the war, as all our troops thus far have done. And I desire this not so much because there is anything discreditable in a draft, as because it is exceedingly desirable that all the troops from Michigan should stand on the same footing in the army. Let the people of Michigan make one more loyal and vigorous effort, and the entire number required can be obtained, and the high reputation of the State for patriotism and promptness will be maintained. AUSTIN BLAIR. Dated Jackson, November 29, 1863. The following from the Adjutant General's reports shows the aggregate number of troops enlisted and mustered up to December 23, 1863: "Total, including recruits, sent to the field before July 1st, 1863, 34,281 f ■ 'Lancers' and 'Hughes's Ilorse Guards,' regularly mustered into the service. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 39 but disbanded without leaving the State, 987; three regiments of cavalry, ten of infantry, and one battery, sent since July 1st, 13,789; recruits (including six for nine months) received from July let to December 23d, 2,162; esti- mated strength of three regiments of cavalry, two of infantry, one of sharp shooters, and two batteries, organized in the State, 4,400. Total, 45,509. "This does not include volunteers from this State who have gone into the regiments of other States, to a number known to exceed 1,400. "A considerable number of recruits had also been enlisted in the State dur- ing the summer and fall for the regular army, probably three or four hundred at least. "These troops, with the exception of a few of the earlier regiments that were mustered into service by the late Jaeutenant Colonel E. Backus, Captain J. C. Robinson, and Captain H. R. Mizner, U. S. army, were mustered under the direction of the late General J. R. Smith, U. S. army, a citizen and resi- dent of Michigan, who was United States military commander in the State, and chief mustering officer until the adoption of the provost marshal's system, when he was detailed as commissary of musters, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. The energetic and faithful services rendered by him aided much in facilitating the speedy despatch of troops to the front." The report closes with the following extract, which undoubtedly expressed the estimation in which the Michigan troops were held, and did not by any means over-estimate their services, and certainly was correct as to the loyalty and patriotism of the people at that period of the war: "At the time of making the last annual report from this department, cov- ering only a small portion of the force now in the service from this State, it was thought that the regiments then reported would be all that would be required to suppress the rebellion ; but another year is nearly closed, and regi- ment after regiment has been raised, until a large army has gone from the State, and still the rebellion goes on. Notwithstanding all this, the loyalty and patriotism of the people are not exhausted. The same determination seems to exist as at the commencement of the war, that it must bo put down, and the Nation redeemed at any sacrifice. The promptness and cheerfulness with which every call made by the General Government upon the State has been responded to bespeaks the intelligent loyal patriotism of its people. The peo- ple of Michigan are intelligently loyal on the subject of the war, and her soldiery are intelligently brave and patriotic, true to the honor of their State and their Nation, preferring on all occasions death before dishonoring either. "The troops from the State of Michigan have gained a prominent position in the armies of the Nation. They have done their duty faithfully and fear- lessly, and borne the brunt of many well-fought fields. Some of them have proved an anomaly in modern warfare. Suddenly called from the common avocations of life, and within a very few days of the time of leaving their native State, they have been pitted against the veteran troops of the enemy of their country in superior numbers, and completely routed them. It has been the fortune of some of them voluntarily and successfully to lead the 'forlorn hope,' regardless of opposing numbers. Their scars and thinned ranks now attest their services to their country. The honor of their Nation and their State has been safe iu their hands, and both will cherish and reward them. Monuments to the memory of the brave dead are now erected iu the hearts ol 40 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the people, and National monuments to their memory will be erected by a grateful country." The military operations in the field in 1863 had not been very favorable for the Union cause. In December the Union army in Virginia had faileji in its attack on Fredericksburg, the Western army had been successful at Stone River in the same month, both important engagements, and in effect nearly balancing. Yet the people of the country seemed not to be discouraged nor to falter in their determination to press on to ultimate success by putting down the nefarious rebellion. In good old Michigan, loyalty and patriotism seemed in the ascendant. Governor Blair, in his message to the Legislature, in January, 1863, in speaking of the Michigan soldiers in the field, alludes to their services as fol- lows: "1 commend the Michigan troops to your active symi)athy and support. By their heroic endurance of tbe hardships of war, and by their splendid bravery in battle, they have crowned the State with glory. Their battle cry is 'Michi- gan ! Remember Michigan !' and Michigan must remember them. We have already a long list of immortal heroes dead in battle. I hope you will, in some appropriate way, place upon the enduring records of the State your apprecia- tion of the valor and patriotic devotion of these brave men. Let us hand down their names to posterity upon an illuminated page, that they may be revered as examples for all time to come. They belong to history now. We must take care that it is rightly written. Your hearty thanks are also due to the gallant men who still uphold the flag of our country in the field, and have lately borne it on to victory over bloody ground. Let us send them warm words of cheer from home. May God give them other and greater victories, and bring them back speedily in peace and triumph. Then, indeed, shall heaven's arches ring with glad shouts of welcome." In Februaiy following, the Legislature expressed in a joint resolution the sentiments of Michigan people on the war question : "That we are unalterably opposed to any terms of compromise and accom- modation with the rebels, while under arms and acting in hostility to the gov- ernment of the Union, and on this we express but one sentiment — unconditional submission and obedience to the laws and constitution of the Union." In March, the following preamble and resolutions were passed by the Legis- lature in compliment to the Michigan soldiers in the field: ''Whereas, The citizen soldiers of Michigan have responded cheerfully to their country's call, have never hesitated or faltered when duty prompted or danger threatened, and by their indomitable fortitude under the fatigues and privations of war, their heroic bravery and brilliant achievements upon the battle-field, have crowned themselves with glory, and given to Michigan imper- ishable renown ; therefore, " Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Michi- gan, Tliat, tendering to them the thanks of the State for their valuable services, we also assure them that while Michigan thus holds them forth as MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 41 examples of emulation to the soldiers of other States, she is also proudly grateful to them for the renown which their noble deeds have shed upon her name; and claiming them for her own, she points to tliem with feelings of maternal pride, and in the language of the noble Koman mother exclaims, •Tiu'se are my jewels.' '* Resolved, That the Governor be and he is hereby required to forward a copy of the foregoing preamble and joint resolution to each of the regiments and batteries of Michigan soldiers now in the field." An act was passed by this Legislature authorizing the payment by the Quar- termaster General of §50 State bounty from March 6th, 1863, which was con- tinued until ]l!^ovember -ZQth following. The Legislature also legalized the action of the townships, cities, and counties in raising bounties for volunteers. In compliance with a recommendation of the Governor, the Legislature gen- erously appropriated $20,000 to assist sick and wounded soldiers in the field, and likewise to aid those in the State, and in payment for services of agents to properly carry into effect the measure. In 1865 an additional amount of ^25,000 was set apart for that purpose. Under the law referred to six agents were appohited, and entered upon this ■duty: Benjamin Vernor, at Detroit; Dr. J. Tunneclilfe, Jr., at Washington, D. C. ; Luther B. Willard, at Nashville, Tenn.; J. B. Gillman, at Louisville, Ky. ; Weston Flint, at St. Louis, Mo. ; and Darius Clark, in New York city. During the latter part of the war, D. A. Millard was employed at the Wash- ington agency. Tlie necessity for these agencies became more and more apparent every day •as the war progressed, proving of immense benefit to the Michigan troops in general, and particularly to those who found it necessary to accept pecuniary assistance. The agencies were managed by gentlemen much in sympathy with the cause of the soldiers, taking much interest in their welfare, consequently laboring faithfully in their behalf. The quota of the State, under the President's call of August 4th, 1862, for 300,000 militia remaining unfilled, a draft was made in February following, on the basis of the census of I860, in the counties then in arrears for the small deficiency then existing. The number of men drafted was 1,278. Of this number (either of themselves or by substitutes), 710 wore delivered at the United States barracks at Detroit, 545 of whom were sent to various regiments and batteries in the field, a few of the remainder deserting, while others were discharged for alienage, disability, or other causes, by United States authori- ties. Of the 545 men thus realized from the draft for a service of nine months each, 430 were induced to enlist for three years, 115 only going into the field for the shorter term. These facts are exhibited in a clearer detail iu the sub- joined table, showing the result of the draft: 6 4a MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Counties in Which Draft Was Number diafted. DelivPied at UariaLks 33 37 2 44 28 60 39 36 24 92 42 64 39 19 4 25 72 14 2 34 Accounted for at barracks or sent to lejiimenta.. Made. B'or3yeaiB. For 9 Dios. Total. Allegan 45 47 8 56 41 76 68 65 49 158 84 127 74 59 19 45 178 16 7 56 20 10 2 34 17 36 15 20 12 65 31 44 26 13 3 11 47 11 22' 2 21 1 11 8 16 5 8 14 4 2 6 1 1 10 1 1 1 2 22 Barry Calhoun . 31 2 Cass - .- 35 Clinton . 28 Genesee Hillsdale 44 31 Ingham 25 Jackson Lapeer Livinsston . 20 70 35 M acomb Monroe 46 32 Oakland Saginaw Shiawassee 14 4 21 St. Clair St. Joseph Tuscola Van Bureu ' 48 12 1 24 Total 1,278 710 430 115 545 In March, 1863, the Congress of the United States passed **An act for enrolling and calling out the national forces," which provided elaborate details for the accomplishment of the object in view, leaving their execution exclusively in the hands of the Federal authorities. Under the law referred to, the national force was declared to consist, with certain specified exceptions, of "all able-bodied male citizens of the United States and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared on oath their intention to become citizens under and in pursuance of the laws thereof, between the ages of twenty and forty-five years;" and this force was divided into two classes, the first to comprise "all persons subject to do military duty between the ages of twenty and thirty-five years, and all unmarried persons subject to do military duty above the age of thirty-five and under the age of forty-five;" the second to comprise "all other persons subject to do military duty;" and it was provided that the latter class "shall not, in any district, be called into the service of the United States until those of the first class shall have been called." Each Congressional district was formed into an enroll- ment district, a provost marshal and board of enrollment provided for each, and these districts were again divided into sub-districts, consisting of wanly and townships. Lieutenant Colonel Bennett H. Hill, 5th U. S. Artillery, was appointed by the War Department Acting Assistant Provost Marshal General of the State. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 4S Dolonel Hill proved to be an officer of great executive ability, truly loyal and patriotic. He superintended the enrollment and drafting in Michigan during the war. He was a graduate of the Military Academy at West Point and a native of the District of Columbia. The following named gentlemen served as provost marshals: First District — John S. Newberry, of Detroit, who was succeeded by Mark Fhmigan, of the same place; headquarters at Detroit. Second District — Rollin C. Dennison, of Kulamuzoo; lieadquarters at that place. Third District — Robert J. Barry, of Ann Arbor; headquarters at Jackson. Fourth District — Norman Bailey, of Hastings; headquarters at Grand Rapids. Fifth District — Charles M. Walker, of Lapeer, afterwards of Adrian, who was succeeded by William M. McConnell, of Pontiac; headquarters at that, point. Sixth District — Randolph Strickland, of St. Johns; headquarters at Flint. The rendezvous for the reception of drafted men was established at Grand Rapids, and was placed in charge of Gen. S. G. Champlin, formerly of 3d Michigan, and remained under his command until disability caused by wounds rendered his continuance on duty impossible. He was relieved by Col. Norman J. Hall, of the 7th Michigan, who was ia turn relieved by Col. Charles H. Town, 1st Michigan Cavalry. The rendezvous was continued at Grand Rapids until March 4th, 1864, when it was changed to Jackson on account of its central location. Col. G. S. Wor- mer had charge of it until authorized to raise the 30th Infantry, when he was relieved on the 20th of November following by Gen. L. Cutler, of Wisconsin, who continued in command until recruiting for the armies ended. Through these agencies a general enrollment was made during the summer; the following exhibit is derived from the returns made to Col. Hill, showing the total numbers so enrolled in the State: First C ONGUESSIONAL DISTRICT. Second Congressional District. NAME. First Class. Sf.cond Class. First Class. Second Class. NAME. White Col. 63 20 13 20 104 62 Total, White Col. 18 5 2 9 18 73 19 Total. White Col. 15.5 10 52 13 230 Total. White 1 Col. TotaL i Kalamazoo St. Joseph Branch Alleiran Rcvrien Cass Van Buren 2,720 2,30' 2,i'l8 1,7!M 2,2()i' 1,597 1,596 2,783 2,3.'2 2,00 1 1,814 2,287 1,701 1,058 1,2.33 1.150 1,131 l,0 2,996 2 4 49 75 28 1,500 1,.')83 3,093 3,897 3,024 8K8 98K 1,543 1,597 1,241 868 986 1,563 1,627 1,245 1?,940 158 13,098 6,235 54 6,289 Fourth Congressional District. Kent Ionia Ottawa Barry Montcalm Muskegon ... ■Oceana Newaygo INIecosia Mason Manilou Manistee ■G'd Traverse Cheboygan... Mackinac Delta Leelana\7 Benzie Muskegon ... Emmet Antrim Total 2,788 7 2,795 1,804 1,77-2 6 1,778 904 1,.363 20 1,383 862 1,3J0 8 1,328 712 6J2 3 625 261 9-25 3 928 271 229 3 232 92 342 342 174 222 2 224 78 100 100 31 100 100 48 1S8 188 51 203 203 9i 3(i 30 24 184 184 53 13H 1 141) 25 143 143 50 85 85 46 51 61 19 27 27 15 55 53 56 15 .... 10,894 10,947 5,726 18 1,811 905 865 815 2(i2 271 93 175 78 31 48 51 91 24 53 25 50 47 19 15 16 5,744 Fifth Congressional District. NAME. First Clabs. Second ('lass. White Col. Total. White Col. Total Oakland IJvingston Lapeer Sanilac St. Clair Macomb 3,798 1,814 1,4S6 909 2,347 2,068 52 8 12 3 9 11 3,850 1,822 1,498 912 2,356 2,079 1,665 782 776 395 1,343 1,183 7 2 1,672 784 776 395 1,347 1,163 Total 12,422 95 12,517 6,144 13 6,157 Sixth Congressional District. Clinton Shiawassee ... Genesee Gratiot Tuscola Huron Isabella Aljiena Iosco Midland Bay Saginaw Cliippewa Marquette.. ) Schoolcraft, j Houghton Keweenaw Ontonagon Menominee... Total. 1,366 1 1,367 731 1,313 o 1,315 730 2,375 5 2,380 1.162 ^m 5 571 306 6.i0 650 394 590 590 192 153 153 61 124 124 45 58 58 14 189 1 190 44 934 6 940 324 2,344 4 2,348 1,047 134 1 135 35 523 2 525 86 642 642 120 903 2 inr, 253 641 1 642 200 123 30 123 23 13,628 13,658 6,767 731 730 1,162 306 394 192 61 45 14 44 324 1,047 35 S6 120 253 200 23 6,767 Recapitulation by Districts. DISTRICTS. First Congressional District... Second Contrressional District. Third Congressional District.. Fourth Congressional District. Filth Congressional District... Sixth Congressional District.. Total First Class. White. Colored. Total. 14,902 230 15,132 14,266 420 14,686 12,940 158 13,098 10,894 53 10,947 12,422 95 12,.') 17 18,628 30 13,658 79,052 986 80,038 Second Class. White. Colored. Total. 8,.'J09 7,527 6,235 5,726 6,144 6,767 89 144 51 18 13 8,.^98 7,671 6,289 .5,744 6, l.i7 5,767 39,908 318 40,226 On the completion of the enrollment in each of the several States, a draft was ordered to be made of one fifth of the first class so enrolled therein; this number, however, to be subject to such modifications as might be produced by an adjustment of the surplus or deficiency existing in the accounts of each MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 4& State under previous calls. In other words, a State which had furnished more than had been asked for under previous calls of the General Government was to be credited with the excess. In making the computations necessary to this adjustment, the term of service and number of men furnished were alike taken into account, and the advantages to the people of the State of the policy which had prevailed of encouraging three years' enlistments, at periods when other States were placing nine months' or two years' men in the field, became strikingly manifest. A statement sent to the Adjutant General's office from the War Department gave, on the 26th of May, a surplus to be applied on the impending draft of 4,403 men. It had been the practice, in the absence of official data from Washington, to estimate the quota of Michigan under the calls of 1861 at 19,500, that being about the result of calculations based upon the census returns of population. It appeared by this statement, however, that the Federal authorities had assumed 21,357 as the apportionment of the State under the call referred to. Notwithstanding the diminution occasioned by this discovery, the surplus credited to us still appeared to be considerably less than was uue the State according to its own records, and after correspond- ence and examination the legitimate credit of the State was estimated on the 19th of September at a total, reduced to a three years' standard, of 9,518, including such as had been enlisted since the statement of May 26th. The extent of our territory, and the difficulty of communication in some portions of it, with other causes perhaps, delayed the completion of the enroll- ment until fall. On the 27th of October, a draft began in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth Congressional districts, and on the 5th of November in the first — the number of enlistments which had been made down to those dates having been previously added to the credits of the several sub-districts. The upper peninsula was not included in the draft. In making a draft under the existing law, it was provided that fifty per cent be added to the number required to cover exemptions, etc., the quota actually called for to be taken in the order of numerical precedence from the whole number drawn. The total number drafted in the State was 6,383. Of these, 261 were delivered at the general rendezvous at Grand Rapids, 643 furnished acceptable substitutes (43 of whom deserted before reaching rendezvous), 1,626 paid each $300 commutation money, 1,596 were exempted for physical disabil- ity, 330 as aliens, 204 for unsuitableness of age, and 1,069 failed to leport. The subjoined table, giving the result lu each (Jungietisioual district, is inter- esting: 4G MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Number drafted Drafts delivered at rendezvous Drafts deserted Substitutes delivered Substitutes deserted Paid commutation .. Enlisted in service Exempted for physical disability Exempted for mental disability Exempted as aliens Exempted as non-residents Exempted, over or under age Exempted, only sous of infirm parents, etc. Exempted, fathers of dependent chil- dren, not twelve years old Exempted, having two brothers in ser- vice Exempted, in service March 3, 1863 Exempted for conviction of felony Exempted for all other causes Failed to report , 532 15 38 1 176 156 12 2 18 23 5 3 13 1 8 61 1,402 1,083 1,147 76 3 97 5 387 46 472 2 26 9 41 51 20 15 19 1 13 165 53 10 430 191 42 10 36 37 14 6 12 1 23 172 61 30 281 128 304 58 9 30 25 14 1 5 193 1,197 1,022 16 47 351 31 25 2 58 294 254 219 2 107 85 12 12 45 34 45 29 10 16 5 4 20 7 ""s '"'3 241 237 6,383 261 3 600 43 1,626 128 1,596 4 330 54 204 210 79 33 79 4 60 1,069 The total amount of money'paid to the bounty fund of the general Govern- ment by men taken under this draft, as commutation to secure exemption from personal service, was four hundred and eighty-seven thousand eight hun- dred dollars (487,800). In October a new system of recruiting was adopted by the War Department, allowing to persons properly authorized as recruiting agents $15 for each re- cruit. Subsequently this allowance was extended to all citizens alike. For the purpose of encouraging volunteer enlistments, government bounties to volunteers were also largely increased — $302 to those going into service for the first time, and $402 to veterans re-enlisting, while local bounties of liberal iiinount were offered in most of the counties. On the 17th of October, the President of the United States issued a procla- mation calling upon "the Governors of the different States to raise and have enlisted into the United States service for the various companies and regiments in the field from their respective States, their quotas of 300,000 men." It was further proclaimed that the large bounties previously ordered should be con- tinued to volunteers, and that if any State or district should fail to fill its quota, a draft would be made on the 5th of January ensuing, for the deficiency. , The quotas of the several Congressional districts of the State were assigned by the Provost Marshal General as follows: First district, 2,137; second district, 2,074; third district, 1,861; fourth district, 1,545; fifth district, 1,768; sixth district, 1,913— total for the State, 11.298. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 47 The Governor, ever ready for action when the necessities of the Government required it, desirous of securing a prompt and effective response to the call of the President, issued a stirring proclamation, of which follows an extract, invoking immediate and energetic action by the people to meet the demand without a draft: "This call is for soldiers to fill the ranks of the regiments in the field — those regiments which by long and gallant service have wasted their numbers in the same proportion that they have made a distinguished name, both for themselves and the State. The people of Michigan will recognize this as a duty already too long delayed. Our young men, 1 trust, will hasten to stand beside the heroes of Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Stone Kiver, and Chick- am auga. "The hopes of the rebellion are steadily perishing. The armies of the Republic are ia the midst of their country; and they have not the power to expel them. " Fill up the ranks once more, and the next blast of the bugle for an advance will sound the knell of revolution and herald in the return of peace. ''Fellow-citizens, let us do it willingly, gallanily, joyously. The people of Michigan have heretofore earned the gratitude of the country by their prompt- ness and eneigy in the support of the Government." This appeal was received by the people of the State with the same cordial response that had characterized their action on all previous demands of the Government, and they went to work Avith their usual alacrity and success. The returns and muster-rolls on tile show that from December 23, 1862, down to December 31, 1863, there had been mustered thirteen thousand five hundred and sixty-seven (13,567), and an aggregate of fifty-three thousand seven hundred and forty-nine (53,749) since the beginning of the war, leaving out of the account all troops disbanded, estimated, and those paying commu- tation, and confining the statement to the men actually put in service. Having in our narrative reached the close of 1863, we include the closing notice of Michigan troops in the field from the report of the Adjutant General of the State for that year : " The war against the rebellion has consumed another year. Loyal States have furnished quota after quota of men to support it. Michigan has speedily and cheerfully responded to every call, and fully complied with every require- ment of the Government. Michigan will continue to do so until every rebel in arms against the Eepublic shall be defeated and sue for peace. ]\Iichigan is in earnest in this cause, and seeks no other course but to fight on until a peace is successfully conquered, and until every rebel State is brought into submis- sion to the power of the National Government and is made to acknowledge its allegiance to the Constitution and the laws of the land. Michigan, as evinced by the patriotism of her citizens at home and the bravery of her soldiers in the field, is truly loyal, and nobly gives her influence, her means, and the best blood of her people to put down forever this unjust, unreasonable, and selfish rebellion, "During the present rebellion there have been many encouraging and prom- ising features developed in the prosecution of the war against it that have iudi- 4i5 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. cafced its successful and satisfactory termination, but none more forcible, or that will fill a brighter page in its history, or denote more strongly the deter- mination of the people of the Union to bring this rebel Hon to a desirable and permanent issue and to sustain and perpetuate the national existence, or that exhibits more love for the Republic and free institutions, than the patriotic and glorious tribute voluntarily made to their country by the re-enlisted veterans who are now swelling the ranks of the grand armies. They are returning in masses to their native States, receiving the well-deserved blessings and thanks of their country, their families and friends, scattering an influence and a power in behalf of their States and their Nation that makes every lover of his native land and his race rejoice in great hopefulness in the future. None can doubt their patriotism. None can question their honesty of purpose. They are a hope and encouragement to the loyal and true, and a blight on those who would willfully suffer a national disgrace. Michigan, in common with her sis- ter States, is proud of her veteran troops returning to her, as they do, from the hard-fought battles of many fields, scarred, wounded, and weather-beaten — glorious evidences of faithful service, true bravery, and gallant deeds — marks that endear them to their State and entitle them to a page in the history of her heroes. Having again pledged themselves to defend their Government against all its enemies, they are returning to the field, carrying with them the blessings of their friends and the gratitude of their State, again, it may be, to- face the leaden storm from rebel ranks, and to add new laurels to those already gathered by them on the sanguinary fields of the South ; and while the people praise and bless the living heroes who return to them who have participated in those scenes of national strife, and will cause their names to be handed down to future generations as defenders of the freedom of their nation and their race, they will also have a warm place in their memories for those who retuin not, but who have passed away amidst those scenes of conflict and bravely given up their lives in the same glorious cause, and long remember thetn with gratitude and reverence for their devotion and sacrifice, and cause the piige of history to record them as amongst the greatest patriots of their day, and as martyrs to the freedom of all mankind. i " The troops from Michigan have, in common with those from other States, ^ shared in the hardships and dangers of the campaigns of the past year. They have also shared with them in the glory of their victories, and with them nobly and courageously sustained the prowess of the Union arms in every engage- ment. Michigan rejoices at the laurels gathered by the troops from other States, in common with her own, while gloriously and bravely battling with hers, as companions in arms on the same fields, and laments them as compan- ions in death, falling side by side in the cause of their common country; and while she cheerfully extends to the Union troops in general her mete of praise and gratitude for their bravery in battle, and their devotion to the cause of freedom and free institutions, it belongs to her, in duty to her own troops, to award to them her especial, grateful acknowledgment of her indebtedness to them for the eminent and honorable position which she has acquired among her sister States in the prosecution of this war, in vindication of national free- dom ; and while she would not, by detraction from the meritorious and gallant services of other troops, exalt her own, still she is proud to say that no regi- ment of her gallant sons has, m a single instance, disgraced either itself or tarnished her honorable and bright escutcheon ; but they have been found manfully fighting in the front rank on every field, and have been trusted and MICHIGAN IN THE WAK 49 relied upon for efficiency in cases of emergency and great danger, and have been specially distinguished as possessing, in the highest degree, that charac- teristic so essential to success in war — true courage." From the Red Book of Michigan : *' The prominent feature in the war operations of 1863 was the important battle of Gettysburg. That battle, which in effect proclaimed with most terrible force to the monster rebellion: 'Thus far hast thou dared to come, but must advance no further at thy peril ; back to thy rebel den ; henceforth you can only fight on the defensive, for thy aggressive power is broken, and you must crumble to pieces until thou art dead — thy rebel spirit crushed to atoms, never to rise again.' "The operations in the field in Virginia during the year closed with the movement made across the Eapidan by the Army of the Potomac and the assault on the enemy's position at Mine Kun, which, after a feeble effort on the part of the Union forces, resulted in failure, and the recrossing of the army to its former position. This, of course, neither strengthened tlie army ncir encouraged the hearts of the Northern people ; neither were the former disposed to quail under defeat, nor the latter to dispair at disappointment. "In the West they ended with the splendid Union victory at Mission Ridge, which 80 closely followed the terrible assault at Chickamauga, ana, in a measure, (X)unteracted the effect of that memorable disaster. " The important event occurring with the commencement of 1864 was the return of the 'veterans' previously mentioned, who had re-enlisted for another term of service, and were in turn on furlough and reorganizing within the State." With great promptness the soldiers of Michigan, who had served the requisite time, availed themselves of the opportunity to re-enlist, and in numbers almost surprising, in view of the hardships and dangers they had already passed through. The proposition of the Government was accepted by 5,545 of them, entitling the organizations in which they were serving to tlie designation of "Veteran" 1st, 2d, and 3d Cavalry; 2d, 5th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, ]4th, ]6th, and 16th regiments of infantry; the 6th Heavy Artillery, formerly 6th Infantry; and Batteries B, C, and E, 1st Light Artillery. In addition to the re-enlistments in these regiments, there were large num- bers in others, though not enough to obtain for them the same distinctive appellation. Among them were 207 veterans of the 3d, 129 of the 4th, 163 of the 7th, and 173 of the 13th Infantry; 157 additional of the 1st Light Artillery, 148 of the Engineers and Mechanics, and 213 of the Ist Infantry. The veteran regiments mentioned above, and individual veterans re-enlisting in other regiments, returned to the State during the winter, receiving, the promised furloughs of thirty days each. In the regiments of other States there were also companies and parts of companies for which credit was given to Michigan, althougli many of them, by neglect to forward the muster rolls to the proi)e)' uilicer, were not made avail- able either for their benefit or that of the State. 7 50 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. From the Adjutant General's Report, 1864: "The Legislature, on February 5th, 1864, authorized the payment of $50 State bounty, from November 11th, 1863, to February 4th, J 864, to tiie re- enlisted veterans, and directed the payment of 1 1 00 to all soldieis eiijisting or re-enlisting after that date, which was continued until May l4th following. Townships, wards, and cities were at this time also empowered by the Legisla- ture to raise money by tax for the purpose of paying bounties to volunteers, not exceeding two hundred dollars to each soldier. "At the commencement of this year there was pending the call of the Presi- dent, of October 17th, 1863, for Michigan's quota of 300,000 men, assigned at 11,298. "On the 1st of February the following order was issued from Washington : " 'ExEOtJTiVH Mansion, February 14th, 1864. " ' Ordered : That a draft for five hundred thousand men, to serve for three years or during the war, be made on the 10th day of March next, for the military service of the United States, crediting or deducting therefrom so many as may have been enlisted or drafted into the service prior to the 1st day of March, and not heretofore credited. " 'ABRAHAM LINCOLN.' " The practical interpretation of this order by the Provost Marshal General made this merely an extension of the call of October 17th, to the amount of 200,000 men, or, in other words, a new call of that number. "On the 14th of March ensuing, the President made an additional order for two hundred thousand men, designating the 15th day of April as the time up to which the quotas could be raised by voluntary enlistments, and as soon after that date as practicable a draft should be made for the deficit on both calls. "An act, approved July 4th, of this year, authorized the President to accept volunteers for one, two, or three years, at the option of the lecruit, and limited the term of men drafted to fill deficiencies under the President's calls to one year. The commutation system was also abolished, as had previously been the distinction of classes as regards age, which had been made in the first enrollment act. "On the 18th of July the President, under authority of this act, issued a proclamation calling for 500,000 men, and directing that crediis be allowed to States in the reduction of their quotas for all the men furnished for the mili- tary service in excess of all previous calls, and that volunteers be accepted for one, two, or three years, as they might elect; and further, that immediately after the 5th day of September a draft for troops to serve for one year should be made for deficiencies existing at that date. " The appearance of this call received a ))rompt response on the part of the Governor, who imniediutely i-^-sued liis pi'oclaniatioii calling for early and earnest efforts to meet the Piesidential inquisition upon the people of this State, and pointing out in explicit terms the readiest and most feasible plans of doing so. The proclamation, which belongs to the history of Michigan, finds a proper place here : " 'The President of the United States, in pursuance of a law of Congress, has issued his call for five hundred thousand (500,000) volunteers for the military service, and has directed that immediately after the 5th day of September, 18()<1:, a draft of troops, to serve for one year, shall be lield in every town or sub-district, to till the quota which shall be assigned to it, which shall remain unfilled on the said 5lh day of September, 18C'.-1. " ' I believe this call to have been eminently proper and necessary for the public ser- MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 61 vice, and being such, to demand the patriotic, earnest, and hearty response of the people. That it will be met in the same spirit that has put Michigan tlius far largely in excess of all previous calls, there can be no doubt. The rebellion, as it approaches its final over- throw, grows steadily more desperate, wicked, and hateful. Covered with the blood of patriots, cursed with the dying breath of starved prisoners, and abhorred by all good men for its barbarous butcheries of the unarmed who have ceased to fight, it must perish utterly. The people of this State, remembering their past sacrifices only as an additional motive to greater exertions in the future, will, I know, enter upon this present duty with the activity and energy which does not admit of failure. " ' 'I he quota assigned to the State is eighteen thousand two hundred and eiglity-two (18,282), of which only a little over twelve thousand (12,000) remain to be recruited, or dralted if the recruithig fails. For the purpose of filling the quota, only two resources are available, viz.: 1st. Kecruiting in the States declared to be in rebellion, under the act of July 4th, except the States of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana; and 2d. Recruiting among our own people. The first of these, I believe, will be founil of no substantial value to us at present, for obvious reasons. The points at which this recruiting is to be carried on are so remote that the period of fifty days will not be sufficient to enable agents to accomplish very much during that time, and they would meet the active competition of the older States, paying much larger bounties than our laws enable us to do. I shall not, therefore, appoint any such agents to be paid by the State, but will, under proper regula- tions, appoint such agents for the benefit of any counties, towns, or sub-dis^tricts which may request it, paying the expenses of the agencies for themselves. They will, of course, also be entitled to the credits. This course is also justified by the fact that the State has no fu:ids appropriated by law for this purpose. " ' Substantially, then, our only resource will be that which has always heretofore been found sufficient, the patriotism of our own people. " ' Recruits will be allowed to enlist for one, two, or three years, as they may prefer, and as far as practical ile each recruit may select the regiment in which he will enlist. This will always be allowed in the regiments in the field, so long as such regiments are below the maximum number. As an inducement to enlist, the Government of the United States will pay a bounty of one hundred dollars to recruits enlisting for one year, two hundred dollars for those enlisting for two years, and three hundred for those enlisting for three years. Such local bounties will be paid as the people of the several towns, wards, and sub-districts may authorize in pursuance of law. No State bounty can be paid, for the reason that the appropriation made for that purpose is exhausted. For the purpose of aiding the recruiting service and giving direction to the public efforts, six new regiments will be authoilzed, one of them being located in each Congressional district, and I will receive all the new companies that may be ofifered during the fifty days of recruiting. All the recruits offered for the new regiments and companies, however, inust be enlisted for three years or during the war. Those who enlist for a shorter term than three years will go into the regiments now in the field. "'I earnestly recommend to all those who enlist under this call, whether in the new organizations or the old ones, to do so for the war. This State has thus far raised no troops for a less term than three years. Both for the Governm.ent and the soldier the longest term is the best. Let us continue to adhere to this policy, which has given us a most honorable position in the service, and the reputation of the Michigan soldiery, which is now unsurpassed, will continue to grow. " ' The work of filling up the quota of the State is for the people. The close of the war visibly approaches, and the sure triumph of the Union cause grows manifest. "'Our troops are now led by tried and victorious Generals, leaving nothing to be desired in that direction. Conquering Union armies are in the very midst of the Confed- eracy, progressing steadily towanis the final victory. Let the people of the country Stand firmly by the lawful Government, and they can safely meet what is to come.'" Although authority was given by the Governor to take advantiige of the provisions of the order referred to, so far as it related to recruiting in rebel States, he did not approve nor encourage this mode of raising soldiers for the Union armies, and did not authorize the payment of tlie expcMises of agents. The result was tiiat Michigan did not embrace the op})Oitunity to place in her gallant regiments the class of men contemplated, altiion^rh it ni;iv be hero stated that several Eastern States were hasty in embracing the opportunity, by 62 MiOHiGAJSI IN THE WAE. sending agents to the States referred to who, upon application to the com-^ manding Generals for the required permits, received but very poor encourage- ment. General Sherman, in particular, intimated to them that such recruits were not particularly desirable for the Union army. ^ Orders were issued from the Adjutant General's office as soon as practicable to carry into effect the proposition contained in this proclamation, to authorize a new regiment of volunteers in each Congressional District, authority for whicli had been procured from the War Department. On the 26th of July Colonel J. W. Hall was authorized to reorganize the 4th Infantry, the term of service of wliich had expired, and the regiment been mustered out of service. The rendezvous of the regiment was located at Adrian, where the old 4th was or£,anized, and Colonel Hall was made com- mandant of the camp, with the First District for his operations. On the 29th, orders were issued to reorganize the 3d Infantry, whose term had also expired. Colonel M. B. Houghton, who was connected with the old organization, was entrusted with the charge of raising the new regiment, and its camp was placed at Grand Eapids, with the Fourth District for the field of its recruiting. On the same day the Sixth District was provided for by the appointment of Hon. John F. Griggs to take charge of the organization of a new regiment therein, to be called the 31st Infantry, with its headquarters at Saginaw. A regiment for the Third District, to be called the 29th Infantry, was, on the 9th of August, authorized to be raised at Marshall, with Hon. S. S. Lacey for commandant of camp. In the Second District, Hon. W. B. Williams, of Allegan, was, on the 15th of August, entrusted with the organization of the 28th Infantry, with its camp at Kalunijizoo. On the 24th of August, Major John Atkinson, of the 22d Infantry, was authorized to raise and organize the 30th Infantry, its rendezvous to be at Pontiac. The exigencies of the service did not permit the complete organization of these regiments before the enforcement of the impending draft. Seven companies, which had been raised for the 30th at Pontiac, were dis- tributed between the 3d and 4th, — four companies going to the former and three to the latter, and the organization of the 30th was abandoned. The 3d, thus reinforced, completed its organization at once, and being mustered in with 879 officers and men, left camp for Nashville October 20th. The 4th, also, was by the same means enabled to take the field (where a number of men belonging to the old organization, whose terms were unex- pired, yet remained), and left the State, with 726 officers and men, on the 22d of the same month, also for Nashville. The 28th and 29th were consolidated into one regiment, designated as the MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 53 ^8th, which, after completing its organization at Kalamazoo, took its route thence for Nashville, October 26th, with 886 officers and men. The Sixth District regiment completed its organization from its own terri- tory, and was the first of the new regiments to leave the State, having broken •camp at Saginaw and taken its departure for Nashville on the 6th of October, with 856 officers and men. The regiments originally known as the 30th and 2yth having been consolidatp.d with others, as mentioned above, this regiment was numbered the 29th. Recruiting having been prosecuted with more or less vigor throughout the State, a draft took place on the 10th of June to fill deficiencies under all for- mer calls, including that of October 17th, 1863, and those of February 1st and March 14th, 1864, which was followed by supplementary drafts in sub-districts which the principal draft failed to fill. And again, on the 20th of September, there was another draft to supply deficiencies under the call of July 18th and those which remained under the calls preceding it. The results of the efforts made during the first ten months of the year in the several counties of this State to fill the armies of the United States, both by enlistment and by draft, are as follows: The number of volunteers enlisted in the army, 20,041; the number of men drafted, 1,956; the number of vet- erans re-enlisted, 5,445; the number of men enlisted in the navy, 430; the total credits in numbers, 27,972; the numbers credited on each term of service from the 1st of January to the 31st of October, 1864: One year, 5,002; two years, 39; three years, 22,931. The men who paid commutation, as provided by laws in force previous to July 4th, are included among the drafted men to the number of 356. It is shown in this exhibit that the total number of men raised in the State between the 1st of January and 31st of October, 1864, including drafted men commuting, was 27,972; deduct men commuting, 356; total number of men actually raised during the ten months mentioned, 27,616. The report of the Adjutant General's department for ]863 showed that the actual number of men furnished by the State from the beginning of the war to December 3l8t, 1863, was 53,749; the number furnished during the first ten months of 1864, as shown above is 27,616; making a total to November 1st, 1864, of 81,365. The true credit of the State, as represented at the War Department, up to the last date mentioned, is obtained by adding the number of men commuting, viz.: 1,982; showing the total credit of the State to be 83,347. Tiie striking fact is exhibited by these figures that during ten months only of 186-1 the State of Michigan had furnished more than half as many men for the service as were sent from the State during the whole of the fiist three years of the war, and of this large number of men actually furnished, only 1,600 were drafted. 54 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. The system of preserving records of credits by sub-districts, required by the law for enrolling and calling out the national forces, did not become practically operative until the 19th of September, 1863. In the books of the War Depart- ment enlistments made previous to that date were entered to the credit of the State at large. All that had been made after that were placed directly to the credit of the sub-district furnishing them. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OP TROOPS Furnished by the several Counties of the State, prior to November 1st, 1864. This Ta- ble does not include the Three Months' Infantry, Michigan Companies in Regiments of other States, and some 2,000 additional Soldiers whose residence could not be ascertained. C0DNTIE3. CredttB from JanuHi-y Ist, to Oct. 3l8t, 1864. Enlistm^nta, etc., prior to Jan - umy iBt, 1864 Additinnnl EnlistiiipiiU pri- or to January lit, Aggregate Oct. aibt, l!564. Allegan 656 37 21 1,140 13 1 14 2 221 1 895 1,825 1,558 989 17 1,017 2,136 15 47 1 1,843 Alpena 51 Antrim 22 Alcona. 1 15 Ashland Bay 247 46 517 932 8G4 591 11 449 1,193 5 19 691 6 192 84 861 9n2 134 150 651 660 13 55 955 983 1,134 18 44 551 630 1,292 71 78 252 9 477 Benzie . 47 Barry 37 74 63 40 1 41 87 1 1 449 Berrien 2,831 2,485 1,620 29 Branch Cass Cheboygan Clinton • 1,507 3,416 21 Calhoun Chippewa Delta 19 Eaton 889 29 357 79 1,418 1,61)4 162 298 1,114 1,498 6 61 1,794 1,731 2,666 95 26 1,015 1,012 2,503 185 64 399 36 1 14 3 58 65 7 12 45 61 3" 73 70 108 4 1 41 41 102 8 3 16 1,516 36 563 Emmet. Gratiot Grand Traverse 166 Genesee 2 337 Hillsdale 2,571 303 Huron Houghton 460 Ingham 1,810 2,219 19 Ionia Iosco J sabella 119 Jackson 2,822 2,78i 3,908 117 Kalamazoo Kent Keweenaw Leelanaw 71 Lapeer 1,607 1,683 3,897 264 Lenawee Mecosta 145 Muskegon 670 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF TROOPS.— Contikied. 65 COUNTIES. 1 Credits from jHimaiv l^t to Oct. Sist, lSti4. Enlistments, etc., iirioi tn Jan- uary 1st, 18ti4. Ailditionnl EnliBtmcnts pri- or to .Janiiarj Ist, lSti4. AgpregHte, Oct. 31ht. 1864, Montcalm 218 35 36 78 7 59 760 746 19 150 1,270 335 12 5 6 2 60 1,294 1,241 193' 1,838 1 128 184 888 1,041 1,129 1,498 1,569 437 345 1,039 2,105 5,594 14 1 567 Mason . 48 jNIackiiiac . .. --. 41 Manistee .... 84 Manitou 9 M idland ... 3 53 51 122 Macofub 2,107 Monroe ... 2,038 I^lenominee . .... 19 Ne wayfifo 8 75 351 Oakland 3,18a Oscoola .. ..... ... 1 Ocpana 60 62 427 8-21 475 830 840 293 272 581 1,353 2,682 5 8 36 43 46 61 64 18 14 42 85 225 193 Ontonagon ..... 254 Ottawa. 1,351 iSaijinaw . 1,905. Shiawassee ... 1,650 St. Clair 2,389 St. Joseph 2,473 Sanilac 748 Tuscola Van Buren .... ..... 631 1,662 Washtenaw. ................. 3,543 Way u e . ... .. 8,501 Total 27,972 49,793 2,626 79,791 The above aggregate of credits is somewhat smaller that that shown in previous statements, and the difference is caused by the number enlisting in the earlier stages of the. war whose residence was not reported or could not be obtained. The entire three months' regiment enlisting in 1861 is for this cause omitted from the figures of the statement. The term of service of the 11th infantry having expired during the month of September, 1864, a desire was manifested by some of the officers of that regiment to renew its organization. Orders were issued accordingly, on the 3d of that month, and authority given to Colonel Wm. L. Stoughton to com- mand the camp of rendezvous at Sturgis. On the 3d of November, Major General Hooker, commanding the depart- ment, being in the State on a personal inspection, recommended to the Secre- tary of War that, in view of the exposed condition of the frontier, then threatened by outlaws and their sympathizers in Canada, and the limited num- ber of troops posted for its defense, a regiment of volunteers for twelve months be raised in the State for duty along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers. Dis- patches investing the Governor with authority for this purpose were the next day received from Washington, and on the 7th orders were issued to organize the 30th Infantry, with its rendezvous at Jackson. In acting upon applica- 56 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. tions for authority to raise compauies and parts of companies for this regiment, preferense was given to those who had seen service. On the 22d, Lieut. Col. Gt. S. Wormer of the 8th Cavalry was appointed Colonel of the 30th, and com- mandant of the camp. Its rendezvous and headquarters were on th^ 10th of December removed to Detroit, The approach of the winter caused no abatement of the activity of the Union armies, nor checked the increasing magnitude of their operations. To meet the necessities of the gigantic campaigns then going forward under the direc- tion of the Lieutenant General, the President on the 19th of December issued a call for 300,000 men to supply a deficiency on the call of the 18th of July, and directing that should the quotas assigned not be filled before the 15th day of February following, a draft should be made for the deficiency then existing. Enrollment of the several counties of the State, December 31, 1864, and their Quotas under call of December 19. COUNTIES. Allegan Alpena Antrim Branch Berrien . . . Barry Bay Benzie. Chippewa. Cass Calhoun. Cheboygan Chnton Delta Eaton Emmet.. . . Grand Traverse. Genesee , , Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton Huron Ingham Ionia Isabella Iosco •Jackson Kalamazoo Keweenaw Kent Enrollment Quota under December Call of 31, 1864. Dec. 19, 1864. 1,472 206 89 5 49 10 2,220 250 2,439 317 1,146 165 528 25 120 26 59 66 1,467 174 3,174 472 35 4 1,347 57 35 1,527 234 21 2 181 38 1,954 86 375 60 2,728 218 780 271 213 61 1,708 279 1,813 218 123 15 30 7 3,135 420 2,9(15 327 1,158 589 2,6G1 295 COUNTIBS. Leelanaw Lenawee Livingston Lapeer Monroe Montcalm Muskegon Mecosta .- Mason Manitou .... Manistee -- Mackinac .' Midland Menominee Macomb Marquette & Sch'icraft Newaygo Ottawa Oceana Ontonagon Oakland St. Clair St. Joseph Saginaw Sanilac. Shiawassee Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Total. Enrollment December 31, 1864. 87 4,787 1,619 1,300 1,613 527 407 102 49 28 122 87 149 69 2,018 225 299 1,436 212 476 3,644 1,895 2,209 2,160 573 1,161 552 1,540 3,687 9,574 77,999 Quota under Call of Dec. 19, 1864. 18 439 206 134 198 80 63 15 13 7 5 19 5 32 225 182 57 189 31 316 471 222 323 130 71 63 20 205 503 871 10,010 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 67 The following is taken from the Ked Book of Michigan : "The end of operations in 1864 found the Army of the Potomac in the trenches before Petersburg, holding Lee as in a trap, Sherman's army in pos- session of Savannah, and Thonius successful in Tennessee. "This memorable year was fraught with great results to the Nation, effected by the unparalleled fighting of hosts of men, wading deep in human blood through carnage dense. "The day and night advances of Grant's army on Richmond were to the Northern people movements producing intense anxiety, strong hope, fervent prayers for success, and sorrow and sadness for the patriots passing away. "The desperate advance of Hood on Nashville had been most successfully met by General Thomas, his army completely defeated, routed, and driven in hot haste southward in a most demoralized condition. "General Sherman had gallantly driven the enemy from beyond Chatta- nooga and onwards, had battered down his strong works at Atlanta, then bidding farewell to his friends, and placing both flanks of his noble army in air, swung off for the sea, leaving the Nation in great ignorance and intense uneasiness as to his movements and safety, and is first heard from in the dis- patch of General Howard, of his army, saying : 'We have had perfect success, and the army is in fine spirits;' and then by General Sherman himself, send- ing to Abraham Lincoln a telegram covering the capture of Savannah as a Christmas present." The Adjutant General's report for 1864 contains the following : "During the past year the calls made by the General Government on the State for troops to sustain the National armies in the field were filled with the usual promptness and cordiality of the people, and notwithstanding the long and unexpected continuance of the war, thereby causing the necessity for repeated and urgent demands on the men in the State capable of bearing arms, to fill the depleted ranks, and upon all classes for means in shape of bounties to encourage and secure the recruitment of quotas, and upon individuals in payment for substitutes, the claims of the Government were liberally met and the account more than balanced, and although the drafts, in many instances, bore hard on communities and individuals, yet they were fully carried into effect, and the laws under which they were matie strongly and peacefully sus- tained in every section of the State, thereby again persistently attesting the loyal patriotism of her law-abiding people, their determination to uphold all efforts and n)casiires having for their objects the forcible overthrow of the rebellion, the ))uiiishnient of traitors wherever found, and the re-establishment of National obedience to the constituted authorities of the land." Michigan commenced 1865 with that determination to crush out the rebel- lion which had characterized her soldiers and people so far during the war, as expressed through the Legislature in the following resolution, included among the joint resolutions on the state of the Union, approved March 21st, 18(35: ''Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Michi- gan, That in the name, and in behalf of the people of the State of Michigan, we hereby rcailirm the devotion of this Commonwealth to the Constitution and Government of tlie United States, and the earnest determination of its people to do everything in their power to support and sustain the National 58 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Administration, in all measures for the vigorous prosecution of the existing war, the utter overthrow of armed rebellion, and the punishment of traitors, until a permanent peace shall be secured, based upon the submission of the rebels, the supremacy of the Government, and the establishment of tiie Federal Union in all its integrity, one and inseparable, throughout the entireland." The troops from Michigan, while absent from their homes, honoring -their State in the field in tliese important campaigns, were never forgotten by the Executive, nor by the people. Governor Blair, in bis message delivered to the Legislature, January 4th, 1865, greets them most affectionately from the Capi- tol of the State, on vacating the chair which he had so well filled and highly honored with distinguished ability and efficiency during the years of the war that had passed. In the administration of his executive duties, he had been so devoted to the best interests of his State, so true and loyal to his country, so fair and clear in all his public acts, so untiring in the discharge of his arduous and perplexing duties, so eminently pure in his private life, and so thoughtful at all times of the soldier in the field, that his official career had been de- servedly marked with great popularity among the troops, as well as with the entire people. The Governor alluded to them in the following beautiful and kindly language : "Again, and for the last time, I commend the Michigan troops to your con- tinued care and support. They have never failed in their duty to the country or to the State. Upon every great battle field of the war their shouts have been heard and their sturdy blows have been delivered for the Union and vic- tory. Their hard earned fame is the treasure of every household in the State, and the red blood of their veins has been poured out in large measure to redeem the rebellious South from its great sin and curse. At this hour they stand under the flag of their country, far away from home, in every quarter where the enemy is to be met — along the banks of the father of waters, in the great city at its mouths, on the Arkansas, in the captured forts of the Gulf, by the waters of the Cumberland, the Tennessee, and of the Savannah, in the chief citv of the Empire State of the South, among the conquering columns in the Valley of tlie Shenandoah, and in the trenches under tlie eye of the Lieutenant General in the great leaguer of Peteisburg and Richmond. Alas, that they are also perishing of cold and hunger, and disease, in the filthy rebel prisons and pestilential camps of the South. In every situation their bravery has won the apjjroval of their commanders, and their heroic endurance of hardships has added lustre to their name. It is my sole regret at quitting office that I part with them. My earnest efforts for their good shall follow them while I live, and now from this place I bid them hail, and farewell !" Early in 18()5 it was assumed that Michigan was not receiving full credit for her tliree yeais men, consequently the Governor requested the Adjutant Gen- eral to make a statement, which follows, setting forth the facts, and to pro- ceed to Washington, with a view to obtaining a reduction of her quota. The presentation of the case to the Provost Marshal General brought out his reply, which is also herein inserted. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 5& Not Siitisfied with tlip decision arrived at by General Fry, the Adjutant Gen- eral referred the matter to Senator Chandler and Congressman Ferry, who went with him to the Secretary of War and were by him referred to the Presi- dent. On gaining a hearing, Mr. Chandler stated the matter fully and strongly to- the President, and while he was talking Mr. Lincoln seemed very much per- plexed, and even gloomy. When Chandler eiided, he said; "Mr. Chandler,. I cannot do anything fnr you. We need men. Yours is the third State mak- ing the same demand to-day, and I believe that the bottom of the thing i& falling out." MiiTTARY Department, Michigan, ) Adjutant General's Offick,. > Detroit, February 6th, 1865. ) Hon. E. M. Sfanfofi, Sprrefnry of War: Sir: — I am directed by His Excellency, the Governor of Michigan, to pre- sent to your consideration the following statements: Under the call of the President of December 19th, 1864, 300,000 men are required to supply the deficiency under the call of July 18th, 18(54, and to pro- vide for casualties. The entire quota of Michigan, under the call of July 18th, 1864, as originally assigned by the Provost Marshal General, was 18,28:^, which, after the enroll- nifiit had been amended, was reduced to 15,760. Up to and including the 3J8t of December, 1864, there had been enlisted ii> tins State, and credited by the Acting Assistant Provosc Marshal General since the call of July, the following number of men : For one year, 6,016; for two years, 50; for three years, 10,121, making a total of men absolutely enlisted and credited of 16,187. This statement shows that instead of there being a deHcievcy in this State, under the call of July 18th, to be provided for under tlie additional call now pending, there was on the 31st of December an actual surplus standing to the credit of the State of 427, counting each man without regard to the term of his enlistment as a unit. lu the calculations, based upon periods of service, made at the office of the Provost Marshal General, and which entirely accord with those made by the Acting Assistant Provost Marshal General of this State, the proportion of men enlisted for three years entitled the State to a surplus credit on the call of July of 20,719; one year men to be credited to the present call. On the 31st of December this Department was officially notified that the quotas of the several Congressional Districts of Michigan, under the call of December lUth, 1864, after deducting credits, were as follows: First District 449 Second District 1,404 Third District 1,794 Fourth District 459 Fifth District Sixth District 1.716 Total 5,822 On the 4th of Febrnary, however, a further notification wns received from the Acting Assistant Provost Marslial General of the State, which placed the €0 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. entire quota of the State of Michigan, under the call of December, at 30,745 men, or 30,745 years of service, which, after deducting the credits to which they were entitled, placed the quota of the several Congressional Districts as iollows: First District 1,726 Second District 1,801 Third District 1,918 Fourth District 1,263 Fifth District 1,329 Sixth District 1,986 Total after deducting credits 10,026 A quota for Michigan of over 30,000 on a total call of 300,000, being more than one-tenth of the whole, it is apparent at a glance involves an enormous •error in calculation. The unquestioned fact that there was a surplus in Michigan under the call ■of July, entirely excludes the State from any computations based upon the -deficiencies under that call, and limits its liability subject to the modifjcations produced by allowing the credits promised for long terms of service to the requirements of the demand for 300,000 men. It is submitted that justice requires that a new and largely reduced quota fihall be assigned to this State. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JNO. ROBERTSON, Adjutant General Michigan. War Department, ) Provost Marshal General's Bureau, v Waslmigton, D. C, February 14th, 1865. ) Gen. John Rolertson, Adjutant General State of Michigan, Detroit, Mich.: General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to the Honorable, the Secretary of War, dated the 6th instant; and in reply thereto I beg leave to say: The quota of the State of Michigan is her equitable proportion of the 300,000 men called for by the President on the 19th of December, taking into account her enrollment as it stood on the 31st day of December, the amount of men heretofore furnished and the periods of their enlistment. A portion of the call of July 18th for 500,000 men was filled by credits allowed to the different States and districts, for men previously furnished, and not heretofore credited, and thus less than 500,000 were put in service under the July call, and hence it is that the December call is said to be a call to make up deficiencies. But as that call was filled, either by men or lawful credits, there is no actual deficiency in the accounts of any State or district, and the December call of 300,000 has been apportioned to all the districts, in proportion to their enrollment, and the amount of service heretofore furnished. In the assignment of the present quotas the State of Michigan has received credit for 20,719 years of service, which she had as excess, under the July call. But as tliat call is for 300,000 men in addition to all men heretofore furnished, that excess is not deducted from the quota, except to the extent that it exceeds the average amount of excess furnished by the other States. If all the States had furnished the same amount of excess (in proportion to their enrollment) then the quotas of all the States would have been in exact proper- MICHIGAN IM mil. WAH. 61 tion to their respective enrollments; but if none of the States had been in excess, then the quota of the State of Michigan would have been to that extent diminished. But as all the States have more or less excess, and as the call was to obtain additional men, the excess was added to the call and distributed to the States according to the enrollment, and then the specific amount of excess which each State had was deducted from its quota. The approximate quotas assigned in December was made up from incom- plete data, and have been revised and corrected, which accounts for the differ- ence alluded to in your communication. A commission has been appointed by the President to examine and report upon the correctness of the quotas of all the States and districts, and the principles upon which they are assigned, and the amounts of credits allowed to each. Until I have been advised by the report of the committee that error has intervened in the assignment of the quotas of the State of Michigan, I am at a loss to discover that any injustice has been done to the State. I have the honor to be, sir. Very respectfully, your obedient serv't, JAMES B. FRY, Prov, Marshal Oeneral, The whole matter relative to Michigan and other States was referred by the- President to a committee to in\v gate General Fry's mode of equalizing credits and assigning quotas, who reported as follows: "The call for three hundred thousand men, made by the President on the ]9th of December, 1864, requires that that number shall be raised. But the law requires that the number of men previously furnished by different locali- ties, and the periods of their service shall be considered, so as to equalize the draft. The number of men liable to military duty is to be determined by the enrollment lists. The number of men which had been furnished by the vari- ous localities, and their periods of service were ascertained, and previous accounts having been adjusted, the excesses, where they existed, were carried forward under the last draft. The amount of service furnished is determined by multiplying the number of men raised by the number of years' service for which they enlisted. Having thus ascertained tlie number of men enrolled on the 3l8t of December, 1864, the number of men furnished up lo that date, the localities from which they came, and the periods of their service, it is proposed to distribute the call for three hundred thousand men among the several dis- tricts and parts of districts according to the number enrolled in each, and tlie number of men furnished and the periods of service i)reviously rendered by each. The rule by which this is accomplished is as follows: "Take the whole number of years of service furnished by the districts of the United Slates from the commencement of the rebellion to the 31st December, 1864; from that sum deduct the whole number of men furnished from all the districts of the United States up to that date. The remainder will be the excess of years of service furnished by all the districts. Multiply the call of December 19th, 18(i4, by three, to have the number of years' service upon that call, and to this add the excess as ascertained above. Then, as the number of men enrolled from the whole United States, up to 31st December, 1864, is to •62 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the period of service as above ascertained, so is the number of men enrolled in a given district to the number of years of service it is required to furnish, in- cluding its pro rata share of the excess. From this sum deduct the actual excess the district furnished; the remainder is the number of years' service which the district is required to furnish under the call of December Iflth, 1SC4, which divided by tliree gives the number of men required from the district. "As this call is for 300.000 men, that number cannot be reduced by men going in for a period longer than one year. Inequalities produced by going under this call for longer periods than one year must be equalized on future ■calls. It will be perceived that though the aggregate of the excess furnished is added to the whole call, the excess of each district is afterward subtracted from its quata. Thus the number of men called for is neither increased nor dimin- ished, but equally produced, considering the number of men and the periods of their service. Localities which have heretofore furnished a greater amount of service have, in proportion to their enrollment, a less amount to furnish under this call, and conversely. Men having heretofore enlisted for one, two, and three years, it was necessary to take one of these periods as the basis of the calculation. As three years embraced both the other periods it makes the cal- culation more simple to adopt that. The same result wotild be arrived at by adopting either one or two years as the basis but the process of calculation would be more complicated. Such we find to be the rule adopted by the Pro- vost Marshal General, and find that it has been done with fairness. We file in the Provost Marshal General's office our calculation of the quota of each and -every district indorsed by us as correct. JAMES SPEED, AWy Gen'lofthe U. 8. R. DELAFIELD, Brig. Gefi'land C. Eng. of the U. S. A. C. W. FOSTER, Approved Feb. 17th, 1865. By order of the Secretary of War, Col. and Asst. Adjt. General. A. LINCOLN. E. D. TOWNSEND, Asst. Adjt. General. Notwithstanding this investigation and the decision rendered, it was claimed that Michigan did not receive full credit for her three years service, but in view of the fact, as stated by Mr. Lincoln, that the country needed men, the claim was waived, and the State cheerfully proceeded with the filling of her quota. During the session of the Legislature in 1865, the following concurrent reso- lution was unanimously passed : "Whereas, The Hon. Austin Blair, whose valedictory message was delivered io this Legislature on the fifth of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, has retired to private life ; "And whereas, The four years of his administration have been the most laborious, as well as the most perilous in the history both of the State and of the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 63 nation, with eleven of the most Southern States banded together in the most unjustifiable rebellion the world has ever known ; "And whereas, Governor Bhiir's administration has been marked by emi- nent ability, rare integrity, and unsurpassed success, as shown by the enlist- ments and organization into companies, regiments, and batteries, in the most perfect military order, of over eighty thousand men, as brave, true, and patri- otic as ever bared their breasts to any foe ; therefore " Be.-'Olred (the Senate concurring), That the thanks of the people of Mieh- igan, through this Legislature, are hereby cordially tendered to ex-Governor Blair, for the able and satisfactory manner in wiiich he has, during his admin- istration of the last four years, been able to conduct the affairs of the govern- ment of the State." Following Governor Blair, Henry H. Crapo took the executive chair, bringing to the service of the State and the nation strong and inherent patriotism, great ability, scrupulous honesty of purpose, and a most remarkable and preeminent degree of physical and mental energy, with almost continuous application, giv- ing his administration great efficiency and much popularity. The Governor, in his inaugural message delivered to the Legislature, referring to the Michigan troops in the field, for whom he always entertained the most profound respect and the highest appreciation of their valuable services, says, with much elo- quence and feeling, while alluding to the great loss of life among them and of the cause in which they were then still engaged : "This is indeed a fearful sacrifice to be made even in the cause of liberty, justice, and humanity, and fearful is the penalty and terrible is the sutiering which the authors and leaders of treason and rebellion deserve and must endure as a just consequence of this enormous crime. These brave men — the Michigan troops — are worthy of all praise. I commend them to your warmest sympa- thies, to your highest regards, to your active sup[)ort. They have done heroic deeds on every battle field ; they have won a name for undaunted courage in every conflict with a deadly and persistent foe ; they have endured hardships and privations without a murmur, and their loyalty and patriotism have never yet been tarnished. Those who have fallen upon the battle field or on the march, or have died in hospitals — who now sleep in death, martyrs to the cause of human freedom — our gratitude, our sympathies can never reach. But of those who suffer through loss of them, and of those bi'ave veterans who yet survive, we should ever be mindful. A nation's gratitude should over be theirs, and justice, at least, should be their reward. * * * * "Although the rebellion, involving a civil war of unparalleled magnitude, which was inaugurated at the close of the administration of James Buchanan by conspirators and traitors for the overthrow of our Government, still aims its blows at the dismemberment of the Union, causing the devastation of portions of our fair land, depleting the National Treasury, and destroying many of our best, most loyal, and patriotic men, the effurts for its suppression continue to be prosecuted wich undiminished vigor and with unfaltering jiurpo-e; and the events of the past year liave served but to increase our confidence in the perma- nency and power of our republican institutions. Tlie nation, it is true, has been surely tried, yet it has exhibited strength and resources far beyond the 64 MIClllGAM iSs THE WAB. most sanguine hopes of its friends ; while its enemies, both at home and abroad, have been compelled to confess their disappointment." * * Nor were they forgotten by the Legislature of the State ; for on the 22d of February, 1866, that body passed the following concurrent resolutiofl : ^^ Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That on- this anniversary of the birthday of the Father of his Country the thanks of this Legislature, and tlirough us of the people of the State, are hereby tendered to the soldiers of Michigan who promptly responded to the call of their country in its time of peril ; and who by their fortitude and soldierly bearing under the privations and hardships of a soldier's life, *in camp and field, through march and siege,' and by their indomitable bravery and heroism on scores of battle- fields, have won exalted honor to themselves, and crowned with unfading glory the name and fame of Michigan.'* With the great increase of Government, State, and local bounties in 1864 commenced the decrease of patriotism to a great extent among those enlisting outside of the armies in the field, which continued to lessen and lessen, and at the commencement of 1865 was not held out as any part of the induce- ments to enter the service. Enlistments had become a matter of bargain and sale, dollars and cents almost entirely ruling the action. On January 1st, 1865, the 11th Regiment of Infantry was in process of recruitment, and the organization of the 30th, designed for duty on the Mich- igan frontier, was completed on the 9th and mustered into service with the maximum number, and at once assigned to duty along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, with headquarters at Detroit. Little progress, however, had been made in filling up the 11th until February, when vigorous measures toward that end were adopted, and on the 4th of March four companies left camp at Jackson, for Nashville, Tennessee. On the 18th of the same month the remaining six companies had completed their organization, and on that day also took the route to Nashville, in command of Colonel P. H. Keegan, the muster-in rolls of the regiment showing a strength of 898 officers and men. On February 4th the Legislature authorized the payment of 8150 State bounty, which continued to be paid until the 14th of May following. Town- ships were empowered at the same time to pay a bounty of $100, which was also paid until recruiting ceased in the State. The successful operations of the United States armies having brought the war to a close by the utter overthrow of the rebel forces early in the spring of 1865, orders were at once issued to abandon all pending measures for the reinforcement of the National arms, and recruiting, as well as operations under the draft, ceased on the 14th of April. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 65 TABLE showing the number of men raised in each County of the State, between Novem- ber 1, 1S64, and the suspension of recruiting, April 14, ISO'S, together with the number previously raised therein under the Enrollment System, and the total number credited to each County from September 19, 1S63, to the close of the yVar: SUB-DISTRICTS. Enlisted Since Nuv. 1, jsei. Producl of Diiift duiiiig Siiine Period. Tebm of Service Cred- ITKD. Total Credit in N'uibers Bince Nov. 1, ]St;4. Hpretofore Credited under Eiiiolliu'nt Syaliui. Apgr'g't© Credits troni Seiit. 19, Army. Navy. 1 Year. 2 YearB. 3 Years. 18h3, to cliise of War. Alleeran .... 238 2 7 142 14 80 4 309 6 7 172 21 31 273 327 185 392 1 89 15 8 332 6 7 176 21 34 291 348 212 462 2 99 802 22 44 640 49 312 995 1,107 827 1,474 14 647 1^ 15 720 1,002 253 92 1,222 150 160 803 802 68 18 1,346 18 1,337 1,224 760 1,837 51 675 847 280 963 19 71 291 78 36 7 78 43 67 152 62 1,551 1 93 678 1 583 1 1.05] 1 1,134 Antrim . . 28 Alpena . .. 51 Barry ... 34 21 7 69 48 52 932 2 7 4 816 Beuzie . 70 Bay 27 210 300 160 421 "12 "'3' ""16' 3 15 21 27 60 1 10 346 Branch.. ..... . .. 1,286 1,455 1,039 Berrien Cass Calhoun . ... 1,936 16 Chebovgan Clinton Chippewa 92 746 5 Delta 5 3 33 17 60 4 86 5 3 205 177 78 4 320 5 3 225 181 83 5 357 24 Emmet . 18 Eaton 192 164 23 1 271 1 19 4 5 1 37 945 Genesee - .. 1,183 336 Gratiot ..... Grand Traverse Hillsdale 97 1,579 150 Houghton Huron 11 204 211 13 28 83 34 5 8 56 36 273 232 18 8 352 1 298 380 188 415 26 151 158 70 232 ^. 3 13 13 39 287 245 18 8 410 2 306 437 204 540 27 169 232 73 253 199 Ingham .... . 1,090 1 047 Ionia . ......... Isabella. ..... .... 86 Iosco ...... 26 Jackson .. 347 2 191 381 121 462 5 135 154 47 216 7 7 2 ""2 "'i' 51 1 7 55 16 123 1 18 74 3 20 1,756 Keweenaw 20 Kent - 115 56 83 78 22 34 78 26 37 1,643 1,661 964 Livingston Lenawee 2,377 78 844 Leelanaw Lapeer Monroe 1,079 ilontcalm 353 Macomb 1,216 19 Menominee Marquette ) Schoolcraft ) Muskegon 1 64 3 5 1 1 66 14 11 1 4 4 7 61 72 2 11 6 1 3 4 2 25 66 13 10 1 4 4 6 57 357 Mecosta. 1 1 92 Mason 4l1 Manitou 8 Manistee 1 82 Mackinac 47 Midland 5 36 1 4 74 Newaygo 213 Ontonagon 1 62 Oakland 492 19 184 91 299 "'i' "3" 43 11 11 12 61 432 28 182 98 282 2 "I' 1 6 101 2 i 1*' 4 535 30 196 103 363 2,086 Oceana 123 Ottawa 874 Shiawassee SX. Joseph 686 1,414 6t} MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. TABLE showing the number of men raised, etc. — Continued. SUB-DISTBICTS. Sanilac St. Clair... Saginaw Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Totals.... Enlisted Since Nov. 1, 1804. Product of Draft during same Period. Term of StnviCE Cred- ited. Total Credit in N'nibers since Nov. 1, 1864. Army. Navy. 1 Year. 2 Years. 3 Years. 24 148 115 16 158 517 619 ...... 4 9 64 19 17 61 20 93 26 167 126 32 198 378 471 1 '""4' 4 1 6 45 8 1 20 159 240 33 212 134 33 222 541 712 7,547 63 1,782 8,024 66 1,292 9,382 Beretofore Credited utuli^ EnrolliiTnt System. 346 991 1,020 320 717 1,765 3,631 Aggr'c'te Ciedili troiii Pept in, Km, to close of War. 379 1,203 1,154 353 939 2,306 4,343 35,247 ! 44,629 GENEEAL SUMMARY OF RESULTS, Showing aggregate numbers, in detail, of the credits allowed to each County in the State during the operations of the Enrollment System, together with the number of men enlisting, previously to the adoption of that System, and reported to the Adjutant Generals office as residents thereof, and the total, aj)proximately , of the number of troojis furnished by the several Counties from, the beginning to the close of the War: Ill — »^ •a j,tn ?§a III > "A c 19 3 it n 78 4 9 47 2 37 79 49 55 123 2 15 '""10 "'"59 98 13 3 59 2 ° a II 0.= Tekm of Service Ce edited. 1 = a ^^ c S = =1. 1,134 28 51 816 70 346 1,286 1,455 1,039 1,936 16 746 5 24 18 945 1,183 336 97 1,579 150 199 1,090 1,047 86 •- .2 02" S 3 COUNTIES. OS 15 '""3 "25 £ ° ~ t." Hi < All(^g-an Antrim Alpena Barry 726 14 39 604 25 264 788 996 709 1,423 9 558 4 1 12 697 807 152 80 1,230 137 74 819 873 53 96 215 7 3 88 42 20 191 164 139 53 5 57 13 6 66 65 153 6 178 530 18 8 301 47 35 474 555 374 690 1 155 1 12 6 346 290 156 35 442 589 10 43 515 23 311 809 900 665 1,221 15 591 4 12 12 598 893 180 62 1,137 150 137 607 1,041 7 809 "165 1,490 1,724 793 1,942 15 860 16 ■■"21 796 1,335 310 74 1,349 310 143 1,007 1,417 51 2,175 28 58 66 '"'"25 173 246 119 295 ""ii6 1 11 1 "55 "i7 42 1,625 Benzie Bay 7(1 511 Branch Berrien Cass 2,776 3,179 1,832 Calhoun Cheboygan Clinton Chippewa Delta 3,878 31 1,606 21 24 Emmet. 39 Eaton 123 206 18 "iii 13 12 98 79 6 '"7 1 1,741 Genesee Gratiot Grand Traverse Hillsdale Houijhton 2,518 64(; 171 2,928 460 Huron .... 30 51 36 1 83 122 59 26 62 479 "4 342 Ingham 2.097 2,464 Isabella 40 .... 46 137 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 67 GENERAL SUMMARY.— Continued. E=3S sl sA c 3 Tkrm of Sk.rvick CRKDITF.I). ■S|a >c c a 1 ^~ I.I s| COUNTIES. S E "2 3 B f = £ £6 ? = « t-> ~ = C I 4 '^S ^ > 2 1 Q 12 e> n u < Iosco 6 5 14 12 26 1 27 Jackson 1,311 208 37 106 91 554 8 1,191 1,753 1,479 3,232 Keweenaw 2(1 989 1,24() 1 446 612 "4 3 19 1,193 1,046 20 1,643 1,661 99 2,571 1,560 119 Kent 354 205 10 66 93 53 197 91 4,214 3,221 Kalamazoo LiviniTSton 710 89 7 21 137 258 706 964 923 1,887 Lenawee l/Ji? 224 14 93 99 563 7 1,807 2,377 2,060 4,437 Leelanaw 33 1 44 43 35 78 20 98 Lapeer 620 123 3 14 84 209 635 844 932 1,776 ;M onroe 691 115 1 37 235 344 2 733 1,079 1,191 2,270 Montcalm 251 16 25 61 138 215 353 287 640 ^Macomb 900 149 17 16 134 320 2 894 1,216 1,144 2,360 Menominee 19 70 19 72 19 72 193 19 Marquette... ) Schoolcraft.. ) 2 265 Muskegon 248 29 6 40 34 104 253 357 379 736 Mecosta 38 2 28 24 31 61 92 67 159 Mason . . 25 '""69 26 54 4 2 6 11 7 18 6 7 10 3 22 2 5 8 6 25 6 77 39 68 47 8 82 47 74 12 2 . 6 ""54 59 Manitou 10 Manistee 88 Mackinac ... 47 Midland 10 129 Newavgo 131 3 24 55 103 110 213 199 412 Ontonagon 61 1,622 1 212 62 1,506 62 2,086 192 1,632 254 Oakland 18 16 218 578 2 3,718 Oceana 85 1 15 22 37 86 123 100 223 Ottawa 669 106 5 57 37 292 4 578 874 673 1,547 Shiawassee 48-1 129 7 32 34 159 1 526 686 1,067 1,753 St. Joseph 1,125 96 10 94 89 534 7 873 1,414 1,422 2,836 Sanilac 235 81 . . 7 56 62 1 316 379 402 781 St. Clair 779 199 20 20 185 231 1 971 1,203 1,378 2,581 Saginaw 871 153 8 75 47 166 988 1,154 885 2,039 Tuscola 211 39 44 59 55 298 353 311 664 Van Buron 605 138 8 52 136 341 4 594 939 945 1,884 Washtenaw 1,741 334 49 124 58 723 6 1,577 2,306 1,778 4.084 Wa^ne 3,352 32,338 722 32 483 237 * 4,281 703 13.026 5 105 3,635 4,343 4,870 9,213 Totals 5,545 1,982 31,498 44.629 44,544 89,173 *Tlie total sura paid into the Treasury Department of the United States by drafted citizens oJ Michigan as coinmutatioii money was $5i(4,(JU0.U0. The product of soldiers and credits yielded by the several counties, as ex- hibited in the table immediately foregoing, is in its aggregate, as previously intimated, below the total number known to have been furnished by the State. The report of the Adjutant General's Department for 1804, showed that, according to the records, the actual number of men furnished by Michigan from the beginning of the war to November 1st, 1864, was 81,365 Add the number of men commuting - 1,98-i And the total credits to that time wore 83,347 68 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The number of men credited by enlistment and draft from November 1st, 1864, to the close of the war, as shown by preceding tables, was 9,382 Making the total credits of the State, from April, 1861, to April, 1865, ^ the entire period of the war, as shown by the records. 92,729 Deducting from this aggregate the number of men commuting 1,982 There is left a total number actually furnished in men, of 90,747 These figures do not include men enlisted in regiments of other States, and are believed to be substantially correct. There is a discrepancy liowever be- tween them and the tables of the War Department, as will be seen by the sub- joined letter from the Provost Marshal General : War Department, i Provost Marshal General's Office, > Washington, D. 0., Sept. 2d, 1865. ) His Excellency, H. H. Crapo, Governor of Michigan, Lansing : Sir : — I have the honor to inform you that the number of men furnished by the State of Michigan, from April 17th, 1861, to April 30th, 1865, is ninety thousand and forty-eight (90,048), without reference to periods of seryiee, which varied from three months to three years. I have the honor to be, Sir, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JAMES B. FRY, Provost Marshal QeneraL NATIVITIES OF TROOPS. TABLE Showing Nativities of Michigan Volunteers. New Enerland States 2,847 31,137 9,506 21,517 300 166 60 73 544 145 217 956 New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania Ohio and Indiana Mictiigan Illinois and Wisconsin Kencuekv and Tennessee Free States west of Mississippi river Slave States west of Mississippi river Southern States not above enumerated Indiana Free States, colored Slave States, colored Total United States 67,468 8,886 British America, exclusive of Canada.. . 169 8,276 441 Canada Canada, colored 76,354 England 3,761 3,929 763 4,872 380 22 381 238 47 Ireland Germany Spain and Spanish America Miscellaneous Miscellaneous, colored Total foreign 14,393 90,747 Total white k« on Total colored ".". i'." Totallndian ------^l---^-!--l]!-"!^!!l^!!li; 145 "eo.?*? anumKih .J Jn lis ,.?i v? i^, .'. '' \ rP"'''"^ '"'^ Mi<-hijrnn soldiers of the war. anri parti.-ularly 8 r.n^mirk^ of tl/ ''"';''■'' "* ''"'"; " '>" ^l""" the M.rvi.-e l.-.t an.l oiuluicl the longest, l.ore taw V beanl« mn«? AT, ." *'"!*' """^ "■? «>=""e".l having floii.l complexions, some vi.h ^e.l or lawnj uearils, most oi them having bro«n or light brown hair, and boine red hair, while few 70 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The foregoing table varies from the credit finally given by the War Depart- ment, but is entered as it was received, having been compiled by Professor Gould from researches made by one of his employes in the Adjutant General's office of the State. In connection with the foregoing statement, the following table from a val- uable statistical wo;k by Benjamin A. Gould, an eminent statistician, then Actuary to the United States Sanitary Commission, will be found interesting, covering as it does, the nativities of over 2,000,000 of Union soldiers, showing 1,523,267 natives to 494,933 foreign. TABLE Showing Nativities of United States Volunteers. PLACE OF ENLISTMENT. Maine -. >iew Hampshire.. Vermont IMasbucliusetts R. 1. and Conn New Yorii .. New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Dist. of Columbia West Virginia Kentucky Ohio Indiana ........ Illinois ,. Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri Kansas Native Biitish Americans. Americans 48, 135 3,217 19,759 2,362 2'2,0:J7 2,713 7y,5BO 2,917 37, i90 1,697 203,bi-J 19,985 35,196 2,6!I2 2'2.i,(i41 1,339 8,aU6 45 2-2,435 155 9,967 54 21,111 35 38,988 67 219,949 1,589 141,454 760 168,9J3 4,404 54,?30 3,136 47,972 3,371 11,977 1,371 48,K86 995 46,676 359 13,493 269 1,523,267 53,532 English. 779 1,147 325 2,306 2,234 14,024 2,491 3,503 127 403 152 248 117 2,619 1,248 5,953 1,310 3,703 614 1,015 761 429 Irish. 1,971 2,699 1,289 10,007 7,657 51,206 8,8ft0 17,418 5«2 1,400 698 550 1.303 8, 129 3,472 12,041 3,278 3,621 1,140 1,436 4,362 1,082 Germans. 244 952 86 1,876 2,919 36,680 7,337 17,208 621 3,107 746 869 1,943 20,102 7,190 18,140 3,534 15,709 2,715 2,850 30,899 1,090 other Foreigners "Foreign- ers" not otherwise designated 454 881 208 1,591 2,129 11,555 2,051 3,632 130 400 156 284 181 3,149 1,374 7,379 1,251 5,124 2,183 1,618 2,343 437 142 7,243 1,074 728 353 5,859 189 227 203 501 4,363 902 '""4^661' 48,410 26,445 Total Number dif- ferent White SoldieiK 54,800 27,800 26,800 105,500' 54,9110 337,800' 59,300' 271,5(10 10,000 27,900 12,000- 23,300- 43, 100 259,900 156,400 216,900 72,000 79,500 20,000 56,600 85,400 16,800 2,018,200 had dark complexions, black hair or black beards, clearly showing that a very large number of both officers and men whose endurance enabled them to undertake and accomplish itie most ardu- ous service, were of the complexion and temperament referred to. This was so noticeable in one of the Michigan regiments, that the Colonel, when he had a detail to make involving a necessity lor great endurance in overcoming hardships, directed that saudy haired men be selected. CALLS OF THE PRESIDENT FOR TROOPS. From the Antinal Cyclopedia, 1865: **From returns made by the Provost Marshal General it appears that the aggregate quotas charged against the several States under all the calls made hy the President from April 15th, 1861, to April loth, 1865, amounted to 2,759,049; and that the aggregate number of men credited on the several calls and put into the service during the same period was 2,656,553, leaving a defficiency on all calls, when the war closed, of 102,496, which would have been obtained in full if recruiting and drafting had not been discontinued. This number does not embrace the 'emergency men' put into the service at various times during the summer of 1863, amounting to upward of 120,000 men, who served periods of two or three weeks. "The following tables, furnished to Congress by the Secretary of War, in compliance with a resolution of the House of Representatives, adopted in Decembei-, 1865, give the latest official information with respect to the number of volunteers called for by the President at various periods: Number of Troops Furnished Under Different Calls. DATE OF CALL. CaU of April 15, 1861, for 75,000 men Call of May 3, and July 22 and 25, 1861, for 500,000 men Call of July 2, 1862, for 500,000 men.. Call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 men Proclamation of June 15, 1863, for militia Calls of Oct. 15, 1863, and February 1, 1864, for 500,000 Call of March 14, 1864, for 200,000 men Militia mustered into service in spring of 1864 Call of July 18, 1864, for 500,000 men Call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men Number of Men. Terms of Eulisiment. 98,235 3 months. r 2,715 j 9,056 6 months. 1 year. ■ 30,952 2 years. 657,863 3 years. 419,627 3 voars. 86,860 9 months. 16,361 6 months. 374,807 3 years. 284,021 3 years. 83.612 100 days. ( 149,356 1 &, 2 years. \ 234,798 ( 728 3 years. 4 years. 1 151,105 1 year. 1 5,076 ] 48.065 2 years. 3 years. t 312 4 years. 72 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Number of Troops Furnished by States. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland West Virginia District of Columbia Ohio Indiana lUinois. Michigan Wisconsin M innesota Iowa Missouri Kentucky Kansas Total Aggregate. 71. 34, 35, 151, 23, 57, 455, 79, 366, 13, 49, 30, 16, 317, 195, 258, *90, 96, 2-5, 75, 108, 78, 20, 745 605 256 785 711 270 568 511 326 651 730 003 872 133 147 217 119 118 034 860 773 540 097 2,653,062 Agfrrcgaie Rectuoett to Three Years' Stanilanl. 56,595 30,827 29,052 123,844 17,878 50,514 380,980 55,785 267,558 10,303 40,692 27,653 11,506 329,976 152,283 212,694 80,865 78,985 19,675 68,182 86,192 70,348 18,654 2,129,041 *The final credit allowed Michigan by the Provost Marshal was 90,048. The followiug is tuken from the same work made up from the Piovi ti Marshal General's report: "The recorded number of deserters was 268,530, although the Provost Marshal General considers that about one-fourth of these were subsequently accounted for. More than 76,000 were arrested, but probably as many as 125,000 different enlistments failed to yield soldiers to the army, although they led to their entry upon the official records. ***** " In general, the manufacturing States, as, for instance, Massachusetts, Connecticut, lihode Island, New York, and New Jersey, rank high in the column of desertion; and this result is to be attributed to the fact that such States are dotted with towns and cities. "It appears beyond dispute that the crime of desertion is especially charac- teristic of troops from large cities, and of the districts which they supply with recruits. The ratio per thousand of deserters to credits throughout the loyal States is 62.51. *********** "The respectable and industrious part of this population did, indeed, pro- duce a mass of faithful troops, but with these were mixed a vast number oi" adventurers unwortiiy of any country, who had no affection for the Republic, .and only enlisted for money." ■"'a ''^ ' '■' S:'y„u^l S( GOVERNOR CRAPO'S WELCOME TO RETURN- ING TROOPS. With the surrender of the rebel army, under General Lee, on the 9th of April, 1865, and the subsequent surrender of General Johnston's army in the same month, the war which had been waged against the Union ended, and soon after the troops belonging to the Yarious States began to leave the Oeld. The Michigan troops being among the first to receive orders, the Twentieth Regiment arrived in the State June 4th, 1865, and others followed in succes- sion up to June 10th, 18G(3, when the Third and Fourth Eegiments of Infan- try reached the State, being the last belonging to the State to leave the field. On the 14th of June, 18G5, Governor Crapo issued the following proclama- tion of welcome and thanks to the returning Michigan troops, which properly belongs to the military history of the State, and is therefore inserted iiereiu : Michigan Soldiers — Officers and Men: In the hour of National danger and peril, when the safety — when the very existence — of your country was imperiled, you left your firesides, your homes and your families, to defend the Government and the Union. But the danger is now averted, the struggle is ended, and victory — absolute and com})lete vic- tory — has perched upon your banners. You have conquered a glorious peace, and are thereby permitted to return to your homes and to the pursuits uf tran- quil industry, to which I now welcome you I And not only for myself, but for the people of the State, do I tender you a most cordial greeting. Citizen Soldiers! Recognized by the institutions of the land as freemen — as American citizens, that proudest of all political distinctions — and possessing, in common with every citizen, the elective franchise, which confers the right to an exercise of the sovereign power, you had become so identified and engrossed with the National enterprise and prosperity derived from the untrammeled privileges of Republican freedom, that the enemies of those institutions, in their ignorance of the princii)les upon which they are founded, madly and foolishly believed that you were destitute of manhood. They supposed you had become so debused by continued toil as to be devoid of every noble impulse. They imagined that you were cowards and cravens, ami that by the threatenings alone of a despotic and tyrannical oligarchy you could not only be subdued, but robbed of your inheritance of freedom — of your birthright of liberty — those glorious and priceless legacies from your j)atriotic sires. Through the vilest treachery and the foulest robbery, these wicked and perjured 10 74 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. men, whom their country had not only greatly benefited and favored, but highly honored, believed that by despoiling your country of its reputation, of its treasures, of its means of protection and defense, they had ensured your degradation and defe;it. Fatal mistake ! and terrible its consequences to those wicked and forsworn men, as well as to their deluded and blinded votaries ! Soldiers ! You have taught a lesson, not only to the enemies of your country, but to the world, which will never be forgotten. With your brave comrades from every loyal State in this great and redeemed Union, you have met these vaunting and perjured traitors and rebels face to face, upon the field of battle, in the front of strongly fortified intrenchments, and before almost impregnable ramparts; and by your skill and valor — your persistent efforts and untiring devotion to the sacred caupe of freedom, of civilization, and of mankind — you have proved to those arch criminals and their sympathizers that it is not neces- sary for men to be serfs and slaves in order to be soldiers, but that in the hands of free and enlightened citizens, enjoying the advantages and blessings conferred by free institutions, the temple of Liberty will ever be safe, and its escutcheon forever unsullied. Although you return to us bearing honorable marks of years of toil, of hardship, of privation, and of suffering — many of you with bodies mutilated, maimed, and scarred — mourning the loss of brave comrades ruthlessly slain on the field of battle, tortured to death by inches, or foully murdered in cold blood, not with the weapon of a soldier, but by the lingering pangs of starva- tion and exposure — yet you will in the future enjoy the proud satisfaction of having aided in achieving for your country her second independence — in vindi- cating the National honor and dignity — in overthrowing that despotic and unholy power which has dared to raise its hideous head on this continent for the purpose of trampling upon and destroying that inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which is the birthright of all — and finally, in placing the Union, established by the blood of our fathers, upon an imperishable foundation. You will also possess the rich inheritance of merit- ing the continued plaudits, and of enjoying the constant gratitude of a free people, whose greatness yuu have preserved in its hour of mot^t imminent peril. In the name of tlie people of Michigan, I thaiik you for the honor you have done us by your valor, your soldierly bearing, your invincible courage, every- where displayed, whether upon the field of battle, in the perilous assault, or in the deadly breach ; for your patience under the fatigues and privations and sufferings incident to war, and for your discipline and ready obedience to the orders of your superiors. We are proud in believing that when the history of this rebellion shall have been written, where all have done well, none will stand higher on the roll of fame than the officers and soldiers sent to the field from the loyal and patriotic State of Michigan, VOLUNTEER SURGEONS. Notwithstanding the medical department of the Government exercised all it? accustomed foresight and made judicious use of its immense resources with advanced preparations to meet coming emergencies, there were times during the war, when great battles came thick and fast, when rebel bullets felled men like tlie grain in harvest, that it failed in sup])l\ ing a sufficiency of surgeons in the field, and extreme suffering threatened the sick-and wounded. This deficiency, however, was readily and cheerfully made up by the voluntary service of the medical men of the land. The surgeons of Michigan were not behind in the humane work, and without fee or proffer of reward, never failed, although at a great sacrifice, in promptly and substantially responding to the emergency. The following extract, from a report made in 18G4 by Dr. Joseph Tunnicliff, of Jackson, then State agent at Washington, to the Adjutant General, sets forth their readiness for this service : "The Potomac Army, under command of Lieutenant General Grant, crossed the Rapidan May 5th, 18G4, and from that day onward to about the lOtli day of June, there occurred a nearly continuous succession of battles, so frequent that it is a common remark of the soldiers returned from that campaign that it seen)ed to them like one continuous battle. "Certain it is that the entire region, from the Eapidan to Cold Harbor, was a continuous battle ground. Three hundred thousHiul men in daily and nightly conflict for thirty-five days produced of necessity a host of wounded, wlio demanded from not only the Government but the people every possible assistance. "Not only the government ambulances and wagons, but every other possible means of transiioitation which could be devised, were resorted to by the sick and wounded to reach Fredericksburg, the newly established base and depot of ^supplies. "On the 12th day of May I received from you, General, on behalf of the (iovernor, the folhiuing telegram: " ' To J. Tunnicliff, Jr., Michigan State Agent: " 'The Governor dirccls tlinl you make every exertion to Inke cnre of the Michigan woijiide'd soldiers. Employ sufficient at^f^istaiice to do so, and use wlat money may be necessary. Should you need any number of asj-istants from the Slate, inform by tele- graph, and acknowledge the receipt of this dispatch by telegraph.' "Upon receipt of the above, and after cousultation with General Joseph K. 76 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Barnes, Surgeon General — who, permit me to add, is precisely the right man in the right place — I dispatched the following reply: " ' General Robertson: "* " 'Sir — Your telegram is received. Large provision has already been made by the Sur- geon General and the various sanitary commissions to meet the requirements. I have forwarded Mrs. Brainard and Miss Whcelock, with three assistants and twenty boxes of sanitary stores, to Fredericksburg, on the 10th instant. The Surgeon General directs me to say that he will accept the services of ten experienced surgeons, fully equipped for ten days'" service in the field. Direct them to report at tiiis office. I have made provisions to have them forwarded.' "It is with no ordinary pride that I record the fact that, in response to this invitation, thirty-three surgeons, with their assistants, left their business and the comforts of home to volunteer their services, without compensation, to aid their suffering countrymen at this trying period, and among them are many of the most eminent surgeons of our State. I deem it but just that 1 should append their names: , "Drs. Alonzo B. Palmer, Ann Arbor; D. L. Davenport, E. M. Clark, De- troit; Edward Cox, Z. L. Slater, Battle Creek; C. F. Ashley, W. G. Cox, A. F. Kinney, Ypsilanti; W. B. Smith, Ann Arbor; Gordon Chittock, F. M. Keasnor, Jackson ; R. B. Gates, George Barnes, Chelsea ; S. C. Willie, East Saginaw; M. F. Baldwin, Flint; Stephen Griggs, E. W. Goodwin, Detroit; E. Church, Marshall; R. H. Davis, Mason; James C. Willson, Flint; H. C. Farraud, East Saginaw ; J. E. Smith, Portland ; John Smith, Pontiac ; J. E. Wilson, Rochester; F. B. Galbraith, C. C. Jerome, Port Huron; 0. F. Bur- roughs, Gulesbnrg; J. P. Nash, Marshall; W. L. Stillwell, Kalamazoo; S. Lathrop, Pine Run; H. C. Fairbank, Grand Blanc; E. R. Ellis, and L. DePuy, Grand Rapiils. " Thousands of the soldiers of our army — for their labors were not restricted to the soldiers of our State — will remember so long as the pulses of life flow, with grateful hearts, the unselfish devotion and skill with which this body of volunteer surgeons labored to relieve them. "They were not all assigned to duty at Fredericksburg; for, as the army advanced, some of them were sent to the AVhite House, and many of them to City Point. Most of them remained so long as their services were needed, and I regret to add that a number of them returned in a greatly impaired state of health. ** The following young gentlemen, students of medicine and surgery, for- warded by the citizens of Ann Arbor, reported as volunteer dressers, June 1st, were accepted by the Surgeon General, and sent to duty in hospitals at City Point; Messrs. 0. Marshall, M. 0. Bentley, P. Martin, J. K. Johnson, and D. V. Dean. Tiiey all did well — indeed, most of them were so well liked by the medical officers in charge that they were soon employed as assistant suigeous, and placed in charge of surgical wards. It may be well to add here that these young men had nearly completed their course of study preparatory to gradua- tion. The people of Ann Arbor may well feel proud of their contribution, it was wliat money could not purchase." The services rendeied by these professional gentlemen of Michigan, without pay or hope of reward, except that which a sense of having performed a duty to their country, and a consciousness that in so doing they aided in alleviating much suffering of their fellow man gives, were of great value to the Govern- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 77 menfc, and at, the same time aflministerpd to the relief of thousands then suffer- ing from disease and won i ids consequent to recent battles and to those then in progress. Tiiat this service was not confined to Michigan men was proverbial, as Die sick and wounded of other States coming within their cognizance were alike relieved, — not even excepting the rebel who fell into their hands, for they were also received with generous recognition, regardless of their rebellious crime. While it is not assumed that Michigan surgeons were more humane than those of otiier States, it is honestly claimed that during the war their fullest sympathies were extended to all the suifering consequent to the great struggle, and when opportunity offered were not withheld from the rebel. Among the many evidences of this fact, the following occurrence, which speaks for itself, is made a matter of record because the circumstance was brought about under the direction of a Michigan surgeon : After the engagements at Perryville, and at other points in Kentucky in the latter part of 1862, several thousand rebel sick and wounded had been gathered together in hospitals at Harrodsburg, Kentucky. On October iJOth Surgeon William H. DeCamp of the Michigan Engineers and Mechanics was detailed as Medical Director to relieve Surgeon Chambers, and assigned to duty in chargo of all the hospitals at that point. The administration of Dr. DeCamp appears to have been most efficient and considerate, as established by the following rebel authority, and illustrating, at least in one instance, the fact that rebel wounded received humane treatment at Union hands: Confederate Hospitals, | Harrodsburg, Kentucky, Nov. 14th, 1862. j Sir — As we shall soon be called to report at the headquarters of the Confed- erate Army of Mississippi, we desire, before our departure, to signify to you our feelings for your conduct towards us and the patients in our charge. You, as Post Surgeon, have labored under very many serious disadvantages; yet through your skill and untiring energy you have rendered the sick and wounded as comfortable as could have been done under more favorable circum- st'Bnces. You have evinced a desire to extend to us those courtesies which pro- fessional etiquette sanctions, and are suggested by a sound and discriminating mind ; and for all of which you will, Sir, please receive our thanks and best wislies for your prosperity. We remain your obliging and obedient servants. J. F. Scott, Surgeon C. S. A. A. T. Boyd, Surgeon C. S. A. Wm. Singleton, Surgeon C. S. A. J. D WooTON, Surgeon C. S. A. S. M. Thompson, Surgeon C. S. A. Jo's D. Moore, Chief Surgeon C. S. A. N. J. Turner, Ass't. Surgeon C. S. A. J. E. Wilson, Ass't. Surgeon C. S. A. Rob't F. Cahlin, Surgeon C. S. A. Jas. H. Wilkes, Ass't. Surgeon C. S. A. R. M. Sutfield, Surgeon V. A., C. S. A. H. Plttmeb, Surgeon C. S. A. R. D. GwYN, Ass't. Surg.-on C. S. A. H. S. Allen, Ass't. Surgeon C. S. A. To Wm. H. DeCamp, M. D., Post Surgeon and Medical Director U. S. A., Harrodsburg, Ky. 78 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The assertions generally advanced by the people and pre^s of the southern States in refutation of the charges of cruelty to Union prisoners, that they received as good treatment as rebel prisoners did at the hands of ^he North, have been unquestionably proved erroneous. That this has been established beyond a doubt it is but necessary to investigate the matter by a reference to the most reliable statements which have become a part of the war history, and which were verified by personal observation of the good condition of the rebel prisoners when exchanged, as compared with the Union men with their emaci- ated and fearfully deformed bodiep, a result of untold tortures administered with diabolical and criminal intent upon the unarmed and helpless captives, unheard of in the histories of the past, the responsibility of which can never be removed from the confederate government or excused by its apologists, but will be handed down the vista of time as without a parallel in barbarous cruelty. The inhuman treatment of the Union prisoners cannot be forgotten, nor the crime mitigated in the least on the plea that it was as good as that received by the rebel prisoners, for it has been well established that they were provided with the same shelter, rations, medicine and surgical aid as the Union army, and when released and sent to the rebel army were in good condition, the death percentage being comparatively small ; while the Union prisoners were huddled together in filthy prisuns, swarming with vermin and infected with disease, or placed purposely in camps of unhealthy location without shelter except the holes which their own emaciated and weak hands dug in the damp earth, wliere, without covering they burrowed like beasts, resulting in sickness, with but little, if any, medical aid ; starving them by thousands to death by exposure and hun- ger, or reducing them to hideous skeletons, or to an idiotic condition worse than death. The commission appointed by the United States Sanitary Commission to investigate the matter, after a full and fair examination of the subject, taking evidence of both Union and rebel prisoners, says: "No supposition of negligence, or thoughtlessness, or indifference, or acci- dent, or inefficiency, or destitution, or necessity, can account for all this. So many and such positive forms of abuse and wrong cannot come from negative causes. " The conclusion is unavoidable, therefore, that ' these privations and suffer- ings' have been 'designedly inflicted by the military and other authority of the rebel government,' and cannot have been 'due to causes which such authorities could not control.' " ARMY VOTE. In accordance with an act of the Legislature, approved February 5th, 1864, to enable tlie qualified electors of this State in the military service to vote at certain elections, the same were held amongst the Michigan troops in the ser- vice of the United States on the 7th day of November, 1864. They took place under the supervision of the commissioners appointed in the following letter of the Executive, and were conducted in compliance with the instructions therein contained : State of Michigan, Executive Office, \ Lansing, Octoler 14th, 1864. f The several commissioners appointed and commissioned under the act entitled ^'An act to enable the qualified electors of the State in the military service to vote at certain elections, and to amend sections 45 and 61 of chapter 6 of the compiled laws," are directed immediately to make and file with the Secretary of State the oath of office as required by law, and on or before the 25th day of October instant to report at the office of the Adjutant General in Detroit, where the necessary poll-books, blank forms, certificates, and instructions, together with copies of the law, will be furnished them. Having been so furnished, the commissioners will immediately proceed to the places where the work assigned them is to be performed. In the performance of theii' duties they will take the oath of office as the guide, and will do their duty "impartially, fully, and with- out reference to political preferences or results." It will be proi)er for them to carry printed ballots with them for the use of the electors of whatever party j but the act forbids them to attempt iu any manner to influence or control the vote of any soldier. Such printed ballots may also be. left at the office of the Adjutant General in Deti'oit, to be delivered to the commissioners, or they may be delivered directly to the commissioners themselves. In the appdi'tionment of the work it has been found very difficult to make it equal or even to cover the whole ground. The commissioners are therefore required, if necessary, to assist each other, and wherever .small bodies of Michigan troops are found with whom no commis- sioner is present to act as such. The work is apportioned among the commis- sioners as follows : ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. David B. Harrison, Mason, 26th Infantry, 1st division, 2d army corps, near Petersburg, Va. b'J MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. M. D. Hamilton, Monroe, 7th Infantry, 2d division, 2d army corps, and Company B, 2d U. S. S. S., 1st division, 3d army corps, near Petersburg, Va. Edwin 0. Hinsdale, Detroit, 5th Infantry, 3d division, 2d army corps, and Companies C, I, and K, 1st U. S. S. S., in the same division, near Peters- buig, Va. John S. Estabrook, East Saginaw, 1st and 16th Infanti'y, 1st division, 5th army corps, near Petersburg, Va. William W. Wright, Livonia, 24th Infantry, 3d division, 5th army corps, near Petersburg, Va. William Winegar, Grass Lake, 2d, 8th, and 17th Infantry, 1st division, 9th army corps, near Petersburg, Va. Joseph Warren, Detroit, 20th and 27th Infantry and 1st Sharp-Shooters, 1st division, 9th army corps, near Petersburg, Va. Jacob Kanouse, Cohoctah, 1st and 5th Cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps, in the Shenandoah Valley. Martin Gray, Saline, 6th and 7th Cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps, in the Shenandoah Valley. Andrew Kobinson, Sharon, one company 1st Cavalry and one company 26th Infantry, and U. S. hospitals, at Alexandria, Va. Ciiarles Betts, Burr Oak, 13th and 14th batteries, Fort Foot, Maryland, and hospitals in Washington. AKMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. Asher E. Mather, Pontiac, 9th and 22d Infantry, General Thomas's head- quarters, near Atlanta, Ga. William A. Robinson, Grand Eapids, 10th and 14th Infantry, 2d division, 14th army corps, near Atlanta, Ga. Henry L. Hall, Hillsdale, 18th Infantry, 4th division, 20th army corps, near Decatur, Ala. John C. Laird, Mendon, 19th Infantry and Battery I, 3d division, 20th army corps, near Atlanta, Ga. L. M. S. Smith, Grand Haven, 13th and 21st Infantry, engineer brigade. Lookout Mountain, Tenn. David Horton, Adrian, 4th Cavalry, 2d division, cavalry corps, near Atlanta, Ga. John McNeil, Port Huron, 2d Cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps, near Franklin, Tenn. Albert Miller, Bay City, Batteries E and D, Battery E at Nashville, Tenn., Battery D at Murfreesboro, Tenn., and the hospitals at Nashville. E. D. W. Burtch, Lansing, 1st Engineers and Mechanics, Cartersville, Ga. Asa Bunnell, Lyons, Company D, 66th Illinois Volunteers, and Companies B and H, 44th Illinois Volunteers, near Atlanta, Ga. John H. Kichardson, Tuscola, 29th Infantry, Nashville, Tenn. ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. William Sinclair, Jonesville, 15th Infantry, 2d division, 15th army corps, near Atlanta, Ga. Thaddens G. Smith, Fentonville, Batteries B and C, 16th army corps, Bat- tery B at Home, Ga., and Battery C at East Point, Ga. Sylvester Higgins, Charlotte, Batteries H and K, 17th army corps, near Atlanta, Georgia. MICHIGAN IN THE V\AR. 81 James J. Hogaboom, Hudson, 23d and 25th Infantry, and Battery F, 2d division, 23d iitniy corps, near Decatur, Georgia. William Hulsart, Konieo, 8th Cavalry, Nicholasville, Ky., and Batteries L and M, 23d army corps, Cumberland G.q), Tenn. M. S. Bowen, Coldwater, 9th Cavalry, cavalry division, 23d army corps, near Atlanta, Georgia. Henry H. Holt, Muskegon, 10th Cavalry, cavalry division, 23d army corps, Strawberry Plains, Tenn. William A. House, Kalamazoo, cavalry division, 23d army corps, Louisa, Ky. ARMY OF THE GULF. Warren S. Crippin, Schoolcraft, 6th Heavy Artillery, near Mobile, and Bat- tery G, New Orleans. Levi Sparks, Niles, 12th Infantry, 2d division, 7th army corps, Duvall's Bluff, Ark. Nathan H. Bitely, Lawton, 3d Cavalry, at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. William F. Neil, Battle Creek, Merrill Horse, at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. S. 0. Kingsbury, Grand Rapids, 3d Infantry, Nashville. W. Y. Rumney, Detroit, 4th Infantry, Nashville. William B. Williams, Allegan, 2Sth Infantry, Nashville. Josiah Turner, Owosso, hospitals at Annapolis, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and York, Penn. Weston Flint, hospitals at St. Louis, Mo. Caleb Clark, hospitals at Washington, aud Frederick, Md. D. 0. Farrand, hospitals at Detroit. AUSTIN BLAIR. 11 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. •SauajjBog i j i j i 1 j 1 1 i j i i i 1 j ! i [ [ J i j i i M 1 1 1 . j .QO 1 1 1 t 1 1 I 1 • 1 1 • 1 t 1 1 1 ^^1 , , 1 1 1 1 ■ ' •sajo^ joajjaduii ; i i i i i : i ! : i ! i ; i : : ; : i ! ! i ! : I i i— lO tc » ir J (?) 'M C lO . CO 1 i(N — CO (M •* lO 1 -# CO OS CO X ~. 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I I 1 ► Its ! ; ! : ! 1 • : f- !t? .' ^ I 1 ^ ! • '.^ i: >.5£"-^£ c c c = > C i >£ '^ C c ~ .a! d s "-^ c^""- c c ^i-~»-ii:3 £ - £ =^' = = c =< == 1 I 1 '.5-3 • 1 1 J c -^ >> 1 .. ^'ci:55 = = = "S 53gi.2^.SP.£^ •/. iri &- ^ f/j a. K ?5 (» >-,>>>. ''i t^. >i >> t>-.;j > a ci II £ ^ »i« ci t > |_t- c; - c~t: - ^ = --" c ;- =^ Sx: c —■ ^ ^ Ci 0-- we? MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 83 1 1 1 1 1 ! : ! i i i ! ! i : i i i i 1 i i i i 1 i 1 1 ; : • 1 1 i 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 I 1 ! ! 1 ! i i i i i :;::!;:!■!;;■!:■; |^^ ;:;!;;; : I : ; ; I ; I ; ;5? ; : ; : : I 5 JSi=*"g3 . r* r^ CO -^ — "f^ aD > ya — c •* r? — -m ro ^ ■M c « — . ^7 3: .«,, f -v " m rn ,c i i lO e»0 iO~ i«3: ■ cceiooiotJ-i'Min— i .eo •■»«■* »— eiinr*oo 1 • .^H-^F^ Ol 35 of tOt-TKCCg i i !5 eioio— iwoi 1 CD 04 00 lO 54 — (N lO — ' -l i053i icoo4 00ioe4 — o4in — i ico ■cogo^ji • fi Ol lO r^ 00 1 1 ' « -^ 35 04" SS^^gJ :'-l5"S«^S :"§§!52sas in (NO inrH leoo iCD0400inoJ — oiin — 04 ico ox.* I f-< OJ in t^ 00 r^ 1 . — . — , F^ S- xh^'vrsg i'-S^asSS :=°§§52SSS in c-i o in — 1 m 35 icDO«ooioe4 — o»in — 04 ,yi .mx-* 1 r 1CDO4001O54 — Olin — Ol ICO ilOOO-* 1 p-(o»inc^W'^ 1 1^^—.^ g 05 ^^^?iz i2|5§5l=?^^2S5ai2lS ?i t- in '^> >n r-i :c 3; I-" ;c (M CO C4 CO in -^as — Oino4c— co^O5'-'35-»'0oe4r^ -1 — O4.«i-;.*oj2g2^oioi .»fr-io o «a: t^ 'N o ;S|3g55S5SSSg|||2 S USSSIS?gS — 0500ino>=: — cc — -— 35«[)"or)Oir^ -Hr-104.fl.r-i.*o — CO — 3:-- :S|5g55S5SgSg|||S ■3i t^ in C-l O -^ :C 35 •-^ «j e< CO o CO in ^atoomoio— CO— 'a;^35*^ooo4r» — 1 1-1 04 .«< ri ^ OJ CO g 2 T(< 04 04 '« t^ lO S55SS iSpiS55S^=^S5g|||a s E;igSJ^5J??S — icsooincio— CO — 3-. -iO)04 •a-i^m g 05" ?25.SS?ig ;5|51g55??^2l§S§||§|2 s fH CO (J4 CO 04 CO in — 050oino4Ci — CO — 3i ~^ Oi -^ y^ fri t* — — 04-* — TfOl^y, — -^OIOI ■a't^lO 01 3:" Battery B, Light Artillery Battery 0, Light Artillery Battery D, Light Artillery Battery E, Light Artillery Battery F, Light Arlillerv ♦Battery G. I.isrht Artillery Battery I, Light Artillery Battery L, and other Deiachmonis Battery M, and other Detachments Battery Uih Battery 13th - Dot. 2Uh Infantry, at City Point Hospital Det. 28th Infantry, at Miintordsvillc, Ky Det. nth Cavalry, at Flemingsbiiig, Ky... Det. 2d t'avalry, at Pulaski, Tenn First Kngineers and Mechanics, Cos. Band K... First Kngineers and Mechanics, Cos. Daii'l K .. First Kngineers and Mech.inics, Cos. (/ami G... First Kngineersand Mechanics, Cos H and I... First Knigineersand Mechanics, Cos. .\ and F... First Kngineers and Mechanics, Del. parts of Coa. I. and M, at Stevenson, Ala First Engineers and Mechanics, Det.. parts of Co. L, at Tallahoma, Tenn Judiciary square Hospital, Washington U. S General Hospital, Frederick, M D Campbell ILispital Camden National Hospital, Baltimore, Md U. .S. General Hospital, Annapolis, .Md Det. and Hospital at Alexandria, Va Hospital at \ork, Pa... Lincoln Hospital, Washington Kcmoiint Camp, Pleasant Valley, Md Det. Battery K, Springlield, Tenn Det. at Louisville, Ky Det. at Nashville, Tenn Detroit Barracks Det. at camp 11th Infantrv, Chattanooga, Tenn. Draft Rendezvous, Jackson, Michigan Merrill Horse I"2<1 U. S. Colored, at Port lioyal Det. Cavalry, at Martinslmrg, Va Det. Cavalry, at Winchester, Va I>et. 10th Cavalry, IJarboiirsville, Ky 1 8-i MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The result for Presidential electors was as follows: KEPUBLICAN. Robert E. Beecher 9,402 Thomas D. Gilbert 9,402 Frederick Waldorf 9,402 Marsh Giddings 9,402 Christian Eberbach 9,402 Perry Hannah 9,402 OmarD. Conger 9,402 George W. Pack 9,402 DEMOCBATIC. Samuel T. Douglas 2,959 Rix Robinson 2,959 Henry Hart.. ...2,959 Royal T. Twombly 2,920 D. Darwin Hughes 2,959 John Lewis. 2, 959 Michael E. Crofoot 2,942 Richard Edwards 2,935 The number of imperfect votes was 47. The vote for Governor was — Henry H. Crapo, Republican, 9,612, and Wil- liam M. Feuton, Democrat, 3,992. The infantry regiments which did not vote were the 10th, 11th, ^.Sth, 14th, and 2)st; of the cavalry, the 1st, 4th, 6th; and 9th; and of the light artillery, battery G. RECEPTION OF TROOPS. In June, 1865, iinticipating the early return of troops from the field, a meet- ing of citizens was held in Detroit, when measures were taken to arrange for a proper reception at that place of the returning regiments, and to provide such refreshments as they might stand in need of. With this iu view, the following committees were selected and appointed : Commiilee of Reception. — Ladies — Mesdames Brent, T. K. Adams, Silas Holmes, Walter Ingersoll, John Palmer, J. S. Farrand, L. B. Willard, Jabez Holmes, L. S. Trowbridge, Slocum, and A. C. McGraw. Gentlemen — Rev. George Taylor, Messrs. J. W. Farrell, Ed. Wetmore, W. S. Peufield, F. Wet- more, T. K. Adams, George W. Hudson, Jabez Holmes, E. U. Walker, Geo. Sheley, and H. M. Wright. Coniuiiitee of Finance. — Messrs. E. B. Ward, David Preston, C. H. Bulil, John Owen, C. C. Trowbridge, K N. Rice, M^rk Flanigan, W. K. Muir, Ed- mund Trowbridge, and Ira Davis. Mr. H. R. Johnson was selected as purveyor and superintendent of tables, performing much service, receiving the approval of all, and with a kindly heart contributed largely to the comforts of the soldier by his untiring care and attention. The services of these committees were gratuitous, involving much labor, both early and late. They were aided in their attentive services by a number of ladies and gentlemen who gave their attendance at the tables, while the citizens generally contributed liberally, rendering the object an entire success. From June 4th, lb'65, down to June 10th, J866, 19,510 Michigan and 3,506 Wiscon- sin troops were hospitably received and substantially entertained. With his accustomed liberality and kindness, coupled with his pronounced loyalty to the cause ni which the soldier fought, R. N. Rice, Esq., then Super- intendent of the Michigan Central, permitted the committees to use the large u[)per story of the freiglit house, whii-h was fitted up as a dining hall, and ap- propriately decorated, and capable of seating over two thousand. The Rev. Geo. Taylor, of the Methodist Episcopal church, formerly Chaplain of the bth Michigan Infantry and then an agent of the Christian Commission, having been permitted by that association to devote his entire time to the returning troops, was most attentive, invariably present on their arrival, ever ready with many kind words and a warm and enthusiastic welcome, which the men uf Michigan as well as many nf Wisconsin will long renjember. S6 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Through the liberality of the people of Jacksoii, then a rendezvous Id: returned troops, like arrangements were made, and during the time before- mentioned over 10,659 Michigan soldiers received kindly attention and boun- tiful entertainment on their arrival there. The ladies were, as usual, numer- ously represented, prominent among whom was Mrs. Governor Blair, as she always was when the interest or comfort of the soldier was involved. The steamer Morning Star, Captain E. R. Viger, with the City of Cleveland, 'Captain Wm. McKay, then composed the "Cleveland Line" from that point to Detroit, controlled by the Hon. John Owen. Tliese splendid steamers carried nearly all the troops arriving in Detroit, strongly identifying them with the history of Michigan troops, and many thousands of them now look back, with grateful memory, especially the sick and wounded, when longing for home and friends, dusty and weary, they were so kindly received and so- humanely treated by the manly officers of these steamers, and they will never forget how their steps were made light and their hearts gladdened as their eyes first glanced on the blue waters of Lake Erie, and those steamers that were to bear them so near their homes which they so much longed to reach. As a general thing the western troops, especially the sick and wounded, oa passing through cities, towns, and villages, on their way from the field, received, during the entire war, a most cordial and generous reception, and especially so at Pittsburg, Penn., where a continuously open house, night and day, was kept, in which the tables were loaded with bounteous repasts, while the fair daughters of Pennsylvania were the waiting maids. "They shall have their reward." On this subject it may not be out of place to notice the kindly treatment of ladies of Nashville, Tenn., extended to the wounded brigade in passing through, that place after the battle of Chickamauga as described by Benjamin F. Tay- lor, the noble-hearted correspondent and eloquent writer, whose " War Pen. Pictures" stand unequaled in the writings on the war. "It is midnight, and the attendants are going through the train with coffee, graced with milk and sugar — think of that ! Two fresh, white, crisp crackers- apiece and a little taste of fruit. Did your hands prepare it, dear lady? 1 hope so, for the little balance in your favor set down m the ledger of God. "But here they come with a canteen. Will you go with them? Climb through that window into a car as black as the 'Hole of Calcutta;' but mind where you step; the floor is one layer deep with wounded soldiers. As you swing the lantern round bandages show white and ghastly everywhere. Ban- dages, bandages, and now and then a rusty spot of blood. What worn out faded faces look at you. They rouse like wounded creatures hunted down to their lairs as you come. The tin cups, extended in all sorts of hands but plump, strong ones, tinkle all around you; you are fairly girdled with a tin cup horizon. How the dull, pale faces brighten as thoi^e cups are filled. On we go, out at one window, in at another, stepping gingerly among wounded limbs,*' PRESENTATION OF COLORS. "When the war had ended, the regiments returning delivered to the State their Colors, not one dishonored, neither blot nor stain on their escntcheou, but all distinguished and glorious, bearing record of many battles. A prophecy was generally advanced early in the war, and even up to its close, that idleness, debauchery, and crime would characterize the release from mil- itary restraint, and the return to the State of so many men who had been exposed to a service, judging from the results in other armies, likely to engen- der irregular, improvident, and dissolute habits, leading to a lawless course of conduct, tending to the most deplorable consequences. Alas for the prophets I their sayings were but the idle babblings of the most distrustful of humanity. By over fifteen years of experience since their return their theory has been completely refuted by a practice of houesty, virtue and thrift, most commendable, comparing favorably with our citizens generally, while many of them have filled the highest places in the administration of the State, and in the ordinary avocations in life. General Order No. 94, issued by the War Department, May 15th, 1865, directed that the volunteer regiments, returning to their respective States for fisal discharge, should deposit tiie regimental colors with the Chief Mustering Officer, to be held by him subject to the order of the Adjutant General of the army. Under date of June 13th, 1865, the War DciJurttnent authorized the Cliief Musteri))g Officer of this State, to turn over to the Governor, at his request, all the regimental colors of Michigan regiments then in his charge, or that might thereafter come into his possession under the provisions of the order referred to. Extract from the letter of Major John H. Knight, U. S. Army, accompa- nying the delivery of the flags: "OFFICE Cjiief Mustering Ofi-iceu, ] ''Detroit, Mick., June 19/h, 1866. \ " Bricjadier Oeneral John Robertson, Adjutant General Stale of Micliifjan. Detrui.i, Mich.: " General — All the regiments sent from the State of Michigan to put down tlie rebellion of the Southern States, having now been n)ustered out of 88 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. service, paid off, and disbanded, the time has arrived when I should, in com- pliance with orders from the War Dei)artment, deliver to the Governor of the State, the flags turned over to me by the officers of the disbanded regiments. " I have the honor this day to deliver to you (you being at the head of the State Military Bureau, and its chief oflBcer), all of them in my possession. "Please find a list of the flags enclosed. In turning them over to you I am sensibly reminded that they are the flags under which so many brave and suc- cessful deeds have been performed — so many valuable lives given up in the cause of the Union and republican liberty, and such beneficial results obtained. ********** "By depositing these flags in the archives of each State, the authorities of the Government have placed therein a monument in memory of its glories which will be most cherished, and whenever beheld by the people will far sur- pass, in the feeling of veneration which they will call forth, all the pilhirs of marble or granite which human genius could build. It will be remembered that they have passed through the scenes of strife, and that they have been carried by the hands of tlie brave men themselves, who fought and died for our national liberties; it will be seen that on them is inscribed the names of the battles passed through, where the fate of liberty was staked and decided ; and with what feelings of reverence will these strips of bunting be looked upon by the father, mother, brother, or sister, whose son or brother marched to victory or glorious death under their folds. Whilst all patriots on viewing these battle flags will remember and mourn the loss of life and regret the vast expenditures which have been made to preserve our liberties, yet all will rejoice over the glorious results which have been achieved. " Permit me to congratulate, through you, the people of Michigan, for the brilliant and conspicuous part performed by Michigan regiments in the late war for the Union. I believe there is no blot upon their record, but all is bright, conspicuous, and glorious, whilst an extraordinary number of personal distinctions shine upon the pages." Next of interest to the men who upheld and defended them in the field, aie the colors themselves. They are, aside from that, indelibly stamped on tlie hearts of the people, the most forcible mementoes of the gallant regiments that so heroically stood by them and the country, even in the darkest days of the war. They were as little specks in the long lines of the great American armies, yet they were often watched in the advancing columns with intense anxiety, but with strong confidence and hope by the greatest generals of the land. To bear them aloft was a signal for rebel bullets, often bringing swift and certain death, but they were never trailed in the dust nor lacked a gallant bearer. On the Fourth of July, 1866, those colors were formally presented in Detroit, through the Governor, to the State, and were deposited in its archives to be sacredly kept and carefully preserved. The setting apart of the National birthday for the purpose was most appro- priate. Its hallowed memories reminded the people of the gallant struggle of their forefathers in establishing the Government, in the maintenance of which 60 many present had followed their flags to glorious victory. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 89 The congregated enihleuis of National and State prowess, and of regimental bravery and fraternal associations there jtresented, revived in the mind of every soldier recollections of great and gallant deeds, of days and nights fraught with anxiety, doubt, danger, and death, of sacrifices to patriotism, of hair-breadth escapes, of attacks, of lepulses, of sad defeats, of glorious victories, of long and weary inarches, of hunger, thirst, and cold, and of sorrow and sadness for fallen comrades; but. all looked upon them with reverential pride, and recog- nized them as having been their guiding star in many brilliant but sanguinary conflicts, having followed them iu the victorious charge of the assaulting col- umn, and from tliem received silent directions when all orders were lost in the din and confusion of contending armies, and under their tattered but glorious stars and stripes, battled long and bravely for the right. A cordial invitation having been extended by the Governor to all who hud served in the war, and for the purpose of honoring the day, and especially the occasion, as well as giving the people of the State an opportunity to witness the emblems of State prowess, and of patriotism, bravery, and gallant services, a procession was arranged and carried into effect. The procession wa- under the direction of General James E. Pittman, who at the time was Inspector General of the State, and who was selected and appointed by the Governor as Chief Marshal of the day. For the presentation of the colors in behalf of the regiments, Major General 0. B. Willcox was in like manner chosen, being the first Colonel who left the State for the field with a Michigan regimeni. The returned troops were commauded by Brevet Brigadier General William / L. Stoughton, the ranking Colonel then iu the State, amongst those who be- longed to their regiments at the time of the muster out of their respective organizations. The divisions were organized as follows, and the regiments took position in them iu the following order: FIRST DIVISION — liKEVET MAJ. GEN. E. H. Q. MINTT, COMMANDING. Ist Regiment Engineers and Mechanics. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, Tth, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th Regiments Cavalry. Companies H, I, and L, Merrill Horse. 1st Regiment J.ight Artillery— Batteries A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, and 13th and 14tli Batteries Light Artillery. 1st Regiment Sharp-Sliooters. Companies C, I, and K, Ist U. S. Sharp-Shooters. C<)m|)any B, 2d U. S. Sliarp-Shooters. Michigan Companies that served as such in regiments of other States. Soldiers belonging to this State who served in regiments of other States, not in Michigan companies. Michigan soldiers and sailors who served iu the regular army and navy. 12 90 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. SECOND DIVISION — BREVET MAJ. GEN. H. A. MORROW, COMMANDING. 1st (3 months), 1st (3 years), 2cl, 3d, 3d (reorganized), 4th, 4th (reorgan- ized), 5th, 6th (Heavy Artillery), 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Regiments Infantry. THIRD DIVISION — BREVET BRIG. GEN. O. L. SPAULDING, COMMANDING. 11th, 11th (reorganized), 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19ili and 20th Regiments Infantry. FOURTH DIVISION — BREVET BRIG. GEN. HEBER LE FAVOUR, COMMANDING. 21st, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th Regiments Infantry; 1st Regiment (102d U. S.) Michigan Colored Troops. " I saw the soldiers come to-day From battle-fields afar; No conqueror rode before their way On his triumphal car; But Captains, lilie themselves, on foot, And banners sadly torn, All grandly eloquent, though mute, In pride and glory borne." These divisions, conipoped of the veterans of the respective regiments, car- rving their old colors, [)rffeeiited ihe finest appeai'iince nossible. It was remark- able with what pride each color-bearer held aloft the l)anner under which lie had served, and with what elasticity of step and ciect bearing the whole marched to the strains of the martial music, to which they had been so long accustomed. The State autliorities were cheerfully aided and liberally sustained by the citizens of Detroit, and the affair was honored by a magnificent celebration, and participated in by the most numerous assembly of people from all parts of the State ever congregated within its borders. The invitation extended by the Governor to the soldiers was well responded to, and they rallied in great numbers under their old banners as in times past, presenting them to the State, as follows: Fust Infantry (3 months), one; 1st Infantry (3 years), seven; 2d Infantry two; 3d Infantry (reorganized), two; 4th Infantry (reorganized), one; oui Infantry, five; 6th Heavy Artillery, two; 7th Infantry, one; 8th Infantry, four; yth Infantry, three; 10th Infantry, two; 11th Infanti'y, one; 11th Infantry (reorganized), two; 12th Infantry, four ; 13th Infantr}', four; 14th Infantry, four; 15th Infantry, four; IGth Infantry, four; 17th Infantry, four; ISLh Infantry, two; 19th Infantry, one; 20th Infantry, two; 21st Infantry, four; 22d Infantry, two; 23d Infantry, two; 24th Infantry, seven; 25th Infantry, two; 26th Infantry, five; 27th Infantry, five; 28tli Infantry, two; 29th Infantry, two; 30th Infantry, two ; 1st Engineers and Mechanics,, four; Ist Sharp-Shooters, one; 1st Cavalr\', two; 3d Cavalry, one; 4th Cav- MICHIGAN IN THE W.VK. 91 airy, one; 5th Cavalry, one; 6th Cavalry, one; 7th Cavalry, three; 8th Cavalry, one; 9th Cavalry, one; ]Oth Cavalry, one; 11th Cavalry, one; Bat- tery B, one; Battery E, one; Battery F, one; Battery H, two; Battery I, one; Battery K, two; 14lh Battery, one; 1st Colored Infantry (102d U. S.), three. These flagrs bear the National and State emblems, and are the cherished an.l venerated mementoes of great public services rendered by the soldiers of the State to the Republic, and of regimental bravery. Around them will cluster hallowed memories of State pride, of National grandeur and prowess, of individual heroism and patriotism, of fallen com- rades, and family bereavements. *' Those banners soiled with dust and smoke, And rent by shot and shell, That through the serried phalanx broke, What terrors could they tell! What tales of sudden pain and death — In every cannon's boom — When e'en the bravest held his breath, And waited for his doom." At the close of the procession, which was one of the finest and most interest- ing displays ever witnessed iu Michigan, the veterans were masted ih tiontof the speaker's stand on the Campus Martius, and delivered their flags to the Governor, when, after a prayer by Bishop S. A. McCoskiy, appropriate ad- dresses were made, from which the following extracts are taken : WLCOMING ADDRESS OF MAYOR M. I. MILLS. "You have peimitted no rebel hand to tear them from your grasp, and bear thum trophies to tlie foes of our Union. But, with Spartan fidelity, true to the trust confided, you have returned them home again, now to be placed in the archives of the State, there to remain mournful relics and mementoes of oui- cruel and bloody strife, a warning to all; and we have yet to learn that our State, or a single Michigan flag, has ever been dishonored upon a battle fieUl. You have now forsaken the tented field for the peaceful pursuits of citizen life. Yoa now rest from yotir dangers and your toils. You have the proud consciousness of knowing that you are among the defenders and preservers of our Union. You have tlie satisfaction of again seeing the old flag, the flag of onr fathers, wave defiantly and triumphantly over every foot of our National domain. Your prowess and your victories have rejoiced every patriot heart in the land. A Nation's gratitude is yours. The orphans of your brave com- lades are entitled to your paternal care. They must be ranked as children of the State. Amid our happiness and our rejoicings upon this glorious anni- versary of our country we cannot forget that our countrymen — our erring and misguided countrymen of the South — are still smarting under the blows that justice and patriotism compelled you to inflict. Shall we not show to the peni- tent that we are as magnanimous in peace as we have been irresistible in war? Shall we not imitate the examples of your most illustrious generals, Grant and 92 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Sherman, that brave men do not trample upon a fallen foe? Shall we ignore the meek and lowly, teachings of Him who died upon the cross ! God forbid 1" PRESENTATION ADDRESS OF GENERAL O. B. WILLCOX. "Of all these flags there is scarcely one which has not waved in the thickest of the fight; scarcely a color which has not seen its heroic bearers one after another struck down in battle. Ah, yes! many a hand that vigorously grasped these flagstaffs and led the van now lies crumbling in the grave; and not color- bearers alone, but nearly 15,000 others who fought beside them — the flower of Michigan — return not to receive your thanks and the plaudits of their grateful countrymen. They walk the earth no more in the flesh, but their fame sur- vives, and their glorified foims bend above us now and, with hands unseen, deck these colors with invisible garlands. While we have souls to remember, let their memories be cherished. Let a monument be erected to them — at once worthy of their deeds and worthy of the State; let their widows and or[)haiis be cared for; and never let us forget the cause for which they fell ; a war not for ambition, not for a dynasty or a party — no, let party spirit be hushed in their majestic presence — not to establish or defend a throne, neither for spoils, oppression, nor any otiier unworthy object, but simply for the Union, and as soon as may be, let the ancient foundations of the Constitution be restored with only the crumbling stone of slavery left out, and with liberty guaranteed to ail. " I have seen the finger of Providence through the thick smoke of battle, and now that the dark curtain is lifted, and the sun of victory breaks through in meridian splendor, I liave more confidence than ever in our destiny. We thank God that we have returned to our homes victorious. If you, tlie Gover- nor and the people of Michigan, are satisfied with the manner in which we luive performed our part, we are grateful for your applause. We have tried to do our duty, and we have done no more than that duty which every citizen owes to a free and fraternal government, and in the peaceful walks of civii life we shall endeavor to set an example of peace, moderation, and submission to the laws. It only now remains for me, in the name of the Michigan soldiers, to surrender to the State these flags, tattered but not stained, emhlfinsof a war that is past. We shall ever retain our pride in their glorious associations, us well as our love for tlie old Peninsular St.ite." RECEPTION SPEECH OF GOVERNOR HENRY H. CRAPO. "I receive, in belialf of the people of Michigan, these honorable memorials of your valor and the Nation's glory; and on their part, I once more thank you for the noble services you have rendered in defending and preserving tlie life of the Nation, at the hazard of your own, and at the sacrilice of so many of your Comrades. I may venture to give you the assurance that you have the unbounded gratitude and love of your fellow-citizens; and that between you and them the glory of these defaced old flags will ever be a subject of inspiia- , tion — a common bond of affection. To you they represent a nationality which { you have periled your lives to maintain; and are emblematic of a liberty which your strong arms and stout hearts have helped to win. To us they are our MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 93 fathers' flags — the ensigns of all the worthy dead — 3-our comrades, our rela- tives and friends — who for their preservation have given their blood to enrich the battle-fields, and their agonies to hallow the prison pens of a demoniac enemy. Tiiey are your flags and oars. How rich the treasure ! They will not be forgotten and their histories be left unwritten. "Their stories will be as household words; and the minds of those who come after us will dwell upon the thoughts of manly endeavor, of staunch endurance, of illustrious achievements, which their silent eloquence will ever suggest. They will ever typify the grand results accomplished by the loval men of the Nation in this great rebellion; and should the flame of patriotism ever wane upon our altar-stone, the halo from these mementoes will kindle again the ancient fire that electrified the world. " Jjet us, then, tenderly deposit them, as sacred relics, in the archives of our State, there to stand foiever, her proudest possession — a revered incentive to liberty and patriotism, and a constant rebuke and terror to oppression and treason." The ceremonv concluded with a benediction by the Kev. Dr. George DutKeld, when the veterans marched to the depot of the Michigan Central Railroad, where they partook of a substantial repast, prepared for them by the citizens, and where they were waited upon at tables by ladies and gentlemen of the city. Those old flags, fluttering proudly in the breeze, bearing the mark of many bullets, and the record of many battles, under which friends had fou"-ht and loved ones fallen, strengthened the people in their love of country, and made them firmer in their faith of the lasting union of the Kepublie. They were gladdened in heart at the presence of the veterans of the army of Michit^an. Yet, alas ! their joy was mixed with sorrow. Fourteen thousand and over of that army had joined the "legion of the dead;" they had fallen under the flag on many battle fields. Most of them, in a spirit of humanity and vene- ration, have been gathered by kindly hands into the beautiful cemeteries, pro- vided by a beneficent Government, and now sleep in their windowless palaces of rest, where they will lie in peace until the last reveille; but some of them yet lie where their comrades left them, by the way-sides, on the sunny brows of many hills, in the dense forests, in the valleys, and under the orange and palm trees, on the banks of rivers, under the deep, dark waters, and on the sea beach, where the restless waves forever chant their requiem. But they lie under the flag tliey defended and made stainless, and in the laud they saved and made free. " Thank God! there beams o'er land and sea, Our blazing: star of victory; And everywhere, from main to main, The ' Old Flag ' flies aud rules again. " THE FLAGS OF MICHIGAN. The flags of Michigan having borne a conspicuous part in the war of the rebellion, their origin and description will not be out of place here. The flags are complex in the emblematical composite, one of them being the National standard of the Union, the stars and stripes; the other composed in part of what is recognized as the Arms of the United States and the Arms of Michigan. From the earliest periods, flags and banners have been adopted and employed to designate nations, commonwealths, associations, clans, and families, as well as orders of nobility, one fiom another, by various colors, forms, symbols, and mottoes, and their composite has been as diversified as their use has been uni- versal. As emblems, they are revered and loved by the people in all countries, and exert a powerful influence in upholding unity and strength in nations and States, as well as in lesser compacts and associations. In politics, they designate the vaiious parties, and have much significance in processions, and other public gatherings, at the same time constituting a very interesting part of the display. They form a portion of the equipment of all armies and navies, and although in peace tliey are usually erroneously regarded as merely for (lis[)lay, yet in war they assun)e an importance and value which can only be fully appreciated by those who follow and fight under them. They of ten prove a more powerful incentive than the truest valor, and in the smoke and din of battle, when com- mands are silenced, and tactics and strategy fail, are the guiding stais, often leading armies on to glorious victory. In our own country, the love and reverence for the old flag were powerful incitements to patriotic action in the recent war, often leading those in the field to follow it to deeds of heroism not surpassed in any other war. while it aided much in strengthening and uniting the people in the determination to maintain the unity of the republic. It is claimed as being well settled, that so far as recorded, the earliest flags planted on North Ameiiean shoies were those of England, and that with changing devices, various symbols and mottoes, they were continued through the provincial and colonial times, in the Anglo Saxon settlements, until the MICHIGAN lA w.ii: WAR. 96 raisina: of the great union banner at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on January 2d, 1776. This contained the thirteen stripes of alternate red and white, as an emblem of the union of the thirteen colonies against the oppressive acts of Gieat Britain, but still retaining the blended crosses of Saint George and Saint Andrew. Soon after this, however, they were erased and a canopy of stars on a blue tield substituted, theieby adding beauty and meaning to the fact that the last semblance of loyalty to England was to be renounced, an entire sepa- ration of the colonies from Great Britain effected, and the advent of a new power, which had by declaration a sliort time previous, proclaimed a free and indei)endent state, to be known as the United States of America. Symbolic ensigns, standards, and banners enter into the heraldry of all nations, but differ much in design ; some have birds and fishes, some beasts, and others trees, while many have various other devices, and each with some adopted significance. The " stars and stripes" were chosen for America. Opinions vary as to their meaning. Some say that the red is emblematic of the blood shed for our country by the forefathers, that the blue tells of the heavens, and their pro- tection, while the stars represent the several States as one nationality. The designating stripes on the coats of the Continental soldiers are said to have furnished the idea of the stripes, and some have supposed that they were borrowed from the J)utch, while others have believed that both stars and 8tri])es were suggested by the arms of Washington, which singularly contain both. The designer of this union of stars is unfortunately unknown, but the elo- quent and chaste significance applied to them is sublime. A new constellation, speaking of union, perpetuity, justice, equality, subordination, courage, and purity, with a covenant against oppression and in fijvor of liberty. " For the hand that has woven those colors of light, And sent it aflame thro' the World's every zone, That has led, and has kept it thro' storm and thro' night, Is the hand that has blest us, sweet Liberty's own!" The star in the American banner, having only five jjoints, seems to have been taken from either the heraldry of France, Germany or Holland, while that on our coin follows that of England, having six jioints. On the 14th of June, 1777, the American Congress ^'Resolved, that the fiag of the thineen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white;* that the Union be thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a new constellation." This is the first and only legislative action, of which there is any record, for the establishment of a National Flag for the sovereign United States of America, declared independent July 4th, 177G, and proclaims the official birth of a new constellation as the symbol of their union. This dilatory resolve of Congress, it will be observed, was not i)a£sed until eighteen months after the 9(3 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Union Flag raising at Cambridge, and the sailing of the first American fleet from Philadelphia, under colonial colors, nearly a year after the declaration of the entire separation of the colonies from Great Britain. ^ After a number of additional States had been admitted to the Union, a resolution was offered in Congress apjiointing a committee to enquire into the exi)ediency of altering the flag of the United States. This committee reported a bill on the 2d of January, 1817, but it was not acted upon. On the reassenj- bling of Congress, on the 16th of December following, the resolution was renewed, and on the 6th of January, 1818, a committee reported the following law, which was enacted and approved April 4th, 1818: ** AN ACT to establish the Flag of the United States. " Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., that from and after the 4th day of July next, the flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; that the union have twenty stars, white, on a blue field. "Sec. '4. And be it further enacted, that on the admission of every new State into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag; and that such addition shall take effect on the 4th of July next succeeding such admission." The flag, it is claimed, was designed by Captain S. C. Reid, for which he received a vote of thanks from Congress in 1859. He had been the com- mander of a privateer, known as the "General Armstrong," and had defended her with much gallantry while being attacked by a British squadron of boats in Fayal Koads. He died in 1861, a Master in the United States Navy. The first flag is said to have been made at New York, by Mrs. S. C. Reed, under the direction of her husband, and to have been hoisted on the House of Representatives on the 13th of April, 1818, although the act establishing it was not to take effect until the 4th of July following. It is also claimed tlmt Mrs. John Ross was the first maker and partial designer of the Stars and Stripes; that the house where the flag was niade is still standing, being 239 Arch street, Philadelphia; that she was visited by (jeneral Washington and a committee of Congress in June, 1770, who engaged her to make the flag, from a rough drawing, and which, according to her sug- gestions, was re-drawn by General Washington in pencil, changing the forma- tion of the stars from six-cornered to five-cornered. It is said that a standard was presented to the Philadelphia troop of Light Horse, by Captain Abraham Markoe, in 1774-5, and is still displayed at their aniiivi'rriiiiy dinneis, and wliich is generally believed to be the first instance of the thirteen stripes being used upon an American flag. Captani Niciiolus Johnson, of Newburyport, master of the ship Count de Grasse, is repoi ted to have lirst displayed the stars and stripes as the American ensign on the river Thames, Connecticut; but the honor has since been claimed in behalf of a barque named the Maria, afterwards engaged in the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 97 whaling trade, and which was still in use in 1856, having returned to Now Bed- ford, Massachusetts, in that year, undoubtedly the oldest vessel in America. Paul Jones is accredited with being the man to first raise them as the flag of America on a naval vessel named The Alfred, and in 1777 to have received the first salute for it in European waters,' although opinions are advanced that the ship Bedford, of Nantucket, Captain Wni. Mooers, should have the honor of first displaying the flag in a British port. After signing the Declaration of Independence, on the 4th of July, 1776, The Continental Congress, before adjourning on that day, appointed Dr. Frank- lin, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Jefferson as a committee to prepare a device for a seal of the United States. On August the ^Oth, following, they made a report, which was laid on the table. In the Congress of the Confederation, on the 20th of June, 1782, the follow- ing "device for an armorial achievement, and reverse of the great seal for the United States in Congress assembled," was adopted. Arms: "Palewaysof thirteen pieces, argent and gules; a chief, azure; the escutcheon on the breast of the American eagle displayed proper, holding in his dexter talon an olive branch; and in his sinister a bundle of thirteen arrows, all proper, and in his beak a scroll inscribed with this motto: ' U pluribus tamm.' " For the Crest: " Over the head of the eagle, which appears above the escutch- eon, a glory, or breaking through a cloud, proper, and surrounding thirteen stars, forming a constellation, argent, on an azure field." Reverse: "A pyramid unfinished. In the zenith, an eye in a triangle sur- rounded with glory, proper. Over the eye these words: 'Anuit ccepliti.' On the base of the pyramid the numerical letters, 'MDCCLXXVI;' and under- neath the following motto: ' JS'ouiu^ ordo seclonwi.' " In September, 1789, an act was passed and approved which included, "That the seal heretofore used by the United States in Congress assembled shall be, and hereby is, declared to be the seal of the United States." The arms are inscribed on what is used by the United States troops as the regimental or battalion color, made either of blue, yellow, or scarlet silk, designating the different arms of service, and are carried with the National flag, constituting the colors of a regiment. The principal figure on the arms is the "National emblem," — the bald or white-lieaded eagle, one of the largest of his species, as he is the nn)St beautiful of his tribe, while he is sai(i to renew his age, and to exceed man in his length of days.* As a bearing in a coat of armor, he is reckoned as honorable among birds, as the lion is among beasts, although Dr. Franklin is said to have protested against adopting him as the emblem of America, saying: "For my part, I •One of them is said to have died at Vienna after being in confinement for one tiundred and four years. J3 96 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. wish the bald eagle had uot been chosen as the representative of our country. He is a bird of bad moral character; he does not get his living honestly." Notwithstanding this objection by Dr. Franklin, the eagle has always con- stituted a prominent feature in the heraldry of nations, and was at an early day made the imperial standard of the Romnns, and from his aspiring flight and majestic soaring was fabled to hold couimunion with heaven, and to be the favorite messenger of Jove. The Tartars have a particular esteem for the feathers of his tail, with which they superstitiously think to plume invincible arrows. He is the venerated *' great war eagle" of the northern and western abor- igines, and his caudal feathers are extremely valued for talismanic head- dresses, and as sacred decorations for the " pipe of peace." In the mode of getting his living, which nature gave him, and for which he cannot be held responsible, his moral character does not suffer much, in comparison with that of the lion, the cherished emblem of a people, whose taste in such a choice their American descendants, to some extent, may be excusable in following. A beautiful idea is conveyed with regard to the American fltig in the remarks of a little boy, whose parents resided near Bardstovvn, Kentucky, when a Michigan regiment was stationed there. Although very young, a mere child, really, he had learned the difference in the appearance of Union and Con- federate soldiers, having seen both, and he had also taken notice of the coloi-s that composed the flags of both. One morning, discovering a beautiful rain- bow arching the heavens, suspended as it were from the sky, he hurried to his nioiher exclaiming, with great earnestness, pointing upwards with both his little hands, "Mother! mother! Oh, mother! God is a Union man." His mother questioned him as to his reasons for thinking so. He replied, wiiile a glow of delight flashed on his countenance, his little eyes beaming with bright- ness, "I know He is a Union man, mother, for I have seen His flag in heaven, and it is red, white, and blue." At the Falls of St. Mary's, in 1(571, representatives of the Indian tribi s from the St. Lawience, the Mississippi, the Lakes, and even the Ki'd River, met in convention, ai:d veteran oflicers from the armies of France, intermingled liere and there with a Jesuit missionary, a ci'of^s having been raised, and also a cedar post, on which the French lilies were inscribed, intended as a substitute for a flag, — the tiist symbol of government established on Michigan territory. The representatives of the savage hordes were then informed that they were under the protection of the French king, and the lauds were formally taken posses- sion of by M. de Lusson, on behalf of his government. While a detachment of English troops was advancing to occupy the fort at Detroit under the capitulation of 1760, a very singular symbol was made use of by the French ollicer in charge. Being indisposed to give up possession, he determined on resistance, and with this in view he collected a body of Indians MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 99 to assist him. Being aware that the Indians were liable to be strongly influ- enced by symbols, he erected a pole, placing tliereon the image of a man's head, and on this he pi;t a crow, telling the Indians that the head represented the English, and the crow himself, meaning that the French would scratch out the brains of the English. They did not believe him, however, but were of the opinion that the reverse would be the case. Wiien the French officer gave up the fort the Indians loudly shouted in derision, and rejoiced that their prophecy had been verified. It has been well established that no part of the United States has been under so many national standards as Michigan, having been governed by three differ- ent sovereignties, and five times its flag has been changed. It was under the flag of France from 1622 until 1760; that of England from 1760 until ]796. In that year the stars and stripes were raised at Detroit, by Captain Porter, with a detachment of General Wayne's army, the first American flag that ever floated over Michigan. In the surrender of Hull at Detroit, in 1812, the standard of Great Britain was again established. In 1813, the victory of Com- modore Perry on Lake Erie resulted in restoring Michigan to the union, and the star spangled banner floated once more on her shores and lakes. It appears that, on the 22d of February, 1837, Stevens T. Mason, first Gov- ernor of Michigan, presented to the ''Brady Guard" of Detroit, then in com- mand of Captain Isaac S. Eowland, a flag, now in possession of the State, having on one side the devices and inscriptions on the seal of the State, with a Brady Guard and lady, and on the reverse his own portrait. This was without doubt the first flag bearing the State coat of arms, and was carried by the first uniformed conij^any of militia in the State, having been organized April 13th, 1836, and was called into the service of the United States in the winter of 1837, as a frontier guard, during what is known as the " Patriot war," a very feeble and limited attempt at a Canadian revolution. From that time forth, numerous flags and banners had been in use, on wliich were placed the State arms, with various designs and emblems, but not until 1865 had there been adopted an ofiicial flag of the State. This flag, a combi- nation of the State and National arms, recommended by Jolin Robertson, Adjutant General, approved by Governor Henry II. Crapo, by whose order it was made in Philadelphia in June of that year, was first unfurletl on the (»cca- sion of the laying of the corner-stone of the monument of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg, on the Fourth of July, 1805. It is now the recognized standard of Michigan, and is carried by the State regiments, side by side with the Stars and Stripes. The flag is made up on one side of the State arms, on a blue field, with the appropriate and truthful inscription : "Si (lucens pciiinfiulam aviceaaia circum- spice," — "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you," — a proud proclamation and implied challenge, and with the signifiecnt motto on the shield, ^' Tuebor," — "I will defend," — a gallant declaration, ha))pily con- 100 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. ceived, as an honest pledge, to guard and defend our border State, faithfully kept. On the reverse side, the arms of the United States, with the niotto^ ^' E Pluinbus Unum." ^ There does not appear to have been any translation of the Latin inscriptions in the description of the seal recorded at the time it was presented to the Con- stitutional Convention adopting it, nor afterwards; at least no record of it can be found, yet members of that convention who have been questioned agree a& to the foregoing being the accepted rendering at the time of its adoption, and some of the very best authorities who have been personally consulted give the same translation. It is therefore deemed to be correct. The design given in the following official description, as taken from the journal of the Constitutional Convention, will of course be accepted as correct v Dethoit, June 24th, 1835. To the Secretary of the Territory of Michigan : In conformity with the following clause in the Constitution, adopted by the convention now in session, I transmit you the within description and accom- panying device for deposit in your office, hereby certifying that they are the papers to which reference is made in said clause, viz. : "A great seal for the State shall be provided by the Governor, which shall contain the device and inscriptions represented and described in tlie paiiers relating thereto, signed by the President of the Convention and deposited in the office of the Secretary of the Territory." JOHN BIDDLP]. President of the Convtukun. DESCEIPTION OF THE GREAT SEAL OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. A shield shall be represented on which shall be exibited a peninsula extend- ing into a lake, with the sun rising, and a man standing on the peninsula, with a gun in his hand. On the top of the sliield will be the word Tuelor, and underneath, in a scroll, will be the words Si quceris peninsulavi amcenam circuvispice. There will be a supporter on each side of the shield, one of which will rep- resent a moose, and the other an elk. Over the whole, as a crest will be the eagle of the United States, with the motto, ^' E Pluribus Unuiny Around will be the words, Great seal of the State of Micliigan, A. D. MDCCCXXXV. The American moose, or moose deer — the elk of Europe — is the largest of the deer kind, being taller than the horse. It is called by the Indians the Wampooee. The body is round, very compact, and short; the head narrow and clumsily shaped, and about two feet long; laige, protruciing lips; tlie eye small; ears long; the neck and withers covered with a heavy, coarse maae; MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 101 tail not more than four inches in length ; the legs, though very long, are remarkably ck-an and firm. Tlie whole body, weighing from seven to twelve hundred pounds, is covered with hair of u grayish brown, coaise and angular, breaking if bent. lis movements are rather heavy; it does not gallop, but «liuIlk'S or ambles along, its joints cracking at every step, with a sound heard at some distance. It might seem from this description that the moose was an uncouth and unsightly animal, yet when seen dashing through its native forests it is said to produce on the mind of the beholder a feeling of beauty and sublimity. It is chiefly distinguished for its wide-spreading palmated horns, entirely webbed, like the foot of a duck. They are of great size, being two or three feet long, and sometimes four or five in the largest, weighing fifty or sixty pounds. They are shed annually in November. It feeds the same as the common deer, and in winter subsists on buds and barks of trees, and eats mosses dug from under the snow. It is long-lived, ;:ud does not attain full gmwth until fourteen years of age. It was formerly common in all Northern Euiope and Asia, but is now rarely met with, and only in the extreme northern regions. When the United States were first settled by the whites it was found from the Carolinas to the polar regions ; it is never seen now except in northern latitudes. It was believed by the ancients to graze walking back- wards, and to have frequent attacks of epilepsy, and on that account was called by the Teutonic name of Eland — viiserahU. It had the reputation, especially of the fore hoofs, as a specific against disease, and as a remedy for its own disorder it was said to be obliged to smell its hoof before it could recover. "The elk of America, the Wapiti, is a large and noble species resembling the red deer of Europe ; it has tall, round, branching horns, sometimes six feet high ; the color is yellowish brown, the tail short, the form stately, the air ma- jestic. Its length is seven to eight feet, its height four and a half to five feet. Its horns are shed in February or March. This animal is common in the Northwestern States, and ihence north to Lake Winnipeg." It is conceded that General Lewis Cass was the designer of the seal, and he seems to have been recognized as such by the convention, in the adoption of the following, on the 22d of June, prior to its final acceptance: Reaolved, That the President of this Convention tender to the Hon. Lewis Cass the thanks of this Convention, representing the people of Michigan, for the handsome State seal, presented by him to the State. With a view of bringing about some uniformity in its use, on flags, and in many other way;^, where it may be found necessary to use it, it has beau deemed advisable to enter thus fully into an investigation, and to fix, as far as possible, a definite understanding of the subject. Eor the purpose of aiding in this, the following letters are introduced : 10;i MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Kalamazoo, February 3d, 187 7. Dear General : — Your letter of the 2nth of January last was received here during my absence, else would have been answered more promptly. 1 was a member (as you state) of the Michigan Constitutional Convention of 1835, and remember that General Lewis Cass, then Secretary of War, presented to the people of Michigan, through John Biddle, the President of the convention, a device and motto to constitute the seal of Michigan when we became a State. IMiis device with the inscription was promptly and unanimously adopted by the convention. 1 was not an accomplished Latin scholar, but with some knowl- edge of the language, I construed the motto *^ Si queen's peninsulatii amoenam circumspice'^ to mean literally "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you," and in the limited talk that was indulged in debate on the subject, I re- member that General Isaac E, Crary, Judge Koss VVilkins, and possibly others gave the above as the literal translation of the motto, and they all agreed that this could not be improved by any attempt to make the translation more lib- eral. The word *' Tuebor^' was construed " I will defend," and if it had been placed on the seal and presented to the convention by some one not possessing the well earned popularity of General Cass, would have been stricken out as savoring too much of pretentious vaunting; as it was, we all deferred to his superior judgment, and adopted the seal as it came from him. As one of the citizens of Michigan, permit me to thank you for your efforts in maiiing up a perfect record of the flags to be placed in the new Capitol of Michigan, there to remain as part of the evidence that the people of the Penin- sula State have done their full part in the preservation of the union. Very respectfully Your friend and obedient servant, H. G. WELLS, General John Robertson. Detroit, February Gfh, 1877. My Dear General: — In reply to your inquiry as to my recollections, if any, as to the origin of our State coat of arms, I can say that when a law stu- dent with Major Lewis Cass, in the year 1841, we had some conversation on tlie subject; and as I now recall it, he then stated that when the matter was under consideration by the State authorities, his father, the late General Cass, was consulted, and together they selected and niodified the celebrated inscription upon the black marble slab that marks the tomb of Sir Christopher Wren in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, of which he was the distinguisiied architect. That inscription read, and still reads, as you know, thus: "*S'/ monwnentum requiris circum^plce" ("if you require a monument (for me) look around you"). Tliat is to say, my monument is the great temple itself which I have here de- signed and reared. Observing as the distinguishing feature of the State its peninsular character, they modified this motto hs &nhst\tv\i\ng queer is peninKulam amcBuavi for the words monumenhim requiris; so that the motto as sha})ed by them then read as tj-anslafced, — "If you seek a pleasant peninsuhv, look around you." This is the osigiu and history of this part of the motto, and it is all there is of it. The word " Tuebor'^ ("I will defend") has reference to the frontier position MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 103 of the State of Michigan. She lies close to the British territory, and on her devolves the defense not only of her soil, but also of the States south and east and west of her. She is the northern guard of the Union, and she says upon the shield, " I will defend^' the frontier against all enemies. In this view the word has a beautiful and brave significance, and should never be changed while our position is thus in the fore front of exposure. The eagle over the top of the coat of arms evidently symbolizes the superior authority and jurisdiction of the United States, to which authority our State has ever proved herself truly loyal. I am glad to know that you are putting into pamphlet form the record of the flag's history, and trust that the colors of the Union and those of the Peninsula State will always in the future, as in the past, be joined, peacefully blending with each other, and may God long preserve this Commonwealth, and the union of the States. Truly yours, General John Robertson. D. BETHUNE DUFFIELD. Tecumseh, January 27fh, 1877. Dear General: — Tours of yesterday as to the adoption of the Michigan State coat of arms by the Constitutional Convention of 1835 was received this morning. I reply with pleasui-e, and will say a word or two as to the situation of affairs at the time of its adoption. I have heard of late som€ persons criti- cising the mottoes of the State coat of arms ; say that " Fe7iinsiilam amcBuam^* should have been in the plural, so as to include both peninsulas, and amongst them, at a University commencement dinner a few years ago, one who I believe was a graduate of the University, and at any rate had held an important State office. But if they look back at the act of Congress of January 11th, 1805, providing for the organization of the Territory of Michigan, and fixing its boundaries, and which remained the same as then established so long as Mich- igan was a Territory, except as to the ten mile strip added on the north to the Territory of Indiana in 1816, when it was admitted into the Union as a State, they might have seen or known that at the time of the sitting of the Constitu- tional Convention in 1835 tliere was no claim, or anticipated claim, to any lands west of the line drawn from the northern extremity of Lake Michig^an to the National boundary in Lake Superior, nor was there then desired or asked for by the convention, or by any one else, any such addition to our boundaries as is now embraced in what is known as the Upper Peninsula. It was an after- thought of Congress to compensate Michigan, as it were, for the land on our southern boundary taken from us and added to the State of Ohio, a year or more after the sitting of the convention and the adoption of the State Consti- tution and the State coat of arms. About the only voice raised in Congress against the robbery on our southern border was tiuit of the venerable ex-Presi- ident, J. Q. Adams, then a member of tiie House of Representatives. But what could a young and weak Territory, with no voice in Congress but that of a delegare without a vote, do against a powerful State with some nineteen votes? The literal English of ''Tiubor'' is: '•! will defend." It means some- what as if we would say, ''We will defend even unto killing — unto death." 104 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. "■ Si quceris peninsulam cwicenam cimmispice," literally translated, is: *'If you seek a i)leHsaiit peninsula, look around," or thus: "If you are looking for or iu search of a beautiful peninsula, look around you, — here it is^' Yours truly, JOHN J. ADAM. General John Robertson. "Taebor" is not original in the arms of Michigan; it is the motto on the arms of Viscount Torrington, an English nobleman, whose county seat is Gates Court, Meredith, near Maidstone, Kent County, England. The titles in this family of Baronet and Viscount were created respectively in 1715 and 1721. The arms bear uo further resemblance to those of Michigan than the motto. DESCRIPTION OF THE TERRITORIAL SEAL OF MICHIGAN. [From ihe Record of Acts and Proceedings of the Executive Department of Michigan.] December first, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen : A description of the seal of the Territory of Michigan, and descrip- tions of the seals of the Supreme and other courts thereof, are devised, reduced to writing, and deposited for record, by His Excellency, Lewis Cass, Esquire ; and are as follows, to wit: description of the seal of the MICHIGAN TERRITORY. This seal to be two inches in diameter within the ring which usually forms the outer edge of seals. In the center of the seal to be a shield, or as the Her- alds style it, an escutcheon, in the form in whi(;h they are represented in the plates of Heraldry. Within the shield to be a small tree, properly proportioned to the size of the shield. A motto at the bottom of the shield to be " Tandem sit surcidus arbor" ("The shoot at length becomes a tree"). The shield to be supported by an eagle on each side, presenting a side view to the eye, the eagle on one side standing upon the right foot, and supporting the shield with the other; and contra on the other side of the shield. From the beak of one eagle to that of the other to be a scroll, passing over the shield in a curve, and within the scroll to be the motto of the United States, ^'£J phcribus U7ium." Round the seal to be these words, "Great Seal of the Territory of Michigan." The motto on this shield is that of the Marquis of Waterford. SOLDIERS' HOMES. At the session of 1867 the Legislature most humanely and opportunely appro- priated twenty thousand dollars to maintain for two years a temporary "Sol- diers' Home" at the Harper Hospital in Detroit. At the session of 1869 an additional sum was appropriated for its support for two years more. This home was established for the maintenance of infirm, maimed, and destitute Michigan soldiers and sailors of the late war, its management to be under the direction of the State Military Board, then consisting of Colonel D. 11. Jer- ome, of Saginaw, President; Colonel Jerome Croul, of Detroit; Colonel Alvin T. Crossman, of Flint; Colonel Henry L. Hall, of Hillsdale; and Col. S. M. Cutcheon, of Ypsilunti. Tins institution is still under the direction of the same board, now composed of Colonel Charles E. Grisson, St. Johns; Colonel Henry M. Duffield, Detroit; and General Lewis W. Heath, Inspector General, Grand Kapids. It is still deemed a necessity as a place of shelter for destitute Michigan soldiers while preparation is being made for their admission to the National homes. In the management of the "Home'' judicious liberality iias accorded to the disabled soldier the fullest benefit contemplated by the law, proving of great benefit to many who have found it necessary to seek its shelter; at the same time guarding with great care the State against unnecessary expense and imposition of the undeserving. In this connection it may not be out of place to state that since the estab- lishment of these "National Homes," and up to the present time, 660 Michi- gan soldiers have received admission — 345 at Dayton, Ohio; 178 at Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 17 at Togus, near Augusta, Maine; and 30 at Hampton, Virginia. While asylums affording ordinary yet comfortable homes are provided by their governments for the disabled veterans of foreign armies, it has been reserved for America to take tlie advance in this field of humanity and right by placing the "National Homes" of our country, for her maimed veterans, on a scale incomparably high and infinitely superior. They provide all the ordinary comforts of a home, chapels for religious ser- vices, halls for concerts and lectures, hospitals with experienced surgeons and kind nurses, library and reading rooms, amusement halls, school rooms, post 14 106 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. and telegraph offices, stores and workshops. Those who desire to fit them- selves for active employment, may receive an education so as to take up almost any employment, or may learn trades suited to their peculiar disalnlity, and compensation is allowed for profitable labor. It should be borne in mind by the soldiers and their friends that these Homes are neither hospitals nor alms-houses, but homes where subsistence, care, education, religious instruction, employment, and amusements are pro- vided, and this provision is not a charity, neither furnished at the expense of the States nor of the General Government, but being the stoppages from bounty -jumpers and bad soldiers of the war, is therefore a contribution by the vicious and unfaithful to the brave and deserving. Liberal pay and sometimes large bounties were the soldiers' benefits while in service ; still it was but money, easily and soon spent. Pensions granted to the maimed smd diseased may prove insufficient or may be improvidently wasted, but the National Home is the deserving soldier's '*Ao?/?e," and is a complete and lasting competence which can neither be misspent nor taken away, but remains a heritage from our country, "not for a day, but for all time." These "Homes" are the greatest boon conferred upon those who bared their breasts to the bullet and became crippled and infirm in the service of their country. Many of them will pass their last days in those quiet and beautiful retreats in peace and comfort, meeting death while imploring God's blessing upon those who in their warm and humane hearts devised so much of good for the aged and enfeebled soldier, and will then be borne by their friendly comrades to their graves in green and retired spots, beautifully improved and adorned in the shades of the native forest. ROLL OF HONOR. The Legislature of IRHO. with entire unanimity and much liberality, passed the following joint resoluliuii, which was approved by Governor Baldwni ou th& 3d of April : " Resolved ly the Senate and House of Reprcsentath'es of the State of Mi'h- igan. That the Adjutant General of tl\e Stale be authorized and instructed La prepare or finish the preparation of a roll (to be called the Roll of Honor), upon which shall be inscribed the names of all such citizens of Michigan, not only as have fallen in battle, or died in consequence of wounds received during the late war of the rebellion, but also all who died in Southern prisons, hospi- tals, and all other places, even though they may have served in regiments or batteries organized in other States, said roll to be a complete list of all the cas- ualties of war among Michigan men ; and further, Resolved, That a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars be, and the same hereby is, appropriated out of the general fund for the compilation of said roll and the engrossing of the same on parchment, and that the Adjutant General is directed to have the roll in parchment bound and placed in the State Library, and the original copy bound and retained in the office of the Adjutant General." This sum having been found too small. Governor Baldwin, at the next ses- sion, obtained an additional appropriation sufficient to complete the binding of the work, which was finished in the early part of 1872, and forwarded to the Governor, with the following letter : Military Department, Michigan, ) Adjutant General's Office, \ Detroit, September 16th, 1S72.) To His Excellency, Henry P. Baldwin, Governor of Michigan: Governor: — I have the honor to transmit to you the "Roll of Honor" re- quired under a resolution of the Legislature, approved April 3d, 1809. Very respectfully. Your most obedient servant, JA'O. HOHERTSON, Adjutant General. The "Roll" contains 14,855 names finely engrossed on English parchment by John Radiger, occupying him constantly for two years. It is made up in two volumes, elegantly and substantially bound in Russia leather, with orna- mental brass trimmings and fastenings, and has the following introductory: 108 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. "Boll of honor of Michigan soldiers who died in defense of the American Union, 1801-1865. " Michigan, ever true to the flag of her fathers and her own honor,"* declared at the outbreaii of the late civil war that the American Union, the best Gov- ernment given by God to man, must be preserved in spite of unjustifiable seces- sion, atrocious treason, and armed rebellion, and that the freedom of tlie peo- ple must be permanently secured. This declaration was most faithfully and heroically maintained, as evinced by the truthful loyalty, persistent energy, and unbounded liberality of her people, but especially by the faithful and brilliant services of her noble soldiery in the field, thereby establishing an unquestion- able claim to a full share in common with all other loyal States of the honor of defending the Government, and of preserving the institutions of our country. "Michigan, gratefully realizing and duly appreciating the noble sacrifice made by so many of her gallant and illustrious sons upon the altar of then- country's liberty, who fell on many battle fields while bravely fighting for our National life, and honoring their State, is desirous of perpetuating their mem- ory by inscribing their names on a roll of injperishable honor, to pass into the future as a bright and lasting record of their patriotism and true devotion to American nationality and freedom, worthy of the highest and purest veneration of their fellow countrymen for all coming time. **In order to effect this commendable purpose, the State, through her Legis- lature, has caused the compilation of the roll of honor of Michigan soldiers who fell iu battle or who died of wounds or disease. •' ' Though mixed with earth their perishable clay, Their names shall live while glory lives to lell; True to their country, how they won the day, How firm the heroes stood, how calm they fell.'" '•»H«, '»« t„ ^/^//Y^ SOLDIERS AND SAILORS' MONUMENT. .«^ / The Michigan regiments were early in the^'^field, and in rapid snccession flung their flags to the breeze, until foriy-niue regiments, with several independent companies, had gone to the front to battle for the Union, and included up to the close of the war over ninety thousand men, fourteen thousand and over of whom are recorded as martyrs for their country. While flags and banners are made the medium of expressing to troops grati- tude for their patriotism, and the expectation of their gallant services, as well as their acknowledgment, costly monuments and columns are reared to com- memorate their sacrifices. From the earliest periods, in all civilized nations and communities, monu- ments have been acknowledged evidences of an enlightened, grateful, and generous people, and are so considered at the present day. Some are reared as mementoes of great national events, or as recognitioijs of achievements or ac- knowledged worth of individuals, others to honor the memories of patriots who have made sacrifice for their country; while the most numerous are raised to mark the last resting place of the departed, and to inscribe thereon their brief and latest history. Some monuments, commenced with a national purpose, are in ruins ere completed. Others, undertaken by populous states or cities, are left unfinished, both speaking loudly of neglect, if not of disgrace, and at least are evidences < of a cooled ardor in the cause, or of a wanton forgetf uliiess of the worth or ' valor which they were intended to perpetuate ; while the humble stone with the ! tender and loving inscription of the widowed mother to her departed child is completed and stands intact, the consummation of a fixed and hallowed purpose. With a grateful appreciation of the services and sacrifices of her sons who : gave up their lives, the dearest boon to man, and of those who risked them in the same glorious cause, Michigan, early in the war, determined to per])etuate their memories and heroic deeds, by the erection of a monument chiseled from the white marble or the beautiful granite of America, elaborately and appropri- I ately finished with bronze or marble figures. I At a public meeting held by the citizens of Detroit, on June I'Oth, 1801, the 1 measure \^as inaugurated, and it was resolved to erect a monument to the 110 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. noble dead who might fall in defense of the Union. A committee to carry the resolution into eliect was appointed, composed of Judge B. F. H. Witherell, Colonel E. Backus, U. S. A., Messrs. Charles 0. Trowbridge, James W. Till- man, and Colonel Henry A. Morrow. Following the battle of Bull Run, and the anticipated return of the 1st Regiment, which had lost heavily in that engagement, public sentiment was becoming much strengthened in favor of the measure, while the public press was being made use of in its behalf. In the Free Press of July SOtli is found the following : To the Editor of the Detroit Free Press : Now that we are to extend a welcome to the 1st Michigan, or all that is left of them, is it not meet to take some steps for duly honoring the "unreturning brave?" The men who fell at Manassas were not mercenary soldiers. They did not enlist for the eleven dollars a month and board. They were animated by the loftiest patriotism, and if Thermopylae had its monument with the inscription, " Go, stranger, and at Lacedtemon tell That here obedient to her laws we fell." How much more shall our slain be honored. The Spartans fought to pre- vent invasion and consequent subjugation. Our men fought not for any such purpose, but for the triumph of constitutional liberty. Their homes and all their selDsh interests were safe. They fought the battle for humanity, for the world, for posterity. It strikes me that the least we can do is to perpetuate the memory of their sacrifice. I would therefore suggest the erection of a monument in one of the public places of our city, by contributions from all the citizens of the State who appreciate valor. The base is to be quadrangular or octagonal, as a committee may decide, with spaces for tablets. On one of these let there be cut an inscription of the fol- lowing nature; "To the memory of the volunteers of the 1st Regiment of Michigan Infantry, who fell at the battle of Manassas, Sunday, July 21st, 1861, in defense of the Constitution and the laws." Then let there follow the names of all who were killed or afterwards died of their wounds. What a consolation .this would be to relatives and friends. With what a patriotic pride might a father, whose son had fallen, look upon the tablet and the tapering shaft. Let it be known and said of all such, he is the father of one of the heroes of Manassas. The other spaces might be left for the heroes of futui'e battles. With what renewed ardor our men would fight, content to suffer, knowing that, instead of being foigotten in a nameless grave on some battle field, a grateful people were erecting monuments to commemorate their heroic deeds. Our Michigan soldiers have covered themselves with glory. Let it not be said that we, who shall reap the harvests of which their blood is the sowing, iire careless of their memories. T. W. PALMER. Tlie committee referred to met on the 6th day of August following, when Judge Witherell was appointed chairman; J. W. Tillman, treasurer; and T. VV. Palmer, secretary. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Ill Frequent meetings were afterwards held, together with consultations with friends of the measure, and finally it was deemed best to await the termination of the war and the end of the rebellion. Tl)is desirable result having been accomplished, a meeting was held in Detroit, July 20ih, 18G5, at which a comnnUee of seven were selected and appointed, composed of Messrs. C. C. Trowbridge, John Owen, J. F. Conover, T. W. Palmer, B. F. H. Witherell, John Eobertson, and J. W. Tillmau, to which the whole matter was referred, with instructions to prepare and report at a subsequent meeting a plan for organization, and also to present the names of suitable peisoiis to fill the positions or offices which they might recommend, and with power to call the next meeting. On the 11th of August, 1865, a meeting was held, at which the committee submitted their repoit, recommending the raising by subscription throughout the State of $5U,t)00,- and at the same time presented a plan of organization and labor, naming as a board of directors for the management of the business of the association : Hon. B. F. H. "Witherell, Dotroit. Hon. C. C. Trowbiid-e, l^cUoit. J. W. Tillman, Esq., D(>tioit. Gen. H. A. Morrow, Detroit. T. W. Palmer, Esq., Detroit. Hon. H. P. Baldwin, Detroit. Hon. John Owen, Detroit. Hon. Htniy N. Walker, Detroit. W. A. Butler, Esq., Detroit. B. Yernor, Esq., Detroit. C. F. Clark, Esq., Detroit. Hon. W. A. Howard, Detroit. Gen. John Robertson, Detroit. Hon. J. F. Jov, Detroit Major Gen. E. O. C. Ord, Detroit. Major Gen. 0. B. Wilicox, Detroit. Major Gen. A. S. Williams, Detroit. W. C. McConiiell, Esq., Pontiae. Witter J. Baxter, Esq., Jonesville. Hon. Charles T. Gorham, Marshall. Hon. John 11. Kellogij, AUeijan. Hon. T. W. Ferry, Grand Haven. Hon. Edwin Moore, Three Rivers. Hon. A. H. Morrison, !St. Joseph. Hon. W. L. Bancroft, St. Clair county. Hon. George Redlield, Cass county. Morgan Bates, Es*]., Grand Traverse. II. Shelton, Esq., Houghton. W^m. H. Maltby, Esq., Cheboygan. Vm. McPherson, Esq., Livingston county Ion. Chauncev Davis, Muskegon. ion. G. T. Wendell, Mackinac. .ion. Alex. Campbell, Marquette. Hon. H. A Waldron. Hillsdale county. Jlon. H. A. Divine, Montcalm county. Itlajor A. 1>. Watson, Newavgo county. ;). Bethune DuOield, Esq., Detroit. f. F. Conover, Esq., Detroit. I. Marxhausen, Esq., Detroit. His Excellency Gov. H. H. Crape, Flint. Hon. E. H. Thonjpson, Flint. Ex-Gov. Austin Blair, Jackson. Hon. James Birney, Bay City. Hon. E. J. Penninian, Plymouth. James Burtenshaw, Esq., Ontonagon. S. F. Pfige, Esq., Ionia. Hon. Giles Hubbard, Mount Clemens. John A. Kerr, Esq., Lansing. Dr. Potter, East baginaw. Hon. Peter White, Marquette. Hon. T. D. Gilbert, Grand Rapids. Hon. Hezekiah G. Wells, Kalamazoo. Hon. R. C. Paine, Niles. Hon. W. S. Maynard, Ann Arbor. Talcott E. Wing, Esq., Monroe. Hon. R. R. Beecher, Adrian. Col. W. L. Stougliton, St. Joseph county. Milton Bradley, Esq., Isabella county. ("apt. Roe, Steamer Michigan. Hon. C. A. Stacy, Lenawee county. Hon. W. G. Beckwith, Cass county. Hon. S. M. Cutcheon, Waslitena-\v county J. B. Crippen, Esq., Branch county. Hon. James Ainiitage, Monroe county. Hon. N. G. Isbell, Wayne county. Hon. James B. Walker, Grand Traverse Co. Hon. M. E. Crofoot, Oakland county. Hon. Jas. A. Sweezy, Barry county. J. E. Fisher, Esq., Leelanaw county. Hon. Delos Filer, Manistee county. Hon. Perry Hannah. Grand Traverse Co. Hon. P. P. Barbeau, Chippewa county. Hon. Towiiscnd North, Tuscola county Hon. Edwin H. Lothrop, St. Josejih Co. J. S. Farraiid, Esq., Detroit. Hon. V. P. Collier, Calhoun county. Jesse Crowell, Esq., Calhoun county. Hon. Charles Mears, Mason county. 113 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. M. Kramer, Esq., Detroit. Theodore Ronievn, Esq., Detroit. C. I. Walker, Esq., Detroit. Gen. W. A. Tlnoop, Detroit. Hon. G. V. N. Lotlirop, Detroit. Hon. Wilson Green, Oceana county. T. W. Flanders, Ontonagon county. John Moore, Esq., Saginaw county. Hon. G. W. Pack, Huron couiity. Hon. Luther Smith, Gratiot county. T. C. Owen, Esq., St. Clair county. Hon. J. K. Boies, Lewawee county. Hon. Hugh McCurdy, Shiawassee county. John Larken, Esq., Midland county. John L. Woods. Esq., Sanilac county. Major Gen. Pierce, Kent county. S. W. Hill, Esq., Keweenaw county. E. S. Ingalls, Esq., Menomineje county » John Roost, Esq., Ottawa county. Hon. H. A. Shaw, Eaton county. Hon. George Luther, Ottawa county. Neil Gray, Esq., Macomb county. Col. J. E. White, Lapeer county. Hon. P. Hayden, Van Buren county, Charles Kipp, Esq., Clinton county. S. M. Seely, Branch county. From this body the committee designated as the officers of the associatiotf Hon. B. F. H. Witherell, president; Gen. H. A. Morrow, vice president; J \V. Tillman, E^q., treasurer; Hon. John Owen, auditor; T. W. Palmer, Esq.;, i-ecretary; and J. W. Konieyn, Esq., associate secretary. The committee also named as the executive committee Hon. C. C. Trow- bridge, Hon. John Owen, Hon. H. P. Baldwin, Hon. N. H. Walker, J. F. Conover, Esq., and C. I. Walker, Esq., all of Detroit; ex-Governor Blair, oi Jackson; Hon. E. H. Thomson, of Flint; and Hon. S. M. Cutcheon, of Ypsi- lanti, with tiie president, treasurer, and secretary ex officio. A meeting was also held on June 26th, 1867, with Judge Witherell in the chair, when a report was submitted by Mr. Trowbridge, which he had been selected to prepare, relative to the merits of the numerous designs which had been presented by the different competing artists. Next morning the death of Judge Witherell occurred, and the association was called upon to deplore the sudden and unexpected loss of its founder, a gentleman peculiarly interested in its patriotic work, and who had spent nearly I he last hour of his life in planning and advising as to its future labor. Kext day. June 28th, the board of directors examined the various designs,, plans, and estimates, together with their relative merits, which were fully and fairly discussed. Coming together in the afternoon of that day, it was detei- mined to make the choice by ballot, when it was found that the design sub- mitted by Randolph Rogers, the eminent American sculptor, for some years :i resident of Ann Arbor, had a decided preference. Mr. Rogers presented in detail his estimate for the work, specifying the cosi- of each part separately, when, after lengthy consultation and full expression of views, the board considered favorably the estimate, and he was awarded the contract. On July 4th, 1867, the corner-stone was laid in Detroit, by Grand Master S. 0. (Joffinbury, of the Masonic fraternity, ni presence of the Grand Oouimand eries and Grand Lodge of that order, the Grand Lodge of the order of Oild Fellows, and a great many lodges of both orders, together with several lodges of Good Ten)[)lars, the United States troops from Forts Wayne and Gratiot, with the State troops of the city, and an immense gathering of people from MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 113 all parts of the State> really presenting an occasion seldom witnessed, while Governor Blair's eloquent and appropriate oration was received with much favor and increased largely the great interest manifested in the affair. In 1868 the association was incorporated by the Legislature, and its affairs are now managed by a board of trustees composed of John Owen, H. P. Bald- win, Tlieoeore Eomeyn, William A. Butler, H. N. Walker, R. A. Alger, Thos. VV. Palmer, C. H. Buhl, David Preston, 0. C. Trowbridge, and G. V. K. Lothrop, of Detroit; J. F. Conover, of Kalamazoo, Austin Blair, of Jackson, and S. M. Cutcheon, of Ypsilanti. The officers of the association at present are C. C. Trowbridge, President ; John Owen, Vice President; William A. Butler, Treasurer; Thomas W. Palmer and Jiimes W. Romeyn, Secretaries. In the collection of the funds much labor was necessarily required, and in February, 1866, the Eev. George Taylor was employed as general soliciting and collecting agent, rendering valuable and faithful service. In March following, General B. M. Cutcheon, of Manistee, volunteered his services in aid of the measure, speaking to the people in its behalf, and giving manly energy and successful effort to the cause. The structure is now completed as originally designed, and has cost $70,185.91, including iron fencing. Its architectural construction is of gray granite, while its ornamental decoration is of superior gold bronze, cast at Munich, Bavaria, and cost as follows*: Statue of Michigan, $8,000. Four statues Army and Navy, $20,000. Four allegorical figures, $10,000. Four medallions, $4,000. Four eagles, $2,400. Coat of Arms, United States, $500. Coat of Arms, Michigan, $500. The monument stands about forty-six feet, crowned by a colossal statue of Michigan, ten feet high, a semi-civilized Indian Queen, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left; the figure in motion as if rushing forward in defense of her country. Beneath the plinth in which she stands are Btars and wreaths. On the next section in front is the dedication : Ekectbd BY THE People op Michigan IN Honor of the Martyrs who Fell and the Heroes who Fought IN defense op LiBRRTY AND UnION. On the left are the arms of the State ; on the right are the arms of the United States. On the projecting butments below are four allegorical figures seated. These figures, if standing, would be six and a half feet high, and they represent 15 114 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Victory, Union, Emancipation, and History. On the next section below, stand- ing upon projecting butments, are the defenders of Liberty and Union, the representations of the army and navy, four statues, seven feet high, soldiers of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, with a sailor of the navy. Between these statues are bronze tablets, on which are medallion figures of Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, and Farragut. On the outer pedestals are four eagles. " The whole — it speaks in volumes of the past — Of war's dread tempest and the fiery blast; Of mail-clad valor, brave the sword to draw, To vindicate the right, maintain the law. " i HARPER HOSPITAL. In 1863, Colonel Charles S. Tripler, surgeon U. S. army, and then U. S. medical director, stationed at Detroit, represented to the Government the abso- lute necessity for the erection of a general hospital at that point for the recep- tion and care of sick and wounded Michigan soldiers, and urging immediuie action in the matter. In the effort Colonel Tripler had the influence and recommendation of the Governor and military authorities of the State, and was at the same time ably aided in his undertaking by Dr. D. 0. Farrand, then at-sistant surgeon, U. S. army, and Colonel George W. Lee, chief quartermaster in Michigan, and stationed at Detroit. The authority was, after much correspondence and annoying delays, obtained under an order from the Secretary of War, and under the superintendence of Colonel Lee the work on "Harper Hospital" was commenced early in ISGl, It was made up of eleven one-story buildings, with a capacity for eight hun- dred patients, and costing about sixty thousand dollars, the use of the grounds being given gratis by the "Harper Hospital Association." Much care had been observed in regard to ventilation, drainage, and superior water arrange- ments. Opening with an exceedingly capable management, it had soon the reputation of being one of the most complete, comfortable, and best regulated hospitals in the West. In usefulness it added largely to the already extensive preparation made by the Government for the shelter and care of thousands of Michigan men who, by disease or wounds, had been rendered unfit for service in tlie iicld. On its completion, Dr. Farrand was placed in chaige, with Drs. W. A. Chandler, Wm. C. Catlin, E. W. Jenks, and G. W. Fitzpatrick as assistants. Dr. Byron Stanton, a surgeon of volunteers, succeeded Dr. Farrand in the spring of 18G5, but he remained but a few weeks, as lie accepted a position in an asylum for the insane in Ohio. Dr. Farrand again assumed charge, continuing on duty until June or July following, when at his own request he was translcrred to take charge of the hospital at Fort Wayne, near Detroit, then occupied by U. S. troops. 116 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Succeeding Dr. Farrand, Dr. Wynkoop, a surgeon of volunteers from Phila- delphia, was placed in charge, remaining until the close of the hospital, in December, 1865. The buildings were soon after given by the Government to the trustees of the "Harper Hospital," a corporate body, this association having in contemplation the establishment of a hospital for charitable purposes. In giving the buildings, the Government made a condition that sufficient accommodation should be at all times afforded for a ''Soldiers' Heme" for invalid and destitute Michigan soldiers and sailors, and since then it has been in part used for that purpose. The sick and wounded being very numerous at that time, and a transfer of Michigan men from Eastern hospitals being very desirable, to ensure them more care and the attention of their friends at home, the erection of this hospital WHS accomplished, and while it was accepted by the people of the State as a most generous recognition by the Government of her great claims for consideration, they will never forget the efforts of those gentlemen to secure it, while the soldiers will in all time hold them in most grateful remem- 1 trance. MILITARY MUSEUM. In the interior arrangement of tlie new capitol at Lansing the soldier and his services were not forgotton, but were most favorably and substantially remembered. With almost a profuse liberality, which should be fully appreci- ated, a huge and commodious room was set apart, designated as the "Museum." This is the deposit of the "Michigan Battle B'lags," properly placed in regi- mental order in a magnificent vertical case of large dimensions, novel in con struction and of beautiful proportions, reaching almost to the ceiling, erected in the center of the apartment, superbly mounted with heavy plate glass, which, coupled with the bullet marked and battle worn flags, is the grandest and most impressive monument to the soldiers of Michigan. In addition, large cases of the same style are placed against the wall, while vlegant table cases are distributed in appropriate locations, also finished in plated glass, and containing a large and interesting collection of relics of the war, including rebel flags, and other contributions from the same source. In devoting so elegant and extensive a room to this purpose, much credit is due to Governor Baldwin, member of the building commission ex officio, who included it in his original schedule of apartments, as well as to the building commission. Colonel Ebenezer 0. Grosvenor, Hon. James Shearer, and Hon. Alexander Chapaton, and their secretary, Allen L, Bours, Esq., together with Hon. John J. Bagley and Hon. Charles M. Croswell, succeeding governors of the State and members of the board ex officio, while the matter also received much favorable consideration at the hands of the Board of State Auditors, at that time composed of Hon. E. G. D. Holden, Secretary of State, Colonel Wm. B. McCreery, State Treasurer, and General B, F. Partridge, Commissioner of the Land Ollice. Special credit should also be awarded to E. E. Myers, Esq., the architect, for the appropriate design and good taste in which the whole apartment hns been made up and arranged. To the liberality of the State and to these gentlemen who so generously and judiciously administered it, the soldiers of the war as well as the people are under many obligations, which will undoubtedly be cheerfully recognized by them with sincere gratitutfe. 118 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Simultaneous with the openiug and dedication of the capitol January 1st, 1879, the Museum was formally opened to the public, when it was visited with much interest by a large concourse of the citizens of the State, then^ congre- gated at Lansing. The sight of the "Old Flags" revived in the minds of all recollections of past victories and defeats, of friends lost and a country saved. High noon we meet! The opening year We welcome as an omen clear, Of brighter, better days in store. When violence is heard no more ; When the dear flag, without a stain, O'er every State supreme shall reign." FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. The most monientons period in our State history wag the war of the rebel- lion, embiaciug tlie home work, and although it undoubtedly may be looked upon as insignificant, when compared with the extent and value of the labor accomplished by her troops in the field, and the great sacrifice of life made by them, yet it was one of great magnitude. The old proverb that "constant dropping wears the stone" did not seem to be applicable, for could the con- tinuous drain on the people of Michigan for men and means have worn out their patience and discouraged their patriotism, such a result would have been surely accomplished. For, aside from the incessant labor of the people in raising men to fill their quotas, to save their communities from the odious drafts which continually threatened them, involving much perplexing anxiety, there were many petty annoyances, great sacrifice of time, together with large expenditures of money by State, counties, and townships, and also by indi- viduals, which, all combined, rendered the burdens and cares of the people at times so heavy as to be almost unbearable; still, the astonishing statements made below, covering over fourteen and a half millions of dollars, raised and applied by Michigan for war purposes, although couched in silent figures, speak most eloquently and earnestly of the great sacrifice and the unbounded patriot- ism of her people. During the war the State Legislature passed laws authorizing the payment of State bounties to soldiers as follows: "Men enlisting from March 6th, 1863, to November 10th, 1863 (both inclusive), in any Michigan regiment, company, or battery, except the 10th and 11th cavalry, 13th and 14th Butteries, and 1st Colored Infantry, entitled to $50 State bounty. Men re-enlisting in their own regiments (after service of two years j from November 11th, 1863, to February 4th, 1864 (both inclusive), entitled to $50 State bounty. Men enlisting or re-enlisting from February oih, 1864, to May 14th, 18ital, or a prayer consigns liim to a soldier's grave. All the delegates of the commission are ministers and laymen, selected for their fitness for the work, who labor each six weeks without any compensation^ MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 129 except the consciousness of doiufr good. All that is given to the commission is dispensed personally by these delegates, and placed by the.r own hands m the hands of the soldier— not handed over to bo dispensed by otticials of the Gov- ernment, or salaried agents of the commission. This branch of the commission has received from tlie people down to this time $21,':2o.W, most of which has been forwarded to the central otfice at Philadelphia. Stores have been contributed and forwarded to the armies from Michif^an amounting in value to about $10,000. Michigan furnished to us the following delegates, fifty-seven m number, nearly atl of whom have spent their full term of six weeks in the work of the Gom mission : William Harvey, Detroit, Army of the Cumberland. Bev. Seth Eeed, Ypsilanti, Army of the Cumberland. Kev. J. M. Strong, Clarkston, Army of the Potomac. Kev. James Walker, Eckford, Army of the Mississippi. Rev. L. Slater, Kalamazoo, Army of the Cumberland. James E. Carson, Centreville, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. E. H. Pilcher, Ann Arbor, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. B. Franklin, Saline, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. A. F. Bournes, Dexter, Army of the Mississippi. Rev. F. R. Gallaher, Hillsdale, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. W. P. Wastell, Holly, Army of the Potomac. Prof. A. TenBrook, Ann Arbor, Army of the Mississippi. Rev. George H. Hickox, Saline, Army of the Cutaberland. Rev. D. H. Evans, Palmyra, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. J. J. Gridley, Pinckney, Army of the Mississippi. Prof. Joseph Estabrook, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac. Alanson Sheley, Detroit, Army of the Potomac. Rev. 0. C. Thompson, Detroit, Army of the Potomac. Rev. William Hogarth, D. D., Detroit, Army of the Potomac. E. C. Walker, Detroit, Army of the Potomac. Rev. George DutReld, Jr., Adrian, Army of the Potomac. Samuel W. Duffield, Adrian, Army of the Potomac. Samuel E. Hart, Adrian, Army of the Potomac. W. F. King, Adrian, Army of the Potomac. A. S. Berry, Adrian, Army of the Potomac. Rev. Daniel E. Brown, Flint, Army of the Cumberland. Prof. J. C. Plumb, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac. William Patterson, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac. Robert H. Tripp, Hillsdale, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. H. N. Bissell, Mt. Clemens, Army of the Cumberland. F. S. Walker, Bass Lake, Army of the Cumberland. Rev. S. E. Wishard, Tecumseh, Army of the Potomac. Kev. J. W. Allen, Franklin, Army of the Potomac. Kev. K. R. Salter, D. D., LaSalle, Army of the Mississippi. Kev. James F. Taylor, Chelsea, Army of the Cumberland. C K. Adams, Ann Arbor, Army of the Potomac. 0. C. Thom[)Son, Jr., Detroit. Army of the Potomac. Rev. John Pierson, Milford, Army of the Potomac. Rev. J. R. Cordon, Oak Grove, Army of the Potomac. Rev. Robert H. Conklin, Detroit, Army of the Potomac. 17 130 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. George Andrews, Detroit, Army of the Potomac. Rev. S. L. Ramsdell, Northville, Army of the Potomac. Eev. James S. Sutton, Brighton, Army of the Potomac. Eev. William Harrington, North Adams, Army of the Potomac. H. B. Denham, Dowagiac, Army of the Potomac. ** 0. F. Shannon, Fairwater, Wisconsin, Army of the Potomac. J. P. Garvin, M. D., Kendallville, Indiana, Army of the Potomac. Rev. 0. H. Spoor, Vermontville, Army of the Potomac. Daniel W. Church, Vermontville, Army of the Potomac. Rev. E. H. Day, Otsego, Army of the Mississippi. Rev. Thomas Lowrie, Stratford, C. W., Army of the Potomac. Rev. E. J. Howes, Sylvanus, Army of the Mississippi. Rev. J. A. Ranney, Sturgis, Army of the Cumberland. Prof. 0. M. Currier, Olivet, Army of the Cumberland. Prof. H. E. Whipple, Hillsdale, Army of the Potomac. Rev. Mr. Taylor, Tecumseh, Army of the Potomac. All of which is respectfully submitted. E. C. WALKER, Chairman. CHARLES F. CLARK, Secretary. HENRY P. BALDWIN, Treasurer. DAVID PRESTON, CALEB IVES, FRANCIS RAYMOND, J. S. VENNOR, Army Com. of the U. S. Christian Cojn. for Michigan. In addition to the above, William Kedzie and Geo. H. Kedzie, of Deerfield, and the Rev. Adam S. Kedzie, of Somerset, were engaged in the same service, principally in the vicinity of Martinsburg and Winchester, and also in Wash- ington. LADIES' SOLDIEES' AID SOCIETY OF KALAMAZOO. In 1864, those associations were most opportunely assisted by the ** Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Kalamazoo," by way of a "State Sanitary Fair" at Kalamazoo, in September of that year. It was managed with much good judgment and energy, ending in complete success, netting $9,618.78 over all expenses. The following report of the Executive Committee, made to the Adjutant General of the State, covers in detail the origin and proceedings of the society in connection with the enterprise : Joh7i Rohcrtson, Adjutant General IState of Michigan: Sir: Herewith the undersigned submit a report, embracing an account of receipts and disbursements of the "Michigan State Sanitary Fair," held at the village of Kalamazoo, on the "State Agricultural Fair Ground," on the 30th, 21st, 22d, and 23d days of September, A. D. 1864. The following cor- respondence exhibits the origin of the "Fair" : To Mrs. John Potter and Aliss Eliza Finher, of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, of Kalamazoo, Michigan : The undersigned, citizens of Kalamazoo county, knowing tliat you have been active MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 131 and have accomplished much, ever since the rebellion commenced, in every good v?ork for the relief of the sick and wounded Union soldiers, would most respectfully suggest that thousands of the patriotic and generous people of Michigan will be glad, in connection with the annual fair of the Michigan State Agiicultural Society, to be held on the 20th, ■21st, 22d, and 23d days of September, at Kalamazoo, to contribute of their abundance, in money and articles, for the purpose of aiding the wounded and sick of that army which fought in defense of our National flag and the Union, against the traitorous designs of thoi^o who hate liberty and love despotism. We would suggest that a fair be held on the grounds to be oceupiod by the Agricultural Society, for the purpose above mentioned, and we earnestly solicit that you, calling to your aid suitable persons, may devise such plan for the consummation of the foregoing purpose as mav be deemed proper. Signed:— H. G. Wells, Joseph Sill, Allen Potter, 'John Baker, Daniel Cahill, J. M. Edwards, J. P. Woodbury, N. A. Balch, J. W. Breese, L. H. Trask. George Lewis, Henry Montague, F. W. Curtenius. 0, N. Giddings, David S. Walbridge, Marsh Giddings, J. Jl. Neasmith, B. M. Austin, George A. Fitch, J. W. Mansur, Henry Hoyt, Hiram Arnold, Henry Bishop, Henry Dreese, Samuel W. Walker, J. J. Perrin, Isaiah W. Pursel, Frank Henderson. J. A. B. Stone, James A. Walter, G. H. Gale, Henry Wood, David Fisher, A. Cameron, S. S. Cobb, J. W. Lay, William A. Wood, John C. Basset, Tiowbridge & Basset, -John M'Kibben, Charles Bell. Alfred 1 homas, George Colt, W. B. Clark, F. Chase, M. B. MiUer, E. A. Carder. G. D. Penfield, J. K. Wagner, E. 0. Humphrey, Charles S. May, C. D. Hanscomb, Thomas BrowDfll, James '1 uruer, WiUiani A. Hurst, A. C. Wortley, Thomas Browning, S. K. Selkrig, A. H. Geisse, James P. Claphani, Pickering & Worm- ley, Austin Geurge, A. D. Robinson, W. H. Snow, Z. S. Clark, F. U. Clark, 1\ L. Haines, B.'. S. Parker & Co., John Bennett, I. C. Bennett, A. E. Bartlett, Frank Little, D. Put- nam, C. S. Cobb, R. S. Babcock, C. W. Hall, H. F. Cook, P. C. Davis, H. C. Briggs. Kalamazoo, August 23d, 1864. To THE People of the State of Michigan: The undersigned, of the "Soldiers' Aid Society," of Kalamazoo, pursuant to the foregoing request, After having obtained the kind aid of many ladies and gentlemen of this county, and other ])arts of the State, have made arrangements for holding a "Michi- gan State Sanitary Fair," at Kalamazoo, on the :^Oth, '-ilst, 2'id, and )i'di\ of Sei)tember, A. D., 1804, at which we hope to avail ourselves of patriotic ad- dresses from his Excellency, Austin Blair, and other distinguished [)ersons. It is proposed to devote the entire proceeds of this "Sanitary Fair," to the sick and wounded soldiers, who have gone forth in defense of that flag which is the symbol of Union, and whose brave hearts nerve them to meet suUering and death rather than permit one star to be stricken from its azure tield. One-third of the proceeds of this fair will be distributed through the " Mich- igau Soldiers' Eelief Committee," at Detroit, consisting of C. H. 13uhl, 13. Vernor, Adjutant General John Koberison, W. A. Butler, and Anthony Dud- geon; one-tliird thiough the "United States Christian Commission," to bedis- tributed by David Preston, E. C. Walker, Caleb Ives, Francis Raymond, J. S. Vernor, and Charles F. Clark of Detioit, and one-third through the "Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society," at Kalamazoo. We ask the people of Michigan, men and women, old and young, to bring or fiend to us money, or such articles of value as can be spared, for this, a great national purpose. May we not, especially, appeal to the young men who still remain at home, and who are preserved from the accidents of the battle field, the long siiirernig and the weary night watches of the hospital? If home duties and family ties, or imi)aired health compel you to resist the inclination to aid your country in this its hour of peril, by active service in the tield, we implore you to give of your means, that health may possibly be restored, and comfort administered to the sick and wounded soldiers. Of the women of Michigan we ask efldcieut, active aid m this our effort to accomplish a great good; to them, we believe, we shall not ai)peal in vain. 133 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. God's own blessins;, we trust, will rest on all men, women, and little children of Michigan who may be thus inclined to strengthen the hearts and hands, and encourage the valor and patriotism of the fathers and husbands, and brothers and sons, who have manfully resisted the overthrow of that government which good men of the olden time established, and which we humbly pray a rigliteous- God may ever preserve. RUTH L. POTTER, ELIZA W. FISHER, Of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, Kaiamazoo.. It will be noticed that a very brief period elapsed between the time that the idea of holding the "Fair" was fiist entertained and its occurrence, but the foregoing address was as widely circulated among the people of Michigan as circumstances would permit. The ladies of Kalamazoo county relied mainlj upon the various Soldiers' Aid Societies of the State for active co-operation, and in view of all the surroundings they were not disappointed. The general outline for the "Fair" having been arranged, the work of preparation com- menced. Buildings were to be erected, a hall in which articles were to be exhibited and sold to the assembled thousands, and an extensive dining-room for visitors, were to be built; and, considering the fact that the lumber was to be brought by teams a distance of 2S miles, the circumstances seemed to be embarrassing. The ladies had determined that all obstacles should be over- come, and their efforts were crowned with success. Contributions in money, merchandise, produce, animals, implements, and works of art, were furnished with a good degree of liberality from various por- tions of this State, and in a few instances from beyond the limits of Micliigan. Words of encouragement, with gifts of money or articles for sale, came alike from the rich and the poor. In not a few instances the widowed mother,^ whose only son had gone down in the storm of battle in the Army of the Potomac, or the Army of the West, sent forward her humble contribution, with an invocation that God would bless the soldier who stood ready to yield his life in defense of tliat Govenment which had given him protection from infancy to manhood. A little ciiild from an adjoining county, in humble cir- cumstance.-', furnished her gift, in value the fraction of a dollar, with the sim- ple but earnest request that she might be permitted to give something; she wished to do more, but they were poor ; her mother was ill, and her father and only brother were soldiers in the war. This gift, in fact the most liberal of all, was sold and returned by purchasers again and again, until the amount realized was a handsome addition to the general fund. On Thursday, the 2!^d day of September, the '"Fair" was duly inaugurated under the direction of the Hon. James B. Orippon, of Coldwater, Micliigan, who, after appropriate religious services, in a brief address congratulated the assembled thousands upon the liberality wliich had been evidenced througliout the loyal States in caring for the men of the Union army, and in terms of merited CDmplinient extended to the ladies of the State of Michigan commendation for their zeal and active effort in behalf of the sick and wounded soldier. His Excellency Austin Blair was then introduced, and in an address able, patriotic, eloquent, and replete with interesting incidents of the war, lie held the close attention of his audience for an hour. Alter singing, of rare excellence, by the "Musical Association of Kalamazoo," the vast crowd was dismissed, every man and woman seemingly congratulating themselves that the public exercises MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 133 had been to them of great interest, and worthy of the cause for which the '•Sanitary Fair" had been planned and arranged. No objects in the "Fair" seemed to excite so much of interest and fix the attention of tlie thousands who visited the " Sanitary Hall" as the torn and battle-scarred banners which had been borne by the regiments of Michigan during the war, and whicii had been kindly furnished from the Adjutant Gen- eral's office. As tlie multitude gazed on these silent emblems of the brave •deeds of the men of Michigan, again and again was heaid from motlier and father the exclamation, as the flag of some particular regiment was noted, '• My son fought under that banner!" and not unfrequentiy the sad, accom- panying remark, ''he fell in battle," or "died in hospital." "The Liidies' Soldiers' Aid Society, of Kalamazoo," desire to express their heartfelt tlianks to all who generously contributed to this "Michigan State Sanitary Fair," for the beneht of the sick, wounded, and disabled soldier. To the delegations of ladies and gentlemen from Wayne, St. Clair, Macoinl), Lapeer, lienawee, Hillsdale, Calhoun, Jackson, St. Joseph, Vanliuien, Cass, and Allegan counties, who attended during the "Fair," and kindly contrib- uted by active efforts to its success, they specially desire to express their great obligation. It will be perceived by the accompanying account that the net proceeds of the "Fair," already distributed, amount to 89,300, leaving witli the trensurer a. small balance to cover any possible outstanding liability, or for futuie distri- bution : Credit. By amount received, admission tickets, for Sanitaiy Hall $1,213 15 By amount received at Presidential ballot-box . ■ii'A 25 By donations in money and sales of articles contributed ll.O'JT 40 Total $12,764 80 Debit. To amount paid Kellogg <& Co., for lumber for buildings $1,243 91 To labor, printing, and sundry expenses 502 11 To Kalamazoo Horse Association for rent of ground 276 50 To supplies for dining tables 1,123 50 To " Kalamazoo Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society" 2,1)00 00 To " United States Christian Commission, " I)etroit 2,900 00 To " Michigan Soldiers' lielief Committee," Detroit 2,900 00 To "Michigan Soldiers' Belief Association," Washington city, per Hon. J. M. Edmunds 600 00 To cash, balance on hand 318 78 ToUil $12,764 80 H. G. WELLS, S. W. WALKER, JOHN POTTER, Executive Com. Michigan Utale Saiiitaiy Fair. Kalamazoo, November 10th, 1864. Although the associations referred to were the principal sot;rces of relief, yet much was accomplished by piivate individuals, as there were large amounts of money and supplies collected and sent to the front by private agents and min- isters of the gospel, while many who visited the army and hospitals from time to time on errands of kindness, mercy, and benevolence, largely contributed toward the great cause which was so bountifully sustained without a parallel •in the histories of ])ast wars. 134 MICHIGAN IX THE WAK. It may be possible tbat tbe many quiet and unseen efforts of those noble and kind-liearted people, made with so much labor and sacriflce, were not fully appreciated at the time by those outside the in)mediate recipients, but such have their reward, for their humane acts are recorded by Him who rewards openly the charity and kindly offerings to the needy which are given even in secret. Prominent among the laborers in the work was Chaplain Samuel Day, Sth Illinois Infantry, military agent for United States sanitary supplies, a citizen of Michigan, a most eOicieut and industrious worker in the field, who collected in this State in 1863, and forwarded to Chicago for distribution in tlie Western army, nearly six thousand barrels of vegetables of various kinds, together with over three thousand dollars in money. Mrs. Laura S. Haviland, an old lady of Adrian, well known throughout the State by her long and continuous efforts in behalf of suffering humanity, and so specially active and successful during the war, in administering to the neces- sities of soldiers and freedmen, deserves a page in the history of Miciiigan troops. Early in 1863 she received from Governor Blair a letter of appointment as a sanitary agent, and soon left the State with supplies for Michigan soldiers and freedmen, laboring about three months in the vicinity of Columbus, Kentucky, Island No. 10, Missouri, and Memphis, Tennessee. From there ill health comi)elled her to return to Michigan, where she com- menced collecting supplies, and continued until October, 1864. She then left for Vicksburg, Mississippi, where she distributed supplies in hospitals, prisons, and to freedmen. She also reached Baton Eouge, Louisiana, and Ship Island, where about 3,000 Union military piisoners were in confinement, under sentence for various offenses, distributing tracts and books, and on her arrival at New Orleans had sanitary stores forwarded to them, and on her return to the State had additional supplies sent. Soon after, she started for the southwest, making distributions at Fort Leavenworth, Quindaro, Wyandotte, Kansas City, Lawrence, and Fort Scott, expending some $7,000 in supplies, and disbursing nearly SI, 700 in money. She was greatly aided in these operations by Major General Curtis and other military officers, who extended kindness and assistance. About June 1st, 1865, she returned to the State in ill health, remaining about two months, when $600 more was raised, and with it she went to Wash- ington. There she procured an order allowing her to purchase military clotiiing at auction prices, for distribution among the most destitute freedmen on the southern frontier of Virginia. On her application through Congressman F. C. Beaman and Senator B. F. Wade, she procured an order of Secretary Stanton for the release of 300 mili- tary prisoners in confijiement at Ship Island and Dry Tortugas. NATIONAL CEMETERIES. The National cemeteries, where rest the heroic dead, have always had the required aid from MiciiigtiH. The State has never failed to make ready and substantial response to all calls made for means to improve and beautify these silent cities of the dead. By an act of the Legislature, approved February 3d, 1864, the sum of $3,500 of the war fund was appropriated "for the purpose of paying the proportion of this State of the estimated expense of preparing the ground, furnishing the Soldiers' National Cemetery, at Gettysburg, in the State of Pennsylvania, and of making improvements upon that portion thereof which is set apart to this State," which sum the Governor was authorized to disburse for said pur- poses. For the management of this appropriation the Governor was vested with authority to appoint a commissioner, who should take charge of and represent the interest of the State in this matter. In accordance with this provision, the Hon. T. W. Ferry, of the United States Senate, was appointed. In 1865, by an act of the Legislature,, approved March 8th, an additional sum of $2,500 of the war fund was appropriated, being the proportion of this State, in completing and keeping it in repair. From the report of Commissioner Ferry: To His Excellency, Henry H. Orapo, Governor of the State of Michujan: The act incorporating the "Soldiers' National Cemetery," at Gettysburg, Pa., required the classification, by lot, of the commissioners of the several States, incorporated into three claijses, whose terms of office respectively should be one, two, and three years. Michigan drew the longest term, which expires on the 1st «!ay of January, A. D. 1867. I have, therefore, the honor herewith of submitting my terminating report: The work in progress, indicated in my last report has been completed. The seventeen acres dedicated to the cemetery have been inclosed upon the north, west, and south sides by a substantial granite wall, two feet thick at its base, and tapering outwardly to 19 inches at the top, with an average height of 4 feet 4 inches, which, with a surmounting coping of dressed granite 8 inches in thickness by 23 in width, pointed, cemented, and clamped together by iron clan)ps, gives an extreme height of 5 feet. The division fence, separating the National from "Evergreen Cemetery," is of wrought iron 136 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. rails, supported by cast iron posts, securely imbedded. A substantial and ornamental iron fence, with ample gate-ways, fronts and completes the^enclos- ure. Its pillars bear the names of all the participating States, with the National emblem conspicuously displayed. Immediately at the right of the entrance stands the gate-house, or keeper's lodge, built of stone, but in my judgment, inadequate to the purpose. I am happy to add, however, that at our recent annual meeting, such modification was directed as will secure a much better adaptation. Re-interment has been finished. All the graves are uniformly graded. The granite head-stones of equal dimensions — nine inches above ground, with an upper surface width of ten inches, upon which the name and rank of each of the dead, neatly cut and colored to be readily read, form continuous semi-cir- cular lines of granite blocks, broken only by the division walks separating the respective State lots. Additional to this, each State lot has at its front center a conspicuous slab bearing the State inscription. The lots holding the "un- known" dead are maiked by corner stones and tablets, upon which are noted the number buried. It will be remembered that the burial ground is arranged in semi-circular form, in the center of which is to stand the monument, with all the State-dividing walks converging to the monumental center. The main encompassing avenue of the cemetery has been macadamized to a depth of ten inches, and the foot walks suitably graveled. The surface of the graves and unoccupied grounds are well seeded down, and the growth of grass is to be kept by frequent clippings, of short, uniform height. Decorative trees and shrubbery have been planted in isolated and clustered disposition, while interspersing lawns, enhancing in their quiet beauty, by spreading and extending growth of trees, will contribute solemnity to the gen- eral harmony of landscape effect. The cemetery contains 3,559 bodies, of which 979 are in the "unknown" lots, and 3,580 identified are lying in the State lots. Numerically, Michigan stands third in the number slain; and proportionably to population she raiilvs first in this sacrifice to be made memorable forever by a Nation's gratitude. The work contemplated is substantially completed, the monument being under contract. Its foundation is already deeply and firmly laid. The corner stone, with imposing military and civic ceremonies, was formally laid on the National anniversary, July 4th, 1865. It was most gratifying to witness Mich- igan's interest in this solemn trust, by the personal participation upon that eventful day, of his Excellency, Governor Henry H. Crapo, aided by his Adju- tant General, John Kobertson, and special Marshal, Captain A. X. Gary. Invitations had been extended, through the commissioners, to the several States to prepare and deposit in the corner stone, such emblematic relics as they might elect. Michigan, it gives me great pleasure to say, was unparal- leled in her response. In truth, several of the States, fairly outdone by her, solicited the privilege of adding to what seemed comparatively their meagre contribution. Our State fairly owes an acknowledgement to your efficient Adjutant General foi' a large share of merit in the preparation of her creditable dei^osit. Very fitly may the following initial list of tiie articles thus deposited be a})pended, for the inspection of the citizens of a State noted lor her lively interest in all the hallowed places and associations of the Nation's noble dead: Silver medallion, with State coat of arms on one side, and on the Other the number of soldiers furnished by Michigan for the war (91,193), with this MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ' 137 ineoription : ''In honor of tlie 90,048 Michigan soldiers who aided in perpetu- ating American Liberty, 18G1-18H5." The names, on parchment, of the Michigan oflficers and soldiers killed at GeKysburg, prepared by Hon, Thomas W Ferry, Commissioner for the State in the Board of Managers of tlie Gettysburg National Cemetery. List, on parchment, of Michigan regiments, companies, and batteries sent to the tiflii during tlie war, Ailjutant General's report, as far as published, 1861, 1862, 1863, full bound in leather, 2 vols, T\To commissions, such as have been issued by the State for cominissioned officers, Michigan resolutions on the state of the Union, February 2d, 1861. Proclamation of Governor Blair, April 16th, ISGl, First call for troops. Governor Blair's message at extra session. May, 1861, An act to pi'ovide a military force, approved May lOrh, 1861, Governor Blair's message at extra session, Jannarv 2d, ISQZ. Governor's Blair's message at regular session, January 7th, 1863. Governor Blair's message at extra session, January 19th, 1864. Governor Blair's message at legular session, January 4th, 1865. Governor Crapo's message at regular session, January 4th, 1865. Michigan resolutions on the state of the Union, March 18th, 1SG5. Proclamation of Governor Crapo, June 14th, 1865, welcoming the returning ti'oops — above documents bound in one volume. "Legislative Manual of Michigan." Contents as follows: Calendar, 1865-6-7. Constitution of the United States. Constitution of the State of Michiiran, Counties, cities, and townships in Michigan, with census of 1845- 50-54-60-64, Kepiesentative Districts of ilichigan, and the names of members of State Senate and House of ltej)resentatives for 1865. Soldiers' vote, 1864. '' State oflticers and deputies, and State military officers, 1865. Judicial circuits, with names and residences of judges. Federal officers of Michigan, 1865. Governois of Michigan Territory, from 1805 to include 1835. Governors and Lieutenant Governors of the State of Michigan, from 1835 to include 1865. Speakers of the House of Kepresentatives of the Legislature of Michigan, from 1835 to include 1865. United States Senators from Michigan, from 1836 to include 1865. Kepresentatives i*i Congress from Michigan, from 1836 to include 1865. The above are all contained in a small copper box, marked *' State of Michi- Lui, 18(55," which is 9x5x4. The finishing stroke to consu:umate the trust is a monument, which, as ocfore stated, is under contract, to be completed and erected iii two years IVom July 1st, 1866. The contractor is the distinguished artist, James G. Batter- son, of Hartford, Connecticut, wlio has given ample bonds for fullillment. In general architectuie the moiiunient will not materially differ from the photo- giaphic design already transmitted. The column will be of white American granite. Tlie statues, of Italian marble, to be modeled by our own celebrated sculptor, Kogers. The crowning figure will be so modified as to represent the 18 138 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Genius of American Liberty, holding in her left hand a sheathed sword, and on the right the wreath of victory aboat to be cast upon the victorioTis slain. Instead of bronze, as first intended, the statues upon the pedestal will be of marble, representing, respectively, War, Peace, History, and Industry. The pedestal will also be decorated laterally with emblematic groups. The front plinth will bear, in bronze, the United States coat of arms; and around the shaft will be cut 18 stars, suggestive of the represented States; and below these, and in front, "July 1, 2, 3, 3863 "—the memorial days on which their gallant sons battled for and won the decisive victory. In general dimensions the monument will be 23 feet square at base, and extreme height 00 feet, costing $47,600, of which 810,000 is already paid, and the balance payable in semi-annual installments. The approximate cost, originally estimated by the Executive Commit- tee for the entire work of the cemetery, exclusive of monument, was 867,000 To which may be added the cost of monument 47,500 Making a total of $114,500 The apportionment as made to the States in the ratio of their population, indicated by their representatiojj in Congress, was as follows: Maine |4,205 30 New Hampshire 2,523 18 Vermont 2,523 18 Massachusetts 8,410 60 Ehode Island 1,682 12 Connecticut 3,364 24 New York 26,072 86 New Jersey 4,205 30 Pennsylvania 20,185 44 Delaware 841 06 Maryland 4,205 30 West Virginia 2,523 IS Ohio 15,980 14 Indiana 9,251 66 Illinois 11^774 84 Michigan .• 5^046 36 Wisconsin 5,046 36 Minnesota 1,682 JJ Total $129,523 --4 The sum apportioned to Michigan was $5 046 36 The State appropriated in 18G4 83.500 00 The State appropriated in 1865 ._ 2,500 00 ^ total of 86,000 00 Kequisitions made upon the State were paid to the Treasurer of the Board, respectively, as follows : May 23d, 1864 $630 00 l September 23d, 1865 1260 00 Nbvember 29th, 1864 63182 April 24th, 1866.. 1*264 54 May30th,1865 1,260 00 ! ' ' ^^ Being the full amount of her apportionment $5,046 36 I would recommend that there be transplanted from the soil of Michigan to the cemetery a wiutu pine tree, as a living perennial emblem of the State. As comprehensively and briefly as the subject would admit, I have endeav- ored to sketch the history of this worthy trust, assumed by States, who felt it their special charge thus to consecrate the memory of heroic dead, fallen in behalf of all the States of the Republic. Were I to close here, violence won hi MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 13S> be done to the sad and painful associations which forcibly remind all that death is not confined to battle fields, however memorable. In tiie pro^jress of these- recounted labors, he who stood as the civil and military chief of the nation, battling for its life, and through the weary, disheartening years of sti-uggle,. never failing, but with courageous lieart and confiding purpose, guiding that nation to victory, has fallen a victim to the same treacherous foe that crim- soned a decisive battle field with the blood of heroic defenders. Abraham Lincoln is inseparably connected with the solemnities cousecrating the National Cemetery at Gettysburg. Honored by his distinguished presence, his participating words may well become a part of this record, for they caiv never be too often pondered : ADDRESS OF PKESIDENT LINCOLN AT THE CONSECEATION OF THE NATIONAL CEMETEEY AT GETTYSBURG, NOVEilBEK l^TH, 1863. "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition tiiat all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any na- tion so conceived or dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle lickl of that war. We are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting' place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might hve. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. "But in a larger sense we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The bravo men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power tu add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the livmg, rather, to be dedicated to the unluiisheti work that tliey have thus far so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remainuig before us— that from these honored duad we take increased devotion to the cause for which th(>y here gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that the dead shall not have died in vain — that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Impressed with a measureless national loss, the board at its next meeting following the assassination of the illustrious President, unanimously adopted the following testimonial of Michigan, and immediately thereafter adjourned in further token of lespect: " Whereas, In the rnysterious Providence of God, Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States, in the full tide of trust and power, has fallen by the hanil of an assassin; " An'l whereas. The National Cemetery committed to our trust, was by the presence and participation of President Lincohi, consecrated to the enduruig memory of the heroes who here fell in the defense of the Union, it seems befitting that this occasion of our first meeting following that tragic e\ent, should give some expression of the irreparable loss sustained by the nation; tht-refore " Resolved, That as a part of the people he loved so well, we deeply mourn the assas- sination of the able, faithful, puie, and patriotic President, whose martyrdom crowns with gloiy the many sacrifices offci cd ui)on the sluine of a restored nationahty, and we utterly condemn the fiendish malignity and complicity of rebel leaders, which, culminating in Presidential assassination, forever consigns the great southern rebellion and its abettors to lasting infamy. "Resolved, That to Abraliam Lincoln's native good sense, shrewd sagacity, exalted humanity, unswerving integrity, his rare combination of fixedness with pliancy, simplicity of manner and purity of purpose, based upon an unshaU(Mi faith in the ultimate tnunii)ii of truth and right, upheld by loyal arms, are we uidebted lor the suppression ol the rebellion and the deliverance of the nation. "Resolved, That in the emancipation of an oppres.sed race, he has given eflicacy to tlie princi|)le enunciated in the Declaration of Indepfiidence, proclaiming all races anij condi- tioiLs entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and history, as it declares Wash- ington tlie founder, will enroll Lincoln the savior of the repubhc. " Resolved, That we especially sympathize with the stricken houeebold, made desolate by inconsolable woe. 140 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. " Resolved, That in respect to the memory of a chief magistrate, canonized in the heart of universal liberty, we do now adjourn." ^ Mr. Ferry, iu closing his able aud elaborate report, says, in referring to the members of the Board of Commissioners: "The members have brouglit to their labors patriotic zeal and untiring energy. It will, however, matter little who were immediately instrumental in devising and developing the sacred memorial which is to hand down to future generations the lustrous record of patriots who prized country above life. " They will be forgotten, while shaft and speecli and song shall tell of battle and heroism to ages yet unborn. The decisive contest — tlie turning strife of the war, from which victory, leaping from field to field, eventuated in peace, National liberty, and reunion — this, this alone, will be the enduring, emblazon- ing chaplet wliich time shall weave for the gallant heroes who sleep beneath the shadow of the Nation's mausoleum at Gettysburg." In 1867 the Legislature appropriated 3,344.88 as the proportion of the State for the purchase, preparation, and care of the Antietam National Cemetery at Sharpsburg, Md., where rest 37 of Michigan's heroic dead. The Hon. John J. Bagley was aj)poiuted by the Goveinor as trustee to represent the State in the corporation formed for the management of the matter. In both of these cemeteries most favorable locations were secured as burial places by the gentlemen named, while every duty confided to them has been most faithfully executed. The General Government, througli the Quartermaster's Department, has made most creditable and praiseworthy efforts to gather together, with much care, the remains of the Union soldiers who fell in battle as well as those who died of wounds and disease in hospitals, iu rebel prison, or by the wayside, into the "National Cemeteries," as conten)plated by the War Department. With great labor and continuous kindly care the graves have been prepared and marked, as far as practicable, with tablets, giving name, company, and regiment. These cities of the dead have been substantially enclosed, the grounds laid out and beautified, and persons appointed to protect them from being disturbed or desecrated. The most noted of rebel prison pens was Andersonville, Ga., associated as it is with the most inhuman barbarities ever committed by any savage or civilized ))eople, intentionally and systematically perpetrated, resulting in death in all its forms. "A writer in the "Hartford Courant" says of this infernal place, invented and constructed with the design of destroying the lives of Union prisoners of war, and alas! alas! too fully accomi)lishing its most hellish jjurpose: "The stockade was erected in the midst of a ])iinieval i)ine forest. The heavy logs were placed u})right, close together, standing fjom 15 to 18 Uet above the ground, to make the inclosure. Within it every tree and shrub was MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 141 cut down. Not a tent was fui nished ; a few soldiers only carried in with then) old blankets that were not considered worth seizing. The great forest stood almost near enough to shade them. There were men of all trades in that pen. Everybody knows how quickly and neatly soldiers housed theni>elves in their own camps when they had time. These men would have gladly built shelter of some sort, or even handsome barracks. It was only necessary to take out a few at a time under guard and let them cut and hew. Yet, from five to 35.000 men were there under the blazing sun of a Georgia summer, siiadeless and houseless, drinking from the stream thji,t trickled through their filth, and lying upon the bare, open ground, or crawling into the burrows they dug. The bloodhounds to track the fugivives were housed just outside. Who can"explain away the fact that the men would gladly have built themselves a shelter, but were now refused the privilege. The writer of this paragraph received in March, 1865, at Wilmington, N. C, 9,000 Union prisoners who had been in Salisbury, Florence, Millen, and Andersonville. He saw theu), conversed with them, provided hospital attendance for a shorter or longer time for 3,000 or 4,000 of them, and buried them by scores and hundreds. To say that they had been treated as well as possible, to say that they had not been neglected and brutally misused to a degree that amounted to murder, is an iufamo°u8 and damnable falsehood." At this place a beautiful cemetery has been completed, containing nearly thirteen thousand graves of Union soldiers. Michigan gave to this sacritice six hundred and twenty-three braves, who, sooner than accept the standing proposition to enter the rebel ranks and disown their State and fight against their country, became victims of the horrid ordeal, suffering death by suirva- tion, extreme exposure, and every conceivable iniliction of brutal cruelty at the hands of rebel officials, with the full knowledge and sanction of the Rich- mond authorities. " Rest on embalmed and sainted dead, Dear as the blood ye gave; No impious footprints here shall tread The herbage of your grave; Nor shall your glory be forgot While Fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot Where valor proudly sleeps." In this as well as all other National cemeteries, proper records have been made of those buried in each, bound in printed volumes, copies of which have been furnished to the various States. The main entrance to this cemetery is on the west side, bur visitors usually enter at the south gate. East of this gate is the inscription, "National Cemetery at Andersonville." On the west side : " On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread, And glor>' guards with solemn round The bivouac of the dead." 1^2 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. A third of the way down the road is the following: " Whether in the prison drear, Or ill the battle's van, The fittest piace for man to die, Is where he dies for man." And opposite The hopes, the fears, the blood, the tears That mark the bitter strife, Arc now all crowned by victory That saved the nation's life." Further down stands: " Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall return unto God who made it." And Its companion : " A thousand battle fields have drank The blood of warriors brave, And countless homes are dark and drear Through the land they died to save." Last of all is : " Through the rebellion's horrors, Bright shines our nation's fame, Our gallant soldiers, perishing. Have won a deathless name." Captain James M. Moore, Assistant Quartermaster U. S. A., who was sent by the Government in July, 18(35, to mark the graves for future identification, and also to enclose the cemetery, under date of September 20th, 1865, describes Ihe place and his work as follows: "At the different stations along the route the object of the expedition was ■well known, and not unfrequently men wearing the garb of rebel soldiers would ■enter the cars and discuss the treatment of our prisoners at Andersonville ; all of whom candidly admitted it was shameful, and a blot on the escutcheon of the soutii that years would not efface. "On the morning of the 2Gth of July the work of identifying the graves, painting and lettering of head-boards, laying out walks, and enclosing the cemetery was commenced, and on the evening of August 16th was completed. "The dead were found buried in trenches on a site selected by tlie rebels, about three hundred yards from the stockade. The trenches varied in length from lifty to one hundred and fifty yards. The bodies in the trenches were /rom two to three feet below the surface, and in several instances where the rains had washed away the earth, but a few inches. Additional earth was, howuvt-r, thrown upon tlie graves, making them of a still greater depth. So were tiiey buried, wiiliout collins or the ordinary clothing to cover their nakedness, that no more than twelve inciies were allowed to each man; indeed, MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 143 the little tablets marking their resting places, measuring hardly ten inches in width, almost touched each other. "United States soldiers, while prisoners at Andersoiiville, had been detailed to inter their companions, and by a simple stake at the head of each grave, which bore a number corresponding with a similar numbered name upon the Andersouville hospital record, I was enabled to identify and mark witli a neat tablet, simihir to those in the cemeteries at Washington, the number, name, rank, regiuient, company, and date of death of twelve thousand four hundred and sixiy-one graves, there being but four hundred and fifty-one that bore the sad inscription, ' Unknown U. S. Soldiers.' "One hundred and twenty thousand feet of pine lumber were used in these tablets alone. "The cemetery contains fifty acres, and has been divided by one main ave- nue running through the center and subdivided into blocks and sections in such a manner that with the aid of the record, which 1 am now having copied for the Superintendent, the visitors will experience no difficulty in finding any grave. "Appropriate inscriptions are placed through the ground, and I have endeavored, as far as my facilities would permit, to transfer this wild, unmarked, and unhonored graveyard into a fit place of interment for the Isation's gallani dead. At the entrance gate, the words 'National Cemetery, Andersouville, Ga.,' designate this city of the dead. ^ "On the morning of the 17th of August, (18G5), at sunrise, the Stars and Stripes were hoisted in the center of the cemetery, when a National salute was fired and several National songs sung by those present. '• Andeisonville is situated on the Southwestern Railroad, sixty miles from Macon.^ There is but one house in the place, except those erected by the so- called Confederate Government as hospitals, officers' quarters, and commissary and quartermaster's buildings. It was formerly known as Anderson, but since the war the "ville" has been added. "The country is covered mostly with pines and hemlocks, and the soil is sandy. ********** "It is said to be the most unhealthy part of Georgia, and was probably selected as a depot for prisoners on that account. At mid-day the tlier- mometer in the shade reaches frequently one hundred and ten degrees, and in the sun the heat is almost unbearable. ********** "The noted prison pen is fifteen hundred and forty feet long, and seven nundred and fifty feet wide, and contains twenty-seven acres. The dead line IS seventeen feet from the stockade, and the sentry boxes are thirty yaixls apart. The inside stockade is eighteen feet high, tiie outer one twelve feet, and the distance between the two is one hundred and twenty-feet. "Nothing has been destroyed; as our exhausted, emaciated, and enfeebled soldiers left it, so it stands to-day, as a monument to an inhumanity unparal- leled in the annals of war. " How men could survive as well as they did in this pen, exposed to the rays of an almost tropical sun by day and drenching dews by night, without the slightest covering, is wonderful. "The ground is filled with holes where they had burrowed in their efforts to shield themselves from the weather, and many a poor fellow, in endeavoring to i)rotect himself m this manner, was smothered to death by the earth falling in upon him. * 144 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. "The stories told of the sufferings of our men while prisoners here have been substantiated by hundreds, and the sceptic who will visit Andersonville even now and examine the stockade, with its black, oozy mud, the cramped and wretched burrows, the dead line and the slaughter house, must be a callous observer, indeed, if he is not convinced that the miseries depicted of this pr.'-ou pen are no exaggerations." ********** " They rose in dark and evil days To rigiit their native land; They Ivindled here a living blaze Tiiat nothing shall withstand. " Then here's their memory— may it be For us a guiding light, To cheer our strife for liberty, And teach us to do right." It may here be stated that both o"fticers nnd enlisted men of Michigan troops were selected to execute many important duties m various capacities aside from service in the field, among which may be named that most sacred trust of caring for the union dead. The subject of laying out and constructing National cemeteries in the depart- ment of the Cumberland, came under the direction of Major General George H. Thomas, commanding, and General Thomas Swoi'ds, Assistant Quarter- master General, U. S. A., and that important duty was placed in charge of Colonel E. B. Whitman, Quartermaster's department, who selected several otticers to aid in that great, benevolent work, among whom were Chaplains Earnshaw and Van Home, U. S. Volunteers, with Captain L. B. Fish, 3d Ohio Cavalry, William A. Gavitt, late private 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechan- ies, and James C. Wheeler, late private 18th Michigan Infantry, as assistants. Colonel Wliitnian and Captain Fish, with Gavett, made a tour of inspection of the battle fields in the department, embracing Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Misaifisippi, and Georgia, including Andersonville, locating the various ceme- teries and putting men at work on each. Wheeler was made assistant to Chaplain Van Home at Chattanooga, and was 8oon after placed in full charge of building that great work. Ciiaplain Earn- shaw commenced building the cemetery at Nashville, and Captain Fish was j)laced in charge of building those at Shiloh and Donelson. Gavett was, by order of General Thomas, placed in charge of locating and building the ceme- tery at Mill Spring, Kentucky, and when that was well under way he was ordered in charge of the entire work of laying out and constructing that at Camp Mi.'lsi)n, Kentucky, and next at Nashville and IStone Kiver, Tennessee. For llietjo valuable services, for which they received high commendation, Wheeler ami (Javett were paid as captains of cavalry. During their service Wheeler superintended the interment of about 5iO,000 uniiiii (lead ; while IJ'^.Odl,' were interred uiuler the direction of Gavett. REBEL RAID FROM CANADA. Canada during the war was a convenient rendezvous for rebel refugees and marauders, who there found a cheerful welcome, congenial companions, sym- pathizing friends, and a safe asylum. But they were not content to remain in peace, consequently the State of Michigan, being on the Canadian border, was continually threatened with invasion by these rebels who were encouraged to raid by the Confederate government at Kichmond, while many of them having been sent there under pay for that purpose, were led by its commissioned emissaries in their undertakings, in which they received a hearty encourage- ment from a very large class of the Canadian people, who seemed to be ever ready to incite and assist rebels, when they thought it advisable to make incur- sions into border States, to pillage, burn, and otherwise destroy. The force in the State during the time of these threatened raids on which reliance was placed to defend its borders against any hostile demonstration con- sisted of six companies of the 2d regiment veteran reserve corps, three compa- nies of State troops, the "Scott Guard," "Detroit Light Guard," and "Lyon Guard," with a section of light artillery, fully equipped and supplied with suitable ammunition ; and in addition there were five hundred stands of arms in the State Armory at Detroit, with complete equipments, and abundance of ammunition at all times in readiness for distribution to citizens, with whom there was an understanding and an arrangement to assist in repelling any attack that might be made upon the city or along the river in the vicinity. There was also a small force guarding the arsenal at Dearborn, in which was stored about thirty-five thousand stand of arms. To guard against any attack or landing being made by steamers or vessels from the Canadian side with a hostile intention, several armed steam tugs were employed by the Government in patroling the river at various points. In the Adjutant General's report for 1864 is found the following account of a raid made in September of that year, and which is illustrative of the condi- tion of affairs in this respect on the frontier about that time. "In November, J 863, the War Department was officially notified by the British Minister, Lord Lyons, that from a telegraphic dispatch received by him from the Governor General of Canada, there was reason to believe that a 19 146 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. plot ^as on foot, by persons hostile to the United States who had found an a V urn in Canada/to invade the States on that frontier; that they proposed to\ ke posses ;n of some of the steamers on Lake Erie, to surprise Jo^.nson'8 sland! near Sandusky, and set free the rebel prisoners of war confined there, and proceed with them to attack Buiialo. This information was communi- cated b? he War Department to the Governors of the States bordering on Canada, and to the military and civil authorities thereof, and urging them to employ all the means in their power to suppress any attempt to carry the plot into effect That there was such a scheme on foot, and that it was concocied and put in operation in Canada by the rebel government, there can be no doubt as circumstances have transpired and documentary evidence received during the past year fullv confirming it, and that its execution was only pre- vented at that time by the prompt measures taken by the military authorities iu the States referred to, and although their plans were frustrated, their deter- mination was still to carry them into effect, and their execution was only deferred until a more favorable opportunity. During the present year the United States military officers, and also the civil and military authorities of the State, have been almost daily in the receipt of rumors and reports from various sources of contemplated raids to be made on American frontier cities and on the shipping of the lakes to burn and destroy, many of which could not be traced to any reliable origin, yet they served to keep up a continual state of excitement and alarm in the cities and villages on the border of the State, and to require the vigilant attention of the authorities, and all tlie preparations within their power to successfully meet any attempted invasion of the State were made, which were considered at the time ample to repel any force that might be expected of that description. Yet, notwithstanding, there was a dis- tru"st and a nervous foreboding of coming mischief among the people of the frontier cities and villages. This distrust also prevailed among the railroad agencies and those engaged in the shipping on the lakes, which led to the arming of the community generally as individuals, and of railroad trains and lake and river steamers, and to the establishing of safeguards about private dwellings, public places of business, and railroad depots. This condition of affairs continued, no overt act having been committed, and no visible combi- nation of force having been traced to any locality until the 19th day of Sep- tember, 18G4, when tliey concluded to make the attempt by seizing the steamer Philo Parsons, belonging to Detroit, and running as a passenger boat from that point to Sandusky, in the State of Ohio. On the morning of the day above lefened to, four of the raiders, including BennetGr. Burley, one of their apparent leaders, took passage on the said boat at Detroit. On her way down ilic Detroit river, on her pa^;sage to Sandusky, she landed at the Canadian porta of Sandwich and Amherstburg, where the balance of the raiders got on board, the wliole, as has since been ascertained, numbering about thirty. "Tlio following condensed depositions of W. 0. Ashley and D. C. Nichols, belouiimg to the Bteamer, taken as evidence on the extradition trial of Burley, ut Toronto, in Canada, give a full account of the occurrences on board the Piulo PaiHoiis during the time the raiders held possession of her: " Tln'ho (l««poHitl()ii8hli()\vcd that tho steamboat ' Philo Parsons' was owned by theinform- ftiit Ablilcy, and uLhcr ritizeiib uf iho United atatos; tliat this vessel was a licensed passen- ger iiud Irelnht bi)at, tuid was plying between the city of Detroit, in the State ot JSlicbi- Kun, aud tho city of Sandusky, in the State of Ohio, and was accustomed to touch in this loulv at tho Canadian port of Andierbtbur^;, and occasionally at Sandwich, and some- Uujobut Wlndbor, Canada. Ashley was clerk on buard the steamer. On Sunday evening, the MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 147 18th of September, 1864, she was lymg at the city of Detroit, and the prisoner (Burley) came ©n board and said to Ashley that he intended to go down in the morning, and that three of his friends were going with him, and requested that the boat might stop at Sandwich to talve them. Ashley told the prisoner that if he took the boat at Detroit, and his partj- were ready, the boat would call for them at Sandwich. The prisoner came on board the next morning, and remmded Ashley of his promise. The boat was stopped at Sand- wich, and three persons came on board, without baggage or freight. They were well dressed, in the 'Canadian style.' The prisoner said his friends were taking a pleasui-e trip, and would probably stop at Kelly's Island. At Amherstburg twenty men or more came on board, roughly dressed, and paid their fare to Sandusky. The only baggage taken on board at Amhertsburg was a large old trunk, tied with a cord. In the ordinary course the steamer should have reached Sandusky about 5 P. M. Neither the prisoner nor his three friends apparently recognized the men who came on board at Amherstburg. The boat reached Kelly's Island about 4 P. M., and proceeded south from the island" toward Sandusky, Kelly's Island being in the State of Ohio, and and about five miles from the main shore of the United States. After proceeding about two miles, three men came up to .\shley, drawing revolvers, saying he was a dead man if he offered resistance. Two of them, as Asliley thought, came on board at Sandwich. At this time the prisoner came for^vard with a revolver in his hand, followed by from twenty-eight to thirty-five men, and leveled the revolver at Ashley, ordering him into the ladies' cabin, where Ashley immediately went, and from which he saw these parties arm themselves from the trunk brought on board at Amherstburg, most of them having two revolvers, and some having hatchets. The prisoner ordered a sulky and some pig iron, which was on deck, to be thrown overboard, which was partly done. Two men guarded Ashley, and they told him they intended to capture the United States steamer ' Michigan,' a war vessel. The pris- oner acted as one having authority. His commands were obeyed. Another steamer, called the ' Island Queen,' was siezed by the same party, at Middle Bass Island, and the passengers were brought as prisoners on board the 'Philo Parsons.' A person named Captain Bell was of the prisoner's party, and gave some orders. He told Ashley he wanted him iu the office. Ashley went there with him and the prisoner. Ashley requested permission to take off the boat's books. They refused. Ashley then said he had some private promissory notes, amounting to about two thousand dollars. The prisoner took them, looked at them, and said he could not collect them, and returned them to Ashley. Bell then said to Ashley: 'We want your money.' He and the prisoners then had revol- vers in their hands. Ashley swore he was in bodily fear, but did not consider his hfe in danger if he did their bidding. He opened the money drawer. There was very little money there. The prisoner then said: ' You have got more money; let us have it.' Ashley took a roll of bills from his vest pocket and laid it on the desk. Bell took part and the prisoner took part, and they took the money m the drawer (about ^10) between them. In In the roll of bills taken by them there was a twenty-dollar note of the United States, commonly called greenbacks, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. It was in use as lawful current money of the United States at the time. It was legal tender for twenty dollars, and was the property of the owners of the boat. The prisoner took this monev, as Ashley swore, against his (Ashley's) will. He was put in bodily fear and danger of his life at the time. Directly after the money was taken Ashley was put on shore at Middle Bass Island, by the prisoner and Bell, and the boat steered for Sandusky, with the Island Queen alongside, which last boat was cast adrift in about half an hour. Some of the party said they intended to release the prisoners on Johnson's Island, which is in the State of Ohio, about two miles from Sandusky. The ' Michigan ' was lying off Johnson's Island, supposed to guard it. There are about three thousand prisoners of war there, soldiers of the Con- federate States. Ashley stated there was a rebellion going on by the Southern States. He could not tell how many States. Captain Bell appeared to be in command of the party on board of thn ' Philo Parsons.' He did not say in Ashley's hearing he was in any service, nor for what purpose he took the boat. There were about twenty-five United States soldiers on board the Island Queen, who were captured. The passengers were not pre- vented from taking their baggage. Nichols confirmed Ashley's testimony in most of the material particulars. He said that Bell came to him m the pilot house, and said he was a Confederate officer, and siezed the boat, and took him (Nichols) a prisoner. But he also said the prisoner seemed to be the leader of them. He did not see the money taken. He heard the prisoner say, when the Island Queen was set adrift, that they had cut her pipes so that she would sink. They had taken every person from on board of her. After- wards the ' Philo Parsons ' was steered back towards Detroit. Before this, however. It seems that some of the passengers who were made prisoners were put on shore, on the American territory. When, on the return, they had reached the mouth of the Detroit river, some of the party asked Nichols where they were, and he told them ' in Canadian waters,' and some of them said it was well for some of the vessels near them, or they 148 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. would board them; and they inquli-ed if a certain banker did not live at Gross Isle, In the Detroit river, and being told by Nichols that one Ives lived there, they replied if it had not been so late they would go and rob bim. A short distance above Amherstburg two men landed in a boat' on the Canadian side. At Fighting Island Nichols and others, part of the crews of the ' Philo Parsons ' and ' Island Queen ' were put on shore, and the boat pro- ceeded to Sandwich. Nichols followed her, and in two hours got to Sandwich, and found her there deserted by the whole party, and a piano forte, a mirror, and some other articles of furniture belonging to the boat had been landed. Some of Nichols's clothing was also taken away. One' of the party wore Nichols's India rubber coat. The male passengers who were taken were, before they were landed, sworn to keep sUent as to the transaction for twenty-four hours. The females were asked to promise to do so, but it was not said in Nichols's hearing why this was done. When the ' Island Queen ' was cast adrift, they were about fourteen miles from Johnson's Island, as the boat would have gone. When coming up the Detroit river, some of the party said they had not made much by coming- down. They had intended to take the ' Michigan ' if they could. They had a Confederate Hair, and compelled Nichols to assist in raising it on the 'Philo Parsons,' when the boat was on Lake Erie, returning toward the Detroit river. It was put about half way up the flag staff." The complicity of the rebel Government, with its agents, sympathizers, and refugees in Canada, in November, 1863, in concocting a raid on the territory of the United States, is apparent from the date of the following appointment, given by JeliVrsuii Davis to Burley, on the 11th day of September of that year, he, undoubtedly, being one of the naval officers mentioned in the report of the rebel secretary of war as having been sent into the British Provinces with a huge number of commissioned and petty officers, to organize an expedition against "Johnson's Island" during tlie fall of the year referred to. That the expedition on board the "Philo Paisons," in September, 1864, was ordered by the rebel Government there can be no doubt, if credence is given to the following "manifesto" of Jefferson Davis, produced on the extra- dition trial of Burley before the Canadian court at Toronto, as proof that the acts of said Burley, in connection with that expedition, were performed in obedience to tlie instructions of the rebel Government, and that he should be treated us a belligerent, and not as a pirate and robber: "Confederate States of America, ) "Navy Department, Richmond, Scpteviber 11th, 1863. \ "Siu — You are hereby informed that the President has appointed you au acting nuLsier in the navy of the Confederate States. You are requested to Bignily your acceptance or non-acceptance of this appointment; and should yuu accept, you are to sign, before a magistrate, the oath of office herewith forwarded, and forward the same, with your letter of acceptance, to this dcpartinunU Ilegistered No. . The lowest number takes rank. "S. R. MALLORY, ^'Secretary of Navy. "Acting Master Bennet G. Buklry, " C. 8. Navy, Richmond, Fa." On thia waa tlie following endorsement: "Confederate States OF America, \ "Richmond, 22d Decejnber, 1864. \ " I certify that the reverse of this jiage represents a true copy of the warrant MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 149 granted to Bennet G. Buiiey, as acting ma-ter in the navy of the Confederate States, from the records of this department. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of tliis department, on the day and year above written. "S. R. MALLORY, *' Secretary of JVuvy," [l. s.J [MANIFESTO.] CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. ** Whereas, It has been made known to me that Bennet G. Burley, an acting master in the navy of the Confederate States, is now under arrest in one of the British North American provinces, on an application made by the Govern- ment of the United States for the delivery to that Government of the said Bennet G. Burley, under the treaty known as the Extradition Treaty, now in iorce between the United States and Great Britain; and " Whereas, It has been represented to me that the demand for the extra- ■dition of the said Bennet G. Burley is based on the charge that the said Burley is a fugitive from justice, charged with having committed the crimes of rob- bery and piracy in the jurisdiction of the United States; and " Whereas, It has fuither been made known to me that the accusations and ■charges made against the said Bennet G. Burley are based solely on tlie acts and conduct of the said Burley, in an enterprise or expedition made or attempted in the month of September last (1864), for the capture of the steamer 'Michigan,' an armed vessel of the United States, navigating the lakes on the boundary between the United States and the British North Amer- ican provinces, and for the release of numerous citizens of the Confederate States, held as prisoners of war by the United States at a certain island called Johnson's Island ; and "Whereas, The said enterprise or expedition for the capture of the said armed steamer 'Michigan,' and for the release of the said prisoners on John- sou's Island, was a proper and legitimate belligerent operation, undertaken during the pending public war between the two Cojifederacies, known respect- ively as the Confederate States of America and the United States of America, Afhich operation was ordered and sanctioned by the authority of the Govern- ment of the Confederate States, and confided to its commissioned officers for execution, among wiiich officers is the said Bennet G. Burley; "Now, therefore, I, Jelferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America, do hereby declare and make known to all whom it may concern, that the expedition aforesaid, undertaken in the month of September last, for tlie capture of the armed steamer 'Michigan,' a vessel of war of the United States, and for the release of the prisoners of war, citizens of the Confederate Stales of America, held captive by the United States of America, at Johnson's Island, was a belligerent expedition, ordered and undertaken under the author- ity of the Confederate States of America, against the United States of Amer- ica, and that the Government of the Confederate States of America assumes the responsibility of answering for the acts and conduct of any of its officers -engaged in said expedition, and especially of the said Bennet G. Burley, an acting master in the navy of the Confederate States. "And I do further made known to all whom it may concern, that in the 150 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. orders and instruction given to the officers engaged in said expedition, they were especially directed and enjoined to 'abstain from violating any of the laws and regulations of the Canadian or British authorities in relation to neutrality,' and that the combination necessary to effect the purpose-'.of said expedition must be made by Confederate soldiers and such assistance as they might (you may) draw from the enemy's country. "In testimony whereof, I have signed this manifesto, and directed the same to be sealed witli the seal of the Department of State of the Confederate States- of America, and to be made public. •' Done at the city of Richmond, on this 24th day of December, 1864. ''JEFFERSON DAVIS. "By the President: "J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of Stated The following correspondence will show that the military authoritias of thi& State were fully aware of the movements and intentions of the raiders to- attempt an attack on Johnson's Island, and that the commander of the- steamer Michigan received early information in relation thereto. The mili- tary officers at Sandusky were also put on the alert, and a reinforcement, con- sisting of artillery and infantry, had been promptly ordered there from Cincinnati, which ensured the security of the rebel prisoners against any possibility of rescue: (1) [Telegram.] Deteoit, Septemler 17th, 1864. To Captain J. C. Carter, Commanding U. iS. Steamer Michigan, Sanduaky^ Ohio : It is reported to me that some of the officers and men of your steamer have heon tampered with, and that a party of rebel refugees leave Windsor to-mor- row with the expectation of getting possession of your steamer. B. H. HILL, Lieut. Col. U. S. A., Military Covimaiider.. (l) [Telegram.l Detroit, Mich., September 19 th, 1864, To Captain J. C. Carter, U. S. Navy, U. S. Steamer Michigan, Sandusky, Ohio, It is 8rti(i the parties will embark to-day, at Maiden, on board the "Philo I'ursoiiB," and will seize either that steamer or another running from Kelly's 1-lund. Since my last dis{)atch, am again assured that officers and men have bucn bought by a man named Cole. A few meu to be introduced on board under guiao of friends of officers. An officer named Eddy to be drugged. Both Commander Gardner and uiysi'lf louk upon the matter as serious. B. H. HILL, Lieut. Col U. S. A., A. A. P. M. General MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 151 (8) [Telegram."] U. S. Steamer Michigan, | Off Johnson's Island, 0., > September 18th, 1864, via Sandu.-'ky. ) To Lieut. Col. B. TT. Hill. U. S. A., Military Commander, Detroit, Mich.: Tluiiiks 1(11 3uur Uispalch. All ready. Caunot be true in relation to the officers or uien. JOHN C. CARTER, Commander U. S. iV. (4) [Telegram.] Sandusky, 0., September 19th, 1864. Colonel B. H. Hill, Detroit: Your dispatch of 19th received. I have Cole, and a fair prospect of bag- ging the party. J. C. CARTER, Commander U. S. N. Office Military Commander, ) DisTiiiGT OF Michigan, > Detroit, September 21st, 1864. ) Major C. H. Potter, Acting Adjutant General, Columii(.'<, Ohio: Sir: — I have the honor to inform you that on Saturday night last, 17th instant, a person called upon me at my hotel, and introduced himself to me as having been for several years a rebel soldier, and recently a refugee in Canada. He informed me tluit some of the officers and men of the U. S. steamer Michigan had been tampered with, and that it was the intention of ihe rebel agent at Windsor, Jacob Thompson, late Secretary of the Interior under Presi- dent Buchanan's administration, to send a party from Windsor, who, with the assistance of the officers and men, would endeavor to get possession of the steamer. He said that he had been approached to form one of tlie party, and had consented to do so, and that he would receive more particular information on the next morning, when the party would leave for Maiden. He said that with the possession of the steamer Michigan, they would have control of the lakes for a couple of months, and would lay contributions on all the lake cities, and had offered very large inducements to the officers and men of the steamer. He stated that after obtaining full information on Sunday morning, he would fail to join the party, and would see me again on Sunday evening. The statement of the man and his earnestness made some impression on me, and I telegraphed to Captain J. C. Carter, commanding officer of the steamer Michigan, that night, and I enclose a copy marked "1," and his reply marked On Sunday evening, 18th instant, my informant again crossed the river and saw me. He reported that he had agreed to join the party, and had obtained all the information he could, but at the last moment he had failed them. He said that the party were to take passage on board the steamer Philo Parsons, at Maiden, and would get possession of her before reaching Sandusky ; that cer- tain officers and men of the steamer Michigan had been tampered with by a man nanied Cole, and that an officer of the steamer, named Eddy, could not be Itought, and that the intention was to drug him and others. 188 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. My informant though-t that the captain of the steamer Philo Parsons had also been bought, and if he received any hint on the subject he would give information, and he himself would be compromised. I went down to the steamer Philo Parsons the next morning at 6 A. M. and saw her. She was too small to be of any danger if taken by the persons, and after mature consideration I came to the conclusion that it would be better to let the steamer go, and place Captain Carter on his guard in a way that would make an impression on him, so that the whole party could be taken. See my telegram marked "3," and his reply marked "4." These plots are being constantly made here. We had the information about this one, and the question was whether it would not be better to let the steamer go and adopt measures to secure her capture, and make an example in this case. On Tuesday last the Philo Parsons arrived at Sandwich in the possession of some eighteen men, who had taken passage in her at Maiden the day before. It seems that after taking possession of her the piratical party seized and sunk a small steamer named the Island Queen, both occurrences taking place in the waters of the State of Ohio. They then proceeded to within four miles of Sandusky, and not probably seeing signals that had been agreed upon, or receiving any assistance that was probably expected from Sandusky, returned to Detroit river and proceeded to Sandwich, C, W., where they plundered the steamer and cut her pi[)es to sink her, and abandoned her. The steamer was, however, lecovered by her owners in a damaged condition, half full of water, and brought to this side of the river. It seems that my telegrams to Captain Carter led to the arrest of Cole, who made some disclosures that caused the arrest of other parties in Sandusky, the particulars of which will be doubtless communicated to the commanding olBcer there. It was unfortunate that Captain Carter did not proceed to meet the Philo Parsons, as the whole party could have been ca})tured ; but there have been so many rumors and reports here of rebel plots tiiat it is hard to discriminate between those having some reality and those purely fabrications. In this case had I placed soldiers on board, whom I could not spare at this time, or defend in any way the departure of the steamer, suspicions of the conspirators would have been aroused, and the matter deferred to a time when we would have had uo intimation of it. As the case now stands, the rebel agent in Canada, resid- ing in Sundwici), Colonel Jacob Thompson, has organized an expedition in Canatl a to seize American steamers. The steamers Philo Parsons ajid Island Queen were seized, and the latter sunk in American waters; the Philo Parsons plundeied while lying in British waters, off the town of Sandwich, an attempt made to sink her, and the persons employed in these acts are now residing in Can:i(iii uinier the protection of the British Government. Tlie United Stales Attorney has addressed a communication to our Consul at Windsor to call ujwn the authorities to arrest the jiersons committing these outrages, in anticip:U,ion of such a demand being made for their deliveiy, and afliduviis will be sent by him to the Secretary of State, and I had an interview thiH morning botli with hmi and Senator Howard, and everything is being adopied to phice ilie matter in proper legal shape before the Government and thu iiiiiish uiitliorities. Vory respectfully, your obedient servant, B. H. HILL, Lieut. Col. U. 6'. Artillery, Coinmanding Didrict, Mivhignn. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 153 Office Military Commander, District of Michigan, Detroit, September 2 2d, 1864. Brigadier Oen. James B. Fry, Provost Marshal General, Washington, D. C: General: — I have tlie honor to transmit herewith a copy of a report, with accompanying pajers, made to the As.~istant Adjutant General of the Northern Department, in rehition to the i)roposed aUemi)t to capture the U. S. steamer Michigan, and the late piratical acts of the rebel refugees in Canada. The information I communicated to Cnptain Carter, commanding U. S. steamer Michigan, doubtless led to the arrest of Cole and others, and exploded the plot. The person who gave me the information writes me this morning from Windsor, and states that he has seen several of the parties connected in the raid, and among others Dr- Smith, wlio told him all connected with the affair. He learns that the peison who was to have met them at Kelly Island failed to be there. This party was to have given the latest information and instructions. The steamer Pliilo Parsons went within two miles of the steamer Michigan, and it was seen with their night glasses that the Michigan had changed her position to one that commanded the whole island. My informant also writes me that he thinks Colonel Jacob Thompson and the entire party engaged in seizing the Pliilo Parsons have left Windsor. The jierson who gave me tlie information states that he has been some years in the rebel army; that \w has been wounded three times, but that owing to injustice done him by Mr. Benjamin, Acting Secretary of War, in not advanc- ing him, he had left the south, and now entertains the most bitter hostility to the southern cause. He gave me what he stated as his real name, and informed me that he had been a prominent politician in Arkansas and Kentucky, and had twice run for Congress. * * ♦ * * I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. H. HILL, Lieut. Col. U. S. A., A. A. P. M. General. A case was at once made up and carried to Toronto by the Hon. Alfred Russell, of Detroit, the U. S. Distiict Attorney for Michigan, for the extradi- tion of Burley. The matter was conducted with much ability, and his extra- dition was successfully accomplished in the face of much opposition existing in the Canadian Provinces. Following is a correspondence with Mr. Russel which gives the result of his case in a court held in the State of Ohio: Military Departm:knt Michigan, ) Adjutant General's Office, [- Lansing, October 16ih, 1880. ) Hon. Alfred Russell, Detroit: Dear Sir: — Af- you were U. S. District Attorney in the extradition case of Bennet G. Burley, claiming to be an Acting Master in the navy of the so-called Confederate States, charged with crime in connection with seizing the Ameri- can steamer '"Philo Parsons," on September llith, 1863, with a view to liber- ating the rebel prisoners confined on Johnson's Island, Lake Erie, and 20 154 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. afterwards sinking her, and committing other unlawful acts, will you please make such a statement as you see fit regarding the case, and the final decision therein. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, JNO. KOBERTSOlSr, Adjutant General Michigan. Detroit, October 18th, 1880. To John Robertson, Adjutant General Michigan, Lansing: Dear Sir: — I have your note of inquiry as to the termination of Bnrley's case. After I procured his extradition, it was found that the law creating such acts as his to be offenses triable in the U. S. courts, applied only to the high soas and not to the lakes. So it became necessary to try him under the State law of Ohio for robbery committed in that portion of the waters of Lake Erie which is included within the limits of Ottawa county. The trial took place at Port Clinton, the county seat. Mr. Koot, U. S. Attorney at Cleveland, and myself appeared for the prosecution, Sylvester Lamed, Esq., of Detroit, and Judge Runney, of Cleveland, for Burley. The court charged that the Con- federate States were belligerents, and that the commission of Jeff. Davis was entitled to be considered as making Burley's act an act of war, and that such act was not a private crime. The result was that the jury disagreed, and the prisoner was recommitted to the county jail to await another trial. Subsequently, through the aid of a class of persons then called '* Copper- heads," Burley broke jail and escaped to Scotland, his native country. His biography was afterwards published by John Lovell, bookseller, Montreal. I remain, dear General, vour obedient servant, ALFRED RUSSELL, Formerly TJ. S. District Atfy for Michigan. THE CAPTURE OF WILKES BOOTH. IMPRISONMENT AND TRIAL OF THE CONSPIRATORS. Michigan troops receive credit for many special acts in the field, and she claims others for some of her citizens and soldiers in connection with duties in the administration of justice in criminal affairs, among which, particularly, may be named the capture of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, and the trial, conviction, and execution of the other conspirators found guilty of conspiring to assassinate him and his cabinet. Regarding the capture of Booth, it may be stated that General L. C. Baker, a Michigan man (his father being an early pioneer of Clinton county), had been colonel of the 1st District of Columbia Cavalry, but which at the time of the assassination had been mustered out of service. Baker remaining as chief of the detective force at Washington, acting under the order? of the Secretary of War. At the time of the shooting of the President by Booth, in Ford's Theater, Washington, April 14th, 1865, General Baker and his cousin, L. B. Baker (now in the Auditor General's office at Lansing), who had served as a lieutenant in the cavalry referred to, and then serving in the detective force, were in New York city looking after bounty jumpers. Secretary Stan- ton telegraphed these two officers to come to Washington immediately. They arrived in Washington the morning of the third day after the terrible deed was committed. Cavalry had scoured the country in every direction for miles around Washington, and telegrams were sent over all the lines. General Baker gained all the information he could in regard to the route Booth and his accomplices would probably take, and concluded that they would go down the Potomac, taking in Surratsville, cross the river, and make their way to Richmond. He sent a telegraph operator and a detective down the river by boat to Port Tobacco and vicinity, with orders to tap the wires and let him know if there was any trace of the escaping fugitives. Near Chaj)pelle Point the detective found a negro, whom he brought to Washington, and who stated that he was positive he saw Booth and Harold, whom he knew well, cross the river in a fishing boat. At first the General discredited his statement, but on shoeing him several likenesses of the assassin and others, the colored man pointed out Booth and Harold as the men whom he saw. 156 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. An escort of 25 cavaliviuen of tke 16th N. Y., under Captain Dorherty, '.vere placed at Lieutenant Baker's command, who had orders to "bring Booth, dead or alive." At the request of Lieutenant 6aker, Lieutenant Colonel E. J. Conger, lately lieutenant colonel of the 1st District Ctjiuuibia Cavalry, a brother of Congressman 0. D. Conger, an ex]ierienced cavalry officer, wiio had just been mustered out of the U. S. service, was added to the party. Colonel Conger had raided the country in every direction, and was \ ihijible on account of his familiarity with the roads and for his undaunted coiirao-e and bravery. The party went on board the tug John S. Ide and steamed down to Belle Plain, near the mouth of Acquia creek. They landed ciijuut 10 o'clock at night, and at once commenced the search, which tliey con- tinued vigorously, moving rapidly from place to place, getting such slight iiifortuiition as they could force at the point of the revolver from parties wliom liiey mot, but sufficient to warrant the pursuit, which was followed across the Happahannock at the ferry near Foit Conway, and thence to what was known us the Garrett place. Theie they found Booth and Harold concealed in a barn, and demanded their suriender, wtiich Harold soon complied with, but Booth declined, thieatening to IJuhtaud defend himself with arms until death, wiiich necessitated the firing of the building, and while it was burning Booth was shot through a crevice in the back wall of the barn by Boston Coibett, a Sergeant of the cavaliy force-. Colonel Conger gave Corbett a stinging repri- mand and said to him, '* Why did you shoot without orders?" The sergeant saluted the colonel, and, with his right hand pointing upwards, replied, -'God Almighty directed me to shoot." Booth was carried to the dwelling house riear by, but lived only for a short time, and when death came the body was sewed up in a blanket, placed in a wagon, and the party started on their way to Washington, on reaching which the body was delivered to Secretary of War Stanton, who oidered it placed in the Navy Yard, when, ou being lully idenii- liod, it w;u5 buried in a grave dug under the stone floor of a cell iu one of the buildings. During the imprisonment and trial, in 1865, of the parties charged with conspiring to assassinate President Lincoln and his cabinet, Michigan officers held important trusts. General Hartranft being detached from the 9th Army <;y u student that is not there." INTRODUCTION. During the life of the republic, and especially during the war of the rebellion, the National flag has been gallantly defended, protected, and maintained, but perhaps never under such circumstances, or against such fearful odds, as was the flag of Sumter, and certainly never, while initiating an era, involving such momentous results. " We spiked the guns we left behind, and cut the flagstaff down — From its top should float no color, if it might not hold our own." From Fort Moultrie, in the darkness of the night, a little baud of heroes betake themselves to boats, bid farewell to their union home, and seek another in Charleston bay, reaching Sumter, long ere the dawn had come, and at noon, on their knees in prayer, they again fling to the breeze the stars and stripes of Moultrie. Many days this little band witnessed the frowning batter- ies arise all around them. At length the rebel work of preparation is complete ; they are summoned to surrender. Anderson replies, "Neither my sense of honor, nor my obligation to the government will permit me to comply." The flag that had been lowered with the coining on of night, is raised in the heavens. The posterns are closed. The men sit down in darkness to wait the coming shock. With the early dawn comes the expected shot, and, like the deep thunder, aw.ikes the morning echoes, and rolls over the trembling waters of the bay. !No single shot before ever bore such destinies on its darkened flight. They defend it for days. The fortress is fired with hot shot and exploding shell ; the walls crumbling ; the last biscuit gone ; the main gate burned down ; the conilict hopeless; still Anderson stands unmoved amid the wreck. The magazine is on fire; the shell explode; the flagstuff is shot away; but in a rain of shot and shell it is nailed to the ramparts, and the flag waves defiantly until saluted by union guns, when the iirave men marcli ont to the music of the union, under the glorious "Old Flag," lowered, but not surrendered. Note. — In the gallant defense of S;:nitor, Michigan was reprosontod in First Lieuten- ant Norman J. Hall, 5th U. S. Artillery, agradnat(> of West Point, nppoiiited from Miehi- gaii and assigned as Brevet 2d Lieutenant to the Fourth U. S. Artillery, July 1st, 1859. Li July, 18C2, he. was commissioned as Colonel 7th Miehigan Infantry, and commanded a brigade in which his regiment was serving at Frederielcsbuig in 18G2. When volunteers were callid for to place the ponlouus and uiiike a cro-.sing at that point, Colonel Hull des- ignated the 7th Michigan and lUth Massachubctts, when a succesbful result was accom- plished. 21 I(j2 INTRODUCTION. Soon they are afloat on their ocean home, and the flag of Sumter flutters proudly from the mast of the Baltic. That unparalleled defense established the highest standard of patriotism and bravery, nerving every soldier to emulate the example. It planted in tl^e true American heart strong faith in the final success of the Union cause, while the replacement of the identical flag on the ruins, after four years of a gigantic and vigorous war, ending in a complete victory, was a glorious triumph for the "Old Flag." The first rebel gun fired from Sumter (April 12th, 1861), the tocsin of the gigantic and wicked rebellion, tlie key-note of civil war, had been heard all over the land, the National banner had been insulted by the fire of treason's batteries, and struck from its proud perch, when the loyal young men of Michigan sprang, as if by magic, to arms, to defend and maintain the National Union and protect its flag, to sustain the honor of their State and maintain their own glorious birthright as freemen. They vowed to God and their native land, and pledged their arms and their lives that the beloved flag of their country should again wave triumphantly on the walls of Sumter, and over every State and inch of ground in the Union, and that the Kepublic should be saved and forever preserved. When the surrender of the South Carolina fortress became known through- out the land, the entire State of Michigan was alive to the emergencies and duties of the hour, and the uprising of the people was universal, and unparal- leled in history. Flags waved from every public building and private dwelling, alike on the palace and on the cot, while the drum beat to the music of the Union, from our southern border to the far off and craggy shores of our great lakes. " Trumpet, and ensign, and drum-beat are calling, From hillside and valley, from mountain and river, * Forward the tta^!' e'en though heroes are falling, Our God will His own chosen standard deliver. *• ' Union and Freedom I' our war-cry is rolling, Now o'er the prairie, now wide o'er the billow. Hark! 'tis the battle, and soon will be tolling The knell of the soldier who rests 'neath the willow. " Banner triumphant' though grand is thy story, We'll stamp on thy folds in this struggle to-day, Deeds of our armies, transcending in glory, The bravest yet chanted in poesy's lay. " Wise were our fathers, and brave in the battle, But treason uprises their Union to sever. Eouse for the light! shout loud 'mid war's rattle. The Union must triumph, must triumph forever!"* The call of Al)niliam Lincoln as it swept over the wires from land's end to land's end, received a patriotic and prompt response from the loyal hearts of the people of Michigan; the ranks of her battalions were filled on the first aliirm, the privilege of bearing arms in them being at a premium. With • riB(f iionK of MlrhlRnn Stale tro<.).s In ISGl, l)y D. Bethunel>unield! INTKODUCTION. 163 remarlsable promptness, her first gallant regiment, armed, clothed, equipped, and fully appointed, left the State to meet the enemies of Amei'ican liberty, the first to reach the National Capital from west of the Allegliany Mountains, and was among the first troops which crossed Long Bridge into Viririnia, and composed a part of the command that captured Alexandria, the first city taken from the rebels. The Michigan "Contingent" in the war was largely made up of men who enlisted for three years, und were mainly from the more respectable and indus- trious of the community. Leaving the pisaceful avocations of civil life, these men were disciplined into soldiers and converted into heroes, sometimes even during the operations and emergencies of a single campaign. Patient and obedient under the most rigid discipline, persistuuc and enduring on the lou"- and tedious march, cheerful and untiring in the trenches, apt in experiment, and most ingenious in construction, they added to all these qnalilicatiuns and merits true courage in the field, while almost every important action has illus- trated their heroism, and almost every battle-field is consecrated with their blojd. Their services were eagerly sought for by all the best generals — wliether to construct a defense, lead a "forlorn hope," or charge a battery. Michigan troops, prominent at the onset of the rebellion, were in at its death. They were among those who, under the c(»mmand of the brave and lamented Eichardsou, first opened fire on the rebels, in the vicinity of Bull Eun, at Blackburn's Ford. They were with General McClellan in West Virginia, in the first year of the war, and were in South Carolina and Georgia in 1SG2, and during that year served with the Army of the Potomac on the peninsula and in Maryland, with General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, in Virginia under General Burnside, in Louisiana under General Butler, and in Missouri with General Pope and Colonel Mulligan. In 1863 they bore a conspicuous and gallant part in the ever memorable campaigns under General Hooker in Virginia, and General Meade in Pennsyl- vania, at the defense of Knoxville by General Burnside, at the capture of Vicksburg by General Grant, and on the celebrated Kilpatrick raid against Rich- mond. They were also engaged in the campaign of General Eosecrans against Chattanooga, and were actively employed in the field at various points in Ten- nessee, Mississippi, Kentucky, and Louisiana, under other generals. In 1804-5 they were with General Grant on his great n)arch against Eich- mond, and bravely participated in most of the hard fought battles of that eventful campaign. They were also with General Sherman on his remarkable march from Chattanooga to the sea, and were prominently engaged in most of his memorable and successful battles, and with General Sheridan in his match- less encounters with the enemy in the valley of the Shenandoah, where their sabres flashed in every battle. They took part in the gallant defense of Nash- ville by General Thomas, and were with Generals Stoneman and Wilson on their raids into North Carolina and Georgia. They were also at tho capture of Mobile, and served in Texas and Utah Territory during a jiart of 1805-6. 164 INTRODUCTION. Michigan was well repiescuted at the surrender of Lee and Johnston— th& termination and death of the rebellion,— and a Michigan regiment captured the President of the so-called Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, in his inglorious- flight to escape deserved punishment for his infamous treason and rebellion. Michigan troops in all the campaigns and battles in which they participated were most reliable, conspicuously brave, and gallant. In every position in wliich they were placed they were true, self-sacrificing, patient under hardship,, murmuring not, meeting death by exposure, starvation, and cruel treatment in rebel prisons, and many more by rebel bullets in sanguinary strife. Aside from their acknowledged bravery and efficiency in battle, they were in a most remarkable manner entrusted with posts of honor and great responsi- bility, which could scarcely have been accidental, but with a purpose. From the beginning of the war until its end, Michigan soldiers evinced a most persistent determination to fight on, until all rebels in arms against the Government should be conquered and subdued, and, if needs be, utterly destroyed, so that their country might live. That determination they most successfully carried out; the met the enemy in his "last ditch," and he was theirs; they compelled him to lay down his rebellious arms, to beg for quarter, peace, and even for bread, and submit, unconditionally, to the terms of their dictation. Having done that, the troops of Michigan returned to their homes, as the conquerois of the enemies of their country, the preservers of their Nation, receiving the plaudits and gratitude of their fellow countrymen, and of every friend of freedom and humanity throughout the world. The armies of no other nation, even after many years of the training which war brings with it, have evinced so marvelous a development of soldierly qualities as characterized the American troops during their comparatively short term of service. The annals of the times will rear an imperishable monument to the patriotism of all the States which in the Nation's peril gave their sons in the conflict, and the honor of one will be among the precious possessions of the others; but it will be for Michigan to cherish with peculiar |.iide and tenderness the remembrance and the fame of tl)e gallant band of patriots who, in the fiercest struggle of modern warfare, and among comrades uf equal worth and bravery, while preserving the National life and integrity, have reflected undying lustre upon her own escutcheon. And while we claim gallant t-ervices and noble deeds for Michigan troops, we nuifit acknowledge and award bravery to their opponents. However much we may coudenin their cause and repudiate their action, we must accord them a degree of courage and gallantry in battle worthy of Anicricans. For, althon;;h for the Federals in blue was reserved the laurel, they shared with the (.'(.nfctU'ratc.- in gray the cypress, and while we claim the rose for the graves of our dead, we may afford to concede to theirs the lily. *' Fr(>m our ilead foomcn comes no chiding forth; AVf 11<> lit iieiKM'. HcaviMi has no ooulh or north; AVith roots of tiocs and llowors and fern and heather, God icachfB down, and claspd our hands together. " FIRST INFANTRY— THREE MONTHS. PBOCLAMATION. Whereas, The President of the United States has made a requisition upon the State of Michigan for military aid in enforcing the laws and upholding the Constitution and the Union of the United States; And whereas, The laws of this State already authorize the raising of two regiments of militia for the service of the federal government; And Whereas, Said laws contemplate that the uniformed volunteers shall first be called in such exigencies; Now, therefore, the Adjutant General of this State is hereby authorized to accept the services of ten companies of infantiy, to be mustered into the service of the United States for three months (unless sooner disbanded). 'J o this end, the companies of the uniformed volunteer militia that may desire to tender their services will forthwith report, through their company commanders, to the Adjutant General at Detroit, the names of company officers, and the number of thek" rank and (ile, ready for service; the number, kind Jiud condition of their arms; and the number of offi- cers and men already in uniform, the kind of uniform, and the number in want of uniform. Out of the whole number of companies, the Adjutant General will first select ten com- panies for immediate service. The companies which may be accepted will be required to fill up, according to the following schedule: For each company — one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, four ser- geants, four corporals, two musicians, and sixty-five privates; All companies formed and to be formed will be instructed and put in a serviceable condition as soon as possible, and will at once begin drilling according to " Hardee's Tactics." Those not immediately required will be formed into one or more additional regiments, as the exigencies of the service may demand. It is confidently expected that the patriotic citizen soldiery of Michigan will promptly come forward to enlist in the cause of the Union, against which an extensive rebellion in arms exists, threatening the integrity and perpetuity of the government. The Adjutant General will issue and enforce the necessary orders to carry out the •objects of this Proclamation. Given at Detroit, this sixteenth day of April, A. D. 1861. AUSTIN BLAIK, JoNN Robertson, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. Adjutant General, Under this proclamation the first Regiment Infantry (three mouths) was recruited and organized to comply with the requisition of the President of the United States for one regiment fiom Michigan as her quota of the ninety thousand men required under the first call for troops to suppress the rebellion then fully inaugurated. The provision of law, giving the uniformed militia preference on the iirst call, was a privilege which together with the great desire to serve the country at that time made the membership of these companies a highly valued position. 166 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. and numerous propositions were made and sums of money offered as a premium to relinquish in favor of outsiders, but tliey were invariably declined. As contemplated by the militia law referred to, the uniformed companies had the preference of service, and in accordance therewith the selection ol' com- paniea was made pursuant to the following order : MILITAEY DEPARTMENT MICHIGAN, ) Adjutant Genebal's Office, '>• Detroit, Michigan, April 24, 1861. ) GENERAL ORDER No. 5. I. The First Brigade Michigan Infantry is hereby organized. A. S. Williams to be Brigadier- General. II. The following officers are appointed to the First Regiment Michigan Infantiy: Orlando B. Willcox to be Colonel ; Lorin L. Comstock to be Lieutenant- Colonel ; A. F- Bidwell to be Major. III. The following will constitute the companies of the Regiment, viz. : Detroit Light Guard. Steuben Guard. Ypsilanti Light Guard. Jackson Greys. Michigan Hussars. Marshall Light Guard. Coldwater Cadets. Burr Oak Guard. Hardee Cadets. Manchester Union Guard. IV. The Captains of these Companies will report forthwith by letter to their Colonel at Detroit, and await his orders before moving. V. The Colonel will, in orders, designate the letters of the Companies and the rank of the Captains, respectively, and complete the organization. VI. The Coldwater Light Artillery will hereafter be designated as Company A of the First Regiment Michigan Artillerj'. This Company will forthwith proceed to Detroit for duty with the First Regiment of Infantry. The Captain will report, on their arrival, to Colonel Willcox. The Quartermaster General will complete their outfit at the earliest practicable period, and for this purpose he will order the necessary guns, caissons, liarness, sabres, and other equipments to be turned over at once to the Captain of Company A by other Companies, without delay. VII. According to the published notices of the different railroads in the State, the Michigan Troops will, with their arms, horses, and ammunition, be transported free of charge. VIII. A sufficient number of Companies having reported, the second Reguuent of Infantry will be immediately organized. By Order of the Commander-in-Chief. JOHN ROBERTSON, Adjutant General, The companies reported for duty without the least delay, and as fast as they could reacli Detroit by rail, when the regiment was at once rapidly put in condition for the lield. On the 17th of April a dispatch was received from the War Department that it would not be required until the 20th of May. The organization of the regiment was completed, however, on the ^9th of April, and on May 1st it was mustered into the service of the United States, 7yti strong, awaiting orders from the War Department. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel. Orlando B. Willcox (f(»rmerly of the regular army), Detroit. Lieutenant-Col- n'l, Lon-n L. Comstock, Adrian. Major, Alonzo F. IMdwell, Coldwater. Surgeon, Willjiim iJrodie. Detroit. Assihtunt Surgeon, Cyrus Smith, Jackson. Adjutant, John D. Fuirbuiiks, Detroit. Quurtermastor, Edward Grey, Detroit. Note.— The BtafT of Gcnonil Wlllinnis wns compos(>d of William D. Wilkins, Briyade Majur and Itihpr.t.T, and Henry U. Whittlesey, Aid-de-Camp, both of Detroit, ' who- aftfiwardii sorved on his btalT in the Held. on< MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 167 Following are the companies with their officers as mustered into service: A. Captain, Charles M. Lum, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John D. Fairbanks, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, William A. Throop, Deli'oit. B. Captain, William H. Withingion, Jaolisou. First Lieutenant, Eben B. Griffith, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, G. Collins Lyon, Jackson. C. Captain, Ebenezer Butter worth, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, Charles E. Eggles- ston, Coldwater. Second Lieutenant, George H. Eggleston, Coldwater. D. Captain, Isaac L. Clarkson, Manchester. First Lieutenant, John D. Merethew, Manchester. Second Lieutenant, Thomas Rix, Manchester. E. Captain, William F. Koth, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, George C. Mogk, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, John T. Sinclair, Ann Arbor. F. Captain, Horace S. Roberts, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Bernhard Mauch, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Joseph P. Sanger, Detroit. G. Captain, Ira C. Abbott, Burr Oak. Fii'st Lieutenant, John M. Casey, Burr Oak. Second Lieutenant, Charles Moase, Burr Oak. H. Captain, Frankhn W. Whittlesey, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, David A. Wise> Ypsilanti. Second Lieutenant, Marvin A. Parkes, Ypsilanti. I. Captain, Deville Hubbard, Marshall. First Lieutenant, Selden H. Gorham, Marshall. Second Lieutenant, Hiram S. Warner, Marshall. K. Captain, William H. Graves, Adrian. Fiist Lieutenant, John W. Horner, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, William House, Adrian. On tlie formation of tlie regiment the companies received a designation by letter: Detroit Light Guard, A. Jackson Greys, B. Coldwater Cadets, C. Manchester Union Guard, D. Steuben Guard, Ann Arbor, E. Michigan Hussars, Detroit, F. Burr Oak Guard, G. Ypsilanti Light Guard, H. Mar- shall Light Guard, I, and the Hardee Cadets, K. The make-up of the companies was composed of young men from all pro- fessions and trades, and really embraced a class of the most respectable of the community; many of them imbued with considerable knowledge of military bearing and discipline, as a result of the example from time to time afforded them in their contact with the regular aiiny, so long stationed in several por- tions of Michigan; and aside from this, many of them had received instruction and training from oflKcers who iuid served in the regular army and in the first unifornu'd company of the State, and the best military coujpany in the North- west for many yeais, the Bnuly Guard, organized at Detroit in 1836, from which source, although it had been long out of service, could be traced many of the valuable traits in the make-up and discipline of nearly all the citizen soldiery of the State at the out-break of the rebellion, and continuing to be visible throughout the entire war. This training had been so infused into the membership of the companies of this regiment that it became more and more observable and valuable a* the war progressed, affording an almost continuous supply of oilieers from the ranks, not only for the companies of their own rtgiment, but for otliers, as many of them were commissioned and trauslerred to other regiments, the "Detroit Light Guard" alone having supplied over thirty officers, while the other com- l)anies furnished their proportion, many of these officers attaining a high rank in tlie service, thus presenting one of the strongest evidences of the value of a proper training of the militia of the country in time of peace. On May 13ili the regiment having received orders left Fort Wayne for the front in command of Colonel Willcox, well uniformed, fully equipped with arms and amiminiiion ready for the field, arriving on the 16ih in Washington. Prior lo leaving Detroit, the ladies i)resented the regiment on the Campus Manius with a silken flag of very fine material. Addresses were uiade on behalf 168 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. of the ladies by Henry A. Morrow and D. Bethune Duffield, Esqs., to which Colonel Willcox replied in a speech full of genuine patriotism. •• Let the flag of our country float proudly on high, And its stars shed their lustre around, Till not a cloud of secession be seen on the sky, Till not a foe to our country be found." The call for troops had not been long expected, and came suddenly, conse- quently the regiment was from this circumstance hurriedly organized and hastily equipped, but it took the held in advance of the time designated by the Government when its services would be required. In its equipment, which was complete, it was determined that it should leave the State for the field in a condition to move immediately to the front, ready to go into action at once, if necessary, the example of neighboring States not being followed, where their regiments were hastily pushed off without uni- form or equipments, and in consequence were detained at points on the way to await the necessary eciuipment to enable them to take the field in a serviceable condition, accounting to some extent for the Michigan regiment being the first to reach Washington from a Western State. Ill fact it may be a question whether or not the splendid condition of this regiment when it left the State did not, to some extent at least, contribute to the high standard of Michigan troops in their appearance and equipment throughout the war; at least the encomiums it received from all quarters on its way to the front, especially from the western regiments at Harrisburg awaiting cquijimcnt, w;is u source of much gratification to those who liad aided in its equipment, and nerved them for a like course regarding Michigan tioops in general. It is well established that the Michigan troops in passing through the cities of neighboring States attracted tlie attention and received the praise of the people and of the public press, at the same time very unfavorable notices of tlieir own troops in a comparison with those of Michigan. As an example, the lollowini; articles from papers are inserted : The Cleveland Plaindealer says of the 1st Regiment: "A great many of our citizens visited them and expressed admiration of the men and the very adniiiable manner in which they had been armed and equipped lor service by ihoir Kiate. The comparison between the action of Michigan and that of Ohio was not at all nattering." Tlie Baltimore American said : "The Michigan regiment attracted general attention and commendation by their solid appearance and well-disciplined movements, a la Hardee. It was composed almost entirely of young, steady, and intelligent-looking men, and it appeared to be capitally ofllceietl. They were exceedi:!gly well equipped, thanks to the liberality of the State of Micliigan, wliieli luid furnished them with an entire outfit from head to foot, and were armed with new minie guns. " I ho rennbylvaniauB were armed with the old percussion lock musket." A toneepondent of the IS. Y. Post, writing from Washington under the dale of May 17tli, says: "The Michigan Hiflo Eegiment came into town about 10 o'clock last niiiht, marching from the depoi up the avenue to Eleventh street. They were preceded "by a splendid band of muhic. which soon aroused our citizens, and long before they had reached the quarterH uh-.signed ihem liundreds of people were out to give them welcome. The ■ •uiluihiaHin of tlie crowd was irrepressible, /or thin was (he first ueslern regiment which had arrived at the Capital." MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 109 The regiment reached Washington at a critical time, when Confederate troops flaunted their flag on Arlington Heights, claiming detlantly equality with the old banner of freedom floating from the National Capitol, when rebel pickets patroled the banks of the Potomac and bivouacked under the old trees thai shiide the grave of Washington. Being the first western regiment to reach Washington, its presence gave much encouragement to those in autiiority, and aided much in establishing confidence regarding the safety of the Capital, while the cheers of the loyal tiiousands greeted them as American patriots and as friends iii a time of great need. President Lincoln received them amid an immense and interested concourse of i)eople, and while he praised them for soldier-like appearance, he comidimented the State for patriotism, and through them thanked it for so prompt a response. Willcox soon after led the advance of the Union forces into Virginia, cross- ing Long Bridge, driving in the rebel pickets, entering and taking possession of Alexandria on the 24th of May, while Ellsworth, with his New York Zou- aves, entered it about the same time by steamer. The regiment captured a troop of rebel cavalry numbering about one hun- dred and fifty, with their horses and equipments, and at once took possession of the railroad depot. Colonel Willcox, under date of Alexandria, May 24th, 5.30 A. M., reports to General Mansfield : "Alexandria is ours. One company. Captain Ball, mounted, thirty-five men and thirty-five horses, captured. I regret to say Colonel Ellsworth has been shot by a person in a house." Soon after the 1st passed into Virginia, and while it was encamped on Sutor'sHill, near Alexandria, a National standard was sent to it by Lieutenant Thomas l\ix, which was })iesented to the regiment by citizens of Michigan then residing in Washington. This flag was saved from capture at Bull llun and brought from the field by Cori)oral Thomas Flynn, of Company G, who was honored with carrying it on the first dress parade following. It was brought back to Michigan with the regiment, and is now deposited in the State archives. Flynn was afterwards a captain in the 11th Michigan Infantry, and killed at Stone Eiver January 1st, 1863. The regiment was assigned to Heintzelman's division, and at the battle of Bull Kun was in command of Major Bidweil, and serving in the brigade of Colonel Willcox. It became hotly engaged early in the battle, pressing the enemy with great gallantry, fighting bravely and stubbornly, but losing heavily, both in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The gallant charge of the Fire Zouaves upon one of the heaviest of the rebel batteries was without avail, and they were compelled to fall back. The 1st Michigan then advanced and promptly took their places, charging in double quick upon the battery once and again in splendid style but without success. A third time they pushed forward, but were again driven back by the terrific tire of the enemy; again the attack was renewed, the brave men rallying for the fourth time to their deadly work, but the battery could not be taken, and they retired under a severe fiie, losing in the action, according to the ollicial report of Major BiJwell, made at the time, 6 killed and died of wounds, 4 oflicers and 33 men wounded, 5 officers and 65 meu missing, 52 of wliom were taken prisoners. 22 170 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Anioncr the wounded were Captain Butterworth and Lieutenants Mauch and Caeev who fell into rebel bauds and died in prison of their wounds. "^ CJlouel W.ncox and Captain Withiugtou were also made pnso^^^^^^^^^ former being wounded. They were captured on the field by PiestQU s 28 h Virginia Kegiment of Cocke's Brigade, and were he d as pnsoners until exchanged, the former on August 17th, 1862, and the latter on January dOth, 1862. The following is the report of Major A. F. Bidwell: Headquakteks Fikst Eegiment Michigan Infantrt, | Washington City, July 25th, 2661. ) SiP.:-I have the honor to submit the follo^^■ing report of the operations of the First Eetriinent Michigan Infantry, on the 21st instant, at the battle of BuU Eun. At^fso o^c ock'of that morning the regiment left its bivouac and was m.position, with the other regiments of Colonel Willcos's brigade, prepared for the advance. At 6 o clock the ?orwa.^ movement commenced, and about 12 o'clock noon after f 1°"^^' ^f P"L?X\7J rnada thick with dust and where but a scant supply of water could be obtamed. the regi- ment i^s ha ed w h the brigade in a field to the right of the road leading from Centre- Sne Tnd on the right of the enemy's entrenchments. After a bne rest the regiment, together with Arnold's battery, moved across the road ^nd took position in a wheat field; the other regiments composing the brigade having moved towards the battle field. _ But a short time elapsed when the regiment was ordered forward, arid at a double quick was hastened to the scene of action to support the Fire Zouaves, who had charged and fallen back Moving in column by platoon along the slope of the hill under the fire of the enemy s batteries we lost one color-bearer and several of our men. Ihe regiment was here filed to the left along a ravine, then marched up the hUl and formed m Ime of battle near the summit, directlV in front of the enemy's position. The regiment was at once ordered to charge and moVcd gallantlv on, exposed to a sharp fire, up to a fence mtervening between it and the enemy's works. " Here some little confusion occurred, the position of the enemy not beuig clearly understood, so rapid had been our movements, and the regiment halted, firing and loading under cover of the fence. An order given at this time not clearly heard, a portion of the line fell back to re-load. They were at once rallied back to the fence when the regiment was reformed in line of battle and led by Colonel WiUcox m advance of our center, the regiment, responding to the w ave of his cap with a cheer, cleared the fence and cliiuged down the slope upon the enemy's battery. A heavy and well-du-ected fire was at once opened upon us from his batteries and by hib uifantry, screened by the woods on both our flanks. The regiment moved bravely on, tlie firing becoming very destructive. The enemy being hid from view and their fire coining irom every direction, the line was broken and the men in detachments, guided by ihiiir olliccrs when the eneujy could be distmguished, loaded and fired with the utmost coohicbs and precision. At this point lieavy masses of the enemy advanced along the road near tlieir battery to our right unci. Hanking -us, their fire became actually murderous. T»ie men stood it coolly, and advancing, divided as they were, into the line of the woods, unbwcred his fire. The enemy's fire heing continuous from every quarter, their infantry udvuncing on us through the woods in great force, our officers and men falling all about us, thi! regiment unsupported in rear or fiank, there was but one thing to be done, and, gaUiLMing wliat we couid about the colors we fell back and re-ascended the acclivity to the bput fn.m whrnce our first charge was made. Here we rallied as many of the men of the regim.-nt us was possible, and endeavored to collect stragglers from other regiments. In the hope tlmt we could more successfully stop fugitives by rctiruig more from the line of lire, w.^ f.'ll buck and continued our efforts to re-form. The enemy now appearing ill overwlieluilng strength on the light, we moved to our bivouac of the morning, near Conlrovilie, which wan (jccupied by the regiment in comparatively good order. Art.-r two or llirt-c houib' rest, in obedience to orders, the regiment took up the lino of iiiHii.li in gixid order lor Washington. JiicloM'd 1 truiibinit a list of casualties of the day. The loss is heavy, and occurred iiiobily ill front of the enemy's butteries. The loss of the officers is N^ery large, propor- lionuiely, to the men, and is sufficient proof not only of their gallantry, but of the mur- cleiouH flit) that lh«.' H'ghiient sustained. No troops could have maintained their formation for any li-nglh of time iiiuior such a fire. Hurried into action alter a march of twelve iiiilfb oviT uii 4'XciMMiingiy dusty road, with but little water and no time for rest and K'ficHhmi'nt, our fatigiKil men evinced a courage, coolness, and endurance that entitle tiM'ln 111 till- liiglR'bt pndbO. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 171 The regiment went into the action four hundred and seventy-five men and twentv-five commissioned officers strong, and returned with a loss of nine officers and one hundred and eight men killed, wounded, and missing, being a proportion of loss of one-third of the officers and one-fifth of the men lost or injured in the vicissitudes of the day Of the fate of Colonel WUlcos there is no certain information. It is known, however that his horse was shot under him. and that he received a wound in the arm while advanc- mg upon the enemy's battery at the head of the regiment, and it was while engaged in the act ot binding up his wound, as is believed, that Captain Withington, of Company B who was acting as major, received a wound and fell on the field. ' Captain Butterworth, Company C, was also shot, and has not since been heard from Captain Lum, of Company A, acting as lieutenant colonel, was wounded in the knee and is now m Washington, as is also Captain Graves, of Company K. Lieutenents Casey Company G. Slauch, of Company F, and Parks, of Company H, were also wounded and have not been heard from. Lieutenant Warner, of Company I, also wounded, and is' now m Washington. Of those brave men who have met their fate in the engagement I cannot speak in too high terms. The regiment wUl cherish their gallantly. Nor can I refrain from referring with highest commendation to the valuable services, bravery and Rood conduct of all the officers on the field. Where all performed acts of gallantry'and valor it would be invidious to particularize, and I trust that all will alike find in the terrible proportion of their loss the best record of mdividual worth. Yours respectfully, A. F. BIDWELL, COLONEL Wakd. ^'^■°' ^«"^"'««^»«^- Commanding Second Brigade, Alexandria, Va. The following is from a rei)ort of Colonel J. H. Hobart Ward, 38th N. Y., who succeeded in comnuind of the brigade: ************ This brigade commenced the action under command of Colonel Willcox of Michigan who was wounded while gallantly leading his command, and whose bravery could^not have been excelled, and who is now a prisoner in the hands of the enemy. " WhUe I deeply deplore the circumstances by which it became my duty to forward this report, yet it afl^ords me much gratification to speak in terms of the highest com- mendation of the brave and officer-like conduct of the gentlemen composing his staff VIZ : Lieutenants Woodruff, Parker, and Eddie, in their efforts to bring order out of chaos under a most galling and deadly fire from the enemy. Having myself been in command of the 38th Kegiment (Scott Life Guard) N. Y. State Volunteers, during the action I am unable to speak as particularly as could be desired of other regiments o'f the brigade from personal observation, and respectfully refer you to their respective reports. The reports of killed and wounded furnish sufficient evidence of their fidelity and courage. ************ '' The officers and men of the 1st Michigan nobly discharged their duty to their country and well may their State feel proud of her defenders." Following is the report of General Willcox, dated at Detroit, September 3d, 1862, and addressed to the Adjutant General of the Army at Washington : ''My brigade, the 2d of Heintzelman's division, marching in rear of Franklin's brigade arrived at the Sudley Ford at about half past 12 P. M., July 21st, 1861. The brigade now consisted of the 1st ^Michigan, 11th New York (Fire Zo"uaves), 38th New York and Arnold 8 Battery. The 4th Michigan had been left at Fairfax Station and Fairfax Court- house, by the order of General McDowell. Halting for rest and water I obeyed the General's orders to post Arnold's Battery on a hill commanding the ford, with" the 1st Michigan for support, and at 1 o'clock pushed forward with my two remaining regiments up the Sudley and Brentville road. We marched about two miles and came up on the ny ,t of what I suppose to have been Frankhn's line, near the junction of the Warrenton and budley roads. I'he troops on our loft were engaged in a desultory fire with the enemy, posted in the thicket and ravine across the Warrenton road, not far from the Henry House. The 28th New York was quickly formed in order of battle, and the Zou- aves were hastening into lino, when I received an order to detach a regiment for the sup- port of Kickett's battery (of Franklin's brigade), posted on a hill a quarter of a mile to our right and front, near Dogan House. I led up the Zouaves for this important service 172 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. leaving the 38th under its gallant and experienced colonel, Hobart Ward. Ricketts waa soon ordered to take a new" position near the Henry House. The Zouaves followed in support, and finally formed line ©u the right flank of the battery, with two companies in reserve. " Up to this time the enemy had fallen back, but now he formed the remains of his brigades ensased with Hunter in the morning, viz.: B'ee's, Bartow's, and Evans's, in a new line, appuied upon Jackson's brigade of fresh troops, making altogether 6,500 in- fantr>-, 13 pieces of artillery, and Stuart's cavalry, according to General Beauregard's report'. This force was posted in the belt of woods which skirted the plateau southwardly and lying in the angle formed in that direction between the Warrenton and Sudley roads, about a mile from the Warrenton road, and with its left restmg on the Brentsville and Sudley roads. Rickctt's battery had crossed the Sudley road from its post near Dogan's House, and was witlim musket range of the woods which stretched from that road around from Ills right towards his front, and forming a pocket which almost enveloped the battery with its support. " The enemy were first discovered by Colonel Heintzelman, lining the woods in our fi-ont. He ordered up the Zouaves, commanded by Colonel Farnham. The ground was sliirhtly rising before us, and the enemy opened a heavy but not destructive fire as we reached the crest. The Zouaves returned the fire, but immediately fell back, bewildnred and broken. Stuart's cavalry charged upon them from the woods on the right, but were scattered bv a fire from the two reserve companies, with a loss (as ascertained from the Southern paijorsj of twenty-nine killed and wounded. "Meantime Rickctt's cannoneers were being picked off. With Colonel Heintzelman's approval and a promise of reinforcements, I collected some one hundred Zouaves, and, with Captain Douney and others of their officers, made a dash into the woods on our right, and killed, wounded, and captured about thirty of the enemy. Returning in a few min- utes, I found tlie field cleared of both friend and foe except the killed and wounded. " The horses, men, and two officers of Rickett's battery lay stretched upon the ground, but the enemy had not yet seized it. " Recrossing tlie Sudley road, I met the First Michigan, Major Bidwell commanding, and marching back with this regiment we found the enemy now drawn up in a thhi fine across the field and in possession of the battery; advancing to the fence on the roadside the Ist Michigan opened fire, the right wing fell back to reload, owing to a blundering order, but the left stood firm, expelled the enemy, and retook the battery. The troops here opposed to us I believe to have been the 7th Georgia. " Colonel Heintzelman now came up and ordered us promptly forward, and with the promise of another regiment it was my design to turn the enemy's left. The left wing of the 1st Michigan reciossed the field, struck into the woods beyond the Zouaves, and succeeded in destroying and capturing a small number of the enemy and pushing back his extreme left out of that part or point of the woods adjacent to the Sudley road. " Meantime the right wing of the 1st Michigan reformed and advanced in good order. I met it and we pushed on toward the next point of woods. From this point I found the enemy's left discovered us by our fire and we became engaged with their rear rank, their front being occupied by the advancing troops of Franklin's or Sherman's brigade. The o/Ticerb and men of the 1st Michigan stood up bravely at this critical moment, holding on anxiously for reinforcements. But from all I can learn, the 38th, which was ordeied up U) me, were directed to the left of the Henry House (instead of to the right and along the Sudley mad;, came in contact with the enemy's center, and never reached me. "It was now nearly four o'clock. General Beauregard had been gathering new rein- fon-emonts; General Ivirby Smith had joined him with a portion of Johnston's army. Our scattered trooi)S were contending in fractions against the enemy's army in position and massed on tin; plateau, with his artillery sweephig every approach. General Johnston was bringing fresh troops to turn our right. The '28th Virginia attacked my own handful from the rear in the woods, and I had the ill fortune to be wounded and a few momen s afterwards captured. But I was spared witnessing the disaster which further pursued our arniK. " In this n>port I have only endeavored to supply partly the information that was not known or found in any other re|)ort in consequence of niV capture. Permit me to add further, that Uw. :{8th New York was distinguit^hed for its steadiness in ranks, and for galliinlly repelling u cUargo made upon it by the 'New Orleans Tigers.' The Zouaves, though broken us a regiitnmt, did good service under mv own eyes in the woods, and detaehmentK of them joined various other regiments in the fight. The 1st Michigaa deHerves the credit of advancing rarthi>r into the enemy's lines than any other of our Hoops, HH their dead bo.iies proved after the battle. I only iegiet that from the fact of mv sef)a- ration from .Vrnold's hattery, I cannot add any teslimonv of my own to thewellknown gallantry with wliich he and his command conducted themselves." MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ITi In General Heintzelman's endorsement forwarding this report, he says: " This report is respectfully forwarded. It gives some d(>tails not in previous reports. The 38th New York, Colonel Ward, was in the rear and a little to the right of the Robin- son House, and did not get up as far as the house. After the Zouaves, I led up the 1st Minnesota and then the 1st Michigan, and both were repulsed. Thev, however, rallied and passed to the right into the woods, and the 1st Michigan, on the extreme right, held the most advanced position we occupied that disastrous day." A survey of the field after the battle discovered the fact that the Michigan deiul were found nearest the enemy's works. The regiment in command of Major Bidwell returned to the State on the expiration of its lerni of service, and was mustered out of service Auo^ust 7th, 1H(J1. Notwithstanding the services of this regiment were short, it established even on the disastrous field of Bull Euu a standard which was a noble example for Michigan troops, and which a review of the record of Michigan regiments will attest has been uniformly followed. The enrollment of this regiment was 798 officers and men, its losses nine, of which three oflficers died of wounds, three men killed in action, and three died of disease. " 'Tis over — thy last pulse has fluttered; Thou'rt glorious now — thou'rt secure; 'Gainst thee ne'er can libel be uttered — Thy blood proves thy loyalty pure." Note.— While a captain of the 1st Michigan was out with a small scoutinir party near Alexandria, soon after the regiment reached Washington, and before the battle of Bull Run, he was desirous of carrying out the custom then in vogue of administering to cap- tured rebels the oath of allegiance and letting them go, coming suddenly on a few rebels, made them get down on their knees, then he administered to them the common oath of allegiance to the United States of America, and, not forgetting his own State, added, and particularly the State of Michigan, then let them go. Advancing a little further the party Btarted up a good-sized snake. One of them, an Irishman, captured it; the captain asked what he was going to do with it. "Do wid him?" said Pat; " obey the orders; swear him and let him go, begorrah!" FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. " The combat deepens, on, ye braves, Who rush to glory or the grave! Wave, Michigan! all thy banners wave. And charge with all thy chivalry!" The reorganization of the First Eegimeiit for three years commenced on June ^8th, 18G1, uiid prior to the return of the three months regiment to the State. Lieutenant Colonel Loren L. Comstock was designated by the governor to suj)e)intend its recruitment, witii t-utiicient officers from the regiment in the field to assist in accomplishing the purpose. The rendezvous was at Ann Arbor, to which point all recruits were forwarded by detachments. Tiie regiment was mustered into the U. S. service at various dates with a strength of 9G0 otlicers and men, in command of Colonel John C. Eobinson, then a Captain in tlie U. S. aimy, leaving the State for the field in Virgininou the lOth of September following, with the exception of two detachments, which soon after ibllowed. FIELD AND STAFF. John C. Robinson, Colonel, Captain U. S. army. Horace S. Koberts, Lieutenant Col- onel, Detroit. Franklin W'. Whittlesey, Major, Ypsilanti. Joseph Tunnicliff, Jr., Sm-geon, Jackson. Andrew J. Hobart, Assistant Surgeon, Niles. Edwai'd H. Eing, Adjutant, Jack- son. David A. Wise, Quartermaster, Ypsilanti. Arthur Edwards, Jr., Chaplain, Trenton. A. Captain, Russell H. Alcott, Manchester. First Lieutenant, Henry C. Christiancy, Monroe. Second Lieutenant, Irving F. Wilcox, Twinsburg, Ohio. B. Captain, Ira C. Abbott, Burr Oak. First Lieutenant, Samuel E. Pittman, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, William Byrns, Burr Oak. C. Captain, George V. Sanl'ord, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, Lyford Peavey, Mar- shall. Second Lieutenant, Perry L. Hubbard, Pontiac. D. Captain, Eben B. Griffith, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Eben T. Whittlesey, Ypsi- lanti. Second Lieutenant, J. Benton Kennedy, Jackson: E. Captain, , . First Lieutenant, George H. Eggleston, Coldwater. Second Lieutenant, Oliver C. Comstock, Manshall. F. (;ai)talii, Williiim A Tiiroop, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Emory W^ Belton, Chelsea. Second Lieutenant, Wiikins Bloodgood, Detroit. G. Captain, G. Collins Lyon, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Edward Pomeroy, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, Philander C Perry, Ann Arbor. H. Captain, Ciiarles E. Wendell, Detroit. First Lieutenant, George C. Hopper, De- troit. Second Lieutenant. Alfred W. Beardslee, Detroit. I. Captain, George W. Grunimond, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Hiram S. Warner, Mnrsliaii. Secoinl Lieuleiuuit, Edward D. Judd, Sahne. K. Cajjlain, Byron B. Ad.sit, Sault Ste. Marie. First Lieutenant, George C. Mogk, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Henry C. Arnold, Ann Arbor. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 175 The regiment was principally officered by those who had served in the three months regiment. It was recruited in all parts of the State, and its orga.iiza- tion was conipleted at Ann Arbor. Colonelliobinson continued in command uufil April ^^8th, 18G'.^ when he was appointed a brigadier general of voluntccis. He was succeeded in com- mand by Lieutenant Colonel Horace S. Roberts. Huring the winter which followed its muster in, it was encamped at An- napo IS Junction, Maryland, guarding the Washington and Baltimore Raih-oad. in March it; moved to l^rtrcss Monroe, wliere it encamped for some time attracting much notice by its fine military ai)pearance and excellent discipline, while Its stylish dress parades becnnie a matter of notoriety amon^ the other troops stationed at tiiat point. Subsequently, in command of Colonel Roberts It proceeded to the Peninsula and entered on the campaign, servincr in the 1st brigade, 1st division, oth corps, under McClellan. It was engaoed at Mechanicsville, June 2(Jth; at Gaines-s Mills, June 17th; at Peach Orchard June :^9th and at Savage Station on the same day. At Turkey Bend, and White Oak Swamp, June 30th, and on July 1st at Malvern Hill. The part taken by the regiment in these battles was, unfortunatelv, not reported, although it is known to have been actively engaged, and to have served with efficiency and gallantry. Its losses were 35^ killed and died of wounds, and 97 missing in action, including Captain 0. C. Comstock, who was killed at Gaines's Mills. The Peninsula campaign having closed, the regiment, serving in the same brigade, division, and cor[)S, returned with the army and entered on the cam- paign under General Pope. Ic became engaged with the enemy at Gainsville August a'Jth, supporting Battery D, 3d U. S. Artillery, and losing one killed ^ud one wounded, and on the next day became heavily engaged at Bull Run. rhe^ regiment, in command of Colonel Roberts, was in General Fitz John Porter^s corps (oth), and had taken a position in some woods fronting the enemy s lines, and not far from one of his well posted and important batteries ihe order was given to advance and dislodge the rebels and silence this bat- tery, ana at 4 P. M. the 1st Michigan, with the 13th New York and ISth Massachusetts regiments of infantry, deployed column and advancing, a terrific intautry fire from a force in ambush and five unseen batteries openiTicr a cross- fire upon them with murderous effect, the 1st losing, within a fuw minutes eight officers, and fifty per cent of the regiment were either killed or wounded' ihe men, under these trying circumstances, behaved coolly and with mucli bravery, standing their ground like veterans, and not until success became hopeless and the order to retreat was given did they fall back, and then in good order, when they resumed their former position in the woods, and re- formed with their division. Ead there been any possibilitv of victory under such circumstances, their courage and i)ersistency would have secured it. ihe chaplain of the regiment, the Rev. Arthur Edwards, who was present in the engagement, rendering mo^t valuable service, and whose exemplarv con- duct during his whole term in the army endeared him to all who canie in contact with him, wrote at the time as follows: " The regiment deployed column and with cheers advanced towards the enemy our right resting near the raUroad embankment, the center and left near a stone waUa^draU road cut in each of which places was posted a rebel battery. On our right and front wa^ a force of the enemy's infantry, and as we advanced the regiment was sub ceted to n^^ derous fire Irom mfantry and a cioss-lire from five rebel batteries. ThrrSo t s IT red severely m crossing the open space. Colonel Roberts fell at an early m<^Sentater^ 176 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. deployed out of the woods. Four captains and three lieutenants —Captains Charles E. Wendell, Russell H. Alcott, Eben T. Whittlesey, Edward Pomeroy, and Lieutenants H. Clay Arnold, J. L. Garrison, and W. Bloodgood— met theii- death, and more than fifty per cent of the rofriment were either killed or wounded. "Colonel Roberts was an active, eflScient, brave, beloved, and is now a sincerely lamented leader. Captains Wendell, Alcott, Whittlesey, Pomeroy, and Lieutenants Arnold. Garrison, and Bloodgood were excellent ofScers, whose loss will be felt by the regiment, and mourned by their personal acquaintances. "The regiment went into battle with twenty ofBcers and two hundred and twenty- seven men. Of the former but four are in camp unhurt, and of the latter hardly one hundred and fifty. In the action the 1st was placed in tlie center. In front was a rebel battery, and so destructive was its fire and so commanding its position, that General Porter ordered our brigade (Martindales, of Morrill's division) forward to capture it. The service was so desperate, and so very sure were our officers of the death that awaited them, that they shook hands with each other in farewell. Like heroes they pressed on to the charge, until, coming within range, the enemy opened four additional batteiles, hith- erto masked, and poured in a deadly fire. Thus they were exposed to a cross-fire from live batteries at short range, throwing grape and canister, and to a flank fire of infantiy. The result may be easily seen. Men fell like grain in harvest. Colonel Roberts was shot in the breast by a miuie ball, and lived about ten minutes. His words were, ' I am killed; tell Captain to take command of the regiment.' He seemed to feel that he was about to fall, for previous to his going to his place in the line, he called me aside, and, after leaving some private messages, said : ' I trust that Michigan will believe that I tried to do my duty.' " " But strew his ashes to the wind Whose sword or voice has served mankind, — And is he dead, whose glorious mind Lifts thine on high? To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to die." General Pope, iu his report, thus describes the conflict of the 30th : " The enemy's heavy reinforcements having reached him on Friday afternoon and night, he bi'gan to mass on his riglit for the purpose of crushing our left, and occupying the road to C<.'ntreviile in our rear. His liea\ic:^t assault was made about five o'clock in the after- noon, when, after overwhelming Fitz John Porter and driving his forces back on the center and left, mass after mass of his forces were pushed against our left." Ill Mr. Greeley's "Ameiiciin Contlict" Porter's Coi))s, to which the 1st Iiifimiry belonged, at the battle of "Gaines's Mills," is noticed as follows: " * * * * At 5 P. M. Porter, though he had lost httle ground, telegraphed again to Genoral McClellan that his position was critical, when French's and Meagher's brigades of the 2d corps were ordered to cross to his support. Thev moved promptly and rapidly, but befoie they could reach the field the rebels, rallying all their foi'ces jus"t ut Bunsri for a last despciate elTort, had stormed our entrenchments both on the riglitand on the left, and driven back their defenders with mutual carnage, capturing several ol their guns. PorttT, seeing his infantry beaten, now called into action all his reserved and remaining artillery, and thus bringing about (Mghty guns into action, was covering the retreat of his Infantry, and dealing fearful retribution on their assailants, whose advance was suddenly checked. • • • .. After the di.'^astroUK affair at Bull Pun, the regiment, in command of Cap- tain K. W. I'.c'lton, entered on the McClellan canVpaign in Maryland, and was in the eiiga-i'Mient at Antietam on September 17th, and on the '.'Oth was engaged wiili the enemy at Shepardston Ford. After I he deatlj of Colonel Roberts, Lieutenant Colonel Frank W. Whittle- sey was Conitnissioned Colonel, but was absent from the field on account of iujuiies received iu tlie Peninsula campaign. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 177 In December followino; the regiment in command of Lieutenant Colonel Abbott was engaged at the battle of Fredericksburg, with a loss of one officer (Uaptam J. b. Kennedy) and seven men killed, seven officers and thirty-three men wounded. -^ The following is the report of Colonel Abbott of the part taken by his reffi- niL'ut in that battle : ^ j & ''This regiment, in compliance with orders of 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th A. O, G D, broke camp on Thursday morning, December 11th, at 5.30 o'clock A. M taklne up a line of march towards Fredericksburg, halted near the Phillips House, remainini there until sundown when the brigae was moved back to a piece of wood and bivouacked FrederlclJburg '"'''"'''^ °''^^'' ""^"^^ ^"^ ^'""^ *^^ ^^^^^°''' ""^^^^ ^ ^^ direction of . "/t*^. 1^.°'^^^^ *he division halted, remainlnsr there during the day, bivouackine for the night m line of battle by regiments; next day, Saturday, at 12 o'clock, ajainmo^^ed for- ward, crossing the river at 2.30 P. M., on center pontoon bridge, marching in good order to Mam street. We halted for a short time, during which the pieces were loaded and eveS preparation necessary for an advance was made. At 3 o'clock we were again in motion leaving the main street, passing through a cross street to the left towards the battlefield' where we were exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's batteries on the hiil kill ins and wounding many of our best and bravest men. On leaving the street, bv filing obUquely to the right across a small stream again obliquing to the left, when we were somewhat sheltered froui the fire by a high bank, I halted the regiment, the right resting near the railroad, for about thirty minutes, waiting an opportunity to advance through other troops who were on the railroad, marched down the track some thirty rods, and turned to the If lotl'''^^ ^^r^ ?^^ T^ Colonel Barnes, who ordered me to take position on the left of the 13th isew lork. In domg this we were again exposed to the enemy's fire. I passed this place at double quick, and took up my position in good order. From this point the regiment moved m hue of battle to the front, and there commenced firing which was continued at int^ervals until after dark. Captain Kennedy was mortally wSunded while bravelj' leading his men Here many of my best men were killed or wounded. Not an officer faltered; all exhibited the coolness and courage of veterans. After dark our posi- tion was changed to the left of the 118th Pennsylvania, where we lay on our arms until dayhght. Eeniained in this place during the day, Sunday, and were rehoved with the brigade at 8 o clock P. M., when we fell back to the river, near the pontoon brid-e remaining there during the next day, Monday. At night, again marched into the citv down the main street about one mUe, and bivouacked on the walk for the night The next morning, were ordered to recross the river, which we did, returning to the camp we occupied before the movement. ^^'^ij »yo •; The following is the list of casualties: Oflicers killed, one; officers wounded, seven- enhsted men killed, seven; enlisted men wounded, thirty-three. "During the whole engagement and the time we moved from the camp on Thursday Captain Belton, acting second in command, was everywhere present, exhibitiiH' the same coolness and courage heretofore manifested in all the engagements in which the re-i ment has participated. ° "I cannot but speak in high terms of all my officers, while the men, true to their country s flag, inspired by their love of freedom, stood firm and unmoved, and I trust the regiment did, as it ever has done, its duty. It has now recovered the fati-nie of the battle, and notwithstanding the disappointment we are again willing and ready to follow our brave leader. Colonel James Barnes, wherever he may call." After tlie battle of Fredericksburg the regiment, still serving in the 1st brigade, 1st division, oth corps, lay in camp near Falmouth untifthe 27th of April, 1863 (having been engaged at U. S. Ford January 1st), when it moved in the direction of Chancellorsville. Crossing the Eappahannock and the Rapidan it reached that battle ground on the 30th, after four days of forced and heavy marching, and entered into action there as set forth in the followincr report of Colonel Abbott, losing three killed and seventeen wounded: * "I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of this rer-iment of S movements of the Army of the Potomac from the 27th of April to The 6th 23 178 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. " This regiment with two hundred and seventy-nine men and twenty-three oflBcers attached to the first brigade, first division, fifth corps (commanded respectively by Gen- erals Barnes, Griffin, and Meade), broke camp on Monday, April 27th, and with the brig- ade marched northward seven miles to near Hartwood church, where the division was bivouaclied for the night. On Tuesday morning our march was resumed and early on Wednesday morning we crossed the Eappahannock on pontoons, near ' Kelly^ Ford," distance twentv-eight miles from our old camp. " Turning southward, the Eapidan was reached about sundown, and crossmg the river, whose waters were waist deed at 'Ely's Ford,' we encamped upon the steep shores of the south bank. At sunrise of Thursday we moved in the direction of Chaucellorsville, and arriviug at that place at 10 o'clock A. M., we halted to allow the remainder of the corps to arrive. The 11th and 12th corps came up by another route, and to this brigade was assigned the advance upon the ' Fredericksburg and Gordonsville plank road,' toward the former citv. Proceeding about two miles we arrived near some rebel earthworks. The brigade was halted, and this regiment with the 25th New York Infantry on the left and the 18ih Massachusetts Infantry on the right, was ordered forward; the 1st Michigan Infantry advancmg up the road until within musket range of the rebel works, when the line was halted, and Company H, Captain E. D. Judd, was sent forward, deployed as skirmishers. These skirmishers obtained information that the enemy's force consisted of two brigades of infantry with some field artillery. At 5 P. M. a few shots were exchanged by the skir- mishers and two rebel prisoners taken. ' ' Orders were soon received to retire, which movement I believe to have been a mis- taken one. •'Falling back to Chancellorsville, and marching off to our right about one mile, we encamped for the night. On Friday morning the brigade was sent out upon a r* uounois- sance along a road leading to the Rappahannock, whose banks we traversed southward to a point below ' Scott's Dam Ford;' and obtaining the desired information of the enemy we returned during the afternoon to near Chancellorsville. On our arrival the brigade formed in line of battle, remaining thus until about midnight. In the meantime the enemy shelled the woods vigorously, and a man of the 22d Massachusetts Infantry lost both legs by a solid shot. At midnight (on Friday, 1st) this position was abandoned and the brigade was posted upon a road leading from ChancellorsvUle to the Rappahannock, and strong barri- cades were constructed to protect the left flank of the army and our communications to the above river. " At this honorable post w-e remained until late in the afternoon of Saturday, when we were ordered to move further to the right to strengthen a point threatened hy the enemy. During this time we had a strong picket force in advance of our front. At 11 o'clock P. M. we w(!re relieved by a portion of Howard's 11th corps, taldug a new position near Cliaiieellorsville, where we remained until 6 o'clock on Sunday, when we were again moved out on the road leading to the ' United States Ford,' to a point not far from the ' Wliite House,' around which and in the woods troops were being massed. Fighting was in the meantime going on at Chancellorsville and along the whole line, and at 10 o'clock A. M. on Sunday, tlie brigade was moved to the 'Wiiite House,' where it remained until the enemy's shells coniijelled a temporary shelter in the adjoining woods. During this shell- ing some of our men were wounded. Remaining upon our arms until 3 o'clock A. M. on Monday we were ordcn-ed to the front, and two regiments of the brigade were sent beyond the works on picket duty. At 8 o'clock A. M. I was ordered to relieve these regiments, when I accordingly sent out nine of my companies under command of Major George C. Hopper, and their duty was nobly performed until they were relieved the next morning. Wiiile this force was on picket it continually skirmished with the enemy's sharpshooters, and several of my men were wounded. During the forenoon of Tuesday the enemy ad- vanced in two lines, but our skirmishers kept him firmly at bay until thev were ordered to fall back into tlie intreiichnients, which they did in good order, allowing the artillery to ojieii and clear the woods of rebels. During the above movement my regiment sustained Its princii)al loss, but it deployed again promptly as soon as our artillery was silent, and wu« Hoon after relieved by another regiment of this brigade. " On being relieved we occupied the front line of works until 3 o'clock P. M. of Wednes- day, when Llie already overworked brigade was detailed to cover as a rear guard the recroHHUig of the army to the east baidcs of the Rappahannock, which duty was performed with th.' fullest hucce.ss. Rain began to fall at 4 P. M. of Tuesdav, and so continued during the niglit and for days following. The roads were in a horrible condition, but by 10 o'clock A. M. of Wodnesday the whole army had crossed in safety- and this brigade was loft to remove and protect the pontoon bridges, which labor consumed the rest of the day. At C> o'clock r. M. the brigade took up its march for their old camps, but owing to contin- ued rainH and bad roads, it did not arrive there until the afternoon of Thursday, May 7th. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 179 Thus ended the eleventh day of a campaign which for all that tests the quality of a soldier surpasses all our former experience. " Great credit is due both officers and men for the cheerfulness and fortitude with which they endured fatigue, hardship, and danger. Though not brought into the znost galling fire in this battle, yet they were trusted as veterans. We wore, as will be seen from this report, marched and countermarched, ar.d we have gained the cognomen of ' The Flying Brigade.' The many changes of position noted above were to place us at threatened points, in accordance with a well-known practice in miUtarj' maneuvers. During the battle we constructed four distinct scries of breastworks, to whose protection other troops were uniformly committed, while we bore the brunt of battle in the open field. It is unnecessary to mention individuals when all did their duty. The reputation of the regi- ment is even enhanced among their brethren in arms, and we are as ready to meet our country's foes, notwithstanding our thhmcd ranks, as we were before this movement began. "We are proud of our State and proud of the reputation of Michigan troops. We sincerely trust that our future history will none the less give reason for faith in the hearts of the authorities and the people at home." Again resuming its camping ground near Falmouth, it lay there until the 28th of May, 1863, wlien the division to which it was attached moved to Mor- risville, a two days' march, and on the 9th of June crossed the river as support to a cavalry force which advanced to Brandy Station, fighting all day and returning to camp on tl^.e 10th. On the 14th it broke camp at Morrisvillc, and the lyth and 31st was in brisk skiiniishes with the enemy's cavalry at Aldie. On the 26th the regiment crossed the Potomac into Maryland at Edwards's Ferry, and after laborious and exhausting marches under a broiling sun it reached Gettysburg, Pa., at 1.30 A. M. of July 2d, It entered into battle with the 5th corps on the same day in command of Colonel Abbott, with a force of 20 officers and 125 men. Colonel Abbott being wounded early in the engagement, Lieutenant Colonel W. A. Tiiroop assumed command. It sustained a loss of one officer, Captain Amos Ladd, and four men killed, and six officers and twenty-five men wounded, with eight missing. A more detailed account of the part taken by the regiment is found in the following extract from the report of Colonel Throop : "We left Hanover on the evening of the 1st, with the brigade marching to a place near the battlefield of the 2d during the night. On the morning of the 2d we were formed in line of battle, in reserve, where we remained until about 4 o'clock P. M., when we (with the brigade) were ordered to the front. We got into position in line about 4.30 P. M., with the 22d Massachusetts on our left and the 118th Pennsylvania on our right. We had no sooner got our line fully established than the enemy drove in our skiiznisliors and appeared in force in tlie edge of a wood on our fi-ont, within two hundred yards of our line. We ordered our men to fix bayonets, and commenced firing on the enemy with a deadly effect, driving him back after a severe fire of half an hour He, however, soon returned, and was a second time driven back with great loss. Our men stood up bravely under tiie storm of bullets sent against them, loaduig and firing as coolly as though on drill. We •entered the light with three field, one staff, sixteen line officers, and one hundred and twenty-five muskets. Our color-bearer, Sergeant Patrick Connors, was the first man wounded after tlie firing commenced. The colors were at once taken from the ground by Corporal John H. Harrington, of Company A, and gallantly borne througli tlie battle. Colonel Ira C. Abbott was wounded in the face early in the action and carried to the rear. We maintained our line, repulsing and holding in check the enemy until 7.30 P. M., when we w(u-e ordered to fall back, which we did in good order, being relieved by a brigade of Pennsylvania reserves. Men never behaved more gallantly than did the soldiers of tlie 1st Michigan in this battle, and it would be impossible to mention eacli case of individual -gallantry and braverj' when all did so well, but I would inenlion the name of First Sergeant Joseph F. Bird, of Company A, who paiticulariy attracted my attention by liis coolness, bravery, and admirable control of his men and thoughtfulness as to his duties. Among the otticers I can make no separate mention, whei-e all rxci'llcd their former repu- tation, and won for themselves new and lasting honors. Our losses are one conimissit)iied officer killed and six wounded; four enlisted men killed, twenly-live wounded, and eight 180 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. missing. Of the steadv, true, and galling fire of the one hundred and twenty-five musl£et& in the hands of Michigan 1st Regiment, the bodies of sixty-two dead rebels left on our front bear a fearful testimony." The regiment was in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Corps, commanded by Major General Sykes, mentioned in the "Eebelliou Record" as follows: ♦ • * " The 5th Corps most fortunately arrived and took position on the left of the 3d, Major General Sykes commanding, immediately sending a force to occupy 'Round Top' ridge, where a most furious contest was maintained, the enemy making desperate but unsuccessful attempts to secure it." * * • • * It joined in the pursuit of the enemy on the 5th, becoming engaged at Wil- liamsport on the 12th, and on the 18th crossed the Potomac into Virginia, driving the rebels from Manas^sas Gap, engaging the enemy at Wapping Heights on the 2l8t, going into camp at Warrenton on the 37th and at Beverly Ford on the 8th of August. Here it remained until September 17th, when it crossed the Rappaliannock at Beverly Ford, and marched to Culpepper Court House and encamped, after which the regiment, together with the 18th Massachusetts and a squadron of the :id Pennsylvania cavalry, occupied the town of Culpepper, under command of Colonel Throop, doing provost duty. The 1st Michigan remained here until the 11th of October, when the army fell back to Centre- ville, the regiment meeting the rebels at Culpepper and Brandy Station on the 13th, and on the 14th at Bristow Station. It again advanced and rested on the 1st of November at Three Mile Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. Breaking camp on the 7th ilie regiment marched with the Army of the Potomac in its advance to the Rappahannock river. The enemy were found etioiigly intrenched near Rappahannock Station, but, after a desperate struggle, were driven across tlie river with large loss. From a correspondent: " On they moved, looking more as though on dress parade than in line of battle prepared for the fray, led by the gallant Colonel Throop. What cared they for the shot and shell as they fell tliick and fast around them, sometimes throwing the sand in their faces as one burst in front, or plowed up the earth at their side. Yet onward the whole line moved, altliough the ranks of the 18th and 22d Massachusetts and the 118th Pennsylvania were lliiiiiied at almost every step by the terrible missiles of death. Their conduct seemed to say, ' \V(3 care for none of these things.' One great absorbing idea seemed to pervade ev«'ry mind, as through the rain of death, with stateliness that was truly sublime, they niovt'd, and that was tlio capture of the foe in his stronghold. •' Uy tills time we had gained the banks of the railroad, directly under the frowning jaws of tlif enemy's guns. The sun was sinking to rest, the sable folds of night were fast fall- ing upon the scene, the cannon one by one ceased their horrid roar, until comparatively quiet r.-igned, when as by common consent the battle cry of freedom was heard, sounding like a (It'ath knell to the traitor's heart, quickly followed by the loud crash of musketry, the charge wus inaih;, the works were scaled, and the day was ours; and, strange as it" may Bcooi, not a man of the gallant 1st was hurt." From tho 8th to the 27th, the 1st was engaged in picket duty in the rear of the aiiny. and in guarding the railroad from the attacks of the ene- my's cavalry, being engaged at tiio Cross Roads on the 2Gth. Participating ill tho advancf to Mine lUui, the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford, on llie 27th, and being in the reserve did not become engaged, al- thongli ill front of tlio enemy's works at Mine Run from the morning of the 2itth to tho evening of tho let of December, when it fell back with tlie army across tho Hapidun. On the 3d the regiment went into winter quarters at Bev- erly Ford, and until tho 18th of February, 1804, its services were mostly con- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR, 181 fined to picket and guard duty on the 0. and A. R. R. During this month 213 of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and it was ordered to report at Detroit, Michigan, where it arrived on tlie 1st of March, and was furloughed for thirty days. Rendezvousing at Coldwater, the 1st returned to the front on the 10th of April, arriving at its old camping grounds, at Beverly Ford, April 18th. Engaging in the campaign of 18G4, with the Army of the Potomac, the reg- iment, in command of Colonel Throop, and then in the 3d Brigade, 1st Divis- ion, 5th Corps, marched, on the 1st of May, to Biandy Station, and on the 4th crossed the Rapidan atGermania Ford. On the 5th the pickets discovered the enemy moving. Receiving orders to immediately attack as skirmishers, the regiment became engaged, and drove in the opposing advanced forces. During the action, which soon became general, the 1st lost a considerable number of men. It is claimed to have been the first infantry force of the army that at- tacked the enemy duiing the great campaign of 1864. During the following eight days it was almost continuously engaged in battle, or in skirmishing, sustaining large losses, especially at the battle of Alsop's Farm, on the 8th, where the regiment came out of the engagement with only twenty-three men. Pressing forward with the army, it participated in the battles of Spottsylvania ou the 10th, 11th, and 12th ; on the 21st was engaged at Nye River, on tlie 23d at North Anna, 24th at Jerico Mills, and was also in the affair at Noel's Tavern ou the 26ih, and on the 30th at Tolopotomy. Following is from a report of Colonel Throop, covering the services of his regiment in detail : "I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the 1st infantry in the present campaign for the month of May : On the morning of May 1st we broke camp at Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock, and marched to Brandy Station, where we bivouacked and remained until the 3d at noon, when we marched to near Culpepper, where we halted at sundown and remained until midnight, and again resumed our marcli toward -Germania Ford, on the Rapidan river, crossing the river about 8 A. M. of the 4th, and ad- vanced on the stone road to Orange Court House to within about three miles of Robertson's Tavern, where the regiment was detailed to picket in front of the brigade, covering the road and connecting on the left with the pickets of the 2d Brigade. There was at this time no enemy in our front, and during the night I received orders that the troops would move at 5 A. M. of the 5th. At 5.30 A. M. I received written orders to witlidraw my pick- ets and rejoin the brigade on the road to the old Wilderness Tavern. Fifteen minutes before receiving the order to withdraw the enemy was discovered coming down the road towards us with a strong force of infantiy, preceded by cavalry. I therefore retained m}i picket line in position, disposing of my resei-ves to cover my right flank and hold the road, and immediately dispatched Adjutant Raymond to Reportto General Bartlett the approach of the enemy and await ordei's for me. The cavalry of the enemy approached to within 400 yards of my picket line on the road, and his infantry deployed to the right and left of the road in line of battle ; this disposition of his forces was immediately reported by me, and the 18th Massachusetts and 20th Maine regiments were sent out to my support. The troops were halted and moved up to the rear of my picket line, and lines of battle formed. The enemy had thrown out a very heavy line of skirmishers in my immediate front and pushed them boldly into the edge of a wood against my lines, but without firing. Our lines having been formed, and everything in readiness, an attack was ordered and I pushed my skirmish line forward at a double-quick, over an open field of a quarter of a mile, driving the enemy's line into the woods and on to their line of battle. I was followed up by my brigade, the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 5th army corps, General J. J. Bartlett, in two lines of battle, and the light became general. Part of my skirmish line fought that -of the enemy in the woods hand to hand, using the bayonet. I lost very heavily in this charge. Captain Bradish, a most gallant ofllccr, being lulled, Captain Stanway severely wounded in the arm at the very muzzle of a rebel gun, and Adjutant Raymond wounded in the foot wiiile carrj-ing orders from myself along the line. From this time out, for ■eight 8uccefislve days, we were either in a figlit or skirmish, losing more men in killed and wounded each day, including our charge at ' Allsop's Farm ' on Sunday, the 8th, where my JooS was severe, bringing but twenty-three men out of the fight. "Our work has been very severe, marching and fighting continually, the changes of 182 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. position and various strategic movements causing us to make forced and rapid marches^ ending with a fit^ht or skirmishi. We liave taken part in every engagement, were the very first to give information of the proximity of the enemy, and flred the first musket in this campaign. For twenty-five days we have not been out of sound or range of musketry or artillery, and many of my men'have been for days without shoes, having uothing^to pro- tect theii- feet but pieces of blanket tied around them, still keeping up on the march and doing all their duties. Such devotion surely deserves credit. Notwithstanding tlie unprecedented severity of the campaign, the men are in the best of spirits, full of confi- dence and hope, and certain that full and sure success will eventually crown the efforts- of our arms. "At the battle of AIlsop's Farm, on the 8th instant, Lucius E. Mills, of Company H, seized the colors of the 83d Pennsylvania from the ground, the color sergeant having been killed, and carried them twice with our front line to the top of the hill in two separate charges made by my regiment, in the second charge receiving a severe wound, but bring- ing the colors of the 83d safely off the field and returning them to the regiment. He is now in hospital suffering intensely from his wounds. I might mention many instances of individual gallantry, but where all have done so nobly it is almost impossible to particularize. " I went into the first day's fight (May 5th) with 176 muskets, and have to-day 104 muskets. My losses have been made up partly by the return of slightly wounded men to duty and the return to the regiment of a number of detached men. At the battle of 'Island Ford,' or 'Jericho's Mill,' the evening we crossed the North Anna Eiver, May 23d, we were engaged with the enemy for an hour and a half, but having the advantage of some hastily constructed breastworks, made of fence rails, our loss was small. Captain Lockley was severely wounded through the thigh in this fight. " Captain L. C. Eandall was killed in a night skirmish with the enemy on the night of the 10th. His body was carried to the rear, and interred with proper religious ceremonies by Chaplain Eowden. " Captains Bradishand Eandall have been connected with the regiment since the first organization of the three months' regiment, under Colonel Willcox. Entering the service as privates, they earned their rank by their gallantry and soldierly qualities, having been in nearly every battle in which the regiment has been engaged, each having received severe wounds in battle. In them the regiment and the service lose two noble and gallant officers. " The loss of the regiment in killed in these battles was two oificers and twenty men; wounded, five oflicers and sLxty-two men, including Lieutenants Low and Palmer among the wounded. " Mr. Greeley, in noticing the affair in the Wilderness, says: "Hill, having by an early advance secured a strong and sheltered position on a ridge crossing a road, repelled with loss the brigades of Bartlett and Ayres, of Griffin's division, that were first sent against him." Crossing the Pamunky river, the regiment advanced to near Cold Harbor,, and participated in the engagements near that place on June 1st and 2d, being ut Magnolia Swaiui) and Bethesda Cliurch. Fiuni a report of Colonel Throop regarding services of his regiment at these points: " On the Ist of Juno our lines were advanced, the regiment acting as a support to the BklrniiHh lin<', with a loss of four men wounded; on the 'id and 3d we fought the battle of 'Bethesda Church,' on the ground over which wo advanced on the 1st, losing one man killed and four wounded. We remained here in line of battle behind intrenchments until midnight of the 'jtli, when we withdrew, marching to 'Allen's Mills,' where we were put on the picket line, and rcnuiined until the morning of the 6th, then marched to the vicinity of ' Sumner's Lower Bridge,' on the Chickahominy river, where we bivouacked luid remained until the night of the 12tli, picketing the river and guarding the bridges, nnllie night of tlio 12tli we crossed tlie Chickahominy at Long Bridge and marched to ' While Oak Swamp,' to hold the roads and cover the crossing of the main army and vugon trainu. '• The night of the lUtli we marched to Charies City Court House, thence to Wilcox's Lnnditig, on the Jiiiiie.s river, wiiero lines of battle were again formed and intrenchments tlirowii up to cover llie crossing to tiio south side of the 2d army corps. We crossed the iuiuoa nver ou tnumports on the morning of the IGth, and marched directly for Peters- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 183 burg, arriving before the city about dayliirht of the 17th, since which time we have been at the front, continually exposed to the (Ire of the enemy, but well covered by heavy intrenchraents; our losses have been comparatively light. Our duties for the last tliirty days have been arduous and unceasing, but the spirits and confidence of our men r< main unshak' ^^.^^'^^^^■^' '' '•^^";-"^^^' arriving at its former encan"ipment mnvwl ti ; ,\f'f'l\^'S 'here until February 5th, 1805, it broke canip and moved to the left of the line, and m command of Colonel Geo. Lockley par- ticipated in the engagement on the 6th at Hatcher's Run, losing three killed and three taken by the enemy. It remained in camp near that i,lace until the 29Lh of March On the ;3oth of March the regiment was engaged on an attack on the e^^c-my's right at Hatcher's Run, having several vrounded. On the morning of the i>9th it broke camp and engaged the enemy the same day on the White Oak road and a so on April 1st, at Five Forks; at AmeUa Court House on the oth, at High Bridge on the 6th, and at Appomattox Court House Oil Lilv t/LiJ* From a correspondent: of 'muche^s dT'.nd t"he"ll't hf. Y^ 1*'/.^ '^""" ^° '^' ^^^^ "^^''^ *« the south side oi iiatcnei s mti and the 1st has also had its portion of the woik to do. We left canio fltn T^ "^ ^f 1^^^'- '" ^'^^'^ marching order, and took up our line of march toward the let , and reached the river about noon, where the advance was skim, shin- lU.h he enen.ys pickets. A crossing was soon effected, and we continuc-d on toward Dwddi^ Court House; bivouacked for the night about four miles from the CourtHouse aJ U o clock we were aroused and ordered to fall in quietly, and soon were on X ro^d ttiin hat we had come out on; following it a couple of mills, we bore to the left ^d sSk li'lted'S-d^L^Jt %r'n- ']'f'' "P than where we crossed during the day. He e we laltLd for daylight. The night was very cold and the troops suffered considerably nri iv having no blankets or overcoats. On Monday morning at daylight the seveSlbri"adel and divisions took their positions, our brigade occupying a line of mfSs alo ?o t^'l south bank of the nver, constructed by the rebels. All Sas quiet durng the foSioSn save an occasional picket gun. About 3 P. M. the 3d division of the 5th corns moved iooTth; annokZ^'"'''"" "'""'Tf' '"^-^"^ the enemy's pickets on the mam forc^ and soon the attack became general along the whole line. About 4 o'clock our br -ade the 4th, was ordered up to remforce the line, which was wavering, the eSy ha ini a battel "afu^rSrilSgiiund.^ ^'^ ^"'^" "'^^' "^^ ^"^ ^^"^^^^ -"^^ ^° notL^ o.'ing'?"2 "Lieutenant Colonel George Lockley was in command of the regiment The roar of battle was now terrific, and as we neared the Ime of battle the usual scene of cnn?nLn presented itself, wounded men by hundreds running, walkhig crawmi-f Tnd Soin o h« iZ rZf '''^TA ^^." '^^' "'^^ ^^'^^ ^^'^ huriing and cralhiig S/grtL'^ pi, ?s c t tmg the tops and branches m a fearful manner. We were none tSo soon for asv e neared the front we met our troops fleeing in disorder from their hue. All attempts to mli them were in yam. We begged, implored, and threatened ; they rushed fraiakaliv through om- lines cuttmg us entirely in two. The rebels were close after them ad n J ime fas to be lost, so we dashed forward through a narrow swamp and gained a lude hZ of hfi thrown up by the rebels early in the day. The enemy were also malincrfnr th^ i^ t r I ^if/r^^^^Tr^K'^f • ""^ "^'^"'^^ «-h amurderoul'^r'e tLtthe Sieff'bu te^^^^^^^^^ like chaff. They had reached to withhi ten rods of the works. Falhng back into the ed-e Til nf.7°?' they kept up a rapid and galling fire on our position. Hei-rSe^geant gS, TiUotson, Co. B, Corporal Oscar Nash, Co. A, and acting Corporal Charles Won derhck' «nH ?.f} r ^"'T'^^ '''^"^ instantly killed. Soon bullets began to come in o us both St ^d fh«V^H"'""''^;,"^^"V^'''. '^« ^"^"^y ^'^^ ^"'"^ «"« «f ^^^ Inevitable Tnk movements ^boited ■ rXnJback onT^r'n'^ ^.° '^''''''' ^^'""' ''^^ ^^^tter about fa^and^^ aooutea, lallmg back one hundred rods, forming a new line and checkino' tho nHx..,n,.« of the enemy. Darkness put a stop to further fighting hat Say. Dur"n| tte niih a slitZu IZ "^ ^'^'yr^t""' "'^V"' ^"^■"'"^' to rain, which poured alF n Tday fStzing as t teU, a«d we without tents. But time and space prevents further writing now ^ Vpn?^"" Lieutenant Colonel Geo. Lockley being wounded. Brevet Majir Cornehus B Vanvalor assumed the command and at this writing etiU has command of the rogfment " * 186 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. After the surrender of Lee the regiment proceeded to City Point, and was on duty there until xMay Itlth, when it took transports for Alexandria, arriving there on the 18th, and on the 16th of June left for Louisville, Ky., by rail, which it reached on the 21st, and encamped near Jeffersonville, lad. On the 9th of July the regiment was mustered out of service, and started, in command of Colonel Lockley, for Jackson, in this State, on the 10th, arriving there on the 12th, where it was paid oif and disbanded. The First was engaged with the eneujy while in service at Mechanicsville, Va., June 26, 1862; Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 18G2; Peach Orchard, Va., June 29, 1862; Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862; Turkey Bend, Va., June '60, 1S62; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Uarrison's Landing, Va., July 2, 1862; Gainesville, Va., August 29, 1862; Bull Kun, 2d, Va., August 30, 1862; Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; Shepardstown Ford, Va., September 20, 1862; Snicker's Gap, Va., No- vember 14, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 14, 1862; U. S. Ford, Va., January 1, 1863; Chancellorsville, Va., May 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1863; Kelly's Ford, Va., June 9, 1863 ; Ashby's Gap, Va., June 21, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Penn., July 2, 3, 4, 1863; Williamsport, Md., July 12. 1863 ; Wapping Heights, Va., July 21, 1863; Culpepper, Va., October 13, 1863; Brandy Station, Va., Oc- tober 13, 1863; Bristo Station, Va., October 14, 1863; Kapitahannock Station, Va., November 7, 1863; Cross Roads, Va., November 26, 1863; Mine Kun, Va., November 29, 1863; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 7, 1864; Laurel Hill, Va., Mav 8, 1864; Po Kiver, Va., May 10, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; Ny Kiver, Va., May 21, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 23, 1864; Jericho Mills, Va., May 24, 1864; Noel's Turn, Va., May 26, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864; Magnolia Swamp, Va., June 1, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; Weldou R. R., Va., iVugust 19, 20, 21, 1864; Peeble's Farm, Va., September 30, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 1864; Nottaway Court House, Va., December 8, 1864; Dabney's Mills, or Hatcher's Run, February 6, 7, 1865; Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865; White Oak Road, Va., March 29, 1865; Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865; Amelia Court House, Va., April 5, 1865; High Bridge, Va., April 6, lb'65; Aiiponiatiox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. This regiment had carried on its rolls in all 1,346 officers and men, and had lost 12 officers and 103 men killed in action, 3 officers and 32 men died from wounds, while 1 officer and 92 men had died of disease, being 243 of a total. " What hallows ground where heroes sleep ? 'Tis not the sculptured piles you heap! In dews that heavens far distant weep Their turl' may bloom; Or genii twine beneath the deep Their coral tomb." Note.— It was at the second battle of Bull Eun that a cannon ball carried off a poor soldirr's log. •' Carry uio to the rear!" he cried, to a tall Irish companion, who had been fighting by hiH Hide—" My leg's sliot off." Tin- coiiirudi) cimglit the wounded soldier up, and as he was about to put him across his Hlioulder, another c-aniion ball carried away the poor fellow's head. His friend, however, In the oonfiibion, did not notice Ihis, but proceeded with his burden toward the rear. "Wliat are you currying that thing for?" cried an oflicer. "Thing?" returned he. " Il'h u man wld his leg shot off." " "Why, he hasn't anv head!" cried the officer. The hn|.ii,.r looked ai his loud, and for the first time saw that what the officer said was true. 'ilirowlng down the body he thundered out: "Confound him! he tould me it was his K-gl" SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. Arise! let our banner be flung to the skies! See, the northern battalions are roused to the fight! The echoing mountains shall walie to our cries; Our country and liberty! God and the right! The 2d Infantry was recruited and called into service as a three months' regiment, and was rendezvoused as such under the following order- Ijut on mstructions from the War Department, it was reorganized and enlisted for three years, allowing those who did not desire to enter the service for that term to with- draw, and the members of companies who remained were recognized as in the service of the State from the date of the order referred to until mustered into the service of the United States, and were paid by the State accordingly : MILITAKY DEPAKTMENT, MICHIGAN Adjutant General's Office, Detroit, Mick., April 25th, 1861. GENERAL OEDER No. 6. I. The 2d Eegiment Michigan Infantry is now formed, and the following officers are hereby appointed: Israel B. Richardson, to be colonel; Henry L. Chipman to bo hVn tenant colonel; A. W. Williams, to be major. ^ ^mpman, to be heu- II. The following companies will constitute the regiment, viz.: Scott Guard Adri-m Guard, Hudson Artillery (as infantry), Flint Union Guard, Battle Creelv ArtiUerv a? infantry), Constantine Union Guard, East Saginaw Guard, Kalamazoo Light Guard Kalamazoo No. 2, Niles Company. ^ vjuaiu, III The captains of these companies will report forthwith by letter to their colonel at Detroit, and await his orders before moving. ^wiunei, au IV. The colonel will, in orders, designate the letters of companies and the rank of th^ captains respectively, and complete the organization. ******•♦, By order of the Commander-in-Chief, JNO. ROBERTSON, Adjutant General. With the exception of the Kalamazoo (No. 2) and Niles, the rec^iment was made up of the uniformed militia companies, and all were recruited and organized at the places named. On I he receipt of his appointment. Colonel Richardson promptly issued the following order: Headqtjartees 2d Rko't Mich. Infantry ) Detroit, April 2Uth, ISb'l, ' \ BATTALION ORDER No. 1. I. Quarters for the accommodation of this regiment being now in preparation for its reception, its different companies will commence their movements upon this olace on I uesday next, under direction of their respective captains y ^ 188 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. II Each comnanv \yill so ananire its movements as to arrive in this city during the day time, the captain reporting in person to the colonel, who will designate the position of each' to occupy in "line of battle." IV. The quarters at the Agricultural Fair Grounds to be occupied by the regiment will hereafter be known under the name of Cantonment Blair. I. B. RICHARDSON, Colonel Second Michigan Infantry. The companies assigned to this regiment had been anxiously awaiting at their ret^peciive locutions for acceptance into service, and on the receipt of the order of the 2Gth to rendezvous at Detroit, with remarkable promptness imme- diately commenced their movement, and all were in camp on the evening of the 27th, much to the surprise of the colonel who had expected that some days would elapse before they would reach camp, and as a cousequence the quarters were not in good condition for their reception. Extract from Colonel Kichardsou's Battalion Order No. 4, dated at Oantou- ment Bhiir, May 1st, 1861 : The different companies composing this regiment will take their positions in line of buttle from right to left in the following order, and will be known hereafter by the annexed letters : Scott Guard, known as Company A. Hudson Artillery, known as Company B. Battle Creek Artillery, kuown as Company C. Adrian Guard, known as Company D. Niles (Color Company), known as Company E. Flint Union Gieys, known as Company F. Constantine Union Guard, known as Company G. East Saginaw Guard, known as Company H. Kalamazoo Light Guard No. 1, known as Company I. Kalamazoo Blair Guard No. 2, known as Company K. * ^4c ^ ^ ^ iit Hi ^ if While in process of organization the regiment was transferred to Fort Wayne, near Detroit, where its recruitment was completed, being mustered into the service of the United fStates May 2oth, 18G1, with l,Ulo OfHcers and men on its rolls, bea) Camp Bebky, >• Barkamsville, Va., May 10th, 1S62. ) SiTi :— The events which crowded on us after the battle of the 5th, its stormy night, the care of the wounded, the attention to the slain, the collection of the trophies, the moves of the next day, havhig prevented my report embracing the distinguished acts, of individ- uals, not serving in my actual presence, induced me to request that the superior authority of the commander of the corps would be employed to usse, as my own, the separate report of those, my brigade commanders, who so nobly sustained my effort by their gallantry ; and who amply fulfilled the high prestige which they had won as colonels of noble regiments. The battle on the left of the line was a series of assaults by the enemy, and repulses and onsets by ourselves, the fresh reinforcements of the enemy continually tending to outflank us. General Berry was ever on the alert, and by good arrangements and personal exam- ple influenced the ardor of all around him. His regiments fought most desperately. It was one of them. Colonel Poe's 2d Michigan, more direetly under my control, which main- taii;eti the key point of our position. Two of its companies led off with the first success of tli(! day, while covering the artillery. Colonel Poe had already won a reputation in "Western Virginia. He was a distinguished oflleer of the U. S. Army before taking command of this regiment. I especially notice him for advancement. His loss in killed, wounded, and missing is sixty. The principal loss on the left, of the two regiments (the fourth of the brigade) , 3d Mich- igan Volunteers, Colonel Champlin, serving immediately under the eye of General Berry, was very severe. The loss was ninety-six" Colonel Terry, conunanding the 5th Michigan, was principally engaged in carrying rifle pits (a redoubt) in the woods. His loss is the highest on the list of killed and wounded, being 154. I have Lho honor to bo Very respectfully, PHILIP KEAENY, Brigadier General. At Fair Oaks the 2(1, still in command of Colonel Poe, is conspicuously marked for bravery. The press of the day says: " Meantime Hcintzelman sends forward Kearny to recover Casey's lost ground. A des- poral."^ light is going on at the extreme left. The enemy is successfully held in front of CoueirB old intrenched camp until Kearny's division arrives, when he stavs the torrent of battle. Onn after another his gallant regiments push forward, and press "back the fiery rebels, with more daring than their own. The 55th New York wins new laurels, and Poe's 2(1 Michigan Is bullied in blood; 500 of them charge across the open field against ten times their number, su.pping them in mid-career, losing seventeen brave fellows in that one doBpcrute csauy. " MICHIGAN I.N THE WAE. I93 it was Lt on tho1eoo?di',"„f ;::'Ut,T„^^':i;°^r. '' "'"'*=°^'" '° """^ days. ToKfrland '''""■'°''™ ""O ^l'"" have lull credit tor thes; Your friend. ,.„ KEARNY, Brigadier General. engagements at Jo.dan'sSo.;/cr it'St^^s: a^^^ tee/^nSru'd^iltL'To^i^^^^^ 2? ^.«^-ent Michigan Volun: Lincoln early in the morning of Jun^ Sth mSin^^^^^ line of march from Camp saw mill road until we reached a^ open field thShnH i? *^^ '■^''' •''^ <^^^ ^^'^P- down the division as a camping ground ^ ^""^ ^""^ ^^®° occupied by General Couch's ligh?Sl.'i;SI"i' tL'S;: ol'the^r r^^^?^^^- ^ ^°^ ^' ^^^- thrown forward to a marched from our camp ^Th/eecompaS;s^lr''''^l^l'^f ^""^ ''^'^'^ which we had vedettes on the roads le\%1ftL^^rCr;rn'^^dln.^^i:e ^r ^^"' #owrdtls far as the saw miU in steps, took the road to.•-raJ:^a■l'^y^^^^^^^ retraced^'thJS h^- I^IF f ^""« J"^"ed the column and marched wif-V it /^ *^^ "^'^^'"^ ^^« ^'^cross- beyond Bracket's Ford and encamped for thS^nioht ""^^ ^""^ ^^"'^ '^o "^i^es joined "tL\'"irde?andTrwSe'ma?c\7dt ^^^™^°.^ ^«-^^^^' - ^ ^ ""' ^'"' "^« <^"emy was observed ".ul, Ist.-A. . A, M. we were ordered to call 1„ our plc.et, a„d .are. at ooee. We 194 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. were soon on the road and about 5 A. M. reached Haxall's Landing on the James river. After a short rest we were inarched up to the right and front of the line, then being formed to meet a threatened attacli of the enemy. On reaching the ground we, with the rest of the brigade, were placed in position to support our batteries, that were now placing on the enemy's advancing columns, or replying to a fierce fire from his batteries. "We reached this position about 9 A. M. and remained here until 12 M. During the whole of this time the shot and shell from the enemy's guns were incessantiy flying over our heads and through our ranks. At 12 M. we were drawn back under shelter of the hill, where we remained until again ordered to march. "July 2d.— A httle past midnight and we were again marching and taking the road down tiie river, reaching the camp (Harrison's Landing) of the army about 9 A. M. "I omitted to mention in the proper connection that Major Dillman was carried to the rear at 12 M., July 1st. He was obliged to go, from the excessive labor and fatigue of the last few days. "By order of Brigadier General Berry I at once assumed command of the regiment." The regiment remained at Harrison's Landing until August 15th, when, in command of Colonel Poe, it took up the line of march via Charles City in the direction of Williamsburg, reaching there on the 18th. On the 19th marched to Yorktown, and next day embarked on a steamer for Alexandria, reacliing there on the 21st, and on the 23d took a train for Warrenton Junction, from whence it marched to Manassas, arriving there on the 28th at noon. At 3 P. M. left for Centerville, and at Blackburn's Ford met and engaged the enemy's cavalry, repulsing them and reaching Centerville at 6 P. M. On the 29th the regiment, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Dillman, Colonel Poe being in command of the brigade, continued the march, and crossing Bull Kun moved to the front, deployed as skirmishers, and on recrossing Bull Kun soon discovered the enemy in force, when he opened a heavy fire with shell and shrapnell from a number of batteries. Soon the regiment was with- drawn across the stream under a heavy fire from the batteries. On the 30th, again deployed as skinnishers, moving down the stream by the right flank, and recrossing it withdrew from the field ; became engaged in protecting the flank and rear of the brigade from the numerous assaults of the enemy's cavalry, and ahhdugh several furious charges were made they were gallantly repulsed and tiie marcli resumed, reaching Centerville about 11 P. M. On September 1st tiie regiment, with its brigade, broke camp at Centerville, marching in the direction of Fairfax Court House, and when about three miles out met the enemy at Chantilly, at 4 P. M., when a severe and bloody engage- ment took place, continuing until dark, which put an end to the contest, the regiment remaining on picket duty on the battlefield until 3 A. M., then took up ilic line of march for Fairfax, arriving there at sunrise. During tlic remainder of the montli the regiment made several short marciies, finally reacliing Fort Ward, wliere it encamped until on the 25th, and tiicn marched to Ui)ton's Hill, and in October the 3d corps, in which the regiment was serving, made a reconnoissance as a corps of observation up the Potomac as far a.s Fd wards Ferry, Md. On October 11th the 2d, with its brigade, broke camp, marching in the direction of the (;hain Bridge, and crossing it continued the march via Ten- nullytown, Uockvillc, and DanisLown, there bivouacked for the night. Re- sumed the march ni-xt morning, and during the forenoon formed line of battle to meet Stuart's Cavalry ; tiien proceeded to Fdwards Ferry, reaching there at ? P. AI., encamping for the nigiit. Here it remained on i)icket duty along the canal until ilie 2«th, when the march was again resumed to White's Ford, via Poolsville; then crossed into Virginia, marching in the direction of Lees- burg, arriving there on the 3l8t. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. I95 fi.P^/'^TAr"'; ^f ^^'' "''''''•' ^'^' continued via Mellville, reaching there on ?ro^. B^lw^^^ the ]5ththe regiment was tfansfeneS troai iSeny s bngade Birnoy's division, 3d corps, to 1st brigade, Burns's divis.oii^^ 9th corps, and joined the command at AVhite Sulphur'sn n^s sime day ^ext day marciied to Bealton Station, on the Orange and A exandr a Radroad, and pushed on to near Warrenton Junction. OniL 7th n'^led towards Fredericksbnig, arriving opposite that place on the 19th,\vrn he regiment was placed on picket duty, and on the 21st went into camp near Fal! nouth, and on the 29th to a point in front of Fredericksburg, whe eTt ^48 placed on duty supporting a battery. ^ The regiment crossed the Rappahannock on the first day of the battle of Fredericksburg, December 12th, and was held in reserve durin^ the en^r^^^ ment but was shelled by the enemy, sustaining a loss of one kil ed ad one wounded, and recrossing on the 16th went into camp. In J^ebruaiy, 1863, the regiment with its brigade moved to Newport News Va., and on the 19Lh of March took its route via Baltimore, PaSbur^ aT'd Louisville, to Bardstown, Kentucky. , -^ 'txiieiboui^, ana ^.^.Tvlo^J^^^^^ colonel of the regi- order': "" ' '''' assuming command promulgated the following Battalion Order ) Headquakteks Second Michigan Infantry. } No 30 ' [ Lebanon, Ay., April 25th, 18G3. ] Official: Wm. Noble, Adjutant. ^oS^/^?r H^^II^HrvEY. •^ • Lolonel Jd Michigan Injantry. Remaining in Kentucky during April and May following, in June, with the 9th corps. It reintorced the army of General Grant in Mississippi ' It served with distinction on the Grant campaign, being enc/agcd in the siecre a part o which was the 9th corps, in pursuit of General Johnstone who then l\ZrW\\7":lP '■'' '''' ''^r'' '' ^^"'^'^""- ^'--^'-^g from canip a rhP il h ' ^^ 'J" .^^"""'^^"^^ ^^ <^olonel Humplirey, and then serving in evening of the ]Oth. On the 11th, the regiment being deployed as skirmishers wa^ obHri . '"' '^-^ enemy from their rifle pits in fintof the town b i ounds ^w.K^ ^^'''^T"?"'' '" ''''''' '^'^^'^^oss in killed and died of On ^l.H 1T"'^f^^''^^ ""^^ prisoners, eight; total, fiftv-six. On the 13th and 14th, the loss m front of Jackson was two taken prison.,; and one wounded. On the 18th and lUtli, the reg^ient burned the d pot ad o e 196 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. up the track at Madison Station, on the Memphis and New Orleans railroad. It then moved via Jackson to Milldale. ^ . ,, « • 4. Colonel Humphrey, in his report, thus details its movements in the affair at Jackson : " A«- «; A M I was ordered by Colonel Leasure, commanding the brigade, to deploy my reeiment as skirmishers on the left of the skirmish line of the 1st brigade-to keep my connection lith it perfect- to be guided in the movements of my line strictly by those of ?he reSmenTon mv right, and to advance until I drew the fire of the enemy s artillery '•I ft ^nS deployed my regiment as directed, and moved forward, meeting with only sli-ht oppos^ion from the enemy until about six o'clock, when he opened a brisk fire along mv who^e line. We had come up to the enemy strongly posted in frontof my right on a deep water course and on my lelt in a heavy woods. For an hour a brisk skirmish was kept up The enemy made a determined resistance, but was gradually forced back toward ^'- At^7 A*^"m the order came down the line from the right to ' Forward! double-quick!' The men at once advanced with a cheer, drove in the enemy's skirmishers through their camps and into their reserves, strongly posted in a deep ravine, charged and broke the reserve and drove it up out of the ravine into its main support, drawn up in line of batt e on the top of the s(Milh bank of the ravine, charged under a hot tire of musketry and artil- lery up the steep bank agamst the main body, broke this line, and drove the enemy withm '^'^Vo waited now for our support to come up, but on sending for it were surprised to And we had none. The regiment on my right, for some reason unknown to me, advanced but a short distance, then fell back to the line left by it a few moments before. By some mistake the three companies (C, F, and H,) on the left did not advance with the rest of the regiment in this charge, which was made with about 170 men. Fifty of these, almost one third liad fallen. The enemy was being reinforced and we were entirely without support with no connection on the right and no troops on our left. Thus situated, to- hold for' any length of time the ground we had so dearly won would be impossible. I therefore put my men under cover of the bank of the ravine through which we had ad- vanced within twenty yards of the enemy's works, and held the position until the wounded were carried to the rear, and then following the movement of the regiment on my right. fell back to the line from which we bad advanced an hour before." Headquarteks 2d Michigan Infaktky, ) BATTAiiiON Okder, ) /«■ front of Jackson, Miss., July 23th, 1S63. ) No. — . ' \ With a grateful pride I congratulate the officers and men of the regiment who partici- pated in tlie engagement of the morning of the 11th inst. Oi)posed by a great! v superior force, strongly posted and strongly supported, you obfvod with alacrity the ortler to "forward double-quick," and though deployed as skir- misiu^rs, your daring, audacious impetuosity earned you against and broke the solid line of battle of the ememy, and drove him in confusion behind his works and under cover of his artillerv. This aciiif from different points. Should he hazard an attack on our lines before retreating, he will find that his reception at Fort Saunders was a foretaste of what he will receive at every point of our works. By oommaini of Brigadier General R. B. Potter. NICHOLAS BROWN, A. A. G. The extreme sulloring from cold and hunger of Burnside's army at Knoxvilie was without a parallel in the wliole war. Following is a memorandum of an inspection of one brigade, wliich unquestionably represented the condition of Burnside's entire army at that time : MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 199 Jackson, December 2d, 1879. General John Robertson, Adjutant General, Lansing, Michigan : Dear Sir: — I do not yet find the orders concerning the naming of the forts about Knoxville, Tennessee, but to-day I find a memorandum of an inspection of the brigade, of which I was temporarily in command on the 4th of January', 1864, while we were in camp at Blaiu's Cross-Roads, East Tennessee. The memorandum is confined to the condition of the men as to requisite clothing for winter wear, but we were as short of all other classes of supplies as of clothing, and for the same reason, viz.: no communication with our base of supplies. The numbers in the several columns show the number of men in the several regiments destitute of clothing as per the " headings": MEMORANDUM. BEGIMENTS IN BRIGADE. Second Michigan Infantry One Hundredth Pennsylvania... Twentieth Michigan Infantry.. . Seventeenth Michigan Infantry.. Provost Guard Totals ■ d £ c a o 3 a 3 - C w o J3 OB c e n > o a o 00 2 1 c "S S " o o o - o ^ Z !5 IZ z ^ S5 a z 70 63 7 42 35 99 PO 31 6 150 108 24 164 62 223 85 47 3 53 121 17 123 75 169 89 §6 1 92 84 16 128 40 150 51 49 2 9 10 1 14 6 16 10 3 374 386 65 471 218 657 295 186 11 6 " 186 297 300 210 22 1,015 If the above is of any use to you it is at your service. Very respectfully, WM. HUMPHREY. Late Colonel 2d Michigan Infantry. December 8th the regiment marched, in command of Captain J. V. Kuehle, to Rutledge, and on the 15th met the enemy at Thurley's Ford, and thence on the 16th to Blain's Cross Roads, where it remained until the middle of January, 1864. At this place 198 of the regiment reenlisted as Veteran Volunteers. From Blain's Cross Roads it proceeded to Strawberry Plains and Knoxville, thence to Erie Station, where it encamped until February 4th. Here it re- ceived orders to report at Detroit, and arrived there on the 24th, the returning veterans being f urloughed for thirty days. Anticipating their return to the State, their old commander, Colonel Poe, who had been Chief Engineer during the seige of Knoxville, wrote a friend in Detroit a letter, of which the following is an extract. Coming from one so capable of judging, it unquestionably estimates correctly the bravery and valu- able services of the regiment, while it breathes the true feelings of his heart for those he had commanded in so many hard fought fields, and whom he loved so well : " On the 24th November, 1863, the Second Michigan with 150 men, charged the enemy's rifle-pits. The Major lost his leg and was mortally wounded through the hips; Adjutant Noble and Lieut. Galpin were killed ; six Sergeants lost a leg each; the color- bearer was mortally wounded, and has since died ; in ail eighty-four were killed and wounded out of the small party,— about sixty per cent. Yet the remnant of the brave old regiment was in the bastion which the enemy tried to carry by assault on the morning of the 2'Jth, and their courage and cheer were as great yesterday as when I took command of them two yeais ago a thousand strong. 200 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. There is no language that can exaggerate the behavior of these " braves." They will probably be almost unnoticed in Detroit, because they have ever been too proud to seek any demonstration. Yet I would pity any one's humanity who could look unmoved upon that remnant of a regiment whose flag has area enough to bear the names of only a por- tion of their battles. Proud am I that I was ever associated with such heroes, and if there is any event of my Ufe with wliich I am particularly satisfied, it is that I built Fort Saun- ders, and that, protected by its parapet, the regiment I once had the honor to command hurled back, discomfited and demoralized, more than ten times their number of the best troops in the rebel service. There is something sublimely grand in the steady, quiet courage of those men of our "Second." They are all intelligent enough to know their danger, and always true and brave enough to face it. They never yet have failed in time of need, and they never will. I would ask no higher honor than to ride at their head thrbugh the streets of Detroit, for you know I am ashamed neither of them, their deeds, nor of my enthusiasm for them. 'l have written thus warmly about them because my feelings are wrought up, and I know you can appreciate them. If any of the wounded Second reach Detroit I beg of you to look after them as I know you can." Rendezvousing at Mt. Clemens, it was ordered on the 4th of April, 1864, to proceed to Annapolis, Maryland, and join its corps, which in the meantime had moved from East Tennessee to reinforce the Army of the Potomac. On the 22d the regiment left Annapolis for Washington, and on the 5th of May, in command of Colonel Humphrey, and then in the 1st brigade, same division and corps, crossed the Rapidan river and joined the army. Taking part with that army in the great campaign upon which it had just entered, the 2d shared with it its sufferings, its privations, and its glories. On the 6th of May it participated in the battle of the Wilderness, losing six killed and thirty-two wounded and missing. May 9th it marched to Freder- icksburg via Chancellorsville. On the 10th, 11th, and 12tli it was in the bat- tle of Spottsylvania Court House, where it lost two killed and nine wounded. Captain James Farrand being one of the killed. Captain Farrand was in com- mand of the regiment a part of the 12th, Colonel Humphrey having been placed temporarily in command of a brigade. While Farrand had command, a rebel brigade, under General Wilcox, advanced rapidly and unexpectedly on a battery of four guns, 19th N. Y., killing or wounding every man before a gun could be fired, and taking possession of some of the guns. Farrand in- stantly called for volunteers from the 2d, who manned the guns, putting in a double charge of canister to that already in, and with these guns, loaded to the muzzle, opened a terrific and destructive fire on the brigade with great slaugh- ter, checking and driving it from the attack, saving the battery and preventing an overwhelming charge on the union troops in that immediate locality. Gen- eral Willcox (Michigan) says in his report: " On the 12th of May the main battle of Spottsylvania, my division marched in resei-ve to the cor|)s until I was ordered up to attack on the left of the 1st division— as my left the Second Brigade— Colonel Humphrey, Second Michigan, now commanding the brigade was ulreudy skirmishing with the enemy. I moved up in echelon, Hartranft's brigade on the right and in advance. Found General Crittenden, commanding 1st division had refused hi.s left, and I iiK^ved up Hartranft in Une with his right. Posted Twichell's Battery on my riglit front and lioemer's Battery in rear of Humphrey's Brigade and reported to General Burnside that I expected an advance of the enemy to attack and turn my left, now the extreme left of the Army of the Potomac. '•The order was reiterated for me to attack in front and in line with Crittenden, and was obeyed as |)romptly as Humphrey's Brigade could be moved up, but I took the precau- tion to advise Lieutenant Beujamiu, chief of artillery, to mass batteries in rear of my left, wliicli he promptly tiid, bringiii},' up two additional batteries. I had no sooner advanced iny troops in two linos when they met my attack in the woods on my right front and brought up a fh^d battery to an opening opposite my left centre, and fired solid shot and C'unlHtuse battery. These regiments promptly appeared. Brigadier-General Hurtranl't, commanding the 3d division, now came up in person, and I requested him to move Ills available force direct upon the fort. He promptly and gallantlv took command of the two n-giments alreiidy out without waiting for the rest of his command. I ordered tiio 1/lh Mi.lugan to deploy as skjinii.shcrs on his right. This regiment, with only one huiulrr<| m.M, m Us raidcs, uiKk-r conmiand of Major Mathews, moved forward at the same time Willi General Ilartiaiift's line, capturing most of the enemy's skirmishers in their Irout, about tweuty-Uvo in number, and inclining to the right, connected with the skir- MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. W$ mishers of Ely's brigade. While Hartranft was operating in rear of Steadman the enemy's- force, which had moved towards Battery No. 9 and halted, was rehiforced by Ransom's brigade, and opened an attack upon that battery. This attack was handsomely repulsed by my skirmishers and troops of the 2d brigade in Battery No. 9, assisted by artillery, particularly one piece of Eoemer's battery, under Major Koemer himself. The enemy attempted to retreat back to their own entrenchments, when they were charged by de- tachments of the 2d Michigan, who captured some prisoners. Troops of the 2Uth and 2d Michigan also threw themselves into the picket line of the 2d biigade, and poured such a fire on the Hank of the enemy that over 300 threw down their arms and surrendered them- selves on the spot. " Oil the 3d of April the regiment was engaged in the capture of Petersbttrg, with slight loss, after which it moved to the South Side K. R., about eighteen miles from the city, and remained there until the 18th, when it embarked at City Point, in command of Colonel Frederick Schneider, and reaching Alexan- dria, remained there a few days, and moved into camp at Tannallytown, and on the 27lh of May it was detached for duty in the city of Washington, when, on the 29th of July, having been mustered out of service, it started for Michi- gan, arriving at Detroit August 1st, where it was paid off and disbanded. The engagements of the regiment were at Blackburn's Ford, Va., July 18. 1861 ; Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861 ; siege of Yorktown, Va., April 4 to May 4, 1862; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; Fair Oaks, Va., May 31 and June 1, 1862; near Richmond, Va., June 18, 1862; Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Bull Run, 2d, Va., August 28, 29, 30, 1862; Chantilly, Va,, September 1, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 12, 13, 14, 1862; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., June 22 to July 4, 1863; Jackson, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863; Blue Spring, Tenn., October 10, 1863; Loudon, Tenn., November 14, 1863; Lenoir Station, Tenn., November 15, 1863; Campbell's Station, Tenn., Novembi.'r ,6, 1863; siege of Knoxville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1863; Knoxville, Tenn., November 24, 1863; Fort Saunders, Tenn., November 29, 1863; Thurley's Ford, Tenn., December 15, lb63 ; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 22, 1864; near Knoxville, Tenn., January 24, 1864; Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 9, 1864; Spott- sylvania, Va., May 10, 11, 12," 1864; Ox Ford, Va., May 23, 1864; North Anna, Va., May ;^4, '^5, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2 and 3, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Peters- burg, Va., June 17, 18, 1864; The Crater, Va., July 30, 1864; Weldon R. R., Va., August 19. 21, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; Poplar Springs Church, Va., September 30, 1864; Pegram Farm, Va., October 2, 1864; Boydtun Road, Va., October 8, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 28, 1864; Fort Stead mun, Va., March 25, 1865; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. During the term of service of this regiment it had borne on its rolls 2,151, and its losses were — killed in action, live officers, ninety-five men; died of wounds, six officers, ninety-nine men; died of disease, four officers, one hun- dred and twelve men. " Oh, take our heroes, God, we pray, Baptized in freedom's name they come; Far up the everlasting way We watch our loved ones going home." Notes.— Modesty in General Eichardson was so predominant as to prejudice his owq Interests, and distrust in his own ability seemed to be a characteristic. An incident con- nected with his appointment to the 2d Michigan confirms these assertions. When the Gov- ernor came to select the officers for the regiment, H. L. Chipman was to be the lieu- 204 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. tenant colonel and Eichardson the major. Chipman having made the military profession a study from boyhood, and being well posted ou the subject, and having had some practi- cal experience while in command of an independent company, preferred that the colonel of the regiment should be a graduate of West Point. In order to meet his views on that point, the Governor decided to make Richardson the colonel, which was perfecyy satis- factory' to Chipman. The Adjutant General was du-ected to send for Richardson, who duly made his appearance at the office. On being so informed by the General, Richard- son became agitated to some extent, his face coloring up, his head dropping a little, casting his eyes upon the ground— was silent for a short time; then, without raising his head, said: "I did not expect anything higher in the regiment than the majority. I think it is all that I am capable o"f. I do not think I am fit to command a regiment of men, and would rather decline the colonelcy." This is the officer who not only made a very superior colonel, but also a prominent and successful brigade and division commander, developing military qualifications for higher command, and it is generally believed that if he had lived but a very few months longer he would have been placed in command of the Army of the Potomac. Although during and immediately following the Peninsular campaign his outspoken demonstrations of the management of that disastrous part of the war brought down upon him the displeasure of some in authority to such an extent as to compel him to leave his command, but he was aftei-wards induced by his friends, who interfered in his behalf, to return to the field. In the wars of other countries have appeared and gained an undying fame women of enlarged philanthropy, with self-sacrificing natures, and a lieroism amid pestilence and scenes of abhorrent carnage, more glorious than that which dares the cannon's mouth. Yet they are but few when compared with the women of our own country, who risked their lives in the battle, and devoted their services and wasted their strength in the same fields of labor in our late war, and Michigan was not without her examples. While many might be named, there is one who stands out as presenting the longest and most constant service. Anna Ethcrage, a native of Detroit, was about 21 j'ears of age when the war broke out. Her father once a man of wealth, her early days were spent in the lap of luxury, with every wish gratified. But misfortune came and swept away his property. Broken in fortune and depressed in spirit, he removed to Minnesota, whex'e he died, leaving Anna at the age of twelve in comparative want. On the breaking out of the war she was visiting her friends in Detroit, and at once volunteered and went as a nurse with the 2d Michigan Infantry to the field, serving with it for some time, but afterward became attached to the oth Infantiy, and continued her sei-vice until the war closed, returning with that regiment to tlie State on its muster out. She was furnished with a horse, side-saddle, and saddle- bags, and at the commencement of a battle she was accustomed to supply herself with lint, bandages, etc., mounts her horse, gallops to the front, passes under fire regardless of shot or shell, engages in the work of staunching blood and binding up wounds. On one occasion a wounded soldier was torn to pieces by a shell while she was binding up his wuunds, and on many fields has her dress been shot through and through by bu leLs and fragments of shell. Yet she never flinched and never was wounded. She is of German dcbcent, small of stature, fair complexion, but while in service much bronzed by exposure; brown hair, a vigorous constitution, and decidedly good-looking. Her demeanor w'as modest, quiet, and retiring, her habits and conduct correct and exemplary. No vulgar word escaped her lips, and she was held in the highest veneration and esteem by the aoldiiirs. On the marcli she was with the ambulances, caring when needs be for the sick and wounded, and in tlio bivouac she wrapt herself in her blanket and slept on the ground witli tlio luudiiiood of a true soldier. Slie has the honor to wear the "Kearny Badge," which was presented to her while in the service by that gallant General. Tlio (jrdcr of a popular and well-known ex-State officer, then a Sergeant in the 2d Mich- igan, afterwards a Colonel of a regiment, then a prisoner in Libby, and who aided in con- structing till! celebrated tunnel leading from that lainous hotel, making his escape at the time, and on crossing the union lines telegraphed his friends in the north, " I am in God's country once more." Headquartiuis 2x) Regiment Michigan Inpantex, / "'"'"''Na'iy/.""""' i ^'""'2/ Potoinac, July, 1861. \ 1. Tho Onleiiy .Scr(foant8 nrc licicliy oiiU'ieU to Uic Qiiartcnnaslirs to receive tlieir resiiective rnlloiiH of |.lcn, inchcrvfH, mid < hI.ch, as ilu-v will he ibsutil aL picciselv 5o'cl(ick every I'. M. 'I. Kacli C'(>iii|.iiiiy ^\ ill be enilileil lo iliice cabke ol lager beer auU iilty bologna sausages every Siimliiy iiioriilng. jo o j Ait,iTua.,T. /^>/^...«, „ ... "Signed," IJII.L McCUEERY, AUbUSlUS GOEBLE, AdixUant. Colonel Coiamanding Regiment. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 205 Captain H. H. Mosley, late of Company G, 4:th Alabama Infantry, in a letter under date of Marion, Alabama, March 17th, 1879, accompanying the sword of Adjutant Noble, killed at Knoxville, sent to his sister. Mis. Brainard, says: ♦ « • "when the 2d Michigan Infantry charged our skirmish line it was very near exhausted when it reached that portion of the line which I commanded; a largo portion were killed and wounded be- fore they reached us by an enfilading fire from another portion of our line. Adjutant Noble being one of the number that reached us, was killed within a few steps of where I was, with most of the balance of his comrades who got that far. The firing ceased in le.ss than five mmutes after he was killed, and I stepped to where his body was. I particularly noticed him as he was such a nice looking young man. He was dead when I got to him. Adjutant Noble's sword being better than mine, I gave mine away and put his on, and have had it in my possession ever since. You are aware that General Grant allowed all of our officers at the surrender to retain their side arms, hence I brought your brother's sword home with me. I also saw the Major (Byington) of the 2d Michigan, who was mor- tally wounded at the same time your brother was kiUed, and he died next day." * General Kearny, of famous gallantry, one of the bravest of the brave, when in a tight place on the Peninsula, and while a battle was raging, called furiously, "Send me a regi- ment," and then apparently thinking for a moment, shouted, "Send me a Michigan regi- ment, quick!" On another occasion, when the darkness had brought the day's battle to a close, wearied with excessive service, and desiring quiet for the night, he ordered, "Put a Michigan regiment on guard, so that I can sleep to-night." In Company F, 2d Michigan, there enlisted at Flint Franklin Thompson (or Frank, as usually called), aged twenty, ascertained afterward and about the time he left the regi- ment to have been a female, and a good looking one at that. She succeeded in concealing her sex most admirably, serving in various campaigns and battles of the regiment as a soldier; often employed as a spy, going within the enemy's lines, sometimes absent for weeks, and is said to have furnished much valuable information. She remained with the regiment until April, 1863, when it is supposed she apprehended a disclosure of her sex and deserted at Lebanon, Kentucky, but where she went remains a mystery. Heauquartkrs 1st Brigade, Burn's Division, ; Spkcial Orders, ) Opposite FredericksUarg, Va., December dth, 1862. \ NO. 19. i II. Private Frank Thompson, companj; F, 2<1 Michigan Volunteers, is detailed on special duty at these headquarters as postmaster and mail carrier for the brigade. Signed, O. M. POE, Colonel Commanding Brigade. Official: James Reid, Lievt. and A. A. A. O. THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. " Shall our good swords in scabbards rust, Our flag, dishonored, trail in dust, When rebels seek our subjugation? Perish the thought! Our blades are drawn, Swift to defend our bleeding nation." The recruitment of tiie 3d regiment commenced almost simultaneously with that of the 2d, j)ressing hard to get into service, but was not accepted until May 15th, 1861, by the following order: Military Depaktment, Michigan, ) Adjutant General's Office, >• General Orders, ) Detroit, Mich., May 13th, 1861. ) No. 14. \ The 3d Kegiment, already formed and rendezvoused at Grand Eapids, consists of the following field and staff officers and companies, and are hereby appointed and assigned. Company officers will be appointed when mustered: Daniel McConnell, colonel. Ambrose A. Stevens, lientenant colonel. Stephen G. Champlin, major. D. Willard Bliss, surgeon. Zonas E. Bliss, assistant surgeon, llobcrt M. Collins, quartermaster and commissary. Companies A, B, and C, Grand Bapids; D, Saranac; E, Lyons; F, Fraud Kapids; G, Hastings; H, Georgetown; I, Grand Bapids; K, Lansing. The field and staff officers and captains of companies will report to Colonel McConnell for duty. By order of the Commander-in-Chief. JNO. KOBEBTSON, Adjutant General. Tlie regiment was organized under the direction of Colonel McConnell, who held a commission as colonel of the uiiifoinicd militia, and who had for some time previous been identified with the uniformed troops in Grand Kajjids and vicinity. It was mustered into the i-ervice of the State M;iy 21sl, subject to be mustered into the service of the United States, which was accomplished Juno loth. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Daniel McConnell, Grand Rapids. Lieutenant Colonel, Ambrose A. Stevens, Saranac. Major, Stephen G. Champlin, Grand Bapids. -Surgeon, D. Willard Bliss, Grand Baijids. Atjsibtant Surgeon, Zenas E. Bliss, Grand Bapids. Adjutant, Edward S. Eaiie, Grand Bai)ids. Quartermaster, Bobert M. Collins, Grand Baiiids. Chaplain, Francis M. Cumniings, Grand Bapids. A. <'aptain, Samuel A. Judd. Grand Bapids. First Lieutenant, Frederick Shriver, Grand liapids. Second Lieutenant, Charles D. Lyon, Grand Bapids. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 207 B. Captain, Baker Borden, Grand llapids. First Lieutenant, Elisha 0. Stevens, Graxid Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Frederick A. Stow, Grand llapids. C. Captain, Adolph Birkenstock, Grand Kapids. First Lieutenant, Max Von Krout^ Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Felix ZoU, Grand Rapids. D. Captain, I\Ioses B. Houj^hton, Saranac. First Lieutenant, Peter Z. Granger, Sara- nac. Second Lieutenant, Georgre W. Phillips, Saranac. E. Captain, Ed^Yin S. Piercts Lyons. First Lieutenant, Solomon P. Tumj', Muir. Second Lieutenant, Israel C. Smith, Grand Rapids. F. Captain, John J. Dennis, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Frederick W. Worden, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Peter A. Bo^ardus, Grand Rapids. G. Captain, John R. Price, Lansing. First Lieutenant, Robert B. Jefferds, Lansinj^. Second Lieutenant, James B. TenEyck, Lansing. H'. Captain, Emery D. Bryant, Muskegon. First Lieutenant, Charles D. Spang, Mus- kegon. Second Lieutenant, William L. Ryan, Muskegon. I. Captain, George "Weatherwax, Geoi'getown. First Lieutenant, Stephen L. Lowing, Georgetown. Second Lieutenant, Abraham J. Whitney, Hastings. K. Captain, Byron R. Pierce, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Almond Borden, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Robert M. Collins, Grand Rapids. On Monday, June 4th, a delegation of thirty-four youug ladies, representing the States of the union, arrayed in the colors of tlie national ensign, bearing u beautiful silken banner, arrived at Cantonment Anderson, near Grand Kapids. On the flag was the inscription in letters of gold: "Presented by the ladies of Grand Kapids to the 3d Kegiment Miciiigan Infantry." Colonel A. T. Mc- Keynolds delivered the presentation address in his well-kno'svu eloquence, while the chaplain of the regiment. Dr. Cummings, replied in a most appropriate, manner. The regiment, in command of Colonel I\IcConnell, left Grand Rajjids, June 13ili, 1861, for the seat of war on the Potomac with 1,040 officers and men on its rolls. The 3d was attached to Richardson's brigade, of Colonel Miles's division, and was in the action at Blackburn's Ford, June iSth: Greeley says of that affair: " Sherman's battery, Captain Ayres, did most of the actual fighting, supported by Col- onel Richaidsou's brigade, consisting of the 1st Massachusetts, 12Ui New York, and 2d and 3d Michigan. Regarded as a reconnoissance in force, the attack might be considered a success; since the result demonstrated that the main rebel army was in position along the wooded valley of Bull Run, half way between Centreville and Manassas Junction, and purposed to remain." Following is Colonel Richardson's report covering operations of his brigade: Camp of the 4th Brigade of Tyleb's Division, AND General McDowell's Corps, Near Arlington, July 25th JSOl. General : — I have the honor to submit the following report as to the operations of my brigade in front of the enemy at Bull Run, on Sunday, July 21st. On the night of July 2Uth, 1 was summoned to attend a meeting of commanders of brigades at the headquarters of the commanding ollicer in the field. General McDowell; and in conmion with the other commanders of brigades, I was instructed as to what was exi»ected of my particular com- mand on the followuig day — that is, I was to defend the position which I tlien occupied in front of the enemy, called the Blackburn Ford, and about one mile in his front, where wo had been for the last three days. I was also ordered to consider myself under the com- mand of Colonel D. S. Miles, United States Army, who was to command his own brigade at Centreville, as well as my own and that of Colonel Davies, midway between the two — these three brigades constituliiig what was then called the reserve. Attached to my brigade was the field battery of Major Hunt, United States Army, and also the rilled bat- tery of ten-pounders, under Lieutenant Green, United States Aimy. I was to open lire on the enemy, for the purpose of making a diversion, not before, but soon after liearing the report of General 'lyier's cannonade on my right, to carry out which purpose I mad© the following disposition of the brigade: The two batteries I placed on the ridge of the hill, 208 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. in view of the enemy; the 3d Michigan infantry on the left of the road, in line of battle. Still further, six hundred yards to the left, on a commanding hill, I had placed the day before two companies of the 1st Massachusetts regiment, for the purpose of occupying a log bam and a frame barn ; which companies pushed pickets still further to our left for the security of that point, which I considered a good position for artillery. In a rav«ie, half way between the two positions, I placed also a company of the 1st Massachusetts regi- ment, which pushed pickets down the ravine to its front; and on the extreme right of all I placed the balance of the Massachusetts regiment, in line of battle, with two companies of that regiment puslied four hundred yards to the right and front, which two companies again threw pickets in advance. The New York and 2d Michigan regiments I placed in the road, five hundred yards in rear of the hne, as a reserve. Soon after making these arrangements, which I did on hearing the report of our artillery on the right, Colonel Davies's brigade made its appearance, with him at its head, and inquiring of me the date of my commission found that he ranked me by two days, and he assumed the command. That officer wished a good position lor artillery to open, and I immediately proposed the position on our left, near the log house, from which a good view of a large stone house- called by the people of the country the enemy's headquarters— might be obtained. Col- onel Davies brought up with him the rilled twenty-pounder battery of Lieutenant Benjamin, and ordered it to open fire immediately. He directed also Hunt's battery to his assistance, and I ordered Green's battery to open its fire at the same time. The enemy appeared to have withdrawn his guns from that position, as he returned no fire, or he might have been reserving his fire for the last attack. An hour's cannonading, however, brought in view a column of the enemy's infantiy, wich I observed with my glass, of at least 2,500 men, and soon after two otlier bodies of men, of at least a regiment each, who now occupied the lines on the other side of the I'un. which lines now appeared full to overflowing. Suppos- ing now that they mtended to make a push across our front in column, or would endeavor to turn our left, about 11 A. M. I began to fortify my position by throwing up an earthen parapet for three guns, with embrasures, across the road, and commenced an abatis of timber, by felling trees, pointing outwards, between this battery and the log house to the left. About this time the enemy on the opposite side appeared to be falling back in confusion from our right attack, which continued for some time, and then the tide changed, and they seemed to be returning in large masses. At the interval between these two extremes, I was ordered by Colonel D. S. Miles to throw forward my skirmishers and feel the enemy^ and accordingly two companies of the 3d Michigan Kegiment were sent forward and down the ravine to cover our front and advance. These were supported by Captain Breth- schncider's light infantry battalion, which also advanced down the ravine, accompanied by Lieuieiiant Prine, corps of United States Engineers, who went for the purpose of ascer- taining the enemy's position, he volunteering his services for that particular purpose. Colonel Davies also threw forward a company of skirmishers on his right. The enemy's skirmishers were in force in the woods in front, and covered themselves with trees and rifle-pits, which had been thrown up before. Our two advance companies were driven back; the enemy p\u-sued, and were in turn driven back by the spherical case-shot of Greene's battery, and I ordered back the light infantry, and also the two companies, to the former position. The company in front of Colonel Davies's command retired about the same time. By 5 P. M. I had the battery and abatis nearly completed, making my defenses as secure as the short time and few implements used would allow. No enemy apjteared in force in my front witli a disposition to assault, but about this time a heavy column of uifantry appeared to the left of Colonel Davies, in a ravine, moving up to the attack. This brigade opened a heavy fire upon them, and gallantly drove them back, as he informed me afterwards. During this firing, which was shortly after 6 o'clock, I received orders from Cololel Miles, through one of his staff, to retreat upon Centreville and endeavor to hold that position. I immediately collected my brigade and put it in motion on tlie road towards Centreville, and was at the head of the 2d Michigan Kegi- nuMit, in rear of the brigade, when a staff officer proposed to me to throw my regim(>nt in line, face toward the enemy, between the house occupied the night before by Hunt's Butteiy and the Union and Centreville road, upon which road the enemy was supposed tcv bo advancing. I had gained a position near the desired point, when I was met by Colonel Davies, who informed me that ho had beaten the enemy handsomely in front. I told him that I had been ordered back to CentrevUle by Colonel Miles, that the rest of my brigade had gone on, and lliut I had been directed to go to that point with my regiment for the purpose of facing the enemy there, which I had done, and Colonel Davies went, as I sup- posed, to his brigade. Soon after this I was met by a staff officer of General McDowell's, who told mo to put my brigade in position on the left of the road from Centreville to Blackburn's Ford, and stretcliing toward the Union and Centreville road facing the enemy. Other troops had albo fallen back to this point— distant about a mile from Cen- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ii09 treville— and about 6 o'clock P. M. Captain Alexander, of the corps of Engineers, directed me, by order of General McDowell, to take the general arrangement of the troops at that point in my own hands, he suggesting', as a good line of defense, between a piece of woods on the right and one on the left, the line facing equally towards the enemy, who were supposed to be coming either on the Union or the Blackburn road. I immediately formed tiiat line as best I could of the regiments nearest the position, placing the men in the ravines, and the artillery, as far as possible, on the hills in the rear of the infantry. Before Captain Alexander gave me this last direction I learned that Colonel Miles had altered the position of some regiments which I had placed before, especially the 3d Michi- gan Eegiment, which I had ordered to form close column by division, to remain as a reserve, and await further orders from me. The ofEicer in command of the regiment at that time, Lieutenant Colonel Stevens (Colonel McConnoll being unwell, but on the ground), immediately executed that ordei-, and put his regim«>nt in close column. I went to some other part of the field, and on returning found this regiment deployed in line of battle, and in another position. I immediately inquired of Colonel Stevens the reason of their position being altered. He told me that Colonel Miles had directed this move- ment. I asked him why? Colonel Stevens replied, " I do not know; but I have no con- fidence in Colonel Miles." I inquired the reason why. Colonel Stevens answered, ''Because Colonel Miles is driuik." That closed the conversation. I sent Colonel Stevens back with his regiment to form close column by division, as at first. I then reported to Captain Alexander that I had been interfered with in my disposition of the troops during the day, and I could not carry out General McDowell's orders as long as I was interfered with by a drunken man. Captain Alexander then answered that General McDowell now vested the whole disposition of the troops with me, and that I must use my own judgment. I went to place another battalion in line, and I was met by Colonel Miles, wlio ordered me to form that regiment in another direction. I replied that "I should obey no more orders that he might see fit to give me." Colonel Miles then said, "Colonel Eichardson, I shall put you in arrest." I told him, "I never should obey his arrest, and that he never could put me in that position. " Colonel Jliles answered that he did not understand this. I said nothing, and went on with further disposition of the troops, which was done according to the diagram. As soon as the line of battle was well formed the enemy's cavalry made its appearance on the Centreville and Manassas road, and I ordered Lieutenat Benjamin to open his rifled cannon upon them, which he did, and the cavalry disappeared after a few shots. It was now nearly dark, and the troops encamped in their present position. About 10 o'clock P. M. General .NIcDowell informed me that a retreat was resolved upon; that the troops must be started on the road to Fairfax as soon as possible; and ordered me to move last and cover the retreat of the array with my brigade. I told the General I would do so, and would stand by him as long as any man would. I left with my brigade at 2 o'clock A. M, after all the other regiments and batteries had retired. On reaching Fairfax, found it abandoned by our troops, and I coveicd the rear, bringing up my brigade in good order, the New York regiment in front, tlien tlie Massachusetts regiment, and the two Michigan regiments in rear of the whole. Arrived at Arlington at 2 P. M. on Monday after the action. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, I. B. RICHAEDSON, Colonel Commanding 4th Brigade. Headquakteks Richaedson's Brigade, | Brigade Order, ) February 5th, 1S62. ) No. 6. ) The general commanding the brigade considers it his duty, and takes this opportunity to ccmvey to the troops under his command his good opinion of their conduct as soldiers in the late affairs in whicli the two detachments, one of the 3d Michigan Volunteers, com- manded by Ca|itain Lowing, of that regiment, and the otiier of the 37th New York Volun- teers, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Burke, of the same regiment, were engaged with superior forces of tlie enemy on the " Occoquan River." The daring attack of Lieu- tenant Colonel Burke and his party on a house occupied by the enemy, and the fearless reconnoissance of Captain Lowhig and his detachment of the 3d Michigan Volunteers in front of superior forces of the enemy, deserve, and the gen(M-al commanding this brigade hopes will obtain, the just commendation of all those who take any interest in the patriot- ism and discipline of the American soldier. The general would again remind the 3d Jlichi- gan Volunteers that ho has not forgotten that that regiment, tog(>tlier with the 2d Michigan, performed gallant service last summer in the most considerable campaign which has yet taken place ag-ainst the enemy, and from being the first troops actually engaged against the enemy, not only siiowed the highest discipline and skill in the attack liiO MICHIGAN IN THE VVAH. of the 18th of July at Blackburn's Ford, but also exhibited a coolness and order in cover- ing the retreat to Washington of the 21st of July, which has rendered both these regi- ments an honor to the country. The Michigan Fifth, also, although having been a shorter time in service than the other regiments of the brigade have rendered effective service at different times, especially in the affair of a detachment under Captain Quackenbush of that regiment in an encounter near " Pohick Church," in which he met and drove back a superior force, and its drill and disciphne have shown that when further opportunities shall offer they will not fail in ren- dering themselves a credit to the brigade. LB. EICHARDSON, Brig. General. The regiment in command of Colonel S. G. Champlin, Colonel McConnell having resigned, encamped during the winter near Alexandria with the 2d and 5th, and moved to the Peninsula in March following, entering upon the cam- paign under McOlellan as a part of Berry's brigade (3d) 3d division, 3d corps. It was in the battle at Williamsburg, May 5th, performing gallant and efficient service. Extract from General Berry's brigade report, date June 1st, covering the battle of Williamsburg : Yesterday morning in obedience to orders, I moved my brigade from its camping grounds some three miles below the vicinity of these works where we bivouacked at 12 M. I placed the 37th New York Volunteers, Lieutenant Colonel Kaidon commanding (Colonel Hayman having been previously detailed as division officer of the day), in the woods along the two sides (west and north). At one o'clock I received an order to place my entire command behind or in rear of the intrenchments. I had scarcely got my men into their several positions when I received an order to have one regiment placed in the woods on the left of the Williamsburg road on our front. "The 2d Regiment Michigan Volunteers, Colonel Poe, was on picket duty. I ordered him to concentrate his regiment on its right flank and hold it in readiness to move to the front. On my order. Colonel Poe sent forward two companies under the command of Major Dillman, who took position on the flank of the 37th New York and did excellent ser- vice. The 3d Michigan moved into the woods on the left, about one mile in advance of this camp, and by gallant fighting drove the enemy for more than a mile along the left of the woods into and through the slashings. At this time the 5th Michigan came into the field and was conducted forward by myself; with it I relieved the 3d, and placed the 3d in reserve to the 5th. About an hour later a portion of other regiments came up and formed on the left of the 3d and 5th Michigan. "We steadily drove the enemy loiward so far that I had serious fears of being flanked by the enemy, as they were driving our troops down the road and plain as well as on the right of the road. We were at this time in the woods on the left of the camp from which General Casey's forces had been driven and we fully commanded it with our rifles. I then pas.s(;d through the slashings some one hundred yards and found the 37th New York and Colonel Poe's two companies under Major Dillman in position and at woik. "We held the enemy in check and could have driven them farther forward had the centre and right of our troops been able to have held their position. About 5.30 P. M., I discovered the 37th New York moving to rear. On inquiry, I found they had been ordered to full buck by the General of division to prevent being flanked and captured. " I then gave orders to the other regiments to fall back also, some portions of which did not gft it in consequence of the thick woods, but all did make good their movement to the rear and canie into this camp in fair order. " This bri>j:ade has suffered severely and is much reduced. The ground we fought on was Bwarni)y and thickly wooded. It was almost impossible to keep our line connected. The •Micmy repeatedly attempted to turn our left, but bv the exertions of Colonel Stevens and Majll infested wood— on the leap to the ruin advanc- ing upon us from tiic front to take it in flank and stay it — an adoption with a visible sign, BO that when aslied, ' To what service do you belongV I could proudly reply, 'I belong to Bi'rry'B BriKade." Cromwell never had better troops than those who, under the com- mand of this good officer, swept with lire and steel tiie whole rebel force from Casey's MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 213 camping ground and earthworks, piling it with monuments of their terrible marksman- ship. They tired away every one of their sixty cartridges to a man, and then gathered everywhere the unconsumed cartridges from the boxes of the dead and wounded and economically used them. A North Carolina regiment sent against the 3d Michigan had its front file wholly knocked down by a volley. The next file turned to run. A line of bayonets depressed behind them held them fast. 'Charge!' ordered the Micliiiian colonel. Over the rail fence leaped our men, with a yell that ever smites teiTor. Their bayonet points were not waited for. The Carolinians broke and ran." The regiment in command of Major Byron R. Pierce was also engaged at Oharles City Cross Road on June 30th, and on July 1st at Malvern Hill. The campaign of the Peninsula made historic the fields of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and Malvern Hill, weaving wreaths of glory for Michigan men, and giving them National fame. Ransack the annals of that campaign, aye, even of the entire war, and such another compliment cannot be found as that by Prince de Joinville to Berry's brigade of Kearny's division at Fair Oaks, made up of the ;^d, 'dd, and 5th Michigan, and 37th New York. The Prince says : " Meanwhile Heintzelman rushes to the rescue. As at Williamsburg, Kearny arrives in good time to re-establish the fight. Berry's brigade of this division, composed of Michi- gan regiments and an Irish battalion (37th N. Y.), advanced firm as a wall into the midst of the disordered mass, which wanders over the battlefield, and does more by its example than the most powerful reinforcements; about a mUe of the ground has been lost, fifteen pieces of cannon, the camp of the division of the advance guard, that of General Casey; but now we hold our own. " The campaign on the Peninsula having ended, the army was withdrawn and soon entered on the Pope campaign. The regiment, having returned with the army, was in the engagement at Groveton (Bull Run), of the 29th of June, losing twenty killed, with a large number missing, and on September 1st was again engaged at Chantilly. Thus ended the disastrous Pope campaign, and the army, broken and demoralized, was withdrawn within the fortiticatious around Washington. The regiment, after the battle of Chantilly, took up its line of march with its brigade for Fort Lyon, via Fairfax Station, reaching the fort on the 3d, and bivouacked on Hunting Creek, and then marched a short distance and encamped until the ]Oth, when it again moved via Fairfax Seminary to Fort Ward, remaining thei'e until the 25th, when it broke camp and marched to Upton's Hill. In October the 3d corps, to which the regiment belonged, was sent as a corps of observation up the Potomac as far as Edwards Ferry, and on October 11th the 3d, with its brigade, broke camp at Upton's Hill, marched to the Chain Bridge, and, crossing it, continued the march up the river road, passing Ten- luillytown, Rockville, and DarnsLown, and on the 12th reached Edwards Ferry, Maryland, where it was engaged on picket duty until the 28tii, wiien it marched via Poolsville to White's Ford and crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and then, via Leesburg, Millville, Waterloo, and Warrenton, went into camp on the 23d at Falmouth. Crossing the Rappahannock on the 13lh of December, it was under fire three days at the first battle of Fredericksburg, sustaining a loss of nine in wounded. From a report of Major M. B. Hougiitoii, commanding regiment: " I have the honor to report the following as the part taken by the 3d regiment Michi- gan Volunteers in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13th, 18G2 : "In accordance with biifjadi- order, this regiment broke camp December 11th, at 6 o'clock A. M., and occupied the pusition a.'rsigued it in the brigade. After crossing the 214 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. river December 13th, the regiment marched nearly one mile down the river, and VFa& ordered to halt and lie down. After remaining in this position nearly fifteen minutes, I received an order from Lieutenant Freeman of General Barry's staff, directing me to move the regiment to the front and support battery 0, 5th U. S. Artillery, which was at that time hotly engaged with the enemy. Upon arriving at the battery I formed my hne of bat- tle in its rear, my right resting up'on a road running at right angles with my Hne. I then directed the men to lie down, where they remained nearly an hour. An attempt being then made by the enemy to capture the battery, I moved the regiment nearly ten rods in front of it when it ceased firing. The enemy failing in their attempt to capture it, or drive u& from our position, hastily retreated to "the woods. I then moved by the rear rank to the- rear of the batteiy, and reoccupied my first position, where I remained until after dark, when I received an order to place the regiment on picket, the right of my line resting upon the left of the pickets of General Robinson's brigade, and to prolong said line. In this position we remained until December 14th, 8 o'clock P. M., when I was relieved by another regiment and ordered to occupy the position first assigned me, December 13th, in the rear of the battery. In this position we remained until December 15th, at 10 o'clock P. M.,. \vhen we received orders to move to the rear, where we joined the brigade near the ston© house, and marched left in front across the river, where we bivouacked for the night, and the next morning we were marched back to our old camp, where the regiment is at present quartered. "In closing this report permit me to bring to your attention the names of Captain E. S. Pierce and Captain I. S. Geer, both acting field officers, who ably assisted me upon the march and during the engagement of Saturday, December 13th. Also Adjutant George W. Remington and all officers and men — each vied with the other in sustaining the reputation of the regiment won at Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Charles City Cross Road, Groveton, Chantilly, etc. The following is a correct list of the casualties that have occurred : Wounded, Privates William Williams, company B, back ; Charles Miller, company B, arm ; Wm. Osborne, company C, hand ; H. S. Briggs, company F, head ; Michael Kane, company G, foot ; Ira Austin, company I, foot." Kecrossing the Rappahannock on December 15th, following the battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment occupied its former camp. January 20th, 1863^ it marched with its corps to United States Ford, but without crossing the river, returned to camp near Falmouth, where it lay until April 28th. Breaking camp at that date, it crossed the Rappahannock May 1st, at United States Ford, and moved up near Chancellor's House. In the engagement at Chan- cellorsville it sustained a loss of sixty-three killed, wounded, and missing. Cap- tain Joseph Mason being among the killed. At Chancellorsville the 3d was in Sickles's 3d corps, driving the enemy on the morning of the first day, but are flanked and cut off, fall back, charge into the woods and open communication. Fired into next day at daylight, a severe struggle ensues. Again forced back, the enemy advance in overwhel- ming numbers to crush the Federal line; they are met and checked by a heavy fire on their advance, they hesitate, waver, and are still. Colonel pierce in a report says: " April 28th, 18G3, wo broke camp and once more moved towards the Rappahannock, crossed it at Unit oil States Ford May 1st, and moved up near to the Chancellor House and wont into position, supporting the first hne of battle. On the 2d we were moved to the front and drove the enemy four miles, but soon found that he had turned the right flunk of tiio Uth corps, and that wo were nearly cut off, but fell back to near our position of the morning before, and there charged the woods at 10 P. M., and opened comraunica- tlon with Uio main army. At daylight of the 3d we were fired into by the enemy, and after u long and Hcvere struggle were forced back one mile to a new position, which we held until the nioniingof the tJth, when we rccrossed the river and occupied our old camps. Our whole loss In this movement was sixty-three killed, wounded, and missing." Ik'iry's division, in which the regiment was serving, was prominently ongugetl at Cliancellorsvillc, losing its gallant commander, and receiving the folluwing notice in the American Cyclopedia: "• * • The Federal lino was formed with the division of General Berrv on the MICHIGAN IX THE WAR. 215 right, that of General Birney next, on the left, and Generals "Williams and "Whipple sup- porting. By half past live General Berxy became engaged, and a terrible conilict ensued. The infantry of the enemy were advanced in overwhelming nunabers for the purpose of crushing the Federal line, but the force of General Sickles and Slocum held them in check. The contest became desperate, hand to hand, and the carnage great. It continued until 8:45 A. M., without the slightest intermission, when there was a temporary suspension on the Federal side occasioned by getting out of ammunition. The position was, however, held bv the bayonet for nearly an hour until a supply was received and an order was given to fall" back to the vicinity of the Chancellor House. The contest now raged in this vicinity." ♦**••*•♦*»• Breaking camp again on the 11th of June, 1863, the regiment, still in Sick- les's 3d corps marched via Ceutreville, Edward's Ferry, and Frederick City, to Gettysburg, Pa., over dusty roads and during an intense heat. It was engaged in the actions of the 2d and 3d of July, at Gettysburg. Having on the 2d been hurriedly pushed forward (together with the 5th Mich.) as sharp-shooters on a skirmish line about a mile beyond EmmetLsburg turnpike, the enemy were discovered moving in large force for the purpose of turning the union left. A report being made of this fact to General Sickles, he at once advanced his line to an advantageous position to repel the attack. Soon the enemy made his anticipated assault, and after a spirited resistance for about two hours without receiving expected supports. Sickles fell back to his original position where a most desperate and formidable attack was made by the troops of General Long- street. The line being strengthened by the 5th Corps and other troops, the rebels were effectually repulsed, with great loss however, on both sides. The 3d Michigan was hotly engaged during this and the following day, losing forty- one ki'lled, wounded, and missing. Having followed the retreating enemy to "VVilliamsport, it marched thence to Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac and moved to Manassas Gap. It was engaged at Wapping Heights, July 23d, but without loss. On the I7th of August the regiment proceeded to Alexandria, and from there to New York, whither it had been ordered to aid in the preser- vation of the public peace during the then pending draft. Remaining there some days, it moved to Troy, N. Y., where it was stationed two weeks. It then repaired to its brigade in the Army of the Potomac, arriving at Culpepper September 17th. On the 11th of October, failing back across the Rappahan- nock by way of Auburn Heights, it had a slight skirmish with the rebels on the 13th, with a loss of one wounded. Moving thence by Manassas and Cen- treviil'j, it lay at Fairfax Station four days, and thence moved forward to Cat- lett's Station. The regiment broke camp at Warrenton Junction, November 7th, and moved with the army to Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock, where it engaged in the battle at that place November 8th; then marched to Brandy Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, where it encamped until the 26th, when it broke camp and crossed the liapidan, taking part in the advance on Mine Run, and on the 27tli became engaged with the enemy at Bartlett's Mills or Locust Grove, losing eight in wounded. On the 2Sth it marched to Mine Run, having u skirmish on the 29th. On the 3Uth the regiment charged on the enemy's works, driving them from three lines of rifle pits, but failing in being sup- ported, had to fall back to its original position. Having fallen back with the army, it a.','ain arrived at its camp at Brandy Station, on the 2d of December, having lose during the movement thirty-one killed, wounded, and missing. On the 23d of December, 1863, 207 of the regiment reiinlisted as Veteran Volunteers. Returning to this State, these veterans were given the usual fur- lough of thirty days, at the expiration of which they returned to the regiment. 216 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Crossing the Eapidan at Ely's Ford, on the morning of the 4th of May, 1864, it advanced and encamped at Chancellorsville. On the three following days the regiment, in command of Lieut. Col. M. B. Houghton, and then in the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 2d Corps, participated in the battles of the Wilder- ness, sustaining a heavy loss, including Captains Andrew Nickerson and Mil- ton Leonard killed on the 6th. It was also engaged at Todd's Tavern on the 8th. In the battle of the Wilderness the 3d was in Birney's division, 2d corps, which is mentioned in the American Cyclopedia as follows: " * • * The next moveruent of the enemy was to press between the corps of Generals "Warren and Hancock on the left center. Here the contest commenced about 3 P. M In anticipation of this movement General Hancock's advance had been checked, and his corps was rapitlly moving to close the gap between it and the center. One divis- ion of the Gth corps, under General Getty, had been detached and moved to the left, taking position on the right of the Orange Court-house plank road. The advance consisting of the 1st brigade of the 2d division of the 2d corps had scarcely formed a junction with Gen- eral Getty, when the enemy belonging to Lieutenant General Hill's corps made a power- ful attack upon them. The position was held with the utmost obstinacy ; meanwhile the remainder of General Hancock's corps arrived and attacked the enemy's right and front. The divisions of Generals Birney, Barlow, and Gibbon took an active part, and the contest became exceedingly bloody. Such was the nature of the undergrowth that there was little opportunity to use artillery. The furious fiie of the enemy's musketry was seldom surpassed." * * • * On the 12th, at Spottsylvania, it participated in the successful charge of the 2d corps, capturing a number of prisoners and two rebel battle flags. Prior to this engagement the 3d was consolidated temporarily with the 5th infantry. The regiment also took part in the engagement on the North Anna river on the 23d and 24th; thence it ma-rched to the Pamunky, which it crossed on the 27th, and advanced toward Cold Harbor, and took part in the figiit at that place on June 7th. In addition to the engagements mentioned, the 3d also participated in a number of minor actions and skirmishes. Its loss during ilie month of May was thirty-one killed, one hundred and nineteen wounded, and twenty-nine mis.^ing. On the 9th of June, at Cold Harbor, the regiment, with the exception of the reenlisted men, and such as had joined since the date of original organization, and certain designated officers were ordered to proceed to this State for the purpose of being discharged. The remaining officers and men were formed into a battalion of four companies, and attached to the 5th Michigan infantry. The order consolidating these regiments was contirmed by special orders of the War Department, issued on the 13th of June, 1SG4. On the 20th day of June, the organization, which had been one of the first in the field, was formally mustered out of the U. !S. service. This regiment participated in engagements at Blackburn's Ford, Va., July 18, 1861; Bull Kun, Va., July 21, lb6l; siege of Yorktown, Va., April 4 to May 4, 1862; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; Fair Oaks, Va., Aiay 31, 1862; Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862; Peach Orchard, Va., June 29, 1862; Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Bull Kun, 2d, Va., August 29, 1862; Chan- tilly, Va., Si'])U.'mbt'r 1, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; Ciian- cellursvilii', Va., May 1, 2, 3, 1863; Cett.^sburg, Penn., July 2 and 3, 1863; Wappmg iicights, Va., July 23, 1863; Auburn Heights, Va., October 1, 1863; Lilly's Furd, Va., Kuvemher 7, 1663; J^ocu^t Urove, Va., November 27, 1863; Muu-Kun, Va., November 29 and 3i), 1863; Wilderness, Va., Mav 5, 6, 7, 1864; 'lud.l'd Tu\ern, Va., May 8, 1S64 ; Po Kiver, Va., xMay 10, TyUi ; Spottsyl- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 217 vania, Va., May 12, 1864; Korth Anna, Va., May 23, 24, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 17, 1864. Four companies of this regiment having been merged in the 5th infantry, their services and engagements will be found in the records of that regiment, having served with it until the close of the war. The total enrollment of the 3d was 1,000 officers and enlisted men, while it lost four officers, ninety-six men killed in action, forty-seven men died of wounds, two officers and seventy-live men of disease. " They onward pass through blood and flame, Baptized unto a holier name ; Their eyes have looked within the veil, And hence their Ups are sealed and pale." Notes. — From a correspondent : "It will be remembered that after the battle of Chan- cellorsville General Birney caused to be struck and distributed among the deserving sol- diers of his division several hundred bronze medals, patterned somewhat after the 'Kearny Cross.' The medal was awarded only to such non-commissioned officers and privates as as especially distinguished themselves in that memorable engagement. Since then the division has performed some of the most remarkable marches on record, and has participated with its usual zeal and heroism in the battle of Gettysburg and the affair at Wapping Heights, in both of which occasions it was noticed that the possessors of these decorations were specially prominent in deeds of bravery and prowess. In view of tliis fact, and to satisfy himself of the efficacy of medals or other awards of merit, caused an investigation to be made into the fate of these Chancellorsville heroes in their subsequent encounters with the enemy up to and including the Gettysburg campaign. From the report the following facts relative to the 3d and 5th Michigan infantry, the two Michigan regiments in this division : 3d Infantry. — Thirty-five received the original award. Of these one was killed, five wounded, one absent on leave, two absent sick, one dead, and twenty-five were present for duty. 5th Infantry. — Thirty- five received the original award. Of these four were killed, ten wounded, two absent on leave, and nineteen present for duty." General Sickles in a speech delivered in Detroit, April 19th, 1864, said: " I am proud to address the people of a State which does not owe to the union army a single man. I rejoice in my heart that I stand on soil honored not only by the noble examples of its citizens at home, but by the brilliant reputation on battle-fields as I have seen them, of the heroic soldiers of Michigan. "I have also another desire to pass through this State. In the spring of 1861, I, in common with others of my fellow countrymen, felt it my duty to take up arms, throw out my banner, and call upon them to rally round my standard. With gratitude I remember that from ilichigan I received one hundred as gallant men as ever shouldered a musket or followed a leader. They had sought in Pennsylvania and Ohio to attach themselves to a command, and traveled 1,400 miles to join the 'Excelsior Brigade,' in which they have since served. It is my proud privilege to bear testimony to the courage and fidelity of the 3d and 5th regiments which so weU corroborates the opinion of the gallant Kearny, who has often said he never commanded troops which came more up to the standard that would do honor to any troops in the world." From the New York Evening Post, June 11th, 186 L : " Four men of the IVIiehigan regiment (3d) performed a very shrewd act to-day twelve miles out from Alexandria towards Manassas Junction. They were out 'prospecting,' and got away too far from camp. The sight of some rebel troopers warned them of their situation. Three of the four concealed themselves in a hedge or thicket, and left one on the highway unarmed. Two rebel troopers soon came up and arrested the Federal soldier. They dismounted and asked the Michigan man who he was. ' I belong to the Michigan regiment of Federal troops,' was his reply. ' Then you are our prisoner,' said the troop- ers. At this moment the three concealed Federal soldiers rushed from their ambush, with the exclamation, 'No! you are our prisoners!' Sure enough, the Virginians were taken completely by surprise and surrendered. The Michigan boys ax'e in high glee over the act." 28 THIRD INFANTRY (REORGANIZED). The 3d Infantry having been mustered out of service on the 20th of June, 1863, orders were issued to reorganize the regiment, under the call for troops of July following. Lieutenant Colonel M. B. Houghton, of the old regiment, was authorized to proceed with this duty, and the camp was fixed at Grand Rapids. On the 15th of October the new organization was completed and mustered in, having 879 officers and men on its rolls. The regiment left Grand Kapids on the 20th, in command of Colonel Houghton, proceeding to Nashville, and from thence to Decatur, Ala., where it was stationed on the 3l8t of October. During the month of November, 1864, the regiment was stationed at that point. On the 23d its advance picket on the Moulton and Courtland road was driven in, when five companies moved out and encountered a small force of the enemy, driving it back without loss. On the 25th the regiment moved toward Murfreesboro, Tenn., arriving there on the 27th, and was ordered to duty at Fort Rosecrans. While Gen. Milroy was engaged at the Cedars, with the principal part of Forrest's command, Faulkner's brigade of mounted infantry, on the 7th of December, made a dash on the picket line at Murfrees- boro, driving in the pickets and gaining possession of the town; when four companies of the regiment, together with four companies of the 181st Ohio, with a section of artillery, after a spirited engagement of an hour, repulsed the enemy, re-establishing the picket line, drove him for nearly two miles, when the command was withdrawn and returned to the fort. On the yth, while the regiment was on a foraging expedition, it came up with the rear guard of the enemy, consisting of the 7th and 12th Kentucky mounted infantry, taking live prisoners. On the 15th it nuirched to the relief of a supply train, which hud been attacked on its way from Stevenson, Ala., and on approaching the point a skirmish took place, when the force retired, leav- ing their duad and wounded on the ground. The regiment remained at Mur- freesboro until January IGth, 1805, when it moved to Huntsville, Ala., and was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 4th army corps. On the 31st it was ordered, with its corps, to Eastport, Miss., and proceeding as far as Nashville in that direction the order was countermanded, and it went into camp at that point, and on the 6th of February again moved to Huntsville, Ala., and remained tliere until the 16th of March, when, with its brigade, it took up a line of march through East Tennessee, reaching New Market on the 18th; remaining there until the 2'Jlh, tiic march was again resumed; reaching Bull's (iap, it eneaniped for a week, and then proceeded to Jonesboro, and went into cani[) at tliat point April 7th, and was engaged as scouts and on expeditions MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 219 into the surrounding country, pursuing, capturing, and driving off numerous guerrilla bands then infesting that section. Information having been received on the 20th of April of the fall of Richmond, the regiment was ordered back to Nashville, arriving there on the 28th. Remaining in Nashville until June 15tii, it proceeded, with its corps, by rail to Johnsville, thence by steamer down the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, La., arriving there July 5th, and crossing the Gulf of Mexico, arrived at Indianola, Texas, and then marched to Green Lake, reaching there on the Uth ; remaining there until September 12th, it started for Western Texas, and after a fatiguing march of fourteen days reached San Antonio, and encamped near that place, and on the 6th of November moved into the city, when it was detailed to erect a post hospital, and afterwards engaged on provost guard duty. During the winter two companies were on duty at Gonzales. Early in the sjjring the regi- ment was ordered to Victoria, and was there mustered out of service May 2Gth, 1866, when it started for Michigan. Marching to Indianola, it took steamer to New Orleans, and thence via the Mississippi river to Cairo, where it took rail to Detroit, arriving there on the 10th of June, when it was paid off and disbanded. The regiment was engaged at Decatur, Ala., October 28, 29, 30, 1864; Murfreesboro, Tenn., November 30 to December 20, 1864. The enrollment of this regiment was 1,109, while its losses were 158, being one man died of wounds and one officer, and 156 men of disease, a large loss compared with the time of service, but owing much to severe marching in Texas, under a hot sun, and then for a time encamped at Green Lake, a most unhealthy point, where much disease prevailed, and where the largest portion of deaths occurred. FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. •' Eally, men and brothers, rally! ' T is the time for you and me ; We will stand by one another Eound the standard of the free." The 4th regiment of infantry was recruited mostly on a line running from Monroe county aloug through the southern tier of counties westward, including St. Joseph county, and was organized by Colonel Dwight A. Woodbury of Adrian, who held a commission as Colonel of militia, and who had hitherto taken a prominent part in the military of the State. | The field officers of the regiment were appointed'under the following order : MILITAEY DEPAETMENT, MICHIGAN, ) Adjutant GENEEAii's Office, V Detroit, Michigan, May 16th, ISGl, ) Genekaij Orbeks, ) No. 17. ) The following appointments are hereby made in the Michigan troops: Dwight A. Woodbury, Colonel 4th regiment. William W. Dutlield, Lieutenant Colonel ith regiment. Jonathan W. Childs, Major 4th regiment. The 4th regiment will be rendezvoused at Adrian as soon as quarters are ready. The field officers of the 4th will report by letter to Colonel Woodbury at Adrian forthwith. By order of the Commandei--in- Chief, JNO. EOBEETSON, Adjutant General. While the 4th was in progress of organization, and while localities through- out the Stale were urging the Governor to accept comjiauies for service with a view of forming new regiments, he received the following communication from the War Depariment: War Department, ) Washington, May 11, 1861. ] Governor AuMtin Blair, Landing, Michigan: Dear Sir,- I have the honor to forward you, enclosed herewith, the plan of the organ- Izution of tht< voliint<>ors for three years, or during the war. Three regiments are assigned to your Stiite, nmldiig in addition to the one rec:iment of three months' militia already callf'd for, four r.'Kiinents. It is important to reduce rather than enlarge this number, and in no event to exceed it. Let me earnestly recommend to you, therefore, to call for no more than four regiments, of which only three are to serve for three years, or durmg the war; and if luoro uro already called for, to reduce the number by dischaige. SIMON CAMEEON, Secretary of War. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 221 The Governor, entertaining other views in regard to the necessities of the country at that time for immediate preparation to meet coming emergencies, assumed the responsibility of establishing a camp of instruction at Fort Wayne, near Detroit, and accordingly publislied the following order: MILITARY DEPARTMENT, MICHIGAN, Adjutant General's Office, General Orders, ) Detroit, Mich., May 21th, 1S61. No. 25. [ In accordance with a letter from the Secretary of War, a copy of which is hereto annexed, the Commander-in-chief feels obliged to decline the rendezvousing of any more State troops by regiments. In order, however, to prepare for any future call, and ta insure at the least expense to the State an efficient corps of officers and non-commissioned officers, two additional regiments will be formed. A camp of instruction for the officers and non-commissioned officers of these regiments will soon be established at such time and at such points as shall be herealter designated. The camp of instruction wUl be under the command of the Brigadier General of State troops. ****♦**♦# Officers, non-commissioned officers and musicians detailed as above when rendezvoused will be mustered into the service of the State, subject to be mustered into the service of the United States, in accordance with the provisions of the "Military Force Law," ap- proved May 10th, 1861, and will he allowed, according to rank, pay proper, and commu- tation of rations without farther allowances. Regimental commanders wiU report for approval by the Commander-in-chief the names of suitable candidates to fill the vacancies among the commissioned officers, and will themselves fill vacancies occuiTing among non-commissioned officers, and also report the names of any officers who may be found Lncompetent. The companies herein organized into regiments will be entitled to preference on any future call if their rolls are kept up to the minimum number required by the War Depart- ment, and in that view it is recommended that the enrollment be continued, where it can be done without expense to the State, but not otherwise. The Commander-in-chief regrets that the decision of the Secretary of War, as expressed in the subjoined letter, compels him to change his intention of immediately calling into the active service of the State the many patriotic volunteers who have so nobly tendered their services in defense of the union. He trusts, however, that the spirit of patriotism so remarkably manifested in all portions of the State will be kept ahve ready to meet any future requisition of the Federal government. By order of the Commander-in-chief, JNO. ROBERTSON, Adjutant General. Immediately following the publication of the order the Governor decided to make the number of regiments tluee in place of two, and tiie 7th was ordered organized for the Camp of Instruction. MILITARY DEPARTMENT, MICHIGAN, Adjutant General's Office, General Orders, ) Detroit, June 10, 1S61. No. 30. I I. The field officers of the 5th and 6th regiments are hereby appointed, as follows: 5th Regiment— "H-onry D. Terry, Colonel; Samuel E. Beach, Lieutenant Colonel; Henry K. Mizner, Major. 6th Regiment— Fvcdorick W. Curtenius, Colonel; Thomas S. Clark, Lieutenant Colonel; Edward Bacon, Major. Ira A. Grosvenor is appointed Colonel of the 7th regiment. The other field officers will be selected in a subsequent order, and the assignment of companies made. II. Fort Wayne, near Detroit, is selected for the Camp of Insiruction, and the officers and non-commissioned officers will rendezvous at that point on Wednesday, the rJtli inst., under instructions from the Brigadier General, in accordance with General Order No. 25. III. The officers will be examined by a military board appointed for that purpose at 222 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. the breaking up of the camp, and all such as have made satisfactory progress will have a certificate accordingly, and such as through inattention or incapacity do not make such progress will be dropped. The colonels of regiments will have the power to grant certificates of merit to non- commissioned officers or to drop them from the regiment for incapacity. The officers and non-commissioned officers will be paid only during active service, according to General Order No. 25, and the camp will break up at the discretion of the Conimander-in - Chief. The uniform will be prescribed and furnished after the rendezvousing is completed. By order of the Commander-in-Chief. JNO. EOBERTSON, Adjutant General. In an order under date of June 10th, the complement of field officers of the 7th was completed by the appointmeut of F. M. Winaus as lieutenant colonel and Win. M. Fenton as major. The camp was organized and commanded by Brigadier General Alpheus S. Williams, with Colonel James E. Pittnian, Major Wm. D. Wilkius, and Cap- tain Henry M. Whittlesey as assistants. It continued until August 1st following, when it was broken up and the officers and non-commissioned officers were ordered to various localities to recruit their respective companies. The course of instruction adopted was the same as that practiced in the regular army, which was followed up with ability and energy, bringing about most beneficial results, not only in these particular regiments, but which became apparent in many others by appointment and transfer. The measure received the approval of the State as a most timely and judicious measure, while it was endorsed from abroad by favorable comments of public journals, and at the same time otherwise attracted much notice in neighboring States. The companies had been recruited for some time prior to the date of the fol- lowing order of assignment, and had been equally urgent with the 3d for an opportunity to be accepted into the service: Military Depaetment, Michigan, ) Adtutant Geneeals Office, >• Geneeal Oedeks, ) Detroit, May 20th, 2861. ) No. 24. \ I. The 4th regiment is hereby formed, and will consist of the following companies: Peninsula Guard, Captani W. L. Stoughton, Sturgis. Barry Guard, Captain J. M. Randolph, Ann Arbor. Smith Guard, Caplain C. Luce, Monroe. Trenton Volunteers, Captain D. A. Granger, Trenton. Dexter Union Guard, Caplain A. D. Crane, Dexter. lludBon Volunteers, Cai)tain S. DeGolyer, Hudson. Adrian Volunteers, Captain J. II. Cole, Adrian. Hillsdale Volunteers, Captain G. W. Lumbard, Hillsdale. GroKvenor Union Guard, Captain M. A. Funke, Jonesville. Tceumseh Volunteers, Captain D. D. Marshall, Tecumseh. Cajitiiinh of eompanios will forthwith report by letter to Colonel D. A. Woodbury at the regimental headquarters, Adrian. As soon as the quarters are ready at Adrian the colonel will order the companies to rendezvous at that point. By order of the Commander-in-Chief. JNO. ROBERTSON, Adjutant General. \ Cnpfain Slou^liton did not enter the service with the Sturgis company, Caplain A. K. WOod taking iiis phice. At the formation of the regiment the comj)anie8 received an alphabetical I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 223 designation. Smith Guard, A; Adrian Volunteers, B; Peninsular Guard, C; Barry Guard, D; Hillsdale Volunteers, E; Hudson Volunteers, F; Tecumseh Volunteers, G; Grosvenor Guard, H; Treuton Volunteers, Ij Dexter Union Guard, K. On a beautiful spot of ground near the quarters of the 4th, known as ''Camp Williams," in the suburbs of the city of Adrian, on the 21st day of June, in the presence of thousands of people, the regiment in full dress was formed in a hollow square, inside of whicli Mrs. W. S. Wilcox, in behalf of the ladies of Adrian, in a few well chosen words, presented the command with an elegant regimental flag. It was received by the men with cheers, and in their behalf was acknowledged in a brief but fitting speech by Colonel D. A. Woodbury, in which he said : "In whatever position we may be assigned, with our banner to cheer us, we will strive to do our duty as American soldiers. To no inferior force shall it ever be surrendered, and sooner than be trailed to treason it shall become the pall of the regiment." Patriotic speeches were also made by C. M. Croswell, Esq., and the Hon. Zachariah Chandler. The organization of the 4th having been completed, it was mustered into the service of the United States June 20th, 1861. FIELD AND STAFF. Dwight A. "Woodbury, Colonel, Adrian. William W. Duffield, Lieutenant Colonel, De- troit. Jonathan W. Childs, Major, Ypsilanti. Josept Tunnicliff, Surgeon, Jackson. David P. Chamberlain, Assistant Surgeon, Hudson. Francis S. Earle, Adjutant, Grand Kapids. Henry A. Grannis. Quartermaster, Adrian. Henry N. Strong, Chaplain, Adrian. A. Captain, Constant Luce, Monroe. First Lieutenant, John M. Oliver, Monroe. Sec- ond Lieutenant, A. Morell Eose, Monroe. B. Captain, James H. Cole, Adrian. First Lieutenant, Jeremiah D. Slocum, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, James E. Averj', Adrian. C. Captain, Abram E. Wood, Sturgis. First Lieutenant, Henry A. Grannis, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Ebenezer French, Sturgis. D. Captain, John M. Randolph, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, Richard G. DuPuy, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Jairus W. Hall, Ann Arbor. E. Captain, George W. Lombard, Hillsdale. First Lieutenant, Charles C. Doolittle, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, Charles B. Parsons, Hillsdale. F. Captain, Samuel DeGolyer, Hudson. First Lieutenant, Simon B. Preston, Hudson. Second Lieutenant, Joseph L. Smith, Hudson. G. Captain, David D. Marshall, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, George Monteith, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Jeptha W. Beers, Tecumseh. H. Captain, Moses A. Funku, Jonesville. First Lieutenant, Simon B. Hadly, Jones- ville. Second Lieutenant, William H. McConnell, Hillsdale. I. Captain. David A. Granger, Trenton. First Lieutenant, Marshall W. Chapin, De- troit. Second Lieutenant, Francis S. Earle, Grand Rapids. K. Captain, Alexander D. Crane, Dexter. First Lieutenant, Harrison H. Jeffords, Dexter. Second Lieutenant, James Mulloy, Livingston. The regiment in command of Colonel Woodbury left its rendezvous at Adrian for Washington, June 25th, numbering on the rolls 1,025 oflBcers and men. In his order for the movement he said : " Let each man remember that he has the honor of Michigan in his keeping." Tiie fine appearance of the 4Lh while passing through Cleveland brought from the "Leader" of that city the following general notice of Michigan troops: "When we see the splendidly armed and equipped regiments from Michigan pass through here on their way to the seat of war, and compare their appearance with that of the regiments which recently left Camp Cleveland, it makes us almost ashamed of Ohio, and inclines us to inquire in the mildest and most collected manner, why it is that Michi- gan in the same length of time, sends regiments to the Held prepared for service, wliile Ohio, who boasts of her enterprise and patriotism, sends from her camps as regiments, mere mobs of men, half uniformed, unarmed, and wholly without drill." ■Z24: MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. A correspondent writes, on the arrival of the 4th at Harrisburg: "the question came from many of its citizens, ' Has Michigan sent anoUier regiment equipped?' and in fact the troops now in Camp Curtain dechired that 'if Pennsylvania would only clothe her men like that, she would not have a'^ingle citizen left at home.' " The regiment arrived via Baltimore at Washington during the night of the 2d of July, and went into camp with the 2d and 3d Michigan, near the chaiu bridge above Georgetown. Although not actually engaged at Bull Run, July 21st, it took part in the movements connected therewith. Under date of July 21st, 9.10 P. M., Woodbury telegraphed Colonel E. D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General, from Fairfax Court House: " We are reliably informed that the enemy's cav- alry will attack us on the left to-night. Send instructions." This regiment aided largely, as did also the 2d, 3d, and 5th, in the con- struction of the defenses of Washington. It encamped during the winter following on Miner's Hill, Va., and in the spring of 18G2 formed part of McClellan's Peninsula army, being in Griffin's brigade, Morrell's division of Porter's corps, and was in the seige of York- town, and in tiie engagement at Williamsburg, losing at the former Captain A. K. Wood, commanding Company C, killed on April 18th, while on picket duty. In the first collision on the Chickahominy between the advance of McClel- lan's army and the rebels at Newbridge, on May 24th, the 4th, led by Colonel Woodbury, waded the stream under a heavy fire and gallantly assailed and drove off a superior force, losing only eight men, while it captured thirty -seven, prisoners, of whom fifteen were wounded, i In tills battle one Piper was killed, who'nad a brother in the same company, to whom an oflicer said, "Your brother has been shot, and if you want to see him alive hurry from here to where they have taken him." "1 can't leave," replied the brother. "I have no time now to look after dying brothers.- My country has the highest claim on me." "I might have shot you half a dozen times," said a prisoner, after the fight; to Colonel Woodbury. "Why didn't you?" asked the Colonel, coolly. "1 took you for some d — d common orderly !" was the reply. The alfair at Newbridge was so brave and dashing as to be noticed in a dis- patch from (ieneral McClellau to the War Department, as follows : " Three skiniiishes to-day. We drove the rebels from Mechanicsvihe seven miles from New Bnd;,'o. The -Ith Michigan about used up the ' Louisiana Tigers. ' Filty prisoners and lifty killed and wounded." Mr. Greeley, in hi.s "American Confiict," says: "The Ih-stcolhslon on the Chickaliotniny between the advance of General McClolIan'& army ami the rebels occurred near New Bridge, wliere tlie 4th Michigan, Colon. ■! Wood- bury, wa at Frederick, Maryland, and on the 1st of July marched into Pennsylvania and camped near Gettysburg. The regiment participated in the battle of Gettysburg, July 2d and 3d, losing -our brave Colonel Harrison H. Jeflerds, who was mortally wounded and bayoneted on the 2d, and died of his wounds on the 3d. I assumed command on the 2d. The enemy havuig retreated, the army of the Potomac was soon in pursuit. The casualties of the command at the battle of Gettysburg were— killed, twenty-eight ; wounded, eiglity ; missing and taken prisoners, eighty ; total, 188. The Army of the Potonuic formed linrsof battle near WilUamsport, Viiginia, July 12th, and on ihe 13lh the enemy crossed the Potomac, under 330 MICHIGAN IN THE WAH. I the cover of the night. The 5th corps was ordered to Berhn, Maryland, and remained: there a few days to clothe the troups, and on the 17th crossed the Potomac at BerUn, and marched to WarrenLon via Manassas Gap. Arrived at Warrenton July 27th, remained here for four days, arrived at Beverly Ford, Vii-ginia, on the Rappahannock, August 2d, 1863, remaining here until September 16th, when we marched to Culpepper, arriving there on the 18th, and remained there until October 9th, 1863, when the army moved to the rear and crossed the Rappahannock and camped near Beverly Ford, Virginia ; next day recrossed the Rappahannock, and drove the enemy back to Brandy Station. The 4th was flankers of the 5th corps. No casualties occurred. At 1 A. M. on the 12th again crossed the Rappahannock, continuing our march northward via Bealton, Warrenton Junction, Bull Run, and Centreville, then Fairfax, where we remained a few days, and on the 18th we advanced from Centreville to Three Mile Station, near Warrenton Junction, Vii-ginia, where we are stationed November 1st, 1863. "The regiment has participated in all the movements of the Army of the Potomac, and the foregoing is a very brief history of its movements during the year. "I have not mentioned the many reconnoissances, and the number of times the regi- ment has been on small skirmishes with the enemy. " The regiment has marched during the year over 700 miles." The 4th, in command of Colonel Lombard, who had been commissioned as Colonel to runk ironi July 3d, then in the 2d brigade, 1st division, Gritiin's, of the 5th army corps, advanced, on the 7th of November, 1863, with the Army of the Potomac, from its camp near Three Mile Station, on the 0. & A. K. H., to the Kappahanuock river, and on the same day participated in the engagement at Rappahannock Station. On tlie 9th the regiment, with ita brigade, was ordered to keep open the communications of the army from Beal- ton to Kelly's Ford, and was engaged in that duty until the 19th, when the command rejoined its corps near Kelly's Ford. Breaking camp on the 26th, the command moved toward the Kapidan river, wiiich it crossed at Germania Ford. On the 28th the rt'.;iment moved to the right of the position at Mine Kun, but did not become engaged, and on the night of the 30th it fell back across the Kapidan. The 5th corps being ordered on guard duty along the Orange and Alexandria railroad, the regiment arrived at Bealton on the 1st of December, where it remained until the 3Uth of April, 1864, when it brolie camp and marched to Kappahannock Station. On the 1st of May the regi- ment crossed the Kappahannock river, and camped near Brandy Station, and thence on the 3d marched to Culpepper. On the morning of the 4th it started from Culpepper to participate in the summer campaign, crossing the Kapidan at Gernianiu Ford. On tiie oth, 6th, and Yth, the regiment participated m the battles of the Wilderness, j Greeley says : "At noon General Griffin, whose advance had been driven in, was ordered to push forward the 1st division of tlie 5th corps to the right and left of the turnpike and feel the enemy. An advance of less than a mile, stretchuig across the turnpike, brought them in contact with the enemy, under Lieutenant General Eweil, posted on a wooded decUvity. A sharp engagement ensued lor an hour, when the pressure of the enemy could no longer be resisted. Getieial Grilliu's division was driven back, leaving two pieces of artillery in the hands of the enemy. In this engagement Colonel Lombard fell while gallantly leading his regi- ment. His death is mentioned in tlie regimental report as follows: "On tlio 5th Col. Geo. W. Lombard was mortally wounded, and died on the 6th. He had command of the regiment since July 2d, 1863 ; "was highly respected and loved by his commund, and his noble conduct on every battlefield will never be lorgotitu by the sur- vivors of the regiment." "A flash of the lightning, a break of the wave, Man passes from Ufo to his rcbt in the grave." MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 231 In the same engagement Captain W. H. Loveland was wounded and died of his wounds on the 31st of the same mouth. 'On the night of the 7th the 4th, then commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Hall, moved toward Spottsylvania, arriving at Laurel Hill on the morning of the 8th. It here became engaged with the encMny, and again on the 9th. On the 10th it assisted in a charge upon and capture of the enemy's rifle pits, losing twenty killed and wounded. On the 11th and 12th the regiment was in the advanced lines of the corps, and on the loth and 14th was engaged as skir- mishers. On the evening of the latter date the command moved to the left of the army near Spottsylvauia Court House, and remaining here until the 19tli, it then took part in the movement to the North Anna Kiver, which it crosseJ on the 24th near Jericho Mills, the regiment participating in the engagement at this ])lace. On the night of the 20th it recrossed the North Anna and marched to Hanovertown, crossing the Pamunky River on the 28th. On the 29th, 30th, and 31st of May and 1st of June, it was engaged as skir- mishers, and on the 3d it participated in the capture of the enemy's line of works near Bethesda Church. In the engagement Lieutenant Jas. N. Vesey was killed. On the 5th the regiment marched to Bottom's Bridge, and on the 14th crossed the James River at Wilcox's Landing, whence it proceeded to the lines in front of Petersburg, where it arrived on tlie 16th. On the next day the regiment was engaged as skirmishers, and on the 19th took part in the en- gagement of that date, losing eight killed and wounded. During the engagements, from November 1, 1863, to June 19, 1864, the regiment lost three officers and 37 men killed or died of wounds, with six miss- ing in action. Although this loss seems small, yet it was about 15 per cent of its whole strength. The term of service for which the regiment had been mustered in, expired June 19th, 1864. It was accordingly relieved, and on the 20th embarked on transports at City Point for Washington. It arrived at Detroit on the 26th, and on the 30th of June the companies were mustered out of service. Of those on the rolls, the terms of 200 men and 23 officers had expired ; of these, 32 men and one officer were prisoners in the hands of the rebels; 135 men and 22 officers were present for muster out. Since the 1st of November, 1863, the regiment had received 110 recruits, including a new Company organized at Hillsdale, which joined the regiment on the 16th of May, and which remained in service with the reorganized regiment. One hundred and twenty-nine men of the regiment reenlisted as Veteran V^olunteers. On the 30th of June there were 280 men and three officers on the rolls whose terms of service had not expired. These were ordered to duty with the First Michigan Infantry when the 4th left the field of war. The regiment participated in engagements with the enemy at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861, not actually engaged, but took part in movements connected therewith; New Bridge, Va., May 24, 1862; Hanover Court House, Va., May 27, 1862; Mechanicsville, Va., June 26, 1862; Gaines's Mills, Va., June 27, 1862; Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862; Turkey Bend, Va., June 30, 1862; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Harrison's Landing, Va., July 2, 1862; Gainesville, Va., August 29, 1862; Bull Run, 2d, Va., August 30, 1862; Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; Shepardstown Ford, Va., September 20, 1862; Snicker's Gajj, Va., November 14, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 14, 1862; Morris- ville, Va., December 30, 31, 1862; L. S. Ford, Va., January 1, 1863; Chan- 232 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. cellorsville, Va., May 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 1863; Kelly's Ford, Va., June 9, 1863; Ashbv's Gap, Va., June 21, 1803; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 3, 4, 1863; Wil- lianisport, Md., July 12, 1863; Wapping Heights, Va., July 21, 1863 ; Culpep- per, Va., October 13, 1863 ; Brandy Station, Va., October i3, 1863; Bristo Station, Va., October 14, 1863; Kuppahannock Station, Va., November 7, 1863; Cross Roads, Va., November 26, 1863; Mine Run, Va., November 29, 1863; Wilderness, Va., Mayo, 6,-7, 1864; Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864; Po River, Va., May 10, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 21, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 23, 1864; Jericho Mills, Va., May 24, 1864; Noel's Turn, Va., May 26, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864; Magnolia Swamp, Va., June 1, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., Juue 2, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. The total membership of the Fourth had been during its service 1325, while its losses were 273, of which eight ofiicers and 115 men were killed in action, four uflicers and Hf ty meu died of wounds, and one officer and ninety-five men of diaeuse. . ' Their brows bear many a gory stain, Theii- white lips press not ours again, And eyes that once our life light were, Give baclc a cold, appalUng btare." Note. — Incident related by Alexander D. Patrick, Company B, 4th Infantry, who served a long time as mail carrier to the brigade in which his regiment belonged : "On the arrival at Aquia Creek irorn the Peninsula campaign of the 4th Infantry, in company with their tlivision (Porter's), we proceeded to and pitched our camp at Kelly's Ford, on the Hap- pahaiiuuck river. My position at this time was buglar for General Griffin, and had immediate charge ol all mail for the brigade to and from Washington. After arriving at Kelly's If'ord I asked and obtained til teen days' furlough for the purpose of taking a rest, having been continuously on the roail day and night in my line of duty since the battle of Malvern Hill. The postmaster of the &M Pennsylvania was detailed to take my place. He had two large bags of mail matter and some imporiaui letters for General Burnside, then commandant at Aquia Creek. He was mounted on a line gray horse, and was well armed, having two large Colt's revolvers and a carbine. 1 gave him his instructions and away he went, but he never got to the end of his journey, lie, horse, nor mail were ever heard from. A few days after this circumstance Chaplain Sage, of my regiment, was going to Washington, and volunteered to take the mail to Aquia Creek. When the reverend old gentleman look the road, well mounted, we thought at least his sacred cloth would be safe from our rapacious loe; but ho had only been gone a few hours when his horse came bounding back with onr priest severely wounded, almost riddled with rebel irreligious bullets. Several days after this occurrance, my furlough not having yet expired, our general sent lor me and requested that 1 should btart ne.\t morning for Aquia Creek. I thought a great deal of the hazardous expedition, but only replied: 'AH right, sir; but I would like to have Captain Mirvin's horse' (ASBisiaut Adjutant General). The General complied with my request at once, but the Captain objected, saying 'he did not want to lose his liorse just yet;' but the General said, sharply: 'Patrick, you take that horse and get out of this at daylight.' I replied, 'AH right, sir.' Uhat night long alter tat-too had sotuuled in the camp the flickering lightof the tallow candles in nearly every tent could be seen burning, but a dead silence prevailed, for most all were writing letters to their loved ones at home. The mail bag hung on the center-pole of my tent, and the early morning saw it nearly lilled. When reveille sounded I had passed our out-posts and trod the ground where the enemy roamed at will. 1 proceeded unmolested till I got about half way to the cieek. On the top ol a hill to the right of the road, distant about 150 feet, was a fine large South- ern manbioii, where I was somewhat acquainted, which acquaintance came about as follows: In all Southern houses there were generally plenty ol women and children (but no men); these were almost all naked and with no shoes on. My |ilan, which was for self-protection, was to sympathize with their unloriunate condition, and especially the children. I always oflered my services to get slioes, stockings, calico, etc., having an old chum in the \\ashinpton post office who made up my mails. It was an easy matter lor him to send them in my bags, which they were al wavs ready and willing to pay lor. In this manner I got the good will ol all the people whom it w'as my lot to pass to and tro among, and that friendship stood me in good need many times. Such was the irlendshii) ihni e.Msieit between the inmates of this southern plantation and your humble servant. The geiitleiiinn's name who owned this mansion was Sol. Taylor. He was then in the rebel army, with three ol his sons. He left to guard his proiieriy his wife, an old lady, four daughters, aged •Z\, \:i, li, and 7 years, and two sons, aged 10 and vz years. As 1 rode up to the gate I put the reins ol my horre iver a post and walked up to the house, meeting at the door Jennie, aged W, who came out to meet nie. 1 greeted her wall, 'Hallo, Jennie, good morning." The reply she m.ule was, 'lluMh,' placing her linger on her lips. I inquired what was the matter,— any"body here? She replied, ' Ves, lots oC iheni, and no Iriends of yours, and whom we have no control over; they are a lot of new lellows, come over two weeks ago.' We were standing on the front porch, which run Hie w hole length ol the house. Jennie says, ' Where are you going?' I said, ' To the Creek, and I iiiuHi be going, as ilus is no place lor me, and that 1 was coining Imck that night.' she begged me not to come buck, that I would never get through; but I replied, ' I must.' she then instructed MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 233 me that when coming back to take the roart riinninp: to the rivor, half mile west of the house, then take the flrst bridle path to the right, ami she woulil nave a light m the gable window. While she was giving me these instructions Miiry, the oldest daughter, opened the front door. As she did 80, 1 looked in and saw four or live gray-coais, and they at the same time saw my blue coat. Mary eays, 'Jennie, what are you keeping Mr. I'atrick here so long for?' and gave me a shove on the shoulder, saying, 'Mr. Patrick, fly for your life!' I could hear them running too and fro in the house. Mary held the Iront door after shutting it behind her, and bv the time they got back through the house 1 was on the back of my horse; but on tlieir going back through the house thev got to their horses, and started after me, and kept on lor about two miles, but 1 had too much tne start of them. 1 arrived at Aquia Cri-ck and reported to General liuriiside, giving him the Mrst information he had received in eight or ten days from Pope's army or the scattered remnants of HcUlellan's battalions. About 11.30 P. M. I started back from General Burnside's hendqnarters, with two large hags of mail and my saddle bags full of headquarters' mail matter. My progress was nece.ssarily very Blow, on account of darkness. I got to the roail as directed, goingtowards the river, but had some e balls came whizling very uncomfortably near, we went bounding down the road with the si.eed of the wind, 1 alnmsi lying on the neck of my horse, but we were not alone. The gray devils were but a short distance trom our heels, and the bullets from their repeating <'arl)ines showered around mv head like hail, ."stretching myself along niy horse, my head on his neck and my heels against his flanks, with the mail bags pressing the rowels of my spurs deep into my horse's sides, made him wild, so that he bouniled along the road at a rapid jiaii, with my pursuers close behind me. I led them in this race lor life seven or eight miles, when we came lo our pickets. I gave the password, and four or five of my pursueis tolloweil me ihiough the pickets into our lines and were made prison- ers. I got into camp at gray daylight, with nothing more serious than a few bullet-holes through my mail bags and a severe flesh wound on the hip of my faithful horse, in a very short space of time it was known throughout our camp that Patrick was back from the Creek with the mail, and great was the rejoicing, especially of those who received letters." 30 FOURTH INFANTRY (REORGANIZED). The 4th Infantry was reorganized under orders of July 26fch, 1864, Colonel Jairus W. Hall, late lieutenant colonel of the regiment, taking command of its camp at Adrian. Eight new companies having been completed, they were mustered in as a regiment October 14th, having on the rolls the names of 726 officers and men, in addition to those of the old organization. On the 22d the command left Adrian in command of Colonel Hall, arriving in Nashville, Tenn., on the 2oth. and at Decatur, Ala., on the 28th, in time to participate in the defense of that town, which had been attacked by the rebel army under General Hood. The casualties of the regiment at Decatur were one killed and four wounded. This regiment was stationed at Whitesboro, Ala., November 1st, 1864, and on the 19Lh and 20th v^as engaged with the enemy at New Market, and soon after it was sent to Murfreesboro, and during the month of December, and until January 15th, 1865, was in the fortifications at that point, engaged on picket duty, guarding supply trains, and skirmishing occasionally with the enemy. At that date it moved by rail to Huntsville, Ala. ; arriving there on the 18th was assigned to the 3d brigade, 3d division, 4th army corps. The regiment remained at Huntsville until the 23d of March, when it took up a line of march by rail, through E;ist Tennesee, reaching Knoxville on the 25th. Next day proceeded to Strawberry Plains, and on the 27th marched to New Market, and to Painter's Springs on the 29th, and then to Russelville on the day following, and on the morning of the 31st reached Bull's Gap, and was there until Ai)ril 4th, when it pasted through Greenville during that day, and Kayton on tliu 5th, reaching Joiiesboro on the 7th, and there remained until the 20th, when it returned to Nathville on the 27th. Encamping at that point until Juno IGth, it went by rail to Johnsonville, where, with its corps, it took steam transports and proceeded, via the Tennessee, Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to IS'ew Orleans, arriving there on the 24th. At that point the detach- ment of the old 4th infantry joined the regiment. The regiment encamped at New Orleans untilJuly Gih, when it embarked on board steam transports for Indianula, Texas, and arrived there on the 10th, and marched for Green I^ake, reaching there on the following day after a very fatiguing marcli, the men having sull'eied much from the effects of heat and scarcity of water, some hiiviiig liied fiom sun-stroke, and others being severely injured. It reniiiined in camp at that place for two months, and during that time the comniaiid lust many men by disease occasioned by the extremely hot weather ami bud water, and a great number were in ill-health. On the 11th of Sep- tember It commenced its march for San Antonia, distant one hundred and MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 235 seventy miles, and after a hard march of fourteen days reached the Salada Creek, about eight miles from San Antonio, on the 24th; there it encam[)ed for two months and was tlien ordered into the city on provost duty. The regiment remained in Texas doing duty at various point, until May 26th, 1806, when it was mustered out of service at Houston, and proceeded to Galveston, and thence by steamer via New Orleans to Cairo, wliere it took rail for Michigan, arriving on the 10th of June at Detroit, where it was paid off and disbanded. This regiment participated in engagements at Decatur, Ala., October 28, 29, 30, 1864; New Market, Ala., November 19, 20, 1864; Murireesboro, Tenn., November, 30 to December 20, 1864. The enrollment of the regiment was 1,300, and its losses 148, being one man killed in action, six died of wounds, and 141 of disease. This is a very large loss in view of the shortness of the term of service; but the service of the regiment in Texas subjected it to long and severe marches in a hot clmiate, while its encampment at Green Lake was a most unhealthy point, causing much of the loss. FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. "Up to battle! Up to battle! Ail we love is saved or lost." The 5th was organized at Fort Wayne, composed of the companies named below, recruited mainly at the points designated : Sherlock Guard, Detroit. Mt. Clemens Kifle Guard, Mt. Clemens. East Saginaw Volunteers, East Saginaw. Ingersoll Rifles, Owosso. Governor's Guard, Detroit. Sagi- naw City Light Infantry, Saginaw City. Livingston Volunteers, Brighton. Washington Guard, St. Clair. Pontiac Volunteers, Poutiac. Huron Eangers, Port Huron. It was mustered into service with about 900 officers and men on August 28th, 18G1. At the time of muster the companies were designated by letter: Sherlock Guard, A. Mt. Clemens Guard, B. East Saginaw Volunteers, C. Ingersoll RifleS; H. Governor's Guard, F. Saginaw City Light Infantry, K. Liv- ingston Volunteers, I. Washington Guard, G. Pontiac Volunteers, D. Huron Rangers, E. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Henry D. Terry, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, Samuel E. Beach, Ponliac. Major, John D. Fairbanks, Detroit. Surgeon, Moses Gunn, Detroit. Assistant Surgeon, Eobert A. Everett, Ann Arbor. Adjutant, William N. Ladue, Detroit, Quartermaster, Hudson B. Blackman, Howell. Chaplain, D. C. Jacokes, Pontiac. A. Captain, Edwin T. Sherlock, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John Pulford, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, John W. O'Callahan, Detroit. B. Captain, Judson S. Furrar, Mt. Clemens. First Lieutenant, Edgar H. Shook, Mt. Clemens. Second Lieutenant, Henry C. Edgerly, Mt. Clemens. C. Captain, Henry W. Trowbridge, Saginaw. First Lieutenant, William 0. Donnell, Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Charles H. Hutchins, Detroit. D. Captain, Joseph A. Eagle, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Salmon S. Mathews, Pontiac. Second Lieutenant, Sylvester D. Cowles, Pontiac. E. Cajjtain, Charles S. Traverse, Port Huron. First Lieutenant, Augustus Zanier, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, Henry F. Decker, Port Huron. F. Captain, Heber Le Favour, Letroit. First Lieutenant, William N. Ladue, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, William T. Johnson, Detroit. G. Captain, Gt^orgo W. Wilson, St. Clair. First Lieutenant, Willis B. Pomeroy, St. Clair. Second Lieutenant, Frederick S. Steele, St. Clair. H. Ca|)tiiin, Louis B. Quackenbusli, Owosso. First Lieutenant, William Wakenshaw, Ovvusso. Second Lieutenant, WiUiiim K. Tillotson, Owosso. L Captain, John Giiluly, Brigliton. First Lieutenant, Hudson B. Blackman, Howell. Second Lleiitonunt, Charles H. Deiiison, Brighton. K. Captain, Henry Miller, Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Alexander Alberti, East Sagi- naw. Second Lieutenant, Hugo Wesener, Saginaw. Governor Jihiir says: MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 237 " While one of the Michigan regiments was being raised— I think It was the 5th— It was understood that Captain Meade, U. S. Engineer Corps, and then on duty at Detroit (afterwards major general), was to be its colonel. I had promised this to his friend, Capiahi Potter, with whom most of the consultation was had. I think General Meade understood this perfectly, and would have been commissioned but for his being appointed a brigadier by the President." Previous to the leaving of the 5th for the front, there was given to it at Fort Wayne, by Messrs F. Buhl, Newlaud & Co. of Detroit, a National color of fine silk and superb manufacture. Hon. Henry T. Backus addressed the regiment^ who was replied to by Colonel H. D. Terry. This flag was carried through the battles of the regiment. Under it some eight or ten color-bearers and guards were killed while defending it. On the return of the regiment to the State it was placed in possession of the ''Regimental Association.'* The regiment left Detroit for Virginiaon the 11th of September, 1881, in com- mand of Colonel H. D. Terry. It lay in camp near Alexandria during the winter, having a skirmish with the enemy at Pohick Church, January 9th, 1863, and went with General McClellan to the Peninsula in March, serving in Berry's brigade, of Kearny's division, 3d corps. It was at the siege of York town, and was hotly engaged in the battle of Williamsburg, May 5th, its casualties in a force of 500 being 34 killed and 119 wounded. Lieutenant James A. Gunning among the killed, and among the wounded. Lieutenant Colonel S. E. Beach. While the army was advancing on Williamsburg General Kearny said to Colonel Terry, commanding the 5th: "Colonel, I have work for you to do. There is a work of the enemy I ex- pect your regiment to carry this afternoon." ''We will try, sir," was the reply. " Vou are the senior Colonel of the brigade, sir." "Yes, sir." "Very well ; yours is the leading regiment, and will be the first in the work^ Ijet the men unsling their knapsacks and pile them here. Let them rest a moment, and then push on the column." General Terry says : "After waiting a few minutes, we pushed on at double-quick. We soon began to meet the wounded being carried down the road from the battlefield, from which the sound of artillery and musketry came nearer and nearer distinctly. We were soon met by the chief of General Heintzelman's staff, who said: 'The General says you must hurry on; you may be too late.' The order double-quick was at once given, and on the regiment pressed until the work was taken." Colonel Terry, in a report also says of his regiment at Williamsburg: "* * The 5th moved forward in line of battle until the enemy were in full view, when a brisk Are was opened upon them by our men, who flred very steadily. Perceiving that our men were suffering from the fire of their rifles, a charge was made which suc- ceeded in the retirement of the enemy for a short distance, when a sharp fire was inter- changed, and he again retired under a charge to a rlQe-pit in the edge of the woods, where he made a determined stand, and opened a brisk fire with severe effect. Another charge was ordered, and our men marched up on double-quick and leaped into the rifle-pits, earned the position and retained it. The enemy fled in confusion, leaving sixty-three dead on the field, besides the wounded. ♦ ♦ * j jjjjj pajngfj jq be compelled to state that Lieutenant James A. Gunning, commanding Company C, was shot through the heai-t and instantly killed Just at the moment of victory." • • • Extract from correspondence of the New York Tribune in relation to the battle of Williamsburg : 238 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR " In the rifle-pits in front of the 5th Michigan, sixty-three dead rebels were found, every one of them killed by the bayonet." Tlie following letter of General Berry, on Michigan troops and Michigan, was written following Williamsburg to a friend in Washington : To all my sick and wounded in hospital you chance to visit give my warmest regards for their welfare. May they speedily recover. So gallant a set of men should not suffer for want of anything. I trust they wiU be amply provided for, as you intimate they are. A nobler set of men never hved. Any man can win fights with such material. I have received ten times more credit than I am entitled to for the part performed by my poor self in the late bloody battle. Such troops as I lead are bound to conquer, no matter who leads them. Please give my compliments to all those Michigan men in Washington who take such interest in this brigade. Say to them that they are fortunate to hail from such a State tliat has such gallant sons. God bless the State and people of Michigan for the part it and they have taken to crush out this most unholy of all rebeUions. Truly, your sincere friend, H. G. BEERY, Brigadier General in Command of Brigade. The brigade referred to was composed of the 2d, 3d, and 5th Michigan Infantry and 37th New York Infantry, and this letter was written immediately following the last battle on the Peninsula. The following letter is from General Phillip Kearny: Headquarters Third Division, ) Heintzelman's Corps, May 10th, 1862. ] His Excellency, Austin Blair, Governor of Michigan: Sir: — It gives me gi'eat pleasure to address you in order to bring to your immediate notice the noble and brave manner with which the troops of your State in my division conducted themselves in the engagement before WiUiamsburg on the 5th instant. The 2d, under Colonel Poe, and the 5th, under Colonel Terry, behaved in the most handsome manner. I have the honor to transmit herewith the reports of the colonels of these regi- ments, together with that of their general. General Berry, commanding brigade, and also a copy of one sent in by myself to headquarters. I also send you a copy of the kiUed and wounded. Colonel Poe served moi-e immediately under my own command, and the gallantry and soldierly qualities he displayed rendered him particularly conspicuous. Colonel Terry's regiment (5th) took a rille-pit of much strength after a severe contest, and held posbossion until the close of the action. Very respectfully, PHILIP KEARNY. Camp, Nineteen Miles from Williamsburg, / May 11th, 1862. ) Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War : Without waiting further for ollicial reports which have not yet reached me, I wish to boar testimony to tlio splendid conduct of Hooker's and Keai'ny's divisions under General Heintzelman, in the battle of Williamsburg. Their bearing was wortliy of veterans. Hooker's division for liours gallantly withstood the attack of greatly superior numbers, with lieavy loss. Kearny's arrived in time to restore the fortune of the day, and came most gallantly into action. I shall probably have occasion to call attention to other com- niatidH, and do nut wish to do injury to them by mentioning tliem now. Had I the full infonnutloM I now liavo in regard to the troops above named wlien I first telegraphed, they WDuld liavo been specially mentioned and commended. I spoke only of what I knew at tho time, and I shall rejoice to do full justice to all engaged. GEO. B. McCLELLAN, Major General. At Fair Oaks, May 31st, where it went into action with a force of about 300, it lost 30 kilk'il, 111) wounded, and 5 missing, including Captain L. B. Qimckt'iil-Mish and liiuuU'iiant Charles 11. iliitchins, killed, and Captain Charles MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 239 S.Traverse, mortally wounded, who died at "Wasliington on July 22d follow- ing. It was again engaged on the Chickahoniiny, June 25th, in command of Major John D. Fairbanks, at Peach Orchard on the 29th, and at Charles City Cross Roads on the oOth. In the latter battle it was heavily engaged, losing 5 killed, 28 wounded, and 18 missing. Among the killed was Lieutenant W. T. Johnson, and among the wounded was Major Fairbanks, who died of his wounds at Washington on July 25th following. It had part also iu the action at Malvern Hill, July 1st. From a report of Captain J. S. Farrar, commanding regiment, dated on July 4Lh at Harrison's Landing: "I have the honor to report for the consideration of the general commanding the brigade, the part which this regiment sustained in the movemeut commencing on Sunday morning, June 29th, up to its amval at this point. "The line of march was taken up at 7 o'clock Sunday morning. The men, with four days' rations in their haversacks, and 150 rounds of ammunition, marched out. Major John D. Fairbanks in command. Colonel Terry and Lieutenant Colonel Beach were both absent, the former on account of ill-health, the latter from wounds received at Williams- burg. The first halt was made near the rifle pits occupied by us previous to the battle of Fair Oaks. At about 2 P. M. the regiment resumed its line of march, crossed White Oak swamp, rested for a few moments, and pushed on to the Charles City Eoad, down which it proceeded until it came up with General Sykes's brigade, when it halted and encamped for the night. "Early mixt morning tents were struck and the regiment, mustoring 216 men, marched up the road a short distance, and were posted on the left of the woods as a reserve. About 1 o'clock P. M., heavj' and rapid artillery firing was heard in the direction of the fords. The men feU in quickly, and were then marched through the woods and placed in position by Captain Wilson, near a large open field occupied by the rest of the brigade. The artilleiy fire kept increasing and musketry mingled with it. The action soon became general, and the regiment again changed position, and was held as a reserve on the left of the Charles City road, and moving a short distance up the road, was deployed across it, and into the woods, to stop fugitives from the field. "During all this time the regiment was held in reserve, but was now moved back to- wards the scene of action, and forming in line, crossed the road, entered the forest, aiid pressing forward in perfect order, soon drove the enemy from his position, and took pos- session of a rude breastwork of logs and rails, from which they kept up a steady and well sustained fire, which quickly compelled the enemy to fall back. It was about 5 o'clock P. M. on Monday, the 30th, that the regiment entered the field. The darkness and smoke combined rendered it extremely dilHcult to distinguish objects at even a short distance. The regiment remained under fire tUl relieved and ordered out. "Major Fairbanks was severely wounded and taken off the field, when I assumed com- mand, the senior Captain, E. T. Sherlock, being absent on account of a wound received at Williamsburg. , Collecting the remnants of the regiment (in which I was zealously assisted by Adjutant O'Callaghan), I gave them a few hours' rest. At an early hour in the morning of the 1st of July we started on towards the James river, where we arrived at about 6.30. At 10 o'clock the regiment, together with the division, moved back upon a hill, where the brigade was assigned to the support of a battery. For two or three hours the regiment lay under a hot fire of shot and sliell from the enemy's guns, sustaining a slight loss iu wounded, amongst the number Captain PuU'ord of Co. C, a brav(> and most ef1ic:ieut officer, who was mortally wounded by a round shot. At dark the regiment was sent on picket, and remained out till three o'clock, when it was ordered in, imd made a rapid march on the road towards City Point, and encamped a portion of the day and all nigiit amid mud and rain, and on Thursday morumg, July 3d, marched across the ChickahomLuy creek to our present position. "I cannot forbear mentioning the cheerfulness with which the men bore themselves, making as they did, long and rapid marches beneath a buniing sun, at times drenched by the rain, and the steadiness and deternunation with which they came into action, driving the enemy from his position in fine style. ■' The ollicers of the regiment behaved with their accustomed coolness and courage, and I deem it but just to mention the names of Captains Gilluiy and Matlu.'ws, — the latter was wounded while leading his company, — Lieutenant Shook, Ladue, Edgerly, Pomeroy, and Johnson, —the latUir killed in the heat of action, — who were everywhere cheering on the men ; also. Adjutant John W. O'Callaghan, for his bravery in action, and the timely and valuable aid rendered me in bringing the regiment off the field. The regiment went Into action 216 strong and came out with 145 men, showing a loss of 71 killed, wounded, and ii40 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. missing. Since the action of the 30th many have come in who were set down as killed^ wounded, taken prisoner, or missing, maldng the loss much lighter than was at first re- ported." From a correspondent of the N. Y. Herald, writing of Fair Oaks : " "After Couch's division had fallen back on Saturday, Berry's brigade was brought for- ward, consisting of the 2d, 3d, and 5th Michigan, and 37th New York Volunteers. The 3d was thrown into the line in advance, and about half an hour before the others arrived. General Kearny directed them to attack the enemy on the left side of Bottom's Bridge Road. Concealed among the fallen timber, the rebels opened fire on the right wing of my regiment at a distance of ten rods. The line was rapidly formed on double-quick while advancing towards the enemy's position. The center and left wing extended into a thick growth of pines. By the time the left wing had formed the regiment was within thirty feet of the slashes. The enemy immediately opened a terrible fire on the center and left. This fire was most murderous, and here occurred our principal loss. The men received the fire without wavering, and before the enemy had time to reload the right charged upon them with the bayonet, resei-ving theu' fire until the concealed foe were started from their cover, and as soon as they were in sight delivered a destructive and effective fire. The enemy broke and ran like sheep from the slaughter, leaving the slashes filled with their dead and wounded. The right continued to load and fire. The rebels made several attempts to re-form their scattered ranks, but on the delivery of our volleys they uniformly broke and ran. Driven out of the slashes, they were drawn back still farther, and held in their new position till the balance of their brigade came up. And although reinforced, they still continued their retreat until the ground lost by General Couch on that side of the road had been recovered. "While this was transpiring, the enemy was gaining ground on the right side of the road, and the brigade was in danger of being flanked. On seeing this. General Berry withdrew his brigade to the slashes, which he held until he was reUeved, about dai'k." The 6th, at Charles City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill, was in Kearny's division of Heintzelman's corps, which is noticed in the Annual Cyclopedia for 1863, as follows : "* * * Late on the same day (June 30th) a battle was fought between the forces under General Heintzelman and the main force of the enemy, which attempted to advance by the Charles City Road and cut off the retreat. This force was led by Generals Long- street, A. P. Hill, and Huger. * * * As the masses advanced upon the Federal bat- teries of heavy guns they were received with such destructive fire of artillery and musketry as to throw them into disorder. General Lee sent aU his disposable troops to the rescue, but the Federal fire was so terrible as to disconcert the coolest veterans. Whole ranks of the Confederate troops were hurled to the ground. * * * The confiict thus continued within a narrow space for hours, and not a foot of ground was won by the Confederates. Night was close at hand. The Federal fines were strengthened, and the confidence of the Confederate General began to falter. The losses of his exhausted and worn out troops in attempting to storm the batteries were terrible. Orders were sent to General Jackson to cover the retreat in case the army should have to lull back, and direc- tions were sent to Richmond to get all the public property ready lor removal. The Federal forces perceiving the confusion, began step by step to press forward. •■ * * » Headqijarteks 3d Div., 3d Coeps, | iRAii Orders, | Camp near Harrison's Landing, July 7th, 1SG2. \ No. 27. ) I. Brave comrades, as one of your generals who has shared in your perils and sympa- thize In your cheers for victory when I pass. The name of this division is marked j Southern records are full of you. In attack you have driven them; when assaUed you have rei»ulst!d tliem. Be it so to the end. Now, regiments, we give you a name, — engraft on it fretsh laurels. ' II. Comrades In batllo, let our gieeting be with a cry of defiance to the foe. After the fight, one greciing of victory for ourselves. Tliis done, remember that like yourselves I have my duties of labor in which I must move unobserved, as a true brother' in hand and heart of this our Warrior Division family. III. Success attttiid you. By command of Brigadier General Kearny, commanding division. ^«. , , ,. ,.. ,.. ALEX. MOORE, A. A. A. O. Ofllcial: G. W. Wilson, A. A. A. G. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR, 241 Returning with the army from the Peninsula, the 5th, still serving in the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps, entered upon the Pope campaign, and was engaged as skirmishers at Bull Run 2d, Groveton, and Chantilly. Marching from Leesburg, Va., on the 1st of November, 1862, via Warren- ton, at which place it rested from the 8th to the loth, this regiment encamped near Falmouth on the Sith. On the 13th of December, at the l)attle of Fred- ericksburg, the regiment lost 10 killed and 73 wounded, among the former being its commanding otHcer Lieutenant Colonel John Gilluly. Following is from an official report of the services of the regiment: "* * * On the 13th December we crossed the Kappahannock and became almost immediately engaged with an overwhelming force that had charged the 6th Rhode Island battery, which we were supporting. This was decidedly the most severe action in which the regiment had ever participated, considering its short duration. We suc- ceeded in repulsing the attack with severe -loss to the enemy, as well as to ourselves. Our brave and gallant commander, Lieutenant Colonel John Gilluly, fell while leading the regiment to a charge. " * * * " 'Tis the wink of an eye, 'tis the draught of a breath, From the blossom of health to the paleness of death." Colonel Gilluly, under an impression that his courage had been misrepre- sented to the brigade commander, and having a manly and most sensitive nature, went into this action with a determination to refute any such repre- sentation by a display of bravery most convincing; consequently he led his regiment mounted. Knowing it was a most hazardous undertaking, he called the recollection of Lieutenant H. B. Blackman, of Howell, then quartermaster of the regiment, to a mutual agreement made by them on entering the service that should either fall, every effort should be made by the other to recover the body and see that it was properly buried in Michigan. As has been already stated, the Colonel fell. "'Tis eve; one brightly beaming star Shines from the eastern heaven afar, To light the footsteps of the brave. Slow marching to a comrade's grave." The Union army had fallen back, but Blackman, in the darkness of night, witn an ambulance and a few men returned at much risk to the field, found his colonel's grave, unearthed the body and returned with it to the regiment. Oa getting leave of absence he started for Michigan via Washington. Reaching there, he met Senator Chandler, who, on ascertaining his mission, inquired as to his means at the time, and on learning that they were very scant, gave him his check for three hundred and fifty dollars for this and other purposes. On the loth December it recrossed the Rappahannock in command of Lieu- tenant Colonel Sherlock and encamped near Falmouth. On the 20th of Janu- ary, 1863, the regiment took part in the movement of that date, marching to Bank's Ford, but withoutcrossing the river returned to its old camp and went into winter quarters. On the 2d of May it was engaged at the battle of the Cedars, having crossed the Rappahannock on the 1st, and on the 3d took part in the battle of Chancellorsville. Tiie regiment lost in these engagements seven killed, 43 wounded, and 31 missing. Again the regiment lost its command- ing officer, Lieutenant Colonel Sherlock being among the killed at Chancel- lorsville, while Major Pulford and Lieutenants Colton and Hanlon were among the wounded. 31 242 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. In a report of the regiment is the following : "On Apiil 28th commenced the movement on the enemy's position at Chancellorsville. On the 30th the regiment marched twenty miles from 12 M. to 8 P. M., next day crossed the Kappahannock at United States Ford, and marched twelve miles to the front. On the 2d advanced on the enemy and fought the battle of the Cedars. About 7 P. M., the army being flanked by Stonewall Jackson, we fell back, and at midnight participated in that bold, dashing, and successful bayonet charge on the enemy which stands unparalleled in this war. On the 3d we fought the battle of Chancellorsville, in which our gallant commander. Lieutenant Colonel E. T. Sherlock, was killed." On the 6th the regiment, in command of Colonel Pulford, recrossed the Rappahannock and returned to camp near Falmouth, marching on the 6th, in twelve hours, 28 miles. On the 11th of June the regiment started on its march northward with the army, arriving at Gettysburg July 2d, when it became heavily engaged. Many of the movements preceding the battle at Gettysburg were accomplished only by rapid and laborious marches during excessively warm weather. On the 11th of June the regiment marched eighteen miles in seven hours, on the 12th eighteen miles in six hours, on the 25th twenty-eight miles in eleven hours, and on the 2d of July, ten miles in three hours, going into action at Gettysburg the same day at 4 P. M., and losing in an hour 105 men. The ammunition having become exhausted the men supplied tliemselves with cartridges from the boxes of their dead com- rades. Among the killed were Captain Generous and Lieutenant Thelan, while the list of wounded included Colonel Pulford, Major Mathews, and Lieuten- ants Colville, Pierce, Kouse, Braden, Hurlbut, and Stevens. In the American Encyclopedia is found the following notice of the 3d corps, in which the fifth was serving at Gettysburg: " General Sickles having sent out a regiment (5th infantry, while the 3d Michigan was also on the same picket line) of sharpshooters about a mile beyond the Emmettsburg turnpike, they reported that the enemy were moving in large masses to turn the Union left. On this report General Sickles moved up to a ridge in front, which he deemed a more commanding position to repel the attack, and formed his line. He had hardly got into position when the enemy made their anticipated attack. After resisting it about two hours, and the 5th corps failing to come up to his support as promptly as was expected, he fell back to his original position upon the crest of the hill, where a most desperate assault was made by the troops of General Longstreet. The line was strengthened by General Meade, by ordering up the 5th corps and two divisions of the 12th to the position they afterwards occupied on the left of the 3d. This formidable opposition and the precipitate and rugged character of the slope eiTectually repulsed all the efforts of General Long- street, with great loss, however, on both sides. " Report of General De Trobriand, commanding brigade: Headqxjarteks 3d Brigade, 1st. Div., 3d Army Corps, ) In the Field, July 27, 186S. ) Capt. FHtzhugh Birney, Asat. Adjutant General, 1st Division: Captain,- I have the honor of submitting the following report of the part acted by the 3d biigade, Ist division, 3d army corps, under my command at the battle of Gettysburg, on tlu) 2<1 and 3d instant. • * * ♦ The batllo was then raging on my left and right, to the rear, on both sides, in conse- quence of my advanced position, as already explained, and soon the two attacks came c<)iiv<'rging on the angle of which I formed the summit, with the 5th Michigan infantry, Lieutcniuit Colonel Pulford commanding. * • * * * * Fortunately my i)OBition then was a strong one in a wood commanding a narrow ravine, wliich the ontMuy attempted in vain to cross undoi- our lire. The unflinching bravery of the 5th Mich- Igim, which Bustainod a loss of more than one-half of its numbers without yielding a foot of ground, desoi-ves to be especially mentioned here with due commendation. • • Keglmenlal coiiiiiiiiinliTS arc ilio only womuled ollicera meutioned by name. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 243 Lieutenant Colonel John Pulford, 5th Michigan, was slightly vrounded In the hand and severely in the thigh. Eespectfully submitted, K. De TROBRIAND, Commanding Brigade. On the 4th of July the 5th was engaged on picket and other duty. Its total loss at Gettysburg was killed or died of wounds, 19; wounded, 90; miss- ing, 5. The regiment engaged in the pursuit of the flying enemy to Wil- lianisport, and thence moved by way of Berlin to Manassas Gap. It was under artillery fire at Wajiping Heights July 23d, but suffered no loss. On the 16th of August the regiment left Bealton Station for Alexandria, and on the 23d sailed for New York, whence it proceeded to Troy, N. Y., where it remained until the 12th of September, being held with other troops in reserve against a threatened outbreak for which the draft then in progress was made tlie excuse. It then repaired to its cor})s in the army of the Potomac. It participated in the backward movement to Fairfax Station in October, having on the 13th a slight skirmish at Auburn Heights. The 5th was encamped, on the 1st of November, 18G3, near Bealton Station, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, On the 7th it crossed the Rappa- hannock at Kelly's Ford, and bivouacked near Brandy Station on the 12th, occupying winter quarters which the rebel forces had abandoned. Partici- pating in the movement of the army to Mine Run, the regiment crossed the Rapidan on the 26th, and on the 27th was actively engaged at Locust; Grove, losing a number in killed and wounded, Lieutenant Daniel B. Wyker among the killed. On the 2yth the regiment arrived in front of the enemy's position at Mine Run, and on the 30th supported a battery. Falling back with the army, the regiment reached its former camp near Brandy Station on the same day. It remained in winter quarters until the 28lh of December, when it left for Michigan, one hundred and seventy-seven, the requisite number having re- enlisted to entitle it to the designation of a veteran regiment. It arrived at Detroit on the 4th of January, 1864, where it was furlouglied, and again left its rendezvous at Detroit on the 10th of February for the front, having during the period of its furlough increased its strength by the addition of a number of new recruits. It arrived at Brandy Station, Va., on the 14th. Oil the 3d of May, 1864, the regiment, in command of Colonel Pulford, and tlien in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps (Hancock's), entered upon the great campaign of the year. It crossed the Rapidan at an early hour on the 4th, and at 4 P. M. reached the old battlefield at Chancellorsville, having accomplisiied a distance of 34 miles in 17 hours, the men each carrying the weight of five days' rations and sixty rounds of cartridges. On the 5th the enemy were met on the road leading to Orange Court House. The regiment participated hi the desperate struggle which ensued, sustaining, in this and the following day, a severe loss in killed and wounded, including among the wounded Captain Geo. W. Rose (mortally), Colonel Pulford, and Major S. S. Mathews, who had assumed command after Pulford was wounded. On the 6th, in command respectively of Captains W. W. Wakenshaw and E. H. Sliook (both being wounded), it shared in a successful charge on tiie enemy's works, when Sergeant Josejjh Ki'ui]), of Company F, captured the colors of a Virginia regiment. Among the killed was Captain "Wilberforce Hurlbut, while leading Ins com))any in the chaige, buing siiot through the head. On the 7th, the enemy liaving retreated, the regiment, in command of a lieutenant, followed in pursuit, overtaking them at noon on the b'th, at 244 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Todd's Tavern. A portion of the regiment was deployed as skirmishers, and the whole command was under a heavy artillery fire during the remainder of the day and until noon of the lOch. On the 11th the regiment was again engaged, suffering severely from the fire of the enemy's musketry and ajtillery. On the 12ili, the 5th (with which the remnant of the 3d Michigan Infantry had been temporarily consolidated) participated in the charge made on the enemy's works on the right, at Spottsylvania Court House. The command captured, in this charge, two stands of rebel colors; one was taken by Wm. Ken wick, Company D, the other by Corporal Benj. Morse, of Company E, both of 3d Infantry. After various forced marches the regiment arrived in front of the enemy's position on the North Anna river, on the 23d, and assisted in taking their works on the north bank of that stream, capturing a number of prisoners, and driving the rebel forces into and across the river. From New York Herald : "General McLaw's division of Longstreet's corps was posted In strong earthworks between Long Creek and the river, and seemed disposed to hold Taylor's bridge at all hazards, and poured a storm of shot and shell from their batteries, when General Birney, with his division, advanced. Cols. Pierce (3d Mich.), and Eagan, with their brigades, 1st and 2d, made an assault on the enemy's works at 6 o'clock P. M., of the 23d instant (May). The riflemen of the enemj' poured a deadly fire into their ranks, and they charged on the batteries on high ground a little to the left of the bridge, scouring the open space in every direction, tearing up the earthworks with their whizzing missiles. The redoubt was carried at the point of the bayonet, and a considerable number of rebels killed in the entrenchments, and 110 captured. This assault, which was made under the immediate direction of General Birney, was considered a very brilliant affair, and General Hancock wrote him a very congratulatory letter. The 3d and 5th Michigan and 18th and 12tli New York, 99th Pennsylvania, and 17th Maine suffered more severely than any other regiments in the division. " It engaged on May 24th in strengthening the works erected, the command holding tiieir position under a heavy fire. During the afternoon the regiment crossed the river in the face of a very heavy fire of shot and shell, and again compelled the enemy to retire before them, Lieutenant Samuel Pierce being among the killed. At an early hour on the 27th it recrossed the North Anna, forming part of the force that effectually covered the movements of its corps, and at 11 A. M,, niaiched toward the Pamunky river, which it crossed at 4 P. M,, of the same day, having marched 15 miles in five hours. On the 2'Jili, ;j(Jih, and 3l8t, strong breastworks were thrown up, the men working (lay ai d niglit, although living on scanty rations and almost worn out with the rapid marching and fatigues of the campaign. On the latter date the regi- ment took part in a charge upon and capture of a strong line of rebel works. It leached the position at, Cold Harbor on the 5th of June, and immediately commenced the construction of breastworks. The 3d Michigan infantry was at this i)oiiit on the lOth, pern)anently consolidated with the 5th. Leaving Cold Harbor on the 12th, and crossing the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, the comniaiid reached Charles City Court House on the 13th, and on the 14th crossed the James river, arriving in front of Petersburg at 10 P. M. of the 15ih. On the IGth, again in command of Colonel Pulford, it threw up intrenchments during the day, and at evening was heavily engaged with the enemy, assisting in taking one of their lines of works. On the 18th the icginient again particii)uted in a successful charge on the enemy's lines, hold- ing tiieir position on the 19th and 20th under a heavy fire. Crossing the .Suffolk railroad on the 21st the regiment moved on the enemy's right and MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 'M5 engaged as skirmishers. The rebels flanking Its position it was obliged to retire with some loss. It however advanced later in the day, and retook its position. From the 25th of Juno to the 26th of July the regiment furnished very heavy details for picket and fatigue duty, and during part of this time lay in the trenches. On the 26th it marched in the direction of Bermuda Hundred, crossing the Appomattox the same night, and on the following morning the James river, and on that day was engaged at Deep Bottom. It advanced under a severe fire and took a position which it held until the evening of the 28th, when it recrossed the James and Appomattox, and arrived in the rear of the position of the 18th corps at an early hour on the 29th. During the day the regiment relieved a portion of the 18th corps in their advancec line of rifle pits, which it held for twenty-four hours. It then returned to the position which it had held prior to the movement of the 26th, and engaged in the performance of picket and fatigue duty. Following is a report made in September, 1864, of the services of the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d army corps, which was made up in a majority of the veteran troops of the old Kearny division, and in which there were several Michigan regiments. Colonel Pulford, 5th Michigan, was in command of the brigade at the time the report was prepared, and which covers in detail its services during the entire Wilderness campaign, and also between the dates therein specified : "In obedience to paragraph 5, special order 209, dated headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 5th, 1864, I respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by this brigade in the several engagements during the recent campaign, from the crossing of the Eapidan to the assault on the enemy's works in front of Petersburg, July 3Uth, 1861: " When the brigade left Brandy Station on the eve of May 3d, 1864, it was commanded by Brigadier General A. Hays, and consisted of the following named regiments: 1st U. S. Sharpshooters - 287 men 93d New York 493 " 3d Michigan Infantry 361 " 5th Michigan Infantry 365 " 4th Maine Infantry 370 " 17th Maine Infantiy 507 " 57th Pennsylvania Infantry 377 " 63d Pennsylvania Infantry 527 ' ' 105th Pennsylvania Infantry 351 '* General staff 3 Total 3641 men "The command crossed the Kapidan at Ely's Ford early on the morning of May 4th, having raai'ched all night from Brandy Station, and continued our course over the old and memorable battlefield of Chancellorsville. At about 5 P. M. of the same day the com- mand was halted on a portion of the battlefield and bivouacked for the night, aifter having marched a distance of 34 miles in 17 hours. "At 5 A. M. of the 5th the march was continued towards Todd's Tavera, at which we arrived about noon of the same day. From here the brigade, together with the rest of the division, marched back a short distance, and, turning to the left, continued our course towards the plank road leading to Orange Court House, where we formed a junction with the Gth corps, and began in good earnest the Battle of the Wilderness. " In this engagement of the 5th the 1st U. S. Sharpshooters were first deployed as skirmishers in the woods to the left of the road, and were supported by the 3d Michigan. After a short time they were withdrawn from this position, and with the exception of the Ist U. S. Sharpshooters the brigade entered the action In line of battle at at 5 P. M., remaining under a terrific fire of musketry until darkness prevented further operations. "During the engagement Brigadier General Alex. Hays, commanding brigade, was shot 246 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. through the head by a musket ball and instantly killed, while he was at the very fronS cheering his men on to victory. Colonel John S. Crocker, 93d New York, now being the senior ofQcer of the brigade, assumed command, and on the morning of May 6th had the briijade in line and advancing to meet the enemy at daybreak. Again the 1st U. S. Sharp- shooters were deployed as skirmishers in front, and closely followed by the brigade in line of battle. " We had not gone more than 400 yards before we met the enemy, whom we found in large force. One of the most desperate musketry engagements was here fought known in the history of this command. But the brigade soon drove them back to other lines, following so closely that it nearly became a rout. In this way we followed them for nearly 1,400 yards, taking three lines of rifle-pits or breastworks formed of rails and logs. But no support came to our assistance at this point, and having advanced to the main body of their army we were compelled to fall back and recross the plank road which we had crossed while after the enemy, about 400 yards in the woods from the Brock road. "At this point fresh troops came to our assistance and the battle became general along the whole line. The brigade remained under the terrible shower of musketry frequently changing our position and fighting incessantly until noon, at which time our left flank became so much exposed and so hardly pressed that we were obliged to fall back to the plank road where breastworks had been erected. In the afternoon the brigade occupied the 2d line during the enemy's assault upon our position, and rendered timely aid in turning the tide of battle by advancing to the first lines of works just as the front Une was pressed back by the overpowering numbers of the enemy. On the 7th this brigade was chosen from the division to go forward and ascertain the position of the enemy, who had seemingly left our front. The 1st U. S. sharpshooters moved forward as skirmishers, foUowed by the brigade massed in column by division. We had not gone more than 400 yards before the skirmishers encountered those of the enemy, pursuing them closely and driving them into their earthworks, a distance of 100 yards from the Brock road. "After it was ascertained that they were there in force, the brigade was withdrawn and joined the division, leaving a skirmish line of sharpshooters near the enemy. In the battle of the Wilderness the following are the casualties among commanding officers: "■ Brigadier General Alex. Hays, killed. "Major C. P. Mattox 1st U. S. S. S., taken prisoner. " Colonel John Pulford, 5th Michigan, severely wounded. " Colonel Geo. West, 17th Maine, severely wounded. " Colonel Peter Sails, 57th Pennsylvania, severely wounded. ''Lieutenant Colonel John A. Danks, 63d Pennsylvania, severely wounded. "Colonel C. A. Craig, 105th Pennsylvania, severely wounded. "Lieutenant Colonel Greenwault, 105th Pennsylvania, mortally wounded. CASUALTIES IN BEIGADE. Killed. Wounded. MiSSINO. Offlcere. EnUstcd Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Kn listed Men. Aggre- gate. General and general staff officers 1 3 "'35' 24 38 14 1 7 2 13 2 Fifth Michigan Fifty-sovcnlh Pennsylvania 160 111 200 36 2 ""'2 14 2 5 7 221 139 Ninetv-tliird New York 4 260 First U. S. Sluirpshoolors 59 Third Micliigmi* Fourth Maine'' Soventcuiitli Maine* Sixty-tliird rciiiisvlvnnia* One hundred and liftli Pennsylvania* Total 8 111 23 507 * 28 681 •Oasualtlos Inclinlcl In the following lablo of casualtiea. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ^47 In the evening of May 7th the briijade, together -with the rest of the division, received orders to march, and the morning of the 8tli fomid us marching by tlie left flank towards Spottsylvania. arriving at Todd's Tavern just after noon, when we were placed in position and occupied the rest of the aftex'noon in throwing up earthworks to repel an attack of the enemy should one be made in such force as to drive the troops from our front, consist- ing of a brigade from the 2d division, 2d corps. Au attack being made on them, the 93d New York was sent out to their support, but was not engaged. Lieutenant P. C. Judkins, a brave and eflQcient staff officer of the brigade, was sent out with the regiment to report them to the commanding officer of the troops in front, and while in the performance of this duty was killed by a shell from the enemy. " On the 9th, at noon, the line of march was again taken up towards the left. "We arrived at Po river about 5 P. M. and had a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry, but succeeded in crossing the river without much difficulty. The brigade marched from the river about three miles and encamped for the remainder of the night with the remainder of the division and corps. " On the morning of the 10th we found ourselves in close proximity to the rebels, who opened several batteries along the line, but did us no damage. The 57th Pennsylvania and 4th Maine were sent out on a reconnoissance to the right and front of the position we had occupied on the night of the 9th, nearly four miles. They found the enemy in force, and were obhged to recross the Po river. During the intervening time the remainder of the brigade recrossed the Po river, and although we were exposed to a furious sheUing during the day, we were not further engaged. In the afternoon we were temporarily detached from our division and ordered to report to General Barlow, commanding 1st division, 2d army corps, who was to attack the enemy, but we soon reported back without having been engaged. "The 11th was occupied in throwing up earthworks by the brigade, while the sharp- shooters were engaged in front in their legitimate business. At 10.30 P. jM. the brigade was ordered to march, leaving the position that we then held in charge of other troops. " Together with the rest of the division and corps, we marched to the extreme left of our lines, and were placed in position preparatory to making an an assault on the enemy's works. The brigade was placed in two lines, the front line commanded by Colonel B. R. Pierce, 3d Michigan, the second line under charge of Colonel J. S. Crocker, commanding brigade. "Precisely at daybreak the lines moved forward, advancing through a ravine, thence up a slope, and through a dense thicket to an open field, at the further end of which were- the enemy's earthworks, lined with infantry and artillery. As the troops came in sight, after driving in the pickets, the enemy opened with shell, grape, and canister, which the command bravely withstood, and charged a distance of nearly 300 yards, exposed at every step to this galling fire. In the charge we captured the enemy's works, three hnes, together with 13 guns and several stand of colors (colors were captured by 3d Michigan and 93d New York), and between 3,000 and 4,000 prisoners. " The movement was completely successful on the part of the brigade, and attended with the most glorious results. The first and most formidable line taken was held by our troops. On the 13th our brigade changed position to the extreme right of the corps, and constructed breastworks, but had no engagement. We daily changed position without any particular result to the brigade until the night of May 18th, at which time we started from the ' Lauder House ' and marched during the night further to the left and rear, arriving near headquarters. Army of the Potomac, at daylight of May 19th, and for the first time since May 5th well out of range of the enemy's fire. We were not long permitted to enjoy this comparative season of rest, for the same afternoon a division of the enemy made a demonstration on our extreme right flank, coming into the ammunition train, which compelled the brigade to go to the support of General Tyler's division, which repulsed them. " We remained on the lines that night, and the following morning the brigade advanced one and one half miles, taking about 200 of the enemy's pickets and stragglers. On this date — May 20th — Colonel J. S. Crocker relinquished command of the brigade in cons«>- quence of illness, and Colonel E. Walker, 4th Maine, being senior oflicer present, assumed command. " On the same evening, by reason of the severe illness of Colonel Walker, the command was giv(^n to Colonel B. R. Pierce, 3d Michigan Infantry. Our casualties in front of Spottsylvania were as follows: 248 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Fifth Michigan Infantry , — Fifty- Seventh Pennsylvania Ninety-third New York First U. S. Sharpshooters Third Michigan Infantry* Fourth Maine* Seventeenth Maine* Sixty-third Pennsylvania*... Oneliundred and Fifth Pennsylvania" Total 11 EnlistprI I Men. Enlisted Men. 6 5 3 5 26 21 24 29 49 168 2 3 2 1 5 6 8 9 10 46 58 16 33 18 103 110 210 169 137 854 Aggre Enlisted! ^^^®- 9 4 4 1 24 13 24 30 9 118 75 2',t 4:? 2r, ii;-- 1 ."/. 2rMS 2:58 209 1,202 ♦Casualties in the Wilderness included. " On the night of May 20th began the march from the Anderson House, near Spottsyl- vania, to the North Anna. The brigade, togetl '■ with the rest of the division, marched all night, and on the 21st continued its course through the village of Bowling Green and Milford Station, crossing the Mattapony rivei at the latter point, and halting on the night of the 21st in the vicinity of Milford, having marched about 20 miles. " At this point we threw up intrenchments and remained until May 23d. We marched at 5.30 P. M. of that date in the direction of Chesterfield, on the south side of the North Anna. Arriving at the North Anna, we found the enemy strongly intrenched at this point, having a redoubt and line of rifle-pits on the north side of the river. At G P. M. the brigade was formed in line of battle and ordered to charge simultaneously with the 1st brigade, which was on our left. The brigade charged as ordered, encountering a terrific shower of shot and shell, advancing far ahead of any other troops, and avoiding the redoubt by obliquing to the right. The fury of the enemy's fire, although for a moment making the hne waver, did not check them. The enemy were forced from their works and driven to the river. The left of the brigade— 93d New York, — after driving the enemy from the redoubt, took possession of ' Taylor Bridge,' which spans the river at this point, and it is believed kept the enemy from burning it. " After the brigade had advanced to the river tiie 1st brigade occupied the captured works on our left and rear. About 8 P. M. the brigade was relieved by the 4th brigade, and we moved further to the left and threw up earthworks. During the night of May 24th we crossed to the south side of the North Anna and intrenched. Here we remained, in the vicinity of the ' Fox House,' with slight change of position, until the night of May 26th, when orders were received to march. In obeying this order we again found our- selves on the north side of the river, and on the 27th made another rapid flank move- ment to the left. " From the 20th to the 28th of May the brigade sustained the following casualties: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggre- gate. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. 8 3 25 1 Officers. Enlisted Men. Fifth Mi(;higan Infaiitrv 1 1 5 1 2 ...v.. 1 1 4 11 Fifl v-Ht'vctitli Penn.svlviinia 5 Nim-Lv-thii'd New York 36 Finst U. S. Sh(iri>sh()()tors 1 Third Mic.liigan Iiifiintry Fourth Maine .. S((vi*nt(!(Mith Maine Si.xtv-tiiird Pcniisvlvanla 5 1 5 ■One Hundred and Fifth Pennsylvania .nil- 2 1 1 38 5 Total 9 4 12 63 MICHIGAN IN THE "WAR. t^49 "May 28th the brigade, together with the rest of the division, marched eight miles to the Pamunliy river and crossed at Huntley's Ferry, encamping for the night about two miles south of the river. On the 29th the 1st Mass;u'iiiisotts Heavy Artillery was assigned to this biigade, and Colonel Thos. R. Tannatt, of that regiment, being the' senior ofilcer, took command of the brigade. In the afternoon of the same day the brigade moved a short distance to the front and began intrenching, working until n(>;irly sundown, after which the brigade, together with the rest of the division, marched to the Tolopotomy, took up a position the same night and intrenched. The 30th was occupied in finishing the intienchmeuts already begun, while the sharpshooters were annoying the enemy in our front. " On the 31st we moved across the Tolopotomy to support the rest of the division. For a short time the 3d and 5th Michigan, 4th Maine, and lOSth Pennsylvania became partially engaged with the enemy. At 11 P. M. the same night the brigade leceived orders to re- cross the Toloi)otomy and take up position on the north bank in some earthworks. We arrived in position at daylight, June 1st, connecting on our left with the 4th brigade. During the morning the 6th corps on our right moved out, leaving our right flank exposed. They had not been gone long when a small party of the enemy were discovered on our right, which necessitated our sending out the 1st 1j. S. Sharpshootei's to drive them back and of changing front with a portion of the brigade, consisting of the 3d Micliigan, 57th Pennsylvania, 4th Maine, and 17th Maine. In the skii'mish that ensued no mateiial dam- age was done. At 10 P. M., June 1st, the brigade received orders to march, and imme- diately moved out on the Cold Harbor road, en route tor Cold Harbor. " Casualties from May 27th to June 1st: Kn.i.Ei). WOINDED. JI I SSI NO. Aggre- gate. OflBcois. Enlisted Men. Officere. Eiilislcd Men. Officers. Men. Fif 111 Michigan Infantrv 2 4 4 1 4 3 20 1 14 2 11 17 4 Seventeenth Maine.. . One Hundred and Fifth Pennsylvania.. 4 5 Third Micliigan Infantrv 52 1 5G 5 28 4 32 Ninctv-third New Yoik 1 4 """4" First U. S. Shari)sho()ters Fiftv-seventh Pennsvlvania 3 18 First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery... Fourth Maine 2 Total 11 4 53 85 153 We had marched all the night of June 1st and kept on our course until 11 A. M., June 2d when we halted until 4 P. M., of the same day, after which the brigade was moved about two miles into a piece of woods, massed in column by regiments and halted for the night on tlio left of the 3d brigade. " During the night orders came that there would be a general attack along the whole line at 4.30 A. M. of June 3d, and the 2d brigade, together with tho rest of the division would move to the support of the 1st and 2d division of the 2d corps, and occupy the works thoy vacatcid in making the change. We did as we were ordered, taking position on the right of the 3d brigade. During the afternoon of the same day the brigade, together with the rest of the division, wei'e ordered down to our right to the support of the 1 8th corps, but did not become engaged. " Here we massed in column of regiments and remained during the night and until the afternoon of June 4th, when we were ordered back to our old position in support of the 1st and 2d divisions, 2d corjis. Col. B. R. Pierce, 3d Michigan, was at this date orden>d to I'cport to the 2d division, 2d coi'ps, to command a brigade, and left our brigade for tills purpose. June 5th, the brigade, together with the rest of the division, changed position further to the left, and took position between the 1st and 3d brigades, where we remained until Juno 12th. " During the temporary halt the term of service of the 3d Michigan expired and on the 9th they were mustered out while the veterans and recruits were transferred to tiio 5th Michigan. On tlie night of June 12th the brigade received marehing orders and 10 o'clock of the same night found us marching by the left flank towards the James river. We 32 2 60 MICHIGAN IN THE WAH. marched all night of June 12th and the 13th crossed the Chickahominy at Long Bridge, moving in the direction of Charles City Court House and arriving at Fort Powhattan at sunset of the same day, having marched at least 25 miles. "At this point we were placed in position and threw up earthworks to protect the crossing of troops over the river. On the 14th the brigade crossed and the same evening formed in lino of battle on the south bank of the James river, posted pickets, and remained in this position until noon of June 15th. The term of service of the 4th Maine having expired on the 13th and they not having been mustered out on that date in conse- quence of the rapid movements, were on this day mustered out. The veterans and recruits were transferred to the 19th Maine, 2d division, 2d army corps. " At this juncture the troops were short of rations, but after waiting till nearly noon of the 15th and rations not arriving at this hour, we were ordered to march without them. We continued to march at a rapid rate all that day in the direction of Petersburg, Va., arriving near that town late in the night of the 15th. The troops, after experiencing such severe marches as they had had for the past few days without rest, were so exhausted that they were glad to bivouac in most any position. On the 16th the sharpshooters were sent out in the morning on the skirmish line, and during the day preparations were made to make an assault on the enemy's works, which was ordered at 6.30 P. M., of that day. At precisely that hour the brigade was advanced in line through a piece of woods towards some earthworks that the enemy had erected for their protection. The brigade drove in their skirmishers and one hne of battle, but owing to the advantageous position of their breastworks, which we charged upon, the assault was for the time relinquished. During the assault the brigade sustained a loss of several ofQcers and men, including Colonel Thos. K. Tannatt, 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, commanding brigade, who was wounded In the head. We secured an advantageous position on the crest of a hill within one hundred yards of the enemy, and strengthened it by constructing breastworks. Major L. B. Duff, 105th Pennsylvania, now being the senior ofiBcer present, assumed command of the brigade. The same evening Major John Williams, A. I. G., 3d division, assumed command by order from division headquarters. "At 9 o'clock P. M., the brigade was relieved by the 3d brigade, 2d division, 18th army corps, after which it marched back and massed for the night in the immediate vicinity of the Dunn House. During the night Colonel Kobert McAllister, 11th New Jersey, was assigned to the command of the brigade. On the morning of the 17th the brigade took the advanced lines on the right of the plank road leading to Petersburg, relieving two brigades (2d and 4th) of the 2d division, 2d army corps. At this point the brigade was formed in two Unes, the first near a piece of woods near the enemy, the second in the rear and behind the crest of the hill. " During the day the troops, although under the fire of the enemy's sharpshooters, labored hard in strengthening our position. We lay here until the morning of the 18th. During the night of the 17th one battalion (4th New York Heavy Artillery) reported to us for the purpose of extending our lines to the right by digging rifle pits. The work was accomplished and orders were received that an assault would be made on the enemy's works at 4.30 A. M. of the 18th. "Preparations were made during the night, and at precisely the hour mentioned the line moved forward over our works and through a piece of woods with very thick under- growth, driving the enemy before us. In the charge the brigade took two lines of the enemy's works, and advanced to the plank road near the ' Hare House,' which leads to Petersburg. Here the brigade halted and re-formed in order to make another charge upon a strong lino in our front about 350 yards distant over an ascending plain. " While at this point the brigade was ordered to report to Brigadier General B. E. Pierce (formerly colonel 3d Michigan Infantry), commanding a brigade, 2d division, 2d corps. At noon the charge was ordered, and the troops climbed the embankment at the side of the road and moved forward, but never did they meet with a more severe fire of shot and shell than when we undertook to ci-oss the open plain in our front. To keep a line in the li«'ld was quite an impossibility, but the right of the brigade moved forward to a line of pine trees, while the left advanced about the same distance to the right of Hare House. In the afternoon we were reheved by some troops of the 2d division, "the brigade again reporting to General Mott for duty. We were then ordered furtlier to the left and occupied a line of works that liad been erected. During the night of the 18th a part of the brigade worked all night building earthworks hi front of the Hare House. June 19th was occupied in sharpshooting, but that night the brigade built a strong line of earth- works running from just in front of the Hare House to the right through the open field, over which the brigade undertook to advance on the 18th. On the night of the 20th the brigade wa.s relieved by some troops of the 9th corps, after which we went to the rear and a little further to the left, a distance of about two miles, and bivouacked for the night. Juno 2lBt nt 10 A. M., the brigade, togetlier with the rest of the division, marched to the left and at 5 P. M. took a position in Iront of wluit is known as the 'Jones House,' a dis- MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 251 tance of nearly or quite three-quarters of a mile. During the night earthworks were erected, but wo left them to advance our position on the morning of the 22d to a point beyond a certain road that had been selected the evening previous and again abandoned. The written order was received on the morning of the 22d indicating,' where our right would rest. Accordingly the brigade was moved forward to the position indicated, each regiment in succession. Our right was to connect with the left of General Gibbon's troops, but by advancing to that position by dayhght as we had received orders, it threw us out in an open field in an elevated position where we were exposed to a murderous fire liom the enemy's sharpshooters and artillery. " After this had been tried, verbal orders were received that the right of the brigade might intrench further to the rear, behind the crest of the elevation, with the understand- ing that it should move forward to its proper position after nightfall. The three left regi- ments of the brigade were formed at nearly right angles with the rest of the brigade, exposing their left Hank to the fire of the enemy, although other troops partially con- nected on our right by a skirmish line, and running in another direction. Our leit had been thus thrown forward after repeated verbal orders had been received to ' throw our left well out.' The 105th Pennsylvania, on our left, to secure this advanced position that had been selected, were first obliged to send a small working party and intrench them- selves. The brigade, working under many disadvantages, were constantly under the Are of the enemy's sharpshooters, and about noon they commenced shelling the right of our line at a furious rate. While thus engaged in intrenching, the enemy gained an advantage over the troops to the left of our line, and drove them in on our left and rear. At the same time our skirmishers became hotly engaged directly in our front, which gave us a severe tire in front, on our left flank in rear. This necessitated the withdrawal of the left of the brigade, which was done, and its front changed to protect the right of the brigade. In the meantime the enemy advanced to our right and turned the left flank of the 2d division on our immediate right, which left the brigade in an isolated position, with fire from nearly every direction. At this juncture Colonel McAllister, then commanding brigade, ordered the withdrawal of the troops to the position in rear, where we had intrenched the night before. This was done, although with the loss of several prisoners, beside some killed and wounded. " The brigade was re-formed and then moved by the left flank up the road to the rear t>f a battery that had become engaged with the enemy. In this position we lay until just before sunset, when orders were received to form in front of the breastworks and charge across a cornfield, a distance of about 300 yards, to the woods beyond, and drive the enemy from the position they were holding there. The charge was successfully made, with loss of but few men. At 11 P. M. we were relieved and bivouacked for the night. After the troops had got into position for the night orders were received that an attack would be made at 3 A. M., June 23d, by the 1st brigade and other troops in the front lines, and that we would immediately occupy the intrenchments after they had vacated them. This was done, and the brigade occupied the intrenchments all day on June 23d. Late in the evening of that day we were relieved and went back through the woods and bivouacked for the night; changed position on the morning of the 24th, and were ordered to build breastworks in the open field near the Jones House, and near the position that we occupied. The work was commenced, but soon suspended, the brigade being ordered 'to be ready to move at a moment's notice.' We remained in this position during the night of June 24th, and the next day Colonel Eobert McAllister was reheved from com- mand of the brigade, and Brigadier General B. R. Pierce assumed command. "June 28th the command was ordered to the left of the 'Jerusalem plank-road,' near the position occupied on the 22d inst., to construct earthworks and to occupy them after they had been finished. The earthworks were soon constructed and the brigade soon went into camp behind them. Here we remained without any noteworthy events occurring until the evening of July 11th, at which time, in accordance with instructions from superior headquarters, the works in front were leveled. At 3 A. M. of the 12th the com- mand moved out by the left fiank, marched a httlo more than a mile, and massed the troops near the 'Williams House,' on the Jerusalem plank-road, where wo remained until the morning of the 13th, during which time the pioneei's and other troops of the brigade worked in leveling eartliworks that were of no further use. On the 13th the command was marched about two miles farther to the right, and in rear of the 5th and 9tli corps, where camps were established, and the command felt for the first time that they were really out from under the fire of the enemy since the campaign commcnceii. "At this pouit the brigade remained, large details daily going out on fatigue, until the morning of July 23d, when we moved at dayhght about one and one-half miles, occupy- ing a small fort and earthworks, remaining until July 26th. At this date orders came for the command to move at 4 P. M. Gem-ral Pierce being sick at this time was obliged to rehnquish the command and Colonel D. Chaplin, 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, assumed command. At 5 P. M. of the 2Gth, the command left our position on the left 2b'Z MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and marched all the night following, crossing the Appomattox near Bermuda Hundreds, and crossed the James near Deep Bottom at daybreak on the morning of the 27th. " We hardly had a chance to I'est after a march of over 20 miles before we were placed in position near the point where the command had been halted to rest, and where skir- mishing had already begun between the enemy and a portion of the 2d corps. Th'e enemy were driven from their position without the assistance of this command and shortly after- wards we were advanced to a position on the extreme right of our corps, connecting on the right with the cavalry. "From this position we were marched by the left flank and soon afterwards formed a new line through a piece of woods, our left connecting with the right of the 1st division, while the right rested near the Newmarket road. At sunset of the same day this Une was again changed further to the left and somewhat to the rear of the position just vacated, where we remained during the night. " On the 28th the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery was temporarily transferred to the 1st brigade, while the 141st Pennsylvania was transferred to this command. This gave us another change of commanders, as Colonel Henry J. Madill, 141st Pennsylvania, assumed command. In the afternoon of July 28th the command was marched further to the rear and formed a line of battle along the earthworks that had been taken from the enemy on the morning of the 27th. "They were immediately reconstructed facing opposite from the original design in anticipation of an attack from the enemy. At dark the same day orders were received to move out immediately. This was done and the command recrossed James river on the pontoon bridge at Deep Bottom on our route to the front of Petersburg, where we were informed we must be at dayhght of July 29th. The troops were massed at I'ight and in the rear of the 18th corps at daybreak July 29th, in which position we remained during the day. At dark the same evening, in accordance with orders received, the brigade marclied furtlier to the left and took a position to the left of the City Point railroad in the front line of intrenchments, relieving a part of the 18th corps, our right connecting with the left of the 3d brigade, and the left with the right of the 1st brigade. During the assault on the enemy's works by a poi-tion of the army July 30th, the brigade did not become engaged except by brisk firing from the intrenchments, which was kept up during the day. "On the evening of the 30th the command was relieved by the 18th corps, and we march(;d to our old position of July 25th, on the left of the Une. During the operations from June 1st to July 30th, the casualties in the brigade were as follows: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Officers. Enlisted Men. OfflcerE, Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. gate. Fifth Michigan Infantry 15 2 5 9 26 5 6 2 2 3 .2 15 1 4 50 15 14 20 201 27 20 2 2 1 17 8 13 5 202 4 9 86 Fifty- Seventh Pennsylvania 1 29 Ninety-third New York 35 First U. S. Sharpshooters 36 First Massacliusetts Heavy Artillery... Sixtv-lhird Pennsvlvania 1 451 37 One Hundred and Fifth Pennsylvania.. 39 Fourtii M aine 2 Total 2 68 29 349 9 258 715 RecapitulaHon. Killed. WOXINDED. MlESIKQ. Aggre- Offlcors. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. gate. In the Wilderness 8 11 Ill 168 9 11 68 23 46 4 4 29 507 854 38 53 349 1 M'l 4 6 ""9" 28 118 12 85 258 681 At Spottsylvunia . 1,202 63 From 20lii to 28th of May From 28tli of May to Ist of Juno From Ibt of Juno to Julv 30 '""'2' 153 Total 21 :;c.7 ]('«■ 18 501 1 *".<• I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 25a The regiment, then in command of Colonel Pulford, with its brigade com- manded by Colonel Craig, 105th Pennsylvania, moved from its encampment in front of Petersburg via City Point, and on August 14th entered upon an extended reconnoissance on the North side of the James River, and became engaged with the enemy at Strawberry Plains on the lotii and IGth, the brig- ade on the latter date having been temporarily attaciied to the 10th corps. Following is the report covering the operations of the brigade : Headquaeteks 2d Bkigade, 3d Division, 2d Aemy Cobps, / August 23d, J864. ) Major, — In accordance with orders received from Headquarters 3d Division, 2d Army Corps, dated August 21st, 18G4, I have the honor to submit the followiufi- report of the part talien by this brigade in the recent operations on the north side of the James Eiver: "The troops of this brigade anived at Deep Bottom, Va., and disembarked at day-break on the morning of tlie 14th inst. At about 1(1 o'clock the same morning we were moved a short distance across the plain from James Kiver, and massed in column of regiments near a piece of woods, in which position we remained the rest of the day and the following night. " On the 15th we were temporarily detached from our di\ ision and ordered to report to the 10th corps for duty. "The brigade was attached to the 2d division, 10th corps, commanded by Brigadier General Wm. Birney. "We had no sooner halted after having reported than the brigade was ordered to make a reconnoissance to the extreme right of the position towards Charles City road, with instructions "to push on and reach the road if possible." At 2 o'clock the brigade was placed in position. The 1st U.S. Sharpshooters were deployed as skirmish- ers, while the line of battle consisted of the followuig regiments, in the order given from right to left : Sith Pennsylvania, 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artilleiy, and 105th Pennsyl- vania. " This line was supported on either flank by the 141st Pennsylvania and 5th Michigan Infantry respectively, massed in column by division, while the '93d New York ^\a.s also- massed in column by division behind the center of the line of battle. The 57th Pennsyl- vania was deployed as flankers to protect the left flank of the brigade, while the right flank was protected by cavalry. " After these dispositions had been made the skirmishers moved forward and engaged those of the enemy, who were deployed only a short distance in a piece of woods and one and one-half miles from Charles City road. They were closely followed by the hne of battle and supports, and were driven ijack from their position to their hne of battle, which, after a brisk engagement of short duration, was completely routed, and we pursued them closely as far as Charles City road where we took up a position in accordance with our instructions, and where we found them strongly intrenched about 800 yards distant from the road. Here we remained until nearly dark the same evening, when we were ordered back three miles to General Birney's division, where we arrived soon after dark, and massed in column of regiments for the night. Our loss in this engtigenieiit was as follows: KllLEP. Wol'NDED. Ml SSI NO. onicers. Enlisted Men. OdiCLTB. 2 1 Eiilislfd • ittners. Kiilisled Mm. Aggre- gHte. First U. S. Sharpshooters 1 1 7 G 6 4 2 1 1 11 Eighty-fourth Pennsvlvania 8 One hundred and fifth Pennsvlvania G First Massachusetts Heavv Artillery... 1 7 Fiftv-seventh Pennsylvania 4 Ninetv-thirii New York 2 Fitth Michigan ! 1 Total 3 3 32 1 39- " Prisoners captured during the day, none. "The same evening an order was received from headquarters 2d division, 10th nrniy 254 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. corps, to detail 800 men from the brigade to relieve some colored troops in the front line and occupy the works during the night. Accordingly the 5th Michigan, 105th Pennsyl- vania, 84th Pennsylvania, and 141st Pennsylvania were selected for the purpose, the whole detail commanded by Colonel John Pulford, 5th Michigan. On the mornmg of the 16th we were well prepared for action, which belief led the commander of, the 10th corps to attach us to the attacking column. " For this purpose we were ordered to report to General Terry, commanding division, 10th army corps, for duty. We had scarcely reported when the order of attack seemed to have been changed. The assaulting column was to be that of General Foster, which occasioned another transfer of the 2d brigade and another report. "The brigade was used in this attack to protect the right flank of the attacking column. For this purpose the 1st U. S. sharpshooters and 5th Michigan were deployed as skirmish- ers, and extending back from the right flank of General Foster's division. The skumish line was suppoited by a line of battle consisting of the 93d New York, 84th Pennsylvania, 105th Pennsylvania, and 141st Pennsylvania. The 57th Pennsylvania and 1st Massachu- setts Heavy Artilleiy were massed in column by division in rear of the line of battle, to extend the skirmish hne to the right or to support the line of battle as the case might be. Alter these dispositions had been made the front lines of the attacking column moved forward and we conformed to their movements by marching by the left flank. " We had not advanced far before the engagement commenced. The enemy's pickets were driven in and the front line confronted their rifle pits, which were soon carried. This advance occasioned the deployment of the 1st Massachusetts Hea\'y Artillery on the right of the 5th Michigan as flankers. From the rifle pits the lines again moved forward and soon became severely engaged with the enemy in their earthworks. The left of our skirmish line also became engaged. A brisk and hotly contested action ensued, which, after a determined assault by our lines resulted in the capture of their earthworks. In front of these works a ra^ine extended in an oblique direction from left to right across an open field, a distance of about 250 or 300 yards. The enemy still occupied this I'avine and the crest beyond. To drive them from this position the balance of the brigade was ordered up to make a chai'ge and drive them out. Accordingly those regiments which were not on the skirmish line (93d New York, 84th Pennsylvania, 141st Pennsylvania, 105th Penn- sylvania, and 57th Pennsylvania) were marched up by the left flank and formed in front of these earthworks in two lines, the second line being composed of the 57th Pennsyl- vania. We formed ' on left by file into line ' at nearly right angles with the earthworks and parallel to the ravine, which we had to charge. From this point we charged across the open field and into the ravine, driving the enemy before us. " The enemy fought stubbornly and the position was hotly contested. In this advance the brigade took three commissioned officers and one hundred enUsted men of the enemy prisoners. " We held our position in the ravine for nearly an hour, until we were completely flanked, receiving a fire on both flanks and in front, and as we had no supports we were comiiellod to fall back to the captured earthwoiks, which were now occupied by troops from the 1 Otii corps. In this action and after we had fallen back to the earthworks. Colonel C. A. Craiij, 105th Pennsylvania, commanding brigade, was mortally wounded through the head by a musket ball wliile he was in the act of giving an order about re-forming his brigade. His gallantry and efliciency on the field had been remarked by all and the brigade felt severely his loss. " Tlie loss in the brigade in this action was as follows: Killed. Wounded. Missing. Aggre- gate. Ollici'ie. Enlisted Meu. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Fifth Michigan Infantrv 3 10 10 17 7 18 6 1 3 Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania 1 "1 4 29 6 5 28 15 Eiglitv-fourth Pcnnsvlvania 1 1 40 One lluiidrcii and Filtli I'ennsylvania. . One Hundred and Forty-first Penu Nlnotv-tiiird New York 1 ■■■4 1 2' 2 2(3 13 52 First U. S. Sharpsliootors- ... 8 First MasKuchusetls Heavy Artillery. .. 1 20 22 2 Total 6 6 72 1 92 179 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 255 " As soon as we had fallen back to the earthworks the brigade was ordered to the rear bo re-form. The command now devolved on Colonel John Pulford, 5th Michigan, who was informed, and immediately assumed command (Major Daniel S. Root, 5th Michigan, succeeding in command of the regiment) . " Within three-fourths of an houi- the brigade was re-formed about 600 yards in the rear of the front Unes, and reported to division hcadqujirters for duty. In consideration of the last desperate charge that was made by the brigade far beyond the advance of any other troops; of the stubborn resistance to the lire on both flanks and in front; of the llnal charge of the enemy on the ravine, which compelled us to fall back, and the capture of a position of the command by the enemy, all told of the discipUne of the command which allowed it to be re-formed in three-fourths of an hour. But few stragglers were in the rear, and the troops were well organized. "After lying in the rear about an hour, we were again placed in position on the front lines, our left connecting on the right of the 7th U. S. Colored Infantiy. "While in this position the enemy made a demonstration on our right flank, which compelled us to refuse a portion of the brigade on the right, consisting of the 84th Pennsylvania, after which they were repulsed. " We remained in this position untU late in the evening of ilio 16th, during which time a, hne of earthworks was constructed in rear of our lines. After it was completed our line was withdrawn from this advanced position and occupied the line of earthworks that had been prepared for us. In the meantime the 1st U. S. Sharpshooters had been relieved from the skirmish line on the flank, and ordered to headquarters 2d division, 10th army corps, for duty. "The 5th Michigan and 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery remained on the skirmish line, and the remainder of the brigade occupied the front line of earthworks until the morning of the 17th, when the brigade was relieved and ordered to rejoin our division. "To more fully set forth our conduct while attached to the 10th corps, I herewith sub- join a copy of an order issued at headquarters 2d division, 10th army corps, at the time of our being relieved; " Headquarters Birnet's Division Tknth army Corps, I " Auyusl nih, 1864. \ «'Ordeks. '• In accordance with orders from corps headquarters, the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d army corns, is hereby relieved Irom duty with this division, and will report to its own division commander tor duty. " The brigadier general commanding cannot mrt with this brigade without testifying his high sense of the gallantry on the field while under his command. He was an eye-witness to its stand in the rebel woi-ks, which was worihy of its old reputation for hard fighting. " By order of BRIGADIER GENERAL WM. BIENEY. " M. Bailet, Captain and A. A. O. " The brigade rejoined the 3d division, 2d army corps, on the afternoon of the 17th tnst., and massed in column by regiments, where we remained until the evening of the 18th, when we crossed to the south side of the James river en route to the vicinity of Petersburg, where we arrived on the 19th. Here our troops were placed in position on the front lines, connecting on our right with the 1st brigade, 3d division, and on our left with the 5th corps. " I cannot close the report without personally mentioning the ofScers of the staff of this brigade. I find, too, that not only one should be mentioned by name, but the whole of them, who were so active during all the operations. The names of Captain F. E. Marble, A. A. A. G., Captain W. H. Lloyd, A. I. G., Captain S. S. Hill, A. A. D. C, and Lieu- tenant S. D. Newcomb, A. A. D. C, shall ever be remembered as very gentlemanly and eflBcient officers, who were conspicuous for their braveiy by remaining in the most dan- gerous situations to attend to the welfare and prompt duties of the brigade. " 1 am, Major, very respectfully, " Your obedient servant, JOHN PULFOED, " Colonel Commanding Brigade. " Majob John Hancock, "A. A. G., 3d Div., 2d A. 0." Ou October 26th the 5tli marched to the Weldon railroad, theuce ou the next day moved to the Boydtoii plank road on the extreme left of the army, and participated in the attack made on the enemy's right, sustaining a severe loss in officers and men, including among the killed Adjutant J. F. McGiuley and Lieutenant S. A. Boyd. The regiment captured a large number of pris- •ZbH MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. oners in this affair, and having returned to its former position in front of Petersburg, on the 31st received orders, together with the 1st U. S. sharp- shooters and 105th Pennsylvania, all under command of Colonel Pulford, Lieutenant Colonel S. S. Mathews being in command of the 5th, to garrison Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem plank road. Tlie casualties in the engagements in which the^regiment participated during the year, were: At Kelly's Ford, 1 wounded; Locust Grove, 1 killed, 15 wounded, 2 missing — total, 18. Mine Kun, 3 wounded. Wilderness, 38 killed, 167 wounded, 16 missing — total 221. Spottsylvania Court House, 6 killed, 60 wounded, 9 missing — total, 75. North Anna River, 1 killed, 9 wounded, 1 missing — total, 11. Tolopotomy Creek, 2 killed, 4 wounded, 11 missing — total, 17. Before Petersburg, 15 killed, 52 wounded, 19 missing — total, 86. Strawbery Plains, 1 killed, 13 wounded — total 14. Boydton plank road, 9 killed, 52 wounded, 43 missing — total, 105, being an aggregate of 74 killed, 366 wounded, and 101 missing, and a total of 551. On the 1st of November, 1864, the regiment was in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, Army of the Potomac, and was doing garrison duty in Fort Davies, in the front line of works, before Petersburg, Va. On December 23d the veterans and recruits of the 1st regiment U. S. sharp- shooters (Michigan men) were permanently transferred to the 5th, which was now composed of the 3d 5th, and sharpshooters. The regiment, in command of Colonel Pulford and now armed with the Sharp's improved breech-loading rifle for skirmish service, on January 15th, 1865, formed part of General Warren's command on his raid to "Weldon, and on its return was stationed on the railroad near Humphrey's station. After laying at that point for two weeks it moved again to the front line of works before Petersburg, and in the meantime company B, 2d regiment, U. S. sharpshooters (also Michigan men), had in February been transferred to the 5th. At Petersburg the regiment had built winter quarters and been employed on fatigue and picket duty until March 25th, when it participated in the attack on the enemy's works near Hatcher's Run, where it assisted in driving him from his first line of works, after a heavy engagement of four hours; remaining at that point until the 29th, it moved about six miles to the left, and on the morning of the 30th the regiment was deployed as skirmishers and became engaged with the enemy's pickets, and after driving them within tlieir main line of works near Fort Harney fire was opened on tiie regiment from three batteries, but it succeeded in holding its ground until the otli corps got into position, when the line was maintained. On the 2d of April the regiment, with the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, command of Colonel Pulford, the 5th in com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel Root, made a demonstration on the enemy's works, for the purpose of developing his position and strength. This being accomplished with but small loss, the command held its position during the iiiglit and next morning the regiment with its corps participated in the general atjsault on the enemy's fortifications, which resulted in carrying his entire line of works and tlie capture of Petersburg, and is reported to have been the first regi- ment to raise its colors on tiie works. In following up the retreat of that part of tlic enemy which took the line of the South Side railroad, the regiment was dei)loycd as skirmishers, and on the 4th and 5th pressed his rear guard closely. On liio 6th he matlo a stanil at Sailor's Creek, to protect the crossing of his baggage, when the brigade made a charge, capturing 173 wagons, the regi- ment taking a stand of colors and 145 prisoners. The enemy being followed MICHIGAN IN THE WAE, 257 up closely by the brigade, on the 7th and 8th, the regiment acting as flankers and skirmishers, became engaged at New Store, and on the 9th was in the front in line of battle at A[)pomattox Court House, at the surrender of Lee. At that point the regiment lay until the 13th, when it marched back to Burkeville, and on the 1st of May proceeded via Richmond to Washington, D. C, where it participated in the review of the armies at that place on the 2dd. On the 10th of June it started for Louisville via the Baltimore & Ohio rail- road to Parkersburg, and thence by steamer down the Ohio River. Arriving at Louisville on the 14th it crossed the river to Jeffersonville, Ind., and remained there until July 5th, when it was mustered out of service and pro- ceeded in command of Colonel Pulford to Michigan, arriving on the 8th at Detroit, where, on the 17th, it was paid off and disbanded. The regiment, while in service, participated in battles and skirmishes at Pohick Church, Va., January 9, 1862; siege of Yorktown, Va., A})ril 4 to May 4, 1862; Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862; Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862; Peach Orchard, Va., June 29, 1862; Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Bull Run 2d, Va., August 28, 1862; Grove- town, Va, August 29, 1862; Chantilly, Va., September 1, 1862; Fredericks- burg, Va., December 13, 1862; The Cedars, Va., May 2, 1863; Chancellors- ville, Va., Mav 3, 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, 1863; Wapping Heights, Va., July 23, 1863; Auburn Heights, Va., October 1, 1863; Kelly's Ford, Va., November 26, 1863; Locust Grove, Va., November 27, 1663; Miue Run, Va., November 29, 1863; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 6, and 7, 1864; Todd's Tavern, Va., May 8, 1864; Po River, Va., May 8, 1864; Spottsyl- vauia, Va., May 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 23, 1864; Toloi)otomv, Va., May 30, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 16 and 22, 1864; Deep Bottom, Va., July 27 and 28, 1864; Strawberry Plains, August 15 and 16, 1864; Poplar Spring Church, September 30, 1864; Boyd- ton Road, Va., October 27, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865; Boydton Road, Va., April 2, 1865; Capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1865; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865; New Store, Va., April 8, 1865; Appomat- tox Court House, Va., April 9. 1863; seige of Petersburg, Va,, from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. During its service the regiment had borne on the rolls 1,950 officers and men. Its losses were 10 officers, 141 men killed in action ; 6 officers, 75 men died of wounds; 3 officers and 163 men of disease. " The mighty have fallen, yet death cannot chill Those noble emotions the soul ever thrill; The {?rave hath no confines the spirit to hold, ■\Vhile back to its kindred it flies to unfold." Notes.— From the Eichmond Enquirer, 1861: "Among the thousand prisoners now in Richmond, one is a real prize. His name is Fairbanks, and he is the adjutant of the Mich- igan regiment (1st 3 months). He hails from Detroit; by trade he is a shoemaker, and by nature is one of the blackest-hearted abolitionists and haters of the South that is anywhere suffered to carry God's breath around in a wicked carcass. He is the same individual who was so urgent to have the clergyman arrested in Alexandria for praying for the Confederate States, thrown into tlie negro pen, and there confined until he repented. He was equally anxious to have several of Llie ladies of Alexandria hung as an example of the manner in which the abohtionists intended to treat secessionists. As you now have an excellent opportunity of allowing him to tost the beauties of his theorj', I would suggest that the fellow be kindly treated as k>ng as he lives on bread and water, and that twice a day a committee of ladies call upon him, and, with a rope, stretch his neck until he is perfectly satit^lied with the honor conferred upon him. Afterwards I would exchange him for some miserable cur, and shoot the dog." 3.> 258 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The numerous friends of the gallant and noble-hearted gentleman referred to will be much amused at this description of Major Fairbanks, who, under the most provoking circumstances, could be nothing else than a gentleman, and a brave and honorable man. While this regiment was quartered in rebel huts at Brandy Station, in the early part of 1864, two Irish soldiers were busy one morning cookmg coffee for the officers, in. front of the headquarters' hut; having each a coffee-pot, and the fire being small, a quarrel was soon in order, each iamming his pot against the other's, until one was capsized and the coffee spilled. This brought the owner to his feet with an oath, and, with clinched fist in close proximity to his comrade's nose, burst out in his pure mother tongue: "Paddy, if ye's don't stop I'll shout to Colonel Mathews, an' if he doesn't stop ye's, be Saint Patrick I'll make ye's a prisent of a wooden overcoat" (a coffin). During the terrible days of fighting and hardship in the Wilderness, and frequently afterwards on Grant's flank movement to the James, the ambulance corps being unabie to take care of all the wounded, mule teams with common army wagons were often ordered to the front to assist in conveying the disabled to the rear. Captain Blackman, quartermaster of the 5th Michigan, had an Irishman, a teamster, in his train, who was somewhat inclined to avoid this kind of duty. One morning, in anticipation of a hard fight, Blackman had an order to send two wagons to the front, and detailed this man with another for that purpose. The fighting having become brisk, the Irishman tried to avoid the detail, stating that his mules were all lame, and he did not feel veiy well himself, but finally had to go. He was absent the entire day, returning to the rear about 10 o'clock at night. Blackman said to him on his return: "Well, Mike, how did you get along?" "Purty well, sir; only they kept me foolin' about, dodgin' balls all day, widout doin' a ha'p'erth, until I almost dispaired of gettin' anything to put in my wagon ; but as luck would have it, be the hokj', about sundown the rebels went to work in dead earnest, and shot me down a load in about fifteen minutes," seeming pei'fectly elated, and feeling big over his success. Two men of the 5th went out several miles on a foraging expedition, and in their hunt found some fiour in sacks, and each appropriated one. On their way home they noticed what seemed to be a storehouse adjohiing a plantation; this they proposed to examine. On entering it they found a barrel partly full of what they thought was buck-\\ heat flour, and preferring it to the wheat flour, emptied their sacks and refilled them from the barrel, and continued theii- journej' to camp, a considerable distance. In the morning, bright and early, they went to work on the pancakes, expecting to have an unusually fine break- fast. The flour was placed in the dish, and the water and other ingredients supplied, when the stirring commenced; but, lo! and behold, the flour became suddenly unusually thick, and was hardening. This alarmed the compounder, and, looking at it in amaze- ment, he called to his comrade, "The curs't stuff is sat." His mate instantly rushed to the spot, but before he reached there the material was almost perfectly hard ; he was unable to take it from the dish with his hands, but, turning it upside down, dumped it out, hard as a brick. One whispered to the other, "Plaster Paris!" Not another word was said, but both skipped to their tent in silence. During one of the winters of the war there was a standing order in a regiment serving in the Army of the Potomac for religious services once on every Sunday. Some Sundays it was extremely cold— too cold, really, lor any chaplain to preach out of doors, or lor the soldiers to listen. The major, a gallant officer, who was in command of the regiment at the time about to be referred to, not being much in favor of such service, and being some- what opi)(>.sed to chaplains generally, and at the same time inclined to the idea that they earned tiiuir pay rather easily, took special pains on such cold days to make a special effort to have the chaplain, a man of much ability, preach, not altogether for any benefit he believed the boklieis would derive therefrom, butfor the purpose of annoying the chaplain. On one very cold Sunday there seemed to be some delay in getting" the meeting up, and the major sent an orderly tor the chaplain, directing him to hold service. It was so cold that no one cuuld stand to listen to any discourse; still it had to be undertaken. The church cull was sounded, the chaplain took his post, the command was marched to the place; the major, of course, must be there to at least give countenance to his own order; everyone was sliivering, he with the others. The chaplain commenced; then both officers and men began to siic-k the shelter ol' their tents; the congregation soon became unusually thin, but the discourse was continued. In a short time very few were left except some of the onicers, the major included, and a small number of the men; but the chaplain held forth, the major suffering with the others, but he dare not leave; finally scarcely any but he remained; the cliaplaln still wont on continuuig his discourse; which, when closed, had lasl.'d one hour un-l a half. Whan the end luul come the major made for his tent, almost Uo/A'u, and on entfiing which ho said to his brother officers, in a way which he desired to be understood us jociilur: "Well, boys, the old chaplain has euchred me after all! Give me some ichinky, quick!" There was no more church ser\4ces on such cold Sundays. SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. "Onward, then, our stainless banner, Let it kiss the stripe and star, Till in weal and woe united They forever wedded are. We will plant them by the river, By the Gulf, and by the strand, Till they float, to float forever, O'er a free, united land." The 6th, another of the camp of instruction regiments, was rendezvoused atKahtmuzoo and was mustered into the United States service August 20, 18(31. It was composed of the companies originally assigned to it when ordered to the camp, and which were recruited in the vicinity of the places mentioned in their respective names. On the organization of the regiment they received the alpliabetical designation given below : A, Berrien County Eifles, Niles. B, St. Joseph Volunteers, St. Joseph. C, Schoolcraft Ijight Guard, Schoolcraft. D, Dowagiac Light Infantry, Dowagiac. E, Wolverine Rifle liaiigers, Marshall. F, Sahne Sharpshooters, Sahue. G, Littlejohn Light Guard, Alle- gan. H, Eaton Eifles, Charlotte. 1, Albion Eifle Eangers, Albion. K, Beardsley Guard, Kiles. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Frederick W. Curtenius, Kalamazoo. Lieutenant Colonel, Thomas S. Clark, Monroe. Major, Edward Bacon, Kiies. Surgeon, Charles V. Mottram, Kalamazoo. Assist- ant Surgeon, Simeon S. French, Battle Creek. Adjutant, Curtis W. Kilborn, Kalamazoo. Quartermaster, Le Grand W. Perce, St. Joseph. Chaplain, Ehzur Andrews, Nilos. A. Captain Efl A. Griffin, Niles. First Lieutenant, "WiiJiam W. Thayer, Battle Creek. Second Lieutenant, Selden F. Craig, Niles. B. Captain, William W. Wheeler, St. Joseph. First Lieutenant, Augustus W. Chap- man, St. Joseph. Second Lieutenant, Le Grand W. Perce, St. Joseph. C. Captain, Garrett J. Spitzer, Schoolcraft. First Lieutenant, Joseph Eoberts, School- craft. Second Lieutenant, Curtis W. Kilborn, Kalamazoo. D. Captain, Charles E. Clark, Dowagiac. First Lieutenant, Frederick J. Clark, Dowagiac. Second Lieutenant, James A. Ellis, Dowagiac. E. Captain, James Winters, Marbhall. First Lieutenant, Sylvester CogsweU, Mar- shaU. Second Lieutenant, Charles Heine, Marshall. F. Captain, John Cordon, Saline. First Lieutenant, Henry A. Harris, Saline. Second Lieutenant, Seymour Howell, Saline. G. Captain, Chauncey J. Bassett, Allegan. First Lieutenant, Henry Stark, Otsego. Second Lieutenant, Alfred 0. Wallin, Chicago, 111. H. Captain, Smith W. Fowler, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Peter D. Montgomery, Eaton llapids. Second Lieutenant, William S. Trask, Charlotte. I. Captain, Harrison Soule, Albion. First Lieutenant, Alfred J. Ealf, Jonesville. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Charles S. Fasset, Sandstone. K. Captain, David Bacon, Niles. First Lieutenant, Horace Cummings, Nfles. Second Lieutenant, John Jacks, Edwardsburg. 260 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. The regiment, in command of Colonel Ourtenius, left Kalamazoo for the Potomac August 30th, 1861, its mnster rolls showing a force of 944 officers and men. On its arrival at Baltimore it -was ordered into camp, where it lay during most of the winter following. On the passage of the 7th Michigan through Cleveland, a few days later, the ** Herald " of that city remarked : "In speaking of the passage through Cleveland a few days since of the 6th Michigan, we reniarlied that it -was the finest regiment the Wolverines had sent to the war. We are inclined to think, from present appearances, that the same observation will be equally applicable to each successive Michigan regiment as it takes up its line of march for Washington, for the personnel of the^th Michigan cannot be beat." The citizens of Kalamazoo procured for the 6th Infantry an elegant banner of the regulation standard. On a blue field were fine decorations in gold letters, and among the stars the single inscription, *'Do your duty." The flag was sent by the Hon. H. G. Wells to the Regiment while in camp at Baltimore, where it was formally presented by Colonel Curtenius, com- manding. It was carried through the several battles of the regiment, and finally was sent to Kalamazoo as the gift of the regiment to Colonel Curtenius. On November 14th it composed a part of an expedition, in command of General Lockwood, to the eastern shore of Virginia, for the purpose of driving^ out a rebel force under General Henry A. Wise, who were fortifying a point on the Potomac. Upon the approach of the Union force they hurriedly dis- persed, leaving considerable ammunition and small arms. The Union force, after destroying the works, returned to Baltimore, arriving there on December 8th. While the regiment lay in Baltimore it was given by the Union ladies of that city a handsome silk U. S. flag. It was presented on behalf of the donors by a prominent lawyer of Baltimore, and a proper response was made by Colonel Curtenius. The Gth left Baltimore February 22d, 1862, by steamers for Fortress Mon- roe, arriving there next day, encamped at Newport News. On March 4th, with the 4th Wisconsin and 21st Indiana, the regiment embarked on transport steamer "Constitution," and proceeding to sea passed under fire of rebel batteries on Sewell's Point, disembarked at Ship Island, Miss., on the 13th of March, where it remained until April 14th, when, with the 4th Wisconsin and 21st Indiana, it embarked on the transport ship ''Great Republic," and in tow of a steamer started for the mouth of the Mississippi to constitute a part of the attacking force on the expedition against New Orleans, in coininaiid of General Benj. F. Butler. The force commenced landing in Black I5ay, in rour of Fort St. Phillip, with the intention of attacking that point; but while in the act intelligence was received that both Forts Jackson and St. Philli))s had surrendered, and consequently the expedition ended, and after the destruction of a bridge in that vicinity it proccoled to the mouth of the Mississippi, tlience up tliat river by boats to New Orleans, arriving there on tiio 2d of May, taking possession of the U. S. mint, and being one of the first regiments t<» occupy that city after its capture by the Union troops. On the 'Jtli of M:iy the regiment, with its brigade, took boats and proceeded about 37 miles up tlic Mississippi, and, disembarking, started inland, marching all night through a cypress swamp in water so deep as to require great effort to> save the ammunition from ruin, while the rations were all destroyed. The object of the expedition was the capture of a train of cars on the New Orleans MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 261 and Jackson railroad, cut the road and destroy bridges, which being success- fully accomplished the force returned, arriving at Kennar on the 10th, where it embarked on steamers and proceeded to Baton Rouge, then in command of General Thomas Williams, arriving there on the 13th, thence up the river on a reconnoissance as far as Warrenton, five miles below Vicksburg. Arriving there the ISth, the object of the reconnoissance being accomplished, the return trip on commenced, and arriving at Grand Gulf was fired into bv a light battery, when the force landed and drove the enemy inland about' two miles, then returned, and on re-enibarking continued the trip down the river, arriving at Baton Eouge on the 29th, and went into winter quarters at the barracks. Soon after the arrival of the regiment at Baton Rouge, and while it was comfortably situated in barracks, an order was given by the general com- manding to Colonel T. S. Clark, then in command of the regiment, to move and bivouac his regiment in the adjoining woods, without tents or any other shelter, to make room for the 9th Connecticuii> a regiment having tents, while the use of these tents, which belonged to the United States, was refused the Michigan regiment. This was a proceeding which the officers protested iigainst, and on refusing to obey the order, the field officers and several of the line officers were placed in arrest, but finally the order was reluctantly com- plied with, and the regiment marched out under the order of a captain, into the woods, where it remained, without shelter, until after the battle, which eoon occurred, suffering much from exposure. This was a most unaccountable proceeding on the part of the commander, as the regiment had not deserved in any manner so unreasonable a test of its discipline, nor such a contempti- ble discrimination against it in favor of another regiment, and it is presumed that had he lived but a short time longer the gallantry of the regiment in battle would have secured a more favorable consideration at his hands. The officers arrested were sent to ISIew Orleans for trial, but were released on the order of General Butler. About the 20 of July six of the companies of the regiment, in command of Colonel Clark, made a raid in the direction of Camp Moore, 60 miles east- ward of Baton Rouge, for the purpose of capturing Charles M. Conrad, who had been Secretary of War under President Fillmore, and then a prominent rebel, and a Mr. Benton. At Benton's Ferry, about 40 miles out, they encoun- tered a rebel force and had a running fight with them for about two miles, tak- ing some prisoners including Benton, and a large number of horses, mule teams, and a supply of camp stores, destroying their camp at White Church. Among the stores taken were barrels of mess pork marked U. S. A. This accom- plished, the command returned to Baton Rouge. On August 5th, while that place was being heavily attacked by the rebel forces under Breckenridge, the regiment then in command of Captain Charles E. Clark, the ranking officers being in arrest, received and repulsed with spirit the principal attack by the rebel troops in command of General Clark, of Mississippi, against the right wing of the Union forces, which, if it had succeeded would have given the enemy a commanding position and most likely would have led to the loss of a large portion of the artillery. General Thomas Williams, U. S. Army, a native of Detroit, commanded the Union troops. They consisted of Kmis's 2d Massachusetts Battery, Man- ning's 4th Maf^sachusetts Battery, and a section of a battery taken by the 21st Indiana and attached to that regiment under command of Lieutenant Brown, and the following infantry regiments: Sixth Michigan, 30th Massachusetts, 262 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 7th Vermont, 14th Maine, 21st Indiana, 4th Wisconsin, and 9th Connecticut,, the whole Union force not numbering over two thousand. The attacking force numbered six thousand or over, and consisted of the 4th, 9th, and 30th Louisiana, the 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Kentucky, two Tennessee, and two Missis- sippi regiments, one Alabama regiment, and a large guerrilla force, together with thirteen or more pieces of artillery. The 6th Michigan was divided into detachments, commanded respectively by Captains Corden, Spitzer, and Soule, the loss of the regiment being 20 killed, 43 wounded, and 6 missing. General Williams was killed in the engagement while mounted, and while saying to the 21st Indiana, "Boys, your field officers are all gone; I will lead you." In General Butler's order we found the following paragraphs: " The commanding general has carefully revised the oflScial reports of the action of August 5th, at Baton Kouge, to collect the evidence of the gallant deeds and meritorious services of those engaged in that brilhant victory. "The name of tlie lamented and gallant General Williams has already passed into history. "The 6th Michigan fought rather by detachments than as a regiment, but deserves the fullest commendation for the gallant behavior of its officers and men. Companies A, B, and F, under command of Captain Cordon, receive special mention for the coolness and courage with which they supported and retook Brown's battery, routing the 4th Louisiana and capturing their colors, which the regiment has leave to send to its native State. "Captain Charles E. Clark, acting lieutenant colonel 6th Michigan, prevented the enemy from flanking our right, bringing his command at the critical moment to the support of Nims's battery. Lieutenant Howell, Company F, 6th Michigan, and Lieutenant A. J. Ealph, acting adjutant, for intrepidity; Captain Spitzer, 6th Michigan, in command of the company of pickets, who handsomely held in check the enemy's advance; the fearless conduct of Lieutenant Howell, Company F, and Sergeant Thayer, Company A, 6th Michigan, after they were wounded, in supporting Lieutenant Brown's battery. "Captain Soule and Lieutenant Fassett, Company I, 6th Michigan, as skirmishers, were wounded, and deserve special notice for the steadiness of their command, wliich lost heavily in killed and wounded. " Lieutenant G. Weitzel (afterwards major general), then Chief Engineer Department of the Gulf, and present with the troops in the engagement, says ill his (itiicial report: "Three companies of the 6th Michigan covered themselves with gloiy in recovering from a large force two guns, posted on the right of the Magnolia Cemetery, which tem- porarily were left by our forces. These same companies captured the colors of the 4th Louisiana, but only they had shot down tour successive color-bearers." It appears from Captain Cordon's letter that the colors captured by Com- pany F, of his command, referred to in General Butler's order as belonging to the 4th Louisiana, were the colors of the 9th Louisiana Infantry : Jackson, Mich., November 14th, 2S64. 8iK,— I have the honor to place in your hands this trophy, to be placed with the archives of the State. It is the " battle flag" of the 9th Louisiana battalion (not the 4th Louisiana), captured by Company F, 6th Micliigan Infantry, at the battle of Baton Kouge, August 5th, 1862. I am, sir, very respcctfuily, your obedient servant, JOHN COEDEN, niB Excellency, Austin Blair, Captain Company F, 6th Michigan. Governor of Michigan. Extract from the report of Colonel N. A. M. Dudley, commanding the right wing: MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 263 "The 6th Michigan, under Captain Clark, acting lieutenant colonel, moved up to the support of Niras's battery in elegant order. Its assistance caiiio most fortunately, for it was clear the enemy intended to outflank us at this point. Nobly did Colonel Clark and his command discharge their duty here, as their list of killed and wounded show. This regiment did good service on more than one occasion this day. " The same officer, in making special mention of officers wlio served on hie stuff during tlie day, says : "Lieutenant Clark, 6th Michigan, also acquitted himself hand&omely." Lieiitenaut Colonel Clark, in a report, says of his regiment in the engage- ment : " At Baton Eouge, August 5th, 1862, the regiment received and repulsed an attack of a superior rebel force led by Genei-al Clark of Mississippi, which was made against the right wing of our line, and which would, if it had been successful, have lost us a lartre part of our artillery, and given the enemy the superior advantage of having a complete flanking position. The importance of the repulse thus given to the principal attack of the rebels on that day by the 6th Michigan was fully acknowledged by General Butler in his con- gratulatory order issued soon after." Mr. Greeley mentions the affair as follows: " The battle raged furiously for two hours, during which the rebel right was advanced, driving back the 1-lth Maine, pillaging and burning its camp; and while four successive assaults were unsuccessfully made on our front. General Clark made a resolute effort to flank and estabhsh himself in rear. General Wflliams, anticipating this movement, had placed a battery, supported by two regiments, to resist it; and the rebels were repulsed with considerable loss." The engagement as noticed in the American Encyclopedia: " On the 5th of August an attack was made on Baton Rouge, La., in the Department of the Gulf, which was under the command of General Butler. The Federal force was under command of Brigadier General "Williams. The Confederate force making the attack was under the command of General John C. Breckenridge. The contest was sharp and bloody, and the attack was successfully repulsed. The Federal loss was 90 killed and 250 wounded. Among the killed was General Williams. Three hundred of the Con- federates were reported to have been killed and buried by the force of General WilUams. " After the evacuation of Baton Eouge by the Union forces, on the 20th of August, 1862, the Gth Infantry, then in command of Colonel T. S. Clark, was stationed at Mettarie Ridge, guarding one of the approaches to New Orleans. Owing to the unhealthy locality in which the regiment was stationed, the number fit for duty when it moved to New Orleans, December Gth, was only 191 out of an aggregate of 755. The men soon recovered after their arrival at the latter place. On the 14th of January, 18G3, the regiment participated in the expedition under General Weitzel to Bayou Tesche, which destroyed the rebel gunboat Cotton. Returning to New Orleans, the regiment, being in the 1st brigade, 2d division, 19th corps, was stationed on the Gth of February at Camp Parapet, and at Kenner, 18 miles from New Orleans. Engaging in the expedition to Ponchatoula, again under the direction of Geweral Weitzel, on the 23d of March, in command of Colonel T. S. Clark, it attacked the rebels at that place, and was engaged on the 23d, 2-ith, and 25th, driving them out and cajituring a number of prisoners, the loss of the regi- ment being nine wounded. Following is the report of Colonel Clark : "In compliance with orders of date March 20th, 1863, I proceeded with my command to Frenier Station, on the morning of tlie 21st, and there bivouacked for the night, assuming command at that post. I found four companies, General Nickerson's brigade. 264 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. at Frenier and De Sair Stations. On Sunday, the 22d, at 7 A. M., I proceeded with the command to ilauchac Pass, leaving about one hundi-ed men to guard this bayou and road in my rear. "Arrived at South Manchac Pass at 1 P. M. the same day; at 6 P. M. four schooners and one small steamer, containing five companies of Colonel Smith's regiment, l(i.5th New York Volunteers, one company of my own regiment, two rifled field pieces in charge of a detachment of the 9th Connecticut Volunteers, and a launch mounting one rifle, manned by a detachment of 9th Connecticut Volunteers, arrived. On the morning of the 23d I debarked the 165th New York, placed one field piece on the north side of the island, where the railroad bridge crosses the North Pass, and embarked the troops brought by me from Frenier, consisting of the 6th ISlichigan Infantry, two small companies of 127th New York, one company 14th Maine, and one company 24th Maine. " The embarkation was made in the midst of a terrible storm of wind and rain, which delayed us very much. I now directed Colonel Smith to proceed up the railroad to within three miles of Ponehatoula, take position, and hold the pass until he heard the signal of attack from me at Wadesboro Landing, wlien he was to advance and form a junction with me at Ponehatoula. 1 then proceeded with the main body of the troops up the Tickt'aw river and Ponehatoula creek, to "Wadesboro Landing, three miles from Ponehatoula. Owing to the great difficulty of navigation in the creek, from its extremely tortuous course, we did not arrive at Wadesboro until about noon of the 24th. I immediately de- barked the troops, threw out skii-mishers, and advanced toward Ponehatoula. About a half mile from the landing we found the enemy's skirmishers in strong force; and believing from the number of skirmishers that the enemy were in stronger force than we had sup- posed, immediately formed in line of battle and advanced, three companies ahead skir- mishing. We drove them steadily before us, the main body never coming within range of their fire, into and through Ponehatoula. " I immediately sent four companies, under command of Captain Trask, 14th Maine, to the bridge across Ponehatoula creek, two miles above Ponehatoula, and dispatched a messenger to Colonel Smith to inform him that we occupied the town. Colonel Smith's regiment arrived about 3 P. M. He had a sharp skii-mish, losing three men wounded, but drove the enemy before him. "The enemy made a slight stand at the bridge, and I sent up four companies, under Colonel Bacon, to make the work sure. They destroyed that bridge and also a smaller one a mile this side. Having accomplished the object of the expedition thus far, and believing that the village of Ponehatoula could not be held against forces greater than my own, I ordered the schooners and gunboat in Ponehatoula creek to the North Pass, and fell back, on the afternoon of the 2oth, to a point three mUes south of Ponehatoula, on the railroa.d, with the main body of my command, leaving six companies at Ponehatoula, under Major Clark, 6th Michigan, as picket and provost guard, with orders to fall back on the main body in case of attack. I here erected a small battery of railroad iron and mounted one of the field pieces in charge of the detachment of the 9th Connecticut. On the even- ing of the 26th the enemy appeared in strong force and attacked our pickets at Poneha- toula, the pickets immediately retiring to the main body at the point spoken of. No filing took place after the skirmishers retreated. As far as we can learn they have a force consisting of two thousand infantry, three hundred cavalry, and two twelve-pounder field pieces. "The points occupied by us could have been easily held against this force, but owing to the difficulty of getting rations for the troops up from the pass, I determined to fall back to the bend in the railroad, about eight miles this side of Ponehatoula, and did so last night, where I now am. I am erectmg a small battery at this point. I forgot to mention that on our arrival at Wadesboro Landing we found the schooner 'L. H. Davis' in flames. Wo also found two sciiooners loaded with cotton. "Wo iiave captured some twelve prisoners, which have been sent to New Orleans. Owing to tlie very bad weather, the march over the trestlework from Kenner was not only •difllcult but dangerous, and many of our men were compelled to fall out, by means of -of hurts received by falling tlirough the trestlework. The skirmish on the 24th was con- ducted by Captains Grillin, Conii)any A, Montgomery, Company H, and Lieutenant Dickey, Company E, 6th Michigan, who bore themselves admirably; and on the afternoon of the 26th by Company D, 6th Michigan, under Lieutenant Mcllvane, and Company K, under Cai)tain Chapman, and Company F, 165th New York, Captain Thorp; the whole under comuuind of Major Clarke, 6tli Michigan, and tlio pickets were brought in in good shui)e. "Ifcol very much obliged to Lieutenant Colonel Smith for his hearty and effective cooperation throughout the entire expedition. Lieutenant C. W. Stone, Quartermaster of the o.xpediLlon, lui.s labored earnestly and efficiently, and accomphshed a great deal with very few facilities. 1 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 265 "I cannot close this report without returning my thanks for the assistance rendered me by Captain Perce of your staff, during his stay with me. He was continually by niy side, ready to assist me in every possible way. Captain Bailey also rendered me valuable ser- vice in the erection of breastworks. " My total loss is nine wounded, while the enemy's is reported at three killed and eleven wounded. " The regimeut was also engaged with the enemy at Amite river, April 7th, 1863, at Tickfaw river on the 12th, and agaiu at Amite river ou the 12th of May. On the 12th the 6th made a raid up the Jaclcson railroad, destroying tlie enemy's camp at Puugipalio, capturing CO prisoners, burning two bridges, a large gun-carriage factory, a shoe factory, and a tannery used by the rebel authorities, the value of this property being estimated at upwards of $400,000. The loss of the regiment in this affair was only one wounded. The 6th returned to New Orleans, and on the 21st of May took steamers as a part of the forces of General Banks, intended to operate against Port Hud- sou, arriving on the 23d in front of that place. Colonel Clark in a report thus mentions a part of the services of his regi- ment: " On the 23d of May, 1863, arriving before that stronghold the regiment was placed in the most advanced position, and maintained it until the surrender, on the 9th of July. During the seige of this formidable place, it participated in three desperate assaults upon its works. In the assault of the 27th of May, the regiment, under my command, led the division of General T. W. Sherman, and lost more than one-third of the men it had engaged, including Lieutenant Fred. T. Clark, who fell while gallantly leading company D to the charge. In this affair Captain Montgomery led a forlorn hope of 200 volunteers belonging to the regiment. An assault was made on the 14th of June, when the 6th, then commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Bacon (I having command of the brigade), advanced by detachments. The leading detachment, commanded by Captain John Cor- don, one by Captain Stark following, with the balance of the regiment bringing up the rear. On the 2yth of June the regiment, then commanded by Captain Cordon, again advanced to the assault, when 35 of the regiment, composing a forlorn hope, assailed the enemy's works at the point known as the Citadel. The party succeeded in gaining the ditch, but were overpowered and driven back with a loss of eight killed and nine wounded. Among the killed was Sergeant Madison 0. "Walker, who led the detachment." Private Charles Dustin, of company F, from Dundee, Mich., having suc- ceeded by a desperate act of bravery in getting over the ditch and reaching inside the enemy's works, brought out at the point of the bayonet a rebel captain, turning him over to the commanding officer as a prisoner of war. Mr. Greeley, in his reliable " American Coullicc," says of the operations at Port Hudson, May 27, 1863 : " Never was fighting more heroic than that of our army assailing nearly equal numbers behuid strong defenses, approached only through almost impassable abatin, swept by rebel sheh and grape. If valor could have triumphed over such odds, they would have canned the works, but only abject cowardice or pitiable imbecUity could have lost such a position to so small an army; and the rebels also fought well." In the valuable work, the "American Encyclopedia," is found the following notice of the same affair: " At 2 o'clock A. M. (27th) an assault was commenced on the works on the center and left of the center by the divisions under General Augur and Brigadier General Sherman (T. W.). The enemy was driven into his worke and the Federal troops moved up to the fortifications, holding the opposite side of the parapet with the enemy." At the seige of Port Hudson the 6th was under the command of General T. W. Sherman, so prominently engaged on May 27th, and which consisted of the 6th Michigan, 2d (Duryeas) Zouaves, 128th and 147th regiments New 34 266 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. York Infantry, with the 26th Connecticut Infantry, and 21st Indiana and 2d Vermont Batteries. An officer serving at the time with the rebel army in Port Hudson, in his diary, says of that day's work: " About 9 o'clock in the morning the attack was made in the woods on Colonel Stead- man's (rebel) center, and upon the line of fortifications on General Beall's right. The latter attack, that of Sherman's brigade, was the most imposing in appearance. Emerg- ing from the woods at the distance of about four hundred yards from our breastworks, the Zouave regiment charged in line of battle across an open field. The gay colors of their uniforms contrasted brilliantly with the green and sombre shades of the trees and field, making a fine mark for our fire. As soon as they appeared in sight our artillery opened on them with sperical case, many of them bursting right in their ranks, but the gaps were quickly closed up, and they came on in splendid style. As they lessened the distance, our gunners substituted grape for shrapnell, and when they finally came within one hundred and fifty yards our guns were double charged with canister, and, the infantry receiving the order at the same time to fire, the field was swept with a storm of musket balls and grape shot. "The advancing line of Zouaves wavered and then halted, while they were dropping from the ranks, mown doAvn by our deadly fire, which now became an incessant rattle of musketry, intermingled with rapid discharges of canister from the guns. "The Zouaves, alter wavering for a while in indecision, finally broke and scattered, most of the men throwing themselves flat on the ground behind stumps, logs, and inequalities of the ground, where they now commenced sharpshooting. * * * "As soon as the Zouaves broke, Sherman's brigade came out of the woods in column, and deployed to the right and left in hne of battle, as prettily as if they were on drill. Our artillerists again had recourse to shell and shrapnell, and the infantry opened on this advance sooner than before. Their charge was a good one, and had the advantage of the Zouave line of sharpshooters, some of whom were within a hundred yards of our works, and whose minie balls were whistling over our parapet. "But our men, though opposed by an enemy ten times their number, kept up a wither- ing fire, and after the brigade had approached a little nearer than the Zouaves had done, it finally hesitated and wavered. At this sure precursor to a repulse our boys sent up a shout of triumph for the victory they now saw certain. The enemy's officers and many of the men ran ahead of the hne and urged the others on, but in vain; their confidence in tlienisclves was gone. Some of them, in the hopes of inspiring others, started a cheer, but it died away in a weakly strain, and the rear rank giving way, the front rank turned also, and the wliole force made for the woods to the sound of our ringing cheers. At the woods they rallied, and re-forming their line under our artillery fire they again charged. It was useless; we knew that troops we had once driven back so far would not succeed on a second trial under similar circumstances. After coming within fifty or sixty yards of where they first broke, they wavered again and speedily broke and ran, thoroughly defeated." Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Clarke, in a report made since the war, says of his regiment on the 27th of May : " * ■* * That part of the line in which the 6th was posted advanced to the attack over a plain some half mile in width, which afforded no shelter from the murderous fire of the artillery and musketry poured into our ranks from behind the impregnable earth- works. The attack, of course, was unsuccessful, but the gallantry with which our men marched against tlie furious storm of shot, and the number of those left dead on that fatal field proves of what stuff they were made, and that they did all that men could do. " •♦*»••••• From a correspondent: ^ "No more desperate fighting has ever taken place than that of the division of General Sherman yestenlay in the attack upon the right of the enemy's position. Our men faced a Btorni of iron and leatl that was hurled against them as if it had always been their busi- nosB to do so. They moved steadily forwaid under the most murderous fire of shot, shell, grape, canister, and musketry, with a steadiness that was surprising. The 6th Michigan Infantry and the r.2Htli New York carried the enemy's works at the point of the bayonet, but they were compelled to give way, for the enemy had massed his troops here, and It became necchbury for our glorious fellows to fall back before overwhelming num- boru. Not much ground was lost, however; we only failed to maintain our position within MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 2G7 the main works. The 2d Eegiment Louisiana Native Guard, Colonel Neilson, were in this charge; they went on in the advance, and when they came out six out of nine hun- dred men could not be accounted for. It is said on every side that they fought with the desperation of tigers. One negro was observed with a rebel soldier in his giasp, tearing the flesh from his face with his teeth, other weapons having failed him. After firing one volley they did not deign to load again, but went in with bayonets, and wherever they had a chance it was all up with the rebels. Although wo gained much ground and held it, still the principal object of this attack was not accomplished, namely, getting possession, of and holding the batteries on the enemy's right. The charge cost us heavUy in killed and wounded. General Sherman led the attack in person and fell severely wounded in the leg. General Neal Dow was also wounded. The 6th Michigan and 128th New York have each lost about half their effective men, and the other regiments have suffered severely. The regiment having received the thanks of General Banks for gallant and efficient service during the siege, was by his order, on July 10th, 18G3, converted into a regiment of heavy artillery, on account of faithful and valuable services, " to retain, until otherwise officially designated, its infantry number, and to have the organization, pay, clothing, and equipment prescribed by law and regulations for troops of the artillery arm;" and on the 30th of July this order was approved by the Secretary of War. After the siege of Port Hudson, and while the regiment was stationed there, it was rumored that \i was to be transferred to service in some of the armies serving farther north. Colonel Clark, who was then in the north, wrote to General Butler, requesting that if the regiment was to be transferred it might be assigned to his command, to which he received the following reply: Headqtjaeteks Depaktment of Viegikia akd Noeth Caeolina, } Fort Monroe, January 2S, 1864. J Colonel Thomas S. Clark, Commanding 6th Michigan Volunteers: Colonel, — In reply to your favor of the 24th inst., the commanding general directs me to inform you that he has forwarded it to the Secretary of War, with the following indorsement: " Respectfully forwarded to the Honorable Secretary of War with the i-cqucst that if the Gth Michigan volunteers is to be relieved it may be assigned to my command, as I have the highest respect for officers and men who have displayed distinguished gallantly and efficiency. B. F. BUTLER, "Major General Commanding." I have the honor to be. Colonel, your obedient servant, A. F. PUFFER, Captain and A. D. C. The regiment was stationed at Port Hudson, La., until the 11th of March, 1864, where 247 reenlisted, being a sufficient number of veterans to preserve the organization. It started for Michigan in command of Colonel Edward Bacon. The regiment arrived at Kalamazoo, where it was furloughed for thirty days. Having again assembled at Kalamazoo, it returned to Port Hudson, where it arrived on the 11th of May, with a very large number ot recruits enlisted while in Michigan. On the 6th of June the regiment was ordered to Morganzia to serve as infantry where it remained until the 24th of June. From Morganzia it proceeded to Vicksburg, Miss., where it served with the engineer brigade. Leaving Vicksburg July 23 it moved to the moutli of the White river, and thence to St. Charles, Ark., where it was attached to a regiment of infantry. A detachment of the regiment, while on a transport en route from Vicksburg to White river, was attacked near Ashton, Ark., on the 24th by a rebel battery, losing two killed and a number wounded. Kemaiuing but a short time at St. Charles, the regiment again returned to 268 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. Morgan zia where for a time it was employed as engineers, but soon after its arrival it was ordered to report to the chief of artillery, and again returned to duty as heavy artillery. The regiment was present at the bombardment and surrender of Fort Morgan, Ala., but arrived too late to participate. -'On the 1st of October, 1864, portions of the regiment were stationed respectively at Forts Gaines and Morgan in Mobile Bay. Almost the entire service of this regiment, during the war, has been rendered in the extreme southern States, and on the 1st of November, 1864, it was sta- tioned in Alabama, commanded by Colonel Charles E. Clark, and garrisoned, with its headquarters and Companies A, B, D, G, and K, Fort Morgan, and Fort Gaines, Dauphine Island, Mobile bay, with Companies C, E, F, H, and I. Companies B, C, E, F, and H were detached on the 23d of December, and joined an expedition under Major General Gordon Granger to operate from Pensacola against Mobile, and were temporarily attached as infantry to the brigade of General Bertram, which led the advance, and so remained until the campaign was advanced from Mobile Point and Pensacola on the 37th of Janu- ary, 1865, when Bertram's command made a heavy demonstration on Mobile, the whole command being recalled at night and hurriedly transferred to the ad- vancing force from the east, the detached companies of this regiment being ordered to their former stations in Forts Morgan and Gaines. On the 31st of March Companies A and K were detached from the command at Fort Morgan and ordered to the front to report to General Granger, and were each equipped with a battery of ten-inch mortars, and on their arrival at the front were ordered into position under the guns of Spanish Fort; there they did very fine execution at a range of 1,400 yards. After the fort was taken, these com- panies were ordered to man and turn the heavy captured guns, consisting of 7-inch Brooks's rifled and 100 pound Parrotts, on the rebel Forts Huger and and Tracy, and with them performed good service until all the enemy's works wiihin range were reduced, and Mobile surrendered. On the 10th of April, Company B was ordered to the front at Navy Cove, for picket duty, and Com- pany E assigned to garrison Fort Powell, where they remained until the regi- ment was ordered to report to Major General Sheridan. Companies A and K, which had been for some time on duty at Spanish Fort, rejoined the garrison of Fort Morgan on the 20th, and the location of the regiment remained un- changed until July 9th, when it took steamers for New Orleans, with orders to rej)ort to Major General Sheridan, where it arrived on the 11th, and encamped at Greenville; four miles above the city. There it was furnished with new camp C'qui])age and wagon train, and put in condition for service in Texas, but on liio 5th ol August orders were received for its muster-out, which was accom- plished on the 2utii, and on the 23d the regiment, in command of Colonel Chas. E. Clark, started for Michigan, proceeding by steamer to Cairo, where it arrived on the 28ih, and thence by rail to Jackson, Michigan, arriving there on the 3Uth, and on the 5th of September it was paid off and discharged. The regiment during its term of service met the enemy at Sewell's Point, Vu., March 5, 1802; Fort Jackson, Jja., April 25, 1862; Vicksburg, Miss., May 20, 1862; Grand Gulf, Miss., May 27, 1862; Amite Kiver, Miss., June 20, 1862; J'.aton Kuugo, jjii., August 5 and 17, 1862; Bayou Teche, La., Jan- uary 14, 1863; I'onciiutoula, La., March 24,25, and 26, 1863; Barataria, La., Ai)ril 7, 1863; 'J'ickfaw Kiver, La., April 12, 1863; Amite Kiver, Miss., May 7, 1863; Poncliatoula, La., May 16, J863; Siege of Port Hudson, May 23 to July 8, 1863; Tunica Bayou, La., November 8, 1863; Ashton, Ark., July 24, MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 269 1864; Fort Morgan, Ala., August 23d, 1864; Spanish Fort, Ala., April, 1865; Fort Blakely, Ala., April, 1865; Fort Huger, Ala., April, 1865; Fort Tracey, Ala., April, 1865; siege of Mobile, Ala., from March 20 to April 12, 1865. The total enrollment of the 6th was 1,957 officers and men, its losses being 542, of which 2 officers and 43 men were killed in action; died of wounds, 21 men, and of disease 6 officers and 470 men, being 542 of a total. " By the flow of the inland river, Whence the fleets of iron have fled, Where the blades of grave grass quiver, Asleep are the ranks of the dead." Note. — From the Kebellion Kecord: "An officer with Banks's army relates, in a private letter, an incident which occurred during a temporary truce at Port Hudson, on the 27th of May. He availed himself of the opportunity thus afforded to ride up to the rebel works as close as he could, to get a good view of them, when he saw a regiment of the enemy throw down their arms, and heard them give three cheers and exclaim, ' We sur- render!' The rebel officers at once approached them, and, with drawn swords and pistols, overpowered and controlled them, and compelled them to take up their arms and resume theu- position." SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. •' strike till the last armed foe expires, Strilie for your altars and your fires, Strike for the green graves of your sires, God and your native land." The Seventh Regiment was composed of the companies named below. They were recruited in the neighborhoods indicated therein, and joined their regi- ment at Monroe. On the formation of the regiment they received the follow- ing alphabetical designation, and which they assumed in the regiment in place of their local names: A, Union Guard, Port Huron. B, Curtenius Guard, Mason. C, Jonesville Light Guard, Jonesville. D, Monroe Light Guard, Monroe. E, Tuscola Volunteers, Tuscola. F, Blair Guard, Farmington. G, Lapeer Guard, Lapeer. H, , Pontiac. I, Prairie - ville Kangers, Praiiieviile. K, Burr Oak Bangers, Burr Oak. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Ira R. Grosvenor, Monroe. Lieutenant Colonel, Frazey M. Winans, Monroe. Major, Katlianiel B. Eldridge, Lapeer. Surgeon, Bolivar Barnum, Schoolcraft. Assistant Surgeon, Cyrus Bacon, Detroit. Adjutant, Henry B. Landon, Monroe. Quartermaster, Charles M. Walker, Lapeer. Chaplain, , . A. Captain, Thomas H. Hunt, Port Huron. Frrst Lieutenant, Charles J. Hunt, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, James Gain, Port Huron. B. Captain, Phillip McKernan, Mason. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieu- tenant, John B. Howell, . C. Captain, Henry Baxter, Janesvihe. First Lieutenant, Sidney B. Vrooman, Jones- ville. Second Lieutenant, WiUiam W. Wade, Jonesville. D. Captain, James Darrah, Monroe. First Lieutenant, Sylvanus W. Curtis, Monroe. Second Lieutenant, Henry B. Landon, Monroe. E. Captain, John H. Kichardson, Tuscola. First Lieutenant, Samuel N. Smith, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, , . F. Captain, John D. Harty, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Henry W. Nail, Detroit. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Charles A. McKnight, Detroit. G. Captain, James H. Tunill, Lapeer. First Lieutenant, Jacob L. Green, Lapeer. Second Lieutenant, Charles M. Wulker, Lapeer. H. Captain, Josluia P. Sultoii, Flint. First Lieutenant, Almeron S. Mathews, Flint. Second Lieutenant, Cluirles W. Harris, Fluit. I. Cai)tain, Bezaicfl W. Lovell, Lapeer. First Lieutenant, Wilham R. Shafter, Gales- burg. Second Lieutenant, Elliiuian I'iietteplace, Tuscola. K. Captain, Jolui H. AVateiman, Burr Oak. Fust Lieutenant, Allen H. Zacharias, Monroe. Second Lieutenant, George H. Laird, Burr Oak. The 7th left Monroe for Virginia on ihe 5th of September, 18G1, in com- mand of Colonel Grosvenor, it.^^ muster rolls showing the names of 884 officers and enlisted men. The regnnent lay on the Uj)per Potomac during the winter, and was engaged in the disastrous action at Ball's Bluff, being in Lan- der's brigade of Stone's division. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 271 A few weeks after the 7th reached the front, and while it was stationed on the Upper Potomac, near Leesburg, a stand of silk regulation colors was pur- chased and given to it by Colonel Grosvenor, commanding. On one of the stripes was inscribed the motto, " Tuehor.''^ In July, 18(14, while in the field near Petersburg, Corporal Williams brought for the regiment a flag of heavy blue silk, trimmed with gold fringe, presented by the ladies of Monroe, on which were embroidered the battles of the regiment. It was of rare beauty, and on it were also embroidered the State arms, with the motto " luebor," surmounted by an eagle with a scroll, on which was inscribed, "Seventh Michigan Volunteers." Below the coat of aims was a double scroll, with the inscription, "Forlorn Hope of Fredericksburg, Dec. 11, 1802," and underneath, "From the ladies of Monroe." It followed McClellan to the Peninsula in the spring of 1802, was in the 3d brigade, 2d division, 2d corps, and sustained severe loss in the battles of thai campaign, being engaged at Yorktown, April 4 to May 5; West Point, Va., May 7; Fair Oaks, May 31 to June 1; Peach Orcliard and Savage Station, June 29; White Ouk Swamp and Glendale, June 30 ; Malvern Hill. July 1; Bull Pun 2d, August 30. At Fair Oaks the 7th was in Dana's brigade of Sumner's corps, and towards night of that fearful struggle the Confederates were pressing forward with great vigor, and the regimoit became heavily engaged in the charge referred to in the following notice. Lossing says : "For a moment the National line was bent and seemed ready to break, but the clear voice of Burns calling out 'Steady, men, steady!' gave them such inspiration that they broke into loud cheers and held the position firmly. In the face of their terrible volleys the Confederates pressed on and charged Brady's battery, whose murderous fire of can- ister, poured into their compact ranks, made fearful lanes and sent them back in con- fusion to the woods in their i-ear. Undismayed by their repulse and the loss of their chief (General Johnston), the Confederates again advanced, just as darkness came on, and endeavored to outflank Sumner's right, where General Dana had joined Gorman. After fighting heavily for some time Sumner ordered a bayonet charge by five of his regiments. This was bravely performed. The regiments leaped two fences between them and their foes, rushing upon the Confederate line and broke it into dire confusion." Following the battle of Bull Pun, the 7th entered upon the Maryland cam- paign, in command of Colonel Norman J. Hall, then a first lieutenant 5th U. S. Artillery, a graduate of the Military Academy from Michigan, who had been commissioned to the colonelcy of the regiment to rank from July 7th preceding, vice Grosvenor, resigned. At the battle of Antietam more than half its force engaged was disabled. Among the killed were Captain J. H. TurrilJ, Lieutenant J. P. Eberhard, and Lieutenant John A. Chirk, while Captain Allen H. Zacharias was mortally wounded. There was found in the pocket-book of Captain Zacharias a note, dated Fair Oaks, June 28th, 1802, and is as follows: " Allan Howard Zacharias was born May 15th, 1833, In Clear Spring, Washington county, Maryland, and removed with his father to Monroe county, Micliigan, in 1841. Graduated A. B. from the University of Michigan, June, 1860. Went to Mississippi In September, and became a professor, and in February, 1861, principal of the State Military Institute, at Brandon, in that State. Kesigned his position in May and returned to Michi- gan, wlien, from a solemn sense of duty, lie enlisted as a corporal, and was promoted first lieutenant June 25th, and to a captaincy March 10th, 1862, and was with the regiment at Yorktown, West Point, and Fair Oaks, Mav 31st and June 1st. " 272 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Upon the other side of the paper was found the following : Friend, If you find my body lifeless upon the field, bury it decently, mark its rest- ing place, and inform my friends in the regiment and my father. Do this and you shaJl be liberally rewarded and have the gratitude of my friends. A. H. ZACHARMS, Captain Company K, 7th Michigan. His lifeless body was not found on the battle-fields of the Peninsula. He passed through them all unhurt, but fell at Autietam, in Maryland, his native State, and near the spot on which he was born. When found on that bloody field he held in his hand an envelope, on which was written as follows : To Peter K. Zacharias, Monroe, Michigan: Deae Parent, Beothees and Sistees,— I am wounded mortally, I think. The fight rages around me. I have done my duty; this is my consolation. I hope to meet you all again. I left not the line until nearly all had fallen and colors gone. I am getting weak; my arms are free, but below my chest all is numb. The enemy trotting over me, the numbness up to my heart. Good-bye, all. Your son, ALLEN." •' And first came out the thick, thick blood And then came out the thin, And then came out the bonnie heart's blood — There was nae mair within." At the capture of Fredericksburg, December 13, while serving in Colonel Hall's brigade, it volunteered to dislodge the rebel sharpshooters who were impeding the construction of the bridges, crossed the Eappahannock for that purpose in small boats, was the first of the Union forces to land on the oppo- site bank, and with the aid of a Massachusetts regiment (19th) drove the enemy from their hiding places with much slaughter, capturing nearly as many prisoners as they numbered themselves. The regiment in this gallant affair was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Baxter, who was severely wounded on the occasion while crossing the river. Lieutenant Franklin Emery being among the killed. Two pontoon bridges had already been built on the extreme left, but it was decided that the crossing could not be undertaken until the upper bridges were completed, but with them little progress had been made. Half a dozen attempts to do so had been repulsed each time with severe loss. The rebel sharpshooters, posted in the cellars of houses on the front street, not fifty yards from the river, behind stone walls, and in rifle pits, were able to pick off with remarkable accuracy any party of engineers venturing on the half com- pleted bridges. The case was perfectly clear nothing could be done till they were dislodged from their lurking places, A corrcPiKjiident says: "At 10 o'clock General Burnside gives the order: 'Concentrate the fire of all your guns on the city and batter it down!' You may believe they were not loth to obey. In a few nioments thirty-five batteries, one hundred and seventy-nine guns, opened on the dootiH'd city. It lasted for upwards of an hour without intermission, fifty rounds being fired from each gun. "The congregated generals were transfixed. Mingled satisfaction and awe was upon evoi-y face. But what was tantalizing was, that though a great deal could be heard, notliirig could be seen, the city being still enveloped in fog and mist. Only a denser pil- lar of nmoko defining itself on the background of the fog, indicated where the town had been llred by our shells. Another and another column showed itself, and we presently saw that at least a dozen houses must be on fire. " Towards noon the curtain rolled up and we saw that it was indeed so. Fredericksburg' waa Ui connagration. Tremendous though this fire had been and terrific though its effect MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 273 obviously was on the town, it had not accomplished the object intended. It was found by our gunners almost impossible to obtain a sufficient depression of their pieces to shell the front part of the city, and the rebel sharpshooters were still comparatively safe behind the thick stone walls of the houses. "During the thick of the bombardment a fresh attempt had been made to complete the bridge. It failed, and evidently nothing could be done till a party could be thrown over to clean out rebels, and cover the bridge head. For this mission General Burnside called for volunteers, and Colonel Hall (7th Jlichigan), of Fort Sumter fame, immediately res- ponded that he had a brigade that would do the business. Accordingly the 7th Michigan and 19th Massachusetts, two small regiments, numbering in all about four hundred men, were selected for the purpose. ' ' The plan was, that they should take the pontoon boats of the first bridge, of which there were ten lying on the bank of the river, waiting to be added to the half finished bridge, cross over in them, and landing, drive out the rebels. "Nothing could be more admirable or more gallant than the execution of this daring feat. Rushing down the steep banks of the river, the party found temporary shelter be- hind the pontoon boats lying scattered on the bank, and behind the piles of planking des- tined for the covering of the bridge, behind rocks, etc. In this situation they acted some fifteen or twenty minutes as sharpshooters, they and the rebels obsen-ing each other. In the meantime new and vigorous artillery firing was commenced on our part, and just 33 soon as this was fairly developed, the 7th Michigan rose from their crouching places, rushed for the pontoon boats, and pushing them into the water, rapidly filled them with twenty-five or thii'ty each. "The first boat pushes off. Now, if ever, is the rebels' opportunity. Crack! crack! crack! from fifty lurking places go rebel rifles at the gallant fellows, who, stooping low in the boat, seek to avoid the fire. The murderous work was well done. Lustily, however, pull the oarsmen. Having passed the middle of the stream, the boat and its gallant freight come under cover of the opposite bluffs. "Another and another boat follows. Now is their opportunity. Nothing could be more amusing in its way than the result. Instantly they see a new turn of affairs. The rebels pop up by the hundred, like so many rats, from every cellar, rifle pit, and stone wall, and scamper off up the streets of the town. With aU their fleetness, however, many of them were much too slow. With incredible rapidity the Michigan and Massachusetts boys sweep up the hill, making a rush for the lurking places occupied by the rebels, and gaining them, each man capturing his two or three prisoners. The pontoon boats on their return tiip took over more than a hundred of these fellows. " You can imagine with what intense interest the crossing of the first boat load of our men was watched by the numerous spectators on the shore, and with what enthusiastic shouts their landing on the opposite was greeted. It was an authentic piece of human heroism, which moves men as nothing else can. The problem was solved. This flash of bravery had done what scores of batteries and tons of metal had failed to accomplish. The country will not forget that little band." The following is a report of Major Thos. H. Hunt, commanding regiment: " On the morning of the 11th we were in line at daybreak, and marched between three and four miles to the Lacey House, which stands on the bank of the Rappahannock, directly opposite Fredericksburg. On arriving there wa found that the Engineer Corps, which had been laying the pontoon bridge during the night, and had succeeded in getting it about two-thirds of the way across, had since that time been continually fired upon Sy the rebel sharpshooters, who were concealed in the houses and cellars along the opposite bank, and who kiUed and wounded so many of the workmen that they were forced to abandon the bridge. At this juncture we were ordered to deploy as skirmishers along the edge of the bank and below the bridge. This we did, and opened our fire at will against the enemy on the opposite side, but under the protection of brick houses, cellars, and rifle-pits he could laugh at us with impunity. One hunc'.red and forty pieces of artillery were then opened upon this part of the town, but could not dislodge them. The attempt was again made to put down the bridge but again failed. General Bumside then proposed that a party of volunteers be made up to cross in the boats and dis- lodge them. Our Colonel (Hall), now commanding brigade, told General Burnside that he had a regiment that would volunteer to cross, and made us the offer, which was promptly accepted. Arrangements were made that the men of the Engineer Corps should man the boats and row us over. We placed our men along the banks of the river at proper intervals, so that they could take the boats quickly when all was ready, and after waiting about half an hour Ave were told that the ollicers of the Engineer Corps could by no means induce their men to undertake the job. The proposition was then made that we 274 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. man the boats ourselves. This proposition we also accepted, and at a given si^al the men rushed to the boats, carried them to the water, jumped into them, and pushed gal- lantly out into the stream amidst a shower of bullets from the enemy which killed and wounded a great number of our men. Among the latter was Lieutenant Colonel Baxter, and here the command devolved upon me. The regiment charged gallantly up tHe ascent, taking possession of the rifle-pits and buildings, also capturing thirty-five prisoners. During this affair we lost five killed and sixteen wounded. It was said by the many thou- sands who witnessed this feat that it was the most gallant of the war, and I feel that our State should have the credit due her. I should not close without stating that the 19th and 20th Massachusetts came to our support as soon as they possibly could, and we held tlie ground until the pontoon bridge was finished and this wing of the army crossed, and did not ourselves recross again until the night of the 15th instant." " Home of my heart, I sing of thee, Michigan, my Michigan; Thy lake-bound shores I long to see, Michigan, my Michigan. From Saginaw's tall whispering pines To Lake Superior's farthest mines, Fair in the light of mem'ry shines Michigan, my Michigan. *• Dark rolled the Rappahannock's flood, Michigan, my Michigan; The tide was crimsoned with thy blood, Michigan, my Michigan. Although for us the day was lost, Yet it shall be our proudest boast, ^ . At Fredericksburg our Seventh crossed, Michigan, my Michigan. " With General Meade's victorious luune, ' Michigan, my Michigan, Tliy sons still onward march to fame, Michigan, my Michigan. And foremost in the fight you'll see, Where'er the bravest dare to be, The sabres of our cavalry, Michigan, my Michigan. " When weary watching traitor foes, Michigan, my Michigan. The welcome night brings sweet repose, Michigan, my Michigan, The soldier, weary from the fight, Sleeps sound, nor fears the rebels' might. For ' Michigan's on guakd to-night !' Michigan, my Michigan. ' *' And when the happy day shall come, Michigan, my Michigan, That brings tin- war-worn heroes home, Michigan, my Michigan, What welcome Irom thy own proud shore, What honors at their feot thou'lt pour, — What tears for those who come no more, Michigan, my Micliigan." From a report of General Thos. F. Meagher: • «*i» * m m t * " A few nioraonts after 4 o'cloclc P. M. word was conveyed to me that a gallant body of voluiitoors liatl crossed the livor in boats and taken possession of Fredericlcsburg. The Stut(3 of Michigan fairly reserves to herself the largest measure of pride justified by this achiovoment." MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 275 After the first battle of Fredericksburg the 7th returned to its former quarters on the north bank of the Kappaliannock. On the 25th of January, 1863, it was ordered into Falmouth, wliere it did duty as provost guard until May 3d, when, in command of Lieutenant Colonel A. E. Steele, it again crossed over to Fredericksburg. It was not actively engaged in the second battle of Fredericksburg, which occurred at this date, though being for some time under the fire of the enemy's artillery, it sustained a loss of ten ia wounded, and was also engaged at Chancellorsville and LLaymarket. Engaging with the Army of the Potomac in the Pennsylvania campaign the 7th underwent the laborious and forced marches by which it was marked, ren- dered more arduous by the intense heat of the weather. "On the 27th of June the regiment was detailed as wagon guard at 7f A. M., marched by a circuitous route to near Urbana, Md., where it halted at 3 A. M. on the 2btli, a distance said by citizens to have been 37 miles; on the 28th it marched six miles to Monocaoy; on the 29th it marched at 9 A. M., and reached Union- town at 9 P. M., 32 miles in 12 hours;" thus, in three days marciiing 75 miles. The regiment arj'ived on the field at Gettysburg on the 2d of July and was immediately sent to the front on Cemetery Hill, having 14 officers and 151 men. It occupied the same position until the close of the battle on the 3d. The loss of the regiment at Gettysburg was 21 killed (among whom was its commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Amos E. Steele), and 44 wounded, including among the killed Lieutenant Alljert Shifter. The 4th of July was occupied in burying the dead, caring for the wounded, and in issuing rations to the men who had been without rations for two days. The 7th having been heavily engaged at Gettysburg, the following report of Major Curtis, who succeeded to the command after the death of Colonel Steele, is inserted to show in detail the part taken by the regiment in that important battle : " On the evening of the first day of July this regiment, under the command of Lieu- tenant Colonel Steele, reached a point some four miles south of Gettysburg, Pa., and formed in Hne a short distance to the left of the road, and extending into the woods on the southern slope of a high and conical hill. Immediately alter arrixiiig in position pickets were thrown out on the left flank, and a breastwork made of some rails lying near our line. The men then prepared and ate their suppers and lay on their arms. At 6 A. M. on the next day it marched on the Gettysburg road to a point on Cemetery Hill, near the center of our line of battle. Here this regiment, with the 5'Jth New York, was ordered forward to the front to support a battery. We were posted about 150 yards to the left of the summit of the hill, about two acres of which was covered with a dense gi'owth of small oaks; our left rested on the battery, our right was partially concealed by a cluster of small trees and shrubs. We had then present fourteen officers and one hundred and lifty-one muskets. Immediately on getting into position barricades were made of rails, and partially screened from observation by bushes. Skirmishuig com- menced in front of us immediately after getting into position, and continued until 4.15 P. M., wlien the enemy's artillery opened upon us, and a general artillery duel soon com- menced, and continued without intermission until 5 P. M., wiien the fire slackened, and their infantry columns were seen advancing on our line. They succeeded in passing through between the guns of the battery on our left, driving the gunners from their posts. The line on our left gave way, and our fiank was almost turned, but the enemy's line was fast melting away under the scathing lire of our men, who remained unflinch- ingly at their posts, and they soon retired in utter confusion, leaving a large number of dead and wounded. " They also left in front of us three stands of colors, which wore picked up by other regiments who followed them up. A large number of prisoners fell into our hands, aod were immediately sent to the rear, among them one colonel sliglitly wounded in one of his fingers, and several minor officers. This ended the fight for tiie clay, and liie men lay down supperless about 10 o'clock to obtain what rest they could. Our loss was nine killed and ten wounded. At daylight on the 3d the enemy again opened a furious cannon- ade, but did us no harm, their lire being principally directed to the aitillery on either side 276 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. of us. This continued until about nine o'cloclf , when all became quiet, except a desultory fire from pickets and sharpshooters on both sides. About half past 10 all firing ceased until 1 P. M., when the enemy fired a signal gun from the right of their line, which was instantly followed by the roar of all their artillery, which had been massed in the edge of the woods opposite us in such a manner as to bring this regiment nearly in the^center of their fire. Owing to our pecuUar situation in regard to their fire, not as much damage was done as would naturally be expected from such a storm of missiles. Nearly all the shot and shell struck in front and ricochetted over us or passed over us and burst in our rear. This continued until i P. M., when their infantry columns were seen advancing. Orders were given the men to reserve their fire until the enemy was within short range. They soon came within a very short distance and our fire was opened on them with terrible effect, mowing them down by scores; still they came on till within a few yards of us, when the order was given to fix bayonets. The men expressed a determination to hold their works at all hazards. Many of the enemy at this time crawled on their hands and feet under the sheet of fire, and coming up to our lines, surrendered themselves prisoners. The enemy soon finding our fire too hot for them moved by the left flank and joined in the assault upon the crest of the hill, driving our line from their position. At this time Colonel Steele received an order to form the regiment nearly at right angles to its then position, with the intention of attacking the enemy's right flank, which had become exposed. Owing to the great noise the order was not understood by any except those nearest Colonel Steele. The rest of the officers, seeing the men, as they supposed, retreatmg, made all efforts to rally them. A part of them came back, the remainder kept on with Colonel Steele, who advanced with them to the crest of the hill, when he fell, instantly killed with a bullet through his brain. The greater part of the regiment remamed in their works, and did great execution by a well directed fire upon the flanks of the enemy. The field was soon won, the enemy flying in great disorder. A great number of prisoners were taken and a large amount of small arms, ammunition, etc., were left upon the field. The men by this time had become very much exhausted from previous long marches, constant watchfulness, and having been destitute of food nearly two days, yet all were cheerful and worked during the night to improve their breast- works in anticipation of an attack next morning. Though but one spade could be obtained the rails were nearly covei-ed with earth by daylight. Most of the men worked till late in the night in bringing in and caring for the wounded. Our loss was 12 killed and 31 wounded, making the loss in both actions 21 killed and 44 wounded. The disproportionate number of killed arose from the fact that the men were partially pro- tected by the breastworks of rails, and the greater part of those hit by the missiles of the enemy were hit in the head and upper part of the body. The 4th was spent in burying tiie dead, gathering up tlie arms left on the field, and taking care of the wounded. Too much cannot be said in praise of the conduct of both officers and men. Where all did their duty to the fullest extent, it would seem invidious to particularize. One instance deserves mention, not only for the bravery of the soldier, but for the das- tardly conduct of the officer concerned. Private William Demming, of Company I, had shot a n^bel color-bearer during the assault on the crest of the hill and taken the color froKi liiiii. While loading his piece with the flag by his side, a colonel rode up to him, and menacing him with his sabre forced the color from him, even threatening to cut him down if he did not give it up. I regret to say that it was impossible to identify the officer alluded to. The act was witnessed by several who stood near." On the 5th of July the regiment joined in the pursuit of the rebels to Fall- ing Waters, thence to Harper's Perry, across the Potomac and Shenandoah, throii;;h the Loudon Valley to Manassas Gaj), and had been engaged at Falling Waters. On the 20tii of August it sailed from Alexandria for New York harbor. Kemaining in tlie vicinity of New York during the progress of the draft, on the 7Lh of September it rciimbarked for Alexandria, wiience it proceeded to rejoin the Army of the Potomac near Culpepper. September 17th it marched to Summerville Ford and engaged in the performance of picket duty until OctolKir Gth, the detail being one-lialf of the regiment each day. One ollieer and a sergeant were wounded wiiile on ))icket at this station. The 7tb partieipateil in tiie movements of the Army of the Potomac in October, constcpient upon the advance of the rebel army, and was in the action at Bnsto Station on tiie 14th, with the loss of one oUicer and eight men wounded. Major Curtis says in a, report of that affair: MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. '^77 " About 4 P. M. on the lith instant, while this regiment was marchinsr at the rear of the brigade and when within a siiort distance of Bristo Station on the Oranfre and Alexan- dria railroad, picket firmg was heard on our left flank. This regiment was ordered to be deployed as skirmishers to cover our left flank and rear. Soon after deploying, a force of infantry was discovered marching in the same direction some fifty rods on our left. The enemy soon opened fire on us, and we fell back to the railroad. At this time a brigade of the 3d division came up and occupied the same ground which we then held. The enemy were advancing with an evident determination to obtain possession of the line of railroad, and soon exposed their right flank. At this time we opened upon them with a right oblique fire, and were soon ordered to charge upon them, by General Hays, commanding the 3d division, and they soon fell back in disorder. We then advanced toward the left of tlie hill upon which their batteries were posted until we arrived at a ravine lying across our course and upon the opposite side of which we found the enemy drawn up in line of battle. We opened fire upon them and soon drove them from their position, which we held until ordered to fall back to the railroad, where I rallied the regiment and took a position in line with a portion of the 3d division, by order of General Hays, which position we held until about 8 P. M., when I was ordered to join the brigade and soon after marched with it in the direction of Centreville." The 1st of November, 1863, found this regiment, in command of Major Curtis, encamped near Warrenton, Vii'giuia. On the 7th it broke camp and participated in the advance of the army. On the 8th it crossed the Rappahan- nock river, and on the 9th reached Mountain run, where it encamped. Taking part, with its corps, in the movement on the enemy's works at Mine Run on the 2Gth, the regiment crossed theRapidan atGermania Ford, and on the 27th marched to Robertson's tavern, skirmishing as it advanced and losing two in wounded. On the 28th it was engaged in skirmishing with the enemy during the march to Mine Run, losing three men wounded. On the ^Oth, while ad- vancing toward tlie enemy's works on " Plank Road," it lost two men wounded. During tlie night of the 1st of December and the following day, the regiment fell back with the army, arriving at Mountain Run on the evening of the 2d, having marched a distance of thirty-eight miles in twenty-three hours, with a rest of only an hour. On the 7th the regiment went into winter quarters at Barry's Hill. Here 1G2, a sufficient number, reenlisted for a new term of ser- vice, and on the 28th the regiment started for Monroe, Michigan, where, on the 2d of January, 18G4, it was furloughcd for thirty days. Going again into rendezvous at the same place, the regiment moved toward the front on the 10th of February, arriving at Barry's Hill on the 10th, where it remained until the 3d of May. Breaking camp on the latter day, in command of Major Curtis, it entered with the army of the Potomac upon the campaign of 18G4, then in the 1st brigade, 2d division, 2d corps. Crossing the Rapidau at Ely's Ford, on the 4th, the regiment marched to Chancellorsville, and on the 5th to the battlefield of the Wilderness, where it became engaged with the enemy, losing two wounded. On the Otli it lost eight killed, thirty-eight wounded, and eight missing. On the 8th it moved to the left, near the Po river, and on the ilth crossed the Po. On the 10th it was exposed to a severe fire from shari)sliooters, losing four wounded, and on the same day in an assault on the enemy's works on the right, at Spottsylvania Court House, it lost five killed and eight wounded. On the ILth it lost three wounded. On the 12th the 7th took part in Hancock's charge on the left of the enemy's line, in which its casualties were eleven wounded. On the 13th it lost three killed and ten wounded. Withdrawing with the army Irom in front of the enemy's works at Spottsylvania Court Hous-e, the regiment arrived at the North Anna river on the 23d, and was en- gaged as skirmisliers on the 24tii at Chesterfield Ford, on the Ny river, where it lost one kdled and three wounded. On the 2Gth it was employed in the rear 27S MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. guard of the army, in the flank movement of the latter across the Pamunkj river, arriving at the Tolopotomy creek on the 28th. On the 30th and 31st of May, and Ist of June, it was engaged at Tolopotomy as skirmitihers, with a loss of six killed and nine wounded. On the 1st the regiment again sea'ved a» rear guard for the army in the movement to Cold Harbor, and on the 3d, in a charge on the enemy's works, lost two killed and fourteen wounded. From the 3d to the 10th its casualties were one killed and twelve wounded. It crossed the James river with tlie army, and arrived in front of Petersburg on the even- ing of the 15th. From this date to the 25th of July it was engaged in labor on the fortifications, and on picket, losing three killed and twenty wounded. The regiment, like the other Michigan regiments in the Army of the Poto- mac, had gone gallantly through the forced marches and hardships of the campaign, and now, with equal fortitude, it endured with them the labors in the trenches before Petersburg, On the 27th the 7th, with its corps, crossed the James river at Deep Bottom, but on the 29th returned to its former posi- tion before Petersburg, having lost during the movement two men wounded. It remained here employed on fatigue and picket duty until August 12th, when it again moved to Deep Bottom, and on the 14th and 17th was engaged in the battles of Strawberry Plains and Flussier's Mill, losing three killed and eleven wounded. On the 20th the regiment returned to near Petersburg. On the 25th it was engaged in the battle of Keam's Station, on the Weldon rail- road, its casualties in this action being one killed, four wounded, and eight missing. On the 26th of October it participated in the advance on the enemy's right, and on the 27th was engaged in the battles of Hatcher's Kun, Burgess Tavern, and Boyd ton Plank Koad. During this movement it captured -480 men, 20 officers, and a stand of colors from the 26th North Carolina rebel infantry. Tlie army having withdrawn, and leaving the regiment unsupported, through a misunderstanding, on the field, it was, on the 28th, obliged to fight its way back to the army, iu which it succeeded, though greatly harrassed by the enemy's cavalry. A special correspondent Detroit Free Press wrote: " One more battle to chronicle for the old 7th. Leaving its position on the extreme right at Deep Bottom, on the evening of the 20th, it marched with the corps to the left of the iirniy, near the Weldon railroad, arriving at a point known as the Yellow House at 4 P. iM. of tlio •21st. On tlie evening of the 23d took up line of march in the direction of Ream's Station, on the Weldon railroad, a distance of ten miles from Petersburg, arriving at dayligiit of the 24.th. Found the 1st division of this corps in possession of tlie station and destroying the track. Iu this we assisted during the day, our flanks being protected by Gregg's division of cavalry. We encamped near the station for the night. On the morning of the 25tli, at 11 o'clock, the enemy made a demonstration on our left, and the regiment was sent forward as skirmishers to develop the strength of their advance. Charging across the open field they drove the enemy's skirmishers from behind a fence, wiicre tliey were posted. This position they held during the afternoon until 5 o'clock, •wiien tlio enemy succeeded in breaking our iuie near the center of the 1st division. By tlii» accident this regiment was cut off from their support, and was nearly surrounded, when Lieulcnant Colonel Smitii, commandhig, gave tlio order to move by the left flank ut double quick. A portion succeed in getting through the gap before the rebels closed, the only place by which they could escape. Colonel Smith remaining to see that all his men understutjd the order, and the position they were in, was captured and robbed of his watch and pocket-book. After remaining a prisoner for two hours he, with some of his men, Buccceth-d m making their escape, under a severe artillery lire from our batteries, his guard preferring to save his own life by getting to the rear with the colonel; but the cok)nel could not see it, and made a break lor our lino, and although under a murderous lire, from our own men and the rebels, escaped without a scratch. Not so with all the men, thirteen not having been so fortunate." Ou I^lovember Ist, lSG-1, it was doing garrison duty in Fort Steadman and MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 279 Battery 10, being only 235 yards from the main works of the enemy ; conse- quently it was much exposed to the fiie of the rebel batteries, although its losses were slight. On the 27th, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Geo. W. La Pointe, it moved to the left, near Fort Siebcrt, and built quarters, and on December 2d, with its division, moved to the left of the line and relieved the 1st division, oth corps, and then moved again to the left to Fort Emery, near Fort Siebert, on the 6th, where it was engaged on picket and fatigue duty until February 5th, 18G5, wlien it moved, with its brigade, to Hatcher's Itun, and was then placed in the skirmish line, when it assisted in driving the enemy's skirmisiiers, taking two prisoners. On the evening of the 7th the regiment fell back to its old line, and on the 10th commenced building quarters, and finished them on the 22d, remaining at that point until March 29th, when it received orders to report to General Smyth for duty as skir- mishers for the 3d brigade, and after reporting marched about three miles to- the left of the line, where one-half of tlie regiment was deployed as skirmishers and the balance held in reserve, and advancing toward the enemy he fell back within his main works, when the regiment was ordered forward under fire to ascertain his strength as to position. In accomplishing this. Lieutenant Stephen Patterson was shot dead by one of the enemy's sharpshooters. On the 30th the regimienc was supporting the 1st brigade, and on the 3 1st, with the 7ih Virginia Infantry, was ordered one mile to the left to drive the enemy's skirmishers and capture his works if possible. After driving in his ]iickets, and ascertaining that he was very strongly entrenched, the command fell back near General Smyth's headquarters and encamped for the night, and on April 1st rejoined the 2d brigade. On the 2d the regiment, together with details from the 1st Minnesota and 19th Massachusetts, charged the enemy's works at Cat Tail Creek, capturing two forts and three guns, then sweeping down the line captured five other forts, well defended by infantry, and during the day taking about five hundred prisoners and several horses. The 7th is reported to have been the first to break the rebel lines in front of the 2d corps. After marching with the division to the rear of Petersburg, the regiment was deployed as skirmishers up the South Side railroad, in advance of the division, taking many prisoners and contrabands, and capturing great numbers of horses and mules. On the 3d it marched ten miles, continuing the march on the 4:th and 5th; on the (3th it received orders to report to General Smyth, and was put in the advance of the skirmish line of tlie 3d brigade, taking a number of prisoners during the day, and at P. M. rejouied the division, having marched about thirty miles. On the morning of the 7th it marched with its brigade until near High Bridge, in the vicinity of Farmville, when, together with the o9th New York, it was deployed as *^kirmisheis to cover the front and flanks of the brigade, and moving on the enemy it participated in capturing many prisoners; advancing to within half a mile of Farmville, when the enemy, throwing a heavy column of infantry and cavalry on the riirht and rear of the skirmish line, its connection with the brigade was cutoff; but as soon as tlie advance on its rear was discovered, the skirmish line was faced to the rear and charged the advancing force; but the enemy being superior in numbers, the line was repulsed, the regiment losing three officers and thirtv- four men, })iisouers, including one officer severely wounded. In the afternoon it was relieved from the front and rejoined its brigade. On the 8lh the march was continued until 12 P. M., and on the Oth marched about five miles, wiien General Lee's army surrendered. From the 10 to the 14th the regiment, with 280 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. its brigade, was on the march to Burkeville, and reaching that point it remained until May 2d, when orders were received to proceed to Richmond, and, arriving there ou the 6th, moved to within four miles of Washington, D. C, and encamped, and on the 23d participated in the review of the Army of the Potomac. The regiment continued in camp near Washington until June 6th, when it was ordered to report to Major General Logan, commanding the Army of the Tennessee, at Louisville, Ky., and left Washington, by rail, on the 16th, ar- riving at Louisville on the 22d, when it crossed the river to Jeffersonvilie, Ind., and was assigned to provost guard duty, in that city, and continued on that duty until July 5th, when it was mustered out of service, and in command of Colonel La Pointe, reached Jackson, Mich., on the 7th, where it was paid off and disbanded. The 7th was engaged at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861 ; Yorktowu, Va., April 4th to May 4th, 1862; West Point, Va., May 7, 1862; Fair Oaks, Va., May 31 to June 1, 1862; Peach Orchard, June 29, 1862; Savage Station, June 29, 1862; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862; Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Bull Run, 2d, Va., August 30, 1862; South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862: Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 11, 12, and 13, 1862; Chancellors- ville, Va., May 3 and 4, 1863; Haymarket, Va., June — , 1863; Gettysburg, Peun., July 2 and 3, 1863; Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863; Bristo Sta- tion, Va., JSIovember 27, 1863 ; Robertson's Tavern, Va., November 29, 1863; Mine Run, Va., November 2t), 1863; Wilderness. Va., May 5 and 6, 1864; Po River, Va., May 10, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 23, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 24, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30 and 31 and June 1, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 18 and 22, 1864; Deep Dottom, Va., July 27 and 28, 1864; Strawberry Plains, Va., August 14 and 17, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; Boydton Road, Va., October 27, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., February 5, 1865; Hatcher's Run, Va., March 29, 1865; Cat Tail Creek, Va., April 2, 1865; Faraiville, Va., April 7, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. It had a total membership of 1,393. Its losses were : Killed in action, 6 officers, 123 men; died of wounds, 5 officers, 47 men; of disease, 3 officers, 154 men ; a total of 338 officers and men. "Rest, Rest the patriot heart, Tliat never quailed with fear In treason's fiery test. " Note. — When the 7th Michigan was forming at Fort Wayne, Chas. M. Wallcer, a young lawyer, very short in stature, rendered so by a shortness of legs, since deceased, was very anxiuus to enlist. One morning before the colonel reached his office, the young man seated himself at the colonel's table. The colonel entered and sat down, and the young man says: " Colonel, I want to enlist in your regiment; please give an order for an ofllcer to muster me in." The colonel looked at him ; he appeared healthy and strong, and apparently of sulllcicnt height, as he sat at the table. The colonel saying, "certainly, " wrote the order, and the young man rose to leave, but the colonel discovering that he was but little higher wlu-n on his feet tliaii when bitting in the chair says, " Hold on! I do not know about this! Hut the young man luij-tily left, saying, "Nevermind about vay legs, Colonel, tlicy arc of the growing kind." He was accepted and became an eflicient ollicer "I the n-ginn-iiL. EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. "At the roused Eagle's call ye are Leaping from slumber to the fight For Freedom and for chartered Right!" The next infantry regiment sent to the field was the 8th, composed of the following companies, assigned to it August 13, 18G), and were principally recruited at the points named in connection with their designations: A, Fenton Light Guard, Flhat. B, St. Johns Volunteers, St. Johns. C, Gratiot Han- gers, Alma. D, Grand River Guard, Grand Rapids. E, Elder Zouaves, Lansing. F, , Hastings. G, Excelsior Guard, Flint. H, Greenville Guard, Greenville. I , Owosso. K, , Jackson. The regiment was, on August 21, 1861, ordered to rendezvous at Grand Rapids, where the companies were directed to report to Colonel W'ni. M. Fen- ton, of Flint, who had been appointed from the 7th regiment to command it. It was afterwards ordered on August 21st to Fort Wayne, arriving there on September 16th, where the organization was completed, and on the 23d was mustered into the service of the United States. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, WiUlam M. Fenton, Fenton. Lieutenant Colonel, Frank Graves, Niles. Major, Amasa B. Watson, Muskegon. Surgeon, Hurlburt B. Shank, Lansuig. Assistant Surgeon, Samuel R. Wooster, Grand Rapids. Adjutant, David B. Harbaugh, Detroit. Quartermaster, Asa Gregory, Flint. Chaplain, William Mahone, Detroit. A. Captain, Samuel C. Guild, Flint. First Lieutenant, George E. Newell, Flint. Sec- ond Lieutenant, George H. Turner, Flint. B. Captain, Gilbert E. Pratt, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Wilham E. Lewis, St. Johns. Second Lieutenant, James S. Donahue, Flint. C. Captain, Ralph Ely, Alma. First Lieutenant, George S. Gordon, Alma. Second Lieutenant, Charles B. HoUiday, Alma. D. Captain, Benjamin B. Church, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, John 0, Buchanan, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Porter, Grand Rapids. E. Captain, Matthew Elder, Lansing. First Lieutenant, Abram Cottrell, Lansing. Second Lieutenant, , . F. Captain, Nelson H. Walbridge, Richland. First Lieutenant, Tiaverse PhUlips, Hastings. Second Lieutenant, Jacob Maus, Hastings. G. Captain, Ephraim N. Lyon, Flint. First Lieutenant, Horatio Belcher, Flint. Sec- ond Lieutenant, N. Miner Pratt, Flint. H. Captain, Alfred B. Turner, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Richard N. Doyle, Georgetown. Second Lieutenant, William A. BroAvn, Ann Arbor. I. Captain, Jay L. Quackenbush, Owosso. First Lieutenant, Albert Bainbridge, Byron. Second Lieutenant, James C. Merrell, Corunna. K. Captain George Proudflt, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Reuben S. Cheney, Moscow. Second Lieutenant, William P. Miner, Moscow. The regiment has been designated in the reports as the " Wandering regi- 36 282 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ment" of Michigan, having been as early as November, 1863, engaged with the enemy in South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, and Maryland, and in 1863 in Mississippi and Tennessee. It moved from Detroit on September 27th, 1861, in command of Colonel Feuton, with an aggregate force of 915 on its rolls. Arriving at Washington on the 30th, went into camp on Meridian Hill. On October 9th it left for Annapolis, Maryland, arriving there on the morning of the 10th, where it was assigned to duty as a part of the 2d brigade, " Expeditionary Corps," under General T. W. Sherman, then under orders for Hilton Head. On the 19th of October it embarked on the steamship Vanderbilt for that point, and arriving off Port Royal on the 7th, lauded at Hilton Head on the 8th. On the 10th it went into camp with the other regiments of the brigade, and was engaged throwing up entrenchments and doing picket duty until De- cember 6th, when it struck "tents, taking up the march with its brigade, em- barking on steamers at Hilton Head, arrived at Beaufort next day, and bivouacked until the 9th, then pitched tents and entered upon the duties of drill and picket. A detachment under Lieutenant Porter occupied Ladies island, while another in command of Captain Elder was stationed at Brickyard Point. The detachment at Ladies island surprised and took prisoners on December 18th. On the same day the regiment moved to a point on the shell road about six miles from Beaufort, where the first and second companies. Captains Gould and Walbridge, with Captain Elder and fifteen men, in com- mand of Colonel Fenton, embarked in boats, and on reconnoitering the shore opposite Brickyard Point, on the Coosaw river, found the enemy in force, receiving fire from a two-gun battery, when a gun from the steamer May Flower, aground on the bar, opened on the battery, and covered the detach- ment so that it was enabled to withdraw with a loss of one killed. On the 21st the regiment, with the ?9th New York, formed the advanced posts in command of Colonel Fenton, and on the 22d moved to Gray's Hill Plantation and McGee's place further in advance, where they remained until the 31st, occupied in drill and picket duty. On January 1, 1862, the regiment marched from camp at Duck Creek at 3 A. M., crossing Coosuw river in flat boats, marched on the main laud about two and a half miles to Port Royal Ferry. On the march engaged a masked battery with troops of the enemy, with loss of two killed, six wounded, and one missing: Lushing says : " General Stevens threw out the 8th Michigan as sldrmishers, and the gunboats opened a bribli lire into the woods in their front. The 79th New Yorli led. "Very soon a concealed battery near tlie ferry was encountered. It opened on them with grape and canister, but was Bs were landed at Gibson's Plantation. Two of these companies were ordered to skirt Turner's creek on the right ; a third was to take the road to the right, towards the ferry at Caston's Bluff, to protect a boat party up Oatland creek, and the remainder to secure the landing. After one company of the five was landed Lieutenant Wilson proceeded in a boat to Turner's creek. Owing to the small number of boats and the distance from the steamer, which was grounded, some delay occurred in the disembarkation. I directed Lieutenant Colonel Graves to follow with the second company and to skirt Turner's creek, but, being misdi- rected, he took tlie road to the right towards Carson's Bluff, and on landing with the re- maining companies I received information that the enemy were in force at Fleetwood Plantation, and to the left of the road. This rendered the recounoissance of Oatland creek, with boats, useless, and I ordered the companies all m ; and stationing the remaining companies to guard against an attack at our landing, sent out strong pickets on both roads. I believe the advance of the company to the right instead of along Turner's creek saved my conuuand, as it sooner enabled me to post tlie men to advantage and take a position from which the enemy's approach could be observed. The enemy proved to be the Geor- gia 13th, about 800 strong, armed with Enfleld rifles. As they approached, about 4 o'clock P. M., witli a .strong body of skirmisliers in the skirting of woods below the road, the com- panies I liad stationed to the right and left of the road, in accordance witii my instructions, opened fire. I immediately sounded the charge for advance of companies in the rear of the first lino. The first fine, mistaking the signal, fell back to the next cover. A constant and effective fire was kept up on both sides from cover of trees and bushes for an hour or more. Lieutenant Wilson, who had returned with the boat party, here proved of great service to me. He took a party, at my roqu Camp near Beaufort, South Carolina, January 7, 1862. \ Special Order. In consideration of the noble and patriotic action, and heroic death of John Q. Adams, (Corporal of Company A, the above re))ort will be entered upon the regimental records with this order. By order of COLONEL WILLIAM M. FENTON, A. Minor Pratt, Adjutant. Charles Howard Gardner was a school boy about 13 years of ago, in the city of Flint when the war broke out. His father went to the held on the first call for troops in the 2d Michigan. Qn the second call, Charley's teacher, Captain S. C. Guild, joined the 8th Michigan. Charley, being very much attached to him, entreated to be to go with him. "I can go to the war with my drum, and take the place of a man," was the noble boy's persistent plea. "I think it my duty to go, especially as you, mother, do not greatly need me at homo." The poor njothcr, who had already surrendered her husband, reluc- tantly consented, and her boy joined the 8th Michigan with Cai>th,in Guild, ordered to Port ra)yal. On the way, Charley met his father in Washington; saw him a little way off; forgetting liiai he was hi the ranks, broke and ran to his father's arms. It was their last meeting on earth ; the father died soon after in Alexandria. Alter his father's death Charh^y writes: " Ueak Mother, —lam near broken-hearted. I try to be cheerful, bui 'tis of no use. Myniind constantly runs in the direction of home, a Iresh gush of tears come to my eyes and I have to weep. But, mother, if this is so hard for me, what must it be for you? Uon't take ii loo much to heart, for remeniiicr thai you have me left, and 1 will do my best to help you. I shall send you all my money hereafter, for 1 really do not need money here." ay^ MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. And this promise he fulfilled to the letter. His captain guarded him like a father. At the terrible battle of James Island the Captain, while on the parapet of the rebel works, was struck by a shot and fell over the wall into the rebel hands, and was seen no more. Charley so bereaved, his captain and dear friend gone, in his agony of soul ^murmurs, " Oh, how I pity his poor mother!" Charley passed through many severe engagements, often escaping death as it were by a miracle. Still he kept with the regiment ; was at Vicksburg, and with Burnside in the East Tennessee campaign, in the mountams, and at Knoxville. But duruig the siege of that place, a chance shot struck him on the shoulder and entered the lung. The surgeon wrote to his mother, " He has been in a dangerous condition, but is fast recovering." Next tidings, the regiment on the way home on vet- eran furlough; heard from at Louisville, at Indianapolis, at Michigan City, and last at Detroit. "He may be here to-night— he will be here to-morrow," said his devoted and loving mother. Every summons to the door was Charley. Everything was in readiness for a happy meeting; mother, sister, and brother waiting for him. The suspense is great and trying. A knock at the door! All start— all cry "'tis Charley!" All rush to the door. No ! A telegram: " The regiment has arrived, but Charley is dead!" While the 8th was stationed at Wilmington Island, S. C, Captain Kalph Ely, afterwards General Ely, was sent with a boat on a reconnoissance to the main land near Port Royal Ferry, where the river is about a mile wide. He had only four men with him, and when he landed one was left to look after the boat to keep it afloat and ready tor use at a moment's notice. He pushed out into the country with his three men nearly two miles. About half a mile from where the boat was left he had to cross a stream or marsh with a deep mud bottom, on a bridge some ten rods long, which was the only crossing to return to the boat, an open cotton field intervening. After passing the bridge he took some observations with his field glass, but did not see any signs of the enemy; he then moved in the direction of a large plantation, keeping as well as he could under cover of the brush. Occasionally using his glass, the advance was continued until the plantation was reached, some two miles from the boat. Getting on the roof of one of the buildings, and looking with his glass in the direction of a point of woods about half a mile off, he dis- covered rebel cavalry busily saddling their horses, and became at once satisfied that his party had been observed. No time was lost in commencing a retreat to the boat, which must be reached if possible, or at least the bridge, to save being entirely cut off and cap- tured. His retreat was through the cotton field, and the rebels being on horseback had to follow the highway, which lengthened their route to the bridge. The captain made as good time as is usually made under such circumstances, occasionally casting glances to the rear, only to see the cavalry coming at full speed, determined to reach the bridge first; but being good on foot, and spurred on in view of the immediate danger, Ely and his party reached it a short distance ahead — not more than ten rods or so in advance of the leading rebel officer, but entirely exhausted and out of breath. The boat was half a mile away, with some thirty or forty cavalry pressing closely. At the entrance to the bridge the party faced the enemy, bringing their guns to a ready; the rebels hesitated. He then directed his men to stand fast, and regaining his breath after the long chase, he ran from the bridge and through an open gate in the field, and gave the following orders as if to a largo force concealed about the bridge, and in a voice so that the cavalry would hear him, and cautioning his command to keep well to the right and under cover: "Attention batlaiinn! Take arms! Shoulder arms! Load at will! Load! Forward, march !" During this time nearly a whole company of cavalry had come together; he then went back where the three men were standing at the entrance to the bridge, stepped out in front, took off his cap, and dared tliem, in a short speech, to come on. But in place of doing that they beat a retreat, and left the captain and his three men masters of the field. A quick march was made to the boat and an embarkment made in the shortest time possible. Just as he got out of range of their carbines, the cavalry, fully a company strong, rode down to the bank of the river, evidently feeling very small at being so ingeniously outgeneraled and foiled by only five Yankees. The captain and party cheered them lustily, and bidding them good bye struck up the song of "Tramp, tramp, the boys aio marching," and wound up with "Old Jolm Brown." NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " On trembling Freedom's trial day, And loud a& thunders in the sky, "Went up their herald's warning cry, ' Let him who rends the Union die.' " The 9th Infantry was ojgainzed at Fort Wayne, near Detroit, under the following order : MiLITABT DePAKTMENT, MICHIGAN, ADTUTAXT GENIJKAIiS OFFICE, GenekaIj Okdeks, ) Detroit, September 10th, 1861. No. 74. S I. The field officers are hereby appointed to the 9th Kegiment Michigan Infantry, and will report for duty at this office on Monday, the 16th inst. : William W. Duffield, Colonel. John G. Parkhurst, Lieutenant Colonel. Dorus M. Fox, Major. II. Captains of companies having promises or encouragement of acceptance from the Commander-in-Chief in this regiment, will report to this office, on or before the 16th inst., the number of men enrolled ui their respective companies, and the time that will be required to complete their enrollment to the maximum number. As soon as companies report lull, they will be immediately ordered into rendezvous at Fort Wayne. As only a short time can be allowed in organizing the regiment, commanders of com- panies, in order to secure their acceptance, must be prompt in reporting and filling up •their companies. By order of the Commander-in-Chief. JNO. EOEEKTSON, Adjutant General. It was mustered into the service of the United States, October loth, iS61, witli a force of 913 officers and nien on its rolls, and left for the field in Ken- tucky on the ;^5th of that month, being the first regiment from Michigan to enter upon active service in the western departments of the army. FIELD and staff. WiUiam W. Duffield, Detroit, Colonel. John G. Parkhurst, Coldwater, Lieutenant Colonel. Dorus M. Fox, Lyons, Major. , , Surgeon. Cyrus Smith, Jack- son, .\s.si«tant Surgeon. Henry lii. Duffield, Detroit, Adjutant. Charles H. Irwin, Detroit, Quartermaster. James G. Portman, Lyons, Chaplain. A. Captain, William Wilkinson, Ilomeo. First Lieutenant, Albert Nye, Mt. Clemens. Second Lieutenant, Hiram Barrows, Borneo. B. Captain, Oliver C. Ilovmds, Niles. First Lieutenant, Moses A. Powell, Niles. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Leonard J. Wright, Niles. C. Captain, Charles V. Deland, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Joseph H. lott, Jackson. Second Litiutenant, J. Curtis Purdy, Jackson. D. Captain, John E. Smith, Lyons. First Lieutenant, Daniel 0. Moore, Lyons. Sec- ond Lieutenant, James N. Wallace, Lyons. 294 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. E. Captain, Cyprian H. Millard, Linden. First Lieutenant, Moses A. Share, Detroit, Second Lieutenant, Stephen S. Barrows, Detroit. F. Captain, George K. Newcombe, Owosso. First Lieutenant, Samuel S. Bangs, Mar- Bhall. Second Lieutenant, Ephraim Marble, Marshall. G. Captain, George N. Chase, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Mortimer Mansfield, Cold- water. Second Lieutenant, William A. Hull, Coldwater. H. Captain, Andrew M. Adams, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Samuel A. Wiggins, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Charles T. Fox, Lyons. I. Captain, William Jenney, Jr., Mt. Clemens. First Lieutenant, Blake W. Hornbeck,. Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Alanson P. Dickinson, Romeo. K. Captain, John A. Tanner, Fowlerville. First Lieutenant, Thomas J. Conely, Jack- son. Second Lieutenant, Lewis V. Curry, Brighton. Before its departure for the front, the regiment was presented at Fort Wayne by the liev. Dr. George Duffield, in an eloquent address, breathing of true pat- riotism, with a sijlendid silk banner, and inscribed thereon in beautiful char- acters: "Presented on the 23d of October, 1861, by the Kev. George Duffield, of Detroit, Michigan, to the 9th Michigan Infantry, his son. Colonel W. W. Duffield, conimanding." On the flag was also inscribed this motto: " Thou hasL given a banner to them that fear Thee, thac it may be displayed because of the truth. 'In the name of God we will set up our banners.' " The regiment was first stationed at Jeffersonville, lud., and in November, 1861, moved from there to West Point, Ky., then to the summit of Mouldrous Hill, where it was employed in the conscruction of extensive field works and building and rej>airing roads and bridges until January 4th, 1862, when companies A, B, C, D, F, and K marched to Elizabethtown, arriving there Du the 6th. On the 0th Company F was sent to Nolin Bridge. On the 17th com[ninies E and G reached Elizabethtown from West Point, leaving I at that station. The entire regiment was concentrated at Elizabethtown on March 9th. On the 11th and 13th it marched to West Point in command of Lieu- tenant Colonel Parkhurst, Colonel Duffield being in command of the 23d bri- gade, Army of the Cumberland. At VV^est Point it encamped, awaiting the arrival of the brigade referred to, and to which it had been attached, and on the 19th embarked with the brigade on the steamer Jacob JStrader for IS'ash- ville, Tenn., where it arrived on the 23d and encamped. On May 3d the brigade was ordered on au expedition in pursuit of General Morgan, then raiding in Middle Tennessee and threatening the Union lines of Communication, attacking trains, and committing depredations generally. Colonel Duffield overtook Morgan's force at Lebanon, May 5th, surprising him and driving in his pickets posted within a mile of that place. Morgan had taken possession of houses on the outskirts of the town, wiiere he was vigoioui«ly attacked, and after maintaining a heavy and well sustained tire was driven fn.m building to building until finally he was compelled to Uee, his forces Scattering in a most demoralized condition. Following is the report of Colonel Duffield covering in detail the operations of his command : Inkstek, Wayne County, Michig.\n, ) March 14, Iti.'^o. ) General,— Agroeiihly to your request I enclose you herewith a copy of my report of kho lifiht at Lebanon, May 5, 18G2. AlUioiigli the 'JLh Michif^iin Inlantry took no part in that battle as a regiment, yet their previous iiioveiiieiit to Shelbyville compelled Morgan to move northward, and thus broiigliL ou I lie battle wliicii resulted in the entire disorganization of his command. I re- fljaiii, General, your obedient servant, W. W DUFFIELD. GENKICAL Jno. lloiSEUTSON, Adjutant General titate of Michigan, Lansing. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 295 Headquabters 23d Beigadk, Mubfreesboko, Tennessee, | Tuesday, May b'th, ISG'J. ) Captain:— Agreeably to verbal instructions received from Brigadier General E. Du- mont, I started in pursuit of the rebel force commanded by Colonel John H. Morgan, which attacked General .Mitchell's train at Pulaski, leaving early on the murniug of the 3d instant, and taking with me the 9th Michigan Infantry, Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst, and the 8th Kentucky Infantry, Colonel Barnes. Upon reaching Wartrace and finding that the Ith Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Smith, had been ordered to Shelbyville, I directed Colonel Barnes to occupy that place with the 8th Kentucky Infantry, for the protection of the bridges at that poiiit, where it still remains. The Dth Michigan Infantry moved on to Shelbyville, where it arrived at 4 P. M. The rapid movement of these two regiments effectually prevented the enemy's return south- ward. From information obtained through patrols thrown forward to Uuionville I learned that the enemy was at that point and movuig northward. I telegraphed Colonel Lester of the 3d Minnesota Infantry, to place a strong guard at the bridges near Murfreesboro, and Colonel Barnes of the 8th Kentucky Infantry to adopt a similar precaution near War- trace, and after bivouacking for the night on the Fayetteville road near Shelbyville, pro- ceeded to Murfreesboro at daybreak on the 4th instant, by railway, with the 9th Michigan Infantry, halting at all the cross roads and throwing out patrols in both directions. On reaching Murfreesboro at 4.30 P. M., I learned that the enemy at noon had crossed the railway ten miles north of that place, tearing up the track and burning a quantity of cotton stored there; and that upon the arrival of the 1st Kentucky Cavalry, Colonel Wool- ford, from Nashville, Colonel Lester had despatched that force in pursuit, together with the 3d battaUon of the 7tli Pennsylvania Cavalry, Major Givan. The 4th Kentucky Cav- alry, Colonel Smith, having arrived with General Dumont and yourself from Shelbyville, and the 2d battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Colonel Wyncoop, from Nashville, both these forces were dispatclied for Lebanon at 2 o'clock P. M. Learning this fact I left Murfreesboro at 5 P. M.. taking with me Lieutenant Colonel John G. Parkhurst, of the 9th Michigan Infantry, Assistant Adjutant General Henry M. Duflield, Assistant Quar- termaster Charles H. Irwin, Lieutenant A. M. Dobbelaire, A. D. C , of my own staff, and fifteen cavalry of my own escort, and when eight miles north of Murfreesboro I met the 1st Kentucky Cavalry and 3d battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry returning, under the impression that I had been cut off at Shelbyville and needed reinforcements. I directed them to turn back with me and endeavor to overtake the force recently despatched from Murfreesboro under General Dumont, and pushed on all night for Lebanon. The forces under General Dumont having halted at 1 o'clock on the morning of the 5th instant within four miles of that place, we succeeded in overtaking them, and rested until day- break. The column was then put in motion, proceeding at the galop, drove in the pickets and charged into the town. The enemy was completely surprised and was only aware of our presence by the fire of his pickets, posted less than a mile from the village. His main force was quartered at the college buildings on the outskirts of the town, from wliich he endeavored on foot to reach the livery stables in the village where his horses were stabled, to saddle up and mount, but being overtaken by the head of our column, threw himself into the houses lining the road and maintained a heavy and well sustamed fire from the windows upon each side of the street. He was, however, driven from house to house until he fled from the town in the wildest confusion. I need not inform you of the personal daring and gallantry of our troops exposed as they were to this murderous cross and fianking fire from a sheltered and concealed foe, yet still deUvering their fire at the windows with great coolness and precision, falling back to load and agaua returning to the attack, as both General Dumont and yourself were present and can speak from personal observation. During the time occupied in forchig the street a large portion of the enemy ralhed in the public square, but were repulsed by a vigorous charge and retreated toward the north and east, our troops following in close pursuit. General Dumont and yourself having followed, directing the pursuit, and being left in charge of the town, I directed Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst to search ihe vMage and collect the wounded with the members of my own staff and escort who diii not join in the pursuit. While so engaged several scattering shots were fired upon us from the windows of the adjoining houses, and a sudden and most unexpected volley poured in from the windows of Odd Fellows' Hall. This attack was so unexpected that our little force fell back in great disorder, but was soon rallied in the public square. The Odd Fellows' Hall was a large two-story brick building in the center of the village, immediately opposite tlie sta- bles occupied by the enemy's horses, and he had thrown himself into it, barricaded the lower windows and doors, and was firing from the second story windows. All the Ken- tucky and Pennsylvania troops having followed in pursuit of the enemy, and several of the escort having been wounded in the attack, our whole force left In Lebanon, uicluding staff officers, did not exceed fifteen effective men. Having no artillery with which to shell 296 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. out the enemy, I directed our little force to advance under cover of thfi houses and stables on the other side of the street, to maintain a steady tire upon the windows, and when the enemy's fire had been silenced to demand an unconditional surrender, and in case of refusal to fire the building. This was done and the enemy laid down his arms and sur- rendered. His force consisted of fifty privates, ten non-commissioned officers, four lieu- tenants, one captain, and the field officer in command, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bh Wood, Jr., of Adams's Cavalry, or sixty-six in all who were turned over to General Dumont on his return that afternoon. I enclose you herewith the full list of prisoners captured, with their several names and rank, and an inventory of the captured arms, horses, and other property. I remain, Caiptain, your obedient servant, W. W. DUFFIELD. Captain T. P. M. Bkayton, Commanding 23d Brigade. Assistant Adjutant General, Nashville, Tennessee. lu June following, the regiment in command of Lieutenant Colonel Park- hurst, formed part of a force under General Negley, which made a demonstra- tion on Cliiiuunooga for the purpose of drawing off the numerous rebel com- mands then raiding and threatening several stations of Union troops between Nashville and that point. On the ^8th of May the command, consisting of about five thousand men, commenced the march, and on reaching Winchester, June 3d, dispersed a small force of the enemy, capturing several prisoners. * On the same day he made a forced march of twenty miles over a rugged and almost impassable mountain road, capturing the enemy's pickets at Sweeden's Cove, completely surprising General Adam's command of rebel cavalry encamped at the foot of a mountain. After a hand to hand fight in a narrow lane and on broken ground the enemy was routed with a loss of twenty killed and double that number wounded. Fleeing in great confusion and disorder, throwing away their arms and equipments, leaving their ammunition and commissary wagons, they did not stop their flight until they reached Chattanooga, forty miles distant. On June 5th Negley reached Jasper, beyond his base of supplies, when he disposed his troops to protect his flanks by placing Sill's division at Shell Mound, and a regiment at Battle Creek, then marched on Chattanooga with his main force, arriving in front of that place on June 6th. Next day a bat- tle ensued, consisting principally of heavy cannonading, lasting an hour and a half, when the enemy were driven from their guns, leaving three badly disabled. During the evening of the 7th the enemy threatened to cross the river opposite Chattanooga and at Shell Mound, but the disposition of the Union force prevented them from carrying their plan into effect. On tlie morning of the 8th Colonel Scribner's command took position before Chattanooga and opened fire upon their works with his artillery, while the infantry advanced within six hundred yards of their sharpshooters, driving them from siielter. Having again silenced the enemy's guns and driven him from his position and out of Chattanooga, and not having force enough to cross the river in face of a heavy fire, or to hold the place if successful, he withdrew from the attack and dividcil his troops. Scribner's command marched for the Sequatchie Valley, General Tuichin's brigade being stationed at Battle Creek, while Negley pursued General Starns via the Almont and Thievman roatl, returning by way of Shelbyville and Manchester, and resumed command at Columbia. On July i;3th four com])anie8, E, U, F, and I, of the regiment being at Tulla- MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 297 homa, in cominaud of Major Fox, the remaining six companies in command of Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst, with other troops, were attacked at Mur- freesboro by a heavy rebel force commanded by General N. B. Forrest, and after a sharp strugijle had to surrender, losing 13 killed and 78 wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Alpheus Chase. The wounded officers (including Colonel Duffield) and men were at once paroled, and they, together with the remaining officers, were afterwards exchanged. This battle being prominent in the service of the regiment, the report of Colonel Duffield, and an extract from the report of Colonel Parkhurst, cover- ing the affair, are inserted, as they give a full and detailed account of the whole engagement: Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 23d, 1862. ColoneIj, — Although I had not formally assumed command of the 23d brigade, yet as Brigadier General Thomas L. Crittenden and the other officers of the command have been captured and foi-warded to Chattanooga, permit me to submit the following report of such portion of the attack made on the 13th inst. as came under my own personal observation. I arrived here after an absence of two months, in the afternoon of the 11th inst., com- ing down on the same train as Brigadier General Thomas L. Crittenden, the newly- appointed commander of the post, and found that several material changes had been made in the location and encampment of the 23d brigade since my departure. Instead of the whole command camping together, as it had done, it was separated into two portions several mUes apart. The brigade had never been drilled as such, nor a brigade guard mounted; each regiment furnished its quota of officers and men and watched certain roads; and worse than all, the commanding officers of the respective regiments were on ill terms with each other, and this feeling on one occasion had broken out into an open personal quarrel. The result was a great lack of discipUne, and a bitter feeling of jealousy between the different regiments, manifesting itself in the personal encounters of the men when they met upon the street. There was no order, no harmony. The parts ■of the machine did not fit well, and the commanding otiicer seems either not to have pos- sessed the will or the ability to adjust them. General Crittenden and myself, immediately after our arrival, visited the several camps discussed the impropriety of a divided command, and decided upon a concentration, but as neither of us had assumed command we deferred it until the morrow. But on the morrow the blow fell and the danger we anticipated became a realitj-. General Critten- den made his headquarters in town, while I preferred camping with my own men, and therefore pitched my tent with the five companies of the 9th Michigan Volunteers. The force then at Murfreesboro was as follows: Five companies. A, C, G, H, and K, 9th Michigan Volunteers, Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst commanding, two hundred strong, together with the 1st squadron, dth Kentucky Cavalry, Captain Chilson, eighty-one strong, were camped three-fourths of a mile east of the town, upon the Liberty turnpike. One company, B, 9th Michigan Volunteers, Captain Rounds, forty-two strong, occupied the court-house, the other companies 9th Michigan Volunteers having been ordered to Tullahoma a month since, while nine companies of the 3d Minnesota Volunteers. Colonel Lester (one company being on detached duty as train guard), four hundred and fifty strong, and Hewitt's 1st Kentucky Battery (two sections), seventy-two strong, occupied the east bank of Stone river at a distance of more tlian three miles from the encampment of the detachment of the 9th Michigan Volunteers. Orders were received from Nashville the evening of the 12th inst., directmg the 1st squadron, 4th Kentucky Cavalry, to proceed immediately to Lebanon. The total effective strength of the command at Murfreesboro on the morning of the 13th inst., did not therefore exceed eight hundred and fourteen men, including pickets. The attack was made at daybreak on the morning of the 13th mst., by the 2d cavalry brigade, C. S. A., Brigadier General N. B. Forrest, over tliree thousand strong, consist- ing of one Texas regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Walker, the 1st and 2d Georgia regiments. Colonels Wharton and Hood, one Alabama regiment. Colonel Saunders, and one Tennes- see rtigiment, Colonel Lawton. The noise of so many hoofs at full speed upon the macad- amized roads was so great that the alarm was given before the head of the column reached our pickets, about one mile distant, so that our men were formed and rt'ady to receive them, although they came in at full speed. The Texan and a battalion of one of the Georgia regiments, in all over eight hundred strong, attacked the five companies of the 9th Michigan Volunteers. So fierce and impetuous was their attack that our men were forced nearly to the center of the camp, but they fell back steadily and in order, with their faces 3S 298 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. to the foe; but upon reaching the center of camp their line was brought to a halt, and after twenty minutes of nearly hand to hand fighting the enemy broke and fled in the wildest confusion, followed in close pursuit by one company as skirmishers. A squadron of cavalry at this time laimched at their heels would have utterly routed and annihilated them. Indeed, so great was their panic that their officers were unable to check the fugi- tives for a space of seven miles, and Colonel Lawton, commanding the Georgia reVment, was subsequently arrested by General Forrest for misconduct uuderthefireof the enemy. During this attack, both officers and men, with one single exception, behaved very hand- somely. There was no excitement, no hurry, no confusion, everything was done calmly, quietly, and in obedience to orders, But it is with the deepest shame and mortification I am compelled to report that an officer of Michigan has been guilty of gross cowardness in the face of the enemy, who at the first alarm left his quarters, abandoned his company, and fled from his command under the enemy's fire, and I therefore enclose you herewith charges preferred against him for violation of the 52d article of war. Captain Charles V. DeLand, company C, 9th Michigan Volunteers, deserves especial notice for cool and gallant conduct throughout the action, and the fearless manner in which he led his com- pany as skirmishers in pursuit of the enemy when repulsed; also First Lieutenant Hiram Barrows, company A, same regiment, for the tenacity with which he held his ground although sorely pressed by the enemy. The loas of the detachment of. the 9th Michigan Volunteers has been very severe for the number engaged, amounting to one officer and twelve men killed, and three officers and seventy-five men wounded. The enemy's loss has been much more severe than our own, more than double of their dead were buried with ours, and their wounded are found in almost every house. Among the wounded are a colonel, a major, two adjutants, and one surgeon. I enclose you herewith the surgeon's report of the killed and wounded of the 9th Michigan Volunteers. Not having been present at the subsequent surrender of the detachment of the 9th Michigan Volunteers under Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst, I can only state the facts as reported to me, which show that this force isolated and reduced by killed and wounded to less than seventy-five men, after having held their ground from 4 o'clock A. M. to 1 o'clock P. M., were compelled to surrender or be cut to pieces by the entire force of the enemy. I am reliably informed that company B, 9th Michigan Volunteers, under com- mand of First Lieutenant Wright, held the court house against an incessant attack by a greatly superior force from 4 A. M. till 7^ P. M., and did not surrender till the enemy had possession of the lower story of the building, and had started a fire with the evident intention of burning them out. Of the surrender of the 3d Minnesota volunteers and Hewitt's 1st Kentucky Artillery, under command of Colonel Lester, I cannot speak from personal knowledge, nor have I received any information from sources sufficiently reliable to warrant my communicating to you any details. Indeed, I would much prefer not to do so. The circumstances of the case as reported bear painfully on the honor of a brother officer now a prisoner of war and who is therefore unable to defend hinaself. I enclose a list of the killed and wounded of the 3d Minnesota Volunteers, furnished me by the asaistant surgeon of that regiment, amounting to two killed and eight wounded, one of whom was killed and two wounded in fine, and the remainder in camp. In the early part of this attack I received two gunshot wounds, one passing through the right testicle, the other through the left thigh. These, although very painful and bleed- ing, did not prevent me from remaining with my own regiment until the attack was repulsed, when, fainting from pain and loss of blood, I was carried from the field, and was therefore not a witness of what subsequently occurred. At noon of the same day I was made prisoner by General Forrest, but in my then help- less condition was released upon my parole not to bear arms against the Confederate States until regularly exchanged. I remain, Colonel, j'our obedient servant, WM. W. DUFFIELD, Colonel 9th Michigan Infantry, Commanding 23d Brigade. COLONEii James B. Fry, A. A. G., Chief of Staff, Huntaville, Ala. Colonel Piirkhurst says: In this battle (Murfreesboro) five companies (A, 0, E, G, and K) of the 9th, four com- panli's heing detached and on duty at Tullahoraa, and one company being also detached and on duty as provost guard of tiie city of Murfreesboro, nuinboiing about two hundred and fifty men, fougiit a force of about three thousand cavalry, under the immediate com- mand of the rebel General N. B. Forrest. The fight commenced at 4 o'clock in the morn- MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 299 In^ by the rebel force, about 2,000 strong, charging upon the camp of the regiment, but the timely warning of the camp guard enabled me to get my men in position to receive the charge, and after a desperate contest of about thirty minutes, which terminated in a hand-to-hand fight, we repelled the charge and drove the enemy from camp. A second charge was soon made, which was less determined in its character and less successful to the enemy than the first charge. From this time until half past 12 o'clock— eight and a half hours from the first attack — the fighting was kept up in an irregular manner, some- times by skirmish lines and sometimes by sortie of the regiment. Within one mile of my caiup was the 3d Regiment lliiuiesota Volunteer Infantry, under command of Colonel Les- ter, who was also at the time in command of the post (afterwards dismissed for cowardice on this occasion), and Hewitt's Kentucky battery. During the engagement I sent three distinct messages to Colonel Lester, all of which he received, informing him of my situation and of my ability to hold it till lie could come to my assistance, but Colonel Lester refused to afford me any assistance, refused to fight, and refused to allow his command to fight. Consequently at half past 12 o'clock, having lost thirteen killed and eighty-seven wounded (over one-third of my command), and being reduced to one hundred and thirty-seven men and officers, the enemy, having nothing to apprehend from the Minnesota regiment and Hewitt's battery, concentrating his whole force upon the camp, I was compelled to surrender or suffer my little force to be cut up alive. Company B, on duty as provost guard under command of Lieutenant Wright, held possession of the court-house for two hours after they were attacked, and until the enemy had fired the building, and in the meantime killed and wounded a large number of the enemy. The rebel loss in the fight was veiy much greater than ours, both in killed and wounded, and Colonel Wharton, of the Texas Rangers, in command of a portion of the attacking party, was reprimanded by General Forrest for his defeat in his effort to capture the camp. I look upon this fight of the 9th Michigan Infantry as one of the most gallant of the war, and for which the regiment has never received a proper degree of credit, having in a maimer received the reproach which should have attached solely to Colonel Lester, of the 3d Minnesota, whose refusal to allow his regiment and Hewitt's battery to go into the fight was the sole cause of the capture of Murfreesboro. In November, ISQ'i, the regiment was stationed near Nashville, and entered on the campaign of General Rosecrans, then operating against the enemy at that time near Murfreesboro, and was engaged at Lavergne on the 27tii of December. Before the battle of Stone Kiver the 9th was detailed by Major General Thomas as a special guard for his headquarters, aud also for provost guard duty for the 14 th corps, with its position at the headquarters of General Thomas. During the engagement of Stone Uiver, on December 30th and 31st, 1802, and January 1st, 2d, and 3d following, the regiment, in command of Colonel Parkhurst, performed most signal service in checking the rout of a part of the right wing of the Union forces while being driven back by an over- whelming force and under a terrific fire, holding large numbers of them in check at the point of the bayonet, compelling the retreating masses to return to their duty and hold their ground. Covering this service an extract from a report of Colonel Parkhurst is inserted : " Before the battle (Stone river) the regiment was detailed by Major General Thomas as his select guard for liimself, staff, and headquarters, and for provost duly for tlio 14th army corps, and its position was at the headquarters of Major General Thomas. On the morning of the 31st of December the battle was opened by the enemy attacking General Rosecrans's right, which was under the immediate command of Major General McCook, and the attack was made with such force as to put our forces on the right to rout and utterly to demoralize them, and a general stampede was the result. 'Teamsters, army transportation, cavalry, and infantry came rushing In confusion and terror, and it seemed that the whole army liad broken and was rushing to the rear and for the Niishville Pike. My regiment being in the rear of the center of ihe line of battle and at the bridge over Overall's Creek on the Nashville Pike, and believing that the fate of the army depended upon checking the stampede and stopping the lleeiug and frigiitened troops, I at once put the regiment in line of ijattle extending either side of the pike, with fixed bayonets, with flankers extending on either fiank, and with orders to stop everything but wounded men. I had barely time to form when our cavalry rushed upon my line with great force aud like 300 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. men making a desperate charge, and it was with the utmost difficulty that we were ena- bled to checli the first charge made upon our line, but by a free use of the sabre and the bayonet we were enabled to hold the first rush of cavalry; then came infantry, then artil- lery, then more cavalry, but by this time I had succeeded in organizing the fleeing cavalry and forming them in line on our flanks, and in placing several pieces of fleeing artillery in position. "I had now a force of about two thousand cavalry and about three thousand infantiy, and eleven pieces of artillery in position, and all organized from the stampeded and demor- alized troops of our army. At this juncture the -rebel cavalry following our routed army made a charge upon my'advanced lines, which was handsomely repulsed by the cavalry I had organized from the troops which but a few minutes previous had given way in despair and were fleeing for dear life. After the repulse of the rebel cavalry our cavalry pursued the enemy till he had reached the woods to the right of the Pike; and soon after tliis a brig- ade under command of Colonel Walker, of the 31st Ohio, came to my aid from Stewart's creek, and immediately set to work organizing the stragglers and sending them under a guard, from the 9th Micliigan, to their commands as fast as their location was discovered. For this service the 9th Michigan Infantry received a very flattering mention by Major General Thomas in his report of the battle of Stone liver, but which did not appear in the partisan record as made up for ' The Annals of the Army of the Cumberland.' I feel, and have no hesitancy in saying, that had not the 9th Michigan Infantry by their determined courage checked the stampede of the right wing of General Rosecrans's army on the morning of the 31st of December, the demoralization would have extended to the whole army, the battle of Stone river would have resulted in the defeat of the Federal arms, and General Rosecrans would have been compelled to fall back upon Nashville." At the battle of Chickamauga on September 19t.h and l^Oth, 1863, the regi- ment was engaged on provost duty, rendering most valuable service. It was also present at tlie battle of Mission Ridge on November :^5th following. Extract from General Thomas's report of battle of Chickamauga: "Colonel J. G. Parkhurst, commanding 9th Michigan Volunteers, and Provost Marshal of the 14th army corps, at the head of his regiment, did most valuable service on the 20th in arresting stragglers and in reorganizing the troops who had been driven from the field." Colonel Parkliurst being detached as Provost Marshal General, Army of the Cumberland, with Lieutenant H. M. Duffield as A, A. Adjutant General, the 9th, in command of Colonel Wilkinson, was from the 1st of November, 1863, to the early part of December, employed on provost duty at Chattanooga, Tennessee, being attached to the headquarters of the 14th army corps. In December, the reginrent, to the number of 306, reenlisted as a veteran organ- ization. On its arrival at Coldwaler, in this State, on the 5th of January, 1864, the regiment was furloughed for thiriy days. It reassembled at the same })lace, where it, received recruits. Ijeaving Coldwaterou the 20th of February, with about 5U0 men, the regiment returned to Chattanooga, and was attached to tlie heailquarters of tiie department of the Cumberland. On the 3d of May the 9th marched from Chattanooga, with the headquarters of the army of the Cumberland, and participated, with that army, in the campaign in Georgia, being present at the actions of Rocky Face, Georgia, May 8th, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 14th; Dallas, Georgia, May 2?th ; Kenesaw, Georgia, June :c:5tii ; CiiaLlahoochee river, Georgia, July 5th to 6th; siege of Atlanta, Georgia, July 22d to August 5>5th; Jonesboro, Georgia, September 1st. It entered Atlanta on its evacuation by the rebel army, and was engaged in provost duty until that city was evacuated by our forces. The regiment then returned to Chatta- nooga. On November Ist, 1864, it was at Marietta, Georgia, en route from Atlanta to Ciiattanooga, 'J'ennessee, by rail, having left the former place tiie day previous. On the Otii it reached Chattanooga, where it remained in camp, Lleutonant Ohas F. Fox was killed In a skirmish at Twyree Springs.^ptember 2d7l862! MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 301 doing guard duty at the headquarters of the army of the Cumberland, also picket duty for that post, until tlie 27th of xMarch, 1865, wlien General Thomas having removed his headquarters to Nashville, it was ordered to that point, and on the ^9th arrived there by rail, and w;ts assigned to duty, guarding the mil- itary prison, and also at General Thomas's headquarters. The regiment con- tinued at Nashville, performing the same general service until Se[)tt'mber lotli, when it was mustered out, and the day following, in command of Colonel U'il- kins(Ui, left for Micltigan, arriving at Jackson on the IDth, and ou the !iGth and 2?th was paid off and disbanded. The 9th. during a large portion of its service, was the trusted body guard of General Thomas, and provost guard of the Army of the Cumberland, receiving h s entire confidence for courage and fidelity in the discharge of duty. Com- pliments coming from such a source gives the regiment an endorsement scarcely equaled by that of any oilier regiment in the service. The regiment participated in engagements at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862; Lavergne, Tenn., December 2?, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 29 to 31, 1862, January 1 and 2, 18(53; Chickamauga, Ga., September 19 and 20, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Rocky Face, Ga., May 8, 1864 ; Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864 ; Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864 ; Kenesaw, Ga., June, 25, 1864; Chattahoochee River, Ga., July 5 and 6, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. The records show a membership of 2,272 officers and men during its entire service. It suffered severely from sickness in the early part of its service, and lost in all 29-^. iif which 2 officers and 11 men were killed iu action, 7 men by wounds, 4 officers and 268 men by disease. " On mountain sides In ocean's tides, Our slumbering heroes calmly wait, Till years are run, Time's work all done, One Mighty Hand shall swing death's gate, And bear them up beyond the sun. " TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. When rebels seek our subjugation? Perish the thouji:ht! our blades are drawn, Thicli as the summer blades of com, Swift to defend our bleeding nation." The raising of the 10th lufantry was commenced by the appointment of the field officers, November 20th, 1861, when recruiting for it was at once begun, but the formation of the regiment was not comi)leted until February 3d, 1863, when the following companies were assigned, and which constituted the com- position of the regiment as it went to the field: A, Byron Guard, Byron. B, Saginaw Rangers, Saginaw. C, Orion "Union Guaird, Orion. D, Sanilac Pioneers, Sanilac. E, Scarrett Guard, Port Huron. F, Holt Guard, Almont. G, Lum Guard, Memphis. H, McClellan Guard, Pontiac. I, Genesee Eangers, Flint. K, Dickerson Guard, Hillsdale. The rendezvous of the regiment was located at Flint, Colonel E. H. Thom- son receiving from the Governor the appointment of commandant of camp, a civil otiice authorized by the War Department. While in camp at Flint, Colonel Thomson, in one of his eminently patriotic speeches, presented, on behalf of the citizens of Flint, a very elegant flag, made of the best roll silk, on which was inscribed tlie name of the regiment, and the word " Tuebor;^^ on a silver band on the staff the words, "Presented to the Tenth Regiment Michigan Infantry by the citizens of Flint." A response in good spirit and taste, by Colonel 0. M. Lum, commanding the regiment, with a prayer by the Rev, J. S. Boyden. Judge Avery, of Flint, and Professor Siddons followed with brief and appropriate speeclies. A second flag — the gift of Colonel Lum — was given to the regiment imme- diately preceding the Atlanta campaign, which was carried through that cam- paign and the Sherman march to the sea. The 10th was mustered into the service as a regiment on February 6th, 1862. FIELD AND STAFF. Charles M. Lum, Colonel, Detroit. Christopher J. Dickerson, Lieutenant Colonel, Hillsdale. James J. Scarrett, Major, Port Huron. James 0. Willson, Surgeon, Flint. Fraiilciin B. Galbraith, Assistant Surgeon, Lexington. Sylvester D. Cowles, Adjutant, Pontiac. Edwin A. Skinner, Quartermaster, Detroit. Jesse S. Boyden, Chaplain, Flint. A. Captain, Henry S. Bunn'tt, Goodrich. First Lieutenant, Robert F. Guiick, Cor- ruiia. Second Lieutenant, Bradiord Cook, Howell. B. Cai)tain, Charles H. Kichman, Saginaw City. First Lieutenant, Harvey Lyon, Mid- land City. Second Liiuitenunt, George Turner, Midland. C. Captain, Myron Bunnell, Goodrich. First Lieutenant, Benjamhi B. Redfield, Orion. Second Lieutenant, Alva A. Collins, Orion. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 303 D. Captain, Israel Huckins, Lexington. First Lieutenant, Hannibal H. Nims, Lexing- ton. Second Lieutenant, Georije W. Jenks, Lexington. E. Captain, William Hartsuff, Port Huron. First Lieutenant, Daniel Leach, Cliina. Second Lieutenant, Ed. F. Bunce, Port Huron. F. Captain, Walter P. Beach, Lapeer. First Lieutenant, Noah H. Hart, Lapeer. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Calvin M. Hall, Almont. G. Captain, Lafayette L. Deining, Jackson. First Lieutenant, William H. Dunphy, Memphis. Second Lieutenant, Hiram B. Pierson, Jackson. H. Captain, John Piersons, Pontiac. First Lieutenant, Sylvan Ter Bush, Pontiao. Second Lieutenant, Nathan Levy, Rochester, N. Y. I. Captain, Russell M. Barker, Flint. First Lieutenant, Piatt S. Titus, Detroit. Sec- ond Lieutenant, John Algoe, Flint. K. Captain, Ethel Judd, North Adams. First Lieutenant, John T. Storer, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, , . Owing to au unaccountable delay in the payment of the regiment, it did not leave the State until tlie 22d of April, when, with a force of 997 officers and men on its rolls, it went to the field in command of Colonel Lum, and on reaching Pittsburg Landing, Mississippi, reported to General lialleck on April 28th, when it was assigned to the 2d brigade of General Pope's division, right wing, army of the Mississippi, then stationed at Farmingtou, in front of Corinth. From May 8th following, until the 26th it was engaged in making recon- noissances and in skirmishing with the enemy, then holding a position at Cor- inth. On the 26th a successful effort was made to dislodge a rebel line of sharpshooters in front of the picket line of the 10th. Here the first loss to the regiment occurred, in the death of its Adjutant, Sylvester D. Cowles, who was killed by the enemy's sharpshooters. On the 28th the 10th moved to a point in the advance on Corinth, and there throwing up earthworks, aided in maintaining tlie siege until tiie 30th, when it was ascertained that the enemy had removed all their supplies, blown up their magazine, and evacuated their position. June 1st it marched to Boonville, and on making a reconnoissance on the 3d found the enemy strongly entrenched. After numerous marches and skir- mishes the regiment went into camp near Corinth on June 15th, wliere it remained until July 20th, when it was ordered to 'J'uscunibia, Alabama, reach- ing there on the 25th, where the headquarters of the legitnent were established. From this point four companies in command of Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson were sent to Town Creek Bridge, one company to Florence on provost duty, and another to Little Bear Creek, while the other four companies remained at Tuscumbia on provost duty under Major Scarritt, Colonel Lum being in command of the brigade since tiie 2d of May. On Septen)ber 3d the regiment, under orders, commenced a maich for Nashville, meeting with slight opposition by guerillas near Athens, Pulaski, and Columbia, whose attacks were mainly upon the train and guard. On the 11th it bivouacked within two miles of Nashville, having lost but one man during the march. Here the regiment remained until the 15th on picket duty, when It went into camp in the city under command of General Negley. Before reaciiiiig Nashville the division to whicli the 10th was attached had been trans- ferred to ihe newly formed army of the Cumberland, Major General Rosecrans comu)anding, and the regiment was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2d division, 14th aimy corps, Brigadier General J. M. Palmer commanding division. At Nashville the duties were heavy, fortifying, picketing, reconnoitering, foraging and guarding trains, while rations were extremely short until about 304 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. November 7th, when a portion of Rosecrans's army opened communication from Louisville to Mitchellville, thirty-five miles from Nashville, to which place the bri,^ade train, guarded by the 10th, was sent for rations, returning on the 10th to Nashville. December 31st as guard to an ammunition train for the army at Stone River, it accomplished a march of fifty-four miles in thirty-six hours. The entire regiment was not engaged in any one action during the year, though several detachments, while guarding trains, had severe encounters with the enemy's cavalry and guerrillas, and had been partially engaged with the rebels at Farm- ingtou. Miss., May 9, 1862; siege of Corinth, Miss., May 10 to 31, 1863; Booneville, Miss., June 1, 1863; Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 5, 1862, and at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 29, 31, 1862, Jan. 2, 3, 1863, where the regiment was held in reserve. On the 3d of January, 1863, Companies **A" and **D," while guarding a supply train on the Murfreesboro road, were attacked by a large force of guer- rillas and repulsed them, killing fifteen and taking as many more prisoners, without loss to themselves. On the 35th a squad of men, guarding a construc- tion train, were captured by 200 rebel cavalry. Twenty-seven men of the 10th being on duty near, went forward on double quick, routed the rebels, killing and wounding a large number, captured a lot of guns, horses, etc., and saved the train which had been set on fire. April 10th, a detail of 46 men, in com- mand of Lieutenant Frank M. Vanderburgh, guarding a railroad train, were attacked by three or four hundred guerrillas. Overpowered by numbers they were compelled to give up the train; but, repulsing the enemy's pursuit and falling back a short distance, they were reinforced by 15 men from a neigh- boring stockade, returned and saved a portion of the train, which had been set on fire. The loss in this affair was 8 killed and 12 wounded, including among the mortally wounded Lieutenant Vanderburgh, who died of his wounds at Autioch Station, Tenn., on the 16th of April immediately following. Following are extracts from a report of Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson cov- ering tbe affair : "On the 10th instant 40 privates, 4 non-commissioned oflBcers, and 2 commissioned offlceis were detailed from this regiment to guard a train on the Na&hville and Chatta- nooga railroad i'rom this city to Murlreesboro and return. About 4 o'cloclx in the afternoon the train while on its return trip, four miles this side of Lavergne, was attacked by guer- rillas numbering from three to four hundred, who were secreted in a dense grove of cedars completely covering them from view. Simultaneously with the attack the train was thrown from the track in consequence of two of the rails being slightly displaced. The guards were stationed upon the top of passenger cars and one platform car, and were under the command of Lieutenant Frank W. Vanderburgh. They suffered severely from the first volley fired by the rebels, a number being killed and wounded. After having dis- charged their pieces at the guerrillas they jumped from the cars upon the ground on the opposite side from the point of attack. Protecting themselves as well as possible by the cars, they held the train for some minutes, continually tiring at the enemy. " IBeing overpowered by greatly superior numbers, they were compelled to give up the train, and falling back a short distance made a stand behind a fence where they repulsed a i>arty of rebels who were pursuing them. Here Lieutenant Vanderburgh, who had pre- vioubly received two wounds, was again shot and completely disabled. "The coiiuiiand of the party now devolved upon Lieutenant Walter H. Nichols, who Bering there was no possibility of saving the train, retreated with his men in good order to the lirst stockade this side of Lavergne. Here he was reinforced by about 15 men who were stationed at tlu; stockade. He then marched his men back to the point where the train had been thrown from the track. The rebels had captured the mail and express matter on board, and had set lire to the train together with the engine and tender. The Are, however, luid tioiie very little damage to the engine, and it was saved. " Lim Rocky Faced Ridge, on the east and left of our position, a number of spurs of the mountain put out, running westerly toward the railroad, which are from 25 to 100 feet in height. " On the morning of the 25th I received orders to take a position on the left of the 60th Illinois, on the top of one of these spurs, and to conform all my movements to that regi- ment. After occupying this position for a short time we moved forwai'd and took a posi- tion on the top ox another spur, from which we could distinctly see the enemy in their fortified position. A brisk fire was being constantly kept up between our line of skirmish- ers and that of the enemy. About 3 P. M. the division to which the 10th was attached commenced a forward movement. As soon as the movement was fairly commenced the enemy opened a most galUug infantry fire upon us from the top of Rocky Face and in our front, while two or more batteries of artillery on our right and in front threw shot and shell, raking the ravines and sweeping the tops of the spurs. The soldiers of the lOth advanced coolly and steadily over the spurs and through the ravines until our colors were Hying defiantly almost in the face of the enemy. Halting just under the crest of one of these spurs of the mountain, I ordered the men to he down, fire and load at will. The fire of the enemy was most gallhig and murderous. In consequence of his elevated posi- tion upon our right and left our lying down afforded very little protection. Under this deadly enfilading fire the regiment lay for nearly thirty minutes. I was expecting our mam line to advance to our support. Receiving no orders, and seeing no troops advancing, I deemed it absolutely necessary to give the order to retreat. After falling back a short di^-tance we came to a deep gully which had been formed by the action of the water. I giive the order to halt and dress on the center. The 6Uth Illinois had already faUon back and now lay in the gully upon our right. I heard Colonel Anderson, couimanding that regiment, calling for me. He was on tlie opposite side of the gully from me, and in order to'under- Btand him I sprang across the gully near him. Neither of us having received any orders, we agreed to continue the retreat. I gave tlie command, forward! and the men leaping oiit of tiie gulley started on the double-quick to the rear, but in perfect order. I was within a few feet of them on the side toward the enemy. As they left the ravine I jumped across it, about which time a shell exploding a short distance from me threw a quantity of cartii into my back with such force that it knocked me down upon my face, and 1 found myself gasping lur breath. Partially recovering from this shock I sprang to my feet and commenced running toward the regunent, but had gone only a short distance when I was struck in the right heel by a musket ball. I again fell to the ground, either from exhaus- tion or the injuries 1 had received, I iuirdly know which. A moment's delay was fatal. The enemy came rusiiing upon me, and 1 found myself a prisoner in his hands. " During all the time I was with the regiment in this contest, both officers and men con- MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 307 ducted themselves with great coolness and courage. Every order was obeyed promptly, and there was no indication of confusion or demoralization. " The 10th lost in this engagement twenty-two icilled, and fifty-six wounded. Eight of the wounded fell Into the htuids of the enemy, and seven that received no wounds. "Sergeant Charles P. Stewart, and privates John H. Hope, Joseph Wolfe, and one or two others, who were reported as wounded or missing were killed. Fourteen including myself were taken to AndersonvUle, eleven of whom died in that prison." The following extract from a letter of General JcfTerson C. Davis, who com- mauded the 14th corps, shows the estimation iu which the regiment was held by him : " Colonel Dickerson served under my command as Lieutenant Colonel of the 10th Mich- igan in several of the engagements and campaigns around Chattanooga. He commanded the well disciplined and always good fighting regiment, the lOtii Michigan, on several important occasions. At an engagement between the troops under my command and the rebel forces at Buzzard's Eoost, Georgia, in February, 18G4:, this regiment and its com- mander, Colonel Dickerson, took a leading position in one of the severest little fights of the war. Colonel Dickerson, on this occasion, was wounded and fell into the hands of the -enemy. His courage and that of his regiment were very conspicuous." A corresjjondent of the Louisville Journal writes : "With their furloughs in their pockets, and preparations made to visit their dear ones at home, from whom they had been parted so long, the bugles on the 25th of the month just passed found the 10th responsive, with flags unfurled, and on the march for the battle field. Under Morgan at Buzzard's Boost they fought with the 60th Illinois beneath the the shadows of towering Rocky Face, carrying their colors to the enemy's very works through a murderous fire of infantry and artillery, losing twenty-five killed and wounded, among whom is Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson, then in commuud of the reginjent. His bravery remembered, his name and virtues will form a brilliant episode in its interesting biography. Another correspondent writes as follows: " The lOth Michigan and an Illinois regiment gallantly advanced over two sharp ridges, and when at the southern base of the second, and prepariuir to ascend the third, they were checked by a raking enfilading fire of canister shot from the right and lelt, which tore relentlessly and fatally along the entire line, and, added to the terrible musketry fire from the ridge, now covered with a swarming host, was fearfully destructive of human life. The 10th was terribly cut up, having lost about sixty men in a very few mimues. Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson, who commanded, is wounded and a prisoner in the hands of the enemy, as are many more of the regiment, who will, however, be exchanged in a couple of days. Colonel Bourke, of the 10th Ohio, having gone out with a Hag of truce and some rebel wounded for that purpose. The object of the reconnoissance having been attained, our troops returned to liinggold." The regiment returned to Michigan in command of Colonel Lum, on its veteran furlough of thirty days, arriving at Detroit March 11th, 1804, three hundred and ninety-five having re-enlisted, at the exi)iiation of wiiich time it reassL-mbled at Flint, whence, on the ^Oth of April, it again left for the front. The regiment arrived at Cliattanooga May 11th, and on the following dav left -thereto participate in the Georgia campaign. It arrived at Kesaca on the 15th. Marching on the 16th for Ivome, it arrived in front of that place on tiie 17th, and on the 18th partici})ated in its capture. On the 28tli it took position in front of the rebel lines at Dallas. June 1st the regimeni moved to the left toward Lost Mountain, and after several changes of jiosition reached the base of Kenesaw Mountain on the lOth. On the '■illh of June it acteii in the reserve of a column that cliarged tiie rebel lines with loss, including among the killed Captain Bradford Uook. Li that affair it was serving in the 14ih corps, 1st brigade, of General Davis's division, which is noticed in the Annual Cyclopedia, 1864, as follows : 308 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. " For the second and more important attack, portions of General Newton's division of the 4th corps, and of General Davis's of the 14th corps, were selected. At a given signal the troops rushed forward with buoyant courage, charged up the lace of the mountain amidst a murderous fire from a powerful battery on the summit and through two lines of abatis, carried a luie of rifle-pits beyond, and reached the works. The colors of Several regiments were planted before the latter and some of the men succeeded in mountuig the ramparts, but the deaths of Generals Wagner and Harker, and the wounding of General ^IcCook, the destructive fire of both musketry and artillery, and the difficulty of deploy- ing such long columns under such lire, rendered it necessary to recall the men. General Newton's troops returned to their original hne, while General Davis's 2d brigade threw up works between those they had carried and the main line of the enemy, and there- remained. " Its casualties during the month of June were two killed and died of wounds, and twelve wounded. On the 3d of July the regiment marched in pursuit of the enemy, who had evacuated the position at Kenesaw Mountain and on the l?th crossed the Chattahoochee river. On the 19th it advanced to near Duraut's Mill, on Peach Tree creek, where it took part in the actions of that date, and of the day following. Here Lieutenant Kichard Teal was killed, and Lieutenant Willing and 17 men wounded. On the 21st it participated in a reconnoissance toward Atlanta, and on the 22d had position in front of that place, on the right of our lines. With the exception of the reconnoissance to Sandtown, on the 28th, the regiment remained in front of Atlanta during the remainder of July. Its casualties during the month were four killed and eighteen wounded. While on a reconnoissance on the 29th, it encountered the enemy and captured a number of guns, horses, etc. Being cut off by the rebels, it was obliged to return by a circuitous route, in which it succeeded without loss. It was engaged at Sand town Road August 14th, at Eed Oak Turnout on the 27tl), and at Kouch and Ready on the 30tli. On the 30th the regiment, then commanded by Major H. S. Burnett, Colonel Lum being in command of brigade, participated in the movement toward Jonesboro, and on September let took part in the battle at that place. In the afternoon the regiment moved up as support to a charging column which became broken, when it quickly marched forward, taking its place in line, charging and taking the enemy's works and capturing 4UU prisoners and a stand of colors. Its loss in the engagement was 3U killed and 47 wrunded ; among the former was Major Burnett and Lieutenant John Knox, and Captain H. H. Nimras, mortally woundcil. A corruspondcnt of the Cincinnati Commercial wiiting from the field at the time says of the brigade coniinauded by Colonel Luui ab Jonesboro: "The brigade commanded formerly by General Morgan, composed of Michigan, Illinois, and Kcw Yoik troops, covered itself with glory, but lost many superior officers and gallant privati's. Among the regiments are the luth and the 14Lh Michigan, 16th and 60th Illinois, ami 17th N(;w York, all of which are veteran regiments, who never gave an inch under the rain oi grape, canister, and shrapnel Irom a battery at close quarters in their front, a part of wiiicli il I'V asbibted in capturing when they stormed the works and bayoneted quite a number oi General Pat Claiborne's division when they refused to surrender. The charge of the loth Miciiigan and 17th New York was particularly gallant, the former losing Major Burnett, the latter the fearless Colonel Grower, who was down early in the fight, wounded mortally, from which ho died. It was to Captain Dunjjhy of the 10th Michigan and the men of tilts brigade that Colonel Lee of the '2d Kentucky (rebel) and the commanding officer of fifty men, and the regimental colors of the Gth Kentucky, surrcnidered their command with u very bad grace indeed. '1 ho brigade carried three lines of works on their front." On the .Sill the regiment, in conn and of Captain Win. 11. Dunphy, Colonel Lum being m command of the biigade, reached Atlanta and went into camp MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 309 near that place. On the 28th it moved by rail via Chattanoo£ra, Steven- son, Huntsville, Athens, and Florence, Ala., skirmishing with the enemy at the latter place, where it arrived on the 6th of October. Returning to Athens on the 12th, it proceeded thence to Chattanooga, where it remained from the loth to the 18th. On October olst, the 10th, again in command of Colonel Luni, was at Eome, Ga., and belonged to the 1st brigade, 2d division, l4th corps. The regiment broke camp Nov. ]8t, and marched via Kingston and Cartersville to Atlanta, arriving at that place on the IGth, having destroyed railroads and bridges the entire distance. Moving with General Sherman's army on the Savannah campaign, on the 26th the regiment had a slight skirmish with the enemy at Sandersville, and without loss drove him from the field, and on the 31st three ci)mpanies while on picket at Louisville were attacked by a superior force of rebel cavalry, and after a heavy fight the enemy was repulsed, leav- ing his dead and wounded on the field. Arriving in front of Savannah, Dec. 11th, the regiment threw up works for protection against the incessant fire of the enemy, and upon the evacuation of that place on the 21st it was ordered into the city and remaining there until January 20th, 1865, it moved with the army in the direction of Sister's Ferry, where it arrived on the 2Sth, then crossing the Savannah river February 6th the march through the Carolinas was commenced on the 8th. The regiment became engaged with the enemy March 11th at Fayetteville, and on the 12th it crossed Cape Fear river, skir- mishing with the enemy at Averysboro, and on the 16th was again engaged at the same place, losing three men killed and several wounded. Moving in advance of its corps on the 18th, six companies being deployed as skirmishers, the enemy was reached about noon and a severe skirmish ensued, when the regiment was ordered to take position at the junction of the Smithfield and Goldsboro roads. During the night it was attacked, but succeeded in repulsing the enemy and holding its position until relieved by the 20th corps at noon on the lyth, when it was ordered and moved rapidly forward in the direction of Bentonville, accomplishing a distance of five miles in less than an hour, when works of defense in two lines were hastily thrown up of dead tim- ber. The first line was occupied by Lieutenant Colonel Grummond, com- manding the 14:th Michigan and 17th New York, the second line by the 10th Michigan, 16th and GOih Illinois under Colonel Lum, the 60th thrown out as pickets and skirmishers. About 4 P. M. the skirmishers were driven in by a heavy mass of the enemy advancing steadily, firing occasional shots. He was allowed to approach within a short distance of the works when a well directed and heavy fire was opened on him, checking his advance, and before he could recover from its effect Grummond with his command leaped the woiks and charged with the bayonet, being immediately supported by Lum's command. But a few minutes had elapsed when the enemy were discovered coming in ou the left, having broken through the lines of the 1st division and coming in in such masses to the rear that the Michigan lines were forced to ehift position and occupy the reverse side of the works. Rapid firing was again opened on the enemy, but finding that ammunition was nearly exhausted and the situa- tion becoming desperate and critical, the only hope of success was a charge with the bayonet, which was accomplished in the most gallant manner, and the enemy was completely routed and driven from the field, followed by almost Xhe last round of cartridges of the 10th. The loss of the regiment was 14 wounded, two mortally, and two captured, 310 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. while the rebels lost heavily in killed and wounded, both by shot and bayonet,, together with large numbers of prisoners, arms, and several stands of colors. On the !iOth the regiment skirmished with the enemy during the entire day and night, and the 2ist marched towards Kaleigh. Reaching Goldsboro on the 23d, it moved in the direction of Eichmond April 13th, arriving at that point May 7th. A correspondent writes: " From the battle lines of Sherman's Army as they confront the enemy in the defenses of Savannah do we send kind greetings to our friends at home. " We have had a long and toilsome march to reach this point, but our ardor is not one whit abated, nor our willingness to do and suffer in the cause of the Union any the less. Our triumphant march through the heart of the Confederacy has revealed the truth of the assertion that the last man is now in the Confederate army which they can get. What few old men and boys were remaining at home fled before us, and not even a small force could be collected to attempt a check to our progress until Wheeler and his cavalry met us at Sandersville, and tried to stop us, but his force was as chaff before the whirlwind. Nothing checked us until we arrived at this point, four miles from Savannah. And now if our friends will take their charts and foUow me they may know where we have been wandering since we ' weighed anchor,' and, destroying our own ' cracker Une,' launched out on one of the most bold and daring expeditions ever undertaken, and which has been attended with the most signal success. "It will be remembered that our corps (14th) had just completed a very tedious and most laborious campaign in northern Alabama, and were returning towards Lafayette, Home, and Kingston, when we received orders at Kingston, November 8th, that they were to take part in the great raid which we have just completed. From Kingston we marched to Cartersville and rested a few days, and on the morning of the 13th marched towards Atlanta, which we reached at noon on the 16th, having totally destroyed all the railroads from Cartersville, by burning the ties and bending and twisting the rails. Our method of destroying railroads may be briefly told by saying: we first wrench the rails from the ties, then piling the ties together add as many fence rails or boards as are necessary to make them burn well, and p cing the rails on the pile in such a way that they will soon become red-hot, we finish the work by twisting and bending them so that they can never be used again. But I digress. We found Atlanta in flames in many places when we arrived, and in less than twelve hours it was a mass of smouldering ruins. Our clothing came near being consumed before we could take it from the storehouses, where it had been waiting our arrival, and a portion of our rations were consumed, so that we had only about seven days' rations of bread in our train to start with. At noon of the 16th we marched from Atlanta and followed along the line of the Augusta railroad, passing through Decatur, Litht)nia, and Covington, destroying the railroad. From this point we marched to Mil- ledgeville, passing within four miles of Eatonton. Arrived at Milledgeville November 24th, and found the 2Uth army corps had reached there a day or two previous. Wo crossed the Oconee river here and marched towards Sandersville, which we reached sim- ultaneously with the 20th army corps on the morning of November 26th. It was here that we first encountered Wheeler's cavalry; but the rebels never left a town quicker than they and most of the inhabitants fled, leaving all their property to the mercy of 'Yankee raiders.' The town was pretty thorousrhly cleaned out, and our haversacks thi-reby well stocked. It was but a few minutes after our arrival before some of the pub- lic buildings took fire, and our troops did not seem to make any efforts to extinguish the flames. From Sandersville our line of march was directly towards Augusta, until we crossed the Ogoechee at Tenn's Bridge, when we moved to Louisville. We were hindered from entering the town some three hours by the rebels having burned the bridge across Kooky Comfort creek. This town shared a severe fate from plundering and fire. From Loui.sville our course was nearly E. S. E. to within three miles of Millen, on the Georgia Ceiitnil railroad, although we made some crooked marching to get there,— for what rea- Bon I eaiiMot say, unless to deceive Wheeler as to our real destination. We then crossed the Augusta and Savannah railroad at Station No. 1, north of Millen. This railroad, I undorstaiul, was burn«id as far north as Waynesboro. The depot at Station No. 1, as w»!ll as Um railroad, was burning as we passed. Our course was then quite direct toward the Savannah rivcir until we struck what is known as the ' Old River Road,' passing belwtn-n Jacksonljoro and Sylvania. This road we had been informed by the darkies was obstructed by the frlling of timber in all the swamps, and the destroying of bridges across the creeks. We found this to be true, but our marches were so regulated that we reached the principal swamps at night, and our pioneer force cut the timber out and constructed bridges during the night, so that the next morning we were ready to move on. The I MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 311 largest of the streams had to be ' pontooned,' but Sherman had his pontoons and pon- toonei's along, as well as all other needful parts of his army, and a few hours sufficed to bridge any stream. At Ebenezer creeli the rebels tried to frighten us by shelling us from the river, on which they had some young gunboats, but did not hurt us or hinder our progress at all. They repeated the experiment at other points, but without success, although we were a great shai-e of the time within less than artillery shot of the river after we struck the river road, which we followed until we came to where the rebs had said 'no further,' which is four miles from the city. After reaching this point, or nearly to it, we left the river road and moved to the rigiit, recrossing the Charleston and Savannah railroad (which, by the way, we struck and crossed some five miles farther out), and the Georgia Central railroad, and drew up in line of battle before Savannah, between the Georgia Central railroad and the Savannah, Albany, and Gulf railroad, some four miles from town. Fourteen miles out from the city we found a battery planted, which annoyed and hindered us some, but as we halted at night in front of it, and the 20th army corps was somewhere on the right, they seemed to think it best not to let dayUght find them there, and nest morning all was clear. The works were well constructed and were extended completely about the battery, so as to be capable of defense from all sides, and were pierced for six guns. " We reached this point (Savannah) December 11th, at a little past noon, since which time we have had but one-third rations of anything save meat, but we have had a good supply of beef and have nearly lived on it. This is quite a contrast to our living on the raid, for although we drew only three days' rations on the whole trip, we were ordered to forage for subsistence and found a plentiful supply of all that was needful to feed us well. In fact we would like to ' raid it ' all the time as far as living is concerned, could we pass through as rich a country as central and southern Georgia. Nor were eatables all that we found in this rich part of the Confederacy. Millions of dollars worth of cotton ' fell victim' to Yankee fire brands, and a large number of mills, cotton gins, presses, and other manu- facturing establishments were buraed. Hundreds of mules and horses were taken from the rich planters, which were all they had to till their lands with. "The people were many of them very much frightened, and had buried fine clothes, silver plate, money, and other treasures, but it was a miracle if anytliing escaped our Yankee inquisitiveness. Quantities of flour and meal were found hidden miles from main roads in deep swamps, but it w^s but a small part of our living which came from flour and meal. Sweet potatoes, which we found by hundreds of bushels close beside the road, and fresh pork and poultry, of which there was an abundance, formed the greater share of it. Most of the way we found plenty of water, but after striking the river road most of the water was only such as we found in the cypress swamps and had a strong, unpleasant taste and a deep, dark color, and in some instances was almost black. The streams, too, were of the same quality, but it did not appear to have a bad effect upon our health. The health of the regiment is fine, and has been all the way, and as our ' cracker line ' is now open we shall soon have plenty of rations. Our confidence in General Sherman is un- bounded, and we wait only to receive his orders and we are sure what we undertake will succeed. Our loss has been slight in this move ; a few men picked off while foraging. "We have not a fist prepared now of losses, but will send one with our next. The whole distance marched since leaving Atlanta is 280 miles (in 23 days) ; we lay still but three days (I speak now of the march of our regiment alone; other parts of the corps may have halted more or less than ourselves). We received a mail on the 17th, and it was hailed with joy, for it brought us not only news from home but the first news wo had received from election. Little Mac stock is repudiated and his party representatives are ' mum,' but all the ' Johnnies ' we meet hurrah for Little Mac. I came near forgetting to mention a httle brush we had with Wheeler's cavalrj' at Louisville. We lay still two days here, and the rebels bothered foraging parties very much by attacking them at every point and capturing what they could. November 30th a detail was on picket from our regiment, and in tlie afternoon our foragers came rushing in with the rebel cavaiiy charging after them. Sueh a panic was there among the foragers, and so heedless were the rebels that tney did not see our pickets until close upon them, and the pickets dare not fire until the rebels were close by for fear of wounding our own men. As soon as the rebs came close enough a well delivered fire unhorsed several of them and sent them rolling on the ground, and the rest retreated as fast as they could. Two privates and one lieutenant were killed, and one private mortally wounded. The worst of the charge came against Company E, who halted them as described above. None of our men were harmed on the fine ; some foragei s were captured and killed outside. After the repulse of the rebs, Captain Dunphy, who was in charge of the picket line, took twenty men and pressed the rebs so hard that they had to abandon some government wagons which they had captured. Ou the 10th May, 1865, the regiuieut, iii coiumuud of Liouicuuut Colonel dl'Z MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Dunphy, who had been commissioned to rank from February 34th, marched towards Washington, D. C, and reaching there participated in the grand review of General Sherman's army on the 24tli, and on the 13th of June, in command of Colonel Dunphy, who had been promoted to the coloiuelcy to rank from June 7th, moved to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out of service July 19Lh and ordered to Jackson Mich., arriving there on the '-i^d. On the 1st of August it was paid off and disbanded. The 10th during service had been engaged at Farmington, Miss., May 9, 1862; siege of Corinth, Miss., May 10 to '61, 1862; Boonville, Miss., June 1, 1862; Nashville, Tenn., November 5, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., Ucceniber 29 and 31, 1862, and January 2 and 3, 1863; Lavergne, Tenn., January 25, 1863; Antioch, Tenn., April 10, 1863; Mission Ridge, Ga., November 24, 1863; Ohickamauga, Ga., November 26, 1863; Ringgold, Tenn., November 27, 1863; Buzzard's Roost, Ga., February 25, 1864; Resaca, Ga., May 10, 1864; Rome, Ga., May 18, 1864; Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864; Chattahoochee River, Ga., July 6, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July L9, 1864; Durraut's Mill, Ga., July 20 and 21, 1864; Sandtown Road, Ga., August 14, 1864; Red Oak Turnout, Ga., August 27, J864; Rough and Ready, Ga., August 30, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., August 7, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, lb64; Florence, Ala., October 6, 1864; Louisville, Ga. November 30, 1864; S ivan- nah, Ga., December 11 to 21, 1864; Averysboro, N. C, March 16, 1865; Smithfield Roads, N. 0., March 18, 1865; Bentonville, N. C, March 19 and 20, 1865. The regiment had carried on its rolls 1,788 officers and men during its term of service, and its losses were in all 299, being four officers 55 men killed in action, three officers 26 men died of wounds, two officers and 209 men died of disease. "Period of honor as of woes, What bright careers 'twas thine to close." Note. — A captain of this regiment not brooiiing the secrecy usually attending military operations in tlie field, and being strongly imbued with the inquisitiveness so peculiar to the genuine Yanliee, resigned his commission in 1862 and returned to the State disgusted with the service because he could not be informed from headquarters as to the iuteut of all reconnoissances and movements of his regiment. ELEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " For God and our country we'll flght till we die I Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars, And the glory of death for the stripes and stars!" The raising of the 11th Eegiment was given by the Secretary of "War to Colonel William J. May, of White Pigeon, but met with some just opposition at the time from the Governor, who did not approve of the interference of the War Department with that which he considered was made solely the duty of the Governors of the States, and which that department before long recog- nized and decided that the whole matter of raising regiments was vested in the giment that had been in the field but two weeks, and fully one-half unlit for duty by disease, besides not bemg properly organized with the wliole com- mand for defense. We were as a regiment engaged both days of the light, which cannot be said of many of the regiments, not only of Prentiss, but other divisions of the whole command. My recollection is, that we lost 226 in killed, wounded, and missing. "The second morning of the battle I found myself in command of what there was left -of the regiment, many having been scattered during the series of retreats the previous •day, but our division as an organization was broken entirely, — Colonel Peabody killed, — 326 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and I advanced from the landing and asked permission to join my regiment (about 200 all' told), of Colonel Tuttle's brigade. I joined the right of Colonel Crocker's regiment^ where we remained, often warmly engaged, till the enemy retreated." < Pollaid Siiys of the commencement of the fight at Shiloh : ^ " In the early dawn of Sunday, the 6th of April, the magnificent array was moving forward for deadly conflict, passing easily through the thin ranks of tall forest trees which afforded open views on every side. But the enemy scarcely gave time to discuss the question of attack, for soon after dawn he commenced a rapid musketry fii-e on the Con- federate pickets." A writer says of the scene at Pittsburg Landing on the night of General Buell's advance to the re-enforcement of General Grant: " Through the night the shells from the gunboats crashed along the rebellines. So destructive was the fire that Beauregard was obUged to fall back from the position he had won by such sacrifice of human life. There was activity at the landing. The steamers went to Savaimah, took on board McCook's and Crittenden's divisions of Buell's array and transported them to Pittsburg. Few words were spoken as they marched up the hill in the darkness, with the thousands of wounded on either hand, but there were many silent thanksgivings that they had come. The wearied soldiers lay down in battle line to broken sleep, with their loaded guns beside them. The sentinels stood like statues of death, watching and waiting for the morning. " The battle cloud hung like a pall above the forest, the gloom and darkness deepened, the stars, which had looked calmly down from the depths of heaven, withdrew from the scene, — a horrible scene, for the exploding shells had set the forest on fire. The flames consumed the withered leaves and twigs of the thickets and crept up to the helpless wounded, to friend and foe alike. There was no hand but God's to save them. He heard their cries and groans. The rain came, extinguishing the flames; it drenched the men in arms awaiting for daybreak to come to renew the strife, but there were hundreds of wounded parched with fever, restless with pain, who thanked God for the rain." During April and May following the regiment remained at Pittsburg Land- ing, and in June and July it was at Jackson, Tenn. In August it was sta- tioned at Bolivar, Tenn. The 12th, in command of Colonel Graves, was on picket duty near the field of action at luka on September 2d, and was in the battle of Metaniora, on the Hatchie river, October 5th, with loss, and was com{)limented in the report of General Hurlburt, commanding, for efficiency and bravery in the action. The loss of the regiment since it entered the ser- vice was 20 killed in action, 92 wounded, 21 died of wounds, and 106 died of disease. Moving from Bolivar, Tenn., on the 4th of November, 18G2, this regiment was occupied until May 31st, 1863, rn guarding the Mississippi Central rail- road, from Hickory Valley to near Bolivar,, with its headquarters at Middle- burg, Tenn. On the 24th of December, 115 men of the 12th being in a block house in Middleburg, under command of the colonel, a large force of Van Dorn's rebel cavalry, said to number 3,000, surrounded tliem and demanded tl)eir surrender. This being refused, a severe engagement ensued, and after ineffectual efforts for n)ore than two hours to carry the defenses, the enemy withdrew, leaving nine killed and eleven wounded on the field. Fifteen rebel prisoners, among them ten officers, were captured. The 12th lost six wounded, only one of Liiem severely, and thirteen prisoners, most of whom were captured while on |)ieket on the railroad. In general orders published from the head- (juarlers of (Jeneral Grant, the 12th and other regiments that had successfully P. M. the same day the march was resumed, reaching Tautallau Station, ai the foot of the Cumberland Mountains, when the command again bivouacked on the morning of September 2d. The march commenced across thei moun- tains with six pieces of artillery over a road so bad that it had not been traveled by wagons in eight years. On arriving at Cowan, at the foot of the mountains, the 10th Wisconsin and artillery were out of sight. Colonel Shoe- maker sent forward instructions for them to halt until he could close up with the 13th Michigan, and received back information that General Smith had left Dechard and given orders for them to march forward without delay, day and night, until they joined him, and that they should not wait for Colonel Shoemaker and balance of the command. After a short halt at Dechard Colonel Shoemaker continued his march and pressed forward as rapidly as possible, arriving at Tullnhoma about midnight of September 2d, where he joined General Smith with his division, having marched thirty-six miles during the day and part of the night. General Smith said to Colonel Shoemaker when he reported to him that he had given him and his command up as captured, expressing himself as highly pleased with his judicious management, courage, and successful movements under most trying circumstances. Next morning General Smith with his whole command commenced the movement on Nashville, and by forced marches reached it on Saturday morning, September 6th, at 2 A. M. Colonel Shoemaker and his com- mand had been continuously on the march day and night with but one or two short intervals from August 28th to September 6th, and during the time very short of provisions. The regiment joined in the pursuit of Bragg's army through Kentucky and Tennessee in October following, and in the early part of November was sta- tioned near Silver Springs, Tennessee, forming part of the army under General Rosecrans. On the 10th of November this regiment marched from Silver Springs, Ten- nessee, and formed part of the force that drove the enemy from Lebanon. Proceeding to Nashville, it was then engaged in guarding forage trains and on picket duty from the 25th of November to the 2Gth of December, when it marched with the army under General Rosecrans on Murfreesboro, and belonged to the 3d brigade, 1st division (Wood's), Thomas's corps. It was deployed as skirmishers, on the 2'Jth, in the advance, and suffered some loss. It partici- pated in the bloody engagements at Stone river on the 30th and 31st of Decem- ber, and 1st, 2d, and 3d of January, the regiment going into action with 224 muskets, and losing out of this jiumber 25 killed or died of wounds, 62 wounded, including Captain Clement C. Webb mortally, and 8 missing. On the 3jst of December it recaptured, by a bayonet charge, two guns which had fallen into the hands of the enemy. The 13th formed a part of the 3d brigade, 1st division, left wing in command of Major General Thomas Crittenden. The brigade was commanded by Colo- nel Charles G. Harker, 65th Ohio, composed of the 51st Indiana, Culonel A. S. Straight; 73d Indiana, Colonel C. Hathaway; 64th Ohio, Colonel 1. Fergu- son; 65Lh Ohio, Lieutenant Colonel Young; together with the 6th Ohio bat- tery, Captum Cullcn S. Bradley. On the 26th of December, 1862, the army of the Cumberland, under Rose- crans, broke camp near Nashville, moving towards Murfreesboro. The advance guard of the division to which the 13th belonged commenced skiimishing with MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 336 the enemy's outposts in the afternoon, resistinoj the arlvanee. That night the division encamped near Lavergne, and on the 27th commenced the march, the 13ili in line of battle and being consfamly engaged with the enemy, but stead- ily advancing, pushing back his pickets, who were disputing every inch of ground with infantry and a battery which took advantage of every favorable position while falling back. This continued during the entire day. The reo'i- ment encamped at Stewart's creek during the night of the 27i,h, and remained in camp next day (Sunday). Ou Monday morning, the 29th, the march was resumed to Stone river, under a continuous lire. About sunset of that day the regiment crossed the river, being in advance and on the left of the brigade. On entering the river, the enemy, occupying the opposite bank, opened fire with infantry, ttirowing a perfect shower of bullets, but with little effect, and soon •commenced falling back, and the march forward was continued. After ad- vancing some distance the brigade was directed to lie down and await orders, and lay in this position until between 9 and 10 o'clock P. M., when the enemy opened fire, pouring in volley after volley, killing and wounding some of the 13ih. About 11 o'clock that night the brigade recrossed the river and bivou- acked iu an open field, on rising ground near the river. On the 30th skir- mishing continued, the enemy again occupying tlie bank of the river from which they had been driven the night previous. The brigade did not change its position during that day. On the morning of the 31st it again crossed the river, on the right of the army. Heavy canonading and musketry had beea heard from early dawn, indicating that a desperate battle was being fought, and information had been passed along the line that it was resulting in disaeter to the right wing, which was being driven back in much confusion and with great loss. In the meantime Rosecrans had formed a new line of battle, with the center and left wing on which the right wing fell back. Soon the confederates con- centrated an attack ou the new line, and the fighting became of a most san- guinary character. The brigade was detached from Wood's division and ordered to the extreme right of the army, to meet and if possible repulse the enemy, who were mak- ing an advance which if successful threatened to be attended with most dis- astrous results. In executing this movement it was necessary to traverse nearly the entire field of b. ttlu. Notwithstanding the utter disorder and demor- alization prevailing in tliis portion of the army, the brigade steadily pursued the way through this mass of defeat and confusion and formed in line of battle iu the immediate front of the enemy and soon became hotly engaged ; the battery supporting the 13Lh opened a rapid fire, but was soon ordered to fall back iu constquence of the other regiments of the biigade passing to the rear, but soon again madu a stand, opening its guns on the enemy then advancing rapidly in force. The other regiments of the brigade having been driven back by a largely superior force, left the 13th Michigan alone with tlie batterv to contend against two brigades which had just defeated four of the other regiments, any one of which outnumbered the 13th. Colonel Marker, commanding the bri- gade, had fallen back with the retreating regiments, leaving Colonel Shoe- maker in sole command. The confederates advanced on a run, cheering and firing, the battery throwing case and canister into their ranks witli telling t effect, but was unable to check the advance, and after losing several men and eight horses, and fearing a cafjture of his battery. Colonel Bradley fell back with a loss of two guns, one of which he spiked before leaving. The 13th 336 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. now alone confronted the enemy, who were then within musket range. Col- onel Shoemaker had determined not to retreat without fighting, knowing that his regiment could be depended upon when the enemy came within short range and where every shot would tell, he opened fire upon them with most deadly effect, every shot telling to advantage. The advance of the enemy being at once checked, they retreated and took shelter behind a fence, lining it thickly with a large force, delivering a continuous line of fire into the 13th. Their fire was returned with so great precision and effect that they were held for a short time, but their line overlapping, the fire of the regiment did not cover, consequently that portion of the enemy's line not covered continued the advance, threatening to turn Shoemaker's right flank, when he retired in good order through a cedar thicket and took a new position. While in the act of forming his regiment he was joined by Colonel Barker, who, on expressing a desire that the position should be held until he could seiad reenforcements, left for that purpose. The enemy in front seeming disposed to advance, Colonel Shoemaker determined on attacking, and at once ordered a charge with a view to regaining his lost ground. His officers and men seemed confident of suc- cess and went in with a yell; as they emerged from the thicket they poured a volley into the Confederate ranks, evidently taking them by surprise. Con- fused by the bold advance and stunned by a severe fire delivered almost in their very faces, they scattered and fled without resistance, many throwing down their arms and others hiding among the rocks or behind trees, firing scatter- ing shots. The 13th, taking advantage of this confusion, pursued and drove them some distance and into the woods beyond. In this affair the regiment recaptured the two pieces taken from Captain Bradley's buttery, and took 68 prisoners. The fierceness of this combat, close proximity of the opposing forces, and the deadliness of fire is shown in the killed and wounded of the loth, which was over one-third of its entire strength, and this in a fire which did not exceed 30 minutes, the exact loss of the regiment being 35 per cent. In Captain Bradley's report, made after the battle, in mentioning his move- ments on the 31st he says: "I retired my battery and took a position five hundred yards in rear, and again opened upon tlie enemy witii case and canister, wiio were atl\'uiiciiig in force. After an engage- ment of five minutes I was compelled to retire my battery and abandon two pieces of artillery, one of which I had spiked (since removed), and sustaining a loss of one man killed, two wounded, and one missing; also, eight horses killed and three wounded. About this time Colonel yhoemaker charged the enemy with the 13th Michigan, driving them off the field and recovering the guns, and for which Colonel Shoemaker should receive full credit." Colonel Culver, then major of the regiment, says: " At the battle of Stone Eiver the 13th supported the 6th Ohio Independent Battery; and early on the morning of the memorable 31st of December, 1SIJ2, our brigade was detailed by verbal orders of General Roseci-ans and directed to go to the support of Gen- eral 11. W. Johnson, of McCook's corps, who was on the extreme right of the line, and was being forced back by overwhelming numbers of the enemy. The order was promptly executed, and while getting into position we were attacked by the advancing columns of the rebel General Hanson's division, which we stubbornly resisted for fifteen or twenty minutes, when three of the regiments of the brigade retired in disorder, leaving the 13th to protect tlie battery. Our position was in a cotton field, without protection. We fell back about 300 yards to the edge of a cedar thicket, formed on the left of the battery, and delivered such a destructive fire that an entire brigade of tke enemy were held in check for over thirty minules; but we were again compelled to retire, losing one-third of the entire regiment, ilfud or wounded, together with two guns from the battery. We re- formed again about 150 yards to the rear of the second position, and being opportunely MICHIG^ IN THE WAE. 337 supported by the gallant Slst Illinois Infantry we made a dashing charge with the bayonet, broke and routed the rebel line, recaptured the two guns, took 150 prisoners, and defeated the purposes of the enemy on this part of the Held, namely, getting possession of the Murlreesboro pike. On this field the 13th lost Captain Clement C. Webb." Uuionei 81ioeiiuiker. lu liis report of the part takeu by his regiment in that great struggie, says : " .My report of the 5th having been made in great haste, was necessarily very brief, and for the better understanding: of the movements of this regiment during the several days of battle, commencing on the 2yth and ending on the 3d instant, submit the follow- uig: In the evening of the 29th, when ordered to cross the river, we were on the left, the 61st Indiana in the center, and the 73d Indiana on the right. My regiment commenced crossing as soon as our skirmishers were fairly on the other side. The skirmishers were Company A, commanded by Lieutenant Vanarsdale, and Company F, commanded by Lieuienant James R. yiayton. They drove the enemy rapidly, the regiment following quite closely upon them. When in line in the corn-field, after receiving the third volley from the enemy, we were ordered to fix bayonets and prepai-e to receive a charge of cavalry. As my regiment was somewhat in advance of the 51st Indiana, and my right covering their left, I moved my regiment to the hjft and rear, so as to connect with the 51si Indiana, but stiD leaving my left somewhat in advance, and in such a position as would have enabled us to enfilade any force wliich might charge the center. Our posi- tion was now a very strong one, being in the edge of the woods. Here we remained until ordered to recross the river. On the Slst, being in reserve, when our brigade was placed in position on the extreme right of the army, we occupied an open field in the rear of where the 64th and 65th Regiments of Ohio Volunteers and 73d Regiment of Indiana Vohinteers were engaged with the enemy. When the battery retiied we were ordered to fall back to the position we held when the enemy advanced upon us. When they opened fire upon us the other regiments of the brigade had passed by on our right to the rear, and we did not see tliem again until after the close of the engagement. My regiment was in line during the engagement, and deUvered their fire with such precision and rapitlity tliat the whole force of the enemy was brought to a stand at the fence in our front, and held there for at least twenty minutes, when their left, which extended con- siderably beyond our right, having advanced so as to make it apparent that they would so(.)n turn my right flank, I gave the order to retire, but again formed the regiment within twelve or fifteen rods of the first line, when the enemy broke and retreated precipitately when charged by me. " The Slst Indiana advanced only to within three rods of our first line, and then threw forward skirmishers. My regiment charged past the first fine and to the right, down to near the fence, and full thirty rods in advance of our first position, overtaking and driving the enemy from the place where the guns were recaptured, which was to the right and in front of our first line of battle, to the houses in our front, and into the cornfield on a line with the houses. The artillery ceased firing a short time before we opened upon the enemy, and fell back out of sight, with all but the guns captured. The enemy broke up the guns of the dead on the first line of battle while they occupied it. A lieutenant whom we captured informed me that our fire was very destructive, and that their loss in wounded must largely exceed ours. On the 1st instant my ree:iment was exposed to a scattering fire all day, but was not actually engaged. At night we were ordered to the extreme front to protect the 6th Ohio battery, and lay on our arms all night. On the 2d inst., while supporting our battery, my regiment was exposed to a terrible fire from the artillery of the enemy, the number of guns playing upon us at one time being, as stated by Captain Bradley, eighteen. Though necessarily inactive, my regiment steadily maintained its position for over an hour, when one of our batteries commenced playing upon us from the rear. I then withdrew nij' regiment a lew rods to the left to a less exposed situation. In the afternoon we crossed Stone river with our division, and remained there douig duty both Friday and Saturday night. On Sunday mornmg we recrossed the river and bivouacked near the hospitals." Colonel Marker, command iug the brigade iu wliich the 13th was serving, in his ix'port Says ol the regiment, ;it Stone river: "The 13th Micliig;in, from their {>osition, fired upon the enemy with telling effect, and having caused his laiiks to waver, followed up the advantage with a charge, supi)orled by the olst lUmoib, wiiKli bad eoine to our reliei. lliey completely routed the enemy. The 13ih Michigan retook the two pieces of artillery abandoned by our battery, and captured 56 prisoners. For tiiis act of gallantry Colonel Shoemaker and his gallant regiment are detierviug of much praise. " 4:3 338 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Greeley, in "The American Conflict," says of the battle of Stone River: "Bradley's 6th Ohio battery at one time lost two of its guns, but they were subse- quently recaptured by the 13th Michigan." There was connected with the recapture of these guns an incident worth recording of JuUus Lillie, orderly sergeant of company E. Harlier's brigade, except the 13th Michigan, had been driven off the field with heavy loss; Bradley's 6th Ohio battery, attached to this brigade, retreated with a loss of two guns. The 13th Michigan, left alone, had nobly maintained their position until they had lost over one-third of their number and were about being surrounded. Colonel Shoemaker then ordered them to retire, but after moving them a few rods through quite a dense undergrowth, he re-formed them and ordered them to charge the advancing enemy, which they did, every man shouting and yelling lilce so many born devils. The rebels, ten times their number, not being able to see their strength for the intervening thicket, and sup- posing they had fallen into an ambuscade, broke and fled. The 13th pursued them entirely off the ground, over an open space into the woods fully half a mile from the place of the fright. The rebels fired as they retreated, but were so closely pursued they had no opportunity to form, and the 13th took over fifty prisoners besides recapturing the two guns belonging to Bradley's battery. As the regiment, every man on the full run, approached the guns, several men sprang forward to be the first to reach them, but Ser- geant Julius Lillie outstripped all competitors, and as he reached them slapped his hand on one of the guns. At that moment a shot from one of the retreating rebels struck him in the right side, and, probably from the position in which he was standing, passing along without cutting the inner coating of his intestines, came out about eight inches from its entrance, causing, of course, an ugly wound. This was on the afternoon of Wednesday, the 31st day of December, and although the regiment was under fire every hour of daylight from this time until Saturday night, and slept every night on their arms on the battlefield, yet Lillie refused to leave his command and go the hospital, but remained with his regiment during the whole period, and would only allow himself to be relieved from duty after the enemy had evacuated Murfreesboro and victory was assured to our forces." The Nashville (Tenn.) Union says: " The smoke and excitement of the late bloody but victorious battle at Stone Elver has passed away, and most of the regiments that distinguished themselves have received their meed of praise from the press, but there is one regiment which deserves more than a passing notice. We refer to the 13th Michigan Infantry, belonging to Colonel Harker's brigade, Wood's division. " Colonel Harker was ordered with his brigade from the left wing to support the right, and arrived in time to render efficient aid in checking the further progress of the rebel horde that had been so suddenly precipitated against McCook. "This brigade was at once brought into action, the 13th Michigan being one of the regiments held in reserve. The overwhelming force of the enemy brought against the advance line drove them steadily back, when two guns belonging to the 6th Ohio battery were captured by the enemy. But they did not hold them long, as the 13th, which occupied a little cedar grove, was speedily formed and rushed upon the enemy yelling like hyenas, charged them, drove Ihem from their position, retook the lost pieces of artillery and over one hundred prisoners. "In the gallant charge the regiment lost about one-third of their active members engaged, but drove back a force outnumbering them at least ten to one. "Great praise is justly due to this regiment for their unparalleled gallantry, both of officers and men, who are said to have fought like heroes during the day, and wlion night came and the roll was called, every man was 'accounted for.' They were either dead, woundt3d, or in llio ranks. There were no stragglers from tliat regiment. " The cijiuniundcr of that regiment. Colonel Shoemaker, is highly spoken of, not alone for bravery in leading his men to this gallant charge, but for the judgment and ability he displayed in the management of his men during the entire battle. " Truly, tlie State of Michigan has reason to be proud of the troops she has sent out to defend the guverinnent and the Union." Tlie ]3th Wiis |»i()niiiient among the brave regiments that breasted that fear- ful current of disaster on December 31st, wliich was sweeping away the Federal right. Its gallant services cannot be over-estimated. Fighting desperately, it aided much in turning the tide of affairs in favor of the Union army. When the roll of the regiment was called at the close of this sanguinary strife, none were missing except the dead and wounded. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 339 The regiment had lost during the year 1862, fifty-one died in action or of •wounds, sixty-six by disease, and had met the enemy at the following points: Sliiloh, Tenu., April ?; Farmington, Miss., May 9; Owl Creek, Miss., May 17; Corinth, Miss., May 27; siege of Corinth, Miss., May 10 to 31. Stevenson, Ala., August 31 ; Munt'ordsville, Ky., September 14; Perryville, Ky., October 8; Danville, Ky., October 17; Guilutin, Tenn., December 5; Mill Creek, Tenn., December 15; Lavergne, Tenn., December 27; Stewart's creek, Tenn., Decem- ber 29; Stone river, Tenn., December 29, 31, and January 2, 3, 18(33. After the occupation of Murfreesboro the regiment was engaged in building fortifications at that place, and in scouting until the 24th of June, when in command of Colonel J. B. Culver, it advanced with the army on Tallahoma, being in the 1st brigade, 1st division, 20th corps, and after the evacuation of that place by the enemy under Bragg, followed in pursuit as far as Pclham, at the bai^e of the Cumberland mountains, whence it returned to Ilillsboro, Ten- nessee, and went into camp at that place. It left Hillsboro on the 16th of August, when the army advanced into Georgia. On the 20th the regiment, with its division, arrived in the valley of the Sequacheo, after a march of sixty miles over the Cumberland mountains. Two days had been occupied in reach- ing the summit of the mountains, wliich here rise to the height of 3,000feet, the roads being so steep and difficult that the guns, baggage, and ammunition trains had to be hauled up by liand. The division, having crossed the Tennes- ■see at Shell Mound, moved on Chattanooga, and on the morning of the 8th of September tliat town was taken, the 13tli being among the first to enter the ■city. It participated in the engagements of the i9th and 20th of September at ■Chickamauga, where going into tiie action with 217 officers and men, it lost in killed 14, wounded 68 (of whom 11 died), and 25 missing — total loss 107. Among the killed were Captains Daniel B. Hosmer, Clark D. Fox, and Lieu- tenant Cliarles D. iiall. Colonel Culver in his report says: "On the afternoon of the 18th the regiment was ordered to deploy as skirmishers along the Chickamauga to the light of Lee and Gordon's Mills, where we were warmly engaged by the enemy s skirmishers who were su|)i)oited by a section of artillery. We held this position until about 12 M., when we were recalled to join our brigade and division that had been moved about one mile to the left of Lee and Gordon's Mills. We executed the movement on the dcjuble-quick, with the thermometer 90° above. The battle was raging furiously on our front and Hank; we foimed our lines under the enemy's lire, and were immediately ordered to charge the exultant rebels who were forcing back a part of the brigade. The cliargc was executed in a handsome manner, and checked their advance, but at a fearful sacrilice of life, and notwithstanding the enemy made beverai determined efforts to dislodge us, we held the position until night." During the month of October, 1863, the regiment was on duty in the trenches before Chattanooga. It had lost during the year 51 died m action or of wounds, 66 died of disease, and had met the enemy at Eagleville, Tenn., January 20; Pelliam, Tenn, July 2; Lookout Valley, Tenn., September 7; Lookout Moun- tain, Tenn., September 10; Chickamauga, Tenn., Se[)tember 12, 18. and 19; Chaitanooga, Tenn., October 6; Mission Kidge, Tenn., November 26. On the oth of November, the regiment, witli the 21st and 22d Michigan Inl'aiitry, and the ISlIi Oliio Infimtry, was organized into a Brigade of Engi- neers, and assigned to duty at Chattanooga, being attached to tlie headquarters of the Depaitnient of the Cumberland. The regiment participated, on the 22d, 24tli, and 25th, in the battle of Chattanooga (or Mission Kidge). During themonthsof December and January, 1864, it was stationed on the Chickamauga, 340 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. engaged in picket duty and cutting logs for building warehouses at Chattanooga. Having reenlisted 173 on the 17th January, it became a veteran regiment, and received orders on the 5th of February to proceed to Michigan, and on the 12th arrived at Kalamazoo. Its members here received a furlough for thirty days, at the expiration of which the regiment again went into rendezvous, and on the 26th took its departure for the field, having received, while in the State, over 400 recruits. It arrived at Chattanooga on the 20th of April, and during the following months of May, June, July, August, and until the 25th of Septem- ber, it was stationed on Lookout Mountain, engaged in the construction of military hospitals. On the latter date the regiment was relieved from duty as engineers, and was assigned to the 2d brigade, 1st division, 14th corps, but before joining its brigade, participated in the pursuit of the rebels under For- rest and Kuddy, in North Alabama. Keturning to Chattanooga on the 17th of October, it remained there a few days, and thence proceeded to join its brigade, which it reached at Eome, Ga., on 1st of November, 1864, and on the 3d was at Tilton, when, in command of Major \V. G. Eaton, it received orders to pro- ceed to Rome, where it remained until the 7th, when it joined the army of Gen- eral Sherman at Kingston, and was assigned to 2d brigade, 1st division, 14th corps, and formed a part of the general army that "marched down to the sea." The regiment, with its brigade, reached Savannah on the 16th of December, and was on duty in the trenches before that city until the 21st, when the enemy evacuated the place. On January 17th, 1865, the regiment moved forward with the aiiny on the march through the Oarolinas, and was engaged at Catawba River, S. C, February 28th, and at Averysboro, N. C, March 16th, and again at Bentonville on the 19th, where it fought the enemy the entire day, sustaining a loss of one hundred and ten killed, wounded, and missing. Among the killed was its commanding officer. Colonel W. G. Eaton, who had been commissioned Colonel to rank from February 23d. After the death of Colonel Eaton Colonel Culver was recom missioned and assumed command of the regiment retaining it until its muster out. Pending the negotiations attending the surrender of Johnson's army the regiment was stationed on the Cape Fear river, twenty-six miles south of Riri- eigh, and on the 30th of April it started with the army homeward, reaching Richmond on the 7th of May, and Washington on the 19th, and on the 24th jjartieipated in the grand review of General Sherman's Army at the National Capital. The regiment remained in camp near Washington until the 9th of June, when, in command of Colonel Culver, it proceeded via Baltimore & Ohio Jiaihciad to Louisville, Ky,, arriving there on the 15th. It was mustered out of service on the 25th of July, and on the 27Lh arrived at Jackson, Michigan, wheie it was paid off and disbanded. The engagements of the 13th were at Shiloh, Tenn., April 7, 1862; Far- mington, Mi.-s., May 9, 1862; Owl Creek, Miss., May 17, 1862; Corinth, Miss., May 27, 1862; siege of Coiinih, Miss., May 10 to 31, 1862; Stevenson, Ala., August 31, 1862; Munfordsville, Ky., September 14, 1862; Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; Danville, Ky., October 17, 1862; Gallatin, Tenn., Decem- ber 5, ^862; Mill Creek, Tenn., December 15, 1862; Lavergue, Tenu., De- cember 27, 1862; Stewart's Creik, Tenn., December 29, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 29, 31, 1862, January 2, 3, 1863; Eagleville, Tenn., Jan- uary 20, 1863; Pelliam, Tenn., July 2, 1863; Lookout Valley, Tenn., Sep- tember 7, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tenn., September 10, 1863; Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 12, 18, 19, 1863; Chattanooga, Tenn., October 6, 1863; MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 341 Mission Kidge, Tenn., November 26, 1863; Florence, Ala., October 8, 1864; Savannah, Ga., December 17, 18, 20, 21. 18G4; Catawba River, S. C, Feb- ruary 28, 1865; Averysboro, N. C, March IG, 1865; Bentonville, N. 0., March 19, 1865. The regiment had borne on its rolls 2,084, and had lost 390, being made up as follows: Killed in action, 3 officers and 40 men; 1 oflicer aud 30 men died of wounds, aud 2 officers and 314 men of disease. ' Oft may the tear the ^reen sod steep. And sacred be the heroes' sleep, Till time shall cease to run." FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " We will rally for our country, And for human freedom, too; And bravely meet the traitors, 'Neath the old Eed, White, and Blue." The 14th Regiment was organized and rendezvoused at Ypsilanti, under the- direction of Colonel Robert P. Sinclair, of Grand Rapids. The muster in of the regiment was accomplished ou the 13th of February, 1863, having on its rolls 925 oflScers and men. FIELD AND STAFF. Robert P. Sinclair, Colonel, Grand Kapids. Eobert W. Davis, Lieutenant Colonel,. Pontiac. M. W. Quackenbush, Major, Owosso. Edward Batwell, Sui^re'on, Detroit. Frederick W. Sparling, Assistant Surgeon, Detroit. David B. Harbaugh, Adjutant, Detroit. William M. Ferry, Jr., Quartermaster, Grand Haven. Thomas B. Dooley, Chaplain, Corunna. A. Captain, Morgan L. Gage, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Joseph Schefnicker,. Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, John C. Lind, East Saginaw. B. Captain, Thomas 0. Fitzgibbon, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Patrick Walsh, Grand' Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Nicholas Devereaux, Marshall. C. Captain, James Mackey, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Arthur E. Magill, Grand- Bapids. Second Lieutenant, John Van Stan, Detroit. D. Captain, James J. Jeffries, Lansijig. First Lieutenant, Gillman J. McCIintock, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, Cyrus F. Jackson, Owosso. E. Captain, Alpheus M. Beebe, Lansing. First Lieutenant, C. C. Goodale, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, Daniel Wait, Owosso. F. Captain, Edward S. Nixon, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Casper Ernst, Nunica. Second Lieutenant, Calvin C. Porter, Grand Rapids. G. Captain, John L. Donnelly, Monroe. First Lieutenant, John T. Donahugh, . Second Lieutenant, Charles R. Bush, Lansing. H. Captain. Richard Beahan, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, Thomas Higgins, Detroit^ Second Lieutenant, Campbell Montgomery, Detroit. I. Captain, Frank Powell, Pontiac. First Lieutenant, John P. Foster, Pontiac. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Alfred A. Paiker, Pontiac. K. Cai)tain. John Kelley, St. Jolins. First Lieutenant, Charles B. Rose, Westphalia. Second Lieutenant, Tobias J. Sherlock, Detroit. The ladies of Ypsilanti gave a flag to the regiment a short time before it left the State. On one side a figure of Justice, by its side an esigle holding in its beak an American flag, the folds of which were gracefully tlirown around the figure. On a scroll is written in gold letters, " We cauie not to war on opinions, but to suppress treason." The affair occurred at a review of the regiment by Governor Blair and staff. Professor J. M. B. Sill, on behalf of the ladies, in a characteristic speech, delivered the flag, to which Colouel Robert P. Sinclair made au appropriate MICHIGAN IN THE AVAE. 843 re))ly. In 1864 it was returned to the ladies by a coniuiittee of officers selected by the regiment for that purpose. The I4th, in command of Colonel Sinclair, moved from Ypsilanti on the 17lh of April following, having been detained in the State on account of delay by the U. S. in payment of the regiment. It was ordered to the Western Aimy, and took up its line of march via St. Louis, joining the army at Pittsburg Landing soon after the engagement at that point. It was in General Pope's army in the advance on Corinth, Sliss., and during part of April and the entire month of Alay participated in the siege of that place, and on May 9th was engaged wiih the enemy at Faruiington. Camp Farmington, Miss., | May IIUi, 1862. \ Colonel R. P. Sinclair: I deem it no breach of military etiquette or discipline, that I cnll to your notice a brave and gallant officer of your comiDJinci. My excuse therefore is, that having lought on the 9th of May detached from his comujand, with the eye of no superior officer of your com- mand upon him to give him credit due his courage and ability. I refer to captain Thomas C. Fitzgibbon, Company B, Hth Michigan Infautiy. Near the close of the fight on the 9th inst., in an hour of severe trial, he fought his way to our lines and reported to me for orders. He had his company perfectly under control, cool and in good order, showing them brave men relying with confidence on a brave officer. Approachuig us he said he " wished to Jig ht as long a.s any man fought," asking to be assigned to position. His courage and self-control in that trj ii.g s-ci ne I refer to was splendidand won my heart. Yery respectfully, JOHN MASON LOOMIS, Col. commanding '26ih Ills. Injantry. Camp near Farmington, Miss., | May JtJlh, 2862. ] Colonel Loomis, of the 26th Illinois regiment, having reported to me the gallant con- duct of Captain Tin. mas the honor respectfully to submit the following facts: The 14th Michigan Infantry was detached from its brigade and ordered to Franklin, Tenn., then an outpost, in July, 18(53. Having no cavalry at my disposal, and the character of my duties requiring continual scouting throughout the surroundinj; country, I was ordered by Major General Gordon Granger to mount my regiment from the enemy's country, which I did completely, cap- 44 346 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR turing some seven hundred horses, supplying my ambulances with horses without draw- ing one from the Government. I likewise secured many of the mules for my train, besides sending a large number of horses and mules to the quartermasters at Nashville. I was furnished by Genei'al Granger with complete cavalry equipments and revolvers, and in part with Spencer rifles. On the 5th of September following I was furnished with a section of artillery and ordered to extend my command to Columbia, twenty-thrSe miles farther south, on the Alabama railway, there being none but Confederate troops between Columbia and Tennessee river. I improvised a battery organization from my regiment, supplied it with horses from the country, threw up an earthwork on an eminence in the skirt of the town, and with my regiment of five hundred men, and eighty detached men of other regiments manning the guns at Forts Granger and FrankUn, held secure both posts and the line between until March last, supplying all troops passing through Col- umbia, gathering every pound of beef and forage from the country, constructing the pon- toon and railway bridge near Columbia, scouring the country forty miles distant, ridding it of guerrillas who had threatened the destruction of the important railway bridges under my jurisdiction, and capturing two Confederate colonels, three Ueutenant colonels, three majors, seven captains, seventeen heutenants, three hundred soldiers, seven conscript officers, one hundred guerrillas, and causing more than five hundred citizens to take the oath of allegiance, with securities amounting in the aggregate to more than fifteen million dollais, rebulting in enthusiastic Union meetings at both posts, the restoring of municipal law, and the estabhshmeut of a loyal press by the citizens. My duties during this period were certainly anything but "fancy" or "sinecure." On the 4th of January last I pre- sented to my command the subject of reenlistment as " veterans" in all its details, and met with a general favorable response, provided the regiment remained mounted, but a positive universal refusal if they were to be dismounted. I could only say in reply that I woulii endeavor to keep them mounted. At this time not a man had been sworn, or had signed an enlistment paper. My regiment had been repeatedly complimented in general orders fur its discipline, efficiency, and braveiy, and I knew its course had been highly satisfactory to Major General Thomas. I therefore telegraphed to headquarters Depart- ment of the Cumberland, asking whether my regiment was to be dismounted, that I miglit act advisedly, and not mislead recruits. It had been ordered that my regiment should be fuiioughed by detachment, from the fact that I could not be reheved, and hold- ing ten posts but half my regiment could be spared at a time. I received the following reply : Chattanooga, January 10th, 1864. To Colonel H. R. Mizner: You will be pennitted to accompany first detachment of your regiment to Michigan, leaving couiuiaiiii at post as you pioposeil. It is not intended to dismount your regiment. W. D. WHIPPLE, v4. ^. G. I immediately communicated this telegram to my officers and men, who appeared per- fectly satisfied; and during the month of February four-lifths of those eligible were mus- teied into service as veterans, some of the enlistment papers, however, bearing date January 4th for uniformity, and in ratification of expressions on that da^^ On the 21st of February I prcjceeded to Michigan with half my regiment, put out my posters for niouiiled infantry, and obtained all my recruits for mounted service, securing a number of mi'ii wlio liad already intended joining cavalry regiments. During March, and while in Michigan, tlie order of Lieutenant General Grant was promulgated dismounting mounted infantry, tliough some exceptions were made by him. I had no opportunity of con- ferring witii General Grant before he went to Virginia, and Major General Thomas, rout a mde beyond Middleburg, I was ordered to throw out two companies as skirmishers, using Company A, Captain Swan, on the right, and a company of sharpsliooters, Lieutenant Lurns, trom the left of the regiment for that purpose, and advauceti them three or four huiiuied yards, at the same time connecting my rejiiment per omer, with a small squadron of cavalry on the left of the main road. At tliis time the tile from a battery the enemy had planted on the right of the road on a liill some twelve or lifteen yards to the front was annoying the cavalry in the rear and our battery; we were ordered forward that our skirmishtrs might pick o£f the gunners and silence it if possible. The regiment advanced rapidly through the woods a quarter of a mile, when, coming to an open field in full sight of the battery and the enemy's line of skirmishers who wei-e strongly posted behind a stone fence, it halted. Throwing the right of the line of skirmishers well forward into a house and some out-builduigs, the enemy's skirmishers were soon dislodged and commenced hilling back, at which moment the whole hue was advanced and the regiment ordered forward at double-quick to gain a stone wall about t\>ur liundred yards from the enemy's battery. It was here that Captain J udd M. Mott fell, severely if not mortally wounded, gallantly leading his company, cheering his men lorward by word and deed, and doing his whole duty. As soon as our advance in luie of battle was discovered by the enemy they attempted to save their battery, but were only partially successful, as they left one piece, a iJlakesly rifled gun, with two lK)rses attached, capsized, one horse wounded, the other not. Lieutenant Powers, Company A, with Ser- iieaiiL Kcene, were lirst at the gun, but passed on, pressing the enemy's skirmislicrs in :iieat cou.usion. Lieutenant Cook, Company A, liberated the unwouuded horse and sent mm to tlie rear by Private John Neviow, Company A, and shot the wounded one. Lieu- uenant Cook had just finished liberating the horse and was standing by the gun when a sipiad of cavalry rode up, also four or live cavalry oUicers, and all rode away again befoi"e j_,ieutenant Cook left the gun. I am thus explicit because I understand the capture of the gun is claimed by the cavalry, who were certainly half a mile iu the rear of the line of skiiiuishers and over a quarter of a mile iu rear of tlio regimeiit. " The reiiiment immediately advanced, deployed in line, following its skirmishers, vary- ing its march by supporting at intervals sections of Tidball's battery, and at other times alu'ad oi the artillery, counectuig as far as practicable upon the right and left with the 2nth Maine and 44th New York Volunteers. Company A being out of ammuuiLioii, was relieved by company 13, Captain Fuller and Lieutenant Graham. "Upon arriving at Goose Creek we found the enemy's skirmishers strongly posted on the opposite bank, behind stone wails and other protection. Captain Fuller sent for a company of cavalry to ciiaige the position, but they were driven back with stnue loss and colli ut'ion. Captain Fuller then charged the bridge and position with his company, cap- lurnig four prisoners and killing three, besides wounding some that made their esca[)e; a little tarther on capturing two more with two wounded ollicers. Captain T. J. Gordon, Company 13, and Lieut»!jiant Pet«'r H. Thorp, Compiiny H, 13th Virginia Cavalry, and two atU'ndants, privates of same regiment. Company 11 was here reneved by company G, L.i-.itenant Eddy, being out of aiumumtiou. i special credit is due to the sharpshooters' company attached to the regiment. Their fire was murderously accurate, killing and uounding a great many. The lirst oHicer killed by them was a Captain J. W. Houston, ist Nortii Carolina Cavalry, a member of the North Carolina legislature, the regular nomi- nee for tne Confederate congress trom his district, and a prominent politiciau. The company only ceased to be eifective wht-n its ammunition was gone. ■ the regiment advanced to within a mile of Upperville with skirmishers deployed, .Mien lliey were withdrifwn and joined the regiment. It was then ordered to bo ready to -upport a battery now stanihng 111 column. This ended the active operations of the day a- lar as we were engaged and about si.k o'clock were ordered to tlie rear, about throe unles from Uppervhle, into bivouac, returning to camp on the afternoon of the "/".iil. ■"In dnecLing my line of skirmisliers AUjuumt K. W. Jacklui wua of great assistance, and displayed inarki'd ability and bravery. Captain Fuller is deserving of much praise lor iliti gahant manner m which he conducted the skirmish line and pushed the enemy at every point where ho could reach them. Every olliccr I had did his duty well." 364 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Colonel Strong Vincent, 83d Pennsylvania, then commanding the 3d bri- gade, says in a report to the division commander: " I have the honor to report that, in obedience to orders from the general commanding the division, I moved to Middleburg during the morning of Sunday, and at 7 A. M., under the direction of General Pleasanton, commanding the expedition, tooit the position on the left of the cavalry of General Gregg's column, on the Ashby Gap road. " The dismounted men of the enemy were in position on the south side of the road, behind a series of stone walls running at right angles with it, the cavalry in the fields, and a batteiy of six guns placed near the road on the left. A belt of woods, some 200 yards, marked their position. " Under orders from General Pleasanton to advance at least one regiment of infantry, I directed Lieutenant Colonel Welch, commanding 16th Michigan, to push his regiment forward and dislodge their carbineers. " At the farther end of the woods his skirmishers opened fire briskly. "Again General Pleasanton directed the infantry to advance in greater force, and I sent in the 44th New York, Colonel Rice commanding, and the 20th Maine, Lieutenant Colonel Connor commanding (Lieutenant Colonel Chamberlain and Major Gilmore being absent, sick), with directions to press the enemy hard and lo pick off the gunners from his battery. At the same time I directed Captain Woodward, commanding 83d Pennsyl- vania, to move rapidly through the woods to our left, keeping his force concealed, and the instant he had passed the stone wall to emerge and take the enemy in flank and rear. The movement was entirely successful. Finding their position turned, the enemy tied in confusion, and the lOth Michigan, under the lead of Lieutenant Colonel Welch, advanced at the double quick on the right, and gallantly compelled them to abandon one piece of their battery— a fine Blakely gun. "Moving in conjunction with the cavalry, we drove them from this position to other stone walls immediately in rear, dislodging them at each attack, until we pushed them across Crummel's Run. Here they made a sharp resistance, and opened an artillery fire, from which we suffered. Our artillery responded to tnem, and here, as throughout the day, abundantly evinced our superiority. "Fording the stream, my skirmishers, in conjunction with those of the cavalry, soon flanked their stone wall line again and had them on the run. Thus the fight continued with the same tactics on the part of the enemy, the same orders from General Pleasanton to dislodge them, and the same success in driving them for a distance of nearly four miles. At Goose Creek they again took advantage of a stone wall commanding the defile and bridge through which we must pass, and opened a vofiey on the head of a column of cavalry just preparing to charge, " Under directions from General Pleasanton to clear the position, I ordered the 83d Pennsylvania to carry the bridge on the run, and the skirmishers of my entire line to ford the stream and turn the enemy's flank. The skirmishers of the 83d Pennsylvania pushed into the stream, and the fine of the 16th Michigan, led by Captain Fuller, gallantly rushed over the bridge and up to the stone wall under a severe fire, dislodging the enemy, and caj)turhig a number of prisoners, officers and men. The enemy fled in confusion, followed by our cavalry, who drove them repeatedly from one position to another from this point into and beyond Upperville. The charges of the cavalry, a sight I had never before v^-it- nessed, was truly inspiriting, and the triumphant strains of the bands as squadron after squadron hurled the enemy in his flight up tlie hills and towards the Gap gave us a feel- ing of regret that we, too, were not mounted and could not join in the chase. As fast as the tired condition of my men would permit, we proceeded to U[»perville and took position, under General Pleasanton's directions, in support of the artillery until 6 P. M., when we were relieved by Colonel Tilton, commanding 1st brigade. "General Pleasanton then left it to my choice whether I should return to Middleburg that night or camp at a prudent distance in rear of Upperville. I determined upon the latter course, and at noon of Monday reported with my command to the general coin- mancHng at Middleburg. " Among the casualties, 1 regret to say, is Captain Mott, of the 16th Michigiin, who waa severely if not fatally wounded in the gallant charge of that regiment upon the battery, ' A special correspondent of the New York Herald says: "General Meade has highly complimented Colonel Vincent's brigade for the handsome and gallant manner in which the troops deported themselves in the recent reconnoissance to Ahhby's Gap. Not a saber was drawn by the cavaky until arriving four miles beyond Middleburg. The infantry dislodged the enemy fiom behind stone wall fences, drove them from the bridge orussiug Goose Creek, and captured the Blakely gun. As far as MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 365 Upperville our infantiy led the cavaliy, when, exhausted after their thirteen miles' march, much of it on double quick, and being out of ammunition, the cavalry were obliged to lend a iielping hand. " A company of the 4th cavalry attempted to take the bridge referred to, but a volley from the enemy sent them back in confusion. " ' Give me the horses to mount twenty-five men and I'll take the bridge,' said Captain Fuller of Michigan (16th Michigan). " ' Can't do it,' was the response he received. " 'Then I'll take the bridge any way,' he replied; and he did take it, killing three men . n 1 capturing nine prisoners. Lieutenant Colonel Welch was among the fust to reach uio enemy's battery, when his men seized the Blakely gun. He was recklessly bravo throughout. " When Colonel Vincent gave the order to charge on the battery it was not in precise military phrase, but ' stop that damned battery howUng,' — an order of such terse mean- ing and intelligibility as to be looked for from such a man. " The 16tli, in command of Colonel Welch, who had been promoted to the colonelcy, to rank from May 18th, vice Stockton, resigned, now entered upon the Pennsylvania campaign, and by a series of forced marches, with its brigade and division reached Gettysburg on July 1st, and on the 2d, 3d, and 4th par- ticipated in that great engagement in which the 5th corps took so prominent a part, the regiment losing Lieutenants Butler, Brown, William H. Borden, and Wallace Jewett and twenty-one men killed, with thirty-four wounded and two missing. *' On to the Bound Top! cried Sykes to his men; On to the Kound Top! was echoed again; On to the Kound Top!' said noble Steve Weed; Now comes the hour for Southron to bleed." In the struggle for the possession of Little Round Top Vincent's brigade became heavily engaged. It was composed of the 16th Michigan, 44th New York, 83(1 Pennsylvania, and 20th Maine. The importance of securing a posi- tion on this hill was evident to commanders in both armies, and several com- mands had been ordered forward to take possession and hold it, when soon a severe struggle ensued, Vincent's brigade with Hazlett's battery, with the 100th Ohio and 40th New York supporting, rushed to the peak of the hill. The rugged, rocky face of the eminence rendered the advance of artillery almost iuipiacticable, but by an almost superhuman effort the cannon were dragged up by hand and hurriedly placed in battery behind breastworks of stones thrown together on the spur of the moment, affording but a feeble and unreliable defense. The possession of this point was taken in the very nick of time, for Hood's Texans were then climbing up its craggy sides, hand over hand as it were, clutching rocks and roots, forcing their way upward against showers of leaden bullets and bristling bayonets. It was a deadly strife, with hand to hand encounters, clashing bayonets, clubbed nauskets, and rough stones dug in desperation from the face of the rough hillside. This almost unparalleled struggle was heroically ended by a gallant charge of the Union trooits which swept the rebels from the hill, and Round Top was saved. From the "American Conflict" is taken the following: " Sickle's new position was commanded by the rebel batteries posted on Seminary ridge in his front, scarcely half a mile distant, while magnificent lines of battle, a mile and a half long swept up to his front and Uanks, crushing him back with heavy loss, and stiuggling desperately to seize Round Top at his left. Mead regarded this hill as vital to the maintenance of our position, and had already ordered Sikes to advance the 5th corps with all possible haste to save and hold it. A fierce and bloody struggle ensued, for the enemy had nearly carried the hiU before Sikes reached it, while Humphreys, who, with 366 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. one of Sikes's divisions, had been posted In the morning on Sicliles's right, was in turn assailed in front and flanli and driven baclc with a loss of 2,000 out of 5,000 men. The fighting at this point was of a most terrific and bloody character, in which the 16th had a full share. A special correspondent of the New York Tribune mentions the brigade as follows : " While this main battle, involving two-thirds of both armies, had for its object the pos- session of Sickles's false line, an episodical combat had taken place upon the scylhe-han- dle itself, more limited but more furious. When, at the beginning of the fight, the Texan line overlapped the left of Sickles's, and burst across the Devil's Den, there were no Union soldiers on either of the Round Tops, only a group of signal-men and General Warren, the Chief Engineer, on the Smaller Knob. The rebel column looked up amazed. No troops peered over to oppose them. Lonely and frightened, the little bunch of signal- men flung their mysterious messages through the blue air. But the natural grimness of the gnarled mountain seemed of itself to uitiniidate the arrested Texans. Like a fortress dismantled it rose, piled high with natural masonries, and on its granite ramparts oaks of a hundred years waved darkly. The signal colors were no more than tulips, as they blew to and fro on its deserted profile. Its flanks were wild ravines, like the lairs of satyrs and goblins. Before this northern hill the tangle-haired Texans shrank an instant, loolcing up through powdery countenances. Then, with a yell, they moved up among the bowlders and quarries, threw their sharpshooters into shelves of outcropping shale and hollow rhomboids of gneiss and green stone, and at the crest of Little liound Top, theii- artillery, far behind, hailed showers of shell and ball. " It was a te;^'ribie instant. With the Round Top lost, the Union position would be a scythe without a handle, a man one-armed and one-footed; the destruction of the whole army was positive. Already the signal flags were folded; the signal men were retreating. " ' Stay!' cried Warren, 'you are the aimy now. Wave your flags, as if they stood m line of battle, and you ten were ten thousand.' " They shook down defiances — that handful of impotent telegraphers — and raised a cheer out of their forlornness that was like a dying comedian's laugh. "For a moment the Texans wavered; they closed up column and advanced more slowly, anticipating a desperate defense. "Just then music burst through one of the gorges, and the tread of men came in fiora the rear. They wore blue uniforms. They were marching to the peach orchard to rein- force Birney. Warren galloped down, his dark Indian face almost bloodless. 'I aiu.'^t have a brigade,' he said. ' I take the responsibility of detaching you. General Vincent! Out yonder we may be repulsed; here we should be destroyed.' "The brigade of Vincent faced left and ran up the hill with a will. The plain, morass gorge, and farther woodside as they looked over, was full of advancing, deploying, flank- ing columns of gray. A huzza they flung over their bristling bayonets as they boldly advanced down the declivity, and sinmltaneous volleys poured upward and downward. Hazlitt, the gunner, came also at Wanen's command. His battery would not budge on the rock-strewn hight. The horses could not keep their balance up the almost veitical places, with the dead weight of 30-pounders below them. Pioneers with frenzied blows leveled the oak trees; they charged the bowlders and blew them to pieces; they made a roadway as speedily as a housewife sweeps a stair. Then to every gun hues of men put their sinews and shoulders. Lever and shovel cleared the path. A Hying battery indeed, it went hawking into the clouds, and when it screamed from its eyrie, the Une of battle flags waved like the pinions of its young. Warren was away for reinforcements. Vincent bhouted, 'Aim, men! Wo must hold fast here though wo all perish.' " 'Aye! Aye!' came in the niche between the volleys. "Now the strong mountain groaned to see the blood they spilt down his face. He grew into a volcano, palpitating, smoking, running over with Are. Great seams of blaze zig- zagged down his cheeks. His eyes were shot through with shells. Into the oaken tan- gles of his hair men climbed like battle-panthers, and, mortally shot in their perch, s, leaped out with a yell of rage. "Steadily, deadly, murderously, the Texans, column after colunm, wound up the ledges. Vincent's ammunition was failing. His men robbtnl the cartridge boxes of their slaui comrades. They rolled the boulders down, and half way to the base stabbed and parried with cold steel. Side swords were crossed. Heads opened to scabbard cuts. The devilish things that were done half way to heaven on that scarred knob will haunt It a thousand years. The hot battery quaked over all through its natural granite embras- ures. Line after line driven biick, now columns of yelling savages leaped upward. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 367 "Men of Maine, Michiganders, New Yorkers, Pennsylvanians hurled them back. From a series of charges the enemy's attack resolved into a volleying rest, lying upon their faces. A cry ran through the Union line almost plaintive in its poverty: " ' The ammunition Is out.' " Tlien said young Chamberlain, of Maine, a boy-faced college professor: " ' Men! our only hope is in the steel; charge with me!' " Like the swooping out of the clouds of a tlock of blackbirds, gold-daggered, upon the files of com, tlie lumbermen and watermen of Maine wiiistled down the precipices, the rebel lines were swallowed, as if the ground had opened, into the gorges behind the Devil's Den, and Round Top was saved to the Union, of which it became the keystone, indeed, on this decisive day of blood. " Standing now on Round Top, who can revive all the strong or beautiful episodes that were written on the scorehetl parchment of this landscape; the tenderness, the atrocities, the forgivenesses, the lonely agonies, the crying on deaf men to help and blind men to iiave mercy. A hundred and titty thousand fighting men represent the population of the greatest city. Set this city alire, loosen the jails and dens of it, make fiends howl in the llames lor lust or iiy in despair, send charity and heroism upon bold and noble errands, and you have superficial battle. What noble hearts ceased to beat at Gettys- burg and got no fame; what awful crunes were committed and got no infamy. Dropped i'lto the century and the republic, the good and the evil that fell that day were but as the poisons and the sweets that ripen in the purple apple." July 6th the regiment engaged in the pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Wil- liamsporc, Md., ou the 11th. It crossed the Potomac at Berlin on the 17th, and on the '^Sd was at the battle of Wapping Heights, though not actually engaged. Participating in the movements of the army in October, on the lOih It crossed the Ka[)pahatinock, recrossed on the 11th, and as skirmishers advanced to Brandy ileights, but did not become engaged. Falling back with tlie army, ou the 2'6d it marclied to Auburn, where it remained until Novem- ber 1st. The total number of miles marcheip their line of march. The other troops of Gen- I ral Crawford's division and most of the corps batteries, together with a division of tiie '.lib corps, remained to hold the works and forts at our old position, the latter troops, as well as the batteries, being under General Crawford's command. Arriving at the edge of a piece of woods, fronting whicli was an open space, beyond Peeble's house was seen a redoubt and a line of the enemy's entrenchments. The enemy's pickets, meantime, had fallen back before our advancing column to the redoubt. The enemy opened willi six pieces of artillery. To this redoubt and the earthworks in the distance was not over 600 yards, and a Une of battle was formed. ■17 k 370 ' MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. "It was determined to charge this redoubt and the works. The charge wap made solely by General Griffin's division. General Ayres's division was on the right of General Griffin's, and Colonel Hoffman's brigade on the right of the former division; but the latter troops did not charge. The 18th Massachusetts battalion, Captain Bert commanding, was first sent forward as sliirmishers, but found too weak, and was subsequently strengthened by the 155th Pennsylvania, Colonel Rinson, and the 1st Michigan, Major Hopper commanding. The order being given to charge, the skirmish battle lines soon advanced aci-oss the open ground. The charging column pressed steadily, earnestly, persistently forward. Eebel shell and bullets had no dismaying effect. " ' A commission to him who first mounts the parapet of that redoubt,' shouted Colonel Welch, of the 16th Michigan, to his men. ' Follow me!' He led his regiment. He was the first to mount the parapet, when he waved his sword. In an instant a rebel bullet penetrated his brain, and he lay dead. The men followed simultaneously and movmted the works at different points, the colors of some half dozen regiments floating tri- umphantly where a few moments before rebel colors had flaunted their traitorous folds to the breeze. It is no wonder that there should' be different claimants for the honor of being the first to plant the Stars and Stripes on the works! All behaved magnificently, and all are deserving of life and honor. Nearly one hundred prisonei'S were captured, and one cannon. The enemy got off his remaining guns, but not all his horses. " 'We have taken the enemy's first line of works; can you take the second?' shouted General Griffin. ' Yes, yes,' was the responsive shout from a thousand throats, and they did take the second line, as bravely as they took the first. In the second line was a second redoubt. Brave heroes had fallen, but a splendid victory, a double victory, had been won. It was all the work of a few minutes, a work requiring less time than I have taken to write it. The second line was on the farther edge of the open field, and beyond were woods. Through the latter woods the beaten enemy fled in haste. Two brigades of Heth's division were in the force opposing us. No artillery was used on our side. Both lines of earthworks were very strong, and the redoubts were substantially put up. The 9th corps troops were shortly after placed in front of the 5th corps. "Desultoiy firing was kept up between the opposing pickets until about 5 P. M,, when the enemy charged on the 9th corps, causing them to fall back in confusion. Quickly the 5th corps rushed to the rescue of the 9th, and sent the enemy back beyond the ground he had recovered. Night and darkness and rain ended the day's conflict. But it has been a day of splendid successes, and our troops — as well they may be — are jubilant over their victory. "Major Partridge, 16th Michigan, but commanding the 83d Pennsylvania, had an exceedingly narrow escape. He was hit on the chin by a minie ball, which struck the neck, just glancing the jugular vein, and then entering the shoulder and passing out at the back. " There is deep and universal regret at the loss of Colonel Welch. A more popular and vigilant officer was not in the division. Not twenty-seven years of age, a most promising career in the future seemed opening before him. He came out as major of the regiment. Impulsive, patriotic, and fearless, he was brave to rashness, and this was his great and only fault. After completing his education he became a student at law, which profession he had just entered upon with the most brilliant prospects of success before him, when, like thousands of the brilliant young men of our country, he entered the army to fight in defense of his country. At one time he was private secretary to Lewis Cass. His body will be embalmed and sent home. Captain Finley, commissary, his classmate and fellow- townsman, will convey his remains to his friends in Michigan." On the 27th of October, 1864, the regiment took part in the movement on the Boydton Phmk road, but did not become actively engaged. On the 28th it constituted a portion of the rear guard in the retrograde movement to the position near Poplar Grove Church, near which point it was encamped on the 31st of October. During the month of November the regiment lay in the trenches near that place, and in December accompanied its corps on tlie raid to Belltield, where it assisted in destroying about sixteen miles of railroad. It was in the trenches before Petersburg during tlie month of January, 1865, and on February Gth and 7th, while in command of Colonel Partridge, was engaged with the enemy at the battle of Dabniy's Mills, or Hatcher's Run, wiiere it lost heavily, on March 25Lh at Hatcher's Jiun, at White Oak Swamp on the 29th, at Quaker MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 371 Road on the Slst, and at Five Forks on Ai)ril 1st, and following Lee's army until its surrender; on the oth it was engaged with the enemy at Amelia Court House, on the 6th at High Bridge, at Appomattox Court House on the 9th, and after the surrender it marched to Sutherland's Station, where it was located during the remainder of the month. In May the regiment marched to Washington, D. C, arriving there on the 12th, where, on the ii3d, it p.atici- pated in the grand review of the army of the Potomac, lunnaining in camp near Washington until June 16th, it was ordered to Louisville, Ky., where it arrived on the 21st, crossing the river to Jelfersonville, Indiana, and was there muslered out of service July 8th, and left on the 10th, in command of Colonel Partridge, for Michigan, arriving on the 12th at Jackson, and on the 2bth was paid oil and disbanded. The regiment while in service took part in engagements at siege of York- town, Va., April 4 to May 4, 1862; Hanover Court House, Va., May 27, 1862; Mechanicsville, Va., June 26, 1862; Gaines's Mills, Va., June 27, 1862; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862; Turkey Bend, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Harrison's Landing, Va., July 2, 1862 ; Ely's Ford, Va., August 29, 1862 ; Bull Run, 2d, Va., August 30, 1862 ; Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; Shepardstown Ford, Va., September 19, 1862; Snicker's Oap, Va., November 4, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; U. S. Ford, Va., January 1, 1863; Chancellorsville, Va., April 30, May 2 to 5, 1863; Middleburg, Va., June 21, 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3, 1863; Williamsport, Md., July 12, 1863; Wapping Heights, Va., July 21, 22, 1863; Culpepper, Va., October 12, 13, 1863; Brandy Station, Va., October 13, 1863; Bristo Station, Va., October 14, 1863; Rappahannock Station, Va., November 7, 1863; Cross Roads, Va., November 26, 1863; Mine Run, Va., November 26,27, and 29, 1S63; Wilderness, Va., May 5 to 7, 1864; Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864; Po River, Va., May 10, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 18, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 21, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 23, 1864; Noel's Turn, Va., May 26, 1864; Hanover, Va., May 29, 1864; Tolo- potomy, Va., May 30, 1864; Magnolia Swamp, Va., June 1, 1864; Bethesda Cliurch, Va., June 2, 3, and 4, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Gaines's Creek, Va., June 5, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; Petersburg and Norfolk railroad, July 30, 1864; Weldon railroad, Va., August 19, 20, and 21, 1864; Peeble'8 Farm, Va., September 30, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 1864; Dabney's Mills, or Hatcher's Run, Va., February 6 and 7, 1865; Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865; White Oak Road, Va., March 29, 1865; Quaker Road, Va., March 31, 1865; Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865; Amelia Court House, Va., April 5, 1865 ; High Bridge, Va., April 6, 1865 ; Apj)omattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., fiom June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. Tlie regiment had borne on the rolls 2,318 officers and men, losing 343. Killed in action, 10 officers and 155 men; died of wounds, 2 officers and 48 men; of disease, 128 men. " The blended rago of shot and shell, Thouf^h from the blackened portals torn, Has not such havoc bought a name Immortal on the rolls of fame?" Notes.— At the second battle of Bull Run the IGth was heavily engaged and exposed to a severe fire of shell and solid shot. In the afternoon it charged on a rebel battery, In face of volleys of musketry and artillery lire of gx-ape and canister. The inlautry of I 372 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the enemy being protected by a railroad embanliment, it was found impossible to dislodge them, and a retreat became necessary. Under this fire many officers and men had been killed or wounded, and several color-bearers had been shot down. The regiment was being closely pressed by the enemy, and the regimental colors much in danger. At one time, when a color-bearer had been shot down, and the color falling to the ground, Cap- tain Stephen Martin, at great risk, took possession of it and placed it in the hands of another bearer, with instructions to save them at the risk of his life. The retreat was continued, a heavy force of the enemy following and deUvering a mur- derous fire, especially directed on the color; the attention of Captain Martin was again directed to its safety, and under a shower of rifle bullets he, with the color-bearer, suc- ceeded in placing the flag beyond the reach of danger. The saving of this flag by Captain Martin was acknowledged by Colonel Welch, com- manding the regiment, in a complimentary letter, and he was entrusted with its delivery to the Governor of the State. A Pkison in Eichmond, Va., ) August 2d, 1862. ) General Jno. Robertson, Adjutant General, State of Michigan. Genekaii, — Lest you have not received the few hues that I wrote you soon after my capture, on June 27th, I send this to report that after that bloody fight in which we were defeated, I was taken prisoner, and have been here ever since, with some 120 other officers. I have not received any ofBcial information from my regiment since, and cannot, there- fore, make any report of the actual loss since the 27th, nor even a full one of that. I had been on the sick list for over a week before the battle, and only took command of my regiment after it got on the field. Captain Case was kiUed, Lieutenant Wilhams mortally wounded. Lieutenant McGraw lost a leg and died in hospital. Captains Mott and Fisher wounded and taken prisoners; they are here with me, and well. Captain Myers and Lieutenants Eddy and Chandler were wounded and got off. There are about one hundred of my men prisoners here, some forty of them wounded. A few of them have died. Probably in killed, wounded, and prisoners my regiment lost over 200. The regiment was in the battle of Malvern Hill on the 30th of June, and I hear suffered again, but I have no certain information. As the cartel for a general exchange has been made, and nearly all of the wounded gone, the officers hope to follow very soon. As soon as that is done I will send you a full report, with names for promotion. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, T. B. W. STOCKTON, Colonel 16th Michigan Infantry. At the battle of Fredericksburg, after fighting all day and part of tJ*^ night, a Michigan regiment lay down on their arms and were soon asleep. Their ammunition wagon coming up late, the mules hungry and thirsty, being halted near the sleepmg place of the colonel, gave several of their pecuhar howls, which suddenly awoke the colonel, who, much pro- voked at being thus so unceremoniously disturbed, and in his bewildered condition think- ing that the noise was made by the musicians of the regiment at band practice, called to his adjutant, saying, "Put these devilish buglers under arrest and send them to the rear; they will jeopardize the safety of the whole army." John Steele, a private in Company K, 16th Michigan, having his right arm shot off at Middloburg, CapLain Hill said to him a few minutes after: "John, you cannot carry a musk(!t any more." John rephed with tears in his eyes: "No, Captain, but I can carry the colors can't I? " While the 16th Michigan was engaged at Cold Harbor a Maryland regiment broke while under lire, and when falling back was checked and held by the IGth. The colonel of the reganent struggled to rally it, but without success, when he hurriedly advanced to Col- onial Partridge, and with tears streaming down his manly face, exclaimed: "Colonel, would to God that I commanded a Michigan regiment! " He had hardly said these words when a riUo bullet passed through his body, kilUng him instantly. The following anecdote is told with all due respect to the cause therein alluded to. and also for the colonel and chaplain referred to, and is only recited as an extreme example of how tenacious and jealous commanders of regiments become of the standing of their commands. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 373 One of the Michigan roffiments in the Army of the Potomac was brigaded -with a Penn- sylvania regiment into which their chaplain had mlused considerable of religious feeling. Several had been baptized; this feeling also prevailed to some extent in other regi- ments of the brigade, but had not taken effect in the Michigan regiment. The chaplain referred to, having the welfare of the Michigan regiment at heart, conceived the idea of calling on the colonel, a soldier from his youth and every inch a man, gruff but brave, not sudden and quick in quarrel, nor full of strange oaths, but bearded, Uke the Pard; gain- ine: reputation even in the cannon's mouth. Consequently the chaplain waited upon him, calling at his tent and finding him, stated that several members of other regiments of the brigade had recently experienced religion, and in his own regiment he had baptized fifteen the previous day; remarking also that he was very desirous of a like result in the Mich- igan regiment, but unless the Colonel made some effort in that direction the regiment would be left behind in the matter. The colonel, a little nettled at what he considered over-zeal of the chaplain, and especially at the idea of having his regiment suspected even of being slow or behind in any respect, started to his feet, called the sergeant major, and hurriedly said: "Give my compliments to the adjutant and direct him to detail immediately with orders to report to the chaplain here, twenty men for baptism; my reg- iment shall not be beat in any uay by any regiment in the brigade." The chaplain gave h'm one serious look and left quick. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, " Then up with the banner, let Southern breezes fan her, It shall float o'er Columbia for ever more, In glory we'll sustain her, in battle defend her, With heart and with hand like our fathers before." The 17th Infantry, the celebrated "Stonewall regiment," was rendezvoused at Detroit under orders dated May 29th, 1862, from which the two following paragraphs are taken : I. The War Department having called upon the Governor of this State for another reg- iment of infantry, to serve for three years, or during the war, unless sooner discharged, the 17th Regiment Michigan Infantry will be organized as soon as a sufficient number of companies have volunteered. II. The Commander-in-Chief hereby calls for propositions from the patriotic and loyal men of the State, to raise ten infantry companies for the above designated regiment, and hopes, judging from the alacrity with which the State has heretofore responded to the requisitions of the general government, that this regiment will be rapidly organized and composed of such men as this State has hitherto sent into the field, acknowledging no superiors either in muscular strength or moral courage. The organization of the regiment was commenced under the direction of Colonel James E. Pittman, then State Paymaster, whose excellent drill and discipline enabled the regiment to leave for the front in a very creditable con- dition. The 17th left Michigan for Washington on the 27th of August, 1862, with a force on its rolls of 982 officers and men, in command of Colonel VVm. H. Withington, who had a short time before been commissioned as its command- ing officer, FIELD AND SJAFF, Colonel, Wm. H. Withington, Jackson. Lieutenant Colonel, Constant Luce, Monroe. Major, George Collins Lyons, Jackson. Surgeon, Abram R. Calkins, Allegan. Assistant Surgeon, Jonathan Beviere, Grand Rapids. 2d Assistant Surgeon, Albert Daniels, Rich- laud. Adjutant, Wm. V. Richards, Ann Arbor, Quartermaster, Charles Ford, Jackson. The companies mustered in and making up the regiment, were: A. Captain, Lorin L. Comstock, Adrian. First Lieutenant, John S. Vreeland, Adrian. Sect)nd Lii-utenant, Richard A. Watts, Adrian. B. Captain, Isaac L. Claikson, Manchester. First Lieutenant, J. Cunningham, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Abraham Horton, Summit. C. Captain, Henry B. Androus, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, George H. Laird, Colon. Second Lieutenant, Wm. E. DuUitdd, Monroe. D. Captain, Julius C. Burrows, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, Wm. H. White, Way- land. Second Lieutenant, Wm. S. Logan, Richland. E. Captain, Gabriel Campbell, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, Thomas Matthews, Flint. Second Lieutenant, James T. Morgan, Muskegon. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 375 F. Captain, Frederic "W. Swift, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John Tyler, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Win. Winegar, Grass Lake. G. Captain, John Goldsmith, Jr., Jackson. First Lieutenant, Kowen Summers, Jack- son. Second Lieutenant, Christian Rath, Jackson. H. Captain, Charles A. Edmonds, Qulncy. First Lieutenant, J. P. C. Church, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Clark, Quincy. I. Captain, Alfred Brooks, Kalamazoo. Fiist Lieutenant, Nelson D. Curtiss, Kalama- zoo. Second Lieutenant, George Galligan, Kalamazoo. K. Captain, Wm. W. Thayer, Battle Creok. First Lieutenant, James E. Thomas, Grass Lake. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin B. Baker, Jackson. The 17th, on its arrival at Washington, was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, sent immediately into the Maryland campaign with Mc- Clellan, and in little more than two weeks after it left the State was fiercely engaged in the hotly-contested action of South Mountain, on September 14th, 18(j'^, whence it emerged with a loss of 27 killed and 114 wounded. Among the wounded at South Mountain was Lieutenant George Galligan, who died of his wounds at Middleton, Md., on the 24th of the same month, and Lieutenant W. E. Dufiield, wounded at Antietam on the 17th of Sep- tember, died at Frederick City, Md., October 16th following, of his wounds. Colonel F. W. Swift, in a report made since the war, of the part taken by the 17Lh at South Mountain, says: "On the evening of the 13th of September, 1862, the 17th Michigan Infantry, then only two weeks from Michigan, marched from Frederick City, Md., where it had bivou- acked the night before with the rest of the 9th army corps. "We marched out on the National turnpike in the direction of South Mountain, and about midnight bivouacked for a few hours not many miles from Middleton. Before daybreak on the morning of the 14th, we moved on, passing through Middleton, reaching tlie base of the mountain about 9 o'clock. The South Mountain at this point is about l.OUO feet in height, its general direc- tion from northeast to southwest, the National road from Frederick to Hagerstown cross- ing it at nearly right angles through ' Turner's Gap,' a depression some 400 feet in depth. Here are two country roads, one to the right of the turnpike and the other to the left, which give access to the crests overlooking the main road or turnpike. 'Ihe one on the left is the 'old Sharpsburg road,' and is nearly parallel to and about half a mile distant from the main road until it reaches the crest of the mountain, when it bends to the left. " The enemy being found in force on each side of the Gap, holding each crest of the mountain, and strongly posted behind the stone fences and otlier available shelters, with their batteries in commanding position, enfilading the main road, we were ordered to move off the main road and advance up the old Sharpsburg road. This was being per- formed in common with the rest of Willcox's division, and we had proceeded far up the road towards the ci'est of the mountain, and moving to the support of a section of Cook's battery wliich had been sent up the mountain to open on the enemy's guns on the right of the gap. The road at this point was deeply gullied and very narrow, obUging us to movH by the flank, the banks on either side being steep and six to ten feet high. At this juncture, and wliile we were about to deploy on the right of the road, the enemy sud- denly opened (at about 200 yards) with a battery which enfiladed the road at this point, drove off Cook's cannoneers with their hmbers, several of our men being killed by the shot and shell of the enemy. The cannoneers with their horses and limbers came rush- ing down the road through our dense ranks, causing a temporary panic among some of tilt' troops that might have resulted in the loss of the guns had the enemy taken the advantage of it. We promptly changed front here under a heavy fire of shot and shell, but as we ha'l never had a battalion drill we formed our line of battle by countermarch- ing, and moved out with the 79th New York veterans to protect the battery. Hero the ifgiiiient extended across the old Sharpsburg road and lay in Une of battle, sheltered as inucli as possible by the sloping ground until nearly 4 P. M, " Far up the mountain the enemy with their batteries were awaiting our advance. On the irt'bt a lane extended from the left of the road, and at right angles with it, flanked on each side by a strong stone wall; behind each of these walls on the left of the road and beliind another on the right of the road, running at right angles with it, lay dense masses of the rebel infantry, our immediate fiont being held by Drayton's South Carolina brigade. Qui men having lain so long exposed to the (Ire of the enemy without being able to reply to it, and having become somewhat accustomed to the noise of shot and shell, had grown impatieut of delay, and the order to move forward and charge upon the 376 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. enemy was received with sliouts of enthusiasm. We moved out from our sheltered posi- tion through an open field and upon the enemy's position, exposed to a storm of lead from the stone fence in front and from the enemy's batteries on tlie right of the gap. Our regiment was the extreme right of Willcox's division, which was composed mainly of old troops, and our men moved upon the enemy as if jealous of the laurels their veteran coadjutors might win. "With clieer after cheer sent up in defiant answers to the rebel 'yell,' they advanced to within easy musket shot, when they opened a murderous fire upon the enemy, which was kept up for some time, the regiment steadily advancing, and its extreme right swinging around and getting an enfilading fire upon the rebels entrenched behind the two walls on the left of the road. Unable to stand this murderous fire, the rebels broke in dismay, the left of the reghnent charging with shouts of triumph over the walls and pursuing the fleeing remnants of Drayton's brigade over the crest and far down the slope of the mountain, thus gaining the key-point of the battle. " Our loss in this affair was 27 killed and 114 wounded out of less than 500 men who were actually engaged. " After driving the enemy down the slope of the mountain and capturing many prison- ers (about 300), we formed in Une of battle upon the crest, and slept during the night upon our arms, expecting to renew the battle in th'e morning, but the enemy quietly retired from our front during the night, abandoning their wounded, and leaving their dead in large numbers on the field. " The gallant charge made by this regiment on the stone walls behind which the enemy with his batteries was strongly posted, gave it the name of tlie ' Stonewall Regiment,' by which it was known throughout the army, and which has gone with it into the histoiy of the war." The poem below referred to was written by Captain Campbell, of the 17th, a graduate of the University. It covers the march of his regiment to the field and its fight at South Mountain, to which the extract included refers. "The following poem was delivered on 'Class Day' before the class of 1865, in the Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts, of the University of Michigan, and its publication was desired not only by the class, but by the faculty and the large audience who had the pleasure of listening to it. Its intrinsic merit will commend it to public favor and it will be especially interesting to the many persons who are now or have been connected with the University, wh© have participated in the triumphant struggle for Union and Liberty. " The University though yet young, has a roll of honor embracing 769 names, of which 281 belong to the Department of Science, Literature, and Arts, 254 to the Department of Medicine and Surgery, and 124 to the Department of Law. Of these about 100 have lost their Uves in the contest, while many more have received honorable wounds. They rep- resent all ranks, from the private to major general. " It the following poetical description of one of the severest and most decisive actions of the war can be taken as a specimtni of what we may expect, the public will cherish the hope that those who have so bravely used the sword will be found no less efficient in the use of the pen. "E. O. HAVEN, • *' President of the University of Michigan. " To Colonel William H. Withington, of the 17th Michigan Infantry, whose bravery in the charge of the 'Stonewall Ecgiaient' at South Mountain and in the battle of Antietani made him the pride of his men, and whose sterling qualities of mind and heart endeared him ahke to all, these lines are respectfully inscribed by the author. " Quick rations are finished, the rammers are sprung. And waist-belts are buckled, and knapsacks are slung; As soon all are marshaled and fearlessly stand Awaiting impatient the word of command. 'Tis given. As quick as the word they face And advance by the flank — every man in his place. The old starry flag waves proudly and high, So fondly caressed by the soft autumn sky; While the Eagle, extenduig his wings on the air, boomed to whisper of Victory hovering there. Tho low, rumbling sounds that rise on the ear Inspire to Viilur, yot wakon to fear. MICHIGAN IN THE WAS. 377 As louder and nearer with ponderous roll The death knells of Orcus toll— loll— toll, We reach the hill-top, and fearfully riven South Mountain before us aspires to heaven. While round his huge head incessant is curled The smoke of those cannon that quiver the world — Those traitorous cannon! Their air-rending shells, With echoing voice a monody swells In dirges forlorn. With demon-like sound They crash in the air or recoil to the ground. At length the voice of Withington Makes every heart enlarge. Up-springing at the welcome word, We rally for the " Charge." Sudden from right to left arose A wild, unearthly yell. As on the foremost rebel line, Like maddened wolves we fell. Back driven from their firm stockades, They rush with hideous groan, And rally with redoubled strength, Behind a wall of stone. On comes the line of Michigan, — With bristling bayonets all; — Three volleys and a charge! Great QodI It clearly scales the wall. They rally yet,— said yet again — Fiendish mid reeking blood! Nor rebel steel nor walls of stone Can check the loyal flood; — But just as o'er that mountain top, Keflects the setting sun, Our victor shouts sent heavenward Proclaim the Battle won. Back o'er the heaps of mangled men, We move as shuts the day. And there recline upon our arms, To watch the night away; And as to heaven's calm, peaceful vault, We turn the weary eye, We feel that we have struck one blow For God and Liberty. leneral Willcox, in his report of the part taken by the Ist division, 9th covps, at South Mountain, says of the 17th Michigan in that engagement: "v planted a section of Cook's battery near the turn of the road (Sharpsburg) and openod fire on the enemy's battery across the main pike. After a few good shots the enemy unmasked a battery on his left, over Shiver's Gap from a small field enveloped by woods. He threw canister and shell and \lrove Cook's cannoneers and drivers down the •oad wiih their limbers; Cook gallantly remained with his guns. [Cook herelostone man killed, f )ur wounded, and two horses killed.] The attack was so sudden, the whole division being under lire,— a fiank fire — that a temporary panic ensued until I caused the 79th Ne-r York, Lieutenant Colonel Morrison, and 17th Michigan, Colonel Withington, on the extrt^me left, to draw across the road facing the enemy, who were so close that we expected a charge to take Cook's battery. The 7yth and 17th here deserve credit for their coolness and firmness in rallying and changing front under a heavy fire. " I received orders from General Reno and McClellan to silence the enemy's batteries at all hazards. Sent picket report to Reno, and was making disposition to charge— mov- ing 17th Michigan so as to cross the hollow and flank the enemy's guns— when the enemy 378 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. charged out of the woods on their side, directly upon our front, In a long heavy line, ex- tending beyond our left to Cox's right. I instantly gave the command, ' Forward! ' and we met them near the foot of the hill, the 4:5th Pennsylvania in front. The 17th Michigan rushed down into the hollow, faced to the left, leaped over a stone fence, and took them in flank. Some of the supporting regiments, over the slope of the hill, fired qver the heads of those in front, and after a severe contest of some minutes, tlie enemy were repulsed, followed by our troops to the opposite slope and woods, forming their own position. "The 17th Michigan, Colonel Wlthington, performed a feat that may vie with any recorded in the annals of war, and set an example to the oldest troops." Extract from General McClellan's report: "* * * General WUlcox praises very highly the conduct of the 17th Michigan in this advance, a regiment which had been organized scarcely a month, but which chai-ged the enemy's flank in a manner worthy of veteran troops." ♦ * » • Extract, from the New York Press : "* * The enemy, as usual, sought every advantage, particularly that of numerous stone fences, behind which they assailed our men fiercely. But the impetuous charges of some of our regiments, particularly that of the 17th Michigan, but two weeks from home, carried everything before it, and the dead bodies of the enemy on that moun- tain crest lay thick enough for stepping stones. The greatest slaughter at this point waa among General Drayton's brigade, composed mainly of South Carolinians and some Geor- gians. Nearly the whole of this brigade was either killed, wounded or captured. " * Three days afterward, at Antietam, it was again in battle, sustaining a fur- ther loss of eighteen killed and eighty-seven wounded. The next day it was in the front, skirmishing with the retreating enemy, and had one man killed. At the close of the Maryland campaign, the regiment moved with its corps- into Virginia. The 17th, still serving in the same brigade, division, and corps, left Water- town, Virginia, November 2d, 1862, and marched via Warrenton to near Fal- mouth, where it encamped from the 18th to December 12th. It crossed the Rappahannock with the army at Fredericksburg, but did not participate in the battle that ensued. On the 14th of February, 1863, the regiment embarked at Aquia creek for Newport News, where it encamped until the 19th of March,, when it proceeded, in command of Colonel C. Luce, by transport to Baltimore, thence by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Ohio river to Louisville, Ken- tucky, thence on the 28th to Bardstown. April 3d it moved to Lebanon, thence to Columbia on the 29th. Marching from Columbia, it arrived at Jamestown on the 31st of May. The 9th corps, to which it was attached, having been orderx)d to reinforce General Grant in Mississippi, the regiment left Jamestown on the 4th of June for Louisville, and thence proceeded by rail to Cairo, and by the Mississippi to the Yazoo river. Disembarking, the regi- ment went into camp near Haynes's Bluffs, Mississippi. June 22d it was ordered to Milldale Church, and was there engaged in erecting fortifications. Leaving Milldale on the 4th of July, it participated in the advance on Jackson, arriving before that town on the 10th, after a series of skirmislies. The regi- ment lust before Jackson only one man, who died of wounds. Returning to Alilld;«le, it embarked August 3rd, and again returned to Kentucky, arriving at Crab Orchard August 24th. Marcliing from Crab Orchard, it engaged in the movements made by the army of the Ohio into east Tennessee, in Septem- ber and October. With its division it moved from Knoxville to Blue Sprmgs,. but did not participate in the engagement at that place. Returning to Knux- viUe on the 14ih of October, it marched from tlience on the 2Uth, and proceeded, via Loudou to Lenoir. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 379 Like the 2cl, 8th, and 20th Infantry, which were in the same corps, the 17th had traveled over 2,100 miles during the year. The regiment, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Comstock, and then attached to the 3d brigade of the 1st division, Oih army corps, remamed at Lenoir Station, East Tennessee, until the morning of the 14th of November, 1863, when it marched to the Tennessee river, below Loudon, to oppose the advance of the rebels under Longstreet, then moving on Knoxville. It lay under arms during the night, and on the following morning commenced fall- ing back, closely followed by the rebel forces. It continued to retreat on the 16th, with its corps, its brigade moving in the rear of the army, and the regi- ment acting as the rear guard. While crossing Turkey Creek, near Camp- bell's Station, the enemy attacked in force, and a severe engagement ensued. In this action the loss of the regiment was 7 killed, 19 wounded, and 10 missing. From a report of Captain F. W. Swift : " On the 16bh we marched for Knoxville. Our regiment bein^ detached as rear guard was attacked by the enemy's advance guard about 9:30 A. M., near Campbell's Station, and after severe fighting through the day we retired during the night to BLnoxviiie, Lieutenant Aionzo P. Stevens was mortally wounded." During the night of the 16th, the 17th moved with the army to Knoxville, assisting actively in the defense of that town while besieged by the enemy. On the night of the 20th the regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Comstock, was ordered to burn a house occupied by the enemy's sharp- shooters. This was done successfully, but while returning to camp a shell from one of the enemy's guns killed instantly Lieutenant Josiah Billingsley. A correspondent of the New York Tribune, under date of November 20th, 1863, writes, '^Brilliant Sortie of the 17th Michiqan^' : "At 8.30 P. M. rapid cannonading was heard on our west frontier — Fort Saunders — which aroused the town from its temporary repose. Now it was supposed the expected night attack had begun. The advance, it seems, was by our side, aiui not from that of the enemy. The rebel pickets during the day had got into James Armstrong's house, just under the hill, and had very much annoyed our men. General Fern-io accoi'dingly ordered the 17th Michigan to make a sortie and drive them out. The work was handsomely accomplished, and the house was set on fire.' They then fell back, but as the hght of the burning buildings burst forth it revealed the position of t)ur men as they were deploying into the road, and the enemy swept their ranks by discharges of shell and solid shot. One lieutenant was killed and three men wounded. Our batteries replied as fast as possible, covering our men as they retreated. The object was accom- plished, though after sacrifice of valuable men, and the Michigan boys deserve much praise for the handsome manner in which they executed their task. " On the 25th a musket ball from the enemy's skirmish line struck Lieutenant Colonel Comstock, wounding him so severely that he died the 8;ime evening. Following the death of Lieutenant Colonel Comstock, Captain Swift assumed command of the 1 7th. On the night of the 28th of November the skirmish line of the regiment was driven m, and 16 men were captured by the rebels. On the 2ytli it was engaged in the defense of Fort Saunders. JJuring the retreat to Knoxville, and during the siege, the men sullered greatly, especially while besieged, from the want of proper and suUiuient rations. On the 7th of December the 17th, in command of Lieutenant Col- onel Swift, who had been commissioned to rank from November 26th, moved from Knoxville in pursuit of the enemy, who had abandoned the siege and were retreating up the valley toward Morristowu. Advancing to llutledge, the 380 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. regiment remained there until the 15th, and thence fell back to Elain's Cross Koads. It encamped here until the IGth of January, 18G4, suffering much from want of supplies. Early in March the regiment moved up the valley as far as Morristown. On the 17th the 9ch corps having received orders tQ. report at Annapolis, Maryland, the rf ^imeut proceeded to Knoxville, where it arrived on the 20th, and on the 22d it commenced its march over the Cumberland mountains to Nicholasville, Kentucky. The march to the latter place, a dis- tance of 186 miles, was accomplished in ten and one-half days. From Nicho- lasville the regiment proceeded by railroad to Annapolis. It here received about 200 recruits. Marching, with its corps, from Annapolis via Washington and Alexandria, it joined the army of the Potomac near Warrenton Junction, Virginia, and engaging in the campaign of 1864, it crossed the Kupidan at Gerniania Ford on the 5th of May, in command of Colonel Luce, and on the 6th engaged the enemy in the Wilderness. Its loss on the 6th was 7 killed and 39 wounded. On the 8th the regiment moved, via Chancellorsville, toward Spottsylvania, and on the 9th arrived at Ny river, crossing near Spottsylvania Court House, where the enemy were in force. In the action of the 9Lh the regiment was detached from its brigade to support a battery. It subsequently moved across the Ny river, and secured, by a rapid movement, an important position, repulsing the enemy who were endeavoring to take pos- session of tlie ground. The following is from a report of Colonel Swift: "On the morning of the 9th of May, 1864, the division of General Willcox moved upon the enemy in the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court House. We found the enemy in force, occupying a commanding position on the Ny river, and the 2d brigade was ordered to cross the river and feel of the enemy. Romer's 2d New York battery, being brought into position, opened fire, and the 17th was temporarily detached from the 1st brigade to sup- port it. Meanwhile the 1st and 2d brigades, having become engaged, found the enemy in superior force, and the 1st Michigan sharpsliooters and 6Uth Ohio (the latter of the 1st brigade) had been repulsed with considerable loss from a very commanding position, leaving many of their wounded on the field, while the 2d brigade, which occupied the extreme right, was in danger of being flanked and cut off. At this juncture the commander of the 2d brigade sent back to division headquarters for assistance, and the 17th wtts ordered to advance. "The order was promptly obeyed and we crossed the creek at double-quick, and ad- vanced rapidly up the road to the position occupied by the 2d brigade and formed on its left and at once commenced erecting breastworlis. Word soon came that the enemy who, it seems, had retired from the crest of the hill from which they had repulsed our troops, were again advancing in force for the double purpose of gaining the crest and flanking us. No time was to be lost; by order from the brigade commander our men took arms and the 17th by a half wheel to the left, advanced at double-quick up the hill and occupied the crest just as a brigade of rebel troops were advancing up the other slope. We opened a well directed volley upon them, doing great execution, and in spite of the frantic efforts of their ollicers they broke and fled in the greatest disorder, leaving many of their dead and wounded in our hands. We thus secured by this well-timed and rapid movement a very important position, which we fortified." A correspondent writes : "We crossed the Rapidan soon after noon on the 5th (May) and heard the report of cannon and of fire-arms at 2 o'clock P. M. The battle raged furiously until late in tlie evening, about tliroo-quarters of a mile on our left. On the morning of the 6th the 17th Michigan was ordered to the front with the balance of the 3d division, being on the left of the 5tli corps, and remained under arms during a part of the forenoon, and was severely shelled by the enemy, but without any fatal casualties to the regiment. At 2 P. M. the brigade moved fartlier to the left, and after marching through the woods tluee- quarters of a mile, we found the enemy, and in a few moments were engaged in fighting Longstreet's corps, and contiimed fighting for two hours, wlien a part of the division was ordered to make a cliarge on the rebel entrenchments, wliich were carried very handsomely ; but the enemy strongly reinforced, and our forces being outflanked, we were compelled MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 381 to fall back In confusion. The 17th regiment rising up gave three cheers and p< Mired in a deadly tire on ihe advancing enemy, compelling them to retire in hasle. The otlictTS and men of the 17th rallied the disorganized regiments that were driven back, and formed them in the rear of our regiment. Our olTicers and men are deserving of great crnilit lor their courageous conduct during the temporary panic. The loss of the 17th up to this time was quite small. ' The troops remained holding the ground until 5 P. JI., when an order was given for the whole line to charge the enemy's works, which order was obeyed with alacrity, but the enemy being strongly entrenched we were unable to force them from their works. Il was a brave and gallant charge, but a fruitless one. Our troops suffered terribly. The losb of the 17th in this charge was 7 kUled and 33 wounded, out of 294 mea engaged in the contest. •' We remained in this position until the morning of the 7th, when wo returned to the field to bury our dead; but before this was accomplished we were ordered to build rifle- pils, in which work we were engaged all day, remaining there with our accoutrements on, and tln-n took up our line of march for Chancellorsville, reaching there on the 8th, and on the 9th reached the neighborhood of Spottsylvania Court House, where we found the enemy in strong position. The second brigade being in advance formed in line of battle, and advancing half a mile came upon the enemy in strong force. After a very gallant fight, finding the enemy too strong, reinforcements were demanded, when the 17ih Michi- gan was ordered to advance as soon as possible. They moved on double-quiok up the hill, passing by the first line of troops. As they marched up the 2d brigade gave us three hearty cheers. Our regiment, after having been shown a position, formed in line of battle on the left by file into line, wheeUng to the left on the double-quick, bringing tlie regiment on the enemy's flank, when we opened fire and drove them from the field. For gallant action, the commanders of the 1st and 2d brigades, commanded by Colonels Christ and Humphrey, respectively, and General Willcox, commanding the division, gave the 17th the highest praise, and as a compliment to the regiment gave it the position to hold, that being the key to that part of our line. Two regiments were sent to Colonel Luce with instructions to hold it, which was accomplished, and we also saved our dead and wounded comrades of the 60th Ohio from falling into the hands of the enemy, and also relieved the 2d brigade from its perilous position, which was handsomely acknowledged by Colonel Christ, its commander. A delay of three minutes would prob- ably have given the position and the day to the rebels. As it was, we gained and held it without the loss of a man. " On the 12th the whole division advanced about half a mile, driving the enemy back to their main works. At 2 P. M. our division was ordered to charge the enemy's batteries, and the division advanced under a tremendous shelling from the enemy. After advancing uito the woods about eighty rods it came unexpectedly upon the enemy's line, which was about to charge upon our batteries. The lines of the enemy extended in a circle around the left of our regiment, and closed on our rear, opening a heavy lire both in front and rear, at one time having the entire regiment prisoners. The nien fought desperately hand to hand with the enemy, and during the struggle 43 men and 4 officers succeeded in making their escape. "The officers and men engaged in this charge conducted themselves in their usual gal- lant manner, so much so that all parties speak of them with the highest commendation. General Willcox, who commanded the division, is entitled to the very highest praise for his noble conduct and gallant bearing during the whole affair." The regiment was actively ezigaged in the movements of the 10th and 11th, and on tlie i'2ih took pait in the charge on tlie rebel works. In this charge tlie loss of the regiment was ^3 killea, 73 wounded, and 93 taken prisoners, out of 2'io engaged. Among the killed were Captain John 8. V^reeland and Lieutenant Alfred E. Canlieid. The large loss in prisoners was owing to the regiment becoming surrounded by a greatly supeiior force in dense woods. Colonel iSwift says : " On the 12th of May, in the terrific charge made on the rebel works, we lost 23 killed, 73 wounded, and 9« missing; total 194, out of 225 that went into action in this charge. Never did men fight with more desperate valor than did the 17th on this occasion, but owing to our left giving way before a superior force we were surrounded in the deuso woods and lost many taken prisoners." On the 16th of May the regiment was detailed as engineer troops, and during o82 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the remainder of the year served as such. It moved from Spottsylvania, with its corps, to the North Anna river, thence across the Panmnky to Cold Har- bor, across the Chickaiiouiiiiy and the James rivers to the front of Petersburg, being present during all the operations of its corps in these movemejits. It remained with its corps during the siege of Petersburg, losing in all during the siege but two killed and eight wounded. On the 30th of September it moved with the army to Poplar Spring Cliurch. After the action or tliat date the regiment went into camp near the Peeble's House, where it remained on duty as engineers at the headquarters of the 1st division of the 9th army corps. During the month of November following, the regiment was before Peters- burg, and belonged to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps. Army of the Potomac. On December 2d it marched from Pegram Farm to Friend Farm, near the Appomattox river, where it remained during the winter, doing duty as division engineers and provost guard. During the attack of the rebels on Fort Steedman, March 25th, 1865, the regiment, then in command of Major Mathews, Colonel Swift being absent on furlough until the 27th, was advanced as skirmishers, and succeeded in repelling those of the enemy, taking sixty- five prisoners, the regiment losing one killed and two wounded. E'rom that time it was engaged very actively in repairing and reconstructing works in front of Petersburg, until April 2d, when the final assault was made on that stronghold. The regiment being held in reserve, its loss on that day was only two wounded. On the 3d it moved with its division into Petersburg, where it was engaged for three days guarding prisoners; on the 6th marched to Suther- land's Station, and on the 7th to Beasley's Farm, where it performed provost guard duty until the 10th, when it moved to Hobbs's Farm; on the 23d it marched at 11 A. M. and reached within six miles of Petersburg that night, being a distance of 27 miles, and on the 24th moved through Petersburg to City Point, where the regiment embarked on transports on the 25th, arriving at Alexandria on the 27tii ; on the 29th it reported for duty with the Isfc brigade, and marched to Washington, D. C, thence to Tannallytown, where it remained in camp until May 22d, when it proceeded to Washington and par- ticipated in the great review of the Army of the Potomac on the 23d, returning to its former encampment the same day, and remained there until June 3d, when it was mustered out of service and in command of Colonel Swift started by rail for Michigan on the 4Lh; on the 7th arrived at Detroit, where it was paid olf and discliarged. The 17th had engaged the enemy while in service at South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862; Antietani, Md., September 17, 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 12, 13, 14, 1862; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., June 22 to July 4, 1863; Jackson, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863; Blue Spring, Tenn., October 10, 1863; Loudon, Tenn., November 14, 1863; Lenoire Station, Tenn., Novem- ber 15, 1863; Campbell's Station, Tenn., November 16, 1863 ; siege of Knox- ville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1863; Tiuirley's Ford, Tenn., De- cember 15,1863; Fort Saunders, Tenn., November 29, 1863; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 22, 1864; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 6 and 7, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 9, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 11, 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 24, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 3, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 17, i8, 1864; the Crater, Va., July 30, J864; Weldon K. K., Va., August 19, 21, 1864; lleam's Station, Va., August 26, 1864; Poplar Spring Church, Va., September 30, 1864; Pegram Farm, Va., October 2, 1864; Boydton Koad, Va., October 8, 1864; MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 383 Hatcher's Run, Va October 27, 28, 1864; Fort Steedman, Va., March 25, 1865; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va. from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. ^ ' The regiment had a membership of 1,079, its losses were 283, of which 3 oacers and 89 men were killed in action, 4 officers and 35 men died of wounds, and lo2 of disease. nuuuuo, " The names of the fallen the traveler leaves Cut out vrith his knife ou the bark of the trees • But little avail his affectionate arts, ' For the name of the dead are engraved on our hearts." EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " Then sound the march! we pledge devotion In our blood on land and ocean." The reverses of McClellan on the Peninsula, causing a general alarm for the cause of the Union, induced the governors of the loyal States to memorialize President Lincoln regarding the emergency, as indicated in the following telegram : Bx Telegraph from New York, ) June 30 th, 1S62. ) To the Governor of Michigan : "Private and CoNPiDENTiAii. — Tn view of the present state of military movements, and the depleted condition of our efficient forces in the field, resultina: from the usual and unavoidable causes of the services, together with the large numbers of men required to garrison the numerous cities and military positions that have been captured, as well as to protect our avenues of supplies in the enemy's country, it is proposed to address a memorial to the President to-day, to be signed by all the governors of all the loyal States and some other officials of the country, requesting him at once to call upon the several loyal States for such number of men as may be required to fill up organizations in the field, and add such increased numbers of men to the army hei'etofore authorized as may in his judgment be necessary to speedily crush this rebellion and restore our government. The decisive moment to acoomplish this end it is beheved has aiTived. Shall we add your name to the memorial? E. D. MORGAN, Governor New York. R. G. GUETIN, Governor Pennsylvania. They were immediately telegraphed by Governor Blair to use his name on the memorial. As a result the President made his call on July 2d for 300,000 men, 11,686 being the quota of Michigan. Consequently an order was issued from tlie Adjutant General's office for tlie raising of six regiments in addition to the 17th already in process of organization, and to this number was subsequently added the 24th regiment. The following is an extract from the order referred to: "The governor has confidence in the loyaltj', patriotism, and coui-age of the people that they will cheerfully respond to the President's call, firmly believing that t:his foice will be quickly raised to aid in speedily putting an end forever to this unjustifiable and cruel rebellion. " The time has now arrived for men who love their country and desire its perpetuity as a nation to make sacrifices in its defense. Without resort to drafting let the ranks be speedily filled, let every heart be nerved, and every man welcome the hour that calls him to his counti-y's rescue. Let him be self-sacrificing, patriotic, and courageous. Let him make the camp his home, and the brave soldiers of the Union his companions until this national struggle be ended, and show that tlic privations, hardships, and dangers endured by the noble sons of tlie State who have fought their country's battles, and that the I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 385 bloody batde grounds so recently trodden by them have not drained the State of Its pat- riots nor lessened the love of her people for the national flag, nor their determination that its folds shall float over them unimpaired forever." Tliese regiments were apportioned to congressional districts under orders of July 15, l^ii'Z, and the recruitment of eacli was confined exclusively to its own district. Tlie 18th was assigned to the first district, to be recruited in the counties of Iliilsiiale, Lenawee, and Monroe, while Wayne, the other county of the district, umlertouk to raise the ^-ith regiment in addition. The rendezvous of the 18th was at Hillsdale, and for the purpoft of organ- ization was placed in charge of the Hon. Henry Waldron. The f\eld and staff were, Colonel, Charles E. Doolittle, Hillsdale; Lieutenant Colonel, George ypalding, Monroe; Major, John W. Horner, Adrian; Surgeon, Simoon P. Eoot, Somerset, Assistant Surgeon, Horace P. Woodward, Blissfiold; Second Assistant Surgeon, David S. Stevens, Oakville; Adjutant, Jno. C. Whipple, Monroe; Quartei'master, James H. Pratt, Hillsdale; Chaplain, David C. Curtis, Augusta. The regiment was made up of the following companies and mustered into service with the ofiicers named : A. Captain, Kdwin M. Hulburd, Hudson. First Lieutenant, Myron W. Eeed, Hudson. Second Lieutenant, James S. Riddle, Hudson. B. Captain, James D. Hinckley, Adrian. First Lieutenant, John Shelt, Eome. Second Lieutenant, George H. Wells, Tecumseh. C. Captain, John W. Horner, Adrian. First Lieutenant, Charles K. Miller, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Stephen A. Denison, Madison. D. Captain, C. B. Van Valer, Hillsdale. First Lieutenant, Jacob O. Ames, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, James G. Bunt, Hillsdale. E. Captain, Charles D. Stevens, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, WiUiam A. Weather- head, Tecumseh. Second Lieutenant, Kdward H. Hoag, Tecumseh. F. Captain, Theo. J. Hill, Exeter. First Lieutenant, Sheridan F. Hill, Eagle. Second Lieutenant, Stanley W. Turner, Hillsdale. G. Captain, George W. Bullcjck, Jonesville. First Lieutenant, John K. Randall, Fay- ette. Second Lieutenant, Harman Bross, Canandaigua. H. Captain, Richard P. Ingersoll, Dundee. First Lieutenant, Albert H. Babcock, Dundee. Second Lieutenant, Alonzo C. Clark, HiUsdale. I. Captain, David A. Dodge, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, William C. Moore, Medina. Second Lieutenant, Isaac O. Savage, Fairfield. K. Captain. John J. Stevens, ]\Ionroe. First Lieutenant, Henry D. Spaulding, Monroe. Second Lieutenant, Henry C. ElUott, Monroe. The recruitment of the regiment commenced July 15, 1SG2, and on the 26th of August was mustered into the service of the United Slates, leaving Hills- dale with 1,0U2 otticers and men on its rolls, in command of Colonel Doolittle, on September 4th following, with orders to report at Cincinnati. On the day the 18th left Us camp at Hillsdale, and while waiting at Toledo on the march to the front, an elegant flag of the finest material and work- manship arrived by express, which had been ordered made by tiie Hon. Henry Waldron, who had been charged by the Governor with raising the regiment. It was presented by Mr. Waldron in one of his best speeches, to whicli an elo- quent response was made by Major J. W. Horner, on behalf of the regiment, who as.-uied the donor liiat it should never be dishonored while in their hands. On the 1st of November following this regiment was stationed at Ijexington, Ky., and remained at that point until February 21st, 18G3, when it marched toward Danville, arriving on the 22d. On the 24th, witii the forces under General Carter, it retreated from Danville to the Kentucky river, skirmishing with the rebels under General Pegram during the retreat. On the 28th tlie 49 386 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. regiment joined in the pursuit of Pegram, following the rehels as far as Buck Creek, making a long and rapid march, partly over a rough, mountainous road. April 2d it returned to Stanford. On the 7th it was ordered to Leba- non, and thence proceeded by railroad to Nashville, arriving there Apri4 14th. From the 1st of November, 1863, to the 11th of June, 1864, the 18th was employed as provost guard at Nashville, Tenn. On the 12th of June the regi- ment arrived at Decatur, Ala., where it formed part of the garrison, although during the summer and fall it was engaged at times in scouting through tiie adjacent cauntry. On the 28th of June, being then in the 1st brigade, 4th division, 20th corps, it formed part of a force which surprised the camp of Patterson's brigade of rebel cavalry, at Pond Springs, Ala., capturing all their camp equipage, wagons, ambulances, and com n)issary stores, with some .prison- ers. On the 25th of July the regiment assisted in routing the same rebel bri- gade at Cortland, Ala. In both of these expeditions the reginient was in the advance, and was the only infantry engaged. On the 1st of September it left Decatur to reinforce the garrison at Athens, Ala., against a threatened attack by General Wheeler, then engaged in a raid through Tennessee. It arrived in Athens just in time to prevent the command of the rebel General Roddy from entering and pillaging the town. The regiment remained at Athens until the 8th, when it joined Colonel Streight's brigade, of General Steedman's com- mand, then in pursuit of Wheeler, and marched to Shoal Creek, within seven miles of Florence, Ala. Being in the advance, it here overtook and skirmished with Wheeler's rear guard. The pursuit being abandoned, the regiment returned to camp at Decatur, September 11th. A detachment of the regi- ment, numbering 231 officers and men, left Decatur on the 24th of September, with other trooi>s, to reinforce the garrison at Athens. When witiiin two miles of that place they were attacked by a force of the enemy, numbering, as since ascertained, about 4,000, under General Forrest. After five hours' desperate fighting with this superior force, during which their ammunition was expended, the detachment had succeeded in arriving within siglit of the fort at Athens, but finding it in possession of the enemy it surrendered. With the exception of a few who escaped, the entire command was either killed, wounded, or captured. On the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of October, 1864, the 18th, commanded by Major E. M. Hulburd, Colonel Doolittle being in command of the i)ost at Decatur, and Lieutenant Colonel Horner on detached service as provost marshal, participated in the successful defense of that place against the rebel army under Hood while advancing on the army of Thomas at Nashville. During the attack a detachment commanded by Captain William C. Moore, of the 18th, was sent out to dislodge a body of the enemy's sharpshooters that occupied a line of rifle-pits near one of the Union forts. The movement was successfully executed under a galling fire. The enemy was driven from his cover and 115 prisoners captured, with a loss to the detachment of only two slightly wounded. Following is the reiiort of Colonel Doolittle to the general commanding the district, giving a detailed account of the affair: " I have the honor to submit for the consideration of the general commandinc: tlie fol- lowing report of the part taken by ray command in the defense of Decatur, beginning on the 2Gth day and taiding on the 3llth day of October. "For some days previous to the 2GUi I had been watching the movements of Hood's army, as well as those of Fonx'st and lloddy, and scouted the surrounding counti-y as thoroughly as possible with the amount of cavalry at my disposal. On the morning of MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 387 the 26th I sent out two parties of fifty each on the Somervillo and Courtland roads. The one on the Somerville road met a considerable force of the enemy about three miles out and were obhged to retire. From the fact that this regiment (lUth Indiana Cavalry) had only been mounted and equipped as cavalry the day before, I was somewhat of the opinioa that the officer in charge had overestimated the force of the enemy, which he named at 3(10 or 400, and not expecting the advance of Hood's army for a day" or two at lenst, I was of the opinion that it might be a scouting party of Roddy's command. At 1.30 P. M. my videttes repoited the enemy advancing upon the place. I immediately directed the dififer- ent commands to be in readiness for action and rode out to the advance post on the Som- erville road to learn the extent of the movement. Seeing the enemy's columns forming into line and skirmishers out, I hastened to the camp of the 2d Tennessee Cavalry and directed Lieutenant Colonel W. F. Prosser to move out and hold the enemy in check till I could reinforce our line. I returned to headquarters and hurried forwaid a section of Battery A, 1st Tennessee Light Artillery, Captain A. F. Beach commanding, and the 10th Indiana Cavalry, about 300 strong, under Major Thomas G. Williamson. They were mov- ing at a walk, and hearing firing I rode to the head of the column and directed Major Williamson to trot and report to Lieutenant Colonel Prosser. I directed Lieutenant Col- onel Prosser to look well to the river bank and to extend the right so as to meet tho enemy at all points. The artillery had in meantime got into position in tho small redoubt commanding the Somerville road and vicinity, as directed, and soon opened lire on the •enemy's line of battle. I had placed the picket reserve of the 18th Michignn, which was stationed in this redoubt, as a support to this section. It was small, but all I could give it just then. I had ordered Captain Bullock, Provost Marshal, to get all not on duty of bridge guard and provost guard and bring them up as support. Finding that I could hold the enemy in check, about twenty minutes after the artillery opened lire I ordered tlie right wing of the 2yth Michigan Infantry, a new regiment which had just arrived and been placed in position behind breastworks on left flank, to move to the front and occupy the line of rifle-pits on the loft of the redoubt. This they did under a warm fire froiii the enemy's battery and small arms in good style for a new regiment. Soon after I ordered up the balance of the regiment, directing lOi) men under the Major to be sent to fort No. 1. About 4 o'clock I ordered Captain Charles Cooper, Chief of Artillery, to send a section of Battery F, 1st Ohio Artillery, to occupy a small earthwork on the left, and about 300 yards in rear of the redoubt occupied by Battery A, 1st Tennessee, opening upon the enemy with twelve-pounder Napoleons, which soon silenced the enemy's battery of live guns. The fight continued until dark, the enemy being unable to drive us back an inch, notwith- standing he made several attempts to charge my line in his usual boisterous manner. I then withdrew my forces inside the main works, leaving 100 of 2yth Michigan to stnmgthen the picket line and hold the line of rifle-pits. I had stationed all of the 102d Ohio left in ■camp, with a detachment of about 150 men of the 13th Wisconsin, under Captain Blake, in fort No. 2, which I placed immediately in charge of Colonel William Given, 102d Ohio, with instructions to watch well our i-ight flank. During the engagement my pickets on the line from the redoubt to the river on the right remained in their position, and when, night came my picket line was intact. I have ascertained that 1 was attacked by Wal- thal's division of Stewart's corps, Hood's army, 5,000 strong, whom I really fought with less than 500 men and a section of artillery, as the 29th Michigan and the small iletach- ment of 18th Michigan were not engaged. I am satisfied that the bold front I showed him deterred the enemy from charging and saved to us a strong position, which if held by the enemy would have caused us much trouble and great loss of fife. The enemy attempted to send in two flags of truce, but owing to the fact that he contiimed moving his troops into position they were not permitted to come in. I suppose it was a demand for surrender which would never have been acknowledged by me. The general conunanding arrived at dark and assumed the general direction of movements. During the night the gunboat Stone River arrived with detachments of 102(1 Ohio and 18th Mich- igan, numbering about about 200 men; also a detachment of 73d Indiana Infantry, from Athens, numbering 80 men. Tho morning of the 27th dawned upon us, showing tho enemy still in front of us on our left and extending aiound towards the river nearly to the Moulton road. Reinforcements came in slowly, consisting of 250 Hth U. S. C. I., under Colonel T. J. Moigan; 195 CSth Indiana Infantry, under Lieutenant Colonel H. J. Espy; and about 70 men of 13th Indiana Cavalry, equipped as mfantry, under Captain Wilson. Another detachment of 73d Indiana, under Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Wade, arrived, mak- ing about 150 of tho 73d Indiana Infantry. Nothing worthy of especial mention occurred during the day with the exception of the driving back of the enemy's skirmishers on our front and right flank by a detachment of 73d Indiana Infantry. " On the 28th, about 3 A. M., the enemy drove in a portion of my pickets from Moul- ton road to river on our right and established themselves in gopher hole.r. within 400 yards -of our works. I endeavored early in the morning to reestablish my lino, but found the 388 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. enemy too well protected to move them. By direction of the Genera] commanding, Cap- tain William C. Moore, with about 50 of the 18th Michigan and a few from district head- quarters, clerks and orderlies, moved down the river under cover of the bank and formed as skirmishers. He moved on the double-quick, driving the rebels out of their holes and capturing 115 prisoners. In this they were ably assisted by the 68th Indiana infantry, a detachment of which regiment was on picket, and many of the prisoners were taken by them. The artillery in the forts rendered great assistance. About noon, by direction of the General commanding, I ordered Colonel Morgan, 14th U. S. C. I., now numbering about 500 men, to charge a battery on the river bank, planted by the enemy during the previous night. To assist Colonel Morgan in his charge I ordered Lieutenant Colonel Wade with his command into line of rifle pits on our left flank, and posted one piece of battery F, 1st Ohio Light ArtiUery in the redoubt and small earthwork on that line with directions to employ the enemy while Colonel Morgan moved forward the battery. Our garrison at this time numbered only about 2,500 men. These bold moves had a beneficiaJ effect upon the enemy. Keinforcements arrived rapidly and were assigned positions in the works, special reports of which are made by commanding officers, and are submitted herewith as part of this report, giving us a total of about 5,000 men. " The morning of the 29th brought with it indications of the enemy's leaving, and a reconnoissance by Colonel Morgan, details of which are given in his report, developed the fact that only a strong rear guard remained. About 4 P. M. the enemy was driven out of his last line of rifle pits and I re-occupied the old picket line and my own headquarters which I had been obliged to vacate. Detachments of the 4:th, 18th, and 29th Michigan infantry, and l()2d ixnd 174th Ohio infantry under Colonel J. W. Hall, 4th Michigan, in all 950 men, were sent out at dark on the Courtland road. A very strong picket of th& eiiciuy was met about two miles out and the command returned to camp late at night. Tile morning of the 30th found us in peace and quietness, the sun shinhig brightly, and a sense of relief was entertained by all. I pushed out a reconnoissance on Courtland road under Colonel Morgan, consisting of his own regiment and 68th Indiana Infantry, with 80^ of the 2d Tennessee cavalry under Major McBeth. The rear guard of the enemy was met within two miles of town and driven a mile or more. The expedition returned tO' camp at 4 P. M. •' When I consider that we were confronted by the whole of General Hood's army, it seems miraculous almost that we could escape capture. Our works, although strong in some parts are very weak in others, and if we had been subjected to a heavy fire of artil- lery it would have been almost impossible to remain, and with new, untried troops form- ing the principal strength of our garrison, an assault by such an army would have made me very anxious. Our garrisons never exceeded 5,000 men with 19 pieces of artillery, two of which came during the night of the 28th from Huntsville. I must say, however, tliiit I never saw troops in better spirits, and their determination was strong not to give up the works. Through rain night and day. with loss of sleep and hard work, I never heard any complaint. Information gained from escaped negro soldiers, prisoners, and ■deserters, established the fact that it was the intention of the enemy, determined on by Generals Beauregard and Hood at Palmetto, to take Decatur and if he failed in that to- winter at Corinth. Hood's aggregate was about 40,000, with 60 pieces of artillery. He was heard to admit of a loss of 1,000 in killed and wounded alone, and this is fully con- firmed by soldiers and citizens. The whole of our loss during the siege in killed and wounded and prisoneis, 113. One hundred and thirty-nine prisoners were captured, incluiling 7 commissioned offiaers. Thirty-two small arms were taken, principally Enfield rifles. " For tlie action of the artillery I refer you to report of Captain Cooper, chief of aitll- lery, and Captain Beacli, Battery A, 1st Tennessee Artillery. The conduct of all th& troops was admirable and deserving of praise. Captain Wilson, 15th Indiana Cavalry, in charge of a detachment of his regiment, alone merits censure. He has been placed ia arrest and charges preferred against him. " I cannot close this report without extending to the commanding general my thanka for the latitude given me — his junior; and to all the troops, officers, and men I extend my thanks for liearty cooperation. I would especially mention Colonel William Given, 102d Ohio, who was immediately in charge of Fort No. 2; Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Wade, 73d Indiana, and Major Ed. M. Hulburd, 18th Michigan, 'who were at different times in com- mand of Fort No. 1. They were untiring in the discharge of their duties. Colonel Thomas Saylor, 29th Michigan, Colonel M. B. Houghton, 3d Michigan, Colonel J. W. Hall, 4th Michigan, Colonel J. S. Jones, 174th Ohio, Lieutenant Colonel H. J. Espy, 68th Indiana, Captam Blake, 13th Wisconsin, Captains Bullock and Reed, 18th Michigan, ren- dered great service, but to Colonel T. J. Morgan and his command — 14th U. S. colored infantry — I am especially indebted. His skill in handling his men, and his bravery under heavy lire, ai'e wortliy of notice. Lieutenant Colonel W. F. Prosser I carmot nraise too MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 389 highly, and I am much Indebted to him and Captain Beach for the success of the first day's fight. Major Williamson, 10th Indiana Cavalry, deserves notice. He held his posi- tion a^^ainst hoavy odds. The conduct of Captain VV. C. Moore and Lieutenant E. H. Baker, 18Lh Michigan, require no especial mention from me, as the general commanding observed their brilliant, bold dash upon the enemy's pickets. Captain John J. Stevens, post inspector, Captain C. S. Cooper, chief of artillery. Lieutenant C. T. Hewitt, A. A. A. G., Lieutenant P. V. "Wilkins, A. A. D. C, deserve especial mention for gallantry in carrying my orders on the field under heavy fire. I would also mention Captain H. H. Howe, of the general's staff, who assisted me during the first day. Surgeon J. M. Evans, pobt surgeon, gave every attention to the wounded. I have not mentioned Lieutenant Colonel J. M. Thornburg, as he was acting more immediately on the staff of the general commanding. Again I say I cannot praise too highly the conduct of all, and I would respectfully suggest that all engaged be ordered to inscribe upon their banners, ' Decatur.' Peiniit me also to remark that for a long time the garrison of Decatur has been too small, and that the troops have been too much ovei-worked. In my opinion this garrison should never be less than 3,01)0 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, with the present amount of artillery. As a point from which the enemy can be observed and information obtained it is unsur- passed, and the nature of the ground on the nortlr side of the river renders it of the utmost importance that it be retained in our possession. In the hands of the enemy, it would occasion us a vast amount of trouble. " Eecapitulation of strength of garrison: First day, 1,500; second day, 2,500; third day, 5,000." The following endorsement, recommending the promotion of Colonel Doo- little to a brigadier, mentions the regiment favorably: Headquarters Department of the Cumberland, | Pulaski, Tenn., December 30lh, 1864. f Colonel Doolittle's conduct at the defense of Decatur against the invading rebel army, in November last, was everything that could be asked. His regiment is also noted for its excellent discipline and elficieucy. GEO. H. THOMAS, Major General U. S. A., Commanding. On November 1st, 18G4, the regiment, in command of Major E. M. Hul- burd, was stationed at Decatur, where it remained doing garrison duty until the a5th, when the evacuation of the line of the Mempliis and Charleston rail- road, from Decatur to Stevenson, was commenced. Then it left Decatur, marching along the line of that railroad to Stevenson, a distance of eighty miles, reaching that point December 2d, where it was employed building forti- fications until tlie 19Lh, when it was ordered back to Decatur, via the Ten- nessee river. On the 5iod the regiment landed at Whitesboro, and marclied to Huntsville to aid in repelling a threatened attack by Forrest, and on the ;^-iLli returned to Whitesboro, and reembarked for Decatur, arriving tliere on the 28th. A correspondent writes: " Since my last, dated December 19th, at Stevenson, I will give you our movements up to the present time. On the 19th we broke cuni|) and niaiclied down to the Tennessee river, four miles from Stevenson, and camped for the night. December 20th marched on board of armed transport Stone Itivei', and steamed down the river; w<.'ather very bad and stormy; could not make much headway. On the 22(1, came down in sight of Decatur. Four gunboats went down and shelled the place; found that they had heavy guns placed to rake the river, and our biigade being too small, returned back up to Whites- boro; 2-lth, marched from Whitesboro to Huntsville; arrived at 1 A. M., a distance of tea miles; 24;th, marched from Huntsville to Whitesboro, and now on board the Stone River; 25th, steamed down toward Decatur and roconnoitered the shores for a place to land our forces, but on account of the rise in the river could not land within fifteen miles of the place; 26th, sent detachmt;nts h\m\ the different camps under Lieutenant Brewster, on a little tug boat, to build a bridge across a creek to cross our forces. While doing so, the rebels opened on them with two pieces of aitillery, but fortunately did no daniiige. The party had to return at daik. Major General Steedman's forces came up at Limestone 3S0 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. creek, and about six miles from Decatur, unloaded the transports at the creek, and useJ them to cross the troops over; 27th, Steedman's troops crossing all day under lire from the rebels. Our regiment marched down the river three miles, and went into camp; cavalry crossing the river all night. At daylight, found the rebels had evacuated the town; 28tn, we marched and took possession of the works. Our cavalry captured two guns and a number of prisoners; found the works all right; they had to commence to repair the railroad from here. " It retnaiiied at Decatur doing garrison duty, until tiie Hth of January, 1805, when it proceeded by rail to Huutsville, and was there engaged on Post duty. On June JiOth the regiment was ordered to Nashville for muster out, which was accomplished on the 26th, and on the 2'Jth, in command of Colonel Hor- ner, it left for Michigan, arriving at Jackson July 2d. On the 4th it was paid off and discharged. The regiment participated in encounters with the enemy at Danville, Ky., February 24, 1868; Pond Springs, Ala., June 28, 1864; Curtiss Wells, Ala., June 24, 1864; Courtland, Ala., July 25, 18G4 ; Athens, Ala., September 24,. 1864; Decatur, Ala., October 24, November 2d, 1864. The 18Lii had carried on its rolls 1,374 officers and men, and had lost 310, of which 11 meu were killed in action, 3 men died of wuuiuis, and 297 of disease. " For bright o'erhead Is overspread The flag that will not brook reproach, Though high are piled its dead." Notes. — The campaign service of this regiment was much retarded by its being held so long on provost guard duty at Nashville, contrary to the wishes of officers and men, iLc> detention being the result of its fine discipline and orderly deportment and high character of both officers and men, which were so fully appreciated by Andrew Johnson that it became his trusted regiment in the administration of affairs in that city. The discipline, efficiency, and fine condition of the 18th were proverbial throughout tlie department of the Cumberland, and its inspection never failed to demand and receive the fullest commendations of inspecting officers who uniformly referred to it as an example- worthy of following. Instances inserted. Headquaetees 1st Beigade, 2d Division, I Camp Ella Bishop, [• GenebaIj Obdees. Lexington, Kentucky, November- 5th, 1SG2. ) The general commanding takes great pleasure in publishing the following report of the Inspector General relating to the condition, appearance, and soldierly bearing of the Ibth Michigan regiment, now under his command. * * * t * * * 4c * >l< Arms are of the Springfield pattern, rifled muskets; their condition was not only good^ but superior to that of the arms of any volunteer regiment I ever inspected. I doubt if they are excelled by those of any regular regiment in the field. Accoutrementfi were without enumeration in good and serviceable condition; the car- tridge boxes well filled with ammunition. Knapnacks, Have/ sackK, and Canteens are in good order. Clolliing was in good condition and evinced care and cleanliness. '£hii Reginiental and Company books and papers were with a few unimportant excep- tions properly kept, and in a neat condition. This remark also extends to those of the llegimental Quartermaster. ■ The General Military appearance of the regiment was excellent, and evinced upon the part of its ollicers a degree of instruction and attention to duty which should be aspired to by less efficient regiments. Regimental Camp was found in good police. Very respectfully, your ob'd't serv't, H. M. JUDAH, Brig. Gen. and Inspector Gen. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 391 It is the earnest hope of the oomnianding general that in aW reports hereafter the excel- lent reputation of this regiment •will be sustained, and that its discipline and obedience to orders will not be surpassed by any other in the volunteer service. By command of BEIG. GENERAL G. CLAY SMITH. J. Speed Pevt, Captain and A. A. General. Headquakters of the Cumberland, Inspector Genekal's Office, Murjreesboro, May 16th, 1663. Colone'l:— I have the honor to call your attention to the following extract from letter of advice for Apuil of Captain Jeffries, inspector 4th division, IJth army corps: )^ * * * * * * 1^ The 18th and 22d Michigan and 104th Illinois are temporarily attached to this division and were inspected by nie, and are reported in the "consolidated report." I would par- ticularly n.eiition the 18th Michigan. Few regiments in the department are its superior hi military ajipearance, disciiiline or drill, and none in care of arms. Companies I and E of thib regiment deserve particular mention; also Company B of the 22d Michigan. m * * * * * * * m Yerv respectfully your obedient servant, ARTHUR C. DUCAT, To Lieut. Col. Goddard, Lieut. Col. and A. I. G. A. A. General Rosecrans' Army. Headquarters Dept. of the Cumberland, | May 19lh, 1863. [ Respectfully referred to commanding officer 18th Michigan Infantry. By command of Major Geiitiial Rosecrans. WILLIAM W. MICHAEL, Major and A. A. Q. NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. '* Come! come ye braves — aye, come! The battle dawn is nif^h; And the screaming trump and the thundering drum Are calhng thee to die!" The 19th was aFS'gned to the Second Congressional District, to be recruited in the counues of Bunich, St. Joseph, Cass, Berrien, Kahtmazoo. Van Buien, and Allegan. Its Ciiniji was at Dowagiac, with the Hon. Henry C. Gilbert as commandant of canip, who was charged with the organization of the regiment, and subsequently commissioned as colonel. Recruiting was C( nmienced July i5th, 186'?, and was accomplished Sep- tember 5th, when the following field and staff and the companies hereafter named were mustered into the tl. S. Service: Colonel, Henry C. Gilbert, Coldwater. Lieutenant Colonel, David Bacon, Niles. Major, "William R. Shai'ter, Galesburg. Surgeon, William E. Clark, Dowagiac. Assistant Surgeon, John Bennett, CentreviUe. Second Assistant Surgeon, Leander D. Tompkins, Cassopolis. Adjutant, Hamlet B Adams, Coldwater. Quartermaster, Warren Chapman, St. Joseph. Chaplain, Israel Cogshall, Coldwater. A. Captain, Joel H. Smith, Allegan. First Lieutenant, George T. Shaffer, Calvin. Second Lieutenant, Ecuben B. Lazalere, Dowagiac. B. Captain, Elisha B. Bassett, Allegan." First Lieutenant, William T. Darrow, Allegan. Second Lieutenant, Samuel M. Hubbard, Otsego. C. Captain, Charles P. Lincoln, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, Smith W. Fisk, Cold- water. Second Lieutenant, Lucius M. Wing, Coldwater. D. Captain, Hazen W. Brown, Constantine. First Lieutenant, Frank D. Baldwin, Con- stantine. Second Lieutenant, Charles W. Fonda, CentreviUe. E. Captain, John J. Baker, Sturgis. First Lieutenant, David J. Easton, Sturgis. Sec- ond Lieutenant, John F. Clark, Sturgis. F. Captam, Charles A. Thompsnii, Jr., Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, Horace Tomp- kms, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, Henry A. Ford, Niles. G. Captain, Charles W. Bigelow, South Haven. First Lieutenant, Adam Ferguson, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, John A. Stafford, Decatur. H Captain, George H. While, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, David Anderson, Matte- Bon. Second Lieutenant, James A. Shoecraft, Coldwater. I. Captain, Richard Lysaght, St. Joseph. First Lieutenant, Henry M. Brown, St. Joseph. Second Lieutenant, C harles H. Calmer, St. Joseph. K. Captain, Phelix DuIIie, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, John Whaley, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, Elislia Darlhig, Kalamazoo. The regiment broke camp September 14th, and in command of Colonel Gilbert took its route to Cinciiiuali with 9t5 of an aggregate stiength. It was attached to the let division of theAimyof the Ohio, and was stationed iu Kentucky duiing Octob^-r, November, and December following. Ou the Ist of January, 1803, it was stationed at Danville, and belonged to Colonel Coburn's biigade, liaird's division. Army of Kentucky. Tliis army MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 393 having been transferred to the department of the Cnmberland, as a "reserve corps," the 19th moved with its brigade to Nashville, where it arrived Feb- ruary 7th, proceeding thence to Franklin. On the 4lh of March, with 600 cavalry and 200 additional infantry, it took part with its brigade in a recon- noissance in force. After a march of four miles skirmishing commenced with the enemy's scouts and advanced pickets, but the rebels retiring the brigade encamped, the 19th having lost in the skirmish one wounded. Tlie march having been resumed ou the following day, the enemy were met in force at Thompson's Station, nine miles from Franklin. The 19th, with others, fight stubbornly against immense odds, attack after attack is repulsed ; struggling nobly without hope, defeat and capture inevita- ble, they surrender; the Colonel offers his sword ; it is refused ; the rebel com- mander says: "Au officer so brave, with a regiment so gallant, deserves liis sword." This was a very sanguinary engagement. At times the contest was severe and the figliting terrific. Three charges were made by the enemy and gal- lantly repulsed. In one charge the 19th captures the colors of the 4th Missis- sippi and several prisoners. After an engagement of five hours their ammuni- tion became exhausted, and the entire force surrendered to the enemy, excepting a few who succeeded in making their escape. The rebel force proved to be the entire cavalry force of Bragg's army, 18,000 strong, under General Van Dorn. The 19th went into the action with 512 oflicers and men, of which number 113 were killed and wounded. Those of the regiment that had escaped and those that had been left in camp at Franklin, were sent to Brent- wood, organized with the remaining fragments of the brigade, and placed under command of an officer belonging to another regiment. This force was surrendered by that officer to the rebel General Forrest without firing a gun, on the 25th of March, The enlisted men were soon paroled and sent north. The commissioned officers were exchanged on the 25th of May. In the "liebellion ilecord" is a letter from Colonel John McCrea to Gover- nor Morton, of Indiana, under date of Franklin, Tennessee, March l*ui, 1863, from which the following is an extract: ""Wednesday, the 4th of March, the brigrade under command of Colonel Coburn had several skirmishes Avith the rebels under command of Van Dora. Thursday morning, Colonel Coburn behig satisfied that the enemy had been largely reinforced through the night, sent an orderly to General Gilbert asking for reinforcements. To this request General Gilbert said, 'Colonel Coburn must be scared!' and wrote the following order: ' Your force is sufficient; move forward!* Colonel Coburn, rather that disobey the order of his superior officer, advanced to meet an enemy said to be ton times greater than the force which he had under his command, which consisted of the 23d and 85th Indiana, 19th Michigan, and 22d Wisconsin Infantry regiments, and the 124th Ohio Infantry in reserve; also tlie 18th Ohio battery, yth Penusyivauia, 2d Michigan, and a part of the 4th Tennessee Cavalry Regiments. "This force moved up the Columbia road. The 85th and 23d, with one section of the battery, occupied a hill on the right of the road, near Thompson's Station, ou the Franklin railroad, while the I'Jth Michigan and 22d Wisconsin, with the other section of the baiLery, occupied the hill on the left. " The rebels at first opened a brisk fire from two batteries in front of the position oceu- pied by our troops. After an hour's cannonading Colonel Coburn brought up tlie 3'M and 85th Indiana and ordered a charge upon the slatioii, where the rebels were concealed in and around the houses. They succeeded in drivhig them from the station, lie then ordered them to take the battery in front. The men moved on in good order. To the right of this battery was a stone wall fence, where the rebels were posted in large ninn- bers; from behind this fence they poured in a galling and destructive tire causing our men to fall back, but they reformed at the crest of the hill and resisted successfully llie ehaige of two brigades. Colonel Coburn thou brought over the lyih Michigan, and twice again 50 394 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. did these three regiments drive back the enemy in greatly superior force. Another force of the enemy now came around the left flank and drove the 22d Wisconsin from the hill, the battery having been veithdrawn for want of ammunition. Colonel Coburn then attempted to withdraw his forces, but the enemy closing in upon the right as well as left, and ammunition having given out with his infantry, he was forced to surrender. " The regiment was reorganized at Camp Chase, Ohio, and on the 8th of June, 1863, left Columbus, arriving at Nashville on the 11th. It took pai-t in the advance on Tallahoma in June. On the28d of July the regiment was ordered to Murfreesboro and went upon garrison duty in the fortifications. Company D, of tiie 19th, commanded by Lieutenant Frank D. Baldwin, numbering fifty men, having been stationed at a stockade on the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad at Stone river, were attacked on the 5th of October by a large force of rebel cavalry and artillery under Major General Wheeler, and after a most gallant but hopeless resistance, having lost six in wounded, the company surrendered, but after having been plundered were released. October 25th, the regiment, then in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 20th corps, was ordered to McMinnville, Tenn., where it was employed in the construction of fortifica- tions. This regiment garrisoned the post of McMinnville until the 21st of April, 1864. It here built several forts, constructed a railroad bridge, repaired a locomotive which the rebels had attempted to destroy when they evacuated this place, put a steam saw-mill in operation, and got out lumber for block- houses and other purposes. April 30, the regiment, which had been ordered to join its division, arrived at Lookout Valley, whence it moved on the 3d of May, with the army then about entering upon the Georgia campaign. From the 5th to the 10th of May the regiment formed part of the force that made a demonstration on Buzzard's Roost, but was not engaged. Marching through Snake Creek Gap it took part in the battle of Kesaca, May 15th. In this action the regiment participated in a charge on and capture of one of the' enemy's batteries. Its loss was 14 killed and 66 wounded. Colonel Henry C. Gilbert, commanding the regiment, was mortally wounded during this charge- on the rebel battery, and died of his wounds at Chickamauga, May 24th fol- lowing. Captain C. H. Chalmer being killed in the same charge. In a report covering the services of the regiment in that engagement Major E. A. Gnffin says : "♦ * * On the 15th of May, 1864, the regiment participated in a charge on the enemy at Eesaca, Georgia. With the brigade we charged a rebel battery, capturing the entire battery of four guns under a heavy fire from the enemy's infantry. Our brave conimaiider, Colonel Henry C. Gilbert, received a mortal wound while cheering on and leading his men to the charge. Captain C. H. Chalmer was killed in the charge, at the muzzle of one of the enemy's guns, while at the head of his company." * * On the 19th of May the regiment, in command of Major E. A. Griffin, charged into Cassville, and as.-isted in driving out the enemy, lo^^ing 1 m killed, and 4 wounded. It again engaged at New Hope Church on the 25th of May, where it sustained a loss of 5 killed, and 47 wounded, including Lieutenant Chas. Mandeville among the killed, while Captain Chas. W. Bige- low was mortally wounded and died of his wounds on the 29th same montlu From the "American Conflict" is taken tlio following: " Tiiomas, advancing fiom Burnt Hickory to Dallas, was confronted at Pumpkinvine creek by rebel cavalry, wlmm he rapidly pushed across, saving the burning biidgc; but as Hooker's corps in the van pushed on, his foremost division (Geary's) found the enemy in hue of battle, and a severe conflict ensued without decisive result. Hooker finally con- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 395 centrated his command four miles north of Dallas and struck hard by Sherman's order at Stewart's position covering New Hope Church, whence, though he gained some ground, he was unable to drive the well-sheltered foe. " On the 15th of June it was again engaged at Golgotha Church, losing 4 killed and 9 wounded. Among the seveiely wounded was Major Gnlliii, eoni- uianding the regiment, while defending his position against an assault of the enemy, who died next day of his wounds. On the :^".3d it was engaged at Gulp's Faru), in command of Captain John J. Baker, where its casualties were 13 wounded. Following up the rebel army after its evacuation of the position at Kenesaw Mountain, and crossing the Chattahoochee, the regiment partici- pated in the repulse of the fierce attack of the enemy on our lines at Peach Tree creek, on the 20th of July. The loss of the regiment in this battle was 4 killed and 35 wounded, including Captain Baker. During the siege of Atlanta, from July 22d to August 25th, the regiment, in command of Captain David Anderson, constructed several strong lines of works, but although under the tire of artillery and sharpshooters, did not participate in any of the engage- ments that took place. Its loss during the siege was 2 killed and G wounded. The regiment did not take part in the flank movement to the south of Atlanta, but falling back with its corps took position at Tanner's Ferry, on the Chatta- hoochee river, where it remained until the 2d of September. At this date the greater portion of the regiment, with a force under Colonel Coburn, of its bri- gade, made a reconnoissance toward Atlanta. This force advanced to the city limits, and finding it evacuated by the enemy, excepting by a few cavalry, took possession. On the following day the remainder of the regiment entered the city with its corps. September 5th the regiment was temporarily detached from its brigade, and was assigned as guard for the quartermaster, commissary, and ordnance department, and was thus employed on the 30tii of October, 18(J4. This regiment, in command of Major Baker, was serving with General Sher- man's army on the 1st of November, 18U4, attached to the 2d brigade, 3d division, 20th corps, and at that time was quartered in the city of Atlanta, Ga., and on the 15th moved with its brigade on the great march toward Savannah, passnig through Madison, where it assisted in destroying the railroads, bridi^i'S, factories, furuaces, mills, and every kind of property in that vicinity which could be made useful by the enemy ; then movnig to the right, directly towards Milledgeville, reaching there on the 22d, and again resuming the march on the 2od, passing through Davisboro, Louisville, and Milieu, after a long and fatiguing march reached Savannah, where it took an active part in the siege of that city until its evacuation on the 21st of December. The regiment remained near Savannah until the 1st of January, 18G5, when, in command of Major Anderson, with a portion of the 20th corps, it crossed the Savannah river into South Carolina, moving up along the line of that river to Hardee's plantation, through Perr\sburg and Kobertsville, and on the 2d of February moved with the army on its march through South Carolina, crossing the Pedee river at Cheraw into North Carolina, arriving at Fayetteville March llth, and utter the complete destruction of the arsenal and otiier public buildings at that point, with its brigade crossed Cape Fear river and moved in the direction of Raleigh, and on the IGth met the enemy in heavy force near AverysUoro, wliere a battle ensued, in which the regiment took an active and important part; its brigade being ordered to assault his works, promptly and gallantly carried them, capturing his artillery and many prisoners, the regiment losing Captain k 396 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. L. Gibbon, Lieutenant Charles Purcell, and 4 killed and 16 wounded, several severely. A report of Major D. Anderson, commanding regiment, says: " On the 16th of March the enemy was met near Averysboro, and a battle ensued, in which the regiment tooli an active and important part. The brigade to which the regi- ment was attached being ordered to assault the enemy's worlis, the order was gallantly and promptly obeyed, resulting in the capture of the works, the regiment capturing two pieces of artillery and many prisoners. In this assault we lost two brave officei's, Cap- tain Leonard Gibbon and Lieutenant Charles G. Purcell, killed." On the 19th the enemy was again met at Bentonville, where the regiment was in line of battle, but did not become actively engaged. Moving from that point the regiment reached Goldsboro on the 24th, then proceeded to Raleigh, where it remained until after the surrender of Johnston's army, when it marched with its corps to Alexandria, Va., arriving there on the 18th of May, and on the 24th participated in the grand review of General Sher- man's army in Washington. The regiment remained in camp near Washing- ton until June 10th, when it was mustered out of service, and, in command of Major Anderson, was ordered to Michigan, arriving on the 13th at Jackson, where it was paid off and disbanded. The 19th was in engagements at Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 5, 1803; Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, Tenn., October 5, 1863; Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864; Cassville, Ga., May 19, 1864; New Hope Church, Ga., May 25, 1864; Golgotha, Ga., June 15, 1864; Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to September 2, 1864; Savannah, Ga., December 11, 18, 20, 21, 1864; Averysboro, N. C, March 16, 1865; Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1865. The entire membership of the regiment was 1,238, of which it lost .13?, as follows : 4 officers and 50 men killed in action, 3 officers and 38 men died of wounds, and 142 of disease. " Strong men fast asleep, With coverlets wrought of clay, Do sweet dreams o'er you creep Of friends who are here to-day?" TWENTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " Our country calls! We join this leap:ue. And pledge ourselves with eai-nest zeal — "With loyal hearts and lifted hands, To firmly stand, come woe or weal." The 20tb was raised in tlie third congressional district, composed of the counties of Wasiitenaw, Jackson, Calhoun, Eaton, and Ingham. Its camp was at Jackson, and the commandant appointed to supervise the organization was the Hon. Fidus Livermore of that place. The recruitment was commenced July 15th, 18G2, and the muster into the service of the United States accomplished on the 19th of August following. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Adolphus W. Williams, Lansing, Lieutenant Colonel, Huntington W. Smith, Adrian. Major, Byron M. Cutcheon, Ypsilanti. Surgeon, Simeon S. French, Battle Creek. Assistant Surgeon, WiUiam H. Paine, Eaton Eapids. Second Assistant Surgeon, Oramel L. Eider, Norvell. Chaplain, Joseph Jones, Charlotte. Adjutant, Hiram S. War- ner, Marshall. Quartermaster, James A. Dwight, Ypsilanti. The following companies made up the regiment and were mustered into service with the officers named : A. Captain, Huntington W. Smith, Adrian. First Lieutenant, Dennis C. Calkins, Lan- sing. Second Lieutenant, William A. Dewey, Leslie. B. Captain, Byron M. Cutcheon, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, Charles T. Allen, Sharon. Second Lieutenant, Augustus Van Cleve, Ypsilanti. C. Captain, George C. Barnes, Battle Creek. First Lieutenant, Joseph H. Weeks, Battle Creek. Second Lieutenant, Charles J. Brown, Battle Creek. D. Captain, Claudius B. Grant, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, Roswell P. Carpenter, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, David E. Ainsworth, Ann Arbor. E. Captain, John Anderson, Parma. First Lieutenant, Francis Porter, Parma. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Albert P. Merrill, Parma. F. Captain, Silas P. Warner, Grass Lake. First Lieutenant, Joshua B. Leeland, Northfield. Second Lieutenant, Wesley L. Robinson, Waterloo. G. Captain, Luke B. Willis, Eaton Rapids. First Lieutenant, John S. Montgomery, Eaton Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Peter KaulTman, Charlotte. H. Captain, Wendell D. Wiltsie, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, E. P. Perkins, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Walter McCollum, Lodi. I. Captain, Charles C. Dodge, Marshall. First Lieutenant, George W. Bullis, Johns- town. Second Lieutenant, Josiah T. Hammond, Tekonsha. K. Captain, Elijah Hammond, Chelsea. First Lieutenant, Silas L. Sergent, Chelsea, Second Lieutenant, Clarence L. Whedon, Chelsea. The regiment left its rendezvous at Jackson for Washington September let, 1862, in command of Colonel Williams, with 1,012 otlicers and men on the rolls, and on its arrival at Washington was sent into camp at Fort Lyon, near Alex- 398 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. andria, with orders to report to General Buniside, commanding the 9th army corps of the Potomac. On September 8th the regiment marched to join Burnside, then on the Maryland campaign, but on reaching Leesboro the army had moved. It remained at that point until the 18th, wlien it mai'ched for Sharpsburg via Frederick City, Middleton, and Boonsboro, arriving at Sharps- burg on the 22d. Here the regiment was attached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th army corps. After remaining at Sharpsburg for about two weeks it moved to Pleasant Valley, Md., where it remained in camp until about October 14th, when by a forced night march it moved to Nolan's Ford to cut off the retreat of Stuart's cavalry from Maryland, but they had already made their escape. The 20th remained on picket duty at the ford until October 30th, when it forded the Potomac at Point of Hocks, and joined the division at Waterford, Va. The regiment with its division commenced to advance from Waterford towards Culpepper on November 2d, and on the T4th the enemy was met at White Sulphur Springs, where a slight skirmish occurred, but in which the regiment did not partici|)ate. On the 15th it picketed Thompson's Ford, near the Spring, and in the night made a forced march of twenty miles to Bealton Station, where it again rejoined the division. From that point the regiment moved with the advance on Fredericksburg, reaching there on the 19th, and went into camp with the army at Falmouth. Soon after the 20th took the field the ladies of Jackson gave it an elegant silk ilag, on which was inscribed the State arms. Tiie flag was sent to the reg- iment cit Washington, but only reached it at the encampment opposite Fred- ericksburg. The presentation occurred on Thanksgiving day, 18(i2, in a pat- riotic addiess by Mrs. Governor Blair, read by Assistant Surgeon 0. P. Chubb, and an elegant response was made by Major Byron M. Cutcheon for the regi- ment. This flag was carried in all the cami)aigns of the regiment until the spring of 18G4, when becoming very much tattered and torn it became neces- sary to send it back to the State. The regiment«crossed the Rappahannock December 13th, 18G3, but being in the reserve at the battle of Fredericksburg, its loss was only 11 wounded, most of them slightly. After the return to camp near Falmouth the regiment suf- fered much from sickness, embarking at Aquia Creek February 19th, 1863, for New()ort News. It was favoi'ably located at that point, and the health and 61)ints of the men rapidly improved. Leaving Newport News March 19th with the 9th corps, it proceeded via Baltimore, Parkersburg, and Cincinnati to Kentu(;ky. On the Uth of May a detachment of 100 men in command of Cajjtain Wiltsie, having been dispatched to break u[) a party of guerrillas at the narrows of the Cumberland, were attacked on their return by the advance guard of the I'ebel forces under General John H. Morgan, and were obliged to fall back with considerable loss. The following morning the entire force under Morgan attacked the 20th, then in command of Lieutenant Colonel Smith, in its position at the narrows of Horse Slioe Bend, on the Cumberland river. The light lasted all day, the enemy finally retiring with a loss, as ascertained, of between 300 and 400. The loss of the 20th amounted in all to 29, of whom 5 were killest of a height to the left. These were to hold the road and jjrevent a cavalry dash. Companies B and E held the continuation of the fence to the left, and the extreme left was held by a battal- ion of tlie 12th Kentucky, cavalry companies dismounted. Companies I and G were in reserve at the foot of tlie hill in rear of tiie center. At about 4 P. M. one piece of Captain 400 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Sim's battery arrived upon the ground, and took position on an eminence on tlie extreme left. Companies B, I, and G were ordered forward to the support of the gun. The gua immediately opened a well directed fire upon the house, orchard, and woods in which the rebels were massed. At the same time a charge was ordered, which was executed in. most gallant style, clearing the enemy from the house, orchard, and fence, where they had lain during the day, and driving them into the woods. We were soon met dy a coun- ter charge in such immensely superior numbers that we were obliged to fall bacli to our former position, which was held with the greatest obstinacy for three-quarters of an hour, when the men being exhausted with the unequal contest and long abstinence from food and sleep, it was deemed prudent to withdraw to the north side of the Cumberland, which was done without loss or accident. " I take great pleasure in saying that not a company in the regiment but conducted itself in a brave, manly, and courageous manner, and all seemed over-anxious to be the first in and the last out of the fight. " We crossed the river without any confusion or accident, completing the same at about 7 o'clock, and bivouacked for the night on a bluff commanding the ferry. I have to report with regret the loss of several excellent officers during the skirmish of Saturday and the fight of Sunday, consisting of Lieutenant William M. Green, of Company A, who was killed on Sunday, an officer highly esteemed by his men and much respected by his asso- ciate officers; also Lieutenant Clement A. Lounsberry, of Company I, wounded severely in the thigh on Saturday whUe returning to the regiment fi'om the party of scouts; and Lieutenant H. V. Knight, of Company H, who was taken prisoner with several soldiers of the scouting party. . "Monday, May 11th, I received orders to move back to Columbia, and commenced doing so at 12 M., under a very hot sun; marched thirteen miles and bivouacked for the night. On the way we met the 17th Michigan coming to our aid. "Tuesday, May 12th, marched at 6 o'clock, arriving at Columbia at 10.30 A. M. Here we joined the brigade and received our camp equipments and baggage. "Loss, 4 killed, 18 wounded, and 6 missing. "Where all the officers of my regiment were cool, active, and courageous, it is almost impossible to specify particular instances. I cannot, however, refrain from mentioning the names of Major Cutcheon, for his courage, promptness, and activity in dischargmg the duties of his office, which was done fearlessly, and times under great danger; Cap- tains Barnes, Grant, Wiltsie, Allen, Dewey, Carpenter, and Porter, and Lieutenant Bullis, All deserve mention, but these attracted my attention in particular. AU the officers and men vied with each other in their efforts to merit well of their country and of their com- mander. "Union kUled, 9; wounded, 35; rebels killed, 157; wounded, nearly 300." The Louisville Journal, June 4th, 1863, said : " The recent fight which Colonel Jacobs had with John Morgan near Narrow Horse- Shoe Bottom, a quarter of a mile from the Cumberland river, and about twelve miles above Monticello, in Wayne county, was much more destructive to the rebels than was at first supposed. The loss in killed has been definitely ascertained to be 157, while the wounded are variously estimated at from 350 to 500. It is certain that nearly every house in the neighboring valley contains disabled rebels. Our correspondent Fidler gives- an excellent account of this affair, but his information is in some respects incorrect. " The force of 450 men had been sent out by Colonel Jacobs to reinforce a party of lOO who had gone on an expedition to break up a desperate band of guerrillas. They were completely successful in their object, but fell in with the advance of Morgan's main army, when they retired in excellent order and fighting desperately. Captains W. D. Wiltsie, of the 20th Michigan Infantry, Wilson, of the 12th Kentucky Cavalry, and Searcey, of the 9th Kentucky Cavalry, led their men with great gallantry. The fight was in the open field of Coffey's, just outside the narrows of Horse Shoe Bottom, and was desperately contended for against Morgan's whole force for fifty-five minutes, after the gallant boys had previously almost destroyed Cluke's force and driven them to a point of surrender, which would have been accomplished had it not been for the timely aid of Morgan. A demand for an unconditional surrender was sent to Colonel Jacobs by Mor- gan, which iiaving been promptly refused, he carried his whole force to the north side of the river to rejoin his main command, and Morgan did not feel the least disposition to fol- low, but it is understood returned to Monticello. No men could have behaved better thaa the 12th Kentucky Cavalry and the 20th Michigan Infantry. Tliis spirited affair unques- tionably prevented iM organ from effecting a contemplated raid into our State, for prison- ers state that he acknowledged that the desperate resistance at the narrows had com- pletely frustrated all his plans. " MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 401 The regiment, then in the 3d brigade, afterwards fell back to Columbia, and June od received orders to proceed with tlie.reuuiiiider of tlie 9th corps to reinforce General Grant, at Vicksburg. It aided in fortifying Hayne's lilufE and 0;ik Kiiige, and on the surrender of Vicksburg the regiment moved with the army to Jackson. July 10th and 11th it was engaged in skirmishing be- fore that place with a loss of three wounded. After the evacuation of Jack- son, the 2uth was sent to Madison Station to destroy the railroad. July 24th, it again reached Hayne's Bhiff. In this camjiaign of twenty days the heat was terrible, and many fainted on the march. l)uring its stay in Mississippi, the 2Uth lost by deaths from disease eighteen men and two officers, Lieutenants J. B. Leeland and W. H. Fame, and at times almost half the regiment were sick. Embarking August 3d, the regiment proceeded to Kentucky, and on the 10th of September participated in the movement on Knoxville, Tennessee, marching via Cumberland Gap. October 10th, the regiment took part in the engagement at Blue Springs with a loss of one killed and two wounded. The JiOth Wcis, on the 1st of November, 1863, at Lenoir Station, East Ten- nessee, where it remained until the 14th. The enemy making, at this time, their advance toward Knoxville, the regiment was ordered to Hough's Ferry, with other forces, to check their advance, but on the 15th fell back to Lenoir Station, the regiment covering the retreat, and holding the Loudon Road during the night. On the Kith, the army continuing the retreat to Knoxville, the 2Uth with the 2d and 17th Michigan Infantry, were constituted the rear guard. The enemy followed them up with great vigor and at times pressed theai very heavily. At Turkey Creek, near Campbell's Station, the rear was attacked by the enemy in force, but successfully sustained the attack for over two hours, when they were reinforced. The loss of the 20th during this action was 33 in killed and wounded. Among the former was its commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Smith. The commanding officer's report says: '•* * * On the 16th November our army commenced moving back on Knox- ville, and the 2l)th, 2d and i7th Michigan regiments were constituted rear guard to the army, a post of great honor and responsibility, as the enemy were pressing us very heav- ily. When we reached Turliey Creek, McLaw's rebel division attacked us with great vigor, and we became heavily engaged. Among the first who fell was Lieutenant Colonel W. Huntington Smith, who had commanded ihe regiment several months. He was a brave and efficient officer, and his loss is deeply felt by the regiment." * ♦ * On the morning of the 17th, the regiment, in command of Major Cutcheon, arrived at Knoxville, having marched all niglit over bad roads, it being the third night that it had been without rest. Tlie enemy made their appearance before Knoxville on the 17th, and commenced the siege, which continued until the 5th of Ufcember. On the 29th of November it assisted in repelling the desperate assault made on Fort Saunders, losing two killed and eight seriously wounded. Thirteen of the regiment on picket at the time, were reported missing. From commanding officer's report is taken the following: "* * • At Knoxville the regiment occupied a position on the most exposed part of the line, and lost heavily in the trenches. Captain W. D. Wiltsie, who fell during the siege, was an officer of great ability, zeal, and courage." * • * ♦ ♦ He was mortally wounded on the 25th of November, and died on the 27th of the same month. From correspondence Detroit Advertiser and Tribune is taken the following: 51 402 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Headquakters 20th Michigan Infantey, ) Near Blain's Cross Roads, East Tennessee, Jan. 1, 1864. ) "As your former correspondent with this brigade C'J. T. M.') has had the misfortune to 'fail to connect,' in other words has been captured, and is now paying his devoirs to Miss 'Libbie Prison,' perhaps you will consider it no intrusion if another — an old friend — takes up his fallen mantle. Since the late operations in East Tennessee I have seen so much in the northern journals that was absolutely /aZse— so much that was only partially true — so much that lacked in justice to the JVlichigan troops, and so much that was more than just to certain other troops, that I am forced for the nonce to throw down the sword and take up the quill. It was but this evening that I took up a paper — a Michigan paper — containing what purported to be a list of casualties in this regiment. In the first place the number was less than one-fourth of the real number, and in the second place there •was not a single name correctly given. The list was copied from an eastern paper and is of a piece with the greater share of their correspondence. "Justice has not been done the Michigan boys, and with your permission I would give you some history of Burnside's last campaign in East Tennessee, with facts and figures. "It was on the 27th of October, 1863, that we evacuated Loudon and fell back to Lenoir, hoping to remain in whiter quarters there for some time. Until November 13th we, the 9th corps, were engaged in building winter quarters. But on the night of Novem- ber 13th Mr. Longstreet very ungenerously and rudely disturbed our dreams of bliss by ■crossing the Tennessee six miles below Loudon. " The river at this point makes an immense 'horse shoe' with Loudon at one point of the heel and Hough's Ferry at the other. The distance around is six miles, the distance across but a mile and a half. On the morning of November Idth General White, who occupied the heights opposite Loudon, fell back with his division to Lenoir, and his trains were on their way to Knoxville. General Burnside — 'Old Burny' — whom we have fol- lowed ever since we have been soldiers — was telegraphed for. He came. Those of us who saw him that day will never forget how that engine came flying in, with the General's own hand at her throttle. 'Eight about,' was the order, and in twenty minutes our col- umns were on the vosid facing the enemy and General White's own division in the advance. By dark we had driven the enemy back within a mile of the ferry. That night we lay face to lace with him. He was strongly posted on a peninsula, both flanks protected by a river, his position covered completely by batteries planted in works on a commanding lieight, on the opposite side of the river. During the night dispatches were received from General Grant which changed the programme. Before daylight the next morning we began falling back, which we did without any molestation from the enemy. By noon of the 15th our division (Ferrero'sj, was again at Lenoir, tired, hungry, muddy, and sleepy. About 2 o'clock F. M. this regiment (_20th JMichigan), was sent back three miles to a cross road connecting the Loudon and Kingston roads. We took up position, covered the retreat of the army, and held the road during the night. " During the afternoon the enemy made his appearance upon the Kingston road and some skirmishing ensued. That night we lay in skirmish hne, face to face with the enemy again, without sleep or even unslinging "knapsacks. " At daylight we were again on the road, or rather in the mud, — for the road was a bed of mud— and our brigade, the 3d, was the rear guard to cover the retreat. " The brigade did not muster over 70U muskets, and consisted of the 2d, 17th, and 20th Michigan regiments. The 17th, of ' Stonewall ' fame, was in the rear, the 20th next, and the 2d in advance. " We had hardly taken the road when the rebels pushed forward their skirmishers in close pursuit. " Twice in the course of the morning we formed in line of battle, but no actual collision occurred until we reached a point a mile and a half in front of Campbell's station. At this point a cross road connects the Kingston with the Loudon road, about three-fourths of a mile from their junction. McLaw's division of Longstreet's corps had been pressing forward upon our lelL Hank to cut us off at this cross road, but we succeeded in gaining the pohit just a few minutes ahead of them. " It now became necessary to check the advance of the rebel column in order to gain time for our main force, with the artillery, to get into position. Just in rear of the cross I'oad above imuitioned is a small creek upon which is a saw mill. Just in front of this creek, with a line of skirmishei-s in advance, the 17th Michigan was formed. In rear of the creek were the 2d and 2()lh Michigan, the former on the right, the latter on the left of the road. We had scarcely formed when the rebels attacked luriously. The 17th were orden^l to hold the cre(;k as long as they could and then fall back. Meanwhile the 2d and 20th were ordered back by General Ferrero to a new and better position. We were posted on the top of a hill, an open field in front — beyond it woods — on both flanks woods. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 403 The wounded of the 17th began to come back rapidly. The volleys of musketry became momentarily nearer and heavier. Soon the 17th emerged from tlie woods in front, liglit- ing gallantly but much cut up. They fell back in line of battle, passed around our left flank and filed into the road to the rear. The rebels rapidly pressed up heavv columns on both our flanks, under cover of the woods. Already they began to rake us, when we were again ordered back. "We fell back step by step, disputing each foot of ground. Every- thing was deliberate and orderly. " Our little band was now reduced to about GOO men, and yet there was no haste, no confusion, though we faced a division of veterans. Colonel Humphrey, of the 2d Michi- gan, commanding the biigade, gave his orders with coolness and judgment, and they were obeyed with promptness and precision. In our rear was a piece of woods, skirted by a high rail fence. Behind this it was resolved to make a decided stand. The 17th was formed on the left of the 20th. The fire now became rapid and destructive. Colonel Smith fell, shot though the b^ain. Several officers of the 17th were already wounded. Captain Farrand of the 2d was wounded. Every moment some man fell. Our ranks were fast thinning, and still McLaw's heavy columns pressed down on our flanks. It was a critical moment. To stay there was to be captured; to fall back was full of peril. Slowly and sullenly our boys gave up the ground, bringing off the wounded and dead. "We had now reached the middle of the woods. The rebels were pressing our left flank very hard, when the 17th and the left wing of the 20th charged and drove them back and threw them into confusion. "We made good use of the lime thus gained, and fell back to the edge of the woods, when our eyes were gladdened by the 1st brigade advancing to our support. In our rear as we faced the enemy was a broad, open field, half a mile across. Tlirough this we must faU back. Our lines were re-formed, and with as steady a step and as true a line as if on brigade drill, we fell back across the field, while a rebel brigade poured volley after volley ^ter us. "It was now noon. The first gun was fired at 10 A. M. For two hours our three little Michigan regiments, of Humphrey's brigade, had borne the brunt of the onset unsupported. We now took up a new position under cover of our guns. Soon the rebel skirmishers advanced, supported by a division of infantry. They came boldly and rapidly on, but our artillery soon scattered their skirmishers like chaff, and sent three brigades in confusion to the cover of the woods. " For two weary hours longer we lay under a raking fire of musketry and artillery. When, at 2 P. M., our brigade was withdrawn, being relieved by the 2d brigade, we moved back and stacked arms in a httle hollow, one hundred and fifty (150) were killed, wounded, and missing, out of less than 700 that we took in. And here let the figures be recorded', which no New York correspondent can write up or down, that one-half the enlii-e loss of our army at Campbell's Station fell upon these three Michigan regiments— the 2d, 17th, and 20th. "We had just stacked arms when Genera] Ferrero, who is clear 'grit' in a fight rode down wilh an aid in front of the colors of our regiment, and raising his hat, said: ' I come to thank you. You have done nobly. I am proud of you all,'— a compliment which the boys repaid with three hearty cheers. For the remainder of the day we were in the sec- one fine, sup[)()rting batteries, and when night came we again took the road. " Our old chief, Burnside, was everywhere, giving spirit and confidence to the men, but his brow this night looked anxious and careworn. I will not attempt to describe this weary, never-to-be-forgotten night march. This was our third night without sleep. Cold, hungry, sh^epy, tired with mareliiug and with fighting, we blundered, slid, and waded through that night of Egyptian darkness. Five o'clock A. M. of the 17Lh of Novem- ber found us at Knoxvilie, near what was to be, but was not yet. Fort Sanders. After an hour's repose, we moved to our position and began throwing up works. Day and night we toiled, as men only toil for life and victory. The 100th Pennsylvania, which had been absent from the brigade as escort to the trains, now rejoined us. On the night of the 17th General Burnside visited our works and approved them. , "On the lyth General Sanders made a gallant fight in front of the fort, to which he gave his name wilh his life. We saw the battle like apieture. The lOOtli Pennsylvania was on the left, the 20th Michigan on the right, wilh its two left companies in the fort. The 2d and 17lh were on our right. On the right of the main fort were tiu-ee strong lunettes, which were held by the left wing of the 20th. On the night of the 20tb of November the 17th Michigan made a brilliant sortie, driving back the rebel advanced posts, and burning the buildings in which they had gained cover. " On the morning of November 24th tiie 2d Michigan made the most brilliant sortie of the siege. Dayliglit that morning disclosed the fact that the rebels had advanced a nlle-pit into the open field on the west front of the fort. This pit extended some twenty rods at right angles from a heavy piece of timber. To the 2d was assigned tlie work of taking 404 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and holding this pit. Never was work more fearlessly undertaken — never was work more bravely accomplished. In the face of a well-directed fire from a whole brigade, they charged across an open field for a fourth of a mile, carried the work at the point of the bayonet with a cheer, held it for half an hour, without support, and only gave it up when the 2d Michigan had almost ceased to be. " They went in with 160 muskets; they lost 83 men. They went in with 11 officers;. the came out with 5. Byington, Noble, Galpin, Zoellner, brave hearts! vain was your gallantry. Sad that folly should waste so much rich blood. I will not offer criticism, for I might say that which would be unmilitary. I will not say who planned or who ordered the attack; I do not know. But it is understood that it came from a source higher than the division commander. But this I will say, that I have heard but few speak of it in any other terms than as a butchery. "I hasten to the close of this already too prolix history. On the morning of Sunday, November 29th, General Longstreet made his long-expected assault upon Fort Sanders. This is a part of the siege more misrepresented than any other. One officer, high in command, who ought to have known, says that the forces who defended the fort were the 79th New York, the 29th Massachusetts, and a detachment of the 2d Michigan. A certain New York paper gives the whole credit to the 79th New York. The correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette says that they consisted of the 79th New York, four companies of the 100th Pennsylvania, and four companies of the 2d Michigan. ' Who shall decide when doctors disagree?' Having been in the fort at the time, which I doubt if any of these authors were, I am able to state exactly what forces were there. " There was the 79th New York, numbering from 100 to 125 men, from the 1st brigade. There were four companies of the 29th Massachusetts, numbering about 75 men, of the 2d brigade, and four companies of the 2d Michigan, numbering about 60 men. and three companies of the 20th Micliigan, numbering about 80 men, of the 3d brigade — all of Perrero's (Ist) division of the old 9th army corps. There were Benjamin's and a part of Buckley's and a part of Roemer's batteries. That's who 'killed cock robin,' exactly. Let it be recorded, that in the defense of Fort Sanders Michigan boys stood first among tlie foremost; and if loss is any test of exposure, then the 20th was more exposed than any other regiment. " I will not go into the details of the Impetuous, determined, gallant assault, nor of the terrible, decisive, and bloody repulse. You are already too familiar with the story. Ditches filled with dead and wounded mingled — the slope literally covered with the slain. God's mild, loving, sunUt Sabbath never looked down on a more fearful sight. Three battle flags, 225 prisoners, and 700 stand of arms were the trophies. Five hundred killed and wounded, the cost of this fearful experiment. " Tlien came a few nights of terribly anxious watching. One-half the men were kept in the trenches day and night. But the morning of December 5th came, and Longstreet — where was he? There were grateful hearts that morning; and there were sad hearts, too, for our three small Michigan regiments of the 3d brigade had lost 302 of then- num- ber since we left Lenoir. " More than half the loss on the north side of the river during the siege fell upon them. Each had lost its commanding officer. Huntington Smith, Comstock, Byington— this mountain-girt city is hallowed by your blood. Wiltsie, Noble, Galpin, Zoellner, Bil- lingsly — they sleep with their chiefs, in the bosom of that land they died to redeem. Out of fourteen officers who fell in the late series of battles, eight were from Michigan regi- ineiits of Huraphi-ey's brigade. Proud State to claim such sons! Brave hearts! Noble soldiers! True men! Green be their graves! 'Loving sunshine fail them never — fail them not, ye gentle showers — above them, good angels write Resurgam.' " On the raising of the siege, the regiment participated in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Bean's Station, but falling back to Blain's Cross Roads, it there encamped until the IGth of January, 1864. From the comnienceraent of the retreat to Knoxville, during the siege and the movements subsequent thereto, and while at Blain's Cross Koads, the regiment endured much hard- ship and privations. Living on quarter rations, foraged from an almost desti- tute country, their sufferings were greatly increased by the want of clothing. On an inspection made during the intensely cold weather in January, it was found that some were entirely without shoes, and others nearly barefooted; a large number were without overcoats, and but few had a change of under- clothing. The regiment marched to Strawberry Plains on the 10th of Jan- uary. On the 20Lh, our forces having withdrawn, the regiment was left to MICHIGAN m THE WAR. 408 guard the crossing of the Holsten river. January 21st it was engaged in skir- mishing with the enemy, but on the following day fell back to near Knoxville, skirmishing with the rebel cavalry during the movement. On the 24:th it bioke camp near Knoxville, and participated in the advance to Morristown, falling back to Mossy creek March 2d, where it remained until the return to Morristown on the 12th. On the 14th, with a small body of cavalry, the regi- ment engaged in a reconnoissance to the bend of Chucky river, seven miles from Bull's Gap, where the enemy were in force. Finding two battalions of rebel cavalry posted at the mouth of Lick creek, the regiment forded the stream and forced the enemy's position, the rebels fleeing and leaving their camp baggiige and a number of arms and horses. Marching from Knoxville, the regiment on the 21st proceeded to Nicholasville, Ky., thence by railroad to Annapolis, Md., its corps having been ordered to join the eastern armies. Joining the army of the Potomac, the regiment, commanded by Colonel Cutcheon, and then in the 2d brigade, 3d division, same corps, crossed the Eappahannock on the 4th of May, 1864, and the Rapidan at Germania Ford, on the 5th. It participated in the battle of the Wilderness on the Gth, losing 1 killed, 5 wounded, and 2 missing. On the 8th the regiment formed part of the rear guard in the movement of its corps to Chancellorsville. On the 9th it took part in the engagement on the banks of the Ny river, and on the 12tii, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Geo. C. Barnes, Colonel Cutcheon having been wounded on the 10th, participated in the attack on the enemy's works at Spottsylvania Court House, sustaining in the action a loss of 30 killed, S2 wounded, and 31 missing, including among the killed. Captains Koswell P. Carpenter, Walter McCollum, and Lieutenant David E. Ainsworth, while Lieutenant James B. Gould, who was severely wounded, died of his wounds in Libby Prison m June following. A correspondent writes as follows: "We mjiiched from Warrenton Junction, Virginia, May 4th, 1864, and on the 5th recrossed the Kapidan and took position on the right of the army of the I'otomac, then fighting in the Wilderness. That battle has passed into history, and I need not here repeat its story. In the first day's fighting we had no share, but in the second day's bat- tle we had our part, though fortunately our loss was small. In the charge on the after- noon of the 6lh of May the 2Uth captured twenty piisoners, including one adjutant, and a well-timed attack checked a flank movement of an entire rebel brigade. On the with- drawal of the army from the Wilderness, May 8th, the 2Uth was selected to cover the rear, which they did in good style, keeping their skirmisheis well out to the rear, and checking the enemy's advance. On tiie yth of May the regiment led in the advance across the river Ny, supporting the skirmishers. In this action the regiment bore itself with such coolness and bravery as to gain the commendation of the brigade and superior com- manders. On the loth we were again engaged in a charge upon the enemy's works, in which the hne advanced in magnihcent style. The loss of the regiment Wcis again small. " But on the 12th of May the 2Uth charged through an open held upon a rebel battery, advancing in good order to within a few rods of the guns. The regiment upon the left being struck in flank gave way, and the 20th was taken in flank and rear and almost sur- rounded, but fought their way out with great loss. Up to thia time the regiment hud lost about 150 men, having been engaged four times in less than a week. " We now enji)yed a short respite from lighting. On tlie 21st of May we began the second great Hank movement, and upon the 23d arrived at the North Anna river. The next morning, 24th, the 2Uth was selected to lead the charge of the 'Jth corps across tho dver. The command was drawn u[) for the charge. On tho opposite side frowned formidable rebel batteries and field works full of guna and veteran troops. It was ordered that the 20ih should charge across a loid, waist deep, deploy as skirmishers and take the works. Every man considered his death warrant sealed, but no man faltered. " ' Each man looked to hill and sky and plain, As things they ne'er might see again.' 406 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR " But those ranks had never broken and they were ready for the order to charge. Bu^ wiser counsels prevailed and the order was countermanded, and if ever a load was lifted from brave hearts it was that day. That night the regiment built breastworks and occu- pied them as sharpshooters until the 27th, during which time they kept the guns in the enemy's works silent. » " On the 27th of May began the third flank movement, and marching rapidly day and night the lines before Richmond were reached. "The regiment occupied a position near Bethesda Church. On the 2d of June, when the 9th corps was withdrawn from the extreme right to the take position near Cold Harbor, the 20th Michigan again covered the rear. The movement of the column being delayed the 20th was sent back to the forks of the road for picket. They had not reached their position and were still marching by the flank, when suddenly they were attacked by the enemy in force, who had succeeded in turning our flank. The regiment was instantly thrown into hne as skirmishers and met the charge of the enemy with steadiness and success. For a long time, unassisted, they held the enemy at bay, until the division could be formed and the artillery put in position, thus saving the whole corps from sur- prise and perhaps from disaster. In this action the regiment suffered heavily. On the next day the command was again engaged and with considerable loss. "When the fourth great flank movement (that across James river j began the 20th onc« more was rear guard of the corps. " This was the most severe march of the season. For five nights the most of the reg- iment did not lie down to sleep. Three nights they were upon the march, and two nights they lay upon their arras. The end of these five days found them in front of Peters- burg, on the evening of June 16th. On the 17th they participated in a charge upon the rebel lines, in which they escaped with shght loss. " But the next day, June 18th, they were not so fortunate. Charging half a mile across an open field, and across a deep railroad cut, thoroughly enfiladed by the enemy's lire, they lost one-half their number, including Major Geo. B. Barnes, commanding, a very brave and efficient officer, and Captain Dewey and Lieutenant Geo. B. Hicks, both val- uable and experienced officers. " That night the regiment threw up breastworks, and during the night were withdrawn from the front line. On the 20th of June the command was again put in the trenches, where they remained without relief until the 25th of July. " After the battle of the 18th of June the regiment numbered 106 muskets, which num- ber was increased by returned convalescents, etc., to 128 on the 1st of July. " After being on picket on the left rear of the army for a few days, the regiment was again brought to the front on the night of the 29th of July and participated in the gallant but unfortunate charge of the 30th ult. " In this charge the regiment captured quite a large number of prisoners, including some officers. When most of our force fell back the 20th gallantly held its position in the rebel works, refusing to retire until they were almost completely surrounded, and their colors were kept defiantly fiying on the enemy's fort so long as there was a man to defend it. Out of this fight we came with the loss of one-half of the force engaged." From regimental commander's report the following is taken : " On the 12th of May the regiment participated in the attack upon the enemy's works at Spottsylvania Court House, advancing over an open space between two belts of timber. The enemy coming in on our liank and rear under cover of heavy woods (the troops on our lefl having given way). Major Barnes commanding moved tiie regiment by the left into the woods. Here we were met by a rebel brigade returning from an ineffectual charge upon one of our batteries, and a hand to hand encounter ensued by which we fought our way out, bringing off our colors in safety and capturing a few prisoners, but losing heavily in officers and men. " Leaving the breastworks, which it had thrown up on the 31st, the regiment reached tlie North Anna river on the evening of the '.^Sd. Throwing up breastworks on the north bank of the stream, it occupied the position until the 2?th, when it took up its line of march for the Pamunky river, which it crossed at midnight of tlie ^iSth. On the 2d of June, being detailed as rear guard, it was attacked by the enemy, but repulsed them, and held the position during the withdrawal of its corps. June 3d the regiment was in the second line during the engagement near Bethesda Church, and suffered severely. Crossing tlie James river, the regiment arrived in front of Petersburg on the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 407 16th, and on the next day was engaged as support to the force attacking the enemy's lines, suffenng but slight loss. On the 18th the regiment charged over an open field and through a cut in the Suffolk railroad, to a point near the enemy's lines, where it constructed rifle-pits. During this attack it suf- fered severely from a galling cross-fire, and lost more than one-half of the number engaged. A correspondent writes: " So constantly have we been in the front, on the march, and under orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice, that I have not had time to chronicle any of the stining events in whirh we have been engaged. We cannot act and write too at the same time. We must leave the latter to non-combatants, who spend most of the time in the rear. When the storm is over, our friends shall then have a full account of the part the 2')th has borne in the conflict. On the 2d our corps changed its position, moving toward the left. The enemy, discovering our movement, followed closely. Our regiment, under Major Barnes, was sent back to picket two roads. We had no time to post our men before the enemy came upon us in heavy force. Our boys drove back one regiment, advancing in line over an open field. Fortunately a short distance behind us was a gravel rifle-pit, in which some of our forces were quickly placed. Our pickets were placed in a belt of tim- ber and awaited their approach. At dark they attacked, driving in the pickets and charg- ing upon the pit. In fifteen minutes, however, they went back,leaving some of their dead within four rods of the pit. Our loss was 3 killed, 18 wounded, and 13 missing. Among the missing is Captain Dodge, Company I. Among the killed is Sergeant 13. Farms, Company D, known by all as one of the bravest of the brave, and one of the noblest among men. For two nights we had had no sleep, but on the 3d the 1st brigade had orders to charge the rebel pit. Our brigade was to support them, and in getting into position we were exposed to fire from the rebels, making an additional loss of 1 killed and 18 wounded. Lieutenant Carpenter, Company A, received a severe but not dangerous wound in the head. The fight raged fiercely on the right during a great part of the after- noon. Our batteries opened with terrible effect as the enemy i-etrcated during the night, leaving us masters of the field. We found between 2(J0 and 300 dead horses, two caissons blown up and one abandoned, the graves of many dead rebels, and some still unbiiried. Last evening we moved about two miles further to the left, to our present position. Under the command of Major Barnes, aided by brave officers and supported by brave men, our regiment wins fresh honors, but at the sacrifice of many noble men." The commanding officer's report says: "* * * On the 18th of June the regiment made a charge across a wide, open field and through a railroad cut, exposed to a galling cross-fire from the enemy's artillery and musketry. Then charging again from the railroad to within 160 yards "of the enemy's works, we threw up rifle-pits and held our position until midnight, when we were with- drawn. Our loss in these charges was one-half of the number engaged. Our gallant Lieutenant Colonel Geo. C. Barnes, commanding regiment. Captain "Wm. A. Dewey Lieutenant George R. Hicks, are among the killed. " * * * Withdrawing at night, of the 18th of June, the regiment, again in com- mand of Colonel Cutcheon, was placed in reserve until the 20th, wIumi it ao-uin moved into the trenches, remaining there without relief until the 25th, when it was again withdrawn to the rear. On the 30th of July it participated with Willcox's division in the action following the springing of the mine near Petersburg, charging into and planting its colors ou the rebel works. Colonel Cutcheon says in a report: "We charged at 8 A. M. in the face of a terrific fire of musketry, canister, and shoU, and maintained our position, efficiently absisting in repulsing three assaults until 7.30 P.* M., losing 52 out of 110 men. After that ill-1'atcd day wv rnuonibered with some pride and consolation that ours were the last Union colors displayed from the enemy's works." The 2Uth played a conspicuous part in the charge referred to; courage, endurance, and indomitable pluck marked their course; the advance desper- ate; they charge over open ground; the enemy's fire thick, withering, and murderous; they reach the pit; it soon becomes a slaughter-pen ; there is uo 408 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. escape except through the leaden hail, to certain death ; charges and counter- charges, rapid and desperate; the final rebel charge conies at last with a yell; most of the Union troops alive had reached their main line, about thirty of the 20th in the crater, defending their colors, still flying defiantly; teivescape, the others prisoners; Bush and Phillips cut up the colors and staff, hurriedly bury them deep in the sand, and then fall into rebel hands as prisoners. As there were six Michigan regiments, 2d, 8tli, 17th, 20th, 2?th, and 1st Sharpshooters, in Willcox's division, the following notice, from the American Cyclopedia, 1864, of the affair of the springing of the mine and the action which followed is inserted : " Immediately after the explosion, the cannonading from a hundred guns commenced. Gradually recovering from his surprise the enemy began to respond, and soon their entire line was engaged. Meantime, after a few moments' delay, General Marshall's brigade, of General Ledlie's division, began to advance across the deadly plain. The supporting brigades spread out and enveloped the flanking rille-pits, capturing about 200 prisoners. The breach was gained, and the troops began to reform for the assault. Meanwhile the enemy rallied and poured a terrific enfilading fire upon the captured fort. At length the 9th corps was formed after a fatal delay, and with General Potter's division on the riiiht, Ledlie's in the center, and Willcox's on the left, under cover of the fire of two guns, began the charge. At every step the fire of the enemy, in front and on each flank, concen- trated with greater fury upon them, and ploughed their ranks with slaughter. The charge was checked on the side of the crest, there was a halt, and finally the whole line, wavering under terrible odds, recoiled to the fort. His fire was directed straight upon the dismantled fort, now become a slaughter pen in which were huddled the frag- ments of the 9th corps, hoping for relief from their comrades who lay in their entrench- ments 200 yards distant. Then squads of men began the work of retreating. But the enemy kept up a destructive cross-fire over every rod of the space between the fort and the Federal fines. The retreating movement, however, was kept up. Meanwhile the enemy made several charges upon the ruins of the fort, Avhich were bravely resisted by some of the officers and the remnants of the corps. About noon, however, a general retreat was ordered, a considerable part of the survivors of the assault having already crossed to the rear. Those who remained in the fort having exhausted their ammu- nition, and being left unsupported by the rest of the army, were captured at 2 P. M. by a final charge of the enemy. " Moving to the rear, the regiment rested until the 14th of August, 1SG4, when it again moved into the trenches, whence it withdrew on the lV)th, and engaged in the movement on the Weldon railroad, with slight loss. Maiching toward Yellow House the 20th, then in the same brigade, 1st division, threw up breast- works, and encamped until the 25th of August, when it marched toward Keams's Station *(^ .«.i..f^.njt; me tioops there engaged, but did not participate in the a'^i-i^^. It took part in the action of the 30th of September, near Pop- "• . opring Church, losing a number in prisoners. The commanding officer's report says: " * • The enemy charged upon the line of the right of our brigade and succeeded in breaking it. Our line, however, maintained its position untfi the enemy was upon our flank and rear, when we leceived ordeis to fall back, which we did in good ordi'r. On reaching the road we halted and again faced the enemy, and on receiving orders made a second moven)cnt to the rear in perfect order, until reaching a swamp by which the regi- ment was cut off from the rest of the brigade. Here the enemy's ca\alry charged our left fiank, pouring in seveial volleys as the men were forcing their way tlirough the swamp tangled with vuies and brambles. At this point the regiment lost two ofliceis and twenty- one men killed. Adjutant J. E. Seibert, a most valuable oflicer, fell while encouraging and steadying tlie men. Captain Oliver Blood also fell mortally wounded. He was a meritorious officer." • • * October 8th, 1864, the regiment was engaged in a reconnoissance on the right of the enemy's position, and covered with its skirmishers the withdrawal of the reconnoitering force. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 409 During the year, of the commissioned officers of the regiment 11 vfere killed in action or died of wounds, 10 were wounded, and 2 taken prisoners. Of the enlisted men, 526 were killed, wounded, or captured, making the aggregate loss 548. On November 1st, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Grant, it was encamped at Peeble's Farm near Petersburg and still serving in the 2d brigade, then commanded by Colonel Cutcheon since October 17th, and in same divis- ion and corps, and was engaged on picket duty and in building fortifications, and on the 28th moved with its division to the extreme right of the line east of Petersburg, and during the night took position in the trenches, the regi- ment occupying battery 9, near the Appomattox river, and relieving a portion of the 2d corps. The enemy, having been apprised of the movement, had posted sharpshooters in convenient positions, who kept up a continuous fire through the night, killing several men of the regiment. During the winter which followed, the regiment, still under command of Col- onel Grant, Colonel Cutcheon being appointed to the 27th, November 12, l8G-i, continued in that position, within range of the enemy's fire from mortar batter- ies in front, and also on the right flank from batteries across the river mounted with Whitworth and sixty-four-pounder rifle guns. From these points he usually opened fire at intervals of three or four days, driving every man to the shelter of the works. The picket trenches being only about two hundred yards apart at that point from those of the enemy, consequently much annoy- ance and danger was experienced from the fire of his pickets; and on Febru- ary 15th, 18G5, while Captain H. F. Rijbinson was riding along the lines he was killed by a rebel sharpshooter. Owing to the insufiiciency of shelter and scarcity of fuel the men in the trenches suffered much hardsliip, while at the same time their duties were arduous, being engaged on picket or fatigue duty every other day. About March 1st, 1SG5, the enemy was observed strengthening his works iu front as if he expected an assault. Ou the 13th, the regiment, iu command of Major Francis Porter, Colonel Grunt having resigned, was under arms anticipating an attack, and on the 15th it received orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice. All sick were sent to City Point and the men required to sleep on their arms every night. On the morning of the 25th, about 4 o'clock A. M., the command was aroused by sentine.l's cry of "A charge 1" and the men were immediately ordered to the woius. It Wi^o still dark and no one seemed to comprehend the nature or extent of the attack ; there was an irregular firing heard a short distance ou the left, and it was soon ascertained that the enemy had captured Fort Steedman, and that he was swinging around to tlie right in rear with the intention of capturing all on the right of the captured fort, and nothing but the vigilance and bravery of this regiment, then in command of Captain Albert A. Day, Major Porter having received a leave of absence on the day previous, but remained with the regiment and participated iu the defense of the fort, and the 2d Michigan which occupied battery 9 and Fort Steedman, prevented the success of his movement. The 2d Michigan was forced back into battery 9 with considerable loss in prisoners. All the rebel batteries in front of the position were opened on that portion of the line occui)ied by the 20lh and 2d Michifran, also the guns of the captured fort, while the enemy was pouring in at the breach, and at the same time i)re- paring for a cluirge in front. The 17th Michigan, advancing frum division headquarters, charged rapidly ou the advance in front, but was driven back by 53 410 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. a superior force. Ke-forming it again charged, the 20th and 2d Michigan charging gallantly on the right, covered by the guns of Fort McGilvery. The enemy, seeing that success was impossible, became utterly demoralized, and retreated hasLily in great disorder to his works. The 2Uth wite then deployed along the picket line and succeeded in capturing about 350 of the retreating enemy, who were delivered inside our lines. During the attack the regiment lost nine wounded, three mortally. On the 26th, anticipating another attack, the regiment was constantly under arms. On the 29th the enemy opened a furious fire, wounding four men, and on the 30th it was ordered out through the covered way to the picket trench, receiving orders, together with the 2d Michigan and 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, to make a dash on the rebel works. It was decided that the 2d Michigan should make the chaige, sup- ported by the 1st Sharpshooters on the left and the 20th on the right. The 2d started on the charge preceded by fifty axmen to cut away the chevaux defrise, but the furious fire of the enemy indicated that he was fully prepared and the attack at that point was abandoned. Fort Mahon, about two miles to the left of the position held by this regi- ment, was captured by our troops on April 1st, while at the same time a heavy demonstration was made on the right by the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, which captured and for a short time held a portion of the enemy's works, and the 2Uth, together with the whole brigade, was kept in constant readiness for a charge, should not our forces succeed in holding Fort Mahon; and a heavy artillery fire was kept up during the whole day and night by all our batteries, and during the second the regiment was held in readiness for a charge; and at 3 o'clock A. M. on the 3d it was ordered toward the right to support the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters in a charge on the enemy's works, as it was supposed that he was evacuating. On arriving at the point indicated the sluirpshooters, followed by the 2d and 20th Michigan, charged into the city, capturing a number of prisoners, guns, and small arms, and at 4.10 A. M. the flag of the 1st Michigan Sharpshooters was raised on the court-house of Petersburg, that being the first regiment which entered the city, and the 20th was immediately detailed on provost duty. On the 8th the regiment, with its brigade, was relieved from duty in Petersburg and ordered to the front, moving about 15 miles southwest, on the South Side railroad, to Ford's Station, where the men of the regiment were HMtniJed as safe-guards at the various houses in the vicinity to prevent outrages being committed by both armies. On the 2Uth the regiment, still in command of Captain Day, was ordered to City Point, and arriving there on the 22d immediately embarked for Alexandria; reaching there on the 24th, it encampud about two miles from the city, near Fort Lyon, and on the 28th marched over Long bridge, through Washington and George- town, encamping about four miles from the latter place; and on the 23d of May, being then commanded by Colonel Clement A. Lounsbury, who had been commissioned to rank from March 11th, but had been serving on brigade staff, it participated in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was musiered out of service on the 3Uth, and started by rail for Michigan June Ist, arriving at Jackson on the 4th, and on the 9th was paid off and disbanded. Tlie 2Uth met the enemy at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 13, 14, 1862; Horse Shoe Bend, Ky., May 10, 18fJ3; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., June 22 to July 4, 1803; Jacksuii, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863; Blue Springs, Tenn., October lU, 1863; Loudon, Tenn., JSfovember 14, 1863; Lenoir Station, Teuu., MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 411 November 15, 1863; Campbell's Station, Tenn., November 16, 1863; siege of Kiioxville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1803; Fort Saunders, Tenn., November 2t>, 1863; Tburley's Ford, Tenn., December 15, 1863 ; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 2:^, 186-1; Chucky Bend, Tenn., March 14, 1864; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 6, 7, 1864; Ny River, Va., May 9, 1864; Spottsyi- vHtiia, Va., May 10, 11, 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 24, 25, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 3, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 17, 18, 1864; The Crater, Va., July 30, 1864; Weidon railroad, Va., August 19, 21, 1864; Beam's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; Poj.lar Spring Church, Va., September 30, 1864; Pegram Farm, Va., October 2, 1864; Boydton Road, Va., Octobers, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27,28, 1864; Fort Steedman, Va., March 25, 1865; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1665; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. The regiment had 1,157 oflQcers and men in its membership, and lost 290; being killed in action, 10 officers and 64 men ; died of wounds, 3 officers and 37 men; and 3 officers and 173 men died of disease. " When you fell at duty's call, Your fame it glittered high. As the leaves of the golden fall Grow brighter when they die." k TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. " God bless our nation's banner, long may it wave and dip; We'll fly it while our life-blood runs— we 'don't give up the ship.'" The 4th Congressional district was the field assigned to the 21st regiment, •which had its rendezvous at Ionia, with the Hon. J. B. Welch as commandant of ctimp, and the counties of Barry, Ionia, Montcalm, Kent, Ottawa, Muske- gon, Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, Mason, Manistee, Grand Traverse, Leela- naw, Manitou, Osceola, Emmet, Macliinac, Delta, and Cheboygan constituted the sections for recruiting, which commenced on the 15th of July, 1863, and on the 4th of September following the regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, with the following FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Ambrose A. Stevens, Saranac. Lieutenant Colonel, William L. Whipple, De- troit. Major, Iisaac Hunting, Grand Haven. Surgeon, William B. Tliomas, Ionia. Assis- tant Surgeon, John Avery, Otisco. Second Assistant Surgeon, Charles E. Perry, Lowell. Adjutant, Morris B. Wells, Ionia. Quartermaster. Martin P. FoUett, Fair Plains. Chap- lain, Theodore Pihsbury, Hastings. The companies were mustered in under the following officers: A. Captain, Francis P. Minier, Ionia. First Lieutenant, AUyn W. Kimball, Ionia. Second Lieutenant, John Morton, Ionia. B. Captain, James Cavanaugh, Grand Kapids. First Lieutenant, Benton D. Fox, Lowell. Second Lieutenant, Albert G. Barr, Grand Eapids. C. Captain, Leonard 0. Fitzgerald, Hastings. First Lieutenant, Perry Chance, Hast- ings. Second Lieutenant, Marion C. Bussell. Hastings. D. Captain, Jacob Ferris, Ionia, First Lieutenant, James B. Eoberts, Ionia. Second Lieutenant, James A. Knight, Greenville. E. Captain, Alfred B. Turner, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, Edward Dunham, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Selden E. Turner, Hastings. F. Captain, Elijah H. Crowell, Greenville. First Lieutenant, Eobert Mooney, Green- ville. Second Lieutenant, Eben E. Ellenwood, Gi'eenville. G. Captain, Harry C. Albee, Grand Haven. First Lieutenant, Edgar W. Smith, Grand Haven. Second Lieutenant, George W. Woodward, Wright. H. Captain, Seymour Chase, Cannonsburg. First Lieutenant, Loomis K. Bishop, Can- noiibburg. Second Lieutenant, Eobert B. Eobinson, Giaud Eapids. I. Captain, John A. Ellsworth, Saranac. First Lieutenant, Herman Hunt, Hastings. Second Lieutenant, James H. Truax, Hastings. K. Captain, Herman Baroth, Ionia. First Lieutenant, Albert G. Eussell, Hubbardston. Second Lieutenant, Eli E. Burritt, Ionia. The regiment left its quarters at Ionia on the 12th of September in com- mand of Colonel Stevens, 1,008 strong, under orders to report at Cincinnati. It was immediately pushed forward into Kentucky via Louisville, and became early engaged in the realities of war. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 415 A beautiful silk flag was provided by tbe ladies of Ionia and delivered to the 21st Kegiment on the 6th of September, 186:^, at that city. The center of the flag was decorated with the American eagle, holding its quiver of arrows, olive branch, etc. Over this a small National flag, and beneath it the words "Union," ''Constitution." An excellent speech was made by L. B. Soule, Esq., on behalf of the ladies, to which Colonel A. A. Stevens, commanding the regiment, appropriately replied. Afterwards speeches were made by Z. Chandler, T. W. Ferry, and F. W. Kellogg. At the same time there was pre- sented a flag by the children of the Grand Haven Sunday-schools to Conijiany G of the regiment. The flag given the regiment was carried through all of its engagements, brought back to the State, and at a celebration on July 4th, 18G5, was form- ally returned, on behalf of the regiment, to the ladies by tiie Hon. Joha Avery, of Greenville, liic highest ranking otKcer of the regiment present, and was received on behalf of the ladies by the Hon. John B. Hutchins, of Ionia. On the 1st of Octobjr following it broke camp at Louisville and entered upon a long march through Kentucky. On the 8th it bore an important part in the battle of Perryville, suffering a loss of 24 wounded (1 mortally) and S missing. Colonel Stevens being among the wounded. Following is a report of Colonel A. A. Stevens made to Colonel Nicholas Greusel, now a citizen of Iowa, for many years prior to the war a citizen of Detroit, and at an early day identified with military organizations in that city. At the time of making the report referred to he was colonel of the oOih Illinois, and commanding o7th brigade, 11th division, Army of the Ohio. While Colonel Greusel during his entire service was an honor to the State from which he held his commission, he at the same time reflected honor u})on the State of Michi- gan, his early home, in which he had commenced his military career, and in which he had so long devoted himself to the building up of the military service of the State: "At about 11 o'clock A. M. of the 8th instant your order was rocoived to hasten for- ward with the rear of your brigade, consisting of the 21st Michigan, 8bth Illinois, and 24th "Wisconsin, cousin regiments, to where you were then engaged, some two miles distant. This order was promptly complied with, and upon arriving witliin one-quarter of a mile of your position we were halted by order of Major General Gilbert, where we remained for a few moments, when I received an order from Brigadier General Sheridan to support a section of Barnett's battery on a hill to the left. We remained in this position aljout one-half hour, when we were again ordered and led by Geneial Sheridan in person to- take position in line of battle upon the bi'ow of the hill on the riglit of Hescock's battery^ and in the rear and support of the 88th Illinois Infantry, *vho were then hotly engaged. "While taking this position our right wing was brought under lire, and it was at this time our casualties occurred. After remaining for some time in tliis position we were ordered by yourself to form in line of battle in the cornfield upon the left of the turnpike and in rear of the 36th Illinois, where I again received your further instructions to move forward with the two regiments to the edge of the woods in front, deploy into line of battle on the 36th Illinois, and charge and take, if possible, a rebel battery which was then harassing our position. " I had scarcely given the order to advance when I was again ordered to move to the rear in support of Barnett's battery. This movement was promptly executed, when we again received your order to take our position in hue upon tlie hill to the left of Hescock'* battery, where we remained until the close of the action. In conclusion, permit me tt.) add that the coolness and bravery of both otticers and men of this regiment during the engage- ment was truly commendable, and I humbly trust will merit your favorable consideration. Lieutenant Colonel Whipple, Major Uunimg, and Adjutant Wi-Us each liUed their respective positions nobly, and rendered very eilicieut service upon the occasion." From Perryville the regiment moved to Bowling Green, and on November 4th proceeded to Nasiiville, arriving there on the 12th and encamped, remain- 414 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE, ing there until the general advance of General Kosecrans on Murfreesboro. The 21st left Nashville on the 26th of December, with the army, in command of Lieutenant Colonel McCreery, and was engaged at Lavergtie on the 27th, and at Stewart's creek on the 29th. It participated with Sill's bdgade of Sheridan's division in the five days' battle at Stone Kiver, sustaining a loss of 17 killed, 85 wounded, including Captain Leonard 0. Fitzgerald, mortally, and 37 missing. Special correspondence of the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune says: " We have triumphed! In all probability the rebel cause is badly crippled, if not wholly defeated in the southwest. Five days of terrific battle have solved the problem! Gen- eral Eosecrans's army commenced its march from the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee, on the 26th ult., and with the exception of picket firing, nothing disturbed their steady march for that day. On the 27th a part of Sheridan's division drove a small force of rebels fiom their position at Noliusville. Next morning we went on, drivhig them before us. "We rested on the Sabbath, and early on Monday morning with renewed strength, wft kept on our way to Murfreesboro. Sheridan's division was in the advance each day, and continued there until after the Wednesday's fight. On Tuesday, the 30th ult^ the rebeis made a stand in one of their chosen positions, about three miles from the towt. Alter a brisk fight (mostly artillery) we drove them, and occupied their position as far as piuuL.- cable during the night. The 21st regiment being in the front, uf course was not allowed fii-es or tents, and indeed we found no use for them for a brisk musketi-y fire was kept up during the whole night. Early on Wednesday, the 31st, the battle opened with renewed vigor. The rebels had received large reinforcements during the night, and at daybi-eak rushed upon us with a vigor admirable even in lebels. A pai t of our division was at fii-st repulsed; not, however, without making the rebels feel considerable Yankee powder and Yankee lead. The rebels attempted to surround us, but in this they were only partiauy successful, and finally, after several hours' extremely hard fighting they were repulsed. Thus, with various success, the fight raged all that day. Five days in all led on by the arch traitors in command, the rebel army fought the hosts of the Union. "Five days the rebels fought, but all in vain. On Saturday night, the 3d inst., they made their final attack. Under the cover of the storm and darkness of that night, they thought to surprise us, but General Eosecrans, anticipating this, was prepared for them. He collected his batteries in a strong position, and concealed them behind a large body of troops. The rebels made a furious charge upon these, and our forces gave way to the batteries, when these grim dogs of war were let loose upon the rebels, and gnawed deep furrows with canister and grape, and shot and shell. They staggered and fied in dismay at the unexpected reception. At that moment a whole division of our forces charged upon them, and left us in undisputed possession of the field." General Sheridan, in a portion of his report covering the operations of his division in that important engagement, says: "The enemy appeared to be in strong force in a heavy cedar wood across an opeu valley in ray front, and parallel to it— the cedar extending the whole length of the valley — varying from 200 to 400 yards. "At 2 o'clock on the morning of the 31st, General Sill, who commanded my right brig- ade, reported great activity on the part of the enenij' immediately in his front. This being the narrowest point in the valley, I was fearful that an attack might be made, and therefore directed two regiments from the reserve to report to General Sill, who i)laced them in position in very short supporting distance of his lines. At 4 o'clock the division was assembled under arms, and the cannoneers at their pieces. About liftfcn mhiutes after 7 o'clock, the enemy advanced to the attack across the cotton field on bill's front. This column was opened upon by Bush's battery, of Sill's brigade, which had a direct fire on its front, and by Hescock's and Iloughtaling's batteries, which had an oblique fire on its front from a commanding position, near the center of my line; the effect of this firo upon the advancing column was terrible. The enemy, however, continued to move I'oi'- ward until he had reached nearly the edge of the timber, when he was opened upon by {Sill's infantry, at a range of not over fitly yards. As this attacking force was massed several regiments dc' one for his coolness and bravery. And more than one brave fellow has wept those tears which only brave men weep, on hearing that his wound will keep him from us for a long time, perhaps forever. Not merely as an oflioer did we all respect and honor him. His great heart broke over those distinctions that separate officers and men, and made him not only the commander but the brother. Captain A. M. Keeler is among the missing. He must have been in command of the regiment on the second charge, and went into the third and last well. He and the adju- tant, Matthews, reported wounded and a prisoner, are said to have been everywhere along the line encouraging and urging on their men. Captains Snell, Wands, Galbraith, and Goetz, when last seen, were severely wounded, probably mortally. Captain Smith had his leg amputated. Lieutenant Ed. G. Spaulding was wounded on the (irst round through the hip. He went to the rear, but finding his wound less severe than he sup- posed, again returned to his company and remained with it during the entire day, he being in command. Sergeant William F. Atkinson, acting second lieutenant, was slightly wounded above the knee, but binding his handkerchief around his leg, remained on the field. Captain Kimberk, Lieutenants Eobertson, Hamilton, Button, Willets, Drake, Aide- de-Camp to Colonel LeFuvour, Mead, Andrews and Albertson were uninjured previous to the tliird and last charge. Only Lieutenant Albertson escaped. Captain Kimberk not going to this charge. Many are undoubtedly prisoners, but a number even of those must be wounded. All behaved with the greatest gallanti-y. Drs. McConnel and Lawrence were on the field to the last, dressing the wounds and giving the necessary dii'ections for the proper care of the disabled. They have the thanks of their comrades. 1 send you lists of the killed, wounded, and missing. It would undoubtedly gratify the friends of all to see them pubhshed, as the suspense and uncertainty attending the affair must be very great. Michigan is again called upon to mourn many a gallant son; but a new glory has been added to her history. We pause in the great work to drop a tear, not for the brave who have fallen, but for the dear ones at home to whose hearts a new sorrow has been brought. What remains of the regiment is upon the hills on the north side of the river, just oppo- site Lookout mountain, which is occupied and fortified by the rebels. Its present strength, not including the band, is 149 enlisted men, nine lieutenants and two captains. The major and myself were on General R. S. Granger's staff at NashviUe up to the 13th instant, when we were relieved by request for the purpose of reporting to our regiment. We arrived here on the morning of the 22d. The armies lie in the presence of each other. From the hill where I write I can see our troops fortifying the plains below, and the rebels the hills beyond them. Last night the line of each army could be traced by its camp fire's. Another great battle, in which the whole force of the southern confederacy will be hurled upon our brave army, is expected to open at any hour. I am very truly your obedient servant, JOHN ATKINSON, Captain Co. C, 22d Mich. "The Rock of Chickamauga" is a Michigan production, being composed by Dr. William B. Hamilton of Lapeer, who was a lieutenant in the 22d Mich- igan Infantry, and taken prisoner in the battle of Chickamauga, remaining in confinement until paroled March 1st, 1865. The poem was written with reference to the 22d in that engagement, as three counties are named, Macomb, St. Clair, and Oakland, in which that regiment was largely recruited. " Let rebels boast their Stonewall brave Who fell to fill a traitor's grave, We have a hero grander far, The Union was his guiding star. The ' Eock of Cliickamauga.' '• When, foot by foot, stern Rosccrans 'Round grim Lookout, with bold advance, Pressed back the rebels from their lair, Our Thomas was the foremost there, The ' Rock of Chickamauga.' 64 426 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. " And when, in mightinr force, they came With serried ranlis and sheets of flame, Sweeping apart our sliattered bands, Who snatched the palm from rebel hands? The ' Eock of Chickamauga.' » " All day they surged and stormed in vain, Lost Chattanooga to regain. In vain each furious battle shock; They were but waves, and he the rock, The 'Eock of Chickamauga.' *' His clarion voice with cheering word. Above the din of battle heard, His bearing firm, his kindling eye Fired every breast witli ardor high, The 'Eock of Chickamauga.' ** A new Thermopylae we found On Chickamauga's bloody ground; And in that rugged mountaih pass He stood our true Leonidas, The 'Eock of Chickamauga.' •' Sons of Macomb and broad St. Clair, And Oakland's roUing fields were there. And now they tell, with patriot pride. How that great day they fought beside The 'Eock of Chickamauga.' *' Gone is our hero, strong and brave, Columbia weeps above his grave. While high upon the roll of fame She writes that loved and honored name. The 'Eock of Chickamauga.'" What remained of the regiment after Chickamauga was ordered to the rear, and on September 23d it proceeded to Moccasin Point, on the north bank of the Tennessee river, wliere it was employed, under continuous fire from rebel batteries on Lookout mountain, in building fortifications until October 28th, when, in command of Major H. S. Dean, who had been serving on the staff of General R. S. Granger, at Nashville, it was ordered to the south side of the Tennessee, to the support of General Hooker, and threw up rifle-pits on hills commanding Lookout Valley, and became engaged with the enemy at Wau- hatciiie. Octol)er 30th it returned to camp on Moccasin Point. At this time the regiment was attached to the 3d brigade, 2d division, 14th corps, but was acting with the 4th coips. ISince then it had been attached to the Engineer brigade, commanded by General Win. F, Smith, chief engineer. This regiment, which, on the 2nd of November, 1863, had been detached from the Itth army corps, and attached to the engineer brigade, remained at or near (Jhattanooga, Tenn., engaged in the usual duties of the engineer ser- vice. From the 2d to the 21st of November it was employed in building a road from Chaitanooga to Brown's Ferry on tlie Tennessee river. On the 22d it proceeded with a pontoon bridge up the Tennessee river, and laid the same for the crossing of the command of General Sherman to attack the rebel position on Mission Kidge. Returning to (Jhattanooga the regiment threw a bridge across the river at iliat.place on the 25th, and on the 1st of December moved lis camp to the foot of Lookout mountain, and was employed until the 16th in repairing the railroad and the railroad bridges. At the latter date MICHIGAN IN THE WAR, 427 the regiment moved into Chattanooga, where it was employed in building storehouses, and similar duty. Detacliments of the regiment were sent up tlie liver, and employed in cutting and rafting timber to Chattanooga; others were engaged at Moccasin Point in setting up a portable steam saw-mill, and in getting out lumber. On the 19th of November the regiment moved to Lookout mountain, continuing its service as artisans and engineers for some months. On the 26Lh of May, 1864, it marched from Lookout mountain, and on the 31st reported at headquarters of the Department of the Cumberland, then in the field at Brown's Mill Creek, Ga. The 22d and the 9th Michigan • Infantry were organized on the 1st of June into a brigade, to be known as the Ki'serve Brigade, Department of the Cumberland, and the former was detailed for })i-ovost duty. It participated in the movements of the Army of the Cum- berland in its march to Atlanta. On the 6th of July it moved to Vining's Station, on the Western railroad, and on the 18th to Pace's Ferry, on the Chattahoochee river. The regiment was here employed in building bridges across that stream. On the 2l8t of July, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Dean, who had been commissioned to rank from June 7th, 1864, it marched toward Atlanta. On the 27th of August it encamped at Red Oak, on the Montgomery railroad, and on the 29th destroyed a portion of that road. On the 'SOih and 31st the regiment marched towards Jonesboro, encamping South of that place on the 2d of September. Returning in the direction of Atlanta, it marched into that place on the 8th, and was employed until the 3Ist of October on provost duty. At that date it moved to Mariette, Ga., 18 miles from Chattanooga, and then left that place as pare of the escort to the headquarters of Major General Tliomas, and arrived at Chattanooga November 6tb, having made the march of 138 miles in a little over six days. The 22d formed a part of the reserve brigade, commanded by Colonel Le Favour, Army of tlie Cumberland, which was doing duty as provost guard of the department. It remained at Chattanooga during the winter o i that duty, and furnished guards for steamers leaving that })ort, and was also engaged in building barracks. On April Ist, 1865, the regiment was transferred from the reserve brigade to the command of Major General Steedman, commanding the District of Etowah, and on the 7th was a.^signed to the 3d brigade, separate division. Army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, where it continueil to serve until June 2Uth, when it was ordered to Nashville, where it was mustered out of service on the 26th, and on the 27th left for Michigan by rail via Louisville, Indianapolis, and Michigan City, and, arriving at Detroit on the 30t,h, in command of Colonel Le Favour, was there paid off and discharged on the 11th of July. The regiment while in service was engaged at Danville, Ky., March 24, lb63 ; Hickman's Bridge, Ky., March 27, 1863; Pea Vine Creek, Tenn., Sep- tember 17, 1863; McAliee's Church, Tenn., September 19, 1863; Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 2U, 1863; Wantahatchie (near Chattanooga), Tenn., September 28 to October 1:^8, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Atlanta, Ga., July 22 and 23, 1864. This regiment had carried on its rolls 1,586, and its losses were 374, of whom 1 officer ami 52 men were killed in action; died of wounds, 2 officers and 27 men; of disease, 3 officers and 289 men. " Men of the silent bands, Men of half- told days, Lift up your specter hands, And take our sweet bouquets." 428 MICHIGAN m THE WAR. Note. — In August or September, '62, and soon after the 18th and 22d regiments went to the field in Kentucky, they were brigaded under command of Colonel Doolittle of the 18th. The government at that time being remarkably careful of rebel property, both man and beast, it became necessary for Colonel Doolittle to issue an order against killing hogs. In the 22d was the waif Johnny Clem, who had straggled from his home with an Ohio regiment and then joined the 22d Michigan. The first that is known of ftiis little wanderer of ten summers — small enough to live in a drum — he is beating the long roll for the 22d. Although a mere child, he had learned all sorts of tricks from the soldiers, and did not fully yield obedience to all orders. One morning the Colonel heard a musket report in the immediate vicinity of the camp, and being desirous of finding out the cause hurried out among the bushes and theie found Johnny and his victim, a hog, near by. " John," says the Colonel, "don't you know that it is against orders to kill hogs?" "/ k7iow it, but, Colonel, I don't intend to let any rebel hogs bite me!" At Chickamauga he was a marker. On Sunday of the battle the little fellow's occupa- tion is gone. He picks up a gun fallen from some dying hand, finds ammunition, and begins on his own account blazing away close to the ground, like a fire-fly in the grass. Late in the waning day this waif, left almost alone in the whirl of battle, a rebel colonel dashes up, looks down on him, orders his surrender. "Surrender," he shouts, "you httle !" Scarcely were the words spoken, like a flash Johnny brought his piece to an order, slipped his hand to the hammer, swings up the gun to a charge bayonet. The rebel raised his sabre to strike, the glancing barrel lifted into range, and the haughty colonel tumbled from his horse. Clem was afterwards captured, but says that after most of the regiment had been made prisoners by a large force of i-ebels and were being marched to the rear, they were fired upon by another rebel force, when he dropped as if shot, and after lying for some time on the ground, and until the escort had moved off, he traveled to Chattanooga during the night, a distance of about ten mUes. This boy attracted the attention of the noble-hearted Thomas, who sent him to school at his own espouse, then obtained an appointment for him at West Point, and he is now a very gentlemanly officer of the army. 4 TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. " While there's leaves In the forest and foam on the river, The Union, despite them, shall flourish forever. " The 23d, which had its rendezvous at East Saginaw was filled by volunteers from the 6th Congressional district, comprising the counties of Clinton, Shia- wassee, Genesee, Gratiot, Saginaw, Tuscola, Huron, Isabella, Midland, Bay, Iosco, Alpena, Chippewa, Marquette, Houghton, Ontonagon, and a few others not organized. Colonel David H. Jerome of Saginaw, was selected by Governor Blair as commandant of camp, who had charge of its recruitment and organization, which he most successfully accomplished. The regiment commenced recruiting on the 15th of July, 1862, and the 13tb of September was mustered into service with the following FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel. Marshall W. Chapin, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, Gilbert E. Pratt, Detroit. Major, Benjaiuhi F. Fisher, East Saginaw. Surgeon, Louis W. Fasquelle, St. Johns. Assis- tant Surgeon, Gilbert H. Blaker, Houghton. Second Assistant Surgeon, Gilbert Bogart, Jr., Flint. Adjutant, Campbell Montgomery, Detroit. Quartermaster, Charles D. Little, Saginaw City. Chaplain, James S. Smart, Flint. The companies comprising the regiment were : A. Captain, Oliver L. Spaulding, St. Johns. First Lieutenant, William Sickles, St. Johns. Second Lieutenant, James Travis, St. Johns. B. Captain, Henry Woodruff, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Fayette Smith, Bridge- port. Second Lieutenant, William A. Lewis, East Saginaw. C. Captain, Charles E. McAllister, Flint. First Lieutenant, George W. Buckingham, Flint. Second Lieutenant, William C. Stewart, Flint. D. Captain, Benjamin W. Huston, Vassar. First Lieutenant, John Hamilton, Watrous- ville. Second Lieutenant, John G. lliggs, Millington. E. Captain, Henry C. Norville, Saginaw City. First Lieutenant, John Earl, Harrisville. Second Lieutenant, Lester E. Cross, Saginaw City. F. Captain, Henry S. Raymond, Bay City. First Lieutenant, Eben K. Ayers, Port Austin. Second Lieutenant, John S. McKumoy, Portsmouth. G. Captain, Henry Walbridge, St. Johns. First Lieutenant, Stephen J. Wright, St. Johns. Second Lieutenant, Alonzo O. Hunt, St. Johns. II. Captain, John Carland, Caledonia. First Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Briscoe, Caledo- nia. Second Lieutenant, Marvin Miller, Corunna. I. Captain, Carlos D. Sheldon, Houghton. First Lieutenant, Graham Pope, Houghton. Second Lieutenant, William H. Patterson, Houghton. K. Captain. Damon Stewart, Fhnt. First Lieutenant, Samuel C. Bandall, Flint. Sec- ond Lieutenant, John Rea, Flint. It left Saginaw on the 18th of September following, in command of Colonel M. W. Chapin, and proceeded at once to Kentucky, its muster roll showing a 430 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. / force of 983 officers and enlisted men. Soon after its arrival in Kentucky it was assigned to the 10th division of General Rosecrans's army, and was soon pushed forward to Bowling Green, Kentucky. While stationed at that point, a detachment of the regiment, in command of Lieutenant E. G. Wellington in charge of a train for Nashville, waS attacked by a vei'y superior force of guerrillas, who were repulsed in so gallant a manner as to receive the commen- dation of the commanding general in orders. The following is from the report of Lieutenant Wellington and the order of General Juduh referred to: "I left Bowling Green at 10 A. M. on Friday, the 10th instant, with twenty-five men of Company B, in eharge of freight train for Nashville, Tennessee. At Neeley's Bend, about twelve miles this side of Nashville, the railroad runs near the Cumberland river, the river being on one side and a steep precipice on the other, just leaving room for the railroad track As we arrived at this point, about 4 P. M., a party of guerrillas, numbering about 200, opened upon the train from across the river with two field pieces, throwing shell. Several shells sti'uck the locomotive, disabling it, and several passed through the cars in which the guards were, striking the rocks beyond and bursting, throwing fragments of shell back into the cars. I disposed my men behind such shelter as was at hand and returned the fire, they replying with cannon and small arms. After about half an hour they retired with the loss of their leader and one other killed, leaving behind their bodies where they fell; what other damage was done them I am unable to say. My loss was two wounded, both before leaving the cars — Allen Barnum slightly in the left shoulder, and Edwin Worden in the right arm. The latter died after reaching Nashville. " Headquaetees U. S. Foeces, No. 25. \ Oeneeal Oedees, I Bowling Green, Ky., April 16th, 1863. !ES, ) ^63. S The following letter has been received from Headquarters district of Western Kentucky, and is pubhshed for the information of this command: Brigadier General H. M. Judah, Bowling Green; General,— I am directed by the commanding general to acknowledge the receipt of your com- munication of April Kith, enclosing report of Second Lieutenant E. G. Wellington, Jr., 23d Michigan Infantry, of the attack made by a body of guerrillas on a freight train on the Louisville and Nash- ville railroad near Nashville. The splendid conduct of Lieutenant Wellington and his brave men is deserving of the highest connnendaiion. Very respectfully, vour obedient servant, A. C. TEMPLE, Ass't Adj'l General. This order will be read at dress-parade in the camp of each regiment or battalion of this command. By order of Brigadier General Judah, E. C. KISE, A. A. O. The 23d remained at Bowling Green until May 29th, 1863, employed in gar- risoning that post and guarding railroad trains. May 31st the regiment, then in command of Major 0. L. Spaulding, Colonel Chapin being on special duty commanding troops at Carthage, arrived at Glasgow. Marching from Glasgow it proceeded to Tompkinsville, from which place it started July -Ith in pursuit r who bore our beau- tiful banner there was Major Dunn of the 3d Tennessee Infantry. Until that hour we had known but httie of the magnificence of that " Flag of the free heart's hope and home, By angel hands to valor given, Whose stars have lit the welkin dome, And all whose hues were born in heaven. " The shades of evening were falling, the enemy had fled. We entrenched ourselves and lay down to rest. Another hour and our regiment was building strong works on the 436 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR hill, up near where the last battery was taken. The enemy half a mile distant, on a hill of equal height, was heard doing a like work. Early on the morning of the 16th the bat- tery from General Couch's division opened upon the enemy's works at short range, doing splendid execution, piercing repeatedly their works, and even playing the sharpshooter, by crushing through the trees, from which were seen the smoke of rebel skirmisher^; the wind blew strong and cold. Far to the left was seen the flash of our artillery, bringing no audible response. The whole line poured out its volume of iron until about 2 P. M. All day legions of cavalry had been moving to our right. Then came the charge. Our first brigade, General Cooper's, moved from our left and began the ascent of that steep, the summit' of which was the last stronghold of the enemy visible to us. We watched our flao- as it moved slowly but steadily up, until it reached the summit, when it waved tri- umphantly there, and the rebels were seen flying before it. The excitement all along the line became intense. The flag that first waved over the enemy's works at the summit of the hill was that of the 25th Michigan. A few hundred yards to the right of this point the enemy was seen to plant hurriedly a battery and fire wildly a few shots, when our skir- mishers silenced it. A moment more and this was ours. Still on the right and higher up than all, there was such heavy musketry firing as to produce that perfect roll which tells that it is the carbine with its seven or more shots. Suddenly, very suddenly, it ceased. Our cavalry, which in these two days' fighting had redeemed itself from all odium attached to its character in the days of Wolford, had there captured a brigade. The glorious day's work was done. ' Ho, for Alabama! ' was then our watchword. We marched over their works and on in the pursuit. Such a scene! Their trenches, the corn fields, the Granny White pike which we then struck, the whole were covered with great and small arms, ammuni- tion and accoutrements, wounded, dead — indeed, all the paraphernalia and debris of a routed army. Glory enough; we had reached the acme of our arms, and felt a kind of pity for those who had not been here to see all this." The 23d corps having received orders to proceed to Washington, D, C, the regiment, still serving in the same brigade and division, left Columbia on January 1st, 1865, and marched for Clifton, a point on the Tennessee river, distant 250 miles, where it arrived on the 8th, and on the 16th embarked on steamers for Cincinnati, Ohio. Reaching there on the 22d immediately took rail for Washington, and arriving there on the 29th moved to Camp Stoneman and continued at that point until February 9th following, when it went to Alexandria, whereon the 11th it embarked with its corps on transports for Smithville, N. C, at the mouth of Cape Fear river, reaching that point on the 15th. On the 17th the movement was commenced against Fort Anderson, and on the 18th our troops were advanced to within a few yards of the forts and intrenched under a heavy fire of musketry and artillery, and on the morn- ing of the 19th occupied the fort, the 23d Michigan being the first to enter. Engaging again the enemy at Town Creek on the 20tii, capturing two pieces of artillery, and taking 350 prisoners, a movement was immediately made up the south bank of the I'^er, above Wilmington, and on the night of the 22d the troops moved back ten miles to cross the river for the purpose of rejoining General Terry. The crossing was made on boats from the fleet on the morn- ing of the 23d, when it was found that Wilmington had been evacuated during the previous night. The march was resumed on March 6th. Proceeding up the coast, reached Kingston just at the close of the action at that point, hav- ing marched 125 miles in six days, and for the last 24 hours without halting,, except long enough to draw rations and issue 30 additional rounds of ammu- nition to the men. On the 20th left Kingston, and occupied Goldsboro on the 22d, the eneiny retiring on the approach of our forces. General k>herman'& army arriving at Goldsboro on the 23d, the regiment was sent back ten miles to Mosely Hall to guard the railroad at that place while tiie army was being supplied, and on April 9th moved with the grand army on Raleigh, which was reached and occupied on the 13th. The regiment remained at that point until the surrender of Johnston's army on the 21st, when, on the 3d of May, it MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 437 marched for Greensboro, distant 90 miles, reaching there on the 7th. On the 9th went by rail to Salisbury, remaining there until June 28th, when it was mustered out of service, and in command of Colonel Spauldiug left for Mich- igan by rail via Danville, Petersburg, and City Point, Va., thence by steamer to Baltimore, Md., where it again took rail, and arriving July 7th at Detroit, on the SOih was paid off and discharged. The regiment during service had met the enemy at Paris, Ky., July 29, 18G3; Plufl's Ferry, Tenn., November 12, 18G3 ; Campbell's Station, Teun., November 16, 1863; siege of Knoxville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1803; Dandridge, Tenn., January 14, 1864; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., Jan- uary 22, 1864; Rocky Face, Ga., May 8, 1864; Eesaca, Ga,, May 14, 1864; Etowah River, Ga., May 22, 1864; Dallas, Ga., May 27,1864; New Hope Church, Ga., June 1, 1864; Lost Mountain, Ga., June 17, 1864; Kenesaw Ga., Jane 27, 1864; Chattahoochee River, Ga,, July 5 and 6, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1864; Lovejoy's Station, Ga., August 31, 1864; Columbia, Tenn., November 25, 1864; Duck River, Tenn., November 28, 1864; Spring Hill, Tenn., November 29, 1864; Franklin, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tenn., December 12 to 16, 1864; Fort Anderson, N. C,, Febiuary 18, 1865; Town Creek, N. C, February 20, 1865; Wilmington, N. C, February 21, 1865; Goldsboro, N. C, March 22, 1865. The 23d had borne on its rolls 1,417 officers and men, while its loss was 287, being 3 officers and 38 men killed in action, 1 officer and 17 men died of wounds, and of disease, 3 officers and 225 men. " O, bravest, truest, best! — Well earned the quiet rest, Beneath the daisied sod! No more the volleyinpf gun, No more the scorchmg sun, For you, O, tiled sleepers, watched by God!" TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " Our country! forever we swear 'neath the blue, Thy name and thy fame bright and spotless shall be! Thine honor we'll guard — hearts and hands ever true; Columbia! we owe all and give all to thee!" The 24th was raised almost exclusively in the county of Wayne, with its rendezvous at Detroit. It was recruited with much dispatch, being mustered into the U. S. service on the 15th of August, 1862, just thirty days from the date of the order giving authority for its organization. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Henry A. Morrow, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, Mark Planigan, Detroit- Major, Henry W. Nail, Detroit. Surgeon, John H. Beech, Coldwater. Assistant Surgeon^ Charles C. Smith, Kedford. Second Assistant Surgeon, Alexander Collar, Wayne. Adjutant, James J. Barnes, Detroit. Quartermaster, Digby V. Bell, Jr., Detroit. Chap- lain, William C. Way, Plymouth. The companies were mustered in with the following line officers: A. Captain, Edwin B. Wight, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Richard S. Dillon, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Henrv K. Whiting, Detroit. B. Captain, Isaac W. Ingersoll, Detroit. First Lieutenant, William H. Eexford, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, F. Augustus Buhl, Detroit. C. Captain, Calvin B. Crosby, Plymouth. First Lieutenant, Charles A. Hoyt, Plymouth. Second Lieutenant, Winfield S. Safford, Plymouth. D. Captain, William J. Speed, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John M. Farland, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Charles C. Yemens, Redford. E. Captain, James Cullen, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John J. Lennon, Detroit. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Malachi J. O'Donnell, Detroit. F. Captain, Albert M. Edwards, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Asa W. Sprague, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Jacob M. Howard, Jr., Deti'oit. G. Captain, William A. Owen, Detroit. First Lieutenant, William Hutchinson, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, George W. Burchell, Detroit. II. Captain, Warren G. Vinton, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John C. Merritt, Detroit. Second Litnitenant, Newell Grace, Redford. I. Captain, George C. Gordon, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Henry P. Kinney, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, John M. Gordon, Redford. K. Captain, William VV. Wight, Livonia. First Lieutenant, Walter H. Wallace, Browns- town. Second Lieutenant, David Birrell, Detroit. Prior to its leaving for the front, Messrs. F. Buhl, Ncwland & Co. gave the 24th, on Campus Martins, Detroit, a very costly ilag, red, white, and bine, in stars of raised work, inscribed on the flag, " 24t,h Michigan Infantry." D. E. Hurbaugh, Esc]., made a very appropriate presentation speech, to which Colonel Morrow made a very brief but patriotic reply. The flag was carried through all the battles of the regiment up to Gettysburg, where, in upholding MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 439 and saving it:, four color-bearers were killed and three wounded. It was then returned to the State, being so tattered and torn as to be unfit for service. The 24th left Detroit on the 29th of August, 1862, in command of Colonel Morrow, who had been authorized by the Governor to recruit and organize the regiment, and took the route to Washington, arriving there on September 2d, and marched to Camp Morrow, near Fort Lyon, Va., then on the 4th moved to Fort Wayne, remaining there until the 7th, when it marched to Camp Shearer, near Fort Baker, D. C. It remained at this camp until September 3Uth, when it was ordered by General Banks to take rail for Frederick City, Md., but owing to some disarrangement it did not start until October Ist, arriving at Frederick City about midnight of the same day, and the day after went into camp. On October 6th the regiment marched for Sharpsburg, arriving there on the 8th, and was assigned to General Gibbon's Ist brigade, 1st division, 1st corps. On October 20th, under orders of General Gibbon, the regiment continued the march from day to day in Maryland, and on the 30th crossed the Potomac on pontoon bridges into Virginia, at Berlin; continuing the march through Virginia, reached Warrenton on November ■6th, and on the 22d, after a long march, went into camp near the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Aquia Creek Railroad, when it was placed on duty guarding that railroad. On the 6th of December the regiment was relieved from that duty, and on the 9th, 10th, and 11th, was again on the move. At daylight on the 11th it marched towards Fredericksburg and remained lying on its arms until daylight of the 12th, when it crossed the Rappahannock on the lower pontoon bridges. Soon after reaching the Fredericksburg side the enemy opened with artillery from the heights. The regiment was still in the 4th brigade, Franklin's 1st division, Ist corps, and on the left of the line of battle. It was under heavy artillery fire on tlie 12th and 13th. On the latter day it supported battery "B," 4th U. S. artil- lery, sustaining a loss of 8 killed, 16 wounded and 8 missing. Among the killed was Lieutenant David Birrell. April 22d, 1863, the regiment marched from camp at Belle Plains, crossed the Rappahannock at Port Royal at daylight on the 23d, drove the enemy from the town, captured a number of prisoners, horses, and mules, and an important rebel mail, returning to camp on the 23d without loss. As preliminary to the crossing of the Rappahannock by the main body of the army in the advance on Chancellorsville, the 24th. on the 29th of April, supported by the 6th Wis- consin, crossed the river at Fitz Hugh crossing, drove the rebels from tlieir rifle-pits, and captured 103 prisoners, the loss of the regiment being 3 killed and 22 wounded. The enemy left 17 of their killed on the field. Tills was a daring achievement, receiving at the time the notice of the entire army for galhmt and successful serv'ice. Afterwards, the 1st corps, to which the 24th was attached, moved to near Chancellorsville, but did not become engaged in the battle at that place, and covered the retreat of the army across the Rappahannock, after the battle. Fiom the 21st to the 26Lh of May, inclusive, the brigade, then in command of Colonel Morrow, of which the 24Lh formed part was engaged in an expedition to Westmoreland Court House, which resulted in the capture of 50 prisoners and 5U0 horses and mules, and the liberation of over 1,000 slaves, who were broiiglit within our lines. In this affair the brigade marched over 150 miles in five days. ' The regiment, again in command of Colonel Morrow and then in the Ist brigade, 1st division, 1st corps, soon entered on the Pennsylvania can)paign. 440 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. At Gettysburg, the great battle of the rebellion, Michigan troops were in large proportion. There the Confederate army of Virginia, and the Federal army of the Potomac, meet face to face; there the blue, under the star-span- gled banner, and the grey, under the stars and bars, cover the hillocks and hillsides in that quiet, green valley of the Keystone State. " Thin curling in the morning air The wreaths of failing smolie declare, To embers now the brands decayed, Where the night-watch their fires had made." Out of the woodlands at break of day, a bullet comes ever and anon, an ominous messenger of the coming storm ; no enemy is yet in sight; at last a grey line of men shoots up, then comes a shock of musketry that rakes the Seminary, rends the trees, and makes gaps in lines of carbineers. Men on stretchers pass in solemn round, and the great battle is surely and furiously on. On they come, " True to the last of their blood and their breath, And like reapers advance to the hai-vest of death." Desperation is in their movements, they seem to hazard all, columns in mass rush on the union line ; they hesitate, stagger under the federal fire, waver and are repulsed. Charge follows charge in rapid order, unparalleled salvos of artillery, drifts of shot and shell, whirlwinds of minie bullets, continuous and destructive ; the field is gory, and the air is thick with the breath of the dying. Three long days the battle rages, but the flag of the union is triumphant, its stars shine brightly, and night brings victory. In the beautiful cemetery where now quietly rest the dead of that terrible strife, lie the remains of over two hundred Michigan men, the third largest in number, and the largest in proportion to population. "Sleep well, O sad-browed city, Whatever may betide ; Not under a nation's pity, But 'mid a nation's pride. The vines that round you clamber, The brightest shall be, and best ; You sleep in the honor-chamber, Each one is a royal guest." The 24th left its camp near the Rappahannock on the 12th of June, and shared, with its corps, the laborious and rapid marches to the Pennsylvania line. It arrived near Gettysburg on the 1st of July, and went immediately into action, the division to which it was attached being the first infantry force under fire in that sanguinary struggle. "When lo! the dread brigade called Iron, flashed In armour bright as on the foe they dashed ; And when they met, a a bloody slaughter spread The verdant plain, hke autumn leaves, with dead." This brigade had become known throughout the army of the Potomac as the "Iron lirigade," and under that additional designation its record in the war has passed into history. On the first day the loss of the 24th was extremely large, being 316 in killed, wounded, and misiring. Among the killed were Captains William J. Speed, Mahichi O'Donnell, and Lieutenants Walter H. Wallace, W. S. Saf- MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 441 ford, Newell Grace, R. Humphreyville, Gilbert A. Dickey, and Lucius D. Shattuck. During the engagements of the 2d and 3d it was not under fire of musketry. Extracts from the report of Colonel Morrow covering in detail the services and losses of his regiment at Gettysburg: "On the 28th day of June, 18G3, we marched from Middleton, Md., to near Frederick City, and on the 2yth we marched to Emmettsburg. Tlie latter was a long march, in which the troops suffered much from fatigue. On the 30th day of June we marched three or four miles and bivouacked near Marsh Creek. " At an early hour on the 1st day of July we marched in the direction of Gettysburg, distant six or seven miles. The report of artillery was soon heard in the direction of this place, which indicated that our cavalry had already engaged the enemy. Our pace was considerably quickened, and about 9 A. M. we came near the town of Gettysburg, and filed off to the left; leaving it on our right, we crossed an insignittcent branch, and were moved forward into line of battle on the double-quick. The cavalry immediately in oui* front was hotly engaged with the enemy, and the brigade was ordered to advance at once, no order being given or time allowed for loading our guns. I halted my regiment for this purpose, but was directed by a staff officer of General Wadsworth to move for- ward immediately without loading, which I did. The order to charge was now given, and the brigade dashed up and over the hill, and down into the ravine through wiiich (lows Willoughby's Run, where we captured a large number of prisoners being a part of Gen- eral Archer's brigade. The cavalry, in the meantime, had taken position on our left ttank. In this affair the 24th Michigan occupied the extreme left of the brigade, the 19Lh Indiana being on our right. I had lost my color-bearer, Abel G. Peck, a bravt; and faithful soldier, several of my color guard, and many men. After advancing to the crest of the hill beyond the run, we were halted, and threw out skirmishers to the front, and also to the left, near a brick house. We now received orders to withdraw to the east bank of the stream. The brigade changed front forward on first battalion and marciied into the woods known as McPherson's woods, and formed in line of battle, the 19th Indiana b<'ing on the left of the 24th Michigan, and the 7th Wisconsin on its right. In executing this movement my lieutenant colonel and adjutant were severely wounded, and did not after- ward join the regiment, the former having lost a leg and the latter being severely wounded in the groin. The line of the 24th Michigan curved a little backwards on the right, that wing being thrown a little back so as to connect with the 7th Wisconsin skir- mishers, who were immediately deployed in front, and became at once engaged with the enemy. The woods were shelled, but I have no casualties to report as occurring at this time. I several times sent officers to the general commanding to report the condition of the line, and suggesting a change of position, as it was, to my judgment, untenable. To these reports of the condition of the line I received answer that the position was ordered to be held, and must be held at all hazards. The enemy advanced in two lines of battle, their right extending beyond and overlapping our left. I gave directions to the men to withhold their fire until the enemy should come within easy range of our guns; this was done, but the nature of the ground was such that I am inclined to think we inilicted but little injury on the enemy at this time. Their advance was not chocked, and tliry came on with rapid strides, yelling like demons. The lUth Indiana, on our lol't, fought most gallantly, but was overpowered by superior numbers, the enemy having also the advantage of position, and after a severe loss was forced back. Tlie left of my regiment was now exposed to an enfilading and cross fire, and orders were given for this portion of the line to swing back so as to force the enemy now on the fiaiik. Pending the execution of this movement the enemy advanced in sucii force as to compel me to fall back and take a mnv position a short distance in the rear. In the meantime I had lost, in killed and wounded, several of my best ollicers and many of my men. Among the former were Captain William J. Speed, acting major, Lieutenant Dickey, a young officer of great promise, and Charles Ballon, my second color-bearer. The second Uno was promptly formed, and wo made a desperate resistance; but the enemy accumulating in our front, and our losses being very great, we were forced to fall back and take up a third position beyond a slitrht ravine. My third color-bearer, Augustus Ernest, of Company K, was killed on this line; Major E. B. Wight, acting lieutenant colonel, was wounded at this time and compelled to leave the field. By this time the ranks were so decimated tiiat scarcely a fourth of tlio fsed the Kapi- dan at Germania Ford on the 4th, and on the evening of the 5th encountered tlie enemy in the Wilderness. During this engagement the regiment captured a number of prisoners and a stand of colors from the 48th Virginia Infantry. Its loss (iuring the battles of the Wilderness were 18 killed, 46 wounded, and 42 prisoners and missing. Colonel Morrow being among the severely wounded. Lieutenant Colonel A. M. Edwards assumed command. The following is taken from Colonel Morrow's report: " * * * In the first engagement we drove the enemy full two miles, back to his rosei'A'es, capturing many prisoners and one stand of colors horn the 48Lh Vir^Miiia Infantry. The enemy rallied, and with their fresh troops compelled us to fall back to our original line of works. In this retreat through dense woods, witli the men in an exhausted coiidition, many of them fell into the hands of the enemy. In this charge we lost two brave officers, Captain Geoigo Huttou and Lieutenant Wm. B. Hutchinson,. kUled." * * • On the night of the 7th of May, Colonel Edwards in command, the regiment witlidrew from the Wilderness and marched rapidly towards Si)ott- sylviinia Court House. At the latter place it was under tire almost every day until the 21st, sustaining a loss of 11 killed, 39 wounded, and 1 missing. The regiment crossed the North Anna river May 23d. The enemy almost immedi- ately attacked, but were repulsed with large loss. The loss of the 24th wa& 3 killed, 8 wounded, and 5 missing. On the 28th the regiment crossed the Pamunky river rear Hanovertown. It participated in the fighting attending the advance to Cold Harbor, and in the battles and skirmishes near that point, sustaining a loss of 3 killed and 15 wounded. June 16th it crossed the James river at Wilcox's Landing, and marched toward Petersburg. On the 18th it ])articipated in the successful assault on the enemy's works surrounding that city, going into action with 120 men, and of this number losing nearly one- third m killed and wounded. In this charge Lieutenant and Adjutant Sirel Chilson was killed„while serv- ing on the staff of the general commanding division. r'rom this date until tiie movement on the Weldon railroad, on the 18th of August, the regiment was actively employed in duties attending the siege of Petersburg. Its loss in the various actions and skirmishes, and from the fire of the enemy's artillery and sharpshooters to which it was exposed, was 8 killed, 36 wounded, and 5 missing. August 18th it participated in an engage- ment on the Weldon railroad, having one man wounded. On the I'Jth the enemy massed a heavy force on their front and attacked their position. Tlie regiment succeeded in holding its ground for a short time, and thus saved a 446 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. large portion of its brigade from capture. The casualties of the regiment during this action were 25 in the aggregate. The regiment also partici{)ated in the battle of the 21st of August, in which the rebel attack on our lines was repulsed with large loss, the 24tli capturing during the battle 11 rebel officers, one stand of colors, a large number of arms, and 60 men, while its loss was very slight. A correspondent writes as follows: "The repulse of the 2d corps by the rebels at Ream's Station, four miles below the point held by the 5th corps, made a change of front necessary for our brigade and division, and our men pitched in like beavers that afternoon and night to build up breastworks and dig ditches to protect their left and rear from an attack in that direction. The 2-lth had labored well with pick and spade on the establishment of the hue after the slight repulse of the 19th of August, and the joyous satisfaction they feel at the success they had in so utterly destroying the rebel lines that charged upon them on Sunday repays them well for many an hour of hard digging and piling up of logs and rails and fixing up the sharp palisades and thorny abatis in front of their lines and ditches. " And in this fight (August 21st) the 2-ith was for the first time in its wide experience permitted to stand behind the cover of its works, and received the rebel columns with •well-aimed bullets from the bright gun barrels resting securely upon the top of their defenses. For the first time the tables were turned, and the enemy forced to assume the offensive, while this remnant of the ' Iron Brigade' awaited their assault, and pouring in their rapid, deadly fire swept whole rebel lines out of existence, or with open arms received the straggling remnant prisoners within their own. No wonder that the boys are Piatnd; and surely their extravagant exultations are pardonable, for, beginning with the first bloody battles in the Wilderness, they have been forced to seek the euemy in his den, behind his masked batteries, and under the friendly protection of curtains and casemates. The 'Iron Brigade' had charged the double lines of a wary foe; had faced frowning batteries, and pushed their undaimted front up to the brink of impassable ditches till the soul had sickened and the heart grown faint at the sight of slaughter and ill success; but here was a change, a wonderful difference and a gratifying result. With scarcely the breath of a hostile bullet in their faces, though the solid, grim, and ever gallant ranks of their enemies swept across the open field before them, our troops destroyed the foremost line and scattered the second in death and ignominous flight. Our old division, the sole remnant of the old 1st corps, actually took more prisoners than the entire number of its own rank and file. The rebel chagrin must have been deep and bitter as they filed in over our breastworks as prisoners and discovered the weakness of that line of defenders before whom they had halted and laid down their arms. Into the lines of our own regi- ment came almost the entire remnant of a Mississippi regiment, whose field officers gave up their swords to our officers, and whose colors form another of our trophies. It is true that in repelUng these charges the brave artillery acted their full part, and they also lost heavily as they hurled their grape and canister at short range into the advancing and partly enfiladed columns. The brave pickets of the red-striped trimming shall have due honor, but we must mention that here, too, as at the first battle of Fredericksburg, where the 24th passed through its ordeal fire, volunteers for the temporary working of the guns wei-e called for and the call pi'omptly filled from our ranks. When many of the battery heroes had been disabled and the cannoneers killed, our brave boys sprang to the guns, determined that the battle should not fail for lack of their enfilading fire, nor the pieces be abandoned for want of defenders. " The battle was won, and now one other slow but certain step in the exceedingly slow progress to the end of the war has been taken. The men are engaged at present with heavy details of fatigue parties in building a large and exceedingly strong fort to com- mand and hold this point in our hue, while other plans are being formed and put in execu- tion. Shall I repeat the stereotyped and senseless phrase that we 'have confidence m certain plans that are about to break out and astonish the world?' " The regiment, then in the 1st brigade, 3d division, 5th corps, participated in the battle of Hatcher's Kun on the 27th of October, 18(J4. The division captured a large number of prisoners during the nigiit of the 37th. and on the morning of the 28th the regiment was sent on picket, and covered the retreat of the army hack to their old works in front of Petersburg. During tlie month of is'ovember the regiment, commanded by Colonel MICHIGA2S IN TUE WAE. 447 Morrow, was engaged on picket duty, watching the enemy in front of Peters- burg, and on the (3th of December moved southward anil bivouacked for the night near the Jerusalem plank road, and there the corps was massed prepar- atory to a movement in the direction of Weldou, N. C, for the purpose of destroying the railroad and ascertaining the enemy's position and strength in that direction. The expedition, consisting ot" the 5th corps, Mott's division of the *^d corps, Gregg's cavalry division, and eighteen pieces of artillery, all under command of Major General Warren, moved south on the Jerusalem plank road on the 7th, crossed the Nottoway river, and pushed on as far as Sussex Court House tiiat night, and on the following morning continued the movement southward, but somi turning westward and reaching the railroad burned the bridge over the Nottoway, from thence moved slowly southward, destroying the railroad by burning the ties and bending the rails. The column reached Belllield, on the Meberrin river, on the 9th, having totally destroyed the railroad from the Nottoway to that point, a distance of about twenty miles. On arriving at Bellfield a small force of the enemy was found posted on the south bank of the Meberrin, near Hickford, but did not make much resistance. The object of the expedition having been accomplished, the troops commenced to move back towards Petersburg on the 10th, the enemy with a considerable force of cavalry threatening the rear of the command, Uring occasionally, but did not attack with any spirit, and on the l:;ith, arrived in camp in front of Petersburg. The regiment remained in camp at that point, building winter quarters and performing the usual picket and camp duties until February 5ih, 1805, when, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Edwards, Col- onel Morrow being in command of the brigade, it moved with the army to Hatcher's Run, which it crossed and bivouacked for the night, and on the 6th and 7th was hotly engaged with the enemy at Dabney's Mills, the regiment losing two officers and twenty men in killed and wounded. On the 11th of February the regiment was ordered to report at Baltimore, Md., for special duty, and reaching there on the 15th was ordered to proceed to Springfield, 111., for duty at the draft rendezvous, where it arrived on the 21st, and at that point was on garrison duty in guarding conscripts and taking them to the front, and while there stationed had the honor of being selected as escort at the fun- eral of President Lincoln. While at Springfield the citizens of Detroit, through General Mark Flaui- gan, gave the regiment a superb silk flag elegantly embroidered with the Mich- igan and United States arms, together with the battles in which the regiment had participated. The flag was taken to the regiment, then at Canip Butler, Illinois, by Major William Hutchinson, and presented, together with a letter from General Flanigan. Colonel A. M. Edwards, commanding the regiment, received it in an appropriate reply. On the 19th of June the regiment left Springfield for Detroit, where it arrived on the JiOlh, and on the 3Uth was mustered out of service, and soon thereafter was paid off and disbanded. During its term of service it took part in encounters with the enemy at Fredericksburg, Va., December 12 and 13, 1802; Port Koyal, Va., April 23, 1803; Fiizhugh Crossing, April 29, 1803; Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1803; Westmorland, Va,, May 23, J803; Gettysburg, Penu., July 1, 2, and 3, 1803; Mine Run, \'a., November 29, 1803; liaccoon Ford, Va., February 5, 1864; Wilderness, Va., Mav 5, 6, and ?, 1804; Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 11, and 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 28, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864; 448 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 3, and 4, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864; Weldon railroad, Va., August 18, 19, and 21, 1864; Hicksford, Va., December 9, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., Octo- ber 27, 1864; Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6 and 7, 1865; siege ol Peters- burg, Va., June 17, 1864, to February 11, 1865. The 24th had borne on its rolls 2,054 officers and men, while its loss was 313, as follows : 12 officers and 118 men killed in aotion, 1 officer and 38 men died of wounds, and 2 officers and 142 men of disease. *' Next, thro' Gettysburg' we trod; And still trusting in our God, Tro' those Independence days, With our blood we soaked the sod, And o'er hundreds heaped the clod, — Their holy mound of praise." Notes. — The commander of the " Iron Brigade" requested of McClellan that as he had several Wisconsin regiments, and being about to receive another, that it might be a Wis- consin regiment. The General replied: " That is impossible, but I will send you a Mich- igan regiment, and they are as good as are in the service." He sent the 24:th Michigan. From the KebeUion Record: Colonel Morrow, the brave leader of the famous 24th Michigan, lately made a long -war-speech to his fellow-citizens of Detroit. Among other things he told them the following: "One of the rebel officers captured by us afterwards met me in Gettysburg, where I was a pris- oner. A man came up to me in the street and said: ' Colonel, how do you do? You don't know me, and think 1 don't know you. (I had cut off my straps to prevent my being recognized as a colonel ) Come and take a drink.' Of course I drank with him, and then asked who he was. He took me one side from the rebel officers and said: 'Your regiment captured meat Fltz Hugh's Landing, d—n youl' Said I, 'Glad ofit. Didn't they treat you well?' ' Bully,' was his reply. 'Then treat me the same.' 'We will; where are your straps?' ' I have lost them for the time being.' 'All right, I shan't say a word.' He kept his promise, and when I left the rebels tliey took me for a surgeon. "Twenty-four hours after crossing at Fitz Hugh's Landing, we recrossed and went to Chancel, lorsville. There we were stationed at a separate space and guarded two roads, a position of honor^ given, as I was assured by General Hooker, as a compliment to the regiment. We were unsuccess- ful at Chancellorsville, but through no fault of General Hooker's. It would have been a glorious victory, had it noi been for the defection of an army corps, and this was due to the bad conduct of its officers, and not to any lack of courage among the men. The 11th corps occupied a position di- rectly in front of the enemy, and was, nevertheless, allowed by its officers to lay down its arms and make coffee. It was then attacked by the rebels with those unearthly shouts of theirs. The rebels lieat any people out shouting. One-half the battles in that neighborhood were fought by power of the lungs rather than the bayonet. The lungs of the rebels are not so strong as ours, but they have a boy-like scream which is much shriller. (Colonel Morrow then related an amusing anecdote of the counter-cheering of the rebels and the '24th at Fitz Hugh's Landing.) General Hooker, at Chancellorsville, exhibited splendid generalship. I was told by a prisoner, a rebel col- onel—a fact never before printed, I believe— that General Hooker succeeded in transporting 30,000 men across the Rappahannock and Rapiilan.and right into the center of the rebel position, without their obtaining the least knowledge of it. In fact. General Hooker succeeded in dividing the rebel army, cutting off Stewart from Lee, and obliging the former to cut his way through in order to reach headquarters. However, we lost the battle, and fell back into our camp. "At Gettysburg, witli my assistant surgeon. Dr. Collar, indefatigable in season and out of season, I visited the hospitals and the battle flelu— the latter at 12 o'clock in the night of the 3d— determin- ing the names ot those that had fallen. In a barn, among two hundred others, I found a little Irish boy from this city, Patrick Cleary, a bright boy, and a brave litiie ftllow. I said to him, ' Patrick,' how do you feel?' He said, 'Pretty well, but the doctor says I can't live." I looked at his wounded leg and saw that mortification had set in. I said, 'I don't know; the doctor is the best judge. If he says you can't live you had better prepare to die.' said ho, 'Colonel, if you'll have the leg taken off, I'll be with the regiment in a week.' I told him that was impossible. He then said, 'Colonel, ain't you proud of the 'J4th? Won't the people of Wayne coun-iy be proud?' God bless that boy. He is dead now. [A voice, ' He is alive yet.' j I am glad to hear it. He is a credit to his native and adopted country. The last thing the boys think of is what those at home think of them. They feel proud of themselves, and they want you to feel proud too. Write them cheering letters. Encourage your soldiers. Bid them God speed. Tell them they are fighting in a just and holy cause, as they certainly are." The Washington Sunday Herald has the following account of General Gordon and Col- onel Morrow at the battle of Gettysburg: "While conversing with Colonel Bachelder, the historian of the battle of Gettysbui-g, a few even- ings ago, at one of tlic leading hotels, he remarked: 'This jostling crowd little realizes that those two gentlemen in pleasant conversation yonder,' pointing to Senator Gordon of Georgia, and Gen- eral Morrow, of the United Stales army, 'were prominent actors on opposite sides in the battle of Gettysburg.' Ami, as these gentlemen continued their conversation, and the crowd came and went, we drew from his never-ending fund of Gettysburg incidents the following story: 1'ho offi- cer conversing with Senator Gordon is General Morrow, now sitting on the Army Equipment Board MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 449 In this city. He was among the wounded Union officers captured at Gettysbiirsr when that place fell iiiio ihe hands of the Confederate troops on the evening of the flrst day's battle. Colonel Mor- low coininaiiMed the •i4th Michiy;an Volunteers, which belonged to the lainiai.s ' Iron Brlicadu,' coiu- Eost'd of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana trooi)S, and forming a part of the division that opened the atile, and it was with this brigade that General Keynolds was killed. Ami it was also Colonel Morrow's regiment which enveloped the flank of Archer's brigade, compelling the surrender of General Archer with a large number of his men. " Colonel morrow's rcgiiiK'nt went into the engagement with 4''fi officers ana«'k. I said, 'For God's sake don't shoot us so.' Tliie words were hardly out of my niouili when they fired. One ball went through my memorandum book, entered a little lielow the center of my right breast, glanced round and lodged near my back bone, just below the skin, where it still remains. A second shot struck the top button of my coat, shivered it to pieces, glanced and passed Into my left breast and uumu out under my arm, inflicting only a slight wound. 460 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. "When I was shot I fell forward and fainted. I soon came to myself and found the guerrillas cutting the buttons off my coat and searching my pockets. As I lay on my left side they did not find my pocket-book containing f iO. They took my boots, pants, and hat, and left an old pair of shoes. I have Moses Buck's hat, which has a ball hole made when I was shot. The man that was searching me says to another, ' John, this d — d rascal ain't dead; he's playing off.' The other came up, but, having no load in his pistol, said, 'D — n him, he's shot clear through — he's dead enough;' and they went off and left me, They seemed to be in a great hurry, and did not wait to see that their work was well done. " I lay there till near the next morning. Before daylight I crawled down where William Dewey, Company D, was, and lay there till daylight. With the help of a stick I got up, but hearing some one talking I lay down on Dewey's arm. Two men came along and searched around for some time. I did not dare to speak for fear they would shoot me, and they did not discover that I was alive. The persons proved to be Mr. Hammond and his son. After they were gone I got out of the ravine and crawled over into another, and clunbed up on a side hill into the top of a fallen chestnut tree. I was not hungry, but suffered intensely from thirst. The roof of my mouth became dry and parched, and I was in constant pain from my wounds. While I lay there I saw several citizens come and bury my companions. "I lay there till after dark, and during the night crawled up the hill, crossed a road into a corn field, then into a field grown up to weeds. I lay there in the weeds all day, all night, and the next day till most night. All this while I was without food or drink. My wounds were very painful, and my suffering was very great. When the sun was about two hours high a man who was picking cotton near by beard me cough and came to me. He said he heard me the day before, but supposed it was some of the negroes. I was carried to the house of Joseph Hassell, where I remained till the 6th of December. The people were very kind to me, and I had everything I could wish. Several guerrillas came in to see me, and tried to pursuade me to go with them to Forrest'* scouts to be paroled; but I refused. They asked if the bushwhackers took my money; 1 told them they did. 'J'liey asked how much; I told them three dollars. One of them gave me three dollars and another ten. I considei'ed this only a ruse to deceive me. " Two days before I left this place I learned they intended to kill me, and were to wait till Christmas, when they were to have a great carnival over me, and have their own fun killing me a second time. Not liking the shape matters were taking, I paid a negro to run me off and take me across Duck river. He took me to within a quarter of a mile of Ceuterville, when I walked to the town. Here I fell in with Mr, James Carr, who was taking with him a led horse. He let me ride this horse, and I came to within 14 mUes of Columbia, to Andrew Cx'awford's, a Union man. " I now thought it better to make my way to Columbia and give myself up to the rebels as a prisoner of war, than to risk myself with the bushwhackers; but Mr. Crawford per- suaded me to stay, saying the rebels would never take Nashville, but would soon fall back and I could join our troops. I staid with him one week. While there a rebel officer came and staid all night. He was going to Johnsonville to order a brigade that was there to go Florence as soon as possible. I saw him coming and went into a back room and covered myself with a quantity of cotton, and lay there till he was gone the next morning. From Crawford's I went to Daniel McKenon's, six miles from Columbia, and his two sons brouL'ht me to Columbia, Tuesday, Dec. 27th." This is one case among hundreds where our noble soldiers were brutally murdered, made the sport and jeer of men claiming to fight for their country, but proving themselves barbarians, yea, savages. Think of this, ye sympathizers with the rebellion, and consider the character and practices of your would-be friends, and then look a Federal soldier in the face, if you can, and say, "1 hope the rebels will triumph." If you can, you deserve to swing on the same gallows with them, higher than Human. L. C. H. A pronounced and universal patriotism was provei'bial among Northern women, while many of them defended the fiag in the field with a courage and endurance worthy the other sex, and Michigan was not without her examples. "In 1863, a Captain, accompanied by a young soldier apparently about seventeen, arrived in Louisville in charge of some rebel prisoners. The soldier attracted the atten- tion of Colonel Mundy, at that time commanding oflicer of the post, by his intelligence and si)riglitly appearance. The Colonel detailed him for duty at Barracks No. 1, with the 25th Michigan, then garrisoning Louisville. He soon won the esteem of his officeis and became a genrral favorite with all. Soon, however, the startling secret was disclosed, and whisperings wcint thick and fast, the young soldier was a lady; the fact was reported and established by a soldier who was raised in the same town with her and knew her parents. She begged to be retained; having been in service ten months, she desired to MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 461 serve during the war; her wish was granted, and she was continued on duty In the hospital. Her name then was Frank Martin; her proper name she refused to give. She was born in New Bristol, Conn., but was raised in Alleghany City, Penn.; her parents were very respectable people. At the age of twelve she was sent to a convent at Wheel- ing, where she remained till the outbreaking of the war, and was well educated and accomplished. She left the convent, enlisted in an East Tennessee cavalry regiment, and went with the Army of the Cumberland to Nashville. She was in the engagement at Stone River, and severely wounded. Her sex was then discovered, and she was mustered out, although entreating earnestly with tears in her eyes to be continued in service. Determined to enlist again, it is reported that she joined the 8th Michigan Infantiy, and is supposed to have belonged to it when she came to Louisville with the Captain and prisoners. Frank was quite small, a beautiful figure, auburn hair, large blue eyes beam- ing with brightness and intelligence; her complexion naturally very fair, though bronzed by exposure. She was exceedingly pretty and very amiable. She was very patriotic and determined to see the war out." When the 25th left Louisville to enter upon the Atlanta campaign, she remained there, and of her whereabouts since, nothing is known by the members of the Eegimunt. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. •• What flag Is this you carry Along the sea and shore? The same our grandshlres lifted up, The same our fathers bore." The 25th having failed to supply places for all the surplus companies which had been offered to the Congressional District regiments, the 36th was organ- ized and ordered into rendezvous at Jackson. In order to complete the regiment it was found necessary to recruit two additional companies, which was speedily accomplished, and on the 12th of December, 18(32, it was mustered into service with the following FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Judson S. Farrar, Mt. Clemens. Lieutenant Colonel, Heniy H. Wells, Detroit. Major, William 0. Donnell, Saginaw. Surgeon, Ennis Church, Marshall. Assistant Sur- geon, Mahlon H. Raymond, Grass Lake. Second Assistant Surgeon, Odney D Brooks, Muskegon. Adjutant, Charles D. Fox, Lyons. Quartermaster, Charles E. Crane, Adrian. Chaplain, Jonathan Blanchard, Ann Arbor. The companies composing the regiment were: A. Captain, L. Edwin Knapp, Grand Traverse. First Lieutenant, George H. Holden, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Sewell S. Parker, Monroe. B. Captain, Stephen B. Burch, Pinckney. First Lieutenant, Washington W. Burch, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Lucius H. Ives, Pinckney. C. Captain, James A. Lothian, Muskegon. First Lieutenant, Henry Dopson, Muske- gon. Second Lieutenant, Chauucey Gibbs, Muskegon. D. Captain, Lafayette Church, Arcadia. First Lieutenant, Nathan Church, Arcadia. Second Lieutenant, William S. Turck, Alma. E. Captain, John C. Culver, Hamburg. First Lieutenant, Edwin Hadley, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Charles E. Grisson, Hamburg. F. Captain, Lemuel Saviers, Franklin. First Lieutenant, Edmond Richardson, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Morris Roberts, Tecumseh. G. Captain, Asa G. Dailey, Niles. First Lieutenant, WilUam L. Cady, Dayton. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Lawrence D. Burch, Ann Arbor. H Captain, John H. Saycrs, Mason. First Lieutenant, Eli P. Loranger, Williamstown. Second Lieutenant, Henry V. Steele, Mason. I. Captain, Earl W. Avery, Lowell. First Lieutenant, Joseph Wilson, Lowell. Second Lieutenant, Leonard H. Hunt, Lowell. K. Captain, Franklin Johnson, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Frank Standish, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, David H. Patterson, Grass Lake. While the 2GLh was in camp at Jackson, and immediately preceding the march of the regiment to the front, it received at the fair hands of the ladies of Jackson a UjagnificenL silk flag, the field of blue, with letters of gold. The presentation speech was made in good taste by the Hon. i^idus Livermore, who (462) MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 463 had been commissioned by the governor as commaiulant of camp to raise the regiment, and which was responded to in a patriotic manner by Colonel J. S. Farrar, commanding. The flag was borne by the regiment through many sanguinary fields, and what is left of it is now in the archives of the State. On the 13th of December following, the regiment, in command of Colons' Farrar, left its camp for Washington, having on its muster rolls 903 officers and men. Soon after the arrival of this regiment at Washington, it was ordered on provost duty at Alexandria, Virginia. It remained thus employed until April 20th, 1863, when it proceeded to Suffolk, Virginia, under orders to aid in the defense of that place then threatened by the rebel forces under Longstreet. The regiment was engaged on heavy fatigue duty, constructing defenses and occupying the trenches for over two weeks, when the enemy withdrew. It par- ticipated in the several expeditions subsequently made to the Bluckwater. In one of these. May 23d, a portion of the regiment became engaged in a skir- mish in the vicinity of Windsor, in which Captain John C. Culver was mor- tally wounded and died next day. June 20th, the regiment moved to Yorktown, and formed part of the com- mand of General Keyes, which marched to Bottom's Bridge, on the Chicka- honiiny, and returned to Yorktown July 11th. The day following the return of the expedition from that point, the regiment was ordered to Washington, and thence to the city of New York, to assist in sustaining the laws during the draft in that city. The New York Times said : "The 2Gth Michigan arrived here last night from the Potomac, and will be assigned to duty in this city until the great riot is quelled. The regiment bore evidences of the hard services it had undergone in the field; but it is composed of as fine a body of brave, intel- ligent American young men as ever shouldered a musket in the cause of civil hberty and civil order. We welcome it to the city, and we trust our citizens, by their thoughtful attentions, will show their appreciation of such a regiment. At the present moment the Peninsula State is represented in the three great armies of Grant, Rosecrans, and .Meade, as well as in those of Banks, Gillmore, and Dix, and the Michigan soldiers have won renown for their bravery and discipline throughout the war and on almost every battle- field." It remained at New York and in the defenses in the harbor during the pro- gress of the draft, and on the 13th of October, the regiment was ordered from Fort Kichmond, on Stateu Island, where it had been stationed, to tlie Army of the Potomac. On its joining that army it was assigned to the 1st brigade, (Miles's) of the Ist division, 2d army corps, in which it continued during its entire service, and was recognized as the skirmish regiment of the division. On the 7th of November, this regiment marched from its camp, near War- rentou, Virginia, to the Rappahannock, which it crossed on tlio 8th. Proceed- ing to Stevensburg, it there encanjped until the 26th. It took part, witli the army, in the movement on Mine Run, crossed the Rapidun at Germania Ford, and advanced to Robertson's Tavern, arriving on the 27th. On tlie 2'Jtii, in a skirmish with the enemy at Mine Run, it lost nine uren wounded. It returned to Stevensburg December 3d, and during the winter, witli the exception of the movement to Morton's Ford, February bth and 7th, J 864. in which it partici- pated, the regiment remained quietly in winter quarters, in the performance of the usual picket duty. On the 4th of May following, in command of Major L. Saviers, it crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and, deploying, covered the flank of its division in its march to Chaucellorsville, where it bivouacked. During the afternoon of 464 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the 5th the enemy was encountered on the road toward Orange Court House. The regiment, however, with the exception of a detachment who were on duty as skirmishers, did not become engaged in the fight which ensued, being held in reserve. The only casualty of the day was one wounded. At night the regiment threw up breastworks, and on the 7th charged the enemy's dis- mounted cavalry and drove them over two miles, capturing a number of prisoners and important dispatches from General Lee to General Stuart, com- manding the enemy's cavalry forces. The loss in this action was six wounded. In the "American Conflict" is found the following notice of the 2d corps (Hancock's), in which the 26th was serving, in the engagement in the Wilder- ness, May 6th : i« * * * qq ouj. left General Hancock had moved out at 5 A. M., and had pushed forward, fighting and crowding back Hili, taking many prisoners, nearly two miles across the Brock road on his way to Parker's store. Here he was stopped by the arrival of Longstreet, who, after a brief lull, charged in turn, throwing our front into confusion, and requiring the presence of part of Burnside's corps to steady and restore it, when Long- street in turn was pressed back, falling severely wounded, it is said, by a fire from his own men. Again a desperate attack by the enemy bore back the front of the 2d corps to its intrenched line and abatis along the Brock road." •*»*•* On the 8th the regiment marched to Todd's Tavern, and after constructing earthworks moved out towards Corbin's Bridge and engaged the enemy, losing one wounded. At evening it withdrew to its works. On the 9th the regi- ment crossed the Po river, and advancing about two miles it lay during the night in close proximity to the enemy's lines. The enemy attacking on the following morning, and our forces withdrawing, the regiment assisted in covering the crossing of the Po. On the 11th it recrossed that river, and made a reconnoissance of the enemy's position, losing in the engagement that ensued 3 killed and 15 wounded. On the 12th of May it participated in the memorable charge made by the 2d corps on the enemy's works, which were carried after a fierce hand to hand fight with the bayonet. The 26th was the first regiment to plant its colors on the rebel works. It captured, immediately in rear of the enemy's lines, two brass guus with the gunners. It also partici- pated in the desperate struggle that followed the assault, and assisted in the capture of a large number of guus, colors, and prisoners. Its loss in this battle was 27 killed, 98 wounded, and 14 missing. The greater portion of the missing are now known to have been killed. Among the severely wounded was Major Saviers, commanding the regiment. Leaving its position at Spottsylvania Court House, in command of Captaia Jas. A. Lothian, on the night of the 20th, the regiment marched to the North Anna river, where it arrived on the 23d. On the 24th it crossed that river at Jericho bridge, under a heavy fire from the enemy's artillery, and after a spirited skirmish the rebels were driven into their works. The casualties of the regiment in the engagement were 5 killed and 9 wounded, Captain Henry V. Steele being among the killed. It recrossed the North Anna on the night of the 26th, and marched toward the Pamunky. Crossing that river on the morning of the 28th, it advanced to the vicinity of Hawes's Shop and threw up breastworks. On the 29th it moved down the Richmond road, drove in the enemy's pickets, and developed their position on the Tolopotomy creek. Three companies were engaged in skirmishing with the enemy on tlie 30th, losing 1 killed and 3 wounded. From the Red Book of Michigan : "The 26th had acquitted itself with much credit in several battles when it entered MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 4Gj on the great campaign of 1864 with the Army of the Potomac, bravely fighting through the "NVilderness and at Corbin's Bridge and Ny river, and then most sig- nally distinguished itself at Po river and Spottsylvaiiia. On May 9th the regi- ment, in command of Major Saviers, marched to Po river, crossed, deployed as skirmishers, and advanced about two miles, captured a few stragglers, halted, and laid in sku-mish line all night, in close proximity to the enemy, who Mas tmsy throwing up woiks. On Tuesday morning the loth. General Giant's army occupied the same position as on the previous day. His line stretched about six miles on the northerly bank of the Po, and took the general form of a crescent, the wings being thrown forward. The second corps, across the Po, now held a line on the right nearly parallel to the road from Shady Grove church to the court house. The 5th corps held the center being on the east side of the Po, and the 6th corps held the left, facing toward tlie court house. Further on the left was the 9th corps, under General Burnside. In front was a dense forest. The enemy held Spottsylvania and the region north of the court house; his position was well supported by breastworks, and along the center was the forest and underbrush, hning a marsh partially drained by a run. The conflict opened in the morn- ing by a terrific fire of artillery, which was incessant ail the forenoon. A most vigorous and gallant attack was made by the 5th corps and by Generals Gibbon's and Birney's divisions of the 2d corps on the center of General Lee's array. In the meantime the enemy had turned General Barlow's division, (1st,) of the 2d corps on the right, but it was finally extricated without much loss. In this movement of the enemy the 2t;th was attacked from the rear, and after a spirited resistance was compelled to move out by the left flank and took a position to cover the recrossing of the troops, and when accomplished crossed to the opposite side of the river. On the next day (Wednesday the 11th) the position of the two armies was nearly the same as on the previous day. During the morning there was a brisk skirmishing. The regiment, in command of Major Saviers, was sent out to reconnoiter the enemy's position, moved up the north bank of the Po about two miles, crossed, deployed as skirmishers, and advanced down the south bank to find his left and develop his force, attacked and drove in his pickets, charged a strong skirmish line and driving them into their woi-ks, gaining and holding a position under a heavy fire for half an hour within three hundred yards of the enemy's entrenchments. Having accomplished the object of the reconnoissance, the regiment "recrossed the river and returned to the picket line, with a loss of three killed and fifteen wounded. It was determined during the day to make an assault early the next morning on the enemy's left, where their batteries were so strongly posted as to annoy General Grant's fines. The 2d corps was selected to make this movement. Soon after midnight, in the darkness and storm. General Hancock changed the position of his corps from the extreme right to the left, fining up the space between Generals Wright and Burnside. It was then near ground well commanded by the enemy and requiring a quick advance in the morning. At 11 P. M., the 26th having been reheved from the picket line, commenced the movement to the left of the Gth corps at Spottsylvania, where the division had preceded it, and in the dark- ness Lelnx misled, had marched all night, only reaching the ground where the division, being in the first line, was massed for the assault, just in time for the regiment to form in column without halting, aligning its ranks as it advanced. The regiment moved up in gallant style, and was the first to reach the rebel works (striking them at an angle), which were carried after a hand-to-hand fight with the bayonet, capturing two brass guns immediately in rear of the enemy's line, which had been fired only once, and just as the works were entered. The regiment passed on without halting, and soon became mingled with the other regiments coming up in left and rear, and with these charged along the rebel line at a run, rolling it up for more than a mile, capturing a large number of prisoners, guns, and colors. When about a mile from the angle referred to, another line running nearly perpendicular to the line being rolled up, was encountered, which sharply contested the advance. Having unavoidably become much broken up, and being opened on by a heavy fire from the woods on the right and left, were obliged to fall back, losing half the ground gained, though the men who thronged their works had been made prisoners and sent to the rear. Several pieces of captured artillery had been left in the hands of the enemy as they could not be drawn off. The regiment was reformed and moved with the brigade to the woods on the left, where rillc pits were constructed. The enemy having, by repeated and desperate assaults, retaken the works on the left, near the angle, the regiment was ordered to that; creeping along by the right Hank on the outside of the works, until it overlapped the rebel line about half the length of the regiment, its right resting hear a point where a large oak tree, twenty -two inches in diameter, standing almost on the first line of rebel works, was literally cut down by musket bullets, partly coming from the 2Gth. "The regiment fought for more than one hour over the rebel works, almost musket to musket, lobing a large number killed and wounded, when the enemy made signals of sur- 466 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. render by waving handkerchiefs on their rammers. Firing ceased and the rebels were called to come over, when their whole line for seventy or eighty yards rose up and started to come in; but the moment firing ceased the enemy advanced a fresh line, which came up from their supports to the works with a cheer, when most of those who had started to surrender turned and jumped into the works again. About twenty who were immediately in front of the regiment were taken. The regiment fought this new line for half an hour when it was relieved and moved to the left where it joined the brigade and remained during the night. In this memorable affair, which lasted fourteen hours, the regiment lost twenty-seven killed, four commissioned officers and ninety- three men wounded, and fourteen missing, most of whom are now known to have been killed. Major Saviers, commanding the regiment, was struck four times by the enemy's bullets while gallantly doing his duty, and seven out of the nine color-guards were lulled or wounded. The regiment was specially complimented by Generals Barlow and Miles for its noble conduct and persistent and vigorous fighting during the day, and had the credit of first planting its colors on the enemy's works. "In the Richmond Examiner's account of the battle of Spottsylvania occurs the follow- ing: "'A Tbee Hewn Down by Bullets. — Most people have doubted the literal accuracy of the dispatch concerning the battle of Spottsylvania, which alleged that trees were cut down under the concentrated fire of minie balls. We doubted the literal fact ourselves and would doubt it still but for the indisputable testi- mony of Dr. Charles McGill, an eye-witness of the battle. The tree stood near our breastworks at a point upon which at one time the most murderous musketry fire that ever was heard of was directed. The tree fell inside our works and injured several of our men. After the battle Dr. McGill measured the trunk and found it twenty-two inches through and sixty-one inches in circumference, actually hacked through by the awful avalanche of bullets packing against it. The foliage of tlie tree was trimmed away as effectually as though an army of locusts had swarmed on its branches. A grasshopper could not have lived through the pelting of that leaden storm ; and but for the fact that our troops were protected by breastworks they would have been swept away to a man.'" On the 2d of June, 1864, the regiment arrived at Cold Harbor, and advanc- ing as skirmishers on the enemy near Gaines's Hill, succeeded in driving him into his intrenchments. It afterwards charged their works across an open field, but finding them occupied by the enemy in force, and being under a fire of grape and canister, the regiment was obliged to retire. The casualties sustained in the assault were 15 wounded and 5 missing. From the 3d to the ]2th the regiment was on the skirmish line and in the intrenchments, and lost 3 men killed, ? wounded, and 1 missing. At midnight on the 14th it crossed the James river at Wilcox's Landing, and on the morning of the I6th arrived in front of Petersburg. The regiment participated in the assault of the 16th, in which the first line of the enemy's rifle pits was carried. It lost in the attack its commanding officer. Captain James A. Lothian, who was mortally wounded, and 2 men killed and 9 wounded. From the "American Conflict : " " * * ♦ Meade, after posting his army, hastened to City Point for a consultation with Grant, and returning at 2 P. M. gave orders for a general assault, which was dehv- ered at 6 P. M, Hancock's, Burnside's, and a part of Warren's corps went forward in the face of a terrible fiie from a sheltered and formidable foe, and a night of combat and carnage resulted in a general" advance of our lines, though at a heavy cost. * * * At 6 o'clock an attack was made and continued for three hours. General Birney's division on the right of the center corps carried the crest in his front and held it firmly. * * A charge was made by the brigades of Miles and Griffin, which succeeded in gaining a foothold of the rifle pits outside of the stronger works." On the 17th, the regiment, in command of Captain A. Gr. Dailey, partici- pated in the capture of the enemy's line of works, losing in the charge 2 killed and 7 wounded. A detachment was engaged as skirmishers on the 18th, ■with a loss of 1 killed and 1 wounded. On the 22d the regiment assisted in repulsing an assault made on our lines near the Williams House, on the Weldon railroad. Its loss in the attack was 2 men taken prisoners. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 4ftT The 26th also attracted much enviable notice by its gallant fighting at Deep Bottom, July 27tli and 28tb, where the enemy in front of the 2d corps occu- pied rifle-pits defended by a battery. An advance was made by the corps, •during which General Miles's brigade, in which was the 2Gth, flanked the whole position under a brisk fire, driving the enemy in much confusion, ■capturing four guns and taking some prisoners, the 26th constituting a part of the skirmish line which led the assault. On tlie 28th the regiment -made a reconnoissance between New Market and Charles City road to discover the enemy's left, when it attacked and drove in splendid style double its own strength for half a mile, and then pushed them into their earthworks in much confusion. For this gallant and dashing affair, and the operations of the day preceding, the regiment was specially complimented by General Hancock iii general orders. On the 14th of August it was engaged" at Strawberry Plains, and on the 16th it encountered the enemy near the White Oak Swamp, losing 3 killed, 14 wounded, and 17 taken prisoners. Among the latter was the offi- cer commanding the regiment, Captain Dailey. The regiment, then com- manded by Captain L. H. Ives, recrossed the James river on the 20th, and reached the lines in front of Petersburg on the 21st. On the 22d it marched to the Weldon railroad, and until the 24th was employed in the destruction of that road, near Ream's Station. On the 25th it was engaged in the battle at the latter point, assisted in repelling the repeated assault of the enemy, and after the works were taken by the rebels, participated in the charge in which they were retaken. Its loss in the action was 3 wounded and 14 missing. On the oth of September the regiment moved on the plank road near the "Williams House." Here it was engaged in constructing works until the 9th of October, when it moved to the right. On the 24th it was ordered to Cedar Level Sta- tion, as guard for commissary stores. On the 26th it rejoined its brigade, then encamped near the "Avery House," where it remained until the close of the month. The regiment, now in command of Major N. Church, occupied a position in the entrenchments in front of Petersburg, daily engaged from October 31st, 1864, until March 25th following, when immediately after the enemy's attack on Forts Steedman and Hancock, in front of the 9th corps, on that day the regiment, with its brigade, was ordered to make a charge on the enemy's works in front of its position, and succeeded in capturing a portion of them, taking several prisoners, and continued fighting during the day with slight loss. The brigade occupied that position until the army commenced its flanking move- ment to the left on March 29th, when it was deployed during the day as skir- mishers, in front of the corps, and at night was relieved. On the 30th it again skirmished the entire day, the regiment losing several men, and on the 31st it marched in column until about noon, when it again took the skirmish line, and participated in a running fight with the enemy until it was relieved. From the 1st to the 6th of April, while in command of Major Ives, who had been pro- moted to the majority to rank from March 7th preceding, vice Church, com- missioned as Lieutenant Colonel, and then serving as Assistant Inspector Gen- eral on General Miles's staff, the regiment was engaged in pursuing the retreat- ing army, fighting every day. On the 6th the regiment took a very active part in the capture of a train of 260 wagons, containing baijgage, provisions, and ammunition, and was the first regiment to attack the train. The pursuit of the enemy continued on the 7th, 8th, and 9th, and the regiment was in the skirmish line at the surrender of lice's army, and tlirough its lines Cieneral Grant operated with his flag of truce in arranging the terms of surrender. 468 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. From March 28th until April 9th, 1865, the regiment had been engaged' with the enemy at Hatcher's Run, March 29th; Buydton Road, March 30th; White Oak Road, March 31st; Sutherland's Station April 2d ; Amelia Springs, April 5th; Deatousville, April 6th; Sailor's Creek, April 6th; High Bridge. April 7th; Farmville, April 7th; Appomattox Court House, April 9'th, and had captured over four hundred prisoners. During these engagements its losses had been, in killed and wounded, about sixty, or more than one-fourth of its number present for duty, and had been often complimented by the brigade and division commanders as the best skirmish regiment in the corps. After the surrender the regiment with its brigade was detailed to remain at that point until the paroling of the rebel army was accomplished, and was engaged in guarding the trains employed in bringing off the captured arms and ammunition, and in parking the artillery. On the 18th the regiment again joined the army at Burksville, where it remained until May 2d, when it proceeded by rail via Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Falmouth, Va., to Washington, D. C, and arriving there on the 13th, encamped near Bailey's Cross Roads, and on the 23d participated in the review of the army of the Potomac. The regiment remained at that point until June 4th, when it was mustered out of seivice, and under command of Major Ives imuiediately started for Michigan, arriving at Jackson June 7tli. On the 16th it was paid off and discharged. Fully cognizant of the services of the 36th, especially during Grarit's cam- paign of 1864-5, General Barlow, in whose division it served, as well as Gen- eral Hancock, commanding the corps, in letters to Colonel Church, written a few years subsequent to the war, regretting their inability to be present at a reunion of the regiment refer to it in the highest commendation. Barlow says : " I have the strongest regard and admiration for the 26th Michigan. It is a difficult thing to picli out one regiment from all those I served with as the very best, but I can say this, that I never saw one superior in the whole army. I think the well organized and discipUned regiments (and yours was all that), from the northwestern States were on the whole the best soldiers in the army. The trouble with some of those western regi- ments was that they did not appreciate the value of subordination and discipline. But the 26th had no fault of this liind. I believe that an army of such regiments as that would be superior to any army in the world. I regret I could not be present to express in person the affection I feel for the old regiment and the pride I took in having it under my comnjand. I say this with a warmth and sincerity which I could express in the same degree towards but few of the regiments which I had in my command." Hancock writes : "I have great respect and esteem for th» officers and men of a regiment so distin- guished in the field as the 26th Michigan Infantry, and being bound to them in ties of friendship derived through a common service. " The regiment was engaged with the enemy at the siege of Suffolk, Va., April 22 to May 14, 1863; Windsor, Va., Alay 22, 1863; Mine Run, Va., November 29, 1863; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 6, and 7, 1864; Corbin's Bridge, Va., May 8, 1864; Ny river, Va., May 9 and 10, 1864; Po river, Va., May 11, 1864; Siiotisylvania, Va., May 12", 13, 14, and 18, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 24, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., May 30 and 31, and June 1, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 3, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 16 and 17, 1864; Weldon Railroad, Va., June 22, 1864; Deep Bottom, Va., July 27 and 28, 1864; Strawberry Plains, Va., August 14, 17, 1864; White Oak Swamp, Va., August 16, 1864; Reams's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; Peeble'sFarm, Va., March 25, 1865; Hatcher's Run, Va., March 29, 1865; Boydton Road, i I MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 469 Va., March 30, 31, 1865; White Oak Roar], Va., March 31, 1805; Suther- lat)d's Station, Va., April 2, 18(35; Amelia Springs, Va., April 5, 1865; Uea- tonsville, Va., April 6, 1865; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865; High Bridge, Va., April 7, 1865; Fannvillc, Va., April 7, 1865; Appomattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864 to April 3, 1865. The 26th had a membership of 1,210, while its losses were 259, of which 1 officer and 61 men were killed in action, 2 officeis and 37 meu died of wounds, aud of disease 3 officers and 155 men. " You, whose lives cold set, Like a winter's sun ill-timed, Whose hearts ran down ere yet The noon of your lives had chimed." Note. — A correspondent wrote: " The question is often asked in Michieran, ' What has become of the 2Glh? ' If our friends were to call at the headquarters of Generals Han- cock and Miles, or visit any of the regiments of tlio 2(1 corps, they would not be wanting in all the data requisite to establish for the 2Gth a fame second to none in the army of the Potomac. An olliier of hiah rank recently said in our hearing: 'The 26th Aiicliigan is the linest skirmish regiment in Meade's army.' Such testimonials are frecjuently awarded us, and though we are wanting in all that concentration of local pride and influ- ence at home which has given so much celebrity to the 2-4th and other regiments, wy are content to leave the keeping of our fame to those who shall give to the world Hm iinpax- tial history of tlie war. " L TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, " To arms! the voice of freedom calls, Nor calls in vain; Up from the fields, the shops, the halls, The busy street, the city walls, Eush martial men." In the order for the recruitment of the 27th Regiment it was directed that six companies be raised in the Lake Superior counties, but only three were there organized, consisting of those recruited by Captains Wright, Moody, and Plumuier. These companies were rendezvoused at Port Huron, and were for a time in charge of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas S. Sprague, of Detroit, and afterwards in command of Colonel D. M. Fox. In the meantime, the recruitment of a regiment designated as the 28th had been ordered, to rendezvous at Ypsilanti, in charge of Colouel Edward Doyle, of Detroit. Kecruiting for these regiments proceeded so slowly that it was determined, in view of the exigencies of the service, to consolidate them, and on the 1st of February, 1863, the 27th was ordered to break camp at Port Huron and pro- ceed to the rendezvous at Ypsilanti. The process of consolidation was there completed, the united regiments becoming known as the 27th, which was mustered into the service of the United States with eight companies, on April 10th, 1863. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Dorus M. Fox, Lyons. Lieutenant Colonel, John H. Richardson, Tuscola. Major, William B. "Wright, Eagle Harbor. Surgeon, Cyrus M. Stocliwell, Port Huron. Asbistant Surgeon, Hamilton E. Smith, Lexington, Second Assistant Surgeon, Jonathan E. Davis, Macomb. Adjutant, David F. Fox, Detroit. Quartermaster, William P. Spaulding, Sault Ste. Marie. Chaplain, Sylvan S. Hunting, Detroit. The companies composing the regiment were A. Captain, Daniel Plummer, Ontonagon. First Lieutenant, Charles Waite, Rockland. Second Lieutenant, Daniel G. Cash, Ontonagon. B. Captain, Samuel Moody, Houghton. First Lieutenant, James H. Slawson, Hough- ton. Second Lieutenant, Nelson Truckey, Marquette. C. Captain, William B. Wright, Eagle Harbor. First Lieutenant, Frederick Myers, Houghton, tjecond Lieutenant, Chester W. Houghton, Houghton. D. Captain, James Dafoe, Greenfield. First Lieutenant, Harper S. Richardson, Tus- cola. Second Lieutenant, Ambrose B. Thomas, Vevay. E. Captain, James Kernahan, Springfield. First Lieutenant, Paul Gies, Detroit. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Alfred H. Bolio, Freedom. F. Captain, Robert S. Baker, Port Huron. First Lieutent, Daniel S. Tompkins, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, Warren A. Norton, Detroit. G. Captain, Edward S. Leadbeater, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Oscar F. Fox, Lyons. Second Lieutenant, Edward Gouse, Detroit. (470) MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 471 H. Captain, Alonzo L. Bingham, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, John Quigley, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Lyster M. O'Brien, Detroit. On the 13th of December followwg, Uompany I was mustered into service, with Captain Abner B. Wood, St. Johns. First Lieutenant, Porter K. Perrin, St. Johns. Secoiul Lieutenant, John Q. Patterson, Ovid, and the organization of the regiment was completed on January 4th, 1864, by the muster of Company K, Captain, Edwin J. March, Hillsdale. First Lieutenant, Oscar Hancock, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, John Armour, Detroit. The regiment of eight companies in command of Colonel Fox, proceeded from, its rendezvous at Ypsilanti, to Kentucky via Cincinnati, on April 12th, 1863, with a force on its muster rolls of 865 officers and men. Before leaving the State the 27th had a flag prepared by the ladies of Port Huron and carried to Ypsilanti, where it was delivered on their behalf by the Hon. James Sanborn, of Port Huron, in an appropriate speech, to which Col- onel D. M. Fox replied for the regiment. The flag was of the first quality and superb workmanship. It was stationed at various points in Kentucky, having a skirmish with the enemy at Jamestown, June 2d, 1863. In that month it was assigned to the 3d brigade, Ist division, 9th corps, and in June was sent to Mississippi to rein- force Grant's army at Vicksburg, and was engaged in the siege at that place from June 22d to July 4th, when it moved with its corps in the advance on Jackson, Mississippi, and in a skirmish near that place on the 11th, lost two killed and five wounded ; among the wounded was Lieutenant Harper S. Rich- ardson, who died of his wounds January 5th, 1864. After the evacuation of Jackson by the rebels the regiment participated with its division in a recon- noissance to Pearl river, and after destroying several miles of railroad returned to Milldale, its former encampment. On the 1st of November, 1863, this regiment, in command of Major William B. Wright, was attached to the 2d brigade, Ist division, 9th army corps, and was encamped at Lenoir Station, East Tennessee. Breaking camp on the morning of the 14th of November, the regiment, then in the 2d brigade, marched to Hough's Ferry. On the 16th the army commenced the retreat to Knoxville, closely followed by the rebel army under General Longstreet. In order to effect the safe withdrawal of the trains, a stand was made at Camp- bell's Station. In the engagement the 27th participated, losing 3 killed, 8 wounded, and 10 missing. The retreat was continued to Knoxville, where the regiment actively assisted in the defense of the city during the siege. In the assault made by the rebels on Fort Sanders, November 2yth, the loss of the regiment was 1 killed and 19 missing. The casualties of the regiment during the mouth of November were 4 killed, 4 mortally wounded, 17 severely wounded, and 29 missing; total, 54. The regiment marched on the 7th of December in pursuit of the retreating enemy, following him to Kutledge, whence, after remaining in camp three days, it fell back to Bluin's Cross Roads, where it encamped until the 16th of January, 1864. During the period follow- ing the 14th of November the suffering and hardships of the regiment were very severe, particularly during the retreat to Knoxville and the siege of that place, from want of rest and an insulticient supply of food and clothing. At Mossy Creek, in March following, the regiment was joined by two new com- panies, I and K, which had been raised in the State, together with a large number of recruits, numbering in all 362 men. On the 17th it marched via Knoxville, Hall's Gap, Kentucky, and Camp Dick Robinson, to Nicholasville, 472 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Kentucky. The march to this phice was accomplished in fourteen days, an average of nearly seventeen miles a day. Proceeding thence by cars, the regi- ment arrived at Annapolis, Maryland, April 5th. Two cotnnanies of sharp- sliooters, in command of Captains Porter K. Perrin and Richard "V^osper, joined the regiment at Annapolis. April 23d, the regiment moved via Wash- ington and Manassas to Warrenton, Virginia, where it joined the Army of the Potomac on the '-.*9th. The 27th, 864 strong, in command of Major Samuel Moody, and then in the 1st brigade, 3d division of the same corps (Burnside's), crossed the Rapi- dan, and on the 6th participated in the battle of the Wilderness, sustaining a loss of 89 in killed and wounded, including among the killed Lieutenants James H. Plummer and Arthur Christian, and among the wounded Major Moody, who did not leave tlie field. From the Annual Cyclopedia, 1864: "May 5th. * * On the right, fighting commenced with an attack by General Sedg- wick, who advanced his line. In the afternoon the enemy advanced to drive him back, during which they made a desperate effort to turn his right. In this extremity he sent a request to General Buruside, who had that day crossed over, to close up and assist him. At this time the attack of the enemy was repulsed, but near nightfall it was renewed with great vigor. A most desperate engagement ensued, which continued imtil two hours after dark, when the indecisive conflict closed. * * ***** " May 6th. * * At 8 and 10.30 o'clock the right was again pressed by the enemy. The firing at each period extended all along the line. The efforts of the enemy appeared to be intended to break through the separate corps. The gaps, however, were closed up by the 9th corps. Earthworks were thrown up whenever and wherever practicable, and proved to be of invaluable service. * * * At noon the contest was comparatively sus- pended, and General Grant concentrated his lines, interposing the greater part of Burn- side's corps between Generals Warren and Hancock. The left was also brought forward a little toward the center from the Brock road, to which it had been driven. These move- ments had hardly been completed when the forces of Generals Longstreet and Hill renewed the attack on the left and penter with great fury and drove them back. The fight was fiercest at the junction of these two corps, and General Crawford's 3d division of the 5th corps, General Carr's 4th division of the 2d corps, and General Stevenson's division of the yth corps suffered the most heavily. "****** On the 12th of May the regiment was engaged at Spottsylvania Court House, losing 27 killed, 148 wounded, and 12 missing, Lieutenant John Armour being among the wounded, who died next day. Marching in command of Colonel Fox with its brigade to the North Anna river, it lost, in the operations of the 24th and 25th of May, 3 killed and 8 wounded. During the entire month of May the casualties of the regiment were 47 killed, 230 wounded, and 16 missing; a total of 293. Having crosi^ed the Pamunky and moved forward with the aimy to Bethesda Church, the regiment participated in the engage- ment at that point on the 3d of June, with a loss of 16 killed and 60 wounded, including among the killed Lieutenants Chas. H. Seymour and Chas. T. Miller, while Major Moody received a wound of which he died in Washington on June 20ch following: From the report of Captain Chas, Waite, commanding regiment: <<* ♦ * ^i Bethesda Church the regiment was engaged June 3d, and charged the enemy's works in our front, carrying his first line, but were soon repulsed with heavy loss. In this engagement Major Moody received a wound which caused his death. The loss of this gallant officer was deeply mourned in the regiment. Though sufi'eiing from illness and a wound received in the Wilderness, he had steadily remained at his post of duty, on all occasions manifesting rare courage and entire devotion to the cause in which he yielded up his fife." In this severe battle Willcox's division, 9 h corjis, was heavily engaged, with aieat loss. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 473 The "American Conflict" says: " "Wriglit's and Smith's assaults were loss dctorminofi— at all events less sancruinary— than Hancock's, and Warren having a long line to hold was content to hold it. Buruside swung two of his divisions around to flank the enemy's left, which he hotlv engaged, and must have worsted, had the battle along our front been protracted; but that could not be. Twenty minutes after the first shot was fired, fully 10,000 of our men were stretched writhing on the sod, or still and calm in doath, while the enemy's loss was probably Tittle more than 1,000; and when, some hours later, orders were sont by General Meade to each corps commander to renew the attack at once, without n-^'ard to any other, the men simply and unanimously refused to obey it. They knew that success was hopeless, and the attempt to gain it murderous; hence they refused to be sacrificed to no purpose." Marchinp; to Cold Harbor it took part in the operations there, and crossing the James river with the army, advanced to the front at Petersburg. Ou the 17th and 18th it took part in the charges made on the enemy's works. Col- onel Fox being wounded on the 17th, Captain E. S. Leadbeater succeeded him and continued in command during the 18th and 19th. On the 20th l.ieuten- ant Colonel Wright again took command, and duty was commenced in the trenches. During the month of June the loss of the regiment was 21 killed, 149 wounded and 23 missing, including Lieutenant J. W. Breunan killed in the action of the 18th. These casualties occurred principally in the battles of the 17th and 18th. From the 8th to the 30th of July the regiment was stationed in the advanced line of works, immediately in front of the rebel forts that were blown up on the 30th by the springing of the mine. In the charges made by divisions of the 9th corps after the explosion, the 27th led its brigade against a most territic and continuous lire, but succeeded in reaching the Crater, where it was afterwards exposed to a severe iire, losing heavily. Colonel Wright, its commander, received two wounds, one by a sliell, the other by a rifle ball in the shoulder, disabling him from command. The casualties of the month of July were: Killed, 34; wounded, 92; miss- ing, 27; total, 143. The regiment occupied a portion of the entrenchments in front of Petersburg until the 19th of August, when it marched to the Wel- don railroad. On the 19th and 20th it participated in the battles fonglit near that road. Its loss in these two engagements was 9 killed, 8 wounded, and 37 missing, Lieutenant Mason Vospcr being among the killed of the 19th. During September until the 29th the regiment, in command of Captain Waite, being then in the 1st brigade, 1st division, was engaged principally in the construction of fortifications, roads, etc. On the 29th it moved to the west of the Weldon road, and on the 30th took part in the battle near Peebles's Farm, or Poplar Grove Church, with a loss of 10 wounded, and 1 missing. Here Lieutenant Theodore S. Mead was wounded, and died of his wounds at Washin<;ton, on the 29th of October following. On October 3d Colonel Fox having resigned, on November 12th following Lieutenant Colonel B. M. Cutclieon, 20th Miciiigan, was promoted to the col- onelcy, but did not assume command of the regiment, being ttill in command of the 2d brigade, which he had held since October 17th, 1864, and which he continued to hold until March Gth, 1805, when he resigned. On the 27th and 28th of October tlie regiment took part in the movement on the Soutii Side railroad, but did not become engaged. Duiing tiie month of Novomber the 27th in command of Lieutenant Colonel Waite, who liad been promoted to rank from tlie 17th of October previous, was engaged on picket duty, and holding a portion of our line of entreuchnienta GO 474 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. near the South Side railroad, about seven miles west of Petersburg, and ore the 29th moved to the right and took a position in the works in front of Petersburg, relieving troops of the 2d corps. In that position it remained, doing very heavy and arduous picket duty until April 1st, 1865, when it was ordered to make a demonstration on the enemy's line directly in front of Mine Fort, as it was supposed that he was withdrawing from that point. The demon- stration was made, but it was found that he was still in force, and the com- mand fell back to the main line of works again, when a movement was mada one mile to the left, where a line of battle was formed in rear of Fort Sedg- wick, and preparations made to charge at daybreak on the following morning., From the Red Book of Michigan : " Prominent among the chain of works in front of our army at Petersburg was Fort MahoD. It had been decided to attacli that point at daybreak, on the day before the evac- uation of Petersburg. The assaulting column is formed of regiments in mass; the point of attack about 300 yards distant; the main assault to be made by a large brigade of new troops. The brigade of the 27th Michigan is in their supporting column; the advance column is on the move. Soon a heavy fire of musketry and artillery is opened by the enemy; the new troops waver for a moment, then dash gallantly forward; soon their hearty cheers announce success; the men coming to the rear with the wounded shout tri- umphantly to the old brigade: ' Boys we have taken the fort for you, and for God's sake see if you can hold it!' But the firing every moment increases in vigor; the news from the fort is doubted; soon the command comes, ' Forward, first brigade!' They advance with a hearty cheer, on the double-quick. Soon the new brigade is reached — they are only in the rifle pits; it is found impossible for the 1st brigade to pass them; the assault is likely to prove a failure; death to halt and await orders, disgrace to fall back, the only alternative to attempt the fort with 123 men in the 27th— a moment's delay would be fatal.. Instantly the direction of the regiment is changed; the command, unmasked, charges again to the front, advances at the double-quick on the fort. The brigade commander fears the result, — shouts, ' Don't attempt the fort. Colonel, break to the right!' The colonel's strong, clear voice rises above the deafening uproar and answers back with gallant spirit, ' Fort or nothing !' Taking up the cry the whole regiment shout exultingly, 'Fort or nothing!' Pressing onward under a tremendous fire of grape are soon out of range under embankments, the ditch is cleared, the walls are gained, and on their ragged edge are in triumph planted the colors of the 27, capturing its eastern wing with three pieces of artillery, and- taking 164 prisoners, and holding it during the day against repeated assaults of the enemy; during the night the regiment moved to the right of the captured fort, and there threw up breastworks connecting it with the federal picket line, and on the 3d at 3 A. M. advanced and entered Petersburg, the enemy having withdrawn during the previous night. After the evacuation of Petersburg by the rebels the regiment partici- pated in the pursuit of the retreating columns of Lee's army, and was afterwards employed In picketing along the South Side railroad until the 18th, when it was ordered to Washington, where it took part in the review of the army of the Potomac on the 23d, and then encamped near Tannallytown, D. 0." The regiment remained at Tannallytown until mustered out of service July 26, 18G5, when, under command of Colonel Waite, it took its route for Mich- igan, and arriving at Detroit on the 2yth, was soon thereafter paid off and disbanded. The 27th participated in encounters with the enemy at Jamestown, Ky., June 2, 1863; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., June 22 to July 4, 1863; Jackson, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863; Blue Springs, Tenn., October 10, 1863; Loudon, Tenn., November 14, 1863; Lenoir Station, Tenn., November 15, 1863; Campbell's Station, Tenn., November 16, 1863; siege of Knoxville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1863; Fort Saunders, Tenn., November 29, 1863; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 22, 1864; near Knoxville, Tenu.,^ January 23, 1864; Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864; Ny river, Va., May 9, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 11, 12, 1864; Ox Ford, Va., May 23, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 24, 25, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va.^ MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 475 June 2 aud 3, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 17, 18, 1864; The Crater, Va., July 30, 18G4; Weldon Railroad, Va., August 19, 21, 1864; Reams's Station, Va., Aus;u8t 25, 1864; Poplar Springs Ciiurch, Va., September 30, 1864; Pegrain Farm, Va., October 2, 1864; Bovdton Road, Va., October 8, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 28, 1864; Fort Steedman, Va., March 25, 1865; Fort Mahon, Va., April 2, 1865; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. This regiment had a membership of 2,029 oflBcers and men, and lost 417; 6 officers, 122 men being killed in action, 2 officers aud 84 men died of wounds, aud of disease 4 officers and 199 men. •' Euins of manly graces, Strong buds crushed in spring. Lilt up your phantom faces And see the llowers we bring." Notes. — Major Moody of the 27th, formerly a well known Lalce Superior as well as sea captain, while in command of his company at Jackson, Miss., and while in Une of battle behind some protection, being desirous of saving his men from the fire of the enemy, repeatedly cautioned them against exposing themselves, and failing to do so sat- isfactorily, losing all patience with them, rushed in front of the company calling aloud at the top of his voice, "Boys, bear a hand and keep down or by Jupiter if you don't I'll send every mother's son of you aft" (meaning the rear), inferring that he would do their part of the fighting himself. On another occasion while advancing in line of battle in the Wilderness under a heavy fire, anxious to keep his alignment, in the excitement around him forgot his tactics and military phrases and went back to his native element, the sailor, and is heard all over the line giving his commands, "Luff, boys, luff, steady! luff, luff, there, steady] now give 'em every shot in the locker." At the explosion of what is known as the "Mine," in front of Petersburg, on July 30th, 1864, the 9ih corps were the troops principally engaged. The 3d division, commanded by General Willcox, having in it si.x Michigan regi- ments of infantry, 2d, 8th, 17th, 20th, 27th, and 1st sharpsliooters, followed the leading division in the charge, and suffered severe loss. Of the part taken by his command in that affair the Greueral makes the following report: Headquakters 3d Division, 9th Aemy Corps, | Before Petersburg, Va., August 6th, li>64. ) Coloneij, — I have the honor to report that on the 30th ult. Hartranft's brigade was promptly formed close in rear of the left of Ledlio's division, and ready to move l(.)rward at 3.30 A. M. Humphrey's brigade occupied part of the second Une of our rifie-pits and the covered way leading to Hartranft's brigade, and was ready at the same hour. The mine exploded at 4.45 A. M. As soon as the explosion, and the first division advanced, Hartranft's advance passed through our front line of pits in column of battalions, at 5 A. M., and three regimeuta occupied the left of the exploded work on the left flank of the 1st division, their ranks considerably broken up by the irregularity of the ground. The Ist division, halting in llie crater, soon closed up the way so tiiat two regiments of Hartranft's brigade rciuained on tlie near slope of the rebel work, and two regiments halted in rear of our works, wait- ing tor space to move up. The distance between the two lines was about 140 yaiils. In obedience to instructions from General iJurnside, I ordered General Hartranlt for- ward, without waiting for the 1st division, with instructions to gain Cemetery Hill if pos- sible. This was about 5.15 A. M. Meantime the enemy had recovered from their surprise, and now concentrated so heavy a fire upon the point that our troops, in seeking temporaiy shelter, became still 476 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. more mixed with each other and with the 1st division, lost their ranks and much of their x-egimental organization in spite of tlie efforts of many of the officers, and evory new regiment tliat marched into the breech only increased the huddle and confusion, and interfered the more with the ofl'cers in re-foi ming for another advance. I did not, there- fore, push the remaining two regiments of this brigade into the crater, but reported to General Burnside that no more troops could assault at this breech to advantage, and recommended an attack on the right and left of it. I sent repeated and peremptory orders to General Hartranft to advance, but he reported it impossible. I ordered him to send at least one regiment to the left and within the enemy's lines, clean out the rebels on that flank as far as possible, and then advance. I am sure that both he, with his staff, and the i-egimenlal commanders did all in their power to obey these orders. The 27th Michigan volunteers started towards the left, but its commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Wright, was shot, and the enemy, while pi'otected by their traverses, had so long a line of fire from their pits that the 27th was unable to make any headway, notwithstanding that General Hartranft succeeded in disinterring one of the rebel guns in the work, and firing it down this flank in aid of the movement. About 7 or 8 o'clock the colored division moved into and on the right of the crater, and I sent orders to Hartranft to follow up and support them if they sureeeded in advancing. At the same time I pushed forward Humphrey's brigade in a front attack agauist the rebel rifle-pits on the left of the crater. Tlie 2d, 2llth, and 1st Michigan regiments went in line, and witli no great loss carried the pits the length of their line, capturing some 40 prisoners, but the dtith New York Volunteers broke, and in their disgraceful retreat threw two remaining regiments of the 2d brigade into temporary disorder, and separated tiiem from the hne of battle. Meantime Hartranft got out another gun and was able to use it on his right flank when an assault was made upon that side and upon the negro troops who now occupied it without advancing toward Cemetery hill. This assault on the crater was repulsed with much loss to the rebels, the troops of my division springing to the edge of the crater and firing until the enemy was driven back and sought the shelter of the rifle-pits. The two guns spoken of were manned by men of this division and of the 14th New York heavy artillery, under the guidance of Sergeant W. Stanley, Co. "D" of that regi- ment, who behaved with great skill, coolness, and bravery, but unfortunately was killed durmg the day. Another assault was afterwards attempted by the rebels on the rear of the woiks, and was again repulsed. The enemy brought field artillery into position on several points along the Jerusalem plank road. Cemetery Hill, and a barn to tlie left of the hill. Their mortar batteries also got the range of the crater and the shell fell with destructive precision among troops so closely packed together. Nevertheless General Hartranft reported that he had some of his troops in better shape, and thought they could hold the position if ammunition could be supplied. I had already brought ammunition up to within two hundred j'aids of the crater, and immediately sent in ten thousand rounds by men of the 51st Pennsyl- vania, part of whom were shot in the attempt. The enemy had now full sweep of the ground between the crater and our rifle pits, and at my request Colonel Guy Heiirj% commanding a brigade in the 18th corp&, and General Ferero, with detachments of colored troops, began three covered waj'S towards the crater, fi'om which also the men began to work from their side toward us. Affairs were in this condition when I was summoned, with the other division command- ers, to corps headquarters about 12:30 P. M. During my absence the work was evacu- ated under orders of the brigade commanders inside, sent to them from the major general connnandiiig. At the time of the evacuation the enemy made a third assault with a column of rein- forcements from General Hill's corps. This assault was virtually a repulse by the lire of our artillery, particularly by Roemer's 34th New York and Mayo's 3d Maine batteries, ami by the men reniainhig in the ciater, whom the order to withdraw did not reaeh. The rebel column, niarcliing down the hill over open ground, was so shattered by our tire that it broke to one side, and the other fell back, rallied, and linally swayed off to the left of the crater into their rifle pits, and advanced again under cover when most of our troops had lett the work. In this last affair this division lost some of its bravest men, who stayed lighting it out to tlie last. Eight legimeiits were engaged, two regiments held in reserve, and three, that failed through the cowardice of the 4Gtli New York volunteers to reach the rebel breastworks, were employed partly as provost guard and partly in niaiining our breastworks on the light and left of the crater to keep down the lire of the enemy from their pits duiing the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 477 evacuation of the rebel works. After dnik this divipion promptly relieved that part of the 18th corps that had occupied its front during the action. The losses of this division, amounting to 4li commissioned officers, 666 meu, oaly 258 of whom were missing, have already been reported. We captured about 100 rebel prisoners. I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient sei-^-ant, O. B. WILLCOX, Brig. General Vol's, Coinmunding. The 2(1 and 20th Michigan and 1st Micliigaii Sharpshooters wore iu Huniplirey's 2d brigade, iJd division, and the 8tli, 17th, and 27th Michigan were in the 1st brigade (Ilartranft's) of the same division. In Burnside's campaign in East Tennessee the Michigan troops were largely- represented, consisting of 2d 8th, 17th. 20Lh, 23d, and 27lh rcirimcntf! of infantry, together with 2d, 8lh, and 9th Cavalry, and Battery L, ]st regiment light artillery. Soon after the raising of the siege at Knoxville General Burnside issued an order which was read to each regiment of iiis army, and of which the following is an extract, the balance of the order including names of some officers of other States. Headquarters Army of the Ohio, \ General Orders, | Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 11, 18U3. \ No. 37. J In ordnr to designate more clearly the positions occupied by our troops during the recent siege, and in token of respect to the gallant officers who fell iu the defense of Knoxville, the several forts and batteries are named as follows: Battery Noble.— At Loop-holed house south of Kingston road, in memory of Adju- tant William Noble, 2d Michigan Volunteers, who fell in the charge upon the enemy's rifle pits in front of Fort Sanders on the morning of November 2-itli. Fort Byington. — At College Hill, alter Major Cornelius Byington, 2d Michigan Vol- unteers, who fell mortally wounded while leading the assault upon the enemy's rifle pits in front of Fort Sanders on the morning of Novenibei- 2ith. Battery Galpin. — East of Second creek, in memory of Lieutenant Galpin, 2d Michi- gan Volunteers, who fell in the assault upon the enemy's rifle pits in front of Fort Sanders on the morning of November 2-lth. Fort Comstock.— On Summit Hill, near the railroad depot, in memory of Lieutenant Colonel Comstock. 17th Michigan Volunteers, who fell in our lines during the siege. Battery Wiltsie. — West of Gay street, in memory of Captain Wiltsie, 20th Michigan Volunteers, who was mortally wounded in our lines during the siege. Fort Huntington Smith.— On Temperance Hill, in memory of Lieutenant ColoueJ Huntington Smith, 20th Michigan Volunteers, who fell at the battle of Campbell's Station. Battery Zoellner. — Between Fort Sanders and Second creek, in memory of Lieu- tenant Frank Zoellner, 2d Michigan Volunteers, who fell mortally wountleil in the assault upon the enemy's rifle pits, in front of Fort Sanders, on the morning of November 24ih. Battery Billingsley. — Between Gay street and First creek, in memory of Lieutenant J. Billint;sley. 17th Michigan lulantry, who fell in the action in front of Fort Sanders November 2uth. 1^ * * * *«*«« By command of MAJOR GENERAL BUENSIDE. Lewis Richmond, A. A. O. Headquarters District of Washington, / SPECiAii Orders, ) July 25th, IbUo. ] No. 57. ) Officers and Men of the 1st Division, 9th Army Corps: The time has come when we must all separate and go to our welcome homes. The ties of comradeship, the bloody brotherhood into which we have been baptized for our coun- try's sake, will survive the change. The story of the old division, various regiments ol ■which have left the bones of their dead to whiten battle-fields iu seven different States, ■will form a part of your individual life hereafter. 478 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. To the oflQcers and men of the division, my own thanks are due for their cheerful coop- eration with me in the performance of mutual duties, and for the gallantry, self-denial, devotion, and good conduct they have always shown in the service of their country when- ever acting under my command. Your achievements will brighten many a page of im- partial history. Let us cherish the associations of the past four years; let us keep alive the patriotic fires which have burned so brightly under cloud and sunshine. The Eed Shiehd of the division shines with full lustre and reflects a gloiy upon all who have fought under it. Your families and fellow citizens will welcome your return in peace and victoiy; you will carry about you in civil hfe a sense of your own worth, and self-respect will charac- terize those who have done so well and deserve so well by their country. Keep high the standard of your honor; preserve your honesty and integrity, and the worthy returned soldier will purify the atmosphere of home, State, and country, by his own simple and steadfast purity of character. "Wishing you every success and prosperity in life, your General bids you a sad but proud farewell. 0. B. WILLCOX, Brevet Major General U. 8. Volunteers. Offlcial: Eobebt A. Hutchins, A. A. Q. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. *' Ho! comrades! see the starry flag, broad waving at our head; Ho! comrades! mark the tender light on the dear emblems spreadl Our fathers' blood has hallowed it; 'tis part of their renown; And palsied be the catiff hand would pluck its glories down!" The 28th was formed by the consolidation of what had been originally intended for the 28th, rendezvoused at Marshall under the superintendence of the Hon. S. S. Lacey, of that place, as commandant of camp, and the 29th, rendezvoused at Kalamazoo, with the Hon. W. B, Williams, of Allegan, as commandant of camp, who completed the organization of the regiment. The companies were mustered into the U. S. Service at various dates during the months of September and October, 1864, its organization being completed by the muster on the 26th of October. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, William W. Wheeler, St. Joseph. Lieutenant Colonel, George T. Shaffer, Calvin. Major, Norris J. Frink, Marshall. Surgeon, Alonzo Garwood, Cassopolis. Assistant Surgeon, Joseph P. Cessna, Kalamo. Second Assistant Surgeon, George W. Green, Three Rivers. Adjutant, Hiiam E. Ellis, Saugatuck. Quartermaster, John B. Upton, Lawrence. The regiment was made up of company — A. Captain, Shubal F. White, Convis. First Lieutenant, George H. Granger, Tekonsha, €econd Lieutenant, George H. Penniman, Marshall. B. Captain, Benjamin Evans, Bellevue. First Lieutenant, Eli F. Evans, Veraon. Second Lieutenant, Mathew Holmes, Baltimore. C. Captain, David B. Purinton, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, George W. Bowker, Ooldwater. Second Lieutenant, Chauncy H. DeClute, Coldwater. D. Captain, Newton Haight, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Peter B. Kilmer, Napoleon, fiecond Lieutenant, Walter J. Lee, Parma. E. Captain, Samuel S. Thomas, Allegan. First Lieutenant, Harmon Ford, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, William Boles, Kalamazoo. F. Captain, George L. Montgomery, Lansing. First Lieutenant, Edward P. Girard, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, Sylvester E.. Holden, Jackson. G. Captain, Erl Beebe, Decatur. First Lieutenant, Edwin K. Farmer, Decatur. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Daniel Spicer, Lawton. H. Captain, Samuel Chadwick, Three Rivers. First Lieutenant, Hosea Burch, Three Rivers. Second Lieutenant, William Rogers, Camden. I. Captain, Albert A. Holcomb, Galesburg. First Lieutenant, Frank Plogart, Cold- water. Second Lieutenant, Harlow E. Maoarey, Coldwater. K. Captain, John E. Mclver, Kalamo. First Lieutenant, Jeremiah B. Hauey, Leightou. Second Lieutenant. William Duryee. Lee. On the 26th of October the 28th, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Deloa Phillips, then a captain in the 17th Infantry, wlio had been commissioned but not mustered, left its rendezvous at Kalamazoo with 886 officers and men on (479) 480 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. its rolls, for Nashville, Tenn., arriving at Louisville, Ky., on the 29th, and on November 10th it was ordered to Camp Nelson for the purpose of guarding a wagon train from that point to Nashville, where it arrived on the 5th of December, and was reported by Colonel Phillips to General Thomas for duty, when it was assigned to the brigade in command of General Miller, Who was then in command of the post at Nashville. Colonel Phillips having declined to muster, Major George T. Shafer assumed command. In the meantime Hood had commenced his advance northward, bringing the 28th into more active service. Colonel Wheeler, who had been commissioned from the 23d Infantry, assumed command on the 9th of December, and the regiment participated in the engagement at Nashville from the 12th to the 16th of that month, where it fully established a reputation as a gallant fighting regiment, and at once reached the uniform high standard of Michigan troops. After the battle of Nashville it was assigned to the 23d corps, and on Janu- ary 11th, 1865, the regiment embarked on the steamer Lawrence for Eastport, Mississippi, but on arriving at Paducah, Kentucky, received orders to proceed to Louisville, and there await further orders. On arriving at that point on January 18th, it was ordered to Annapolis, Maryland, and by a change of orders while en route proceeded to Alexandria, Virginia, arriving there on the 25th, when it was assigned to the 2d brigade, 1st division, 23d corps, and left that point February 19th on ocean transports; arriving at Morehead City, N. C, on the 24th, it took rail for Newbern, reaciiing there on the 2oth, and on the 2d of March moved with its division (Rugersj toward Kingston, and joined General Cox, constituting a part of the force concentrating in the vicinity of Wilmington, intending to cooperate with General Sherman's army on its approach to the coast. From the Red Book of Michigan : " Meeting the enemy at Wise Forks, the 28th, commanded by Colonel Wheeler, took an active part in the battJes of the 8th, 9th, and 10th, at that pohit. On the 8th the regiment was engaged in heavy skirmishing during the entire day and the night following. On the 9th the enemy pressed Cox's lines strongly, without making an assault, and at the same time attempted to turn his right, but tailed on account of a prompt reinforcement, of which the 28th formed a part. On the morning of the lOth the enemy made a fierce and determined charge upon the left, breaking the lines, but were repulsed. The brigade to which the 2bth belonged charged the rebels on the double quick, driving them back, and taking over 300 prisoners, among whom were several field officers. About 2 o'clock the same day they made a heavy and desperate onset on the left and center of General Cox, but most signally failed, the point having been strongly and promptly I'einl'orced from the right, The 28th, with its brigade, being among the lirst to arrive, fought the enemy most gallantly for about two hours, when they were most decisively repulsed, leaving their dead and wounded and a large number of prisoners, and during the night they fell back across the Neuse, burning the bridge in their rear. "In this spirited engagement the regiment lost Lieutenant Mathew Holmes and six men killed, and thirteen wounded." The Annual Cyclopedia for 1865 sav. " * * * On the 8th General Cox luid advanced to Wise's Forks, about one mile and a half below Southwest creek, behind which the force of the enemy, consisting of General Hoke's division and a small body of reserves had retired. Meanwhile General Cox sent two regiments under Colonel Upham, of the 15th Connecticut, to secure the crossing of the creek on the Dover road, but the enemy, having been reinforced by a por- tion of the old army of the Tennessee, recrossed the creek above the Dover road, and came down in the rear of Colonel Upham's position, and surprised and captured nearly his entire command — about 700 men. They then advanced and endeavored to penetrate between General Carter's and General Palmer's divisions, occupying the Dover road and i MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 481 the railroad respectively, but were checked by General Euger's division, which was just arriving on the field. "**•••••♦ Continuing the march the regiment reached Kingston on the 14th, and Goldsboro' on the 21st, when the brigade was placed on duty guarding the line of the Atlanta and North Carolina railroad. On the 9th of April it marched again to Goldsboro', and on the 13th it arrived at Raleigh, and after the cessa- tion of hostilities, was engaged on duty at Goldsboro', Raleigh, Charlotte, Lincolntowu, Wilmington, and Newberg, until June 6, 1866, when it was mustered out of service. Immediately following its muster out, the regiment, commanded by Colonel Shaffer, took up its route for Detroit, where it was paid off and disbanded. Lieutenant John E. Kenyon died February 2, 1866, of wounds received January 27th previous, while arresting murderers in Pitt county, N. 0. While in service it had met the enemy at Nashville, Tenn., December 12 to 16, 1864; Wise's Forks, N. C, March 8, 9, 10, 1865. The entire membership of the 28th had been 1,245, while its loss was 128, being 1 officer and 4 men killed in action, and 1 officer and 122 men died of disease. "Forget not our wounded companions, who stood In the day of distress by our side; "While the moss of the valley grew red with their blood. They stirred not, but conquered and died." 61 TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " To flght In ft Just eanse and for our country's freedom Ib the best office of the best men." In the orders authorizing the forming of the regiments raised during the year 1864, this regiment was designated as the 31st. The recruits which had been enlisted for the 30th having been absorbed in the 3d and 4th reorganized, and the 29th as originally known, consolidated with the 28th, the 3l8t was given the designation of the 29th. It was raised entirely in the Sixth Cou- gressiouai District, and organized at Saginaw, by Hon. John F. Driggs. The muster of the regiment was completed on the 3d of October, 1864, PIEIiD AND STAIT. Colonel, Thomas Saylor, Saginaw. Lieutenant Colonel, E. Frank Eddy, Flint. Major, Alpheus M. Beebe, Lansing. Surgeon, Titus Duncan, East Saginaw. Assistant Surgeon, Samuel S. Garrigues, Bay City. Second Assistant Surgeon, Elmore Palmer, Ann Arbor. Adjutant, Henry P. Seymour, Linden. Quartermaster, William A. Bryce, Bay City. Chaplain, John Hawker, Portsmouth. The companies comprising the regiment were: A. Captain, Alson Greenfield, Vassar. First Lieutenant, Edward P. Allen, Vassar. Second Lieutenant, Jefferson J. Wilder, Vassar. B. Captahi, WUliam L. Lewis, Bay City, First Lieutenant, Hiram Bunnell, Ports- mouth. Second Lieutenant, Charles Monroe, Bay City. C. Captain, Edwin Saunders, Saginaw City. First Lieutenant, Benjamin W. Merriok, Port Austin. Second Lieutenant, WiUiam H. Tuttle, Saginaw City. D. Captain, Charles G. Meyer, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, John A. Berger, Frankenmuth. Second Lieutenant, Frederick Van Vhet, Bloomfield. E. Captain, Andrew J. Patterson, Owosso. First Lieutenant, Sidney G. Main, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, William F. Close, Byron. F. Captain, George T. Swimm, St. Charles. First Lieutenant, Horace Blackmer, Bridgeport. Second Lieutenant, John Branch, Forest. G." Captain, Cornehus S. Eldridge, FUnt. First Lieutenant, Truman W. Hawley, East Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Charles S. Cummings, Flint. H. Captain, La Eue Schram, Burton. Fust Lieutenant, George A. Hill, Richfield. Second Lieutenant, George Reed, Forest. I. Captain, John H. Hackett, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, Guart V. S. Young, Perry. Second Lieutenant, James McCallum, Hancock. K. Captain, Waldo W. Pain, Marquette. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, Robert H. McQuaid, Belleville. The 29th broke camp on the 6th of October, 1864, for Nashville, Tenn., in command of Colonel Saylor, who had been commissioned from the 3d cav- alry, with a strength on its rolls of 856 officers and men, reaching Decatur, Ala., on the 26th. The rebel army under Hood attacked that place on the (482) MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 483 same day, and the 29th aided in its defense until the 30th, when the enemy retired. From the Red Book of Michigan : " When the rebel General Hood was on his northern campaign in 1864, for the purpose of overrunning Tennessee, getting possession of Nashville and Louisville, and threatening the cities on the Ohio river, the 29th Michigan (recruited and rendezvoused under the supervision of Hon. John F. Driggs, M. C.) under command of Colonel Thomas M. Saylor, was stationed at Nashville; and on the advance of Hood upon Decatur, Ala., it was sent forward to that point, arriving there on the 2Gth, just in time to march from the cars to its position in line to meet the advance of Hood's forces then attacking that place. Colonel Charles C. Doolittle, of the 18th Micliigan, was in command of the post of Decatur, and for some days previous to the 26th had been watching the movements of Hood's army, as well as those of Forrest and Roddey, and had scouted the surrounding country as thor- oughly as possible. On the morning of the 26th he sent out several detachments on the Somerville and Courtland roads, one of which met a pretty strong force about three miles out on the Somerville road, and was obliged to retire. Not expecting the advance of Hood's army for a day or two at least, Colonel Doolittle was of the opinion that it might be a scouting party of Roddey 's command; but, at half past one o'clock P. M., of the same day, his videttes reported the enemy advancing on the place. He immediately made preparations for action, and rode to the advance post on the Somerville road, and on seeing the enemy's column forming into line with skirmishers out, he ordered the 2d Tennessee cavalry to hold the enemy in check, and then hurried back to headquarters, and made the necessary disposition of his force to meet the coming attack. "Battery A, 1st Tennessee light artilleiy, supported by the reser\'e picket of the 18th Michigan that had been ordered up, soon got into position in a small redoubt commundiug the Somerville road and vicinity, and at once opened fire on the enemy's line of battle. The 10th Indiana cavalry had also been ordered up and was engaged at various points looking after and checking the advance of the enemy. Finding that he could hold the rebels in check. Colonel Doolittle, about twenty minutes after the aitUlery opened fire, ordered the right wing of the 29th Michigan, which had just arrived by rail from Nash- ville and been placed behind the breastworks on the left flank, to move to the front and occupy the line of rifle-pits on the left of the redoubt. This they accomplished in the most gallant style under a hot fire from the enemy's artillery and musketiy, which they withstood with firmness. Soon after the other wing of the regiment was ordered out, and one hundred of the men in command of the Major were sent to what was known as Fort No. i. Battery 1, 1st Ohio light artillery, had been ordered forward and opened on the enemy, the fight continuing till dark, the rebels being unable to gain any advance, not- withstanding he made several attempts to charge the line. Colonel Doolittle then with- drew the advance force inside the main works, leaving one hundred men of the 29th Michigan to strengthen the picket line and hold the line of the rifle-pits. In the engage- ment of this day the pickets on the Union line, from the redoubt to the river on the right, remained in their position, and when night came, the picket line was intact. It was ascertained that the attack was made by Walthal's division, 5,000 strong, of Stewart's corps. Hood's army, and was fought by Colonel DooUttle with less than 500 men and a small amount of artillery. During the night of the 26th the Union forces were receiving reinforcements, and on the 27th nothing more important occurred than the driving back of the enemy's skirmishers on the front and right flank. On the 28th, about 3 A. M., the enemy drove in a portion of the pickets on the right and established themselves in gopher holes within four hundred yards of the works. An attempt was made early in the morning to dislodge them and re-establish the line, but the enemy were too well protected to be moved. Some time afterwards they were surprised by Captain W. C. Moore, 18th Michi- gan, with about fifty men from that regiment and a few clerks and orderlies from district headquarters, who made a most daring and dashing attack on them, driving them from their holes like scared rats, and taking 115 prisoners. During the day the battle became general; the Union troops, having been reinforced and numbering about 5,000, had made a most determined defense, and early on the morning of the 2yth it was ascertained that the enemy's forces had all been withdrawn except a strong rear guard, and at about 4 P. M. he was driven out of his last line of rifle-pits. " The noble and successful defense of Decatur by Colonel Doolittle, against such enor- mous odds, was one of the most gallant and remarkable of the war, and its importance, in view of its effect upon the great battle of Nashville, wlxich soon followed, was second to no minor engagement during the rebeUion. " The exemplary conduct, vigorous and splendid fighting of Colonel Saylor's regiment and his officers, although less than a mouth in the field, could scarcely have been uxceiied by long tried veterans. " 484 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. From the Adjutant General's report: *• On the 31st of October, 1864, this regiment was stationed at Decatur, Ala., garrison- ing that place until November 24th, when it marched to Murfreesboro, Tenn. Arriving' there on the 27th it composed a part of the force at that point during the siege of Nash- ville and Murfreesboro by the enemy under Hood, and was engaged with the enemy on the 7th of December at Overall Creek. On the 13th it was sent out as the escort of a railroad train to procure fuel, when it was attacked by a superior force of infantry and artillery near Winchester church, when a severe battle ensued in which the enemy was repulsed with loss, the regiment losing seventeen killed, wounded, and missing. The enemy having taken up the track, the regiment succeeded in relaying it under fire and saving the train, bringing it into Murfreesboro by hand after the engine had been dis- abled by a shell. On the loth and 16th, while guarding a forage train at Alexandria near Murfreesboro, it became engaged with two brigades of the enemy's cavalry on the Shel- byvUle pike with slight loss, and was also engaged at Nolansville on the 17th. In the affair on the 15th Lieutenant Frederick Van Vliet was killed. On the 27th it was moved by rail to Anderson and was assigned to duty guarding the Nashville & Chattanooga rail- road. Remaining there until July, 1865, it moved to Dechard and thence to Murfrees- boro, arriving there on the 19th." At Murfreesboro the regiment was employed on garrison duty until Septem- ber 6th following, when it was mustered out of service, and on the 8th, com- manded by Colonel Saylor, left for Michigan, arriving on the 13th at Detroit, where it was paid off and discharged. The engagements of the regiment with the enemy were at Decatur, Ala., October 26, 27, 28, 1864; Overall Creek, Tenn., December 7, 1864; Winsted Church, Tenn., December 13, 1864; Shelbyville Pike, Tenn., December 15, 16, 1864; Nolansville, Tenn., December 17, 1864. The 29th had borne on its rolls 1,470 officers and men, its losses being 71^ of which 1 officer and 1 man were killed in action, 4 men died of wounds^ and 1 officer and 64 men of disease. " The last sad hour of freedom's dream. And valor's task, moved slowly by, While mute they watched, till morning's beam Should rise and give them light to die." THIRTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY. " Once more your flowing folds we greet, Triumphant over all defeat; Henceforth in every clime to be Unfading Scarf of Libertj-, The Ensign of the Brave and Free." Continued threatenings of raids by rebel refugees in Canada, together with an outsi)okeu, unnatural sympathy existing among the people on the Canadian border in their behalf, produced at times much uneasiness as to the safety of cities along the American lines. The subject was referred to General Hooker, then in command of the military department, with headquarters at Detroit, which led to the following correspondence : (Telegram.) Detroit, Michigan, ) November 3d, 1864. ) Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War: Unless j'ou can suggest some better mode of raising a regiment for service on the line from foot of Lalie Huron to Maiden, I recomuiend that authority be given the Governor of Michiiran to raise a volunteer regiment for twelve months, unless sooner discharfjred. This additional force is absolutely necessary, and should be organized before Detroit river is frozen over. The Adjutant General of the State informs me that the regiment can be raised at once, and that arms, appointments, and clothing are now on hand for it. No lesser force can render the frontier of Michigan secure from the incursions of the disaffected in Canada. Please answer as soon as convenient. JOSEPH HOOKER, Major General Commanding. Detroit, Michigan, ) November 4th, 1S64. ) To His Excellency, the Governor of Michigan: Governor, — In consideration of the number of outlaws and sympathizers in Canada, and the exposed condition of the frontier, and the very limited immber of troops to guard it, I deemed it prudent to call on the Secretary of War to give you aulliority to raise a regiment of volunteers for twelve months, unless sooner discharged, for service in the State, intending to post them along Detroit river at such points as their services were most needed. In Older that you may be fully advised in regard to the matter, I enclose herewith a copy of my telegram, and also of the reply from the SecreUiry of War. I deemed it very important to the interests of your State that the regiment sliould be raised and equipped ready for service before the river is frozen over, ami liave no doubt you will coincide with me in this opinion, and will do all in your power to hasten the formation of the regiment. It is expected tliat the regiment will be raised and mustered into service In conformity with the laws now in force on the subject. I need not tell you that I am deeply anxious to have it ollicered by experienced and capable officers, as I hope to be able to make it a (485) 486 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. regiment which will reflect credit on your gallant State and be of great service to it in time of need. Its honor and material interest will, in a great measure, be entrusted to- their care. In view of the election, I have thought proper to order 200 drafted men here from Jack- son, and shaU send the little steamer in the government employ, with a sm&ll detach- ment of men, up the river to-morrow as far as Port Huron, the men to go ashore and remain there until the polls are closed. These dispositions, I trust, will prevent any irreg- ularity at the polls at the points at which it is apprehended. I regret that I have no time to visit you in Jackson. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH HOOKER, Major General Commanding. (Telegram.) Washington, 11.05 A. M., } November 4th, 1S64. ) Major General Hooker: The adjutant general has been directed to Issue authority to the governor of Michigan to raise a regiment of twelve months volunteers, as recommended in your telegram of yesterday. E. M. STANTON, Official: Wm. H. Lawrbnoe, Major and A. D. C. Secretary of War. (Telegram.) War Depaetment, ) Pbovost Makshaij General's Office, >• Washington, D. C, November 4th, 1S64. ) Governor of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan: You are hereby authorized by the Secretary of War to raise a regiment of volunteer infantry for twelve months' service, unless sooner discharged. The recruitment, organization, and musters must conform with existing regulations. So soon as the regiment or any part of it is organized, it will be reported to Major Gen- eral Hooker, or the department commander, for duty under him until further orders. Bounties will be paid imder circular number twenty-seven from this office. J. B. FRY, Provost Marshal General. Copy by mail respectfully furnished. Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant General. Under this authority the 30th Regiment was raised, being muctered intc the Uuited States service January 9th, 1865, having on its rolls 1,001 officers and men. FIELD ASD STAFF. Colonel, Grover S. Wormer, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, John D. Sumner, Charles- town. Major, Samuel E. Graves, Adrian. Surgeon, John WiUett, FUnt. Assistant Sur- geon, Theron T. Hubbard, Saginaw. Second Assistant Surgeon, Owen Ellison, Jr., Jack- son. Adjutant, Jerome W. Turner, Corunna. Quartermaster, William W. Wado, Joues- vUle. Chaplain, Lyman H. Dean, Morenci. The companies of the regiment were : A. Captain, William S. Atwood, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Henry G. Wormer, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Elbert H. Pennell, Superior. B. Captain, WilUam Belles, Chesterfield. First Lieutenant, Charles C. Lamb, Mt. Clemens Second Lieutenant, Barlow Davis, Pittsfield. C. Captain, John M. Farland, Detroit. First Lieutenant, George W. Finley, Oshtemo, Second Lieutenant, William J. Clarke, Norlhville. D. Captain, David D. Marshall, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, Simeon M. Babcock, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Willis C. Humpiirey, Saline. E. Captain, John Pigney, Eagle River. First Lieutenant, William H. Smith, Farming- ton. Second Lieutenant, William A. Atchinson, Farmington. F. Captain, James T. Morgan, Muskegon, First Lieutenant, George Fowler, Fowler- vUle. Second Lieutenant, Albert D. Benjamin, Fowlerville. G. Captain, George A. Douglass, Hillsdale. First Lieutenant, William C. Campbell^ Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, John A. Forbes, Hillsdale. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 487 H. Captain, Henry T. Klmmel, Nlles. First Lieutenant, Ansel J. Kane, Richland. Second Lieutenant, John N. Ferris, Kalanaazoo. I. Captain, William E. Christian, Flint. First Lieutenant, George H. Brooks, Orange- ville. Second Lieutenant, Henry M. Mason, Flint. K. Captain, Fayette Smith, Bridgeport. First Lieutenant, Laael 0. Brewer, Owoaeo. Second Lieutenant, John H. Barnes, Portland. This regiment was well ofiBcered by men who had all seen more or less ser- vice at the front, and also included a proporliou of enlisted men who had likewise been in service. Its recruitment was under the direction of Colonel G. S. Wormer, with ren- dezvous at Jackson, which was afterwards changed to Detroit, where the organization was completed January 9th, 1865. The companies were stationed at different points along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers and in other parts of the State, as follows : A and B at Fort Gratiot, D at St. Clair, E at Wyan- dotte, K at Jackson, H at Fenton, G in Detroit, and C, F, and I at Detroit barracks. The regimental headquarters were for some time at Jackson, then at Detroit, and on January 24th were removed to Fort Gratiot. The regi- ment continued on duty at those points until June 80th following, when it was mustered out of service. • The 30th had 1,001 officers and men on its rolls, and lost 1 officer and 17 men of disease. " Far dearer the grave or the prison, Illumed by one patriot name, Than the trophies of all, who have risen On liberty's ruins to fame.* REGIMENT COLORED INFANTRY. (lO^D U. S.) " God of battles! let Thy might Protect our armies in the fight — Till they shall win the victory, And set the hapless bondman free." War Depaetment, ) Washington, July 24th, 1863, ) GovEBNOR, — H. Bams, Esq., of Detroit, has applied to this department for authority to raise a regiment of colored troops in your State. The department is very anxious that such regiments should be raised, and authorizes you to raise them by volunteering under the regulations of the department, a copy of which is submitted to you by the chief of the bureau, and it would be gratifying if you should give such authority to Mr. Barns. It seems to me that there has been some misunderstanding upon this subject, and I am informed that you were under the impression that the department would not authorize it. Until suitable arrangements could be made for the organization of a bureau, it was not deemed advisable to raise such troops, but the organization of colored troops is now a distinct bureau in the department, and as fully recognized as any other branch of the military service, and every encouragement is given by the department to the raising of such troops. Yours truly, EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War. His Excellency, Austin Bijaib, Governor of Michigan, Jackson, War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D. C, July 2oth, 1863 i His Excellency, Austin Blair, Oovernor of Michigan, Jackson, Mich.: Sir, — I am instructed by the Secretary of War to inform you that you are hereby authorized to raise one regiment of infantry to be composed of colored men, to be mus- tered into the United States service for three years, or during the war. To these troops no bounties will be paid. They wiU receive ten dollars per month and one ration per day, three dollars of which monthly pay may be in clothing. The organization of the regiment must conform in all respects with the requirements of General Orders No. 110, War Department, 1863, a copy of which is herewith enclosed. The prescribed number of commissioned officers will be appouited in accordance with the provisions of General Orders Nos. 143 and 144, War Department, current series, copies of which please find enclosed. The officers thus appointed wiU be mustered into service on the presentation to the mustering officer of their appointments, signed by the Secretary of War. The appointments wiU be made to keep pace with the muster into service of the several companies. Thus, on information being received from you that the first company has been mustered into service, the necessary appointments for that com- pany will be made. When four companies have been mustered in the lieutenant colonel of the regiment will be appointed, and so on in accordance with the "Revised Mustering Eegulations," (488) :CHIOAN, ) !3. J MICHIGAN IN THE \VAR. 489 To facilitate the appointment of the officers, it is respectfully suggested that it would be well to forward to the Adjutant General of the army, as early as practicable, the names of such persons as you wish to have examined for appointment, and permission will be Immediately given them to appear before the examining board now in session in Cincin- nati, or the board in session in Washington, if more convenient for the parties. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. W. FOSTER, Assistant Adjutant General. MlLITABT DePAKTMENT, MiCHIOAN, Adjutant GENEKAii's Office, Detroit, Aug. 12, 1863. Henry Barnes, Esq., Detroit: SiK, — The Governor of this State has been requested by the Secretary of War, in a letter under date of the 24th ultimo, to give you authority to raise a regiment of colored troops in this State. I am instructed by the Governor to inform you that you are fully authorized and empowered to raise and organize such a regiment, under the instructions from the War Department which are herewith enclosed, and under such restrictions as the Governor may deem proper to enjoin on you. Very respectfully, your obed't serv't, JNO. KOBERTSON, Adjutant deneral. Under this anthority Michigan raised the colored regiment originally known as the 1st Michigan Colored Infantry, but afterwards its designation was changed by order of the War Department to the 10:^d Regiment United States Colored Troops. The recruitment of the regiment was commenced August 12, 1863, under the direction of Colonel Barns, in pursuance of the orders of that date, and on completion was mustered into the service of the United States February 17th following, 895 strong, the officers receiving their commissions from the War Department. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Henry Barns, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, WilHara T. Bennett, Charleston, S. C. Major, Newcom Clark, Clarkston, Surgeon, Wesley Vincent, Oberlin, Oiiio. Assistant Surgeon, Edward P. Jennings, . Adjutant, James A. McKnight. Ann Arbor. ^Quartermaster, Patrick McLaughlin, Detroit. Chaplain, Svilliam Waring, Oberlin, Ohio. The companies were as follows: A. Captain, Chester J. Murray, Marshall, First Lieutenant, Orson W. Bennett, Charlestown, S. C. Second Lieutenant, George A. Southworth, Bath. B. Captain, David C. Benjamin, Columbus, Ohio. First Lieutenant, Henry D. Benham, . Second Lieutenant, Peter E. Mead, Ypsilanti. 0. Captain, Jonathan B. Tultle, Alpena. First Lieutenant, Edward Cahiil, St. Johns. Second Lieutenant, Charles L. Burrell, Leighton. D. Captain, Arad E. Lindsay, . First Lieutenant, Abner Van Dyke, Mai-shall. Second Lieutenant, Wm. E. Sleight, Bath. E. Captain, Edward J. McKendrio, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Amos Andrews, New York City, N. Y. Second Lieutenant, Oscar A. Davis, Savannah, Ga. F. Captain, James F. Bradley, Chicago, 111. Fii'st Lieutenant, Samuel B. Curtiss, Howell. Second Lieutenant, Caleb Grilliih, Lowell. G. Captain, , . First Lieutenant, Edward S. Jewett, Niles. Second Lieutenant, James H. Gilbert, . H. Captain, Thomas M. Barker. Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Emory D. Bryant, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Voluey Powers, Hillsdale. 1. Captain, Wilber Nelson, Arcada. First Lieutenant, Oilman T. Holmes, Gaiues. Second Lieutenant, Edward Dubendorf, Coldwater. K, Captain, Calvin S. Montague, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, George W. Stoneburner, Grand Rapids. " Our hearts are aflame as our good swords we bare — For Freedom! for Freedom! echoes the air, » The bugle rings clearly, our banners float liigh; On, comrades, all forward! we'll triumph or diel " 62 490 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The regiment left its rendezvous at Detroit, on the 28th of March, 1864, ia command of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett, and joined the 9fch army corps at Annapolis, Md., and remained at that place until the 15th of April, when it was detached from that corps and embarked on transports for Hilton Head, S. C, arriving there on the 19th of that month. Colonel Barns having resigned, Captain Henry L. Chipman, U. S. Army, was commissioned as colonel, assuming command on the 15th of April. Detachments of the regiment were employed on picket duty on St. Helena and Jenkins Islands, and at Seabrook and Spanish Wells, on Hilton Head Island for a month. It was then ordered to garrison the fortifications at Port Royal. It also assisted in erecting here a second line of fortifications. Ou the 15th of June the regiment moved to Beaufort, on Port Royal Island. It was here employed in camp and fatigue duty, as provost guard, and a portion of the time as garrison, until the 1st of August. Embarking at this date, the regiment proceeded to Jacksonville, Florida, where it arrived on the 3d. On the following day it marched to Baldwin, a railroad junction, 21 miles from Jacksonville, where it was engaged on picket duty and in destroying rail- road track. On the 11th of the month it was suddenly attacked by a force of rebel cavalry, which it easily repulsed and scattered, and by its splendid con- duct on that occasion fully convinced its oflBcers of the reliable and gallant fighting qualities of their men. Leaving Baldwin on the 15th, the regiment participated in an expedition through the eastern part of Florida, making a circuit of nearly one hundred miles in five days, and reached the St. Johns river at Magnolia, thirty-five miles above Jacksonville. It remained at Magnolia ten days, and during this time built a fort and performed other fatigue duty. Re-embarking for Beau- fort, S. C, the regiment reached there on the morning of the 31st. On the 1st of September it was again sent to the front on picket duty, in which it was engaged, at different points on Coosa, Lady's and Port Royal Islands. The rebels made an attempt, early in October, to land and surprise, under cover of night, the detachment of the regiment on duty at Lady's Island, but were dis- covered, and after a brisk skirmish, driven off. The headquarters of this regiment on November 1st, 1864, were at Beaufort, S. C, and the several companies thereof were doing picket duty on the out- ]iosts of Port Royal, Lady's, and Coosa Islands during that month and Decem- ber. On the 30th of November a detachment of the regiment, consisting of twelve officers and three hundred men left Beaufort and joined General Fos- ter's cooperating column at Boyd's Landing, and was engaged with the enemy at Honey Hill, S. C, on November 30th following, at Tillifinny December 7th, and at Devaux Neck on the 9th by a detachment of the regiment consisting of twelve officers and three hundred men, that had been sent from Beaufort to join the forces of General Foster. This detachment was commanded by Cap- tain Montague, Colonel Chipman being in command of a brigade. At the points named the officers and men referred to, most gallantly engaged a supe- }ior force of the enemy, sustaining an aggregate loss in these affairs of sixty- five in killed and wounded; Captain A. E. Lindsay being among the killed and Lieutenant II. H. Alvord among the severely wounded. A correspondent wrote as follows: " While reflecting upon some reports which have just reached me from the front, where we have a detail of 3UU men from our regiment, under command of Colonel Chipmau, I reverted back to the time of the organization of the 102d. During that time It was almost a by-word, and those connected with it subjects of derision. But now its praises are on. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 491 every one's lips, and here, at least, it is an honor to belong to what was once known aa the 1st Michigan Colored Ree:iment. " You have already heard, no doubt, that another expedition has been set on foot in this department, the object of which is to interrupt the Savannah and Charleston railroad, and, if possible, destroy it altogether. Thf expedition numbered, all told, about 0,000 men, mostly colored troops. It landed at first on what is called Boyd's Bluff, a neck of land nearly opposite to Port Royal Ferry. Our forces advanced along this neck of hind for several miles in the direction of Gorhamsville, which is a station on the above men- tioned road. There had been skirmishinj? for most of the way, but hero they met the enemy in force and here a sanguinary battle was fought, which was the first real fight in which our regiment was ever engaged. On one side of our little detail of 300 men the 54th Massachusetts (colored) was drawn up, on the other a white regiment, the 127th New York. Here our forces sustained a charge from the enemy, and charged in turn. In thiti affair the 102d covered themselves with glory. It is acknowledged without stint on all hands that our regiment maintained the steadiest line of battle and fought with the great- est determination of any troops on the ground. Many who were wounded quite severely refused to go to the rear, but kept on fighting, while the blood was flowing from their wounds. But the enemy's position was found too strong to be taken, and our forces were withdrawn. The enemy's fire having been very severe upon our artillor)', and so many horses having been killed, they were obliged to abandon two pieces of artillery on the field, and while all were falling back, and after the retreat had been sounded, two compa- nies of the 102d hauled ofi' the two pieces of artillery by hand. For several days lighting and skirmishing were kept up quite briskly near the same place, during which time the l(i2d not only maintained their credit, but were constantly gathering new laurels. The white regiment which fought next to ours held our men in the highest estimation, and expressed their preference to fight beside our regiment rather than any other regiment in the department. " The attempt to reach the railroad by this route was finally abandoned, and the troops were taken to a point near Pocatallago Bridge, and landed on a strip of land called Bull's Neck. Here again they had several skirmishes and one severe fight, where the 102d fought as well as any troops ever fought, no other Michigan regiment excepted. There were men in my company who were shot through and through the fleshy part of the arm who have not gone to the hospital, but after having their wounds dressed have come to their company quarters, remained there, and seemed scarcely to notice their wounds. If such a thing had occurred in the regiment I formerl)' belonged to, such a wound would have been good for a three-months' stay in some hospital at Philadelphia or Baltimore. There are others who are wounded in the neck and side, but still have the full use of their limbs, who would go back to the field at once if they were permitted to do so. The same is true of men of every company of the regiment. Now such bravery I never saw before. I have known men to fight as weU and bravely as men ever fought, but never before have I known men to fight on after being severely wounded, and anxious to return to the field as soon as their wounds were dressed. After having been three and a half years in the field and pai ticipated in sixteen different engagements, I never before saw men exhibit such unyielding bravery in battle. " Colonel Chipman has also gained great credit on account of the exploits of his little band, and in consequence thereof has, as I understand, been recommended for a Briga- diership. " On January 19th, 1805, the several companies doing duty at the outposts referred to returned to Beaufort, and on the 21st the regiment left that point for Devaux Neck, where the detacliment which liad been with (jeneral Foster's column rejoined it on the 24th, and on the 28th the regiment started for Pocotalligo, reaching there the same day, where it remained until Fehruary ?ih, when it crossed the Salkehatchie river and marched live miles along tlio line of the Cliarieston and Savannah railroad in the direction of Charleston, where it established a strong picket, and throwing up breastworks encamped for the night, and on the Sth Companies B, E, and 1, iu command of Major Clark, made a reconnoissance to the right and front and near to Cuckwold Creek, where the enemy's cavalry picket was met and attacked, whicli after a short skirmish withdrew behind the rebel works. The regiment having destroyed the railroad and built breastworks near Cuckjvold Creek remained there until the 14th, when it marched to the Ashepoo river and built a bridge 492 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. across that stream, and on the 20th proceeding towards Charleston, reached the Ashley river on the 23d, which it crossed on the 27th and marched to the defenses on Charleston Neck, where it remained until March 9th, and was then ordered to take transports for Savannah, Ga., the right wing arriying at that point on the 11th and the left wing on the 16th. The regiment remained at Savannah engaged on picket and fatigue duty until the 28th, when on receipt of orders, it embarked on transports for Georgetown, S. C, arriving there April 1st. On the 7th, the right wing, in command of Colonel Chipman, was ordered on board transports for Charleston, and reaching there on the 9th encamped on Charleston Neck. From the 11th to the 18th the right wing, in command of Colonel Chipman, was engaged on a most hazardous and daring expedition from Charleston, S. C., to join General Potter on the Santee river, striking it at Nelson's Ferry, distant about seventy miles. The march was made through the country held by the enemy, the command subjected to great danger of attack from superior force, and of being cutoff from all reinforcements and overwhelmed, enduring much hardship and fatigue, and meeting a large body of the enemy's cavalry, which, after a brisk and vigorous fight, were driven off. Encountering the rebels again on the 18th, while on the march in the direction of Camden, a skirmish ensued. On the 19th the command succeeded in rejoining the left wing. The left wing had marched from Georgetown on the 5th, commanded by Major Clark, with an expedition under command of General Potter. After much hard marching and considerable skirmishing with the enemy on the 8th, 15th, and 17th, and on the 18th near Manchester, met the enemy in force at Boykius, when, with the 54tli Massachusetts colored infantry, it flanked the rebels, attacking them with much spirit and gallantry, driving them in great disorder in the direction of Statesburg. Next day the two wings again united, and under command of Colonel Chipman came up with the enemy near Singleton's plantation, when a successful flank moyement was made by the regiment, which resulted, after a most gallant brush, in forcing him to abandon a strong position and in routing him most thoroughly. The regiment being encamped on the 20th ana 21st, having Companies A, B, and C (under command of Major Clark) on the picket line, on the morn- ing of the 21st, Company A was attacked by two hundred of the enemy, whom it handsomely repulsed. At 12 M., on the 21st, the enemy sent in a flag of truce, with dispatches from General Beauregard stating that Generals Sherman and Johnston had ceased hostilities, when the column marched back to Georgetown, arriving there on the 25th. On the 29th the regiment received orders to proceed to Charleston, and next day embarked on transports, arriving at that point the same day, ami went into camp on Charleston Neck, where it remamed until May 7Lii, and then broke camp and marched for Summerville, and reaching there on the 8th, encamped until the 18th, then proceeded by rail to Branchville, and thence on the 25th to Orangeburg, where it was engaged on provost guard and fatigue duty until July 28th, when it marched for Winnsboro, arriving there on the yd of August, and during the remainder of that month was engaged on the same duties as at Orangeburg. Some time in the month following the reyimout returned to Charleston, where it was mustered out of service September 3ut,h, and proceeded to Michigan, arriving on October 17th at Detroit, where it was paid off and disbandfid. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 493 It was in engagements during its term of service at Baldwin, Fla., August 8, 1864; Honey Hill, S. U., November 30, 1SG4; Tullifinny, S. C, December 7, 1864; Devaux Neck, S. C, December 9, I8(i4; Cuckwold's Creek Bridge, February 8, 1865; Sumterville, S. C, April 8, 1865; Spring Hill, S. C.,' April 15, 1865; Swift Creek, S. C, April 17, 1SG5; Boykiu's, S. C, April 18, 1865; Singleton's Plantation, S. C, April 19, 1865. This regiment had borne on the rolls 1,446 officers and men and lost 140, of which 2 officers and 4 men were killed in action, 5 men died of wounds, and 1 officer and 128 men died of disease. •• We rose and rushed unto her aid, White faces sank into the grave, Black faces, too, and all were brave. Their red blood thrilled Columbia's heart; It could not tell the two apart." ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS. *' stand by the Flag! all doubt and treason scorning; Believe, with courage firm and faith subiiiue, That it will float until the eternal morning Pales in its glories, all the hghts of time!" The organization of the Michigan Engineers was especially authorized by the War Department, and to be composed principally of engineers and mechanics. The authority to raise it, with the sanction of the Governor of the State, was given to General William P. Innes, of Grand Rapids, a practical civil engineer, who was appointed colonel, and vested with full power to designate his officers, to be commissioned by the Governor. The recruitment of the regiment commenced in August, 1861, which pro- gressed rapidly, and by the end of October following was reported ready for muster, which was accomplished on the 11th of December by Captain H. R. Mizner, U. S. army, the muster to take effect from tlie 29th of October. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, William P. Innes, Grand Rapids. Lieutenant Colonel, Kinsman A. Hunton, Marshall. Major, Enos Hopkins, Jaclison. Surgeon, "Wilham H. De Camp, Grand Eapids. Assistant Surgeon, WiUoughby O'Donougliue, Albion. Adjutant, Clement F. Miller, Kalamazoo. Quartermaster, Ilobert S. Innes, Grand Eapids. Chaplain, David B. Tracy, Petersburg. A. Captain, John B. Yates, Ionia. First Lieutenant, Frederick W. Huxford, Albion. Second Lieutenant, Horace C. Gilson, Albion. B. Captain, Baker Borden, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, John W. "WiUiamson, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, John W. McCrath, Grand Eapids. C. Captain, "Wright L. Coffinberry, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, James D. Eobin- son. Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Edwin Baxter, Grand Eapids. D. Captain, Pen-in V. Fox, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, Joseph C. Herkner, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, William T. Hess, Grand Eapids. E. Captain, Silas Canfield, Ionia. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, Albert B. Culver, Ionia. F. Captain, James W. Sligh, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, Albert H. Kimball, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, , . G. Captain, Garrett Hanniuf^s, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, EUas H. Broadwell, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, Franklin Fisk, Kalamazoo. H. Captain, Marcus Grant, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Edson S. Frary, Petersburg. Second Lieutenant, , . I. Captain, Heman Palmerlee, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, Theodore H. Prall, Poiitiac. K. Captain, limery O. Crittenden, Mnrsliall. First Lieutenant, Lorenzo D. Mason, Boston. Second Lieutenant, Arthur Conneil>', Grand Eapids. L. Captain, , . First Lieutenant, EUas H. Broadwell, Kalamazoo (by transfer). Second Lieutenant, , . (494) MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 495 M. Captain, Edson P. Clifford, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Daniel M. Moore, Rome. Second Lieutenant, Douglas Nelson, Isabella City. Second Lieutenant, Caleb A. Ensign, Jonesviile. Soon after the muster, and at a review of the regiment by Governor Blair and staff, at the camp near Marshall, the regiment was presented by Colonel Innes with a silk flag in a very eloquent speech by the Hon. F. \V. Sherman of that city, which was ably responded to in a very Gttiiig manner, by Lieuten- ant Colonel K. A. Hunton, in the absence of the Colonel. The regiment in command of Colonel Innes left Marshall, the place of ren- dezvous, with an aggregate strength of 1,032 on December 17th following, under orders to report to General Buell, commanding the Department of the Ohio at Louisville, Ky., and on reporting, the regiment was assigned to duty ia four detachments. One in command of the Colonel to report to General McCook, commanding division at Munfordsville, Ky., consisting of non-commissioned staff and com- panies B, E, and I. One of three companies in command of Lieutenant Colonel Hunton, to report to General Thomas, commanding 1st division army of the Ohio, at Lebanon, Ky., comprising companies D, F, and G. A third under Major Hopkins, to report to General Nelson, commanding third division, at New Haven, Ky., with companies C and H. While the other in command of Captain Juo. B. Yates was directed to report to General Mitchell, commanding fourth division at Bacon Creek, Ky., "with companies A and K. During the month of January, 1862, these detachments were engaged on various duties. That under General Mitchell comprised the first Union troops to enter Bowling Green immediately following its evacuation by the confeder- ates, while that with General Thomas was in the battle of Mill Springs, Ky., January 19th. On February 14th, the headquarters with companies B, E, and I, left Mun- fordsville, marching in the direction of West Point, but on the following day the order -was countermanded and the line of march taken up for Bowling Green, and on February 28th marched for Nashville, where the whole regi- ment was concentrated, and was engaged during March in building railroad bridges at Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, and at other points, while iu the meantime the headquarters were at Nashville. On April 3d, Colonel Innes, with his field and staff and companies B, C, E, I, and H, left Nashville, and at Columbia companies D, F, and G, joined the regiment when it commenced the march, with Buell's army of the Oliio, for the field of Shiloh, Mississippi, reaching there on the 15th. On this march tiiey built several road bridges, and the rapidity with wiiich tiie work was accom- plished enabled General Buell to reach the field of Shiloh in time to rescue the army of General Grant from destruction, and out of a disastrous defeat bring- ing a complete victory. On taking leave of the Army of the Ohio, General Buell made personal men- tion of Colonel Innes, Lieutenant Colonel Hunton, and Major Hopkins, com- plimenting them highly, and giving to the regiment great credit. They were the only field officers of whom he made personal mention, and the regiment was the only one which he mentioned specially. In the meantime companies A and K, in command of Major Yates, liad marched from Nashville, with General Mitchell's division, by way of Murfreesboro to Huutsville, Alabama, and were 496 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. employed during May in running trains on the Memphis and Charleston and Nashville and Decatur railroals. The other eight companies were occupied during the month in moving, with the army, from Shiloh, to the front at Corinth, being employed in the mean- time in building corduroy roads and placing siege guns in position. On the 1st of June these companies started from Corinth, marching toward Decatur, Alabama, on the line of the Mississippi and Charleston railroad, mak- ing repairs as they advanced, building bridges and trestles at various points, and during the month had made a total length of about 3,000 feet, varying from 56 to 12 feet in height j that on Bear creek being erected in 16 feet of water. In addition, several bridges were repaired and the railroad put in running order as far east as Decatur, and with the exception of a bridge over the Ten- nessee, as far as Stevenson. The regiment had lost by death during the month, one of wounds and four of disease. In Jnly the whole regiment was at Huntsville, the companies engaged in making bridges, repairing track, and running trains on the Tennessee and Ala- bama, and Memphis and Charleston railroads, building over 1,800 feet of bridges on the former, ranging from 750 to 100 feet in length, and from 30 to 60 feet in height, cleared out the tunnel of the T. and A. railroad, building 700 feet of trestle 65 feet high, and laid three miles of railroad track. In this month its loss was nine died of disease. In August, the regiment was moved from Huntsville, with the exception of Company E, Captain Lucius F. Mills, which remained at work on the fortifi- cations, the other companies being detached to different points. On the 20th the colonel, with Companies A, B, D, G, and H, marched for Nashville, arriv- ing there on the 22d, and commenced building bridges on the Louisville and Nashville railroad, and continued until the middle of September. Companies C, F, I, and K, which had been left at Stevenson in command of the liieu- tenant Colonel, took up their line of march and joined the regiment near Gal- latin, and then on the march to Bowling Green. On the 16th the march was again commenced by the whole regiment, on the Buell and Bragg campaign, in the following order : Companies B, E, I, and K in command of the Colonel and attached to General Crittenden's corps, via Danville ; D, P, and G, with General Sill's command, via Frankfort, under the Lieutenant Colonel; and A, C, and H in command of the Major, with General Rosseau's corps, arriving on the 25th at Louisville. On the Ist of October the regiment left Louisville in the order and under the commanders referred to. The detachment composed of A, C, and H, in command of Major Hopkins, took part in the battle of Perry ville, October 8th, supporting Loomis's battery, with a loss of seventeen wounded. The regiment being again brought together at Perryville about October 12tb was not divided during the month, marching for Nashville, arriving there on the ]2th, going into camp at Edgefield. On the 22d of November it proceeded to Mill Creek, near Nashville, and there built nine bridges, remaining in camp at that point the remainder of the month, losing during that time two by wounds and seventeen by disease. The regiment remained at Mill Creek until December 31st, when it was ordered to Luvergne, where on January Ist, 1863, it became most signally dis- tinguished, and Its gallant conduct on that occasion gives it a most noted page in the history of the war. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 497 Wliilo the battle of Stone river was progressing. Colonel Tnnes, on December 31st, one of the days of tliat light, received orders from General Kosecrans to take a position with his regiment in rear of the main urmy at Lavergne, on the road between Nasliville and Alurfreesboro to protect the baggage trains. Having but a small force and expecting to be attacked at any niument, Col- onel Innis deemed it prudent to at once take such precautions for his defense as the limited time and his condition would admit of, and with tliis in view, had. early on the morning of January 1st, his wagon train in position in form of a half-circle, and had hastily constructed some breastworks of logs and brush, with other loose materials gathered up around his camp, and quietly awaited the coming events of that memorable New Year's morning, which have given to him and his regiment such an enviable page in the history of the war. While thus anxiously waiting, a large advancing rebel force made its appear- ance, and the hastily improvised corral was soon attacked by the troops of Major General Wheeler, comprising from three to four thousand cavalry with a section of liglit artillery, their object, as was afterwards ascertained, being to plunder and burn the trains pasamg ou the piko laden with supplies for Kosecrans' s army. The regiment did not number over 315 officers and men, but it fought this greatly superior force until dark, with a loss of only one killed and six wounded, defeating every attempt at capture, until the darkness compelled their withdrawal with heavy loss, estimated at something over a hundred in killed and wounded. During the engagement, which lasted for five hours, the enemy made seven separate and distinct charges, sometimes forcing their horses on the very breastworks, but which were as often gallantly repelled. While these charges were being made by the cavalry their artillery was kept con- stantly at j)lay, witli considerable effect, killing some forty or more horses and mules and damaging wagons. General Wheeler three times sent a flag of truce to Colonel Lines demand- ing a surrender, each tmie claiming an increase of his force and threatening the consequences of a refusal, to which the Colonel invariably replied, in a most dehant manner, "1 can't see it, so long as my ammunition holds out." By this gallant tight the entire rear of the army and nearly all its baggage train were saved. In Gei.eral Kosecrans's official report of Stone Eiver is the following: "The 1st Regiment of Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, at Lavergne, under com- mand of (Jolouel Innes, fighting behind a shght protection ol wagons and brush, gallantly repulsed a charge Irom more than ten times their number of Wheeler's cavaliy," A correspondent at the time says: " The scene was at times thrilling bej'ond description. The rebel horde, exasperated at the successful resistance of the little force, daslied th"ir horses against the circular brush fence, which was only breast high, with infuriated sliouts and curses. But the Michigan troops were cool and determined; they loaded last and aimed well, and, as the troopers rushed on upon all sides, they were met with staggering volh^ys almost at the muzzle of the muskets. Horses and riders recoiled again and again until Ihey des- [laired, and soon swept away through the dense forests, leaving over lifly of their dead upon the held, wliich were buried by our forces. The ground all arouml ihat small circle of blush was strewn with dead horses of the rebel troojjers, and with their clothing, guns, etc. Truly this was ouo of the most gallant affair's of the campaign." Mr. Greeley, in his excellent work, "The American Coiillict," notices Col- onel iuues's extraoruinary Uclui.so at Lavciguc, ami says: 63 \ 498 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. " On the whole, the enemy's operations in the rear of our army during this memorable conflict (battle of Stone Eiyer) reflect no credit on the intelligence and energy with which they were resisted. ' The silver lining to this cloud ' is a most gallant defense made on the 1st January by Colonel Innes's 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, only 391 strong, who had taken post on high ground near Lavergne, and formed such a barricade^of cedar, etc., as they hurriedly might. Here they were attacked, at 2 P. M., by Wharton's cav- alry, whom they successfully resisted and beat off. Wharton's official report is their best eulogium. He was in command of six or eight regiments. Wharton says: ' A regiment of infantry, under Colonel Dennis (Innes) also was stationed in a cedar brake and fortifi- cations near this point. I caused the battery under Lieutenant Pike, who acted with great gallantry, to open on it. The fire, at a range of not more than 400 yards, was kept up for more than an hour, and must have resulted in great damage to the enemy. I caused the enemy to be charged on three sides at the same time by Colonels Cox and Smith and Lieutenant- Colonel Malone, and the charge was repeated four times; but the enemy was so strongly posted that it was found impossible to dislodge them.' " From the ''Aunals of the Army of the Cumberland," a work published since the war: "While the battle was raging before Murfreesboro, a most brilliant and decisive affair occurred at Lavergne— which the reader will remember, is a small village lying midway between Murfreesboro and Nashville, on the direct pike. The 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics had been left at that place to protect communication, and had taken posi- tion on an elevated piece of ground in the rear of the village, surrounding themselves with a barricade of brush much in the nature of a common brush fence. The command numbered three hundred and ninety-one officers and men. About two o'clock in the ai'ternoon, the rebel General Wheeler, who had been busying himself in destroying trains upon the road, suddenly appeared before Colonel Innes's improvised fort with a force of about three thousand men, and two pieces of artillery, demanding an immediate surrender. This was refused, and a charge made upon the garrison; but the rebels were spiritedly repulsed and driven into the neighboring thickets. Seven times the en<"^iy attempted to carry the flimsy work, and seven times they were driven back with hea \ y ;oss. " Under an act of Congress passed in 1862, regiments and independent com- panies which had been " mustered into the service of the United States as volunteer engineers, pioneers, or sappers and miners," were ** recognized and accepted as volunteer engineers, on the same footing in all respects, in regard to their organization, pay, and emoluments as the corps of engineers of the regular army of the IFnited States." The standard of organization thus established allowed the 1st Michigan Engineers and Mechanics twelve com- panies of 150 enlisted men each. From January 1st to June 29, 1863, the regiment was stationed at Lavergne, Murfreesboro, Smyrna, and at a point near Nashville, on the Tennessee and Alabama railroad. During tliis time it built nine bridges, a number of mag- azines, buildings for commissary, quartermaster, and ordnance stores, and repaired and relaid a large amount of railroad track. June 29th the regi- ment received orders to move south from Murfreesboro to open and repair the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad. During July and August it was engaged in repairing the railroad from Murfreesboro to Bridgeport. In July the regiment built five bridges, one of which, over Elk river, was 460 feet in length, and one at Duck liiver Crossing 350 feet in length. During September and October detached companies were employed in building a bridge at Chattanooga, making pontoons for a bridge at Bridgeport, construct- ing commissary buildings at Stevenson, building and repairing bridges, etc., on lines of the Nashville and Chattanooga, and the Nashville and North- western railroads. October 31st the headquarters of the regiment were at Elk Eiver Bridge, Tenn. During the year, in addition to the work mentioned, the regiment got out a large amount of timber for buildings, and a great MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 499 tnimber of railroad ties, and performed a very large amount of repairing to railroad tracks and stations. While Bragg's army was investing Chattanooga it became necessary to open a more direct route to tlie base of supplies of the Union army at Bridgeport, and to secure the full control of the Teniu'ssee river, then infested by rebel troops between those points and cutting off supplies from the almost starving Union army. With this in view General Hooker crossed at Bridgeport on tiie 2Gth of October, ISGo, with all the force he could muster, mainly made up from the 11th and 12th corj)S, and advancing direct to Wauhatchie, in Lookout Valley, menacing Bragg with a flank attack and reaching Wauhatchie on the 28th. Meantinie 4,0(.)U men had been detailed to General Smith, of whom 1,800, under General llazen, were embarked on 52 pontoon boats at Chattanooga, and at the proper time floated quietly down the river during the night ot the 26th, passed the rebel pickefs on the outlook along the left bank, and landing ou the north side at Brown's Ferr}', got possession of the hills overiooknig it. General Hazen says in his report: " At 12 o'clock at night (2Gth) the command was awakened and marched to the landing and quietly embarked under th^ superintendence of Colonel T. E. Stanly, of the Ibih Ohio Volunteers. " At precisely three o'clock A. M. the flotilla, consisting of fifty-two boats, moved noise- lessly out. I desired to reach the point of landing at a little before dayhght, and soon learned that the current would enable me to do so without using the oars. Alter moving three miles, we came under the guns of the enemy's pickets; but keeping well under the opposite shore, were not discovered by them until the first boat was within ten feet of the landing, when the picket fired a volley, harmlessly, over the heads of the men. The dis- embarkation was effected rapidly, and in perfect order, each party performing correctly the part assigned it with so little loss of time that the entire crest was occupied, my skir- mish line out, and the axes working before the remtorcements of the enemy, a little over the hill, came foi-ward to drive us back. " At this time they came boldly up along nearly our entire front, but particularly strong along the road, gaining the hill to tlie right of it, and would have caused harm to the party on the road had not Colonel Langdon, 1st Ohio Volunteers, commanding the remain- ing portion of the brigade, arrived at this moment, and after a gallant but short engage- ment driven the enemy well over into the valley, gaining the riglit-hand hill. They made a stubborn fight all along the hill, but were easily driven away with loss." General Smith in the meantime with the remainder of his force, with material for tiie bridges, had crossed Moccasin Point, on the Union side to tiie ferry, without attracting the notice of the enemy, and before dawn they had ferried across, when the diflicult heights rising sharply fn)m the Tennessee iind from Lookout mountain were firmly secured, and by lU A. M., on the 28th a cajjital pontoon bridge had been completed at the ferry. In connection with this affair a corret^pondeut writes from Chattanooga at the time " During the hottest and thickest of the fight, when the shells were falling thick and fast all around him, Cai)tain Fox, Company D, Micliigan Enuineers and Mechanics, in command of three companies of that regiment, with forty of liis men and ninety-eight of the 21st Michigan, volunl(!ered to place the pontoon bridge in proper |)osilion across tho river at the contested point, which they accomplished in just three liours, witiioul the loss of a man; only eleven hours having been consumed in the construction of lifly-iwo [)on- toon boats and their foi niation into a serviceable bridge. " Following are very interesting and highly complimentary orders of General Thomas on the subject: Headquarteus Dep't of the Cumderland, I Orders. Chattanooga, November Isl, 1S63. J The general commanding tenders liis thanks to Brigadier General W. F. Smith and the 500 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ofiQcers and men of the expedition under his command, consisting of the brigades of Brigadier Generals Turchin and Hazen, the boat parties under Colonel T. R. Stanley, lyth Ohio, and the "pioneer bridge" party under Captain Fox, Michigan Engineers, for the skill and gallantry displayed in securing a permanent lodgment on the south side of the river at Brown's Ferry, and in puttmg in position the pontoon bridge on the- night of the 26th inst. The successful execution of this duty was attended with the most important results in opening a safe and easy communication with Bridgeport and shortening our line of supplies. By command of MAJOR GENERAL THOMAS. Captain Fox, C. Goddabd, A. A. G. Michigan Engineers and Mechanics. HeADQTTAETEKS Dep'T of the CUMBERIiAND, ) GENERAii Orders, } Chattanooga, Tenn., November 7th, 1863. ) No. 2G5. S The recent movements, resulting in the establishment of a new and short line of com- munication with Bridgeport, and the possession of the Tenneaeee river, were of so bril- liant a character as to deserve special notice. The skill and cool gallantry of the officers and men composing the expedition under Brigadier General Wm. F. Smith, chief engineer, consisting of the brigades of Brigadier Generals Turchin and Hazen, the boat parties under Colonel Stanley, 18th Ohio Volun- teers, and the pontoniers under Captain Fox, Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, in effecting a permanent lodgment on the south side of the river, at Brown's Ferry, deserve the highest praise. The column under Major General Hooker, which took possession of the line from Bridgeport to the foot of Lookout mountain, deserve great credit for their brUhant suc- cess in driving the enemy from every position which they attacked. The bayonet charge made by .the troops of General Howard, up a steep and difficult hill, over 200 feet high, completely routing the enemy and driving him from his barricades on its top, and the repulse, by General Geary's command, of greatly superior numbers, who attempted to surprise him, will rank among the most distinguished feats of arms in this war. By command of MAJOR GENERAL GEO. H. THOMAS. Official: C. GoDDARD, Assistant Adjutant General, During the year its loss was: Died in action or of wounds, 6 ; of disease, 58, including Captain James W. Sligh, injured by a railroad accident while the train was being attacked by the rebels, and who died at Tullahoma, Tenn., November 1st, 1863. The regiment, during Lhe months of January and February, 1864, was employed in building trestle work and bridges on the Nashville and North- western railroad, i. id in the construction of storehouses and other buildings at Chattanooga and 13ridgeport for the quartermaster, commissary, ordnance, and oti)er departments of the army. During a portion of the time the bat- talion at Chattanooga was employed in refitting saw-mills. In March and April a battalion was stationed at Chattanooga, where it was engaged in run- ning saw-mills, and in getting out railroad ties, building hospital accommoda- tions, and in work on the defenses at that point. Detachments from the other companies were engaged in erecting block-houses on the Tennessee and Ala- bama, Nashville and Chattanooga, and Memphis and Charleston railroads. During the month of May the battalion at Chattanooga remained at that place. Two cuinpanies were employed at Bridgeport in erecting artillery blockhouses. One battalion was stationed on the Memphis and Charleston railroad building block-houses from Decatur to Stevenson, and two companies, in command of Major Fox, were at Stevensoti completing the defenses of the post. The two companies at Stevenson remained at that point at work on the defenses up to September 30th. In June, July, August, and September the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 601 regiment, with the exception of one company at Chattanooga, one company at Bridgeport a portion of the time, and the two companies at Stevenson, was engaged on the line of the Atlantic and Western railroad, building block- houses, getting out ties, repairing, etc. On Se{)tember !^5tli orders were received to commence the march to Atlanta, arriving there on the 28th, where its headquarters were established. On the 31st of October, 18G4, the original term of the regiment expired, and such officers as desired to leave the service were mustered out, includiiio- Colonel Innes, also the enlisted men whose term of enlistment had expired. The reenlisted veterans, 148, together with the recruits who had joined the regiment, enabled it to maintain its full strength and organization entire. From the 1st to the 15th of November, the regiment, then in command of Colonel John Yates, with the exception of companies L and M, was sta- tioned at Atlanta, Ga., and was employeil in constructing defenses, destroyiiif^ rebel works, de[)ots, rolling mills, foundries, gas works, and other rebel prop- erty, tearing up and rendering useless the various railroad tracks in the vicinity. On the IGth November, attached to the 14th army corps, it marched from Atlanta as a part of the engineer force of General Sherman's army, to San- dersville, Ga., thence moved with the 20th army corps to Horse Creek, where it received orders to join the 17th corps, with which it marched to Savannah, reaching there December 10th. During the march the regiment was required to keep pace with the movements of the army, traveling over twenty miles a day, and during the time was employed in tearing up railroad track, twisting rails, destroying bridges, repairing and making roads through marshes, and building and repairing bridges. On the 10th and Uth December, the regi- ment builfc a dam across the Ogcchce canal, under fire of the rebel batteries, losing one man on the iOth, killed by a cannon ball from the enemy's outer line of defenses. From that time until after the evacuation of Savannah by the enemy, the regiment was constantly at svork taking up railroad track and destroying the rails of the several railroads leading out of the city, and in con- structing long stretches of corduroy road for passing and re-passing wagon trains. On the 23d December it moved into the city, and on the 28th com- menced work on the fortifications laid out by direction of General Sherman. These works, constructed by and under the supervision of the regiment, were over two miles in length, and included several strong batteries and lunettes. January 3d, 1865, the regiment was again in motion, marching to Pooler's Station, to convert the railroad into a wagon road, and again returning to Savannah. On the 26tli it embarked on transports for Beaufort, S. C, and on the 31st started with the army on its march to Goklsboro, N. C. The regi- ment moved witli the 15th corps to Banbury, S. C, and thenco with the 2Uth corps to Columbia, thence with the 17th corps to Fayetteville, and thence to Goklsboro with the 20th corps, where it arrived on the 23d March, liaving been in line of battle on the 19th at Bentonville, but without loss. It is estimated that during this campaign, besides making and repairing a great distance of corduroy road, the regiment destroyed and twisted the rails of thirty miles of railroad track, and built eight or ten important bridges and crossings. At Edisto the bridge was constructed under lire from the enemy's sharp-shooters. At Hughes, Little and Big Jjynch Creeks, the bridges and crossings were built by working in the night. At the latter place the water was waist deep, where a foot crossing was made in one night nearly a mile in lengtii, and the next day the same distance was corduroyed for the army trains to pass over. 502 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. At Columbia the regiment was employed in destroying factories and stores; at Oheraw, ordnance and stores; at Fayetteville, the arsenal shops and stores. Companies L and M, which had been detached from the regiment early in the summer of 1864, and placed upon the defenses at Stevenson, Ala.^^ having completed these defenses, which consisted of a system of eight bloclc-house'S. were retained in the army of the Cumberland, to be employed on the defenses of the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad, and on the 28th Nov. were moved to Elk River Bridge, and stationed in detachments along the line of the railroad to Fort Rosecraus, at Murfreesboro, engaged when not interrupted by Hood's army in building block-houses. During most of the month of December, these detachments, except the one at Elk River Bridge, were doing duty in Fort Rosecrans, while Nashville and Murfreesboro were invested by the forces under Hood and Forrest, and were engaged in completing and repairing the works at the fort. On the 15th December, a detachment of company L, with several con)panies of an Illinois regiment which had been sent out to assist in bringing in a railroad train of provisions sent from Stevenson Ala., were cap- tured, after six hours' hard fighting. Companies L and M left Murfreesboro March 1st, 18G5, to join tiie regiment, and proceeded by rail via Louisville, Indianapolis, Crestline, Pittsburg, and Philadelphia, to New York, where they took steamer to Beaufort, N. C, and thence by rail to Newbern, joining the reg ment at Goldsboro, on the 25th of March. A correspondent wrote as follows : "Before leaving Atlanta last month (November, 1864) ten companies of this regiment were attached to General Sherman's headquarters. Companies L and M were in Tennessee, and consequently did not accompany us on our late march through central Georgia. For three or four days before leaving Atlanta our regiment was engaged in tearing up the railroads leading into the city, burning the ties and twisting the iron rails, thus effectually destroying many miles of side-track, etc. On the 14th and 15tli of November we destroyed the depot buildings, besides many others that might be of use to the enemy in our absence. "During the night of the 15th the sky was bright with fires from burning buildings throughout the city. "November 16th. Struck tents early. Piled all surplus property to be burned. Marched through the city, passing the smoking ruins of large brick buildings on the main streets of the city, including the ' Trout House.' Left the smoking ruins of Atlanta about 9 A. M. Took the road to Decatur, thence to Latimeis, in DeKalb county. Halted two or three miles beyond and bivouacked for the night. The last two miles were made after simdown, and was pretty hard on the men. Decatur and Latimer's were burned alter our army passed through. " November 17th. Companies K, D, C, G, E, and I, with three days' cooked rations, left the main column and struck the Atlanta & Augusta railroad at Lithonia; tore up the track, burned the ties, and twisted the rails for several miles, and then followed large bodies of infantry from the 14th corps until tboy reached Covington, twisting the T rails, using for this purpose wrought iron hooks, made by the Michigan Engineers. " Noveinber 18th. After reaching a point beyond Covington, the six companies left the railroad about dusk and marched three or four miles, until we reached the direct road to Katonton, not far from the Oleofaubachee river. The day's march was very hard on the men, some of whom fainted by the way. " November 19th. Marched early. Orders were read to each company against enter- ing houses and pilfering. Moved with the 14th corps. General J. C. Davis cominantiing. His wagon train bothered us some in marching. Eeached a point near Shady Dale, Jasper county, and went into camp after dark. " November 2(Jth. Marched to near Eatonton factory. Went into camp for the first time since leaving Atlanta before dark. Major Yates called upon company commanders to enforce the orderB against entering houses, pilfering, and shooting without orders. "November 21st. Rainy and wet; road very muddy. Companies G, A, H, D, and C were with the wagons to help them over the bad road. Fifty wagons in our regimental train. Made only four or five miles. Night cold and windy. Companies A and G camped in the wooda; men suffered ti'om the cold; wood mostly green. The other companies encamped MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 603 on the other side of a small river, but on high ground, where they suCfered from the cold winds. " November 22d. Train moved across the river by fording bolow a dam. Marched ten or twelve miles. Encamped in a pine grove some twolvc miles from Milledgevillo. "November 23d. Marched early, lieached the vicinity of MilhMlgeville about 2 P. JI. Halted an hour, and then marched through the city with music and colors. Crossed the Oconee river and encamped in a corn-field. Conjpany C sent over the river to destroy a section of the branch railroad. During the night the sky was bright with firi-s. "November 21th. Marched northeast. Encamped on 'Town creek, Baldwin county. "November 25th. Marched to near Hebron, Washington county. Toward evening Companies K, D, G, and F, under CaptaiJi Crittenden, moved down into a swamp and laid some 'corduroy' to help the trains through. Keturncd to camp alter dark, using pine knots for torches, " November 2tJth. Crossed through a low, wet swamp; road very bad. Reached San- dersviile at 2 P. M. Left the wagons, using pack mules for traiis[iortation of oCQcers' messes and tools for destroying railroads. Marched to Tennille Station on the Georgia Central railroad. Companies reported to different brigades of the 2uth army corps to twist the rails and assist in destroying the track. After breaking up a few miles we camped for the night, but were ouL in line of battle after midnight. No attack. "November 27th. Followed the different brigades until we met the other companies- then marrhed around by the road, three or four houi's after sundown, through a swamp and by wagons until we reached Davisboro at 11 P. M. Many men fell out by the way but came up afterwards. Cooked supper and laid down about midnight. " November 28th. Reveille at 4 A. M. Marched at 6 o'clock. The companies destroyed a mile or two of railroad and trestle near Davisboro, and rested most of the afternoon. "November 29th. At daybreak we destroyed the bridge over Swamp creek, and then followed in a line alter General Geary's division of the 20th corps. Halted for dinner near Spear's Station. Track burning for miles. IMarched to near a place called Bethel, in Jeff- erson county. "Went into camp about dark. "November 30th. Captain Crittenden, with the right wing, moved down to the Ogee- chee river to build a bridge, but was afterwards recalled. Marched up the river with Gen- eral Geary's division; crossed the river after repairing an old bridge; encamped with the other troops in the vicinity of Louisville. "December 1st. Marched early. Formed column by divisions. Waited for troops to pass and then followed rapidly. Reached the four corners between Baker's and Bark Camp creek. Camped in the bushes by the road. " Deceniber 2d. Marched as usual. Reached Buckhead creek atl P. M. Repaired two or three bridges partly destroyed by rebels. General Slocum present in person waiting to cross his troops and train. Crossed over and camped near Buckhead church about dark. "December 3d. Moved down the river toward Millen and Augusta. Then we marched to near Horse creek, on the road to Sylvania; the last few miles were njade after dark. Men very tired; halted in the road near water; supper at 11; sleep about midnight. " December 4:th. Reveille at 4. Marched at 6 A M. Repaired several bad places In the road, one in particular near Little Horse creek. Cut down tho small pine trees, and with fence rails made a passable road for the trains. Part of the men on duty at this place all night. Regiment in camp on higher ground neai by. " December 5th. Reveille at 3.30. Marched at 5. Overtook tho 1st division, 20th army corps, near Hylvania, where we were joined by our wagon train. After halting for dinner, and drawing rations, moved forward to Hunter's Mills just in time to prevent the dams and bridges from being destroyed. Alter putting out the fire and repairing bridges, the regiment and wagon train moved south to join the right wing of tlit; army. Road over- flowed by water from the dam. Men had dilliculty in getting through; waded part of tho way; nuirched by moonlight. Encamped in a beautiful grove about 8.30 P. M., near Arniena, Schriven county. Men have been living mostly on the country thus far. Gen- erally a good supply of sweet potatoes, fiesh meat. etc. Forage plenty for the animals. '•December Gliu Moved across the Little Ogeechee to near Ohver Station. Most of the regiment at work destroying the railroad. ■■ Deeeinber 7th. Marched about 7 A. M., with the other troops. Rained quite hard; road uiudily and obstructed by fallen trees. Our regiment in advance soon cleared the way. Hard marching; horses mired in marshy places. Reached a small creek near Guy- ton about dark. Built a bridge over the creek during tho night. "December 8th. Captains E. 0. Crittenden and J. J. Rhodes were appointed acting majors. Marched at 7 A. M. Repaired the road in several places. Reached a point near Springfield about 2 P. M. Rested here untill morning. Cannon Hring in the distance. "Deceniber 9th. iU'.rched at 6:30 A. M. Halted near General Sherman's heudtjuar- 604 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ters. General pacing up and down before his camp-fire deep in thought, tracing lines of investment upon the ground. Fifteenth corps is sent to the right. Seventeenth moving forward. Eegiment distributed through a long swamp to repair the road. After all tho trains had passed we moved forward to Pooler Station and encamped. "December 10th. Marched at 7 A, M. At Telfair we turned off on the railroad. Formed column by companies closed in mass. Waited orders. Soon discovered an engine up thetracli carrying a mounted cannon, which opened upon us. After a few shots we moved across the -track into the woods. One man, Robert Brown, of Company H, was mortally wounded by a cannon ball. Soon after the regiment was ordered on to a canal, ■where a dam was built to prevent the rebels overflowing the ground between us. " December 11th. Major Hannings, with Companies C, E, I, and B, moved over to the Charleston & Savannah railroad. " After finishing the dam across the canal the balance of the regiment moved out from under fire and went into camp near General Sherman's headquarters. Since that time, until we reached Savannah, the regiment was employed in building 'corduroy ' roads and destroying the railroads for several miles in the rear of our lines. On Dect^mber 23d Major Yates and Captain Rhodes moved into the city with the right wing, followed by Major Hannings with the left wing on December 24, companies in the follownig order: A, E, D, I, B, G,"H, K, F, C, Company A m front. We have very comfortable quarters in the suburb's of the city, and the men are enjoying a good rest. The ever-active Major Yates has been everywhere present and an eilicient commander. " Savannah is a very fine city for its size. There are many splendid buildings and resi- dences. Vessels arrive and depart every day, although the river is not fully opened yet. The army has plenty of rations; the troops are being revieved by the Generals and all doing well." On the 10th of April, 1865, General Sherman's army broke camp at Golds- boro, the regiment moving with the 20th corps, and soon after reached Kaleigh, where it remained until the negotiations were compleud for the surrender of Johnson's army, and on the SUtli moved with the 17th corps on tlie march to Washington, crossing the Koanoive river at Monroe, and passing through the cities of Petersburg, Kichmond, and Alexandria, Va. General Sherman in his report says: "The 12th, 13th, and 14th corps were passed at Fayetteville, destroying absolutely the United States arsenal and the vast amount of machinery which formerly belonged to the old Harper's Ferry U. S. arsenal. Evei-y building was knocked down and burned, and every piece of machinery utterly broken up and ruined by the first regiment Jlichigan ^Engineers, under the immediate supervision of Colonel 0. M. Poe, chief engineer. Much valuable property of great use to the enemy was here destroyed or cast into the river. " A correspondent wrote as follows : " After two months' successful campaign through South and part of North Carolina, we have reached our communications once more. Here is a brief abstract of our diary since leaving Savannah, Ga. " January 23d, 1865. Marched from Savannah at 3 P. M. up the Georgia Central rail- road, bivouacked three miles out. "January 24th. After throwing over some railroad track, building a small bridge and clearing road-bed for wagons, passed on, camped about two miles beyond Pooler, even- ing received orders to retuin to Savannah, to go from there to Beaufort by water. "January 25th. Returned to Savannah, o(;pupied our old camp until evening, when we commenced loading our transportation, etc., on vessels. "January 26th. "Companies A, B, F, G, H, and I embarked on the Crescent City; left moorings y camped near wood and water. Major Crit- tenden was left at Savannah to bring up the balance of the regiment. "January 27th. Unloaded the animals, wagons, tools, supplies, etc.. from two vessels. "January 28lh. Companies C, E, and K arrived from Savannah. "January 2yth. Major Crittenden arrived with balance of regiment and animals, except a few which came on next boat. "January 3Uth. Day occupied in putting wagons together and preparing for a long march. '• January 31st. Marched to Pocatalligo, crossing the river between Port Royal and main land ou a pontoon bridge; camped near General Sherman's headquarters. MICHIGAN IN THE \VAIi. 505 " Febiuaiy 1st. Maiched at 6.30 A. M. with the 15th army corps, General Lof^an com- manding; niaile about 12 miles on McPhersonville road and camped for the night. "February 2d. Marched at 6.30 A. :M., followinir 1st britjade of General Hazen's divi- sion; several tine houses along the road were set lire to and burned. After marching 17 miles, camped near four corners, skirmishing half a mile in front of us. " February 3d. In camp all day; knapsack inspection at 3 P. M. ; all surplus clothing, etc., burned; enemy in front skirmishing sharply. General Oliver's brigade drove the rebels two or three miles. "February 4th. Took right hand road, marched about 12 or 15 miles in a northerly direction. Camped near Beaufort bridge an hour before sundown; road bad in places; soil sandy, mixed with clay; country more rolling; liills small, with gradual ascent; foraging on the country; corn plenty; fresh pork, chickens, some hams and cattle. Tim- ber: oak, ash, sycamore, and pine; a peculiar land of moss hangs from the limbs. Fences and houses more numerous. "February 5th. Passed through a long swamp and crossed Beaufoi-t bridge. This defile was commanded by works which the rebels evacuated from fear of a (lank move- ment by the 17th corps. Country looks much better; road good, but sandy; some hickory and cypress trees. Moved three or four miles and remained in camp the balance of the day. " February 6th. Followed General John E. Smith's division. In the afternoon this division skirmished with the enemy, charged and drove him through a small swamp and creek. Column moved forward about 3 P. M. Camped about dusk on low ground. Eainy and wet. "February 7th. Followed 1st division with one ambulance and tool wngon; road muddy, but passable. Twisted four or live miles of track on the South Carolina railroad, after two brigades had piled the iron on ties and fired them; men pretty tired. "February 8th. Worked on railroad as before until noon. After dinner moved into camp at Lowry's. "February 9th. Regiment marched to Blackville, 15 miles eastward, on the railroad; reported to General Slocum, commanding left wing. Encamped at 5 P. M.; weailier very cold; light flakes of snow fell. "February 10th. Companies A, I, D, and E, under Major Ci'ittonden, worked west- ward on the railroad four miles; Companies G, H, B, F, and C, Lieuienant Colonel Han- niiigs commanding, moved to "Wooliston and twisted the the iron after five brigades of the 2Uth corps. Company K with wagons. "February 11th. Orders were received temporarily dividing the regiment, right wing to go with 2Utli corps, left wing with 14th corps. Bight wing moved to Duncan's Ferry, left wing to ' Gegnard's,' both on the South Edisto river, where they built crossings. " February 12th. Four companies of left wing returned to Wooliston to report to Gen- eral Davis for work on the railroad. Eight wing moved to the north branch of Edisto river. The enemy threw shot and shell while we were at work on the bridge. Colonel Yates had a narrow escape, a piece of shot tearing a hole in the waist of his coat while examining the crossing. "Worked during the night on the bridge. " February 13th. Crossed the North Edisto, marched five or sis miles; went into camp on the brow of a hill; soil sandy, but more of a red clay. "Februaiy 14th. Marched eight or ten miles, turning oft to the left on Lexington road; camped near a small pond about 11 A. M. Bested balance of the day. Our bill of fare to-day was turkey, chicken, short cake, butter, honey, apple-sauce, coffee, etc., mostly foraged in South Carolina. " February loth. Marched about ten miles. Enemy disputed our passage on Congaree creek, but soon gave way before the advance of the skirmishers. Camped near cross roads, three miles from Lexington Coui-t House. Country more rolling; some walnut a"nd oak, besides the pine; soil still sandy, but more clay in the valleys near streams. Boad rather soft, weather very misty, trees dripping. "February IGth. Took the Columbia road. Ground more rolling, large bills and val- leys, beautiful scmicry. Camped about three miles from Columbia. "February 17th. Marched to within a mile of Zion's Ferry, on the Saluda river. While waiting for troops to cross pontoon bridge, received orders which led us to march three miles through the woods to Saluda Factory, where we crossed and encamped on the pen- insula. " February 18th. Crossed Broad river on pontoon bridge; marched about two miles to a good camp in the suburbs of Columbia, north. Most of the business part of the city was burned last night. " During the day I had occasion to call at General Sherman's headquarters, which were In a well furnished i-esidence in the city. While there. Major General Sherman stepped out on the porch. As ho advanced, the General looked at me a second or two, then to 04 606 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the floor, as if in thought, then turned back to hear what a lady, who had come to see him, had to say. He is a tall, thin, spare looking man, dressed in Major General's uni- form, actions quick or nervous. His countenance at the time seemed to denote an acute anxiety, while the spare features contracted by deep inward thought gave the man a marked appearance, long to be remembered. His staff are plain and unassjuming in manners, as weU as friendly and polite to all. " Left wing arrived in afternoon, and encamped with the right wing of the regimont. "February 19th. Marched northward on Chai'lotte railroad. Twisted nine miles of heavy strap rail. Camped six miles out. Companies K, G, F, and C, under Major Ehodes, at work destroying all machinery, shops, warehouses, factories, etc., in Columbia, under the direction of the chief engineer. " February 20th. Marched at 10 A. M. up the railroad eight or nine miles, where we encamped on good ground, with wood and water near. " Februaiy 21st. Twisted eight or nine miles of railroad track; camped near Simpson's Station. "February 22d. Twisted the iron to "Waynesboro, beyond which the 20th and 14th corps were working. Here we left the railroad and struck off eastward. " February 23d. Crossed the Wateree river; camped at Liberty Hill. "February 25th. Crossed the Little Lynch creek, where the men waded in water up to their waists. " February 26th. Crossed the Big Lynch, where we worked aU night building a bridge. "February 27th. Crossed the Big Lynch creek. "March 3d. Eeached Cheraw with but little resistance. " March 5th. Crossed the Great Pedee river. " March 8th. Crossed the boundary line between North and South Carohna. "March 11th. Arrived at Fayetteville, N. C, where we remained three days, destroy- ing the buildings, machinery, ordnance, etc., belonginji to the arsenal. "March 14th. Crossed the Cape Fear river. " March 15Lh. Companies C, I, F, and D went with watjon trains on the road to right, the balance of the regiment moved with two divisions of the 20th and 14:th corps on the road to Kaleigh. "March IGth. Met the enemy in force after going four miles; sharp engagement; drove the rebels from the first line of works. We were repairing the roiul which was very bad in places. Camped on the battle field fought over to-day. The rebel dead are lying around unburied. " March 17th. Marched at daylight. Built a crossing over Black river uc a long dam and through a mill. Marched over and across the country five or six luiles. Camped near General Sherman's headquarters. "March 18th. Built a crossing over Mingo creek. "Worked on road with the leading brigade. Eeached camp about 11 P. M. Supper after midnight. Lay down ibuui I o'clock. " March 19th. Moved forward, repairing the road. About noon halted for rest and din- ner, after which moved forward about two miles to where the 14th corps were engagea with the enemy. The ;u;tion had been going on an hour or two, and was quite lieavy. Soon after our arrival the enemy pressed the center of our line. Colonel Yates had been assigned a position on the left. While moving to the position assigned small crowds of pack animals, coming out of the woods, and from the front, seemed to indicate to an observer the likelihood of our repulse. The Colonel, with the companies of his command then with him, advanced towards the woods in fine of battle to bear a part with the infantry in holding the ground. While doing tliis the movements of infantry in front and on the right with the accompanying noise of battle seemed to show that the enemy would soon be upon them. The Colonel following the movements of infantry on liis right, took a better position. Then facing the enemy he ordered the men, who had been provided with shovels from our tool wagons, to throw up hastily a temporary earthwoilc in their front. They worked lively. At the same time it was reported that the enemy were massing on our left. Colonel Yates exhorted his men to stand firm, by saying, ' We will whip the rebels.' The men stood firm and kept in fine. After the enemy iiad been checked and the troops deployed in front, we moved to our position on the left, where a /ery strong Une of works were soon thrown up. The action from this time (5.30 P. M.) jntil dark was very heavy indeed. The rebels, massed in front, made several charges to take our battery, holding on desperately for half an hour, during which time the guns poured in grape, canister, shot, and shell. The noise occasioned by the incessant rattle of musketry, mingled with the loud, sliarp cracking of artillery and the dense smoke, made it for a time one of the sharpest battles of the war. " March 21st. By a strategic movement on the right, and a hard-fought battle by the 15th and 17th corps, the enemy was defeated and fell back, leaving his killed and wounded on the field. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 507 " March 22d. Arrived at Goldsboro, N. C, after a march of nearly 500 miles through an enemy's country, crossing? swamps, rivers, etc., drawing most of our subsistence from a poor and wasted country, and defeating the enemy on his own ground. We will have a lew days' rest, and bo prepared to take part in the grand final overthrow of the great rebellion." On the "Ai4th April, 1865, the regiment passed in the review of the armies at \V:ishington, and went into camp near Ueorfretown, D. C. Early in June it was ordered to Louisville, Ky., to report to Major General Thomas, coniniand- ing the UeparLinent of tlu' (Jumberland, and was then ordered to Nasiiville, Tenn., where it arrived July 1st. There the regiment was employed upon the defense's until September ••.'2d, when it was mustered out of service and in command of Colonel Yates was ordered to this State, arriving at the rendez- vous at Jackson September 25th, and on the 1st of October was paid off and disbanded. Engaged at Mill Springs, Ky., January 19, 1862; Farmington, Miss., May 9, 1802; siege of Corinth, May 10 to 31, 1862; Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; Lavergne, Tenn., January 1, 1863; Chattanooga, Tenn., October 6, 18t')3; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to September 2, 1864; Savannah, Ga., December 11 to 21, 1864; Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1S65. During its term of service it had borne on its rolls 3,200 officers and men, and its losses were one officer killed by railroad accident, six men died in action or of wounds, seven of wounds, and 342 of disease. "Blest dead, be now softly sleeping — Our tenderest tears shall bedew Each grave — and we're proud 'mid our weeping That trial's hour proved you so true." The services of this regiment were specially valuable to the government, and were highly appreciated by the commanding generals under whom they served, acquiring a national as well as State reputation which has given it a mostcred- ital)le page in the history of the war. While the Engineers perfornied an immense amount of mechanical labor, and which reflected much credit upon themselves and the State, yet there was also much accomplished in that kind of labor by civil emi)loy6s from Michi- gan at various jioints during the war, especially at Bridgeport, on the Tennes- see river, in connection with the Army of the Cumberland. When Kosecraiis's army reached Bridgeport it was ascertained that no steam- ers were to be found on that river, and water transportation being absolutely necessary to carry forward the immense amount of su[)[)lies required for the army, consequently the only recourse left was in building them. In order to accomplish this, the services of Colonel Arthur Edwartls, of Trenton, Mich- igan, were secured. He had been originally commissioned as quartermaster of 5th Michigan Cavalry, but was soon afterwartls ai)pointed in the U. S. Quartermaster's department. In a very short time he had some 350 or 400 carpenters and ship carpenters from Michigan at work. The Colonel had formerly been a captain of ateamers on the lakes, as well as having a large ownership in lake steamers, bringing to the service of the government when so much recpiired, an extensive experience which proved of great value in the accomplishment of the duty to which he had been assigned. The first boat built uniler his supervision was a small stern-wheeler named the "Chattanooga," called by the rebels the "Cracker Boat," from the fact of her carrying such quantities of "hard tack." Her Ihst trips were uuulo 508 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. from Bridgeport to Brown's Ferry, below Chattanooga, and afterwards extend- ing them to that point, and sometimes to Loudon, near Kuoxviile. She once successfully ran the blockade of the rebels on the Tennessee from Cliatta- nooga to that place, carrying supplies to the Union troops at Knoxville, under instructions from General Grant, who directed that the usual guard of soldiers and pieces of artillery be left ofE the boat in order to deceive the rebels along the river as to her true character and purpose. She was commanded by Captain John Edwards, also of Trenton, Michigan, who had formerly sailed on the lakes. Colonel Edwards was placed by General Eosecrans in charge of the entire trater transportation of the army on the Tennessee, making all contracts with teamers and having the entire direction of their business with the government. lu addition to the "Chattanooga," he afterwards superintended the con- truction of thirteen steamers in nine months, several of which were gun-boats. FIRST REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY. *' Then shook the hills with thunder riven, Then rush'd the steeds to battle driven, And louder than the bolts of heaven, Far flash'd the red artillery." The regiment of Michigan Light Artillery was composed of twelve six-gun batteries. It was commanded by Colonel 0. 0. Loomis; but from the char- acter of that arm of the service the batteries were never brought together as a regiment. During its term of service it had carried on its rolls 3,333 officers and men, while 2(J5 had roenlisted as veterans in the several batteries. The batteries composing it served in all the principal armies, and some of them bore conspicious parts- in most of the important battles in which the western armies were engaged, while some of them served in the extreme south. Their services in battle were creditable wherever an opportunity dflered, but like ail other batteries failed in gaining a proportionate notoriety or reputation with tliat of the cavalry or infantry arm of service, owing to a less amount of correspondence with the public press of the country. BATTERY A Was mustered into the service as the 1st Michigan Light Artillery, and although on the formation of the artillery regiment it received tlie ali)ha- betical designation, it still was known throughout the war by the wiiole army as "Loomis's Battery." Long before the breaking out of the rebellion there had been at Cold water an artillery company mounted and equipped as a light battery, efficient and well up in drill, and known as the "Coldwater Ligiit ArtillerVj" and which was recognized as a part of the State militia. Its officers in 1860 were: Cap- tain, Henry C. Lewis; First Lieutenant, John W. Cuip; Second Lieutenant, William Cartshuff. The citizens of that place, prominent among whom were Captain Lewis and 0. B. Clark, Esq., being most anxious to take an early part in suj)pressing the rebellion, tendered the services of the battery to tiie Governor, and pressed with much earnestness its acceptance at once, Mr. Clark agreeing to furnish the necessary horses for the battery, which agreement he faithfully carried out, the horses being afterwards paid for by the State, and the amount has since been refunded by tlie general government. Under this proposition a telegraphic correspondence was at once opened with General Juo. E. Wool, U. S. Army, then iu New York City, and who (50'J) 510 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. was at the time supposed to have authority from the War Department to accept the services of troops for the government. Deteoit, April 22, 1S61. General John E. Wool, U. S. Army, New York City: A field battery of lour guns complete tender their services to the War Department. Will they be received, m addition to the auota from Michigan? JNO. EOBERTSON, Adjutant General. New Yoke City, A2Jril 28, 1861. Jno. Robertson, Adjutant General: I am directed by Major General Wool to say that the field battery of four guns, mentioned in your dispatch this morning, if properly organized as a company, will be received in addition to the quota from Aiit-higan, and will be recognized by the govern- ment accordingly. The commanding officer of Detroit arsenal will furnish the necessary ammunition. BICHAED ARNOLD, Aid-de-camp. Under this authority the battery was ordered to Fort Wayne, near Detroii. It arrived in command of Captain Lewis witliout dehiy, hringing cannon ami equipments, with sufficient fine horses for a complete battery of six guns. Soon after its arrival it was ascertained that the government did not deem it necessary to accept any more artillery in addition to that already accepted from Eastern States, and declined to stand by the acceptance of General Wool. This was a great disappointment to the battery, and placed the State authori- ties- in a perplexing situation, but measures were at once commenced thi-ough the influence of Governor Blair and others to induce the War Department to recede from its decision, and after considerable dehiy and much telegrapiiic correspondence, the department finally decided to accept its services, but only upon the condition that it should be enlisted for tliree years. This gave rise to much just dissatisfaction, both among the officers and men, and as a result, a large proportion declined to muster for that term, their busi- ness affairs and other reasons interfering, necessarily preventing them, at that time, from entering into a longer term of service than that for which they had made arrangements to be absent from their homes and business. The battery was however re-organized with enlistments for three years, and was soon filled up to the maximum standard, when it was at once put in rapid process of equipment by Gyrus 0. Loomis, who had been selected its com- mander. It was mustered into the service of the United States, May 28th, 1861, wiin the following officers: Captain, Cyrus 0. Loomis, Coldwaier; First Lieuten ant, Otis II. Gillam, Coldwater; First Lieutenant, Charles A. EdmunJs. Quincy ; Second Lieutenant, Roland lioot, Coldwater; and Second Lieutenant, Kobert G. Chandler, Coldwater. The battery on being fully equipped, left the State in command of Captaiii Loomis for the field in West Virginia, May 31, 1861, via Cincinnati, taking with it six brass six-pounders, with complete equipments, furnished by the State. The appearance of this battery while passing through Ohio, especially at Cincinnati, attracted much attention, and its completeness of outfit on such short notice, as well as the fine ai)i)earance of the men, were subjects of enthu- siastic praise, while the superior quality of the horses did not pass without favorable comment. In fact the organization of this battery, taking place almost on the threshold MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 511 of the rebellion, was one of the events which so early brought Michigan to the front before the country as a wide awake State, andVeliable in the war, and in Bonie instances really setting examples ou the start; which were elsewhere fol- lowed. Tiie battery on arriving at Cincinnati was ordered to Camp Dennison, on the river above that place. Keuiaining there two weeks it marched to Mari- etta, Ohio, then took transports to Parkersburg, West Virginia, and from thence took rail to Clarksburg, and there took position on the heights above the town, which was expected to be attacked by the rebel General Wise. June 28th it took up the line of march for Buchanan, arriving there on July Ist. On the 4th of July the battery was inspected by Colonels Sill and Lander, whose report to General McClellan gave it great credit for discipline and efficiency in drill. July Gth it again took up the line of march, having a slight skirmish at Middlefork bridge, and on the 10th marched to Roaring river. On July 11th it participated in the battle of Rich Mountain, in which the enemy was driven from his position, said to be almost impregnable, caus- ing the capture of his subsistence and ordnance stores, including several pieces of artillery, which were turned over to the battery by order of the general commanding. At this point it was supplied with six ten-pounder Parrotts, sent by order of General McClellan, when the old brass pieces were laid aside and not afterwards us^jd by tiie battery. Moving to Beverly on the 12th and to Clieat Mountain Pass on the 13Lh, went into camp, and ou the 14th of August moved to Elkwater. The battery was constantly employed in scouting, — difficult, owing to the nature of the country, — and had frequent skirmishes with tlie enemy. In one of them Colonel Joiin A. Washington (rebel) was killed, and it is believed that a few well-directed shots prevented Lee's column from taking position to attack the Union front. It crossed Cheat Mountain October Ist, and on the 3d marched to Green- brier and took part in the action at that point. After a severe cannonalino- of four hours the Union force retired with small loss. After the engagement the battery returned to Elkwater, remaining there until the 30th and then moved to Huttonsville and encamped. On December Gth moved to Philli|)pi, West Va., and ou the 16th was ordered to report to General lUicl! at Louisville, Ky., reaching there December 22d, when tlie battery on the 3ist was ordered to Bacon Creek, doing cousitlerable duty at tliat point. From Bacon Creek it moved with General Mitchell's command in the advance of General Buell's a:niy soutliward to Bowling Greun, then consid- ered a rebel stronghold. It was the first to cross the bridge over Green river at MunfordsviUe which had just been completed, taking the advance on Bowling Green, reaching tliat point on February 14, Ib&i, and taking position ou Baker's Hill in advance of the cavalry, having been on tlie double-cpiick for Some distance, at once threw shot and shell into tiie rebel oncampniL'nt, much to their surprise, as it was understood that Buell's advance had only reached Cave City. The whistle of the lirst sliell, lired at a locomotive, dis- turbed them in the preparations then being made for their retreat, and j)re- venled tlie destruction of such stores as could not be carried oil. The lire, although from a distance of about a mile and a half, was so precise that the first shell jiassed through the boiler of an engine, disabling it and tiiereb}* detaining nine others that cuuld not be moved ou account of its obstrucliou of the track. 512 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. A fire so rapid and accurate being kept up the rebels hurriedly made a retreat before they could make preparation either for the removal of their stores or for accomplishing their destruction. On the completion of this valuable service and most excellent praotice, the battery was complimented by General Mitchell, who was himself an accom- plished artillerist, having entered that arm of the service from West Point; while it also received from the War Department a highly commendatory order for its extraordinary march on Bowling Green, and the important part it took in the affair at that point. A correspondent wrote as follows: " The order of march from Beacon Creek was issued at 8 o'clock on Sunday evening, the 9th February, and by dayhght on Monday morning the division took up its line of march for Bowling Green, our battery taking the advance. In the afternoon we arrived at Green river, crossing which ,we went into camp. On the morning of the 13th we were again on the move. The day was pleasant and warm, and the roads were in excellent condition, with the exception of two or three miles, on which trees had been felled by the rebels to impede the advance. " The inhabitants along the route manifested strong union feelings and complained bit- terly of the treatment which they had received from the rebels. At one place in particu- lar they were overjoyed at seeing us. This was at a tavern six miles from Green river. The landlord, approaching one of our lieutenants, shook him warmly by the hand, while the tears coursed down his care-worn cheeks. In the meantime his daughters (three handsome girls) busied themselves by bringing us water to quench our thirst. Lieutenant Van Pelt remarked to one of the ladies that we had come to protect, not to destroy. 'We are so much obliged to you all, sirs,' she modestly exclaimed, 'we indeed thank you.' " The rebels took three fine horses and other property from this family. We passed a number of ponds, every one of which contained two or more dead horses, which the rebels had thrown in, hoping to deprive us of water. This was a mean and disgusting piece of barbarism, as the effluvia arising from the dead carcasses was exceedingly offensive to the surrounding inhabitants. At 4 o'clock we halted for refreshments, having arrived at Glas- gow Station, twenty-one miles from Bowling Green. " At this place two or three buildings, including the station house, were burned to the ground, and most of the inhabitants deserted, leaving their houses in charge of negroes. " Here we rested for about an hour, after which we resumed our march and proceeded about a mile and camped for the night. The next morning was cold and disagreeable. During the night we had a light fall of snow, which prevented our sleeping, as we had no shelter. The boys, however, gathered around the camp-fires, practicing what might be called an ' Indian war dance.' " The evening previous being warm and pleasant, Captain Loomis deemed it unneces- sary to have the tents pitched. " At 7.30 o'clock the division was again in motion towards Bowling Green. We had traveled about four miles when information was received that the rebels, with the excep- tion of a few hundred, had evacuated Bowling Green. The bridges over Barren river were about to be destroyed. General Mitchell immediately ordered us, including the 4th Ohio Cavalry, to make all haste with the hope of saving the bridges. At 11.30 o'clock we were there, making the last four miles in twenty minutes, but the bridges were destroyed the night previous. Being on an elevated position, we were enabled to see the rebels dis- tinctly, through a spy glass, busily engaged at the depot, a distance of nearly two miles from us, in loading a long train of cars with provisions, quartermaster's stores, etc. Two of our pieces were quickly brought to bear upon the engine, which was disabled. This brought forth an exclamation of praise and satisfaction from General Mitchell, who was standing near us at the time. " The rebels finding their plans frustrated, and the impossibility of clearing the track of the damaged engine, set fire to the train, after whicli they fired the engine-house, depot, and several other buildings adjoining. Five engines were considerably damaged by fire, but can be repaired in a few days. Not feeling satisfied with what they had done the villains proceeded up town and set fire to several fine edifices. It was their intention to burn the town to ashes, and they would probably liuve done so had we not thrown a shell amongst them, kilUng eight and wounding several others, the rest retreating out of town, i)utting their liorses to their utmost speed. We afterwards learned that these ras- cals were a detachment of the Texan Rangers, under the rebel General Hardee, who com- manded them in person. Hindmau, with his brigade, left at the comn>encement of our lire. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 513 " "We captured a number of bage:af?e cars, a large quantity of provisions and ammunU tion; one G-pouuder, an iron smooth-bore, two caissons, one battery wa^jon, live eugiues, and some other property. "There are eleven fortifications here, the principal one, vrhich is situated on College Hill, iuiniediately on the left of the city, is over three thousand feet in length. This fort conjniaiuls the surrounding country for several miles. The appearance of these fortifica- tions indicated that the enemy must have had at least one hundred pieces of artillery. This We.^tern Alanasses, the Gibralter of America, has been taken by Loomis'a Battery, accompanied by a regiment of cavalry. This adds another sUir to the honor of Michigan, won by the gallantry of her sons. "The Mieliigan Engineers have constructed pontoon bridges, so that the troops can cross the Big Barren river without the least difficulty. "On the 22d inst. we again took up the line of march for Nashville, while the rain poured down in torrents without intermission throughout the day. In the aft<^rnoon we arrived at the village of Franklin, where we encamped for the night, wet, tired, and hungry. " The next morning we resumed our march, and reached the village of Edgefield, oppo- site Nashville, on the afternoon of the 24th, making a march of thiity-two miles the last day, leaving the infantry several miles in our rear." The battery returned to Kashville, goiug into camp at Edgefield, it was then engaged on many scouts, acting as cavalry in chasing Morgan and other guer- rillas between tliat point and Huntsville, Ala., with occasional skirmishes. On the 29th of May, 1SG2, two of its guns were sent from Huntsville to Bridgeport and assisted in the defeat of the rebels at that point. The services of the battery while with General Mitchell's command in Xorthern Alabama were varied, and were mostly performed by dividing it up into detachments. One piece, in command of Lieutenant O'Riordan was on a gun-boat in service on the Tennessee while another was on the railroad doing patrol duty with a car fitted up for that purpose, being faced with railroad iron and so arranged and built up as to give the structure on the car the form of a wedge, while other portions of the battery were on detached service at various points. On the 1st of August following, the battery left Huntsville with Mitchell's command and commenced the memorable retreat of Buell on Louisville, and reaching there remained until the advance was commenced from that point. At Perry ville on October 8th, the battery took an important part, saving by its gallant and efficient service the right wing from being ilanked, and is said to have fired the first and last artillery shot in that important battle. Ik opened the fight and for an hour was engaged in a duel with a battery belong- ing to what was known as the Washington artillery, doing it much damage, as afterwards stated by one of its officers, and continued engaging the enemy until darkness put an end to the contest, having during the afternoon repelled five charges, leaving 1,500 rebels in front of its position. The last position held by it was taken about 3 P. M., with instructions to hold it at all hazards, as it was recognized as the key to the field. The battery was witliout sup{)ort and could not obtain any. The guns were planted on one of a succession of nobs. The intention of the (ieneral commanding (as afterwards ascertained) was to hold the j)osition as long as possible to save otiier commands, and finally if needs be, abandon the guns. At one time ouiers were received by Loumis to spike them and save his men, but this ho declined to do, preferring ratlier to liold on so long as he had a man or a gun left, and in the event of being overpowered and captured to go witli the guns rather than leave the field without tiieiu. This decision was a bold but forta- nate one, made almost against ho})e, and to the surprise of himself and his 65 514 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. euperiors in command he gallantly repelled every attempt of the enemy to dislodge him or capture his guns, and succeeded in bringing off his entire battery. Its loss was heavy, being 18 men killed and wounded, with 33 horses killed or disabled. After this the battery was on several marches and engaged in several skir- mishes in that section of the country, and during the month of November marched from Lebanon, Ky., to Tyree Springs, near Nashville, Tenu. It participated in the advance of Eosecrans on Murfreesboro. Fighting through many other battles, where its vigorous action, stubborn pluck, and brilliant dash gave it an enviable reputation throughout the whole army; it is found hotly engaged during the memorable days and nights of hard and des- perate fighting in the bloody battle of Stone liiver, where it lost heavily, but achieved a most noted distinction, second to no battery in the service, and the history of the times will bear witness to its noted fame in the ages that shall follow. Goieral Eosecrans at one time gave Loomis to understand that his battery had the key to his position, and cautioned him to hold it at all hazards. Its loss was heavy, being 23 men killed, wounded or missing, with nearly 40 horses killed or disabled. The gallant services of this battery and Guenther's fighting by its side, were conspicuous, demanding the attention of the general officers, while General Eosseau, specially noticing them in his report, says: " As the enemy emerged from the woods in great force, shouting and cheering, the bat- teries of Loomis and Guenther, double-shotted with canister, opened upon them. They moved straight ahead for awhile; but were finally driven back with immense loss. In a little while tliey rallied again, afid, as it seemed, with fresh troops again assailed our posi- tion, and were again, after a fieijpe struggle, driven back. " This high compliment to their fighting qualities is strongly indorsed in the " Eebellion Eecord," by Mi*. Greeley, who says: " After debouching from the cedars, Loomis and Guenther could find no good position for their batteries, and the whole line fell back under severe fighting, the left wing flat upon the ground, the right covered by a crest. The two batteries now swiftly wheeled into favorable positions and poured double-shotted canister into the enem5^ The 23d Arkansas was literally swept away by their devouring fire. Loomis and Guenther were wild with delight at their success. The baffled enemy came no farther. The field was red with the blood of their slain. " A correspondent of the New York Herald wrote : " Colonel C. O. Loomis is the envy of all artillerists. He is not only the quickest among them, but the most lucky of artillerists. On Friday morning the calm was broken by an attack being made upon his artillery in Eosseau's division, in which Loomis com- mands four batteries. They drove m our pickets with a small force of infantry, and planted two batteries on either side of the Murfreesboro road, and opened briskly on Eosseau's camp. Loomis immediately ordered out Captain Stone's 1st Kentucky and his own famous 1st IMichigan Jiattery, and replied to them. The cannonading for a few moments was terrific. From my position to the right and out of danger, 1 could very plainly see the rebel guns, and beyond them as distinctly the town of Murfreesboro, and a redoubt about a mile this side. The whole rebel line fiew to arms at this tremendous cannonading, as did our own, and the men felt that another terrible drama was about to be enacted. But the infantry was restrahied, and the artillery was left to do its work. General Itosseau, who knew the stuff of which Loomis was composed, sent him word to let them go away unharmed. Loomis promised to obey, and kept liis word. After a quarter of an hour's work, five pieces of a brass-gun battery were dismounted and the battery almost destroyed. The remaining gun liujbered up and disappeared. The sec- ond battery was receiving admonitions to leave, Avliich they took in good part and disap- peai-ed to the right, leaving the road — alojig which our shots fell thick and fast— in utter disgust. I cannot say wliat the rebels lost hero in kiUod and wounded, but can speak pobitively as to the loss of live guns. Our own loss in killed was reported to me at 23, MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 615 (Mid 127 wounded. When the "War Department oomes to sum up Its heroes and the honors to be conferred, let it not, if heroes overbalance the honors, blot out the name of that admirable soldier and unflinching patriot who bears the name of Loomis." A special correspondent of the Advertiser and Tribune wrote: " On the 26th of December, 18C3, we took up the Uno of march from Nashville to Mur- freesboro. The day was a cold and sullen one. About noon we arrived at Nolansville, a small village eighteen miles i'rom Nashville, and found the place deserted with the oxoep- tion of a tew families. Several of the houses were badly damaged by our artillery firing on the rear guard of the enemy. Cannonading being hoard on our left and front, we cau- tiously advanced three miles further, and formed a line of battle. Our division was kept in reserve and consequently in the rear. The rebels, however did not make a stand, and after two hours spent shivering under a drenching rain we fell back about a quarter of a mile and encamped for the night. '* On the following day wo struck tents, but it was lato in the afternoon before we could move on. Our division took a mountainous and extremely muddy road leading into the Murfreesboro pike, and about 11 o'clock we bivouacked for the night. "The next morning we resumed our marcli and reached the pike about ten miles from Murfreesboro. Cannonading could distinctly be heard occasionally. About dark we encamped within one and a half miles of the enemy's lines. "December 31st. This morning we moved up in front of the enemy. Our left wing was commanded by General Crittenden, the right by General McCook, and the center by General Thomas, We were among the troops composing the center. The river at this point is shaped similar to a horse shoe. The rebels occupied the north side in our front, their line of battle extending across the middle of the shoe. About 10 o'clock the firing became brisk on both sides, especially in a thick cedar grove on the right of the field. Here an accident occurred which came very near proving disastrous to our cause. Early in the day Jolinson's division, which composed part of the right wing, was surprised, and the whole wing driven back nearly two miles, with a loss of a brigade and two or three batteries captured. This left us exposed to a tcirible cross fire. Our infantiy in the cedars were driven back in a perfect panic, while it was only through the skillful manage- ment of Colonel Loomis that we got out of this slaughter-pen safe and without the loss of a gun. A large portion of our infantry were running panic-stricken in all directions, while we were obliged to fall back half a mile. Presently a few of the batteries were planied in different parts of the field and then opened a most galling fire on the enemy. Our battery, which was stationed in a most important and perilous position, drew forth re- peated praises for the terrible execution it did among the enemy's infantry. The battery was recognized by the rebels and a most desperate attempt was made to take it. It was a terrible charge, but a most disastrous one for them. Every man of the battery stood bravely and firmly at his post, while the bullets flew around us like hail. Some of the guns were double-shotted with canister, and the firing became most rapid, the rebels fall- ing by hundreds. A small party of rebels was seen emerging from the woods, bearing a white handkerchief. The firmg was stopped and thoy surrenderee!. Their brigade colors, which they bore, were takenfrom them by an ollicer of the 10th AVisconsui Infantry. General Bosseau declared that we should have the flag. The prisoners slated that out of six thousand men that chaiged the battery, they were all that weie hjft — about fifteen. Thus the center, and perhaps the whole army, was saved from a most disgracelul defeat. "We remained on the battlefield over night. As the night was wet and chilly, and fires were prohibited, we suftered severely. The cold was so intense that the men could not sleep. Accompanied by a few comrades, I took a stroll over the field. Vie witnessed some horrible sigiits. Mangled and mutilated forms lay in all duections, and the air was filled with the groans of the wounded. In a conversation with a few of the rebels who lay wounded from our canister, I learned that a large number of tlioir Tennessee troops have mutinied and refuse to fight any longer. They have no hopes of gaining their inde- pendence. Some of our boys took them some coffee and crackers. "New Years was spent in quietness with the exception of slight skirmishing In front. The next day a most desperate struggle ensued on the left. The rebeib wfi«' driven back, and routed with terrible loss. This was a splendid victory, and richly repaid u.k lor Lho disgraceful defeat of our right wing. When the news was brought to the (.entfr the air was filled with deafening cheers from the troops, while there miglit have brt-n sei-n a fitlte band of men standing bravely at their posts by the guns, headed by CoIoikm Loomis, with hearts overflowing with gratitude, givuig ' seven and a tiger ' lor MidiiKau and Lho i'ederul army. Well may she be proud of that noble band -Loomis's Battery." It reinained in camp near Murfreesboro until June i.'4tli, 1803, when it moved with the advance ot tlie army under KosecrauB. Un ilie '«.'i»tli it silenced 516 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. the batteries of the enemy at Hoover's Gap. Between the 4th and 19th of iSeptember it crossed the Tennessee river, Kaccoou and Lookout mountains, having on the way a skirmish at the foot of Lookout mountain. At Chickamauga, September 19th, the record is nobly maintained and ahuost ended. There, sooner than abandon its position, it suffered nearly annihilation, making one of the most determined defenses on record, dealing to the rebel hosts, pressing up in masses to the muzzle of the guns, utter destruction within its entire range, but finally had to surrender tlie guns so dearly prized, Lieutenant Van Pelt, its commander, fighting most heroicuily for their preservation, and dying by their side. " Fell as he was in act and mind, He left no bolder heart behind; Then give him, for a soldier meet, A soldier's cloak for a winding sheet." Mr. Greeley, in noticing this great struggle on the 19th, says: "It was now 9 A. M., and while Baird and Brannan were making the required move- ments, Palmer's division of Crittenden's corps came up and took position on Baird's right. By 10 A. M. Croxton's brigade of Brannan's division had become engaged, driving back FoiTest's cavalry, when Ector's and Wilson's infantry brigades were sent in by "Walker to Forrest's support. Croxton, of course, was brought to a dead halt; but now Thomas sent up Baird's division, and the rebel brigades were hurled back badly cut up. Here- upon Walker, in turn, sent up Liddel's division, making the odds against us two to one, when Baird was in turn driven, the rebels charging through the lines of the 14th, 16th, and 18th U. S. regulars, taking two batteries. " One of the batteries here lost was the 1st Michigan, formerly Loomis's, regarded by the whole army with pride, and by those who served in it with an affection little short of idolatry. It had done yeoman service on many a hard-fought field, and was fondly regarded as well nigh invincible. But now abandoned by its supports, who recoiled before a rebel charge in overwhelming force, with aU its horses shot, and most of its mea killed and wounded, it could not be drawn off, and was doomed to be lost." The entire loss of the battery at Ohickamauga was 1 officer and 13 men killed or wounded and 13 missing, while about 50 horses were killed or disabled. The above statement is incorrect so far as it relates to the loss of guns. The entire battery was not captured, one gun being brought from the field. After the death of Captain Van Pelt an aid-de-camp delivered orders to the battery to retire and save themselves if possible. The rebels at this time, in considerable force, had entered the space occupied by the battery, and were really in possession of some of the guns, and it was found impossible to hold the position, and at the same time just as impossible to save all the guns by retiring. However the attempt was made, but as over 60 horses had been killed or disabled the guns could not be moved. One gun, the horses of which had been somewhat sheltered by timber, escaped injury. The cannoneers of this piece hurriedly ran it back to the limber, "limbered up," and ran the piece off. This was the only gun brought from the field. Lieutenant A. H. Bachman had charge of the section to which this gun belonged. In the saving of this piece much credit is due to Sergeant H. E. Burchard, afterwards pro- moted to a lieutenaiitcy for bravery and great detei'miuation in his efforts to save it, and that, too, in the face of the enemy. Lieutenant Bachman, while retiring with this part of his section, turned on the rebel colonel commanding the advancing f jrce, rapidly pressing the gallant little squad in overwheiiniug numbers. Biieliman attempted to fire upon him, but, most singularly, every cap exploded in its turn, but there was no discharge ; and, more singular still. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 51? when he got from the field he recapped his revolver and every barrel discharged. Bachman says it was a happy miss for him, for if his revolver liad gone off the colonel wonld most certainly have fallen, which would have at once brought a volley upon him and he would have been numbered among the dead of Chickamauga. The strong attachment of the men to this battery and all that belonged to it was most forcibly illustrated on this occasion by John W. Streeter, after- wards a lieutenant, now a physician in Chicago. After the retired gun was safely out of shot range he noticed that the sponge bucket, in the hurrv to get from under the rebel fire had been forgotten ; he at once returned again to the field, exposed to the enemy's fire, and brouglit it safely back to his gun. The loss of these guns, so long their every day companion, and their defenders at Perryville, Stone lliver, and Chickamauga, was a source of irredeemable sorrow, and they clung to the saved one like a mother to a saved child, when all but that one had perished in the storm of the angry sea. But they were not doomed to mourn always; time was passing, and with it was to come their relief. Towards evening of the first day's battle one of the guns was delivered them with three caissons, with one disabled limber. Next morning it was ascertained that two more of the guns had been recaptured and were out some distance on tiie pike. Lieutenant Wilber, then in command of the battery, and a squad of men went out and secured them. This gave tlie battery four of the guns with caissons, but they were unfit for service and so reported to General Rosecrans, who ordered the battery to Chattanooga. The third day of the battle the battery reported two guns fit for service and went to the front but did not become engaged, and were returned to Chattanooga and assigned to a position near the railroad in front of Mission Ridge. For the most valuable of this account regarding Cliickamauga the compiler is indebted to Mr. James T. Beadle, of Detroit, who was a member of the battery from its organization and was present in all its engagements, including Chickamauga, its greatest and its last. At the battle of Mission Ridge, one more of these guns was recaptured and returned and after the fall of Atlanta another was received, making up the entire number captured at Chickamauga. Extract of a letter written to Colonel Loomis by Brigadier General Willich, formerly Colonel 32d Indiana, dated Chattanooga, October 1st, 18G3 : "Is it fate, synipathy, or was it accident? On the moniin;; of the first day's battle (Chtcliumauga; General Thomas's lines were brokou aud live pieces of your artillery (Battery A) captured. The 2d division, viith my brigade, the 32d Indiana leading on the right, came to the rescue. Your own shell and canister were hurled Into our ranks, aimed by rebel gunners. With bayonets fixed we charged their lines aud drove them one aud a quarter miles, retaking the five pieces from them. The 32d Indiana recaptured two guns, the *19th Ohio also took two, and the 89th Illinois one. Had wo known at the time these guns were a portion of your battery, the rebels would have been greeted with a hurrah for old Loomis." Although General "Willich undoubtedly captured the number of guns men- tioned in his letter, yet, according to the statements made by members of the battery and which is uiKiucstionably correct, he could not have taken more than three guns of the Loomis battery. A correspondent of the New York Herald wrote as follows: " Attached to Scribnor's Brigade was the famous Loomis Batten,-,— that gallant gentle- man no longer in command, but he hud a worthy successor; and, though the battery no longer exists but to be turned against us, Looujis may feel proud that liis battery and meu expired in a blaze of glory. Lieutenant Van Pelt, in command of the buLtory, in 518 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. dying at his guns, has given to the history of the war an incident which will form one of its brightest pages. Men grow to be attached to their guns — the natural result of that feature of disciphne which inculcates the maxim that it is a great dishonor to lose a bat- tery. Van Pelt was proud of his guns. They had grown to be a terror to the enemy. They had figured in the war as the originator of rebel fears much in the same sense that gunboats had. The rebels talked of Loomis's battery as excuses for defeats, and^magni- fied every force whom they fought by speaking of ' Loomis's Battery ' as a ' part of the enemy's force.' The men, too, loved the guns, and many sealed their devotion on that day with their blood; and principal among them was Van Pelt. With his horses killed, his men dead, and his supports overwhelmed and driven back, the enemy rushed upon his battery. Van Pelt, as the last act of his young life, drew his sword and sprang to the front of his pieces with that inexplicable frenzy which inspires with strength as with cour- age; he cried (so his men say), with a voice of thunder, ' Don't dare to touch 'em!' On the inexorable wave of glistening bayonets surged, over and past him, burying him under his lost guns. " A correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette says of the battery in the same engagement: " The 2d, 33d, and 94th Ohio, the 38th Indiana, the 10th Wisconsin, and Loomis's Bat- tery are composed of the best material in their respective States, and their commander, Scribner, succeeded in infusing into them his own magnanimous and gallant spirit. Gath- ering together their broken ranks under the infernal fire which every instant mowed them down, and following their heroic leader, they charged the dense legions surrounding them, and like a whirlwind in a forest tore their way through. "But alas! the guns of the immortal 1st Michigan Battery were left behind— those black, stern-looking, rifled cannon, each one of whom I had come to regard with a feeling of almost reverential awe. I had seen them flinging destruction into the ranks of the traitors, and never knew them once turned against a legion of my country's enemies which they did not scatter like leaves before the blast. Even in the opinion of the rebels themselves, Loomis had made these guns invincible. They were commanded now by a young man who, possessing naturally the noblest qualities, had thoroughly learned the lessons of his teachers, and promised to prove a most worthy successor, even to Loomis himself — Lieutenant Van Pelt. Van Pelt loved his pieces with the same unselfish devo- tion which he manifested for his wife. In the desperate conflict which broke around Scribner's brigade, he managed the battery with much dexterity and coolness, and for some moments rocked the very trees over the heads of the rebels by the fiery t>lasts from his guns. But his horses were shot down. Many of his artillerists were killed or wounded. The infantry supporting him had been compelled to turn and cut their way through the enemy, and a horde of traitors rushed up to the muzzles of the now harmless pieces. Van Pelt, almost alone, stationed himself in front of them and drew his sword. ' Scoun- drels,' said he, 'dare not to touch these guns!' The miserable barbai-ians, unable to appreciate true heroism, brutally murdered him where he stood. The history of the war furnishes not an instance more touching or more sublime than the death of Lieutenant Van Pelt. . "All the guns of the battery save one fell into the hands of the enemy." The battery was stationed at Chattanooga during 1864, twenty-two of the members having re-enlisted as veterans in January of that year. Up to the close of the war it remained at that point, having been in com- mand of Lieutenant Francis E. Hale from October, 1863, until the 18th of June, 1864, when Lieutenant A. W. Wilbur again assumed command, retain- ing it until the muster out of the battery. While in service it had encountered the enemy at Rich Mountain, W. Va., July 11, 1801; Elkwater, W. Va., September 11, 12, 1861; Green Briar, W. Va., October 3, 1861; Bowling Green, Ky., February 14, 1863; Perry ville, Ky., October 8, 1863; Bridgeport, Ala., April 39, 1863; Gunther's Landing, Ala., May 15, 1863; Athens, Ala., May 39, 1863; Whitesboro, Ala., June 1863; Stone liiver, Tenn., December 31, 1863, January 1, 3, 3, 1863 ; Hoover's Gap, Tenn., June 35, 1863; Chickanuuiga, Ga., September 19,20, 1863; Lookout Mountain, ^November, 1863; Mission Kidge, Tenn., November 25^ 1863. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 519 It retnrned to Michigan July 13tli, 1865, uiul on the 28th of that month was mustered out of service at Jackson, and soon after wiis paid and dis- charged. The guns recaptured were all identified as those lost at Chickamauga, and the battery was allowed to bring them to ^licliigau where they are now iu posses- sion of the State, and will be highly prized by the people, as relics of the war, and especially as the guns of a battery which rendered sucli galhmt and ellec- tive service to the country, and which reflected so much honor upon Michigan. During its service it had borne on the rolls 311 ollicers and men, and lost killed in action 1 ofiticer and 10 men, died of wounds 1 man, and 25 of disease. Although this correspondent covers some matter already included, yet the sketch being so full it is inserted : " The battery left Detroit on the morning of the 31st day of May, 1861, for Camp Den- nison, Ohio, with six brass guns of six pounds calibre. A short time only was spent in this locality, when it was ordered to Marietta, on the Ohio river, twelve miles above Par- kersbuig, Virginia, and on the Ohio side. From here they entered the Southern Confed- eracy on the 2Uth day of June, by way of Parkersburg, in company with the yih Ohio Infantry, commanded by Colonel McCook, who, it will bo remembered was killed by guerrillas below Wartrace, Tenn., 1862. At Clarksburg the guns were placed in battery to receive in a proper manner the promised visit of Governor Wise, wtiich was, according to appointment, to have been made on that day, the 28th of June. It was notciUied upon however, to begin its career of honor on this occasion, as the valiant commander of Western Virginia guerrillas did not see lit to fulfill his engagement per agreement, and this maiden eliort in the art of war simply indicated the willingness of the men to act when a call should be made. From Clarksburg the line of march was taken up for Kich Mountain, the boas-ted stronghold of that section, and a point Jeff Davis denied the power of 2U,U00 Yankees to capture. It was done, however, with less than one-eighth of that force, led by the gallant McClellan and Rosecrans. In this engagement which took place on the nth day of July, the share performed by the battery was light, but it was there they were tirst under hre. After the capture of this point, the army advanced to Hutton- ville, about twenty-five or thirty miles to the southwest of Rich Mountain, and for a few months were encamped in Cheap Mountain Pass. No engagement was had in which the battery participated while in this camp. In September it was ordered to Elkwater, or Tygart Valley, where it remained for some time. Here it was engaged in a number of skiinnshes, by sections of two guns. At Mingo Flats two guns were engaged with the advance of a rebel army under Floyd. Again, at the advance of the same rebel general upon the works at Elkwater, a section was engaged; also at the battle of Elkwater. During the fight at Cheat Mountain Summit the battery was engaged in dividing the attention of ihe enemy by an attack in the rear. It was at Elkwater the Parrot guns, since so well handled by them, were received, and the old brass pieces turned over to the Quartermaster. A number of Ught skirmishes varied the monotony of camp Ufo at Elk- water, but not until the 3d day of October, 1861, was the battery eng.iged in a pitched battle, wliere a thorough knowledge of its dangers and hartlships was all'orded to mem- bers. Here for six hours, after a march of 3b miles, from the valley on tlie west to the valley on the east of Cheat Mountain, with comparatively no rest, was it engaged in an artillery duel confined withing the narrow limits of Greenbnar Valley, under as hot a fire for a short time as could bo furnished by the rebels, safely ensconced behind their fortifications, in this engiigeinent not a man or horse was lost, not a gun was injured, although the ground through the battery was scared with furrows deep enough for a man to lie ui and be conipleto- iy concealed from sight; and Howe's battery adjoining it on the right lost quite heavily both iii men and horses. From the time of leaving Cheat Mountain Summit, twelve o'clock at luglit previous to the battle, until it was again reached upon the night of the engageiiieut, neither men or horses had rest. Comparatively nothing was done after the return to Elkwater from Greenbriar, excepting an occasional skirmish, and the troops then occupying that valley were ordered to whiter quarters, with tlie chilly expectation of a winter resi- dence in that inhospitable region. This, however, was spared them, as orders wore received to proceed to PhUippi, near the lino of tho Baltimore and Ohio railroad, there to remain until further orders. But two weeks were spent there boloro orders were received to report to General BueU, then cunnuanding the Army of the Ohio, with his headquarters at LouisvUle Tho latter place was reached December 28tli, 1S61, whero a brief rest wua allowed to recover from the fatigues of atrip of about 800 miles by railroiui, 8teaiuix)at, and marches. From Louisville it proceeded to Bacon Creek, whero it roiuoiuod several weeks. While there the battery experimented under General O. M. Mitchell hi t^irgot practice, and lorwarded to the War Departnitnt at Washington a record of the best ariillory shoot- 530 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ing ever made. It was here that the battery first served as cavalry, and in which they exhibited such ability, that on repeated occasions they were mounted and used in that capacity. "From Bacon Creek the line of march was taken up for Bowling Green, then consid- ered the rebel stronghold in Kentucky. This battery was the first that crossed the new brige spanning Green Paver at Munfordsville which had just been completed, and took the advance upon Bowling Green. The latter place was reached on the 14th of Februaiy, a position taken on Baker's Hill, and valentines thrown into the rebel encampment, when they were under the impression that tlie advance of BueU's army was only at Cave City, some thirty miles from them. The rebels were startled from active preparations for a retreat and destruction of all their stores that could not be carried away by the whistle of a sheU, directed at a locomotive steamed up, and over a mile and three-quarters from the battery. Such was the precision of the Parrot guns that the first shell passed through the engine, disabling it and detaining nine others that could not be removed on account of its obstructing the track. A fire so rapid and accurate was kept up that the rebels hurried off before half their plans were completed for either the removal or destruction of their stores. To reach Bowling Green at the time they did the battery traveled twenty- one miles between daylight and noon, the last four miles being in twenty-seven minutes. They reached Baker's Hfil and opened with no support within twelve miles except part of the 4th Ohio Cavalry, then only armed with sabres. From Bowling Green the trip to Nashville was made without an occurrence of interest, further than that a distance of thirty-seven miles was traveled the last day, and their arrival in Edgefield, opposite Nash- ville, with no more support than when shelling Bowling Green. At Nashville, the battery boys as cavalry, had numerous chases after Morgan. From this point to Huntsville, Alabama, nothing further than an occasional skirmishing occurred. While in Huntsville the same mixed duties of artillery and cavalry marked their campaigning. On the 29th of May two guns were sent to Bridgoport, and engaging the enemy assisted in winning the short but lively battle of that name. " The battery was divided most of the time that General Mitchel occupied Northern Alabama. One piece was on a home-made gunboat cruisuig up and down the Tennessee vi^er, another on the railroad and patroling duty, others at various points on detached service. On the first day of August, 1862, the battery left Huntsville, the last of the combined armies of Generals Buell and Mitchell, on the memorable retreat to Louisville, Ky, This retreat did not change its military aspect until Louisville was reached. After two months of alternate marching, skirmishing, and hours spent in line of battle, watching, the latter place was reached, from which point the retreat changed into an advance, and on the 8th of October the battle oi Perry viUe or Chaphn Hills was fought, in which this battery took an active part, sustaining a heavy loss, both in men and horses. Thirty-three horses were killed and disabled in this fight. Only one man, however, lost his life, but 18 men were severely wounded. " After this battle a succession of marches and skirmishes made up its history, until the battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where for four long days and nights the battery was actively engaged, with a loss at its termination of twenty-two men kfiled, wounded, and missing, and nearly forty horses. From this time to the engagement at Chickamauga the usual amount of marching and sku'mishing was done, and a brief and hvely engage- ment at Hoover's Gap, in which the battery participated, forms its history. At Chicka- mauga, however, the last battle in which it engaged, the battery sustained a terrible loss, having more than one-half its members, either killed, wounded, or captured, together with five of its previously invincible guns. " Notes. — One of the horses furnished at Coldwater by Mr. Clark was known in the battery by the name of ' ' Old Sam." This horse was brought back as a relic, and on being released from a railroad car went of his own accord direct to his old stable in that city and into the stall where he had been origuially kept. Sam was given b)^ Colonel Loomis to Mr. Clark, and was the only one left of the orig- inal horses tliat left the State with the battery. From the " Annals of the Army of the Cumberland:" " Diiriiis- tlie liailleol' Friday, at Stone river. General Kosseaii rode up to Loomis's battery and saw tliere a yoiUli of the battery holiling liorses, and in the midst of a very tempest of sliot and shell, lie was so unconscious of fear, and so elated and excited, lliat, being debarred from hetter occupation than holding horses, Ins lugh spirits found vent in sliouting out songs and dancing to the music. The General was so well pleased wiih his whole deportment, that he rode uj) to him and said: ' Well done, my brave boy ; let me shake liands with you.' A few days after the tight General Hosseau visited the camp of the battery, and mentioniiig the circumstance to the com- manding ollicer, expressed a desire to see the yoiith again. 'Step out, McCarty'',' said the officer. The youth came forward, blusliing deeply. The General again commended his conduct, and said: 'I shook hamls with you on ilie hai llelield, and now I wish to do it again in the presence of your brother soldiers. BIny you carry tlie same brave spirit through the war, and come out safely at lusi, as you are sure to'conie out lionoi-ably.' The General again shook his hand warmly in the Xwesence of his officers and of his companions " ♦James McOarty was afterwards killed in the battle of Chickamauga. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 621 BATTERY B. Battery B was organized at Grand Eapids, and was raised with the ?d Cav- alry, but did not go to the field with it. It was uuistered into ilic eervico of the United States with a strength of 110 officers and men, on November 26th, 18G1. Its officers were: Captain, William H. Koss, Detroit; First Lieu- tenant, William S. Bliss, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Albert IL F. Arndt, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, Cuthbert W. Laing, Detroit. It left the State for the field in command of Captain Ross, on the 17th of December, 1801, clothed and mounted, but without guns. The battery first met the enemy in the battle at Pittsburg Landing, April Cth, lS(j-^\ where it became heavily engaged, doing efficient and gallant service, but after a severe struggle, being attacked repeatedly by an overwhelming force, it was cut off from its infantry support, losing four of its six pieces, with 5'i officers and men prisoners in the hands of the enemy, including Captain Ross and Lieu- tenants Bliss and Arndt. A dispatch to the Chicago Times says : "There was more fighting over this battery than any other battery on the field. The rebel troops attacked it under the immediate direction of General Bcaiiiogard, who uri^ed forward three regiments, and who at the time received a bullet wound iu ihe arm from a volley delivered by our troops." Chicago Tribune account: " The fight over this battery was conducted by General Beauregard in person. In his efforts he was wounded in the arm." Following is a letter of Lieutenant Laing, the only officer in the battery who escaped capture, and who saved a seotiou : PlTTSBTTBG LANDING, TkNN., / April loth, li>U2. \ I am sorry to inform you that Captain W. H. Koss and Lieutenants W. S. Bliss and A. F. R. Arndt, together with fortj^-nine men of the Second battery are prisoners of war in the hands of the enemy, with four guns of the battery. I will give a hasty sketch of our action in the battle: On Sunday morning, about 6 o'clock, we heard heavy firing, but it seemed to be some distance from us. We were pre- paring to be reviewed with General Hurlbut's division. At 7 o'clock, when about to sit down to breakfast, the firing appeared to be close upon us. The Captain ordered all out, and in a few minutes we started in the direction of the firing. We had not gone more than a mUe when we came into position and opened fire. The enemy's fine of battle could be seen very distinctly. We were soon ordered to retire to allow the infantry to advance, but after a few minutes we moved forward again, beaiiug to the right. This was on a clear open field. We held this position about an hour and a half, and then retired again, and took another position, beside a log house. Hero was our hottest place; the fire was terrific. Alter this we could not get any support, the infantry were retiring so fast. The battle-field had now extended to our camp. The Captain directed me to get as much of my section away as possible in case of probable capture. I started in company with the orderly, but could only use four horses, with which I started with the I'armtt gun in the direction of the river. I left a corporal to spike the six-pounder should the enemy advance before I returned; but to my astonishment on returning I found the enemy had driven us in over a mile. I could hear nothing of the battery. I then took a direction to the right, when I saw General Sherman, and got in front of his line, but was soon ordered back, and had just got inside of the line wlien lie opened fire. At five o'clock I learned that the batterj' and all the men who were with it were cap- tured by rebel cavalry very near the position where I left them. Our Captain has won quite a name. General Uurlbut says our battery supported liim better than any other during the whole of Sunday. C. W. LAING, Lieutenant 2d Michigan Battery. 66 532 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. Lientenant Bliss, with the other oflficers, was sent to Montgomery, Ala., where he was brutally murdered by a rebel sentinel, May Ist, 1863, under the following circumstances : He had permission, as many others had, to goto a house near the prison to purchase millc ; on this occasion it was for sick officers unable to do so themselves. On this errand of kindness he was «,ccom- panied by a sentinel, and while waiting for the canteens to be filled by the woman of the house, the sentinel roughly ordered him to " hurry up," to which he replied, "Yes, as soon as I get my canteens." The sentinel cocked his piece, placing the muzzle close to Bliss's breast. Bliss said, "I hope you will not shoot me." "Yes, I will, you damned Yankee," replied the sentinel, and at the moment fired. Bliss fell and never spoke again. He lived about three-quarters of an hour. '• After life's fitful fever he sleeps well; Treason has done his worst; nor steel, Nor poison, malice domestic, nothing can touch Mm further." The woman of the house where the murderous act was accomplished made this statement. Soon after she was compelled to leave the country and go North, being satisfied that her own life was in imminent danger ou account of many acts of kindness extended to Union prisoners at that pUice. The remaining section, in command of Lieutenant Laiug, was afterwards connected with a Missouri battery, and was engaged in the siege of Corinth in May, 1862, and at the battle of Corinth, October 3d and 4th following. The officers and men taken prisoners at the battle of Shiloh, having been exchanged, this battery, in command of Captain Ross, left Detroit December 25th, 1862, for Columbus, Ky. It remained in that place, manning the guns in tlie fortifications, until January 4th, 1863, when it proceeded via Memphis, Tenu., to Corinth, Miss., where it arrived ou the 9th. During Jan- uary and February it was joined by the men who had been on detached service with the 1st Missouri Artillery, and received its guns, horses, and equipments. March 9th it marched to Bethel, Tenn. It was stationed at that point until June 7th, when it returned to Corinth. Captain Ross having been promoted to a majority, the battery, in command of Captain A. F. R. Arndt, was transferred from Corinth, Miss., to Puhiski, Tenn., early in November, 1863. In December, 48 of the enlisted men who were eligible, under orders to do so, reenlisted as veterans, and on the ?th of January, 1864, left Puhiski for their promised furlough in Michigan. Ren- dezvousing at Detroit, at the expiration of the furloughs, the battery again left for the field, and reached Pulaski, on its return, February 26th. On the 19th of April Second Lieutenant John J. Calkins, of Battery C, was ordered by General G. M. Dodge to report to Captain Arndt, and continued on duty with Battery B until July 15th following. During this time, with a detach- ment of that battery, he was in command of works at Prospect, Tenn., antl at Decatur, Ala., and is reported by Captain Arudt to have rendered most valuable service. On the 21st of April Battery B moved to Athens, Ala., and on the 30th began its march, via iiuntsville, Bridgeport, Lookout mountain, Chattanooga, Resaca, and Kingston, towards Rome, at which place it arrived ou the 22d of May, having been engaged at Resaca, May 9th, losing two men severely wounded. It had also been engaged at Lay's Ferry on the 14th, at Calhoun on the 15th, and at Rome Cross Roads on the 16th, where Lieutenant Wright and two men were wounded. MICHIGAN IN THE WAS. bZS At Rome the battery found and took possession of four light pieces of artil- lery and five 8-inch howitzers. On the 1-ith of October it left Rome and marched, via Calhoun, Kesuca, Snake Creek Gap, etc., to Cave Springs, Ga., having an engagement with the enemy at Turkey Creek on the 26th, without loss. During the month of October the battery marched 2o0 miles. Its loss in the year being, wounded in action 4, died of wounds 1, and 11 of disease. On November 1st, 18(3-1, the battery lelt Cave Springs, in command of Cap- tain Arndt, for Smyrna, where it arrived on the 0th, whence it started with General Sherman's army on tlie Savannah campaign on the 13th, and on the 22d became engaged with the enemy atGriswold, with a loss of seven wounded, two losing each a leg, and one an arm, and six hor.-^es killed. Captain Arndt being among the wounded. In this affair the battery accomplished most excellent service, distinguishing itself by rapid and elfcctive tiring, doing great execution. In this engagement the brigade with which it was serving, num- bering in all only about 1,500, defeated tlie enemy, having a much superior force, of which from 1,500 to 2,000 were killed, wouuaed, or takLMi pris- oners, while the entire loss of the brigade was not over 80. The conduct of both officers and men of the battery was most gallant, lighting until the last round of ammunition was gone, the horses of one gun all killed, and the piece was barely saved by drawing it from the field by the prolong. Following is the report of Captain Arndt: Headquabters Battery B, First Mich. Artillery, ) In the field, Georgia, iS'ov. 27, 1864. ) E. G. Harlow, Lt. and A. A. Gen'l: Sir,— I have the honor lierewith to transmit my report of the part taken by a section of my battery, commanded by Lieutenant Ernst, in the engagement with the enemy on the 22d Inst., near Griswold. Immediately after the infantry lines were formed I placed my section in position to command the open field in our front and the Griswold road. About 2 o'clock P. il. the enemy formed, appearing on the edge of the woods, near a house. I opened with both pieces on the house with shell, and as the enemy disappeared at that point, I ceased firing. Having then learned the direction from which tlie enemy would approach us, I tried to place one of my pieces in a better position, so as to be able to give a cross lire in case of their advance across the field, though before I was able to cut the road tiuough the thick brush and take the piece to the new position the enemy had re-formed and com- menced tiring quite Uvely, at the same time advancing on our line, which compelled mo to leave the pieces in their position. The following men of my command were severely wounded: Corporal Frederick Beninghoff lost his leg; Private Chas. Baughman lost his right leg; Private Richard Shuman lost his right arm; Private Jesse C. Benjamin received a musket ball through the left arm; Private John Endlick wounded in the toot. The fol- lowing men were slightly wounded: Corporal Wm. Chrouch and Private Jacob Wolf, I consider it my duty to mention the bravery and coolness of my men during the entire engagement, and it is almost impossible to point out the bravest, as each stood faitldiilly at his post until the last round of ammunition was fired. One of the No. 1, \\'. Plumb, continued to load his piece alter the sponge and rammer had been shot to pieces while loading the gun. Lieutenant Ernst, Sergeant Scott, Corporal Onier, Privates Frink, Mclntyre, and Hoyle distinguisrhed thcms<'lves for coolness and bravery during the liriug, and afterwards in taking the pieces from the field, which had to be done by prolong, as all the horses on one piece were killed or in use taking wounded men to the rear. I lost bix horbes, shot down by musket and cannon ball. I was then obliged to leave the lield with the section, as my ammunition had given out, and half of my cannoneers were disabled. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. F. R. ARNDT, Capl. Commanding Battery. Engaging again the enemy on the 8th of December following, at tlio Ogee- chee river, and also in front of Savannah from the 11th to the 20tli. it entered 524 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. that city on the 21st. Leaving Savannah Jan. 19th, 1865, it arrived at Poco- taligo, S. C, on the 23d, and in command of Lieutenant E. B. Wright, started on Sherman's campaign through South and North Carolina, on the 30th, and on February 6th engaged the enemy at Salkehatchie river, and again on Feb- ruary 15th, at Congaree river, near Columbia, and arrived at the latter place on the 20th. Passing through Cheraw March 4th, it arrived at Fayetteville on the 12th, and on the 20th, the battery then commanded by Captain Wright, Captain Arndt having been promoted to a Majority in the regiment, became engaged with the enemy at Cox's bridge, on the Neuse river, and again on the 21st at Bentonville, with a loss of one wounded. Thence it proceeded to Goldsboro, arriving there on the 24tl), and leaving that point on tlie 12th of April, it reached Ealeigh on the 14th, and started for Petersburg, Va., on the 29th, arriving there May 7th. On the 13th it passed through Richmond, arriving at Alexandria on the 19th, and participated in the review of General Sherman's army at Washington, D. C, on the 24th. On the 30th and 31st, its bi.triry was turned over to the ordnance department, at Washington, and on the first of June the officers and men left for Michigan ; arriving at Detroit oii the 6th, they were mustered out of service on the 14th, and soon after were paid off and disbanded. During its service it had been engaged at Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 6, 1862; siege of Corinth, Miss., May 10 to 31, 1862; Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, 4, 1862 ; Resaca, Ga., May 9, 1864 ; Lay's Ferry, Ga., May 14, 1864; Calhoun Ferry, Ga., May 15, 1864; Rome X Roads, Ga., May 16, 1864; Cave Springs, Ga.j^Oct. 13, 1864; Turkey Ridge, Ala., Oct. 26, 1864; Gnswold, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; Ogeechee River, Ga., Dec. 8, 1864; Savannah, Ga., Dec. 11 to 20, 1864; Salkehatchie River, S. C, Feb. 6, 1865; Columbia, S. C, Feb. 15, 1865; Cox's Bridge, N. C, March 29, 1865; Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 22, 1865. The battery had borne on its rolls 235 officers and men, and its loss was one officer and one man killed while prisoners in the hands of the enemy, and 33 men died of disease. BATTERY C. The rendezvous of Battery C was at Grand Rapids. It was raised in con- nection with the 3d Cavalry, but did not take the field with that regiment. The muster into the United States service occurred on the 28th of November, 1861, witli a strength of 109 on the rolls, including the following officers: Captain, Alexander W. Dees, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Richard W. Hawes, Buffalo, N. Y., Second Lieutenant, Robert 0. Sinclair, Hillsdale; Second Lieutenant, William H. Sinclair, Jonesville. The battery left Grand Rapids December 17th following, in command of Captain Dees, for the field in the western army. It was engaged with the enemy at Farmington, Miss., May 9th, 1862, and at the siege of Corinth from the 10th to the 31st of that month. Note. — On the Sherman inarch Battery B captured, at Raleiich, N. C, upon its evacua- jion by the rebels in April, 18G5, asmall brass gun of about 2. 50 calibre, with carriage and lim- Der. The gun is said to have been a part of General "Wheeler's cavalry armament. It has evidently seen much hard service, as it was origmally rilled, but the grooves, although visi- ble, are now nearly worn smooth; the carriage, also, shows marks of long service. This gun had been spilied and otherwise injured before being abandoned, but was put in order by the battery. On the march from Ilaleigh it was drawn by two horses at the head of the battery, passing through Petersburg, liichmond, and on to Washington, every where exciting much interest. It was turned over to the State by the battery on its return to Michigan, aud is now in the armory at Lansing.* MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 525 On September 16th following tlie battery, in command of Captain Decs, was sent from Burnsville on a reconnoissance towards luka. Miss., made by the 2d brigade, 2d division, Army of the Mississippi. About six miles from that place the command was met by the enemy's pickets, which were driven in, and the force advanced. The line of battle was formed on a hill com- manding the country for about a mile. Two of tho guns of llie battery (10- pounder Parrot and lO-pounder howitzer) were placed on the brow of the hill, throwing shot and shell. The other two guns were soon after in position, and the firing continued for about fifteen minutes. Tlie force advanced tlirouf^h an open field below the hill, and, reaching the wood on the other side, turned to the right, when the infantry and cavalry advanced and opened fire on the enemy. The firing was brisk on both sides for a short time, when a retreat was ordered, the battery covering. On falling back to the hill before men- tioned a halt was made; the battery reopened fire and shelled in several direc- tions. On the advance of the skirmishers toward a wood about a mile distant the enemy opened a brisk fire from the edge of the wood, when the battery again opened fire from a 10-pounder Parrot, slielliiig the enemy with such good effect that he very soon left the wood. Soon night came on and the firing ceased. On the morning of October 3d, 1862, the battery, in command of Lieu- tenant George Robinson, with a section of the 8th Wisconsin Battery, all being under the command of Lieutenant 0. A. Lamberg, of Battery C, marched from a point on the Kossuth road, four miles from Corinth, with the 1st brigade, 2d division, Army of the Mississippi, toward Corinth, and took a position southwest of the town. On the morning of the 4th the battery was stationed on the north of the Memphis and Charleston railroad depot. About 4 A. M. the enemy commenced shelling the town, throwing several shells into the battery, but without effect. The battery was placed in position a short distance to the right, and afterwards in rear of General Rosecrans's heiui- quarters, with an Ohio battery ou its right. Seeing the enemy's skirmishers iu front, firing was commenced on them about 8 A. M., when they disap- peared. Later in the day a large force of the enemy appeared, advancing on the right and front of the battery, when it again opened fire, driving tliem back into the woods. They soon advanced in greater force, when the guns were double-shotted with canister and a rapid firo was opened with good effect for about an hour, but the enemy continued to advance. The infantry on the right of the Ohio battery broke, when it limbered up and retired, leaving the right flank of the Michigan battery exposed and without support. The enemy being within twenty yards of the guns, and unable to maintain the position, it limbered to the rear and moved to the south side of the Mempliis and Charleston railroad, and from there to the rear of General Rosecrans's headquarters, when the firing ceased, the enemy being driven back at all points in a very demoralized condition. During the engagement the battery est 11 in wounded and missing, and had 6 horses killed and 8 wounded. On this occasion it acquired a high reputation for elliciency and bravery and as a serviceable and reliable battery. Marching from Corinth on November 2d, 1862, it encam[>ed at Grand Junc- tion on tiie 4ih, and on the 11th marched to Davis's Mills. On the 2yth one section engaged the enemy at Jjumpkins's Mills, disabling two of the rebel guns, and, with the cavalry brigade, forced the enemy into his earthworks at the Tallahatchie river. December 11th, the battery, now in command of 526 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Captain George Robinson, was encamped at Oxford, Mississippi, thence it pro- ceeded to IjaG-range, and returned to Corinth January 7th, 1863, where it was stationed until the 13th of May. On the 20th of April one sectioo accom- panied General Dodge on an expedition into Alabama, and engaged the enemy's cavalry at Town Creek, returning to Corinth May 2d. On the 13th of May the battery proceeded to Memphis, Tenn., where it formed part of the garri- son until the 18th of October, when it marched to luka, and was there stationed November 1st. In March, 1864, it was stationed at Prospect, Ala- bama, and during that month moved to Decatur. It was on the Atlanta campaign and engaged with the enemy atResaca, Ga., May 14; Dallas, Ga., May 27; Big Shanty, Ga,, June 15; Kenesaw, Ga., June 25; Nickajack Creek, Ga., July 1; Decatur, Ala., July 20; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25. From November 1, 1864, until the 12th, it was engaged in the pursuit of the forces under General Hood. On the 15th it commenced the march with General Sherman's army on the Savannah campaign, and on the 9th, 10th, and 11th of December it encountered the enemy near Savannah, and assisted in driving him inside his works. On the lOtii it engaged him all day, and on the 11th silenced some of his guns, dismounting one. The battery lay at Savannah until January 4, 1865, when it embarked on a transport for Beau- fort, S. C, and on the 16th was in camp at Pocotaligo. Breaking camp on the 29th, it moved on the Carolina campaign, and on February 9th came up with and engaged the enemy at the South Edisto river, losing one killed and one wounded, and reached Columbia on the 17th. Near Cheraw, on the 4th of March, it became again engaged and assisted in the capture of twenty-eight guns, and on the 13th crossed Cape Fear river at Fayetteville, N. C, when it participated in attacking the enemy at that i)oint, and in driving him from his position. At South River, N. C, on the 15tli, it again became engaged, and was in position at Bentonville on the 21st, and lay in camp at Goldsboro until the 10th of March, when it started for Raleigh, reaching there on the 14th, and remaining in camp until the 29th, when it then moved, via Richmond, Va., to Washington, D. C, arriving there May 23d, and soon thereafter started for Michigan, reaching Detroit June 13th, and on the 22d was mustered out of service. Having been engaged with the enemy while in service at the siege of Cor- inth, Miss., May 10 to 31, 1862; Farmingtou, Miss., May 9, 1862; luka. Miss., September 17, 19, 1862; Corinth, Miss., Octobers, 4, 1862; Lumkin's Mills, Miss., November 29, 1862; Tallahatchie, Miss., November — , 1862; Town Creek, Ala., April, 1863; Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864; Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864; Big Shanty, Ga., June 15, 1864; Kenesaw, Ga., June 25, lb64; Nickajack Creek, Ga., July 1, 1864; Decatur, Ala., July 20, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1884; near Savannah, Ga., December 9, 10, 11, 1864; South Edisto, S. C, February 9, 1865; Clieraw, S. C, March 4, 1865; Fayetteville, N. C, March 13, 186*5; Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 1865. This battery had carried on the rolls 239 officers and men, losing 2 men killed in action, 1 died of wounds and 31 of disease. Out of the above 53 had reenlisted as veterans. BATTERY D. Battery D was organized with the lltii Infantry and had its rendezvous at MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 627 Cold water. It was mustered iuto the service of the United States, September 17th, 18G1. Its officers were: Captain, Alonzo F. Bidwell, Coldwater; First Lieutenant, Josiah W. Church, Coldwater; First Lieutenant, James M. Beedle, Union City; Second Lieutenant, Henry B. Corbin, Union City; Sec- ond Lieutenant, William Green, Wayne, Indiana. The battery left its reudezvous at Coldwater, December 9th, 18G1, taking the route to Kentucky. There are no records of its movements prior to June 2Cth, 1863, when it is reported as being in couimand of Captain Cliurch, Captain Bid well having resigned August 2d, 1862. It was engaged in the action at Hoovei-'s Gap, Tenn., on June 26th, 1863, and in the battle of Chickamauga, on the 19th and 20th September following. At Hoover's Gap it inflicted severe damage upon the enemy. Its loss in this action was one wounded. At Chickamauga it was heavily engaged, and overwhelmed by numbers had to abandon Ave of the pieces, bringing off a twelve-pounder howitzer. Its loss was nine wounded and three missing, Captain Church being among the wounded. A correspondent wrote as follows : "This battery was hotly engaged early in the battle of the 19th, being with the let brigade, 3d division, Idth corps. " The enemy advancing, the battery fired shell until they were within 200 yards, when seeing the support on the left break, it was ordered to double shot the guns with canister, and by firuig low and rapid, with the help of the infantry support on the right, the enemy were soon driven from our entire front, so far as could bo seen. " On the 20th at about 12 o'clock at night the battery was in the front line on the right of the 7th Ohio Infantry and on the left of the 11th Michigan Kegiment, belonging to Col- onel Stanley's brigade of Negley s division, and remained there until after dayliglit, after changing position several times with but little firing, until it arrived at the latter position. It had been in this position for about an hour when orders were received to limber up, the fighting being heavy on the left and gradually advancing in front upon the battery. "Wliile this was being accomplished the enemy attacked, and were immediately engaged as they advanced, having an enfilading fire on a portion of his force, and by hard firing for about fifteen minutes his advance was checked and a battery silenced which had been playing on the line. Firing then ceased for a short time, and until the enemy again engaged. The front was held in good order for some twenty minutes, when the enemy again ad- vanced obUquely on the right and in such overwhelming numbers that the support on the right was obliged to give way while endeavoring to change their front. The enemy was then so near that Captain Church ordered the guns double shotted with canister, which kept them back for a short time. The 7th Ohio having fallen back, the 82d Indiana advanced to the Une as a support, taking possession of a slight rail breastwork; but the firing proving too heavy for so small a body of men to contend with, they were obliged to fall back. All sui)port having failed and many horses shot, orders were given to move the pieces off by hand, and four were retired about fifty yards. Here three of them were limbered up with much difficulty under a most galling fire, and got away, moving to a ridge in the rear where the reserve artillery was posted. Fighting continued hero, and all that was saved of the batterj' was a twelve-pounder howitzer, having been obliged to abandon the other guns for want of horses, when Cajjtain Church, with what was left of his battery, moved to the rear on the Chattanooga road." Another correspondent wrote as follows: "No battery was more skillfully handled nor did better execution on that bloody battle- field than Church's, and although five of his guns wero captured after the horses were killed, ho has the proud satisfaction of hearing it said by his superiors tliat ' no commander could have fought longer under like circuuibtances, nor retreated from tlie field with more honor.' He maintained his position until the last, and made terrible liavoc among the rebel masses. At every discharge of his pieces— and the mosseiigerb foUcwed each other in quick succession — wide gaps were opened in the ranks of thu maddened foe; and, strange to say, they as often closed sucli gaps' as regularly as on dress parade. ""S\'hen the rebel General Treston, who led the charge, got possobsion of the guns, ho looked around and inquired of a wounded soldier lyhig on the grouml, whose battery It was. 'Captain Church's Michigan Battery.' 'Well.' said ho, 'if you live to see Captain Church, give him my compliments, and tell him that ho had the d— est buttery that I over 628 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. fought. I have lost over 400 men in taking it; but thank God, I have got it now, and mean to keep it." On the 1st of November, 1863, this battery was lying in camp at Chatta- nooga, Ti^nn. It was, on the 33d, furnished with a battery of ^0-pounder Par- I'ot guns, and took position in Fort Negley, one of the principal forts in the line of works at Chattanooga, and immediately in front of that place. The battery, from Fort Negley, shelled the enemy during the battles of tlie 23d, aith, and 25th of November. On the 24tii it aided in covering Hooker^s advance up Lookout Mountain, and on the 25th the assault on Mission Kidge. On the 5th of December the battery left Chattanooga for Nashville, where it remained during the winter. On the 30th of March, 1864, it was ordered to Murfreesboro, where it remained during the year, occupying "Redoubt Braunen," the flao- station of Fort Kosecrans. The battery was then in command of Captain H. B. Corbin, Cap- tain Church having been promoted to a Majority in the regiment. While the rebel General Hood was operating against Nashville, his right resting near Murfreesboro, the battery was engaged with his forces at various times, from the 12th to the 16th of December, 1864. It continued on duty at Fort Eosecrans until July 15th 1865, when it pro- ceeded in command of Captain Jesse Fuller, to Michigan, reaching Jackson on the 22d. It was mustered out of service on the 3d of August, and was soon thereafter paid off and discharged. It had been in engagements at Hoover's Gap, Tenn., June 26th, 1863; Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 20, 1863; Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 23, 24, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863 ; Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 12 to 16, 1864. While in service it had borne on its rolls 334 officers and men, and had lost 1 man killed in action, 1 died of wounds, and 38 of disease. BATTERY E. The rendezvous of Battery E was at Marshall, and was recruited with the Engineers and Mechanics. It was mustered into the service of the United States December 6th, 1861, with Captain John H. Dennis, Grand Rapids; First Lieutenant, John G. Ely, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Jerome Burns, and Second Lieutenant, Peter De Vries, Adrian, were mustered at Nashville, Tenn., after the battery had arrived there. It left the State December 17th, 1861, going diiectly into the Western Army, and was engaged at Pittsburg Landmg, April 7th, 1862, in command of Captain Dennis, and at Fort Riley, Tenn., on tiie 20th September follow- ing, while in command of Captain John G. Ely promoted, in place of Dennis resigned. The battery was in garrison at Nashville, Tenn., November 1st, 1863, and it remained there constituting part of the artillery reserve until the first of June, 1863, when it was attached to General Hard's brigade, and ordered to Murfreesboro. Remaining there three montiis the brigade was ordered to Nashville, where it was on service during the balance of the ye^ir. Fifty-seven of this battery reenlisted as veterans, receiving the customary furlough, which they spent in Michigan. During 1864, while commanded by Captain Peter De Vries, it was stationed at JNashviile. While there one section participated in the raid made in July by the forces under Major General Rosseau, in Alabama and Georgia. This MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 629 section was engaged with the enemv at Coosa July 15th, and at Cheraw on the 2Utli. The battery was serving in Tennessee, and was stationed at Nashville November 1, 18G4, except one section which was on duty at Springfield. lu December it was attached to the 4th Army Corps, and in that month it par- ticipated in the defense of Nashville, against the attack of the rebel General Hood on that point, where it gained an enviable reputation in that im|»ortant battle, and was engaged in ])ursuing his forces on their retreat southward. The battery remained at Nashville until February, 18(jo, whon it was ordered to Decatur, Alabama, where it constituted a part of the irarrison of that place until it was ordered to Michigan for muster out. It arrived at Jackson on tho 16th, and was mustered out of service on the oOth of July, 1S M-as ordered to the front, and took a commanding position for the purpose of dislodj,'ing the enemy from the woods, the infantry having proven itself inadccjuate to the task. The James rifled guns of De Golyer's battery opened, and commenced pouring a heavy firo of sliell into the rebel columns. The enemy now, for the first time, opened artillery upoa us. His aim was good, succeeding in making our infauti-y change position. But his pur- pose was to silence the 8th Michigan L5attery, and he failed in that. Finding it impossi- iDle to silence the guns with artillery, the rebels attempted a charge upon the liattery. A regiment of men essayed the hazardous undertaking, "While they were removing a fence, preparatory to making the decisive dash, the battery opened on them. Our men fired two shells into theii- miil~t, both of which burst among them, kiUing and wounding a large number, and causing the entire column to fall back in disorder. At their inglorious with- drawal our infantry sent up a few rousing cheers, which had the effect of accelerating the speed of the fugitives, and inspiring our whole command with a new zeal and determina- tion to press forward to a victory of which they felt certain, even when the fortunes of the day seemed to turn against them. " The rebels, defeated in their attempt to capture our battery, found themselves com- pelled to fall back to a position immediately in the rear of Farnden's creek. " Lossing says : " During the battle of Eaymond, Miss., the Confederates fought mostly from the woods in which they were largely concealed, but their lire was drawn by Logan's brigade advancing toward their cover, when De Golyer's 8th Michigan Battery opened fire to dis- lodge them; this drew the fire of the rebel batteries for the first time. Finding it impos- sible to silence the Michigan guns, the enemy dashed forward to capture them, but were repulsed with heavy loss by two shells from the battery that burst among the advancing column, when they fled beyond a creek, and, reforming, McPherson ordered an advance, when a severe coullict ensued, ending in a gallant bayonet charge which broke their line! driving them from the creek in great disorder, thus ending the battle which had lasted about three hours, " The battery participated in the fight at Champion Hill with loss, and then was actively engaged in the siege of Vicksburg until its surrender, where, on the 28th of May, its gallant commander, (Japtain DeGolyer, received a wound, which caused his death on the 8th of August following: In addition to the part taken in these actions the battery rendered service la numerous skirmishes. On the 19th of May it anived in the rearjof Vicks- burg, and })articipated actively in the siege of that stronghold. In the actions mentioned and during the siege the battery lost one killed and seven wounded. On October 14th, 1863, the battery, then comnuuuled by Lieutenant Marcus D. Elliott, started from Vicksburg, where it had been stationed, on a hcouC towards Big Black, reacliing theic on the ]oth, and on the 10th opened upon tiie enemy at Brownsville, driving them from tlieir position, and on tiio l?th followed the enemy for some distance; on the 20th again reached Vicksburg. It again marched for the Big Black on November 8th, reaching it same day and encamped, returning to Uicksburg in March, ISG-t, having encountered the enemy at Clinton in February. While at the Big Black 36 members roenlisted as veterans on January Ist, and returned to Michigan on furlough, rejoining the battery again in liue time. In A[)nl following the battery moved via the Mississippi river, to Cairo, and thence entered upon the Atlanta campaign, and up to September let, 1804, had, m command of C p un Elliott, met tijc enemy in Georgia at Big Shanty June 14th, Kenesaw .M' u aiu June 27th, Nickajack Creek July 22d, and was engaged in the siege of Atlanta from that date until the 2iitii August, and 536 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. being also in the engagements at Jonesboro August 31st, and next day at Lovejoy's Station. In September the battery was at Atlanta and on the 31st October following at Chattanooga, where it remained until November 15tli, when it-left for Nashville, and on the 18th arrived there. It was on duty at that point until February 16th, 1865, when it moved to Chattanooga, arriving there on the 19th, and during the balance of that month and the months of March and April it was emi^loyed in building quarters. The battery continued at that point until it received orders to proceed to Michigan for muster out, arriving at Jackson on the 4th of July, and on the 2"^d was mustered out of service. It had borne on the rolls 3:^5 oflfieers and men, and its loss was one officer and two men killed in action, one officer and one man died of wounds, and 39 men died of disease. During its service this battery had engaged the enemy at Thompson's Hill, Miss., May 1, 1863; Kaymond, Miss., May 12, 18G3; Jackson, Miss., May 14, 1863; Champion Hill, Miss., May 16, 1863; Vicksbuig, Miss., May 18, lb63 ; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 19, to July 4, 1863 ; Brownsville, Miss., October, 1863 ; Clinton, Miss., Feb-ruary, 1864 ; Big Shanty, Ga., June 14, 1864 ; Kenesaw, Ga., June 27, 1864; ISickajack Creek, Ga., July 5, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 22, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., August 31, 1864; Lovejoy's Station, Ga., Septemuer 1, 1864. BATTERY I. Battery I was organized at Detroit in conjunction with the 5th Cavalry and was mustered into the service of the United States, August 20, 1862, with officers as follows: Captain, Jabez J. Daniels, Hudson; First Lieutenant, Addison A. Kidder, Hudson; First Lieutenant, Luther E. Smith, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, Lewis R. Gage, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, Thomas J. Limbocker, Trenton. The battery left for Washington in command of Captain Daniels, with the 6th, on the 4th of December, 1862, taking with it a complete equipment and a full battery of guns, four Parrots and two howitzers. Arriving at Washing- ton, December 11th, it at once entered on service with the Army of the Poto- mac. Captain Daniels with his battery first met the enemy at the battle of Aldie, Va., April 2?th, 1863, but without loss, and on the 3uth returned to Fairfax Court House. Participating in the summer campaign in Maryland and Penn- sylvania, it marched from Fairfax Court House to Drainsville, June 24th, thence via Frederick and Tarrytown, Md., to Gettysburg, Pa., where it arrived July 2d. On the 3d of July the battery was engaged in the battle of Gettys- burg, losing 1 killed and 4 wounded. On the 5th it lost 1 wounded. March- ing on tiie 8th, ic proceeded by Cragerstowu and Boonsboro to Berlin, Md., thence by Unioutown and Piedmont to Warrington, where it arrived July 26. Subsequently it moved forward to the army at Culpepper Court House. On the ■^?th of October it was ordered to proceed to tlie Department of the Cum- berland, and November 12th, J 863, the battery arrived at Nashville, Tenn. The battery now in command of Captain Luther K. Smith, Captain Daniels having resigned, remained at Nashville, Tenn., with the reserve artillery of the Department of the Cumberland, until the 7th of March, 1864, when it started for Whiteside, Tenn., a distance of 140 miles, arriving there on the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 537 17th of March. It remained here until the 28th of April, and reported to Gen- eral BuLterfield, commanding the 3d division of the 2Uth army corps, at Look- out Valley. It participated, witli the division, in the events of the ensuing Georgia campaign. At (Jassville, on the 19th of May, it engnged the enemj'^B rear, but without loss. Kesumiug the march on the 23d, it crossed the Etowah river on the same day. One section engaged the enemy at Mew Hope Cliurch, on the 27th, and the entire battery was engaged on the 28th, with the loss of one in wounded on the latter date. On the 17th of June the battery was again engaged near Lost Mountain, with the loss of two severely wounded. Taking position on an elevation near Marietta, on the 21st, it there remained during nearly all the operations around Keuesaw Mountain. It engaged the enemy on the 1st of July, "at Gulp's House." Pursuing them, after their evacuation of the position at Kenesaw, toward Marietta, it became engaged at the latter place, on the 3d of July, with the loss of 3 wounded, 2 of whom died of their wounds. It participated in the battle of Peach Tree Greek on the 20th, in connection with Newton's division of the 4th corps. On the 22d it moved to near Atlanta. Taking position m the line of works, it took part in the siege until the 2oth of August with the loss of 1 killed August Gth, 1 wounded on the 10th, and 1 wounded on the 13th. On the 25th it fell back with its division to Turner's Ferry, on the Ghattahoochee. On the 29th it assisted in repelling an attack on the position at the Ferry, losing 1 wounded. On the 2d of September the battery moved into Atlant;', and took position in the works there, wliich it held until the 1st of November, 1864, wlien it was ordered to Ghattanooga, Tenn., where it was mounted as horse artillery, and formed a part of the reserve artillery. Department of the Gumberland. The battery remained at Ghattanooga, until early in July, 18G5, when it was ordered to Michigan for muster out of service. Arriving at Jackson July 6th, on the 1-ith was mustered out. Ttie total borne on its rolls had been 234 officers and men, and its loss had been 2 men killed in action, 3 men died of wounds, and 24 of disease. While in service it was in engagements at Aldie, Va., April 27, 1803; Get- tysburg, Pa., July 3, 1803; GassviUe, Ga., May 9, 1804; New Hope Ghurch, Ga., May 27, 28, 1804; Lost Mountain, Ga., June 17, 1804; Gulp's House. Ga., July 1, 1864; Maretta, Ga., July 3, 1804; Peach Tree Greek, Ga., July 20, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22 to August 25, 1804; Turner's Ferry, Ga., August 29, 1864. BATTERY K. The rendezvous of Battery K was at Grand Rapids, and it was mustered into the service of the United States on the 20th of February, 18G3, navin^ for ilsollicers: Gaptain, John G. Schuetz, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Adolpli Schill, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, Ghiistopher Hu[)ert, Detroit. It moved from the rendezvous in command of Gaptain Schuetz, with 104 names on the rolls, under orders to proceed to Washington, arriving there on the Ist of March. It remained there until May 23d, when it wais ordered to garrison Forts Ramsey and Bullalo, at Upton's Hill, Va. In June it went to Gamp Barry, D. G., remaining there until the 28th of October, when it left Washington for Nashville, Tcnn., having been assigned to the Army of the Gumberland. It arrived at Nashville November 12th, and remained there us a part of the reserve artillery until the 0th of March, 1804. It then marcheil to Chattanooga, where it arrived on the 19th. The horses were hnre turned 68 538 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. over to the proper department, and the battery ordered to garrison Battery Bushnell, one of the fortifications of Chattanooga. Four detachments were detailed from the battery during the summer and fall of 1864 for service on gunboats and transports. One detachment of 37 men was attached to the 13th New York Battery, and another to Battery I, Michigan Light Artillery. One officer was attached to Battery I, 1st New York Artillery — all in the 20th corps. The remaining portion of the battery assisted in repelling the attack made by the rebel General Wheeler's forces on Dalton. Its headquarters ou the 1st of November, 1864, were at Chattanooga. From that date until March 31st, 1865, this battery was stationed at Chat- tanooga, Tenn., and at the latter date moved to Riceville, East Tennessee, where it remained until ordered to Michigan for muster out, arriving at Detroit July 12th, and on the 22d was discliarged from service. During the war the battery was principally engaged on duty in fortifications, and on gunboats and transports, and had seen much hard service. It had borne on the rolls 208 men, and had lost 2 men killed in action, 1 man died of wounds, and 1 officer and 12 men of disease. " There is a cap in the closet, old, tattered, and blue— Of very slight value it may be to you; But a crown, jewel studded, could not buy it to-day, With its letters of honor, brave Co. K. " The head that it sheltered needs shelter no more; Dead heroes make holy the trides they wore; So, like chaplet of honor, of laurel and bay, Seems the cap of the soldier, marked ' Co. K.' " Bright eyes have looked calmly its visor beneath, O'er the work of the Reaper, Grim Harvester Death! Let the muster-roll, meagre, so mournfully say, How foremost in danger went Co. K. " Whose footsteps unbroken came up to the town, Where rampart and bastion looked threateningly down! Who, closing up breaches, still kept on their way. Till guns, downward pointed, faced Co. K. •' Who faltered, or shivered? Who shunned battle stroke? Whose fire was uncertain? Whose battle line broke? Go ask it of History, years from to-day, And the records shall tell you, not Co. K. •' Though my darling is sleeping to-day with the dead. And daisies and clover bloom over his head, I smile through my tears as I lay it away — The battle-worn cap, lettered ' Co. K.' " BATTERY L. Battery L had its rendezvous at Coldwater with ^he 9th Cavalry and was mustered into tlie service of tlie United (States April 11th, 1863. The officers were: Captain, Charles J. Thompson, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Cyrus D. Roys, Hudson ; First Lieutenant, Thomas Gallagher, Detroit, and Second Ijieutenant, Frederick J. Fairbrass, Hancock. The battery left the State with the yth om May 20th, 1863, for the field in Kentucky, via Cincinnati and Covington. On June 4th it proceeded from the latter point, and on the 6th reported at Camp Nelson. On the 13th it was ordered to Mount Sterling, and on the 16th a section in command of Captain MICHIGAN lis THE WAR. 639 Thompson and Lieutenant Roys, on a rcconnoissance with the 8th and 9Lh Michigan Cavalry, engaged a force of guerrillas at Trijjlett's Bridge, attack- ing and scattering them. On July 4tli following it received orders to remove from Stamford to Lebanon, where Morgan's forces were said to be advancing. On reaching there a section of the battery, under Lieutenant Roys, bjcaine engaged with their rearguard, when they were driven from the town and the battery marched back to Danville. On the 6th itentored upon the chase after Morgan, then on his noithern raid, being atttached to the 8th and 9th Cav- alry, then brigaded together. On arriving at Cincinnati, via Westport, the battery was divided. One section, in command of Lieutenant Roy>, proceeded overland with cavalry and met the enemy at Bulilngton's Islami, July lii;h, where the greater i)ortiou of Morgan's force was captured, this section being the first to open fire upon the rebels at that point. Captain Thompson and Lieutenant Fairbrass had proceeded with another section from Cincinnati up the river on steamers, and done good service in aiding to prevent Morgan from crossing the Oliio. The other section, under Lieutenant Gallagher, proceeded, also from Cincinnati, moving by rail to Steu- beuville, Ohio, and assisted in the final capture of Morgan and his force at Salineville, in that Slate, on the "Z^th of July, 1863. Having returned to Kentucky, and the battery being again united, during August it participated in the movement of the Army of the Oluo into East Tennessee, arriving at Lenoir September 22. On the same day it shelled the retreating enemy at Loudon. September 3d the battery arrived at Knoxville, and moved thence to Morristown, Teun., where it remained until November 9th, when it marched for Bean's Station, arriving there the following day. On the 12th it started for Tazewell, where it arrived after a three days' fatiguing march over the Clinch mountains, the weather being very cold and stormy. On the 18th the battery moved to Cumberland Gap.* It returned to Tazewell on the 25th, thence proceeded, on the 2(3th to Evan's Ford, on the Clinch river, where it served as guard at the crossing until the 3d of December. On the 12th it arrived at Cumberland (iap. It being impos- sible to procure sufScient forage the horses of the battery were sent to the rear and the guns were placed in position in the fortifications of the Gap. The battery, then in command of Captain Gallagher, remained here inactive until the 27th of June, 18ti4, wiien it was again furnisiied with hordes and proceeded to Knoxville, wiiich it leached July 1st. It was here assigned to the 2d brigade, reserve artillery, 4th division, 23d army coii)S, and Cdiiiinued on service at Knoxville. On December yth, one section with 26 men, was detached and ordered to Strawberry Plains, to guard tlie railroad bridge across the Holstein river at that point and on the lUth of April, 1805, it rejoined the battery. The battery ctmtinued at Knoxville, engaged on garri- son duty until early in August, when it was ordereil to Michigan, and arrived at Jackson on the 19th of that month, and on the 22d was mustered out of service. While in service it had encountered the enemy at Triplett's Bridge, Ky., June 16, 18(13; Jjcbanon, Ky., July 5, 1803; Butlington's Island, Oiiio, July 19, 18U3; Steubenville, Ohio, July 20, 1803; Salineville, Oiiio, July 2Gth, 1803; Loudon, Tenn., September 2d, 1803. It had carried on its rolls 2iiU officers and men, and had lost 1 man killed in action, and 1 officer and 24 men died of disease. 540 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. BATTERY M. Battery M was recruited with the 8th Cavalry and partly organized at Mount Clemens. It was mustered into the service of the United States at various dates and its organization was finally accomplished June 30, 1863, with 145 officers and men on its rolls. The officers were Captain Edward G. Hilliar, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Charles D. Culver, Mt. Clemens, and First Lieutenant, Augustus M. Emery, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, George H. Moulton, Coldwater, and Second Lieutenant, George A. Sheely, Detroit. When the 8th Cavalry left the State the battery was yet incomplete and was transferred to Dearborn to finish its organization. During the rebel General Morgan's raid into Indiana and Ohio in July it was ordered, in command of Captain Hilliar, to Indianapolis, having been equipped with a full battery. It left Dearborn on the 9th of July, arriving at Indianapolis on the 11th. It proceeded to Cincinnati on the 13th, but returned on the 17th, its services not being required. Following this service the battery proceeded on the 18th of September to the field in Kentucky, arriving at Camp Nelson on the 20th. On the 24th it marched with a division of troops under General 0. B. Willcox, moving toward Cumberland Gap, reaching there on the 3d of October. On the 6th it marched for Morristowuj arriving there on the 8th, and on the 10th was in an engage- ment at Blue Springs, East Tennessee, but being in the reserve did not become actively engaged, but joined in pursuit of the etiemy to Greenville. On the 7th it fell back to Bull's Gap, and on the 19th to Bean's Station. It remained here until the 21st, when it marched to Tazewell, and thence, on the 22d. to within two miles of Cumberland Gap. On the 2'ith it moved over the line into Kentucky, near the Gap, but on the 1st of December recrossed the Cum- berland mountains and returned to Tazewell, whence it proceeded to Walker's Ford, on the Clinch river, but moved back to Tazewell on the 6th. The battery being in command of Lieutenant Emery, Captain Hilliar then acting as chief of artillery, two sections moved to Cumberland Gap on the 32d of Jaiiuai'y, 1864. On the 27th the left section joined the others at Cumberland Gap. On the 28th the battery occupied the fortifications at Cumberland Gap, where it remained during the remainder of the year, having been dismounted. and armed with rifles. It formed a part of the 1st brigade, 4th division, 23d army corps, then garrisoning that point, and during the winter and folluwing spring joined in the frequent scouts and expeditions made into southwesLeru Virginia. On the 1st of April, 1865, it was transferred to the 2d brigade, 1st division. Army of the Cumberland, and on the 10th of May maiciied, with the other troops of that brigade, to Knoxville, whence it proceeded to Straw- berry Plains, and remained there until July 7th, wiien it started, via JSiash- ville, Louisville, and Indianai^olis, for Michigan, and arrived at Jackson July 12th, and on the 1st of August was mustered out of service. It was engaged with the enemy during its term of service at Blue Springs, Tenn., October 10, 1863; at Walker's Ford, Tenn., December 2, 1863, and at Tazewell, Tenn, January 21, 1864. The battery during its entire service had carried on the rolls 297 officers and men, and had lost 3 men killed in action and 13 men died of disease. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 541 A regimeut of light artillery being limited to twelve batteries, in organizing additional batteries it became neceseary to give them a iiurticular designation, hence the two batteries raised after the formation of the twelve batteries into a regiment were designated as the 13th and 14th. THIRTEENTH BATTERY. The 13th battery was organized at Grand Rapids, and was mnstered into the service of the United States on the 20th of January, 1864. Officers: Captain, Callahan H. O'Riordan, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Cathbert W. Laing, Detroit; First Lieutenant, Charles Dupont, Detroit; Second Lieutenant, George D. Jewett, Grand Rapids ; Second Lieutenant, Richard 0. Wetlierald, Flint. It left Grand Rapids February 3d in command of Captain O'Riordan, and arrived at Washington, D. 0., on the 7th of that mouth. It went into camp near Washington, where it was employed in perfecting itself iu drill until the 14th of May. It was tiien ordered to Fort Slemmer, D. C. During the remainder of the year the buttery was stationed iu that fort, and in otlier for- tifications in the neighborliood of Washington. On the 11th and 12th of July, 1864, in command of Captain Cluis. Dupont, who had been promoted, vice O'Riordan resigned, it assisted in the defense of Fort Stevens agaiust the uitack of the rebel General Early's forces. On the 1st of November, 1864, the battery was stationed in the fortifications of Washingiou, being attached to Harndeu's division, 2d corps, and was doing garrison duty at Fort Reno, until February 27th, 1865, when it was mounted as cavalry and detailed for duty in Marylaud, assisting the 13th N. Y. cavalry in suppressing guerillas, and otherwise maintaining peace in that section. Immediately after the assassination of President Lincoln, it was on duty with the regimeut referred to in Maryland and Pennsylvania, following up the parties who had been engaged in tlie conspiracy agaiust the President and his cabiuet, and assisted in arresting Harold and Mudd, two of tlie conspirators. The battery was dismounted June 16th, and again ordered to garrison duty iu Fort Reno, where it remained until the 19th, wheu it left for Michigan, and on the 2'M it arrived iu Jackson, where it was mustered out of service ou the Ist of July, and then paid off and disbanded. It had borne on its rolls during its term of service 257 officers and men, and had lost by disease 13 men. FOURTEENTH BATTERY. The 14th Battery was organized at Kalamazoo and was mustered into the service of the United States on the 6th of January, 1864, with the following officers: Captain, Chas. Heine, Marshall; First Lieutenant, James J. Kelley, Kalamazoo; Second Lieutenant, Lee A. Humphrey, Grand Rapids. On the Ist of February it started for Washington iu connnami'' i)f Captain Heine, and reported at Cami) Barry, an artillery camp for instruction, on the 6tli of February. It was nmunted ou the 2Uth of April and ordered to Fort Bunker Hill, D. C, on the 15th of May, and remained there until the 2Jil, when it re- turned to Camp Barry, where it was dismounted, and on the xloth moved to 54-2 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Fort Slocuni, D. C. The battery was stationed at this and some of the other forts near Washington, the rest of the year. On the 11th, 12th, and 13th of July it took part in the action near Forts Stevens and Slocum, during the attack of the forces of General Early on the defenses of Washington. ^ On the 1st of November oue section of the battery was at Fort Bunker Hill, one sec- tion at Fort Totten, and one with the headquarters at Fort Slemmer. Since the battery had been dismounted it served as heavy artillery attached to Hern- den's division, 23d army corps. Department of Washington, and garrisoned Forts Snyder, Carroll, and Grebble, continuing on that duty until June l?th, 1865, when it proceeded to Michigan, arriving at Jackson June 21st. On the 1st of July it was mustered out of service. It had carried on the rolls 225 officers and men, and had lost 9 men by disease. FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. " Raise the banner, raise it high, boys! Let it float a^aiuht the sky; 'God be with us!' tliis our cry, boys; Under it we'll do, or die." The organization of the 1st Sharp-shooters began in the fall of 1863, under the direction of Colonel C. V. DeLand, its quarters being at Kalamazoo. In the spring of 18G3 it went into rendezvous at Dearborn. The recruitment of the regiment was partially completed July 7, 1863, when it was mustered into the United States service, with six companies, four other companies being subsequently mustered. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Charles V. DeLand, Jaclfson. Lieutenant Colonel, "William H. H. Beadle, Ann Arbor. Major, John Piper, Battle Creeli. Surgeon, Arvin T. Whelan, Hillsdale. Assist- ant Surgeon, George L. Cornell, St. Clair. Second Assistant Surgeon, Jacob McNett, Grand Haven. Adjutant, Edward J. Buckbee, YpsUanti. Quartermaster, David G. Palmer, Jackson. Chaplain, David A. Heagle, Detroit. The companies composing the regiment were: A. Captain, Levant C. Rhines, Battle Creek. First Lieutenant, George C, Knight, Battle Creek. Second Lieutenant, Guy Newbi-e, Emmet. B. Captain, Elmer C. Dicey, Grand Haven. First Lieutenant, "William Clark, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, Francis "^Vhipple, Hillsdale. C. Captain, Lucien Meigs, Reading. First Lieutenant, Thomas R. Fowler, Jonesville. Second Lieutenant, Albert P. Tliomas, Allen. D. Captain, George N. Davis, Albion. First Lieutenant, Samuel E, Hudson, YpsUanti. Second Lieutenant, Cyrenus B. Knight, Newton. E. Captain, Asahel W. Nichols, Lansing. First Lieutenant, Ira L. Evans, Niles. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Henry "V Hinckley, Lansing. F. Captain, Hooker A. DeLand, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Joseph O. Bellair, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Martin Wagor, Brittle Creek. G. Ca{)tain, Thomas H. GaiTiiey, Niles. First Lieutenant, Moses A. Powell, Niles. Second Lieutenant, Charles G. Conn, Elkhart, Indiana. H. Captain, Andrew J. Hall, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, George Fowler, Fowlei-vllle. Second Lieutenant, William Ruddock. Kimball. 1. Captain, George H. Murdoch, Berrien Springs. First Lieutenant, Robert F. Hill, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, William H. Randall, Pittslield. K. Captain, Edwin "V. Andress, Chesaning. Fir.st Lieutenant, WiUiam J. Driggs, East Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Garrett A. Graveraet, Little Traverse. During the Muigan raid into Ohio and Indiana tiie regiment, in command of Colonel DeLand, was ordered to ludianajjolis, Indiana, and thence jiro- ceeded to Seymour, in the same State. Following Morgan's forces, it fell in (543) 544 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. with and attacked their rear guard at North Vernon on July 13th, and on the 14th at Pierceville, capturing some prisoners. j\I organ had entered Indiana and was traveling leisurely across the State, robbing and plundering, until he reached the vicinity of Seymour, where six companies of the sharp-shooters, about 400 strong, in command of 'DeLand, and two companies of the 3;^d Indiana, at home on furlough commanded by Captain Moore, had been sent to watch the raider. He struck Uupre Station nine miles south of Seymour which he sacked and burned. As soon as noti- fied of this act DeLand placed his command in box cars and went to the relief of the town, but found on arrival there only the rebel rear guard remaining, the main force having moved on Vernon, 35 miles away. Leaving the two Indiana companies to take care of the burning village, DeLand with his other six companies returned to Seymour, where he took a train for Vernon, and from there marched four miles to North Vernon. On his arrival he found the citizens parleying with Morgan's flag of truce, about the surrender of the place, the whole rebel force being in camp about three or four miles out. DeLand paid no attention to the flag of truce, but marched directly through the town about 4 P. M. on July 12th. Of course the rebs with their flag took to their heels and made for their camp. DeLand at once pushed his entire force out by companies to- picket all the roads, retaining only the drum corps as a reserve with about three hundred citizens who were armed and equipped with guns and ammunition from an extra supply on hand. Morgan put out counter pickets, and thus the forces stood at 9 P. M. DeLand knowing that the rebel force was far super- ior to his, both as to numbers and equipment, resolved to accomplish his pur- pose of saving the town by strategy, and at once went to work. With this in view he en) ployed several teams driving up and down the road to the railroad depot about three miles distant as if carrying supplies, and at intervals during the night made use of the drum corps, playing as though additional troops had come to reenforce. At 4 A. M. of the 13th the sharp-shooters attacked the Morgan pickets on the two principal roads, when considerable tiring for a few minutes took place, but at daylight it was discovered that the enemy had left his camp and moved in the direction of Pierceville. A few of Morgan's stragglers captured said they supposed the town was full of infantry. One oflicer remarked : "We could have whipped you'uns in ten minutes." Thus was one Indiana town saved from the notorious marauder. DeLand pushed on the next day, the 14th, to Pierceville and there had more skirmishing with the rear guard of Morgan, whom they followed on foot in the night about 28 miles to Summan Station, on the railroad to Cincinnati, where the pursuit ended, Morgan having made good his escape into Ohio. Subsequently the regiment returned to Dearborn, where it continued to recruit until its organization was completed with ten companies. On the 16th of August it proceeded under orders to Chicago, where it was placed on duty guarding a camp of rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas. On February 14th, 1864, it was assigned to the 2d brigade, 3d division (Willcox's), 9th army corps, and on March 17th it left Chicago with orders to join that corps at Annapolis, Maryland. The regiment, in command of Colonel DeLand, marched from Annapolis on the 23d of April, and proceeded via Alexandria to Warrenton Junction, where it arrived on the 28th. Joining the Army of the Potomac then entering upon its summer campaign, the regiment left Warrenton Junction May 4th and on, MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 645 the 5th crossed the Rapidan river. On the 6th and 7th it was engaged in the battle of the Wilderness, sustaining a loss of 7 killed or died of wounds, 17 wounded, and 1 missing. Marching with the army to Spottsylvania 0. H., it participated in the battles of the 9[h, 10th, and 12th of May, suffering very severely, especially in the action of the 12th. The casualties at Spottsylvania were 34 killed, 117 wounded, and 4 missing, including among the killed Major Piper. From the Ked Book of Michigan: "On May 9th the 9th corps moved forward In the direction of Spottsylvania, the 3d division in advance, and before noon encountered the enemy, when the lines were formed, the sharp-shooters on the left. Immediately the division experienced severe lightuig; for a time the line wavered, but advanced quickly, gaining ground all day, and on the 10th, with the corps, crossed the Po river, and went into position on the heights southwest of the river, where its artillery commanded the junction of the two great wagon ruads which the rebels had to hold in order to cover Richmond. Heavy skirmishing continued on the 11th, and the height of the fighting was reached on the next day; said to have been ac- knowledged by the generals of both armies as one of the bloodiest of the campaign. The rain having continued for two days, the roads had become totally impassable, and it was only by the mobt persistent and overtasking exertions that the 9th and 2d corps were joined and put in a defensive position. The rebel general, moving on plank and macad- amized roads, took quick advantage of this state of affairs to make a tremendous onslaught upon the 9th corps while thus isolated and unsupported, with a swollen and almost im- passable river in its rear. General Burnside, not waiting to be attacked, initiated the action, and the fighting commenced at 4 o'clock A. M. The 1st division (Crittenden's) in front, assisted by the 2d division (Potter's; , maintained the action until noon, when the 3d division (Willcox's) was put in, when a most determined and vigorous attack was made by the 1st brigade, under General Hartranft, which drove the rebels into their works and gave the Union troops a most decided advantage, and the division was instantly formed and ordered to assault the main line of works, while, at the same time, as was afterwards ascertained, Anderson's corps of the rebel army had been preparing to charge to dislodge the Union troops. " The Federal line swiftly advanced, with a cheer, to the desperate contest. Answer- ing back came the shrill yell of the rebel hosts, as iJf in confident defiance. Midway the space between the two lines of battle the two charging columns met, amid the thick smoke of battle, in a dense thicket of pines; the bloody struggle commenced and almost in an instant after the first shock they became mixed in inextricable confusion, and the charge became a series of furious and unrelenting hand-to-hand encounters. At length the supe- rior numbers of the rebels began to force the Union lines to retire; regiment after regi- ment fell slowly and sullenly back, and the whole left was in retreat. The terrible sacri- fice of the troops attest their valor and the magnitude of the struggle. "On a little knoll, among the thick spindhng pine, where their rifles commanded the country for their fuU range, rallied two 5lichigan regiments — the Ist sharp-shooters. Col- onel De Land, and the 27th, Major Moody, while a little back, in a ravine, was the 14th New York Batteiy, supported by the 2d Michigan Infantry. The combat slowly, sullenly, disastrously rolling down from the left, was bursting upon them, when Colonel Humphrey of the 2d Michigan, commanding brigade, cool as an iceberg and resolute as fate, said: ' Boys, this must be stopped!' The leaden hail pattered and whistled with terrillc furor, but the little band stood firm. More than once the bold rebels laid their hands on the guns of the battery only to be driven back by well-directed volleys. A cheer arose, the rebels were checked, broken, but not defeated; in an incredibly short time they had re- formed, and again the fearful struggle was renewed. On the right stood the 27th, fight- ing with unequalled coolness and bravery; everything on the left of the sharp-shooters had been swept away, and the attack on their front and Hank, with both infantry and artillery pouring in shot and shell, was terrific; but they gallantly held their ground. On the left of the sharp-shooters were a company of civilized Indians, in command of the gallant and lamented young Graveraet, an eilucated half-breed— as brave a band of war- riors as ever struck a war-path; they sulTend dreadfully, but never faltered nor moved, sounding the war-whoop with every volley, and their unerring aim quickly taught the rebels they were standing on dangei'ous ground. The fighting continued on. Near night a rumor runs along the lines that ammunition is gone, and the cry of 'give them the eteel' is received with a cheer. The attack has again been repulsed, and the storm luila; the fight is losing its horrid fury, and with a fearful burst of artiUery it sinks into a scattered skirmish, but not until the darkness came did the battle cease. During tlii.-- fearful and 69 646 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. bloody day Colonel De Land was twice struck and prostrated by the flying: missiles, but, badly injured as he was, remained faithful to his command. The regiment lost 34 killed, 117 wounded, and 4 missing. Among the killed was Major John Piper, a brave and lamented officer, who, after several years' hard and faithful service, fell by a shot through the brain." The regiment, in command of Major L. 0. Ehines, Colonel De Land being wounded on the 12th, arrived on the banks of the North Anna on the 23d of May, where it was somewhat warmly engaged in several skirmishes with the enemy on that day, losing in these encounters 2 killed, 7 wounded, and 5 missing. On the 26th the regiment again moved by a circuitous route to the Pamunky river, crossing it on the 28th, accomplishing on that day a march of 32 miles. It arrived at Tolopotomy creek on the 29th, where it engaged in skirmishing, with a loss of only 1 wounded. June 2d it again resumed the march, meeting the enemy at Bethesda Church that afternoon, but being in the supporting line suffered but little, having but 2 wounded. On the 4th the regiment marched to Cold Harbor, and lay in the front line during the operations there, its casualties being one killed, 6 wounded, and 10 missing. It evacuated the works at Cold Harbor on the 11th of June, crossing the Jiimes river on the night of the 15th. Passing through Grant's great campaign on Kichmond with much credit, and crossing the James river, it arrived with its division in front of Peters- burg June 16th, and on the next day, while in command of Major Rhines, became so heavily engaged and so specially distinguished in charging and holding the enemy's works, and repelling his repeated assaults to retake them, that tliis bloody battle became one of the most prominent events in the history of the regiment. The position of the regiment being on the extreme left of the corps, and the 6th corps failing to connect the line after the capture of the rebel works, a large gap was left through which the rebels poured their troops, and most severe fighting occurred; the regiment most gallantly repulsed the enemy in two successive and vigorous charges, taking 2 officers and 86 men prisoners, and the colors of the 3oth North Carolina, which were captured by Corporal Benj. F. Young, of Company I, who was promoted for distinguished gallantry on the occasion. During the engagement the left of the regiment became completely enveloped, and was placed in a position compelling it either to surrender or cut its way through the rebel lines; the last-named resort was determined on, and having first destroyed the national color of the regiment to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy, then commenced lighting its way out, and finally succeeded in getting through the rebel lines. The gallant Major Rhines fell in this desperate struggle, together with 31 killed and died of wounds, 46 wounded, and 84 missing, including among the killed Captain Geo. C. Knight, and among the mortally wounded Captain Thomas H. Gaffney and Lieutenant Garrett A. Graveraet. The forjner died at Wash- ington, June 20th, and the latter on the 10th of July foiluwmg. Lieutenant Martin Wager was killed in the trenches on June 23ii. From this date to the 30th of July, again in command of Colonel DeLand, it remained in the advanced lines of intrenchments, and was almost constantly under fire. On the 30th of July the regiment led its brigade in the charge on the rebel works contiguous to the fort which was blown up by tlie "mine," and aided in carried the works, taking about 50 prisoners. The rebels having finally succeeded in retaking the works, it was obliged to retire, with a loss of 3 men killed. Colonel DeLand and 12 men wounded and Captain Dicey, of MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 54? Company B, and 33 men captured and missing. The regiment, then in the ]8t division, remained in front of Petersburg until the lOth of August, when it was ordered to move to the Weldon railroad. Soon after it reached there it assisted in retaking a line of works from wliich our forces had been driven. Its loss in this affair was one killed and two wounded. It was also engaged at Keam's Station on the 25th, and was there employed in the erection of works until the 28th of September. On the 30th of September it participated in the battlo of Poplar Spring Church, with a loss of two enlisted men killed and Colonel DeLand, Captain Bellair and 16 men wounded, all of whom were left on the tieid and fell mto the hands of the enemy. DeLand being wounded and a prisoner, Captain Geo. II. Murdoch, of Company I, succeeded to the command, retaining it until December 16th following. The siiarp-shooters being directed to lead the advance of their brigade against the rebel works on the Pegram Farm in this engagement, pushed the enemy out of his first line, but the troops of the 2d division on tlie right falling back, allowed the brigade (Hartrauft's), on the extreme left of the army, and to which the sharp-shooters belonged, to be flanked. Tlie brigade "was assaulted by infantry on the right and by Hampton's cavalry on the left, but held the position for over two hours, when it was forced to fall back, passing through a ravine which was enfiladed by a terrible fire of musketry. In this retreat General Hartranft directed Captain Murdoch to rally Ins men and commence firing, and although the rebel infantry were on the right flank and Hampton's cavalry on the left, yelling, " Surrender, you yankee ," which could be heard in every direction, the regiment rallied and delivered several efl'ective volleys, which checked the cavalry, enabling the brigade to rally on the sharp-shooters, when the cavalry withdrew from the field. The regiment was also engaged at Pegram's Farm October 2d, and on the 8th at Boyd ton Road. On the 27th of October it took part in the movement toward the South Side railroad, and was engaged during the day in skirmishing with the enemy at Hatcher's Kun, losing 5 men wounded. On the 28th it abandoned tne tem- porary works which it had thrown up the preceding night, and returned to ita old camp, where it remained on trench and picket duty until March 25th fol- lowing. On that day two companies of the regiment (I and K), in command of Captain Jas. S. DeLand, of Company K, assisted in rei)elling the assault of the enemy on Fort Steedman, and were in the final charge which drove l)im behind his works on that occasion, capturing more prisoners than they had men engaged, and with but slight loss to themselves. On April 2d, 1865, the regiment, then in command of Lieutenant Colonel W. A. JNicliols and in the brigade of Colonel Ralph Ely, again most signally acquired a veiy enviable notoriety and great credit for a most daring and bril- liant achievement while making a demonstration in front of Petersburg, on the lefL of the enemy's works for the purpose of drawing troujjs from his right while our forces were attacking him at other points. After making twoetlorts, under a very severe fire of musketry and artillery, the regiment succeeded iu getting hold on his works to the extent of its regimental front, which it held for an hour under a terrific tire. The object of the attack having been attained, it was ordered back to its former position, having suffered a heavy loss. On the next day, about 4 A. M., then in command of Major E. J. Buckbee, Colonel Kichols having been wounded on tne 2d, it was again 548 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ordered to advance, under the supposition that the enemy was withdrawing. On moving forward and finding that he had evacuated his works, it pushed on and was the first regiment to enter Petersburg, and while Colonel Ely was receiving the surrender of the city raised the first national flag on the court- house of that rebel stronghold. The capture of Petersburg was long and anxiously looked for, as leading to the immediate possession of Kichmond by the Union forces. It was finally accomplished, the rebel army fled, and Kichmond fell. Michigan troops were prominently instrumental in bringing about the result. Colonel Ely's brigade of Michigan regiments, belonging to Willcox's division (1st), 9th corps, were, as previously stated, the first to enter the city and place their colors on the public buildings, raising one flag on the court-house and another on the cus- tom-house, Colonel Ely himself receiving the surrender of the city from the authorities. The casualties of the regiment while in the trenches in front of Petersburg were 27 killed and died of wounds, and 6 wounded. General Willcox, in the following report of the operations of his division in that affair says : "I have the honor to report the operations of this division in the field from the 29th of March to the 9th of April, 1865, inclusive. " On the night of the 29th of March, at 10.30 o'clock, the enemy opened on my lines, stretching from above Fort Morton to the Appomattox, with aU their artillery of every description, and some muslcetry from their main line. At about 11 o'clock the artillery lulled. I expected an advance of the enemy's troops and was ready to received them, but no attack was made, and a desultory firing of artillery only continued through the night. " It afterwards appeared from the ofiBcial reports of the enemy that they thought that •we had made an attack; in fact Major General Gordon reported such to be the case, and that they had handsomely repulsed us; but, although we were under orders from corps headquarters to be ready to attack, and I had caused to be distributed axes for cutting the eiH^my's abatis, yet no sort of attack was actually ordered or made on our front. "The sensitiveness of the enemy seemed to encourage our men. Preparations were made on the 31st as well as on April 1st for a night attack opposite Forts Steedman and Haskell, and at a point in tront of Ely's brigade, nearer the Appomattox. Through the night of the 2d various demonstrations were made along the line, and the enemy's picket-pits captured at various points, in pursuance of orders from corps head- quarters, made in aid of operations being carried out on the left of the army. "At about 1 o'clock on the morning of the 2d of April, orders were received from corps headquarters to mass one brigade (except garrisons) by 4 o'clock on the same morning near Fort Sedgwick, on the 2d division front, where General Hartranft was to make a real attack with his division and a brigade from each of the other divisions, while, by the same order, I was directed to make a vigorous demonstration along my whole division line with, the rest of my troops at the same hour. "Colonel Harriman was accordingly detached, with staff oflQcers who knew the road, with tools, ammunition, and every possible aid, to report to Hartranft; and this brigade was in pot^ition and formed at the mpment required. " The demonstration along the line begun precisely at 4, by the 2d brigade. Brevet Col- onel Ralph Ely; 3d brigade. Brevet Colonel G. P. Robinson, and Colonel WiUiam J. Bolton, commanding 51ht Pennsylvania, left on the 1st brigade line of entrenchments. Some of the enemy's picket-pits were captured near the ' Old Crater' by Colonel Bolton. The pickets of the 3d and 2d brigades, strongly reinforced, advanced handsomely, the artillery opened vigorously, and large portions of the enemy were down to oppose what they considered a real attack in force. " On the extreme right, near the Appomattox, a portion of Ely's brigade actually car- ried some 200 yards oi the enemy's works; but our lines, two miles in length, were toa much attenuated to hold the ground. iSome seventy-five prisoners were secured and brought in. Three regiments were withdrawn from other points and double-quicked to the point, but before it could be reinlorced the enemy had recovered it. " Tiie effect of the movement, however, on the grand result was most happy, inasmuch as it contributed to weaken the enemy's Une in front of Fort Sedgwick, where the real attack was completely successful. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 649 "For the handsome part performed by Harriman's brigade of this division at the Intter point, I respectfully refer you to his own report and that of Brevet Major Geiieial Hur- trauft, commanding at that part of the line. "Through the day offensive demonstrations were kept up, and the batteries playing In aid of the more serious work of the day going on fuilher to the left. "In the afternoon and evening the enemy strengthened their line opposite me; but about midnight of the 2d reports came up from Colonel Ely, commanding 2d brigade, and Colonel James Bentlifif, now commanding 3d brigade, by virtue of his rank, that tiiere were signs of the enemy's withdrawing from our front, leaving only their picket line. I gave orders to the 2d brigade commanders to press through as soon as possible. " At about 2 A. M. on the 3d, some of our parties broke through. "Bentliff's brigade advanced upon Cemetery hill and Ely's more directly Into town, with a section of Stone's battery. I gave Colonel Ely orders to take measures to at once secure order in the city. " At 4.28 one of Ely's flags, that of the 1st Michigan Sharp-shooters, was raised on the court house, and that of the 2d Michigan on the custom house a few minutes later, and guards were posted about the town. "The 2d and 2(ith Michigan Infantry and 1st Michigan Sharp-shooters were in the 2d brigade, commanded by Colonel Kalph Ely, of the 8th Michigan. " The 8th and 27th Michigan were in the 1st brigade. " The 17th Michigan was acting as an engineer regiment at division headquarters." Colonel Ely's brigade was in the advance on the morning of the surrender of Petersburg, and on reaching the suburbs of that city was met by some of the principal citizens, when they delivered him the following communication which is a verbatim copy of the original now in possession of General Ely: Lieutenant General U. S. Grant, Commanding the Armies of the United States, or the Major General Commanding U. S. forces in front of Petersburg: General, — The city of Petersburg having been evacuated by the Confederate troops, we, a committee authorized by the common council, do hereby surrender the city to the United States forces, with a request for the protection of the persons and property of its Inhabitants. We are, respectfully, your obedient servants, W. W. TOWNES, Mayor, D'ARCY PAUL, Petersbtjeg, April 3d, 1863. CHARLES F. COLLINS. Colonel Ely replied verbally, the people of Petersburg could be assured of the protection of the 2d brigade. The New York Herald had the following report by Thomas M. Cook, for- merly of Detroit, and then on the staff of that paper: " At midnight on Saturday (AprU 2d) General Willcox received orders to make a demon- stration on his extreme riglit, in order to draw as many of the rebels as possible in that direction, and thus assist the attacks that had been planned for the following morning. The demonstration was made with great earuestnes at the same time that Admiral Porter was hammering away with his gunboats up the James river. All the artillery on that part of the hne was ordered into play, and the skirmish hue in front of Ely's brigade was advanced. The moon was yet shining and the night was perfectly clear, so that the attack was distinctly witnessed from the bluffs in the rear. The men moved forward steadily, and soon the sharp volleys of musketry indicated their approach to the rebel lines; the artillery on the heights behind them fired more briskly, the shells sluieking through the air overhead. Then the rebel batteries opened, and the most infernal din was awakened to disturb the placid stillness of the night. Amid the noise and smoke tlie skiiniibhors kept steadily on, meeting with so little opposition that they were enabled to cross the rebel lines, enter their works, capture pri.soners in numbers greater tlian their own, and finally advanced into the outskirts of the town, where they met a strong body of rebels coming out to reinforce the portion of the Une that had just been captured. A brisk engagement was fought here, within the limits of the city; but our nunilM-rs were 80 small that we were compelled to withdraw, and reluctantly fell back to our own lines. Had the troops been at hand to reinforce the movement, instead of being simply a ilemon- stralion it could easily have been turned into an actual atUick, and would have given us then tlie whole left of the rebel hne of works and cut tliom off from Petersburg entirely. 650 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. General Willcox was very anxious to chane:e the character of the affair, but at the criticaF moment he received orders to attack at the earliest dawn of the njorning on his left, so- that he could do nothing more at this tinje. The success of the demonstration gave rise to the report which was sent away yesterday morning, that we had possession of Peters- burg. In the movement we lost a few men only, among them Lieutenant Colonel Nichols of the 1st Michigan Sharp-shooters, seriously wounded. One effect of the move*ment was most excellent. Lee had mobolized so large a portion of his army against Sheridan that there was merely a picket line left here. The demonstration compelled him to recall some of his troops that had been sent elsewhere in order that he should not be flanked here. " So soon as this affair was over Willcox began massing his few available men for the appointed attack on the left. This was to be a combined and determined attack. The object was two-fold — first, by a more earnest demonstration to recall a greater portion of the rebels who were massed on their extreme right; and second, if possible, to force their lines. " The part of the attack assigned to General Willcox was to cany Fort Mahone, one of the most formidable works on the rebel lines, situated at the point where their line crosses the Jerusalem plank road, and directly in front of Fort Emory, where the left of Willcox's division rested. For this purpose the first brigade, Colonel Samuel Harriman, of the 37th Wisconsin, was brought around from the right of the hue and put into position, supported by a brigade of Potter's division of the same corps. While this was being done similar dispositions were making further to the left, and a system of cannon signals had been agreed upon to fix the moment of starting, that all hands might assault simultaneously. "At precisely 4 o'clock the signal gun was heard. It was scarcely gray dawn, and a considerable mist hung over the fields, so that objects wei-e quite indistinct at a very short distance, and not visible at all a few hundred yards away. From this cause the preparation made had been wholly secreted from the enemy. The signal gun, breaking the stillness of the morning, may possibly have been an alarm of danger to them; but as they knew not whence to look, they doubtless simply remained very quiet. " Coionel Harriman advanced at once. A small detachment of his brigade was thrown out as skirmishers, while the rest followed close after in line of battle with fixed bayonets. The men moved very quietly and in perfect order, though manifesting an eagerness of spirit that was an assurance of success. That they went to stay was indicated by their being accompanied by a detachment of 100 men of the 1st Connecticut heavy artillery, prepared to turn and work upon the rebels the guns that should be captured. They passed out into the darkness and all was still. A painful season of suspense followed. Presently a musket is heard, then another, and soon a volley. They have reached the rebel picket line. Now a hearty cheer is heai-d, followed by a roar of musketry. The' cheering and the musketry firing is taken up and runs along to the left untU it is lost in the distance. The flash of the muskets disclose the positions. Instantly the artillery of both sides is at work, and 200 guns belch forth their thunder tones of anger. In the roar of the artillery all other sounds are hushed or drowned. But the work is done. It was done quickly. A second cheer and a second volley fi'om our skirmishers, and the gallant Haniman gave the order, ' Chai'ge bayonets! — double-quick! — charge!' and away the noble fellows went, over breastworks, rifle-pits, abatis, and the parapet of the fort into the main work, and the deed is accomplished. For a moment the thunder-struck rebels looked, and then took to flight. But our brave fellows were too close alter them. They could not all escape. Two hundred and filty in that single work were sent back as pris- oners. Nine guns also were captured, which were quickly trained in duections opposite to where they had been facing and set at work upon other annoying rebel batteries. The glory of the first entrance into the work is disputed by the 27th Michigan and the 1st Con- necticut Heavy Artillery. The former had their colors with them, which were the first set upon the parapet, and hence they have the proof of priority. " The importance of this gallaat achievement, and those simultaneously made farther to the left, cannot be overestimated. It rent the whole fine in two; it separated the right and left wings of their army. If evacuation had been determined upon by them, it closed the main door of oscape for their right whig. Moreover, it took from them conunanding positions of great importance and a large aujount of valuable aitillery. It was not to be su[)i)os(jd that they would yield points of such vital importance to themselves withouC further effort. " Scarcely were wo quiet in possession of the fort, when the rebels, having reorganized their forces and picked up some reinlorcements, came up with a determined elYort to retake it. They made a most desperate assault, standing up manfully against terrific dis- charges of giape and caniir>ter, and withering volhys of musketry; but it was all to no purpose. The heroic little garrison stood their ground bravely and obstinately, while the iuLidery of all our forts sent forth murderous assistance in rapid time. The din of the Urst assault was fully revived. Pandemonium would be a place of rest in comparison to MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 551 the unceasing roar of that artillery, the shricklnp and bursting of so many sholls, the yells of the rebels, the rattle of the musketry, and the linal clu't'riiifr of our men as the rebel lines wavered, broke, and finally went back in disorder. Four times subsequently during the day did they attempt to retake this position, but were each time sent back in disorder. It was in one of these assaults that the rebel General A. P. Hill lost his life, while seeking in person to lead his men up to the works. "These successive attacks and repulses consumed the entire day. Meanwhile, how- ever, the 6th and 24th corps, having broken through the rebel lines in their iront, were swinging around to their rear and coming down both upon their rear and Hank. It was eviilent then that Petersburg was lost to the rebellion. If they (-ouUl not retake these works where our lines were extended, how much less their chance when we were concen- trating and bringing within reach a force so vastly superior to any tliey could possibly muster. The day was up witli them and they knew it; but now their anxiety was for night; ' Oh, for night or Blucher,' they might well cry. "The movements of the Gth corps were so rapid after breaking their lines that even General Lee could scarcely keep his sacred person safe; as it was, his headquarters were overhauled and fell into our hands. It is reported that they were destroyed. Through- out the early part of the night operations were confined to skirmishing, more or less heavy at different hours, along the entire line. The utmost vigilance was exerfLsed, and it was confidently anticipated that the rebels would take advantage of the darkness to get away. Soon after dark General Willcox was sent for by General Parke, and lemained at corps headquarters until midnight, in conference with his superior. At a tew minutes past 12 o'clock the rebels advanced and made a demonstration of attack upon the center of our lines. Scattering volleys of musketry aroused the reserves, who, overcome by the fatigues of the protracted day and night struggles could not avoid sleeping whenever a moment's opportunity presented itself. Quickly the lines were in readiness, and eveiy body at his post. Then the firing increased. Soon the forts opened with their heavy artiileiy. The rebel guns responded briskly. The darkness was intense. A tliick mist hung over the country, mixed with the smoke of the past day's battle, rendering it a night of horrid character. Throuf;li the thick daikness a bank of lurid hght hung over the city of Petersburg, betokening destruction and ruin in progress, and amid it all the unseen attack, the roar of musketry, the thunder of artillery, the cheering and shouting of the soldiers, the groping about in apprehension and fear — who can paint such scenes. "But the attack was of short duration. The brave fellou-s in the trenches knew its import. They appreciated, also, how near they were to a glorious victory, and how im- portant that they should stand their ground without wavering. And faithfully they per- formed their duty, sending the rebels back bleeding, disheartened, discouraged. Then followed a season of anxious stillness. Not a sound disturbed the quiet of that thick black midnight. No picket firing, no signal guns, no attacks or indications of attack; a terrible, momentous, threatening quiet, which only can be appreciated by those who have spent a night on a battle-field. Orders were issued to the pickets to advance and keep close to the rebel fines. "Watch them closely; give them no chance to run; when they start, go after them; no matter for rest — sleep comes after the victory. Vigilance was now all- important. " At 3 o'clock our skirmishers occupied the main lines of the rebel works, and orders were issued for an immediate advance. At 3.3U A. M. horses were saddled, coffee swal- lowed, and away to Petersburg. At 4 o'clock Colonel Ely reported his brigade in Pi'ters- burg. The 1st Michigan Sharp-shooters, leading the skirmis^^hers and pressing hard upon the rear of the rebel forces, were the first to enter the long fought for city. With cheers and shouts of triumph they entered; but the fighting was done. At every step they picked up rebels anxious to surrender, but nowhere any willing to fight. Petersburg was ours, won by hard fighting and determined bravefy. If there be any confederacy left, its peo- ple may seek to give the impression that they evacuated the city voluntaiily. A more complete driving out was never accomplished. A victory more signal and indispuUible has not been gained in this war. The 9Lh corps has made a reputation in this grand suc- cess sufficient, had it never before achieved di.stiriction, to place it among the most gallant coi ps of the United States ainiy. Left alone to hold the okl lines that lormerly had been gairisoned by the army of the Potomac, it not only held them securely, but advanced agaiubl the main rebel lines, piercing them in several places, capturing and hoMing sev- eral forts and a score of guns, with a large number of prisoners, holdintr their advaiitjvgea and contributing to a veiy large extent to the glorious achievement that has crowned the united efforts of the whole army. " 'Jlie 1st division ahme, under General Willcox, In their operations of yesterday, not only held the extended line of two miles and over against all attacks, but tiiemselves attacked the strongest positions on the rebel lines, capturing two ft)rts. niin- guns, nearly l.OUO prisoners, several fiags, etc., and all with a loss to themselves of about 200 men. 552 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR And now they add to their record the capture of the rest of the rebel lines, guns, tents, prisoners innumerable, and finally the city of Petersburg. Glory enough for one division. " General Willcox was in the field throughout the whole affair, and directed the opera- tions of the division, as the result demonstrated, with great judgment and ability. His men have behaved with a gallantry that has been seldom equaled. " My route from Fort Emory into the city of Petersburg was by the Baxter-road, and led directly across the fortifications of both armies. A more difficult ride it was never my fortune to attempt, — covered ways, rifle-pits, breastworks, ditches, etc.; ditches that could be leaped and ditches wide and deep, parallels and cross sections, abatis and entan- glements of every description, — the exhaustion of engineering skill. An entanglement of digging, such as never before was seen, covered the greater part of the distance. For the breadth of more than a mile the country is all dug over. Every manner of earthwork has been thrown up by either army. Corrections of the lines, alterations and changes, have kept the armies busy for a year. It is impossible to describe this vast network of intrenchments from the hasty glance I had whUe riding over them. The civilian cannot better understand than by conceiving a vast system of sunken roads suflBcient for man- euvering armies of 100,000 men, without exposing any above level ground. This is one feature of these extensive works, to which must be added the high and strong breastworks running in zigzag courses, with batteries and redoubts interspersed; and then the advanced picket lines, with the various sunken paths of communication; and behind all the chain of strong forts, with wide and deep ditches, fringed with cheveaux-de-frise, the same as in front of all the other works. " The regiment remained in Petersburg for three days, when it marched to a point on the South Side raih'oad, distant about 20 miles, where it was engaged in guarding that road and on picket duty until after the surrender of Lee, when, with its division, it proceeded to Alexandria, thence marched through Washington and encamped near Georgetown, and on the 23d of May partici- pated in the review of the Army of the Potomac, and returned again to its camp, where it remained until July 28th, when it was mustered out of service and started, in command of Major Buckbee, for Michigan, arriving at Jack- son on the 31st. On the 7th of August it was paid off and disbanded. Engagements — North Vernon, Indiana, July 13, 18(33; Pierceville, Ind., July 14, 1863; Wilderness, Va., May 5, 6, 7, 1864; Ny river, Va., May 9, 1864; Po river, Va.,May 10, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 33, 18, lt>64; Ox Ford, Va., May 23, 18G4; North Anna, Va., May 34, 25, 1864; Tolopot- omy, Va., May 29, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 3, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 17, 18, 1864; The Crater, Va., July 30, 1864; Weldon railroad, Va., August 19, 21, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; Poplar Spring Church, Va., September 30, 1864; Pegram Farm, Va., October 2, 1864; Boydton road, Va., October 8, 1864; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 28, 1864; Fort Steed man, Va., March 25, 1865; Fort McGilvery, Va., April 1, 1865; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 1865; siege of Petersburg, Va., from June 17, J864 to April 3, 1865. The entire enrollment of the regiment was 1,364, of which it sustained a loss of 4 officers and 65 men killed in action, 2 officers and 42 men died of woundsj 150 men of disease ; being a total of 263. •' Such memories hallowed we'll cherish- How precious to die with the bravel O shout, Ne'er can Liberty perish — Her saviors confront e'en the grave." FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY. " To horse! to horse! up, sabres, gleam; High winds our bugle call; Couibined by honor's sacred tie, Our word is law and liberty! March forward, one and all." The 1st Cavalry commenced recruiting on August 2l8t, 1861, at Camp Lyon, near Detroit, the place of rendezvous, the organization of the regiment being under the direction of Thornton F. Brodhead, who had been appointed its colonel. It was mustered into the service on the 13th of September fol- lowing, with 1,144 officers and men on the rolls. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Thornton F. Brodhead, Grosse Isle. Lieutenant Colonel, Joseph T. Coplnnd, Pontiac. Majors, William S. Atwood, Detroit; Angelo Paldi, Detroit; Charles H. Town] Detroit. Surgeon, George K. Johnson, Grand Rapids. Assistant Surgeon, Alfred k! Nash, Trenton. Adjutant, William M. Brevoort, Detroit. Quartermaster, James L David, Trenton. Chaplain, Jonathan Hudson, Trenton. COMPANIES. A. Captain, James G. Stebbins, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Wellington W. Gray, Pon- tiac. Second Lieutenant, Charles J. Snyder, Detroit. B. Captain, Charles H. Town, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Andrew W. Duggan, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Edward Fishpool, New Baltimore. C. Captain, James G. Fisher, Detroit. First Lieutenant, William H. Way, Jr., Pontiac. Second Lieutenant, Ealph Z. Phelps, Lapeer. D. Captain, Josiah B. Park, Ovid. First Lieutenant, Arthur M. Kankln, Essex, C. W. Second Lieutenant, Thurlow W. Lusk, Duplain. E. Captain, William S. Atwood, Detroit. First Lieutenant, William H. Perkins, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Jabez J. Daniels, Hudson. F. Captam, Henry K. White, Lapeer. First Lieutenant, William H. Freeman, Lapeer. Second Lieutenant, Sylvester Shafer, Lapeer. G. Captain, Angelo Paldi, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Frederick A. Copeland, Pontiac. Second Lieutenant, Fordyce H. Rogers, Pontiac. H Captain, Thomas M. Howrigan, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Michael F. Gallagher, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, William M. Brevoort, Detroit. I. Captain, George S. Acker, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, HermaD E. Hasoall, Kala- mazoo. Second Lieutenant, Charles L. Sherman, Kalamazoo. K. Captain, William D. Mann, Detroit. First Lieutenant, James L David, Trenton. Second Lieutenant, Peter Stagg, Trenton. L. Captain, Melvin Brewer, Almont. First Lieutenant, Hasbruck Beeve, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, John K. Truax, Grand Rapids. M. Captain, Rollin C. Denison, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, Charles H. Sprague, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, William M. HoazUtt, Duwagiao. Freeman Norvell having been commissioned aa Captain to rank from- August 70 • (553) 554 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 22d, 1861, was assigned to the command of Company B, on the 23d of November followhig, vice Town, promoted to Major. The 1st, while in Camp Lyon, near Detroit, on September 28, 1861, was made the recipient of a flag from the citizens of Springwells. The presenta- tion was made by the Hon. H. T. Backus, to which Colonel Brodheaa replied in a telling speech, full of burning eloquence and patriotism. The flag was of blue silk, heavily fringed, with the national arms on each side, under which was embliizoned, in gold letters, " First Micliigan Cavalry." On the 29th of September, 1861, the regiment left its rendezvous in com- mand of Colonel Brodhead, under orders to proceed to Washington. It lay in camp at Frederick, Maryland, a considerable portion of the winter, its principal service following, being on the upper Potomac, in the Shen- andoah valley, and near the eastern slopes of the 131ue Kidge. In February, 1862, General Banks was in command of the union troops on the Maryland side of the Potomac, the 1st Michigan Cavalry composing part of his force. Lossing says : " Banks had sent a force under General Geary to re-occupy Harper's Feriy as the first step toward seizing and holding the Shenandoah Valley. He took command there in per- son late in February, and with his force occupied the heights near the ferry; also Charles- town and Leesburg and other important points on each side of the Blue Ridge. Jackson, who had occupied places directly in front of Banks, was pushed back to Winchester, where he was posted with his division of nearly eight thousand men, when, early in March, Johnson evacuated Manassas. That evacuation was followed by the retirement of Jack- son up the Shenandoah Valley. On the approai;h of the union troops under Generals Hamilton and Williams (Michigan) on March 11th, he retreated to Mount Jackson, about forty miles above Winchester, where he was in direct communication withaforce at Luray and another at Washington, on the eastern side of the mountain, not far from Thompson's Gap. Shields pursued Jackson on March 19th to his halting place. Sliields found his antagonist too strong to warrant an attack, and he fell back to Winchester for the two- fold purpose of safety and drawing Jackson from his supports. He was closely pursued by Jackson's cavalry under Ashby, one of the most dashing of the Confederate cavalry officers in that region. " From a correspondent belonging to the 1st Michigan Cavalry, covering in detail its mai'ch from B^'ederick to Winchester: " We left Frederick on the 24th of February, '62 and without any material delay crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry and occupied Charlestowu, Va. On taking possessio.i we had several trifling skirmishes, confined to the cavalry, in which our regiment was for the first time under fire, and in which several of the companies obtained considerable credit for their dashing charges and gallant behavior. They made several prisoners, and captured some v^duable property in the shape of horses. Hour, and cloth. We were detained there until the 10th, when we marched for Berryvilie, reaching there the same daj-. At Berryvilie we remained untU the 12th, when we made a moonlight march for Winchester, arriving at midnight. " In all of these marches some of the companies have been constantly in the advance, and every town tiiey reached they charged through. They have done nobly, foraltliough they have met with but little opposition and have had no serious engagtunent, yet wlien they dashed into tlu;se places tht^y were unaware of what their reception might be, and in many cases had information leading them to expect to meet a large body of the enemy; and yet they rushed on without hesitation, and with a spirit showing they would give a good account of themselves when they met the enemy. " General Hamilton's brigade, to which was attached companies K and L, and a detach- ment of thirty men from Company H, of this regiment, under connnand of Captain Mann of Company K, marched on Winchester from Bunker Hill yesterday (March 13th), and when williin a mile of the entienchments thrown up by Jackson just outside the town, the scouts reporting everything clear except a force of Colonel Ashby's cavaliy, who appeared to be making a stand on the opposite side of the town. Captain Mann was ordered to attack the enemy s cavalry. The detachment of Company H deployed as flankers; Company L moved around the town, while company K charged directly through MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 555 the streets; but the rebels took to their liecls, followed closely by our men for live miles, and we s-ucceeded in capturing six of tlieir number. "In tlie afternoon Company L, Cajjtain Brewer, followed the road on which they retreated, and conjing again upon tluni, succeeded in ensnaring four more without sus- taining any injury themselves. To-day twenty men from the same companies, while out on a loraging expedition, were attacked by a largo force, but held their grouud aiid un- saddled three of the ' Secesh.' " * Lossiog further says: " To Biinks had been assigned the duty of covering the line of the Potomac and Wash- ington City, after the movement agreed upon in council at Fairfax Court-house had been conditionally sanctioned by ihe President, and he was ordered to place the bulk of his fone at i\lanasbas Junction and vicinity, and to repair the Manassas Gap Railway, so as to have a rapid and direct communication with the Shenandoah Valley. Accordingly, on the rt'iiiement of Jackson up the valley, he put the first division of his corps in motion for Centrtville, under General Williams, leaving only the division of Shields and some Michi- gan cavalry in Wmchester. " Spies informed Jackson of the weakening of Banks's army in the valley and he imme- diately moved down to attack him at Winchester. General Shields, who was in immediate command there, had a force of about six thousand infantry, seven hundred and tifty cavalry, and twenty-four guns, well posted on a ridge, so as to cover the roads entering Wincliester from the south. This position was about halt a mile north of the village of Kernstown, and two and a half south of Winchester'. Toward the evening of the 2'2d of March, Ashby's cavahy drove in Shields's pickets, when the latter moved a small force to ojipose the assailants. While directing it in person, his arm was shattered above his elbow by the fragments of a shell, which also wounded his side. He was prostrated, but was able to make dispositions for a vigorous encounter with his foe the next day. Under cover of the night he pushed forward the brigade of Colonel Kimball, of the 14th Indiana, to Kernstown, supported by Daum's artillery, well posted. Colonel Sullivan's brigade was placed within supporting distance as a reserve in Kimball's rear. In that order the tiiKips repobed uJitil morning, when a recounoissance obtained no positive information of any Confederate force immediately in front, excepting Ashby's cavalry. General Banks believed General Jackson to be too weak or too prudent to attack Shields, and at ten o'clock that morning he depaited for Washington City, by way of Harper's Ferry, in obedience to a summons from headquarters, leaving his staff officers to start for Centre- ville in the afternoon. He was soon made to retrace his steps by the sounds of battle in his rear. "At the time the National scouts saw nothing but Ashby's cavalry, Jackson's whole force was strongly posted in battle order, with ailillery on each flank, in an eligible situa- tion, half a mile south of Kernstown, completely masked by woods, wiiich were tilled with his skirmishers; and within an hour after Banks left Winchester, Confederate cannon opened upon Kimball. Sullivan's brigade was immediately ordered forward to Kuu I tail's support, and a severe action was commenced by artillery on both sides, but at too great a distance to be very effective. "Jackson now took the initiative, and, with a considerable force of all arms, attempted to turn Kimball's left Hank, when an active body of skirmishers, under Colonel Carroll, composed ot his regiment (the 8th Ohio) and three companies of the G7th Ohio, were thrown forward on both sines of the Valley turnpike, to oppose the movement. These were sujiported by four guns of Jenks's artilleiy. The Confederates were lepulsed at all points, and Jackson abanuoned his designs upon the National left, massed a lieavy force on their right, and sent two additional batteries and his reserves to support the move- ment. With this combined force he pressed forward to turn and crush his adversaiy's right. Daum's artillery could not check the movement, and imminent peril threatened the Union army. Informed of this. Shields, who from his bed was in a measure conduct- ing the battle, ordered Colonel E. B. Tyler's brigade to the supj)ort of Kimball, and directeil the latter to employ all of his disposable inlantry in an attempt tocarry Jackson's batteries, and then to turn his left Hank and hurl it back on its center. Tlie execution of this important anu perilous order was intrusted to the gallant Tyler and his line l.rigaile. The Confedei ales were pressed back to a stone fence, which gave them shelter, where a despeiate struggle ensued with Jackson's famous 'stonewall brigade.' For a little while tlie result was doubtlnl, when the 5th and G2d Ohio, and 13lh Indiana of Sullivan's liiiyade, and the 14Ui Indiana, 84tli rennsylvania, and jiarts of the blh and G7th Uliio, of Kimball's brigade, hastened to the su|)port of Tyler. The combined forces dashed on tho ( onl'ederales, forced them back through the woods, and sent them in full retreat up the vahey, with a great loss, but in good order, for their discipline was perfect. So ended the 'Buttle of Kernstown.' 556 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. •' The National troops bivouacked on the battle-field the night after the victory, and at an early hour in the morning began a vigorous pursuit of the Confederates towards Stras- burg. Meanwhile Shields, who was satisfied that reinforcements for Jaclison could not be far off, had sent an express after Williams's division, then far on his way to Centre- ville. Banks, who was informed by telegraph of the battle, had already ordered it back. He also hastened to Winchester, took command in person, and followed the 'retreating Confederates up the Valley almost to Mount Jackson. This demonstration of Jackson's and information that he might easily call re-enforcements to his aid, caused the retention of Banks's forces in the Shenandoah valley. " On the 24th the rebels were followed to Cedar Creek, being constantly in sight and taking advantage of every favorable point to check the advance. Colonel Brodhead with a small force reconnoitered as far as Strasburg, but fell back for the eight across the creek. On the following day possession was taken of Strasburg with an advance guard some four miles toward Woodstock. General Williams (A. S. of Michigan) commanding the 1st division, depart- ment of the Shenandoah, in a report dated Williamsport, May 27, 1862, first enumerates the composition of his division, including the 1st Michigan Cav- alry, and then says of its operations after the evacuation of Strasburg : *' This small command, of not over 3,600 infantry present for duty, ten Parrot and six brass smooth-bore guns, not only composed my division, but with the cavahy under the immediate command of Brigadier General Hatch, and the Major General's personal escort, was the entire force that could be brought to oppose this sudden, though not wholly unlooked for combination of the rebel columns under Jackson, Ewell, and Johns- ton, variously estimated by prisoners, deserters, and fugitives at from twenty thousand to fifty thousand men, with from fifty to sixty pieces of artillerj'. " Under these circumstances, I hastened the evacuation on the Major General's order, and before daylight put in movement towards Wuichester all the trains of the division, with such escort of cavalry and infantry as the smaliness of the command and the uncer- tainty of the point of attack would warrant. " I also ordered Donnelly's brigade, encamped about six miles above Strasburg, to join the division, in readiness for a rapid march to the rear. At the same time the 2yth Penn- sylvania, Colonel Murphy, of Gordon's brigade, with a section of artillery, was ordered to occupy and reconnoiter the road from Middletown towards Front Koyal, and to oppose the advance of the rebels by that route at all hazards. " The main column was put in motion at about 10 A. M. At Middletown I found a part of the train m some confusion, from demonstrations made by the rebel cavalry, but no considerable force presented itself until the head of our force had passed New Town. At this point Colonel Donnelly encountered and rapidly di-ove away a large body of the enemy's cavalry by a spirited movement of the 46th Pennsylvania with a section of artil- lery. " Anticipating, from reports received on the route, a stout resistance in front, the lead- ing regiments of the column moved in compact order to within six miles of Winchester. At this point five companies of Michigan cavalry were detached as a reconnoitering party under Colonel Brodhead, who, though suffering from a severe illness, volunteered to mount his horse and head his command to observe the road leading towards Winchester. "At the same time i-eports were brought that the center and rear of tlie train had been seriously attacked, and further threatened. The 2d Massachusetts, 27th Indiana, and 28th New York, with several pieces of artillery, were, in succession, detached for its protec- tion. These regiments, with the artillery, engaged the enemy's cavalry and artillery with great spirit and success. The 2d Massachusetts, Lieutenant Colonel Andrews, was particularly engaged, and suiTered considerable loss in vigorously resisting the advance of the rebels until some time after midnight. Colonel Gordon, commanding 3d brigade, personally joined this rear guard and supervised its operations until late in the nigiit. " Having received a report from Colonel Brodhead that the town of Winchester was still in our possession, the head of the column was put in motion, but halted again near Kernstown to be in position to reinforce the rear guard should it be seriously menaeed. "No unfavorable repoits coming in. Colonel Donnelly was ordered to occupy, with his brigade in bivouac, the ridges nearest town on both sides of the Front Royal road; and Colonel Gordon, with his brigade, the hills near town, which command the road from Strasburg. It was after dark before the first regiments were in motion, and nc^arly 1 o'clock in the morning before the last came in. Most of the regiments had marched fully thirty miles, and some more; and all had been under arms since daylight, without food, or at most with but one meal. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 557 "Fortunately some of the severe labor of outpost and picket duty was assumed by companies of the I'Jth Maine Infantry and Maryland Cavalry, though the opportunities of rest were much disturbed during tiie night by constant attacks on our outpobts. " Before daybreak on the morning of the 25th I received the verbal orders of the Major General commanding, based on reliable information that the enemy were in overwhelming force before us, to send back the trains of the division towards Martinsburg. At the same time I was notified of his intention to offer such resistance to the rebels as would develop with more certainty their strength, and give time for om* transportation wagons to move clear of the route of our retreat. " The enemy gave us Uttle time to correct our positions, or to reconnoitre theirs. They opened with their rilled guns at the earliest dawn, and began the movement of their masses on bolli Hanks for attack immediately afterwards. Before I arrived on the ground the two capable commanders of the brigades had made such disposition of their troops a& seemed most judicious with reference to our inferior numbers and extent of ground we were obliged to cover. On the right, Gordon's brigade occupied the interior slopes of the hills nearest town, and adjacent to the Strasburg pike. Two sections of Company M, let New York Artillery (Cochran's Battery), and one section of Hampton's Battery (ilaryland Artillery), were placed in position on the crest of the central heights. On the extreme right live companies of Michigan Cavalry (attached to the 1st division) were held in re- serve, under cover of the hill. This body of horse was successively under command of Majors Town and Paldi, both Colonel Brodhead and Lieutenant Colonel Copeland being prevented from assuming command by severe illness, from which they had for some time been suffering. " On the left, Donnelly's brigade rested its right upon a considerable elevation which commanded the road toward Front Eoyal, and extended its left in a crescent form, so a& to observe and cover the approaches in the southeast direction. The six guns of Company F, 4th United States Artillery, Lieutenant Ersby commanding, and one section of Com- pany M, 1st New York Artillery, Lieutenant Peabody, held commanding positions near the right of this brigade. The narrow valley which intervened between these two posi- tions, and the plain extending in a fan-Uke shape beyond, were commanded by a section of Hampton's Battery of Maryland Artilleiy, under Lieutenant Fleming, in a position on a central elevation immediately in front of the town; in supporting distance of which Gen- eral Hatch had ordered the principal position of his cavalry. " The opening of the cannonade was followed within half an hour by an infantry attack in force upon Donnelly's brigade. This was gallantly and successfully repulsed. One of the rebel rrgimeiits, more audaciously pursuing its attack than the others (said to be the 27th North Caroiina) , was almost auiiihilated; first by the cross fire of the 5th Connecti- cut and 48th Pennsylvania regiments, and afterwards by one wing of the 28th New York, in its attempt to gain the woods in its rear. This regiment left in front of our lines its- dead and wounded thickly strewn over the field, so near to our lines that Colonel Donnelly and several of our officers went forward and conversed with the woumlcd soldiers. " After this unsucces.sful infanti-y attack the rebels confined their efforts for a long time to artillery firing; opening their batteries from new positions, and with an increased num- ber of guns. The whole atmosphere for a mile was densely and obscurely filled with smoke and fog. Our artillery replied with marked vigor, and though inferior in number of guns, was decidedlv more effective, both in rapidity and precision of fire. " At this time Colonel Donnelly reported to me that several rebel regiments of infantry were moving to their right, with the apparent purpose of occupying our line of retreat to- the Martinsburg road, and that Lieutenant Colonel Brown, commanding the 28th New York, had deployed his skirmishers, and moved his regiment in that direction. The col- ors of nine rebel regiments could be seen at this moment preparing to attack simultane- ously this gallant little brigade of not over 1,7(10 men, who waited the trying onset with a coolness and composure of both officers and men which was most marked and extraordinary. "With the approval of the commanding general, I went in person to observe the progress of events upon the right wing, and, if practicable, to bring up reinforcements to- the'support of the seriously threatened part of our line. I had, however, hardly reached the central position between the two wings before a heavy infantry fire commenced on the rii:]it, and apparentlv extended along the whole front of Gordon's brigatie, and before I couid reach, with aU possible speed, tlie crest of the hill upon wliich Gordons brigade had moved, I saw the artillery was limbering up to move to the rear. At the same time stragglers from the 27th Indiana, «)n its immediate right, were slowly falling back in con- siderable numbers. With members of my staff, I made strong efforts to rally tliera. The men generally obeyed orderb, but before anything valuable could be accomplisiied the whole regiment apparently was retiring over the hill in much confusion. I observed Col- onel Culgrove in their midst striving to restore order, and other officers exerting them- 558 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. selves in the same way. The men did not run, but were rapidly retiring in disordered ranks, as if broken by a superior attack. The report of Colonel Colgrove gives, I doubt not, a true statement of this confusion. " Seeing that our right was exposed by this movement, I hurried forward to the reserve ■of Michigan cavalry, on the extreme right, hoping by a prompt demonstration with this force to hold the enemy in check and protect the remaining regiments of £his brigade from a flank attack. Major Town, at the head of the column, spiritedly rode out to meet me, and, moving his command to the front, with great promptness and gallantry formed in column for charge on the crest of the hill. Meeting with a terrific fire of infantry from a whole brigade, and being menaced on the right by a large column of rebel ■cavalry he was obliged to retire, which was done in good order, considering the nature of the ground and the obstacles on the line of his retreat. Colonel Gordon held the remain- ing regiments of his brigade unbroken, and checked the advance of the rebels until it became evident the attacking columns were overwhelming, and would soon cut off the ■avenues of retreat. The regiments were then withdrawn, for the most part in column, after reaching the edge of the town, through which they passed in good order. I imme- diately dispatched a message to Colonel Donnelly to withdraw his brigade by the east side of the town. When the right was giving way, I directed Captain Wilkins, my assist- ant adjutant general, to endeavor to rally the 27th Indiana Volunteers, behind a stone 'wall in the outskirts of the town and cover the rear. This was successfully done, and the rebels were received with repeated volleys, which greatly checked their advance. "I beg leave also to bring to the favorable notice of the major general commanding i;he valuable services rendered by my personal staff. Captain Wm. D. Wilkins, assistant adjutant general; Captain E. C. Beaman, commissary of subsistence; and First Lieu- tenant Samuel E. Pittman, aid-de-camp, who were with me on the field, and were most prompt and efficient, not only during the engagement, but during the whole retreat from Strasburg. Favorable notice is also made of Captain Wilkins in the report of Colonel Donnelly, to which I also refer." The retreat was continued, the rebels pressing closely, but receiving some .severe checks with loss. After a quiet halt at Martinsburg, a sufficient time to give some little rest to the men, the whole of the main column reached the Potomac river, opposite Williamsport, soon after dark, without further molestation. The comniand and the wagons were transported to the opposite shore during the following day. Headquaktees 5th Aemt Corps, ) Aemy of the Potomac, at Stbasbueg, Va., >• •Oeneeaij Oedees, / March 26th, 1802. ) No. 6. ] Mc* it m * ie * * * The general commends the activity and bravery of the 1st Michigan Cavalry. [The only regiment mentioned in the order.] The battle of Winchester will be remembered. Every fallen soldier deserves a monu- ment, and every man in the line of those who bear the brunt of battle is entitled to hon- orable mention by name to his countrymen. It is prestige of the future. It lights the way, and by its Ught every soldier of the ■corps will proudly march hereafter to its trumpet sounds of victory. By command of MAJOR GENERAL N. P. BANKS. E. MOEEIS COPELAND, Major and Ansistanl Adjutant General. From a correspondent of the 1st Cavalry: " On the morning of the 1st April, 1862, we marched from Strasburg, one section of artil- lery, a squadron of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, and a battaUon of infantry having the advance. The advance cavalry was under command of Lieutenant Colonel Copeland, and Colonel Brodhead, chief oi cavalry of the 5th corps, accompanied it. A few miles from Stras- burg Ashby's cavalry and artillery made their appearance, and the usual running skirmish was kept up till we reached this place (Edinburg, some eighteen miles) with but small loss on our side; that of the enemy we could not tell. "At Woodstock, twelve miles from Strasburg, Company M, of the 1st Michigan Cav- airy, accompanied by Colonel Brodhead and Lieutenant Colonel Copeland, charged first MICHIGAN IN THE W Alt. 559 through the town. The enemy were posted on a high hill on the opposite side, and let fly their artillery, but they were a second too late, their pieces being ranged to sweep our column as it came over the brow of the hill. The charge, however, was so impetu- ous that they were over— and that was all— when the discharge came. The escape was vei-y narrow. The company under Captain Dennison remained in the streets till our artil- lery shelled out the enemy and the flight and pursuit continued. On arriving at Edinburg a scene took place. The heavy smoke in advance indicated that the enemy were destroy- ing the bridges, and Colonel Brodhead with the same company, again charged through the town to the edge of the burning bridge. The smoke concealed a regiment of the enemy's infantry which was on the other side, and a heavy fire of infantry as well as artillery opened on them, but it was too high, and resulted in but httle damage. As soon as our artillery got into position they were driven back, and it beint; near dark and not possible to cross the creek, the force moved back, with the exception of the cavalry, and bivou- acked between Edinburg and Woodstock. "The brilliant charge of Captain Dennison and his company through both the towns mentioned extorted praise even from the secession inhabitants. " The cavaliy of the corps under Brodhead held Edinburg during the night, in sight of the enemy, who at daylight on the 2d opened on us with artillery. They were, however, soon driven back by a battery of ours which Colonel Brodhead had placed on a hill to the right of the town. Banks had pushed Jackson as far as Harrisonburg, the let Michigan being in advance with the cavalry. But on ascertaining that the combined forces of Ewell and Jackson were advancing from Staunton, he fell back from Stras- burg, pursued by Ewell, while Jackson pushed on, and joining the latter at New Market, he moved via Luray upon Front Royal, swooping down almost unannounced upon the small Union force holding that position, in command ■of Colonel John R. Kenly, who nevertheless made a spirited resistance, but was soon driven out with loss by the enemy's overwhelming numbers, and finally, after making several stands, was wounded, his train captured, and his <;omnuind nearly destroyed. Greeley says: " General Banks remained quiet and unsuspecting at Strasburg, with no enemy In his front, and no sign of danger until the evening of the 23d, when he was astounded by tid- ings of Kenley's disaster, and assurances that the rebels, 15,000 to 20,000 strong, were pressing forward to Winchester, directly m his rear. Shields's division having been sent, by order from Washington, to the Rappahannock, he had hardly 5,000 men at hand, with perhaps 2,000 or 3,000 more scattered through the valley in his rear. Jackson's force naust have exceeded 20,000 men. Banks had, on the first tidings of trouble at Front Eoyal, dispatched a smaU force to aid Kenly; but this was now recalled, and our trains sent forward on the road to Winchester, escorted by General Hatch, with our cavalry and six pieces of artillery. At 9 A. M. our column was in motion, and hardly proceeded three miles when it was apprised that the train had been attacked, and that the rebels held the road at Middletown — a report soon confirmed by a disorderly rush of fugitives and wagons to the rear. The column was thereupon re-organized; with the train in the rear; and on reaching Middletown Colonel D. Donnelly, commanding the vanguard, encountered a small force of rebels, who were easily repulsed and driven back on the road to Front Eoyal. Colonel Brodhead, 1st Michigan Cavalry, now took the advance, and soon reported the road clear to Winchester. Before all our army had passed, the rebels advanced on the Front Koyal road in such force as to occupy Middletown, compelling our rear guard to fall back to Strasburg, making a circuit thence to the north, whereby the 1st Vermont, Colonel Tompkins, was enabled to rejoin Banks at Winchester in season for the fight of next morning, while the 5th New York, Colonel DeFonest, made its way through the mountains to the Potomac, bringing in a train of 32 wagons and many strag- glers. There was some fighting with our rear guard at Strasburg, and again at Newtown, eight miles from Winchester; but our men retreated with moderate loss, and our infantry and artillery were again concentrated at Winchester by midnight. Hero thiy were allowed a rest of two or three hours, broken at brief intervals by tlie rattle of mut-k(>try as the rebels closed around them, their artillery opening at daylight. "Banks had now less than 7,000 men, opposed to more than 20,000, flushed with vic- tory, and confident that the day would witness the capture and destriictiun of our Uttlo -army. Colonel Geoige H. Gordon commanded our right. Colonel Dudley Donnelly our left; General Hatch, who had been cut off at Middletown, had just rejoined with bis cav- 660 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. airy. Facing the enemy boldly, our men held their ground for five hours, inflicting and suffering considerable loss, until, Jaclison's entire army having by this time havhig by this time been brought up, it was manifest that further resistance was madness, and could only result in our destruction. Our trains being by this time well on the road, the ordet to retreat was given, and our line of battle, under a withering fire of mu^etry from left, right, and center, broke into column of march and moved rapidly through Win- chester, amid the deafening yells of their exulting pursuers, which were echoed with delirious frenzy by the Winchester rebels. The 2d Massachusetts, Lieutenant Colonel Andrews, which, with the 3d Wisconsin, Colonel Ruger, formed our rear guard, halted, undismayed by the hideous din, in a street of the town to re-form its Une, and then resumed its rapid but steady march, sharply followed, but not seriously annoyed, by the eager foe. Our troops moved in three parallel columns, each protected by an efficient rear guard, and reached Martinsburg, 22 miles distant, in the course of the afternoon. Here a halt of two and a half hours was talien to rest and refresh, our rear guard leaving that town at 7 P. M., and reaching the Potomac, opposite WUliamsport, 12 miles farther, in the course of the evening. "General Geo. H. Stewart, with the rebel cavalry, pursued as far Martinsburg; but Jackson halted his infantry not far beyond Winchester, though he sent a brigade three days later to Charlestown driving out a small Union force which held that place, and pur- sued it to Halltown, which was occupied next day by the main body of his army." From a correspondent: "When we fell back from Harrisonburg to New Market, General Shields's large division was also ordered to join General McDowell. General Banks, with his column, consisting of two brigades of infantry, sixteen guns, and twenty-five hundred cavalry, retrogiaded to Strasburg, which he was to occupy and intrench, in a very hostile and extremely disloyal part of Virginia, almost every inhabitant a spy, and In communication with the rebel generals. General Banks was appraised of the movement to cut us ofif Friday night. We had marching orders at 2 o'clock next morning; most of the command left at daylight, but we with the rest of the cavalry had to remain tUl 9 o'clock, when we left Strasburg for Winchester with our wagons; the whole division train was six mUes long and was heavy, on account of having to carry the extra baggage of Shields's division. Our regiment, or what we had of it (five companies), was ordered to the front near New- town. The rebels came down by the road from Front Royal, which joins the pike at Mid- dletown; here our forces kept them back all day untU nearly all our train had passed. " When on this side of Newtown tiie rebels got a position and commenced shelling our train. At the same time a large body of rebel cavalry rushed down on the train, Idlled and drove off the horses, and took some of our sick men and drivers prisoners; they then disabled about a mile of our train, including all of our baggage wagons, and to-day I have nothing left but a seedy suit, overcoat, horse, etc. With some sacrifice of life, we drove back three times our number and burned these wagons in the face of the enemy. With the exception of some broken wagons left and burned, that was all we lost of the train. " We arrived at Winchester at dark. Our pickets were posted six miles out, and we all threw ourselves on the ground to rest as well as we could, being completely tired out. It was a cold night, and few slept much, as the rebels kept driving in our pickets. Major Town, with two of our companies on the Front Royal road, kept back one regiment of rebel infantry with cannon nearly all night, but at daylight they saw his small force and drove him in. We (three companies) were bivouacked two miles from Winchester towards the enemy. At 4 o'clock we were all drinking coffee, when our pickets were driven into our camp by the rebels. We saddled and prepared for them in five minutes, but they fell back again. General Banks soon appeared on the field with his whole force, some seven regiments of infantry and sixteen guns, supported by our five companies of 1st Michigan Cavalry, the rest of the cavalrj' being on the other side of the town, two thousand strong, and very odd it seems to all of us why they were not on the field. If you hear of any other cavalry being on the field at this battle don't believe it. Our cav- alry was the only cavahy there. "The average number of men to each of our infantry regiments was 500, while our signal officers counted twenty-eight rebel regimental stand- ards, with thirty or forty guns. The battle lasted but a short time, as we could not remain on the field ; they flanked us on both sides, as their fines were three times the length of ours. The greatest danger was on our right, where the rebels had moved a whole brigade at right angles to our force. The 1st Michigan Cavalry (five companies) were ordered by General Williams to try and keep them in check until we could draw off our infantry. Marching up a liigh hill until within twenty rods, we formed in front of the rebels, and for ten minutes stood the fire and saved the 49th Pennsylvania Regiment from being taken entire, and at the same time supported one of our batteries whUe it MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 561 poured in charges of grape and canister, actually mowing down the rebels. Our cavalry then fell back at the command, 'Left about, wheel!' but had to jump a stone wall, throw- ing them into some confusion, but the companies soon formed and left the field in good order. This battle was fought by General Banks to save the train, and did it. Our loss was about 30 killed, wounded, and missing. Lieutenant Brevoort is the only ofBcer lost, having his horse shot and receiving a wound himself. The rebels were so close upon us that we could not get off our wounded. " For the purpose of refuting a most violent slander perpetrated in an histori- cal work on the ^var by the rebel General Dick Taylor upon the Union cavalry serving iu the Sheuendoah valley in 1SG2, a portion of which was the 1st Michigan cavalry, the following is inserted : Newpokt, E. I., July 17, IS79. To the Adjuiant General of the Siaie of Michigan: Geneeal, — I have the honor to enclose herewith an article by me, published in tho July 10, 1879, number of "The Nation." As you will see upon reading it, it concerns the military character and record of the 1st Michigan cavalry. You will greatly oblige me by filing this with the records of that regi- ment, that it may be within reach of the future historian. I am, General, very respectfully, your ob't serv't, J. A. JUDSON, Late Captain and A. A. Gen., U. S. Vols. To the Editor of the Nation : Sib, — Under ordinary circumstances the recent death of an author should, perhaps, in a measure shield him from severe criticism, but when a man puts on record and calls history such wild and reckless statements as the late General Kichard Taylor has uttered, his writings should not be suffered to pass unchallenged. Except to the i-eaders of that magazine it is not generally known, probably, that General Taylor preceded his recent extraordinary book (which has been so justly relSuked at all hands) by a series of articles on war subjects in the North American Review. These were, most of them, characterized by the same spirit which pcrs'ades his book, and seem to have been fired off as " range-finders," as it were, before opening fire with all his guns. It is one of these to which attention is invited in this note. In the March- April, 1878, number of the magazine referred to, on page 238 et seq., is the third of his papers, entitled " Stcnewall Jackson, and the Valley Campaign." Tho article pretends to give a history of the Shenendoah valley campaign of 18G2, and partic- ularly that part of it covered by the retreat of the small command of General N. P. Banks before the largely superior force of the rebel army under General Thomas J. Jackson, familiarly known by the sobriquet of " Stonewall." "While by no means endorsing General Taylor's account of this affair, I do not pro- pose now to enter into any general criticism. Facts alone are what I intend to handle, not opmions or beliefs. He says (p. 243) : " * * * Jackson had struck the vaUey pike at Jlldtlletown— twelve miles south of Winchester— along which a largo body of Federal cavalry with many wagons, was hastening north, lie attacked at once with his liandful of men, overwhelming resistance, and captured pris- oners and wagons." In general terms this is not a proper, nor even a true statement of the result of tho engagement at Middletown; but let that pass. He then goes on to say: " * * The cavalry was from New England— a section in whicli horsemanshii) was an unknown art— and some of these centaurs were strapped to their steeds. Ordered to dismount, they ex- plained their condition, and were given time to unbuckle. Many breastplates and other protective devices were seen here, and later at Winchester. We did not know whether tho Federals hail organized cuirassiers, or were recurring to the customs of Gustavus Adolphus. I saw a i)Oor fel- low lying dead on the pike, pierced through breastplate and body by a rille-ball." All this I pronounce absolutely false, even when General Taylor asserts, as he does, that these things are what ho himself saic. There was no one, officer or man, in tho cavalry of Banks's army, or in luiy part of Banks's army, who wore at that time or any other time "breastplates and other protective devices," or anything that could, by the remotest probability, possibly give tho most care- less observer tlic impression that any such thing was worn or thought of. When General Taylor says he "aato a poor fellow lying dead on tho pike, pierced through hreaatplate and body by a rifle-ball," he states what he knew to be a deliberate falsehood. 71 563 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. I am quite well aware that this is strong: language, but so is General Taylor's, and this is a case deserving heroic treatment. That it maj^ be seen I was in position to know I may say at once that I was present and on duty through this whole campaign as the Adju- tant General of Hatch's brigade of cavalry, which comprised all the cavah-y in Banks's army. It would have been impossible for a single man to have worn a breastplate or anything that looked like a breastplate without my knowledge. The officers and men wore the ordinary uniform Avhich all the rest of the United States forces wore, first and last; and nothing more, nothing less. The troopers of my brigades wore either the ordinary loose blouse or the cavalry jacket of coarse, dark-blue cloth, trimmed around the edges and collar with narrow yellow worsted lace, light-blue pantaloons, and light- blue army overcoats, and black rubber talmas or ponchos when the weather required. Every man was armed with an ordinary sabre and one Colt's revolver (cal. .44), and some of the command (I don't think all) had breech loading carbines of the Sharps or Burnside pattern in addition, nor had they any " protective devices" whatever against the bullets of the enemy but these arms and their own gallantry and valor. General Taylor says: " * * * The cavalry was from New England— a section in which horbcmanship was an unknown art— and some of these centaurs were strapped to their steeds. Ordered to dismount, they explained their condition, and were given time to unbuckle." Except that three of the nine regiments composing our unusually large brigade were from New England, every word of this is absolute falsehood, without shadow of foundation, and "was cut' by General Taylor "out of whole cloth." No officer or man, no bugler boy even, in the whole command Avas ever "strapped to his steed," at any time, for any purpose whatever. Every man sat and rode in his saddle, and mounted and dismounted as occa- sion required, much as other people do, and quite as well, no doubt, as did General Tay- lor or any of the other numerous rebels in arms, who to this day have very lively recol- lections of " Hatch's cavalry." Any man to-day who served in 1862 in the cavalry opposed to us, commanded by that gallant rebel leader, Colonel Ashby (who was himself killed in a fight with our brigade), will agree with me in saying that the sharp chases we some- times gave them, as they, in turn, gave us, were not made by men to whom " horseman- ship was an unknown ait." It is undeniable that our cavalry in 18G2 was not so effective as that arm of the service afterward proved itself (nor was any other part of the army for that matter), but defective horsemanship v>'as no part of our deficiencies. People in the north certainly do not ride horseback as universally as they do south, and for the good reason that as we here are half a century in advance of most of that region m civih- zation, as a consequence among other things we have good carriage roads everywhere where we haven't steam transportation, so that horseback riding, save as a recreation, is unnecessary. Still, out of the cities, and particularly among the farmers, the men and boys are all famihar with horses, and as much at home on their backs as any southerner. All the regiments of our cavalry brigade but one were country organizations, and the whole command had been well drilled in riding as well as in other matters before taking the field at all. The single city regiment, the 5th New York Cavalry, was singularly enough an exceptionally fine and effective cavalrj' regiment. Nor am I sure that all the troopers were city men. My impression is that several of the companies were from the country round about New York city. To show what utter nonsense this is of General Taylor's, at the risk of tediousness I give the list of the organizations composing our brigade, by which any one may judge, from whence the men came, whether they were people likely to bo found "strapped to their steeds": Fifth New York Cavalry, commanded by Colonel 0. DeForest; 1st Vermont Cavalry, commanded by Colonel Chas. H. Tompkins; 1st Michigan Cavalry, commanded by Col- onel Brodhcad; 1st Maine Cavalry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Doty; l.st Ehode Island Cavalry, commanded l)y Colonel Lawton; 1st Virginia Cavalry, commanded by , and composed of loyal "West Virginians; 1st Maryland Cavalry, commanded by , and composed of loyal Marylanders; 1st battalion " Potomac Home Brigade Cav- alry," recruited along tiio banks of the Potomac, besides the 8th New York Cavalry, which at that time had not received its mount, and hence took no part in the campaign. The whole was commanded by Brigadier General John P. Hatch, United States Vol- unteers, at that time a captain in the Mounted lUfies (now the 3d United States Cavalry;, and at present the Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th United States Cavalry, who since 1845 has been a distinguised cavalry oflicer in the regular army of the United States. Colonel Brodhead was killed at the head of his regiment at the second battle of Bull Eun; Colonel Lawton and Colonel DeForest have died since the war; Colonel Doty, I understand, is still living, and Colonel Tompkins is now a Lieutenant Colonel and one of the deputy quartermaster generals of the army. The other colonels I have forgotten entirely, even their very names, it is so long ago, but these surviving commanders of the troops, together with General Hatch, will, I have no doubt, corroborate all I have said. MICHIGAN IN THE W.Ul. 5G3 I look upon this matter as an unwarranted attack upon the sohUcrly honor and mili- tary character of this irallant bri.ujado, and I havo taken tlio trouble to write tliis not for tlie purpose in turn of assailing the memory of General Taylor, but rather because duty to my comrades requires that truth should be substituted on the record for what I cannot but regard as malicious and silly falsehood. Others may not attach to this the import- ance I do, or would at least pass it by in contempt. But the exposure of these falsehoods of General Taylor's at this late day is in one sense timely, since it son-es to brand with suspicion every statement he makes in his recent astonishing book entitled "Destruction and l\ccon»triiction: Personal Experiences of the Lato War." It is to be presumed, were General Taylor still living, ho would attempt proof of tho statements quoted, since he was at such pains to give them uttei-ance. It would, how- ever, be interesting to know if any of his fellow rebels now living who were with him in tho Valley campaign of 18(52 also saw any Yankee cavalrymen dead or alive, in " breast- plates or other protective devices," or any Yankee cavalrymen "strapped to their steeds." In common with other reasonable people I entertain the highest respect personally for all the gallant soldiers of tho south who sternly followed what they believed to be the right. As a rule they have, like true soldiers, accepted their defeat, conquered though not convinced. General Taylor would also have proved himself a true soldier had he quietly followed the meritorious example of his comrades-in-arms. Eespectfully yours, J. A. JUDSON, Late Capt. and Aast. Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vols. Newpokt, E. L, June 24, 1S70. The regiment remaiiied at Williamsport until June 12th, 18G2, when it again entered Virginia, moving via Martinsl)urg to Front Koyal, reaching there on the IGth. It soon entered upon General Pope's Virginia campaign, joining that portion of Pope's army under Banks. It was engaged with the enemy at Orange Court House, July 16th, and again at Cedar Mountain on the 9tli of August following, where an engagement took place between Bank's forces and those under the rebel generals Jackson, Ewell, and A. P. Hill. The enemy having a superior force of over two to one, Banks was defeated ^vith heavy loss. Greeley says : " Pope, under instructions to pi-eserve his communications with General King at Fred- ericksburg, ordered a concentration of his infantry and artillery upon Culpepper, Ills headquarters, and pushed forward Crawford's brigade toward Cedar (or rather Slaughter's) Mountain, an eminence commanding a wide prospect to the south and east, and which should have been occupied and fortified by our forces some days before. "Banks, by order, advanced promptly from Hazel Eun to Culpepper. But Sigel, still at Perry ville, instead of moving at once, sent to ascertain by which route he should come, thus losing several hours, and arriving too late to be of use. General Banks, by order, moved forward next morning toward Cedar mountain, supporting, with the rest of his corps, the advance of General Crawford, under verbal orders from Pope, which were reduced to writing by his adjutant, in these words: " • Clli'EPPEK, August 9th, 0.45 A. M. "'From Colonel Lewis Marshall: General Banks will move to tho front immediately, assume command of all tho forces in the front, deploy his skirmishers if tho enemy approaches, and attack him immediately as soon as he approaches, and be reinforced from here.' " Calling on Pope as he left Culpepper, Banks asked if there were further orders, and was referred to General Roberts, Pope's chief of staff, who was to accompany him and indicate the line ho was to occupy, which he took, lloberts saying to him repeatedly before he left, ' There must be no backing out this day;' words needing no interpretation, and hardly such as should bo addressed by a Brigadier to a Major General commanding a corps. " Stonewall Jackson, with his own division, following Ewell's, had reached Gordonsvillo July lyth, and, sending thenco for reinforcements, had received A. P. Hill's division, increasing his force to some 25,000 men, with which he advanced, driving back our cavalrj' and reaching Slaughter's or Cedar Mountain this day. From tho splendid outlook afforded by this mountain, ho saw his opportunity, and resolved to profit by it. Pushing forward Ewell's division on tho Culpepper road, and thence to tho right along tho western slope of the mountain, but keeping it thoroughly covered by woods, which concealed his numbers, he advanced four guns to tho front, and opened fire upon Crawford's batteries, his own 564 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. division, under Winder, being thrown out to the left as it arrived, still under cover of the woods. Ewell's batteries were successfully posted at the foot of the mountain, sonae 200 feet above the valley, whence their fire was far more effective than ours. Meantime Hill's division was arriving, and being sent in to the support of whatever portion of the rebel line was the weakest, until not less than 20,000 veterans, with every advantage of position and shelter, formed the rebel line of battle; against which Banks's 6,000 or 8,000 advanced, at 5 P. M., across open fields and up gentle acclivities, thoroughly swept by the rebel cannon and musketry. " Had victory been possible they would have won it. Early's brigade of Ewell's divis- ion held the road, and was so desperately charged in front and on its right flank that it held its ground only by the opportune arrival of Thomas's brigade of Hill's division; while the left of Jackson's division, under Taliaferro, was so assailed in flank and i-ear that one brigade was routed and the whole flank gave way, as did also Early's. But the odds were too heavy; and, though our men proved themselves heroes, they could not defeat three times their number, holding the foot of a mountain and covered by woods. The best blood of the Union was poured out like water, but in vain. General Geary, who, with five Ohio regiments and the 28th Pennsylvania, made the most desperate charge of the day, was himself wounded, with most of his officers. General Crawford's brigade came out of the fight a mere skeleton. The 109th Pennsylvania, 102d New York, and several other regiments left half their number dead or wounded on that fatal field. Generals Augur and Carroll were severely wounded, as were Colonels Donnelly, 46th Pennsylvania, Creighton, 7th Ohio, and Majors Savage, 2d Massachusetts, Armstrong, 5th Ohio, and Pelouze, Banks's adjutant. General Prince was taken prisoner after dark by accident, while passing from one part of his command to another. Our loss in killed and wounded could hardly have been less than 2,000 men. We were not so much beaten as fairly crowded off the field, where Jackson claims to have taken 400 prisoners, one gun, and 5,302 small arms, with a loss on his part of 223 killed, including General C. S. Winder, two Lieutenant Colonels, and a major, with 1,060 wounded, among them Colonels WilUams and Sheffield, three majors, and 31 missing; total, 1,314. " General Pope had remained throughout the day at Culpepper, neither desiring nor expecting a serious engagement, and assured from time to time that only skirmishing was going on at the front, until the continuous roar of cannon assured him, soon after 5 o'clock, that the matter was grave. Ordering forward Eickett's division, he arrived with it on the field just before dark, and directed Banks to draw in his right wing upon his center, so as to give room for Kickett's to come into the fight; but the rebels, though vic- torious, advanced with great caution, and finding themselves confronted by fresh batter- ies, recoiled, after a sharp artillery duel, and took slielter in the woods. Eickett's guns continued vocal until midnight, but of course to little purpose. Meantime Sigel's corps began to arrive, and was sent to the front abreast of Eickett's, Banks's corps being with- drawn two miles to the rear to rest and re-organize. " But there was no more fighting. Jackson clung to the mountain and his woods till the night of the 11th, when, aware that King's division had just come up from Fredericks- burg, and that Pope was about to strike at his communications and thus compel liim to fight on equal terms, he, leaving a part of his dead unburied, retreated rapidly across the Eapidan, Our cavahy pursued him to that stream, picking up a number of stragglers. " Lossing says : "Against these odds Banks moved at five o'clock across the open fields and up gentle slopes, in the face of a fearful storm of artillciy and infantry, and fell almost sinmltane- ously upon Early on Jackson's right, and upon his left, commanded by General TaUaferro. The attacking force was composed of the divisions of General Augur, the advance led by General Geary, and the division of General Williams of Michigan, of which Crawford's gallant brigade was a part. The battle at once became general, and for an hour and a half a fierce struggle was carried on, in wliich uncommon deeds of valor were iierformed by the respective combatants. 'I have witnessed many battles during this war,' wrote a newspaper correspondent, ' but I have seen none where the tenacious obstinacy of the American character was so fully displayed.' The Nationals, outnumbered by more than two to one, and failing to receive reinforcements in time, were forced back by overwlielm- ing weight, after incurring and inflicting a terrible loss of human life. At dusk Eickett's division of McDowell's corps arrived on the field, and took position to relieve Banks and check the pursuit of the Confederates, and artillery firing was kept up until midnight. Late in the evening Sigel's corps began to arrive. "So ended the battle of Cedar Mountain, or of Cedar Eun, as the Confederates call it. None was more desperately fought during the war. A jiart of the sanguinary struggle was fought hand to hand, under the dark pall of smoke that obscured the moon." MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 565 The regiment also became heavily engaged iu the great and most disastrous battle of Bull Euu, August 30th, 1862, where it lost 7 killed, 13 wounded, 7 prisoners, and 106 missing iu action. Colonel Brodhead being among the mortally wounded, and who died on the oth of September following. From a report of Major C. II. Town, commanding regiment: " * * Colonel Thornton F. Brodhead was mortally wounded at Bull Eun, Va., while gallantly leading liis men to the charge. » * * * * *^* * * Hi « 1^ "While on his death bed, on the field, almost the last words to his attending surgeon ■were, ' The old flag will triumph yet.' In his last letter to his wife he writes, ' I fought manfully and now die fearlessly.' " •'Is't death to fall for freedom's right? He's dead alone that lacks her light! And murder sullies Heaven's sight The sword he draws. What can enoble fight? A noble cause!" From a correspondent : " We had a terrible fight the first day and lost many men. The dead in some places lay in piles. On the second day a masked battery opened fire on our right and shelled us for about four miles. We had just formed again, when the whole left wing of the army came rushing by us, followed by the rebel cavalry and artillery. Our brave Uttlo General Buford called out, ' Boys, save our army, cover their retreat.' He was answered by three hearty cheers. At this time the rebel artillery opened fire on our infantry, as they hurried along the road to Centerville. The order came, 'By fours front into line!' The men came up in fine style, and then came the order, ' By platoons, right about wheel ! Draw sabres!' The rebel battery and cavalry were in front of us. I held my breath for a moment, for this was our first charge. I thought of homo and friends. The bugle sounded the charge, and away we went, the lines crashed together, and men and horses went down and roUed over in the dust. We broke and routed the rebel cavalry and the battery pulled up and left. "Scon the rebel cavalry formed again, and again we charged and routed them as before, but this time we followed them to the edge of the woods, where a battery opened on us from the left with grape, canister, shell, and railroad iron. At about the same time a brigade of infantry opened on the right. It was too hot, and we wheeled in good order, and retreated, and I have the pleasure to say that our regiment was the only regiment that rallied again that night. We lost our brave Colonel. Whatever his enemies may say about him, he was not a coward. General Pope said that we saved many thousands of them. " After the battle of Bull Eun, and during the early part of 1863, the regi- ment was engaged in grand guard duty in front of the defenses of Washing- ton, on a line extending from Edward's Ferry to the mouth of the Occoquan. This duty was the most arduous and diflicult the regiment has had to perform, requiring incessant watchfulness and vigilance ; but while two cavalry regi- ments from other States, who were sharing in the service lost each about 200 men from the frequent attacks and surprises of Mosby's guerrillas, the loss of the 1st was only 30. During the raid about the Union lines, made by the rebel General Stuart in February, a detachment of 56 men of this regiment were sent out to Avatch his movements. Near Occoquan the enemy came within range of the carbines of this party, and fell back in confusion at the first fire. Discovering the weakness of the force opposed to them, the rebel cavalry recovered and charged vigorously with a large force, before which the detach- ment retired, fighting from behind bushes during a pursuit of several miles, with a resulting loss to Stuart's troopers of fifteen in killed and wounded, and to themselves of none. The casualties reported in the regiment in 1863 were killed in action 20, 566 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. died of wounds 10, of disease 60, wounded in action 58, with 170 taken prisoners. In 1S63 died in action or of wounds 23, of disease 7, missing in action 114 prisoners in the hands of the enemy. In 1804, 83 died in action or of wounds, 33 of disease, wounded in action 103, with 80 missing in action, mostly prisoners. Up to this date the regiment had been engaged with the enemy at Winches- ter, Va., March 23, 1863; Middletown, Va., March 25, 1863; Strasburg, Va., March 27, 1863; Harrisonburg, Va., April 23, 1862; AVinchester, Va., May 34, 1863; Orange Court House, Va., July 16, 1862; Cedar Mountain, Va.", August y, 1862; Bull Kun, second, Va., August 30, 1862; Occoquan, Va.,, February—, 1803; Thoroughfare Gap, Va., May 21, 1863; Greenwich, Va., May 30/l8G3. The regiment, during its term of service carried on its rolls 3,244 officers and men, and its total loss as finally reported was 10 officers, 92 men killed in action, 5 officers 46 men died of wounds, and 5 officers 246 men of disease. " Fellow soldiers in life, let them slumber in death Side by side, as becomes the reposing braves — That sword which they loved still unbroken in its sheath, And themselves unsubdued in their graves." Note.— Company D of this legiment was placed on detached service as "Provost Guard," and stutioned at Alexandria, Va., on November 25th, 1862, and remained there on that duty until the close of the war, when the regiment was sent west. Some men of this company while out scouting in March, 1864, fell into the hands of the enemy, and as it appears from the following, made a most creditable escape. Heajjquakters Department ok Washington, ) 2'.'D Akmv CoKrg, ]■ Wmhinglon, D. C, March IS, 1SG4. ) Corporal Traynor, Covtpany D, 1st Michigan Cavalry: Coiu'ORAL,— The Maior General connnamling the Department desires me to thank you for the gallant ami soldierly conduct by whicli you liberated yourself and comrades whilst disarmed and in the hands of arnied guerrillas. The "same manly spirit and action shown by you, it manifested by your comrades, would rid tlie department of the ])redatory bands calling themselves confede- rate soldiers. A copy of this communication will be forwarded to the Adjutant General of Michigan. Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, J. H. TAYLOR, Chief of Staff, A. A. G. FIFTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. " Onward, onward to the battle! who can doubt which side will win? Eight and might both guide our squadrons, and the steadfast hearts within." The 5tli Cavalry was raised under authority giveu by the War Department to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph T. Copeland, 1st Cavalry, with the sanction of the Governor. Its rendezvous was at Detroit, and was mustered into the service of the United States August 30th, 18G2. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Josepli T. Copeland, Pontiae. Lieutenant Colonel, William D. Mann, Detroit. Majors, Freeman Norvell, Detroit; Ebenezer Gould, Owosso; and Luther S. Trowbridge, Detroit. Surgeon, John P. Wilson, Pontiae. Assistant Surgeon, Addison E. Stone, Memphis. Adjutant, Eicliard Baylis, St. Johns. Quartermaster, Arthur Edwards, Trenton. Commissary, Dwight A. Aiken, Pontiae. Chaplain, Oliver Taylor, Detroit. A. Captain, Wellington W. Gray, Pontiae. First Lieutenant, William M. Underbill, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Samuel Harris, Eochester. Second Lieutenant, Egbert B. Clark, Clarkston. B. Captain, AUyn C. Litchfield, Blendon. First Lieutenant, Darid Oliphant, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Myron Hickey, Davisburg. Second Lieutenant, Eobert A. Haire, Georgetown. C. Captain, George W. Hunt, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Horace W. Dodge, Detroit. Second, Lieutenant, Jacob Bristol, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Edward G. Granger, Detroit. D. Captain, Eli K. Simonds, Northville. First Lieutenant, George S. Wheeler, Green Oak. Second Lieutenant, Thomas J, Dean, Northville. Second Lieutenant, Henry Hitchcock, Lyons. E. Captain, Crawley P. Dake, Armada. First Lieutenant, Edward M. Lee, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, William H. Eolls, Trenton. Second Lieutenant, George E. Barse. Detroit. F. Captain, Noah H. Ferry, Grand Haven. First Lieutenant, Abram C. Vanderburgh, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, William Keith, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Elmer C. Dicey, White Pigeon. G.' Captain, WilHam T. Magoffin, Bingham. First Lieutenant, Stephen B. Mann, Pal- myra. Second Lieutenant, George W. Townsend, Green Bush. Second Lieutenant, John Gunderman, Essex. H. Captain, Stephen P. Purdy, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Heniy Starkey, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Edgar W. Flint, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Henry K. Foote, Detroit. I. Captain, William B. Williams, Allegan. First Lieutenant, George N. Dutcher, Saugatuck. Second Lieutenant, Charles H. Safford, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Henry H. Finley, Detroit. K. Captain, John E. Clark, Ann Arbor. First Lieutenant, Henry H. Petee, Flint. Second Lieutenant, Hobart Miller, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, William 0. North, Lapeer. L. Captain, Eobert F. Judson, Kalamazoo. First Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Axtell, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, David G. Kendall, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, Eobert C. Wallace, Detroit. (oG7) 568 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. M. Captain, Frederick A. Copeland, Pontiac. First Lieutenant, Sniitli H. Hastings, Coldwater. Second Lieutenant, Andrew D. Hall, Quincy. Second Lieutenant, George Fairbrother, Detroit. The regiment, in command of Colonel Copeland, left its rendezvous on the 4th of JJecember, 1862, with orders to proceed to Washington, having a strength of 1,144 officers and men. It had been subjected to a long delay in procuring arms and equipments, and finally had to leave only partly armed, but fully equipped, mounted, and clothed. A battery of light artillery was raised in connection with this regiment, classed as the 9th Michigan, originally known as "Daniel's," but was after- wards designated as Battery I, 1st Michigan Light Artillery. The 5tli carried ou its rolls during service 1,998 officers and men. Its casualties in 1863 were reported 23 died in action or of wounds, 39 wounded in action, 40 died of disease, with 121 missing in action, mostly taken prison- ers. In 1864, 76 died in action or of wounds, 117 wounded in action, 33 died of disease, 14 missing in action, with 194 taken prisoners. Its loss, as finally reported, was 4 officers and 94 men killed in action, 1 officer and 23 men died of wounds, and 3 officers and 333 men of disease. " No charm for him who lives not free! Like the day-star in the wave. Sinks a hero in his grave, Midst the dew-drop of a Nation's tears." SIXTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. " Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war. Let them not live to take this land's increase That -would with treason wound this fair land's peace." The Gth Cavalry was organized at Grand Rapids under authority granted to the Hon. F. W. Kellogg, M. C, by the War Department, approved by the Governor. Its recruitment being completed, it was mustered into the service of the United States on the 13th of October, 1862, with 1,229 officers and men on the rolls. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, George Gray, Grand Eapids. Lieutenant Colonel, Eupsell A. Alger, Detroit. Majors, Thaddeus Foote, Grand Kapids; Elijah D. Waters, Grand Eapids; and Simeon B. Brown, St. Clair. Surgeon, Daniel G. Wcare, Pentwater. Assistant Surgeon, David C. Spalding, Lyons. Adjutant, Hiram F. Hale, Battle Creek. Quartermaster, Charles H. Patten, Grand Eapids. Commissary, Jacob Chapman, Lowell. Chaplain, Stephen S. N. Greely, Grand Eapids. A. Captain, Henry E. Thompson, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, Manning D. Birge, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Stephen H. Ballard, Grand Eapids. Second Lieu- tenant, Joel S. Sheldon, Grand Eapids. B. Captain, Peter A. AVeber, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, "Warren C. Comstock, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Charles E. Bolza, Grand Eapids. Second Lieu- tenant, Charles E. Storrs, Blendon. C. Captain, Wesley Armstrong, Lapet-r. First Lieutenant, Edward Potter, Burchville. Second Lieutenant, WUham Creevy, Lexington. Second Lieutenant, George S. West, Lexington. D. Captain, Da\id G. Eoyce, Burns. First Lieutenant, Seymour Shipman, New Haven. Second Lieutenant, Horace B. Eogers, Lansing. Second Lieutenant, Schuyler F. Seager, Lansing. E. Captain, James H. Kidd, Ionia. First Lieutenant, Edward L. Craw, Lyons. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Franklin P. Nichols, Ionia. Second Lieutenant, Ambrose L. Soule, Lyons. F. Captain, William Hysor, Plainfield. First Lieutenant, Don C. Batcheldcr, Ypsilanti. Second Lieutenant. Don G. Lovell, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, George W. Crawford, Plainfield. G. Captain, George A. Drew. Detroit. First Lieutenant, Harrison L. Throop, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, William Hull, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Phincas G. White, Lapeer. H. Captain, Henry L. Wise, Caledonia. First Lieutenant, James H. Lobdell, Mus- kegon. Second Lieutenant, Horace H. Eichards, Paiis. Second Lieutenant, James W. Kellogg, Grand Eapids. I. Captain, Charles W. Deane, Pentwater. First Lieutenant, Eobert A. Moon, Big Eapids. Second Lieutenant, John S. Joslyn, Holly. Second Lieutenant, Malcom M. Moore, Grand Eapids. K. Captain, Jolm F. Andrews, Thornapple. First Lieutenant, Peter Cramer, Wood- land. Second Lieutenant, Lewis H. Jordan, Irving. Second Lieutenant, Caleb W. Eobinson, Grand Eapids. 72 CoG9) 570 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. L. Captain, John Torry, Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Philip G. Corej', Galesburg. Second Lieutenant, James Mather, Pavilion. Second Lieutenant, Elliott F. Covell, Grand Kapids. M. Captain, John M. Pratt, Saranac. First Lieutenant, Harvey H. Yinton, Vergennes, Second Lieutenant, Benjamin F. Kockafellow, Lyons. Second Lieutenant, Ellas B. Stone, Bowne. The regiment left its rendezvous iit Grand Kapids fully mounted and equipped, but not armed, on the 10th of December, 1862, in command of Colonel George Gray, under orders to proceed to Washington. While in the field, in 1803, a flag was procured and given to the Cth Cav- alry by General James H. Kidd, of Ionia, then major of the regiment. This flag was borne through many battles, and is now in possession of the State. In the latter part of 18C4 the citizens of Ionia had made a handsome silk flag, which was delivered to the regiment through the Hon. James II. Kidd, of that city. This flag, after being carried to the close of the war, was taken with the regiment to Wyoming on an expedition against the Indians, and was the first flag that floated over Fort Keno, on Powdei' river. It is now in pos- session of General Kidd, and is a highly prized souvenir of the regiment. During its term of service the Cth carried on the rolls 1,G24 officers and men. Its casualties reported in 1863 were 3G died in action or of wounds, 45 of disease, 77 missing in action. In 1864, 55 died in action or of wounds, 44 of disease, with 5 missing in action. Its loss as finally reported was 7 officers and 95 men killed in action, 18 men died of wounds, and 266 of disease. '• 'Midst tangled roots that lined the wild ravine, Where the fierce fight raged hottest through the day,. And where the dead in scattered heaps were seen, Speechless in death they lay." SEVENTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. " To arms! to arms! ye Dravo! God of Nations! hear the vow Which ■we offer to Thee now! Never, while an arm can save. Or one heart beats true and brave, Shall this banner for the free Be the shroud of Liberty!" The 7th Cavalry was raised under the superintendence of the Hon. F. W. Kellogg, with its rendezvous at Grand Rapids, its muster into service being at different dates. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, "William D. llann, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, AUyn C, Litchfield, Blendon, Majors, John S. Huston, Lyons; George K. Newcomb, Owosso; and Henry "\V. Granger, Grand Eapids. Surgeon, William Upjohn, Hastings. Assistant Surgeon, Adna Sherman, Lamont. Adjutant, Duane Doty, Ann Arbor. Quartermaster, Faruhani Lyon, Grand Eapids. Commissary, James W. Bentley, Hastings. A. Captain, Alexander Walker, Niles. First Lieutenant, George G. Briggs, Battle Creek. Second Lieutenant, James G. Birney, Bay Citj'. Second Lieutenant, Charles Lyon, Grand Eapids. B. Captain, Lynus F. Warner, Eoyalton. First Lieutenant, Elliott Gray, Tecumseh. Second Lieutenant, James C. Boughton, St. Joseph. Second Lieutenant, George W. Stonebumer, Grand Eapids. C. Captain, Daniel H. Darling, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Bradley M. Thomp- son, East Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Eobcrt Sproul, Birch Eun. Second Lieutenant, D. Captain, George A. Armstrong, Eaton Eapids. First Lieutenant, John Q. A. Ses- sions, Charlotte. Second Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, Henry M. Nevins, Grand Eapids. E. Captain, Wellington Willetts, Detroit. First Lieutenant, John A. Clark, Stockbridge. Second Lieutenant, Eoswell H. Holmes, Detroit. F. Captain, Stephen B. Mann, Palmyra. First Lieutenant, James L. Carpenter, Scipio. Second Lieutenant, Winchester T. Dodge, Orange. G. Captain, Bradley M. Thompson, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Joseph J. New- man, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, George W. Hill, Detroit. H. Captain, Eichard Douglas, Eoss. First Lieutenant, David Sergeant, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, John J. Hicks, Charleston. I. Captain, Hugh Eichards, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, , . Sec- ond Lieutenant, Myron H. Ellis, Ypsilanti. K. Captain, Herman N. Moore, Grand Eapids. First Lieutenant, , . Second Lieutenant, Hiram J. Ingersoll, Scipio. L. Captain, WiUiam H. Clipperton, East Saginaw. First Lieutenant, Joseph L. Mead, East Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Samuel B. Carll, Port Huron. M. Captain, Eobert Sproul, Birch Eun. First Lieutenant, , . Sec- ond Lieutenant, , . (5:i) 573 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. The first battalion of the regiment in command of Colonel Mann left its rendezvous at Grand Rapids on the 20th of February, 1863, the remaining companies joining in May following. The 7th carried on its rolls 1,779 officers and men during its term of service. Its casualties as reported were in 18(53: Died in action or of wounds,, 30; of disease, 50; wounded in action, 63; missing in action, 46; with 75 taken prisoners. In 1864, died in action or of wounds, 31 ; of disease, 37; wounded ing action, 128; and 179 missing in action. The actual loss of the regiment as finally reported was 2 officers, 47 men killed in action, 3 officers 24 men died of wounds, 1 officer and 246 men of disease. ""Whether on the scaffold high, Or in the battle's van, The fittest place for man to dio Is where he dies for man," MICHIGAN CAVALRY BRIGADE. On December 12th, 1862, the Brigade was formed at Washington, made up of regiments as follows: 5th, Colonel Freeman Norvell; Gth, Colonel George Gray; and 7th, Colonel William D. Mann, and General Joseph T. Oopeland assigned to its command with the following staff: Lieutenant Rich- ard Bayles, 5th Cavalry, assistant adjutant general ; Lieutenant Pliineas G. White, 6th Cavalry, assistant inspector general; Lieutenant Dallas Norvell, assistant quartermaster ; and Lieutenant Henry 11. Finley, 5th Cavalry, aid- de-camp. The 1st Cavalry was afterwards assigned to this brigade. The services of these regiments having been mostly rendered as a brigade, it has been found necessary to follow its service, relying upon the reports of commanders as to special notice of regiments and officers. General Lee having entered upon his northern campaign, had crossed the Potomac at several points, into Maryland and Pennsylvania. General Hooker, with the Union army, having moved from Fairfax, being also on the march northward, following him up, crossed that river on the 26th of June at Edward's Ferry, and in that vicinity. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade, in command of General Copeland, and forming a portion of Hooker's cavalry, moved from Fairfax Court House June 25th, 1863, via Dranesville, fording the Potomac at Edward's Ferry at 5 P. M. of that day, encamping at Poolsville, and next morning marched, via Sugar Loaf Mountain, crossing the Monocacy valley, and thence via Monocacy Junction to Frederick, Maryland. On the morning of the 27tli a part of the brigade, the 5th and Gth, in com- mand of General Copeland, moved from Frederick up the Cotoctin valley, in Pennsylvania to reconnoiter. Army headquarters had only been established at Frederick the night before. General Hooker being in command, Copeland's orders were direct from headquarters, and were, in brief, to march up the valley, keep a bright lookout for the enemy, or information of him, and com- municate anything of importance to army headquarters by courier. General Lee Avas supposed to have crossed the Potomac and to be on a nortiicrly march somewhere to the westward. Tiiis was the information in j)ossession of Gen- eral Copeland, but more might have been known at army headquarters. At Edward's Ferry the brigade had been weakened by the detachment of the 1st Cavalry sent to Harper's Ferry, and tlie 7tli Cavalry on special duty iu the direction of Sharpsburg, leaving only the 5th and tlic Gth to make this reconnoissance. (573) 0'<'4 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Copeland's command, marching in the direction of Gettysbnrg, encamped on the night of the 2?th at Ennnettsburg. Next morning the march was resumed, not meeting or hearing anything worth communicating until about 1 P. M. on the 28th, when, on entering the town of Gettysburg, being the first Union troops to occupy that place, it was ascertained that General Early's corps of General Lee's army liad already passed through the town on their way to York, and that Lougstreet's corps was reported as some few miles west of the town, following in Early's path, but probably then encamped for the night. This information was at once sent back to army headquarters by a sergeant and escort, and the brigade, after having posted strong pickets some three miles out on the leading roads into Gettysburg, bivouacked for the night in the town. During this reconnoissance dispatches from Early to Lee were captured, giving information regarding the Union forces; these were sent by Copeland to General Stahl, his immediate commander. General Copeland and his staff well knew that the command was resting and waiting for orders directly between two of the corps of Lee's army, but also knew that it was in better shape to gain information there than anywhere else, and being well mounted and strongly picketed it could not easily have been surprised or much injured in that position, even if attacked. At daylight the couriers returned from Frederick, bringing orders and much unexpected information. Meade had superseded Hooker, Pleasanton had been made chief of cavalry instead of Averill, Custer had been appointed to command the Michigan Cavalry Brigade in i^lace of Copeland, and Kilpatrick to command the cavalry division in place of Stahl. Copeland was ordered to turn over his command, after marching it back a couple of miles out of Gettysburg, to the next officer in rank. Col- onel Alger, 5tli Cavalry, and himself and staff were ordered to return at once to Frederick and report at army headquarters for duty. The 5th and 6th, in command of Alger, proceeded via Emmettsburg and thence to Littletown, and encamped. Next morning moved toward Hanover, where the entire brigade became united under the command of General Custer. The only interesting incident, except resting all night in Gettysburg, in the middle, as it were, of the enemy's line, being the meeting by General Copeland, on his way back to Frederick, with General Keynolds at the head of his com- mand, the 1st and 11th corps, to whom the important information General Copeland had gained was personally communicated. The next heard of General Keynolds, on regaining the battle ground on July 1st, was that he had been killed in action, having encountered Early's corps on the outskirts of Gettysburg, that corps having returned from its march to York as soon as it was known that Meade's army was coming up. Copeland also learned that Keyuolds's command had been driven into a strong position on Cemetery hill, and that the Union army, as it came up, had taken post on his left, on the crest of the prolongation of the same ridge to Round Top. Copeland, much mortified at the loss of his command, was compelled to remain a non-combatant, and with his staff witnessed from the rear of that position the battle of the 2d, without an opportunity to take part. On the 3d General Copeland, with his staff, then composed of Assistant Adjutant General Freeman Norvell, who had resigned the colonelcy of the oth Cavalry and been appointed in the staff of the army; assistant quarter- master. Lieutenant Phineas C White, Gth Cavalry; assistant commissary. Lieutenant Fred. A. Copeland, 5th Cavalry; aids-de-camp. Lieutenant Henry MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 575 11. Finley, oth Cavalry, and Lieutenant William Colrick, 1st Cavalry, joined General Alphens S. Williams and staff, then commanding a division in Slo- cum's corps on Culp's Hill, and remained ^vitll them during the terrilic battle and repulse of the enemy of that afternoon. The following day, the attack not being resumed, it was ascertained that Lee had abandoned further offensive operations and drawn back his line a mile. General Copelaud reported on the morning of the 5th to General Meade, and was ordered to proceed to Wash- ington at once with dispatches to the Secretary of AVar. These were prepared by General Seth Williams, and by 12 o'clock he was on the road to Washington. On the Oth he arrived and reported to Secretary Stanton. On the 14tli he was ordered to establish a Draft Kendezvous at Annapolis Junction, and for that purpose was sent there and proceeded to organize. When all was prepared for the establishment of headquarters, General Gregg was ordered there and Copeland was ordered to Pittsburg with his staff, to es- tablish the Draft Kendezvous there. This was accomplished and its headquar- ters were established seven miles from Pittsburg, by the first of September. After six or seven months of very onerous and important duty there, Gen- eral Copeland was ordered to report to General Eosecrans, in St. Louis, Mo-, and on reporting was ordered to command the post and military prison at Alton, 111., which command he held until the close of the war. George A. Custer was born in Ohio, and appointed from that State to the Military Academy at West Point. On his graduation he was assigned as a Second Lieutenant to the 5th United States Cavalry, June 24th, 18G1. Although not a native of Michigan at the time of his appointment to the academy, his parents were residents of Monroe, in this State, during the early part of the war, and probably at the time of his assignment to active service with the army. In May, 1862, he was serving as a staff officer with the army on the Penin- sula under McClellau. The bravery and dash of Lieutenant Custer first came into notice in connec- tion with a gallant charge made by the -4th Michigan Infantry at Newbridge, on June 24, 18G2, where as a staff officer he hiul been sent to give directions as to the point of attack. He accompanied the 4th, when in the face of a severe fire it forded the Chickahominy, making a most successful attack, driv- ing the rebels from their position with loss. Company A of this regiment, commanded by Captain Luce, was the leading company in this gallant affair, and was raised in Monroe where the home of Custer then was. It is singular that the gallantry of a portion of the troops of Michigan, in connection with his own, first brought Custer into notice, and that the great military reputation he afterwards readied was acquired principally in com- mand of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, which attained a most enviable na- tional reputation, and was noted, both in the Union and rebel armies, as among the best cavalry in the service. His career as a military leader was of the most successful character ; his fearless dash and daring achievements made him the terror of his foes and the idol of his officers and men. These characteristics were natural in him, and when the war ended his gal- lant service on the plains in Indian warfare made them continuous, ending only with his last gallant defense on the ''Little Big Horn liiver," June 2Jth, 187G, when in command of the 7th U. S. Cavalry ho was attacked by an overwhelm- 576 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. ing force of Sioux Indians, and after making one of the most desperate fights on record, he, with his entire command was annihilated. "Now his plume is at rest, his sword in its sheath, And the hand that should grasp it is nerveless in death." On the 29th of June, 1863, Lieutenant Custer had been appointed a Briga- dier General of volunteers, and under orders assumed command of the Mich- igan Cavalry Brigade, composed of the 1st, Colonel Town ; 5th, Colonel Alger ; 6th, Colonel Gray ; and 7th, Colonel Mann. Under his command it entered upon and took part in the operations of the army preceding and in the great battle of Gettysburg, having been heavily engaged on the 30th of June at Hanover. On July 1st it marched toward York, passing through Abbotsville to Berlin, encamping there that night; next day it engaged the enemy at Hunterstown, and on the 3d at Gettysburg. In the advance, and in the early engagements with the rebel army, and throughout the whole battle as well as in the pursuit of the retreating enemy, the brigade took a prominent part, distinguishing itself for bravery and suc- cessful achievement in every encounter with the enemy, and finally made a most gallant attack on his rear guard at Falling Waters, driving it to the the river, killing and capturing large numbers. Following are extracts from the reports of the commanders of these regi- ments, covering operations on the Pennsylvania campaign and the part taken by them in the battles at Gettysburg and in that vicinity : Report of Colonel Town, commanding 1st Cavalry : "At Hanover, Pa., June 30th, the regiment was not actively employed. It was ordered to support Battery M, 2d Artillery, which was in position on a hill in rear of the town until a late hour in the afternoon, wlien the battery was ordered to a new position. The regiment was ordered to hold the hill (the old position) by order of General Farnsworth, since deceased. "At the battle of Hunterstown, July 2d, the regiment was put in line of battle on the right of the road, near the village. One squadron, under command of Captain A. W. Dug- gan, was detached to hold a road leading into the town from the right front of it. One platoon was employed as skirmishers on the left of the road leading into the town from the rear. This platoon was actively engaged and did good service. " On the 3d of July the regiment, with others composing the 2d brigade, was ordered to repel an attack on General Meade's right. The position of the regiment was fre- quently changed during the day, but without meeting the enemy until about 4 P. M., when the 7th Michigan Cavalry, which had been deployed as skirmishers, was rapidly driven in by the enemy's cavalry (Hampton's brigade) . The duty devolved upon the 1st Michigan of saving Battery M, and the day, which was then going against us. Nobly did the ' Old 1st' do its duty. Charging in close column, the troopers using the saber only, the host of rebel myrmidons were immediately swept from the field. Never before in the history of the war has one regiment of National cavalry met an entii-e brigade of Confed- erate cavalry (composed, as this brigade was, of regiments each of which equaled in point of numbers the 1st JVlichigau) in open field in a charge and defeated them. By the bless- ing of God this was done by the 1st Michigan. Tlie enemy were not only defeated, but they were driven from the field in great confusion, and this regiment held the ground until ordered to a new position. I cannot say too much in praise of the officers and men of my command upon this occasion. That each did his duty is verified by the fact that the loss of the regiment in ten minutes was six officers and eighty men. "The division to wliich tliis regiment is attached moved early on the morning of the 4th of July to Emnicttsburg; from thence it proceeded toward Monterey, Before reaching that place tlie enemy Avas discovei'cd in force upon the hills to the right of tlie road. At Eountaindale, a small viihigo some miles this side of Monterey, this regijneut — being in advance of the colunni — was sent on a road leading from the i-ight of the town to Fairfield Gap, Upon reaching tlie Gap, the enemy was found occupying it. A cliarge was made by Lieutenant Colonel Stagg, with one squadron, which, with the aid of the other portion of the regiment doj»loyed as skirmishers, was successful in driving the enemy from the MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 577 Gap. The regiment held the position until the entire column and train had passed, though the enemy made a strong effort, with superior numbers, to drive it out. "My command sustained a heavy loss hero. Lieutenant Colonel Stagg, leading the charge, had his horse killed under him, and falling was seriously injured. Captain Wll- Ham R. Elliott, while bravely leading his company, was mortally wounded and died the next morning. Lieutenant James S. McElhenny, at that time commanding Company G, was killed instantly at Captain Elliott's side, yeventcen men also were lost in this engagement. I must embrace the present opportunity of paying a parting tribute to the memory of tiio noble men whoso names I have mentioned above. Elliott and McElhenny were indeed types of the Union soldier. Both of them had volunteered, impressed with the idea of the justness of the cause of the Union. They devoted their whole time to their duties, ever ready and faithful in their discharge. They died as the Union soldier loves to die, loading in the charge. They died, too, earnestly endeavoring to perpetuate the beloved institutions of our country on tlio anniversary day of its birth. Two officers and six men were lost the same evening at Monterey. " On the 14th this regiment was first to come to the relief of the Cth Michigan Cavalry which had engaged the enemy near Falling Waters. The brave Weber had just made bis gallant charge as the regiment came up, joining with the 6th lighting on foot. The enemy were soon driven from the field. It was here that the Michigan brigade led by the gen- eral commanding (Kilpatrick) in person, did noble work. Each regiment vied with the other in deeds of daring. Five hundred prisoners, one gun, two caissons, three battle flags, and a large quantity of small arms attest the labor done. The 1st Michigan had the honor of capturing two of the three flags, and the 47th llegiment Vu'ginia Infantry as well, at least so much as was on the field, being 56 men and five officers. "This engagement was the last in which the regiment participated under my command. Since that time Major Brewer has had the command of it. Permit me here to speak of the late Captain Charles J. Snyder of my regiment, who was mortally wounded while gallantly leading a squadron of the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry, in the streets of Hagers- town on the 6th of July, and died of his wounds July 21st following. He had been detailed from the regiment for some days as an aid for General Kilpatrick, and was ordered by that officer to assist in the charge. Fearlessly he went upon his duty, and, as an eye witness informed me, nobly did he discharge it. Meeting six sturdy Confederates he engaged them single handed, cutting three of them out of the saddle and putting the rest to flight, though he received a pistol shot which caused his death, and a sabre cut upon the head as well early in the melee. The memory of this brave and noble hearted man will ever be cherished with brotherly fondness by officers and men of the 1st Michigan Cavalry. " It was Sergeants Alfonso Chilson and James B. Lyon, of the 1st Michigan, who cap- tured the 47th Virginia colors, together with a major and 70 men, at Falling Waters. The 47th was deployed, the major and 40 men were standing together in a hollow, when Ser- geant Chilson marched up to tiie flag-bearer and seized the flag, at the same time Sergeant Lyon ordered the whole party to surrender, which order was very quickly obeyed, the rebels throwing down their arms. Passing then to the rear Sergeants Chilson and Lyon captured 20 more men of the same regiment, all of whom they safely escorted to the rear. Privates Edward Ives and Edward Clark in the same battle captured the colors of the 40th Virginia Eegiment, near the pontoon bridge, and while the rebels were destroying the bridge. " Report made to the Adjutant Geueral of the Army, July 1st, 1880, by Col- onel Alger, commanding 5tli Cavalry, covering operations of his regiment: "In compliance with the former request from your predecessor, General Townsend, asking for a report of the 5th Michigan Cavalry Vols., for the ' Gettysburg Campaign,' as none for the regiment is on file in llie War Department, I liave the honor to submit the following, believing it to be entirely correct, as far as it goes: " I find letters written by nie to my wile of the following dates, giving our movements quite fully: Faiifax Court House, Va., Juno 24Lh, 1803; Frederick, Md., June 20th, 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., June 28th. 1803; Hanover Pa., July 1st, 1803; Enunettsburi;, Md., July 4th, 1803; Boonsborough, Md., July 8th, 1863; Frederick, Md., July 10th, 1803. " I have also official copies of the reports of General Custer commanding our brigade, and General Kilpatrick commanding our division, covering the same period, kindly fur- nished me by your ofllce. I have also had the assistance of General L. S. Trowbridge, then a major in my regiment, and afterwai'ds colonel of 10th Michigan Cavahy, and brevet major general. "June 2uUa, 1803, at 3 o'clock A. M., my regiment which was brigaded with the 6th 73 578 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Michigan Cavalry, Brigadier General Copeland commanding, marched from Fairfax Court House, and during that afternoon crossed the Potomac river at Edward's Feriy, and encamped during tlie night at Poolsville Md. "June 26th. Marched to Frederick, Md., where we received a grand and loyal wel- come from the citizens, thousands of whom were on the streets and in their windows, waving Union flags and making other demonstrations of joy. "June 27th. We marched from Frederich to Emmettsburg, Md., and encamped. "Sunday, June 28th, wo marched from Emmettsburg to Gettysburg, Pa., where I arrived with my regiment in the morning, capturing a few straggling rebels, and learned that the enemy's cavalry had just vacated the town, and that their main army was sup- posed to be moving towards the interior of Pennsylvania. Genei'al Copeland, with his staff and the 6th Michigan Cavalry, arrived a few hours later. " Such demonstrations of joy as we witnessed, made by the good people of Gettysburg upon our arrival, it has never been my privilege to witness, either before or since; they almost literally covered my soldiers with flowers. How little they realized the terrible scenes that were to be enacted near their homes so soon thereafter. My regiment was greatly delighted with the honor of being the lirst to enter that place and learn definitely of l^e whereabouts of the enemy. "June 29th. We marched back to Emmettsburg. During the day Genei-al Copeland was relieved of his command, which was turned over to me temporarily. "June 30th. We naarched to Littletown, Pa., where the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, being 2d brigade, 3d cavalry division, Army of the Potomac, consisting of the 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan Cavalry, and Captain Pennington's battery of the U. S. Regular Artilleiy, was formed and placed under the command of Brigadier General G. A. Custer. From Littletown we marched to Honover, Pa., where my regiment had its first serious encounter with the enemy. General Stuart's cavalry being near that place, I was left with my regiment to intercept him, should he move upon the road I was left to guard. Towards evening the enemy attacked me in quite a large force. I charged him, driving him some distance, dismounted my command and fought him on foot, killing and captur- ing quite a number. My loss was quite severe. "It is proper here to state that my regiment was armed with the Spencer rifle, being the only regiment in the brigade, and I think in our division, then provided with that weapon. Consequently I was then and afterwards required to do very much fighting on foot. "July 2d. Was at the fight at Hunterstown, Pa., but I was not engaged except in slight skirmishing; sustained no loss. "July 3d. At 10 A. M. our brigade, being on the right of the army, the enemy's cav- alry under General Stuart appeared in our front in large force. I was ordered to dis- mount my regiment to dismount and attack him, which I did, drivinjx him back about half a mile and into a thick wood. Here he rallied and attacked me and was repulsed, but with a heavy loss to my regiment as well as to him. Again he attacked me, moving round on my left flank, but was again repulsed. In this last attack I also sustained a serious loss, including the gallant Major Noah H. Ferry (brother of U. S. Senator Ferry), of my regiment. "Being unable to hold my position longer, my ammunition being nearly exhausted, and while the enemy were diverted by a charge of the 7th Cavalry, Colonel Mann, on my right, I fell back and mounted my regiment. While mounting, "the enemy charged past my right flank about forty rods distant, driving the 7th Michigan back in confusion; at that moment, having mounted a portion of my command, 1 directed Major Trowbridge to take it and charge the enemy, which he did gallantly, having his horse shot and killed under him in so doing. "A few moments later the balance of the regiment was engaged, and the enemy checked and driven from the field, only, however, to rally and come down upon our brigade in still greater numbers. This charge was met by Colonel Town with his 1st Michigan, which had been held in reserve until now, who charged, checked, and broke the enemy's ranks, drivmg him from the field in confusion, assisted by the other regi- ments of the brigade. "I cannot pass the notice of this charge of the 1st Cavalry without adding a word to its aU'eady recorded well-earned praise. I do not believe it had its equal during the war, if ever."^ The squadrons, with almost faultless alignment, were hurled upon tiic largely superior nunibms of the enemy, and as each squadron came up it was bn)ken and forced out on either flank of the succeeding one, which filled its place, until over one-half of the regiment was broken up. But the rebels could not stand such terrible and rapid blows, * The clinrge referred to liy Colonel Alger lias pnssed into history as one of the most gallant of the war, and is now cited as exemplary, worthy of following in the cavalry service of our country. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 579 and ■wcro forced to leave the field in haste and confusion, while the broken squadron of the gallant 1st formed as best they could in the rear of their regiment and joined in the pursuit. This left our brigade in possession of that hotly contested field, and night having closed in, this terrible battle ended; and at our left, -where tlie roar of cannon and musiietry had been kept up all day, all was now quiet except occasional desultory firing along the line. My loss in killed and wounded was very severe. Major Ferry, wlio was cheering his battalion to hold its ground, was instantly killed. His death cast a deep gloom upon tho whole brigade. He was a gallant soldier and an exemplary man, and his loss was a great blow. July 4th at 10 o'clock A. 31., our division marched from Gettysburg battle-field to intercejit the enemy, who was retreating along the South Mountain road towards "Williams- port. We marched via Emmettsburg up the road leading to Monterey, a small place, as it appeared in the night, on tho top of South Mountain range, tho 5th Michigan Cavalry being in the advance. As wo approached the summit of the mountain about midnight (the night being very dark) we were surprised by the enemy opening fire upon us with two howitzers, charged with grape shot, at close range. The contusion following was only for a moment, and they were soon driven off and the command moved forward. Arriving at the summit of the mountain, the trains of the enemy could be distinctly heard moving along down the road which intercepted the line of our march— the road leading down tho west; slope of the mountain toward Williamsport. Near the junction of the two roads and between us and the trains of the enemy, was a bridge over a deep stream swollen by the heavy rains of the afternoon of thcltli, wliich was guarded by over one thousand of tho enemy's infantry. This bridge the 51h Cavalry charged across, forming its lino on the opposite side of the bridge by the Hashes of its guns (tho regiment being dismounted) and moved forward at a double quick upon tiie enemy, and was followed by the mounted escort of General Kilpatrick. This cliarge resulted in the capture of about fifteen hundred prisoners and a large train of wagons, the latter Extending from tho top to the base of the mountain, which Avere mostly burned, and the mules attached to them turned over to the quartermaster. I cannot speak in terms of too high praise of the behavior of my regiment in this engagement. It was the most trying place it had passed through up to that time, if not during its organization. " July 51h. Wo had some skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry, who followed us, but nothing serious. We encamped near Boonsborough, Md. "July Cth. We marched with tho division to Hagerstown, Md. Had some skirmishing with the advance of the rebel army. From that place we marched down the turnpike to near Williamsport. My regiment being in advance, I was ordered by General Kilpatrick to charge into Williamsport, but just as we had drawn sabres and I had given tho order to 'Trot, march!' the order was countermanded and I formed my regiment in a sheltered place behind some rocks on the left of the road, and at the same time the enemy opened fire upon us with a battery of artillery in front. Near this place we remained until near night, skirmishing some in front with dismounted men, when it was discovered that the advance of the enemy's infantry was close upon us. "At that moment orders wei'e received to fall back at once, which we did under cover of the twilight, passing along within two hundred yards of the enemy's infantry for more tlian a quarter of a mile, while they, with stacked arnis in the road where we had passed down, saw us march by unmolested, evidently supposing we belonged to their army. This movement was only participated in by my regiment, the balance of the command having moved away much earlier, but being on our extreme right tho orders had not reached mo until it was found that my command was missing. I was holding a position to guard tho front only, supposing others were attending to the rear. We marched back to Boons- borough that niglit, and encamped. "July 7th. We remained in camp. "July 8tli. About 10 o'clock A. M. we met the enemy in large force between Boons- borough and Hagerstown, about three miles from Boonsborough. Here, again, on account of some stone Avails, I was ordered to dismount my command and charge the enemy who was strongly posted in a piece of Avood. We attacked him vigorously, driving him out of his lines and far beyond. In this last charge I Avas seriously Avounded and carried from the field and did not join my command again until September, on tlio day our caAalry drove Stuart's command out of Culpepper Court House. " My regiment participated in the engagement at Hagerstown on the 12th, when Lieuten- ant Colonel Ciould Avas seriously Avoundcd Avhilc leading a cluuge at Falling Waters July 14th, and at the subsequent batlles and skirmishes had Avith tho enemy during his retro- grade njovemeut. "I regret, exceeding, that my ofllcial report, made soon after this campaign, is miss- ing. It contained many accounts of personal bravery and daring Avliicli 1 cannot noAT relate, and to particularize at this remote date might do much injustice to many Avhoso names Avould not be mentioned as they deserved. 580 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. "I cannot, however, close this report without adding that in every engagement both ofiBcers and men filled their places as they should, and earned •well the reputation which they always sustained, and of which any command might well be proud. " From a report of Major Dake, who assumed command of the regiment after the wounding of Colonel Alger and Lieutenant Colonel Gould : "July 9th, Kemained quietly at Boonsborough during day and night. "July 10th. Proceeded to the right of Funkstown and picketed the right during day and night. "July 11th. Still on picket and support for the battery, "July 12th. Moved towards Hagerstown; charged through the city, everywhere driv- ing the enemy. Lieutenant Colonel Gould was wounded in the charge. Two squadrons dismounted on the left of the city and drove a superior force from its position. Picketed during the rest of the day and night. "July 13th. The regiment remained on picket in and around the city during the day and night. "July 14th. Moved out of Hagerstown in the advance to Winiamsport, charged into the town, met no considerable force, moved to the right of the town, and up the river bank, and drove a small force of the enemy's rear guard across the river, capturing a con- siderable number of prisoners. Rejoined the brigade at Falling Waters. "July 15th. Marched to Boonsborough. "July 16th. Marched to Berlin, on the Potomac, and remained day and night, "July 17th. Crossed to Purcelville and Snicker's Gap, arriving at the latter place about noon. Dismounted and deployed as skirmishers. After skirmishing some time, took posession of and held the Gap for the night. Several prisoners were captured. "July 18th. Remained in possession of the Gap all day, and then returned to Purcel- ville, "July 19th. Marched from Purcelville to Upperville. "July 20th, Moved toward Ashby's Gap; dismounted, deployed as skirmishers, and moved up into the mountains — the advance resisting a cavalry charge while the skirmish- ers, driving the enemy from the Gap, took possession of it. Returned to Uppei-ville same night, "July 21st. Still at Upperville, On the 22d moved to Manassas railroad. "July 23d. Moved to Newby's Ci'oss Roads, in advance, ten squadrons dismounting to fight; deployed as skirmishers and moved on the right. Two squadrons, mounted, re- mained iu line in front. After some skirmishing obeyed orders to fall back. " Keport of Colonel Gray, commanding Gth Cavalry: " On the morning of June 30th this regiment, with the 5th, occupied Littletown, Penn.; while Company A was on a reconnoissance toward Westminster, the remainder of the regiment (nine companies) proceeded to Hanover. On approaching the last named place we came upon the enemy's skirmishers, whom wo drove to their guns, which we unex- pectedly found posted on our right, supported by a large force of cavalry. Their battery opened upon us, when we withdrew. In making this movement we were completely flanked by another body of the enemy's cavalry, outnumbering my command at least six to one. I placed two companies (B and F) in position to protect our rear and to check the enemy's advance. These companies met, by counter charges, tliree successive charges of the enemy, with a loss on our part of from fifteen to twenty captured and a loss to the enemy of several wounded and captured. The regiment then moved by the left of the road to Hanover, and there reported to General Custer, " Company A having been called in from the Westminster road, joined a portion of the 5th Michigan Cavalry, and later in the day had an engagement with the cavalry force of the enemy. "On reporting to General Custer at Hanover, this regiment was at once deployed as skinnislicrs, forming a lino of battle one mile in length, advanced upon the enemy and drove them until they withdrew. " On the evening of July 2d the regiment encountered the enemy's cavalry at Hunters- town. Company A, under command of Captain H. A. Thompson, charged a brigade of cavalry, and tliough suffering great loss, so checked the enemy as to enable our battery to be placed in a position. Three otiier squadrons then dismounted, and with their rifles drove the enemy back, when the guns of our battery caused them to hastily leave the field. "July 3d. At Gettysburg the regiment was ordered to the support of the battery, four companies being pushed forward in front, dismounted, four remaining through a great part of the engagement mounted and immediately on the left of the battery, exposed to MICHIGAN IN THE \fAIL 681 the shot and shell of the enemy's guns. The other companies were engaged as skirmish- ers to the front and right. "July 4th. At Monterey, when the attack was made on the enemy's train, this regi- ment dismounted and deployed as skirmishers; fought the enemy, who were advan- tageously posted in the woods on either side of the road, and supported by two guns. Here, again, the enemy was driven with great loss on their part and slight on ours. "July 5th. At Smithburg this regiment was employed in supporting the battery. "July 6th. AtHagerstown the regiment, having been in rear of the column on the march, was ordered to the front, but on arriving there General Custer, having driven the enemy, ordered us back. " Same day, at 'Wiliiamsport, passing in the direct range of the enemy's guns, thereby losing one officer killed, and three wounded, the regiment was posted on the front and to the right of our battery, and connecting with the skirmishers of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, protected our own guns and held the enemy, who was advancing on our right, until the remainder of our command left the position, the 1st and 6th being the last to retire. "July 8th. At Boonsborough this regiment was deployed to the lelt of the Hagers- town road, and after a sharp and hotly contested engagement, lasting several hours, repulsed and routed the enemy, and drove him three miles, and until night closed the pursuit. The rebel General Stuart was in person directing the assault in front of this regiment on that occasion. "July 11th. This regiment was ordered to do picket duty before Hagerstown txim- pike on the right, towards Funkstown on the left. Here during the entire day we were engaged skirmishing with the enemy's sharp-shooters. Our loss was only two wounded. The enemy was seen to carry several of his dead and wounded from his line. "July 12th. Participated in the capture of Hagerstowu. "July 14th. At Falling Waters, the regiment being in advance of all others, came upon a division of the enemy's infantry in a very strong position behind earth-works, on the crown of a hill. The advance guard (Companies B and F), under Major P. A. Weber, charged tliem up to and within their fortifications. An entire brigade surrendered to this mere handful of men, when another brigade, drawn up in line in rear of the first, opened a murderous fire upon the gallant little band, in which the others, who had just sur- rendered, also joined, and the survivors were compelled to withdraw, leaving the bodies of many of their gallant and lamented comrades within rebel works, a witness of their noble and heroic daring. The remainder of the regiment, deployed as skirmishers, then engaged the vastly superior force of the enemy, but, overpowered by numbers, fell back to the cover of a hill, where they were joined by the 1st Michigan Cavalry. These two regiments then marched forward and charged the enemy, who fled with great loss. The flight soon became a route, and soon nothing was to be seen of that division but the dead and wounded covering the fields and the crowds of prisoners in our hands. "July 20th. The regiment participated in the capture of Ashby's Gap, and by order of Colonel Town, brigade commander, proceeded rapidly to Berry's Ford, on the Shenan- doah, where we encountered the enemy strongly entrenclied on the opposite side of the river. After a skirmish, lasting some hours, there being no means of crossing the river, we were ordered to return. Our loss was three wounded. "July 24th. Engaged in the reconnoissance from Amisville to Newby's Cross Roads. The regiment, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Foote, was deployed as skirmishers, and occupied the left of the line. After driving the enemy's line of skirmishers and accomplishing the object of the reconnoissance, the command was ordered back to Amis- ville. On the return this regiment, occupying the (then) right, and in a naiTow lane, found itself flanked by a brigade of the enemy's infantry, but succeeded in efifecting the movement with but little loss." Report of Major Newcombe, 7th Cavalry: "At Hanover, Pa., on the 30th of June, the regiment having the advance of the brigade in its rapid return from Abbottstown was thrown into position on the lelt of the turnpike to tlie left and front of Battery M, 2d U. S. Artillery. Two squadrons were dismounted and advanced as skirmishers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield. In the progress of the action the regiment was moved to the right of the town as a support to Battery M. The skirmishers, after having advanced beyond the town and exhausted their ammunition, were withdrawn. At about 5 o'clock P. M., Companies C, H, and E, under command of Major Newcombe, were sent to occupy the town, which they took possession of and held until night, when the enemy withdrew. " At Hagerstown, on July 2d, the regiment, except one squadron, held in reserve, was advanced on the left as dismounted skirmishers. "At Gettysburg, on the 3d of July, on the extended right of our line during the early part of the day the regiment, as reserve and as a support to Battery M, occupied various 582 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. positions on the field. At about 4 o'clocli: P. M. the regiment was ordered to charge the advancing line of the enemy's skirmishers, who were strongly supported by their cavalry reserve. A desperate but unequal hand-to-hand conflict here occurred. The regiment being finally obliged to retire twice, rallied under a sharp fire from the enemy, without support or cover, and returned to the charge and held the field until the advance of the 1st Michigan. "At Monterey, on the night of the 4th of July, two companies, under command of Cap- tain Armstrong, were detached to hold the mountain road. The remainder of the regi- ment fought on the right as dismounted skirmishers. "At Smithburg, July 5th, the regiment supported Battery M and occupied the extreme left. "At Hagerstown, July Cth, the regiment, having supported the battery in the early part of the affair, was afterward advanced on the right nearly past the town, when it was dismounted and thrown forward as skirmishers, driving the enemy beyond the town, and was then recalled. "At "Williamsport same day, supported a battery. "July 8th, at Boonsborough, in the early part of the action, supported Battery M on the right of the Hagerstown road. As our line of skirmishers was falling back. Major Newcomb, with his battahon, dismounted and advanced to their support. The line advanced under a heavy fire and drove the enemy from the woods. Reinforcements com- ing up, a charge was made and the enemy was driven from the field. The remainder of the regiment supported the skirmishers, and was exposed to a heavy fire. " On the 12th of July, the regiment being attached to the 1st brigade, with it entered Hagerstown under a sharp fire from the enemy. In the afternoon the regiment was ad- vanced to support the infantry at the extreme right of the town. "At Falling Waters, July i4th, on coming into action, Major Granger was di.spatched to the right, where dismountmg a portion of his command, he soon took from the enemy a ten-pounder Parrott gun, which, after having turned against the enemy with great effect, he brought from the field. Another portion of the regiment went to the support of the skii'mishers, and the remainder as a support to Battery M. The enemy's column advanc- ing to charge the battery, that portion of the right supporting it— seventy sabres — advanced to the charge and brought from the field 400 prisoners, with the battle-flag of the 55th Virginia. The dismounted skirmishers of the 7th captured the colonel of the 55th, with several other officers and a squad of men." following is General Custer's report, made August 22d, 18G3, covering the operations of his cavah'y during a portion of the battle of Gettysburg: " In compliance with instructions received from the headquarters of the 3d division, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my command in the engagements near Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863: " At an early hour on the morning of the 3d I received an order, through a staff officer of the brigadier general commanding the division, to move at once my command and fol- low the 1st brigade on the road leading from Two Taverns to Gettysburg. "Agreeably to the above instructions my column was formed and moved out on the road designated, when a staff officer of Brigadier General Gregg, commanding 2d division, ordered me to take my command and place it in position on the pike leading from York to Gettysburg, which position formed the extreme right of our line of battle on that day. Upon arriving at the point designated I immediately placed my command in position, fac- ing toward Gettysburg. At the same time I caused rcconnoissances to be made on my front, right, and rear, but failed to discover any considerable force of the enemy. Every- thing remained quiet until 10 A. M., when the enemy appeared on my right flank, and opened upon me with a battery of six guns. Leaving two guns and a regiment to hold my first position and cover the road leading to Gettysburg, I shifted the remaining por- tion of my command, forming a new line of battle at right angles to my former line. The enemy had obtained correct x-ange of my new position, and was pouring solid shot and shell into my command with great accuracy. Placing two sections of Battery M, 2d Beg- ular Artillery, in position, I ordered them to silence the enemy's battery, which order, notwithstanding the superiority of the enemy's position, was successfully accomplished in a veiy short space of time. My lino, as it then existed, was shaped like the letter L. The shorter branch formed one section of Battery M, supported by tour squadrons of the 6th Michigan Cavahy, faced toward Gettysburg, covering tlie Gettysburg pike; the long branch, composed of the remaining two sections of Battery M, 2d Artillery, supported by a portion of the Cth Micliigan Cavalry on the left and the 1st Michigan Cavalry on the right, with the 7tli Michigan Cavalry "still further to the right and in advance, was held in i-eadiness to repel any attack the enemy might make coming on the Oxford road. The MICHIGAN IN THE ^VAli. 583 5th Michigan Cavalry was dismounted and ordered to take position in front of my center and left. Tho 1st ^lichigan Cavalry was hold in a column of squadrons, to observe the movements of the enemy. I ordered fifty men to bo sent one mile and a half on tho Oxford road, while a detachment of equal size was sent one mile and a half on tho road leading from Gettysburg to York, both the detachments being under the command of the gallant Major "Webber, who, from time to time kept mo so well informed of tho move- ments of the enemy that I was enabled to make my dispositions with complete success. At 12 o'clock an order was transmitted to me from the brigadier general commanding the division, by one of his aids, directmg me, upon being reHeved by a brigade from the 2d division, to move with my command and form a junction with tho 1st brigade on the ex- treme left. On the arrival of the brigade of the 2d division, commanded by Colonel Mc- intosh, I prepared to execute the order. Before I had left my position Brigadier General Gregg, commanding the 2d division, arrived with his entire command. Learning the true condition of affairs in my front, and rightly conjecturing that the enemy was making his disposition for vigorously attacking our position, Brigadier General Gregg ordered mo to remain in the position I then occupied. "The enemy was soon after reported to be advancing on my front. The detachment of fifty men sent on the Oxford road were driven in, and at the same time the enemy's Hne of skirmishers, consisting of dismounted cavalry, appeared on tho crest of the ridge of hills on my front. The line extended beyond my left. To repel their ad- vance, I ordered the 5th Jlichigau Cavalry to a mofe advanced position, with instruc- tions to maintain their ground at all hazards. Colonel Alger, commanding tho 5th, assisted by ^Majors Trowbridge and Ferry, of the same regiment, made such admirable disposition of their men behind fences and other defenses as enabled them to successfully repel the repeated advance of a greatly superior force. I attributed their success in a great measure to the fact that this regiment is armed with the Spencer repeating rifle, which m the hands of brave, determined men, like those composing the 5th Michigan Cav- alry, is, in my estimation, the most effective fire-arm that our cavalry can adopt. Colonel Alger held his ground until his men had exhausted their ammunition, when he was com- pelled to fall back on the main body. The beginning of this movement was the signal for the enemy to charge, which they did with two regiments, mounted and dismounted. I at once ordered the 7lh Michigan Cavalry, Colonel ^lanii, to charge the advancing column of the enemy. The ground over which we had to pass was very unfavorable for the maneuvering of cavalry, but, despite all obstacles, this regiment advanced boldly to the assault, which was executed in splendid style, the enemy being driven from Held to field until our advance reached a high and unbroken fence, behind which the enemy were strongly posted. Nothing daunted, Colonel Mann, followed by the main body of his reg- iment, bravely rode up to the fence and discharged their revolvers in tho very face of the foe. No troops could have maintained this position; the 7th was, therefore, compelled to retire, followed by twice the number of the enemy. By this time Colonel Alger, of the 5th Michigan Cavalry, had succeeded in mounting a considerable portion of his regiment, and gallantly advanced to the assistance of tho 7th, whose further pursuit by the enemy he checked. At the same time an entire brigade of the enemy's cavalry, consisting of four regiments, appeared just over the crest in our front. They were formed in column of regiments. To meet this overwhelming force I had but ono available regiment — the 1st Michigan Cavalry, and the fire of battery M, 2d regular artillery. I at once ordered the 1st to charge, but learned at the same moment that similar orders had been given by Brigadier General Gregg. As before stated, the 1st was formod in column of battahons. Upon receiving the order to charge. Colonel Town, placing himself at the head of his command, ordered the 'trot' and sabers to be drawn. In this manner the gallant body of men advanced to tho attack of a force outnumbering them live to one. In addition to this numerical superiority, the enemy had the advantage of position and were exultant over the repulse of the 7th Michigan Cavalry. All these facts considered, would seem to ren- der success on the part of the 1st impossible. Not so, however. Arriving within a few yards of the enemy's column the chai-go was ordered, and with a yell that spread terror before them, the 1st Michigan Cavalry, led by Colonel Town, rode upon the front rank of the enemy, sabering all who came Avithin reach. For a moment, but only a moment, that long, heavy column stood its ground; then, unable to withstand the impetuosity of our attack, it gave way into a disorderly rout, leaving vast numbers of their dead and wounded in our possession, while tho 1st, being masters of tho field, had tho proud satis- faction of seeing the much-vaunted 'chivalry,' led by their favorite commander, seek safety in headlong flight. I cannot find language to express my high appreciation of the gallantry and daring displayed by the oflicers and men of the 1st Michigan Cavalry. They advanced to the charge of a vastly sui)erior force with as much order and precision as if going upon parade; and I challenge the annals of warfare to produce a more bril- liant or successful charge of cavalry tliau the one just recounted. Nor must I forget to 584 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. acknowledge the individual assistance rendered by battery M, 2d regiment of artillery, in this charge. Our success in driving the enemy from the field Is due, in a great measure, to the highly efficient manner in which the battery was handled by Lieutenant A. C. M. Pennington, assisted by Lieutenants Clark, WoodrufT, and Hamilton. The enemy made but slight demonstrations against us during the remainder of the day, except in one instance he attempted to turn my left flank, which attempt was most gallantly met and successfully fiustrated by Second Lieutenant J. H. Kellogg, with company H, 6th Michi- gan Cavalry. We held possession of the field until dark, during which time we collected our dead and wounded. At dark I returned with my command to Two Taverns, where I encamped for the night. "In this engagement my command lost as follows: 9 officers and 69 men killed, 25 officers and 207 men wounded, 7 officers and 225 men missing; making a total of 542. Among the killed I record the name of Major N. H. Ferry, of the 5th Michigan Cavalry, who fell while heroically cheering on his men. It would be impossible for me to particu- larize in those instances deserving special mention; all, both officers and men, did their duty. There were many cases of personal heroism, but a list of their names would make my report too extended. To Colonel Town, commanding the 1st Michigan Cavalry, and to the officers and men of his regiment for the gallant manner in which they drove the enemy from the field, great praise is duo. Colonel Mann, of the 7th Michigan Cavalry, and Colonel Alger of the 5th Michigan Cavaliy, as well as the officers and men of their commands, are entitled to much credit for their united efforts in repelling the advance of the enemy. The 6th Michigan Cavalry rendered very good seiTice by guarding both my right and left flank; also by supporting Battery M under a very hot fire from the enemy's battery. Colonel Gray, commanding the regiment, was constantly seen wherever his presence was most needed, and is deserving of special mention. I desire to commend to your favorable notice Lieutenants Pennington, Clark, Woodruff, and Hamilton, of Battery M, 2d Ai'tillery, for the zeal and ability displayed by each on this occasion. My thanks are personally due to the following named members of my staff, who, on many occasions exhibited remarkable gallantrj' in transmitting and executing my orders on the field: "Captain G. A. Drew, 6th Michigan Cavalry, assistant inspector general. "First Lieutenant K. Baylis, 5th Michigan Cavalry, acting assistant adjutant general. " First Lieutenant Wm. H. Wheeler, 1st Michigan Cavalry, aid-de-camp. "First Lieutenant Wm. Colerick, 1st Michigan Cavalry, aid-de-camp. "I desu"e also to mention two of my buglers, Joseph Fought, Company D, 5th U. S. Cavalry, and Peter Boehn, Company B, 5th U. S. Cavalry; also, Orderlies Noi^vali Churchill, Company L, 1st Michigan Cavaliy, George L. Foster, Company C, 1st Michi- gan Cavalry, and Benjamin H. Butler, Company M, 1st Michigan Cavalry," Following the battle of Gettysburg, these regiments were engaged with the enemy in Maryland, during July, at the following points: Monterey, 4th; Cavetowu, 5th; Smithtown, Boonsborough, Ilagerstown, and Williamsport, 6th; Boonsborough, 8th; Ilagerstown and Williamsport, 10th; Falling Waters, 14th; and Snicker's Gap, Va., on the 19th. While Meade's army was following up Lee and crowding him on to the banks of the Potomac, and while he was hurriedly crosshig a portion of liis army on a bridge which he had constructed at Falling Waters, Kilpatrick, who then had in his command the 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan Cavalry, discovered the movement, and suddenly struck the enemy's rear guard, driving it into the river, killing one hundred and twenty-Gve, taking fifteen hundred prisoners and three battle-flags. The rebel commander Pettigrew was mortally wounded, and Major Weber who led the 6th Michigan in the charge, was instantly killed. Thus Michigan troops were early in the great contest at Gettysburg, and were in the last charge which closed that bold and formidable invasion of northern Boil. A New York correspondent, noticing the engagement at Falling Waters, which immediately followed Gettysburg, says: " Hearing that a force had marched toward Falling Waters, General Kilpatrick ordered an advance to that place. Through some mistake, only one brigade, that of General Custer, obeyed the order. When within less than a mile of Falling Waters four brigades were found in lino of battle in a very strong position, and behind half a dozen eleventh- MICHIGAN m THE WAE. 585 corps or orescent-shaped earth-walls. The 6th Michigan Cavalry was in advance. They did not wait for orders, but one squadron, Coiujjaiiies D and C, under Captain Koyce(who was killed) and Captain Armstrong, were deployed as skirmishers, while Companies B and F, led by Major Weber (who was killed), made the charge. The line of skirmishers was forced back several times, but the men rallied promptly, and finally drove the enemy behind the works. A charge was then made, the squadron passing between the earth- works. So sudden and spirited was the dash, and so demoralized was the enemy, that the first brigade surrendered without firing a shot. The charging squadron moved directJj' on and engaged the second brigade, when the brigade that had surrendered seized their guns, and then commenced a fearful struggle. Of the 100 who had made the charge only 30 escaped uninjured; 7 of their horses lay dead within the enemy's works." Report of Colonel C. H. Town, commanding 1st Michigan, covering a por- tion of the operations of his regiment around Gettysburg: " * * * We moved early on the morning of the 4th of July to Emmettsburg, thence to Monterey. Before reaching the latter place the enemy was discovered in force upon the hills to the right of the road. The regiment, being in advance of the column, was sent on a road leading to Fairfield Gap. The enemy having possession of the Gap, a charge was made by one squadron, which, with the remainder of the regiment deployed as skirmishers, was successful in driving the enemy from the Gap, The regiment held the position until the entire column had passed, though the enemy made desperate efforts, with superior numbers, to drive us out. Our loss here was heavy. Captain William It. Elliott, while bravely leading his company, was mortally wounded and died the next morning, and Lieutenant James S. McElhenuy, commanding Company G, was killed instantly. "I must embrace the present opportunity to pay a parting tribute to the memory of the noble men whose names I have above mentioned. Elliott and McElhenny were, indeed, true types of the American soldier. They devoted their whole time to their duties, ever ready and faithful in their discharge. They died as the Union soldier loves to die— leading in the charge," The 1st Cavuh-y lost at Gettysburg 80 men and 11 officers killed, wounded, and missing, out of 300. The 7th Cavalry liud 16 killed, 41 wounded, 13 missing, and 12 prisoners. Casualties of the 5th and Gth are not reported. General Kilpatrick, in his report, referring to the engagement at Falling Waters, July 14th, 18G3, says: "* * * The enemy was, when first seen, in two lines of battle, with arms stacked, within less than one thousand yards of the large force, A portion of the Gth Michigan Cavalry, seeing only that part of the enemy behind the earth-works, charged. This •charge was led by Major Weber, and was the most gallant ever made. At a trot they passed up the hill, received the fire from the whole line, and the next moment rodo through and over the earth-works, sabering the rebels along the entire line, and returned with a loss of 30 killed, wounded and missing, including the gallant Major Weber, killed." Captain David G. Eoyco and Lieutenant Charles E. Bolza, Gth Michigan, were killed in this action, Lieutenant Bolza in the charge, and Captain Koyco in the action succeeding it. Eeport of Colonel K. A. Alger, commanding 5th Michigan: "* * * The 5th has won an enviable reputation. Every moment brings a sad gloom over all our hearts for the noble Ferry. He was instantly shot through the head whilo leading his battalion at Gettysburg. He was a bravo ofllcer. I cannot supply his place." A correspondent says of the cavah'y on the Gettysburg campaign : ""In sixteen days one division of our cavalry has had fifteen battles, with infantry in nearly ail to contend against; captured or destroyed nearly or quite one thuusand loaded wagons and between three and lour thousand horses and mules; taken between four and live thousand rebel prisoners; destroyed one half of the rebel General Stuart's cavalry force, and so demoralized the balance, that when a green (or blue) militia regiment (the Philadelphia blues), with a regiment of Green Mountain Boys, attacked them while ported behind earth-works at Hagerstown, the whole oomn)and lied panic-stricken, — or at WU- llamsport, where Custer's brig'ado of Michiganders, with Pennington's battery, captured more than man for man of an enemy whoso force consisted of four times their number, 74 58G MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and strongly located behind earth- works. This is cavalry fighting, the supoiior of which the world never saw. The cavalry contributed largely to the success of our arms at •Gettysburg." A correspondent says of the cavalry on the right of our army at Gettysburg, and who noticed a charge of the 7th Cavalry : "But little has been said of the part taken by the cavaliy on the right at Gettysburg, Friday, July 3d. General Gregg's division, assisted by General Custer's brigade, of General Kilpatrick's division rendered an important service here. The enemy seemed determined to capture our batteries and turn the iiank. The movement was onl}' pre- vented through the stubborn bravery of the troops. The 7tli Michigan, a new regiment, charged up to a stone wall under a front and flank fire from a concealed enemy, charging in column by company, closed en masse. When the first company reached the wall, and was brought to a sudden stand, the balance of the column, being in a very exposed posi- tion, was thrown into some confusion. The regiment was recalled, when the 1st Michi- gan, Colonel Town, made a more successful charge." In a report of Colonel Alger, commanding 5th Cavalry: "At 3 A. M., on the 1st of Sepjfember, 1863, we moved towards Port Conway, arriving there at 2 P. M. The enemy's pickets and skirmishers were driven across the river, and the regiment advanced to the bank, exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's artillery, which was in position on the south side of the Eappahannock. Two gunboats and some supplies were destroyed and we moved back, returning to camp on the following day. Lieutenant P. S. Leggett, a gallant young officer was killed. He was serving on the staff of General Kilpatrick, and is mentioned in the official report of that officer, as 'a young man of great daring, perseverance, and energy,' and was on several occasions sent by the General inside of the enemy's lines, and succeeded in gaining much information in regard to their strength, position, etc. " "Where the flag waved the proudest, And the bullets came fast. All covered with glory, Death claimed liim at last." A correspondent of the New York Times wrote : "About midday, June 30, General Kilpatrick, with his command, was passing through Hanover, in York county, a town of about 3,000 inhabitants, and when the rear of General Farnsworth's brigade had arrived at the easterly end of the place, General Custer's brigade — the 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan regiments — having advanced to Abbottsville, StuarL made a simultaneous attack upon the rear and right flank. The attack was entirely a surprise, as no enemy had been reported in the vicinity, and under an ordinary general or less brave troops, so sudden and impetuous was the first charge, the whole command would have been thrown into the wildest confusion, and as a necessary consequence suffered loss and disastrous defeat. The force was in the hands of a master. General Stuart in person led the charging column, and our troops were led by General Farnsworth and Major Hammond. For some time the contest hung in the balance, but General Cus- ter's brigade returning, after a severe struggle, which lasted nearly four hours, the enemy was forced to retire. "As the cavalry, by the battles of Aldie and XJpperville, prevented the rebel Stuart from marching his column through ^Maryland and Pennsylvania, by way of Edward's Ferry and Boonsborough, so did the whipping of him at Hanover prevent further marauding excursions toward the center of the State. "The column did not reach Hunterstown until 4 o'clock P. M. (on July 2d), when a squadron of the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry, headed by Captain Estes, charged through and drove the enemy back upon his reserves to tlie Gettysburg road. After surveying the position. General Farnsworth's brigade was ordered on a road to the right leading to Cashtown, and General Custer's brigago was placed to the left. Company A, Captain Thompson, of the 6th Michigan, was ordered to charge upon the rebel force then in sight. At the same time two companies of the 0th were deployed as skirmishers in a wheat field obliquely to the road, so as to pour in a raking fire upon tlio enemy, should the force sent forward be repulscxl. The charge ordered was made. General Custer and Captain Thomp- son leading it. The company was repulsed and the enemy came charging down the road at a fearful rate, yelling like fiends. But their tune was soon changed. Two shells from Elder's battery, togcilier with a fiank lire from the Michiganders in the wheat field, soon brought them to an about face. Pennington's battery was soon in position, and a regular MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 587 artillery duel commenced, and -was continued until after nightfall. Our Gro -was very destructive to the enemy, as prisoners of rank have since admitted. Captain Thompson was severely wounded, two men were killed, and some twenty-five were wounded. "The enemy's loss must have been very severe, for they left three dead Lieutenants on our hands and a dozen or more of their wounded. lu the charge made, a boy named Churchill, of the 1st Michii^an, took an active part, and succeeded in killing a man who was trying to kill General Custer, whose horse had been shot in the melee. "The brigade was heavily engaged at Gettysburg on the 3d July, and on the 4th en- tered on the pursuit of the enemy, marching via Emmettsburg, encountering him at Mon- terey on that day, and on the 5th at Grovetown; on the 6th at Snnthtown, Boousborough, Hagerstown, and ■\Villiamsport; on the 10th again at Hagerstown and Williamsport, and on the 14th at Falling Waters. "It was 4 o'clock P. M. when General Kilpatrick, with the main, column, reached the crest of the hill overlooking Williamsport on the Boonsborough i)ike. General Buford's command had been engaged with the enemy two or three miles to the loft for two or more hours. Major Medill, of the Eighth Illinois, had already fallen mortally wounded. Two pieces of Pennington's battery were placed on the brow of the hill to the right of the pike, and the other pieces to the left. A squadron of the 5th Michigan had previously charged down the pike, driving the enemy's picket and a battalion which occupied an advanced position. The 1st Michigan, Colonel Town, was deployed as skirmishers to the right, and ordered to drive the enemy from a brick house a little in advance and to the right of the artillery. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to obey this order, but before it could be done the brisk firing of the rear guard warned the commanding Gen- eral that his force occupied a dangerous position. Never was a command in a more cilti- cal situation. Never before was man cooler or did one display more real generalship than General Kilpatrick on this occasion. Tapping his boot with his whip and peering in the direction of the rapidly approaching force, he saw it falling back, apparently in some disorder. Not a moment was to be lost; inaction or indecision would have proved fatal, and the moral effect of a successful campaign destroyed in an hour. Fortunately, Gen- eral Kilpatrick was cool and defiant, and felt the responsibility resting upon him. This made him master of the situation, and by a dashing movement saved the cavalry corps from disaster. "All along the road to Williamsport prisoners were captured, and their rear guard was fairly driven into the river. The 5th Michigan Cavalry charged into the town and cap- tured a large number of soldiers, as they were attempting to ford the river. From thirty to fifty of the rebels were drowned while attempting to cross; twenty-five or thii'ty wag- ons and a large number of mules and horses were washed away. "Intelligence has just been received concerning the cavalry fight of yesterday near Hagerstown, with part of Stuart's forces, supported by infantry, which took up a strong position in the woods south of the town. After a determined resistance on their part, the arrival of General Buford, towards night, resulted in the gallant charge of our men. The 5th Michigan Cavalry (Colonel Alger), distinguished itself particularly upon the ground occupied by rebel infantry, driving them from the woods." Letter fioin Colonel Alger, dated Emmettsburg, Peiin., July 4tli, savs: "Major Ferry of our regiment was killed yesterday. We are passing through this place on our way towards the Upper Potomac, to cut off the enemy's communications. Wo had a terrible fight yesterday, but thanks to the ' God of Battles,' He crowned our arms with victory. The loss of the 5tli in killed, wounded, and missing, will not exceed fifty. Major L. S. Trowbridge had a horse killed under him. " A correspondent of the New York Times wrote : " Full justice, I have already said, in many instances, has not been rendered to regi- ments, and sometimes whole brigades, of our cavalry force, the services of which desei-ve more than a passing notice. Ofthe troops thus neglected, are the four regiments: 1st, 5th, 6th. and 7th, known as the Michigan Brigade. Tliese regiments, taken as a whole, will compare favorably with any cavalry regiments. The officers and men for the most part are those who, by entering the service, made large sacrifices, and wlio were prompt- ed to the stop by as patriotic motives as ever inspired the breast of a true lover of his country. Soldiering with them is not a pastime, a spree, or a holiday, but a duly; and men thus animated, whatever they attempt to do is done well." lleturning to Virginia, the brigade was engaged at Snicker's Gap, July lOtb, 1863, at Kelly's Ford, September loth, at Culpepper Court House on the 14th, at Ilacoon Ford, on the ICth, at White's Ford on the 21st, and on the 2Glh at Jack's shop. 688 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. On Saturday, October 9th, the enemy, with cavalry, infantry, and artillery, attacked Kilpatrick's division, near James City, but were held in check during the day. Sunday the army was in motion, Kilpatrick slowly retreating, fight- ing as he always tights, right gallantly, against superior numbers, back through Culpepper towards the Kappahaunock, until he reached the vicinity of Brandy Station. As the head of Custer's brigade (then in advance) reached the high ground beyond that place, he found across the wide plain, noted as the scene of former severe cavalry battles, a long line of rebel cavalry drawn up under Fitzhugh Lee, evidently determined to prevent his further progress ; their numbers warranting them in the belief that they would be successful. Farther down to the right Buford was making glorious fight, his force being towards the river. General Custer obtained of General Pleasanton, who had taken command, permission to attempt to break the well formed lines of the enemy by a charge. Buford was fighting the right, while a long column of rebel cavalry was coming up from ihe left. Forming his brigade in two columns, led respectively by the 1st and 5th Michigan, General Custer ordered his band to the front, and placing them between the heads of the columns, directed them to play Yankee Doodle. They did it with a will. As the glorious strains of that national air broke upon the ears of the men of that brave brigade, their sabres with one accord seemed to leap from their scabbards, as they eagerly waited for the order to charge. Placing himself at the head, Custer gave the word, and with loud cheers they dashed forward with irresistible speed. In the meantime the enemy in the rear being temporarily checked, the other portion of the division was formed in two columns; one lead by General Pleas- anton, the other by General Kilpatrick, the three columns advancing together. It was a grand sight, those solid columns, led by those three gallant men, whose names are now as "familiar as household words," the glistening sabres, the trampling of many hoofs, the cheers of the men, and inspiring all, the loud clear notes of Custer's band, as they continued to play our favorite national air. It is needless to add, the enemy gave way, and they had uninterrupted passage to the river. General Custer had a horse shot (the second for him that day), as did Lieutenant Granger, and several of his orderlies. The horse of Captain Purdy, who led the 1st battalion of the 5th Michigan, was wounded. Under date of October 24th, 1863, covering operations of his cavalry during that month, General Custer in his report says: "In compliance with instructions received from tlie general commanding the division, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my command Irom October 9th to October 23d, 18G3: " On the night of October 9th, my picket line, which extended along the north bank of Eobertson river, in the vicinity of James City, was attacked, and a portion of the line forced back upon the reserves; at the same time my scouts informed me that the enemy was moving in heavy column toward my right; this report was confirmed by deserters. In anticipation of an attack by the enemy at daybreak, I ordered my entire command to be saddled at 3 A. M., on flio lOlh. At daylight the enemy began by cautiously feeling jny line; but seeing his inability to surprise us, ho contented himself with obtaining pos- session of Cedar mountain, which point he afterwards used as a signal station. At 1 P. M. I received orders from the general commanding the division to report with my command at James City. The head of my column arrived in the vicinity of that point at 3 P. M. The enemy had already obtained possession of the town, and had brought several guns to bear upon the position I was ordered to take. Battery M, 2d U. S. Artilleiy, under command of Lieutenant Pennington, was unlimbered, and succeeded in shelling the At the eccoiid battle of lIap;ersto\vn, July lOtli, 1863, the rebels becoming panic-stricken, aban- doned their wugont*, annnunition, arms, tents, and even provisions. liuudrcds of them, fearing Kilpatrick's men, tied to the right and left to avoid thuir territic charges, and Bubsequcntly surrendered tlieniselves. One ainipping fellow 8urrcnre reaching the North Anna river, the advance guard reported a train of tlio enemy's ambulances to be in sight. Major Brewer, of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, with one battalion of his regi- ment, was ordered to push foi'ward and capture them; after which he was to move rapidly I 596 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. on Beaver Dam Station, the remainder of the brigade to follow closely in support. Before reaching the station, the advance encountered a considerable force of the enemy, con- ducting" upwards of 400 Union prisoners to Richmond. Major Brewer gallantly charged the enemy, and succeeded in recapturing all our men and quite a number of their captors. Among the recaptured men of our army wcis one colonel, two lieutenant colonels, and a considerable number of captains and lieutenants, all belonging to infantry regnnents, and having been captured during the battles of the Wilderness. Pressing on we obtained possession of Beaver Dam Station, where we captured three trains and two first-class locomotives. The trains were heavily laden with supplies for the army. In addition, we captured an immense amount of army supplies, consisting of bacon, flour, meal, sugar, molasses, liquors, and medical stores; also several hundred stand of arms, and a large number of hospital tents, the whole amounting to several miUions of dollars. "Alter supplying my command with all the rations they could transport, I caused the remainder to be burned. I also caused the railroad track to be destroyed for a consider- able distance. The enemy made frequent attempts during the night to drive me from the station, but were unsuccessful. On the following day this command moved with the corps to the south bank of the South Anna, crossing at Ground Squirrel Bridge. On the 11th the enemy's cavalry, under Major General J. E. B. Stuart, was met at Yellow Tavern, near the intersection of the Telegraph road and Brock pike. The 2d and reserve brigades were first engaged; afterwards the brigade Avas thrown in on the left of the reserve brigade, connecting on my left with the right of the 3d division. The enemy was strongly posted on a bluff in the rear of a thin skirt of woods, his battery being concealed from our view by the woods, while they had obtained a perfect range of my position. The edge of the woods nearest to my front was held by the enemy's dismounted men, ■who poured a heavy fire into my lines. The 5th and Gth Michigan were ordered to dis- mount and drive the enemy from his position, which they did in the most gallant manner, led by Colonel Alger, of the 5th, and Major Kidd, of the Gth. Upon reaching the woods I directed Colonel Alger to establish the 5th and Gth upon a line near the skirts of the Avoods and hold his position until further orders. From a personal examination of the ground, I discovered that a successful charge might be made upon the battery of the enemy by keeping well to the right. With this intention I formed the 1st Michigan Cav- alry in column of squadrons under cover of the woods. At the same time I directed Colonel Alger and Major Kidd to move the 5th and Gth Michigan Cavalry forward and occupy the attention of the enemy on the left, Heaton's battery to engage them in front, while the 1st charged the battery on the flank. The bugle sounded the advance, and the three regiments moved forward. As soon as the 1st Jlichigan moved from the cover of the woods the enemy divined our intention, and opened a brisk fire from his artillery with shell and canister. Before the battery of the enemy could be reached there were five fences to be opened and a bridge to cross over, Avhicli it was impossible to pass more than three at one time, the intervening ground being within close range of the enemy's bat- tery. Yet, notwithstanding these obstacles, the 1st Michigan, Lieutenant Colonel Stagg commanding, advanced boldly to the charge, and when AviLhin 200 yards of the battery charged it Avith a yell Avhich spread terror before them. Two pieces of cannon, two lim- bers filled with ammunition, and a lai-ge number of prisoners Avere among the results of this chai'ge. While it is impossible to mention all the names of the officers of the 1st Michigan Avho distinguished themselves by their gallantry in this charge, I cannot forbear from referring specially to the conduct of Major HoAvrigan, of this regiment, A\'hose bravery on this occasion rendered him conspicuous. He Avas the first to reach the rebel battery, and in doing so received a Avound in the^arm. Lieutenant Colonel Stagg, Avho commanded the 1st Michigan in the charge, Avith the officers and men of his command, deserve great credit for the daring maimer in Avhich the rebel battery Avas taken. The assistance of the 5th and Gth Michigan Cavalry, by engaging the enemy in front, Avas also most important. After the enemy Avas driven across a deep ravine, about a quarter of a mile beyond the position held by his battery, he rallied and re-formed his forces, and resisted successfully the further advance of the 1st Michigan. The 7th Michigan, com- manded by Major Granger, Avas ordered forward at a trot, and Avhen near the enemy's position Avas ordered to charge AA'ith draAvn sabres. Major Granger, like a true soldier, placed himself at the head of his m(;n, and led them up to the very muzzles of the enemy's guns; but, notAvithstanding the heroic efforts of this gallant officer, the enemy held his position, and the 7th Michigan Avas compelled to retire; but not until the chivalric Granger had fallen, pierced througli the head and heart by the bullets of the enemy. He fell, as the Avarrior loves to fall, Avith his face to tlie foe. The united efforts of the 1st, 5th, Gth, and 7th, assisted by Heaton's battery, and the 1st Vermont, under the gallant Colonel Preston, proved sufiicient, after a short contest, to rout the enemy and drive him from his position. His defeat Avas complete. He fled, leaving a large number of dead and Avounded in our hands. Among the dead Avas the body of the notorious Colonel Henry Clay Pate. Prom facts obtained on the battle-field, and from information derived MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 597 since, I have reason to believe tliat tlio rebel General J. E. B. Stuart* received his death ■wound from the hand of Private John A. Huff, of Company E, 5th Michigan Cavalry, who has since died from a wound received at Hawe's Shop. After tho enemy had been driven across tlio upper Chiclialiominy, this command remained upon tho battle-gi'ound until after midnight, when it moved, in rear of other portions of the command, towards Meadow Bridge, by way of tho Brook turnpiice. On arriving near the bridge this brigade was ordered by the major general commanding the corps to take tho advance and open the way across the Chickahominy at this point. The enemy, after destroying the bridge, had taken a very strong position upon the opposite side, from which they commanded the bridge and its approaches by artillery, infantry, and dismounted cavalry. Tho 5th Michi- gan, under Colonel Alger, was dismounted and crossed tho river on tho railroad bridge, a short distance below. The 6th Michigan, under Major Kidd, also crossed tho same bridge, dismounted. These two regiments advanced far enough to protect tho pioneers while building the bridge. This being done, the 7th Michigan, two regiments from Col- onel Devin's brigade, and two regiments from General Mcrritt's brigade, crossed the bridge to the support of the 5th and Gth Michigan. The enemy had imj)roved tho natural strength of his position by heavy breastworks. After a hard contest, from which wo suffered severely, the enemy was driven from his position, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. His retreat was so rapid that pursuit by dismounted men was impossible, and the 1st Michigan, supported by the regiments of the reserve brigade, commanded by Colonel Gibbs, was sent forward, and drove tho enemy for two miles, returnmg with many prisoners. "In this engagement the enemy lost heavily in officers; among others, General Gordon, jnortally wounded. From this point the entire command moved to Gaines's Mills, this brigade being in advance, when the entire command encamped for the night. Tho follow- ing morning. May 13th, wo marched to Bottom's Bridge and encamped. May 14th we arrived at Malvern Hill and opened communication witji General Butler's forces. May 17th, about dark, started on our return to the army. May 18th crossed the Chickahom- iny at Jones's Bridge, and about 2 P. M. reached Baltimore Cross-roads, when wo encamped until the '2Uth. This brigade was then detached from the corps for the purpose of destroying the Eichmond, Fredericksburg, and Virginia Central Baih'oads at their crossing of the South Anna. On the morning of the same day reached Hanover Court House, where we burned two trestle bridges over Hanover creek, and destroyed about one mile of railroad at that place, capturing some commissary stores at the station. Not deeming it advisable to encamp at that point, we marched back to Hanover town. The next morning returned to Hanover Court House, when we ascertained that a brigade of rebel cavairj' had occupied the town that niglit, and had retired in the direction of Hanover Junction. A heavy fol'ce of the enemy, consisting of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, was also reported at the railroad bridge on the South Anna. Leaving tho Gth and 7th Michi- gan to hold the cross-roads at Hanover Court House, the 1st and 5th Michigan were ordered to move in the direction of the South Anna and ascertain the strength and position of the enemy. They had not proceeded beyond two miles when tlie enemy was discovered in strong force in front, wliile a heavy column of his was reported to be moving on our left flank. Not desiring to bring on an engagement at this point, and having accompUshed ■the main object of tho expedition, the command was withdrawn and rejoined tho division the following day at the "White House, where we crossed the Pamunky about dark, and encamped about one nnle from tho river. May 23d marched to Herring Creek and *The 5th Itegimcnt )i;ul charged through and driven the enemy out of tho llrst lino of woods near " Yellow Tavern," and hud reached an open space, when tho command was given to cense firing; just at that instant a rebel ollicer, who afterwards proved to be; General J. K. B. btuart, rode up with his stall' to within about eighty rods of our line, when a shot was Jlred by a man of the 5th. John A. Hull", of Company E, remarked to him, " Tom, you shot too low and to tho left;" then, turning round to Colonel Alger, who was near him, he said: "Colonel, I can fetch that man." The Colonel replied, "Try him." He took deliberate aim across a fence and llrcd. Tho ollicer fell. Huff turned round to the Colonel and coolly said: "Tliere's a spread-eagle for you." Huff had won the llrst ])rizc for shooting while serving in lienlan's .Shari)-sliooter8, and was a most remarkable shot. He was from Wacomb county, Michigan, and died Juno '23d, 1S(>4, of wounds received in action at Hawe's Shop, on tho 1st of that month. Pollard, in his "Lost Cause," says of the death of General J. E. B. Stuart: "An expedition of Federal cavalry, commanded by General Sheridan, was directed to make a bold dasli aroun'l I-eo's Hank towards llichmond. It passed around the right fiank of tho Confederates to tho North Anna river; committed some damage at Leaver Dam; moved thenco to tho South Anna and Ashland Station, where the railroad was destroyed; and linally found its way to tho James river, where It joine-l the forces of Butler. On Way 10th a portion of Sheridan's command, under (;ustcr and JNlerrill, were encountered by a body of Stuart's cavalry near Ashland, at a place called Yellow Tavern, on the road to Kichmond. An engagement took place here. In a desperate charge, at tho head of a column, General Stuart fell terribly wounded. Ho was immediately taken to Kichmond, and every effort made to save his valuable life, but in vain; ho died tho ne.\t day." A Kichmond paper of tho day following tho death of Stuart, which was read by ofllccrs of tho Bth Cavalry, gave an account of the affair, corresponding exactly with tho facts as made In the Unlou atatemeut, Pollard's history to the contrary notwithstanding. 598 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. encamped about two miles from Dunkirk. The following day marched to near Milford Station. May 25th we rejoined the army of the Potomac. May 26th we broke camp and marched until midnight, reaching Barney's Ferry, on the Pamunky. The Ferry was held by a portion of Butler's brigade of the enemy's cavalry. The 1st Michigan, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Stagg, was ordered to drive the enemy from the banks, and cover the laying of the pontoon bridge. After a brisk engagement we obj;ained pos- session of the opposite bank of the river, capturing a number of prisoners. After the bridge was completed the whole command crossed, this brigade being in the advance. At Hanover town this brigade was divided, the 1st and 6th Michigan moving up the direct road to Hanover Court House, the 5th and 7th taking a road to the left, leading to Hawes's Shop. The 1st and 6th had proceeded but a short distance from Hanover town when they encountered a superior force of the enemy's cavalry, dismounted and holding the woods on each side of the road. The enemy, by his superiority in numbers, and his advantage in position, successfully checked the further advance of the 1st and 6th Michi- gan until, ascertaining the fact, I ordered the 5th and 7th to move by a road leading from Hawes's Shop to the rear of the enemy's position. A considerable force of the enemy was found holding this road; but the advance of the 5th Michigan, under Captain Hast- ings, supported by the main body of the regiment under Captain Magoffin, charged and drove them in great disorder. Upon arriving near Crump Creek, the enemy took up a new position and attempted to prevent our further advance. The 5th Michigan was dis- mounted and deployed on the right, while the 7th Michigan charged with the sabre on the left. The enemy, not waiting to receive our charge, fled in confusion across Crump Creek, followed iDy the 7th Michigan, which charged them three miles, I'eturning with a large number of prisoners. The position now held by the 5th Michigan was almost in rear of that portion of the enemy confronting the 1st and 6th Michigan. My diminished numbers and the exhaustion of both men and horses prevented me from making an attack upon the enemy's rear. I contented myself by making a diversion in favor of the 1st and 6th Michigan, the effect of which was to relieve them from the presence of the enemy in their front who, estimating the force in their rear to be a vastly superior one, gave way in a disorderly rout. The 1st and 6th Michigan were moved forward and united with the 5th and 7th Michigan, when we took up a position on Crump Creek. We encamped on Crump Creek until the following morning, when the 2d division being attacked by the whole force of cavalry of the enemy, we Avere ordered to General Gregg's assistance. After marching to Hawes's Shop, we moved down the Richmond road near the vicinity of Eanon Clmrch. Owing to the thick woods and dense underbrush (in front of the enemy's position) it was impossible to maneuver the command mounted. The entire brigade was therefore dismounted and formed in line, crossing the road at right angles, the IsL and 6th Michigan being formed on the right of the road, the 5th and 7th Michigan on left of the road, the left of the 6th connecting with the right of the 7th. In this manner the brigade moved forward until near General Gregg's line of battle, when a gap was opened in his line for our occupation. By this time the engagement had become general throughout the entii-e line and the firing very heavy. " Severe losses had been inllictcd on both sides without decided advantage to either. As soon as all necessary disposition had been made this brigade moved forward and engaged the enemy. The 5th and 7th Michigan, in their advance, were exposed to a well- directed cross lire from the enemy, as well as to a heavy fire in their front. More than once were they compelled to give ground before the destructive storm of bullets which ■was showered upon them, but only to advance again with courage and determination. Seeing that it was within the power of the 1st and 6th Michigan to advance and dis- lodge that portion of the enemy which had poured such a destructive cross fire into the ranks of the 5th and 7th Michigan, I gave the order for the two former regiments to advance their line, which order was obeyed with promptness, the men moving forward with a cheer, driving the enemy from his position in great confusion, and compelling him to leave the ground strewn with his dead and wounded. At the same time the 5th and 7th, on the left of the road, advanced, and were successful in dislodging the enemy from their front, inflicting upon him a terrible loss. The pursuit was kept up until the enemy had placed himself beyond the range of our guns. From an examination of the ground after the engagement it was ascertained that the loss of the enemy was far heavier than during any previous engagement of the same extent and duration. Tlie havoc was par- ticularly great in Butler's brigade of mounted infantry, composed of seven largo regi- ments, principally from South Carolina, Our loss in this engagement was greater than in any other of the campaign. Captain Maxwell, of the 1st Michigan, Captain Oliphant, Lieutenants Brewer, Osborn, and Muthersell, of tlie 51h Michigan, were severely wounded, and Captain Dodge, of the 5th Micli'gan, slightly wounded. Lieutenant James Chris- tiancy, one of my personal aids, while gallantly cheering on the men in the thickest pf the fight, and at tlie moment when th(^ tide of battle was being turned in our favor, MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 599 received two wounds, one of whicli canied away the end of his thumb, the other infllctini? a very tlangerous and painful wound throuj^h the thigh; at the same time his horse was shot under liini. Lieutenant Nims, of my staff, also had his horse shot under him. Wo held our position here until after dark, when we were relieved by the infantry. Wo marched bacli and encamped on tlio Pamunky, about one mile from tlio Tolopotomy creek. Tho following day we crossed the creek, and encamped about one mile from New Castlo Ferry, where wo remained until 3 P. M. on the yOth, when wc marched to Old Church. Here we found the reserve brigade engaged with the enemy, who had taken up a position on tho :Matodequin creek. Being ordered to tho support of General Merritt, I ordered the 5th Michigan on the right of the road dismounted; tho 1st and 7tli Michigan on tho left, also dismounted. As soon as I had formed my Une, I ordered it to advance. Tho men went forward with a yell, and in a very short time we had driven tho enemy from his position. The 5th Michigan, on the light of tho road, moved forward niucii faster than the regiments on the left, those on the left having met a larger force, who ojiposed them with great determination. I then ordered tho (ith Michigan (then in reserve), mounted, to charge them; but before I could get that regiment up the enemy had been driven from tho held, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. In this light wo captured a larco number of prisoners. Lieutenant E. G. Granger of my staff was struck on the left shoulder by a spent ball. We encamped at Parsely's Mills, on the Matedcqiiin. "May 31. About 3 P. M. the brigade moved toward Cold Harbor; the 6th Michigan moved by a country road, with orders if possible to connect with the right of Colonel Devin's brigade. Arriving near that place, we found the reserve brigade hotly engaged with a superior force of cavaliy, infantry, and artillery. The rebels had a strong barri- cade on tlie crest of the hill on which Cold Harbor is situated, which was well defended. All our efforts to dislodge the enemy for a time were unsuccessful, until the 5th Michigan and a portion of the reserve brigade were ordered to move on one of the enemy's flanks. The enemy, finding their position turned, began to abandon their works. At this moment one battalion of the 1st Michigan, under Major Brewer, was ordered to charge tho enemy with diawn sabres. This charge produced the desired effect. The enemy, without wait- ing to receive it, threw down their arms and fled, leaving their dead and wounded on tho Held. " This position being an important one, and having received orders to hold it at any cost, measures w'ere taken to put it in as defensible a condition as possible. " We remained on the ground that night, the troops sleeping on their arms. Soon after daybreak the next morning, a portion of the line held by tlio 1st Michigan was attacked by a laige force of the enemy. Heavy liring was kept up for a long time, but tlio enemy, finding our position too strong, withdrew. It was here that Captain Brevoort, of the 1st Michigan, one of the most gallant officers in the corps, was killed; also Captain Hazlet, of the same regiment, was wounded. We were then relieved by a portion of tho Gth corps, after which we moved back to within a few miles of Parsley's Mills and encamped. Juno 2d we moved toward the Chickahominy, and encamped at Bottom's Bridge. Wo remained here till the 4th, when we moved to the Old Church Tavern; 5tli, encamped at Shedley's, near Hawes's shop; Cth, encamped at Newcastle Feny; 7th, crossed tho Pamunky, marched about a mile beyond Aylett's, and remained there till tho next morning, when wo moved to Henning Creek and encamped; Juno 9th, encamped at Young's Bridge; Juno 10th, encamped within three miles of Louisa Court House. About dayhght of the 11th, the 7th Michigan, which was on picket on the road leading to tho Court House, was attacked by Wickham's rebel cavalry. As soon as I received notice of this attack, I or- dered the 1st Michigan to move to the support of the 7th. Tho enemy did not follow up his attack. We then moved toward Travillian Station, The other bngados of tho division had already moved by another road, and I was ordered to connect with them at tho sta- tion. The force by which we had been attacked followed us up, but did not press my rear very close. My advance had arrived within a short distance of the station when I received word from Captain Hastings, commanding the advance, that there was a wagon train hi sight. I immediately ordered the 5th Michigan (Colonel Alger) to charge them. This regiment charged down past the station, capturing a large number of wagons, ambu- lances, caissons, and about 800 led horses— these being the horses of tho force engaging- General Merritt and Colonel Devin. I then sent the Gth Michigan forward to tho support of tho 5th. They had gone but a short distance when tho rebels charged them In tho rear. I then dismounted a portion of my command, and very soon had driven tho enemy from my front. I moved down to the station, and discovered a largo force of tho enemy with a battery in position on the right of tho road. I ordered Major Brewer with the 7th Michigan down tho road mounted, with orders as soon as my battery opened to charge them with drawn sabres. I had then one section of Captain Pennington's battery in posi- tion near the station house, and had sent orders for the 1st Michigan, which was in tho rear, to move forward as rapidly as possible to charge tho enemy on his loft Hank at. GOO MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. the moment the 7th Michigan charged him in front. But this regiment was fully em- ployed in holding the enemy who were making a vigorous assault on our rear; conse- quently before these dispositions could be made, the enemy had gained possession of the woods on our right, and poured such a destructive fire on the cannoneers that they were compelled to change the position of the section. Colonel Alger, acting under the impulse of a pardonable zeal, did not halt at the station as the order required, but^ advanced more than a mile beyond, hoping to increase his captures. The enemy, taking advantage of this, interposed his force between Colonel Alger's rear and the advance of the Gth Mich- igan, rcoccupying the station and cutting Colonel Alger off from support. "Disappointed in not meeting the other brigades of the division, with which I expected to form a junction at this point, and the enemy having shown himself in heavy force on all sides, J was compelled to take up a position near the station, from which I could re- sist the attacks of the enemy, which were now being made on my front, right, left, and rear. As firing could now be heard in the direction from which the reserve and 2d brig- ades were expected, I determined to hold my position until reinforcements could arrive. Tlie enemy made repeated and desperate efforts to break our lines at different points, and in doing so compelled us to change the position of our batteries. The smallness of my force compelled me to adopt very contracted lines. From the nature of the ground and character of the attacks that were made upon me, our lines resembled very nearly a circle. The space over which we fought was so limited there Avas actually no place which could be called under cover, or in other words, the entire ground was within range of the enemy's fire. This fact induced the officer who had charge of the pack-trains, caissons, headquarters wagons, and all the property we had captured, to seek without orders a place of safety. In doing so ho conducted them into the lines of the enemy, where they were recaptured. In causing this mishap he acted on his own responsibility, impelled by fear alone, and I might add that for his conduct on this occasion the President of the United States has dismissed him from the service for cowardice and treachery. "About this time the enemy charged one of my guns, but before he could get it from the field the 7th Michigan, led by Majors Brewer and Walker, charged them, Idlling and wounding quite a number. Twice the enemy charged this gun, but were unsuccessful in its capture. In this charge Major Brewer was severely Avounded. After the enemy had been driven from this point I started with the 7th Michigan after the trains. We came upon the rear of them and recaptured two caissons, three ambulances, and several wagons. The enemy's force being so much greater than mine, I did not deem it advisable to follow. I then ordered this regiment back to its position on the line. At this time we had connected with the other brigades of the division. In this fight Majors Kidd and Deane, of the Gth Michigan, were captured, but were shortly afterwards retalcen by a portion of their own regiment, led by Captain Birge. Also, in this fight, Lieutenant Eichard Baylis, of my staff, received a severe and painful wound through the shoulder while bravely leading a successful charge against a superior force of the enemy. He continued to fight and encourage the men until compelled to leave the field from loss of blood. Captain Jacob L. Greene, my A. A. G., was here taken prisoner. With unfeigned sorrow I am called upon to record the death of one of the 'bravest of the brave,' Sergeant Mitchell Belvir, of the 1st Michigan Cavalry. He has been my color-bearer since the organization of this brigade. He received his death-wound while nobly discharging his duty to his flag and to his country. He was killed in the advance, while gallantly cheer- ing his men forward to victory. " The men remained on the lino all that night. The next day about i P. M. wo moved out on the road to Gordonsville, this brigade being in the advance. Wo had marched but a few miles when we found the enemy in very strong position. I immediately dismounted the Gth and 7th Michigan, sending the sixth in on the left of the railroad, the 7th on the right, holding the 1st and 5th in reserve. Soon these regiments became hotly engaged. A portion of the reserve brigade was then sent to connect with the right of my line. I also ordered the 1st and 5th to move out and reinforce the Gth and 7th. At this time the engagement became general. We had been fighting in this manner for some time, gain- ing no advantage, Avhen I received orders from the general commanding the division to advance my line, and, if possible, dislodge the enemy; but the position being too formidable, I deemed it best to withdraw my command to the position previously held at the forks of the road. We held this position until midnight, when wo withdrew. Our loss of officers in this engagement was very heavy: Captain Carr, Lieutenants Pulver and Warren killed; Captain Buggan and Lieutenant Bullock wounded — all of the Ist Michigan. Captains Hastings and Dodge, of the 5th Michigan, wounded; also. Captain LovcU and Lieutenant Kanouse, of tho Gth Michigan, wounded. Wo marched all night, and in tho morning rccrossed tho north branch of tho North Anna, near which we encamped. On tho Idth, encamped at Shady Grovo Church; 15th, encamped near Guinea ♦Station; IGLh, eight miles beyond Newtown; 17th, near Walkcrtown; 18th, near King MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. COl and Queen Court Ilouse; 19th, moved to Dunkirk; 20th, crossed the Mattapony river, and that night encamped near the Pamunky; 21st, crossed the Pamunky near "Wliito House; 22d, crossed the Chickahominy at Jones's Bridge and encamped near the river; from this point wo moved on the morning of the 2-lth to Charles City Court House, where wo encamped for the night; 25th, moved to a point near the James river; 2Sth of Juno, ■crossed the James river; 29th, moved to Prince Georgo Court House; 30th, encamped near Eeams's Station. During these operations this brigade has captured 14 commis- sioned oflicers, 318 enlisted men, 2 pieces of artillery with limbers filled with ammunition, and has mortally wounded Major General J. E. B. Stuart and Brigadier General Gordon, of the rebel cavalry. It would bo unjust to the brave officers and men who compose my command did I close this report without uttering one word in recognition of then- bravery, daring, and endurance, as exhibited during the late campaign. "Where so many instances of individual heroism occun'cd it is impossible to particularize. The desire to discharge all duties in a faithful and patriotic manner seemed universal throughout the command. I can only return my thanks to the regimental commanders, and to the officers and men under them, for the "promptness and energy with which they carried out my orders. My thanks are also due to Captain Pennington and Lieutenants "NVoodruff anil Egan for the skillful and dashing manner in which their guns were handled. Words cannot express my gratitude to the members of my staff, who on all occasions rendered mo the most hearty support, and to whose able assistance I was frequently indebted for the success of our arms. Captain Charles "Walker, who served as volunteer aid on my staff throughout tho entire campaign, participating in every engagement with great credit and distinction to himself, is deserving of the highest praise for his courageous and patriotic example. Below I append a recapitulation of our losses during tho whole campaign: "My staff officers, 3 wounded and 2 missing. Killed. WouudeJ. Missing. Total. 1st Micliigan — officers 3 37 5 133 8 52 2 58 1 98 1 Gl 1 135 1 G3 1 13 9 enlisted men 234 •5th Michigan — officers . . . 9 enlisted men 12 1 28 1 12 199 6th Michigan— officers enlisted men . 4 149 7th Michigan — officers enlisted men 3 123 Total , 730 From the report of Colonel 11. A.. Alger, commanding 5th regiment: "* * * Moved to Yellow Tavern, on Brook turnpike, where wo met Stuart's cavalry in force, May 10th and 11th, 18G4. The regiment was dismounted hero and ordered to the left "of the road, to drive tho enemy from a piece of woods which ho occupied on the opposite side of a large, open field. Charging across the field under a heavy fire, the enemy was driven from his position across a ravine. Ee-forming tho line, an order Avas received from tho General commanding to charge tho enemy in our front and right, as he was going to charge a battery on the right of tho road. This order exe- cuted, and arriving at a point commanding a hill in rear of a rebel battery, an officer-, accompanied by a largo staff and escort and carrying a largo fiag, was seen coming on to tho hill from tho rear. This ofiicer was shot by Private John A. Huff, Company E, 5th Michigan Cavalry, formerly of Berdan's Sharp-shooters. Ho was immediately carried to the rear by his staff. About thirty minutes later tho hill was gained, and a woman and negro stated that General Stuart had been shot on tho hill above mentioned, and first brought to her house and afterwards carried away in an ambulance. Eebcl accounts agree with the statement of this woman, also what was seen by us. In this engagement the bravo Captain Benj. F. Axtell was mortally wounded, and left at a citizen's house on the battle-field." * » * • Capt. Benj. F. Axtell was wounded and taken prisoner at Yellow TavcrD, May 11, 1864. Died of his wounds in Lihby Prison. 7G 602 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. From the report of Colonel James II. Kidd, commanding Gfch regiment: "May 12th, 1864, we reached Meadow's Bridge, on the Chickahominy; found the bridge gone and the crossing disputed by the enemy's dismounted men and infantry, with strong breastworlvs and artillery. From the swampy nature of the ground, it was impossible to bring artillery to bear upon them. 'The stream must be crossed at all hazards' was ordered, and the 5th and 6th Michigan were assigned the duty. Dismounting, the two regiments crossed on the ties of a railroad bridge, one man at a time, in the face of a gall- ing fire of musketry and artillery, succeeded in gaining a foothold on the opposite bank, and subsequently charged the enemy, driving him in confusion, kilUng and capturing a large number. This is one of the most desperate fights in which the regiment was ever engaged, and attended with but few casualties. Lieutenant Thomas A. Eddie, one of our bravest and most efficient officers, was instantly killed by a sliot through the head." From the report of Colonel R. A. Alger, commanding the 5th Michigan: (I* « * On the 28th of May, 1864, we were ordered with the brigade to support General Gregg's division, which liad already become engaged with the enemy near Hawes's Shop. The brigade dismounted, formed in line, and moving forward became hotly engaged immediately. The ground over which this regiment passed was covered with pine shrubs, affording no shelter from the fire of the enemy, who was strongly posted in heavy timber, on high ground, and behind formidable breastworks of logs. Charging into the woods, the enemy, after an obstinate resistance, fighting our men hand to hand,"was driven witli great loss, leaving the ground strewn with his dead and wounded. Of eleven officers and one hundred and forty men of this regiment engaged, five officers and fifty men were killed or wounded. Captain David Oliphant, a gallant officer, was mortally wounded while cheering on his men in the thickest of the fight." * * * Captain Oliphant died of his wounds on June 4th following. Colonel Kidd, commanding Gth Cavalry, in a report says: "On the 28th May fought the battle of 'Hawes's Shop.' Gregg's men were fallmg back. General Custer was ordered to support him. The brigade was dismounted. The 6th had the right of the road, its left resting thereon; the enemy was in the woods; we formed in the open fields. General Custer ordered three cheers and a charge. The cheers were given and the order to charge obeyed. In a minute the fight was hand to hand. The rebels fought with desperation, but were routed. They left their dead and wounded in our hands and many prisoners. In ten minutes, out of 140 men I had engaged, 33 were killed or wounded; 12 were killed instantly, and 4 died before morning. The ground where the regiment fought was covei'ed with rebel dead and wounded. The trees were riddled. Infantry officers who saw the fight spoke of it as one of the most desperate they ever witnessed. It is not boasting to say that the gallantry displayed by the men of the Michigan brigade in this fight was extraordinary, unexampled." General Sheridan, referring to the action at Trevillian Station June 11th and 13th, 1864, says : "The cavalry engagement of the 12th was by far the most brilliant one of the present campaign. The enemy's loss was very heavy. My loss in captured will not exceed 160. They were principally from the 5th Michigan Cavalry. This regiment gallantly charged down the Gordonsville road, capturing 1,500 horses and about 800 men, but were finally surrounded and had to give them up. " On the 31st of July, 1864, the brigade was ordered to proceed to Washington, and thence to the Shenandoah Valley, where the regiments engaged the enemy at the following points: Winchester, August 11; Front lloyal, August 16; Leetown, August 25; Sheperdstown, August 25; Smithiield, August 29; Berryville, September 3 ; Summit, September 4. From a report of Colonel James II. Kidd, 6th Michigan: "On the morning of the 11th of August, 1864, wo marched at daylight, and took up position beyond Opequan creek, toward Winchester. A section of Hansom's battery was charged upon by tlio enemy. Captain Mathei', with a battalion of the 6th Michigan, hap- pening to bo at hand, repulsed the charge and saved the battery, at the sacrifice, however, of his own fife. Ho was instantly killed while urging his men forward." * ■" In a report of Major George G. Briggs, 7th Cavalry, mention is made of the action at Front Royal, or ** Crooked Run," August 16tb, 1864, as follows: MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 603 "* * * On tho IGth August the regiment took an active part in tho action at Front Koyal, wliere we charged a whole brigade of rebel cavoliy, completely routing them, capturing 100 prisoners, a large number of horses and arms. Lieutenant Lucius Cai'ver was killed in this charge. " ♦♦***♦* From report of Colonel K. A. Alger, commanding oth Michigan : "Early in the forenoon of August 16th, 1804, the enemy attacked the pickets incur front, near Front Royal. The regiment was immediately saddled and moved out, after- wards dismounted and advanced over the brow of a hill. Here the enemy was found just forming in line preparatory to a charge. The rogimoiTt charged and drove the enemy into the river, capturing sixty-live prisoners and killing and wounding a large number. In tUs engagement Lieutenant E. G. Granger, who was serving on the staff of General Custer^ was killed." *♦****»»»♦ From a report of Colonel Peter Stagg, commanding 1st Michigan, cover- ing the action at Shepardstown, Va., August 25th, 1804: "* * * Arriving near Kearneysville, August 25th, ISfil, we came upon the enemy's cavalry and drove him about a mile. Again moving forward, wo discovered long columns of rebel infantry marching up on our Hanks, when we were ordered back. At Shepherds- town we halted for a short time, and the enemy's cavalry soon appeared in our front and flank. This force we charged with the brigade and drove back to their supports, but in doing so became cut off from our main force and surrounded by rebel infantry. The brig- ade, after desperate fighting, almost hand to hand, succeeded in crossing the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Md. Captain Fred A, Buhl was mortally wounded Avhilo bravely doing his duty." * * * * Captain Buhl died of his wounds at Annapolis, Md., loth September fol- lowing. Of the engagement with the enemy near Winchester, on the 19th of Sep- tember, 18G4, General Custer, in his report of 28th of that month, says : " I have tlie honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my brigade in the engagement of the 18th instant, near Winchester, Va. "In compliance with instructions from division headquarters, my command was in read- iness to move from its encampment near Summit Point at 2 o'clock on the morning of the 19th. It being the intention to reach the Opequan, some five miles distant, before day- light, the march was begun soon after 2 A. M., and conducted by the most direct route across the country independent of roads. My brigade moved in advance of the division,, and reached the vicinity of the Opequan before daylight, unobserved by the enemy, whose pickets were posted along the opposite bank. Massing my command in rear of a belt of woods and opposite a ford, situated about three mUes from the pouit at which the i-ailroad crosses the stream, I awaited the arrival of the division commander and the remainder of the division. At daylight I received orders to a move to a ford one mile and a half up the stream, aiad there attempt a crossing. This movement was also made beyond the view of the enemy, and my command was massed opposite the point designated, in rear of a range of hills overlooking the Opequan. Owing to a reconuoissance made at this point by our forces a few days previous, the enemy were found on the alert, thereby destroying all hope of securing possession of the ford by a surprise. Two regiments, the 25th New York and 7th Michigan, both under command of that reliable soldier, Lieutenant Colonel Brewer, of the 7th Michigan, Avere selected to charge the ford and obtain posses- sion of the rifle-pits upon the opposite bank. By request of the senior officer of the 25th New York Cavalry, that regiment was placed in advance, and both regiments moved, under cover of a hill, as near to the ford as possible without being exposed to the lire of the enemy. At the same time the Gth Michigan Cavalry, Colonel Kidd commanding, advanced dismounted to the crest overlooking the ford, and engaged the enemy on the opposite bank. Everything promised success, and the order was given for the column of Colonel Brewer to charge. "Accordingly, both regiments moved rapidly toward the ford. The advance of the 25th New Y'ork reached the water, when the enemy, from a well-covered rifle-pit opposite the crossing, opened a heavy fire upon our advance, and succeeded in repulsing the head of the column, whoso conduct induced this entire portion of the command to give way in con- siderable confusion. No responsibility for this repulse could bo attached to Lieutenant Colonel Brewer, who had left nothing undone to insure success. Giving him orders to re-form his command under the cover of the ridgo of hills before mentioned, and direct- ing Colonel Kidd to engage the attention of the enemy as closely as possible, wliile sudi G04 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. a disposition of sliarp -shooters was made as to quiet that portion of the enemy lodged in the rifle-pits covering tlie ford, the 1st Michigan Cavalry, Colonel Stagg commanding, which had been held in reserve, was ordered to accomplish what two regiments had unsuccessfully attempted. No time was lost, but aided by the experience of the command which preceded it, the 1st Cavalry secured a good position near the ford. " Colonel Stagg, detaching two squadrons as an advance guard, under Lieutenant Col- onel Maxwell, one of the most dashing and intrepid officers of the service, ordered the charge, and under cover of the heavy fire poured in by the 6th Michigan, gained a footing upon the opposite bank, capturing the rifle-pits and a considerable number of prisoners. The enemy retired about one mile from the ford in the direction of Winchester, and took a position behind a heavy line of earth-works, protected in addition by a formidable che- vaux de frise. My entire command was moved to the south bank of the stream, and placed in position along the ridge just vacated by the enemy. About this time a battery of horse artillery, under command of Lieutenant Taylor, reported to me, and was imme- diately ordered into position within range of the enemy's works. Prisoners captured at the ford represented themselves as belonging to Breckenridgo's Corps, and stated that their corps, with Breckenridge in command, was posted behind the works confronting us. Deeming this information reliable, as the results of the day proved it to be, I contented myself with annoying the enemy with artilleiy and skirmishers, until the other brigade of the division, having effected a crossing at a ford lower down, established connection with my left. Acting in conjunction with a portion of Colonel Lowell's brigade, an advance of the 1st and 7th Michigan and 25th New York was ordered to test the numbers and strength of the enemy. This movement called forth from the enemy a heavy fire from his batteries. It failed, however, to inflict serious damage. Lieutenant Colonel Maxwell, who headed the charging column, as v/as his custom, succeeded in piercing the enemy's line of infantry and reaching to within a few feet of their artillery. Overwhelming num- bers alone forced him to relinquish the intent of their capture, and he retired, after inflict- ing a severe loss upon the enemy. This advance, while clearly developing the position and strength of the enemy, was not without loss on our part. " Among those whose gallantry on this occasion was conspicuous, was Lieutenant Jack- son, of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, who, while among the foremost in the charge, received a wound which earned away his arm and afterwards proved mortal. He was a young officer of great promise, and one whose loss was severely felt. At this time the engage- ment along the center and left of our line was being contested with the utmost energy on both sides, as could be determined by the heavy firing both of artillery and small arms. While it was known to be impossible to carry the position in my front with the force at my disposal, it was deemed important to detain as large a force of the enemy in our front as possible, and thus prevent reinforcements of other parts of their line. With this object in view, as great a display of our forces was kept up as the circumstances would allow. At the same time skirmishing was continued with little or no loss to either side. From the configuration of the ground the enemy was enabled to move or mass troops in rear of his position unseen by my command. Either divining our intentions of delaying him, or receiving orders to this effect, he abandoned the position in our front and withdrew towards our left. In the absence of instructions I ordered a general advance, intending if not opposed, to move beyond the enemy's left flank and strike him in reverse. I directed my advance towards Stevenson's depot, and met with no enemy until within two miles of that point, when I encountered Lomax's division of cavalry, which at that time was engaged with Averill's division, advancing on my right on the Martinsburg pike. Our appearance was unexpected, and produced such confusion on the part of the enemy that though charged repeatedly by inferior numbers, he at no time waited for us to approach within pistol range, but broke and fled. Soon after a junction was formed with General Averill on my right, which, with the connection on my left made our line unbroken. At this time five brigades of cavalry were moving on parallel fines. Most, if not all, of the brigades moved by brigade front, regiments being in parallel columns of squadrons. One continuous and heavy line of skirmishers covered the advance, using only the carbine, whUo the line of brigades, as they advanced across the open country, the bands playing the national airs, presented in the sunfight, one moving mass of glistening sabres. This, combined with tlie various and bright colored banners and battle-flags, intermingled here and there with the plain blue uniforms of the troops, furnished one of the most inspiring as well as imposing scenes of martial grandeur ever witnessed upon a battle-field. No encouragement was required to inspire either man or horses. On the contrary it was necessary to check the ardor of both until the time for action should arrive. The enemy had effected a junction of his entire cavalry force, composed of the divisions of Lomas and Fitz Hugh Lee. They were formed across the Martinsburg and Winchester pike, about three miles from the latter place. Concealed by an open pine forest they awaited our approach. No obstacle to the successful maneuvering of largo bodies of cavalry was MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 605 encountered. Even the forests wero so open as to offer little or no hindrance to a charg- ing column. Upon our left, and in plain view, could bo seen the struggle now raging between the infantry lines of each army, while at various points the small columns of light-colored smoke showed that the artillery of neither side was idle. At that moment it seemed as if no perceptible advantage could be claimed by cither, but the fortunes of the day might bo decided by one of those mcidonts or accidents of the battle-field which, though insignificant in themselves often go far toward deciding the fate of nations. Such must have been the impression of the officers and men composmg the five brigades now advancing to the attack. The enemy wisely chose not to receive our attack at a halt, but advanced from the woods and charged our line of skirmishers. The cavalry was hero so closely connected that a separate account of the operations of a single brigade or regi- ment is almost impossible. Our skirmishers were forced back, and a portion of my brigade was pushed forward to their support. The enemy reUed wholly upon the carbino and pistol; my men preferred the sabre. A short but closely contested struggle ensued, which resulted in the repulse of the enemy. Many prisoners were taken, and quite a number of both sides left on the field. Driving the enemy through the woods, in his rear the commanding heights west of the town. "My command, by agreement with General Averill, took charge of all forces of tho enemy on the pike, and those in the immediate vicinity of the ground to its left. Other portions of the 1st division made a detour still farther to my left, so that that which had lately been one unbroken line was now formed into several columns of pursuit, each with a special and select object in view. "Within three-fourths of a mile from the point where the enemy had made his last stand he rallied a portion of his force. His line was formed beyond a small ditch, which he no doubt supposed would break, if not wholly oppose, an attacking column. Under most circumstances such might have been the case, but with men inspired with a foretaste of victory greater obstacles must be interposed. Without designating any particular regiments, tho charge was sounded, and portions of all tho regiments composing my brigade joined in the attack. Tho volleys delivered by tho enemy were not enough to check the attacking column, and again was the enemy driven before us, this time seeking safety in rear of his line of infantry. Here he re-formed for his last attempt to check our advance. Tho batteries of tho enemy were now enabled to reach us, an advantage they were not slow to improve. At this time a battery of tho enemy, with apparently Httle support, was being withdrawn. My command, owing to the repeated charges, had become badly brpken, rendering it impossible for me to avaQ myself of the services of a single organized regiment. With detachments of each regi- ment, a charge was ordered upon the battery, which, but for the extreme smallness of our numbers, would have proved successful. Lieutenant Lonsbury, 5th Michigan Cav- aliy, with great daring, advanced with a handful of men to within a few paces of the bat- tery, and was only prevented from capturing it by an infantry support, hitherto con- cealed, and outnmuberiHg him. Sergeant Barber, 5th Michigan Cavalry, clerk at head- quarters, distinguished himself in this charge as my color-bearer. He carried the colors in advance of the charging column, and was conspicuous throughout tho engagement until severely wounded in the latter part of the day. It being necessary to re-form my regiments before attempting a further advance, advantage was taken of a slight ridge of ground within one thousand yards of the enemy's line of battle. Behind this ridge, and protected from the enemy's fire, I formed as many of my men as could bo hastily col- lected. Two guns, which had been annoying us on our right, were now charged and taken by the Ist and 5th llegular Cavalry. This gave us possession of a portion of tho main lino of the enemy's fortifications. At the same time our infantry on the center and left had, after our successes on the right, been enabled to drive tho enemy, and were now forcing him towards the town. Still determined to contest our further advance, tho enemy now contracted his lines. This gave mo an opportunity to move my brigade to a small crest, within five hundred yards of tho enemy's position. This movement was entirely unobserved by him, his attention being drawn towards tho heavy lines of our infantry, now advancing in open view far to our left. At this moment I received an order from the division commander to charge tho enemy with my entire brigade. Having per- sonally examined the situation, and knowing that a heavy force of tho enemy was lying down behind these works, — facts of which I knew the division commander was ignorant, — I respectfully requested th.at 1 might bo allowed to select my own time for making tho charge. My reasons for tiiis course were that I was convmced the advance of our infantry on the center and left would compel tho force in my front to siiift its position to the rear, and the most favorable moment to strike it would bo after this movement had commenced, not while they were awaiting us in tho rear of their works. My opinions wero 006 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. verified. Watching the enemy until the force had arisen from behind their works and commenced their retrograde movement, I gave tlie command to charge. The order was obeyed witli zeal and alacrity upon the part of all. The 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan, ■with a portion of the 25th New York, advanced in one line, most of the command using the sabre alone. Officers and men seemed to vie with each other as to who should lead. Among those in advance, my personal attention was attracted to Colonel Stagg, com- manding 1st Michigan; Lieutenant Colonel Brewer, commanding 7th Michigan; also Captain Warner, of the same regiment; to Colonel Kidd, commanding the 6th Michigan Cavalry; and to Colonel Hastings, commanding 5th Michigan Cavalry. Each of these officers led his regiment with most commendable valor. The enemy, upon our approach, turned and delivered a well-directed volley of musketry, but before a second discharge could be given my command was in their midst, sabering right and left, and capturing prisoners more rapidly than they could be disposed of. Further resistance upon the part of those immediately opposed to us was suspended, A few batteries posted on the heights near the town continued to fire into our midst, fortunately killing more of their own men than of ours. Their fire was silenced, however, as we advanced towards them. Nothing more remained but to collect the prisoners and other trophies of the victory. No further resistance was offered; the charge just made had decided the day, and the entire body of the enemy, not killed or captured, was in full retreat up the valley. Many of the prisoners cut off by my command fell into the hands of the infantry, whose advance soon reached the ground. My command, however, which entered the last charge about 500 strong, including but 36 officers, captured over 700 prisoners, including 52 officers; also 7 battle-flags, 2 caissons, and a large number of small arms. It is confidently believed that, considering the relative numbers engaged and the comparative advantages held on each side, the charge just described stands unequaled, valued according to its daring and success, in the history of this war. Night put an end to the pursuit, and this brigade bivouacked on the left of the valley pike, three miles from the battle-field. Our loss was by no means trifling. A numerical list of casualties has already been forwarded. Among the gallant dead who fell on that day is Captain North, of the 5th Michigan Cav- alry, whose bravery has rendered him conspicuous on scores of battle-fields. It is with the deepest regret that I record the fall of Lieutenant Colonel Brewer, of the 7th !Michi- gan Cavalry, who fell at the moment of victory while leading his regiment in the final charge. I believe I am correct in stating that he fell farthest in advance of those who on that day sun-endered their lives in their countiy's cause. Possessed of ability qualif3nng him for much higher positions than those he filled, he was invariably selected to com- mand expeditions involving danger, and requiring experience, daring, and sagacity; and invariably did he perform the duty assigned to him with credit to himself and to the satis- faction of his commanding officers. Known and respected by all his brother officers, his memory will always be cherished by every member of this command; and of him all will say he was a soldier sans peur et sans reproche. Instances of personal daring and gal- lantry during the engagement were numerous, and deserving of particular mention, but it is impracticable to include this list in a report of this character. A few have been referred to, having impressed themselves upon my personal notice at the time. I will only add in this connection that both officers and men did their duty, and not a single case of misbehavior occurred throughout the entire engagement. The assistance derived from the zealous and persevering efforts of the members of my staff deserves to be recorded. My orders were transmitted with accuracy and celerity, frequently delivered under a heavy fire. Of the numerous charges made by my command, there were none that were not participated in by one or more of my staff. They were particularly ener- getic in rallying and re-forming regiments broken or repulsed in the charge. "The following-named staiT officers particularly distinguished themselves: Major G. A. Drew, 6th Michigan Cavalry, A. I. G. ; Captain L. H. Barnhart, 6th Michigan Cavalry, A. A. A. G. ; Lieutenant E. F. Norvell, 1st Michigan Cavalry, A. D. C; Captain E. F. Decker, 1st Michigan Cavalry, A. A. D. C; Lieutenant G. S. White, 5th Micliigan Cav- alry, A. A. D. C. " Surgeon Wooster, 1st Michigan Cavalry, was extremely attentive to the wants of the wounded, and discharged his duties w'ith marked success." Three of the battle-flags taken in the engagement of September 19th, at Opequau, near Winchester, were captured by men of the Michigan regiments; two of them by members of the 5th Cavalry, Sergeant Henry M. Fox, of Com- pany M (commissioned afterwards as Second Lieutenant), who enlisted at Coldwater, August 12, 18G2; Corporal Gabriel Cole, of Company I, who enlisted at Allegan, August 19, 18(52; and Sergeant John Winter, company MICHIGAN IX THE WAR. C07 and place of enlistment unknown. One of them was taken by Private Ulrick L. Crocker, of Company M, Gth Cavalry, who enlisted at Vergennes, Kent connty, September 29, ISG^. These men are all reported in the Oflicial Army Register of the volunteer force, as having been awarded medals of honor by the Secretary of War; and it is officially reported that they were given as rewards for acts of bravery in the capture of the flags referred to. Lieutenant Albert F. Jackson, 1st Cavalry, wounded at Winchester, Septem- ber 19, 1864, died of his wounds on November 13th following. At Winchester the 1st Cavalry had seven killed, twcnty-Gve wounded, and one missing. The 7th Cavalry lost four killed and nineteen wounded. Losses of 5th and 6th not reported, but are supposed to be equally heavy. After the important engagement at Winchester, the regiments were engaged at Luray, September 2-4th ; at Port Republic, September 26th, STth, and 28th; at Mount Crawford, October 2d ; at Woodstock, October 19th ; at Cedar Creek, October 19th ; at Newtown, November 12th ; and at Madison Court House on December 24th. Colonel James H. Kidd, 6th Michigan, commanding brigade, in his report of the engagement at Cedar Creek, October 19th, 1864, says: " The picket line of the 7th Michigan Cavaliy having been driven in early in the morn- ing, the entire brigade moved out to its support, found the enemy strongly posted, with artillery in position. We were ordered back and took position on the right, and after- wards on the extreme left of the army, repulsing several charges, and driving the enemy until overcome by superior numbers. That the Michigan Brigade was engaged, the casu- alties bear witness. One stand of colors, and many prisoners were captured. Darkness intervened to prevent perfect success. Kershaw's division, which confronted us, was utterly broken and scattered. All the regiments of this brigade deserve special mention. They never behaved with more consummate gallantry. I regret to report the loss of Captain Shier, 1st Michigan Cavaliy, who was mortally wounded while leading a charge. A gal- lant officer, a polished scholar, an accomplished gentleman, his loss is keenly felt by all who knew him." Captain Shier died of his wounds October 31st following. From the Detroit Free Press, October 29th, 1864: "The Newark Advertiser of last evening has obtained from General Custer, who was in Newark last Sunday, some details of the battle (Cedar Creek) in the Shenendoah valley on Wednesday last (October 19th), fi-om which we select the following: " General Custer represents that the ^ictory was the most complete and decisive which has yet been achieved in the Shenandoah. Custer's division pursued the enemy from 3 o'clock in the afternoon until 9 in the evening, driving them into the fields and mountains, capturing whole companies at a time, and putting hundreds of the fugitives hors de combat. "In the early part of the day, however, all the advantages were with Early, and had he been content with capturing our guns and 800 hundred prisoners, and driving our army from its position, his victory would have been one of the most signal of the war. But when ho undertook to pursue with the force at his command ho invited the very disaster which befell him. His advance on Tuesday night was made with great secrecy and cau- tion; his men were stripped of their canteens and put in liglit marching order, and by dawn on Wednesday morning were massed in battle order inside our lines, with nothing whatever to obstruct their progress on our encampment. Their captures of men and cannon were all effected before sunrise. Letters written by some of Early's officers after his movement commenced, and captured by our forces, expresseil fears of tlie result, characterizing the movement as mad and perilous, and likely to load to the comploto destruction of the enemy in the valley. "^ It is generally believed by our officers that there will be no more serious fighting in the valley, it being impossible for the Richmond authorities to reinforce Early's wasted columns, now scattered in disorder along the line of retreat. General Custer states that the cannon captui'ed by our forces numbered over fifty. Ho counted forty-nine at Sheridan's head- quarters on Friday night, and several pieces had not yet been brought from the field. General Custer's division captured forty-one pieces and several battle fings, including the headquarters flag of General Ramseur. 608 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR "It is a curious coincidence that the rebel General Kamseur, v.'ho was killed, was a classmate of General Custer at AVest Point. Before his death, Eamseur sent for the lat- ter, and the two, thus strans:ely brought togther, reviewed in the presence of death the reminiscences of their cadet life. " On the 27th of February, 1865, the brigade formed part of the fovea -svitli ■which General Sheridan made his movement against General Early's army, and on the rebel communications in the direction of Gordonsville and Kich- mond, and at that date moved with the cavalry corps towards Staunton, and on the Stli of March participated in an engagement with a part of the rebel cavalry, under General Rosser, near Louisa Court House, and assisted in routing it and capturing the town, in which a large amount of property waa destroyed, including the railroad depot, with rolling stock and telegraph office. It also participated in taking up the track and destroying the railroad property on the line of the Lynchburg and Gordonsville railroad, and in the destruc- tion of the locks, aqueducts, and mills on the line of the James River Canal. The command having reached White House Landing, March 19th, in time to take part in the final battles of the Army of the Potomac, soon after, with the cavalry corps took position, on the left of the line of that army, and on the 30th the brigade became engaged with the rebel cavalry and assisted in driving them within their works at Five Forks. It was also engaged with the enemy at the same point on the 31st and on April 1st; and on the 2d at the South Side Railroad; on the 4th at Duck Pond Mills; on the 6th at the battle of the Ridge's, or Sailor's Creek, and on the 8th and 9th at Appomat- tox Court House. In the report of Colonel Stagg, 1st Cavalry, commanding brigade, the fol- lowing reference is made to the battle of Five Forks, April 1, 1865 : "The next morning we moved forward, passing over the ground from which we had been driven the day before. Our brigade being in advance, we soon came upon the enemy, strongly posted behind a large swamp, through which it was impossible to penetrate. Moving to the right, the enemy's cavalry appeared in our front and was driven to his main line ofVorlis, occupied by Kershaw's division. In the afternoon the regiment participated in the final charge and capture of these works, taking many prisoners and pursuing the flying enemy until long after dark. In this engagement Lieutenant Orwin M, Bartletfc was killed; also, Lieutenant George C. "Whitney." Colonel Kidd, 6tli Michigan, says of his regiment, in an engagement near Five Forks : "On the 4th of April the regiment charged the enemj^'s lino of battle, near Beaver Mills, Va., losing in the charge Lieutenant S. H. Finney, a gallant officer." Colonel Briggs says of his regiment : " On the morning of the 30lh of March, 1865, the 7th regiment of Michigan Cavalry is found with the gallant Phil. Sheridan on the right Hank of the rebel army near Five Forks, Va. For thirty days previous the regiment had, with tlie balance of Sheridan's cavalry, been constantly on the march, being of the command with which he moved from the Shen- andoah Valley on the 27th of February, and inidertook his celebrated raid to the James Eiver, and which was attended with such important and brilliant results. Little time had been allowed for recuperating from the effects attending a service so arduous as that through which they had just passed, when, on the morning of March 30th, the 7th 3Iichi- gan, lunnljering less than three hundred men, and after marching all night in rain and over heavy roads, we received orders to move Avith promptness to the support of the Gth Pennsylvania Cavalry and the 2d U. S. Cavalry Ivegulars, holding a position on the extreme right of the Union lines, which was being strongly pressed by a strong force of the enemy's cavalry. Upon reaching the point and rcjiorting to the oUicer h: connnand, the regiment was immediately placed in position to support a charge whicli was ordered to be }nade upon the enemy's lines by the two regiments named, and which, although made with spirit and in splendid style, was not only met with lirmness by the enemy, but they were forced to retire in some confusion. The enemy, seehig his advantage, immedi- I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 609 ately charged down upon the retreating force, confident of success. The 7th regiment, being formed in columns of squadrons, sabers drawn, moved gallantly forward for a coun- ter-(!harge. The task before it was a diflicult one. "bteady," was the command, as they rapidly passed foi-ward through (he lines of retreating men to meet the on-coming and confident foe. A moment, and the chaige is sounded, and with shouts of ' Sheridan' and 'Victory' they dash into the fire of death. Not a man faltered. The veterans of 'Gettys- burg,' the 'Wilderness,' and 'Winchester,' with the names of fifty battles on their banners, were on their mission, and victory or death must follow. A moment, and the shock of contending aims and shouts of contestants filled the air. A moment, and the rebel line wavered, then broke and fled the field in a confused rout, leaving in the hands of the 7th the commanding ^^fficer of their brigade and a large number of prisoners— the remainder Hed for safely behind the fortifications of the infanti-y, three miles to the rear, closely fol- lowed by the 7th. For the part the regiment took in this action, it received the compli- ments of the commanding general. " The brigade performed a prominent part at the final surrender, being engaged with Ewell's corps at Sailor's creek, April 6th. Greeley says: " Lee left Amelia Court House at nightfall of the 5th, moving around the left of Meade and Sheridan's position at Jettersville, striking for Farmville, in order to recross there the Appomattox, and, if possible, thus escape his pursuers. "But this was not to be. Already General Davies, making a strong reconnoissance to our left and front, had struck, at Paine's cross-roads, Lee's train moving in advance of his infantry, and destroj'ed 180 wagons, capturing 5 guns and many prisoners. Lee's soldiers, not far behind, attempted to envelope and crush our cavalry, now swelled by Gregg's and Smith's brigades, sent to support Davies, and a spirited fight ensued; but Davies was extricated, falling back on Jettersville, where nearly our whole army was next morning concentrated and the pursuit vigorously resumed, Sheridan returning the 5th corps to Meade, and henceforth commanding the cavalry only. "Crook, now holding Sheridan's left (facing eastward), advanced to Deatonsviile, where Lee's whole army was seen moving rapidly westward. He immediately charged, as directed by Sheridan, well knowing the inferiority of his force, but determined to detain the enemy at whatever cost until supports on our side could arrive. " The result justified the daring. Crook was repulsed, but meantime Custer, with his division of horse, struck again further on, gaining the road at Sailor's creek, — a pretty tributary of the Appomattox, — where, Crook and Devin coming promptly to his support, he pierced the rebel line of march, destroying 400 wagons and taking 16 guns, with many prisoners. " Ewell's corps, following the train, was thus cut off from Lee. Its advance was now gallantly charged by Colonel Stagg's brigade (Michigan Cavalry), and thus time was gained for the arrival of the leading division (Seymour's) of the 6th (Wright's) corps, pursuing the Confederate rear, when Ewell lecoiled, fighting stoutly, till Wheaton's rebel division also came up, and a part of our infanti y, advancing, were momentarily repelled by a deadly fire. But the odds were too great. Ewell's veterans, inclosed between our cavalry and the 6th corps, and sternly charged by the latter, without a chance of escape, threw down their arms and surrendered. Ewell himself and four other generals were among the prisoners, of whom over 6,000 were taken this day." During the service of the brigade it had been engaged with the enemy, at Hanover, Va., June 30, 18(J3 ; Hunteistown, Penn., July 2, 3803; Get- tysburg, Penn., July3, 18G3; Monteray, Md., July 4, 1803; Cavetown, Md,, July 5, 1863; iSniiihtown, iMd., July 6, 1803; Boonsborough, Md., July 6, 1803; Hagerstown, Md., July 6, 1803; Williamsport, Md., July 6, 1863; Boonsborough, Md., July 8, 1803; Hagerstown, Md., July 10, 1803; Wil- liamsport, Md., July 10, 1863; Falling Waters. Md., July 14, 1863; Snick- er's Gap, Va., July 19, 1863; Kelley's Ford, Va., September 13. 1863; Cul- pepper Court House, Va., September 14, 1803; Raccoon Ford, Va., Septem- ber 16, 1863; White's Ford, Va., September 21, 1803; Jack's Shop, Va., Sep- tember 26, 1803 ; James City, Va., October 9, 10, 1803 ; Brandy Station, Va., October 11, 1«63; Buckland's Mills, Va., October 19, 1863; Stevensburg, Va., November 19, 1863; Morton's Ford, Va., November 26, 1863; Rich- mond, Va., March 1, 1864; Wilderness, Va., May 6 and 7, 1864; Beaver 77 610 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Dam Station, Va., May 9, 1864; Yellow Tavern, Va., May 10 and 11, 1864; Meadow Bridge, Va., May 12, 1864; Milford, Va., May *^7, 1864; Hawe's Shop, Va., May '^8, 1864; Baltimore X Roads, Va., May 29, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., i^ay 30 and June 1, 1864; Travillian Station, Va., June 11 and 12, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., July 21, 1864; Winchester, Va., August 11, 1864; Front Royal, Va., August 16, 1864; Leetown, Va., August 25, 1864; Shepardstown, Va., August 25, 1864; Smithfield, Va., August 29, 1864; Berryville, Va., Septembers, 1864; Summit, Va., September 4, 1864; Ope- quan, Va., September 19, 1864; Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864; Luray, Va., September 24, 1864; Port Republic, Va., July 26, 27, and 28, 1864; Mount Crawford, Va., October 2, 1864; Woodstock, Va., October 9, 1864: Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Madison Court House, Va., Decem- ber 24, 1864; Louisa Court House, Va., March 8, 1865; Five Forks, Va., March 30, 31, and April 1, 1865; South Side R. R., Va., April 2, 1855; Duck Pond Mills, Va., April 4, 1865; Ridge's, or Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865; Appomattox Court House, Va., April 8 and 9, 1865; Willow Springs, Dakota T., August 12, 1865. Tlie following were the casualties among the commissioned officers of the regiments of the brigade during their term of seiYice: FIEST OAVALKT. Colonel Thornton F. Brodhead. Died September 2, 1862, of wounds received In action at Bull Kun, Va., August 30, 1862. Captain Augustus F. Buhl. Died September 15, 1864, of wounds received in action Aug- ust 25, 1864. Lieutenant "William M. Brevoort. Killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. Lieutenant Orrin M. Bartlett. Killed in action at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. Captain Alpheus W. Carr. Killed in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. Lieutenant Franklin B. Clai'k. Killed accidentally while en route to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Captain William E. Elliott. Died July 5, 1863, of wounds received In action at Fairfield Gap, Va., July 4, 1863. Captain Albert T. Jackson. Died November 12, 1864, of wounds received in action at Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864. Lieutenant William B. Maxwell. Died of disease at Pleasant Valley, Va., March 14, 1865. Lieutenant John MoUoy. Died of consumption from exposure hi service at Fort Bridger, U. T., February — , 1866. Lieutenant James S. McElhenney. Killed in action at Monterey, Md., July 4, 1863. Lieutentenant Frank Z. Phelps. Killed accidentally March 31, 1862. Lieutenant Andrew Pulver. Killed in action at Travillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. Lieutenant George W. Kobinson. Killed in action October 21, 1864. Captain James G. Stebbins. Died of disease at Detroit, Mich., June 4, 1^62. Captain Charles J. Snyder. Died July 21, 1863, of wounds received at Hagerstown, Md., July 6, 1863. Captain Charles Shier, Jr. Died October 31, 1864, of wounds received in action at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864. Captain DeWitt C. Smith. Died of disease at Fort Halleck, D. T., September 16, 1865. Lieutenant Kobert S. Warren. Killed in action at TrevUhan Station, Va., June 12, 1864. Lieutenant George 0. Whitney. Killed in action at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. FIFTH OAVAIiRY. Captain Benjamin F. Axtell. Died in prison at Richmond, Va. Major Noah H. Ferry. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Lieutenant Henry K. Foote. Died of disease at Pooleville, Md., February 9, 1863. Lieutenant Edward G. Granger. Killed in action at Front Eoyal, Va., August 16, 1864. Lieutenant Percival T. Leggett. Killed in action at Port Conwav, Va. , September 1, 1863. Captain William 0. North. Killed in action near Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 611 Captain David OHphant. Died at Detroit, Mich., June 4, 1864, of wounde received In action at Hawes's Shop, Va., May 28, 18G4. Lieutenant Henry H. Pette. Died at Detroit, Mich., November 10, 1863. SIXTH CAVALRY. Lieutenant Charles E. Bolza, Killed In action at Falling Waters. Md., July 14, 1868. Captain Osnier F. Cole. Killed by Indians at Toiii:ue river, M. T., August 30, 1865. Lieutenant Thomas E. Eddie. Killed in action at Meadow Bridge, Va., May 12, 186i. Lieutenant Solon H. Finney. Killed in action at Beaver Mills, Va. April 4, 1805. Captain James Matthews. Killed in action at Opequan Creek, Vu., Aujjust 12, 1864. Captain David G. Royce. Killed in action at Fallinj^ Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. Captain Peter A. Weber. Killed in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. SEVENTH OAVAIiBT. Lieutenant Colonel Melvin Brewer. Died September 25, 1864, of wounds received In action at Winchester Va., September 19, 1864. Lieutenant Lucius Carver. Killed in action at Crooked Run, Va., August 16, 1864. Major Heniy W. Granger. KiUed in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1864. Lieutenant Daniel W. Littlefield. Died of disease at Washington, D. C, January 6, 1864. Lieutenant Joseph L. Mead. Died September 13, 1864, of wounds received in action August 29, 1864. Lieutenant Henry Canfleld. Died at Camp Douglas, Utah, March 11, 1866. " Lay their swords by their sides, they have served them too well Not to rest near their pUlows below; To the last moment true, from their hands ere they fell. Their points were still turned to a foe." After the surrender of Lee, the brigade, in command of Colonel Stagg, moved with the cavalry corps to Peteisburg, Va., where it remained for a short time, and then went with the army into North Carolina; from thence it inarched to Washington, and there participated in the "grand review" of the armies on the 23d of May, 1865. Immediately thereafter it was ordered west, and proceeded via the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to Fort Leavenworth, where the 5th and portions of the other regiments were mustered out of service. From thence the regiments under orders moved across the plains to the Kocky mountains, for the purpose of aiding in suppressing the war then being waged by the several Indian tribes on citizens in the territories of the far west. At Fort Leavenworth the 6th was divided into detachments by order of Gen- eral Connor, one to constitute a part of the "Left Column Powder River Expedition," one to remain at Fort Laramie, and the other to escort a train to the Black Hills. The Powder river detachment, on reaching that point, found that the Indians for which it had been sent in search liad managed to escape, and while there it built a fort, known as Fort Keno. On that expe- dition Captain 0. F. Cole, of Company G, lost his life; having heedlessly strayed a long way from the column, he was surprised by Indians and shot to death with arrows. From this point a small detachment of the command was sent to guard a train to Virginia City, Montana, and falling in with a large war party of Arapaho Indians, bccan)e surrounded by them, and were " corrakd" for twelve days, but finally succeeded in getting intelligence of their condition to General Connor, when reinforcements were sent to their relief. Sergeant Hall, of Company L, and Private Evans of Company F, hoving Yolonteered, succeeded in carrying the intelligence referred to a dis- 612 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. tance of fifty miles, through a wild aud to them an unknown country, swarm- ing with hostile Indians, and thereby saved the detachment. In September following a consolidation was effected by a muster out of a certain number of officers and men of each regiment, and the reserve assigned to what was afterwards known as the "1st Michigan Veteran Cavalry." This regiment was retained in service in Utah until March 10th, 18G6, when it was mustered out. The consolidation referred to, and the detention in service of officers and men of these regiments after they had been ordered mustered out by the War Department, was made the subject of a report of the Adjutant General of the State which gave a full history of that unlawful and most unjust affair. The report was based upon a correspondence opened by Governor (Jrapo with the War Department and the Department of the Missouri, requesting copies of all orders aud telegrams relating to the matter, as well as affidavits from officers of the regiments referred to, and sufficient were received to fully establish the following facts : 1st. — That the movement of the Cavalry Brigade from St. Louis to Fort Leavenworth, and thence across the plains, was a hardship inflicted upon the officers and men thereof which, in view of the war having been ended, and in consideration of their long and faith- ful services, should have been spared them, deserving, as they certainly were, of a muster out at least at as early a day as any other troops in the service. 2d. — That the action of Major General Pope, in ordering the breaking up and consolida- tion of the regiments, was wrong, unauthorized, and contrary to an existing regulation circular of the War Department, with which he is presumed to have been familiar at the time. 3d.— That, according to General Pope's Order No. 37, of September 1st, 1865, making the consolidation, all the men of the 1st, 6th, and 7th Kegiments, having less than two years to serve should have been mustered out of service. 4th.— That, in addition to the order of General Pope, of September 1st, 1865, directing the muster out of the men referred to, a circular, dated November 25th, 1865, was issued by the War Department for their discharge. 5Lh. — That twelve hundred and sixteen officers and enlisted men, of the regiments refeiTed to, were improperly included in the consolidation, and unjustly held in service for six months after they had been ordered mustered out by General Pope. 6th. — That there appears to have been available troops at or near the point where the consolidation was made, sufficient to have placed the required force in Utah, without including the Michigan Cavalry directed to be mustered out. 7th.— 'J'hat the detention in service, by Major General Dodge, of the officers and men so included in the consolidation referred to, either through carelessness or by design, must be considered an unwarrantable and inexcusable act, and one productive of much pecuniary loss and suffering to the parties. 8th.— That the improper alternative offered to the officers and men of the consolidated organization so unjustly held in service, either to accept an immediate discharge or remain in service two months longer, and then be subjected to unreasonable hardship in traveUng across the plains, a distance of about twelve or fifteen hundred miles, without horses or tents, induced them to accept terms the results of which were unknown to them at the time, but which afterwards proved much to their disadvantage. 9th. — That the outlay of money from their regular pay incurred on reaching their State, over and above the amount allowed them by the Government as travehng expenses, in consequence of t\unr election to be mustered out and paid in Utah, was caused by an improper inducement held out to them. 10th. — That, in consequence of the non-compliance with General Pope's order of Septem- ber 1st, on tlie part of those whose duty it was to liave carried it into effect, the men intended to hav(; been discharged under it were placed in a section of the country, at the time of their discliargo, so distant from their own State, and so far I'emoved from the common avenues of transportation, and in which the expenses of travel are so enormously exorbitant, that many of them will never raise money sufficient to enable them to reach their homes. Upon these facts a claim was made by the Governor to the War Department MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 618 for commutation of transportation, whicti, on being disallowed, was promptly and properly presented to Congress by the Senators and Congressmen from this State. Ever true to the interests of the soldier, they determined that it should be secured and justice done, and therefore combined their influence and effort for that purpose, and with commendable zeal and great ability, and _ by close attention and much tact, procured the passage of the following enact- ment : "And be it further enacted, That there is hereby appropriated for the payment of the travelins; expenses of the members of the 1st Kegiment of Michis^an Cavalry from the place in Utah Territory where they were mustered out of service, in the year 1866, to the place of their enrollment, a sum sufiicient to allow to each member $325, deductuig there- from the amount paid to each, for commutation of travel, pay, and subsistence, by the Govfuiuru'iit, when thus mustered out, and that the accounts be settled and paid under the direction of the Secretary of War." This act allowed to each member of the regiment mustered out in Utah in 18()6, about $210, which has been paid by the Government to those entitled to it so far as application has been made therefor. SECOND REGIMENT CAVALRY. *' One foot In the stirrup, one hand on the mane, One glance at the flag floating there! Then firm in the saddle, and loosened the rein, And the sword blade gleams bare." The Second Cavalry was organized by the Hon. P. W. Kellogg of Grand Eapids, then a Member of Congress, authority being given him by the Secre- tary of War, subject to the approval of the Governor of the State. The regi- ment was rendezvoused at Grand Rapids. Its recruitment was completed October 2, 1861, having on its muster rolls 1,163 officers and enlisted men. FIELD AND STAFF. Lieutenant Colonel, William C. Davis, Detroit. Majors, Robert H. G. Minty, Detroit^ Selden H. Gorham, Marshall; Charles P. Babcock, Grand Eapids. Surgeon, Charles S. Henderson, Grand Rapids. Assistant Surgeon, WUham Brownell, Utica. Adjutant, Peter S. Schuyler, Grand Eapids. Battalion Adjutants, Alphonzo E. Gordon, Grand Eap- ids; Peter A. Weber, Grand Eapids; George Lee, Grand Eapids. Quartermaster, Frank E. Walbridge, Kalamazoo. Battalion Quartermasters, James P. Scott, Grand Haven; Seymour Brownell, Utica; John A. Brooks, Newaygo. Chaplain, Francis Drew, Grand Eapids. OOHFANIES. A. Captain, John C. Godley, Flint. First Lieutenant, George Carter, East Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Merritt Blackmer, Saginaw. B. Captain, Henry A. Shaw, Eaton Eapids. First Lieutenant, Philo W. Rogers, Eaton Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Marshall J. Dickinson, Vermontville. C. Captain, Eussell A. Alger, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Henry C. Whipple, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, John M. Weatherwax, Georgetown. D. Captain, Benjamin Smith, Pine Plains. Fust Lieutenant, Stewart B. McCray, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Darwin B. Lyon, Grand Eapids. E. Captain, Benjamin S. Whitman, Berlin. First Lieutenant, Henry W. Sears, Muske- gon. Second Lieutenant, Harmon F. Nicholson, Joliet, 111. F. Captain, Arvine Peck, Lowell. First Lieutenant, Leonidas S. Scranton, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Dan. T. Fargo, Ionia. G. Captain, Frederick Fowler, Hillsdale. First Lieutenant, Jasper A. Waterman, Hillsdale. Second Lieutenant, James Hawley, Hillsdale. H. Captain, Chester E. Newman, Detroit. First Lieutenant, George E. Adair, Utica. Second Lieutenant, Alexander Grant, Utica. I. Captain, Charles H. GooUale, Kalamiizoo. First Lieutenant, Milo W. Barrows, Kala- mazoo. Second Lieutenant, George S. Hodges, Galesburg. K. Captain, Archibald P. Campbell, Port Huron. First Lieutenant, Moses R. Smith, Port Huion. Second Lieutenant, Marshall P. Thatcher, Pontiac. L. Captain, Bezaleel P. Wells, Niles. First Lieutenant, Andrew J. Foster, Niles. Second Lieutenant, John H. Hutton, Niles. M. Captaui, Frank W. Dickey, Marshall. First Lieutenant, Abram D. VanGordon, Marshall. Second Lieutenant, Thomas W. Johnston, Marshall. (614) MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. CI 5 The regiment left its rendezvous, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Davies, on Movember 14th, 1861. Major Minty having been promoted to the lieu- tenant colonelcy of the 3(1 Cavalry, did not take the field with this regiment, Captain Godley being commissioned to fill vacancy. The 2d took the route to St. Louis, Mo., and on its arrival was stationed at Benton barracks, where Gordon Granger, then a captain in the U. S. army, who had been commis- sioned as colonel, assumed command. Soon after it joined the army under General Pope, and took part in the operations at and about New Madrid and Island No. JO, having skirmishes with tlie enemy at Point Pleaaar)t, March 9th, and at Tipton on the same month. It was actively engaged in the invest- ment of the island, which finally led to its surrender. After the capture of the island referred to, it moved with the army under Pope to Farmington, Miss., and being in the advance it encountered the enemy at Pine llill, May 2d, and at Monterey on the 3d, and at Farmington on the 5th. During the siege of Corinth it was actively engaged in scouting and picket duty in that vicinity and in the surrounding country, accomplishing much hard service. Colonel Granger having been promoted to a brigadier general, Captain P. H. Sheridan, U. S. army, was appointed colonel by the following order: MrLiTARX Depaetivient, Michigan, noAN, ) Adjutant Genekal's Office, y GENERAii Ordebs, ) Detroit, May 25th, 1862 No. 148. ) Captain Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. Amiy, is hereby appointed colonel of the 2d Egl- ment Michitrau Cavalry, to rank from this date. Captain Sheridan will immediately assume command of the regiment. By order of the Commander-in-Chief. JNO. KOBERTSON, Adjutant OeneraL This order was made at Pittsburg Landing, Miss., by order of Governor Blair, who was tiien tliere, and delivered to Captain R. A. Alger and Quarter- master Frank Walbridge, both of the 2d Michigan Cavalry, and by them delivered to Captain Sheridan, who was then at General Halleck's head- quarters, near Farmington. Colonel Sheridan assumed command at once, and was soon in the saddle. Li a very few days he was in the spirited fight at Boonville, one of the brightest minor victories of the war. The operations of the 2d Michigan Cavalry in that affair, as detailed in the following sjtecial Report made to the Adjutant General of Michigan by Dr. WiUiuni Bruwnell, who was then assistant surgeon of the regiment, and accom- panied it on that occasion : " During the last week of June, 18G2, Colonel Sheridan, while his regiment was sta- tioned at Corinth, was ordered with his brigade, consibting of the 2d Michigan (his own regiment), the 2d Iowa Cavalry, Colonel Hatch, and two pieces of artillery, supported by two compiinies of infantry, to relieve a brigade stationed at Boonville, Miss., some twenty miles south of Corinth, on the Mobile and Ohio railroad, being at that time the extreme outpot-t of the army in that direction. The movement was duly accomplished so far as the cavalry were concerned, but the artillery and its support did not arrive at their desti- nation until the evening of the 1st of July. The rebel General Chalmers, then in that vieinity, gaining information frt>m citizens regarding the strength of the command at Boonville, and expecting to make an easy conquest, attacked iSheridan's pickets at 8 A. M. on July Is'.;, with (as was afterwards ascertained) 7,000 mounted men. At that hour there was but one company on picket. Company K, 2d Micliigan Cavalry, com- 610 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. manded by Captain A. P. Campbell. Taking advantage of the cover of the woods, he checked the enemy long enough to receive a reinforcement of three companies, number- ing only from 35 to 50 men each. The ground, although presenting advantages for defense in woods and small hills, yet had one disadvantage in having numerous roads centering on Boonville, by which the enemy could approach in almost any direction. The 2d Michigan Cavalry was armed at the time with Colt's revolving rifle and pistol, making twelve shots to a man, either of them very destructive at from 25 to 80 rods. The men of the regiment had been drilled by Colonels Granger and Sheridan to fight mounted and dismounted, either as cavalry or sharp-shooters, as the nature of the engagement might demand. When, therefore, they were attacked by Chalmers, and his fire returned with so much power and effect from troops on foot, he thought he had been misinformed as to the strength of the force at Boonville. He advanced with double hues dismounted, and double columns on either flank, mounted, with fines extendhig far enougli to swing round on eitlier flank, rendering the position of Captain Campbell in great danger of being sur- rounded and his force captured, while a solid column charged in the center on tlie load. Their charge was met gallantly by comparatively a mere handful of men, with such effect that they staggered back, and many feU almost at the muzzle of the rifles. Taking advantage of their momentary wavering, a new position was chosen a few rods to the rear, and Campbell was again in readiness to meet them. Inch by inch the ground was contested by the desperate fighting of the 2d Michigan, nobly protected on the flank by the 2d Iowa. Every man seemed to know his strength, and to take pride in using it to the fullest extent. When a charge was made by the enemy, instead of taking to tlieir horses, which were kept under cover a few rods in the rear, they emptied their rifles of six shots at long range, then drew their revolvers, and before they hud given them six more the enemy never failed to turn to tlie rear in confusion. " This continued until about 2 P. M., the command having fallen back about a mile and a half, and to within half a mile of the camp, when Colonel Sheridan, Unding the enemy most determined, and affairs becoming critical, viewing at a glance the situation, ordered one battalion by a circuitous route to charge the enemy in the rear — 200 men to charge 7^000! — yet they did it gallantly. At the same time, a supply train arriving from Corinth, Sheridan oi-dered the engineer to give a Uvely and cheering blast with l>is whistle, and the reserve to yell with a will, thus leading the enemy to befieve that reinfoicements were arriving; he withdrew his force to Tupelo, and left Sheridan and his handful of biave men masters of the fleld. "Next day 125 of the enemy's killed were buried and numbers of his wounded were left at houses in the neighborhood, and he carried off fuU loads of wounded in his ambu- lances. The 2d Michigan lost forty-one in killed and wounded." General Rosecrans's evidence before the committee on the Conduct of the War, was as follows : " General Pope receiving leave of absence, the command of the Army of the Missis- sippi devolved on me as the next in rank, whereupon I directed General Sheridan with a brigade of cavalry to take post at Boonville, at which pomt we had previously a baltalion, A day or two after his arrival, the rebel General Chalmers, with eleven regiments and parts of regiments of cavalry, attacked him; but such was the vigor and energy with which Sheridan handled his troops, one regiment (2d Michigan) of which was armed with revolving rifles, that the enemy were defeated, and this defeat gave our cavalry, consist- ing of only four regiments, the mastery of the country within the scope of its travel from that time forth, and constituted an epoch in its history in that region. " A correspondent wrote at the time: "The regiment, in command of Colonel Phil. H. Sheridan, who on May 25th had been appointed to the command of it by the Governor of Michigan, as its colonel, was ordered to join the expedition of Colonel Elliott, having in view the destruction of the Mobile and Ohio railroad at Boonville, Miss., on June 1st. The command alter making a circuit of about one hundred miles or more in rear of the rebel army, then concentrated at Corinth, burned the railroad bridge at Boonville, captured a great quantity of arms of ah kinds, destroying a large supply train. On the morning of the 30tli May, Sheridan repulsed an attack of the enemy's cavalry under command of Colonel McNairy, driving them in great confusion. "On arriving at Corinth the regiment was ordered to join the army near Boonville, then pursuing the forces of Beauregard after the evacuation of Coruitli. While on a reconnoissance with the cavalry und(U- Elliott to Blackland, Sheridan encountered the left wing of the enemy's forces at that point on June Ist. Being in the advance with the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 617 2d Michigan he was attaclced by two regiments of infantr>', two regiments of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, which he gallantly repulsed, bringing ofT Powell's battery, then fell back on the main force near Boonville. On a reconnoissancc with his regiment on Juno Gth he encountered Forrest's rebel cavalry at Donelson's cross-roads, between BoonvlUo and Baldwin, completely routing them. On Juno 8th, in command of the 2d Miehigan and 2d Iowa cavalry, ho pursued the enemy who were evacuating their position on Twenty-mile Creek, and which falling back to Tupelo, altinkcd the rt^bels at Baldwin, driving them back lo GunLown, where he forced tliem lo form a teUong Une with infantry, cavalry, and artillery, which proved too formidable to attack, and ho was ordered back to Boonville and tlicnce proceeded with the army to Corinth. "On the 11th, Sheridan assumed command of the 2d brigade of the cavalry division, army of the Mississippi, composed of the 2d Michigan and 2d Iowa Cavalry. On the 26th he was ordered to take a position at Boonville, twenty miles in front of the main army. There he was attacked on July 1st by nine regiments of rebel cavalry under General Chalmers, estimated at from five to six thousand. After considerable sharp skirmishing, he fell back on the edge of a swamp, a .strpng position, where he expected lo hold the enemy in check, but on tindiiig that he was being surrounded ho resorted to strategy, selecting ninety of his best men well armed with revolving rifles and sabres, and sent them to attack in the rear while he would charge in front at the same time. 'The attack in rear was promptly and gallantly made with rifles and then a charge with sabres, and before the enemy had recovered from this sudden and uidooked-for attack, they were vigorously charged on in front by Sheridan, and being utterly routed fled in great disor- der, pursued by this small force to Knight's Mills, some twenty mih^s or over, while the road over which they had passed was strewn with arms and clothing of every description. This defeat of nearly six thousand with two small regiments won for Sheridan his lirst star, his commission as brigadier dating from that day. "In August following he was attacked near Rienzi by a large command of cavalry under Cohmel Faulkner which he signally defeated, and drove to within a few miles of Hipley, dispersing the whole force and capturing a large number of prisoners and arms. He remained with his brigade in that locality until September 7th, when with his old reg- imeDt, the 2d Michigan, he was ordered to join the army in Kentucky. " Colonel Sheridan having been appointed a Brigadier General, to nink from July 1, lh62, he roconunended to the Governor tlie pruuiotiou of Lieutenant Colonel A. P. Campbell to fill the vacancy. Following is an extract from Sheridan's letter in the matter, under date of July 14th : " In making this appointment I have been influenced entirely by the interests of the public service, the honor of your State, and the reputation of my regiment. "In the numerous conflicts in which the regiment has been engaged, Lieutenant Colo- nel Campbell has exhibited the quaUties of a good soldier and a skillful commander. "His appointment has met the approval of the entire regiment. "I respectfully call your attention to the list of officers forwarded to you for appoint- ment on the 20th June last. The public interest, the discipline and success of the regiment, make it a necessity that those vacancies should be filled at once. "Will you have the kindness, Governor, to give this your immediate attention." The regiment moved to the field in Kentucky via Louisville, and was in the iidvaiice id the movement from that point on PerryviUe, engaged the enemy's rear guard, from time to time, meeting a sLubburn resistance, but their long range repeating rifles soon made the way clear, — dislodging the enemy from every cover. Arriving in the vicinity of PerryviUe, the regiment having the advance soon became engaged. On the first attack of the rebels at PerryviUe, which commenced early in the morning on Colonel McCook's command, the 30th Brigade, they appeared upon the right and left in great numbers, planting a battery in front ami com- menced pouring a shower of sluapnell upon the iJOth. For an hour this was continued. As soon as the position of tlie battery was ascertained, B.irneti's Illinois battery, by a few wlU directed shots, sdenced it. But the rebel artillery again rallied and again opened fire, and again were driven oH; a second time 78 618 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. they returned and met with the same fate, then the firing ceased entirely. The silencing of the battery seemed to check the enemy and they retired into the woods, the brigade retaining undisputed possession of the contested ground. An advancing force of Union cavalry pursuing in the direction the enemy had taken was soon furiously attacked. A battalion of the 2d Michigan Cav- alry, Colonel Campbell commanding, was at once dismounted, while the other two were thrown under cover of the woods. The dismounted battalion advanced upon the enemy, assisted by the 52d Ohio, and after a sharp skirmish drove them from the woods. They soon rallied, however, and receiving some re-enforcements, they forced our skirmishers and cavalry to retire, contesting every foot of the ground. The fight now became deeply interesting. On came the enemy, pouring heavy volleys into the ranks of the 2d Michigan and other cavalry, and pushing it gradually back until it occupied the position from which it first advanced towards the woods. The situation was critical. If the enemy was not imme- diately checked disastrous results might be expected. The 2d Missouri came gallantly up to the rescue and with deafening cheers advanced upon the enemy. The 2d Michigan re-animated by this assistance, advanced as skirmishers before the 2d Missouri, and the 15th Missouri came after as a support In vain the enemy opened upon the advancing line a murderous fire. A con- tinuous storm of leaden hail raged around them. The 2d Missouri steadily moved forward until the dismayed and conquered rebels broke and fled. For more than a mile the conquerors pursued and only gave up the chase when they were ordered back to their first position. The 2d Michigan was more or less engaged during the rest of the day ; the battle continuing until darkness put an end to the contest. During the night and next morning the enemy fell back to Harrodsburg followed by the cavalry and other troops. The regiment encountered the enemy there on the 10th, on the 12th at Lancaster, and subsequently at Rocastle river. Pursuit having been discontinued by orders of General Buell, the enemy pushed forward through Cumberland Gap into East Tennessee. During November it continued in Kentucky. In December, 1862, and January, 1863, it participated in the raid under General Carter into East Tennessee, severing the enemy's railroad communications and destroying sup- plies. During this expedition which occupied twenty-two days of unusually hard service, the regiment was engaged in several severe skirmisiies; at Blountsville, Zolikoffer and Watanaga. Soon after the Carter raid it proceeded to Louisville, and on February 3d, thence to Nashville. During February and March, it was stationed at Mur- freesboro and Franklin. It made many important reconnoissances on the roads leading out of these places, and had numerous skirmishes with the reb- els. In February it was eiigaged on the IStli near MiUon, on the 19lh at Cainsville, and on the 27th near Spring Hill. On the 4ih and 5tli of March, it had a severe skirmish with the enemy under Generals Vandorn and ForiesL, on the Columbia Pike, the regiment losing 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 1 captured. On the 4th a reconnoissance in force in command of Colonel Coburn, was sent out from Franklin on the Columbia pike, composed of the 33d and 85lh Indiana, 22d Wisconsin, and 19ih Michigan, numbering in all then constitut- ing Colonel Coburn's brigade, and including 200 of the 12Lh Ohio, with MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 619 detachments of three regiments of cavalry, about 600 strong, and one battery of six guns. The cavalry included two battalions of the 2d Michigan cavalry, in command respectively of Major L. S. Scraiiton and Lieutenant M. P. Thatcher. About four miles out the scouts and advance pickets of the enemy were met, when sharp skirmishing commenced, in which the I'Jth participated with slight loss. In the skirmish the enemy was driven buck with a loss of fifteen killed and wounded. Moving forward he was again encountered at a short distance, but night coming on ti)e force went into camp. Early on the morning of the 5th the march was resumed, leaving the I24tb Ohio in charge of the wagon train. After marching about two miles the cav- alry met the enemy's pickets and a heavy skirmish was coiuinued until the command came in sight of Thompson's Station, the enemy falling back. Advancing a short distance, and where the railroad joins the pike, the enemy opened fire with a heavy battery. Colonel Coburn immediately formed his line, and ordered a section of the battery to occupy a hill on the left of the pike, sending the 19th Michigan and 22d Wisconsin to support it. The 33d and 85th Indiana, with the other guns of the battery, took position on a hill on the right. The enemy had two batteries on a range of hills three-quarters of a mile in front, and south of the position occupied by the Union troops. The Slid and 85ih Indiana made a demonstration on the left of the enemy to draw him out or charge his batteries according to circumstances. A heavy engagement soon ensued, the Union forces making a determined fight, but it was a hopeless struggle; finally the Union troops succumbed to largely superior numbers, and a large portion of the force surrendered. The trains and artillery were nearly surrounded, when the two battalions of the 2d Michigan took a position to cover their retreat, and by a heavy skir- mish fire from their Colt's revolvers, and falling back rapidly at the same time, from cover to cover, but presenting a bold front, until driven by force of numbers, cheeked Forrest's cavalry long enough to save the I8th Ohio Cavalry and the trains. From the 8th to the 12th it participated in an important reconnoissance, during which the enemy were drivetj across Duck river. March 25th it had a sharp encounter with a large force of rebels under Stearns and Forrest, kill- ing and wounding a large number of the enemy, and capturing 52 j)ri8oner8 and a number of wagons loaded with arms, amniunition, and baggage, with a loss to the regiment of 1 died of wounds, 6 wounded, and 2 missing. On the 4th of June, while returning to Franklin from Triune, it had a brisk skirmish, with a loss of 2 killed and 3 wounded. Marching to Triune on the Gth, it remained at that point until the advance of the army from Murfreesboro, when it moved forward with the cavalry division to which it was attached. On the 23d it was engaged at Rover, on the 24th it drove the enemy through Middletown, and on the 2?th charged the rebels into Shelbyville. On the 2d of July it aided in driving the enemy from Elk River Ford, and on the 3d from Cowan. In the early part of September the regiment was actively engaged in scouting among the mountains near Chattanooga, and m ^'orlheru Georgia. On the 18th, 19th, and 20th of that month it was in the great battle of Chickamaui;a, charging on the rear ol Briigg's army at Fayetteville, capturing lb nien on picket, gaining iui{)oriant infoimation, tlien ascending the moun- tains reported to Rosecrans, and again moved down in rear of the battle-tield ■620 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. at Crawfish Springs, where it assisted in holding an important point, with the enemy on the right and left and in front. In tlie engagement of the 20th, Captain James Hawley was killed while serving on the staff of General Stanley. Leaving Katikin's Ferry, on the Tennessee, October 3d, the regiment par- ticipated in the chase after the rebel cavalry under General Wheeler, who were then engaged in ma'dng a raid on the comrnunicatioas of the army. During the pursuit of Wlieeler the regiment crossed the Cumberland moun- tains, marching on the 3d, 4th, and 5th of October 103 miles, and on the 6th, 7th, and 8th 82 miles, the greater portion of the distance over rough and mountainous roads, and became engaged with the enemy at Anderson's Cross- roads. October 3 1st the regiment was encamped at Winchester, Tenn. Dur- ing the year it had killed and disabled a large number of the enemy, und captured mauy prisoners, horses, wagons, etc. At this time the regiment, in command of Major L. S. Scranton, was serv- ing in the 1st brigade, commanded by Colonel Campbell, 1st cavalry division, Army of the Cumberland. From its camp at Winchester it proceeded on November 1st on a forag- ing expedition to Fayetteville, securing about 400 bushels of wheat, 65 head of beef cattle, between 500 and 600 sheep, and a number of horses and mules. Ijcaviiig Winchester on the 16th, the regiment moved, via Shelby- ■ville, Murfreesboro, and Milton, to Liberty, thence to Sparta, and over the Cumberland mountains and through Crossville, Kingston, and Knoxville, to Strawberry Plains, in East Tennessee, fording the Ilol>ton river, and arriving at its destination on the i7ih of December. On the 23d the regiment marciied, via New Market, to Dandridge, where at daylight on the 24th it participated in an attack on a superior force of the enemy. The fight lasted during the day, the Union forces falling back at night to New Market. The loss of the regi- ment was 2 killed, 8 wounded and 10 taken prisoners. Dr. Biowiiell in a report says of his regiment in this affair: "Near Dandridge, East Tennessee, December 24th, 1863, Colonel A. P. Campbell, In ■command of a brigatle of cavalry, composed of the 2d Michigan, yth Pennsylvania, and 1st Tennessee, attacked and diove a portion of the enemy's cavahy through that place, and then halted north of the town, with no enemy in sight. At 2 P. M., same day, the rebels, under cover of the hills and by a curve in the road, rapidly pushed in, in rear of the command, with two brigades of cavalry, cutting Colonel Campbell off from his only source of retreat. The enemy, at the first dash, captured two pieces of artilleiy, but they were immediately recaptured and pushed to the rear. Colonel Campbell at once deti'i-mined to cut his way out by the left flank, which, by a bold and gallant dash, was accomplished. The command then fell steadily back before this superior force, lighting desperately on foot, and so closely followed by the enemy that for four hours it was found impossible to bring the artillery into position. Just at dark the guns were bi-ought to bear and opened witli much vigor, checking the enemy, thereby giving the brigade an opportunity to form in good shape, when it mounted, and, unpursued tliereafter by the enemy, reached its camp at New Market, with a loss of 20 in killed, wounded, and missing. " Following is an extract from a telegram to General Foster, commanding the de[)artnicnt, dated Headquarters Cavalry Corps, New Market, Tenn., Decem- ber 24ti), 1863: 8.30 P. M. — Colonel Campbell deserves great credit for the masterly manner in which he extricated himself. S. D. STURGIS, Brig. Gen. Commanding Cav. Corps. On the 25th the regiment encamped at Mo.-sy Creek. It remained at and MICHIGAN IN THE WAIi. 621 near this place until the 14th of January, 1864, having on the 29th of Decem- ber previous a skirmish with the rebels, in which its casualties were 1 killed, 1 wounded, and 2 taken prisoners. On the 14th of January the regiment marched to Dundridge, and on the ITih skirmished with the enemy wiio were advanc- ing on Kno;[ville under General Longstreet. On the 19tli the regiment fell back to Knoxville, and again crossing the Ilolston river it bivouacked on the 23d on Flat Creek, and on the 2Gth on Pigeon river. Marching at midnight on the 2(>tli it participated in an attack the next day on a brigade of rebel cavalry, from whom it cjtptured '6 pieces of artillery and 75 prisoners, the loss- of the rcirinient being 11 wounded and 2 missing. In relation to this affair Lieutenant Boyuton, 8th Michigan Cavalry, in a communication to the Port Huron Press, says: "On the 27th of January the enemy came up with the intention of attackiii04. \ " ' Colonel Campbell, Commanding 1st Brigade Cavalry Division, D. C: " ' General Sturgis, commanding the cavalry, directs me to inform you that it gives him. great pleasure to thank you, in the name of Major General John G. Foster, commanding the dejiartment, for your gallantry in the engagement of the 27th ult. , when your brigade drove the enemy from every position, finally driving him from the field with severe los&- and in great confusion. " ' I have the honor to be, Colonel, very respectfully your most obedient servant, " 'WM. C. RANDKE, •' ' Captain A. D. C, U. S. A.' " On the 4th of March following the regiment arrived at Calhoun, and on tha 12th at Cleveland, Tenn. On the 29th of March three hundred and twenty- tix of the regiment reiinlisted and were mustered in as veteran volunteers. On the 14th of April these veterans left Cleveland for Michigan, and on arrival at Jackson were furloughed for thirty days. Breaking camp at Cleveland on the 3d uf May tlie regiment moved with the army under General Sherman on tiie Geoigia campaign, and on the 11th marched through 'lunncl Hill to Dug Gap. It passed tlirough the Gap on the 13th, skirmishing with the enemy. On the following day, while in the advance, it lost in a skirmish 1 killed and 3 wounded. The regiment constructed breastworks at Tilton on the ISth^ but the next day it crossed the Coosa waters ana continued the advance, arriv- ing at Cassville Station on the 20th. On the 23d it forded the Etowah. la successive skirmishes it lost 2 men wounded on the 24th, 2 more on the 26th, 623 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and on the 27th it lost 1 wounded and 2 missing; 5 men were also wounded on the 28th. On the 2d and 5th the regiment skirmished with the enemy on the Ackworth and Dallas road, and on the 17th reached the summit of Lost Mountain. On the 29Lh of June the regiment moved by raih'oad to Frank- lin, Tenn., where it arrived on the 10th of July. It was here joined by the reenlisted men who had returned to the State on veteran furlough. From the latter date to the 29th of August the regiment was employed in guarding the railroad from Nashville to Rutherford's Creek, whence it marched to Nush- ville, and on the 30th moved out on the Murfreesboro road in pursuit of the forces under the rebel General Wheeler. Meeting the enemy twelve miles from Nashville, it charged and drove them several miles. From this time to the 8th of September the regiment was engaged in the pursuit of Wheelei^'s forces, skirmishing with them near Campbeltville on the 5th of September. On the 7th the regiment arrived at Florence, Ala», and again returned to Franklin on the 12th. On the 25th it started from Franklin in pursuit of the forces of General Forrest, who was then engaged in a raid through Ten- nessee, and on the 27th engaged them durnig the day. The command marched via Counersville, Shelbyville, and Tulhihoma to Winciiester, thence by Normandy, Lewisburg, Shelbyville, Mooresville, and Tallerea to Florence, Ala., where it arrived on the 5th of October. On the 7th the regiment, in command of Colonel Thomas Johnston, who had been promoted to the colonelcy to rank from December 31st, 1864, engaged the enemy on Cypress river, los- ing 2 killed, 3 wounded, and 1 taken prisoner. Among the killed was Lieuten- ant Russell T. Darrow. A correspondent wrote as follows: " We are in pursuit of Wheeler. Having just one moment's leisure I give the particu- lars of to-day's fight. After resting the most of last night, we brolie camp at daylight this morning, our regiment leading the brigade. Our advance coming up with the John- nies, about 8 o'clock A. M., a skirmish ensued which was kept up until we formed m line of battle (dismounted) just where we did almost every day last spring, a year ago, and of xjourse we were at home. " We had our line scarcely formed when they attacked us, as though we were made to run at the sight of them. The 1st East Tennessee Cavalry, and 4:th Kentucky Mounted Infanti-y, having formed on our right, then the whole hne being supported by detach- ments of the 6th Kentucky and 8th Iowa Cavalry. They charged our right, left, and center, but each time rolled back, paying dearly for their rashness, our Spencers cutting them up fearfully. Though they outnumbered us four to one, men and officers stood nobly to their posts, although the day was the hottest of the season. In less than three hours after the fight began we forced them to retire, leaving their dead and wounded in our hands. The casualties of the regiment were one killed and three slightly wounded, not including Lieutenant Levi Brown, who received a flesh wound in the left shoulder. Lieutenant H. H. Sanborn, acttug Adjutant, while carrying orders to the line, had his horse shot from under him and was severely hurt. Colonel Jim Brownlow, of the 1st Tennessee Cavalry, was shot through both thighs. The rebel loss is one Geneial, one Colonel, three line officers, and seventeen enlisted men left dead on the field. During the first two days, we captured about one hundred and sixty prisoners, hicluding two sur- geons and one captain, and two line oflicers. We shall continue the pursuit at sunset. " The regiment then marched by Pulaski, Rodgersville, and Marmion, to Four Mile Creek, Ala., where it encamped frc»m the 17th to the 29th, when the rebel army under General Hood crossed the Tennessee. The regiment was engaged during the remainder of the month, with its brigade, in checking the rebel advances. On the oOth it encountered the enemy at Raccoon Fonl, but was obliged to retire. On the 31st of October the regiment marched to Sugar Creek, and during the year had marched over 1,364 miles, exclusive of marches when on picket and patrol duty. On November 1st it marched from Blue MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. G..'3 Waters towards Shoal Creek, Alabama, and was attacked by tlie enemy at that point on the 5th, and after a gallant defense was forced back to Four Mile creek, sustaining a heavy loss. From the 9th to the 14th it was in camp doing ordinary scouting and picket duty. On the 15th it broke camp and made a reconnoissance to the right of its position, and encamped at Taylor's Springs, and remained there until the 20th, when it marched to Lexington, Tenn., and on the 21st to Lawrenceburg, where it wire attacked by the enemy on the afternoon of that day, and fell back towards Campbellsville and near Columbia, skirmishing at both these points. The 25th it crossed Uuck river, engaging the* enemy on that and the two succeeding days, and on the 2Sth was in line of battle near the Lewisburg pike. On the 29th it retired to Spring Hill, and was engaged in skirmishing during the day at that place and at Bethesda Church. On the bOth it was engaged at Franklin, fighting all day, sustaining a loss of 1 killed, 17 wounded, and 3 missing. The regiment marched from near Franklin, December 1st, to within a few miles of Kash- ville, and was in line of battle during the night. On the 2d, passed through that city, crossing the Cumberland river, went into camp at EdgefieM, and remained there until the 12th, when it recrossed the Cumberland, passing through Nashville, and encamped on the Charlotte pike. On the loth it advanced about two miles, dismounted and skirmished during that day and next ; at sunset mounted and proceeded in the direction of the Harpeth river, swimming that stream, and thence marched to Spring Hill. Crossing Duck river on the 23d, and passing through Columbia on the 24:th, it met the enemy at Richland creek, and fought him all day, charging and driving him sixteen miles, losing 1 killed and 6 wounded; skirmishing at Pulaski on the 25th, and at Sugar Creek on the 26th, passing Taylor's Springs on the 28th, reach- ing Waterloo on the 31st. A correspondent says : •' This regiment left Edgefield December 12th, passed through Nashville and camped on the Charlotte pike, near the rebel lines. On the morning of the 15th, marched out on the right of our army; fought the enemy near the Cumberland river, drove them all day, and near night commenced swinging around towards the center, and camped several rbiles from the river. On the 16th moved but a few miles, driving the rebels in on their center; 17th, crossed the Franklin pike to our left fiank, marched south, swam the Har- peth river, capturing a large number of prisoners. Passed over the ground where we fought on the 30th of November; the rebel graves there made the place look like a grave- yard. Wo learned from prisoners that the rebels had, on the 3d, a division of infantry and a brigade of cavalry that were delayed thus by our regiment; they were uncertain as to what force was there. The slaughter with which their charges were repulsed led them to think that we had a larger force, and they maneuvered with their heavy force nearly all day. If they had moved on Franklin the result there might have been different. On the 18th we moved on the flank of the rebels as far as Spiing Hill; were delayed in crossing Di^ck river on account of the pontoons taking the wrong road. On the '24th our brigade had the advance and came up with the rebels a few miles below Columbia. The 2d Michigan had the advance of the brigade. A part of the biigade, by mistake or design, separated from the balance, and the 2d Michigan and a part of the 1st Tennessee did the fighting. The Chicago Board of Trade Battery kept up, and did very good <'xecution. The rebels had a division of cavalry as rear guard. We drove them IG miles and made a charge through Louisville. The orders were to move on and not stop to fight, but we found it convenient to stop and fight several times duiing the day. At night, when we were ordered to go into camp, we found that the ground we wished to camp on was occu- pied by the enemy. It was growing dark, but the 2d Michigan thought a good (.uinping ground was worth fighting for; they dismounted and diove the rebels out, and took pos- session of their fires, already lighted. The next day the whole cavalry force followed the rebels through Pulaski, capturing prisonei-s, wagons, ammunition, guns, etc. The 2d Brigade left tlie cavalry command December 28th, 40 miles above here. We arrived here last night, and found gunboats and transports with rations. Since we left Nashville the 6M MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. eavalry has done a great deal of service, capturing many prisoners and guns, and the 2ut Sheridan also led the pursuit of the defeated, Hying army -the army that had looked upon not a few retreats of the elated soldiery who, under their invincible leader, now pursued them. Word came that h(! was operating disastrously upon the rebel flanks then that the pursuit was likely to succeed — thiui that the rebels were ut bay, and a call for help — a call promptly responded to, with no laggard Pitz John Porter to turn a deaf ear, or to grudge a tardy step. Once more in his modest bulletin Sheridan sends us the account of another great battle and victory — the last that we shall hear of, for It ends 626 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. with the capitulation of the residue of Lee's army and the destruction of rebel military power in the Old Dominion. Sheridan and his heroes, among whom we count as chief our own Indomitable and fiery Custer, have striclten down the only columns that upheld the now ruined architecture of rebel authority. It is for those skilled in mihtary affairs to criticise. It shall be our pleasant duty to express the grateful pride ^he patriotic masses feel hi the magnificent achievements of General Sheridan, and the deep sense of their transcendant importance in restoring our noble Union. " General Sheridan stands now very high in the court of fame, yet Michigan will always rejoice that in his humbler days she gave him an opportunity to rise, and honored herself by discerning his merit." The following interesting order we copy from the records of the Adjutant General's office in this State, from which it will be seen that General Sheri- dan was once colonel of the 2d Michigan Cavalry: " • Military Department, Michigan, ) "•Adjutant General's Office, V "General Orders, > " 'Pittsburg Landing, May 26th, J 862. } No. 148. S "'I. Captain Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. Army, Is hereby appointed colonel of the 2d Begiment Michigan Cavalry, to rank from this date. " ' II. Captain Sheridan will immediately assume command of the regiment. "*By order of the Commander-in-Chief. "•JNO. ROBERTSON, "'Adjutant General.* " With the honor of a Michigan regiment first entering Fort Mahone, so bravely carried by our own gallant Willcox— with the honor of another Michigan regiment first raismg the Union flag over Petersburg — with our magnificent Custer ever at the right hand of Sheridan to execute his most important commands — with our modest but indomitable Williams leading a corps of Sherman's Grand Army during all its splendid achievements, — we at home feel the reflected lustre of glories ample enough for any ambition. " The following is a letter written to Colonel Campbell while on furlough in Michigan, which is inserted owing to the high compliment to the regiment, and especially comlBg from an officer so capable of judging of meritorious services : Headquarters Chief of Cavalry, i Department of the Cumberland, J. Chattanooga, Tenn., April 18th, 1864. \ Colonel,— On account of the scarcity of horses and equipments in this department, I would suggest that vou try, through the influence of the authorities of your State, to be mounted and equipped before you leave the State, and be ready for service at the expiration of your furlough. Having known the regiment since its organization, and having had it under my command, I can testify to its gallantry and endurance. The State may well be proud of the regiment. Hoping that the regiment will have a pleasant furlough, I am. Colonel, veiy respectfully, your obedient servant, W. L. ELLIOTT, Colonel A. P. Campbell, Brig. Gen. and Chief of Cavalry. 2d Michigan Cavalry. Comments of Captain M. P. Thatcher, of the regiment, on the trainmg given it by Col- onel Granger in the early days of its service: " The 2d Michigan Cavalry was a peculiar regiment. Gordon Granger was appointed colonel of the regiment when it first arrived at St. Louis, Mo., and his life among the 2d U. S. DrMgoons, on the frontier, peculiarly fitted him for an instructor of this regiment, which, of all others, was made up of material equally rough as himself— lumbermen, woodsmen, trappers, and men accus- tomed to hardships in every form, while many of tliem were as good shots as could be found in the whole army. He instructed the oflicers nights at his headquarters, and drilled the regiment in the day time, when the company commanders were not busy with their drills. He was a very, very strict disciplinarian, rough in manner, but with a kind heart when rightly touched. He taught the oflicers obedience first, then to drill, mounted and dismounted, and to meet a surprise from any quarter and receive it, either mounted or dismounted, as occasion requiretl, and so thoroughly were we drilled in this that, in the years of the war following, we very frequently had occasion to dismount and form rapidly in any direction, and always met the rebels successfully, often sur- prising them in not being able to surprise us." The black horse rode by General Sheridan on his celebrated ride from Winchester up fhe Shenandoah Valley when he turned the tide of battle in favor of the Union arms, and won out of a most disastrous route one of the most glorious and important victories of the war, was presented to him by Colonel Archibald Campbell, of the 2d Michigan Cav- alry, and had been given to the colonel when he entered the ai'my by the citizens of Port Huron. This horse had been raised in St. Clair county in this State. " The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating Uke prisoners assaulting their walls; Impatient to be where the batlle-tield calls. Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play. With Sheridan only ten miles away." MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 627 •• Be It Bald In letters both bold and bright, Here is the steed that saved the day — By carrying Sheridan into the fight From Winchester, twenty miles away." Doling the war the Adjutant General's Department as well as the Governor received an hacredible number of letters from soldiers on all subjects and of all sorts, many of them of a most amusing character. Following is one from a soldier of the 2d Michigan Cavalry as a sample: Camp Smith, March lat, 1364. Governor Blair: Sir,— I want you to gets certificate of the connty of Norfolk, Canada West, of Colonel Wilson, of my character, for they are making the eolUiers believe that I am a rebel amongst them. I am here in Camp Smith. John Alliel, Eliancler Sovereign got their blankets washeil in a colored man's house. I am a witness to the above crime. Tell Henrietta that 1 am well and in good health, hop. ing her and her family the same. If you please, give much love to her at your convenience, and write copy of this as soon as you can. I am under the care of Colonel Creze. • « • • THIRD REGIMENT CAVALRY. •' The squadron is forming, the war bugles play, To saddle, brave comrades, stout hearts for a fray, Our Commander is mounted, strike spurs and away." The 3d Cavalry was also raised under the superintendence of Colonel Kel- logg, having its rendezvous at Grand Eapids. Its recruitment commenced early in July, 1861, and on the 1st of November following it was mustered into the service of the United States, having on the rolls 1,163 officers and men. fieijD and staff. Colonel, P. W. Kellogg, Grand Eapids. Lieutenant Colonel, Robert H. G. Minty, Detroit. Majors, Edward Gray, Detroit; William S. Burton, South Haven; Obel H. Foote, Grand Rapids. Surgeon, Josiah Andrews, Paw Paw. Assistant Surgon, Lucius C. Woodman, Paw Paw. Adjutant, Robert O. Selfridge, Tecumseh. Battalion Adjutants, Alanson Tracy, Detroit; Danby L. Coon, Ionia; Lanson K. Jennie, Grand Rapids. Quartermaster, William W, Cantine, Grand Rapids. Battalion Quartermasters, Chauncy C. Douglass, Grand Rapids; Henry Jewett, Grand Rapids; Mortimer L. Hopliins, Grand Rapids. Chaplain, Joel Kennedy, Allegan. The companies of the regiment, as mustered in, were: A. Captain, Gilbert Moyers, Allegan. First Lieutenant, Horace H. Pope, AUegan. Second Lieutenant, Isaac Wilson, Allegan, B. Captain, Lyman G. Willcox, Detroit. First Lieutenant William T. MagoflBn, St. Johns. Second Lieutenant, Thomas B. Wier, Ann Arbor. C. Captain, Gilbert J. Hudson, Paw Paw. First Lieutenant, Joseph W. Huston, Paw Paw. Second Lieutenant, Barney Dyckman, Paw Paw. D. Captain, Daniel Kellogg, Ypsilanti. First Lieutenant, Cicero Newell, Ypsilanti» Second Lieutenant, Philo D. Cutler, Ionia. E. Captain, Muliord M. Latimer, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Stewart Ives, Big Rapids» Second Lieutenant, Caleb E. Brown, Jaclcson. F. Captain, John L McCIoud, Schoolcraft. First Lieutenant, Theodore Reese, Chi- cago, 111. Second Lieutenant, Frederick C. Adamson, Detroit. G. Captain, Teunis V, Quaekenbush, Whilmore Lake. First Lieutenant, William 0. Stevens, Wliitmore Lake. Second Lieutenant, Daniel M. Caldwell, Pontiac. H. Captain, Conrad Highwood, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Oliver C. Leonardson, Port Huron. Second Lieutenant, Carl B. SchefHer, Jackson. I. Captain, William Dunham, Fentonviile. First Lieutenant, William H. Dickenson, Grand Eapids. Second Lieutenant, Heber Crane, Detroit. K. Captain, Collins Dtivis, Tecumseh. First Lieutenant, Dewitt 0. Smith, Jackson. Second Lieutenant, Amos M. Adams, Adrian. L. Captain, Tliomas H. Botham, St. Joseph. First Lieutenant, William H. Patton,^ Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Monroe G. Carlton, St. Joseph. M. Captain, Thomas Saylor, Sinaw. First Lieutenant, Edwar'd B. Nugent, Saginaw. Second Lieutenant, Torrence P. McEntee, Saginaw. The appointment of Colonel Kellogg having been made by the War Depart- (628) MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 629 nient he was mustered in with the regiment by consent of the Governor, but did not receive a counuission from the Slate, and was soon after, with his own consent, mustered out of service. The regiment left for the field on November 28th, ISGl, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Minty, under orders to report at St. Louis, Mo., and on its arrival there was stationed at Benton Barracks. General Pope being engaged in a movement against New Madrid and Island No. 10, in the Mississippi river, it was ordered to join his forces. In com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel Minty it proceeded to that locality, rcachinoat incapable of fieiirhting Uk"- .-niire party and there being no time for a second trip, sixty men wore seli'ded and embarked on their hazardous voyage. Gaining the opposite bank two miles below, th.y found, after a wearisome reconnoissance, that they wore entin-ly cut off from the main land by an extensive bayou; yet, nothing daunted they reCmbarked and landed again quite near the town, which tlioy immcdiaLely surrounded, and dallied iii ui-on tlic abtoiii.sbed, half- awake, haU'-ciad enemy, and secured the entire party, con.'-if.iiiig of one cohjncl, three captains, four lieutenants, and sixty-one enlisted men, with their horsi's, aims ami e(juip- cients con)plete, without the lot^s of a single man. Lut we have to regret an accident to tlie brave commander, Captain Newell, who received a serious but not dangerous wound. Captain F. C. Adamsou, of the 3d Micliigan Cavalry, then assumed conmiand and safely re-crossed the Tennessee river with all liis piisoners and captuied prt)perty. He, with all the officers and men of this heroic little band, deserve the highest praise for their cheer- ful and hearty seconding of this happily conceived exiiedition. Uhile we admire and applaud this noble achievement of Captain Newell and his little parly, let u^ learn to emulate them, and, inspired with the love of the noble and the brave, and this example before us, let us take courage and press this civil strife with redoubled energv. By order of J. ii. MIZNER, Colonel and Chief of Cavalry. Thomas B. Wier, Lieut, an! Act'g Ass't Adj't Gen'l. Lieutenant Oscar H. Bingham was attacked and murdered by guerrillas near Jackson, Teun., April 29th, 18G3. The regiment participated in a heavy engagement at Jackson, Tonn., on July 13th, 1863, and again skirmished with the enemy ou the ;;iUth at Pauolu. From a re})ort of the regiment: " On July 12th, the 3d, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Moyers, proocoded to Jack- son, Tenn., in compaiiy with other regiments of the brigade, the force being under com- mand of Colonel Hatch. On arrival there on the 13th it was found to be ociu|)ied by a force of 1,500 rebel cavalry under Colonels Forrest and Biflle. A shaip engagement ensued; a final desperate chaige with the 3d Micliigan Cavalry broke the enemy's lines, utterly routing him, driving his scattered colunms from the streets of the town, the ascer- tained loss ol the rebels being 16 killed, 67 wounded, w hile 85 unwounded (>risoners were taken; the Federal loss being 2 killed and 12 wounded. The 3d Michigan had but oue wounded." A correspondent wrote : "Learning that a large cavalry force had crossed the Tennessee river, and were occupy- ing Jackson, Tenn., for the purpose of carr> ing into eflect the conscription act in West Tennessee, on Sunday, the Tith instant (July), Colonel Mizner dispatched a force con- sisting of the 1st and 2d West Tennessee Cavalry, 3d Michigan and 2d Iowa Cavalry, and 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry, in all about 1,300 men, under command of Colonel Ed. Hatch, of the 2d Iowa Cavalry, to dislodge and disperse them. " We arrived on the west side of the town at about noon on the 13th, and found it occu- pied by some 2,000 or 2,500 men under command of Colonel Jesse Forrest. The light immediately opened. Tlie rebels had chosen a very stiong position along the bank of the Forked Deer river, which runs along the west side of the town, at the disUince of about a mile from it. Our only approach to this position was across a bottom several miles In width by means of i.u embankment where a sewer had been made, just wide enoui:h for a carriage road. The bottom itself was rendered almost impassable for our skirmishers by the dense mass of cane brakes, tangled vines, and undeibrush, and also by numerous bayous making out in all directions from tlie main stream. Under tliese ilisad vanuiges our line was formed and we advanced. Companies F, D, I, G, anil H, of the ;iil Muhigan, on the right of the road, and Companies A, K, E, L, and B ou the left. This line was sup- ported by the yth Illinois Infantry. "At the rivei the contest was long and desperate. The rebols were some of Forrest's oldest and best troops, and stood with a cleterminatiou seMom equaled by iheuj and never surpassed, and having every advantage of position which could be wished for. It seemed for a time almost impossible to dislodge them, but a skiillul move on both flanks ut the same time, njade by order of Colonel Aloyeis (3d Michigan; sustained in the center by the well-directed fire of our revolving rill, s and our two mountain howitzers, which, under command of Lieutenant Wilson, did exiellenl seivice, drove the enemy in confusiou Iroui this position after having maintained it for thiee hours. 80 6S4 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. " They formed a new line In the edge of the town, upon which our skirmishers rapidly advanced, the rebels slowly falling back, when a gallant charge of the 2d Iowa, led by CJolonel Hatch In person, completed the rout and drove them from the town, taking some 70 or 80 prisoners. " On the north side of the town they were met by reinforcements from Trenton, to the number of 400 or 500, under Colonel Biffle, who now took command, and they again formed a new line, which was first met by the 9th Illinois, under Lieutenant Colonel Phillips. Here for a time the firing was heavy and incessant, the struggle becoming desperate. Twice the gallant 9th charged on the foe, and were each time repulsed, and once the rebels charged with a like result, neither party being able to gain any advantage. " Companies A, K, and H, of the 3d Michigan, with the batteries of the 2d Iowa and 3d Michigan, coming up at an opportune moment to the support of the 9th, a line was formed and the rebels were finally routed, flying in all directions in great disorder, leaving their killed and wounded on the field, and throwing away arms, blankets, and everything which could in any way impede then- progress. It was now 5 o'clock P. M. ; nevertheless, pursuit was immediately commenced on all the roads leading north and east from Jack- son, but they had broken up and scattered so much in their flight that it was without avail, and all the pursuing force returned to Jackson by 9 o'clock the next morning, from whence they proceeded to LaGrange by different routes, the 3d taking the road via Sum- merville, capturing 10 prisoners belonging to Eichardson's guerrilla band. " We buried 32 rebels on the field. The total loss was about 90 killed and wounded, over 100 prisoners, and 250 horses and mules, besides a large number of newly gathered conscripts, variously estimated by the prisoners at from •100 to 500, who took advantage of the confusion and defeat to escape by the shortest practical route to their homes. "Our loss was, in the 3d Michigan, only 1 wounded and 1 taken prisoner. The 9th Ilhnois lost 7 or 8 wounded, 1 mortally. The Iowa and Tennessee regiments, none. Too much praise cannot be awarded the 9th HUnois for theu' gallant conduct in this engage- ment." A correspondent at the time wrote : " The military movements of this department are not very rapid nor formidable, though perhaps they are sufficient for the occasion, for the southern warriors of this section are simply bandits not soldiers, and require to be hunted like wolves from the swamps. General West, with a brigade of cavalry, including a part of the 3d Michigan, is on an expedition towards the northern part of the State; considerable, I believe, is expected from it. One battalion of the 3d Cavalry is at Lake Bluff, commanded by Major Willeox. Captain Adamson, of his command, was dangerously wounded on the evening of the 5th. He was sent out with 80 men in charge of 3,000 horses and mules to graze on tlie prairie. About 5 P. M. the Captain, accompanied by Corporals Loren Harrington and Thomas Clary, of Company B, rode up to a house and asked for a glass of water. The captain was just raising the water to his Ups when five men dressed in the Federal uniform rode up and ordered him to surrender, and immediately comniciieed firing. At the first fire Captain A. was hit and fell from his horse; a ball passed through Corporal Clary's riglit arm, but not until he had winged a rebel. Corporal Harrington was talien prisoner. The horses and arms of the party were taken off by the victors, leaving Adamson and Clary on the ground. It seems that the assassins had been lying in wait for some time, watch- ing an opportunity to approach an unsuspecting party and murder them. If any of the miscreants are caught hereafter, they will swing by the neck in less time than they can say their prayers." The regiment again met the enemy at Grenada, August 14th, 1863 ; Byhalia, October 12th, and Wyatt's Ford, Tallahatchie river, October 13th. In addi- tion to these principal engagements, the regiment participated in a large number of skirmishes of minor importance. In the affair at Grenada the 3d was in the advance. It gained possession of the town after a sharp engage- ment, and immediately commenced the destruction of the enemy's machinery and rolling stock accumulated at this point. Over GO locomotives and more than 400 cars were destroyed. At Byhalia and Wyatt's Ford tlie regiment was warmly engaged. In thesQ actions the enemy was completely routed, with large loss. The 3d Cavalry aided largely in driving the notorious rebels Kichardson, Dawson, and Cushman from West Tennessee, together with numerous bands of guerrillas that infested that section, and who were destroyed or dispersed by it. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 63& Regarding the operations at Grenada a correspondent writes: " On the morning of the 13th of August, 1863, seven companies of the 3d, In command of Major Hudson, an equal number of the 2d Iowa, commanded by Major Coon, with the 11th Illinois Cavalry and the 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry, the whole under command of Lieutenant Colonel PhQlips, of the latter regiment, left LaGrange for "Water Valley, Miss., for the purpose of destroying a large amount of rolling stock at or near that place, which liad been run north by the rebels from Jackson, Miss., when taken possession of by the Union troops. On reaching the Lacona river they had a slight skirmish, and on their aiiivalat Water Valley they ascertained that the cars and engines had been removed to Gre- nada. They accordingly proceeded toward that place, continually skirmishing with the fiiemy, and driving them rapidly back until they reached the Tallshalchie river, two or three miles from Grenada, where the enemy made a stand and opened on our troops with ai tiUery, six and ten-pounders. With two twelve-pound mountain howitzers, which were soon placed in position, and their revolving rifles, the rebel artillerj' was soon silenced, and the enemy flying in confusion from the town. About fifty railroad men and a large number of rebel soldiers were taken prisoners. It being found impossible to remove the stock, owing to the destruction of bridges on the railroad, it was set fire to, consuming fifty- seven locomotives, four or five hundred passenger and freight cars, the depot buildings, machine shops, with an amount of commissary and quartermaster stores. "The rebel force was about 2,000 of Chalmer's brigade." From a correspondence of the Memphis Appeal, covering operations at Bylialia and Wyatt's Ford, on the 12th and 13th of October: " On the 11th October, while cavalry forces of the 16th army corps, under command of Colonel Hatch, were being concentrated at Salem, Miss., the report of artillery was heard in the direction of CoUierville. The 9th Illinois mounted infantry, and the 7th Kansas, and the 6th and 7tli Illinois cavalry, with four mountain howitzers and four two- pounder steel guns, constituted the 1st brigade, and was placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Phillips of the former regiment, while the 3d Michigan, 6th Tennessee, and 3d and 9th Illinois cavalry, with four mountain howitzers, constituted the 2d brigade, and placed under command of Lieutenant Colonel Moyers (3d Michigan). " At 10 o'clock A. M. on that day Colonel Phillips was sent with his command by way of Holly Springs to Lockhart's Mills, with instructions to guard the crossing of the Cold- water in that vicinity, while Colonel Moyers was sent with the 2d brigade by way of Muuiit Pleasant to Dunn and Jackson's Mills, on the Coldwater, for a similar purpose, as it wiis thought that the enemy would, in case of defeat, attempt to effect a crossing there- abouts. On the night of the 11th Colonel Phillips had reached his place of destination, while the 2d brigade bivouacked near Hudsonville. Phillips soon learned that the rebels had retreated by way of Byhalia to Ingraham's Mills, and started in pursuit. At the former place it was known that a most formidable position could be selected for a force acting upon the defensive, and Colonel Hatch was not mistaken in his supposition that the enemy would make a stand there. " Colonel Phillips moved upon the enemy who were posted in a most formidable posi- tion under a cover of a wood on a commanding eminence, and after a desperate struggle of about two hours succeeded in driving him from his position with a severe loss. Col- onel Moyers came up with the 3d Hlinois and 3d Michigan in time to participate in tha engagement. " The enemy were closely pursued by our cavalry until the darkness of the night ren- dered further pursuit impracticable. "On the morning of the 13th the pursuit was again vigorously resumed, the enemy passing through Chulahoma, in the direction of Wyatt's. At the former place Colonel Moyers was sent with his brigade by a route leading to Wyatt's on the left of the main road. His advance soon came upon the enemy in small force and charged them. This occasioned an interval greater than usual between the main column and the advance, and as Colonel Moyers was riding along somewhat in advance of the column, an oflici'r was .-.eeii to emerge from the woods, who, upon closer inspection, proved to be Captain Caruthers, of the 12th Tennessee (Confederate), and who made his appearance at this f>"nit lor the purpose of joining General Chalmers. On further inquiry Colonel Moyers itarned that the Captain had a force a short distance in the wood, and ho sent a lieuten- iiiii and ten men to secure them. On the approach of our men the Confederates began lo run away, but Captain Caruihers very generously commanded them to halt, which they Mid, and deUvered up two lieutenants and eleven men, with horses, arms, and oquipnionts. '■ When our forces had reached a point three miles from Wyatts, the enemy were met in force. A brisk engagement followed, and he was gradually driven back, and soon after opened with his artillery, which consisted of one twelve-pounder, two six-pound field '636 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. pieces, and four small steel p;uns, in position on an eminence on the north bank of the Tallahatchie. To oppose him Colonel Moyers was placed on the left and Colonel Phillips ■on the right, with our artillery supported by the 3d Michigan and 3d Illinois in the center. "Three times the enemy charged our left, and was as often repulsed with great loss. The fight lasted from 3 o'clock P. M. until darkness shields the flying foe from the giasp of our encu-cling lines. All agree that one hour more of daylight would have Secured to us at least 500 prisoners. It was on the whole one of the most desperate and successful cavalry fights that occurred in the west. The enemy's force was not less than 3,UU0, our own about 2,500." During November and December, 1863, this regiment was almost constantly •engased in scouting and in various expeditions through Northern Mississippi iind Western Tennessee, reaching most of the important places in that section. It had frequent encounters with the enemy's forces under Generals Foi rest and Chalujers. Engagements and skirmislies in which the regiment [partici- pated, occurred at Kipley, Miss., November :<;9th, Orizaba, Miss., November 3Uth, Ellistown, Miss., December 3d, Purdy, Tenn., J)ecember "Z'M, and Jack's Creek, Tenn., December 24th. During the period mentioned the reg- iment is reported to have marched over one thousand miles. On the 1st of January, 1864, the 3d arrived at LaGrange, Tenn., where it ■commenced building winter quarters. On the 19th of January the required number (59'^) reenlisted, and on the 2?th weie mustered in as Veteian Volun- teers. On the 29th the regiment left I^aGrange for Michigan, arriving at Detroit on the 7th of February. The regiment rendezvoused at Kalamazoo at the expiration of its furlough of thirty days, where it was joined by a large number of recruits. On March 16th, while the 3d was reorganizing at that place, and immedi- .ately before it left for the field, Mrs. Colonel Mizner had made and presented to the regiment a beautiful standard of the heaviest blue silk, bordered with ^old fringe, with the inscription in lettersof gold : " Third Michigan Cavalry." The flag was presented on behalf of Mrs. Mizner by Captain Tlioinus B. Weil", and received on the part of the regiment by Lieutenant Colonel Gilbert Moyers, who in his eloquent speech quoted : •' Flag of the true heart's hope and home, By loved hands to valor given, Thy stars have lit the welkin dome And all thy hues were born in heaven. Forever float that standard sheet! Where breathes the foe but falls before us? With freedom's soil beneath our feet, And freedom's banner streaming o'er us." Leaving Kalamazoo in command of Colonel Mizner, it proceeded to St. Louis, Mo. It remained there nearly two months awaiting the arrival of horses, arms, and equipments. During the greater portion of this time it was employed on provost duty in the city. Although still dismounted, the regi- ment left St. Louis on the 18th of May, and j)rocee(led to Little Kock, Aik., where it arrived on the 24th, and reported to Major General Steele. It was mounted on the 1st of August, and soon thereafter became engaged in sccnit- iug through the State. It assisted in driving the rebel General Slieiby beyond the Arkansas Kiver, in dispeising tlie bands of guerrillas that infested the country, and captured over 8UU head of cattle. During the months of November, 1864, and February, 1865, this regiment constituted the garrison of the post at Brownsville Station, on the Memphis & Little Kock Kailroad, and was also occupied in scouting along the line of that MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 63T road, making several expeditions as far south as Arkansas Post, on the Arkan- sas river, collecting large drovos of cattle, and thereby furnishing nearly all the beef required for the supply of the entire army then serving in the Depart- ment of Arkansas. At Brownsville Station the regiment erected a complete set of winter quarters and stables, so neatly and tastefully arranged as to pre- sent the appearance of an important town, which attracted so much attention as to result in a change of its name from "Brownsville Station,*' to "Michi- gan City." The very active duty of the regiment at that time was so con- ducive to the health of the men that 1,008 were daily reported present for duty, and less than three per cent were on the sick list. Early in February the regiment was selected to constitute a part of a division then being organ- ized for active and important service in early spring, and was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 7th Army Corps, and moved to Brownsville. On the 14th of March the Brigade was transferred from the Department of Arkansas to the Military Division of West Mississi|)pi, to join the troops under Major General Can by, designed to operate against Mobile, and tiie regiment proceeded by steamer to New Orleans, arriving at Carrolton, La,, March 231,^ and embarked for Mobile early in April. After the full of Mobile, it was employed on outpost duty until the surrender of the confederate forces east of the Mississippi river, when the regiment was selected as the escort of Major General Canby on the occasion of his receiving the formal surrender of tha rebel General Taylor and his army. It left Mobile May 8th, and marched across the country to Baton Rouge, La., reaching there on the 23d. When Major General Sheridan assumed the command of the Military Division of the Southwest, the regiment was selected and ordered to report to him for duty, and was immediately prepared to join the expedition to Texas, and left Baton. Rouge for Shreveport, June 10th, and commenced its march into Texas from the latter place July 10th, traversing two-thirds the breadth of that State, arriving on the 2d of August at San Antonio. At that point the regiment was stationed, performing garrison duty and em])loyed iu the necessary scouting for the protection of the frontier as far as the Rio Grande, on the Mexican border, and in furnishing escorts for supply trains. The regiment comprised a part of the 1st Brigade, Ist Cavalry Division, Military Division of the Gulf, and had its headquarters at San Antonio until February loth, 18(JG, wiien it was dismounted, mustered out of service, and proceeded, via \'ictoria, to Indianola, on foot, and thence by steamer to New Orleans and Cairo, where, in command of Col. Mizner, it took rail for Jackson, Mich., arriving there March 10th, and on the 15th was paid off and disbanded. Engagements and skirmishes while in service: New Madrid, Mo., March 13, 1802; siege of Island No. 10, Mo., March 14 to April 7, 18G2: Farming- ton, Miss., May 5, 1862; siege of Corinth, Miss., May 10 to 31, 1802; Spang- ler's Mills, Miss., July 26, 1802; Bay Springs, Mii-s., September 10, 1802; luka. Miss., September 19, 1802; Corinth, Mis.s., October 3 and 4, 1802; Hatchie, Miss., October 6, 1802; Holly Springs, Miss., November 7, 1802; Hudsonville, Miss., November 14, 1802; Lumkin's Mill, Miss., November 29, 1862; Oxford Miss., December 2, 1802; Coffueville, Miss., December 5, 1802; Brownsville, Miss., January 14, 1803 ; Clifton, Miss., February 10. 1803 ; Panolo, Miss., July 20, 1803; Grenada, Miss., August 14, 1803 ; Hyhalia, Miss., October 12, 1803; Wyatt's Ford, Miss., October 13, 1803; Kipley, Miss., November 29, 1803 ; Orizaba, Miss., November 30, 1803; Ellistown, Miss., December 3, 1863 ; Purdy, Miss., December 22, 1803; Jack's Creek, Miss., December 24, 1863. 638 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. From November 1st, 1862, to November, 1863, the regiment captured an aggregate of 1,100 prisoners, nearly fifty of whom were commissioned officers, making the number of 2,100 prisoners taken from the enemy by the 3d, since it went into the field, and had marched adistanceof 10,800 miles, exclusive of marches by separate companies and detachments. Its losses during that time were : Died in action or of wounds, 12 ; of disease, 41 ; in prisoners, 38 ; wounded in action, 33, while its loss during part of 1863-4 was: Died in action or of wounds, 11; of disease, 115; wounded in action, 17; missing in action, 13 ; taken prisoners, 11. The regiment had borne on its rolls 2,560 officers and men. Its total loss was 414, of which 1 officer and 24 men were killed in action, 2 officers and 8 men died of wounds, 4 officers and 375 men died of disease. •• Throughout all time with leaves unshed— The patriot's hope, the tyrant's dread — Hound Freedom's shrine shall grow. Thou art not dead — thou art not dead!" Note. — While this regiment was on the march from San Antonio to Indianola, Texas, on their return to the State in 1866, one night they bivouacked near a ranch. One of the ofiQcers asked the woman if she was not afraid of her hen-roost, with so many soldiers around. " Oh, no," she laughingly rephed, "I have not had any chickens since General Grant's old Illinois regiment went through here. " FOURTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. • Let the flag of our country be flung: to the sky; Our arm shall be bared for the glorious light, As freemen we'll live, or like freemen we'll dlel Our Union and Liberty! God and the rlghtl" The 4th Cavalry was authorized about July Ist, 1863, with Colonel R. H. G. Miuty, of Detroit, lieutenant colonel 3d Cavalry, as commander, and was ordered into rendezvous at Detroit on the 29th of July. It was mustered into the service of the United States on the 29th of August following, with the maximum force, being composed of companies recruited in various parts of the State. When it left the State, on the 26th of September, it had on its rolls 1,233 names of officers and men. It was fully armed, mounted, and equipped, and its destination was Louisville, Ky. FIBU) AND STAFF. Colonel, Robert H. G. Minty, Detroit. Lieutenant Colonel, , . Majora, Josiah B. Park, Ovid; William H. Dickenson, Grand Eapids; Horace Gray, Grosse Isle. Surgeon, George W. Fish, Flint. Assistant Surgeon, John H. Bacon, Lansing. Adju- tant, Joseph W, Huston, Paw Paw. Quartermaster, Walter 0. Arthur, Detroit. Com- missary, Edwin H. Porter, Kalamazoo. COMPANIES. A. Captain, Allen G. Wells, Wellsville. First Lieutenant, BIckford P. Hutchinson, Utlca. Second Lieutenant, George E. Corbin, Granville. B. Captain, Frank W. Mix, Allegan. First Lieutenant, Chauncy F. Shephard, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, Julius M. Carter, Ovid. C. Captain, Thaddeus W. Melchor, Paw Paw. First Lieutenant, Robert Burns, Lafay- ette. Second Lieutenant, George W. Lawton, Lawton. D. Captain, John N. McFarland, Plymouth. First Lieutenant, Wesley A. Green, Detroit. Second Lieutenant, Thomas J. Sheers, Nankin. E. Captain, Joseph B. Tolton, Manchester. First Lieutenant, Joshua W. Mann, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, Edward L. Tucker, Macon. F. Captain, Richard R. Robbins, Adrian. First Lieutenant, Walter B. Anderson, Adrian. Second Lieutenant, Tunis W. Henion, Adrian. G. Captain, Barber N. Sheldon, Qumcy. First Lieutenant, Daniel Duesler, Qulnoy. Second Lieutenant, Henry D. Fields, Bronson. H. Captain, Alfred Abeel, Dearborn. First Lieutenant, Frank Burr, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Arthur Wood, Grand Rapids. I. Captain, Horace D. Grant, Jackson. First Lieutenant, Henry A- Stetson, JaokBon. Second Lieutenant, William W. Van Antwerp, Jackson. K. Captain, W. H. Smith, Lapeer. First Lieutenant, L. Brlggs Eldridge, Lapeer. Second Lieutenant, Daniel West, Attica. L. Captain, Benjamin D. Pritcliard, Allegan. First Lieutenant, Isaac Lamoreaax, Manlius. Second Lieutenant, Thomas J. Parker, Allegan. M. Captain, Emory M. Plimpton, Niles. First Lieutenant, Hiram F. Beals, Dowaglac Second Lieutenant, Aaron Rowe, Niles. (639) 640 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The 4th, in command of Colonel Minty, marched from Louisville on Octo- tober 10th, 1862, and was in the advance on Stanford, Ky., where Morgan was stationed with 2,500 men, and two pieces of artillery, attacliing and driving him as far as Crabb Orchard, killing a lieutenant colonel, and taking a major and eleven men prisoners, when the regiment marched back, via SpringGeld to Muiifordsville. On November 1st it marched, 543 strong, from this point, with the cavalry division, via Bowling Green, South Union, Springfield, and Mitchellville, to Galatin, Tenn., and there reported to Major General Crittenden on November 8th, Crossing the Cumberland it met and drove Morgan's pickets; next morning marched for Lebanon, again driving in his pickets, and at a gallop entered that place, two miles in advance of the infantry, attacking and driv- ing Morgan with his force of 750 men, and his two pieces of artillery, cap- turing a large number of mules, commissary stores, and clothing; rejoining Crittenden at Silver Springs it was engaged in picketing and scouting the sur- rounding country. On the 19th it escorted the 14th brigade from Rural Hill to Stewart's Ferry, where it continued on scouting duty, and on the 28th reported to General L)» S. Stanley, chief of cavalry, and marched to Camp Rosecrans, near Nashville, where it was again engaged in scouting, having lost three men wounded, dur- ing October and November. At 7 o'clock on the morning of December 4th, 1862, Colonel Minty, with 302 officers and men, moved from camp at Nashville on a reconnoissance in the direction of Franklin. When about eijiht miles from Nashville he encountered the enemy's pickets, driving them back on both the Wilson Creek and Franklin pikes to their reserve posted at "Hollow Tree Gap," naturally an exceedingly strong position. Dislodging the enemy at this point he advanced to within one mile of Franklin where a large rebel force was stationed ; thence he returned to camp at Nashville, not having sustained any loss. On the 11th, the regiment, as part of the cavalry force, under command of General Stanley, moved towards Triune, engaging the enemy about twelve miles out on the Wilson Creek f)ike, driving him buck to within four or five miles of Triune. Learning that the enemy was in force at that point, under Generals Buckner and Hardee, General Stanley withdrew three miles and halted on a cross road towards Franklin, the hoisos remaining saddled during the night. Before daylight moved on, arriving at Franklin about 7 A. M. Found the enemy 1,300 strong, well posted under cover of houses along the banks of the river. Colonel Minty advanced with the regiment at a gallop to a shallow ford, the bridge having been destroyed, where, with the revolving rifles, he succeeded in forcing a passage across, capturing the rebel pickets and dislodging the enemy. He pursued him three miles, keeping well in advance of the mounted force, killing one captain and four men, wounding 6 and capturing the rebel colors and seventeen prisoners, two of whom were officers, and on returning to Franklin destroyed a large quantity of flour and other stores. Notwithstanding the regiment was much exposed to rebel fire it had no casualties. The 4th then returned to camp at Nashville. In the account given in the Annals of the Cumberland of the capture of Franklin, is found the following notice of the regiment: " Company I, of the 4.th Michigan cavalry, dismounting, took position near the bridge and opened fire on tlie mill; the remainder of the 4th Michigan dismounted under cover of the rising ground, on which the 7th Pennsylvania were lormed, and advanced at the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 641 double-quick, passed the position of the 7tli Pennsylvania, waded across the river, and drove the rebels from the town. Colonel Minty was the first man across the river, and as he scrambled up the south bank lie took a rebel oflicer. The 4lh Michifjan had passed through the town and were following the enemy out on the Columbia and Carter's Creek pikes on foot, before any of the mounted men had crossed the river. The enemy left one captain and four privates dead in the town, and ten severely wounded, while fifteen or twenty prisoners were captured." On the 15th, Cuptain Abeel, with a picket detail of 40 men, stationed on the Murfreesboio pilce, was approached by a flag of truce, and while in negotiation with the oflicer accompanying it, was surprised and captured, with his entire command. On the 20th it fought at Laurel Hill. On the 21st, Captain Mi.x, with 50 men moved out of camp, with orders to scout in the direction of Franklin, on both sides of Wilson's Creek pike, and obtain all information possible. About four miles out he met Col. Stanley in charge of a forage train, with two regi- ments of infantry, a section of artillery, and a detachment of 30 men of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry. The Colonel informed Captain Mix that the Ken- tuckians were skirmishing with the enemy, and directed him to join them, assume command, and act as his judgment might dictate. Dismounting his men, and fading to dislodge the enemy, strongly posted behind a stone fence, the Captain remounted his force and cluirged, causing a precipitate retreat of the enemy, after firing two heavy volleys, wounding Sergeant Mclntire of Company B, while the rebels lost 7 killed and 10 captured. Captain Mix received a complimentary note from General Stanley, who characterized the affair as a gallant charge. There was a general advance of the Army of the Cumberland from Nash- ville, on the 26th, in the approach to Lavergne. The regiment in command of Lieutenant Colonel Dickinson, as a part of Minty's brigade, met the enemy about ten miles out, on tlie Murfreesboro pike. After sharp skirmishing, the rebels fell back, being steadily reinforced until arriving at Lavergne, where they made a stand with 2,500 cavalry and mounted infantry, with four pieces of artillery, under General Wheeler. Here the fighting continued until dark, when the regiment bivouacked, having lost one wounded. On the morning of the 27th, the enemy having fallen back, Minty's brigade moved forwaid with the exception of one battalion of the 4th Michigan, under command of Captain Mix, who was sent to the left in advance of the brigade to report to General Hazcn, on the Jefft-rson pike. General Hazen directed Captain Mix to gain possession (if possible) of a bridge about two miles in front of him, and pievent its destruction. He pushed forward, and was immediately confronted by a force of rebel cavahy. He chaiged, and in less than fifteen minutes after having received the order he had possession of the bridge, having driven an entire regiment of rebel cavalry over it. He was in turn attacked by the whole of Bulord's brigade, but held his position for an hour and a half, when General Hazen came up with his infantry and Buford fell back. Captain Mix had two men wounded and three taken prisonsrs. Colonel Mmty says, m a report covering the operations of his brigade from the l(5th to the oOtii inclusive: "I marched from Camp Ko.sccrnns, near Nashville, on the moraing of Deicmbcr IGth, with the 3d Kentucky, ith Michigan, 7th Pennbylvunia. and one company of the '2d Indi- ana, and reported to General Tiihner on the Murfreesboro road. In accordunce with orders received from him througli the colonel commanding the division, I placed the 3d Kentucky on the left, and the 7th Pennsylvania on the right of the road, kocpuig the Ith ilichigaii on the pike, with a strong advance guard thrown out. 81 643 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. " Ten miles from Nashville I met the enemy's pickets, who, as they fell back before us, wei'e continually reinforced, until arriving at Lavergue they diniuLed our progress willi a force of 2,500 cavalry and mounted infantry, with four pieces ui' artillery, under General AV heeler. After some sharp skirmishing, in which we suffered some loss, and did the enemy considerable damage, I, under cover of a slight eminence, in Mhiuh Lieutenant Newell, of Battery D, 1st Ohio, had his section planted, placed two companies of the 4tii Michigan, dismounted and in ambush, behind a fence, to support the artillery. I must here mention that Lieutenant Newell did splendid service with his t\s u 3-inch Piodmans. Every shot was well planted, and he nobly fought the four guns of the enemy for over half an hour, when a battery from General Palmer's division came up to his abbibtance. One of the gunners was killed by a shell from the enemy while serving his gun. " Saturdaj', December 27lh. The 7th Pennsylvania, under Major Wynkoop, made a reconnoissance in front of General Palmer's division, which occupied a position on tlie left of the line. One battalion of the 4th Michigan, under Captain Mix, was sent out on the Jefferson pike, and did not rejoin the brigade until the following day. I beg to refer you to the report of Captain Mix for particulars. The aimy advanced at about 1 o'clock A.M., the 3d Kentucky and one company of 2d Indiana, under my immediate direction, covering the right flank, camped near Steward's Creek this niij,ht. " Sunday, December 28th. I sent one battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania, under Cap- tain Jennings, to relieve the battalion, 4th Michigan, on the Jefferson pike. "Monday, December 29th. The army again advanced, the 7th Pennsylvania, under Major Wynkoop, on ihe left flank; 3d Kentucky, under Colonel Mussy, on the right Hank; 4th Michigan, under Lieutenant Colonel Dickenson, in reserve; 2d Indiana on courier •duty. Light skirmishing with the enemy all day. Found the enemy in position in front •of Murfreesboro at about 3 o'clock P. M. Bivouacked immediately in rear of our line of battle. "Tuesday, December 30th. One battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania and one battalion of the 3d Kentucky formed a chain of videttes in rear of the line of battle, with ordei-s to drive up all stragglers. Under orders from the colonel commanding the division, I took the 4th Michigan and one battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania back on the Nashville pike to operate against Wheeler's cavalry, who a few hours before had captured the train of the 28th brigade on the Jefferson pike, between Stewart's Creek and Laveigiie. I met the «nemy, who were chiefly in our uniforms. The 7th Pennsylvania drove them until after dark. I joined Colonel Walker's brigade and camped with them near Lavergne for the night," Ou the afteruoon of the 31st, the regiment having moved rapid!}' across the country from Lavergne, whither it iiad been sent the night before to operate against General Wheeler, rejoined the brigade, which took up a position ou the right flank of General McCook, at Stone river, and uearly parallel to, and about three-fourths of a mile from, the Nashville and Murfreesboro pike. Here the regiment, in command of Captain Mix, formed a line of dismounted skirmishers, close to the edge of a wood, out of which had been driven a large force of the enemy's cavalry. Colonel Minty, with his brigade, was here driven back by an overwhelming force of dismounted cavalry, with four pieces •of artillery, just at sundown. The enemy remounted, and, advancing from tlie wood, formed in four lines. After failing back under cover of a small knoll, the colonel reformed his brigade, and General Stanley ordered a charge, liimself leading two companies of tlie 4th Michigan and 5U of the 15th Penn- sylvania, rouiing the enemy and caj)turing a stand of colors. At the same time •Colonel Minty charged the first line in his front with the balance of the 4tli Michigan and 1st Tennessee, driving it back, and again reforming daslied at the second line of the enemy, which again broke and run, retreating from the field. Colonel Minty in his report says: "Under orders from General Hosccrans, I reported to Brigadier General Stanley, chief of cavalry, who came u]) the same morning witli the 1st Mai viand, l&t Tennessee, and a part of the 15th Pennsylvania, and in acccordance with iiib orders we moved rapidly across the country toward the right Hank of General McCook's position, leaving Lieu- tenant Colonel Dickinson with 120 men to protect Lieutenant Newell's section of artillery MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 643 «t the cross-roads noithvest from Stowanl's Crook. The enomy's cavalry foil back rapidly before us for soiuo milos. Whon close to Overall's crook, our own artillery in position to our left opo.K^d on us with sholl, and wounded severely one man of the 15th Pennsylvania. Crossing Ovorall's crook, took up poi^ition parallel to, and about three- quarters of a mile from, the Murfreesboro and Nashville pike, the 4th Michij,'an, under command of Captain Mix, forming a line of dismounted skirmishprs olo.ce to tlie edire of the vvoutlp. out uf which they had driven a large force of the enemy's cavah-y. They were bUpported by a part of the 1st Middin Tonnosspo Cavahy, also di'^iiiounicd; rajitain Jennings's battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania, and two companies of the 3d Kentucky, under Captain Davis, were posted in the woods in rear and to the right of the 4th Michi- gan, with the 15th Pennsylvania (Anderson troop) in their rear-. My eutuo loico at this time numbered 950 men. " The enemy advanced rapidly with 2,500 cavalry, mounted and dismoimtod, with three pieces of artillery, all under the command of Geiiorals Wheeler, Wharlon, and LJuford. They drove back the 4th Michigan to the line of the Ist Tennessee skirmishert., and then attacked the 7th Pennsylvania with great fury, but met with a detenuinod resistance. I went forward to the line of dismounted skirmishers, and endeavored to move them to the right to strengthen the 7th Pennsylvania, but the moment the right of the line showed Itself from behind the fence where they were posted, the whole of the enemy's fire was directed on it, throwing it completely round. At this moment the 15th Pennsylvania gave way, leaving the battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania and the dismovmted men entirely unsupported, and leaving them no alternative but retreat. I fell back a couple of fields and reformed in rear of a rising ground, which protected us from the enemy's artillery. " The rebel cavalry followed us up sharply into the open ground, and now menaced us with three strong lines, two directly in front of our position, and one opposite our left flank, with its right thrown well forward, and a strong body of skirmishers in the woods -on our righf, threatening that flank. " General Stanley ordered a charge, and he himself led two companies of the 4th Mich- igan (H and K), with about 50 men of the 15th Pennsylvania, against the line in front of our left. He routed the enemy and captured one stand of colors, which was brought in by a sergeant of the 15th Pennsylvania. Captain Jennings of the 7th Pennsylvania, with his battalion, supported this movement. At the same time I charged the first line in our front with the 4th Michigan and 1st Tennessee, and drove them from the field. The sec- ond line was formed on the far side of a lane, with a partially destroyed fence on each side, and still stood their ground. I reformed my men and agam charged, the enemy ^ain broke and were driven from the field in the wildest confusion. "I held the ground that night with the 1st Tennessee. 15th Pennsylvania, and 4th Michigan — picketing the whole way of my first position. "A sergeant of the 1st Pennsylvania, who was taken prisoner by the enemy when we were driven back, states that before we charged we had killed twenty-seven, including many ofQcers. " During the engagement the regiment lost 5 wounded, 3 prisoners, and 2 missing, and in the operations connected with Stone river lost i'Z horses killed, 3 wounded, and 8 captured; while the loss of the enemy appears to have been very great in prisoners, as Minty's brigade alone ca])iured and turned over 192. The 4th Michigan was also engaged skirmishing with the enemy on the Ist, 2d, 3d, and 4th of January following, with a loss of 2 killed and 13 prisoners. Colonel Minty furtlier says: " On January 5th, 18G3, I marched through Murfreesboro and took the Manchester pike. One mile out I met the enemy's pickets and reported the lact to Geiu-jal Stanley, who ordered an advance and took the lead with the 4th Cavalry. After ciossing a small creek about two miles from Murfreesboro, the bridge over which had been destroyed, the rebels conmienced shelling us. "I sent the 3d Kentucky well to the right and front, and the 7th Pennsylvania to the left, keeping the 4th Michigan, 1st and 2d Tennessee in reserve. After some little delay we again advanced, the 4th Michigan b»'ing next to and on the right of the ruad, with one ■company advanced as skirmishers, the 3d Kentucky on the right of the 4th Micliigan. the 1st Tennessee on the right of the 3d Kentucky, and the 2d Tennessee in reserve. In this formation we moved through a cedar thicket with a dense undergiowih rendering it almost impossible to force our way through. We had occasional heavy skirmishing with the enemy, who continued to shell us as we advanced. About si.\ miles out we met the •enemy in force; a sharp skirmish entued, the 4th Cavalry, 1st Tennessee Inlantry and the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry having to bear the brunt of the hght on our side. The enemy 644 • MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. ■were driven from the field with heavy loss, and we returned to within a mile and a half of Murfreesboro and went into camp. "Captain Mix with about fifty men not only drove two hundred of the enemy for over 'two miles, but held his position against a regiment of rebel cavalry. "Lieutenant Eldridge, with eighteen men, dismounted, attacked the enemy, routed them, and recaptured a wagon full of ammunition. "In reporting such ofQcers and men who deserve special mention, I must confine myself to those v/ho came imdor my perponfil ol'scrvation. "First Sergeant Jacob Bedteiyuu, of Cumpauy K, 4th JNIichigan cavalry, rode by my side during both charges against the enemy, in the engagement of Wednesday evening, December 31st, and displayed great gallantry and coolness. I have recommended him to His Excellency, the Governor of Michigan, for promotion. " Bugler Ben Defeulwick, 2d Indiana cavalrry, and Quartermaster Sergeant Edward T. Owen, 4th Michigan cavalry; when we were driven back in the early part of the evening of the 31st, I was on foot and in rear of the dismounted skirmishers, who were running for their horses, when these two gallant soldiers galloped to the front, bringing up my horse. " * * * Captain Frank W. Mix, 4th Michigan cavalry, had his horse shot under him during the first chiirge; he piesbed forward on foot, caught a stray horse, and led his company in the setjund charge. Many others undoubtedly did as well as those I have mentioned, but the above are the cases that came under my immediate notice." The regiment, witli its brigade, moved out from Murfreesboro on the evening of the 9tb. in the direction of Nashville, scouting the country between these points. The command halted a couple of days near Nashville, tl\pnce it pro- ceeded towards Harpeth river, then scouting the country down the Harpeth to the Cumberland, some twenty miles below Nashville in pursuit of the rebel cavalry who were becoming a source of much annoyance to the transports on the river, driving Wheeler's, Forrest's and Wharton's cavalry beyond Harpeth river, and capturing 18 prisoners. While on the expedition the regiment marched 250 miles in storms of rain and snow, part of the time without rations, a necessity growing out of the destitution of the country, lieturning to Murfreesboro on the 19th went into camp. During the remainder of the month the regiment was engaged as scouts, driving tiie enemy from Biadyville, Woodbury, and Eover. On February 1st, 1863, acting under orders from General Jeff. C. Davis, witli whom the cavalry command formed a junction at Eaglesville, Minty's brigade moved towards Franklin, reaching that point about noon on tiie 2 J. After scouting the country m the vicinity of Thompson's Station, the regi- ment, in command of Captain Tolton, with the balance of the cavalry force, marched on the 3d in pursuit of the rebel Generals Wheeler and Forrest, who had recently made an unsuccessful attack on Fort Donelson. Passing up in the direction of that point the command captured Colonel Carroll and Major Rombout, of Forrest's staff, and two lieutenants and 23 men of Forrest's escort, a courier with dispatches to General Whaiton, together with wagons, teams, and supplies. On learning that Wheeler and Forrest had escaped, and arrived witliin their own lines, the command marched via Franklin to Eagles- ville, reaching there on the 12th, having had a skirmish at Charlotte on the 6th. On the loth moved in the direction of Rover, where a slight skirmish took place, when the command returned to Murfreesboro and encamped. During this scout, which was one of great exposure and privation, cold, and rainy, the command being destitute even of shelter tents, yet the 4th had marched about 280 miles, capturing 145 prisoners, including two colonels and 14 other commissioned oihcers. On the 19th the regiment, with the brigade, marched out on the Liberty pike, and on the morning of the 20th met Morgan's cavalry, charged them, MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. ^5| aud drove tlieni six miles and two miles boyoiid Liberty, returniug on tho 2l8t to cuuip at Murfreesboru. From Colonel Miiity's reports: "During this month, a picket consisting; of a lieutenant and forty-one men of tlie 4th Michii-an, was post«>(l about throe miles from Murfroesboio on tbo Mnnclicster pike; it was attacked by the rebel cavalry, and without making much of a light the lieutenant was fallinir back. Corporal Ketchum, of Company A, called out: 'By G— , the colonel won't like this; come, boys, don't let us disgrace ourselves,' aud wheeling lound, galloped back towards the rebels. He was followed by four men, who kept up such a firo from their revolving rifles that the enemy was driven back with a loss of six killed and many wounded. " On their return to camp the lieutenant was requested to send in his resignation, and Corporal Ketchum was promoted to scigeant. " Lieutenant Kesford and forty men from the 4th Michigan Cavalry', were on picket on the Manchester pike, in front of Murfroethoro. They weie attacked by the rebel cavalry, and after a sharp light were forced to fall back, llexfoid reported his position, and the 1st Middle Teunes&ee, Lieutenant Colonel Galbraith commanding, was bent to his assistance, and the rebels were driven back to beyond Pa'xford's original position. The ri-bStfly pressed by the 4th United States cavalry, to whose support I sent a portion of the 7th Pennsyl- vania. At Thompson's Station, the rebels (28th Miss, or 3d Miss, cavalry), were rein- forced by Steam's regiment (3d Tenn.), but after a sharp skirmish the whole brigade was driven from the field by two companies of the 4th U. S. cavalry and about fifty men of the 7th Pennsylvania, with a loss of five killed and thirteen taken prisoners. I regret to say that three gallant fellows of the 4th U. S. cavalry were killed and one wounded. " I sent a courier to General Smith, who was about three miles from the station towards Frankhn, and awaited his arrival. Camped at Spring Hill that night. "10th. About 9 A. M. advanced towards Columbia; found General Smith's command; halted about a mile from Rutherford's Creek, the bridge over which had been destroyed. Was ordered by General Sheridan to try if the ford a mile and a half above was practicable. I found the water very deep and rapid. While making the examination we were fired on by about 100 rebels who lay behind a stone wall, close to the opposite side of the- creek. The 4th Indiana, who were in advance, lost two men killed and three severely wounded. Camped at Moore's Ford, one mile higher up the creek. " 11th. General Forrest, with about five hundred men, advanced to the opposite side of the ford, when a sharp fire was opened on them by the 4th Michigan cavaliy, causing them some loss. Having about this time received orders to cross the creek, if I found the ford practicable. Lieutenant Newell opened on them with his guns and soon drove them to the woods. I then ci'ossed the creek, the 4th Michigan taking the advance. A& I formed on the opposite .side of the creek, the enemy appeared in line in the distance, and dismounting, advanced on foot with their battle-flag flying. I sent a regiment (4th Michigan), to the right, and requested General Smith— who was now crossing his force — to send a regiment to the left for the purpose of getting in the enemy's rear. Per.;eiving our object they rapidly mounted and fell back. We pursued them about five miles in the direction of the Lewisburg pike, then marched for the Columbia pike. General Smith's force following. When a mile and a half from Columbia I halted, it being now quite dark, and sent the 3d Ohio, under Colonel Long, to feel for the enemy's pickets towards Colum- bia. Colonel Long arrived at Duck river Avitliout meeting them, and there found that all of Van Dom's force had crossed during the day on a pontoon bridge and by the ferry boat. Returned to our camp of the previous night. "12th. Returned to Franklin. "13th. Camped two miles west of Triune. " 14th. Returned to Murfreesboro, arriving in camp at 3:30 P. M." The regiment, in command of Major Mix, on the 20th, mnveri ont on the Woodbury pilve, in the direction of McMinnville, Lieutenant Colonel Park in command of the brigade, Colonel Minty commanding the cavalry force. Early in the morning of the 21st proceeding by a circuitous road to tlie right, via Jackson, the 7th Pennsylvania met the enemy's pickets and drove them through McMinnville. Colonel Park, with the 4th Michigan and 1st Middle Tennessee, moved down the railroad about two miles to a bridge. The 4th Michigan burnt the bridge, a quantity of camp and garrison equipage, and destroyed a large amount of quartermaster's stores and bacon ; thence Colonel Park proceeded to Morrison, a point on the railroad where Colonel Long had earlier in the day burnt the depot and a train of cars. Colonel Park finding this accomplished, returned to the bridge and bivouacked, hav- ing captured two captains (commissaries) and some ten or twelve other prison- ers. The cavalry command wounded and captured the notorious Dick McCanu (and over 100 prisoners) but he effected his escape the same night from a guard of the 4th regulars. In the charge made by the advance guard on the enemy's pickets, Corporal Shut, 7th Pennsylvania, mortally wounded Lieutenant Colonel Martin, of Johnson's Kentucky Cavalry, by a sabre cut in the head, while in a hand to band combat. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 647 On the 23d. the command, moving in the direction of Liberty, passed through that place and Alexandria, thence through Smithville, and after scouring the country in the vicinity of Lebanon, on the i^Oth reached camp at Murfreesboro, having marched 328 miles, and taken 130 prisoners at Mc- Minnville. In Ai)ril, 18G3, the regiment, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Park, was engaged in several expeditions out of Murfreesboro. On the second one, in command of Major General Stanley, marched from that point, Minty's bri- gade in advance, with the 10th Ohio Cavalry leading. The rebel pickets were met at Auburn, and driven to Prosperity Church, where the advance was checked, and where the enemy was foi^d in force, showing a bold front in a piece of woods. Colonel Minty says in his report: "I directed Colonel Smith, 10th Ohio, to dislodge them. Four companies moved up to the attaclv, but were driven back, aud the entire regiment came back in a very undismified maimer, without having had a single man hurt, and were forthwiih dubbed the Bloody loth. The 4th Michigan stood next in column, Company D. Captain Hathaway com- manding, in advance. I directed the captain to take one platoon forward and find out what was in the wood. The platoon conr-isted of fifteen men, wlio pubhed lurward, dis- lodged the enemy, and held the position, losing one man taken prisoner. " General iiianley, having. now come up, ordered the artillery to the front, and threw a few shells, which effectually drove them off. "On the 3d, advanced on Liberty, the 1st brigade again taking the advance; drove a small force from Prosperity Church to Liberty, where the enemy was found in position on the opposite side of the river, and the hill back of Liberty covered with sharp- shooters. '"The 2d brigade having been sent across the river higher up, effectunllv turned the enemy's flank, and caused them to retreat rapidly towards Snow Hill. We followed closely. "When about half a mile from the base of the hill, they took up a position and attempted to make a stand, opening on us with four pieces of artillery. "The 7th Pennsylvania advanced directly up the road, the 4th Micliigan over the fields to the right, the artillery, 10th Ohio, and 1st Middle Tennessee slowly following the 7th Pennsylvania. I dismounted the 4th Michigan Cavalry and placed them on the hillside, close to the rebel position, where they opened fire, killing five. The 7th Pennsylvania at the same time charged up the road, when the enemy tired a volley aud retreated un a run." The enemy falling back on his position at Snow Hill, the Union infantry were ordered up, and the cavalry assuming a flanking position he fell back, when Minty's brigade, a little before dark, marched to Liberty and encamped. The command moved towards Alexandria on the 4th, and un the oth the 4th Michigan and 7th Pennsylvania crossed the country in the direction of Statesville, joining the brigade near Beard's Mills, and proceeded within a short distance of Lebanon, capturing seven of ^lorgan's men, then encamped at Beard's M.Us, and next day returned to Murfree.'=boro. On the 9th the regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Park, moved with the brigade through Triune, and in the diiection of Franklin, ai'riving at a ford on the Harpeth on the 10th. Finding the cavalry already engaged with the enemy on the south ?ide, the regiment moved down the river about two miles, and formed line of battle in rear of the artillery, which soon opened on the enemy j.ostcd on the opjiusite side. The regiment was then detached and ordered to proceed to the ford, cross, and reinforce the 4th U. S. Cavalry, but meeting tliat regiment returning, was dismounted and directed to guard the ford, and at dark fell bai^k and bivouacked. On the 12ih, while the regiment wa.s in the vicinity of Lavergne, Colonel Minty, who had been too ill to start out with his brigade, but who was after- 648 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. wards telegraphed for by General Stanley, came up and took command. On his approach, the 4th Michigan was formed in line by Lieutenant Colonel Park, and as an everlasting testimonial of their confidence in the hero of so many cavalry fights, as well as their appreciation of the brave soldier, the gallant gentleman, and the true friend, the men drew their sabres, and waving them over their heads, rose in their stirrups and gave three cheers for *' Our Colonel:' On the 14th the regiment returned to Murfreesboro, having scouted the country in the vicinity of the railroad between that point and Lavergne. At 8 o'clock on the evening of May 22d, 1803, the regiment in command of Colonel Park, with its brigade, marched out of Murfreesboro on the yaline pike. When about two miles out, tooK a side road in the direction of Middle- ton. When within three miles of that place, a halt was ordered to allow the column to close up. Just at daylight the regiment, following two companies of the 4th U. S. Cavalry, acting as an advance guard (the balance of the 4th U. S. Cavalry with the 7th Tennessee Cavalry having been ordered to the left at this point), charged at a furious gallop into and through Middleton, and to a distance of a mile beyond into the camp of the 1st Alabama Cavalry, com- manded by Colonel W. W. Allen. The two companies of the 4th U. S. Cavalry dashed into the camp, taking some prisoners, with whom they fell back to the rear. Colonel Park advanced his regiment some two hundred yards beyond the rebel camp, and discovering the enemy drawn up in line of battle on the opposite side of an open field, und on the edge of a piece of woods which bordered on it, at once dismounted the 4th Michigan and advanced to the edge of the woods on the side of the field nearest him, and 0})ened a brisk fire on the enemy posted opposite, which was sharply replied to. The enemy, however, broke and ran after a few moments' firing, but with a loss of at least five killed and several wounded. Moving to the left towards the border of another large open field, and seeing nothing more of the enemy. Colonel Park returned to the rebel camp. Here he destroyed a large quantity of ordnance stores, and camp and garrison equip- age, between 5^50 and 300 rifles and muskets, a large number of saddles, and quite a sui)ply of clothing. After completing the destruction of all property which could be of any service to the enemy, he joined the column and marched for Murfreesboro. The enemy followed up closely, maintaining a harassing fire. The regiment was thrown out as a support to the rear guard, and after a short skirmish compelled the enemy to retire. The command arrived at Murfreesboro on the 23d at noon. In this expedition Lieutenant Edward L. Tucker was slightly wounded in the leg, and one enlisted man severely in the breast. Private Racine of Com- pany A (a boy of about 18) was well up in the advance, and after striking the camp bcciime separated from his company, and was shot through the right lung by a rebel soldier, wiio rushed at ihe wounded boy, calling out: "Sur- render, you damned Yankee!" Instead of obeying his summons, Eacine raised his carbine and shot the rebel dead. Shortly after, while Dr. Fish was dressing his wound, Racine gasped out: "Just think, Doctor, that fellow had the impudence to tell me to surrender!'* The standard of the 1st Alabama, referred to, was captured by Sergeant Major Clark and Privates Wilcox and Parker, 4th Michigan, and was after- wards presented to the people of Michigan through the colonel of the regi- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 64d ment, in accordance with the following letter and resolutions, and is now on deposit with other trophies of the war, in the State Capitol at Lansing : Headquaeteks 1st Brtoade, '2d Cavalky Division, > Camp near Alurfreeaboro, Tenn., '20th May, ISO'S. f Brigadier General Robertson, Adjutant General, Michigan: SiK. — lu the name of the 4th Michigan cavalry I have much pleasure in piesfntiner to the people of Michigan, throuiih his Excellency, the Governor, the enclosed resolutions adopted at a meeting of the oflicers held at the headquarters of the regiment on the •23d instant. tt)gether with the standard of the 1st Alabama rebel cavalry, wliich was captured by us at Middletou, Tenn., on the 22d May, 18G3. I am respectfully your obedient servant, R. H. G. MINTY, • Colonel 4th Michigan Varatry. Headquarters 4th Michigan Cavalry, \ Camp Park, AJay 23d, 1S68. \ At a meeting of the officers of the 4th regiment Michigan cavalry, held at their headquarters, of which Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Park was chairman, and Lifcuteuant George K. Stone secretary, the following proceedings were held: Moved by Captain B. D. Pritchard that the flag recently captured by the 4th Michigan cavaliy at Middlcton, Tenn., from the 1st Alabama regiment of rebel cavalry, be pre- sented to the people of the State of Michigan; which motion Avas unanimously adopted. On motion of Captain B. B. Bobbins that a committee of three be appointed for the purpose of drafting suitable resolutions to accompany the presentation, the chair appointed the following as such committee: Captain R. B. Robbins, Major Frank W. Mix, Captain B. D. Prichard. The following resolutions were subsequently submitted by the committee and unanimously adopted : Whekeas, the 4th regiment Michigan cavalry, in its recent successful raid into Middle- ton, Tenn., captured the regimental flag from the 1st regiment Alabama cavalry, and duly appreciating the kindness of the people of the State of Michigan towards this regiment, and the deep interest manifested by them in the welfare of the army and the noble cause in which it is engaged; therefore be it Resolved, That the flag thus captured be presented by the officers and men of this reg- iment to the people of the State of Michigan as additional evidence of our attachment to the beautilul State we so proudly call our own and their devotion to the cause of our corAnon country, and we respectfuUy request that said fl.ag be placed among the State archives as a moniento of the services rendered by the 4th Michigan cavalry in the sup- pression of this wicked rebellion; Resolved, That while we deprecate the existence of the unnatural strife now going on between the different States in this Union we will not cr>' "hold, enough!" untU every rebel flag is either in safe keeping or trampled in the dust; that we know no friends except the friends of the old flag; no enemies except lis enemies; Resolved, That to Colonel Robert H. G. Minty be assigned the duty, as representative of this regiment, of presenting said flag. J. B. PARK, George R. Stone, Lieuienant Colonel, Chairman. Acting Adjutant, Secretary. On June 3d, 1863 a picket from the Manchester pike reported to Colonel Minty at his headquarters in Murfreesboro that the picket line on that road had been attacked and driven in, and that the rebels were crossing in consid- erable force toward the Wartrace road, with the evident intention of cutting off the pickets stationed there. Tlie 7th Pennsylvania, 4th Michigan (in command of Colonel Park), and 3d Indiana cavaliy, were at once saddled up, and in a few minutes Major Mix, 82 650 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. with a hundred of the 4th Michigan moved out to the support of the picket ou the Wartrace road. Colonel Minty received orders to take three regiments on the Bradyville road to the front, occupied by the picket. Not finding the enemy, he was ordered to take the regiments out on the Manchester pike, but on representing to the general commanding that Major Mix was engaged on the Wartrace road with a superior force, was allowed to take it. On arriving at the infantry picket on that road, a courier from Major Mix reported that the rebels had opened on him with three pieces of artillery, but that he had driven them across Stone river, where they were strongly posted on a hill. The skirmishers of the 4th Michigan were pushed forward and a. piece of artillery brought into position, when, after filing a few shells, the enemy dispersed. Colonel Park then moved to the front with the 4th Miclii- gan, burning some buildings and a mill, when the command returned to camp at Murf reesboro. It appeared from accounts given by the negroes that a brigade of rebel cav- alry and mounted infantry, with seven pieces of artillery, were in position in rear of the houses when the artillery opened on thein. On June 10th, at 3 A. M., Colonel Minty received orders to proceed with his brigade to Salem, and from thence to scout the country toward Middleton and Eiiglesville. At Versailles his advance met the enemy and drove hitn a few miles, while a part of the force encountered and drove his pickets at Mid- dleton, and on ascertaining that there was no other force moving in that direction the command again returned to Murfrecsboro. Minty received orders from General Stanley to march with his brigade at 5> P. M. on the loth, taking the Lebanon pike; arrived at Stone river at 4 A. M. At Lebanon he learned from negroes that the rebels, about 600 strong, under Colonel Duke, of Morgan's command, had left Lebanon at 5 P. M. by the Sparta (or Alexandria) road. Minty immediately followed to Spring creek, and while dismounted to feed and water the rebels attacked his pickets, driving them in, and following with about 300 men, mounted and. dismounted. He sent the 7th Pennsylvania to the right, and Major Mix, with the 4th Michigan, to the left (and to proceed ahead of the column), tlie 4th Kegulars on the pike, the 5th Iowa on the reserve, and a battalion 3d I^^^li- ana guarding the ambulances. The rebels retired slowly, fighting pci- sisteutly, until near "Shop Spring," when the 4Lh Regulars charged and drove tliem from the fences and houses, behind which they had been fighting, and continued driving them. Information being received that Morgan was at Alexandria with 4,000 men and from six to twelve pieces of artillery, the com- mand proceeded on the Alexandria road towards that point, firing being kept up by the pickets at intervals. A courier coming in from the picket m front reported that tlie enemy was advancing in force, and almost immediately lie opened fire with his artillery. The 4th Michigan being ordered to the front, the rebels fell byck, but the flanking parties on the right and left reported that a heavy column was moving down on each flank. Minty doubled hi& pickets and remained in position until 9 o'clock, when he fell back towards Beard's Mills, and next morning resumed the march to Murfrecsboro, having lost 1 killed 111 action and 1 by accident. Minty says in a report : " With a couple of pieces of artillery — which he had not — he would have given battle to Morgan at Alexandria, but without them he felt that he would have been fightmg at too great a disadvantage and use- MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 651 lessly sacrificing the lives of his meu; he therefore considered it his duty to retire." It was subsequently ascertained that Morgan's force was 6,000 men, with 18 pieces of artillery. This scout is said, in the reports, to have been one of the most fatiguing ever accomplished by the regiment, having been two days and nights in the saddle, without rest, while the horses were often without forage or feed of any description. There was a general forward movement of the army on the 24th of June, and the regiment as part of Minty's Brigade, in the 2d Cavalry Division, moved out about 8 A. M., in command of Major Mix, on the Woodbury pike as far as Bradyviile ; thence the brigade returned through Murfieesboro, and marched out on the Salem pike as far the old Shelbyville dirt-road, and then down that road to within a mile of Shelbyville, and bivouacked. At 2 P. M. on the 25th, the pickets being reported as driven in on the Shel- byville pike, Major Mix, having reported to Coluuel Patrick, oth Iowa, moved in advance with the 4th Michigan, and engaged the rebel pickets two miles out. Advancing in line on each side of the pike, through a dense cedar thicket, over ditches and rocks, almost impassable for horses, driving the enemy to Guy's Gap, where he was found to be strongly posted, and contest- ing every foot of ground. After heavy skirmishing for over an hour, driving most of his force through the Gap and capturing some prisoners, returned to the command. On the morning of June 27th, the regiment with its brigade moved on the pike in the direction of Shelbyville, and after passing Guy's Gap the command rode at a furious rate, until arriving within a mile of the enemy's works, and four miles from Shelbyville, when the enemy opened with his artillery. Minty's Brigade being about seven miles in advance of the firt^t division, Major Mix with the 4th Michigan was directed to move to the right and find a road that would lead inside the fortifications, then to move towards the pike and cut off his artillery. After proceeding two miles, skirmishing sharply with the enemy, the Major struck a road leading across a creek to their works. Crossing the creek, capturing two of their pickets, he pushed ra[)idly up ait ascent and soon obtained a foothold inside, and was engaged with the enemy at least half an hour before any other force arrived. Deploying his regiment in line, he moved obliquely towards the pike. As soon as firing commenced on this flank, the enemy witlidrew his artillery and moved into tiie town. Fir- ing was now heavy along the whole line of the regiment, and especially on the right, the enemy in the woods taking advantage of the exposed position of the right in passing through some open fields, lie would often take up a position under cover, and wlien charged, would fire his volley and secure a new atlvan- tage ground. By several successful assaults on the enemy, the left of the regi- ment reached the Shelbyville pike just before the head of the column of the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, cluirging down the pike, reached this point. Here part of the regiment, consisting of the 1st and 2d Battalions, in command of Captains Grant and Pritchard,. became mixed up with the other regiments, and all went charging into Shelbyville at a gallop, throwing the eminy into great confusion, driving them into Duck river, drowning a large numln'r. kill- ing and wounding many more, capturing three pieces of artillery and about 2U0 prisoners. Wliile leading in this charge Captain Ivobbins had his liorso shot under him, but instantly seizing another was soon again in the iliickestof the fight. 653 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. Another portion of the 4th Michigan, with some of the 7th Pennsylvania, cut oil tlie rebel column as a portion of it turned to the left to pass down tlie Fairtield pike, causing it to break to the right and cutting it in two, bre;iking to tJie left and into a large yard enclosed on three sides with a high fence, out of which they found no escape, and were easily captured. Here were literally corraled 250, many of whom were commissioned officers. The prisoners, numbering in all 599, with three pieces of artillery, were sent to the rear in charge of the 4th Michigan. The Union force engaged in this battle consisted of the 1st cavalry brigade (Minty's), 1,500 strong, without artillery, while the enemy had over 4,000 under Generals Wheeler aud Martin, with three pieces of artillery. The regi- ment on being relieved from duty with the prisoners, at 3 A. M. on the ;ii&th, joined the brigade at Shelby ville. The casualties of the regiment in this engagemeut were Lieutenant Chas. T. Hudson, acting adjutant, and 6 men wounded and 9 taken prisoners. The regiment also lost 5 horses killed and 6 wounded. Minty says in his report: " At Shelbyville I found myself with a foroe of 1,500 men in front of formidable breastworks, with au abatis of over oue-fourtli of a mile iu width iu front of tlicm, belaud which Generals Wheeler and Martin had an opposing force of 4,000 men, and three pi(>ces of artiUery. I detached the 4th Miehiaran, in command of Major Mix, well to the ri*!:ht, with orders to force their way through the abatis and assault the works, and if successful to turn to the right aud sweep up the iutreuchmeuts, promising that so soon as I iieard their rifles speaking 1 would make the direct assault on the Murfreesboro aud Shelby\'ille pike. They did tiieir work so well that as I entered the works on the main road they joined me from the right, having carried the works and tjiken prisoners from six dif- ferent regiments. The fruits of that day's work weie the whole of the enemy's artillery and 59'J prisoners, while over 200 dead bodies were afterwards taken out of Duck Creek, into which I had driven Wheeler and his entire command" Minty further says in a communication to the commanding general under date of the 29th July: ^ "Eef erring to my report of 8th July I hand you the following list of officers and men deserving of Bpecial mention for gallant conduct at Shelbyville on the 27th of June last. " " Captain Burns, 4th Michigan cavalry, A. A. A. G., who is always at his post of duty, had his horse shot under him while amongst the foremost in the charge on the battery. " " Fu'st Lieutenant Hudson, acting adjutant 4th Michigan cavalry, acted witli great gal- lantry throughout the entire action. He was severely wounded by a musket ball through the shoulder. " " Regimental commanders make honorable mention of the following: "Fourth Michigan cavalry, — Captains Pritchard, Hathaway, Robbins, and Grant, Cor- poral Hoffmaster, L company (most gallant conduct), and privates Mason and Brown, I company. " it DC >ti ■ ^ * » « sic * If * * " All the regimental commanders are deserving of special mention." ******* ***** "Major Mix, 4th Michigan cavalry, for his promptness and the manner in which he handled his command. " The following from the reports of the regiment: "On the 30th June the regiment was favored witli a visit from His Excellency, the Governor and Brigadier Geueiai Robertson, Adjutant General Michigan. Governor Blair addressed the officers and men in a stir'-ing and most eloquent speech, melting them to new deeds of valor and patriotism " While llosecrans was advancing on Tullahoma and Chattanooga, Governor Blair aud some of his staff, with several invited (guests) citizens of Michigaa MICHIGAN IK THE WAE. 663 were making a tour of visitation to the regiments serving with him, and were following up the advancing anny through mud and rain on broken-down bor- rowed horses from the band of the 4th Michigan Cavah-y, and clothed in a most unmilitary style, particularly ill adapted for campaigning on horseback, most of Lhem being topped oS with plug luits and wearing white linen dusters, and of course were taken at once by the bjys for ''Sanitary Commission.^* Overtaking Eosecrans in his camp near Manchester, on June 30th, 18G3, just as he was about starting for the front, after introductions all round, ho invited the Governor and pany to accompany hitn. The invitation was accepted. Immediately the General's trumpeter sounJed the advance; all mounted; the General, with a splendidly mounted stall, was off like a whirlwind ; tiie Gov- ernor and daff, and such a staff, comparatively, put spurs to their worn-out horses, and fur a few minutes made a splutter to keep up, the plug hats flying in the wind, and the white dusters looking like so many flags of truce tied to the shoulders of the party; but the general was out of siglit, and the Governor and party left looking and feeling what might be called cussedly mean — so mean one dare not look another in the face, and no further effort was made to proceed; so the party sat down among the bushes and partook of hard-tack and , and , Avell, no matter what — perhaps comtnissary. The 4th was not engaged in any action worthy of note m July, but was in skirmishes at Hickory creek on the 4th, and on the 5th at Tullahoma. It was most of the month employed in scouting the country from Fairfield to Esielle Springs, thence to i)echerd Station, Tullahoma, Salenrand Triune. From this pomt a large cavalry force, under General Stanley, proceeded to New Market and iluuisville, pressing mules, horses, and contrabands, thence back to Salem, when Minty's brigade moved to Manchester, and thence to McMinnville, the 4th Michigan having marched 2lU miles during the month. Minty's brigade being in camp at McMinnville on August 4tli, at 4 P. M., moved for the purpose of surprising the camp of Colonel Debrel's regiment at Clark's Mill, northwest from Spurta. The rebel pickets were known to be posted at Kock Island Ferry and at the ford, at the mouth of Collins river. Scouts reported that there were no pickets at Dillon's ford. The command proceeded in the direction of Mud creek, three miles from the lower ferry, reaching there at 9 P. M., and from thence a battalion of the 3d Iowa was detached, with orders to cross at Dillon's creek, move up to a cross roads, and from there take the pickets at Rock Island and tlie lower ferry in the rear. On reaching the ford the rebel pickets rapidly retired without making any resistance, when the battalion crossed, taking 14 prisoners, the rest liaving scattered through the country. The design of surprising Debrel's camp being thus frustrated, tiie command, returned to camp. Information having been received on the 8th that Debrel, with between 800 and 9UU men, was encamped two miles south of Sp.irta, tlie regiment, in com- mand of Major Gray, moved at 2 P. M., as a part of Minty's brigade, which had been ordered on a scout to surprise and capture him. Proceeding by a circuitous route on what was known as the Mountain road, and after halting for an hour on the summit of the Cumberland, moved at 1 A. M. On the 9th, encountering the enemy's pickets at daybreak within Ave miles of Sparta, the 4th Michigan being in the advance, charged at a full gallop nine miles, engag- ing his main force four miles beyond Sparta, strongly posted above the road, which had its course alotiij the base of a small mountain. The enemy here contested the passage over a small and narrow bridge. Ueavy skirmishing 654 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. continued for an hour, when, being dislodged from his position, he hurriedly retreated. The command, returning, arrived on the 10th at McMinnville. The casualties in this affair were entirely from the 4th Michigan, being 5 wounded, 3 mortally. Captain Grant slightly; 9 horses were killed and 5 wounded, including tliat of Major Gray. The regiment again broke camp, and at 2 A. M. on the 17th, under com- mand of Major Gray, moved with the brigade, under orders of General Rose- crans, towards the Sequatchie Valley. One battalion detached as train guard proceeded on a direct road, the main force taking a circuitous route to the right. When about two miles beyond Sparta, at 8 P. M., the 7th Pennsyl- vania ran into the enemy's pickets. Major Gray was directed to support the 7th, Captain Grant, with the 1st Battalion dismounted, was ordered to the left. Major Gray with the 2d Battalion moved on toward a bridge, where the regi- ment was almost instantly repulsed the week previous. Uere again the enemy, having secured a fine pusition, puured a volley into the advancing column. The whole brigade was soon more or less engaged, and constant tightiug was kept up on both sides until dark, when the enemy retired and the brigade biv- ouacked for the night. The casualties were 4 wounded, 2 severely and 1 dangerously. Three horses were wounded. Colonel Minty's being wounded at three different times. From the 18th to 21st the brigade was moving over the Bledcoe mountains and Waldren's ridge, the ascent being extremely steep and difficult, arriving at Smith's cro^s-roads, in the Tennessee valley, at noon on the 21st. Here found a picket force at the foot of the mountain, who soon put spurs to their horses and disappeared. During the balance of the month the brigade was on scouting and picket duty, from Smith's cross-roads, guarding the fords on the Tennessee from Washington to within twenty miles of Chattanooga, and had marched 380 miles in the month. The following incidents are taken from an official report: "At Smith's cross-roads a great many Union people greeted us from every side, thronging around us from the mountain and valley, much overjoyed at seeing a ' Yankee,' something new to many of them. Some of these people had suffered terribly, lying away from their homes in the caverns of the mountains. No wonder they were overjoyed at the sight of friends with strong arms to protect them in their manifestations of loyalty." "On the 27th the stars and stripes were hoisted in front of Colonel Minty's quarters. Enthusiastic and patriotic speeches were made to a large gathering by Captain Vale, 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and Captain Eobbius and Lieutenant Griifin, 4th Michigan. The flag thus given to tlie breeze had been 'preserved around and next to the body of Mrs. Morgan, a woman strong and unflinching in the Union faith. Colonel Minty, in answer to the calls of the great multitude, spoke to them a few words of comfort." " On the 3d of September following, the regimental band of the 4th Michigan went from Smith's cross-roads to Bly's Ferry, on the Tennessee river, for the purpose of serenading the rebels posted on the opposite side. A first lieutenant and four men of the enemy came over in a small canoe, solicited ' Dixie ' and ' Yankee Doodle,' and after an exchange of greetings the parties returned to their respective camps. " The brigade on the 11th of September marched from its camp towards Chat- tanooga, tlie 4th Michigan crossing the Tennessee by ferry on the night of the 12th, the balance of the command at a ford below. Moving out from Chatta- nooga, the brigade scouted the country in the vicinity of Lee and Gordon's Mills and Ciawlish springs, and on the loth moved down by a road leading by Peeler's Mills and over Alexander's bridge to within four miles of Kiuggold, to watch the movement of the enemy. The important part taken by the 4th Cavalry in the great battle of Chicka- mauga, while in command of Major Mix, warrants it in being placed among he many engagements in which that regiment distinguished itself. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 656 In Colonel Minty's report of the part taken by his brigade from the 13th to the 24th of September, 1863, including that battle, he eays: •• September 13th. With the 4th U. S. Cavahy, 4th Michipran Cavalry, 7th Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, and one section of the Chicago Board of Trade Battery, I marched from Chattanooga, and reported to Major General Crittenden, commanding' 21st army corps, at Gordon's Mill. " September 14th. Under orders from >Iajor General Crittenden, I croFsed Missionary ridge into Lookout valiei'. " September 15th. Marched back to Gordon's Mill, whero General Crittenden ordered me to proceed to Pea Vine valley, and encamped near Lcet's Cross-roads. I crossed the Chickamauga at Reed's Bridge, and shortly before dark encamped on Pea Vine creek, near Peeler's Mill, and sent out scouts towards Grayville, Ringgold, Leet's and Bock Springs. Same night I reported to Mcijor General Crittenden the information brought by these parties, and in answer received a letter from Captain Oldershaw, A. A. G., 21st army corps, of which the following is an extract: ' The major general commanding directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this date, informing him that Forrest is at King-gold, Longstreet at Dalton, Pegram at Leet's, and Bucknev at Rock Springs; all this would indicate infantry, which the major general cannot believe.' " September IGth. Strong scouting parties advanced tcnvards me from Ringgold and Leet's; they were prorajitly met. driven, and followed. At the same time my pickets on the Lafayette and Harrison road, wliich lies between Pea Vino ridge and the Chicka- mauga, were attacked from towards Lafayette, thus threatening my communications via EeeU's Bridge. I immediately fell back to that road, thus securing the bridge, but at the tame time I kept possession of the roads in Pea Vine valley by picketing strongly. My scouts towards Leet's ran into the rebel infantry and lost one man shot through the head. This was promptly reported to Major General Crittenden, whose answer was the same as yesterday, viz: 'Nothing but dismounted cavalry.' "September 17th. Slight skirmishing between my scouts and those of the enemy. The scout from Grayville reported that General Steedman's brigade of the reserve ooips had passed through that place on a i-econnoissance towards Ringgold. On the return of my courier from Gordon's Mill, he reported Colonel Wilder's brigade of mounted infantry was encamped on the west side of the Chickamauga creek, at Alexander's Bridge, about two miles above me. •' September 18th. At 6 A. M. I sent 100 of the 4th U. S. Cavalry towards Leet's, and 100 from the 4th Michigan and 7th Pennsylvania towards Ringgold. At about 7 A. M. couriers arrived from both scouts, with information that the enemy was atlvancing in force. I immediately strengthened my pickets on the Lafayette road, and moved for- ward with the 4th Michigan and one battalion of the 4th Regulars and the section of artillerj', and took up a position on the eastern slope of Pea Vuie ridge, and despatched couriers to Major General Granger at Rossville, Colonel Wilder at Alexander's Bridge, General Wood at Gordon's Mill, and General Crittenden at Crawfish Springs. On this day the 4th Michigan lost 11 in killed and wounded and 3 as pii-nners. The enemy's infantry in force, with about 200 cavalry, advanced steadily, driving my skirmish lino back to my position on the side of the ridge. The head of a column getting in lu good range I opened on them with the artilleiy, when they immediately deployed and advanced a strong skirmish line. At this moment I observed a heavy colunm of dust moving fiom the direction of Graysville towards Dyer's Ford; I sent a courier to Colonel Wilder ask- ing him to send a force to hold the ford and cover my left, and sent my train across th" creek. As the force from Graysville advanced I fell back until I arrived on the ground I had occupied in the morning. Here Colonel Miller, with two regiments and two moun- tain howitzers, reported to me from Colonel Wilder's biigade. I directed Colonel Miller to take possession of the ford, and again advanced and drove the rebel skirmish line over the ridge and back on their line of battle in the valley, where a force was in position, which I estimated at 7,000 men. Thirteen sets of regimental colors were visible. " The rebel lino advanced, and I was steadily driven back across the ridge. My only means of crossing the creek was Reed's bridge, a narrow, frail structure, wiiiih was covered with loose boards and fence rails, and a bad foid about 300 yards higher up. I ma.sked my artillery behind some shrubs near the furd, leaving one battalion of the 4th regulars to support it, and ordeied the remainder of that regiment to cross the bridge, leaving the 4th Michigan and 7th Pennsylvania in line to cover the movoax'nt. Bffiire the first squadron had time to cross, the head of a rebel column carrying their arms at ' right shoulder shift,' and moving at the double quiek, as steadily as if at drill, (.-anie through the gap not 500 yaids from the biidge. The artillery opening on them from an unexpected quarter evidently took tliem by sui prise, and immediately cheeked their advance, again causing them to deploy. The 4th Michigan followed the 4th Regulars, G5G MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and the 7th Pennsylvania the 4th Michigan; one squadron of the 4th Regulars, under Lieutenant Davis, most gallantly covering the crossing of the 7th Pennsylvania. One- squadron of the 4th Michigan, under Lieutenant Simpson, on picliet on the Harrison road, was cut off by the rapid advance of the enemy; they made a gallant resistence, and eventu- ally swam the creek without the loss of a man. The artillery crossed the ford in safely, and I placed it In position to dispute the crossing of the bridge, from which Lieutenant Davis's men had thrown most of the loose planking. Here I was soon hotly engaged, and was holding the rebels in check, when I received a note from the officer in charge of my wagon train (which I had sent back to Goixlou's iiill) stating: 'Colonel Wilder has fallen back from Alexander's bridge; he is retreating towards Gordon's Mills, and the enemy is crossing the river in force at all points.' I sent an order to Colonel Miller to join me without delay; and on his arrival I fell back to Gordon's Mill, skirmishing with the enemy, who followed me closely. With less than 1,000 men, the old '1st brigade' had disputed the advance of 7,000 from 7 o'clock in the morning until 5 o'clock in the evening, and during that time fell back only five miles. On arriving at Gordon's Mill my men were dismourited, and, with Colonel Wilder's brigade and a brigade from General Van Cleve's division, repulsed a heavy attack about 8 o'clock P. M. We lay in position all night within hearing of the enemy, and were without fires, although the night wa& bitterly cold. At break of day General Palmer's division relieved us. I then moved to the rear and procured forage i'or our our horses and rations for the men, who had been entirely without since the previous morning. "The casualties on this date in the 4th Michigan were 1 killed, 10 wounded and 3 pris- oners. Among the wounded was Captain Pritchard and Captain Abeel — Pritchard in the left arm by a shell. The loss in horses were 9 killed, 3 captured and 5 wounded, one of which being Colonel Minty's. " September 19th. Moved along the rear to the left to protect the trains moving into Chattanooga. Camped near Eossville. " September 20th. Under orders from Major General Granger, I marched to the ford at Missionary Mills, and sent strong patrols to Chickamauga Station and Giaysville without meeting the enemy. Towards the afternoon I received orders from General Granger to- take possession of the position then occupied by him on the Einggold and Eossville road. On arriving on the ground I found that General Granger had already marched to the assistance of General Thomas. Being anxious to know what was in front of me, I pushed forward towards Eed House Bridge, and found Scott's brigade of cavalry and mounted infantry, about 1,500 strong, moving into position on our bide of the creek. I immediately attacked them, and after a spirited skirmish of about an hour's duration drove them across the creek with considerable loss. " In this day's fighting the 4th Michigan lost two men and two horses wounded. " September 21st. During the night General Thomas fell back to the heights of Mission- ar>' Eidge at EossviUe, and this morning I found myself about two miles directly in front of his line of battle. The rebels advanced in three columns from the direction of Mission- ary Mills, Eed House Bridge and Dyer's Ford. I skirmished with their advance for a couple of hours and then fell back to EossviUe, with a loss of 1 officer and 7 men khled, and 1 officer and 13 men wounded. I was then ordered to the left to watch the move- ments of the enemy. " September 22. Under orders from Major General Thomas, the 4th Eegulars moved during the night to Eossville and took possession of the gap vacated by our retiring infantry. At 6 A. M. I heard firing in the direction of Eossville; leaving strong pickets in the passes over the ridge, I moved forward with the 7th Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan to support the 4th Eegulars, but fonnd that Captain Mclntire had judiciously fallen back, the enemy having turned his flank by advancing on the road from Gordon's Mills. I retired to Chattanooga, skirmishing sharply. " September 23d. With the 3d Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan I worked in the trenches aU night, and at 4 A. M. crossed the Tennessee river and encamped at Opossum creek, from whence I picketed the river from Washington to Sandy Shoals. ' ' The loss in my brigade from the day I was detached from the division until I ci'ossed the Tennessee river on the 24th was under 100 men, of whom only 15 were missing, and of those 15, 9 are known to be either killed or wounded; while during that time, in pris- oners alone, I took from the enemy 439 men." Colonel Minty, iu calling the attention of the commanding general to the gallant conduct in the battle of Chickamauga of certain officers of his brigade whom he coutsidered entitled to special mention, says of Lieutenant Simpson, 4th Michigan Cavalry: •* Lieutenant J. H. Simpson, 4th Michigan Cavaliy, commanded the squadron of hia MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 657 regiment on picket on the Harrison road, on the 18th, which was cut off by the rapid advance of the enemy. After fighting as long as he possibly could, he swam the Chicka- mauga and brought in his squadron, with no casualties but 1 man and 1 horse slightly wounded. " On the 30th of September the regiment, in command of Mayn Tlortice Gray, luiviiig been ordered to Cotton's Ferry, on the Tenncssoe river, to support a biitlaliun of U. S. civalrv. it was attackod and driven back by a larji^e body of Wheeler's rebel cavalry, who had crossed the river. Here Lieutenant Edward Tucker was mortally wounded, and died at Chattanooga on the ?th of October following. In addition the regiment lost 2 wounded and 1 missing, together with 1 horse wounded. In the month it had marched 224 miles. Following is Bragg's Circular to his army directing tlie movements of the 18th, which indicates the important position held by the 4th Michigan Cavalry: Headqcakteus Aemt or Tennessee, ) (Circular.) In the Field, Leet's Tanyard, Sept. ISth, J665. i I. Johnson's column (Hood's), on crossing at or near Keed's bridge, will turn to the left bv the most practicable route, and sweep up the Chickamauga toward Leo and Gordon's Mills. II. Walker, on cross-ing at Alexander's bridge, will unite in this move and push vigor- ously on the enemy's flank and rear in the same direction. III. Euckiier, crossing at Telford's ford, will join in the movement to the left and press tho enemy \ip the sU-enra from Polk's front at liCe and Gordon's Mills. IV. Polk will press his forces to the front of Lee and Gordon's Mills. * • • By command of General Bragg. G. W. BRENT, A. A. G. Says an officer writing to Colonel Minty, after the war ended, and who had opportunity of knowing: " It will, I think, be seen that you held on that day (Sept. 18th), the key of the position (the left of the army), and so successfully that the rebel plan was frustrated. It cost General Thomas thousands of men to maintain it, persistently fought for on the two sub- sequent days. Had the rebels succeeded early in the morning of the first day of the bat- tle in t;iking Eocd's bridge, not only Colonel Wilder but the whole army would have been seriously compromised. I am sure, had General Kosccrans known all the facts, he would have added the ISth to the number of days ' the army could not have dispensed' with the services of the cavalry. " The more I consider the facts concerning the situation of the army, and learn of the rebels, the prouder I become of our little brigade. ' Preston's division effected an unob- structed passage at Huntsville' (says Ord, the correspondent of tho Mobile Tribune, lebel). Not so with Johnson and Walker at Reed's and Alexander's bridges. Without them there was no ' sweeping up the Chickamauga, and vigorously pressing tho enemy's llank and rear;' and when the passage was effected, your persistent presence and line of retreat made the rebels fear to 'turn to the left' and expose you to their llank and rear. It was not cavalry you were fighting, as Bragg's order proves. Forrest was on tho rebel right, but the bulk of the rebel cavalry was watching at Catlett's Gap. On tho whole. Colonel, while you have earned many laurels, at no time can I find you doing such valu- able service to the Army of the Cumberland as on the Ibth of September, 18G3." The regiment, in command of Major Gray, on. October Ist, 1863, made a reconnoissance to Smith's cross-roads, and had a slight skirmish with the rear guard of tbe rebel cavalry under Wiieeler, who was ascending the mountain on a raid through Middle Tennessee. On the 2d tho main body of the cavalry force of the department in pursuit of the rebels, Minty's brigade, with the balance of the 2d division, moved out at 3 A. M., ami crossing over Waldren's liidge ascended to the summit of tiie Cumljerland and bivouacked. On the 3d the regiment in advance engaged the enemy on the western slope of tlie moun- tain in the descent. A sharp figlit ensued, in wiiicli the brigade afterwards 83 658 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. took part, when the enemy withdrew with a loss of several killed and wounded. Night coming on, the command bivouacked. The casualties in this affair were three wounded — two severely. The command passing through McMinnville and Murfreesboro/ reached within six miles of Shelbyville on the 6th. On the 7th General Orook had a sharp engagement with the enemy, captur- ing three pieces of artillery and 150 prisoners. Minty's brigade not being ordered up in time did not arrive until after the battle. From the 7th to the 17th the command continued daily on the march in pursuit of the retreating column of the enemy, passing through Pulaski, Tenn., and Rogersville, Ala., to Muscle Shoals, on the river; thence through Athens, Huntsville, and New Market, Ala., to Salem, Tenn. ; thence back to Mays- ville, Ala., arriving at this point where the regiment went into camp, and dur- ing the balance of the month was engaged in forage, picket, and scouting duty, having marched 395 miles in the month, and in the year over 3,000 miles. The 4th remained in camp at Maysville on scouting and picket duty until the 17th November, 1863, when all the mounted force of the regiment (300) in command of Major Gray, moved to join the 2d brigade under Colonel Long, at Paint Rock, Ala., and subsequently marching with it through Stevenson and Bridgeport, crossed the Tennessee river, then through Shell Mound to Kelly's Ford, and recrossing the river marched to Chattanooga, arriving there on the 21st, in the evening. On the 24th moved upon the bank of the river three miles and crossed with General Sherman's command, they moving on the enemy's position at Mission Ridge, while Colonel Long's brigade proceeded in the direction of Etowah. While on the march, the 4th Michigan being in the advance, Captain Grant with the 1st battalion captured a forage tram of ten wagons, eighty mules, and eighteen prisoners. On the 25th the regiment detached, burned a railroad bridge at Etowah, destroying a large quantity of meal, and captured a lieutenant colonel. Rejoining the brigade the regiment marched to Cleveland, and on the 26th, with detachments from different regiments on scouting duty, captured 250 prisoners, 80 wagons, 400 mules, 275 hogs, and tore up considerable railroad track. On the night of the 27th the pickets were attacked but held their position until daylight, when the enemy advanced with a heavy force of infantry and artillery, recapturing most of the mules and hogs. During the advance of the enemy Colonel Long burned the railroad depot, the iron works, and copper lolling mill at Cleveland, in which the enemy had a large amount of shell. Most of the shell had been transferred to tlie depot during the night, and on the approach of the enemy the ex[)losion of the shell in such huge quantity led the rebels to suppose it was the fire of a large artillery force, and they retired in the utmost confusion, giving the 4th Michigan an opportunity to fall back with all the prisoners in charge well secured, and before the enemy lecovered and had time to renew the attack and })ursuit, the c■ Dallas, Oa., June J at., 1S64. ) Mt Dear GenebaIi, — I give you below an extract from a letter written by General McPherson to General Garrard, our division commander, which shows that the Old 1st Brigade is still doing service and gaiuhig laurels. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. GG3 PitUa.'i, May 27lh, 7:30 P. M. Generaij.— Your letter enclosing report of Colonel ilinty, is received. His brigade has done good service to-day, and drew four regiments of rebel infantry from in front of our right off towards Villa Rica to light him. *♦**••♦•«••« JAS. B. Mcpherson, Major Gtneral Commanding. The four regiments referred to were brought up after we had beaten throe brigades of cavalry — Ferguson's, Ross', and Morgan's (John T's). The 4th Michigan has suffered heavily; four good oflu;ers are severely \^ounded— Major Robbins, Captaui Luwton, Lieuleuaiits Carter and Raii(lol|)h, and Major Grant have been taken prisoners. Our total killed, wounded, and missing numbers 3(j, but all are doing their duty well. I am sitting on the ground and using my knee as a table, so do not criticise too severely. We have had continuous fighting since the evacuation of Dalton; our killed and wounded will run well into the thousands. The rebels must vamoose to-day or to-morrow, or els<'! fight one of the battles of the war. We are now lying within half riUe range of each other. Yours tnily, Gen. Robertson, R. H. G. MINTY. Adjutant General, Mich. Generaii Order. Officers and Soldiers: Orders having been received annonncing our advance on the morrow, the lieutenant colonel commanding, with feelings of sincere gratitude, desires lo congratulate you on the soldierly deportment, the manly courage and unswerving fidelity to duty, which have characterized the conduct of each of you since the consummati(ni of the late active service in this campaign. Whether on the march or in hot conflict with the enemy, a marked determination to act as though the whole rcspuiibibiiay of success ur defeat rested upon his shoulders, has been manifest in each individual elTort. So long as life is spared him, he will not forget how officers and soldiers strained eveiy energy to resist the overwhelming force of the enemy iu the late and unfortunate affair near Kingston. The memories of the dead he will ever cherish, the interest and welfare of the living he will ever promote. Officers and soldiers, let the expectations which have been awakened by the remem- brances of the past few days be more than realized by the truthful recital of the deeds of your daily life in the future. Remember your friends in the beautiful Peninsular State are watching you anxiously and prayerfully. Your cause is right. Let your deeds be just, and on the scroll of Michigan's fame will the name of no regiment be written dearer to, her than that of vour own. J. B. PARK, Geo. R. Stone, Adjutant, Lieut. Col. Commanding 4th Mich. Cavalry. The regiment in command of Major Mix marched with the brigade, stilJ comiiiiinded by Colonel Minty, from their camp near Dalton on June 1st, proceeding to Alatoona Gap, and bivouacked on the Etowaii river until the 8il), wlien it marched through Ackwortii and encamped. On the 9th moveil toward Big biianty iu advance of the division, and cncountereil tlie enemy's pickets soon after pressing the Union infantry videtLcs. Advancing a sliurt distance found the enemy with Martin's divison of cavalry dismounted, strongly posted behind breastworks, supported by a brigade of infantry, but with tlie mounted infantry and cavalry operating ou their flanks lliey were soon driven from their line of intienchmunts to the base of the Kenesaw mountain, with heavy h/ts in killed, wi.undtd, and ))risiiners. Under date of near Marietta, Ga., June 12th, lbG-1, Colonel Minly reports to the general commaudnig division: " In obedience to orders from the general commanding the division, I marched from camp near Ackworth at G A. M. un the "Jtli inslunl, taking the direct rcuul to ilarlutta. At the graveyard on Rocky Hill, my advance, the 4th Michigan Cavalry, struck the rebel 604 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. pickets, and found the road obstructed by rail barricades and felled trees. They were immediately driven to the opposite hill in front of Bi^ Shanty, where formidable breast- works of rails had been built. Here the enemy appeared in considerable force, having open fieldb in his front, and the flankers reported cavalry moving on both flanks. I sent the 4:th U. S. Cavalry to the left and a battalion of the 7th Pennsylvania to the right, and skirmishing commenced at once. " The general brought up the 3d brigade, when I moved the 4th Michigan to the left of the regulars, and sent the other two battalions of the 7th to the right, and ordered both flanks to push fonvard. This was done in good style (dismounted), especially on the right, whore the country Wiis sufficiently open to admit of regular formation being kept up. On the left the underbrush was so dense that the men had great difficulty in forcing their way through it and dislodging the enemy. " The entire Une advanced, charged gallantly across the open country, and carried the first line of breastworks, where we found telegraph wire stretched along the entire front about two feet from the ground. "The robels now took shelter behind the second line, which was on the hill south of the station. Across the open ground between the two lines the 3d brigade and 7th Penn- sylvania again charged and quickly di._.l()dged the enemy, who fell back to their third hne. The 7th Pennsylvania pushed forward through the woods on the right, and was imme- diately heavily engaged, but drove the rebels steadily. I directed the 4th Regulars to keep in line with and cover the flanks of the 3d brigade, which again advanced in magni- ficent style, charging over open ground and carrying the works at Bomer's house and the last line of breastworks at the edge of the woods beyond the house which defended the ' Mississippi Tigers.' " The entire force having been ordered to return to camp, I sent one regiment to escort the ambulances with the killed and wounded, and with the other two brought up the rear. I arrived in camp about 8 P. M. Our total loss was 1 killed and 12 wounded. The rebels had 20 killed or mortally wounded, including one heutenant of the 'Tigers' — 29th Missis- sippi Infantry. Their slightly wounded were all taken from the field. " On the 12tli, the 7Lh Pennsylvania Cavah-y in the advance, Martin's division was again met at McAlIce's Cross-roads, where fighting commenced and con- tinued nutil dark witliout loss. Having carried his breastworks and driven him ubont five miles, fell back and encamped. On the loth, moved a few miles to the front, built a temporary stockade, skirmished with Wlieeler"s cavalry until the 19th, when the brigade again moved out, marching a short distance, engaged the enemy until dark, then fell back to the stockade. On the 20Lh agam was on the move, the 7th Pennsylvania in advance. Crossing Noonday creek, engaged the enemy in force at Lattimer's Mill. The 4tli Michigan deployed in line of battle on the right of a road, remaining there a short time. The 7th Pennsylvania having charged the enemy and finding him too strong, the 4th Michigan being ordered to support, the 1st and 3d battalions, in command of Captains Pritchard and Leach, respectively, crossed the Ijittle Noonday creek and charged the enemy, but did not succeed in driving him from his position, the rebel force being immensely superior as to numbers. The 3d battalion, in command of Major Mix, not having crossed the Little Noonday, was then thrown into line on the left of the road where the enemy was attacking in great force, but the combined Union force proved insufficient to even hold him in check, and he advanced in over- whelming numbers, compelling the brigade to fall slowly back in line, under orders. But on being reinforced by three regiments of the 8d brigade, just at dark, the enemy was repulsed with heavy loss. The 4th Michigan lo&t 11 killed, including Lieutenant Sutton, 23 wounded, and 6 missing. This, although not a Union success, was one of the most brilliant affairs in which the 4th Michigan was engaged, exhibiting a degree of gallant and stubborn fighting. Following is a letter of Colonel Minty dated on the day following the engage- ment with other notices and reports in relation to the affair: MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 665 Headquarters 1st Brigade, 2d Cavalry Div., Department op the CuiinERLAND, Near Marietta, Georgia, 2 Jut June, 1SG4. Mx Dear General,— We had a very severe fight yesterday; the 4th Michigan and part of the 7th Pennsylvania cavalry, about a thousand men in all, were attacked by about six thousand rebel cavalry under our old Shelby ville friend, Wheeler. We fought them for •over two hours, falling back slowly before them, when three regiments of the 3d brigade reported to me, and just at dark I repulsed them with heavy loss. The 4th Miohigau received three charges from the 8th Confederate with sabres, supported by the 5th Georgia with pistols, and drove them back in confusion every time. My total loss was sixty-five in killed, wounded, and missing, of which the 4th has to bear forty, viz.: Lieu- tenant Sutton and ten men killed, twenty-three wounded and six missing. Yours very ti'uly, E. H. G. MINTY, Oen. Jno. Robertson, Adjutant General, Michigan. Extracts from a letter published at Atlanta, Ga., in the afternoon edition of the Memphis Appeal of the 25th June: " On the 20th instant two divisions — Kelly's and Martin's — and one brigade— William's — of our cavalry, went round to the left Hank and rear of Sherman's army, it was .'^aid, to capture a brigade of Yankee cavalry stationed at McAfee's. We succeeded in getting to the right place, where the enemy, Minty's brigade, was vigorously attacked by William's and a portion of Anderson's brigade. After a tiharp conllict tlie enemy was driven from the field, Hannon's brigade having come up and attacked them on the flank. The Yankees fought desperately and fell back slowly, with what loss we are unable to ascertain, as they carried off their wounded and most of their dead. To one who was an eye-witncbS but not an adept in the 'art of war,' it seems very strange that the whole Yankee force was not surrounded and captured. Dibreli's brigade was drawn up a few hundred yards from and in full view of the battle-field with Martin's whole division immediately in the rear. This is one of the best lighting brigades the Yankees have, and to have captured or routed it would have added a bright feather to the plume of the successful hero accom- plishing the feat. After he (Minty) had been driven from his first position, Martin's whole division was brought up and lost several of Allen's brigade. Brigadier General Allen had his horse shot. The hith Confederate and 5th Georgia, of Anderson's brigade, lost several killed and wounded. Williams's Kentucky brigade lost several good soldiers. " Colonel Minty adds in his report: "According to the above there was the following rebel force in the field: Kelly's and Martin's divisions, consisting of the brigades of Anderson (six regiments), Hannon's (five regiments), Allen's (five regiments), ;uid Johnson's (five regiments), and the inde- pendent brigades of Williams and Dibrell, composed of five regiments each, say in all twelve regimenis, with an average of 300— 3, GOO; the 5lh Georgia numbered over 800. The entire force I had engaged was 7th Pennsylvania, 170 men, and 4th Micliigiui, 283— in all 453. These few men held their ground agaiii.-.t the i-epeated assaults of the enemy for over two hours, and when I ordered them to fall back they retired slowly and in good Older. I beg to call the attention of the general commanding to the heavy loss sustained by this small force. In a loss of over twelve per cent, the very small proportion reported missing shows how steadily and stubbornly they fought. " Colonel Minty further adds in a note to this report: "One battalion led by Captain Hathaway repulsed a cliarge made by Williams's Ken- tucky brigade by a counter charge. " While my loss in tliis engagi'inent was only 65, the Marietta (Ga.) papers acknowledge the rebel loss to be 94 killed and 351 wounded," Following are extracts from a letter of Colonel Minty, under date of Kone- 6UW, Ga., June ^Stli, 1864, to the Adjutant General of Miciiij^Mn : " The fight in which Lieutenant Sutton was killed, ' Latlimer's Mills,' June 20th. turns out to have been a splendid affair. I knew that the enemy had sulTered bevercly, but the truth far surpasses my most sanguine hopes. " The day before yesterday two negroes came in from General Martin's di\ is.' >n, and told us that the rebel loss was about 500; this I did not believe, but yesterday some of 84 666 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the men of the 7th Pennsylvania and 4th Regulars got hold of a couple of Atlanta papers, in -vrhich they acknowledged their loss to be over ninety killed and three hundred and sixty wounded. When we take into consideration the fact that the rebels had two entire divisions actually engaged, supported by a third, and that I had only three regiments and a half on the ground, while only the 4th Michigan and a portion of the 7th PenTisylvania were engjiged, I think all will allow that the result is most gratifying. " I see in some of the Michigan papers that the ladies of Flint have a splendid standard prepared for the Old Fourth. I think I can promise that it will never be disgraced in their hands. " The regiment was in camp on the left flank of the army near Kenesaw mountain, on July 1st, 1864, and on the 2d with the brigade and division marched in the direction of Big Shanty, where possession was taken of the ■ works evacuated by the Army of the Tennessee. Next day moved towards Marietta, and passing through the enemy's works near that point evacuated the night previous. Found Marietta occupied by a brigade of Union infantry , then proceeded toward the Chattahoochee river and encamped near Rosswell. On the 4th moved at daylight, and encountering the enemy, skirmished all day. Marched again to Rosswell and encamped, skirmishing at different points, and on the 10th moved again toward the Chattahoochee, and from tliat to the 13th encamped; then marched to McAflEee's bridge, remaining there until the 17th. Having crossed the Chattahoochee river, the regiment, in command of Major Mix, on the 18th, participated in a raid on the Atlanta and Augusta railroad, near Lost Mountain, and destroyed the track for several miles. From the 22d to the 24th it was engaged in a raid on Covington, on the same railroad, and in destroying the bridges and track. On the 27th marched with the brigade through Decatur, covering Stoneman's raid, and while encamped at Flat Shoals, southeast from Atlanta, was surrounded by Martin's, Kelley's, and Harriman's divisions of cavalry. Martin's division, under Iverson, followed Stoneman, when Mmty's brigade cut its way through and fell back to Lithonia, on the Augusta railroad. From the 1st to the 14th of August the regiment was employed as infantry, occupying a portion of the trenches in front of Atlanta that had been vacated by the 2-3d Army Corps. The 4th Michigan lost 37 killed and wounded and 3 missing, including among the killed Lieutenant T. W. Sutton. The 4th, still in command of Major Mix, composed a part of General Kil- patrick's force while on his celebrated raid around the rebel army then defend- ing Atlanta. This force consisted of the 3d division of cavalry, about 2,500 strong, commanded in person by General Kilpatrick, Minty's and Long's brig- ades of the 2d cavalry division, numbering about 2,554, with two sections of the Chicago Board of Trade Battery, in command of Lieutenant Robinson. Kilpatrick made a complete circuit, occupying four days, lighting almost the entire time superior numbers, and whipping them with half their force. Gen- eral Garrard, of the 2d division, did not accompany the expedition, conse- quently Colonel Minty, of the 4th Michigan, then the ranking colonel, took command of the brigades of that division. At 1 o'clock on the morning of the 18th of August, Minty's command broke camp and left uur lines for the rendezvous of the expedition at Sund- town, arriving there at 6 A. M. The movement was commenced under cover of darkness to prevent, if possible, any imfurmation being obtained by the enemy ; yet, a rebel letter, captured on the 20Lh, dated at Atlanta on the 18th, gave the number of Minty's command, and the destination of the raiders. On the morning of the lOth Minty reported to General Kilpatrick at Sand- towu and received his orders, and that night the command moved off on their MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 667 bold undertaking, the 3d division in the advance, skirmishing all the way until the West Point railroad was reached near Fairburn, where the first rebel assault was made. The enemy struck the column on the left flank with artil- lery and dismounted cavalry with so much force as tocutthe7th Pennsylvania, in commaTid of Major Jennings, in two, but were immediately reinforced by the 4th Michigan, commanded by Major Mix, when a vigorous and irrresistible attack was made on the enemy, driving him from the ground in great disorder. Pursuing the rebel force to Flint river, it was found that the bridge had been destroyed, the stream deep, and bottom bad for crossing, while Ross' and Fer- guson's brigades of cavalry presented a bold front on tlie east bank, and with artillery disjiuted the passage. The artillery was promptly in position, and soon silenced the rebel batteries; instantly the 1st, 3d, and 4th Ohio and 4th Michigan cavalry dismounted, formed in line, and under cover of a destruct- ive fire of grape and canister, directed ou the rebel rifle pits, and with a yell, dashed forward on the double-quick to the bank of the river, where a deadly fire was poured into the rebels at short range, dislodging their sharpshooters, when the column crossed the river on the stringers of the burned bridge, leav- ing the 7th Pennsylvania, one section of artillery, and the led horses on the ■west bank. Minty, with his command dismounted, then advanced on Jones- boro, the 4th Michigan being deployed as skirmishers, 1st Ohio, 4th U. S. in line, with one section of artillery in the center, and the 3d and 4th Ohio fol- lowing in column, driving Ross and Ferguson into town, where they took shelter ill the houses and opened a sharp fire. Wliile Minty was getting his artillery in position to riddle the buildings the rebels mounted their horses and vacated in disorder. The 3d division was then quickly brought up, and the destruction of the town commenced, two-thirds of it being destroyed bv fire. While this was being done, Ferguson and Ross were reinforced by a bri"-ade of infantry, and took a position near Kilpatrick's forces, entrenching them- selves by felling limber, etc. Kilpatrick's main object being to destroy the railway, and not whipping the enemy, except when necessary in the execution of his purpose, that same night left Jonesboro. Striking east about five miles, he then marched direct for Lovejoy's Station on the Macon road. At day- bieak the next morning his flight from Jonesboro was discovered by the enemy, who started in pursuit with his cavalry. At one and a half miles from Love- joy's Station, the 2d division in the advance, Minty's brigade leading, followed by Long's, the 4th Michigan was detached, with orders to gain possession of and destroy the railroad, and was engaged in tearing up the track, when the column, moving down the direct road to the station, encountered the enemy's mounted pickets, who were driven in by the 7th Pennsylvania in fine style; but skirmishing was continued until within a quarter of a mile of the station, where the force was dismounted. In the meantime the 4th U. S. cavalry had been sent to reinforce the 7th Pennsylvania, but before their line was fairly formed a whole rebel infantry brigade, which had been lying in ambush with- out skirmishers, poured into the ranks a territlic volley, and with yells rushed over the small party, killing, wounding, and taking prisoners nearly the entire party, who fought bravely until their arms were wrested from them. Long's brigade was immediately formed, artillery placed in position, and the rebels were quickly repulsed, with severe loss. Scarcely had this been accomplished when a whole division of rebel cavalry (Jackson's), 5,000 strong, composed of Armstrong's, Ferguson's, and and Ross's brigades, was seen coming down €68 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. on the left and rear on the keen run, accompanied by ten pieces of artillery. {Jleburn's division of cavalry, 10,000 strong, was advancing rapidly on the right and front, while Reynolds, with seven regiments of infantry, was coming in quickly on the left and front. Before Kilpatrick had time to learn what was coming, a spirited attack was made on ihe rear, but he soon comprehended the situation. Minty's brigade was instantly vTithdrawii and hastily formed in line in column of regiments. The 7th Pennsylvania, Major Jennings, on the right; 4th Michigan, Major Mix, in the center, and the 4th U. S., Captain Mclntire, on the left. Long's brigade was formed in rear, and the 3d division was formed on the left of the road. The advancing enemy was immediately most gallantly attacked by a charge of Minty's brigade, which is described by u correspondent of the Ouicinnati Commercial as follows: " While the various regiments were being manoeuvred into position to meet the onslaught of the rebels, who were sweeping down upon, the men had time to comprehend the dan- ger that surrounded them —rebels to the right of them, rebels to the left of them, rebels in rear of them, rebels in front of them — surrounded; there was no salvation but to cut their way out. Visions of Libby Prison and starvation flitted through their imagination, and they saw that the deadly conflict could not be avoided. Plachig himself at the head head of his brigade, the gallant and fearless Minty drew his sabre, and his voice rung out clear and loud: 'Attention, column! forward, trot; regulate by the center regiment; march, gallop, march!' and away the brigade went with a yell that echoed away across the valleys. "The ground from which the start was made and over which they charged was a plan- tation of about two square miles, thickly strewn with patches of woods, deep water cuts, fences, ditches, and morasses. At the word, away went the bold dragoons at the height of their speed. Fences were jumped and ditches were no impediment. The rattle of the sabres mingled with that of the mess kettles and frying pans that jingled at the side of the pack mule brigade, which were madly pushed foiward by the frightened darkies who straddled them. Chaiging for their lives, and yelling like devils, Minty and bis troopers encountered the rebels behind a hastily-constructed barricade of rails. Pressing their rowels deep uito their horses' flanks, and raising their sabres aloft, on, on, on, nearer and nearer to the rebels they plunged. The terror-stricken enemy could not withstand the thunderous wave of men and horse that threatened to engulf them. They broke and ran just as Minty and his troopers were urging their horses for the decisive blow. In an instant all was confusion. The yells of the horsemen were drowned hi the clashing of stticl and the groans of the dying. On pressed Minty in pursuit, his men's sabres strikmg right and left, and cutting down everything in their path. The rebel, horsemen were seen to reel and pitch headlong to the earth, while their frightened steeds rushed pell-mell over their bodies. Many of the rebels defended themselves with almost superhuman strength; yet it was all in vain. The charge of Federal steel was irresistible. The heads and limbs of some of the rebels were actually severed from their bodies, the head of the rider falling on one side of the horse, the hfeless trunk upon the other. " The individual instances of heroism were many. Hardly a man flinched, and when the brigade came out more than half the sabres were stained with human blood. "It was, all admit, one of the hnest charges of the war. Fully lOU men fell under the keen sabres of Minty's brigade. The praises of Minty and his command are upon every tongue. The itli U. S., 4th Michigan, 1st, 3d, and ith Ohio regiments charged over a rebel batteiy of three guns on the left of the road; but no sooner had our men [lassed than the rebels again seized the cannon, and, reversing them, poured grape and canister into the charging columns. General Kilpatrick, seeing this, with his staff and others, about thirty in all, moved forward to cajjture the guns, but found a high staked-and- ridered fence between him and the battery. Seeing the predicament in which the General was. Private William Bailey, a young Tennesseean belonging to Company I, 4th Michi- gan, an orderly to Colonel Minty, coolly rode up to the fence, dismounted in the face of a severe lire, tore down the fence, remounted, lode up to the battery, shot the captain, took l)os^^esbion of the horse and arms, and rode out. lie was immediately followed by a party of men who captured the battery and spiked the guns. In the chaigc Minty's bvigade captured three stands of colors, the 4th U. S. taking two and the 4th Michigan one. " The position of General Kilpatrick's force, and the overpowering numbers opposing him, rendered his condition most critical, leaving him to choose MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 069 between surrender or almost certain annihilation in the effort to extricate him- self. He cliuse the latter, and was relieved from his dilemma by the gallant figiiting of Minty's brigade, and thus enabled to accomplish successfully the object of the expedition. The casualties in the brigade and the Chicago Board of Tratle Battery oa this raid were 1 officer and 32 men killed, 6 oificers and 92 men wounded, 3 officers and 20 men missing (wounded), and 4 officers and 48 men missing. The casualties in Miuty's brigade during the campaign, ending in the occu- pation of Atlanta, were 2 officers and 44 men killed, 6 officers and lOG meu wounded, and 7 officers and S3 men missing. The regiment arrived at Lithonia on the 21st of August, having made a cir- cuit around Atlanta and been in the saddle and almost constantly engaged since its departure from Sandtowu on the 18th, the marches having been made over roads that had become very rough from heavy rains. From Lithonia the regiment returned to Sandtowu. Colonel Minty says in a letter written at Saudtown, Ga., under date of August 29Lh, 1864 : "lu the late great Kilpatrick raid I had two brigades under me, my own and Long's. We did aU the fighting. I had 2,400 men. Kilpatrick had 2,300. I lost 206 men; he lost 31. My own brigade made one of the grandest charges ever witnessed. We rode over three brigades of rebel cavalry, sabred hundreds of them, captured three pieces of artil- 1617 ^Dmy, Ross' brigade of cavalry at Flint river. The woods were tliick and impracticable lor cavalry. The 2d brigade was therefore dismounted; they advanced steadily, driving the rebel* before them, until they arrived at Flint river, wherf we found the bridge destroyed and the enemy in position on the opposite side. The enemy's guns were immediately silenced by Lieutenant Bennett's section of the Board of Trade Battery. " General Kilpatiick now ordered up all his artillery, eight pieces, and shelled the rebel rifle-pits by volleys. On the firing of the fourth volley my men in line advanced at the double quick and took shelter behind a fence on the bank of the river. Tiicir fin* from this position drove the enemy from his works. We then crossed on the remaining string- ers of the ruined bridge, which was quickly repaii'ed, and one section of the Bouid of Trade Battery, Lieutenant Robinson, crossed. "I now received ord'srs from General Kilpatrick to drive the rebels from and tak'» pos- session of the town of Jonesboro. I deployed the 4th Michigan as sklrmibhere; the 4tb 670 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR U. S. and 1st Ohio, with the section of artillery between them, moved in line, and the 3d and 4th Ohio followed on the road in column, all dismounted. In this formation I advanced steadily, driving the lebels, Eoss' and Ferguson's bri- gades, before me into the town, where they took possession of the houses and- opened a sharp fire on us. I ordered the section of artillery into the skirmish line and directed Lieutenant Robinson to shell every house from which a gun was fired, and in five minutes I hak possession of Jonesboro. The railroad buildings were quickly destroyed and a portion of the tracli torn up. The general directed me to talie position across the railroad, facing towards Atlanta, to cover the 3d division, which had been ordered to take up ti'ack. About 10 o'clock P. M. I was ordered to fall back towards the 3d division, as they were about moving farther south. As soon as I had taken up the new position Colonel Murray attempted to advance, but found the enemy in force ajid stiongly posted in his front. A flank move- ment was now ordered. The general directed that my own brigade should take the advance, and that I should remain with the 2d brigade to cover the movement. The column moved towards McDonough's, about five miles, and then turning sharp to the right marched directly towards Lovejoy's Station. As the rear of the column turned to the right the rebel cavalry came up with it, and a shurp skirmibh ensued between them and Colonel Long's brigade, ending in the repulse of the rebels. At about 7 A. M. on the 20th, when within one mile of Lovejoy's Station, the 2d brigade re-joined the 1st at the head of the column. At this point the road forks, one branch leading to the station and the other to a point on the railroad a quarter of a mile north; on this the right hand road, I detached the 4th Michigan, Major Mix commanding, with orders to gain possession of and destroy the railroad. The column moved on directly for the statitm, driving a small force of rebels before us. "When within a quarter of a mile of the railroad I received a report from Major Mix that he had succeeded in gaining the road without m' could again load and lire we were among them with our sabres, cutting them down on every side. The batter>' was silenced in no time, one gun being upset, while we took the otluT along with us. In less time than it takes to relate it we had run over and cut our way tlirougli three brigades of cavalry and made a load for the remainder of the command to pass out,^ which it did with safety, artillery, ambulances, pack mules, and all. " General Kilpatrick's headquarters flag was pierced by a shell in making a charge, and Colonel Minty's horse was slightly woundi d by a musket ball from tlie line of the dis- mounted cavalry. Had we the time we could have brought off livo or »ix iiundred pris- oners, but they were in close pursuit and we were obliged to leave them behind in order to secure our own safety. Our ambulances were loaded with wounded, tlie horses of the command very much fatigued, and our progress was occasionally very slow. We brought out about thirty prisoners only, and about one hundred horsrs and mules. In gohig out the command had become somewhat confused and dist)rg,uiizetl, and in order tlmt we might the better be prepared for work, the General ordered a halt and reorganization. When the reorganization was about completed the enemy overtook us and attacked Col- onel Long witli great fury, who again happened to be in tlie rear. It was all he could do- to hold them until the column got straightened out on the road, but at the sacrifice of MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 673 about fifty men he succeeded In holding them. The Colonel himself was twice severely wounded in this engagement, and had to be carried from the field. "The 4th Michigan and 7th Pennsylvania were now dismounted and deployed across the road for the purpose of protecting the retreat of Colonel Long's brigade. We remained in line until the brigade had passed, followed by the rebels, but the reception with which they were met a few moments before prevented them from attacking us with the same impetuosity with which they had rushed on to Colonel Long's command. After skirmish- ing witl) them a short time we withdrew and closed up with the column. That waa the last time they bothered us on the march. Darkness now set in and we marched until 2 o'clock, when we crossed a deep stream, burning the bridges after us and went into camp until morning. At sunrise the column was again on the move, and after marching three miles we came to a stream which had been so swollen by recent rains that the whole com- mand had to swim it. Three men and several animals were drowned, and one ambulance and two wagons lost in crossing. That night we went into camp in good season at Lithonia, a village on the Augusta railroad, about fifteen miles from the left of our army. Considering ourselves out of danger we siept soundly, which was the first night's rest we had since leaving camp on the morning of the 18th. " The next morning at sunrise we again resumed the march, and arrived Inside our lines at an early hour in the afternoon, having been completely around the rebel army. Of one thing we were completely satisfied, that General Kilpatrick is entitled to the cog- nomen which was given him on the Potomac, viz., of ' Kill Cavalry.' But of another thing we are satisfied also, that he is one of the very best cavalry generals in the service. He knows exactly how to handle cavalry, is not aftraid to fight, and is always at the front in person, willing to take his own chances with the rest." From September 1st to 11th, 1864, the regiment remained in camp at Sand- town, distant from Atlanta about 15 miles. On the 11th, in company with the 4:th U. S. cavalry, moved through Atlanta and bivouacked on Peach Tree creek, about iwo miles out. On the 12th resumed the march, reaching Blake's mills in the afternoon, where the 2d Division was encamped. On the 19th moved south, crossed the Chattahoochee river and encamped near Rosswell, from whence scouting parties were frequently sent. On one occasion Lieuten- ant Boutelle, of Company B, with a detail of 50 men sent out as guard to a forage train, were attacked by a force estimated at 200 mounted men. Bou- telle drew sabres and charged, driving the rebels off, but he received a ball through his right hand, the bones of which were badly shattered, while two of his men were captured. On their way back to camp they were again attacked by the same rebel force, and again the gallant Boutelle led a successful charge against them, his useless right hand hanging by his side. On the 26th the regiment, with the 4th U. S. and 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, moved from Rosa- well and marched west about ten miles and encamped. The dismounted men had from time to time been sent to the rear, and with the exception of 217 sent to Chattanooga, were employed in garrisoning the block-houses on the railroad between IJashville and Huntsville. On September 14th, Corporal Charles Bickford with 23 men of the regiment, and only 17 of them armed with Spencer carbines, in a block-house, were attacked by the rebel cavalry under General Wheeler, numbering over 8.000, with artillery. General Wheeer came with a flag of truce and demanded the unconditional surrender of the block-house and garrison. It was refused, notwithstanding the statement made that ''General Wheeler was present with 8,000 men and three pieces of artillery." The rebels opened with their artillery and for five hours and a half continued to shell the block-house, at one time being not more than ten or fifteen rods distant. They were made to change the position of tlieir guns seven times, and finally forced to retreat with a loss of 8 killed and GO wounded. The corporal was made a 2d lieutenant, and the men were honorably mentioned by name in general orders On October Ist the regiment again returned to Sandtown, and on the 2d and 85 674 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 3d engaged the enemy for several houra on each day on Sweetwater creek, but with slight loss. On the 4th the regiment arrived at Marietta, where it joined the 2d cavalry division and moved with it in pursuit of the rebel army, then engaged in its northward movement to the Tennessee river. The command skirmished with the enemy for several hours on the 5th, and on the following day the rebels having vacated their position, the command attacked their rear guard and captured a brigadier general and colonel, with other prisoners. The enemy having moved to Dallas and occupied their old works at that place, were attacked by the command and driven out. On the 10th the command was engaged near Rome, and on the 12th crossed the Oostenaula river and attacked the rebel force, but after driving them several miles the latter opened with artillery and the command retired. On the 13th the enemy were again attacked, killing 10 and wounding 13, driving them twelve miles, taking two pieces of artillery and a large number of prisoners. Recrossing the Oostenaula river, the regiment marched through Rome, Kingston, and Adairsville to Resaca, thence via Summersville and Galesville, Ala., to Little river, where on the 20th it engaged General Wheeler's cavalry, forcing them to retire and driving them five miles, killing several, including two lieutenants. During the past twelve months the regiment had marched over 3,600 miles. Ill order that the regiment might again be united, the mounted men at Lit- tle river, numbering about 100, were ordered on October 26th, 1864, to trans- fer their horses to the 3d brigade and proceed to Nashville. The other por- tions of the regiment were also ordered to proceed to the same place. The regiment had been dismounted and ordered to Nashville, Tenn., and thence to Louisville, K., to reorganize and equip. It remained there until the latter part of December, during which time it had been remounted, fully equipped and furnished with new Spencer's carbines, the regiment numbering 23 ufficers and 696 enlisted men. On December 28th it marched from Louis- ville through Mt. Washington, Bardstown, New Haven, Elizubethtown, Sonora, and Munfordsville, crossing Green river and passing through Wood- sonville, Cave City, Bowling Green, and Mitchellville, arriving at Nashville January 8th, 1865, where it remained three days making preparations for continuing the march. On the 12th it broke camp and commenced the march, passing through Nasliville, Franklin, Spring Hill, arriving near Col- umbia on the 13th and remaining there until the 18th, when it crossed the river and marched through Columbia and bivouacked. On the 19th the march was resumed, taking a southwesterly course at Mt. Pleasant, arriving at Grav- elly Springs, Alabama, on tlie 25th, where it commenced building camp quar- ters for the men and stables for the horses. There the men suffered for some time for want of rations, it lieing impossible to obtain a supply, and in conse- quence they were under t . necessity of living on parched corn for several days. In 1864, and after the regiment had fought and won many hard battles, the citizens of Flint sent, by Colonel Minty, to the 4th a standard made of the heaviest blue banner silk with a gold colored fringe of heavy material, the State arms on the one side, on the reverse an eagle resting on a shield. Beneath the shield a motto of the regiment, ^^ In jure vmcimus." " We con- quer in right." Inscribed on it battles of the regiment in beautiful letters. On a silver platoon the staff was engraved: "Presented to the 4th Reg't Mich, cavalry by the friends of the Flint boys." "Blessings on our gallant 4th. Victory o'er every foe." MICHIGAN IN THE WAil. 676 A correspondent wrote : " One of the cavalry camps near the fort on Shelby street (Louisville) was the scene of a very pleasant reunion on the 16th iust. (Noveaibor, 18(J4). The 4th Michigan cav- ally, Colonel K. H. G. Minty's old regiment, after two years and three montlis of uninter- rupted hard service at the front, had been sent here to remount. On the occajsion referred to the Colonel, in behalf of the friends of the regiment in Flint, Michigan, pre- sented his war-worn troopers with a stand of colors- the gift of the ladies of Fiuit. ' The presentation letter was read by Captain Robert Burns, A. A. General of Colonel Mmty'e brigade, and a committee appointed to reply. "The flag is a model of neatness and good taste. In the center of a ground- work of rich blue silk is the national coat of arms with a star for each iSLate. Around this ci'uter tastefully arranged in handsome gilt letters the names of the twelve battles in wliich the regiment has fought. In the center of the opposite side there is the coat of arms of Michigan and this Latin motto "Injure vincimuu," and around the border, as on the on the other side, the names of twelve other battle-tieicis. This flag was ready for pre- sentation in April last, but the regiment left before it could be forwarded, and has t)iily now become so settled in camp as to give opportunity for tiie presentation. On tlie silver plate on the staff stand engraved the names of sixteen other battles in which this noble regiment has fought since tlie flag was finished. During the memorable campaign against Atlanta, among the battle-fields on the Flag, Stone river, Slieibyviile, Frankiii), aparta, Middleton, Rover, Unionville, Liberty, Snow Hill. McMinnville, Lebanon, Chielv'jiniiuiga,' Reed's Bridge, Hill Creek, Chattanooga, Cleveland. On the silver plate Home, Kings- ton, Dallas, Powder Spring, Big Shanty, Kenesaw mountain, Chattahoochee, Covuigton, Stone Mountain, Lattimer's Mills, Flat Shoals, Lovojoy's Station, Jonesboro, and Atlanta, the whole number being forty, and this makes no account of the minor skirmishes wliii-h might be added, swelling this number to hundreds "A few words about tins noble regiment and its gallant commander will hardly be con- sidered out of place in this connection. The 4th Michigan casalry. Colonel Minty oom- manding, crossed the Ohio river 1,200 strong at the time the rebel army under General Bragg was threatening Louisville in October, 1862, and participated in the military move- ments that drove the rebels from Kentucky. Makii:g a hasty march from Crab Oiciiard to MunfordsvUle, it joined in the hunt after John Morgan, and followed that noted rebel and horse thief across the Cumberland liver. When General llosecraus advanced towards Murfreesboro, the 1st cavalry brigade, of which the 4lh Michigan was tlien a part, and to the command of which Colonel Minty had been appointed, moved out in advance of the center column. The Michigan cavalry tired the first gun, and had the first man killed in the memorable series of desperate fights which, spreatling over many mileb of country, and occupying many days together, constitute tlie battle of Stone river Colonel Minty with his Ist brigade, the 4th Michigan included led a sabre charge on the evening of December 31st which checked the then victorious rebels. From that time the enemy gained nothing. Miuty's was the first cavalry to enter Murfreesboio after Bragg's forces were withdrawn. "When Ivosecrans advanced toward Tuiiahoma, Mlnty's brigade, after a hard fight drove a heavy force of the enemy from Shelbyvfile, kUling and wounding a great number and capturing 600 prisoners, with three pieces of artillery. Wlien Briii;g, ret^nforced by Longstreet, fell upon Rosecrans's army on the 19th of September, 18GJ, iUinty, willi his brigade, fought the advancing columns of the enemy one day almost alone, and by a series of brilliant cavalry movements held the v\-hole rebel army at bay until ilio general himself said that his cavalry her*- saved his army. During Sherman's last cam- paign, Minty, with his brigade, was always wliere hard work and dt^sperate lighting were to be performed. His command was detached from Garraid's division, and formed part of the force that, under Kilpatrick, passed around the two armies, cutting the Macon railroad after the disastrous failures of McCook and Stoneman. Here, near Lovejoy's Station, Colonel Minty led his brigade, his own old regiment, the 4th Micliigan, being in the center, in one of the most brilliant and successful cavalry cliaiges of the war, literally cutting his way through the rebel army and saving Kilpatrick's co/nmand. Minty's brigade has been known as the 1st Brigade, 2d Cavalry I'l vision, and was com- posed of the 4th United States, 7th Pennsylvania, and 4th Michigan Cavalry. In the reorganization now going on, it is to be knt)wn as the 2d i>r.gade of the 2d Division, and will consist of the 4th Michigan, 7th Peinisylvania, and Ist, 3d, and 4th Ohio. Colonel Minty has been earnestly recommended to tir.j President and Secretary of War for promotion. First, in 1861, for gallant conduct while witli the 'M .Michi^fan Cavalry. Second, by Major General Stanley, Chief of Cavalry, and Geneial Ko-secraiib in tlie spring of 1863. Third, by General Rosecrans in his ofiicial report in tiie auiumn of 1803. Fourth, by Generals Stanley, Thomas, and Elliott, in the spring of 1864, and fifth, by 676 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Generals Kilpatrick and Sherman for gallant conduct during the late campaign. The Governor of Michigan with the two United States Senators, and all the Eepresentatives in Congress, have united in asking of the War Department a star for this successful and brilliant cavalry commander. His friends have ceased to look for justice to this truly- worthy officer. When this cruel war is over and history does justice to those that have fought, it will be seen how httle minds invested with temporary power, from motives of jeafousy so mean that they can hardly be believed, have withheld that which was due honest merit, while blustering pretence and worthless impudence have stolen honors due better men. Impartial history will do justice to the faithful soldier who has served his oountry and successfully led her armies during this her terrible struggle for life." The regiment, in command of Lieutenant Colonel B. F. Pritchard, remained at Gravelly Springs, Ala., during the month of February and part of March, 1865. During the early part of March preparations had been made for active service, and on the ll^th the command broke camp at 12 P. M., and reached Waterloo on the 13th, crossing the Tennessee river at Eastport, Miss. It remained there until the 22d, and then commenced its march southward, over mountains, crossing rivers and creeks and through swamps, building miles of corduroy road, reaching the Black Warrior river on the ^9th, and which was that day crossed by swmiming the horses, losing one man and between thirty and forty horses. During the night the Locust was crossed in the same man- ner. On the 31st the command crossed Shade's creek and the Oahawba river, passing the battery over tlie railroad bridge after it had been laid with ties, losing five or six mules and horses by their tumbling over the narrow bridge and falling nearly a hundred feet, killing them instantly. The brigade to which the regiment was attached being in the rear of its division, the "^Jd, the 4th division having the advance became engaged with Forrest's command, and had a sharp tight on the 1st of April near Mulberry creek, capturing three pitces of artillery. On the same day the regiment, with its brigade, crossed ilie Big Mulberry and about midnight encamped at Plantersville. On the 2d, the brigade being in the advance, started at 4 o'clock A. M. on the direct road to Selma, distant about 20 miles, reaching the fortifications in front of that place at 2 P. M. on the same day. They were found to be stronger and more perfect than those at Atlanta, consisting of an inner line of redans and re- doubts, mounted with 12-pounder howitzers and 20-pounder Parrots. The main and outer line, which extended entirely around the city from river to nver, consisted of twenty-five redoubts or bastions connected by curtains, the paiiijiet being about twelve feet high and surrounded by a ditch and well built ])aii^ade, in front of which was swampy ground partially covered with abatis. Thcfcc works were defended by General Forrest, with a force estimated at nine tliousand. Tlie 2d division, in which was the 4th Michigan, was ordered to assault the works on the Summerville road and the 4th division those on the Plantersville road. About the time the assault was to take place the rear of the 2d division was attacked by Chalmei"'s division of rebel cavalry. The 3d Ohio and 72d Lidiana, with a portion of the 98th Illinois, were immediately detached to hold them in check, leaving in the 2d division only about 1,483 men to make the atsault. It however moved forward under a terrific fire, going at the work with a cheer, and had possession of the main line in twenty minutes, iusiiig m that brief space of time 324 in killed and wounded. General Long, commanding the division, had been shot in the head shortly after the division moved to the assault. Colonel Minty, of the 4th Michigan, assuming command, leading the division in the assault, and is reported to have been the first man to get mside the works alive; Corporal Booth, Comjjany A, 4th Ohio Cavalry, being killed as he entered tiie works just ahead of Colonel Minty. i MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. (577 The rebels were soon swept from the main line of works, and then the inner line of redans was carried in detail by assault, and possession had been gained of the entire inner line when the 4th division reached the outer works. The result of tills gallant affair was the capture of the city with twenty-five pieces of artillery in position besides seventy-five pieces in the navy-yard, with a large amount of ammunition and stores, together with other property, and twenty- eight hundred prisoners. The regiment, still in command of Colonel Pritchard, remained at Sclrna until the morning of the 7th, assisting in building pontoons, when the division crossed the Alabama river. On the night of the 12r,h it crossed Big Swamp creek on pontoons, built from the planks of a house which had been pulled down for that purpose. Proceeding onward the city of Montgomery was reached, and peaceably taken possession of by the 1st division. The reo-iment, with its brigade, marched through Columbus on the 17th, which had been assaulted and taken by the 4th division on the previous night. Pushino- for- ward towards Flint River with a view to saving the double bridges on the Macon road, marching all night it reached there a^ 6 A. M. on the I8th, where a gallant sabre charge was made by one battalion of the 4th Miciiigan, in com- mand of Captain Charles T. Hudson, carrying the bridges, and taking prisoner every man of the rebel battalion svhich had been left to destroy them, includ- ing two majors and nine other commissioned officers. On the ^Uth, the 2d division, to which the regiment was attached being in the advance, after marching 27 miles found the enemy and drove him rapidly for eighteen miles. At about 6 P. M. the advance regiment entered Macon at the gallop, surprising a battalion of rebel cavalry, and receiving the uncon- ditional surrender of Major General Howell Cobb, with his entire force, con- sisting of five geueial officers, three hundred and seventy-four other commis- sioned officers, and nineteen hundred and ninety-four men, with sixty-two pieces of artillery, together with large and important arsenals, foundries, and machine shops. At that point the notice of the surrender of the rebel armies having been received, the further progress of the command was terminated. Major General Wilson, commanding, in his congratulatory order, under date of Selma, Ala., April 7th, 1865, says of the 2d division, to which the 4th Michigan belonged : "Selma lay before you, surrounded by two lines of intrenchments, the outer one con- tinuous, flanked by impassable swamps, covered by stockades, and defended by seven thous^and tioops, under the command of Lieutenant General Forrest. Like an avalanche the hitrepid soldiers of the 2d division swept over the defenses on the Summerville road, while the 4th division carried those on the Plantersvillo road. The enemy, astonished and disheartened, broke from their strong works, and Selma was /air/y iron. The enemy, under Chalmers, attempted to drive in the 2d division picket line during the battle, and go to the rescue of the rebel garrison, but their efforts were futile and tliey were compelled to retreat rapidly beyond the Cahawba. " "Soldiers, you have been called upon to perform long marches and endure privations, but your general relied upon and believed in your capacity and courage to undergo every task imposed upon you. Trusting in your valor, discipline, and armament, he did not hesitate to attack intrenchments believed by the rebel leaders to be impregnable, and wliich might well have caused double your numbers of veteran infantry to hesitate. Your achievements will always be considered among the most remarkable In the annalB of cavalry." Colonel Minty, in his report of the part taken by his brigade in the assault and capture of belma, says: 678 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. " On the night of the 31st of March, I was encamped ten miles north of Montevallo, and on the night of the 1st of April I camped at Plantersviile, having marched 45 miles on that day. "On the morning of the 2d I marched at 6 o'clock, taking the advance at the main Selma road. The 3d Ohio was my advance regiment. It easily drove what small force we met without delaying the column for a moment. About six miles from Selma I turned to the right, taking a cross road which led to the Summerville road. At about 3 P. M. I found myself in front of the works around Selma. In accordance with orders from Brig- adier General Long I sent the 3d Ohio to the right and rear to cover led horses and pack mules. The other three regiments, 4th Ohio, 7th Pennsylvania, and 4th Michigan, were dismounted and foi-raed a line about half a mile from the works. A strong skirmish Una was pushed forward a few hundred yards in advance and was immediately engaged with the enemj^'s skirmishers. "At about 4 P. M., Major General Wilson, accompanied by Brigadier General Long, came forward to my skirmish line. After examining the ground for a few moments Gen- eral Wilson ordered an assault. The 1st brigade was now moved to my right, and my skirmishers from that direction were drawn in. By direction of General Long I left one regiment, the 4th Michigan, to support the Chicago Board of Trade Battery. The 3d Ohio was still protecting the led animals, and was at this time skirmishing with Chal- mer's advance. This left me but two regiments for the assault, numbering in all 33 officers and 671 men. At about 5 P. M. the order was given to advance. The men moved for- ward with enthusiasm and in pefect line until their left struck a swamp in which they were almost knee deep. This threw the right considerably in advance. The left of the 1st brigade came forward in the same manner, and as I afterwards learned, from the same cause, ' swamp in front of the outer flank.' Thus the right of the 4th Ohio and left of the 123d Illinois gained the works first, the flanks sweeping forward as if the movement had been that of individual echelon. Corporal Booth of A company, 4th Ohio, was the first man inside the works. He was almost immediately afterwards shot through the head. "The works at the point of assault consisted of a breastwork or parapet fiom six to eight feet high, with a ditch about five feet wide along the entire line. After entering the works we pushed up the line to the left, cleaning the rebels out of the bastions, in which we captured a considerable amount of artillery, until we arrived opposite the fort, near the cotton gin, which formed a portion of the inner line of works. This was immediately assaulted and carried. Three field pieces were captured in this work. Here we again turned to the left and attacked and carried the works on the Plantersviile road, capturing five pieces of artLUery, one of them a thirty-pounder Parrott. At this point I collected and re-formed my command, and about IIP. M. bivouacked between the hues of works. As before stated, the total number engaged in the assault was thiity-three officers and six hundred and seventy-one men. Of these nine officers and one hundred and fourteen men were killed and wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Dobb, commanding 4th Ohio, was, I regret to say, killed, and Colonel McCormick, commanding 7th Pennsylvania, severely wounded. "Each officer and soldier performed his duty weU and nobly, and it is, therefore, diffi- cult for me to make special mention of any. " Major Burns, 4th Michigan Cavalry, my Acting Assistant Ad jutant General, was among the first to enter the works, and acted in the most gallant manner throughout the entire action. " In a subsequent report, dated May 14th, 1865, to the commanding general, he says : " Major Burns, 4th Michigan Cavalry, my A. A. A. G., formed and brought forward the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry to the assault; was among the first to enter the enemy's works, and afterwards took part in the charge made by the 4th United States Cavalry. ************ " This officer has been under my immediate command for nearly three years, and has invariably performed his duty with energy and zeal, and has distinguished himself in bat- tle on many occasions. * ******** "Where all did tlieir duty so well, the man who distinguished hunself above his com- rades in arms was brave among the brave." On the 7th of May, 1865, Lieutenant Colonel Pritchard was directed by Col- onel Mmty to proceed with the regiment as rapidly as possible to Spaulding, in Irwin Co., and picket the Ocmulgee river from Hawkinsville to the mouth MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 679 of the Oconee river, for the purpose of preventing the escape of Jefferson Davis, who was then supposed to be making his way to the Aihintic coast, and if he got on his track to follow him wherever he went, and to capture or kill him without fail. At Abbyville he became satisfied that Davis had already crossed the Ocmul- gee, and ascertained that the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry was following him closely in the direction of Irwinsville. With 153 of the best mounted men of the reg- iment he folluwed the line of the Ocniulgee for some miles, and then took a bridle path or blind road through the woods towards Irwinsville, and arrived at that place about 2 o'clock A. M. on the 10th, and found that Davis had not yet passed. Pretending to be a part of his escort, Colonel Pritchard gained information from a rebel citizen that Davis was encamped in the woods about three-fourths of a mile north of the town. The camp was at once surrounded, and at about 3 o'clock A. M. the force closed in and captured him and his party. Davis attempted to escape disguised in his wife's traveling cloak, with a shawl thrown over his head. *' Weave him a mantle of burning shame. Stamp on his forehead that dreadful name, Which deeds like his inscribe in blood, — A traitor to man! a traitor to God! "Plait him a crown of the flower that comes In the ashes that lie o'er burned homes! Let his sceptre be the smoking brand Which his iiat sent throughout the land!" Keport of Colonel Pritchard to the Secretary of War, covering the pursuit and capture of Davis : Headquarteks 4th Mich. Oav't Detachment, [ Washington, D, C, May 25, 1865. ] Hon. E. M. Stanton, Sec'y of War, Washington, D. C: Sib. — I have the honor to report that in obedience to orders received from Colonel R. H. G. Minty, commanding division, I left Macon, Ga., at 8 o'clock P. M. on the 7th inst., in command of the 4th Michigan Cavalry, with a numerical strength of 419 men and 20 officers, with directions to move down the south bank of the Ocmulgee river from 75 to 100 miles; to take possession of all the ferries below Hawkinsville; picket the river as far as the strength of my regiment would permit, and to scout the country on both sides of the river for the purpose of capturing Jeff. Davis and party, who was reported to have left Washington, Ga., on the morning of the 4th inst., traveling southwestward with an intention of crossing the Ocmulgee at some point between Hawkinsville and Jacksonville, or to capture any other government parties who might be fleeuig from Riclimond in that direction. I marched the command all night and until 8 o'clock A. M. of the 8th inst., having marched thirty-six miles, when I halted live hours, rested and fed my command. Moving on again at 1 o'clock P. M., I marched fifteen miles further and encamped for the night three miles below Hawkinsville, having marched 51 niilt's inside of 24 hours, includ- ing all halts. At 4 o'clock A. M. of the 9th inst., I moved my command out in the direc- tion of Abbyville, whifh place I reached at 3 o'clock P. M., and where I discovered the first traces of the object of our search. Hero I learned that a train of twelve wagons and two ambulances had crossed tlie Ocmulgee river at Brown's ferry, li miles above Abby- ville, about 12 o'clock on the previous night; had stopped at Abbyville long enough to feed their animals, and moved on again before daylight in the direction of Irwinsville. I here met Lieutenant Colonel Harnden, of the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, who informed me that he, vvitli a force of 70 men was following on the track of the train, and that his men were lioni one to two hours in advance, and as Colonel H. said he iuui ample force to contend witii lliat supposed to be with the train, I decided not to move on the same road with him, and continued my course three miles further down the river, where I learned additional facts regarding the character of the train and the parties with it, which con- vinced me that it belonged to some of the parties for whom we were looking, and at onco 680 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. determined to pursue by another road which I had also learned of after leaving Colonel H., which led into Irwinsville by a circuitous route, believing that if they were hard pressed at any time they would pass from road to road to baffle the efforts of their pursu- ers, and as they were reported as doiut;: before crossing the river. Accordingly I ordered a detail of 128 men and 7 officers (besides myself), of the best mounted men in the com- mand, leaving the rest of the regiment under command of Captain Hathaway, directing him to picket the river, scout the country etc., in accordance with former orders. At 4 o'clock I put the column in motion, moving down the river road a distance of 12 miles to a point known as Wilcox's Mills. Thence by a blind woods road, through an almost unbroken waste of pine forest for a distance of 18 miles in a southwesterly direc- tion to Irwinsville, which was reached about 1 o'clock on the morning of the lUth inst. Here passmg my command as Confederate, and inquiring for 'our train,' representing that we were a rear guard left to fight back the Yankees, etc., I learned from the inhabitants that a train and party meeting the description of the one reported to me at Abbyville had encamped about dark, the night previous, about IJ miles out on the Abbyville road. I at once turned the bead of my column in that direction, impressing a negro for a guide. After moving to within 1^ miles of camp I halted under cover of a slight eminence, dis- mounted 25 men and sent them, under command of Lieutenant Purinton, to make the circuit of the camp and gain a position in its rear, and thus cut off all possibility of escape, and with special directions to execute the movement if possible without discovery, but if discov- ered and an alarm was raised, I would immediately charge the camp from the front, when he was to operate with his command from any point which he might occupy. That if no alarm was raised I should consider that he had gained the position directed, where he was to rest until I should commence the attack from the front. I had not decided at this time whether to move upon the camp at once or to wait until daylight; but, upon further con- sideration, decided to delay it, as it was now alter 2 o'clock in the morning, the moon was getting low, and the deep shadows of the forest were falling heavily, rendering it easy for persons to escape undiscovered to the woods and swamps in the darkness. After waitmg an hour or more, and just as the earliest dawn appeared, I put the column in motion and was enabled to approach within four or five rods of the camp undiscovered, when a dash was ordered, and in an instant the whole camp, with its inmates, was ours. A chain of mounted guards was immediately thrown around the camp, and dismounted sentries placed at the tents and wagons. The surprise was so complete, and the move- ment so sudden, that none of the enemy were able to make the slightest defense, or even arouse from their slumbers in time to grasp their weapons which were lying by their sides before they were wholly in our power, "At this moment a new scene opened, destined in its mournful results to cloud the otherwise perfect and glorious success of our expedition. We had held possession of the camp but a few minutes, and not long enough to ascertain the extent of our capture, when sharp firing was commenced between the dismounted force under Lieutenant Purinton and what was supposed at the time to be the rebel force guarding the train. The firing was about 100 rods in rear of the camp, and across a narrow swamp. I immediately ordered all my forces to the scene of the firing, leaving only sufficient to guard the camp and prisoners. On arriving upon the ground I found my men engaging a force of dis- mounted men, who were concealed behind trees, etc. I at once formed my men in Une, dismounted them, threw out a line of skirmishers who were advancing handsomely, when I became apprehensive that we were contending with some of our own men, from the determination displayed on their part and the peculiar report of their fire-arms. I ordered my men at once to cease firing, and rode over toward our opponents and hallooed to' them, asking who they were, and received the reply, ' 1st Wisconsin.' This mistake was not discovered untilit cost the lives of two men killed and a lieutenant severely wounded in the 4th Michigan, and three men severely and several slightly wounded in the 1st Wisconsin. This lamentable accident arose principally from the refusal of the sergeant in charge of the advance guard of the 1st Wisconsin to give a proper response to the challenge of Lieutenant Purinton, and partially from the over zeal of both parties, each supposing they had met the enemy, and it was yet so dark in the woods that it was impossible to distinguish the uniforms of the men. As soon as the firing had ceased, I returned to camp and took an inventory of our cap- ture, when I ascertained that we had captured Jeff. Davis, his wife, and four children, John H. Reagan, his postmaster general. Colonels Johnson and Lubbock, A. D. C.'s to Dayis, Burton N. Harrison, his private secretary. Major Maurand, Captain Moody, Lieu- tenant Hathaway, Jeff. D. Howell, midshipman in tiie rebel navy, and 13 private soldiers, besides Miss Maggie Howell, sister of Mrs. Davis, two waiting maids (one white and one colored), and several servants. We also captured 5 negroes, 3 ambulances, about 15 horses, and from 25 to 30 mules. The train was mostly loaded with couuuissary stores MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 681 and private baggage of the pai-ty. Upon returning to camp I was accosted by Davis from among the prisoners, who aslvcd if I was the officer in command. Upon assuring him that I was, and asking whom I was to call him, he replied that I might call him 'what or whoever I pleased,' when I replied that I would call him Davis, and, after a moment's hesitation, he said that was his name. He suddenly drew himself up in true royal dig- nity and exclaimed: ' I suppose that you consider it bravery to charge a train of defense- less women and children, but it is theft; it is vandalism.' "After allowing the prisoners time to prepare breakfast, I mounted them on their own horses, taking one of the ambulances for my wounded and one of the wagons for the dead, using the other two ambulances for the conveyance of the women and children, and started on my return by the direct route to Abbyville, where I arrived at sunset of the same day. Here I halted for the night and called in the rest of my regiment from its duty along the river, and resumed my march toward Macon at an earlv hour on the morning of the 11th inst., after having buried our dead and performed the last solemn rites of the soldier over his fallen comrades, sending couriers In advance to announce the success of the expedition. " On the afternoon of the 11th, and when several miles below Hawklnsville, we met the rest of our brigade just coming out from Macon, and received from them the lirst knowl- edge of the President's proclamation, accompanied by General Wilson's order, offering a reward for the capture of Davis, etc. " Eetaining my independent command, I continued my march to Macon, where I arrived at 3 o'clock P. M. on the 13th inst. While yet on the march, and nine miles out of town, I received orders, by courier, to provide myself with a special detail of 3 ollleers and 20 men from my regiment and prepare to depart at once for Washington, as special escort for Davis and party; also to take 150 men to act as train guard as far as Atlanta. "I left Macon by special train at 7 o'clock on the evening of the 13th, under the direc- tion of Major General Wilson, having turned over all the private soldiers captuied with Davis and party except two, and received an accession of Clement C. Clay and wife. " Arriving at Atlanta at daylight on the morning of the 14th, I found a train and guard in readiness to convey and escort the party to Augusta, where we arrived at sunset of the same day, finding carriages and everything in readiness to convey us to the steamer Standish, lying four miles below the city. We arrived on board at 8 o'clock, when I received Alexander H. Stevens and Major General Wheeler and staff, and immediately sailed for Savannah, where we arrived at 1 o'clock A. M. on the 16th. "Reported to General Burge, and at 4 o'clock A. M. the steamer Emile was ordered along side, and the prisoners and guard were transferred on board, when she immediately steamed for Hilton Head. When opposite Fort Jackson we met the steamer Coit, with with General Gilmore on board, to whom I reported, and when we reached Savannah he telegraphed to Hilton Head for the steamer Clyde to be got in readiness at once to receive the prisoners and convey them to Washington. Upon our arrival wo found all things in readiness, and the transfer from the Emile to the Clyde took place immediately, and at 3 o'clock P. M. of the 16lh we put to sea, under convoy of the steam sloop-of-war Tuscarora. AiTiving off Fortress Monroe at noon of the 19th inst., I immediately proceeded to shore and telegraphed my arrival to the Adjutant General, and received orders in reply to anchor out and await further orders. At midnight of the same day I received further orders from yourself, saying that General Halleck would be there at noon on the '20th to arrange for the final disposition of the prisoners. We remained on board the ship until the 22d inst., disposing meanwhile of all the prisoners except Davis, Clay, and families, in obedience to orders from General Halleck, and as per receipts in my possession. On the afternoon of that day the prisoners, Davis and Clay, were transferred, under orders from the same source, to the casemates of Fortress Monroe, and turned over to Brevet Major General Miles, the 4th Michigan Cavaliy acting as special escort, after which it was temporarily assigned quarters witliin the fort. "On the afternoon of the 23d I received orders from the War Department, through General Miles, directing me to procure the disguise worn by Davis at the time of his cap- ture, and proceed to Washington and report to the Secretary of War. Accordingly I went over to the steamer Clyde and received from Mrs. Davis a lady's waterproof cloak or robe, which Mrs. Davis said was worn by Davis as a disguise at the time of his cap- ture, and which was identified by the men who saw It on him at the time. On the morning following the balance of the disguise was procured, which consisted of a shawl, which waa indentified, and admitted to be the one by .Mrs. Davis. These articles I brought to Wash- ington and turned them over to the Secretary of War. " This closes my account of the capture and custody, up to the time of his being tuniod over to the United States authorities, of the great conspirator and traitor Jefferson Davis. But I would not close this report without recording my evidence of the high merits due to every officer and soldier in the command for their earnest zeal and untiring i)or- 86 688 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. severance through many sleepless nights and long, weary marches, going entirely without food for forty-eight consecutive hours; and it is with great consolation that I am able to state that whatever efforts were put forth, either by individuals or by the command, for the capture of Davis, they were not called forth by the glitter of gold, or excited by prospective rewards, but were actuated solely by patriotism, and the highest sense of the soldier's duty, for no knowledge of the President's proclamation, or General Wilson's order, offering rewards for the capture of Davis, were received until two days after the capture. "It is indeed hard to individualize where all have done their whole duty, but still I would make special mention of those assigned to important duties, and who performed those duties well, among whom are Captain Hathaway, commanding that part of the reg- iment picketing the river; Captain Charles T. Hudson, in command of advance guard of fourteen picked men, and who led the column into the camp; Lieutenants Silas J. Stauber and Henry S. Boutelle, who were commanding fifty men each in detachments, the latter of whom was severely wounded whilst gallantly leading his men; Lieutenant A. B. Pur- inton, who had charge of dismounted men, making the circuit of the enemy's camp; Lieutenants Dickinson and Davis, for general duties as aids, and Bennett, commanding rear guard. All the above oflScers are entitled to the highest praise, and in my judgment deserve promotion. I would also mention the names of Corporals Hunger, of Company C, Crittenden, of Company E, together with privates James Buliard, Company C, Adrian Bee and Daniel Edwards, Company L, who were present at the halting of Davis, besides several others- whose names 1 did not obtain before leaving the regiment. In conclusion, at the request of the adjutant general that I should state in my report to whom, in my judgment, the reward offered by the government ought to be given, I would say that in view of all the facts I am convinced that to no one individual does it justly belong, for whilst one man might have been fortunate enough to have said ' halt' to Davis first, it was while he was yet within the regular line of sentries thrown around the camp, and while some man was doing this (of which there are several claimants), others were performing equally important duties in guarding, fighting, etc., and I feel that in no case should the reward be granted to a less number than the 128 men and 8 officers who were actually present at the time of Davis's capture, and I am inclined to the opinion that it should be distributed to the 419 men and 20 officers comprising the expedition ; and when I say this I believe I utter the wishes of a majority of the officers- and men. For the guidance of the department I recapitulate to the following extent, viz: speoiaij dstahi, pbeseni at oafxubb. 1 lieutenant colonel. 1 captain. i first Ueutenants. 2 second lieutenants. 128 inlisted men. PICKETING KIVER, SOOtTTINQ COUNTRY, ETC. 1 captain. 6 first lieutenants. 5 second lieutenants. 291 enlisted men. Total commissioned, 20. Total enlisted, 419. With these remarks, the whole is respectfully submitted, and I have the honor to sub- scribe myself, Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. D. PKITCHARD, Lieutenant Colonel 4th Michigan Cavalry. Copy of the original letter written with a pencil by Colonel Pritchard,. announcing the capture of Jefferson Davis: Headquaetebs 4th Michigan Cavalry, | Abbeville, Ga., May 11th, 1865. ) Captain Scott, A. A. A. (?., 2d Division, C. C. M. D. M.: Sir, —I liave the honor to report that at daylight yesterday, at Irwinsville, I surprised, and captured Jeff. Davis and family, together with his wife's sister and brother, his post- MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 683 master general (Reagan), his private secretaiy (Colonel Harrison), Colonel Johnson, A. D. C. on Jeff.'s staff, Colonel Morris, Colonel Lubbock, Lieutenant Hathaway, also several unimportant names, and a train of five wagons and three ambulances, making a most perfect success, had not a most painful mistake occurred by which tlif 4tli Michitran and 1st Wisconsin collided, which cost us two men killed and Lifutenant Boutflle wounded through the arm, in the 4th Michigan, and three men wounded in the 1st Wis- consin. This occurred just at daylight, after we had captured the camp, by the advance of the 1st Wisconsin not properly answering our challenge, by which they were mistaken for tiie enemy. I returned to this point last niglit, and shall move right on to Macoa without awaiting orders from you as directed, feeling that the whole objects of the expe- dition are accomplished. It will take at least three days to reach Macon, as we are 75 miles out and our stock is much wearied. I hope to reach Hawkinsville to-night. I have the honor, sir, to be, very respectfully, your obudienl servant, B. D. PRITCHARD, LietUenant Colonel 4th Michigan. The following are the names of the officers and men of the regiinuiit who were present at the capture of Davis and party on the morning of the 10th of May, 1865: Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin D. Pritchard, commanding. Julian Q. Dickinson, adju- tant. Perry J. Davis, quartermaster. Charles T. Hudson, captain Compuiiy E. Henry S. Boutelle, first Ueutenant Company C. Silas J. Stauber, first lieutenant Company G. Alfred B. Purinton, second lieutenant Company I. John Bennett, second lieutenant Company B. Company A — Sergeants Thomas Davis, Thomas Eiley, George A. Simmons, Rezin Wright. Corporals Darwin Dunning, Robert L. Reynolds, Lyman J. Russell. Privates William Balon, Daniel C. Blinn, Gilbert Coata, James Fullertou, Casper Enable, Philo Morse, Charles W. Nichols, Henry Provost, George Rinke. Company B— Sergeants A. A. Braley, E. A. Ford. Corporals B. B. Bennett, William Crow, C. F. Parker, J. F. Sherburne, U. B. Tuttle. Privates Augustus Armsirong, J. A. Boutelle, Frank Crim, John Nichols, A. L. Shepherd, W. P. Steadman, William V. Wood, L. H. Willcox. Company C — Corporals David J. Curry, George M. Munger, Reuben Palmerton, Abrara Sebring. Privates James F. BuUard, David Dillon, Frank C. Leach, James H. Lynch, Steplien B. Munson (killed), Rensselaer Riggs, John Rupert, Harmon Stevens, WiUiam J. Smith. Company D — Corporal James H. Place. Privates John Brown, Thomas Hunter, Burt Judson, Horace C. Jenney, William H. J. Martin, Jacob E. Munn, William Parker, Fran- cis E. Thompson, Z. H. Wilcox. Company E — Sergeants George A. BuUard, David B. Green. Corporals Dewltt C. Carr, William H. Crittenden, John Hlnes, (killed), Charles W. Tyler. Privates Silas Bul- lard, George F. Delmange, WLUlam F. Drlesmau, Henry Johnson, Robert G. Tripp, John G. Stevens, Peter Lagorney, Oscar E. Tefft. Company F — Sergeant John Correnton. Corporals DeWltt C. Cobb, William F. True. Privates Joseph Bellinger, Henry Bradock, Dennis Drescoe, Henry Tricky, John F. Grossman, Ira Harrington, Jr., Homer Hazelton, B. Franklin Nichols, James Patterson, George Raab, William Wright. Company G— Sergeants John Cavanaugh, Jeremiah H. Craig, Jacob N. Frash, James F. O'Brien, William H. Palmeteer. Corporals John Ballou, George Myers, Leander B. Shaw, George W. VanSyckle. Privates Daniel Graham, David Cunningham, Joslma Parks, Cary Reed, John A. Skinner, Joseph Odrln. Company I— Sergeants Lester P. Bates, Elias F. Pierce. Corporals Preston W. Brown, Jerome B. Heath. Privates George W. Rodwell, Martm L. Brown, George M. Dutchor, William Dill, Charles Flugger, Daniel E. Krunim, Patrick McKennedy, Charles W. Mid- daugh, Hiram McCullough, Martin R. Pettit, Luke M. Thayer. Company K— Sergeant Ansel Adams. Corporal Alonzo Moe. Privates Thomas Foiley, Decatur Jaycox, John H. Kelch, Edwin Mable, Smith B. Mills. James R. Norton, Jacob D. Newlth, John Nelson, Enoch L. Rhodes, Nathaniel Root. Company L— Sergeants Benjamin K. Coif, Joseph Hoffmaster. Corporals Charles 0. Marsh, William Oliver. Privates Andrew Bee, Benjamin F. Carpenter, Daniel Edwards, E. Lane, J. W. Llndsley, William Munn, WilUam Newkirk, George Noggle, Perry Phelps, Jesse J. Penfield, Joseph Stewart. Company M—Flrst Sergeant Wesley D. Pond. Corporals Simeon Huff, Henry Shan- ahan. Privates Andrew Anderson, Robert Arnold, Emanuel Beazan, John Vautyle. 684 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. A commission was appointed by the War Department, which decided that the 4th Michigan cavalry was entitled to the reward for the capture of Davis, and directed how it should be distributed. But when the appropriation came before Congress a claim was set up by the 1st Wisconsin cavalry, which deferred the passage of the bill from time to time until the close of the session, July, 1868, when the bill authorizing the expenditure was finally passed. The claim of the 4th Michigan was ably advocated by the Michigan delegation, but the matter was so managed by Congress that the award of the commission, so far as the money in question was concerned, was set aside and the amount distributed as follows: General Wilson, commanding U. S. cavalry in that region of country, 83,000; Lieutenant Colonel Pritchard, 4th Michigan, $3,000; Colonel Harnden, 1st Wisconsin cavalry, 13,000; Captain Joseph A. Yoeman, 1st Ohio cavalry, $3,000. The remainder of the $1*0, 000 was dis- tributed equally to the members of these organizations then with the expedi- tion. The 4th gained a national reputation and a world-wide notoriety by the capture of Davis. It was the accomplishment of an eminently siiecial and important duty, for the nation, so distinctive and definite in its character, as to render a like service impossible, giving it a place in the history of Uie war without a parallel. The camp in which Davis and his family were found was pleasantly situated, surrounded by a thick pine forest, close to a small swamp, and not far from a running brook, affording healthful refreshment for the weary fugitives who rested near its banks. In the camp were standing three wall tents in line, parallel with the road, and facing in the opposite direction, while the nanow space between the tents and it was occupied by several horses, without equip- ments. Still beyond and in advance of this line of tenls was a small lent, pitched against a large tree. In this cluster of tents, reposing all unconscious of the impending danger, lay Davis and his family, together with his militaiy staff. Near by was the rest of the camp, and what seemed to be troops, with army wagons, ambulances, horses, and cavalry equipments. The regiment charged into camp just at early dawn, completely surprising them, and made the arrest. A few guarded the tents, wliile the main force was called off by an unfortunate collision between a portion of. the force and the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, which had been mistaken for the enemy while advancing on tlie camp. The prisoners were then secured, and apparently resigned to their fate. They seemed cheerful, and chatted pleasantly here and there with the soldiers. The camp was soon broken up, and after a brief rest and breakfast tlie male prisoners were mounted on their own horses, Mis. Davis, family, and servants were placed in the ambulances, Mr. Davis politely assisting the ladies. On the march to Macon Davis talked but little to any of the command, his requests being made througli the medium of his staff. While in camp at night he was very securely guanled, and no possible opportunity presented for his escape. Once Colonel Lubbock, of his staff, requested that Mr. Davis be per- mitted to occu])y a house during the night outside the camp, but Colonel Pritchard, suspecting at once that it was to afford an opportunity for Davis to escape, sent an otiicer to inform him that sucli requests must not be repeated. A soldier of the regiment immediately after euLoring camp on the morning of the capture, seeing a fine horse saddled and bridled, with holsters and MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. G85 valise, and held by a black man in front of one of the tents, at once rode up and secured the animal. This proved to be Davis's well trained and fleetest saddle horse, wliich this soldier, being in Richmond when the war broke out, claimed to recogni/.e. At all events he was no doubt held in readiness at the time, and probably at all times while on the march, for the escape of the great Confederate. This soldier took charge of and rode the horse to Macon, and while on the way approached Davis and said : *'Mr. Davis, you won't need this horse any more, hadn't you better give him to me?" Colonel Johnston of Davis's staff being near, rode up in great haste, and in much passion hurriedly and imper- tinently said : ** Hov) dare you insult the President in this manner ?" " Pres- ident!" said the soldier, most coutempuously, " H 1! what's he President of?" After arriving in camp at Macon, this soldier accidentally, as he claimed, shot the horse, but the impression prevailed in the regiment that it was inten- tional, having ascertained that he would not be allowed to retain him as his own. On arriving at Macon, Colonel Pritchard, Captain Hudson, Lieutenant Stauber, and Lieutenant Purinton, with 22 men, were detailed to escort Davis to Washington, D. C. Pritchard proceeded with his charge via Atlanta and Augusta to Savannah, thence by steamer Clyde to Fortress iMonroe, where he received orders from the War Department through General Halleck, who was present, to deliver Davis to Major General Miles, and he was accordingly trans- ferred, on May 22d, from the steamer to the casemates of the fortress. The imprisonment of Davis was specially in charge of General Miles, under whose orders it was carried into effect, while the details of the duty con- nected with it were directed by Colonel N. Church of the 26th Michigan Infantry, his Assistant Adjutant General, who, together with Major Charles E. Grisson, of the same regiment, were retained in service for that duty by special authority of the War Department after the regiment to which they belonged had been mustered out of service. The regiment remained at Macon until the 21st, when it was started en route for home, feeling that in the capture of Jeff. Davis it had indeed finished its work. It passed Lovejoy's Station, where nearly twelve months before it had, during the Kilpatrick raid, made its bloody charge; thence it passed Atlanta, Marietta, Kenesaw, Big Shanty, Noonday Creek, Altoona, Kingston, Dalton, Chickamauga, ^'^^^ttanooga, Tullahoma, Shelbyville, Murfreesboro, Stone Kiver, and on the 17th of June reached Nashville. At all of these points it had been previously engaged with the enemy. On the 1st of July the regiment was mustered out of service and paid off at Nasiu'ille, and in command of Colonel Pritchard immediately proceeded, via Louisville, to Detroit, arriving thereon the 10th of July. During its term of service it had engaged the enemy at Stamford, Ky., October 14, 1802; Gallatin, Tenn., November 8, 1802; Ix'banon, Ti'un., November 9, 1802; Rural Hill, Tenn., ISuvcmber 15, lh02; liaird's Mill, Tenn., November 30, 1802; Hollow Tree Gap, Tenn., December 4, 1802; Wil- son's Creek Road, Tenn., December 11, 1802; Franklin, Tenn., December 12, 1802; Rural Hill, Tenn., December 20, 1802; Wilson's Creek, Tenn., Decem- ber 21, 1862; Lavergne, Tenn., December 20, 1862; Jefferson's Bridge, Tenn., December 27, 1862; Nashville Pike, Tenn., December 30, 1802; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1802; Lavergne, Tenn., January 1, 1863; Manchester €86 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Pike, Tenn., January 5, 1863; Harpeth River, Tenn., January 12, 1863; Cumberland Shoals, Tenn., January 13, 1863; Bradyville, Tenn., January 21, 1863; Woodbury, Tenn., January 22, 1863; Rover, Tenn., January 31, f863 ; Charlotte, Tenn., February 6, 1863; Rover, Tenu., February 13, 1863; Auburn, Tenn., February 19, 1863; Liberty, Tenn., February 20, 1863; Unionville, Tenn., March 4, 1863; Thompson's Station, Tenn., A^irch 9, 1863; Rutherford Creek, Tenn., March 10, 1863; Uuck River, Tenn., March 11, 1863; Prosperity Church, Tenn., April 2, 1863; Snow Hill, Tenn., April 4, 1865; McMinnville, Tenn., April 21, 1863; Liberty, Tenn., April 3, 1863; Statesville, Tenn., April 22. 1863; Alexandria, Tenn., April 23. 1863; War- trace, Tenn., April 29, 1863; Middletown, -Tenu., May 22, 1863; Wartrace, Tenn., June 3, 1863 ; Versailles, Tenn., June 10, 1863 ; Cherry Valley, Tenn., June 16, 1863 ; Shelbyville, Tenn., June 27, 1863; Hickory Creek, Tenn., July 4, 1863; Tullahoma, Tenu., Julv 5, 1863; Rock island, Tenn., August 2, 1863 ; Sparta, Tenn., August 9, 1863; Sperry's Mill, Tenn., August 17, 1863; Smith's Cross Roads, Tenn., August21, 1863; Reed's Bridge, Ga., Sep- tember 18, 1863; Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 20, 21, 1863; Rossville, Ga., September 22, 1863; Cotton Port, Tenn., September 30, 1863; Smith's Cross Roads, Tenn., October 1, 1863; Hill Creek, Tenn., October 3, 1863; McMinnville, Tenn., October 4, 1863; Chattanooga, Tenn., November 17, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Cleveland, Tenu., December 12, 1863; Tunnel Hill, Ga., January 28, 1864; Farmer's Bridge, Ga., May 15, 1864; Aruu^pl Creek, Ga., May 16, 1864; Kingston, Ga., May 18, 1864; Dal- las, Ga., May 24, 1864; Villa Rica, Ga., May 26, 1864; Lost Mountain, Ga., May 27, 1864; Big Shanty, Ga., June 9, 1864; McAffee's X Roads, Ga., June 11, 1864; Noonday Creek, Ga., June 19, 1864; Lattimer's Mills, Ga., June 20, 1864; Noonday Creek, Ga,, June 23, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864; Rosswell, Ga., July 4, 1864; I^banon Mills, Ga., July 14, 1864; Stone Mountain, Ga., July 18, 1864; Covington, Ga., July 22, 1864; Flat Rock, Ga., July 27, 28, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., August 1 to 14, 1864; Fair Oaks, Ga., August 19, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., August 19, 1864; Lovejoy's Station, Ga., August 20, 1864; McDonough's, Ga., August 20, 1864; Rosswell, Ga., September 26, 1864; Sweet Water, Ga., October 2, 1864; Moses Creek, Ga., Octobers, 1864; Lost Mountain, Ga., October 5, 1864; New Hope Church, Ga., October 7, 1864; Stilesboro, Ga., October 11, 1864; Rome, Ga., October 12, 1864; Blue Pond, Ga., October 21, 1864; Selma, Ala., April 2, 1865; Double Bridges, Ga., April 18, 1865; Macon, Ga., April 20, 1865; capture of Jeff. Davis, Ga., May 10, 1865. It had borne on its rolls 93 commissioned officers and 2,124 enlisted men, and lost 1 ofi&cer and 81 men killed in action, 2 officers and 13 men died of wounds received in action, 1 officer and 327 men died of disease. Total, 375. " Where hearts like thine have brolie or bled, Though quenched the vital glow, Their memory lights a flame, instead, Wliich, ev'n from out the narrow bed Of death its beams shall throw. Thou art not dead -thou art not dead!" NoTKs. — The history of this regiment will be found the most complete in this compilation and is attributable to the great care taken by Colonel Minty, the result of valuable early military training, in having made out and transmitted to the adjutant general of the State, duplicates of all monthly returns, containing a history of the operations of the regiment during its entire sei-vice, togetlier witli special reports on the same subject, and MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 687 Including all the reports of Colonel Minty coverinf; the services of his bri^rade, to which the regiment belonged. Great credit is also due to Adjutants Levi T. GriflSn and Julian J. Dickenson, for their laborious and most successful efforts In keeping and writing up the account of the ser- vices of the regiment, without which much valuable history would have been lost. It is but justice to them to state that their regimental reports, including this history, are the most correct and complete of any regiment In the war, from this State. On the 20th of %pril, 1865, the 2d division, to which the regiment was attached being In the advance after marching twenty-seven miles, found the enemy, and driving him rapidly for eighteen miles, at about 6 P. M. the advance regiment entered Macon at the gallop, surprising a battalion of rebel cavalry and receiving the unconditional suirender of Major General Howell Cobb, with his entire force, consisting of Ave general offlceis, three hun- dred and seventy-four other commissioned ofBcers, and nineteen hundred and ninety-four men, with sixty-two pieces of artillery, together with large and Important arsenals, foun- dries, and machine shops. Soon after the arrival of the 4th at Macon, information was received through negroes that on the approach of the dreaded Yankee, guns had been hurriedly buried in the small- pox cemetery. Search was made under the direction of Colonel Minty by the members of the regiment who did not fear the infectious disease nor anything else, the grave was found marked small-pox, and on opening it four guns were discovered and duly disin- terred, neither of them showing the least of that much feared disease. They consisted of two bronze rifles and two brass howitzers weighing 150 pounds each. They were dis- tributed to several regiments, the 4th Michigan receiving one, which was given to the State by the regiment, and is now In the armory at Lansing. These guns were breech-loaders of beautiful manufacture, and were intended to com- pose a battery suitable for cavalry and available for transporting either on horses or in ■wagons. The gun was invented by Captain Travis, having before the war a great reputation as a pistol shot, and it is said that when the battery should be completed it would cost $164,- 000, probably in confederate scrip, however, and the battery was to be built by subscrip- tion, and when finished was Intended for presentation to General N. B. Forrest, the noted cavalry commander. It appears that Captain Travis was engaged In the completion of the battery when the war collapsed. It was named the " Stockton cannon " In honor of Commodore Stockton, U. S. Navy, ■who, most likely, was an old friend of Travis before the war. This small cannon was expected to be a most terrible engine of destruction, and before a board of survey at Mobile, a few months prior to the close of the war, the first gun finished was tested with a most satisfactory result. The sohd shot It throws is elongated, weighing two pounds, while it is said to be so constructed that it will throw any kind of a missile, and to be capable of throwing solid shot two miles, and can be loaded 21 times a minute. It is also said to be so arranged that cartridges containing musket balls may be hurled a great distance. The elegant workmanship on it and the fine material of which it is made do not warrant the most remote idea that It was manufactured in the rebel States during the war, but must have been imported. EIGHTH REGIMENT CAVALR^. "Uplift the flag; let not a star Be sundered from the field of blue! With fond lips kiss each sacred bar That runs our deathless emblem through." The rendezvous of the 8th Oavah-y was at Mount Clemens, and was recruited under the direction of Colonel John Stockton, who was authorized by the Sec- retary of War, with the sanction of the Governor, to raise the regiment. Its recruitment commenced in August, 1863, and was mustered into the U» S. service on May 2, 1863, having on the rolls 1,117 officers and enlisted men, and left the State by detachments in that month under orders for the field in Kentucky, the first detachment, composed of eight squadrons, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Wornier, leaving on the 12th of May. The ladies of Mount Clemens gave to the 8th a few days before it left a val- uable silk standard, with the name of the regiment finely written in gold. The presentation, on their behalf, was made by Robert P. Eldridge of that city, in a short but appropriate speech, to which Colonel John Stockton, commanding the regiment, replied. FIEIiD AND STAFF. John Stockton, Mt. Clemens, Colonel. Grover S. Wormer, Detroit, Lieutenant Colonel. Heniy C. Edgerly, Mt. Clemens, Edward Coates, Pontiac, and Elisha Mix, Maniius, Ma- jors, John B. K. Mignault, Mt. Clemens, Surgeon. Hiram M. Snell, Armada, and Charles G. Robertson, Waterford, Assistant Surgeons. Edward Fishpool, Chesterfield, Adjutant. John S. Smith, Armada, Quartermaster. Watson B. Smith, Detroit, Commis- sary. Benjamin F. Doughty, Sturgis, Chaplaui. COMPANIES. A. Captain, William L. Buck, Marshall. First Lieutenant, James A. Strong, Burling- ton. (Second Lieutenant, Erwin Ellis, Burlington. B. Captain, Miles Warren, Pontiac. First Lieutenant, Smedley Wilkinson, Quinoy. Second Lieutenant, Henry L. Sillick, Quincy. C. Captain, Fairfield Goodwin, East Bloomfield. First Lieutenant, Jerome B. Calkins, Holly. Second Lieutenant, Benjamin Treat, Waterford. D. Captain, Adolphus C. Stockton, Mt. Clemens. First Lieutenant, Arthur W. East- man, Mt. Clemens. Second Lieutenant, John W. Bennett, Mt. Clemens. E. Captain, Andrew J. Abbey, Borneo. First Lieutenant, Charles E. Greble, Almont. Second Lieutenant, Robert F. Allen, Plymouth. F. Captain, Samuel Wells, Prairie Ronde. First Lieutenant, John E. Babbitt, Allegan. Second Lieutenant, James M. Wells, Schoolcraft. G. Captain, John M. Crawford, Ray. First Lieutenant, Almiron P. Armstrong, Armada, Second Lieutenant, Milton Thompson, Ray. H. Captain, James A. Steele, St. Clair. First Lieutenant, Frederick S. Steele, St. Clair. Second Lieutenant, John H. Riggs, Detroit. I. Captain, Samuel H. Bleakman, Detroit. First Lieutenant, Robert B. Tubbs, Flint. Second Lieutenant, Wilham C. D. Lowrie, Detroit. (688) MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 689 K. Captain, William 0. Stockton, Mt. Clemens. Fii-st Lieutenant, John M. Balrd, Holly. Second Lieutenant, George Williams, Detroit. L. Captain, Charles 0. Lamb, Mt. Clemens. First Lieutenant, Nathan 8. Boynton, Cottrellviile. Second Lieutenant, Aaron L. Abbey, Armada. M. Captain, Elijah J. Devens, Coldwater. First Lieutenant, Darius Noteman, Cold- water. Second Lieutenant, Walter Bumtt, Coldwater. Leaving Covington, Kentucky, June 1st, the regiment, in command of Col- onel Stockton, who had joined it May 26th witli the 2d detachment, it went immediately into active service, moving to Hickman Bridge, then to Mt. Ster- ling, and participated in a skirmish with the enemy at Triplet's Bridge, June lUth, where it killed and made prisoners twenty of the enemy, capturing 90 horses. At Kentucky river captured, killed, and wounded 38, and took 40 horses; then at Salt river made six prisoners and took four horses. The regiment, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Wormer, following Mor- gan, he was overtaken at Lebanon on July oih and driven from the town, the Sth capturing 21 men and 6 horses. The pursuit was continued through Ken- tucky, Indiana, and Ohio, the regiment being engaged for sixteen days in the movement, overtaking Morgan at Buffington's Island Ford on July 19th, ■when it immediately, with other troops, attacked his forces, capturing 573 men, killing and wounding a large number, with a loss to the regiment of only three wounded. Twice the regiment marched during this chase forty-eight hours without halting to feed or rest but once. Following is the report of Colonel Wormer covering the march in detail : Headquabteks 8th Michigan CAVAiiBx, ) In the Field, July 20lh, 1663. J Colonel John Stockton, Sth Mich. Cavalry, Commanding Post at Hickman Bridge, Ky.: Colonel, — I have the honor to submit the following report of the marches, etc., of the Sth Michigan cavalry under my command, since leaving Hickman Bridge, Ky., July 4th, 1863, to this time. Receiving orders on the evening of July 4th, to make a forced march with my command to Lebanon, Ky., and there support the garrison threatened by John Morgan, I broke camp at 9 o'clock, P. M., pursuant to said orders. I ordered all tents and baggage left behind, and but two days' rations in haversacks. At 2 o'clock A. M. on the 5th I halted my command for two hours, four miles beyond Danville, having marched twenty-four miles. At this place I fell in with the 11th Michi- gan battery and 9th Michigan cavalry in command of Colonel James I. David, and he being the senier oflBcer I came under his orders. At Parksville I halted for feed and water, and was here ordered to follow the Sth cav- alry and 11th battery. We reached Lebanom at 2 o'clock P. M,, when the 11th battery immediately opened upon the rear guard of the enemy then leaving town on the Lexington Pike. My desire to charge into the town or cut off the enemy by a cross road not being concurred in by Col- onel David, they were permitted to escape without molestation, much to the disappoint- ment of my whole command. The 20th Kentucky Infantry, Colonel Hanson, had surrendered an hour before our arrival, afl.r a most gallant flglit against vastly superior numbers. The enemy had burned the railroad depot and station house with several private dwell* Ings, and pillaged the principal stores in the town. At 8 o'clock the same day I was ordered to countermarch with the 9th cavalry and 11th battery to Danville, which place we reached at 4 P. M. of the Gth, making tlio march without halt except for feed and water. At Danville Colonel W. P. Saunders, Sth Kentucky cavalry, took command of the whole force, the 8th and 9th Michigan cavalry constituting a brigade. At 12:3U A. M. on the 7th we took up our line of march lor Lawrenceburg, Ky., 43 miles distant from Danville. Halting at liairodsburg for breakfabt, we pushed ou, reaching Lawrenceburg at 4 o'clock P. M. From Lawrenceburg I sent out Lieutenant J. E. Babbitt with fifty men to scout between the Kentucky and Salt rivers. On the Salt river near Salvisa, Lleutenmit Babbitt came upon Captain Alexander's company, of Morgan's divibiun, and captured thiity, killing fourteen. 690 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. The command remained at Lawrenceberg r.waiting orders until 9 P. M. on the 11th Inst., when we took up our line of march for "Westport, via Eminence and Lagrange, reaching Westport at 12 o'clocli midnight, having marclied 73 miles over a very rough and hilly road, with but four hours' halt at Eminence for rest. At Westport, Charles Laturner, private Company G, was accidentally shot through the body, and was left at that place under proper care. Morgan having crossed the Ohio into Indiana, we took transports oji Sunday morning, the 12th inst., for Madison, Indiana, in order to cut him off, leaving behind Company I of my command, a portion of the 9th, with all our extra baggage, wagons, etc., in coujmaud of Colonel David, not having transportation sufficient for the entire command. At Madi- son we found that Morgan had got ahead of us, so we mqved on to Lawrenceburg, Ind., when Major Mix was sent to reconnoitre the enemy, learn his force, etc. He proceeded to Guilford, ten miles, and reported again in three hours to the entire satisfaction of Gen- eral Manson, commanding forces on the transports. From Lawrenceburg we moved on to Cincinnati, reaching that city at 5 P. M. on the 13th inst. At Cincinnati Major Edgerly was sent out with his battalion, by Colonel Saunders, on a scout, joining us again at Batavia on the 15th, having accomplished his mission with suc- cess. Lieutenant Babbitt was also sent ofit two miles from the city to guard a bridge. I have not heard from him since that time. At 4 o'clock P. M. Colonel Saunders with the balance of his command moved out to Evandale, three miles from the city, remaining there until 3: 30 P. M. of same day, when he received orders to join Brigadier General Hobson's command In pursuit of Morgan, which command we reached sixteen miles north of Cincinnati. From this time we con- tinued the pursuit with but short halts for feed and rest for our horses until Sunday morning, the 19th instant. After marching all the previous night we came upon the enemy at BuflQngton Island Ford, near Portland, Ohio, some 250 miles east of Cincinnati. On coming upon the enemy, the 2d and 7th Ohio Cavalry being in front were dismounted and deployed as sku-mishers. Our brigade then came up, when Colonel Saunders ordered the 11th Michigan Battery to open upon the rebels, and the 8th and 9th to charge. This was done with alacrity and spirit, when the enemy, already slowly retiring, took to flight in great disorder, strewing the ground over which they fled with the plunder accumulated by them all along their line of march. On reaching the woods I deployed Major Edgerly with his battalion to the right and Major Mix to the left. The pursuit was continued until I had driven them into a cat-hole in the woods and surrounded them with my regiment, when Colone-1 Springer, of Morgan's command, surrendered 573 prisoners with their horses and equipments, which I turned over to the provost marshal at Buffington Island Ford. Not any of my command were killed, and but two wounded, viz. : E. A. Keeler, Ser- geant Company A, and James Keed, Corporal Company A. First Sergeant G. Warner, Company A, received a severe wound in the leg by the accidental discharge of his pistol while on the march. I cannot speak in terms ef too strong praise of my command since breaking camp at Hickman. Dunng the long tedious march of 578 miles, which took sixteen days, much of the time right and day, and that with short rations, they have endured it as Michigan sol- diers through this ungodly war have always done, without complaint. With cheerfulness and alacrity have my oiders been responded to by both officers and men. I was obliged to leave sevei-al men along the line of march, either sick or worn out, some on account of their liorses giving out with no fresli ones to be procured at the time. Our arms, the Spencer rifle, proved as before, a terror to the rebels. They thought us in mucli stronger force than we were, when each man could pour seven shots into them so rapidly. This is the first instance during the war, I think, where the proportion of killed was gieater than the wounded. As far as reports have come in it is at least three killed to one wounded, and this fact is owing to the terrible execution of our rifles. We remain here a short time to gather up captured property, arms, etc., and then expect to be ordered back to Hiclcman. Captain S. Wells, Lieutenant Tubbs, and Lieutenant W. B. Smith represent my com- mand on Colonel Saunders's staff. Very respectfully, G. S. WORMER, lAeutenant Colonel Commanding 8th Michigan Cavalry. A correspondent wrote : " After the defeat of the rebel general Morgan at Buffington's Island, in which the Sth Cavalry took a piominent part, the regiment was ordered to Covington, Ky., arriving there on the 3lBt July. It had not completed its work with Morgan, but on the contrary a portion of it was most conspicuously engaged in his flnal defeat and capture. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 691 " While the command in pursuit of Morgan was on its way up the Ohio River on stoam- ■ers, and on reaching Cincinnati, Lieutenant N. S. Boyntou (afterwards Major) with a •detachment of 75 men including Lieutenants John E. Babbitt, J. M. Weils, and A. L. Abbey from Companies F, L, M, and C, 8th Cavaii-y were ordered on bhore for the purpose of bcouting in the adjacent countiy to discover the whereabouts of Morgan. This detach- ment remained in the neighburliood of Cincinnati doing picket duty, and watj not in the engagement at Buffington's island. '■ On the 22d of July orders were received in the camp of this detachment from General Buruside for all the cavalry in and around Cinoinnati to bo iii readiness to move promptly when ordered, and it was soon whispered around that the movement was a chase aiter Morgan, who had slipped through the lingers of the Union troops at Buffington's Island. "About 325 cavalry men from various commands, principally from Kentucliy regiments, hicluding Lieutenant Boynton"s detachment of the bth Miclugan, were placed in command of Major Kue, 9th Kentucky Cavalry. " On the evening of the 23d the command started by rail to Columbus, Ohio, where it took the Zanesville railroad to Steubenville or any other point on the Ohio river where Morgan might be reached. The command on arriving at SteubenvUle patroled tlie river by rail between Wheeling and that point, and on the morning of the 25tii disembarked at Martin's Ferry, where Major Way with a battalion of the yth Michigan Cavalry which composed a portion of the command, moved in the direction of St. Clairsville. In the afternoon Major Rue's command took the cars for Wellsville, as information had been received that Morgan was making his way northward to cross above. At about 8 P. M. he reached Shanghi station and disembarked, when he immediately moved in the direction of Knoxville about six miles distant. On arriving there he proceeded four miles on the road to Hammondsville, bivouacking there for tlie night. At dayhght next morning, the 26th, the column was in motion, reaching Hammondsville at 7 A. M. General Shackel- ford was found at this place with a cavalry command, and to whom Major Rue reported. It was soon ascertained that the enemy were moving in the direction of SaUneville. The column was soon in rapid motion toward that point, Lieuti-nant Boynton with his detach- ment taking the advance. Arrivmg at SaUneville it was found tliat Major Way with the battaUon of the 9th Michigan had forced Morgan into an engagement, defeating him and taking over 300 prisoners, killing 23 and wounding 44. Still Morgan with about 400 of his raiders had escaped, and were pushing eastward. "It was now evident that a force would have to be sent by some route, get In hie advance and cut him off, or he would eventually escape. For this purpose Major Rue with his command was sent by a circuitous route to the right, to endeavor to reach a point on the road over which Morgan was rapidly retreating. Dashing off in gallant style, with reliable guides, Major Rue proceeded on the designated route. General Shackelford press- ing rapidly on Morgan's rear. Lieutenant Boynton, who had the advance of Hue's com- mand, determined to keep it, if possible, although other detachments were attempting to pass him. To prevent this he formed his command into column of platoons, and conse- quently filled up the road. For several miles Major Rue swept on, lirst at a gallop, then at a trot, and then in order to give his horses breath before the anticipated attack, walked about a mile, then forward at a gallop, changing direction to the left, through fields, woods, and lanes, at times leaping logs, fences, ditches, dodging trees and brush. An open held was soon reached and an open space through the woods was diycoverod to the right, which afforded a view of the road over which Morgan was retreating, and about a mile distant from Alajor Rue's command. Soon the head of the rebel column came hi sight, when, quickly discovering the object of the Union troops, they made a desperate attempt to pass the point which Rue's command was aiming to reach, pusliing their hoi-ses under whip and spur at full speed dftwn the road. Now came the exciting chase. Major Rue was a short distance in their advance. ' Forward!' was repeated tlu; wliole length of the column. ' There go the rebels, boys! there go the rebels!' passed swiftly from mouth to mouth, and a gleam of satisfaction lit up tlie countenances of tlie men as they saw the rebel column in the distance. As if by magic sabres were unsheathed, pistols drawn, and with a firm grasp on their weapons and a determination expressed in tlieir features to whi or die, they dashed on regardless of ail obstructions in their path and soon approached the road. "As tney passed the foot of a hill within a short distance of the road, Licutcniuit Boyn- ton discovered two men on the brow of the hill waving a wliite (lag. Fearing that it was a ruse of Morgan's to halt the column at Uiat point to gam lime, lie ordered Lieutenant Abbey, 8th Michigan, with six men to ascend the hill and iiscertaiu their purpose, wlille the command dashed on to gain the road. " Another flag of truce was soon discovered, the bearers of which were shouthig, ' don t shoot! don't shoot! wo surrender!' "Notwithstanding the hag of truce was received by Major Rue, he ordered the com- 692 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. maud to form in line of battle on each side of the road, ready to fight if the rebel general attempted treachery, and Lieutenant Boynton's detachment was the first in line, ready for work if it was required. But John Morgan had given up the contest without the firing of a gun at that point. He saw that it was folly for him to attempt a further resistance, as Major Kue had cut him off from his only line of retreat, and that there was no chance of escape. " Lieutenant Abbey soon joined the command with the bearer of the first flag of truce, who proved to be a rebel major on Morgan's staff, and a captain of the Ohio State Militia, who had been captured the same day by Morgan's men, and to whom Morgan claimed to have surrendered his command a few moments before Major Rue came up. "The bearers of the second flag of truce were a major and two other officers of Mor- gan's staff, with the rank of captain. The Major gave up his sword to Major Rue, who had taken his position in the road on the right of the 8th Michigan detachment, accom- panied by Lieutenant Boynton and two or three officers of other detachments. The guidon belonging to Company L, 8th Michigan, floated triumphantly over the heads of the rebel officers, and beneath it the terms of surrender were made. John J. Ebbitt, of Company L, had the honor of being color bearer on tbat important occasion. Being a full-blooded son of the Emerald Isle he felt the importance of his position, and took particular pains to flourish the flag in the faces of those who had basely deserted it and become traitors to their country. "It was claimed by the rebel officers that Morgan had surrendered to the militia cap- tain on the condition that his command should be paroled, the officers retaining their side arms and private property. Major Rue would not recognize an agreement made by a militia captain, without a command and a prisoner in the hands of the enemy at the time. He instructed the staff officer to say to General Morgan that his surrender must be uncon- ditional, with the exception that officers should be allowed to retain their side arms, but even this condition should be subject to the approval of General Shackelford. He directed him also to say to General Morgan that if these terms were not accepted in a few minutes he would open fire on him, and for this purpose had his command in readiness. "The rebel command was dismounted in the road, and within ten rods of the line of Union troops. It would have been impossible for them to escape even if they had been so disposed, and Morgan quickly accepted the terms offered by Major Rue. The major ordered them to remain in their position without being disarmed until General Shackelford came up. In a short time General Shackelford and staff (on which was Lieutenant John E. Babbitt, 8th Michigan), arrived, and after a brief consultation the terms made by Major Rue were approved. The rebel command was soon formed in line in the road, mounted, and then disarmed, when it was placed under guard and marched to Salineville, where their horses were taken from them. Next mornuig the officers and men were sent under guard by rail to Cincinnati and thence to Camp Chase, Ohio." From Buffington Island the regiment returned to Kentucky, and during the month of August, 1863, engaged in the advance into East Tennessee, having in the meantime participated in the pursuit of Scott's rebel cavalry, skirmish- ing with them from Lexington to Stanford, Ky., having captured, killed, and wounded 213 men, and taken over 100 horses. Tiie regiment, then in the 1st Brigade, 2d Cavalry Corps, and still in com- mand of Colonel Wormer, had entered upon the East Tennessee campaign, having met the enemy at Kingston September 1st, and on the 18th at Cleveland. A correspondent writing to the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, says of the affair at Cleveland : " From Kingston we were ordered to Post Oak Springs, a distance of nine miles. Here we remained over night. The next morning we received orders to go to Athens, the county seat of McMinn county, 35 miles south of Kingston, on the line of the East Ten- nessee and Georgia railroad. At Kingston we had to cross the Tennessee river in a small ferry boat, the rebels having burned all the boats of any size on the river at this point, and above as far as Knoxville. It required one day and two nights to ferry the command (tlie 1st brigade) across U\e river. We were heartily glad when the work was accora- plibhed. "We then moved on that day some twenty miles and encamped on Prigmore's farm. Prigmore proved to be a rebel of the deepest dye, and owned a very large planta- tion, which was under a high state of cultivation. We found an abundance of forage for our horses and mules and quite a large quantity of bacon which the old man had buried in a smoke-house to prevent the 'dreaded Yankees' from getting it. "After two tlajb' .sojourn we left for Athens. The 8th Michigan cavalry took the MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 693 advance, and we entered the town amidst the wavin-r of flags, the shouts of the people, and a shower of bouquets from the hands of the hival ladk-s. Such a demonstration waa unexpected. We little dreamed that such a strong Union feeling existed in this section. We had heard it said that there were many loyal people in East Teniiesbee, but had some- what been led to believe that it was overrated. We were indeed hapi)ily disappointed. Crowds of people gathered around Colonel Byrd and expressed their gratitude for being delivered from the oppressive yoke of the bogus confederacy. A large crowd of men and women gathered together and listened eagerly and allentivelv to the speeches made by Colonel Byrd, Lieutenant Colonel Wormer, 8th Michigan cavalrv, and Colonel Hen- derson, of the 112th Illinois mounted infantry. Their speeches were received with bursts t)f applause and every one seemed pleased with the policy of our government as explained by the speakers. "We reniain(>d at Athens a week or more, during which time Captain Samuel Wells, of the 8th Michigan cavalry, Acting Provost Marshal on Colonel Byrd's staff, administered the oath to over 1,500 rebel soldiers and a large number of citizens. The captain, bv the way, is a very efficient officer, and attends to the duties of provost marshal in a maimer satisfactory to all. While at Atliens Major Edgerly, of the 8th Michigan cavalry, with one company from the 112th Illinois, one company from the 1st Tennessee, and com- panies G and I of the 8th Michigan cavalry, were sent down to Cleveland, 25 miles from Athens on the East Tennessee and Georgia railroad, to take possession of the town and hold it if he could. The second day after taking possession he was suddenly attacked by a large force of the enemy, estimated at 1,500 (the Major's force numbering 15u) and was compelled to beat a hasty retreat. The rebs had laid their plans to gobble up the major and his entire command, but they found that it was not so easily done as they supposed. Although they drove our pickets in rather unceremoniously, the Major was prei)ared to give them a warm reception. In the skirmish Captain Dickinson, of Company B, of the 112th Illinois, was killed, and 24 of his men taken prisoners. The captain exhibited great courage and would not fall back nor allow his men to retreat. "Major Edgerly fell back in good order, occasionally making a stand and giving the rebels a taste of bullets. Companies G and I covered the retreat, and their Spencer rifles told with fearful effect on the advancing enemy. A' few volleys from their rilles would always check the rebels, and they would hesitate some time before advancing. Arriving at Charleston, on the Hiawasse river, the major made a stand, but the enemy did not think proper to pursue them farther. A number of men belonging to Company G, 8th Michigan, were cut off and taken prisoners. A great many narrow escapes were made; several horses were shot under their riders, but no one was wounded or killed on our side. Lieutenant McDonald, of Company I, received a shot through his hat and another through his holster on the saddle. The officers and men praise Major Edgerly for the coolness and bravery he exhibited, and the skill he displayed in keeping the enemy from capturing the whole command. But few, they state, could have managed the retreat so well against so large a force. " At (Julhouu, on the 26th of September, the brigade to which the 8th was attached was attacked by a force eslmiated at lo,0(JU, under Generals Forrest and Wheeler. After a shaip engagement with some loss, the command retreated to Athens where it endeavored to check the rebel pursuit, in which it was temjjorarily successful, but was compelled finally to fall back to Loudon. In actions at Calhoun and Athens, September 26th and 27th, the regiment lost 43 killed, wounded, and missing. HeADQUAETEHS l8T BRIGADE, ) Genekaij Ordebs, I 4th Division, 23d Army Corps, >• No. 9. f Post Oak Upringa, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1803. ) To Lieutenant Colonel O. S. Wormer, Officers and Soldiers of the 8th Mich. Cavalry.: The colonel commanding takes gieat pleasure in announcing to you with what feelings of gratification and pride he witnessed your noble and gallant conduct when attacked by the enen)y at Calhoun, on the 20th of Sepl<>mber last. The enemy threw himself upon you with a force at least six to one, yet you quailed not nor deserted your post, although you were overpowered and nearly surrounded by an overwhelming force. Too much cannot be eald in praise of your noble conduct upon that occasion, and when compelled to fall back from that place to Loudon you behaved with great gallantry and bravery. Your countiy will remember you in the future when the glorious flag of our country again floats over every Stale and Territory of this great republic, planted by tlie hauda of her brave and noble ilefenders. 694 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. You have bravely fought in her cause. Some of your numbers have been grievously wounded. Some are now languishing in southern prisons, bnt although many vacancies occur in your ranks, you are ready and anxious again to meet the enemies of your coun- try wherever they may appear. Toilsome marches over rugged mountains have not discouraged you, you have borne the heat and storms of a southern chmate without murmuring, you have often marched days and nights without food or rest, and have not failed when your duty called you. You have fought and bled in your country's cause, and for all this you will have your rewai'd in the future grandeur and glory of your country. Go on, brave soldiers, and continue to persevere in the cause in which you are enlisted, and which thus far you have so nobly sustained, and a grateful country will yet crown you victors in a glorious cause. By command of E. K. BYRD. James McCabtney, A. A. A. G. A correspondent writing at the time says of the affair at Calhoun: "At Calhoun on the 26th September, about 10 o'clock A. M., Captain Humphrey of the 45th Ohio mounted infantry, who was on the Cleveland road, sent in a dispatch to Colonel Byrd, commanding, that the enemy in strong force were advancing. Dispatches also came in from scouting parties on other roads that the enemy were coming up in heavy force. Colonel Byrd accordingly had the battery (15th Indiana) take position while he ordered the 8th Michigan cavalry, dismounted, to the bank of the river, the 1st Tennes- see cavalry to support the battery, and the 112th Illinois to guard the ford on the left. The scouting parties and the pickets were ordered to fall back across the river. The enemy soon made their appearance on the opposite side of the river, and the artillery opened fire. The fire was well directed, the shells falling in their ranks and exploding, causing a scattering of the greybacks in every direction. The 8th Michigan opened on them with good effect. The enemy soon planted a few pieces of heavy caUbre on a hill on the opposite side of the river, Vhich overlooked the position, and commenced a well directed and heavy Are. The shot and shell fell around on all sides. Colonel Byrd dis- covered that they were trying to outflank the command on both sides. He immediately ordered the command to fall back from the river to Athens. The wagon train was started on ahead and the men fell back in good order. After leaving the river and passing a piece of timber, where the 112th Illinois had been encamped, and where the horses of the 8th Michigan were hitched to the trees while they were fighting on foot, the solid shot and shell fell thick and fast among the trees. Occasionally a charge of grape shot would come like hail through the woods, cutting off the leaves and branches on all sides. At this juncture, had it not been for the coolness and veteran-like courage of the 8th Mich- igan cavalry there would have been a panic among the men. It was enough to make the most courageous dodge their heads to avoid the well directed fire of the enemy's guns. "The brigade fell back to within two miles of Athens, where Colonel Woolford was met with reinforcements. Colonel Byrd took position and opened fire with the 15th Indi- ana battery and Law's mounted howitzers, belonging to Woolford's brigade. At the same time he ordered Colonel Wormer to take position with the 8th Michigan cavalry. The order was immediately executed in good style, and the boys again opened fire upon the rebels in a manner which soon caused them to fall back and leave the command in possession of the field. Here Lieutenant Colonel Wormer, who was cheering the boys and bringing them up in fine order to meet the advancing columns of the enemy, came near being brought to his last account. A well directed shot from one of the rebs' rifles cut his hat band, grazing the side of his hat. The concussion nearly knocked him down, but with his usual coolness he stood his ground until he was ordered to fall back. After checking the enemy the troops fell back to Philadelphia the same night. " The regiment left Philadelphia October 1st, marching to Athens, on the 4th to Sweetwater, on the 6th to Loudon, and on the 7th, 8th, and 9th to Oak Springs, thence to Kingston on the 21st. Colonel Wormer being in command of the brigade. Major Edgerly assumed command of the regiment. It moved back to Loudon on the 23d, and on the 24th made a reconnoissance below Philadelphia, and after engaging a rebel force in a severe action at Sweetwater on the 26th with a loss of nine wounded, returned to Lenoir. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 695 Headquartees 2d Brioade, Generai- Orders, ) 4th CAVAiiRy Division, 23d Army Corps, No. 23. f Loudon, Tenn., Oct. 28, 1863. To the Officers and Soldiers of the 8th Michigan Cavalry: It again becomes the duty of the commandinpr offlcer of this brigade to compliment you, fellow soldiers, upon your unexampled bravery and courage upon the (to you) memorable 26th day of October, 1803. I hardly know in what terms to express ray admiration to your noble conduct upon that day. You were in the thickest of the fight from the beginning: to the end. You charj^ed the enemy in a strong position, and although he was in overwhelming numbers, you drove him from his chosen stronghold, and you would have held the position which your valor won, had tli-- enemy not been re-enforced by still greater numbers. You tlion won the encomiums of all your commanders and your country, and what more can be said than that you did your duty nobly, bravely, and gloriously. Your courage and your gallant conduct upon that occasion have won you a name and a place in the history of your country, and hereafter the name of the 8th Michigan Cavalry will be spoken with pride by the lips of every true lover of his country and her best interests, and with terror by her enemies. But one of your number fell mortally wounded by the balls of your enemies, and seven more brave men were seriously wounded while nobly doing their duty at their posts. They fell, but their wounds will be remembered by their grateful country, and will only exist as glorious mementoes of their love of country and her laws. You may well be proud of the record which you made there, and may you never cease to do your duty as nobly as then, until your country again takes her rank among the nations of the earth as the greatest of all nations, and is in truth and reality " The land of the free and the home of the brave." May your efforts never cease nor your strength fail ; may your charges always be as bravely made and as nobly sustained, until no armed foe exists' to put again In jeopardy her best interest, and to make desolate her fertile fields and lay waste her beautiful cities. By command of G. S. WORMER. James McCartney, Capt. and A. A. A. O. Lieutenant Colonel. From June 1st, 1863, when the regiment left Covington, Ky., to October 8th, including marches of detachments, it marched over 3,000 miles, and during the same time captured 574 prisoners and 652 horses, with a large amount of Biores, equipments, etc. On Colonel Wormer's retiring from the command of the 2d brigade, 4th cavalry division. 23d army corps, which he held for a short time, members of his staff complimented him in resolutions, dated Lenoir, Tenn., Oct. 28. 1863, on his bravery and general good qualities displayed by him while in command of the brigade. Like sentiments were similarly expressed and to the same import by the officers of the 8th Cavalry, wiiile Brigadier General Sanders, commanding cavalry, says, in a letter dated as above: "Lieutenant Colonel G. S. Wormer, 8th Michigan Cavalry, served under my command during a portion of the Morgan raid, and since in East Tennessee. He lias performed his duties satisfactorily, and on the 26th inst.. in command of his brigade, led the advance in person, and managed his brigade with great bravery and judg- ment, and to my entire satisfaction." On the 1st of November, 1863, the 8th, then commanded by Major Edgerly, and serving in the Ist brigade, 2d cavalry division, Army of the Ohio, was encamped at liCnoir. During that month it actively participated in covering tiie retreat of the union forces, then falling back before the rebel army from Lenoir Station, on Knoxville, aided gallantly in checking tlie advance of I^jngstreet. It was engaged at Loweton, November 15, Campbell's Station on the 16th, and before Knoxville on the 1 9th. It participated in the defense of that place, and after the raising of the siege, on December 5th, being tiien in tho Ist 696 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. division, joined in the pursuit of the rebel army, and was engaged at Rutledge on the 10th, continuing skirmishing daily with the rear guard until arriving at Bean's Station, where, on the 14th, it became warmly engaged, and on the 25th had a skirmish at New Market. For its decided bravery, determined fighting, and the valuable service ren- dered the army, the regiment was complimented in special orders by General Burnside. January 14ih, 1864, the regiment marched to Dandridge, where it skir- mished with the enemy, driving them two miles beyond the town. On the 16th, it was attacked, and was obliged to fall back to Dandridge. On the 17th, it was warmly engaged during the day, but at night retired to Strawberry Plains, and thence, on the 18th, to Knoxville. Crussing the Holston river on the 19th, it moved to Flat Creek Gap, where it skirmished with the enemy on the 25th, but was obliged again to fall back on Sevierville. It again advanced to Fair Garden, on the 26th, but on the 27th moved toward the Holston river. Finding the enemy strongly posted behind breastworks, it charged the works, but being outflanked, withdrew. On the 3d of February the regiment moved to Knoxville. Turning over all i'ts horses to the proper department at Knoxville, it started on the 6th, on foot, for Mt. Sterling. Ky., where it arrived on the 24th, after a tedious march over the Cumberland mountains of over 200 miles. It remained in camp at Mt. Sterling and Nicholasville until the 3d of June. At this date, having been remounted and equipped, it started, in comnaand of Lieutenant Colonel Mix, on its march for Big Shanty, Ga., where it arrived on the 28th, and joined the command of General Stoneman. On its route from Cleveland, Tenn., to Big Shanty, it scoured the country bordering the railroad, capturing 136 prisoners. It participated in the movements of the cavalry under General Stoneman, covering the right of the army during the advance to Atlanta. The regiment was engaged in the Campbelltown and Macon raids, capturing in the former 74 prisoners. During the raid on Macon, in July, the 8th, on the 4th, engaged the enemy on the Chattahoochee, and after figliting Armstrong's brigade of cavalry with artillery support, drove it across the river, receiving the cheers of General Stoneman for gallantry. On the 26th a detachment of the regiment captured and destroyed three trains of cars on the Macon and Milledgeville railroad, loaded with rebel stores. The command, finding itself outnumbered before Macon, retired. The 8th, having the advance, was almost constantly fighting with the enemy. At Clinton, on the 31st, an engagement took place. The regiment made several charges, but was finally, by superior numbers, forced to give way. Tlie general in command, finding himself completely surrounded, and further resistence useless, finally surrendered. When Stoneman became entirely surrounded and surrender was evident, the 8th Michigan, then in command of Colonel Mix, unwilling to lay down their arms to the rebels, and bearing in mind the honor of their State as well as their own, obtained permission from the commanding general to cut their way out, and, dasiiing forward, commenced their desperate undertaking, sur- rounded entirely by the enemy, engaging him hand to hand. Colonel Mix being captured, owing to the loss of his horse, Major Buck assumed command, and succeeded in forcing through the enemy by persistent and stubborn fight- ing, and undertook to reach the union lines near Atlanta. On the 3d of August, however, being nearly worn out with service, and having been in the saddle MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 697 with little or no rest or sleep, for seven days and eight nights, pursued and hariissed, he was overtaken, and after a severe engugenient, a large number were made prisoners, yet a portion of the regiment rea(;hed the union lines. The loss of the 8th in this affair being 215 officers and men. From a correspondent: " On July 27th, 1864, Stoneman's command, composed of tho 5th and 0th Indiana, Ist and 11th Kentucky, 8lh Michigan, 14th Illinois, and 1st Ohio Squadron (cavalry), about two thousand strong, started' on the conti-niplated raid to Macon. Substsquont events proved that too much publicity had been given to the movement previous to tho departure of the expedition, and the enemy v^'cro on the lookout. We arrived at Fort Hawkins, opposite Macon, at daybreak Saturday morning, tho 30th. We found that tho enemy anticipated our coming. A large force of home guards were drawn up in line of battle. Our men charged them and drove them across the Ocmulgeo river into Macon. A large body of hifaiitry, with several pieces of artillery, occupied the city. Governor Brown had moved a large body of militia from Milledgeville to Macon. G MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. G9& McDonald, selng that tbe left was somewhat In confusion, dashed over, dismounted, and Midered the men he met there to form in line. It being still dark, he did not discover that they were rebels until a rebt^l officer rode up towards him and asked 'what son of a b was giving commands to hie men.' Ascertaining it was the captain giving orders he asked, 'What regiment do you belong to sir?' The captain coolly answered, '"The 8th ilichigan, sir.' At this the rebel officer drew his revolver, and without demanding a sur- render, discharged it at the captain, the ball going in close proximity to his head. Tho captain then told him he surrendered. The rebel officer now dismounted and came up to the captain and drew his revolver, but fortunately the cap snapped. He then told the captain to come with him. Taking him to one side of the road he said: 'Surrender, do you, you Yankee son of a b ! we don't give quarter; we intend to shoot every d d one of you! ' taking a cap from his cap pouch, and while in the act of putting it on h'is pistol, said; ' I'll show you how to surrender! what the hell made you run away after Stoneman had surrendered you?' The captain saw that he intended to shoot him and would give him no quarter. Pulling a pocket pistol from one of his side pockrts while the rebel t^as fixing his cap, he brought it within an inch of his head and shot him dead on the spot. Two rebel soldiers hearing the report came dashing up, but before they had time to revenge the death of their officer, two Yankee bullets laid them out. " Colonel Adams, with his two Kentucky regiments, liad come out on another road to the right of our brigade, and camped to the rear about three or four miles. He had taken an early start and came up while tiie rebels were making the chaige. Being informed of the condition of things by one of our men, and that the road he was on led directly into the one down wtiich the enemy's charging party was coming, he immediately ordered his men to make a charge down the road through the rebels, and if possible reach our rear. It was during this charge that Captain McDonald was released. Adams soon cleared the road through, but found when he reached the rear of Capron's command that he had taken the road which led across the bridge, when he ought to have taken the left hand road and avoided it. He now dashed back and took the left hand road, knowing that if he followed Capron the whole command would have been taken or cut to pieces. He arrived at this place ^Marietta) on the 4th instant with a loss of only seventeen men; some fifteen of the Sth came in with him. But not so with Capron. After Adams left him the rebels again charged him with increased force. Our men had not yet recovered from their panic. In crossing the bridge it broke. Men and horses were'thrown upon each other, presenting a mass of human beings and horses. Still the men crowded on. The creek was deep, but they rushed into it regardless of the consequences. The enemy dashed up and fired volley after volley in among the men and horses. A mmiber of the men were drowned and a large number killed by the rebels. The men now seeing that it was useless to keep together, scattered and took to the woods. About 50 of the bth have come in, and 100 of the 14th, among them Captain McDonald, Lieutenant Burton, and Lieutenant Crowley. All kinds of rumors are in circulation in regard to the fate of olVicers and men. The most reliable is that among the officers of the Sth killed, is Captain Bab- bitt. Captain Ellis drowned crossing the bridge, and Lieutenant McElhenny. Captain W. B. Smith is reported wounded. Captain Sellick, Lieutenant Preston, and Lieutenant Abbey were taken prisoners. " It is supposed that Major Buck was taken prisoner, but nothing definite can yet be obtained of the actual fate of the officers and men, and I do not give full credit to the seemingly reliable report of the killed, wounded, and prisoners. Many of them may turn up yet as the command scattered in every direction during the fight, and will bo probably coming in for the next week or two. "The rebels are patroling the whole country, and picking up our men wherever they can find them. A force has been sent out to gather up our boys, and no doubt many more will come in. There is no doubt that the Sth lost a largo number of men In killed and wounded. As soon as I can get reliable information in regard to it I will send you a list of tbe Ojissing and their probable fate. It will be at lea^t two w»>ek8 before all tJj« facts can be ascertained, and the fate of many will always be a mystery. Sixty of the Sth, out of over 300 who went on the raid, have returned." The portion of the rcgitneiit that succeeded in making its escape to tho Union lines was stationed at Marietta and Turner's Feny, and was eni|)l()yeil in picket duty until the 14ih of September, when tho regiment received orders to report at Nicholsville, Ky., where it proceeded by rail, arriving on tho 2l8t. Again leaving Kicholasville, on the 19th of October, it marched to Nashvilio, where it reported on the ;;J6th, and on tlio 31st was encamped near that }thice. Within the year the regiment has traveled nearly X',8U0 miles in direct marches, exclusive of those made by detachments when scouting and foraging. 700 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. During the year, and up to October 31st, the 8th had lost 13 died in action or of wounds, 72 of disease, and 235 missing in action. Tliis regiment was serving in Tennessee on November 1st, 1864, and brigaded with the 14th and 16th Illinois Cavalry, and at that date, with its brigade, was on the march from Nashville to Pulaski for the purpose of watching the movements of Hood, wlio was then on his northern expedition from Atlanta. Having reached Pulaski, the regiment, on the 6th, moved on a scout to Lfiwrenceburg, and returned, and again on the 12th to Waynes- boro. Returning from that point, it marched to Mount Pleasant on the 14th and 15th, remaining there in camp on the 16th; on the 17th and 18th was on the march to Waynesboro, Company C having a skirmish with the enemy. Having reached Waynesboro, on the 18th, 19ih, and 20th nearly the whole regiment was engaged day and night in scouting by detachments, one being sent to Lawrenceburg to form a junction with General Hatch, who was then falling back from the Tennessee river near Florence; one to Clifton, and another towards Savannah, all returning and joining the command on the 20th. On the 21st, information having been received that Forrest was advanc- ing towards Lawrenceburg, the command fell back to within eleven miles of Mt. Pleasant and went into camp. In the meantime communication had been opened with General Hatch, and on the 23d a detachment of one officer and twenty-five men of the regiment was sent back towards Waynesboro, which met the enemy about seven miles out, and near Henryville, where it kept a whule regiment in check until Company B was sent forward as a rein- forcement, but before it reached there it was attacked and driven back, and the detachment cut off. It was then ascertained that the enemy had sue ceedcd in getting a position between General Hatch and the command. A battalion of this regiment was ordered to hold the road in front while the brigade fell back three miles to the junction of the Mt. Pleasant and Law- renceburg roads, and there threw up a barricade and made a stand for the purpose of checking the enemy should he succeed in driving the battalion. During that time the battalion was holding him in check, although vigorously attacked and closely pressed ; and after a stubborn and gallant resistance the enemy succeeded in throwing a heavy force on its left flunk and driving it back to within a short distance of the barricade, where it made a determined stand, but was attacked by a superior force, and before it could fall back on the command the enemy had gained its rear. The attacking force was dis- covered by the brigade, but owing to the darkness it was supposed to be the battalion falling back, and therefore no effort was made to check it. At that time the balance of the 8th Michigan was ordered to a position behind the barricade, but before it could be properly posted the enemy made a desperate charge on the whole line, and so unexpected was the attack that it threw the two other regiments of the brigade into confusion, producing a perfect stam- pede, when the 8th Michigan, with great coolness maintaining its position, poured a volley into his ranks, checking his advance, then gave him a second volley, when he retired. In the meantin)e the battalion of the 8th Michigan tliat had been left in front to hold him in cluck, and which had now been cut off from the main command, cut its way through the enemy, under a heavy fire, and rejoined the brigade, having lost several killed and wounded. About daylight on the morning of the 24th the jiickets were again attacked, the brigade falling back about two miles, closely followed by the enemy, when ho threw a heavy colniun on both its flanks, compelling it to retreat in double quick to Columbia, the enemy pursuing closely. On reaching that point a MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 701 division of infantry from the 23d army corps, Trhich had just arrived there, succeeded in driving him back, and prevented the whole of General Forrest's command from dashing into the town and capturing it. On the 2oth a detachment of fifty men of the regiment was sejit to Ilardison's Mills, on Duck river, for the purpose of crossing, to ascertain if the enemy was moving in that direction, and next day the brigade was ordered to that point, and picketed the different fords along the river for six or eight miles. On the nnn-iiing of the ;^8th the advance of Hood's army was discovered moving towards the fords, and about noon he had driven in the advance pickets, and at 3 P. M. he opened tire at almost every ford, but he was kept in check until the communication with General Johnson was cut off, by the enemy crossing at one of the fords east of Columbia, and also on the left of the command, when the detacliments at the fords were ordered back ; then the brigade became completely surrounded, when one regiment (7th Ohio) succeeded in cutting its way through the enemy, in its rear, still leaving the remaining portion of the ci)mmand (in which was the 8th Michigan) completely and closely surrounded. The regiment, together with the 1-ith and 16th Illinois, being aimed with Springfield muskets, dismounted, and with bayonets fixed charged through the enemy in gallant style, driving over 100 rebels into the river. A detachment of 40 men of the regiment had been cut off at one of the lower fords, but succeeded in extricating itself with but little loss. Next morning the command fell back six miles on General Hatch's division, which had been drawn up in line of battle to check any further advance of the enemy. On the following morning the whole cavalry force fell back to near Franklin, the infantry having already evacuated Columbia, and taken position at Franklin. On the 30th the enemy made several attempts to drive the cav- alry in but failed. Towards evening he massed a strong force and made a desperate attack, but was repulsed with heavy loss. Next morning, December 1st, before daylight, the whole command had commenced falling back toward Nashville, and when within six miles of that place the cavalry made a stand, but the enemy did not come up. During the night the whole cavalry force moved inside the lines at Nashville, when the regiment crossed the river to Edgefield, where it was engaged in making expeditions to various points for the })urpo.-e of pressing horses, and was employed in scouting the surrounding country, and during the battle of Nashville, from December 14th to 22d, was held as a reserve, having previously been dismounted. From a correspondent of the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune: "Nashveule, Tenn., December 3d, 1S64. " The last two weeks' history of this regiment wili long bo lememberod by eveiy man beloniiini^ to it. No command in this armj' has seen more service or endured more hard- ships than the brigade to which we were attached. " The brigade is composed of the 8th Michif,'an, 14th and 16th Illinois Cavalry, and is commanded by Colonel Horace Capron, of ihe 24th Illinois After bcinj; mounted at Nicholasville, Ky., we marched to Na.-liville and fiom there to Pidasid, a distaneo of three hundred miles, inside of eleven days. From Pulaski we were ordered to Waynesboro, filty-six miles away from any base of su|)plies— unsupported by any force, 'i'he object was to watch Hood's movements and asceitain in what direction he was approachinir us. In order to protect our.selves from surprise we had to scout the whole country. Tho weatht-r from the time we reached Pulaski up to tiie present time (about four we(>ld for him. Morgan jumped out at the other side of the carriage, leaped over a fence, seized a horse, and galloped off as fast as horsellesh, spurred by frightened heels, could cany him. About a couple of hundred of Ids nien .suc- ceeded in "breaking away and following their fugitive leader. In the buggy thus lia>.tily evacuated by Morgan were found his rations, consisting of a loaf of bread, some hard boiled eggs, and a bottle of whisky. "A few of our cavalry were wounded, two or three seriously. Lieutenant Fisk was shot through the breast. His wound is dangerous, and he has telegraphed for his wife tc <5ome from Michigan." Following is a dispatch from Major Way, differing as to casualties, but it is presuuied that at the time it was made the matter had uot been fully investigated: SAiiNEViiiijE, Ohio, July 26, 1863. Oovernor Blair or Adjutant General Robertson: Yesterday a portion of the 9th Michigan cavalry, consisting of Companies C, Captain Stevens; D, Captain McBride; E, Captain Hinchey; H, Captain Eice; I, Captain Mc- Gowan; K, Lieutenant Fisk commanding, and one section of 11th Michigan battery (Bat- tery L), Lieutenant Gallagher commanding, consisting in all of two hundred and fifty men under my command, came upon Morgan's forces four miles from Steubenville and skirmished with them all night, driving them during the night twenty-five miles, and this morning at 8 o'clock we succeeded in forcing him to a general engagement, which resulted in a complete route of his forces, with a loss of from twenty lo twenty-five killed and forty-five wounded and two hundred and thirty-nine prisoners, one hundred and fifty horses, and one hundred and fifty stand of arms. Our loss is slight. The officers and men behaved nobly, and I can not say too much in their praise. W. B. WAY, Major Com'd'g 9th Mich. Cav. and 21th Mich. Battery. The regiment, having again been united at Covington, proceeded to Eick- luan's Bridge, and participated in the expedition of General liurnside into East Tennessee, arriving at Knoxviile September 3d, having skirmished at Loudon on the 2d. From Knoxville it proceeded to Cumberland Gap. On the 7th a detachment of the regiment drove in the rebel jiickets, entered the -Gap, and burned a large mill, on which the enemy depended to a great extent for subsistence. Loss of the regiment one killed and one wounded. On the 8th, the rebels, '^,500 strong, with 14 cannon, surrendered to the Union forces. A correspondent of the Detroit Free Press wrote: "The 9th entered Knoxville and was with other troops Immediately pushed through to Cumberland Gap, which the enemy occupied with 2,600 men and 13 pieces of arullery, which were surrendered to the Union forces. "On the night before the surrender, the 9th Michigan and 2d Tennessee cavalry, in command of Colonel David, of the 9th, were ordered to drive In the advance and if possi- ble burn a fiouring mill then in tlieir possession. For two miles tliey advanced as rapidly as the nature of the country would permit. Michigan was elaled, Teniicbbee began to falter. They had been brouglit up among those mouiiUdns and were familiar with every inch of the ground, and they assured Colonel David that to reach the mill over such rock-ribbed barriers and in face of the enemy's fire was impo&sible, and to ilum the march was ended. " But the colonel thought differently, and reasoned from probabilities. He did not know the nature of the ground more than a distant view could give to a careful observer, but he did know the lighting qualities of his men, and said in a manner peculiar to himself, ' Well, well; give me the advance and wo will take care of the mill.' Michigan moved on .alone, drove the enemy from the rocky fastncbses, burned ihe mill, and went back with 710 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. the loss of only one man killed and three wounded. Colonel David received for himself and regiment the commendations of General Shackelford, commanding." Subsequently the regimeut was engaged at Carter's Station September 22d, loss one killed, four wounded. Zollicoffer September 24th, driving the enemy into his fortifications. Blue Springs October 5th and 10th, loss 2 wounded, and at Ray town, October llth lost 2 killed and 2 wounded. After it arrived at Covington, Ky., in May, 1863, this regiment marched nearly 3,000 miles, exclusive of marches by detachments while scouting, foraging, etc. At the beginning of November, 1863, the regiment was at Henderson Station, East Tennessee, and seems to have performed a considerable amount of scouting during the month in that portion of the State. Its December return notes its march towards Knoxville on the 6th, and a skirmish with the enemy on Clinch Mountain on the 7th, during a march of thirty miles. On the 10th, while on reconnoissance, it met the enemy two miles from Moores- ^own, and successfully engaged him, and on the 12th was occupied, with its brigade, in a sharp action near Russellville. The position of the regiment at Bean's Station was attacked on the 14th, and the command fell back towards Ratk'dge. The next two days the regiment, in command of Major Brock- wav (Colonel Acker being wounded at Bean's vStation), while acting as rear guard, was engaged in constant skirmishing near Rutlcdge. Later in the month it was in skirmishes at Dandredge and Mosrsy Creek. On the 16th of January, 1864, the regiment, then in command of Major Gallagher, moved from Dandredge in the direction of Bull's Gap, and encountered the enemy's infantry in large force at Kinsboro Cross-roads. After a severe fight of about half an hour the regiment fell back on Dan- dredge, having lost 32 in killed, wounded, and missing. The next day it was skirmishing from noon till dark near the same place, and fell back to New Market, having been engaged at Fair Garden, Sevierville, and Strawberry Plains. Thence it moved, via Strawberry Plains, to Knoxville. Further memoranda refer to continued marches and counter marches during the month, which closed with the regimeut on Little river. The May return notes the encampment of the regiment near Nicholas ville, Ky., waiting for equipment. In June following, this regiment was again found fighting with the notorious Morgan, near Cynthiana, Ky. It appears that on June 9th the regiment, then in command of Colonel Acker, was in camp at Nicholasville, and ordered to scout as far as Bayley's Cross-roads, a distance of fourteen miles, with orders that if the enemy was found to engage him. Not finding him, Colonel Acker returned. On the 10th he marched to Lexington, whera a battalion of the regiment, in command of Major McBride, met with a portion of Morgan's command, had a brisk skirmish, and retired. On the llth the- regiment marched to Paris and bivouacked for two hours; after dark started for Cynthiana, leading the horses the most of the way, so as to make as little noise as possible. Just at daylight on the 12tli the enemy was found behind rail barricades; the llth Michigan Cavalry and 12th Ohio Cavalry wore in line of battle on foot for the purpose of driving him from the barricades, while the 9tb Michigan charged him on his left fiank in most splendid style, taking 300 prisoners, about 500 horses, and a large quantity of small arms, also a number of beef -cattle. Tlie charge was a bniliaut affair, completely routing the enemy driving great numbers of his troops into the Licking river in much confusion and thoroughly demoralized. MICHIGAN IX THE WAJl. 711 On the 30th of June, 18G4, it was again at Nicholasville. At the be^^inning of August, the 9Lh, in coainiand of Major Way, was at Marietta, Ga., and on the 8th marched to General Schofield's headquarters before Atlanta. On the 9th it moved to the extreme right flank of the Union army and reported to the officer commanding the cavalry division of the 23d corps. Alter repeated reconnoissances it joined General Kilpatrick in a raid on the Montgomery railroad, the regiment having the advance. The men being destitute of rations, during part of this raid, were obliged to subsist on green corn. Fre- quent reconnoissances, picket duty, and guarding trains occupied the rest of the month, during which the regiment marclied 193 miles. Tiiere are no notes of the movements of the regiment in the returns for February, March, April, July, and Se})teniber. October 1st, the 9th was at Decatur. Lieutenant M. F. Lockwood was killed October 2d, 1864, while ou a scout near Stone Mountain, Ga. On the 11th it is noted as starting on a foraging expedition, from which it returned on the the 13th, having marched 82 miles. It started on a similar expeditioa. ou the 26th, and returned to camp on the 30th, having nuirched 117 mik-s,. and lost 1 man killed and 1 officer and 11 men captured, wuile on i)icket. During this month the regiment drew forage for only two days, relying on th& country for the subsistence of its horses. A correspondent wrote at the time : " Though we have not been in any engagement as a regiment for several weeks, our losses have been veiy heavy of late. The country around us is Uteraiiy tilled with guer- rillas and bushwhackers, who never lose an opportunity of surprising, capturing, and kilUng (murdering would be the more proper term), small parties of our men wiio venture outside our pickets. Those devils in human form do not possess the honor nor ilie bravery of a true southeru soldier, but, like the cowards that they are, seek lor safety and pro- tection in the dense forests surrounding us. "When anything like an equality of men are sent to oppose them, should they have so great a supiuiuhty of numbers Lilat the ques- tion of success would not admit of a doubt, even tlien they secrete themselves and invariably attempt to draw our men into a carefully prepared ambush. When they accomphsh their purpose certain death awaits the poor unfortunates, for prisoners are considered unnecessary incumbrances, and their men are seldom burdent-d witli them. Lieutenant James C. Darrah, of Company D, a brave and gallant young oUicer, wliilo in command of a scouting party was attacked by a force of Texaji Eangers vastly oulnum- bering him. In the engagement the Lieutenant received a severe wound in tht; leg. Though he suffers much pain, he is fast recovering! We trust he will soon be restored to us. During the short time he was in the hands of the enemy they showed him all atten- tion, and tried every possible means to reUeve his suffering. "One of the saddest misfortunes that has ever befallen our regiment occurred on the 2d of this month (October). Lieutenant Lockwood, of Company K, and fifteen of his men scouting in the direction of Stone Mountain were led mto an ambush and shot down. Of the fifteen men but six made their escape. The bodies of Lieutenant Lockwood, Ser- geant Black, Sergeant Butler, and Corporal Kemple, who were instantly killed, were recovered. Lieutenant Lockwood had but recently joined the regiment, but in every engagement displayed a bravery that could but win the admiration of the entire command. The sergeants and corporal were men of tried courage, and their loss will be much regretted. I know I express the feehngs of eveiy officer and man in our re;,'iment, when I say that a heartfelt sympathy is extended to the families and friends of these unfortu- nate men." This regiment, November 1, 1864, was serving with General Shut man's army, then engaged on the Atlanta campaign, and was in camp at Atlanta, Ga., employed on escort and picket duty, and various scouting e.xpeditions. On the 12th, Company II, while on a s uut towards Decatur, had a sligiit skir- mish with the enemy at that point, ami on the 13ili the regiment niaiclied to the same place and became engaged in a brush with the rebel cavalry. On the 14th, while proceeding to join General Kilpairick's command, it came up with 712 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. a small force of the enemy, which was soon dispersed and driven o£E by Com- pany D. Having joined the command under General Kilpatrick, the march southward with General Sherman's army was commenced. The regiment, in command of Colonel Acker, moved with its division towards Macon and skir- mished with the enemy's cavalry during the entire day on the 16th, near Love- joy's Station, encamping that night; next morning continued the march, and the day following made a forced march to Clinton, a distance of thirty miles, engaging and driving the enemy the enemy the whole distance, taking thirty prisoners. Commencing the movement on Macon on the 20th, three companies of the regiment were sent to Griswoldville, where, after a skirmish with a rebel force, four of whom were killed, the command burned the town, arsenal, and railroad depot with a train of cars, and took seventy-five prisoners. On the 21st the whole division was engaged at Macon, and during the night the regiment was picketing the Macon road. Eesuming the march, reached Gor- don on the 23d, and on the 24th became engaged at Milledgeville, and thence proceeded to Gillam's plantation on the 25th, and on the 26th, after hard fighting all day, and marching 28 miles, reached Louisville. On the 27th the regiment moved in the direction of Waynesboro, and on the 28th was engaged while covering the rear of the division, losing two men killed and one wounded. Near Louisville, on the 29th, the regiment ^rove two brigades of the enemy from a mill, after a slight engagement. Proceed- ing towards Waynesboro on the 1st, 2d, and 3d of December, skirmishing during the night of the 2d; encamped on the night of the 3d; attacked Wheeler's cavalry on the 4th, driving them through Waynesboro in great con- fusion. On the morning of the battle Kilpatrick broke camp at 4 A. M., and when within about two miles of Waynesboro struck the rebel General Wheeler's command. The 9th Michigan was the third regiment in column, the 92d Illinois was acting as skirmishers, and the 10th Ohio cavalry in line mounted. On reaching within about a mile of the town the enemy made a stand, when the 10th Ohio charged, but were driven back in confusion. The 9th Michigan was then ordered to charge, and had to form while on the run from column of fours to that of battalions, driving the enemy from the field, taking 100 prisoners, and a large amount of small arms, and losing only one man killed, three wounded, and five horses shot. The charge was spoken of with favorable comment by General Kilpatrick and the brigade com- mander, General S. Atkins, in their official reports, and also received special notice in the report of the commanding general to the War Department. During the 5th and 6th the march was continued, the enemy attacking the regiment vigorously. On the 7th a charge was made by the 2d battalion in command of Major McBride, at Cypress Swamp, and after a severe fight, in which it lost two killed, two wounded, and five missing, he was compelled to retire. In this charge fell the gallant Captain Frederick S. Ladd. Advancing on the 8th and 9th in the direction of Savannah, skirmishing on the 9th, and continuing the movement forward on the 10th and 11th, having a brush on the 11th at Arnold's plantation, the regiment marched on the 12th to St. Catherine's Sound, communication was opened with the fleet on the 13th, and on the 14th it joined its division at King's Bridge, and on the 17th was ordered to Altamalia bridge, where it had a sharp engage- ment. From December 18th until January 1st, 1865, the regiment was in camp near Savannah, when it marched to Midway Ciiurch. Remaining there three days, it returned to its former camp, and on the 27th, with its division, MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 713 started on the Carolina campaign, reaching Sister's Ferry on tlie 3uth, and crossing the Savannah river into Sonth Carolina Febrnary 3d. The niarcli was continued on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8Lh, continuhig onwurd on tlio 9th and 10th, becoming engaged at Sulkehatchie on the Gtb, and at White Pond on the 9th. Moving towards Aiken on the 11th, the command was engaged with Wheeler's and Hampton's cavalry, and on tiieir being reinforced by infantry, the command retired after a sharp 6ght, the regiment covering the rear. On the 12th was engaged in skirmishing during the entire day and night, reaching the South Fork of the £,^lit of the 23d on pontoons. The regiment continued its march, reaching Phillips's Cross Roaiis on the 4th of March, where it engaged the enemy for three hours, a detachment of the reg- iment destroying the stables and a grist mill at Wadesboro after a brisk skir- mish. Crossing the Great Pedee river on the 6th, on the 7th it marched to Kockingham, burning a large factory at that point. Continuing tlie march on the 8th and 9ch, the roads becoming extremely bad, it was found neces- sary to build considerable causeway and a bridge, the regiment working in the water all day, having slight skirmishes with Hampton's cavalry, and on the 10th it became heavily engaged with the enemy at Solemn Grove. Reaching within three miles of Fayetteville on the 11th, passing through that place and crossing Cape Fear river on the 14th, participated in the attacks on the enemy in an entrenched position at Averysboro, on the 15th, the engage- ment continuing for three hours, in which one hundred prisoners and two pieces of artillery were taken, and the euemy driven in the direction of Neuso river. Moving towards the Neuse on the 16th, skirmishing with the enemy throughout the day, and proceeding on the march during tlie 17th, 18th, and 19th, on the 20th and 2l8t it took part in the heavy engagement at Bentonville. Continuing the march on the 22d, arrived at Clinton on the 23d, and at the Raleigh and Smithfield railroad on the 11th of A|)ril, skirmisliing at that point. Reaching within six miles of Raleigh on the 12th, a sharp engagement took place, and on the 13th, after some light skirmishing at Morrisville, Raleigh was surrendered to General Kilpatrick. Resuming the march on the 14th, the regiment reached Chapel Hill on the 17ii'. Ilillsboro May 3d, Greensboro the 5th, Lexington the 11th, arriving at Concord on the 14th, where in command of Lieutenant Colonel Brockway, it rLinained in camp until July 9th, where it was mustered out of service on the 2l8t, ordered back to Lexington, and on the 23d started for Michigan by rail, passing through Greensboro, Danville, Burksville Junction, and City Point, and thence via Baltimore, Pittsburg, Cleveland, and Detroit, to Jackson, arriving there ou the 30th of July. The service of this regiment was continuous in the field, and its record bears favorable comparison with Michigan cavalry regiments generally. In one respect it was exceptional, the 9th being the only Michigan cavalry regiment having the honor of marching with General Shermau'g army to the ocean, 90 714 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. and composed the escort of General Kilpatrick when he opened communica- tion between that army and the Atlantic coast, and at the time wlien that important and interesting dispatch from General Howard, of Sherman's army, dated December 9th, 1SG4, to the American fleet in St. Catherine's Sound, on tlie coast of Georgia, reaching it on the 13tli of that month, saying: *'We have had perfect success, and army in fine spirits." The regiment was in engagements with the enemy at Triplett Bridge, Ky., June 19, lb63 ; Lebanon, Ky., July 5, 1863 ; Salvisa, Ky., July 7, 1803 ; Cummings Ferry, Ky., July 9, 1863; Buthitigton's Island, Ohio, July 19, 1803; tSalineville, Ohio, July 26, 1863; Loudon, Tenn., September 2, 1863; Cumberland Gap, Tenn., September 9, 1863; Carter's Station, Tenn., Sep- tember 21, 1863; Zollicotfer, Tenn., September 25, 1863; Leesburg, Tenn., September 39, 1863; Blue Springs, Tenn., October 5 and 10, 1863; Rhea- town, Tenn., Octobe*' 11, 1863; siege of Knoxville, Tenn., December 5, 1863; Morristuwn, Tenn., December 10, 1863; Russellville, Tenn., December 12, 1863; Bean's Station, Tenn., December 14, 1863; Rutledge, Tenn., December 15, 1863; Dandridge, Tenn., December 25, 1863; Mossy Creek, Tenn., December 26, 1863; Kinsboro's X Roads, January 16, 1864; Dandridge, Tenn., January 17, 1864; Fair Garden, Tenn., January 24, 1864; Sevier- ville, Tenn., January 27, 1864; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January, 1864; Morristown, Tenn., March 19, 1864; Charles X Roads, Tenn., March 20, 1804; Cyiithiana, Tenn., June 12, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., August 1 to September 3, 1864; Stone Mountain, Ga., September 13, 1864. Lovejoy's Station, Ga., November 16, 1864; Clinton, Ga., November 19, 1864; Gris- woldville, Ga., November 20, 1864; Macon, Ga., November 21, 1864; Mil- ledgeville, Ga.. November 24, 1864; Louisville, Ga., November 26, 1864; Waynesboro, Ga., November 28, 1864; Louisville, Ga., November 29, 1864 ;, Waynesboro, Ga., December 4, 1864; Cypress Swamp, Ga., December 7, 1864; near Savannah, (ja., December 9, 1864; Arnold's plantation, Ga., December 11, 1804; Altamaha Bridge, Ga., December 17, 1864; Salke- hatchee, S. C, February 6, 1865; White Pond, S. C, February 9, 1865^ Aiken, S. C, February 11, 1805; Lexington, S. C, February 15, 1805; Broad River Bridge, S. C, February 17, 1865 ; Phillips's X Roads, N. C, March 4, 1865; Wadesboro, N. C, March 4, 1865; Solemn Grave, N. C, March 10, 1865; Averysboro, N. C, March 14 and 15, 1865; Bentonville, N. C, March 20 and 21, 1865; Raleigh and Smithfield railroad, N. C.^ April 11, 1865; Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865; Morrisville, N. C, April 13, 1865. The regiment had borne on its rolls 2,057 officers and men, and had lost 2^ officers and 23 men killed in action, 3 men died of wounds, and 2 officers and 151 men of disease, being a total of 181. "Oh! could from death but recover Those hearts as they bounded before, In the face of high heav'n to fight over The combat for freedom once morel" Notes. — General S. Atkins, Colonel of the 92d Illinois Mounted Infantry, who com- manded the brigade in -which the 9th served while on the Sherman campaign, said in a Bpeech made at a re-union of his regiment in 1867, that in a book recently published In Now York, edited by a southorn lady, credit is given to his brigade for firing the last loyal shot at the rebels prior to the surrender of Johnston's array. This occurred in a- hkirniish in which the 9th Michigan was engaged at MorrisiMlle, near Raleigh, on April 13,. 1865, the day on which the latter place was surrendered to General Kilpatrick. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 716 On the Sherman mai-ch, during a skirmish of the 9th Michigan Cavalry, and while sev- eral dead and wounded were being brought in, one of the wounded, suftfring great pain, was complaining loudly. An Irishman engaged in helping him was accos-ted by one of the ofiQcers and directed to handle the wounded man carefully. " I do, " said Tat, "but 'tis no use; he will hollow wid all his might, and malie more noise about his wound than that dead fellow lying there. " Extract from the journal of Colonel Alston, Chief of John Morgan's staff: "While I was paroling the prisoners, a courier arriveil informing me that the enemv were approaching with two regiments of cavalry and a battery of artillery, and that skirmishing was then going on with our pickets. I was, therefore, obliged to order the" prisoners to spniigiield on a double quick, .'^oon after we left Lebanon, the hardest rain I ever e.\pcrionced commenced to fall, and coniinued until 9 o'clock. Arrived at 8pringlleld atdark, when I hailed the prisoners in order to parole ihdse who were not paroleil at Lebanon, and formally dismissed them. This ileiaint d me at Sprmgtield two hours after the command had passed. Wet and chilly, worn out, hctrae tired and hungry, stopped to feed her. Falling asleep, was aroused by one of the men Siaricil on to the command. When I reached the point on the Bardstown road where I had expected the '2d brigade to encamp, was halted by a party of cavaly. Supposing them to be our own pickets, I rode up promptly to correct them for standing in full view of any one approaching, when lol to my inorti- flcation 1 found myself a prisoner. How I hated it no one can understand. The first thought, after my wife and children, was my fine mare ' Fannie Johnson,' named after a pretty little couoin of Itichniond, Va. I said, 'poor Fannie, who will treat you as kindly as 1 have.' 1 turned her over to the captain and begged him to take care of her, which he promised to do." TENTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. " Then for the battle, The mad charging battle, The cannon's fierce rattle, The victor's wild cheers." The rendezvous of the 10th cavalry was ac Grand Rapids. The regiment was raised under the direction of Colonel Thaddeus Foote, of the 6th Mich- igan cavalry. Its recruitment commenced July 4th, 1863, and it was mustered into the service of the United States on the 18th of November following, hav- ing on the rolls 915J officers and men. fieijD and staff. Thaddeus Foote, Colonel, Grand Rapids. Luther S. Trowbridge, Lieutenant Colonel, Detroit. Israel C. Smith, Grand Rapids, Cicero Newel, Ypsilanti, and Wesley Armstrong, Lapeer, Majors. David C. Spaulding, Surgeon, Lyons. Charles W. Leonard, Newaygo, and "William D. Scott, Greenville, Assistant Sureeons. Charles E. Soule, Adjutant, Lyons. Oliver N. Taylor, Quartermaster, Grand Rapids. Don. A. Dodge, Commissary, Grand Rapids. Henry Cherry, Chaplain, Owosso. The companies as mustered were as follows: A. Captain, John H. Standish, Broolis. First Lieutenant, Henry W. Seers, Musliegon. Second Lieutenant, Wallace W. Dickinson, Newaygo. B. Captain, Roderick L. Bryan, Franklin. First Lieutenant, Adam R. Insley, Mu ■. Second Lieutenant, Samuel T. Bryan, Jr., Franklin. C. Captain, Benjamin K. Weatlierwax, Grand Rapids. First Lieutenant, Stephen V. Thomas, Elba. Second Lieutenant, Lord W\ Hinnian, Elba. D. Captain, Archibald Stevenson, Bay City. First Lieutenant, Frederick N. Field, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, William H. Dunn, Ganges. E. Captain, Harvey E. Light, Eureka. First Lieutenant, Edwin J. Brooks, Leelanaw. Second Lieutenant, Robert G. Barr, Grand Rapids. F. Captain, Chauncey F. Shepherd, Owosso. First Lieutenant, WiUiam E. Cummings, Corunna. Second Lieutenant, Myron A. Conveise, Corunna. G. Captain, James B. Roberts, Ionia. First Lieutenant, Ambrose L. Soule, Lyons. Second Lieutenant, George W. French, Lyons. .• H. Captain, Peter N. Cook, Antrim. First Lieutenant, Edgar P. Byerly, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, John Q. A. Cook, Anlrlni. I. Captain, Amos T. Ayers, Bingham. First Lieutenant, Enos B. Bailey, Bingham. Second Lieutenant, George M. Farnham, St. Johns. K. Captain, Andrew J. Itsell, Marion. Fiist Lieutenant, WUliam T. Merritt, Eaton Rapids. Second Lieutenant, William Yerrington, Muir. L. Captain, Elliott F. Covell, Grand Rnpld;^. First Lieutenant, James H. Cummins, Holly. Second Lieutenant, Edwin A. Botsford, Fenton. M. Captain, James L. Smith, Plainlield. First Lieutenant, B. Franklin Sherman, Grand Rapids. Second Lieutenant, Jeremiah W. Boynton, Grand Rapids. The regiment left its rendezvous December 1, 1863, in command of Colonel Foote, under orders to proceed to the field in Kentucky via Cincinnati to Lex- (716) MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 717 ington, where it remained until the 25th January, 1864, when it moved to Burnside Point, having engaged the enemy at House Mountain. The 10th remained at Burnside Point from the 2d to the 25th of February, when it marched for Knoxville, East Tennessee, reaching there March 6th, and thence marched on the 16th to Morristown via Strawberry Plains. On March 2Gth it made a reconnois'^ance with a brigade of infantry to Beau's Station, and had a slight skirmish with the enemy. On the 24th of April the regiment moved from that point under orders from General J. D. Cox, commanding 3d Division, 23d Army Corps, to destroy a railroad bridge over the Watauga river at Cartei-'s Station. Having skir- mished with the enemy at Kheatown on the 24th, at Jonesboro and Johnson- ville on the 25th, reaching Carter's Station on that day, where, in command of Lieutenant Colonel Trowbridge, together with the 3d Indiana ("avalry, sup- ported if necessary by Manson's brigade of Cox's division, which marched up as far as Jonesboro, twelve miles from Carter's Station, the enemy was dis- covered in strong force aud in a well fortified position, and the assault was at once commenced. Tlie bridge was defended by the rebel General A. E. Jackson, called "Mud- wall Jackson," with a strong force occupying a strong redoubt, witli extensive and well constructed riiie-pits. The Union force iial one mountain how- itzer, commanded by Lieutenant E. J. Brooks, but owing to a very limited amount of amniunition he was unable to accomplish much, yet made some remarkably telling shots. It was soon ascertained that there was no possible way of reaching the bridge without first dislodging the enemy from their strong position, and this had to be accomplished at much risk by passing over per- fectly open ground for a distance of two hundred yards, swept by a very sharp and hot cross-fire from the opposite side of the river. Yet, being the first heavy undertaking of the regiment, Colonel Trowbridge felt unwilling to retire without accomplishing something, as it would produce an unfavorable effect upon his command. He therefore decided to make an attempt, dis- mounting about one-third of his men. With this small force he ordered an advance upon the enemy's position at double quick, when they gave way iu great disorder, leaving their works and taking shelter in a large mill near at hand, Major Israel C. Smith being the first man to enter the redoubt, and Cap- tain Benjamin K. Weatherwax the second. Assoon as the redoubt was gained an attempt was made to drive the enemy out of the mill, but the charging force was met with such a terrible and destructive volley that it was abandoned. In this daring and gallant attempt Captain Weatherwax lost his life, being shot through the heart. Colonel Trowbridge, in a special report of the affair, says of him : " Tlius was lost to us one of the most gallant and worthy offi- cers wiiom I have ever met. Full of noble and generous sympathy, the lofti- est })atriotism, with that courage which knows no fear, his loss was most deeply felt by the entire regiment." The fight was a brilliant success, though obtcinied at a loss of seventeen killed and wounded, and must be recognized as an uncommon victory, considering it was gained by dismounted cavalry, new and undisciplined, over a much superior force of well trained infantry hold- ing strong defensive works, and having, iu addition, to meet a most galling cross-lire of tlie enemy, thus rendering the success uncoininon at that stage of the rebellion, and should bo classed among the most gallant minor victories of the war. For the gallant charge on the enemy's works, the 10th was iiighly compli- mented by General Schofield. 718 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. The loss in the whole command was 1 officer and 3 men killed, 16 wounded and 4 missing. Of this the 10th lost 1 officer and 2 men killed, 8 wounded, and 3 missing. The regiment was also engaged at Powder Spring Gap on April 28th, 1864; at Diindridge, May 19th. On the 28th areconnoissance was made from Straw- berry Plains by one hundred and sixty men of the regiment. Next day reached Bull's Gap, and the day following at Greenville, where, at 2:30 P. M., the enemy was encountered one hundred strong. A brisk fight ensued, the rebels losing '^4 killed, 14 wounded, 38 horses and mules captured, and 26 prisoners and 17 negroes; returned on the 31st to Strawberry Plains. In June it met the enemy in skirmishes at Morristown on the 2d, Beau's Station 16th, Rogersville ITth, Kingsport 18th, Cany Branch 20th, New Market 21st, Mooresburg 23d, Williams's ford 25th, and on the 28th at Dutch Bottom. Says Colonel Trowbridge in a report: "I was ordeied to go up near the Virginia line to capture a large number of horses that ■were said to be in pasture. It was not expected that I would meet the enemy before I reached Kingsport, but unfortunately for the success of my enterprise, I met them at Bean's Station. I at once ordered Captain Robeils, with two companies, to charge them. One of the companies was commanded by Lieutenant, afterwards Cuptain Brooks. Bi'ooka was smarting under some Ul treatment from a superior officer, and immediately dashed forward with his company. After routing the rebels handsomely and charging them for a couple of miles. Captain Eoberts wisely ordered a halt; but Brooks had gone ahead with a few men, and actually kept up that charge, with three men with him, for a distance of ten miles and a half. Captain Brooks was afterwards rewarded for his gallantry by the brevets of Major and Lieutenant Colonel." During the month of July and the early part of August, detachments of the regiment were constantly engaged in scouting and pursuing small bands of the enemy in East Tennessee, meeting him at Sevierville July 5th, at Newport July 8th, at Morristown August 5th, and on the 4th at Greenville. On the 17th of August the 10th was ordered to report for temporary duty to Brigadier General Gillem, commanding the East Tennessee expedition, and on the 18th left Strawberry Plains under command of Lieutenant Colonel Trow- bridge, three hundred and twenty-five strong, three companies, D, F, and I, being left at Knoxville. Proceeding on the march, skirmishes with the enemy occurred at Mossy Creek on the 18th, at Bull's Gap on the 21st. On the 23d Giltner's brigade was met at Blue Springs, where a sharp fight took place, when the enemy, being dislodged from a strong position and pursued for seven miles, was driven in great confusion through Greenville, the 10th losing 6 men wounded, 2 of whom died of their wounds. Having moved through Rogersville, Bean's Station, and Bull's Gap, the regiment returned on the 3Jst to Strawberry Plains. While the 10th was absent, the convalescents and special duty men of the regiment, in command of Captain J. II. Standish, numbering about 125 men, were left in garrison at Strawberry Plains with some 150 from other commands. They were attacked on August 24th by a rebel cavalry corps under Wheeler, numbering from 6,000 to 8,000 men, with nine pieces of artillery. The Union troops made a successful defense against this force, and thus saved the post from capture and the great railroad bridge from destruction. During tliis attack seven of Standish's men, by hard fighting held McMil- lan's Ford, on the Ilolstou river, for three and a half hours against a brigade of rebel cavalry, killing forty or fifty of them, but were finally surrounded and captured. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. • 719 Colonel Trowbridge furnishes the following incident connected with the repulse of Wheeler nt Strawberry Plains, on August 24th : "Eight men were sent to guard McMillan's Ford, on the Holston; one of them went oflf on his own hook, so that seven were left. One of thoiu was a large, powerful fellow, the farrier of company B, by the name of Alexander H. Griggs, supposed to belong to Greenfield, Wayne county. These seven men actually kept back a rebel brigade from crossing that ford for three and a half hours by desperate fighting, killing forty or fifty. The rebels, by swimming the river above and below the ford, succeeded in capturing the whole parly. During the fight this big farrier was badly wounded in the shoulder. " General Wheeler was much astonished at the valor of these men, and at once paroled a man to stay and take care of this wounded man. Approaching the wounded farrier, the following dialogue is said to have taken place: " General WHEEiiER. Well, my mtin, how many men had you at the ford? " Griggs. Seven, sir. " Wheeler. My poor fellow, don't you know that you are badly wounded? You might as well tell me the truth; you may not live long. " Griggs (indignantly). I am telling the truth, sir. We had only seven men. "Wheeler laughing). Well, what did you expect to do? " Griggs. To keep you from crossing, sir. "Wheeler (ureatly amused and laughing). Well, why didn't you do It? "Griggs. Why, you see, we did until you hit me, and that weakened our forces ao fnuch that you were too much for ua. " Wheeler was greatly amused, and inquired of another prisoner (who happened to be a horse farrier too), 'Are all the 10th Michigan like you fellows?' ' Oh, no!' said the man, ' we are the poorest of the lot. We are mostly horse farriers and blacksmiths, and not much accustomed to fighting.' 'WeU,' said Wheeler, 'if I had 300 such men as you I ■could march straight through h — I." On the same day Major Smith, of the 10th, was sent out from Knoxville with 72 men, all the mounted force that could be mustered, to scout in the •direction of Strawberry Plains and ascertain the position of the enemy. With the true spirit of a cavalryman, he ordered his advance guard to charge the first party of rebels they should see. They discovered the enemy two and a half miles from Flat Creek Bridge, and, according to orders, charged them in gallant style. Smith followed up with his command. The enemy proved to be the 8th Texas Cavalry, 400 strong. Smith routed them completely, cap- turing their commanding officer, a lieutenant colonel, and 30 or 40 prisoners, and was hotly })ursuiug them at a full gallop when he came to Flat Creek Bridge — a long, high, and narrow bridge. Over this Smith charged, to find himself confronted by Hume's division of rebel cavalry, 2,000 strong, drawn up in line of battle, scarcely 300 yards from the bridge. Of course he had- to get away, which he succeeded in doing without any very great loss, though the enemy charged him for seven miles. The boldness of the thing annoyed the rebels not a little, and they ever after entertained a wholesome fear of the 10th Michigan Cavalry. This regiment, in command of Colonel Trowbridge, wtis stationed at Straw- berry Plains, September 1, 18G4, engaged in fortifying that point, and in the usual routine of camp duty and occasional scouting. On the 4th it par- ticipated in suritrising and routing Morgan's forces. Morgan, with a force of about 7,000 men, made up of nine pieces of artil- lery, two regiments of infantry, and his entire cavalry force, are encamped along the Greenville road, in East Tennessee. Tiie lOtii .Miciiigan Cavalry, then in command of Major Newell, encamped near liulls' Gap, is ordered by General Gillam to attack the enemy's camp. Marching all night, he dis- mounts his men at daylight and charges into Morgan's first camp, driving the enemy in hot haste, leaving their breakfast half cooked, and their dead and 720 • MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. wounded. Reaching the second camp, the enemy is found in better condition. General Gillam comes up with the 9th Tennessee Cavalry (Colonel BjowdIow), orders that regiment to the charge with sabres, bu^t a sharp fire from the enemy drove the regiment back. The 13th Tennessee Cavalry (Colonel Miller) comes up, the enemy driving the 9th advances rapidly, with a large cavalry force, at least 1,000 strong, filling the road from fence to fence. The 10th Michigan opens fire at about half pistol range with carbines, and soon the road is blocked with dead and wounded men and horses. The enemy, confused, hastily falls back, pursued to the woods, but is slielled out and pushes on to Greenville; is again charged on, becomes demoralized, breaks up, and flees. Morgan and staff are discovered under shelter of a house; a company of the 13th Tennessee is sent to capture him; he ruslies for his horse, but is shot in the attempt by a sergeant of the company. One hundred prisoners, including Morgan's staff and six pieces of artillery, taken. During this month the 10th was constantly engaged in pursuing the forces of Morgan and Wheeler, and skirmished at Sweet Water and Thorn Hill on the 10th, and on the I8th at Sevierville. On the oUth the regiment assisted in driving the enemy from their position at Carter's Station. In October and November it was employed on picket duty and scouting, having encountered the enemy at Johnson's Statiun on the 1st, Watauga Bridge on the 1st and 2d, Chucky Bend on the 10th, Newport on the 18th, Irish Bottoms on the 25th, and on the 30th at Madisonville. On the 16th of November General Bieckenridge, with a large rebel force, made his appearance in front of the garrison at Strawberry Plains, and on th& 17th commenced a vigorous attack with artillery from the opposite side of the- Holston river, at the same time threatening it in the rear with a heavy cav- alry force. Colonel Trowbridge, then in command of the troops in that vicinity, in a statement made since the war regarding the Breckenridge campaign in East Tennessee, says: "In the fall of 1864, when Sherman, breaking loose from all his communications, had started on that great march to the sea, which was to crown him with immortal glory, and Hood, thinking to take advantage of this movement of Sherman, attempted by a counter movement to carry the theatre of war to the Ohio river, General Breclienridge, to make a diversion in Hood's favor, moved into East Tennessee with a considerable force of cav- alry, infantry, and artillery. As we were accustomed to lai-ge armies then this force did not seem large, but it was a larger army than that with which some of the decisive battle* of the revolution wex'e gained. It was larger than the army with which General Taylor fought the battle of Buena Vista. His infantry and artillery were under the command of a former citizen of this State with whom I was quite well acquainted. General John B. Palmer, formerly of Detroit. His cavalry was commanded by that brave and skillful soldier, General Basil Duke. This movement was perhaps more imposing and threaten- ing in appearance than in fact. There is no doubt tliat it created some appieliensions at General Thomas's headquarters. Stoneman at Louisville was directed to send at once to- East Tennessee all the mounted men he could raise, while Sti^edman at Chattanooga was ordered to send all the men he could spare to Knoxville. General Animon was in com- mand of the district of East Tennessee, with headquarters at Knoxville, with General Tillson in command of the fortifications at Knoxville and all outposts, of whicli that at Strawberry Plains was one. None of the reinforcements ordered readied East Tennessee in time to bo of service. Outside of tlie garrison at Knoxville the troops available to meet the advancing army of Breckinridge, was an independent brigtido of Tennessee cavalry, of tliree regiments, numbering about 2,00U men, and a small command at Straw- beiTy Plains made up from different commands, a small portion of the lOih JMichigan cav- alry, a battalion of Kentucky cavalry, a section of artillery in the forts which our unwil- ling liands had constructed, but which we found lo be very handy to have in case of emtu'gency, and some scouts, hundred-days men, etc., numbering all told about 350 men. Gillem, with his brigade, was posted at Bull's Gap, about 4.0 miles above Strawberry MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 721 Plains, a position of no consequence, as it protected nothing and could be turned with the greatest ease. Gillem, however, for some reason not apparent to ordinary mortals, determined to hold that position, and only withdrew when lie found his Hank turned and his hne of retreat in danger of bemg cut ofif. While relirinK from that position he was vigorously attacked by Duke and his command routed. There soon followed a stampede which was almost unsuipassed by anything in tlie history of the war. Colonel Kirk, with 100 North Carolina troops, and Major Smith of the lotii Micliigan cavalry, with 100 meu of that regiment, and 100 of the 1st Ohio heavy artillery, had been sent up by railway to Monistown to reinforce Gillem. They formed their men on either side of the road and sent back the train which had brought them. They had scarcely taken their positions wlion on came the demoralized troops of Gillem, in the full tide of disgraceful retreat. Then came the exultant enemy, intoxicated with their success, taking prisoners at almost every step. They came crowding on, flushed with the full excitement of successful pur- suit. It was a clear, moonlight night. On a rise of ground a little out of Morristown, behind a fence, silently waited the veterans of the 10th. On came the .exultmg enemy. "When a few rods from the fence there rang out from that dark line, 'Halt! who comes there?' ' Johnny rebs! ' was the quick response. Then came the sharp, quick tones of Smith's voice, 'Eeady, aim, fire!' and from the line of that fence there leaped forth a bhnding sheet of flame, carrying with it death and destruction to many a brave man. The enemy, dazed and stunned, stopped and reeled for a moment, then turned and fled In wildest confusion. Oh! then for a single squadron to follow up that volley with the charge, and the pursuit would have been turned to a rout. But no, it was not to be. There was no squadron to make the charge. Demoralization had so lar taken possession of Gillem's troops that they could not bo rallied. Gillem himself with two or three officers and about twenty men, had abandoned his command, and taking a by-road through the woods had started for KnoxvUle. Smith and Kirk, finding themselves entirely unsupported, quietly withdrew their commands to the woods and made their way back, Smith to Strawberry Plains and Kirk to Knoxville. Gillem lost his wagon train, a fine battery of six Parrot guns, and nearly one-fourth of his command was taken prisoners, while the balance of the command was so demoralized as to be of no account in the fur- ther movements of that campaign. Let no one charge the responsibility of this shameful disaster upon the rank and file of the regimental or company officers of the Tennessee troops. Let no one say, either, that it was due to a want of cooperation on the part of other officers. Let the responsibility rest where it belongs — on the chief officer in oom- mand. Had he handled his troops steadily and properly, a stampede would have been impossible. "There was at Strawberry Plains an entrenched camp, the defenses of which had been constructed by the 10th Michigan Cavalry. The position was an admirable one, and the defenses well made. A force sufficient to man the entire line could have maintained Itself against many times its own number. In fact, although the force there was quite inade- quate to man the whole line, and although many of them wore indifferently armed and disciplined, yet I think there was no feeling of uneasiness at the approach of Breckenridge with his largely outnumbering force. The disaster to Gillem's command occurred on the night of November 13th, 1864. On the next day some of the scattered fragments of his command arrived at Strawberry Plains and went into bivouac in rear of our entrenched camp, a place nearly as sate, we thought, as behind the fortifications at Knoxville. Had they gone to work to reorganize and dispel from their minds the demoralizing events of the previous night, they might have made themselves of great service behind our entrench- ments. Bilt that was not to be. About midnight some one reported that the enemy was crossing the river at McKinney's Ford to get upon our rear. Thereupon these poor, de- moralized fellows, saddled and bridled in hot haste and started for Knox\ille, loa\ing the ground strewn with sabres, i)istols, and carbines, from which others found it convenient to replenish tlieir supplies. On the morning of tlie 15tii Major I. C. Smith Hrrived with his command, giving more particulars of the stampede. The telegrapli being in operation, I telegraphed General Tillson that if ho deemed it important to hold that post I thought it would be well to send reinforcements, and on the IGth 300 men of tlio '2d Uhlo Heavy Artillery arrived. A scouting party sent out during the day rejiorted the enemy advan- cing in heavy force, and it was reported that he was also crossing the river to get in our rear. That night the men all slept in tlie trenches, leaving their comfortable quarters deserted, as it was thought an attack would be made early in the morning. There was reaUy nothing to be feared from tlu; attack from the other side of the river. Some of the planks had been taken up on the bridge, and it was so covered by our guns as to make a crossing impossible, except at an immense loss of life. It was only from tlie rear that danger was to be feared. Accordingly a scout was sent out during the night of the 16Ui, to ascertain how far the enemy had approached. On the morning of the 17th, as day was breaking, the enemy opened with ai'tillei-y from College Hill. An hour before I had beeu 91 723 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. told to expect this, by Major Newell, who had heard the rumbling of their artillery during the night. I had therefore sent word to Captain Wood, at the fort, to look out for them and return compliments without delay. He replied to their morning salutation without any hesitation, warning them to be careful how they exposed themselves. Then followed an interesting and somewhat exciting artillery duel for some time. In the midst of it my scouting party returned and reported the enemy on our side of the river in strong force, and not far away. I at once threw out a heavy skirmish line, a half mile or so from the camp, and soon the business of the day began. The fighting was sharp and constant during the day, until late in the afternoon, when the enemy retired up the river on our side, and the infantry and artillery on the other side drew back beyond the reach of our guns. The enemy continued in our immediate front on the other side of the river until the 21st, when they commenced falling back and Major Newell crossed the river and drove the last ones from College Hill. There had been skirmishing every day, but nothing serious after the 17th. Breckenrl'ge was stopped at Strawberiy Plains by a force less than one sixth of his own number. He came no nearer Knoxville than that, which is about 16 miles. General Ammon had his headquarters at Knoxville, but whether he was there at that time I do not know. I certainly had no communication from him regarding the fight, and I certainly have no reason to suppose that he knew anything more about it than General Thomas, who was at Nashville. You may judg<^ of our surprise, then, at seeing in the telegraphic reports that General Ammon had repu s 'i Breckenridge at Strawberiy Plains after a stubborn fight! My surprise, however, is taiill greater to find in Van Horn's history of the Army of the Cumberland the statement that Breckenridge closely followed Gillem to the vicinity of Knoxville, and that he withdrew from the vicinity of Knoxville on the 18th, and that General Ammen, reinforced by 1,500 men from Chattanooga, reoc- cupied StraAvberry Plains the same day. I suppose, however, that Van Horn took his statement from General Thomas's report, in which he says: 'Following up his success, Breckenridge continued moving southwest, through Sirawberiy Plains, to the immediate vicinity of Knoxville, but on the 18th withdrew as rapidly as he had advanced. General Ammon's troops, reinforced by 1,500 men from Chattanooga, reoccupied Strawberry Plains on that day.' " During the remaining portion of the month, and up to December 6th. 18^4, the regiment was employed in constructing fortifications at Strawberry Plains, when, on the receipt of orders, it marched to Knoxville. Soon after a detach- ment under command of Captain James B. Roberts joined an expedition to Saltville, Va., and helped to destroy the salt works at that point, being engaged with the enemy at Kingsport, December 12th ; at Bristol, December 14th ; and at Saltville, December 20th. Returning to Knoxville it had a skir- mish at Ohucky Bend, January 10, 1865. Remaining at Knoxville until March 21st, the brigade to which it was attached marched to Upper East Tennessee, under conimand of Brevet Brigadier General Palmer. Joining the expedition of General Stoneman into North Carolina, the regi- n)ent, in conim:ind of Colonel Trowbridge, who had resigned his appointment as Provost Maislial General of East Tennessee in order to take command of his regiment, entered upon that campaign, covering which he gives the fol- lowing sketch, made since the war: "I doubt whether there was any enterprise during the war of so great magnitude, and which accomplished so great results and received so little attention, as the Stoneman raid of 18G5. •Cho reasons for this were manifest enough. There were so many other things of greater moment transpiring at that time that the thoughts of the people were fixed elsewhere. Wilson, with his magnificent army of cavalry, was sweeping down through Alabama, accomplishing what seemed to be miracles of valor, carrying by stoiin points wliicli seemed sufficient lo maintain the staunchest defense, and sending dismay and despair through all that portion of the Confederacy. Canby and Farragut were knocking at tlie gates of Mobile; Sherman, with the stride of a giant, was marching through the Carolinas with his great army, fresh from the march to the sea; while Grant, with tireless and never-ceasing tenacity, was tightening his hold on Richmond, preparing lor those final blows which were to shiver the Confederacy to pieces. What wonder that th(! eyes of all tlic people were directed to these great movements, and that few thought of the movenient.sof a small division of cavalry, starting from East Tennessee, and destined to accomplish a service which in certain contingencies would have been of the greatest importance in the great tragedy of war then drawing to a closf ? MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 723 In the spring of 18G5 General Grant, antlcipatini,' tliat If Lee should be forced out of Richmond he might undertake to move through south western Virginia, and, driving our forces out of East Tennessee, strive to establish himself in some of the many stronf^ positions which that mouutaluous country afforded, directed General Thomas to send a force to destroy the railways, so far as possible, towards Lyncliburg, thus putting a great obstacle in the way of the movement supposed to be contemplated by General Lee. The expedition, consisting of three brigades of cavalry, under the command of General Stone- man, was concentrated at Mossy Creek, March 22d. On the 25th of March, ten miles west of Jouesboro, everything that could relard a rapid march was left behind, one -ambulance, one wagon, and four guns, with their caissions, being the only vehicles accompanying the expedition. The object of this expedition was kept a profound secret, and much speculation was indulged in as to the direction we were to take. By the move- ment of one brigade to Carter's Station the idea was conveyed to the enemy that we were going directly into Virginia. But by a rapid movement the command crossed the Watauga river farther up and struck directly across the mountains towards North Caro- lina. On the 27th we reached Boone, a litt ie town far up in the mountains. At this place Major Keogh, of General Stoneman's staff, afterwards slain by the Indians in the Custer massacre, with a detachment of the 12th Kentuckj' cavaliy, routed a company of home guards, capturing sixty. Here the brigades separated, General Stoneman, with Palmer's brigade, moving on to Wilkesboro by Deep Gap, while the other two brigades, with the artillery, moved to the same point by the Flat Gap road. At this point the command halted for a day, partly for rest, partly because a sudden rise in the Yadkin river had placed it beyond fording; but more, I fancy, to give full effect to the sudden appearance of so large a body of cavalry in that pt)rtion of North Carolina, threatening Greensboro and Salisbury. The strategy was well planned and effective. The enemy was entirely deceived as to our point of attack. By a rapid march to the north General Stoneman found the railways lumiing from Lynchburg to East Tennesee entirely at his mercy. At Hillsville, Colonel Miller, with 500 picked men, was sent to Wytheville, where he destroyed a depot of supplies, and on his march two important railway bridges. At Jacksonville Major Wagner, of the 15th Pennsylvania cavalry, was despatched to Salem, where he began the work of destruction and carried it on to within a few miles of Lynchburg. The balance of the command moved on to Christiansburg, where it arrived about midnight April Ith. The 10th Michigan cavalry was at once sent to the east to destroy the bridges ■over the Eoanoke river, and the 11th Michigan cavalry to the west to destroy the great bridge over New river. The next morning those bridges were effectually destroyed. The 10th destroyed six large, beautiful bridges over the Eoanoke river, a destruction which would have been avoided could the events of the next ten days have been foreseen. It was while engaged in the destruction of these bridges that I obtained a Lynchburg paper of the preceding day, giving an account of the fall of Richmond. The train which brought the paper had neard of our apprt)ach and had gone no further than the station where we were at work. I at once sent the paper by the fleetest horse to be found in the regiment to General Stoneman at Chrisiianh^biirg, and was thus fortunate in giving him the first information that he had of the fall of Richmond. "The main object of the expedition was accomplished. For a distance of 125 miles that railway so importixnt to General Lee in case of his escape from Grant was in ruius. Nearly every bridge and trestle for that distance had been totally destroyed or entirely disabled. Well might General Thomas say, 'A railroad was never more thoroughly dismantled than was the East Tennessee and Virginia from Wytheville to near Lynch- burg.' " .\fter a short rest we were ordered to move by Rocky Mount to Martinsville, and there await the arrival of the balance of the brigade. Our time was short and we made tlie distance of 75 miles in 27 hours to find the place occupied by Colonel Wheeler's ■cavalry, wliere we were to await tlie brigade. Under the circiunstances we could not well remain there with that party in the town, and therefore to their great astonishment we insisted on their going. They did not seem inclined to go and wo had a oro was our objective point, and consequently troops were withdrawn from Salisbury and rapidly sent to the threatened point. The enemy saw their mistake when ■a few days later Stoiieman appeared before Salisbury instead of Greensboro. " The brigade being reunited at Martinsville, we moved to Danbury and Germantown, from which places Palmer's brigade was sent to Salem to destroy some largo factories 724 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. engaged in manufacturing clothing for the rebel army, and then to operate on the railway running from Greensboro to Salisbury, while Stoneman with the other two brigades- crossed Shallow Ford and started du-ectly for Salisbury. Upon arriving at Salem Gen- eral Palmer sent the 15th Pennsylvania cavalry to strike the railway between Greens- boro and Danville, and the 10th Michigan cavalry to destroy some bridges over Abbott's Creek, between Greensboro and Salisbury, sending one battalion to High Point to make a diversion in that direction, while he remained with the balance of the brigade at Salem. The 15th Pennsylvania met with marked success on its ezpedition. It broke the railway between Greensboro and Danville as directed, and on its route surprised a South Carolina regiment of cavalry, making prisoners of its commanding officer and a large number of the men. The battalion of the 10th Michigan seot to High Point, succeeded in capturing two railway trains, loaded with quartermaster, commissary, and medical supplies, some large depots of supplies, and several thousand bales of confederate cotton. The value of the property destroyed by this detachment was estimated at more than three millions of dol- lars. The other two battalions of the 10th, numbering not more than 300 men, proceeded to destroy the bridges over Abbott's creek, after accomplishing which they were to move directly on to Salisbury to cooperate with General Stoneman. After accomplishing the destruction of two bridges, this little command suddenly came upon Ferguson's brigade of rebel cavalry, numbering about 1,200 men. I never found a time entirely convenient and comfortable for meeting on the road a force outnumbering my own four or five to one, but if there is any time more uncomfortable than another it is at the end of an all-night march, when men and horses are jaded and worn with fatigue, and weak for want of food and rest. The meeting was a mutual surprise. When first discerned the enemy was in camp, wholly ignorant of our approach. With fresh hoi'ses and a force anywhere nearly match- ing the enemy, it would not have been difficult to make a sudden attack with the chances of success largely in our favor. But with horses worn by an almost continuous march of nearly twenty-four hours, it seemed extremely hazardous to attack a force so largely outnumbering ours, and that force fresh and rested with a comfortable night in camp. Then, again, should we succeed in driving the enemy it would be directly towards Salisbury where he might augment the forces with which Stoneman was expected to be soon engaged. On the other hand, if they could be drawn after us it would add to the chances of Stoneman's success, which was far more important than anything we could do. These considerations settled the matter, and it was decided to withdraw. No sooner was the movement commenced than we were attacked with great fury. Then followed one of the most spirited and exciting, and in my judgment one of the best fought of the minor ongage- ments of the war. The 10th faUing back by alternate squadrons, constantly presented an unbroken front to the enemy, wheeling out of column into line and steadily delivering their volleys from their Spencer carbines until they could see another squadron formed to receive the shock of the enemy, then wheeling into column and falling back to a new position. Officers and men without exception showed a courage, a coolness, and disciplme imsurpassed, in my judgment, in the annals of the war. The movements were all con- ducted with as much precision as if the place had been but a parade ground and the exer- cise but the sham fighting of the diiU. The enemy attempted to pass a column by each flank, while the attacks on our rear were made with a daring and courage worthy of a better cause. The fighting was constant and fierce, without a moment's interruption for nearly three hours, and extending over a space of about six miles, when the enemy became discouraged at his failure to suri-ound the handful of men and ceased his pursuit. His loss in this engagement was afterwards ascertained to have been about 75 in killed and wounded, while ours was trifling, " Major Dunn, (10th Mich.) , in this action bore a most conspicuous and gallant part, for which he received the commission of major by brevet from the Secretary of War. " General Stoneman moved on to Salisbury. I need not go fully into details of that engagement for they can be found recorded in the histories. One incident is worth men- tioning, as it illustrates the valor of Michgian troops. "When General Stoneman went to capture Salisbury, N. C, he met the enemy at a little stream a few miles from town. The stream had very high and precipitous banks and could not be forded. The only way to cross it was by a narrow bridge, which was effectually commanded by the enemy's artillery. After trying for some time to get them out of their position with his artillery without success, Stoneman called to him Major Smith of the 10th, and said: 'Major, I want you to take twenty men, armed with the Spencer carbines, and cross this creek and flank those fellows out there.' Smith took his twenty men, and crossing the creek on a log out of sight of the enemy, steadily apprached and fired a volley into their flank, when the whole force broke in the greatest confusion. Stacey, with his Tennessee cavalry, was on them in an instant, and the fight was over. Results: 19 pieces of artillery, 1,100 prisoners, and supphes en ugh for an army of 100,000 men. This exploit of Major Smith and his gallant little band was a& daring as it proved successful. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. Tii) " A few days later we learned of the surrender of L.>e's arinv. For some days we were occupied in paroling prisoners. Then came the armistice, and we were ordered home. We had made one day's march into the mountains when we learned that the armistice had been disapproved at Washington, and we wore ordered to South Carolina to lay waste the country so that no supplies could reach Johnston's army. Then came the sur- render of Johnston. Then it was reported that Mr. Davis, the late head of the defunct Confederacy, was tr>-ing to get away with a large amount of specie, and we received the remarkable order to spare neither men nor horses, but to pursue him to the ends of the earth if necessary to insure his capture, and to obey no orders except thos^e coming direct from the Secretary of War. The ex-President was then crossing our front, or had crossed it two days before, going toward the southwest, with an escort of four brigades of cavalry, under the command of Duke, Ferguson, and Dibrell, with scattered detach- ments of Vaughn's, Harris's, and Butler's commands, all of which had evaded the terms of the surrender of Johnston to Sherman. By a wide detour and ra[.id march we were thrown across the front of his line of march at Athens, Ga. His escort did not relish any more fightinsr, and began rapidly to fall apart. It was reported that they were paid off with the specie which they were trymg to get away with. I have with me a silver dollar obtained from one of his escort, and which I have carried for IG years. I need not go into details of our work on the hunt for Mr. Davis. For a distance of 150 miles north and south our scouts were on every road running to the west. Every bridge, ford, or ferry -was carefully watched and guarded, all of which resulted in the great good fortune of General Pritchard and his brave comrades of the 4:th Michigan Cavalry. We acted in one sense as drivers of the game, while they were fortunate in getting on the runway. I cannot find it in my heart to envy the good fortune of such brave and gallant men, but I rejoice that, while we could not be so fortunate, it was still reserved for Michigan men to capture the distinguished leader of a bad cause, seeking to save himself by cowardly flight. Are you not amused at his boastful declaration that at the time of his capture his purpose was to rush on the mounted man, dismount him, seize his horse, and make his escape? Don't you wish he had tried it? It probably would have saved us a deal of trouble! He would have had no occasion to ask anyone to go his bail. I suppose his skirts prevented him! " The capture was not known to us until some days after it was made. Our command -was so scattered that it took a long time to communicate with headquarters, so that it was not until the 22d of May that we received orders to return to Knt)xville, and on Un* 25th of May the regiment reached a base of supplies at Guntersville, on the Tennessee river. "From March 25th to May 25th we had been living in the enemy's country, cut off from all bases of supplies, with no opportunity to hear from the loved ones at home, and only one or two chances to send word home of our own welfare, and having marched, I suppose, not less that 1,800 mUes. " Upon returning to East Tennessee after the Stoneman Raid and the pursuit of Jeff. Davis, the regiment was encamped at Lenoir Station and Sweetwater under the command of Major Standish, Colonel Trowbridge having won the honorable promotion of Biigadier and Major General by brevet, being in com- mand of the brigade and for a short time of the division. In the latter part of August, 1865, the Tenth was ordered to West Tennessoe where it served until November 11th, when it was mustered out of service at Memphis, and in command of Colonel Smith returned to Michigan, arriving on the 15th at Jackson, where it was disbanded. Engagements and skirmishes of the regiment were : At House Mountain. Tenn., January, 1864; Bean's Gap, Tenn., March 26, 1864; Hheatown, Tenn., April 24, 1864; Joiusboro, Tenn., April 25, 1864; Johnsonville, Tenn., April 25, 1864; Watauga, Tenn., April 25, 1864; Powder Spring Gap, Tenn., April 118, 1864; Dandridge, Tenn., May 19, 1864; Greenville. Tenn., May 30. 1864; White Horn, Tenn., May 31, 1864; Morristown, Tenn., June 2, 1864; Bo;in's Station, Tenn., June 16, 1864; Rogersville, Tenn., June 17, 1864; Kingsport, Tenn., June 18, 1864; Cany Branch, Tenn., June 20, 1864; New Market, Tenn., June 21, 1864; Moseburg, Tenn., June 23, 1864; Williams Ford, Teun., June 25, 1864; Dutch Bottom, Tenn., June 28, 1864; Sevierville, 726 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Tenn., July 5, 1864;' Newport, Teun., July 8, 1864; Morristown, Tenn.^ August 3, 18G4; Greenville, Tenu., August 4, 1864; Mossy Creek, Tenn., August 18, 1864 ; Bull's Gap, Tenn., August 21, 1864 ; Blue Spring, Tenn., August 23, 1864 ; Greenville, Tenn., August 23, 1864 ; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., August 24, 1864; Flat Creek Bridge, Tenn., August 24, 1864;Rogersvilley Tenn., August 27, 1864; Bull's Gap, Tenn., August 29, 1864; Greenville, Tenn., September 4, 1864; Sweetwater, Tenn., September 10, 1864; Thorn Hill, Tenn., September 10, 1864; Sevierville, Tenn., September 8, 1864; Jonesboro, Tenn,, September 30, 1864; Johnson Station, Tenn., October 1,. 1864; Watauga Bridge, Tenn., October 1 and 2, 1864; Chucky Bend, Tenn., October 10, 1854; Newport, Tenn., October 18, 1864; Irish Bottoms, Tenn., October 25, 1864; Madisonville, Tenn., October 30, 1864; Morristown, Tenn., November 20, 1864; Strawberry Plains, Tenn., November 23 and 24, 1864; Kingsport, Tenu., December 12, 1864; Bristol, Tenn., December 14, 1864; Saltville, Va., November 20, 1864; Chucky Bend, Tenn., January 10, 1865; Brabson's Mills, Tenn., March 25, 1865; Boonville, N. C, March 27, 1865; Henry Court House, Va., April 8, 1865; Abbott Creek, N. C, April 10, 1865; High Point, N. C, April 10, 1865; Statesville, N. C, April 14, 1865; New- ton, N. C, April 17, 1865. The membership of the 10th had been, while in service, 2,050 officers and men, and its losses 271. Killed in action, 2 officers and. 18 men; died of wounds, 11 meu; and 240 of disease. "As on the field at break of day, A vanquished chief expiring lay, Upon the sands with broken sword He traced his farewell to the free; And there the last unfinished word He dying wrote, was 'Liberty!'" Notes.— A correspondent furnished the following: "I telegraphed to you the fact, of Colonel Trowbridge's appointment to the ofiflce of Provost Marshal General of East Tennessee. The Colonel's speech, given below, upon the occasion, is one, I think, that deserves a record: '"OFFiOEKS AND SOLDIERS OF THE lOxH MICHIGAN Oavalry:— It is with many regrets that I announce to you my separation from the regiment. P'or many months I have been a sharer of your joys and sorrows, and to some extent of your dangers and hardships. I have gloried in your success, and rejoiced in the good name you have so nobly won. Higher authority has seen> fit to designate me for a position apart from the regiment. While I yield cheerful obedience to all lawful orders, it costs me many a regret to part with men with whom I have been connected by so many tender and interesting associations. I desire to tender to you all my most heartfelt thanUs for your cheerful obedience, yoiir prompt and earnest co-operation in all measures to premote the welfare of the regiment and service. It is a cause of gratitude that I can commit your interests to the care of so brave and accomplished an oflicer and high minded gentleman as Major J. H. Standish. I bespeak for him the same full and hearty Co-operation which you have so generally granted tome. The term of my absence is uncertain, but whatever may be its duration, I shall ever follow your career with interest, and it shall be the source of my greatest joy and pride that I once had the honor of commanding so brave ami gallant a regiment.' "I will only add that while we sincerely regret the necessity of our Colonel's absence, we heartily rejoice with him in his promotion to so high and honorable a position. " The following incident growing out of this watch on the Catawba was gathered by the author in conversation with a citizen of Detroit, wlio had no expectation of seeing it put in condition for permanent preservation. Its inlierent interest, as well as its connection with one of Michigan's soldiers, will bo a sufficient justification for its insertion here. On a pleasant afternoon in the month of , 187 — , three gentlemen were seated in the director's i-oom of the First National Bank in Detroit. One was the ever courteous and genial cashier, Emory Wendell. Another was General Wm. B. McCreei-y, then State Treasurer. The third, a tall, dark-haired, black-eyed, swartliy man, wiiose erect carriage and manly bearing would have suggested tlie thought of his having been at some time a soldier, even had he not responded to the title of major. The business upon which they MICHIGAN IN TUE WAR. 727 had been enpraged seemed to be disposed of, when the dark-haired stranger spoke: "Well, now, j,'eiitU'nien, I once met with a man from your State that I would bo miirhty glad to see." " Mft him during the war, I presume; some old grudge to settle?" responded Wendell. " Oh, no, " said llie stranger; "the farthest in the world from that. My meeting him was during the war, 'tis true, but I have nothing but the kindest feelings lor him. In fact, he treated me very handsomely, and I would go a hundred miles to see him. I would just like to let him know that we southern cha])s do not always forget a kindness. I can't remember his name, but I would give a heap to see him. He was an offlcer of cavalry, but I can't recall his name." Then the other two of the trio began calling over names of such officers us occurred to them, but without success, when one of them noticed the "Red Book of Michigan," and taking it down they commenced going over the cavalry regiments in order. When they reacliod the 10th Cavalry and mentioned the name of Colonel Trowbridge — "that's the name," spoke up the stranger; "now where does he live?" " Oh, well, "said Wendell, " you won't have to go one hundred miles nor one hundred rods to see him. Just you sit down and I'll have him here in five minules. He has an office up this street, not more than three blocks away." So tliey sat down, and a messenger was sent iov the former Colonel of the 10th Cavalry. He came at once, and as he entered the rooui he was met by the smiling cashier, who said to him: "Now, General, look at that gentleman over there, and own up like a man how much you owe him." General T. looked at the stranger for a moment, and then said frankly: "Per- haps I ought to know him; my memory is very treacherous, but I must confess that I cannot remember ever seeing him before." "Well," said the stranger, "I do not wonder at your not knowing me. You have no special reason for remembering me, but I have a very good one for remembering you. Let me tell you a little story which may refresh your recollection, possibly. In the spring of 1865, at the time of Lee's surrender, I was major of a Georgia regiment of artillery. I took a foolish notion tiiat if I could steal away ■without being paroled, and get across the Mississippi, I would like to help keep up the fight there. I thought I was not licked. I have changed my mind since then, but no matter. I had that notion then, and so getting together the men of my old battery, we set out to get across ihe big river. We got on well enough for a few days. We stole along the base of the mountains until we reached the Catawba river at a ford a few miles from Newton, in Western North Carolina. The citizens told us there had been some Yan- kee troops tliere a few days before, but whether they were still there they could not tell. The river at that point was very wide, and the ford led across an island in the middle of the river. We approached very cautiously, keeping a sharp lookout for blue coals, but none were visible, and we all got safely across to the island without seeing u sign of our enemies. From the island we scanned the southern bank of the river with the best eyes we could command, but could see nothing to disturb us. At last I sent out two men with instructions to signal us if they found everything all right. Well, they went. We saw them go ui) out of the water, up the bank and disappear without giving us a sign. We waited and waited, but no signal came, and we concluded they had gone in search of a good square meal, for we were nearly starved. We thought it a mean trick, anyway. After waiting a long time in suspense, and expressing heaity indignation at the greedy trick of those fellows, I thought I would go across, and I pledged my comrades that I would not leave them as the others had done. Upon reacliing the bank of the river I noticed that the road had been cut down through the bank, making quite a deep cut, and directly across the road at the top of the hill some one, at some stage in the war, had dug a rille pit. I was (juietly speculating with mytelf as to whether I would have any trouble in getting my horse across the rifle-pit, when a low voice, nearly over my heacl, sounded in my ears. 'Halt!' I looked up and saw lying on the toj) of the bank along the cut, a sergeant with a half dozen men, all covering me with their carbines. 'All right, Johnny. Come in out of the wet. You may just throw down what arms you have, and then ride right up over the hill and you will be cared for. If you do as I say you will bo all right, but if you turn around or make any sign to those fellows over on the island, you will be in a bad fix. Don't make any noise, Johiuiy. Wi; will treat you well, only do as I say.' Of course there was nothing else for me to do. and I rode over the hill as my two men had done before me, without making a sign to my anxious comrades on the island. I at once found myself in the camp of a company of cavalry from .Michigan, under the command of a vei-y clever young captain, who treated me with great kindness. I would like to see that captain. He was just a splendid young fellow. Do you know who it wab, General?" "Would you remember his name if you were to hear it?" said General T. " Captain Dunn, of Company E, was hi command at that ford a part of the time." "Yes, that is the name," said the .Major, " and a splendid fellow he wiis. Woll, to cimtinue my stoiy, for I have not reacheil the best part of It yet, I stjiid then' until afternoon, and had the mortification of seeing my whole battery, about eighty in numbt'r, taken in in the same way. I tell you, gentlemen, it was one of the clevere»t blta of eLral- 728 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. egy that I ever saw; all taken in like a lot of turkeys walking into a pen. In the after- noon Captain Dunn and his company were relieved, and went to headquarters at Newton, of course taking us alonj?. I rode with the captain, aud we had a right pleasant chat. Upon reaching Newton, I was emboldened by the good treatment I had received to ask a favor of you, General. I asked you if my officers and myself could be permitted to stop through the night with some of our friends. To my surprise you assented very cordially. You left no guard with us, and only asked our word to report next morning for formal parole. Such treatment touched our hearts I can assure you, and we had a good night's rest. But greater kindness was in store for us. In the morning when we went to be paroled, I made bold to ask another favor. Some of my officers were dismounted, and I asked you if you could not furnish them with some broken down animals to aid them in getting to their homes. To our surprise you fitted them all out with horses able to carry them, and, restoring to us our side arms, you bade us good-bye with a hearty wish for our future happiness. The effect of such kindness on men as dispirited and broken in hopes and expectations as we were, can not be described. Such, gentlemen, is my story, and you will hardly wonder that I was willing to go a hundred miles to see this gentle- man. Aud, General, I am glad to meet you again, and thank you for a kindness which you have probably forgotten aU about; and if you ever come to our section of the coun- try, I want you to remember that the latch string is always out. I am now making iron in northern Alabama, and if you ever come that way you must hunt me up." ELEVENTH REGIMENT CAVALRY. *' "We march as loyal patriots! We are bound with iron bandsl Our trust is in a righteous Godl Our swords are in our hands!" The nth Cavalry was rendezvoused at Kahunazoo, being recrnited and organized under the superintendence of Colonel Simeon B. Brown of St. Clair, Miijor 6th Michigan Cavalry. The recruitment of the regiment commenced in August, 1863, it being mustered into the United states service on December 10th following, having on the muster rolls 921 officers and men. FIELD AND STAFF. Colonel, Simeon B, Brown, St. Clair. Lieutenant Colonel, James B. Mason, Battle Creeli. Majors, Chailes E. Smith, Oshtemo, and Henry L. Wise, Caledonia. Surgeon, Lucius C. Woodman, Paw Paw. Assistant Surgeons, 0. J. Bissell, Grand Rapids, and Charles A. Osbornej Northville. Adjutant, Manly S. Rowl<^y, Niles. Quartermaster, Marcus H. Miles, St. Clair. Commissary, Charles Kendall, Kalamazoo. Chaplain, Charles Clutz, Grand Rapids. The companies mustered were as follows: A. Captain, David W. Phillips, Albion. First Lieutenant, John L. Frlsble, Hillsdale. Secon(J Lieutenant, Francis J. Lewis, Albion. B. Captain, George J. West, Lexington. First Lieutenant, Charles Simpson, Owosso. Second Lieutenant, Wm. L. M. Osborn, Adrian. C. Captain, Edwin C. Mil^s, St. Clair. First Lieutenant, Charles A. Bailey, Hastings. Second Lieutenant, Matthew B. Burger, Odessa. D. Captain, Adna H. Bowen, Monroe. First Lieutenant, John Edwards, Hudson. Sec- ond Lieutenant, W. Baker Thompson, Hudson. E. Captain, Restcome R. Kirby, Monroe. First Lieutenant, Amos J. Avery, Lnsalle. Second Lieutenant, Adrian C. Solean, Fronchtown. F. Captain, Darwin D. Buck, Battle Crook. First Lieutenant, Thomas H. Jennings, Battle Creek. Second Lieutenant, John G. Harris, Battle Creek. G. Captain, James E. Monitt, Teoumseh. First Lioutonant, James Gilluly, Ann Arbor. Second Lieutenant, Nowojl H. Rowlingson, Battle Croek. H. Captain, Henry Bowen, Adrian. First Lieutenant, Willard Stearns, Franklin. Sec- ond Lieutenant, Clark W. Docker, Atlrian. L Captain, William H. George, Bolivia. First Lieutenant, Edwin Bobbins, Kalamazoo. Second Lieutenant, Jamos P. Cadninn, Kalamazoo. K. Captain, George M. Wells, Niles. Fir. head of his brigade, maiohed upon Saltville and found the plaoe evacuated, the ' Johnnies' having left for the mountains during the night. At 8 o'clock all the troops had entered the town and commenced the work of destroying the salt works which the enemy have defended for the past four years with great eneigy, as it is the only place In the Confederacy where salt is obtained; consequently they were almost of ine.stimablo value to the rebels. All day and niirht of tlie 21st, and until 2 o'clock P. M. of the 22d, the whole force was engaged in breaking kettles, burning buildings, sheds, etc., detiiroy- ing wells, in fact, in the complete destruction of eveiything pertaining to the works. We destroyed over 2,000 kettles capable of manufacturing 25,000 bushels of salt per day when run to their full extent. We also destroyed three forts, two arsenals filled with ammunition, 13 cannon and caissons, five locomotives, and about 80 car's, depot and three store-houses, and other buildings belonging to the railroad. The salt wells, which were drilled through rock 280 feet deep and four in number, we destroyed by filling with solid shot and railroad iron. It will be impossible to remove these obstructions, and the rebs will have to drill new wells, to say nothing of getting kettles, building furntwjes, etc., before they can have any more salt in Dixie. » " At 3 o'clock P. M., the destruction of Saltville being thoroughly completed, nothing but charred and broken ruin remaining, and the object of our expedition being fully accomplished, the tioops were crossed to the north side of the Holston river to take up the march again, but this time toward Kentucky instead of penetrating further into the enemy's country. As Colonel Brown's brigade was the first to enter Saltville, it was the last to leave the place, being ordered to protect the rear of the division from attack by the enemy, who were reported to be coming in force, having been heavily reinforced from Eichmond. We marched about eight miles, when we went into camp and remained till 10 o'clock of the 23d, when we were again in the saddle, passing through Hider's Gap and arriving at Lebanon at 6 o'clock P. M. where we halted about an hour, fed our horses and cooked supper for ourselves, when we again started, marching all night, arriving at the ford of CUnch river at 7 o'clock A. M. of the 24th, and succeeded in crossing at 4 o'clock. Here our rear was attacked by the enemy, and pretty brisk skirmishing was kept up tin dark, when we were again in the saddle and marched all night, making a short halt In the morning. We saw no more of the enemy except a few bushwhackers who did little damage, between Clinch river and Pound Gap, atwiiich place we arrived on the 25th, after passing through which the command was halted, and the dismounted men, thirteen hundred and twelve in number, under command of Captain George and Lieutenant M. 8. Perkins, of the 11th Michigan cavalry, were sent by the way of Shelby Creek and Big Sandy to Louisa, to take a boat and go by the Ohio river to Cincinnati, and from thence via the Kentucky Central railroad to Lexington. The balance of the command proceeded by the way of Hazel Green to Mount Sterling where they arrived at 2 o'clock P. M., January Ist, 1865. Remaining all night, started the next day at noon towards Lexington, at which place they arrived on the 3d, weary and worn out, having passed through one of the long- est and most fatiguing raids of the war. ■'In conclusion allow me to say a word or two in relation to Colonel Brown of the 11th Michigan cavalry. Since we have been in the field Colonel Brown has been called upon to command brigades on ail the raids in which his regiment has taken part, which ho lias done with honor and credit. 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ATCHINSON, WILLIAM A.. Farmington. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serir't Comp'y A, 22d Infy. Second Lt. 30th Infy Nov, 28, 2864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged, ATTWOOD, SAMUEL, Detroit. Entered service Sept, 9, 1861, Serg't Comp'y H, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not muotered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Aug. 17, 1865. ATWOOD, WILLIAM S., Detroit. Maj. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861, Talcen prisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862, Exchanged Oct. 17, 1862. Eesigned Jan. 2, 1863. Capt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. AUSTIN, SILAS, Flint. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. First Lt., July 5, 1865. Mustered out as 2d Lt, July 25,1865, and honorably discharged, AVERILL, DAVID "I,, Tuscola. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v D, 23d Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 26, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1864. Capt., Nov. 25, 1864. Killed in action al. Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. AVERY, AMOS I., LaSaile. First Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Resigned Oct. 11, 1864, and honorably discharged, AVERY, EARL W., Lowell, Capt, 26th Infy, Sept, 1, 1862, Resigned Ap'l 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 765' AVERY, JAMES E., Adrian. Second Lt. 4th Infy May 16, 1861. First Lt, Jan. 13, 1862. Resigned Dec. 4, 1862, and honorably discharged. AVERY, JOHN, Otisco. Ass't Surg. 21st Infy, Aug. 26, 1862. Surg., Jan. 2, 1863. Mus- tered out June 8, 1865; and honorably discharged. AXTELL. JULIEN H., Mt. Clemens. Entered service July 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Infy, . Wounded in action Mar. 31, 1865. Second Lt., May 30, 1865. Not Mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 9, 1865. AXTELL, BENJAMIN F., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt., Feb. 5, 18(14. Wounded and taken prisoner in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May il, 1864. Died in prison at Richmond, Va. AYRES, AMOS T., Bingham. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Jan. 23, 1864,. and honorably discharged. AYRES, EBEN R., Port Austin. First Lt. 23d Infy Aug, 1, 1862. Capt., Jan. 3, 1864. Ilesigiied Aug. 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. BABBITT, JOHN E., Allegan. Second Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 2, 1863. Capt., Aug. 31, 18G3. Taken prisoner during Stonenian's raid, Aug. 2, 1864. Exchanged . Honorably discharged for disability Dec. 27, 1864. BABCOCK, ALBERT H., Dundee. First Lt. 18th Infy July 27, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 5,. 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BABCOCK, CHARLES P., Grand Rapids. Maj. 2d Cav , Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Oct. 2(5, 1862. ]Maj. and Paymaster U. S. Vols., Feb. 19, 1863. Appointment revoked Aug. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. BABCOCK, NELSON A,, Saginaw City. Second Lt. 23d Infy, Nov. 7, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. BABCOCK, STEPHEN H., Niles. Entered service Nov. 23, 1864, as Serg't Maj. 30tb Infy. Second Lt., Mur. 16, 1865. First Lt. and Adjt., April 7, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and hfjuorably discharged. BABCOCK, SIMEON M., Adrian. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y P, 26th Infy. Second Lt. 12th Infy, Feb. 26, 1863. Discharged for disabilitv Mar. 29, 1864. First Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. BACHELDER, SYLVANUS, Clinton. Entered service Nov. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 14th Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 29, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. BACHELDER, DON CARLOS, Ypsiianti. First Lt. 6th Cav. Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned May 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. BACHELER, JOSEPH H., St. Johns. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 23'd Infy, . Ass't Surg., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 28, I860, and hon- orably discharged. BACHMAN, AUGUST, Detroit. Entered service May 28, 1961. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art., . St'cond Lt., Nov. 24, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 21. 1863. Honorably dis- charged for (iisaoility Mar. 30, 1864. BACKUS, FRED. W., Detroit. Capt. Ist Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Dec. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. BACKUS, HERBERT A., Grand Rapids. Entered service Julv 29. 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 4tli Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 23, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 26, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. BACON, EDWARD, Niles. Maj. 6th Infv, June 19, 1861. Lt. Col., Juno 21, 1862. CoL» Feb. 1, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 16, 1864. BACON, DAVID, Niles. Captain 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Lt. Col. 19th Infy, Aug. 8, 1862. Wounded in action at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. 766 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BACON, CYEUS, Detroit. Ass't Surg. 7th Inf., Aug, 16, 1861. Ass't Surg. U. S. A., Ap'l 16, 1862. Bvt. Maj., Mar. 12, 1865. Died near Springfield, 111., Sept. 1, 1868, wiiile en route to his home at Niles, Mich. BACON, JOHN H., Lansing. Ass't Surg. 4th Cav., July 26, 1862. Surg. 16th Inf'y, Dec. 22, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BADGER, FREDERICK M., Pine River, Second Lt. 8th Infy, Nov. 4, 1861. Died at Beaufort, IS. C, April 19, 1862, of wounds received in action at Wilmington Island, Ga., April 16, 1862. BAER, HENRY C, Castleton. Entered sen'ice Auc:. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 6th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 4, 1864. First Lt., Mar., 7, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 20, i865, and honorably discharged. BAILEY, BENJAMIN F., Holland. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Taken prisoner at Blountsville, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1862, . Exchanged . Resigned March 13, 1864, and honorably discharged. BAILEY, ENOS B., St. Johns. Entered sei-vice Sept. 3, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 3d Cav, First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Capt., Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAILEY, CHARLES A., Hastings. Furst Lt., 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Honorably dis- charged for disability Aug. 1, 1864. BAIRD, JOHN M., Holly. First Lt., 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Appointed Regimental Q. M., Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAINBRIDGE, ALBERT., Byron. First Lt., 8th Inf'y, Sept. 5, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. BAKER, BENJAMIN B., Jackson. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Aid., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 30, 1862. Resigned July 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. BAKER, CHARLES N., Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 19, 1862. Capt.. Oct. 16, 1862. Maj., Dec. 31, 1864, Mustered out as Capt., Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAKER, GEORGE R. S., Blissfield. First Lt, 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned July 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. BAKER, GEORGE P., Hastings. Second Lt. 8th Infy, June 3, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. Regimental Q. M., Ap'l 15, 1863. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAKER, HENRY B., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 20th Inf'y, . Ass't Surg., Nov. 17, 1863. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BAKER, JOHN P., Parma. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Sorg't Comp'y E, 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., Aug. 22, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAKER, JOHN J., Sturgis. Capt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. Maj., June 27. 1864. Wounded in action at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Lt. Col., Oct. 28, 1864. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. BAKER, RIENZI H., Adrian. Entered service April 18, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustenui out Aug. 7, 1861. Ret'ntered service July 24, 1802, as Serg't Comp'y C, 18th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 30, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAKER, ROBERT S., Port Huron. Capt. 27th Infy, Oct. 10, 1862. Resigned May 4, 1864, and honorably discharged. BALCH, ARAD C, Kalamazoo. Capt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned Jan. 20, 1863, and honorably discliargod. BALDWIN, ALBERT J., Union City. Entered service Aug. 25. 1862. Serg't Batt. D, let Art., . Second Lt., June 21, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 3, 1865. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 767 BALDWIN, EDWIN C, Detroit. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Maj. 4th Infy, . Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned July 29, 1863, and honorably discharged. BALDWIN, FRANK D., Constantine. Second Lt. Chandler Horse Guard, Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out Nov, 22, 1861 First Lt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. Capt., Jan. 23, 1864. Lt. Col., June 15, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., Juno 10, 1865. First Lt. 19th U. S. Infy, Feb. 23, 1866. Transferred to 37th Inf'v, Sept. 21, 1866. Traublerred to 5th Infy, May 19, 1869. Capt., Mar. 20, 1879. Now in servce. BALDWIN, JOHN H., Ganges. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 13th Infy, . Wounded in action Sept. 20, 1863. Second Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Fii-st Lt., May 12, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. BALDWIN, G. ROMEYN, Monroe. Entered service Jan. 20, 1863 Hosp'I Stew'd 18th Infy, . Ass't Surg., May 11, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BALDWIN, SAMUEL A., Watertown, Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Infy, . Second Lt., July 5, 1864. Capt,, Nov 9. 1864. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. BALDWIN, TIMOTHY L., . Entered service Dec. 9, 1862, Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Infy, . First Lt, Ap'l 25, 1865, Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BALFOUR, HARRISON, Mattawan, Second Lt. 13th Infy, Oct. 3, 1861. First Lt., July 13, 1862. Resigned for disability. Mar, 5, 1863, and honorably discharged. BALLARI>, THOMAS, Detroit, Entered service Sept, 27, 1861. Com. Seig't 1st Cav,, . First Lt, and Q. M., July 1, 1862. Capt., Dec. 4, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. BALLARD, STEPHEN H., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862, First Lt., June 10, 1863. Taken prisoner in action at Hunterstown, Pa., July 2, 1863. Exchanged . Mustered out as Second Lt, June 21, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BALMER, JAMES L., Clyde. First Lt, 3d Inf'v, July 29, 1864. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. BANCROFT, JOHN M., Detroit, Entered service June 20, 1801, as Serg't Comp'y I, 4th Infy. First Lt., Sept. 8, 1862, Mustered out June 30, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. BANGHAM, GEORGE K., Marshall. Entered service Aug. 14, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 9th Infy. Second Lt., Oct. 26 1863. First Lt,, Nov. 23, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15. 1865, and honorably discharged. BANGS, SAMUEL, S., Marshall. First Lt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Capt, Ap'l 21, 1862. Mustered out Nov 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. BANKS, WILLIAM H. S , Porter. Second Lt 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt, Jan. 8, 1864. Capt., Jan. 4. 1865. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARBOUR, GEORGE W., Fentonville, Entered service Sept, 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 6th Cav. Second Lt, June 18, 1864, Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARD, CHARLES L., Grand Haven. Entered service Oct 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 13th Infy, . Second Lt, June 1, 1864. First Lt, Ap'l 25, ISC.S. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARDEN, TILSON C, Hudson. Second Lt 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. First Lt, Sopt 22, 1861. Capt, Feb. 24. 1863. Wounded in acton D((;. — , 1863. Wounded Inaction May 6, 1864. Mustered out Juno 6, 1864, and honorably discharged. BARE, AUGUSTINE, Detroit. Entered service Nov, 24, 1862, as Com. Serg't 9th Gay. First Lt and Com., Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. 7t)S MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BARKER, BYRON V., Leonidas. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARKER, FREDERICK L., Big Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, Serg't Comp'y K, 3d Inf'y, . Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 10, 1864. Wounded in action Sept. 1, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Capt., Nov. 7, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARKER, RUSSELL M., Flint. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned Nov. 29, 1862, and honorably discharged. BARKER, THOMAS M., Grand Rapids. Capt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y. Ap'l 9, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARLOW, MELVIN, Hancock. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died of disease at Toledo, 0., Jan. 18, 1865. BARNABY, CHARLES W., Monroe. Second Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt., Oct. 1, 1862. Killed in action before Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 13, 1864. BARNARD, WILLIAM A., Lansinsr. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 27, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 31, 1864. Taken prisoner near Petersburg, Va., July 30. 1864. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 29, 1865. Honorably discharged May 5, 1865, as First Lt. BARNES, GEORGE, Chelsea. Ass't Surg. 9th Inf'y, Mar. 10, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARNES, GEORGE C, Battle Creek. Capt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Lt. Col., Nov. 21, 1863. Died June 20, 1864, of wounds received in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. BARNS, HENRY, Detroit. Col. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y. Resigned, date unknown, and honorably discharged. BARNS, JAMES J., Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y F, 1st (three months) Inf'y. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned May 9, 1862, and honorably discharged. BARNES, JOHN H., Portland. Second Lt., 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARNEY, ALBERT G., Bedford. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 12, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died at his home July 29, 1864, of wounds received in action June 2, 1864. BARNHART, LEVANT W., Ypsilanti. Entered service Nov. 25, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 6th Cav.. . Second Lt., May 9, 1863. Fiist Lt., Nov. 12, 1863. Capt., May 19, 1864. Ass't Adjt. Gen. Vol's, May 26, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13. 1865, "for meritorious and distinguished service." Mustered out Mar. 20, 1866, and hon- orably discharged. BARNHART, LUCIEN B., Union, Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y 0, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 23, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 28, 1864. Capt. Jan. 11, 1865. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged, BAROTH, HERMAN, Ionia. Captain 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Jan. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. BARNUM, BOLIVAR, Schoolcraft. Surg. 7th Inf'y. Aug. 26, 1861. Resigned Dec. 11, 1661. Surg. 25th Inf'y Aug. 27, 1862. On detached service at muster out of regi- ment. BARR, ROBERT G., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARR, ALBERT, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 21st Inf'y, Julv 30, 1862. Wounded In action at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Capt., Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 769 BARRETT, ALONZO, Portland. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861, Com. Serg't 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARRETT, ALFRED R., Milford. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 22d lufy. Second Lt., Jan. 5, 1863. Resigned Nov. 10, 1863, and honorably dis- cluirged. BARRETT, CHARLES H., Teeumseh. Entered service June 20, 1861. Pvt. Comp'y G, •itli Inf'y, . Capt., July 1, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. BARRETT, ORVEY S., Ackian. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Honorably discharged May 23, 1864. BARRETT, WILLIAM H., HiUsdale. Entered service July 26, 1864,35 Serg't Comp'y A, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 9, 1865. Resigned Aug. 23, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BARROLL, CHARLES L., Leighton. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Infy, Dec. 17, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30. 1865, and honorably discharged. BARROWS, MILO W., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., May 17, 1862. Wounded in action, Oct. 8, 1862. Resigned May 27, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. BARROWS, STEPHEN S., Detroit. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 121 1861. First Lt., July 7, 1862. Capt., July 27, 1862. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. BARROWS, HIRAM, Romeo. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 10, 1«61. Wounded in action and taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn.^ July 13, 1862. Released Aug. 27, 1862. Capt., Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out Nov, 16, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. BARRY, EDWARD, Grand Rapids Entered service Sept. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. BARRY, THOMAS, J., Detroit. Capt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Maj., July 6, 1862. Wounded in action at Bull Run 2d, Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned June 20, 1863," and hon- orably discharged. BARSE, GEORGE R., Detroit. Entered sei-vice May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Supernumerary 2d Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Fli'stLt., Aug. 18, 1863. Taken prisoner ia action at Buckland's Mills, Va., Oct. 19, 1863. Escaped May 7, 1864. Retaken May 11, 1864. Escaped May 22, 1864. Retaken June 14, 1864. Escaped June 29, 1864. Retaken July 3, 1864. Escaped Nov. €3, 1864, and finally reached thd picket Ime of the Mich. Eiig's and Mech's on the Sherman march to the sea. Honorably discharged for disability Mar. 22, 1865. BARSHITE, LAMBERT, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 9th Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1861. Died at Elizabethtown, Ky., Feb. 18, 1862. BARSTOW, WILLIAM M., North Star. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Svrg't Comp'y D, 26tli Inf'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1864. Wounded in action May 12, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Dec, 16, 1864. BARTHOLEMEW, W. M. T., Oronoco. Entered service Oct. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 12ih Inl'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 29. 1864. First Lt., July 3, 1864. Capt., Dec. 20, 1864. Clustered out Feb. 15, 1806, and honorably difecharged. BARTLETT, ADDISON, Owosso. Entered service Nov. 4, 1861. Com. Serg't 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 18, 1864. Resigned Ap'l 9, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BARTLETT, ORRIN M., Gun Plains. Entered service July 21, 1863. Serg't Comp'y M, Ibt Cav., . Second Lt,, Mar, 7, 1865. Killed in action at Five Forks, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865. 97 770 ■ MICHIGAN IN THE WAH, BARTON, HENRY, Big Prairie. Entered service Sept. 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 1, 1863. First Lt., June 7, 1864. Resigned as 2d Lt. Nov. 19, 1864, and honorably discliarged. BARTON, JOSEPH M., Battle Greek. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Julv 21, 1861. First Lt. 13th Inf'y, Mar. 19, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARTON, SAMUEL, Armada. Entered service Nov. 25, 1864, as Serg't Conap'y B, 30th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Not mustered as an ofBcer. Honorably discharged June 30, 1865. BASSETT, CHANCEY J., Allegan. Capt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19,' 1861. Maj. of a Louisiana regiment, Oct 20, 1862. No further record. BASSETT, CHARLES, Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 22d Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 5, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 21, 1863. Capt., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BATES, WILFRED, Ransom. Ass't Surg 4th Cav., Mar. 10, 1865. Not mustered. BATES, AUSTIN D., Irving. Entered service Aug. 31, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Inf'v. Second Lt., Jan. 9, 1862. Wounded in action at James Island, S. C, June 16, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Oct. 23, 1862, and honorably discharged. BATES, MARCUS W., Kelloggsville. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 21st Inf'y. First Lt., Mar. 15, 1864. Wounded in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 19, 1865. Honorably discharged May 19, 1865, BATEMAN, WILLIAM, Ypsilanti. Entered service Mar. 9, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y H, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 17, 1864. Taken prisoner at Cypress Swamp, near Briar Creek, Ga., Deo. 8, 1864. Exchanged Mar. 1, 1865. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. BATH, HENRY D., Mason. Entered service June 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 7th Inf'y, , Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 30, 1862. Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, Sept. 18, 1863. No further record. BAT WELL, EDWARD, Detroit. Surg. 14th Inf'y, Oct. 24, 1861. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, June 7, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAXTER, EDWIN, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Honorably discharged for disabiUty, Feb. 16, 1864. BAXTER, HENRY, Jonesville. Capt. 7th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Lt. Col., May 22, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Freder- icksburg, Va., Dec. 11, 1862 Brig. Gen. Vols., Mar. 12, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 18G4. Bvt. Maj. Gen. Vols., Ap'l 1, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in "the Wilderness, at Dabney's Mills and Five Forks, Va." Mus- tered out Aug. 24, 18G5, and honorably discharged. BAXTER, CHARLES E. K., Jonesville. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as musician Comi)'y G, 18th Inf'y. Discharged Dec. 15, 1863. Re-enteied sorvice Feb. 29, l.sc,4. Serg't Comp'y K, 15th Inf'y, . First Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. BAXTER, ROBERT G. W., Hudson. Entered service May 25, 1861. Q, M. Seri^'t 2d Inf'y, . First Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 28, 1865. BAXTER, ANDREW A., Morenci Entered service Sept. 24, 1864. Serg't Comp'y F, 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 28, 1865. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 19, 1866. BAYLIS, RICHARD, St. Johns. First Lt. and Adjt. 5th Cav., Aug. 25, 1862. Wounded in action at TrevilUan Station, Va., June 11. 1864. Honorably discharged for disabil- ity Nov. 17, 1864. Bvt. Capt., Maj., and Lt. Col., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war. " MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 771 BEACH, BYRON B., Detroit. Entered service Sept. 19, 1862, as Hosp'l Stew'd 5th Cav. Asst. Surg., Sept. 8, 1863. B\'t. Capt. U. S. Vols., Mur. 13, 1865, "for merilorious service. " Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEACH, CORYDON, Mendon. Entered service Aug. 25, 186-t, as Serg't Corap'y C, 28th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 5, 1865. First Lt., Sept. 15, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. BEACH, HENRY, Decatur. Second Lt. Ist Cav., Nov. 18, 1863. First Lt. and Adjt., Oct. 25, 1864. Capt., Dec. 4, 1864, Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. BEACH, REUBEN A., Hudson. Capt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Aug. 3, 1861, and honorably discharged. BEACH, REUBEN A., Jr., Hudson. Entered service Mav 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 2d Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 16, 1862. Honorably dis- charged Jan. 13, 1863. BEACH, SAMUEL E., Pontiao. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Bvt. 1st Lt., Aug. 2(1, 184.7, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contieras and Churubusco." First Lt., Feb. 23, 1848. Disbanded Aug. 4, 1848. Lt. Col. 5th Infy. June 10, 1861. Wounded in action at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 18G2. Col., July 18, 1862. Mustered out June 10, 1864, on consolidation of 3d and 5th Inf'y, and honor- ably discharged* BEACH, VALENTINE. Muskegon. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31,1865. Not mustered as an oflScer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. BEACH, WALTER P., Lapeer. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. BEACH, WATSON, Lexington. Entered service Dec. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 10th Infy. Second Lt., July 5, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 31, l>-^63. Capt., Sept. 23, 1864. Mubtered out as 1st Lt., Feb. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEADLE, WM. H. H., Ann Arbor. Lt. Col. 1st S. S., Jan, 1, 1863. Resigned June 13, 1864. Maj. Vet. Reserve Corps, June 14, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. " for gallantry in the defense of Washington City, July 10, 1864." Bvt. Col. and Brig. Gen. Volls., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Mar. 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. BEAHAN, RICHARD, Ann Arbor. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Nov. 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. REALS, JEROME, Niles. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861, Resigned Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. BEARD, GEORGE, Plymouth. Entered service Dec. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1863. First Lt., July 16, 1864. Capt., Sept. 7, 1864. Wounded in action at Poplar Grove Church, Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEARDSLEE, ALFRED W., Detroit, Entered service May 1, 1861. as Serg't Comp'y F, iHt (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. Itst Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 22, 1862. Resigned July 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. BEARDSLEY, EDWARD C, Elkhart, Ind. Entered sei-vice Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 6th Inf'y. Wounded in action June 30, 186:^. Second Lt.. Oct. 1, 1863. First. Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Aug, 20, 1865, and honorably dischai-ged, BEARDSLEE, TOWNSEND C, Pontiac, Capt, 22d Inl'y, July 31. 1S62, Resigned Aug. 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. BECKWITH, WILLIAM G., Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 21. 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 5th Cav., , First Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Not mustered as an oflicer. Absent sick at muster out of his Comp'y. 77a MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BEDFORD, JOHN, Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y 0, 1st Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 23, 1862. Wounded in action at Frerl'^ricksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, Oct. 29, 1863. : further record. BEDTELYON, JACOB, Atlas. Entered service Au^. 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 18, 1863. First Lt.. Sept. 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Cleveland, Tenn., Dec. 9, 1863, while in command of a detachment on courier duty. Capt., Aug. 14, 1864. Resigned Jan. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEEBE, ERI, Decatur. Capt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned Sept. 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEEBE, GEORGE C. Gaines. Entered service Aug. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt., April 25, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 30, 1865. BEEBE, ALPHEUS M., Lansing. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned July 27, 1863. Maj. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEEBE, CHARLES E., Jackson. First Lt. and Q. M. 17th Inf'y, Dec. 18, 1862. Resigned July 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. BEECH, RODNEY W., Lapeer. Entered service Oct. 6, 1863. Serg't Maj. 10th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 7, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEECH, JOHN H., Coldwater. Surg. 24th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEEDLE, JAMES M., Union City. First Lt. Batt. D, 1st Light Art., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. BEEKMAN, WILLIAM, Clinton. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861 . Serg't Comp'y B, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 3, 18G5. First Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. BEERS, ANDREW J., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEERS, JEPTHA W., Tecumseh. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. First Lt., May 1, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Died while being removed from field hospital to Richmond Va., about July 6, 1862. BEGOLE, WILLIAM M., FUnt. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 6, 1863. First Lt., June 20, 1864. Died Oct. 15, 1864, of wounds received at Lost Mountain, Ga., June 16, 1864. BEILMAN, FREDERICK, Port Huron. Entered service Aug. 9, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1862. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Exchanged, . Resigned Ap'l 15, 1863, and honorably discharged. BEISEL, WILLIAM H., Exeter. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 18th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 24, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BELCHER, HORATIO, Flint. First Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. Maj.. June 3, 18G4. Killed in action at Weld on R. R.. Va., Aug. 19, 1864. BELCHER, IRVING M. Flint. Entered service July 31, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v C, 16th Inf'y. SecondLt., Aug. 30, 1862. FirstLt., Ap'l 17, 1863. Capt., July 16, 1864. Hon- orably discharged for dL-^ability, May 15, 1865. BELCHER, HIRAM, Port Huron, Entered service Feb. 16, 1C62. Sei^'t Comp'y H, lOtii Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Not mustered as an ollicer. Honor- ably discharged July 19, 1865. BELKNAP, CHARLES E., Cannonsburg. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 21st Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 3, 1863. First Lt., to rank from Jan. 8, 1863. Capt., Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 773 BELL, JOHN, Monroe. Entered service Nov. 14, 1861. Serd out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEEEY, BENJAMIN II.. Lansing. Entered service July 24, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 2Uth Inf'y. Second Lt., July 29, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 30, 1862. Capt., June 18, 1864. Honorably discliarged for disability as First Lt. Aug. 22, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 775 BERRY, JOSEPH, Duplaln. Entered service . Serg't Ist Independent Comp'v S. S., . Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'i 1, 1864. Taken prisoner July 30, 1804. Died in rebel prison. BERRY, JOHN, Ontonagon. Entered service Aug. 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 16th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 8, 1805. Mustered out July 8, 18G5, and lionorably dis- charged. BERRY, WILLIAM L., Detroit. Entered service Sept. 4, 1861, as Hosp'l Stew'd 16th Inf'y. Ass't Surg. Ap'l 18, 1804. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BETTINGHOUSE, WILLIAIM, Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. BEVENS, SAMUEL, Dryden. Entered service Sept. 2, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y G, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June i4, 1866. BEVIER, JONATHAN D., Grand Rapids. Ass't Surg. 17th Inf'y, June 22, 1862. Surg., ■ Oct. 14, 1862. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. BIBBINS, MADISON W., Coldwater. Entered service Aug. 16, 1862. as Serg't Comp'y M, 5th Cav, Second Lt., Mar. 4, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 10, 1864. Capt., Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BICKFORD, CHANCLA M., Algansee. Entered service Auir. 9, 1862, as Corp'l Comp'y G, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. BIDWELL, ALONZO F., Coldwater. Maj. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. TVIus- tered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. Batt. D, 1st Light Art., Jan. 11, 1862. Resigned Aug. 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. BIDWELL, CHARLES, Tecumseh. Entered service Oct. 22, 1863, as Pvt. "Provost Guard." Capt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 27, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. BIGELOW, JAMES W., Ionia. Entered service Sept. 22, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 12, 1865. Resigned Dec. 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. BIGELOW, JOHN ALLEN, Birmingham. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861, as Musician Comp'y G, 1st Cav. Wounded at Hagerstown, Md., July 10, 1863. Second Lt., 5th Cav., Aug. 18, 1863. Wounded in action May 28, 1864. Wounded in action at Win- chester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 27, 1864. Bvt. Capt., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Honorably discharged for wounds (loss of left arm) as Second Lt., Ap'l 5, 1865. BIGELOW, CYRUS E., Hudson. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Oct. 31, 1861, and honorably discharged. BIGELOW, JEROME S., Battle Creek, Second Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Died of disease near Corinth, Miss., May 28, 1862. BIGELOW, CHARLES W.. South Haven. Capt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Died May 29, 1864, of wounds received in action near Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. BIGELOW, ABRAM, Berlin. Enterod service Aug. 15, 1862, as Sorcr't Comp'v G, 21st Inf'y. First Lt., Dec. 2, 1863. Taken prisoner Mar. 10, 1865. Paroled Ap'l'—, 1865. Honoiably discharged May 15, 1865. BILLINGS, ADIN C, Detroit. Entered service June 4. 1861. Serg't Comp'v F, 2d Inl'y, . First Lt., July 12, 1864. Capt., Nov. 24, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 18(j5, and honorably discharged. BILLTNGSBY, JOSIAH, Coldwater. Entered service Juno 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v H, 17th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 4, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 19, 1863. Killed in action Nov. 20, 1863. 776 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. BINGHAM, OSCAR H., Marshall. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1862. Murdered by guerrillas near Jackson, Tenn., Ap'l 29, 1863. BINGHAM, AMOS, Quincy. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y M, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 27, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BINGHAM, ALONZO L., East Saginaw. Capt. 27th Infy, jOct. 10, 1862. Wounded in action at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., June 28, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BINNS, BENJAMIN E., Buchanan. Second Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Wounded in action at Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, J.862. Capt., Oct, 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BIED, JOSEPH F.. Detroit. Entered service July 3, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Inf'y. First Lt., Nov\ 1, 1864. Capt., May 30, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and hon- orably dischai -sd. BIEDSALL, DANIEL E., Hastings. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 10, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1864. Wounded in action, Oct. 27, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Jan. 10, 1865. BIEDSALL, JOHN W., Morenci. Entered service Sept. 11, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 2, 1863. First Lt.. May 29, 1863. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. BIEGE, MANNING D., Grand Eapids. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Capt., June 10, 1863. Maj., June 6, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. BIEKENSTOCK, A. E., Grand Eapids. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Eesigned on account of disability, Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. BIENEY, JAMES G., Bay City. Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Wounded and cap- tured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Escaped same day. Capt., A.ar. 18, 18(;4. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honoraldv discharged. Second Lt. 9th U. S. Cav., July 28, 1866. Bvt. First Lt. and Capt", Mar. 2, 1867, " for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Gettvsburg, Pa." First Lt., Ap'l 14, f867. Died Jan. 16, 1870. BIERELL, DAVID, Detroit. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Killed m action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. BISBEE, CHAELES E., Monroe. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A. 4th Inf'y. Discharged Oct. 15, 1862. Eetotered service Mar. 15, 1864. Serg'i Maj. 15th Inf'y, . First Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. BISHOP, MAEION F., Marquette. Entered service July 27, 1861. Sevs't M;ij. 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 23, 1862. Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Transferred to Vet. Eeserve Corps, Oct. 12, 1863. Capt., Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out Nov, 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. BISHOP, ANDEEW J., Howell. Second Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1802. Capt., Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out as First Lt., Jan. 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BISHOP, LOOMIS K., Cannonsburg. First Lt. 21st Inf'v, July 30, 1862. Capt., Feb. 3, 18G3. Lt. Col., Sept. 20, 1863. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 18, 18G5. Mustered out Juno 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BISSELL, CHAELES T., Detroit. First Lt. 5th Inf'v, Dec. — , 1862. Eesigned Julv 16, 1864. First Lt. Ibt Cav., Aug. 3, 1864. Eesigned Mar. 10, 1865. Second Lt. 2ii U. S. Art., Ap'l 9, 1865. Bvt. First Lt. and Capt., Ap'l 9, 18C5, "for good conduct and gallant service during the war." First Lt., Nov. 21, 1865. Honorably discharged Dec. 23, 1870. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 777 BISSELL, CHARLES L., Chicago, HI. First Lt. and Adjt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Died of disease at Bolivar, Tenn., Oct. 26, 1862. BISSELL, FRANCIS M., Quincy. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Corap'y B, 11th Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 19, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 26, 1862. Capt., Jan. 7, 1863. Wounded in action at Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability June i, lS6-i. BITELY, STEPHEN, Antwerp. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, 12th Infy, . First Lt., Nov. 11, 1863. Q. M., Mar. 15, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. BLACK, WILLIAM A., St. Clair. First Lt. 4th Infy, July 26, 1864. Capt., Oct. 24, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. BLACKMAN, HUDSON B., Howell. First Lt., and Q. M. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 28, 1864. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, to rank from Feb. 29, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, for long and faithful service in Q. M. DepartuHent. Mustered out Nov. 3, 1866, and honorably discharged. BLACKMER, MERRITT H., Saginaw. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 25, 1862. Resigned May 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. BLACKMER, HORACE, Bridgeport. First Lt. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Resigned Feb. 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. BL AIDING, EMERY J., Greenville. Entered service Aug. 23, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y E, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 2, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. BLAKE, FRANCIS E., Cleveland, 0. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Com. Serg't 1st Cav, . Second Lt., June 15, 1864. First Lt. and Com., Aug. 8, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. BLAKER, GILBERT H., Houghton. Ass't Surg. 23d Infy, Aug. 23, 1862. Surg., Nov. 10, 1862. Resigned Dec. 21, 1862. Ass't Surg. 21st Infy, Ap'l 1, 1863. Taken pris- oner in action at (hickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled, . Mustered out May 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BLAKEMAN, H. DORR, Jackson. Entered service Nov. 22, 1862. as Serg't Comp'y E, 1st S. S. First Lt., Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BLAKESLY, JACK, Howell. Entered service Oct. 8, 1863, as Serg't 13th Batt. Light Art. Second Lt., Jan. 2, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BLAKESLEE, ELIAKIN R., Hudson. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861. Serg't Corap'y C, 1st U. S., . First Lt., Mar. 8, 1864. Adjt., May 25, 1864. Honorably discharged Oct. 7, 1864. BLANCHARD, LLEWELLYN, J., Oneida. Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serar't Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S., . Capt., Dec. 16, 1864. Transferred to 5th Infy on consolidation Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out July 5, IStJo, and honorably discliarged. BLANCHARD, JONATHAN, Ann Arbor. Chap. 26th Infy, Nov. 28, 1862. Honorably discharged Dec. 15, 1863. BLISS, D. WILLARD, Grand Rapids. Surg. 3d Infv, Mav 13, 1861. Maj. and Surg. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 21, 1861. Bvt. Lt. Col. and Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Dec. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BLISS, ZENAS E., Grand Rapids. Ass't Surg. 3d Infy, Mav 13, 1861. Surg. Oct. 15, 1861. Maj. and Surg. U. S. Vol's Sept. 12, 1862. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Jan. 26, 1866, "for faithful service." Mustered out Feb. 2, 1866, and honorably discliarged. BLISS, WILLIAM S., Detroit. First Lt. Batt. B, 1st Light Art.. Oct. 3, 1861. Taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, 1862. Killed by a rebel sentinel while a prisoner of war at Montgomery, Ala., May 1, 1862. 'j8 778 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BLODGETT, SAMUEL A., Union City. Entered service Sept. 3, 1862. Serg't Batt. D, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Feb. 8, 1865. First Lt., June 21, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., Aug. 3, 1865, and iionorably disciiarged. BLOOD, OLIVER, Scio. Entered service July 30, 1862, as Sera:'t Comp'y L), 20th Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 26, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 2, 1864. Capt., June 20, 1864. Killed ia action near Petersburg, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. BLOODGOOD, WILKINS, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'l Corap'y A, 1st (3 months) Infy Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 1st Infy, Aug. 17, 1861. 1st Lt. and Adjt., May 5, 1862. Capt., June 27, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Died at Washington, Sept. 23, 1862, of wounds received in action. BOARDMAN, GEORGE M., Petersburg. Capt. 15th Infy, Jan. 1, 1862. Died at St, Louis, Mo., April b, 1864. BOCKINS, CHARLES J., Poit Huron. Entered service Aug. 22, 1862. Q. M. Serg't 22d Infy, . Second Lt., June 17, 1863. First Lt. and Q M., Ap'l 19, 1864. Mus- tered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOFFINGER, PETER, Bay City. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Infy, . Second Lt., June 10, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 8, 1«64. Honorably dis- charged for disability as Second Lt., Nov. 29, 1864. BOGART, GILBERT, Jk., Flint. Ass't Surg. 23d Infy, Sept. 16, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. BOGARDUS, PETER A., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 3d Infy, May 13. 1861. First Lt., Aug. 11, 1861. Resigned Jan. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. BOISE, LEROY C, Lansing. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 20th Infy, . Second Lt., Dec. 30, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 17, 1864. Capt., Oct. 24, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 5, 1865. BOLES, WILLIAM, Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1864. Honorably dis- charged Aug. 14c, 1865. BOLIO, ALFRED H., Detroit. Second Lt. 27th Infy, Oct. 10. 1862. Resigned May 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. BOLTON, EDWARD B., . Entered service Mar. 28, 1864. Serg't 1st Comp'y S. S. 16th Infy, . Second Lt., July 2, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 8, 1865. BOLZA, CHARLES E., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Killed in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. BOND, JACKSON P., Rome Center. Entered ser\ice Sept. 10, 1861. Com. Serg't 3d Cav., . Second Lt., July 4, 1865. Mustered out Fob. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. BOND, HENRY, Niles. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 25th Infy. Second Lt., Nov. 2, 1864. First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably dischtirged. BONINE, EVAN J., Niles. Surg. 2d Infy, Sept. 23, 1861. Resigned Aug. 31, 1864, and honorably discharged. BONNER, WALTER G., Adrian. Entered service May 29, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 17th Infy, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 3, 1865. BORDEN, BYRON J., Ionia. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. BORDEN, BAKER, Grand Rapids. Capt. 3d Infy, May 13, 1861. Resigned July 29, 1861. for disaliility. Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned Feb. 14,. 1862, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 779- BORDEN, "WILLIAM H., Ionia. Entered service Aug. 10, 1861, as Serff't Comp'y B, IGtli lufy. Second Lt.. Nov. 8, 1862. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Ta., July 2, 1863. BORDEN, JOHN S., Linden. Entered service Ang. 16, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G. 5th Cav., , Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 22, 1865. BORGMAN, MARTIN V., Detroit. Second Lt. 16th Infy, July 16, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 8, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Resigned June 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. BOSH AW, JOHN, St. Clair. Entered service Aug. 28, 1801. Serg't Comp'y G, 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 9, 18C4. First Lt., Jan. 23, 1865. Mustered out July 5, 1865', and honorably discharged. BOSTWICK, WILLARD S., Niles. Entered service Mar. 25, 1862. Drum Maj. 12th Infy, . Capt., July 1, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 15, 18G6, and honorably dis- charged. BOSENBARK, JOHN, Hillsdale. Capt. 11th Infy, Mar. 1, 1865. Resigned May 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOTHAM, THOMAS H., St. Joseph. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned June 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. BOTSFORD, EDWIN A., Fenton. Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Feb. 14, 1865; cause, disability, and honorably discharged. BOUGHTON, JAMES C, St. Joseph. Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Wounded in action at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. Resigned June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOUGHTON, FERDINAND, Albion. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 1st Eng's and Mech's. Second Lt., Dec. 25, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Capt.", Nov, 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOUGHTON, JOHN C, Constantine. Entered service IMay 25, 1861. Com. Serg't 2d Infy, . Capt., Oct. 6, 1864. Evt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 25. 1SC5, " for conspic- uous gallantry in the assault on Fort Steadman, Va." Maj., Ap'l 25, 1865. Lt. Col., Ap'l 17, 1865. Mustered out as Maj., July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOUGHTON, ORLANDO B., Burr Oak. Entered sen'ice Feb. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 15th Infy, . Second Lt., Aug. 6, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Capt., June 6, 1665. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOUTELLE, HENRY S., Pittsfield. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 4l1i Cav. Second Lt., Juno 1, 1864. Wounded in action at Roswell, Ga., Sej)l. 26, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Wounded at the capture of Jeff. Davis, May 10, 1865. Bvt. Capt., Mav 10, 1865, "for meritorious service in the capture of Jeff. Davis." Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged, BOURNS, JOHN H., Tuscola. Entered service Ap'l 2, 1863. Serg't Comp'v C, 27th Infy, . First Lt. 2d Inf'v, Ap'l 1, 1864. Capt., June 6, 1864. Wounded in action July 30, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Dec. 12, lb64. BOVEE, ANDREW J., . Entered service Mar. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 16th Infy, . S(!cond Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an oflicer. Honorably dis- charged July 8, 1865. BOWEN, GEORGE, Addison. Entered service Sept. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 10, 1864. Resigned as Second Lt., Nov. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. BOWEN, WARREN, Hillsdale. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 31, 1864. First Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered usan officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. BOWKN, HENRY, Adrian. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Transf.nred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. 780 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. BOWEN, ADNA H., Monroe. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt. 15th Infy, Jan. 31, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. Resigned Mar. 30, 1863. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Promoted and transferred as Maj. 6th U. S. Col'd Troops, Oct. 21, 1864. No further record. BOWEN, JEEOME, Quincy. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned Nov. 26, 1862, and honorably discharged. BOWERS, WALTER, Lyons. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Resigned July 8, 1863, and honorably discharged. BOWKER, GEORGE W., Coldwater. First Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. BOWLES, VINCENT H., Detroit. Entered service Ap'l 13, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y L, 7th Cav. Second Lt., May 24, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOWLSBY, GEORGE W., Monroe. Capt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. BOYCE, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service July 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. First Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out to date July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. BOYD, STEWART A., Brighton. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 10, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 11, 1864. Died of wounds received in action Oct. 27, 1864, before muster as First Lt. BOYDEN, JESSE S., Flint. Chap, 10th Infy, Ap'l 10, 1862, Resigned Aug, 31, 1862, and honorably discharged. BOYDEN, WILLIAM, Muir. Second Lt, 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864, Resigned July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged, BOYLAN, JAMES, Genoa, Entered service Aug. 27, 1861, Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt,, May 8, 1865. Nor mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 5, 1865. BOYLE, SAMUEL W., St. Joseph, Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y L, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 17, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. BOYNTON, NATHAN S., Cottrellville. Entered service Nov. 20, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y C, 8th Cav, First Lt., to rank from Nov. 1, 1862, Capt., Ap'l 16, 1864. Maj., Jan, 8, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consohdation with 11th Cav,, and honorably discharged, BOYNTON, JEREMIAH W., Grand Rapids. Entered sei-vice Aug. 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 6th Cav. Second Lt. 10th Cav,, July 25, 1863, Resigned Dec. 12, 1863, and honorably discharged. BRACE, PARSONS H., Redford, Entered service Sept. 16. 1863, as Serg't Comp'y B, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Sept, 30, 1865, Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRADEN, JOHN, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 14, 1862. First Lt., June 24, 1863, Mustered out Oct, 8, 1864, and honorably discharged. BRADFORD, GEORGE W., Monroe, Entered Service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 30, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. BRADISH, DARIUS C, Flint. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 22, 1861. First Lt., July 14, 1862. Capt., Aug. 30, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Kiiled"in action, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. BRADLEY, JAMES F., Chicago, III. Capt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Troops, Dec. 9, 1803. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 781 BRADLEY, JAMES, Flint. Entered service May 25, 1801. Q. M. Serg't 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 7, 18G2. Capt., Aug. 22, 1863. Died July 26, 1864, of wounds received in action near Petersburg, June 17, 1864. BRADLEY, THOMAS C, Three Oaks. First Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Wounded in action at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Resigned Oct. 15, 1862, "and honorably discharged. BRADLEY WILLIAM F., Adrian. Entored seiTico Mar. 10, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'v G, 4th Inf'y. First Lt. and Adj., July 26, 1864. Bvt. Capt. and Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for meritorious service during the vrar." Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. BRADY, THOMAS M., Grand Rapids. Chap. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRADY, THOMAS M., Detroit. Capt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. BRAGG, DANIEL, Deerfield. Entered service Jan. 12, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 15th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRAINERD, JAMES B., Eaton Rapids. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 6th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept, 1, 1862. Died at New Orleans, La., June 3, 1864. BRAINERD, WILLIAM D., Eaton Rapids. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, 6th Inf'v. First Lt., July 21, 1864. Not mustered as an ollicer. Honor- ably discharged Aug. 23, 1864, BRANCH, JOHN, Forest. Second Lt. 29th Inf., July 29, 1864. Resigned Jan. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRANCH, THOMAS, Flint. Entered service Nov. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v I, Idth Inf y. Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Mustered out Feb, 6, 1865, and honorably dis- cliarged. BRAND, CHARLES R., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 9lh Inf'y. Second Lt. Aug. 7, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 15, 1864. Mustorcd out Sept, 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRASS, SAMUEL L., Ovid, Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 1st Cav., . First Lt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. BREAKEY, WILLIAM F,, Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 16th Inf'y, June 18, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 18, 1864, and honorably discharged. BRETDENBACH, HENRY, Lexington. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Capt., June 7, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. BRENNAN, JOHN W., Detroit Entered service Oct. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 25, 1863. First Lt, Ap'l 20, 1804. Killed in action before Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. BRENNAN, SIMON. Georgetown. Entered service June 10. 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt, Aug. 1, 1861. First Lt., Oct 28, 1861. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Wounded at Grovetown, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. Capt, Sept. 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Exchanged Mar. — , 1865. Transferred to 5th Inf'y, June 10, 1864. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. BRETHSCHNEIDER, ROBERT, Niles. Capt. 2d Inf'y, April 25, 1861. Resigned Dec. 14, 1861. Capt. 12tli Inf'y, to rank from Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned Sept 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. BREVOORT, WILLIAM M., Detroit. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Wounded and taken prisoner at Winchester, Va., May 25, 1862. Exchanged Nov. 5, 1862. Capt., May 1, 1863. Killed in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. BREWER, BYRON, . First Lt. Comp'y C, 1st U. S. S. S., Aug. 31, 1862. KUled In action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 782 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR BREWER, LASEL C, Owosso. Entered sei-vice Dec. 2, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y E, 14th Iiil'y. Mustered out Mar. 14, 1865. First Lt. 30th Inf'y, to rank from Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. BREWER, MELVIN, Almont. Capt. 1st Cav., A\ig. 22, 1861. Maj., Jan. 1, 1863. Lt. Col. 7th Cav., June 6, 1864. Not mustered. Wounded in action at Trevillian Sta- tion, Va., June 11, 1864. Died Sept. 25, 1864, of wounds received in action at Win- chester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. BREWER, EMORY L., Owosso. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 27, 1864. Wounded in action at Hawes's Shop, Va., May 28, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 8, 1864. BREWSTER, GEORGE H., Wright. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRICKNER, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 9, 1864. clustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRIGGS, GEORGE G., Battle Creek. First Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Adjt., July 1, 18G3. Taken prisoner at Buckland's Mills, Va., Oct. 19, 1863. Made his escape two days afterwards by running the rebel guard. Capt., Mar. 22, 1864. Maj., May 19, 1864. Lt. Col., Oct. 12, 1864. Col. May 26, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRIGGS, THOMAS H., Schoolcraft. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt., Nov. 14, 1862. Resigned Jan. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. BRIGHAM, MARTIN V., Newport. Entered service Nov. 30, 1862. Serg't Maj. 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRIGHT, BENJAMIN D., Bowne. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 21st Inf'y, . First Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. BRINK, GEORGE, Nankin. Entered service June 17, 1862. Sergt., Comp'y K, 17th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 3, 1865. BRISCOE, BENJAMIN F., Caledonia. First Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 8, 1866, and honorably discharged. BRISTOL, JACOB, Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1863. Honorably discharged July 27, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." BRISTOL, GEORGE S., Niles. First Lt. and Q. M. 12th Inf'y, Feb. 10, 1862. Resigned June 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. BRISTOL, SMITH H., Parma. Ass't Surg. 13th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 16, 1862, and honorably discharged. BRITTON, JOHN, Ridgeway. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 22, 1864. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June*4, 1865, and honorably discharged. BROADWELL, ELIAS H., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., Jan 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26. 1864. and honorably discharged. BROADWELL, BENJAMIN F., Comstock. Second Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Fh^t Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Resigned as Second Lt. Sept. 15, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. BROCKWAY, WM. H., Plymouth. Chap. 16th Inf'y, Sept. 16, 1861. Resigned Nov. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 783 BEOCKWAY, SOLOMON P., Plymouth. Capt. 16th Infv, Aup. 9, 1861. Maj. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Bvt. Lt. Col., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant service at the battles of Jonesboro, Bean's Station, and Danbridge, Tenn., and Sister's Ferry, Ga., and for meritorious service during the war." Lt. Col., June 27, 1865. Mustered out as Maj. July 21, 1865, and honorably discliarged. BEODHEAD, THORNTON F., Grosse Isle. First Lt. 15th U. S. Infy, April 9, 1847. Bvt. Capt., Aug. 20, 1847, "for gallant and nicritDrioiis conduct at Contreras and Churubusco." < apt., Dec. 2, 1847. Disbanded July 31, 1848. Col. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Died Sept. 2, 1862, on the battle field, of wounds received in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's to date, Aug. 30, 1862, BRODHEAD, FRANCIS D., Detroit. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned June 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. BRODIE, WILLIAM, Detroit. Surg. 1st (3 months) Infy, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. BROGLE, FRANTZ, Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Infy, Sept. 22, 1861. Resigned May 4, 1862, and honorably discharged. BROOKS, ALFRED, Kalamazoo. Capt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. Resigned Aug. 4, 1863, and honorably discharged. BROOKS, CHARLES, Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Cav. Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 23, 1865. BROOKS, EDWIN J., Leelanaw. First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Capt., Ap'125, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallantry in action at Strawberry Plains, East Tenn., Nov. 17, 1864." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallantand meritorious conduct through four years of active service." Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged, BROOKS, GEORGE H., Orangeville. Entered service Mar. 16, 1863, as Corp'l Batt. L, 1st Light Art. First Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. BROOKS, ISAAC J., Maple Grove. Entered service Sept. 2, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y B, 28th Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 20, 1865, Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 5, 1866. BROOKS, JOHN A., Newaygo. Battalion Q, M. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 1862, and honorably discharged, BROOKS, ODNEY D., Musliegon, Asst. Surg, 26th Infy, Sept. 7, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. BROPHY, JOHN C, Detroit, Second Lt. 27th Infy, Nov. 20, 1863. Wounded In action at Bethesda Church, Va., June 3, 1864. First Lt., June 4, 1864. Resigned May 11, 1865, and honorably discharged, BROSS, HERMAN, Canandaigua. Second Lt. 18th Infy, July 27, 1862, Resigned Mar. 5, 1803, and honorably discharged. BROWN, CALEB E., Jackson. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned May 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. BROWN, CHARLES H.. Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Adjt. 25th Infy, Aug. 27, 1862. Resigned June 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. BROWN, CHARLES J., Battle Creek. Second Lt. 20th Infy, July 29, 1862. Died Jan, 29, 1863, of disease, at Fredericksburg, Va. BROWN, CHARLES S., Flint. Entered service Mar. 28, 1864, as Vvt. Comp'y K. 2l8t Infy. First Lt. and Adjt., Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. BROWN, BUTLER, Adrian. Second Lt, 16th Infy, Aug. 9, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 28, 1862. KiUed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 784 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR BEOWN, DAEIUS, Berrien. Oapt. 12th Inf'y., Oct. 10, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, HAZEN W., Constantino. Capt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Eesigned Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, HENEY J., . Chap. 17th Inf'y, Sept. 4, 1862. Eesigned and honorably discharged, date unknown. BEOWN, HENEY M., St. Joseph. First. Lt., 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Adjt., May 1, 1863. Wounded in action May 15, 1864. Eesigned Oct. 4, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. BEOWN, HIEAM L., St. Joseph. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, JOHN J., Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 7th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 9, 1862. First Lt., May 12, 1863. Died at Alexandria, Va., Oct. 2, 1863, of wounds received on picket, Sept. 18, 1863. BEOWN, LAFAYETTE N., Lexington. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 24, 1864. Wounded in action Ap'l 8, 1865. Hon- orobiy discharged Oct. 5, 1865. BEOWN, LEVI, Dowagiac. Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Eesigned Jan. — , 1865, and honorably discliarged. BEOWN, LOUIS, Howell. Second Lt., 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 5, 1863, Capt., April 1, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, NOAH, Hudson. First Lt., 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Eesigned July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, SIMEON B., St. Clair. Maj., 6th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Col. 11th Cav., Aug. 14, 1863. Bvt. Brig. Gen., U. S. Vol's, Jan. 31, 1865, "for meritorious conduct at the battle of Marion, Va." Eesigned June 11', 1865, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, THOMAS F., Grandville. Entered service Sept., 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y' C, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. BEOWN, WILLIAM H., Coldwater. Entered service Oct. 15, 1861. Serg't Batt. F, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Dec. 5, 1862. Eesigned Mar. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, WILLIAM, Eonald. Entered service Nov. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. BEOWN, WILLIAM A., Ann Arbor. Second Lt., 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 9, 1862. Died Sept. — , 1862, of wounds received at Chantilly, Va., Sept. 1, 1862. BEOWN, WILLIAM C, Monroe. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Maj. 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 13, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. BEOWNELL, WILLIAM, Utica. Ass't Surg. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Surg., Oct. 20, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 3, 1864, and honorably discharged. BEOWNELL, SEYMOUE, Utica. Battalion Q. M. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 1862. Captain and Ass't Com. of Subs. U. S. Vol's, Oct. 28, 1862. Eesigned Oct. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. BEOWNELL, BENJAMIN, Nilos. Second Lt., Comp'y K, 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican War, Oct. 30, 1847. Mustered out, . First Lt., 2d inf., Ap'l 25, 1861. Capt., Dec. 14, 1861. Eesigned Aug. 30, 1862, and honorably discliarged. BROWNSON, SAMUEL N., Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. First Lt., Ap'l 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 8, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 785 BRUNSCHWEILER, GEO. L., Ea^le Harbor. Surg. 12th Infy, Dec. 13, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. BRYAN, RODERICK L., Franklin. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned for disa- bility, Mar. 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. BRYAN, S.VMUEL T., FrankUn. Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 22, 18(54. Capt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1805, and honorably dis- charged. BRYAN, EDWARD, Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Inf'v, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 28, 1865. BRYANT, EMERY D., Muskegon. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Discharged for disa,- bility, Oct. 11, 1862. First Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Jan. 20, 1864. Capt., May 6, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 30, 18G5, and honorably discharged. BRYANT, STEPHEN 0., Bedford. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 20th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged May 30, 1865. BRYANT, VELORUS A., Oshtemo. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'v H, 25th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. BRYCE, WILLIAM A., Bay City. First Lt. and Q. M. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Mus- tered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCHANAN, GEORGE, Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 2, ISfil. as Serg't Comp'y K, 2d Cav. First Lt., Ap'l 9. 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BUCHANAN, W. JESSE, Detroit. First Lt. 3d Cav., July 1, 1862. Adjt., Sept. 15, 1862. Capt., Nov, 17, 1864. Declined promotion. On detached service at muster out of regiment BUCHANAN, JOHN C, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, IR^.l. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Resigned May 3, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUCK, NATHAN V., Alleiran. Entered service kvs. 28. 1861. Serg't Comp'v A, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 13, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 26, 1864. Resigned June 2, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCK, R. M., Lafavette. Entered service Aiis. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C. 4th Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 17, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 25, 1864. Capt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCK, ANDREW N.. Grand Rapids. Entered service Nov. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 7th Cav. Second Lt., May 24. 1865. First Lt., to rank from May i;l. 1864. Not mustered as First Lt. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably' discharged. BUCK, WILLIAM L., Marshall. Capt. 8(h Cav , Nov. 1, 1862. Wounded in action near Philadelphia, Tenn., Oct. 26, 1863. Maj., Ap'l 16, 1864. Taken prisoner near Athens, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864. Exchanged Sept. 28. 1864. Wounded in action at Henrvville, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1864. Lt.'^ Col., Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1866. and honorably discharged. BUCK. DARWIN D., Battle Creek. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Maj , Oct. 4, 1804. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCK, FREDERICK, Marshall. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 6th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. First Lt., July 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCK, HORACE M., OnoTidaga. Entered service Oct. 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v F, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 12. 1862. First Lt., Feb. 2. 1863. Capt., Aug. 26, 18<>4. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. 99 786 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BUCKBEE, EDWIN J., Ypsilanti. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st S. S., Jan. 1, 1863. Taken prisoner near Petersbura:, Va., June 17, 1864. Escaped, . Maj. Ap'l 11, 1865. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2,1865, " Tor meritorious service before Petersburg, Va. " Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUCKLIN, ANDREW J., Niles. Entered service Dec. 27, 1863. Sers't Comp'y E, 24th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 27, 1864. Resigned May 3, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE W., Flint. First Lt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., Feb. 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Campbell's Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. Resigned Sept. 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUDDINGTON, E. DARWIN, Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 26, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 24, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Capt., Mar. 1, 1864. Resigned Oct. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUELOW, CHARLES H., Detroit. Entered service Oct. 27, 1862, as Serg't Batt. K, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1864. Resigned for disability, July 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUGBEE, ORANGE, Homer. First Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, April 27, 1864. BUHL, FREDERICK A., Detroit. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, Julv 26, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Capt. 1st Cav., Nov. 10, 1863. Died Sept. 15, 1864, of wounds received in action at Shepardstown, Va., Aug. 25, 1864. BULLIS, GEORGE W., Johnstown. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Capt., Nov. 28, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Aug. 10, 1864. BULLOCK, GEORGE W., Fayette. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Mar. 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. BULLOCK, JOSEPH H.,' Detroit. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 1st Cav, First Lt. and Coin., Nov. 1, 1862. Wounded in action Jane 12, 1864. Honor- ably discharged Aug. 30, 1864. BUMP, ORRIN, Flint. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861. Serg't Maj. 8th Inf'y, . Sec- ond Lt., Mar. 27, 1863. First Lt., April 20, 1864. Wounded in action at Spotlsvl- vania, Va. May — , 1864. Adjt., July 5, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 18, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. BUNCE, ED. F., Port Huron. Second Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. BUNNELL, ALFRED S., Lyons. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861. Com. Serg't 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 16, 1864. First Lt., Mar, 14, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUNNELL, HIRAM, Portsmouth. First Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Capt., July 13, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUNNELL, MYRON, Goodrich. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned Nov. 18, 1862, and honorably dis(^harged. BUNT, JAMES G., Hillsdnle. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 16, 1863. Resigned Mar. 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUNTING, JAMES W., St. Clair. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 5th inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Honorably discliarged for dieabilitv Mar. 8, 1863. BURCH, HOSEA, Tliree Rivers. First Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned June 14, 1865, and honor.ibly discharged. BURCH, STEPHEN B.. Pinckney. Capt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Honorably dis- charged lor disability Ap'l 15, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 787 BURCH, WELLINGTON W., Ann Arbor. First Lt. 26th Infv, Sept. 1, 1862. Died of disease Feb. 7, 1863. BURCH, LAWRENCE D., Ann Arbor. Second Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 13, 186-i. Honorably discharged for disability Jan 2, 1865. BURCHELL, GEORGE W., Detroit. Second Lt., 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. First Lt., xMar. lU, lb63. Wounded in action at Fitzhugh Crossing, Va., Ap'l 29, 1863. Capt., Nov. 21, 18(13. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Resigned Jan. 21, lbiH5, and honorably dischaiged. BURCHARD, HEZEKIAH E., Ovid. Entered service May 28, 1861. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Liiiht Art., . Second Lt., Sept. 5, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BURD, GEORGE A., Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Cav.. . Second Lt., July 4, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Nov. 3, 1865. BURDICK, JAMES H., Coldwater. Second Lt., Batt. G, 1st Light Art., Oct. 3, 1861. First Lt., -une 6, 1862. Capt., Sept. 1, 1863. ■ Mustered out Jan. 17, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. BURDICK, ELLIOTT M., Coldwater, Entered service Oct. 18, 1861. Sergt. Batt. Q, 1st Litilit Art., . Second Lt., Ap'l ^9, 1884. Mustered out Aug. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. BURGER, JOSEPH, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A. 2d Inf'y. Second Lt., . First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Rcfcigned May 15, 1863, and lion- orably discli;ngfd. BURGER, MATHEW B., Odessa. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Wounded hi action at Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 1864. Fii'st Lt., Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. BURGESS, WM. J., Parma. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 6ih Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 12. 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BURKE, RICHARD H., Berrien. Entered service Jan. 15, 1862. Serg't Maj. 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 10, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, aiw honorably discharged. BURNETT, HENRY S., Goodrich. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Maj., Nov. 16, 1863. Killed in action at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. BURNHAM, ALLEN E., York. Capt. Hall's S. S., Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out Mar. 15. 1865, and honorably discharged. BURNHAM, HENRY, Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 19, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y K, 3d lul'y. >econd Lt., Mar. 19, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Sept. 25, 1865. BURNHAM, ALMOND B.* Deerlleld. Capt. 11th Inf'y Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. BURLINGAME, W. L., Adrian. Second Lt., 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. First Lt.-, Sept. 22, 1861. Resigned Nov. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. BURNS, ROBERT, Lafayette. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Adjt., Dec. 18. 1862. Capt., Mar. 31. 1863. Maj., Dec, 11, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1»65, " for gallant conduct duiiug the assault un the enemy's works at Seliua, Ala." Mus- tered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. BURNS, JEROME, Marshall. Entered service May 1, 1861. as Pvt. Comp'y I, 1st (3 monthb) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt., Batt. E, 1st Light Art., Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned June 9, 1862, and honorably discharged. BURNS, WILLIAM H., Detroit. Second Lt., 1st Comp'y S. S., ir.tii Inf'y, Jan. 16, 1863. Fii-st Lt., Jan. 20, 1864. Wounded in action May 30, 1804. Mustered out Deo. 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. 788 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. BURB, FRANK, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Deo. 19^ 1S62, and lionorably discharged. BURRFCTT, HENRY B., Pentwater. Entered service Sept. 4, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 8tli lui'y, . First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. "Wounded iu front of Petersburg, Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Not mustered as Capt. Died at Grand Rapids, Mich., May 24, 1865, of wounds received in action at Petersburg, Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. BURRITT, WALTER, Coldwater. Second Lt., 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 4, 2864, and honorably dibcharged. BURRITT, ELY E., Ionia. Second Lt., 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Wounded in action at Perrvville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Paroled May — , 1863. First Lt., Jan, 13, 1863. Resigned OcL. 15, 1863, and honorably discharged. BURROWS, JULIUS C, Kalamazoo. Capt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Eesigned Oct. 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. BURTON, HENRY M,, Coldwater. Entered service Nov. 27. 1862. Serg't Comp'y M, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., May 2, 1664. Resigned May 17, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BURTON, WILLIAM S., South Haiven Maj. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Recomraissioned Maj. 3d Cav., Oct. 18, 1864. Resigned Dec. 2, 1864, and honorably discharged. BUSCH, JOHN G., Sacfinaw. Entered service May 25, 1861. Com. Serg't 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. First Lt., May 25, 1864. Killed in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. BUSH, CHARLES R., Lansing. Second Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned June 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. BUSH, ALEXANDER, Superior. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 20th Ini'y, . First Lt., June 19, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 18, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. BUTLER, JAMES G., Allegan. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861. Com. Serg't 3d Cav., . Second Lt.. May 25, 1862. First Lt. and Q. M., Sept. 15, 1S62. Capt., Sept. 7, 1864. •Maj., July 4. 1865. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. BUTLER, WILLIAM, Niles. Entered service Dec. 16, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y L, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 12, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died of wounds Sept. 7, 1864. BUTLER, WILLIAM H,, Buffalo, N, Y., Ass't Surg. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Resigned June 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. BUTLER, HENRY, Coldwater. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y C, 1st (3 months) Iiify. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service July 28, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 19th Inf'y. Soooiid Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 10, 1865. * BUTTERWORTH, EBEN, Coldwater. Capt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Wounded and taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Died in rebel hospital at Char- lottesville, Va., Aug. 17, 1861, of wounds received in action, BUTTON, GEO. W.. FMrnMnglon. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 2'2d Inf'v. Second Lt., Jiin. 31. 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Tenn. Sept, 20, 1863, PaioJed Mar, 1, 1865. First Lt., May 17, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt. June 26, 1665, and honorably discharged, BU'J'TON, AMOS A., Shelby. Entered service Aug, 28, 1861, Serg't Comp'y B, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865, Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dls- cliarged July 5, 1865. BYERLY, EDGAR P., Owosso. Entered service Aug, 13, 1802, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 4th Cav. First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Capt., Feb, 18, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and lionurably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 789 BTINGTON, COIINELIUS, Battle Creek. Capt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25. 1861. Maj., July 26, 1862. Died Dec. 11, 1863, of wounds received in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1863. BYRNES, WILLIAM, Burr Oak. Entered service Ap'l 19, 1861, as Musician Corap'y O, 1st (3 nioutlis) Inf'y- Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Ausj. 17, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 5, 1862. Capt., Sept. 23, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 24, 1863, and honorably discharged. CADMAN, JAMES P., Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 11th Cav. Aug. 1, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 9, 1864. Capt., Jan. 21, 1865. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. CADY, WILLIAM L., Dayton. First Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. CAHILL, EDWARD, St. Johns. First Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d Col'd Infy, Jan. 19, 1864. Capt., Jan. 16, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAHILL, LE ROY, Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 19th Infy. .Second Lt., Nov. 24, 1862. Wounded in action Mar. 5, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 23, 1864. Wounded in action May 25, 1864. Capt., Oct. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAIRNS, JAMES R., Cambridge. First Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt., Jan. 27, 1864. Honorably discharged for disabiUty Jan. 4, 1865. CALDWELL, DANIEL M., Pontiac. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1802. Capt., June 19, 1862. Resigned Oct. 11, 1864, and honorably dial chaiged. CALIFF, OBED W., Muskegon. Second Lt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned May 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. CALKINS, ABRAM R., Allegan. Surg. 17th Inf'y, June 26, 1862. Resigned Oct. 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. CALKINS, ALMERON E., Allegan. Second Lt. 8th Cav., Mar. 7, 1864. First Lt , May 14, 1864. Capt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. CALltlNS, CHARLES W., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 26, 1861. Serg't Maj. 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., July 30, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1»64. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. CALKINS, DARIUS C, Lansing. Second Lt. Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S., Aug. 25, 1861. Ecbigned, . Capt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Dec. 30, 1862. CALKINS, JEROME B., Holly. First Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned May 14, 1«64, and honorably discharged. CALKINS, JOHN J., Leslie. Second Lt. Batt. C, 1st Light Art., Jan. 21, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 18, 18Ci. Mustered out June 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. CALLAHAN, JOHN J., Kalamazoo. Entered service Mav 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 2.1 Iiify, . First Lt., June 6, 1865. Adjt., July '22, 1865. Bvt. Capt. and Maj. r. S. Vol's, Jliir. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war. " Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. CALLENDER, SIDNEY R., St. Joseph. Entered service Sept. 23, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y L, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Honorably dla- charged June 6, 1865. CALMER, CHARLES H., St. Joseph. Second Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Capt., May 1, 1863. Killed in action at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1S64. CAMBURN, THOMAS E., Adrian. Entered service Nov. 19, 1863. Sergt Mnj. 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 2, 1S64. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. 790 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. CAMERON, ALEXANDER, Lansing. Entered service Aug. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G,. 16th lufy. Wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862. Second Lt., Ap'l 17, 1863. "Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863, with loss of right arm. Rt^signed Oct 28, 1863, for appointment in Vet. Reserve Corps, as Second Lt., to rank from Oct. 12, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 8, 1865. Honorably discharged June 30, 1866. CAMPAU, JOHN B., Detroit. Entered service Feb, 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 15th Iiify^ . First Lt., March 30, 1865. Capt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAMPBELL, ALLEN, Flint. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt.. Nov. 23, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER, Detroit. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, i865, and honorably discharged. CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD P., Port Huron. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Col., July 1, 1862. Honorably discharged for disabiUty, Sept. 29, 1864. CAMPBELL, GABRIEL, Ypsilanti. Capt, 17th Inf y, June 17, 1862, Honorably dis- charged for disability, Sept. 19, 1863. CAMPBELL, HENRY C, . First Lt. and Adjt. 15th Infy, June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged, CAMPBELL, JAMES, . Entered service Dec. 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 27th Infy^ . Second Lt. 2d Comp'y S. S., 27th Infy, Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 18(35, and honorably discharged. CAMPBELL, JOHN L., Northville. Entered service Oct. 7, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Eng's and JM(>ch's. Second Lt., Sept. 29, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. CAMPBELL, ROBERT, Hillsdale. First Lt. and Q. M. 4th Infy, Sept 1, 1862. Mus- tered out June 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. CAMPBELL, THOMAS, Goodrich. Entered service Sept. 7, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 8th Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 18, 1863. Killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM C, Hillsdale. First Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 17, 1865, and honorably discharged, CAMPION, WILLIAM H., Allegan, Entered service Mar, 8, 1864, as Q. M. Serg't 3d Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 17, 1864. Fu'st Lt., Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged, CANFIELD, ALFRED E,, East Saginaw, Entered service June 2, 1862, as Serg't. Comp'y B, 17th Infy, Second Lt , Sept. 14, 1863. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864, before muster as Lt. OANFIELD, AUGUSTUS H., Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 9th Infy. Second Lt, Sept 23, 1862. First Lt. Ap'l 25, 1863. Adjt, Oct. 14, 1864. MusLerod out Nov. 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. CANFIELD, HENRY, Chelsea. Entered service Nov, 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 7tb Cav, Second Lt, July 10, 1864. First Lt, May 24, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav. Nov. 17, 1865. Died at Camp Douglass, Utah Territory, Mar. 11, 1866. CANFIELD, MARTIN, Ionia. Entered service Sept 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Eng s and Mech's, . First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. OANFIELD, SILAS, Ionia. Capt 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept 12, 1861. Resigned July 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 791 CANNON, STEPHEN B., Disco. Entered scrvioe Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 22d Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Alusteied out June 26, 18G5, and honorably discharged. CANTINE, WILLIAM W., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Q. M. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Com. Subs. VolV, July 17, 18G2. Bvt Maj. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 29, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service." Mustered out Oct. 9, 1865, and hon- orably discliarged. CARDY, JAilES H., Saginaw. Entered service Sept. 21, 1861, as Si'r^'t Comp'y M, 3d Cav. Second Lt., May 12, 1862. First Lt., June 12, 1862. Capt., Nov. 14, 1864. Resigned Nov. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAREY, CHARLES H., Grand Rajids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 28, 1861. Fust Lt., Feb. 5, 1863. Died at Jackson, Miss., July 18, 1863. GARLAND, JOHN, Caledonia. Capt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 18G2. Maj., Dec. 29, 1864. Musterod out June 28, 1865. Second Lt. 6th U. S. Inf'y, Mar. 7, 1867. First Lt., Dec. 31, 1868. Now in service. CARLISLE, JOSEPH L., Berrien Springs. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 25th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mus- tered out June 24, 1«65, and honorably dischaiged. CARLL, SAMUEL B., Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861, as Farrier Comp'y K, 2d Cav. Second Lt. 7th Cav., June 11, 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner near Richmond, Va., Mar. 1, 1864. Exchanged June — , 18G4. Resigned May 29, 1865, and lionorably discharged. CARLTON, HENRY, Newport. Capt. 22d Inf'y July 31, 1862. Killed by railroad acci- dent June 6, 1S63. CARLTON, MOSES F., St. Clair. Entered service Sept. 26, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y I, 4ih Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 24, 18G5. Not mustered as an olllcer. Honorably dis- charged May 26, 1866. CARLTON, MONROE G., St. Joseph. Second Lt., 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt., May 12, 18G2. Resigned June 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. CARPENTER, EZRA, Kalamazoo. Capt., 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned June 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. CARPENTER, HENRY B., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 2Uth Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 20, 1863. First Lt., .M;iy 12, 1864. ^ Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. Capt., Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 18G5, and honorably discharged. CARPENTER, JA.MES L., Scipio. First Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Wounded and (•;iptui(!(i at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Escaped same day. Cnpt , July 8, 1863. Major, Mny 2G, 1865. 'Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out tis Capt. Mar. 10, 186G, and honorably discharged. CARPENTER, JAMES P., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 29, 1864. as Serg't Comp'y A, 28ili Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 13, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 5, 1866. CARPENTER, JOSEPH R., Bhssville. Entered Service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, nth Inf'y, . First Lt., Nov. 3. 18G3. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. CARPENTER, ROSWELL P., Ann Arbor. First Lt., 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Capt., Jan. 26, 1863. Killed in action at Spctlsylvania, Va., Miiy 12, 1H64. CARPENTER, WILLIAM H., Tecumseh. Entered service Feb. 18, 1863. Serg't Comp y K, 7th Cav., Second Lt., May 24, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. CARR, ALPIIEUS W., Lansing. Cai)t., 1st Cav., Nov. 11, 18G3. KUled in acUon at Treviiluui Station, Va., June 12, 18G4. 792 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. CAER, EOBEET H., Dowagiac. Entered sei-vice Sept. 26, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., July 4, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Feb. 12, 1866. CAEE, THOMAS C, Flint. Capt. 16th Inf'v, Aug. 9, 1861. Killed in action at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. CAEE, JOHN J., Hudson. Entered service July 26, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 18th Inf y. Second Lt., Ap'l 17, 1864. Resigned Oct. 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. CAEE, WELLINGTON F., Hancock. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 25, 1863, Fii'st Lt., May 6, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAERICK, CHAELES W., Tekonsha. Entered service July 27, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Inf'y. First Lt., May 8, 1864. Wounded in action May 8, 1864. livt. Capt. u'. S. Vol's, Sept. 30, 1864, " for gaUant service at the battle of Peebles's Farm, Va." Capt., Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. CAEEINGTON, JULIUS M., . Entered service Feb. 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 26, 1863. Honorably discharged for woimds Jan. 1, 1864. CARETS, JACOB, Marshall. Entered service Aug. 14, 1861. Cora. Serg't 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 9, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 13, 1863. Capt., Nov. 23, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. CARSON, LEWIS, East Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 26, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 7th Cav., . First Lt., Oct. 14, 1863. Resigned June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. CARTER, GEORGE, East Saginaw. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., Sept. 25, 1862. Resigned Nov. 5, 1863, and honorably discharged. CARTER, JULIUS M., Ovid. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 24, 1862. Wounded in action at Kingston Ga., May 18, 1864. Capt., July 9, 1864. Bvi. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mai-. 13, 1865, " lor gallant and meritorious service at Kingston. Ga." Honorably discharged for disability May, 17, 1865. CARVER, ELEAZUR E., Detroit. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Eesigned May 22, 1863, and honorably discharged. CAEVER, LUCIUS, Boston, Mass. Entered service Nov. 23, 1862. Serg't Maj. 7th Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 22, 1864. Killed in action at Front Royal, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. CASE, ALANSON B., Otsego. Entered service Oct. 17, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 31, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt., Jan. 20, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. CASE, FEANKLIN B., Jk., Jonesville. Entered service Feb. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 15th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 29, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 13, 1863. Capt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. CASE, DANIEL D., Jonesville. Second Lt. 15th Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1863. First Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. CASE, LEVERETT N., Jonesville. Entered service Aug. 26, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y 0, 7th Inf'y. Discharged for disability July 2, 1862. Rel'ntered service Oct. 22, 1863. Serg't ilaj. 1st S.^S., . First Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Capt., .Mar. 7, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the assault before Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. CASERLY, PATRICK, Detroit. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 15th Iiify, . Second Lt., July 23, 1862. First Lt., July 6, 1863. Wounded in action July 28, 1864. Honorably discharged for wounds Dec. 24, 1864. CASEY, JOHN M., Burr Oak. First Lt. 1st (d months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Wounded and taken prisoner at BuU Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Died of wounds received in action. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 793 CASH, DANIEL G.. Ontonagon. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. First Lt., May 1, 1863. Adjt., Dec. 24, 1863. Capt., May 5, 1864. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, \ a., June 3, 1864. Taken prisoner at Keaiu's Station, Va., Aug. 21, 1864. Escaped Oct. li), 1864. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'i 2, 1865, "for coolness and bravery in the assault before Petersburg, Va. " Maj., May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. CATHEY, GEOEGE, Cannonsburg. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 13th Int'y, . Second Lt., May 12, 18G5. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CATLIN, EDWARD U., Algansee. Entered sei-vice May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y C, 1st (3 nionUis) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Seig't Comp'y H, 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 23, 1862. First Lt , Jan. 1, 1863. Died of wounds received in action near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 7, 1864. CATLIN, SAMUEL, Tecumseh. Ass't Surg. 26th Inf'y, May 18, 1864. Not mustered. CAVANAIJGH, JAMES, Grand Rapids. Capt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Mar. 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. CESSNA, JOSEPH, . First Lt. Co. I. Merrill Horse, Sept. 6, 1861. Resigned Dec. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. CESSNA, JOSEPH P., Kalamo. Ass't Surg. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned Ap'l 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHADDOCK, GILBERT, JonesviUe. Surg. 7th Inf'y, Jan. 15, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHADRT, ANGELO W., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y L, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., May 23, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Nov. 24, 1865. CHADWICK, SAMUEL, Three Rivers. First Lt. Comp'y E, 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican War, Oct. 30, 1847. Discharged June 30, 1848. First Lt. and Adjt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863. Capt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out May 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHADWICK, LOREN, Battle Creek. Capt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861, Resigned June 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHADWICK, WALTON H., Battle Creek. Entered service July 25, 1862, as Soig't Comp'y C, 20th Inf'y. Wounded in action July 30, 1864. Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an oifficer. Honorably dischai-ged May 30, l>-'65. CHAMBERLAIN, LEWIS H., Ypsilanti. Entered service Auar. 12, 1862, as Seri^-'t Comp'y F, 24th Inf'y. First Lt., Nov. 22, 1863. Adjt., July 19, 1864. Mubtcred out June 30, m 1865, and honorably discharged. * CHAMBERLAIN, EDMUND B., Kalamazoo. Fir.-t Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Trans- ferii^d to Hih Cav. on con.solidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHAMBERLAIN, NELSON, London. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1801. Resigned Feb. 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHAMBERLAIN, DAVID P., Hudson. Asst. Surg. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Captured by the enemy July 2, 1862. Exchanged July — , 1SG2. Surg., Aug. 12, 1862. Resigned Mar. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHAMPLIN. STEPHEN G.. Grand Rapids. Maj. 3d Inf'v, May 13, 1861. Col., Oct. 28, 1861. Wounded ui action at Fair Oakb, Va.. M;iy31, 1862. Brig. Gon. Vol's, Nov. 29, 1862. Died at Grand Rapids, Mich., Jan. 26, 1864. CHAMPLIN, EDWARD P., JonesviUe. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862, as Com. Serg't 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 16, 1863. First Ll. and Q. ."^1., Sept. 28, 1803. CapU and Asst. Q. M. U. S. Vol's, June 30, 1864. Resigned May 19, 1805, and honorably discharged. lUU 794 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. CHANCE, PERRY, Hastings. First Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Jan. 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHANDLER, GEO. W., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 13, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Capt. and Cora. Subs. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 20, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1863, " for meritorious service in Subs. Department during the war." Mustered out Dec. 27, 1866, and hon- orably discharged. CHANDLER, GILBERT R., East Saginaw. Second Lt. 16th Infy, Aug. 9, 1861, Wounded in action at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 23, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 22, 1863. Resigned Aug. 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHANDLER, ROBERT G., Coldwater. Second Lt. Batt. A, 1st Light Art., May 28^ 1861. First Lt,, Mar. 8, 1862. Resigned Nov. 24, 1862, and honorably dischargL-d. CHAPEL, HENRY J., Adrian. Entered service Sept. 23, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Eng's and Mech's. Second Lt., Jan. 31, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. CHAPEL, MARQUIS D. L., Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 29, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y B, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1865. Resigned July 7, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CHAPiN, MARSHAL W., Detroit. First Lt. 4th Infv, May 16, 1861. Capt., Jan. 15, 1862. Col. 23d Infy, Aug. 23, 1862. Resianod for disability, Ap"l 15, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. CHAPMAN, AUGUSTUS "W., St. Joseph. First Lt. 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Capt.,- Dec. 1. 1862. Wounded in action Mav 27, 1863. Kifled in action at Pleasant Hill, La., Ap'l 27, 1864. CHAPMAN, NELSON C, Lansing. Second Lt. 8th Infy, Aug. 12, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Oct. 29, 1862, and honorably dischai^ed. CHAPMAN, WARREN P., St. Joseph. First Lt. and Q. M. 19th Infy, Aug. 2. 1862. Resigned Nov. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. CHAPMAN, AARON P., Monroe. Entered service June 12, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y C, 17th Infy. First Lt. and Q. M., July 19, 1863, Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHAPMAN, JACOB, Lowell. First Lt. and Com. 6th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Honorably discharged Mar. 9, 1863. CHARLES, WILLIAM S., . Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serg't Batt. B, 1st Ligtit Art., — . Second Lt., Oct. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 14, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CHASE, ALPHEUS, Jackson. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 9th Infy. Second Lt , Ap'l 4, 1862. Killed in action at T.Iurfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. CHASE, EDWARD R., Flint. Entered service Aug. 2, 1861. Serg't Maj. 8th Infy, . Second Lt., July 5, 1864. First Lt, Aug. 17, 1864. Adjt., Oct. 18, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865 Bvt. Capt., U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry in tlie iibsault on Fort Mahou, Va." Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. CHASE, EUGENE V., Duplain. Eiit(M-od service Aug. 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 1st Cav., . Second lit,., Oct. 25, 1864. Fust Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Musiorcd out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. CHASE, FRANK R., Otipco. First Lt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Nov. 14, 1863, and honorably discharged. CHASE. GEORGE N., Detroit. Capt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Jan. 7, 1862, and honorably disclnirged. CHASE, JONATHAN L., Lawton. Second Lt., 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned May 6, 1862, and honorably discluirgcd. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 79^ CHASE, LUCIEN A., Owosso. Entered semce Auff. 27. 1863, as Serg't Comp'y F, lOLh Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 18G5, aud honorablj' dis- charged. CHASE, MILTON, Battle Creek. Entered service Auu. 20, 1861. Hosp'l Stew'd 0th Inf., . Ass't Surg., Julj' 29, 18G2. Resigned July 20, 18G4, and honorably dis- tliarged. CHASE, SEYMOUR, Cannousburg. Capt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1SG2. Maj.,Feb. 3, 18G3. Resigned Oct. 20, 18G3, and honorably discliarged. CHASE, THOMAS C, Iosco. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 2Gth Iiil'y. Second Lt., Feb. 7, 18G3. First Lt., June 26. IHG-l. Capt., June 2, 18G5. Mustered out as First Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHATFIELD, HENRY. Van Buren. Entered sei-vice Sept. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 3d Cav, . >econd Lt., Sept. 22, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 7, 1864. Resigned June 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHEENEY, REUBEN S., Moscow. First Lt. 8th Infy, Sept. 24, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 13, 1862, and honorably discharged. CHEENEY, AMHURST, B., Englishville. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, Q. M. Serg't 21st Infy, . Second Lt., Auir. 2, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 2'.), 1864. "\Vound<-d in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. CHENEY, ALONZO, Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 8th Infy. Second Lt., Mar. 27, 1863. First Lt., May 6, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. CHENEY, WILLIAM J., Grand Rapids. Entered service Dec. 3, 1861. Serg't Batt. E. 1st Light Art., , Second Lt., Mar, 27, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHEERY, HENRY, Owosso. Chap, 10th Cav., Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHE8TERMAN, JOHN W., Buchanan, Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 6th Infy, Second Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHILDS, JONATHAN W., Washtenaw. Maj. 4th Infy May 16, 1861. Lt. Col., Sept. • 25, 1861. Col., July 1, 1862. Resigned Nov. 25, 1862, and honorably discharged. CHILDS, LEWIS E., Ypsilanti. First Lt. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt., Mar. 12, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Exchanged . Mustered out Sept. 30, 18G4, and honorably discharged. CHILDS, EDWIN, Comstock. First Lt., 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Capt. Mar. 14. 18G3. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHILDS, JOHN, Hancock, Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 27th Inf'v. Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not muptcrod as an officer. Honorably dis- charged May 25, 1865. CHILDS, WILLIAM A., Copper Harbor. Entered senice Sept. 18, 18G2. as Com. Serg't 27th Infy. Second Lt., S^pt., 27, 1864. Adjt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 18G5, and honorably discharged, CHILSON, SIREL, Van Buron. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Corp'l Comp'y D, 2Jlh Infy, . First Lt. and Adjt., Sept 1, 1863. Killed in action near Petersburir. Va., June 18, 1864. CHILSON, GEORGE W., Van Buren. Entered service July 30, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F. 24th Infy, . Wounded in actif)n July 1, 1863. Fust Lt., May 6. 18G4. Must.Teri out .lime 30, 1865. Second Lt. 14th U. S. Infy, Feb. 23, IbGG. First Lt , July 9. IMGB, Transferred to 32d Inf'v, Sept. 21, 18G6. Transferred to 21sl Infy, Apri9, 1»()9. Uniissigncd Aug. 16, 1869. Assigned to 8th Cav., Dec. 15, 187(1. Capt., Dec. 28, 1871. Died at Fort Duncan, Texas, Jan. 18, 1881. 796 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. CHIPMAN, HENEY L., Detroit. Capt. 11th U. S. Inf'y, May 14, 1861. Lt. Col. 2d Miuh. Inf'y, May 25, 1861. Resigned as Lt. Col., June 24, 1861. Bvt. Maj., May 3, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Chancellorsville, Va." Bvt. Lt. Col., July 2, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Gettys- burg, Pa." Col. 1st Mich, or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Ap'l 15, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mus- tered (Jut of volunteer service Sept. 30, 1865. Maj. 3d U. S. Inf'y, Oct. 29, 1873. Lt. Col. 7th Inf'y, May 19, 1881. Now in service. CHIPMAN, HOB ART H., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 18, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 6th Cav. First Lt., Oct. 22, 1863. Capt., Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHITTICK, MICHAEL, . Entered service Aug. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 16th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 27, 1862. Killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. CHOPE, CHARLES H., Detroit. Entered service July 24, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHRISTIAN, HARVEY J., Flint. Entered service Aug. 19, 1861. Com. Serg't 8th Inf'y, . First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHRISTIAN, ARTHUR, Grosse Point. Entered service Nov. 25, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 30, 1864. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM E., Flint. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Com. Serg't 8th Inf'y, . Capt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CHRISTIANCY, HENRY C, Monroe. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt, Comp'y F, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 28, 1862. Mustered out Sf^pt. 26, 1864. Bvt. Capt., Maj., and Lt. Col. of U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gnllantand meritorious sprvice during the war." Capt. and A. D. C, U. S. Vol's. Ap'l 5, 1865. Mustered out Jan. 20, 1866, and honorably discharged. CHRISTIANCY, JATMES J., Monroe. Entered service June 4, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 17th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 28, 1862. First Lt., 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Det iched as Aid to Gen. Custer, Aug. 4, 1863. Wounded in action at Hawes's Shop, Va , May 28, 1864, Mustered out Aug. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHROUCH, JAMES M., Dearborn. Entered service Oct. 9, 1861. Serg't Batt. B, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honor- al)ly discharged June 14, 1865. CHUBB, MILES, Muskegon. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, Nov. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. CHUBB, EDWIN C, Romeo. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v A, 9th Infy. Second Lt., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., May 14, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 25, 1861, and honorably discharged. CHUBB, ORVILLE P., Lansing. Entered pervi e Aug. 9, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y A. 20th Iiil'y. Ass't Surg., May 23, 1863. Surg., July 22, 1864. Mustered Aut May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. CHURCH, BENJAMIN C, Grand Rapids. Capt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Killed in action at James Island, June 16, 1862. CHURCH, ENNIS, Marshall. Surg, 9th Inf'y, Nov. 22, 1861. Transferred to 26th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Muster in revoked Nov. 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. CHURCH, HARRY C, Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Sept. 27, 1861, and honorably discharged. CHURCH, J. P. C, Jackson. First Lt. 17th Inf'y. June 17, 1862. Resigned Dec. 26, 1862, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 707 CHUKCH, JOSIAH W., Coldwater. First Lt. Batt. D, let Light Art., Sept. 1, 1861. Capt., Aug. 2, 1862. Maj., Mar. 14, 1864. Kesigned for disability. Mar. 14, 1865, aud iiouorably discliarged. CHURCH, JOHN P., Hudson. Entered service Aurvico July 19, 1862, as Serjr't Comp'y A, 6th Cav. First Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability. May 15, 1865. COLLINS, HENRY H., Ann Arbor. Entered service Nov. 20, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 17, 1864. First Lt., June 27, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. COLLINS, ANDREW P.. Niles. First Lt. 12lh Infy, Oct, 10, 1861. Mustered out July 7, 1865, and hon6rably discharged. COLVILLE, JAMES, East Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 16, 1862. Capt., Jan.'l, 1863. Wounded at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Wounded in action Nov. 27, 1863. Missing in action June 22, 1864. Returned Ap'l 22, 1865. Died of disease at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., Ap'l 27, 1865. COMSTOCK, LOREN L., Adrian. Second Lt. Comp'y K, 1st Mich. Vol's McTucan war, Oct. 30, 1847. Mustered out . Lt. Col., 1st (three "months) Infy, .v;ay 1, 1862. Capt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. Lt. Col., Mar. 21, 1863. Died Nov. 25, 1863, of wounds received same day by musket ball from a rebel S. S. at Knoxville, Tenn. COMSTOCK, OLIVER C, Marshall. Second Lt. 1st Infy, Aug. 17, 1861. First Lt., Nov. 18, 1861. Capt., May 26, 1862. Killed in action at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. COMSTOCK, SILAS. G., Three Rivers. Second Lt., 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned July 20, 1862, and honorably disciiarged. CONANT, JOHN S. Monroe. Entered service Sept. 11, 1862, as Com. Serg't 25th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 7, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Feb. 23, 1864. CONELY, THOMAS J., Jackson. First Lt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Exchanged Dec. 3, 1862. Capt., July 28, 1862. Resigned Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably disciiarged. CONGDON, DAVID, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y H, 24th Infy. First Lt. and Q. M., Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CONKLING, ALANSON, . Entered service Oct. 22, 1861, as Serg't Bait. G, 1st Liglit Art. Second Lt., Nov. 21, 1862. Died of Lung Fever at Young's Point, La., Feb. 14, 1863. CONKLING, HENRY H., Tyrone. Chap. 8th Inf., June 24, 1864. Resigned Jan. 4, 1865, and iionorably discharged. CONLEY, MARTIN, New Baltimore. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 5th Infy. Discharged for disability Sept. 24, 1862. Reentered service Sept. 27, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Xav. 12, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. CONLEY, WILLIAM H. H., Berrien Springs. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 6th Infy, . Wounded in action June 13, 1863. Second Lt.. Aug. 23, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. CONN, CHARLES G., Elkhart, Ind. Second Lt. 1st S. S., Aug. 8, 1863. Taken pris- oner near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. CONNELLY, ARTHUR, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mecb's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned Mar. 29, 1862, and honorably discharged. 101 803 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR CONNER, CHARLES A, Constantine. Entered service Aug, 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 19th Inf y, . Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Hon- orably discharged June 10, 1865. CONNER, ANDREW J., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Maj. 24th Infy, . First Lt., July 9, 1863. Capt., June 9, 1864. Resigned for disability, Oct. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. CONNER, WILLIAM B., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 5th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 3, 1862. Resigned Sept. 15, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. CONNINGTON, THOMAS, Detroit. Entered service Nov. 19, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v K, 1st U. S. S. S. First Lt., Sept. 27, 1862. Killed in action at Locust Grove, Va., Nov, 27, 1863. CONSIDINE, JOHN, Detroit. First Lt. 15th Infy, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt., July 6, 1863. Honorably discharged Oct. 31, 1864. CONVERSE, OWEN M., Ypsilanti. Entered service Sept. 14, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y E, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 10, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. CONVERSE, DANIEL G., Saranac. Entered service June 10, 1861, Serg't Maj, 3d Infy, . First Lt,, Mar. 15, 1864. Capt,, June 13, 1864, Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged, CONVERSE, MYRON A,, Corunna. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 7th Infy, Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Capt, Jan. 5, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged, COOK, ADRIAN L., Hastings. Entered service Sept. 2, 1863. Serg't Comp'y M, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Aug. 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Sept. 22, 1865. COOK, ALVIN v., Oshtemo. Second Lt, 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Honorably dis- charged for disability Jan, 4, 1864. COOK, ALEXANDER H., Worth. Entered service Sept, 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'v C, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., July 1, 1864. First Lt., Deo. 10, 1864. Honorably dis- charged May 15, 1865. COOK, BRADFORD, HoweU. Second Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. Fii'st Lt., May 25, 1862. Capt., May 13, 1863. Died June 29, 1864, of wounds received in action at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. COOK, CHARLES, Marlette. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 10th Infy, . Second Lt., May 8. 1865. First Lt., May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. COOK, GEORGE, Grass Lake. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y F, 20th Infy. Second Lt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 1, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersbura:, Va., June 18, 1864. First Lt., July 30, 1864. Capt., Oct. 7, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. COOK, GEORGE W., Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., June 27, 1862. Wounded in action June 27, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt., Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. COOK, HENRY C, Utica, N. Y. Entered service Feb. 22, 1865, as Serg't Comp'y D, 11th Infy. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept, 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. COOK, HIRAM, Oshtemo, Capt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Dec, 9, 1863, and honorably discharged, COOK, JOHN Q. A., Antrim. Second Lt., 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 12, 1864, aud honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 803 €00K, PETER N., Antrim. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Maj., Fob. 18, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. COOK, WILLIAM W,, Adrian. Entered sei-vice Dec. 18, 1862. Serg't Maj. 9th Cav., . First Lt. and Adjt., Mar. 15, 1864. Taken prisoner in action Dec. 4, 1864. Exchanged . Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. COOKE, EDWIN D., Niles. Entered service Sept. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Cav. Second Lt., May 24, 1865. Not mustered as an cflacer. Honorably discharged Aug. 16, 1865. COOLEY, MAXWELL G., Flint. Entered service Oct. 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 10th liif y. Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Resigned Dec. 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. COON, DERBY L., Ionia. Battalion Adjt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 18()2, and honorably discharged. COOPER, JAMES. Niles. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 30, 1865. COOPER, LUKE H., Monroe. Ass't Surg. 17th Inf'y, Feb. 27, 1864. Resigned Oct. 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. COOYEOU, JOSEPH, Detroit. Entered service Feb. 25, 1862. Serg't Batt. H. 1st Ligiit Art., . Second Lt., Dec. 27, 1864. Resigned June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. COPELAND, WILLIAM A., Midland. Entered sei-vice Oct. 16, 1861. Serg't Corap'v B, lOlh Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 24, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Honorably discharged as Second Lt. May 15, 1865. COPELAND, JOSEPH T., Pontiac. Lt. Col. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Col. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Nov. 29, 1862. Resigned Nov. 8, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. COPELAND. FREDERICK A., Pontiac. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14. 1862. Resigned Jan. 10, 1863. Reappointed First Lt., Jan. 11, 1863. Honorably dLsrlunged Aug. 10, 1864. Capt. and A. A. G., U. S. Vol's, June 3U, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. COQUILLARD, JAMES, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 7th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 27, 1864. Capt., Oct. 5, 1864. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. COQUILLARD, HENRY, Detroit. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Nov. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. CORBIN, HENRY B., Union City. Second Lt, Batt. D., First Light Art., Sept. 10, 186L First Lt., June 20, 1862. Capt., Mar. 23, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 8. 1865, and hou- orably discharged. CORBIN, GEORGE E., Granville. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v F, 2d Cav. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Feb. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. CORBYN, FRANK. Schoolcraft. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861, as Q. M. Serg't 3d Cav. Second Lt.. Sept. 15, 1862. Wounded at Water Valley, Miss., Dec. 18, 1862. Died of wounds Jan. 10, 1863. COREY, PHILIP G., Galesburg. First Lt., 6th Oav., Oct. 13, 1862. Capt., Mar. 18, 1863. Resigned Oct. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. CORDEN, JOHN, Siiline. Capt. 6th Inf'y. Aug. 19, 1861. Maj.. Feb. 1, 1864. Lt. Col., Oct. 16, 1864. Not mustered. Mustered out as Capt., to date Aug. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. CORLIS, JOHN S., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Cav., . First Lt., Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. 804 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. CORNELL, GEOEGE L., St. Clair. Ass't Surg. 1st S. S., Dec. 8, 1862. Honorably discharged Dec. 28, 1863. CORNEVIN, PAUL, Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Mich. Lancers, Dec. 17, 1861. Mustered out Mar. 19, 1862. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Talien prisoner at Cyntliiana, Ky., June 10, 1864. Paroled June 14, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. COEWIN. DWIGHT I., Brady. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Corap'y K, 19th Infy, . First Lt., Jan. 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 10, 1865. CO SHUN, JOSEPH, Kalamazoo. Entered service July 29, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, lyth Infy, . Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honor- ably discharged June 10, 1865. COTTON, BENJAMIN A., Saranac. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Eng s and Mech's. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. COTTON, JAY F., Chesterfield. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y I, 9th Infy. Discharged Dec. 11, 1862. Pvt. Comp'y I, 1st Cav., Nov. 7, 1863. Wounded at Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864, Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorabh' discharged. COTTON, OWEN W., Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 5th Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 21. 1862. Wounded in action at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Aug. 19, 1863. OOTTEELL. ABEAM, Lansing. First Lt. 8th Infy, Aug. 12. 1861. Taken prisoner, June 16, 1862. Released Oct. 14, 1862. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Eesigned Mar. 19, 18 :;3. First Lt. Vet. Eeserve Corps, Aug. 18, 1863. Capt., Dec. 10, 1863. Honor- ably discharged for disability, Sept. 15, 1865. COUSE, EDWAED, Detroit. Second Lt., 27th Infy, Oct. 10, 1862. Eesigned May 25,. 1863, and honorably discharged. COVEL, JAMES F., . First Lt., Comp'y I, 1st U. S. S. S., Mar. 5, 1862. Capt., Feb. 4, 1863. Honorably discharged, , COVELL, HENRY L., Grand Rapids. Entered .service Oct. 23, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and'^ honorably discharged. COVELL, ELLIOTT F., Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 3, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 1st Eny's and Mech's, . Sup(>rnumerary Second Lt., 61h Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Sec- ond Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Eesigned Mar. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. COWLES, SYLVESTEE D., Pontiac. Finst Lt. and Adjt 10th Infy, Nov. 8, 1861. Killed in action at Farmington, Miss., May 26, 1862. COX, HENRY, Detroit. Ent(>red service Aug. 13, 1861. Hosp'l Stew'd 1st Cav., , Ass't Si.ig. Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out June 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. CRAIG, SELDEN F., Niles. Second Lt., 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1862. Capt., July 17, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. CRAMPTON, THOMAS, Bronson. Entered service Jan 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 7th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. CRAMER, PETER, Woodland. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13. 1862. Eesigned Feb, 18, 1863, and honorably discharged, CRANE, ALEXANDER D., Dexter. Capt. 4th Infy, May 16, 1861. Resigned July 26, 1861, and hojiorably discharged on account of injuries received while in discharge of his duty. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 805 CEANE, HEBER, Detroit. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Died of disease Ap'l 11, 18G2. €EANE, EUGENE W., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug;. 1, 1862. as Serg't Comp'y E, 18th Infy. Second Lt., Nov. 7, 18G4. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. CRANDALL, ALONZO H., Fremont. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 2M Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. €RANSON, JOEL H.. St. Johns. Entered service Dec. 5, 1863, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 23d Infy. Promoted to non-commissioned staff Mar. 1, 1865. Transferred to 28th Infy, June 28, 1865. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1865. Not mustered as an oflicer. Honorably discharged as Com. Serg't June 5, 1866. €RAVATH, ISAAC M., Lansing. Capt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned Sept. 13, 1862, and honorably discharged. €RAW, EDWARD L., Lyons. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Capt. May 9, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 12, 1863. CRAWFORD, JOHN G., FentonvUle. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 9, 1862. Resigned Mar. 31, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. CRAWFORD, WALTER, Milford. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 19, 1865. CRAWFORD, GEORGE W., Plainfleld. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lt., May 9, 1863. Wounded in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Feb. 17, 1864. CRAWFORD, JOHN M., Ray. Capt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned for disability June 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. CRAWFORD, DAVID C, Lvons. Entered service June 10, 1861. as Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Infy. Second Lt., July I'J, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 22, 1862. Capt., Nov. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. CRAWFORD, LYMAN G.. Romeo. Second Lt. 3d Infy, July 29, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Capt., Feb. 25, 1866. Mustered out as First Lt. May 25, 1866, and honor- ably discharged. CRAY, CHARLES D., Allegan. Entered service Jan. 1, 1864. Serg't Comp'y K, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Not mustered. Killed in a charge upon bushwhackers near Sugar Creek, Tenn., Ap'l 27, 1865. CREAGER, MARVIN H., Berlin. Entered service Aug. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 2d ( av. Si'coiid Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Capt., Dec. 15, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. and honorably discharged. CREEVY, WILLIAM, Lexington. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Capt., July 1, J86-4. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably dischargt-d. CREGO, GEORGE W., Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 4, 1861. Resigned Jan 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. CRIPPEN. BRADLEY, Cokhvater. Entered service Oct. 1. 1861. IIosp'l Stew'd Butt. A, 1st Light Art., Discharged Oct. 29, 1864. Ass't Surg. 16th Infy, to rank from Apl 27, 1864. No further record. CRITTENDEN, EMORY O., Marsliall. Capt. let Eng's and Mech's. Sept. 12, 1861. Maj., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dischargt-d. €RITTENDEN, J. NEWTON. Mnrshall. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Jan. 1, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 3, 1864. Resigned Sept 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. 8 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. CEOCKER, ERASTUS B., Battle Creek. Entered service Sept. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 12, 1864. First Lt., May 24, 1865. Capt., May 26, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. CROFOOT, JOHN L., Niles. Entered service Oct. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 14, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 28, 1864. CROOKS, CHESTER C, Portage Lake. Entered service Aug. 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'r B, 1st Cav. Second Lt., June 3, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 25, 1864. Capt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. CROSS, JULIUS C, Three Rivers. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 7, 1803, and honorably discharged. CROSS, LESTER E., Saginaw City. Second Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 19, 1862. Resigned Dec. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. CROSBY, FREEMAN R., Napoleon. Ass't Surg. 17th Inf'y, Nov. 7, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. CROSBY, CALVIN B., Plymouth. Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned Dec. 5, 1862, and honorably discharged. CROTTY. DANIEL G., Giand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt. 5th Int'y, May 8, 1S65. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 5, 1885, and honorably discharged. CROWELL, REUBEN, Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 7lh Cav., July 7, 1863. Not mustered. CROWELL, ELIJAH H., Greenville. Capt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Col., Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out as Capt., June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. CROWLEY, CORNELIUS D., Almont. Entered service Nov. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Resigned as Sec- ond Lt., Ap'l 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. CUDNEY, CHARLES H., Flint. Entered service Oct. 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Eng'sand Mech's. First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. CUFF, DANIEL O., North Plains. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 21 ct Iiil'y. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. CULVER, CHARLES D., Mt. Clemens. First Lt. Batt. M, 1st Light Art., Ap'll, 1863. Resigned Oct. 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. CULVER, JOSHUA B., Paw Paw. First Lt. and Adjt. 13th Infy, . Maj., July 4, 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 26, 1N63. Col., May 26, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 23, 1865. Re-commissioned as Col., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably dibuharged. CULVER, ALBERT B., Ionia. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. First Lt., July 14, 1862. Resigned Jan. 8, 1864, and honorably discharged. CULVER. JOHN C, Hamburg. Capt. 261h Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Died May 24, 1863, of wounds received in action May 23, 18i;3. CUMMINS, JAMEg H., Holly. First Lt. 10th Cav . July 25, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, for gallantry in action at High Pouit, N. C, where, with one battalion of his regiment, he captured and destroyed more than three million dollars worth of the enemy's property. Mubiored out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discliaiged. CUMMINS, WILLIAM E., Corunna. First Lt. Kith Cav., July 25, 1863. Wounded iu action at FinL Creek, East Tenn., Aug. 24, 1864. Capt., Jan. 7, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. OUMMINGS, FRANCIS H., Grand Rapids. Chap. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAJS- IN TUE WAE. bU? CUMMIXGS, HORACE W., Niles. Firbt Lt. 6th Ixif'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Capt.. Sept. 1, lb62. Died of disetise near CarroUton, La., Nov. 13, 1802. CUMMINGS. CHAS. S., Flint. Second Lt. 29th Tnf'y, July 29, 1864. First Lt., May 31, 1«G5. Adjt., July 7, 1805. Miistmed out 8opt. 0, 1805. and honorably dLticharged. CUMMIXGS, RALPH W., Bay City. Entered service July 28, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 23d Inf'y. Ass't Surg., Nov. 10, 1862. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1864, and honorably discharged. CUMSTOCK, WARREN C, Grand Rapids. First Lt, 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned Mar. 23, 18G3, aud honorably discharged. CUNNINGHAM, JOHN, Detroit. Fir.st Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Honorably dis- charged Feb. 17, 1863, CURRY, LEWIS V., Brighton. .Second Li. 9th Ini'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Dec. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged, CURTENIUS, FREDERICK W.. Kalamazoo. Capt. Comp'y A, 1st Mich. Vol's. Mexican War, Oct. 30, 1847. Musleied out at close of war. Col. Oth Infy, June 10, 1801. Resigned June 20, 1802, aud honorably dibonarged. CURTIS, CYRUS M., Miirshall. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K. Ist Eng's and Mech's. Second Lt , July 30, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Capt.. Nov, 3, 1864, Resigned June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. CURTIS. DAVID A, Augusta. Chap. 18th Inf'y, Nov. 20, 1802, Resigned Aug. 8, 1863, and honorably discharged, CURTIS, NELSON D., Kalamazoo, First Lt. 17th lufy, June 17, 1862. Resigned Dec. 4, 1862, aud honorably discharged. CURTISS, CHARLES H.. Detroit. Eiitorpd service Aug. 22, 1861, as Q. M. Serg't 7th luf'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 10, 1863. Capt., Mar. 2, 1864. Resigned as First Lt., June 12, 1864, aud honorably discharged. CURTISS, GEORGE W,, Saginaw. Entered service July 8, 1801. Serg't Comp'y F, IbL Inf'y . Second Lt., Oct, 3, 1804, First Lt., Nov. 1, 1804. Wounded in action Mar. 2J, 1865. Capt., May 30, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1805, and honorably dis- charged. CURTISS, SAMUEL B., Howell, First Lt. 1st Mich, or 102d U, S, Col'd Infy, Nov, 23, 1863, Resigned Aug. 13, 1864, and honorably discharged. CURTISS, SESSIONS P., Vergennes, Entered service Sept, 14, 1802, Seig't Maj. Glh Cav., . First Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honoiaMv discharged. CURTISS, SYLVANUS W.. Monroe. First Lt.. 7th Inf'y, June 19. 1861. Cnpt , Mar. 1, 1802. Maj., May 26, 1803. Mustered out Oct. 5, 1804, and honorably discharge. i. CUSTER, THOMAS W,, Monroe. Corp'l 21st Ohio Infy, . Second Lt., 0th Mich. Cav., July 11, 1804. Bvt. l.-t Lt., Ca|«t.. and Maj., U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for distirmuished and gallant conduct." Mustered out Apr'l 24, 1806. Second Lt., 1st U. 5, Infy, Feb. 23, 1800. First Lt. 7Lh U. S. Cav., July 28, 180.. Bvt. Capt., Mar. 2, 1807, ''for gallant and distingui.-hcd conduct in the eiigagenicnt with the enemy ai Waynesboro, Va., Mar. 2, 1805." Bvt. Maj. Mar. 2, 1807, " for distinguished con- duct in the engagement Avith the enemy near Namozine Churih, Va., Ap'l 3, 1803." Bvt. Lt. Col., Mar, 2, 1807, lor "distinguislKHl courage aud service at the battle of Sailor's Creek,. Va." Capt., Dec. 2, 1875, Killed June 25, 1876, in aelion with Sioux Indians on Little Big Horn River, Montana Territoiy. CUSrniAN, JAMES M., Bronson. Entered service May 1, 1861. as Vvt. Comp'y F , Ist (three muiiihs) Inly. Mustered out, Aug. 7, 1801. Reentered serviee Aug. 28, 1861, as Seig't Comp'y H, 11th Inf'y. Fuot Lt. Aug. 3, 1803. Mustered out Sept, 30, 1804, and honorably discharged. 808 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. CUTCHEON, BYEON M., Ypsilaiiti. Socond Lt. 20th Inf'v, July 15, 1862. Capt., JhIv 29, 1862. Muj., Oct. 14, 1862. Li^-ut. Col., Nov. 16, 1863. Col., Nov. 21, 1863. Wounded May 10, 1864. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Auir. 18, 1864, "for gallant service at the battle of the Wilderness, Va., and Spottsylvania, Va., and during the present operations before Petersburg, Va." Col. 27th luf'y, Nov. 12, 1864. Eesigned Mar. 6, 1865, and honorablv discharged. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for con- spicii«ous gallantry at the battle of the Wilderness, Va. " OUTLEE, F. BYEON, Hillsdale. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Cav. Second Lt., June 9, 1862. Eesigned May 2, 1863, and honorably discharged. CUTLEE, GEOEGE W., Eansom. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Wounded in action and taken prisoner at Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 1864. Sent to Libby prison. Exchanged Feb. 21, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability May 15, 1865. CUTLEE, PHILO D., Ionia. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged Nov. 1, 1864. CZIZEK, AUGUSTUS, Mt. Clemens. Second Lt., 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Eesigned Dec. 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. DAFOE, JAMES, Greenfield. Capt. 16th Inf'y, July 30, 1861. Eesigned Ap'l 15, 1862. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Honorably discharged Dec. 10, 1864. DAGLE, JOHN, Pentwater. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg'fc Comp'y A, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an oificer. Honorably dis- charged June 4, 1865. DAILEY, AETHUE H., Battle Creek. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 6th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 25, 1864.'" Eesigned June 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAILEY, ASA G., Niles. Capt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Taken prisoner in action Aug. 16, 1864. Euchanged, . Eesigned Ap'l 27, 1865, and honoiably discharged. DAKE, CEAWLEY, P.. Armada. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Maj., Dec. 31, 1862, Eesigned Aug. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. DAKEN, STEPHEN M., Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'v I, 2d Inf'v, . Fiist Lt., Oct. 12, 1864. Wounded in action at Fort Steadiiian. Va., Ma.. '25, 1865. Ca])t. Ap'l 25, 1865. Maj., July 22, 1865. Mustered out as Capt. July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. DALY, JOHN H., Detroit. Second Lt. Comp'v A, 23d 111. Inf'v (a Mich. Comp'y), June 15, 1861. Fii-st Lt., Nov. 1, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 14, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., Aug. 10, 1865. Mustered out as Adjt., Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. DANIELS, HENEY H., Hudson. Entered service May 25, 1861. Com. S.n-g't 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 16, 1862. Fh'st Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Ad.it.. Mar. 26, 1864. Capt., ]\Iav 12, 1864. Wounded in action July 30, 1864, Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 5, 1864. DANIELS, FEANCIS, Pontiao, Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 7th Iiil'y, . Second Lt., Dec, 18, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. DANIELS, ALBEET, Eichland. Ass't Surg, 17th Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Eesigned Oct. 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. DANIELS, JABEZ J., Hudson. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Eesigned Feb. 27, 1862. Capt. Batt. I, 1st Light Art., Aug. 14, 1862. Eesigned Dec. 15, 1863, and lion- orably dischai'ged, DAELING, DANIEL H., East Saginaw, Capt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Ma,]., Mar. 22, 1864. Lt. Col., May 26, 1865. Mustered out as Maj., Dec. 15, 1865, and laonorably dibcharged. DAELING, JAMES, Southfield. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 8U9 DAELING, BENJAMIN, Mason. Entered service Sept. 9, 1801, as Soig't Comp'v K, 8th Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Honorably discharg.'d May 1, 1864. DAELING, ELISHA, Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. Eesigned Nov. 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. DAEEAGH, JAMES, Monroe. Capt. 7th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Died of disease, Ap'l 17, 1802. DAEEAGH. AECHIBALD B., Monroe. Entered sei-vice Mar. 12, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y 1), 9th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 15, 1863. First Lt, Feb. 12,1864. Capt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out July 21, 1865, as Fust Lt., and honorably discharged. DAEEAGH, JAMES C, Monroe. Enterod service Mar. 12, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y D, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 26, 1864. Wounded and lost a leg near Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 1, 1864. 1 irsl Lt. and Adjt., May 15, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAEEOW, EUSSELL T., Homer. Entered somce Sept. 7, 1861. as Serg't Comp'y M, 2d Cav. Second Lt., June 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Killed in action near Cypress river, Ala., Oct. 7, 1804. DAEEOW, WILLIAM T., Allegan. First Lt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1802. Eesigned Feb. 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. DASKAM, CHAELES S., Paw Paw. Entered service Sept. 17. 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Cav , . Second Lt., Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honora- bly discharged. DAVID, ADDISON. Trenton. First Lt. and Com. 9th Cav., Jan. 1, 1863. Eesigned Feb. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. DAVID, JAMES I., Trenton. First Lt. and Q. M. 1st Cav., Aug. 22. 1861. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, June 11, 1862. Col. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Eesigned for disability, Nov. 30, 1803, and honorably discharged. DAVIDSON, EDW^AED P., Muskegon. Entered service June 10, 1801. Serg't <"omp'y I, 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 15, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honor- ably discharged June 19, 1865. DAVIDSON, JOSEPH L., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 20, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v L, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 28, 1804. First Lt., Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIS. ALEXANDER G., Dearborn. Second Lt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Wounded In action at Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, 1862. Died of wounds, Ap'l 21, 1862, at Cincinnati, Ohio. DAVIS. BAELOW, Piltsfield. Second Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Fir.-^t Lt., IMay 31, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 30, 1805, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, BENJAMIN F., Battle Creek. Entered service Sept. 1, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y F, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 4, 1864. Killed in action at Marion, Va., Dec. 18, 1864, before muster as a Lt. DAVIS, CALEB F, Detroit. Second Lt. Independent Comp'y (Brady Guard) June 18, 1847, Mexican 'War. Mustered out at the close of the war. Second Lt. C'otnp'v K, 1st U. S. S. S., Nov. 12, 1861. Honorably discharged for disability, Oct. 11, 1862. DAVIS, CHAELES, Albion. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 6th Infy. . First Lt., July 21. 1864. Wounded in action at Ashton, Ark., July 24, isr,4. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, COLLINS, Tecumseh. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 18G1. Resigned Ap'l 1. 1802, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, GEORGE N., Albion. Capt. 1st S. S., Mar. 31, 1863. Eesigned Nov. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, HENEY, Belleville. Entered service Oct. 23, 1861, ns Serg't Compy B. 14th Infy. Second Lt., Juno 25, 1804. First Lt., Aug. 10, 1804. Capt.. Feb. 1(». 1805. Wounded in action. Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. 102 810 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. DAVIS, JONATHAN E., Macomh. 4, 1864, and honorably dischar^ Ass't SurR. 27th Infy, Dec. 23, 1862. od. Resigned Jan, DAVIS, LEWIS P , Eonieo. Entered service Aus:. 9, 1862. Serg't Maj. 22d Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, OSCAR L., East Saainaw. Entered service Aua:. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 23d Infv. Second Lt., Dec. 17, 1862. First Lt. and Q. M., July 20, 1863. Honor- ably discharged for disability Feb. 23, 1864. DAVIS, OSCAR A., Savannah. Ga. Entered sei-vice , as Pvt. 10th Mich. Cav. Sec- ond Lt. 1st Mich., or l(i2d U. S. Col'd Infy, May 8, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, PERRY J., Allegan. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862. Sorg't Comp'y L, 4th Cav., . First Lt. and Q. M., Aug. 25, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, May 10, 1865, "for meritorious service in the capture of Jeff. Davis." Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, ROBERT W., Pontiac. Lt. Col. 14th Infy, Nov. 30, 1861. Resigned Sept. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. DAVIS, STANLEY W., Wheatland. Entered service July 23, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, l.sth Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 31, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Wounded and taken prisoner at Athens, Ala., Sept. 24, 1864. Paroled Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVIES, WILLIAM C, Detroit. Lt. Col. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Mar. 31, 1862. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., May 5, 1863. Honorably discharged Dec. 5, 1863. DAVISON, JEHIEL, Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Infy, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- chaiged June 4, 1865. DAVISON, OLIVER I., East Saginaw. Entered service Nov. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v H, 27th Infy. Second Lt., May 25, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 20, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Capt. 1st Independent Comp'y S. S., Nov. 15, 18G4. Bvt. jMiij. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service." Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAVENPORT, GEORGE W., . Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 5tli Cav. First Lt. 8th Cav., Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out Ap'l 30, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. Serg't Comp'y F, 20th Mustered out May 30, DAWES, MARTIN C, Brooldyn. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Infy, . First Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. Capt., Dec. 20, 1864. 1865, and honorably discharged. DAY, ALBERT A., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y H, 20th Infy. Second Lt., May 23, 1863. First Lt., May 12, 1864. Capt., Sept. 10, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 25, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry in the attack on Fort Steadnian, Va." Clustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DAY, CHARLES G., Hudson. Entered service Aug. 25, 1862, as Serg't Batt. L 1st Light Art. Second Lt., June 9, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. DEAN, THOMAS, Alleaan. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v A, 3d Cav. Second Lt.. Oel. 1, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 16, 1863. Capt., Oct. 26, 1864. Rcbigned Oct. 17, 1865, ;ind honorably discharged. DEAN, THOMAS I, Northville, Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Taken prisi'iier in action near James City, Va., Oet. 10, 1863. Exchanged "Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 14, ia65. Mustered out July 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. DEANE, CHARLES W., Pentwater. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned Jan. 5, 1865, and honorably dibcharged. DEAN, HENRY S., Green Oak. Capt. 22d Infy, July 31, 1862. Maj., Jan. 5, 1863. Col., June 7, 1864. Mustei-ed out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. Maj., Nov. 11, 1863. Lt. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 811 DEAN, LTMAN H., Morenci. Chap. 30th Infy, Ap'l 6, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 18G5, and honorably discharged, DEAN, FKEDERICK J., Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862. Serg't Chicago Board of Trade Batt., . Second Lt. 13th Batt., Sept. 13, 1SG4. First Lt., Jan. 2, 1865. Eesigued June 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. DeBOE, martin, Holland. First Lt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Capt., Feb. 17, 1863. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. DeBOLT, WM. H., Kalamazoo. Entered service Nov. 6, 1861, as Serg't Cunip'y H, 12th Infy. Second Lt., Mar. 15, ISGi. Resigned Aug. 20, 186-1, and honorably discharged. DeCAMP, WM. H., Grand Rapids. Surg. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Mus- tered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. DECKER, CLARK W., Adrian. Entered service May 1, 1801, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Inl'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 11th Cav.. Aug. 1, 1863. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honora- bly discharged. DECKER, ELMER F., Marquette. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861, ae Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. First Lt., May 18, 1863. Wounded in a. tion at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Capt., Aug. 1, 1864.' Honorably discharged Mar. 7, 18G5. DECKER, GABRIEL M., Hillsdale. Second Lt. 17th Infy, Nov. 18, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 19, 1863. DECKER, HENRY F., Port Huron. Second Lt. 5th Infy, Jan. 19, 1861. First Lt., Oct. 28, 1861. Resigned Nov. 28. 1862, and honombly discharged. DeCLUTE, CHANCEY H., Coldwater. Second Lt. 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1^64. First Lt., Mar. 26, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and houorubiy dischargeo. DEES, ALEXANDER, Detroit. Capt. Batt. C, Ist Light Art., Sept. 1, 1861. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. DeGRAFF, HENRY, Adrian. Entered sei-vice Dec. 4, 1862, as Com. Serg't 7th Cav. Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Nov. 7, 1865. DeGOYLEB, SAMUEL, Hudson. Capt. 4th Infy, Mav 16, 1861. Maj., Sept. 25. 1861. R.'!-iiined Jan. 12, 1862. Capt. Batt. H, 1st Light Art., Mar. 11, 1862. Died at Hudson, Mich., Aug. 8, 1863, of wounds received at the siege of Vicksbuig, Miss., May 28, 1863. DeLAND, CHAS. v., Jackson. Capt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, ISGi. Taken prisoner at Mur- freesboro, Tenn., July 15^, 1862. Exchanged Dec. — , 1862. Col. 1st S. S.. J»in. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Spotlsylvauia, Va., May 12, 1864. Wounded inaction beft)re Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Wounded and taken prisoner at Poplar Spring Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Exchanged Feb. — , 1865. Honorably di.seiiarged Feb. 4, 1S65. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 14, 1865, "for gallant and meritori- ous service. " DeLAND, JAMES S., Jackson. Entered service Dec. 29, 1863. Serg't Maj. 1st S. S , . First Lt. June 20, 1864. Wounded in action nt-ar Peteisburg, Va., July 11, 1864. Capt., Nov. 20, 1864. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Ap'l 2, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the assmilt before Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably dis-eharged. DEM.\BEST, SAMUEL L., Otisco. Capt. 25lh Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Mnj., Ap'l 12, 1864. Woundt'd in action at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Wounded in action near Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 27, 1864. Mustered out as Capt., June 24. 1865, and honor- ably discharged. DEMEREE. COURTLAND R., Flint. Entered service Aug. 13, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y G, 2yih Infy. Second Lt., July 13, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Sept. 6. 1865. 813 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR DEMING, LAFAYETTE L., Jackson. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned Sept. 3, 1S62, and honorably discharged. DEMONT, RICHARD A., Bertrand. Entered service Oct. 14, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 12th Infy. Second Lt, Oct. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Capt., June 9, 1864. Resigned Nov. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. DENEL, WILLIAM A., New Buffalo. Entered service Jan. 17, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 11, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 15, 1865. Capt., June 10, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. DENISON, ROLLIN C. Kalamazoo. Capt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22,1861. Resigned Ap'l 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. DENISON, STEPHEN A, Madison. Second Lt. 18th Inf'v, Julv 27, 1862. Fu-st Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. Capt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. DENNIS, JOHN J., Grand Rapids. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Resigned Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. Batt. E, 1st Light Art., Nov. 5, 1861. Resigned June 9, 1862, and hon- orably dischai-ged. DENNISON, CHARLES, Brighton. First Lt. 5th Inf'y, Sept. 4, 1861. Wounded in action at Pohick Church, Va., Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Liar. 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. DESPELDER, PETER, Grand Haven. Entered service Oct. 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. DEVENS, ELIJAH J., Coldwater. Capt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 8, 1864, and honorably discharged. DEVEREUX, NICHOLAS, Marshall. Second Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 25, 1862. Honorably discharged Feb. 18, 1865. DeVRIES, peter, Adrian. Second Lt. Batt. E, 1st Light Art., Dec. 15, 1861. First Lt., June 9, 1862. Capt., Mar. 16, 1862. Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. DeWATER, ORVILLE H., Kalamazoo. Entered service Nov. 18, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Died Ap'l 30, 1865, before muster. DEWEY, WILLIAM A. Leshe. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Capt., Dec. 30, 1862. Killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. DEYO, ELIJAH P., Alamo. Entered service Dec. 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 13th Infy. Second Lt., July 13, 1862. Fir.st Lt., Mar. 5, 1863. Wounded in action at Chickamauga, Tenn., Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. DIBBLE, SPENCER, Marshall. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y T, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service Dec. 2, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 8th Cav. First Lt., June 3, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Missing in action at Henryville, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1864. No further record. DICEY, ELMER C, White Pigeon. Supernumerary Second Lt., 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned Dec. 20, 1862. Capt. 1st S. S., Mar. 31, 1863. Taken prisoner at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Honorably discharged May 6. 1865. DICK, JOSEPH, Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 16, 1861. Serg't 1st Comp'y S. S., 16Lh Inf'y, . Second Lt. July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an olliccr. Hon- orably discharged July 8, 1865. DICKENSON, EDWIN J., Battle Creek. First Lt. Comp'y L, Merrill Horse, Dec. 17, 1862. Resigned June 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. DICKENSON, THOMAS J., Grand Rapids. First Lt., 3d Infy, July 29, 1864. Died of dibcubc at Huntsville, Ala., Nov. 13, 1864. MICHIGAN IN TUE WAR. 813 DICKENSON, "WILLIAM H., . First Lt. 3d Cav. Sept. 7. 1861. Capt., Feb. 27, 1862. Resigned May 2-i, 1862. Lt. Col. 4th Cav., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. DICKINSON, ALANSON P., Romeo. Second Lt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., June 23, 1862. Resigned as Second Lt., Jan. 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. DICKINSON, JULIAN G., Jackson, Entered service July 11, 1862. Serg't Major 4th Cav., , First Lt. and A.ljt, July 15, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, May 10, 1865, "for meritorious service in the capture of Jeff Davis." Mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. DICKINSON. MARSHALL J., Verraontville. Second Lt., 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., May 17. 1862. Maj., Sept. 13, 1863. Lt. Col., July 31, 1865. Mustered out as Maj., Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. DICKINSON, SIMEON F., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Cav. Second Lt., May 2, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Taken pris- oner in action near Florence, Ala., Oct. 30, 1864. Exchanged — . Capt., Jan. 28, 1865. Honorably discharged as First Lt., May 15, 1865. DICKINSON, WALLACE W., Newaygo. Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. First Lt. and Com., Jan. 5, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. DICKERSON, CHRISTOPHER J., Hillsdale. Lt. Col. 10th Infy, Nov. 20, 1861. "Wounded and taken prisoner in action at Buzzards' Roost, Ga., Feb. 25, 1864. R<^leased Aug. 3, 1864. Col. 6th Infy, Nov. 12, 1864. Declined. Resigned as Lt. Col. lOth Infy, Nov. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged to accept a civil appointment. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service." DICKERSON, JAI^IES B., Pludson. Entered service Mar. 16. 1864. Serg't Comp'y K, 4th infv, . Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Feb. 23, 1866. DICKEY, "WILLI ATil H. MarshaU. Second Lt. Cth Infy, Oct. 9, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Discharged for promotion as Col. 12th Reg't Corps de Afrique, Oct. 19, 1863. No further record. DICKEY, GILBERT M., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Com. Serg't 24th Infy. Second Lt., Mar. 10, 1863. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. DICKEY, FRANK "U'., Marshall. Capt. 2d Cav.. Sept. 2, 1861. Maj., Oct, 16, 1862. Resigned ilay 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. DILLON, RICHARD S., Detroit. First Lt. 24th Inf'v, July 26, 1862. Capt., June 1. 1863. Wouiuled in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Bvt. Mnj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 9, 1865, "for meritorious service during the recent campaign terminating in the surrender of the insurgent army under Gen. R. E. Lee." Mustered out June 30, 1865, and hoiiorably discharged. DILLMAN, LOUIS, Detroit. Capt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. Maj.. Mar. 6, 1862. Lt. Col., July 26, 1862. Resigned July 30, 1863, and honorably discharged. DIMOND, ALBERT, Worth. Entered service Sent. 9, 1862. S<'rg't Comp'y C, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PINGWELL, GEORGE, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 24th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DITTMAN, AUGUSTUS, Romeo. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 9tli Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 23, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, I860, and honorably discharged. DIXON, CUTHBERT, Centerville. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 11th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 19, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Sept. 30, 1864. DOANE, JOHN W., Pine Run. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 8th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 18, 1863. First Lt., May 6, 1864. Wounded In action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Aug. 17, 1864. 814 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. DODGE, GEO. W., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Sorg't Comp'y F, 3d luf'v. Second Lt.. Aug. 11, 1861. Fiist Lt, Jan. 1, 1862. "Wounded at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Capt., Oct. 25, 1862. Kesigned Feb. 5, 1863, and honor- ably discliarged. DODGE, JAMES P., St. Johns'. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 8th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 5, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1864. Capt., June 2, 1865. Mus- tered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DODGE. DAVID A,, Toledo, 0. Capt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Nov. 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. DODGE, CHARLES C, Marshall. Capt. 20th lofy, July 29, 1862. Taken prisonerin jirtion June 3, 1864. Exchanged . Resigned Ap'l 18, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. DODGE, HORACE W., Detroit. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. Honorablv discharged for disability Oct. 21, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gaUant and meritorious service during the war." DODGE, WINCHESTER T., Orange. Second Lt. 7th Cav, Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned Feb. 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. DODGE, DON A., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Com. 10th Cav., Aug. 24, 1863. Re- signed Mar. 28, 1865, and honoralily discharged. DODSLEY, WM. R., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 24th Inf'v. Second Lt., Dec. 29, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburir, Pa., Julv 1, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. Capt., Nov. 22, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOESBURG, JACOB 0., Holland. Second Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Feb. 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. DONAHUE, JAMES S., Flint. Second Lt. 8th Inf'v, Sept. 24. 1861. First Lt., May 14, 1S62. Wounded in action at James Island, June 16, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1, 1863. W^ounded in action at the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, losing a leg. Honorably dis- charged for disability Sept. 24, 1864. DONAHUGH, JOHN T., . First Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Capt., Aug. 8, 1863. Mustered out Mar. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. DONALDSON, GHAS. B., Pose. Entered service Feb. 8, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y K, 8th Cav First Lt., Jan. 22, 1864. Resigned for disabiUty June 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. DONALDSON, WM. T., . Entered service Aug. 26, 1864. Com. Serg't 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 19, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 26, 1866. DONALDSON, JAMES, Port Huron. Entered service Aug 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 7tli Int'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 18, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. DONNELLY, JOHN L., Monroe. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out Feb. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOOLEY, THOS. B., Corunna. Chap. 14th Infy, Feb. 11, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. DOOLITTLE, CHAS. C, Hillsdale. First Lt. 4th Infy, May 16, 1861. Capt., Aug. 20, 1861. Wound. Hi in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 28, 1862. Col. 18th Inf'v, July 27, 1862. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Jan, 27, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. U S. Vol's, June 13, 1863, "for meritoriouti service during the war." Mustered out Nov. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOPSON, HENRY, Muskegon. First Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 26, 1864. Woundeil in action at Spottsylviuiia, Va., May 12, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability as First Lt. Sept. 3, 1864. J MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 815 DORAN, MILES, Wayue. Entered service Sept. 27, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 14th luf'y. Second Ll., July 14, 1864, Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Oct. 17, 1865. DOTY, DUANE, Ann Arbor. First Lt. and Adjt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned July 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. DOUGHTY, BENJAMIN F., Sturgis. Maj. 11th Infv, Oct. 11, 1861. Resigned Aug. 18, 1862. Chap. Uth Inf'y, Oct. 13, 1862. Tninsferred to 8th Cav., Mar. 30, 1863. Resigned for disability, Ap'l 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOUGHERTY, JOHN R., Shiawassee. Entered service, Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 8ih Inf'y, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. DOUGLASS, CHAUNCEY C, Grand Rapids. Battalion Q. M. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. DOUGLASS, RICHARD, Ross. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct, 15, 1862. Honorably dischai-ged Ap'l 2, 1864. DOUGLASS, GEO. A., HUlsdale. Capt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOWD, WILLIAM E., Holland. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug, 10, 1862. Died of disease Feb. 17, 1863. DOXSIE, JAMES W., Oneida. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt, Comp'y I, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered sei-viee Nov. 18, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 27th Inf'y. Wounded in action, . First Lt., Feb. 4, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOYLE, MICHAEL, Detroit. Entered service Dec. 16, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. DOYLE, RICHARD N., Georgetown. First Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Capt,, Jan. 9, 1862. Wounded in action at James' Island, June 16, 1862. Lt. Col., May 7, 1864, Not mustered as Lt. Col. Maj., Aug. 20, 18u4. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for gallantry in the assault before Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOYLE, JOHN. Monroe. First Lt, and Q. M, 15th Inf'y, May 29, 1862. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. DOYLE, TIMOTHY W,, Monroe. Entered service Dec, 3, 1861, as Com, Serg't 15th Inf'y. Second Lt,, Oct. 1, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. DRAGOON, JOSEPH L., Kalamazoo. Entered service Jan. 25, 1862, as Com. Serg't 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864, First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged, DRAKE, GEORGE, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 23, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 11, 1863. Capt., Oct. 24, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Maj., May 17, 18G5. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. DRAKE, ADDISON T., Sturgis. FUst Lt. and Q. M. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt., June 17, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. DRAKE, LEWIS, Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 9. 1862, as Serg't Maj. 22d Inf'y. Seo- ond Lt., Nov. 27, 1862. Fu-st Lt., Aug. 3, 1863. Capt., Sept. 25, 1863. Taken pris- ont-r at Chickamauga, Tenn., Sept. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 11, 1805, and hon- orably discharged. DR.\KE, PHILO A., Hastings. Ass't Surg. 3d Inf'y, July 29. 1864. Resigned June 20, 1865, and honorably disoharg-d. 816 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR DRAPER, CHARLES S., Portiac. Second Lt. 3d Infy, Oct. 28, 1861. Detached as Aid to Gen. Richardson, Ap'l 1, 1862. Capt. and A. D. C. U. S. Vol's, . Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Resigned Mar. 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. DRAPER, JOHNN., Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Eng's and Mech's. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. DREW, FRANCIS, Grand Rapids. Chap. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Sept. 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. DREW, HARVEY L, Niles. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Com. Serg't 3d Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 13, 18G2. First Lt., Dec. 20, 1862. Capt., Oct. 24, 1864. Resigned as First Lt., Nov. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. DREW, GEORGE A., Detroit. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct 13, 1862. Maj., July 17, 1863. Lt. Col., June 6, 1864. Declined [)roaioLion. Bvt. Lt. Col, U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for highly distinguished and meritorious service in the Shenandoah Valley." Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l y, 1865, " lor highly distinguished and meritorious service in the campaign against Richmond, Va. " Mustered out on expiration of term of service, Oct. 11, 1865. Second Lt. 10th U. S. Infy, May 15, 1866. Bvt. First Lt , Mar. 2, 1867, " for gallant and meritorious service in the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley in 1864". Bvt. Capt., Mar. 2, 1867, " for gallant and meritorious service in the cam- paign as-ainst Richmond, Va., in 1865." First Lt., Mar. 26, 1868. Assigned to 3d U. S. Cav.r Jan. 1st, 1871. Capt, Mar. 20, 1879. Now in service. DRESSER, MELVIN W., Lyons. First Lt. 15th Infy, Jan. 1. 1862. Killed in action at Shiloh, Teun., Ap'l 6, 18G2. DRIGGS, WILLIAM J., East Saginaw. Entei-ed service Aug. 29, 1862, as Corp'l Comp'y L, 6th Cav. Transferred to Comp'y C, 7th Cav., Nov. 12, 1865. First Lt., 1st S. S., July 22, 1863. Discharged for disability July 6, 1864. Second Lt., 11th U. S. Infy, Feb. 23, 1866. First Lt., July 28, 1866. Transferred to 20th Infy. Sept. 21, 1866. Mustered out Jan. 1, 1871, and honorably discharged. DRYER, NEWELL A., Lansing. Pvt. 17th Infy . Ass't Surg. 17th Infy, Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUBENDORF, EDWARD, Coldwater. Second Lt., 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Infy, Nov. 14, 1863. Fir-st Lt., May 5, 1865. Q. M., Aug, 18, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUDLEY, GEO. P. Brighton. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861. Serg't Maj. oth Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 17, 1862. First Lt., July 4, 1863. Resigned as Second Lt., Sept. 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. DUEL, JOHN W., Allegan. Entered service Aug, 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 19th Infy . First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. DUESLER, BENJAMIN, Quincy. Capt. Comp'y C, 1st U. S. S. S., Aug. 21, 1861. Resigned Oct. 18, 1861, and honorably discharged. DUESLER, DANIEL, Quincy. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Capt., Feb. 1, 1863. Honorably discharged lor disability June 27, 1863. DUESLER, JEREMIAH, Coldwater. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 18, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 21, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. DUFFIE, PHELIX, Kalamazoo. Capt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. Captured Mar. 5, 1863. Exchanged May 1, 1863. Resigned Jan. 22, 1864, and honorably dischaged. DUFFIELD, WILLIAM E., Monroe. Second Lt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. Wounded ill aution at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Died at Frederick City, Md., Oct. 16, 1862, of wounds received Sept. 17, 1862. DUFFIELD, HENRY prisoner at Mm lit in action at Chickiuuti honorably dischaiffed. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 817 ENRY M , Detroit. First Lt. and Adjt., 9th Infy. Oct. 12, 1861. Taken Muiliecsboro, Tenn., July 13, 1«62. Released Aug. 15, 1862. Wounded Chickaniauga, Tenn., Sept. 20, 1863. Mustered out Oct. H, 1864, and ischarared. DUFFIELD, WM. W., Detroit. Lt. Col. 4th Lif., May 16, 1861. Col. 9lh Infy, Sept. 10, 1661. Taken prisoner at Murfreot.boro. Tenn., July 13, 1862. Exchan^'ed Aug. 27. 1662. Resigned Feb. 6, 1863, and honorably disuharged. DUGGAN, ANDREW W. Detroit. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Capt.. July 5, 1662. Wouniied ui action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1663. Wounded in action at Trevillian Station. Va., June 12, 1664. Maj., Oct. 25, 1664. Wounded in action at Five Forks, Va., May 30, 1665. Rvt. Lt. (Jol. U. S. Vol's, May 25, 1865, "for gallant Conduct in the caiupaimi of Gen. Sheridan and battle of Five Forks, Va." Lt. Col.. Dec. 4, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 26, 1666, and honorably discharged. DUMONT, CHARLES H., Indiana. Entered service July 18, 1864. Serg't Comp'y D, 10th Cav., . Second Lt., June 16, 1865, Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and hon- orablv discharged. DUNBAR, G. EDWIN, Decatur. Entered service Dec. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., May 15, 18(;2. First Lt. and Q. M., Aug. 18, 1862. Capt. and A&st Q. M. U. S. Vol's, Dec. 5, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Oct. 1, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the campaign in Georgia and the Carolinas." Mustered out Nov. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUNCAN, JAMES, Northfield. Entered service Nov. 13, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 8, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 12, 1864. Not mustered as First Lt. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., Died in military prison at Charleston, S. C, Oct. 26, 1864. DUNCAN, TITUS, East Saginaw. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Hosp'l Stew'd 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7. 1861. Surg. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864, Resigned Mar. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUNCOMBE, STEPHEN, Keeler. Second Lt. Comp'y D, Western S. S., Sept. 16, 1861. First Lt., June 11, 1862. Resigned July 16, 1862, and honorably disciiarged. DUNHAM, EDWARD, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. DUNHAM, WILLIAM, FentonvUle. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1661. Resitrned May 11, 1862, and honorably discharged. DUNLAP, JAMES A., Monroe. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 2d Cav., . Ass't Surg., Mar. 1, 1864. Sug., July 31, i865. Mustered out as Ass't Surg., Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged, DUNN, WILLIAM H., Ganges. Second Lt. 10th Cav,, July 25, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1864. Capt. Jan. 6, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 11, 1665, "for gallanUy in action at Abbott's Creek, N. C." Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. DUNN, RICHARD, Brighton. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Infy, , Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an ofHcer. Honorably dis- charired July 28, 1665. DUNNETT, DANIEL W., Grand Rapids. Entered service Feb. 21, 1863. Serg't Comp'y D, 7th Cav., . Second Lt., .Mar. 28, 1664. Capt, July 31, 186-1. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mu.-^Lored out Mar. 10, 1666, and honorably disciiarged. DUNPHY, WILLIAM H., Memphis. First Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. Capt., Mar. 31, 1663. Lt. Col., Feb. 24, 1665. Col., Juno 7, 1865. Mustered out as Lt. Col., July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUNSTER, HENRY, Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Infy, . Second Lt., Dec. 4, 1863. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably dischuigud, 103 • 818 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR DUPONT, CHAELES, Detroit. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y K, 4th Inf y. Wounded in service. Discharged on account of wounds July 29, 1862. First Lt. 13th Batt., Dec. 11, 1863. Capt., June 11, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUPUY, EICHAED G., Ann Arbor. First Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Capt., Aug. 20, 1861. KUled in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. DUE AND, SAMUEL M., Marshall. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 6th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honor- ably discliarged. DUEAND, CHAS. M., . Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y D, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Eeentered service Sept. 15, 1861. Serg't Batt. E, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out Mar. 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUEYEE, WILLIAM, Lee. Second Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Eesigned July 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. DUTCHEE, GEOEGE N., Saugatuck. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt., June 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Littletown, Pa., June 30, 1863. Wounded in action at Brandy Station, Va., Oct. 13, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 2, 1863. DWIGHT, JAMES A., YpsUanti. First Lt. and Q. M. 20th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Eesigned Feb. 5, 1863, and honorably discharged. DWIEE, MILTON, Jackson. Entered service Dec 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 9th Cav., . First Lt. and Q. M. Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. DYCKMAN, BAENEY, Paw Paw. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 13, 1862. Capt., May 25, 1862. Eesigned Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. DYE, CHAELES H., Niles. Entered service Mar. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'v F, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. DYE, JOHN W., Ionia. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Com. Serg't 21st Inf'y. First Lt. and Q. M., Mar. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. DYEE, MILO E., Pulaski. Entered service Dec. 24, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 1st S. S., . First Lt., Aug. 15, 18G4. Mustered out July 28, lb65, and liouorably dis- charged. DYGEET, KIN S., Detroit. Capt. 1st Comp'y S. S., 16th Inf'y, Sept. 3, 1861. Taken prisoner in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Escaped and rejoined regiment Jan 28, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 4, 1805, and honorably discharged. EAGLE, JOSEPH A., Detroit. Capt. 5th Ini'y, June 19, 1861. Eesigned Oct. 11, 1861, and honorably dischai-ged. EAGLESON, THOMAS, Bedford, O. Entered service Mar. 28, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 8th Inf'y, . Ass't Surg. 1st S. S., July 23, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 18G5, and honorably discharged. EAEL, JOHN E., Kalamazoo. Entered service Dec. 10, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y L, 1st Eng's and Mech's. First Lt , Jan. 1, 1864 Taken prisoner in action near Murfrecs- boro, Tenn., Dec. 15, 1864. Exchanged . Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. EAEL, LEWIS W., Ionia. Chap. 21st Inf'y, Mar. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. EAEL, JOHN, Harrisville. First Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Died of disease Oct. 13, 1862. EAELE, EDWAED S., Grand Eapids. First Lt. and Adjt. 3d Inf'y, May 13. 1861. Capt. and Com. Subs. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 9, 1861. Honorably discharged Ap'l 1, 1863. Ik MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 819 EARLE, FRANCIS S., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Adjt. 4th Inf'y, May IG, 1861. Wounded in action at Gaines' Mill, Vu., June 27, 1862. Resigned Sept. 26. 1HG2. Maj. and A. A. G. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 10, 1862. Resigned May 18, 18G3, and honorably discharged. EARLIE, JAMES, Maratlion. En tered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, Ist Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 25, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 7. 1865. Eobigued July 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. EASEM.^N, ANTHONY, Bay City. Entered sei-vice Feb. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 14th Int'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and lionorably discharged. EASTABEOOK, ASA, Allegan. Entered service Nov. 28, 1861. Serg't Batt. C, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Dec. 18, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. EASTLAND, EDWARD F., Kalamazoo. Entered service Feb. 1, 1862. Serg't Maj. 13th Inly, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Ap'125, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. EASTMAN, HENRY, Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 1st Cav., Dec. 4, 18G4. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. EASTMAN, ARTHLR W., Mount Clemens. First Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 18G2. Wounded in action Oct. 26, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Feb. 9, 1865. EASTON. DAVID J., Stuigis. First Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Capt., May 2, 1864. Wounded in action June 15, lbG4. Maj., June 15, 18G5. Mustered out as Cai)t., June 10, 18G5, and honorably discharged. EATON, JOB C, Monroe. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. EATON, WILLARD G., Otsego. First Lt. 13th Inf'v, Oct. 3, 1861. Capt., Oct. 20, 1862 Maj., May 26, 1863. Col., Feb. 23, 1865. Killed in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar 19, 18G3. EATON, OSMER, Otsego. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. EATON, ALONZO, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 186^, as Serg't Comp'y E, 24th Inf'y. First Lt., June 9. 1864. Taken prisoner near Petersburg, Va., Aug. 19, 1864. Paroled Mar. — ^ 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. EATON, CHARLES W., Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 2l8t Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 31, 1863. First Lt., to date from Jan. 13, 1863. Capt., Aug. 26, 18G4. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. EATON, FRANK N., Albion. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y M, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 7, 1864. Resigned Mar. 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. EBERHARD, JOHN P., Burr Oak. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 7th Inf'y, First Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. Killed in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. EDDIE, THOMAS A., Lowell. Enteied service July 8, 1862, ns Serg't Comp'y A, Gth Cav. Second Lt., June 10, 1863. Killed in action at Meadow Bridge, Va., May 12, 1864. EDDY, ERWIN, Cambria. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Resigned Nov. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. EDDY, CHARLES, Flint. Entered service July 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 8th Inl'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 15, 1863. Mustered out Sept. '-^y, 1864, and honorably discharged. EDDY, FRANK E., Flint. Second Lt. 16th Inf'y, Auk. 9. 1861. Wounded in a 1862. Eesigned Mar, 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 821 EGGLESTON, JAMES M., Grand Kapids. Entered service Sept. 26, 1861. Serg't Couip'y D, 1st Eug's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 18G4. Mustered out Sept. '22, 1865, and honorably discharged. EIDELBUSS, GEOEGE, Washtenaw. Entered service Aug. 5, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 16tli Inf y, . Fiist Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. EIS WORTH, ANTHONY, Stronach. Entered sen-ice Sept. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 6th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. i, 1865. Transferred to 1st Vet. Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. ELDER, MATHEW, Lansing! Capt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Appointed 1st Lt. 11th TJ. S. Inf'y, to nink from Aug. 5, 1861. Died July 25, 1863, of wounds received in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. ELDER, JOHN A., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 12. 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Inf'y, . S.'cond Lt., Mar. 27, 1863. First Lt., May 8, 18G4. Wounded in action at Spottsylvnnia, Va., May 12, 1861. Capt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELDRED, RICHARD H., Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., . Died of disease Mar. 14, 1862, at Union Hospital, Georgetown, D. C. ELDRED. ANDREW J., Niles. Chap. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 5, 1861. Resigned Sept. 10, 1863, and honorably discharged. ELDRIDGE, NATHANIEL B., Lapeer. Maj. 7th Infv, Aug. 7, 1861. Resigned D(^c. 18, 1801. Lt. Col. 11th Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 7, 1863, and honorably dis- chai-ged. ELDRIDGE, CORNELIUS S., Flint. Capt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned July 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELDRIDGE, L. BRIGGS. Lapeer. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Capt., Fob. 18, ia63. Maj., Nov. 24, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELKERTON, WM., Marshall. Entered service Aug, 17, 18C4. as Serg't Comp'y D, 28th Infv. Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Honorablv discharged June 5, 1866. ELLENWOOD, EBEN R., Greenville. Second Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Resigned as 2d Lt., Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. ELLIOTT, F. COYELL, Grand Rapids. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Mar. 17, 1864, and honoraljly discharged. Cause, disability. ELLIOTT, WILLIAM R., Detroit. Capt. 1st Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Died July 5, 1863, of wounds received at Fairfield Gap, Va., July 4. 1863. ELLIOTT, WILLIAM N., White Pigeon. Surg. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. ELLIOTT, ROBERT T., Detroit. Capt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9. 1861. Maj., Juno 20, 1863. Killed in action at Tolopotomy, Va., May 30, 1864. ELLIOTT, HENRY C, Monroe. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Nov. 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. ELLIOTT, MARCUS D., Rose. Entered service Oct. 22. 1861. Serg't Batt. H, Ist Liirht Art., . Second Lt.. Mar. lo. 1863. First Lt., Aug. 8, 1863. Capt., Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 27, 1864, and honorably disciiarged. ELLIS, ALBERT H., Hastings. First Lt., 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Honorably dls- ■ charged May 15, 1865. ELLIS, ALMON D., Saginaw. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 23, 1862. Resigned Mar. 2, 1863, and honorably discharged. ELLIS, ERWIN, Burlington. Second Lt., 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Capt. Ap'l 15. ia64. Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. 833 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. ELLIS, HIEAM R., Sagatuok. Entered service Au^. 19, 1862. Serj?'t Compv I, 5tb Cav., . First Lt. and Adjt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 18(34. Bvt. Capt. U S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the vrar." Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. ELLIS, JAMES A., Dowagiao. Second Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Dee. 1, 1862. Capt., Sept. 1, 1863. Resigned July 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. ELLIS, MYRON H., Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Conip'y B, 5th Cav. First Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Capt., June 6, 1863. Resigned June 30, 1863, and honorably discharged. ELLISON, OWEN, Jk., Jackson. Ass't Surg. 30th Inf'y,' Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELLSWORTH JOHN A., Saranac. Capt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. ELMER, JACKSON, Rome Center. Entered service Sept. 7, 1861. Sern't Comp'v M, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 1, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt. Oct. 24, 18G4. Hon- orably discharged June 6, 1865. ELMORE, ALBERT A., Richfield. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v C, 23d Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 3, 1864. Wounded in action at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Capt., Oct. 6, 1864. Mustered out June 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELMORE, MEREITT, W., Flint. Entered sei-vice July 25, 1862. Serg't Maj., 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELMS, BYRON C, MarshaU. Entered service Sept. 12, 1863, as Serg't 14th Batt. Light Art. Second Lt., Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. ELMS, GEORGE R.. Marshall. Entered service Aug. 14, 1861. Serg't Maj., 9th Inf'y. . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an oiiicer. Honorably discharged Sept. 15, 1865. ELTON, TRUMAN W., Ypsilanti. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service Sept. 17, 1861, a& Serg't Comp'y "D, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. First Lt., 0<;t. 17, imi. Capt. Oct. 20, 1S65. Mustered out as First Lt., Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. ELY, TOWNSEND A., Gratiot. Entered service Feb. 25, 1865. Serg't Comp'y C, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt. Ap'l 25, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 30, 1865. ELY, RALPH, Alma. Capt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Wounded in action at Secession - ville, S. C, June 16, 1862. Maj., Sept. 10, 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 1, 1863. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, July 6, 1864, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of the Wilderness, Va." Col., to rank' from May 7, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols, Af)'l 2, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry in the assault before Petersburg, Va. " Mustered out May 19, 1866, and honorably discharged. ELY, JOHN J., Grand Rapids. First Lt. Batt. E, 1st Lisrht Art., Nov. 1. 1861. Capt., June 9, 1862. Maj., Mar. 15, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Juno 20, 1865, " for meritorious service." Mu»Lorod out July 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. EMERSON, JOSIAH D., Hillsdale. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 3. 1862. First Ll., Doc. 13, 1862. Musteied out .Jun1. Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 10, 1664. First Lt., July 4, 1865. Capt., Nov. 8, 1665. Mustered out as First Lt. Feb. 12, 1666, and honorably discharged. 828 * MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. FLETCHER, NELSON, Flint. Entered service May 25, 18C1. Sera;'t Comp'y F, 2d Inf'v, . Second Lt., Dec. 7, 1862. Killed in action at Ox Ford, North Anna River, Va., Llay 24, 1864. FLETCHER, IRA W., Taylor. Entered service July 31, 1862. Serg't Maj. 24th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. FLETCHER, JOHN, Edwardsburg. Chap. 9th Cav., Aug. 23, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. FLINT, EDGAR W., Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned Jan. 9, 1863, and honorably discharged. FLINT, CHARLES C, Jb., Three Rivers. Entered service Dec. 1, 1861. Serar't Maj. 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 5, 1863. Firbt Lt., Mar, 19, 1864. Wounded in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar, 19, 1865. Capt., May 12, 1865. Honorably dis- charged as First Lt. May 15, 1865. FLU ALLEN, SIMON, Dowagiac. Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 13th Inf'y , , Second Lt,, July 5, 1865, Not mustered as an oflQcer. Honorably dis- charged July 25, 1865. FLYNN, THOMAS, Three Rivers. Entered service Ap'l 20, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt., Nov. 15, 1862, Killed in action at Stone River, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1863. FOLLETT, JAMES J., Kalamazoo. Entered service Dec. 4, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Capt., Jan. 7, 1865. Mustered out Feb, 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. FOLLETT, MARTIN P., Fair Plains. First Lt. and Q. M. 21st Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Dec. 14, 1863, and honorably discharged. FONDA, CHARLES W., Centerville. Second Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. First Lt., July 27, 1863. Wounded in action May 15, 1864. Adjt., Nov. 1, 1864. Honorably discharged Ap'l 13, 1865. FOOTE, OBED H., Grand Rapids. Maj. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned Feb. 26, 1862, and honorably discharged. FOOTE, HENRY K., Detroit. Supernumerary Second Lt. 5th Cav., Oct. 14, 1862. Died of disease at Poolesville, Md., Feb. 9, 1863, FOOTE, THADDEUS, Grand Rapids Maj. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Col. 10th Cav., Sept. 5, 1863. Resigned July 25, 1864, for disability, and lionorably discharged. FOOTE, ALLEN R., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 3d Inf'y. Wounded in action May 21, 1862. Discharged for disability Dec. 23, 1862. Pvt. Comp'y B, 21st Inf'y, Jan. 2, 1864. Second Lt., Jan. 26, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. FOOTE, CHARLES H., Jackson. First Lt. Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S„ Oct. 14, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 8, 1864, and honorably discharged, FOOTE, CHARLES E., Lyons. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y H, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mu.stered out Aug. 7, 1861. lluc'ntered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 22d Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 10, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and lionorably discharged. FOOTE, GliORGE F., Lansing. Entered service Jan. 2, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 14th Int'y. Second Lt., Feb. 4, 1863. Fin^t Lt. and Adjt., Aug. 2, 1864. Capt.,' Mar. 14, 1865, Bvt. Maj. and Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and moritoiious service during the war." Mustered out July 18, 18()5. First Lt. 8th U. S. Cav., Ap'l 21, 1868. Regimental Q. M., May 1, 1870. Now in service. FORBES, JOHN A., Hillsdale. Second Lt. 30Lh Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 17, 1865, and lionorably discharged. FORCE, GEORGE B., Plainw(>ll. Capt., 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1864. Resigned May 31, 1862, and honorably dischajgcd. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 829 FORD, CHARLES W., . Second Lt. Comp'y I, let U. S. S. S., Nov. 23, 18G3. No further record. FORD, CHARLES, Jackson. First Lt. and Q. M., 17th Infy, June 14, 1862. Resigned Dec. 18, 1862. Capt. and Com. of Sub. U. S. Vol's, Feb. 19, 18G3. Resigned Oct. 9, 1863, and honorably discharged. FORD, HENRY A., Niles. Second Lt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 24, 1862. Taken prisoner at Thompson's Station, Tenii., Mar. 5, 186:3. Paroled, . Capt., June 1, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. FORD, HARMON, Jackson. Entered service Sept. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 3d Cav. First Lt. 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1864. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. FORMAN, EDWIN A., De Witt. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 23d Iiif'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 16, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. FORSYTH. FRED J., Bay City. Entered service Mar. 1, 1862. Serg't Maj. 10th Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Oct. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. FORTIER, JOHNB., Dotroit. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg'f Comp'y H, 5th Infy, . Second Lt. June 10, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 8, 1864. Capt., Jan. 23, 1865. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. FOSTER, ANDREW J., Niles. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Aug. 31, 1862, and honorably discharged. FOSTER, JOHN P., Pontiac. First Lt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. FOSTER, NELSON S., Muskegon. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y 0, 2Gth Infy. Second Lt., ApM 6, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 17. 1864. Capt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. FOSTER WALTER H., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 5th Infy. Second Lt., May 20, 1862. Resigned Sept. 4, 1862, and honorably discharged. FOUNTAIN, CYRUS H., Manchester. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Dec. 24, 1862. First Lt., April 23, 1863. Resigned Jan. 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. FOWLER, THOMAS R., Jonesville. First Lt. 1st S. S., Mar. 31, 1863. Capt, Aug. 15, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Oct. 17, 1864. FOWLER GEORGE, Fowlerville. Entered service Aug. 16, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'v K, 9th Infy. First Lt. 1st S. S., Aucr. 22, 1863. Wounded in action May 12, 1864. Dis- charged" for disability, Dec. 27, 1864. First Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1H64. Capt., May 31, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., June 30, 1865, and honorably di>-c!i;irgo(l. FOWLER, CHAS., St. Johns. Entered service July 22, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 23d Infy. Second Lt., Deo. 17, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 25, 1863. Q. M., June 20, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. FOWLER, FREDERICK, Hillsdale. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Lt. Col., July 13, 1862. Resigned May 2, 1863, and honorably discharged. FOWLER, SMITH W., Jackson. Capt. 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. FOX. BENTON D., Lowell. First Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Wounded in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Capt., Mar. 26, 1863. Taken pri.-oner Ap'l 11. 1863. Paroled May — , 1863. Maj., Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1SG5. and honorably discharged. FOX, CHARLES J., Pontiac. First Lt. 4th Infy, July 26, 1864. Capt., Oct. 24, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. FOX, CHARLES D., Lyons. First Lt. and Adjt. 26th Infy, Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. S30 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. FOX, CHARLES T., Lyons. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 4, 1862 Killed in action at Tyree, Ky., Sept. 22, 1862. FOX, CHARLES D., Otsego. Entered service Oct. 16, 1861. Serj?'t Maj. 13th Inf'y . First Lt., Oct. 20, 1862. Capt., June 13, 1863. Killed in action at Cliickauiau^a Tenn., Sept. 19, 1863. FOX, DAVID F., Detroit. Entered service Sept. 10, 1861, as Cora. Serg't 9th Inf'y Second Lt., Jan. 7, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt. 27th lufy, Nov. 29, 1862. Houorabl] dischai-^ed for disability Nov. 24. 1863. FOX, DORUS M., Lyons. Maj. 9th Inf'y, Sept. 10, 1861. Col. 27th luf'y, Oct. 13, 1862. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 186i. Resigned Oct, 3, 1864, and honorably discharged. FOX, HENRY M., Coldwater. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862. Sf^-g't Corap'y M, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 19, 1865. FOX, LESTER, Schoolcraft. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 6th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 8, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Aug. 20, 1865. FOX, OSCAR F., Lyons. First Lt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Died of disease, June 17, 1863. FOX, PERRIN v., Grand Rapids. Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Maj., Dec. 15, 1863. Maj. U. S. Vet. Volunteer Eng's, July 2, 1864. Lt. Col., Ap'l 17, 1865. Bvt. Col., 3iar. 13, 1865, "for laiUilul and efficient service during the war." Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. FOX, ROBERT S. M., Howard. Entered service Oct. 2, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 19, 1864. Resigned Sept. 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. FOX, WELLS B., Hartland. Ass't Surg. 22d Inf'y, Aug. 21, 1862. Surg. 8th Inf'y, Mar. 6, 1863. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. FRARY, ED SON S., Petersburg. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12. 1861. Resigned Jan. 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. FRASER, WILLIAM E., Detroit. Ass't Surg. 15th Inf'y, Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out June 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. FRAWLEY, THOMAS, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Juiy 10, 1864. Capt., Jan. 17, 1865. Wounded In action Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discliarged. FREEMAN, GEORGE W., Battle Creek. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 4, 1861. Mustered out May 25, 1864, and honorably discharged. FREEMAN, JOHN S. Flint. Entered service June 19, 1861, as Sejg'l Conip'v A, 8th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862 First Lt., Jan. 1. 1863. Capt., May 3, 18(14. Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Musteied out Oct. 18, 1864. and honorably discharged. FREEMAN, ZADOCK P., Bath. Entered sci-Aice Aug. 12, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 26th Inf'y, . Ass't Surg., June 9, 1865. Not njustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 4, 1865. FREEMAN, WILLIAM, Ontonagon. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1864. Taken prisoner at Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 21, 1864. Paroled March —, 1865. Fir^t Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Capt., May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discliaiged. FREEMAN, WILLIAM H., Lapeer. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Honorably dis- charged for disability Sept. 11, 1862. FREEMAN, JOHN, Detroit. Entered service May 25. 18!;i. Seig't Comp'y A, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 28. 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE \VAn. S'di FKENCH, GEO. W., Lyons. Second Lt. lOlli Cav., July 25, 18C3. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1804. Mustered out Nov. 11, 18G5, and houorably discharged. FKENCH, EBENEZER, Sturgis. Se.-ond Lt. 4th Iiify, Mav 16, 18fil. First Lt., Sept 1. lsi;i. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded iu actit-u' at r"rodt'ricli>l-urg. Va., Dec. 13, 1802. Wounded at Gettysburg', Pa., July 2, 1803. Disoharffed for disability. May 9, 18G4. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Mai-. 1, 1865. ^lut.tered out Sept. -16, 1865, and iionoiablv discharged. FRENCH, LUTHER C, Hudson. Ass't Surg. 4(h Infv, Aug. 23, 1802. Surfe'., Mar. 13, 1863. Resigned May 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. FRENCH, SIMON S., Battle Creek. Ass't Surg. 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1801. Surg. 2nth Iiify, July 29, 1862, Resigned July 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. FRENCH. EPHRAIM L.. Adrian. Second Lt. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, IbGl. Fiiat Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Nov. 3, 1663, and houoiably discharged. FRET, WILLIAM H., Bun Oak. Entered bervice Sept. 9, 1861. Siig'tMaj., 1st Inf'y, . First Lt., May 8, 1804. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 6, 1804, " for gallant aud distinguished service during the oper.nions on th^' Wcklon railroad." Capt., Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865, aud honorably discharged. FRIEDLANDER, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service Mar. 11, 1862. Senr't Batt. H, 1st Lighl Art., . Second Lt., May 29,1665. Not mubtercd us an olhcer. Hou- orably discharged July 22, 1865. FRINK, LUTHER H., HowelL Second Lt. Comp'y I, Ist U. S. S. S., Dec. 14, 1864. Not mut.lered. FRINK, NORRIS J., Marshall. First Lt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Oct. 29, 1863. Capt. 26th Infy, Aug. 15, 1804. Maj., Dec. 10, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meiitorious service during the war." Mus- tered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. FRISBEE, GIDEON, Niles. First Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Sept 24. 1864. FRISBIE, JOHN L., Hillsdale. First Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 19, 1863. Capt., Jan. 15, 1864. Rebigucd for disability Ap'l 7, 16G5, and honorably discharged. FROST. EDWARD M., . Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 17, 1664. Not mustered as an officer. Houorably discharged Sept. 30, 1664. FROST, ROBERT, Albion. Entered service Ap'l 29, 1863. Serg't Comp'y G, 9th Cav., . fcjecoiid Lt., Nov. 21, 1664. First Lt., Oct. 26, 1864. Mustered out as Second Lt. July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. FRY, JACOB G., Ganges. Second Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. First Lt., May 31, 1802. Capt., Feb. 2, 1863. Resigned for disability Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. FULKERSON. WM., Florence. Capt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. FULLER, ANDREW F., Adrian. Entered service Dec. 20, 1862. S.rgt Conipy B, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 12, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 21. 1805. FULLER, ANDREW J.. Britton. Entered service Aug. 27. 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v I, 5th Infy. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Oct 27, 1803. First Lt., Jan. 27. 1804. Bvt. c apt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1^65, "for gallant an)ay 17, 18C2, and honorably discharged. GOODALE, HENRY A., Genesee. Ass't Surg. 21st Infy, Feb. 13, 1863. Surg. 11th Infy, Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. GOODALE, WILLIAM, Hougiiton. Entered service July 29, 1862. Com. Serg't 23d Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. Capt., July 11, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. ■GOODALL, ALEXANDER, Ionia. Entered service Aug. 16, 1861. Com. Serg't 9th Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discliarged. OOODALL, JACOB P., Ray. Entered service Nov. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 5, 1864. First Lt., June 21, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. •GOODRICH, JOHN V. B., Hudson. Second Lt. 4th Infy, Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. •GOODSELL, GEORGE, Adrian. Enterod service May 1, 1861. as Pvt. Comp'y K, Ist (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service Mav 29,' 1862, as Seri,-'t Comp'y A, 17th Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 14, 1863. First Lt., Dec. 25, 1863. Capt., July 19, 1864. Wounded in action before Petersburg, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Bvt. Maj., U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious conduct before I'tdersburg, Va." Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discliarged. GOODSELL, PERRIN C, ISIussey. Capt. 4th Infy, July 26, 18G4. Resigned Sept. 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. GOODWIN, FAIRFIELD, East Bloomfiold. Capt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 17, 1864, for disability, and honorably discharged. f. 11. 1861, and honorably discharged. HADLEY, SIMON B., Litchfield. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. as Serg't Coni|.'y C, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Dec. 21, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. HADWICK. RAINE A., Rockland. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A. 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mny 1. 1863. First Lt.. Ap'l 1, 1864. Capt. 2ii In(l.-|...n(leiit Comp'v S S.. Sept. 27. 1864. Bvt. Maj U. S. 'Vol's, Ap'l 2. 1K65. " forco<.lnf.-.H and i bravery in the assault before Petersburg, Va," Mustered out July '26, 1»65, and hon- orably discharged Kir, 842 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. HAIGH, GEOKGE W., Dearborn. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 24:th Infy. First Lt., July i, 1863. Capt, Nov. 22, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and iionorably discliarged. HAIGHT, CHRISTOPHER, Leonidas. First Lt. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Died of disease at Bardstown, Ky., Feb. 5, 1862. HAIGST, SAMUEL D., Jaclison. Entered service Jan. 10, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y A, 9tti Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 27, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 4, 1865. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAIGHT, NEWTON, Jackson. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt., 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1864. Mus- tered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. HAIRE, ROBERT A., Georgetown. Supernumerary Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Second Lt., Dec. 3, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 5, 1864. Wounded in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. Capt., Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out July 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAIRE, OSCAR, Otseeo. Ente;-ed service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 6th Infy. First Lt., Oct. 21, 1862. Resigned July 19, 1864, and -honorably discharged. HALE, JOHN H.. Waukon, la. Entered service Dec. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 13, 1863. First Lt., June 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Chickaniauga, Gn., Sept. 19, 1863. Capt., Mar. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. HALE, ALONZO, Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862. Corp'l Comp'y F, 19th Infy, . Second Lt., May 1, 1863. Resigned May 25, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. HALE, LUTHER F., Coldwater. First Lt. Batt. F, 1st Light Art., Oct 15, 1861. Capt., Dec. 5, 1862. Maj., Sept. 1, 1863. Lt. Col., Mar. 14, 1864. Resigned Nov. 17, 1864, and honoiably discharged. HALE, HIRAM F., Battle Creek. First Lt. and Adjt. 6th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Discharged Mar. 25, 1864. Additional Paymaster U. S. A., Mar. 18, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HALING, EUGENE, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Infy, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 28, 1865. HALL, ANDREW D., Qnincy. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned June 5, 1863, and honorably discharged. HALL, ANDREW J., Coldwater. Capt, 1st S. S., Oct. 7, 1863. Resigned Aug. 1, 1864,. and nonorably discharged. HALL, CALVIN M., Almont. Second Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned June 2,. 1SG2, and honorably discharged. HALL, CHARLES T., Battle Creek. Second Lt. 13th Infy, May 31, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Wounded and taken priboner in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. Exchanged, . Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865^. Mustered out as First Lt., May 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HALL. E. HASTINGS, Battle Creek. Entered service Mar. 22, 1864. Serg't Comp'y K, ILiLh Lit y, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Resigned June 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. HALL, EPHRAIM G., London. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 11th Infv. Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 18, 1862. Wounded in action near Muilreesboro, Tenn., Jan. 5, 1863. Capt., Feb. 19, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. HALL, HENRY C, Battle Creek. First Lt. 13th Infy, Oct. 3, 1861. Capt., Sept. 17,. 18(i'2. .Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. Lt. Col., Ap'ill, 1865.. Declined. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 843 HALL, JAIRUS, W., Ann Arbor. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 1, 186L First Lt., Sept. 1, 1«6L Capt., July 1, 1862. Maj., May 22, 16G3. Lt. Col., July 13, 1863. Col., July 26, 186-i. Bvt. Brig. G»mi. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, "for jjallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. HALL, JAMES H., Lawton. Entered service Nov. 6, 1861. Cora. Sertj't 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 15. 1865. First Lt., June 14, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. HALL, JOHN C, Pontiac. Capt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Maj., Jan. 1, 1865. Resigned June 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. HALL, JOHN W., Hudson. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 10, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 5, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1«65, and honorably discharged. HALL, JOHN B., Ho^Yell. Second Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned Jan. 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. HALL, NORMAN J., . Cadet M. A.. , 1854. Bvt. Second Lt. 4th U. S. Art., July 1, iS5y. Second Lt. 1st Art., Jan. 10, 1860. First Lt. 5lh Art., May 14, 18<;i. Col. 7th Mich. Iiil'y, July 7, 18o2. Bvt. Capt. U. S. army, Sept. 17. 18()2, "for gal- lant and meritorious service at the battle of Antietani, Md. " Bvt. Maj. U. S. army, kDec. 13, lfS62, " for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Fredericksbuiir, Va. " Bvt. Lt. Col. U. !S. army, July 3, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Gettysbiu-g, Pa." Discharged from Volunteer service for disability, June 4. 1864. Capt. 5th U. S. Art., to rank from Aug. 1, 1863. Retired Feb. 22, 1665. Died May 26, 1867. HALSEY. DAVID K., Richmond, Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 5th ]nr>-, . Second Lt., June 10, 1863. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 27. 1865. HAMILTON. CHARLES, Burr Oak. Entered service Ap'l 19, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y G, Isi (."5 niontlisj Int'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Re(.'ntored service as Pvt., Aug. 22, IbC.l. Serg't Com'y K, 7th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. Resigned July 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. HAMILTON, WILLIAM B., Berlin. Entered service Aug. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 22(1 Irif'v. Second Lt., June 5, 1863. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 2t), 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 17, 1863. Mustered out June 26, lh65, and honorably discharged. HAMILTON, JOHN, Watrousville. First Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Capt,, Dec. 25, lb6.J. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAMLIN, JOHN H., Eaton Rapids. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, N. Y. Liucoln Cav. First Lt. 7th Mich. Cav., July 8, 1863. Wounded in action July 10, 1863. Capt., May 19, 1864. Mustered out Deo. 15, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. Il HAMMOND, SAMUEL W., Mason. Ass't Surg. 22d Inf'y, Nov. 12, 1864. Mustered ;i out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAMMOND, JOSIAH T., Tekonsha. Second Lt. 20th Int'y, July 29,1862. First Lt., June 26, 1863. Honorably discharged Mar. 16, 1864. ! HAM.MOND, ELIJAH, Chelsea. Capt. 20th Int'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Jan. 26, Ib63, and honorably discharged. I IIA.MPTON, CARLOS D., Hudson. Ass't Surg. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Mustered out I May 26, 1866, and hcmorably discharged. ! HANCOCK, OSCAR, Hillsdale. First Lt. 27th Int'y, Dec. 15, 1863. Resigned Nov. 6, I 1864, and honorably discharged. , UANDRICKS, ALPHEUS, B., Clarkston. First Lt, 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt, Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. 844 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HANDY, WILLIAM J., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 2d Inf'y. Ap'l 25, 1861. Adjt.. Aug:. 2, 1861. Capt., Sept. 22, 1861. Resigned on account of disability, Dec. 7, 1862, and honorablv discharged. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallantry in action at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, l'862." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallantry in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862." HANDY, JOHN B., Lockport. First Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Capt., May 8, 1865, Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. HANEY, JEREMIAH B., Leighton. First Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned May 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. HANLIN, ANDREW, Sagmaw City. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. First Lt., June 26, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 8, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. HANNA, WILLIAM H., Jackson. Entered service Feb. 3, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd inth Ijify^ . First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. HANNINGS, GARRETT, Kalamazoo. Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Maj., Jan. 1, 1864. Lt. Col., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. HAKSCOM, IRVING D., Shelby. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 11, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARBACK, SAMUEL W., Fenton, Entered service Aug. 25, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y L, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 19, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARBAUGH, DAVID B., Detroit. First Lt. and Ad,it. 8th Inf'y, Sept. 11, 1861. Resigned Nov. 15, 1861. First Lt. and Adjt. 14th Inf'y, Feb. 28, 1862. Capt., July ^ 14, 1864. Wounded in action Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 28, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. HARDY, JOHN C, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Inf'y, . First Lt., Sept. 24, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 25, 1865, "for con- spicuous gallantry in the attack on Fort Steadman, Va." Capt., Ap 1 25, 1865. Mus- tered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARE, JOHN O., Fentonville. Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. HARKNESS, LINDSLEY R., Adrian. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 16, 1865. Honorably discharged Aug. 1, 1865. HARMON, ASA, Paw Paw. Chap. 3d Cav., Dec, 10, 1862. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. HARMON, GEORGE W., Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 17th Inf'y, . First Lt., Aug. 4, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARPER, JOSEPH, Cassopolis, Capt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned May 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. HARPER, JOHN C, Dexter. Entered service Oct. 20, 1863, as Serg't 13th Batt. Light Art. Second Lt, Sept. 29, 1864. First Lt., June 5, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt. July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARRINGTON, JOHN H., Detroit Entered service July 5, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Int'y, . First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Capt., May 30, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARRINGTON, WILLIAM E., Tecumseh. Second Lt, 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 845 HARRIS, CHARLES W., Flint. Second Lt. 7th Inf'v, June 24. 1861. First Lt. Jan. 1, ist;2. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Spottsylvanla, Va., May 11, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 4, 1864. HARRIS, CLARK M. Troy. Entered service Mav 28, 1861. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Sept. 21, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 5, 1864. Resigned May 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARRIS, EDGAR B., Shelby. Entered service Dec. 18. 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 8th Cav., . Second Lt, Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARRIS. HENRY A., Saline. First Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Resigned May 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. HARRIS, JOHN G., Battle Creek. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1. 1863. First Lt., Oct. 4, 1864. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. On detached ser- vice at muster out of regiment. HARRIS, SAMUEL, Rochester. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14.. 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded in action near Richmond, Va., Mar. 2, 1864. Taken prisoner at Old .Church, Va., Mar. 3, 1864. Exchanged Dec. 10, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 17, 1865. HARRISON, LISLE F., Detroit. Entered service Oct. 22, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 26, 1S65. HARRISON, WILLIAM H., Niles. Entered service Sept, 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Inf y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged . HART, JOHN E., Rasin. Entered service Dec. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 13, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 22, 1864. HART, BENJAMIN F., Bronson. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D. 11th Inf'y, . First Lt., Jan. 9, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. HART, NOAH H., Lapeer. First Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Capt., Mar. 31, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARTMEYER, LOUIS, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. Stanton Guard, May 1, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1862, and honorably discharged. HARTSUFF, WILLIAM, Port Huron. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Lt. Col. and Ass't Insp'r Gen. 23d Armv Corps, May 13, IBOS. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Jtin. 24, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at Franklin and Nashville." Mustered out as Capt. July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HARTY, JOHN D., Detroit. Capt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned May 5, 1862, and honorably discharged. HASCALL, HERMAN E., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Exchanged Dec. — , 1862. Capt., Sept. 2. 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Honorably discharged Doc. 22. 1863. HASS, CHRISTIAN. Hudson. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Serg't Batt. I, Ist Light Art., •. Second Lt., Feb. 3, 1864. First Lt., S.>pt. 20, 1864. Mustered out July 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. HASTINGS, SMITH H., Coldwater. Entered service May 1, 1861, ns Pvt. Comp'y C, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14. 1862. Capt., Jan. 10, 1863. Wounded In action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12. 1864. Maj., Aug. 9. 1864. Lt. Col., Nov. 10, 1864. Col., Dec. 17, 1864. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HASTINGS. WILLIAM, Adrian. Entered service Dec. 1, 1862. as Serg't Comp'y I. 7th Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 28, 1865. Not mustered asan officer. Honorably discharged Dec. 15, 1865. 84e MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HASTY, GILBERT M., Lansing. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Q. M. Serg't Ist Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and lionorably discharged. HATCH, JOHN S., Homer. Entered service July 18, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v K, Istlnfy. Second Lt., May 5, 1862. First Lt,, June 27, 1862. Wounded at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Capt.", Dec. 15, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 16, 1863. HATCH, HENRY H., Charlotte. Second Lt. 6th Infy, Sept. 10, 1862. Died at Char- lotte, Mich., July 2, 1864. HATHAWAY, JOHN C, Detroit, First Lt. 4th Cav., Jan. 23, 1863. Capt., Mar. 31, 1863. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. HATHAWAY, ALBERT L., Hartland. Entered service Feb. 12, 1863. Serg't Maj. 8th Cav., . First Lt., Jan. 18, 1864. Taken prisoner during Stoneraan's raid, Aug. 12, 1864. Exchanged, Sept. 27, 1864. Capt., Dec. 27, 1864.' Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HATHAWAY, ARTHUR B., Owosso. Entered service Aug. 14, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 9th Inl'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. • HATTEE, CHRISTIAN, Detroit. Entered service Oct. 25, 1862, as Serg't Batt. K, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., July 21, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 22. 1865, and honorably discharged. HATTEN, FRANCIS J., Adrian. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Ccmp'y E, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., June 13, l.s64. First Lt., Nov. 9, 1864. Capt., Mar. 7, 1865. Honorably discharged Mar. 22, 1866. HATTON, EZRA C, Farmington. Capt. 22d Infy, July 31, 1862. Mustered out May 29, 1865. Caju. aTid A. A. G. U. S. Vol's, June 8, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAUTSCH, FREDERICK, New York City. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd laf'y, Jan. 18, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAVENS, EDWIN R., Buchanan. Entered service Sept. 12. 1862, as Serg't Comp'v A, 7th Cuv. Second Lt., May 24, 1865. First Lt., to rank from Feb. 27, 1865. Mus- tered out as Second Lt. , Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAWES, RICHARD W., Buffalo, N. Y. First Lt. Batt. G, 1st Light Art., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. HAWKER, GEORGE W., Dundee. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 11th Infy, . Second Lt., Dec. 10, 1862. Resigned Jan. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. HAWKER, JOHN, Portsmouth. Chap. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Resigned May 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAWKS, CARLTON H., Monroe. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Serg't Maj. 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 13, 1865. First Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAWKS, JAMES W., Dexter. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Infy, . Second Lt., Sept 28, 1862. Died of disease near Bealton Station, Va., Ap'l 9, 1864. HAWLEY, JAMES, Hillsdale. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 8, 1862. Capt., Jan. 30, 1863. Killed in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. HAWLEY, TRUMAN W., East Saginaw. First Lt. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. HAWLEY, GEORGE, Coldwater. Entered service Dec. 30, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. F, Ist Light Art. Second Lt., Sept. 2, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 10, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 6, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAIL B47 HAWLEY, JOSEPH, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 20, 1864. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Iiify, . Second Lt., Nov. 28, 18G5. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- cliargod May 25, 18G6. HAYDON, CHARLES B., Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 2d Iiif y, S«M)t. 22, 18G1. First Lt., . Capt., Sept. 1, 18(12. Wounded in action at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Lt. Col., July 30, 1863. Died of disease at Cincinnati, Ohio, Mar. 14, 1864. HAYNES, NATHANIEL K.. Jackson. Entered service Sept. 19. 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 8tli Iiil'v, . Second Lt., May 6, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Date of discharge not known. HAZELTON. THOMAS H. B., Polkton. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serff't Comp'y H, 4th Cav. Second Lt.. June 12, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 11, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1»65, and honorably discharged. HEAGLE, DAVID A , Detroit. Chap. 1st S. S., July 7, 1863. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. HEATH, LEWIS W., Medina. Entered service Ap'l 19, 1861 as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) liify. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt. Ap'l 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 29, 1863, for disability, and honorably discharged. HEATH, DELOS L., Ridgeway. Ass't Surg. 17th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1862. Surg. 23d Infy, May 1, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Dec. 27, 1864. HEAZLITT, WILLIAM M., Dowugiac. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Capt., Nov. 12, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa.. July 3, 1863. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. HECOCK, AMOS T., Monroe. Second Lt., 7th Inf'y, Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 22, 1862. Honorably discharged June 22, 1863. HEDGES, MATHEW M., North Branch. Entered service Dec. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, lUth Int'y, . Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honor- ably discharged July 18, 1865. HEIDT, LEWIS, Detioit. Entered sei-vice Oct. 21, 1862, as Serg't Batt. K, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Sept. 21, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 8, 1864. Died of disease at St. Mary's hospital, Detroit, Mich., Aug 9, 1864. HEINE, CHARLES, Marshall. Second Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Oct 9, 1861. Resigned Sept. 25, 1862. Capt. 14th Batt. Light Art., Sept. 19, 1863. Mus- tered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. HEMPSTEAD, HENRY M., Marshall. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y M, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Capt., Dec. 22, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. HENDEE, OSCAR P., Corunna. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 6, 1864. Wounded ui action at Weldon R. R., Va., Aug. 19, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. HENDERSON, GEORGE H., Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G. 7th Inf'y. First Lt., Sept. 18, 1862. Capt., May 12, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 6, 1^64. Capt. 4th Inf y, July 26, 1864. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. HENDERSON, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B., 15lh Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, ls65, and lion- orably discharged. HENDERSON, CHARLES S., Grand Rapids. Surg. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Oct. 19, 1862, and honorably discharged. HENDRICKS, BENJAMIN W., Brownstown. Entered service Aug. 12. 1862. ts Serg't Comp'y G, 24th Infy. First Lt., Nov. 21, 1863. Wounded in action at Wildorneaa, Va., May 5, 1864. Capt., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out Juno 30, 1865. and honorably discharged. 848 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. HENIKA, CHARLES B., Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Euk's aiid Mech s, . Secoud Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HENION, TUNIS W., Adrian. First Lt. and Adjt. 4th Cav., Sept. 1, 1862. Capt., Dec. 18, 1862. designed Aug. 13, 1864, and honorably discharged. HENRY, ALEXANDER, Rockland. Entered service Oct. 31, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 27th Infy, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 26, 1865. HENRY, JAMES V., Chelsea. Entered service Aug. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 9th Infy, . First Lt., Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HENRY, MARCUS W., Webster. Entered service Sept. 28, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y H, 1st Infy. Discharged for disability Aug. 27, 1862. Reentered service Oct 13, 1862, as Pvt". Comp'y M, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. HENRY, MUNSON P., Tecumseh. Entered service Sept. 30, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 7th Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Honorably discharged Jan. 8, 1864. HENRY, STEPHEN, Lapeer. Second Lt. 4th Infy, July 26, 1864. Resigned Jan. 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. HENSHAW, ALBERT T., Bowue. Entered service Sept. 2, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 6th Cav. Second Lt., May 1, 1863. Capt., July 1, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, July 10, 1865. HERBERT, WILLIAM, Adrian. Entered service Dec. 2, 1862. Serg't Comp'y L, 1st Eug's and Mt^-ch's, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HERKNER, JOSEPH C, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HESS, BYRON E., Saranac. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded and taken pils- oner in action at Groveton, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. Exchanged, . Honorably dis- charged for disability, May 20, 1863. HESS, WILLIAM T., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned July 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. HETZ, THEODORE, Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y 0, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 2, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. iVlustered out June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. HEWES, FLETCHER W., Highland. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Infy. First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HEWITT, CHARLES T., Tecumseh. Entered service July 29, 18G2, as Serg't Comp'y E, ISth Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 27, 1862. Furst Lt., Feb. 21, 1864. Honorably dis- charged Ap'l 22, 1865. HEWS, NELSON, Tuscola. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 23d Inf y. Second Lt., Dec, 25, 1863. Not mustered as an officer. Died of disease Mar, 4, 1864. HEYALAUF, ANDREW, Ionia. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Maj. 21st Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 29, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 17, 1865. HEYWOOD, HARVEY S., Plymouth. Entered service July 28, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 4th Cav., . Second Lt., July 9, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 21, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. 5. Vol's, May 19. 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the recent campaigna in Alabama and Georgia." Mustered out Sept. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR, 849 HICKEY, ANDKEW, Davisburg. Entered Pervicc Sent. 3, 1861, as Sorg't Comp'v I, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 15, 1862. Died of disease Feb. 16, 1863. HICKEY, MYEON, Davisburg. Second Lt. 5lh Cav., Aua;. 14, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 3, 18(;2. Capt., June 6, 186-t. Ma.]., Ap'l 13, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., June 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 5, 1865, and tionorably discliarged. HICKOK, HARRIS A., Howell. Entered sei-vice Aug. 20, 1862. Corp'l Coinp'y E, 26th Inl y. . First Lt. and Adjt., July 29, 1864. Capt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as lirst Lt. and Adjt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. HICKS, BORDEN M., Tliree Riv.TS. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, lllh Inf y. First Lt., Nov. 15, 1862. Capt., Sept. 20, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorablj' discharged. HICKS. CYREL S., Richmond. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861. Serg't Corap'v A, 9th Infy, . Second Lt., Aug. 5, 1863. First Lt, Sept. 27, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and liouorably discharged. HICKS, GEO. B., Battle Creek. Entered service July 26, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Infy, . Second Lt., Jan. 29, 1863. First Lt, Nov. 29, 1863. Killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. HICKS, JOHN J , Charleston. Second Lt 7th Cav., Oct 15, 1862. Resigned Sept 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. HIGGINS, JAMES W., Niles. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Q. M. Serg t 9th Infy, . Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1864. First Lt, Nov. 23, 1864. Resigned July 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HIGGINS, THOMAS, Detroit. First Lt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. Capt, Jan 29, 1«63. Wounded in action at Averysborough, N. C, Mar. 16, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 186 >, and honorably discharged. HIGHWOOD, CONRAD, Detroit Capt 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned May 11, 1862, and honorably discharged. HILL, EDWARD, Detroit. First Lt Lancers, Oct 16, 1861. Mustered out Mar. 20, 1862. Second Lt. 16tli Infy, Mar. 19, 1862. First Lt., July 29, 1862. Wounded In action at Bull Run 2d., Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 17, i863. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864. Maj., Sept. 30, 1864. Lt. Col., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. HILL, GEORGE J., Richfield. First Lt 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. HILL, GEORGE D., Lansing. Entered service May 13, 1861. as Pvt Comp'y D, 3d Infy. Discharged Jan. 15, 1863. Serg't Comp'y I, 1st Cav., Oct 23, 1863. Second Lt., Oct 25, 1864. First Lt and Adjt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 28, 18C>5. First Lt. 42d U. S. Infy, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Capt, March 2, 1867, "for gaUant and nierit()riou.s service in the battle of Appomattox Court House, Va." Retired with rank ot Capt. Mounted, Dec. 31, 1870, for loss of left arm from wound received iu line of duty. HILL, GEORGE W., Detroit Second Lt 7th Cav., Dec. 3, 1862. Taken prisoner in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1>'>64. Exclianged Mar. 1, 1865. Fust Lt, ilay 24, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 7, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discliarged. HILL, GEORGE B. A., Lawton. Entered service Dec. 27, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 9th Cav. Second Lt, Jan. 4, 1865. First Lt, Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out as Second Ll. July 21, 1865, and honorably di-scharged. HILL, GOUNDRY, Flint Entered service May 25, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 2d Infy, . S<^cond Ll., Aug. 9, 1862. First Lt and Q. M., Dec. 3, 1862. Mustered out Sept 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. HILL, HENRY G., Ann Arbor. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Sorg't Comp'y D, 4th Infy. Second Lt, Nov. 26, 1862. Mustered out June 30, 1864, and houorably discharged. 107 850 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HILL, HENRY, Otlsco. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serar't Comp'y B, 25th Inf y. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1865. 1st Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. HILL, LORIN C, Alamo. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Maj. 25th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1865. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and lionorably discharged. HILL, ROBERT F., Kalamazoo. First Lt. Ist S. S., Aug. 13, 1863. Honorably dis- charged for disability Dec. 10, 1864. HILL, SHERIDAN F., Eagle. First Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Taken prisoner at Athens, Ala., Sept, 24, 1864. Paroled Nov. 14, 1864." Capt., Mar. 27, 1865. Mus- tered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. HILL, THEODORE J., Exeter. Capt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Jan. 21, 1863, and honorably discharged. HILLIER, EDWARD G,, Detroit, Capt. Batt. M, 1st Light Art., Feb. 27, 1863. Hon- orably discharged for disability Aug, 9, 1864. HINCHEY, JOHN J., Antwerp. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. HINCKLEY, JAMES D., Adrian. Capt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Maj., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honoraby discharged. HINCKLEY, HENRY V., Lansing. Second Lt. 1st S. S., May 8, 1863. Capt., Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. HINES, ALBERT, Plymouth. First Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt., June 10, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. HINMAN, LORD W., Lapeer, Second Lt, li:th Cav., July 25, 1863. First Lt, April I, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. HIPP, HIRAM B., Berrien. Entered service Oct. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 12th Inf y. Second Lt., Sept. 14, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Mar. 29, 1864. HITCHCOCK, HENRY, Lyons. Supernumerary Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863, Resigned May 28, 1863, and honorably discharged, HOAG, EDWARD H., Tecumseh. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Fu-st Lt., Dec. 27, 1862. Resigned Dec. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. HOAGLAND, CHARLES A., Niles. Entered service Dec. 31, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 12th Inf'y, , First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Resigned June 18, 1864, and honorably discharged. HOB ART, HENRY V., Ross. Entered service Sept. 9, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 6th Cav. First Lt. and Adjt., Mar. 25, 1864. Resigned Jan. 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOBERT, ANDREW J., Niles. Ass't Surg. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Surg. 1st Inf'y, Dec. 10, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. HODGE, NEWTON D., Flint. Entered service Nov. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., ]\l ay 20, 1865. First Lt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably dischai-ged, HODGMAN, SAMUEL C, Climax. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 7tli Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 2, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 25, 1862. Capt., June 22, 1863. Resigned Mar. 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. HODGES, GEORGE S., Galesburg. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt., May 17, 18G2 Capt., May 27, 1863. Mustered out Dec. 26, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. HODSKIN, CHARLES H., Battle Creek. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 2d Inl'y. Second Lt., Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 25, 1862. Capt., Feb. 24, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. M MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 851 HODSON, HENRY H.. Detroit. First Lt. 5th Inf'y, Sept, 4, rSGl. Resigned Ap'l 3, 1862, and lionorably discharired. HOFFMAN, ALLEN, Detroit. Eistered service Ap'l 16, 1864. Serg't Comp'y A, 27th Iiif y, . Second Lt., May 14, 1864. Wounded In action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 17, 1864. HOGAN, MICHAEL A., Detroit. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 27, 1863. Killed at Camp Nelson, Ky. . by assassination, Feb. 9, 1864. HOISINGTON, NORMAN H., Three Rivers. Entered service Nov. 15, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, loth Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 8, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 24. 1862. Capt., Feb. 13, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLBROOK, GEORCiE, Cokhvator. Entered service Nov. 19, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. F, 1st I>iiilit Art. Secdiifl Lt.. Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action Oct. 8, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLCOMB, ALBERT A., Gales^burg. Capt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned Sept- Pi, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLDEN, LEWIS S., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 2, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y. Second Lt., to rank from July 29. 1862. First Lt., Jan. 9, 1863. Capt., May 12, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Honorably dis- charged for disability Nov. 4, 1864. HOLDEN, SYLVESTER R., Jackson. Second Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Resigned Jan. 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLDEN, CH.ARLES H., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Q. M., Mar. 13, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 4, 1864, and honorably discharged. HOLLIDA Y, CHARLES B., Alma. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Died on steanaer Van.lerbilt, off Port Royal. S. C, Nov. 4, 1861. HOLMES. EDWIN F., Fentonville. Entered service Feb. 10, 1862. Serg't Maj. 10th Inf y, . First Lt. and Adjt., May 8, 1865. Capt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out as Adjt. July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLMES, GEORGE L., Plymouth. Entered service Ausr. 16, 1861. Serg't Maj. let Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 24, 1865. Honorably discharged Mar. 22, 1866. HOLMES, GILMAN T., Gaines. First Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y. Nov. 7, 1863. Q. M., May 6, 1865. Resigned June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLMES, MATHEW, Baltimore. Second Lt. 28lh Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Killed in action at Wise Forks, N. C, Mar. 8, 1865. HOLMES, ROSWELL H., Detroit. Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Taken prisoner at Buekland's Mills, Va., Oct. 19, 1863. Eesea] ed two days afterward by runuing rebel gu.ird. Resigned Mar. 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. HOLSHAUER, FREDERICK. Detroit. Entered service Nov. 12, 1862. Sertr't Batt. K, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt.. Aug. 9, 1864. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLSTON, WILLIAM F. H., Niles. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2(1 Inf'y, . First Lt.. Nov. 24, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOLTON. CHARLES M., Battle Creek. Entered service Sept. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Cav. Second Lt.. Mar. 22, 1864. First Lt., May 24, 1865. Resigned June 23, 1865, and lionorably discharged. HOLTON, SAMUEL M., Battle Creek. Entered sei vice Mav 25, 1861. as Corp'l Comi)'y C, 2d Inf'y. Ass't Surg. Ap'l 20, 1864. Surg., Mar. 11, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and lioiioiably discharged. flOLWAY, DANIEL. Coldwater. Entered service July 23, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 17th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 18(13. First Lt., Sept. 19, 1863. Capt., Jan. 6, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ad'I 2, 1865, " for gallant and trn'ritorious service in the actions of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania. Peterslmrg, and Wddon Ruiliond." Mus- tered out Juno 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. 852 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HOOD, CALVIN, Sturgis. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Au^. 24, 1861. Maj., Jan. 7, 1863. Eesigned as Capt., Mar. 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. HOOVER, ALBERT, Hoyghton. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Maj. 27th Inf'y,. . Second Lt., June 4, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOPKINS, MORTIMER L., Grand Rapids. BattaUon Q. M. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. HOPKINS, ASAHEL G., Comstock. First Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned on account of disability, May 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. HOPKINS, ENOS. Jackson. Maj. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned May 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. HOPPER, GEORGE C, Detroit. First Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Capt., Ap'l 28, 1862. "Wounded in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Wounded and taken piisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Paroled and exchanged, . iMaj., Mar. 18, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. HORN, MILES, Otsego. Entered service Jan. 1, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Dec. 27, 1864. Died of disease at Kalamazoo, Mich., Sept. 8, 1865. 'HORNER, JOHN W., Detroit. First Lt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7. 1861. Cai)t. 18Lh Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Maj., Aug. 13. 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 21, 1864. Col., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. HORTON, WILLIAM, Jr., Dowagiac. Entered service Dec. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 31, 1864. Resigned June 12, 1865, and honorably discnarged. HORTON, ABRAHAM, Summit. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Resigned Dec. 4, 1862, and honorably discharged. HORTON, HENRY S., Jackson. Entered service . Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 4, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOSMER, DANIEL B., Castleton. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Capt., June 19, 1863. Killed in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. HOUGH, JAMES, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'3'. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered sei'vice Aug. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, iGth Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Wounded in action at Bull Run (2d) Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Honorably discharged for disabiUty, June 27, 1863. HOUGHTALIN, HENRY H., New Baltimore. Entered service . Pvt. Comp'y L, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., June 17, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOUGHTALIN, JAMES, Hastings. Entered service July 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C,^ 21st Inf y. Second Lt., Jan. 17, 1863. Resigned June 11, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. HOUGHTON, MOSES B., Saranac. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Maj., Sept. 1, 1862. Lt. Col., Jan. 20, 1864. Col., July 29, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. HOUGHTON, CHESTER W., Houghton. First Lt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 20, 1864. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Discharged for disabiUty, Oct. 3, 1864. Capt. and Com. of Subs. U. S. Vol's, Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOUSE, C.\LVIN C, Albion. Entered service Sept. 7, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 9th Inf'y. Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 13, 1864. Resigned Oct. 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOUSE, WILLIAM, Adrian. Second Lt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 853 HOUSTON, JOSEPH W., Paw Paw. First Lt. 3d Cav , Sept. 7, 18G1. Resigned Jan. 12, 1862. Maj. 4th Cav.. Sept. 1, 1862. Resif,'ii«Hl .\ug. 23, 1863, and honorably dia- chaiged. HOVEY, JOHN S., Commerce. Entered service Dec. 1, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 9th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 18, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 15, 1864. Muster.-d out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOVEY, EDWIN M., Fenttmville. Second Lt. 8th Inf'v, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 186.3. Wound.'d in action at Wildeni.-ss, Va., May 6, 1864. Capt., June 3, 1864. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWARD, GEORGE W., Coldwaler. Entered service Mar. 25, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y K, 9th Cav. Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 21, 1865. HOWARD, LOREN H., LaGrange, Ind. Second Lt. 11th Iiify, Aug. 24, 1^61. First Lt., Jan. 7, 1863. Capt., Oct. 2, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. HOWARD, JACOB M. Jk., Detroit. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned Aug. 15, 1863. Capt. and Aid-de-camp U. S. Vol'tj to rank lioni Mav 4, 1S63. Capt. and Ass't Ad.it. Gen. U. S. Vols, Mar. IS, 1864. Maj., Mar. 29, 18G5.' Bvt. Lt. Col., Aug. 11, 1865, "lor faithful and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Sept 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWARD LABAN A., . Entered service Aug. 3, 1864, as Hosp'l Stew'd 4th Inf'y. Ass't Surg., May 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 12, 1866. HOWARD, SHEPARD L., Dearborn. Entered service Auar. 3 2. 1862. Serij't Comp'y D, 241 li Inf'y, . Wounded in action .\p'l 29, 1863, and again May 12, 1864. Fii'st Lt., Oct. 4, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWE, CHARLES E., Berrien. Second Lt., 12th Inf'y, Oct 10, 1861. Wounded in aciion at Shiloli, Tenn., Ap'l 6, 1862. Capt., Sept. 14, 1862. Wounded in actiun at Hatcliie river, Tenn., Oct. 5, 1862. Oapt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 28, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "lor gallant and meritorious service dur- ing the war." .-lustered out Sept. 13, 1866, and honorably discharged. HOWE, CLARENCE M., Berrien Springs. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Coinp y C, 25th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 13, 1863. Finst Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Capt. Nov. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWE, WILLIAM F., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 15. 1864. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWELL, CHAUNCEY, Hillsdale. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Cav , . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1&6.J. HOWEIiL. CHARLES. Dexter. A.ss't Surg. 13th Inf'y, Sept. 16, 1864. Resigned June 5, 18 .5, and honorably discharged. HOWELL, SEYMOUR, SaUne. Second Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19. 1861. First Lt., Mar. 1. 1862. Wounded in action at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862. Capt, July 13. 1863. Maj., Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOWGATE, HENRY W., Armada. Second Lt. 22d Lif'y, July 31, 1862. First Lt., Drr. 31, 1862. ("apt., June 7, 1864. Not musteretl. Fir.st Lt., U. S. Signal Corps to rank from Mar. 3, 1863. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and mer- it' irious service in the battle of Chickatnauga, Ga." Bvt. Maj. Vol's. Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and njcritorious service in tin- .Vtlanlu cainpaiicn." MustiMvd out June 20, 186:). Second Lt., 20th U. S. Inf y, Oct. 22, 1867. Bvt. Ist Lt., U. S. A., Oct 22, 1807, "for gallant and im-ritorious service in the liattle of Chlckaniauira, Oa." Bvt. Capt., U. S. A., Oct. 22, 1867. "for gallant and meritorious service m the Atlanta campaign." First Lt., Aug. 4, 1875. Rc.',igned Dec. 18, 1880, and honorably dia- charged. 854 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HOWEIGAN, THOMAS W., Detroit. Capt. 1st Cav,, Aug. 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Exchanged, . Maj., Mar. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. HOYT, EDWIN, Jr., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861, as Serg't Maj., 2d Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 20, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1863. Adjt., Mar. 1, 186i. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. HOYT, BIRNEY, Paris. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, as Serg't Corap'y A, 6th Cav. First Lt., July 5, 1864. Capt., May 15, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. HOYT, CHARLES, Adrian. Surg. 15th Inf'y, Oct. 28, 1862. Died at Memphis, Tenn., July 24, 1S63. HOYT, CHARLES A., Plymouth. First Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Capt., Dec. 13, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 21, 1863. HUBBARD, DEVILLE, Marshall. Capt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, and honorably discharged. HUBBARD, PERRY L., Pontiac. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Sept. 15, 1861. Taken prisoner at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Paroled and exchanged . Fii'st Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Nov. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. HUBBARD, GEORGE, Georgetown. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Corap'y I, 3d luf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 20, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1863. Capt., April 10, 1864. Mustered out as First Lt. June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. HUBBARD, SAMUEL M., Otsego. Second Lt. I9th Infy, July 28, 1862. First Lt., Mav 1, 1863. Capt., June 24, 1863. Wounded in action May 28, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 30, 1864. HUBBARD, THERON T., Saginaw. Ass't Surg. 30th Infy, Dec. 30, 1864. Surg. 23d' Infy, May 2, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865,- and honorably discharged. HUBBELL, WILLARD W., Pontiac. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 15th Inf'v. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. Capt., Mar. 4, 1863. Honorably discharged Aug. 14, 1865. HUBER, WALTER F., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUCKINS, ISRAEL, Lexington. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned Sept. 25, 1864, and honorably distharged. HUDSON, CHARLES T., Detroit. Entered service July 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 23, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Wounded m action at Shelbyville, Teini., June 27, 1863. Caf)t., Nov. 24, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, May 10, 18ti5, "for meritorious service in the capture of J<'iT. Davis." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, June 2, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUDSON, EDWIN, Lansing. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., Oct. 20. 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUDSON, SAMUEL E., Ypsilanti. First Lt. 1st S. S., May 31, 1863. Capt., Aug. 1, 18()4. Honorably discharged for disability as First Lt., Dec. 31, 1864. HUDSON, JONATHAN, Trenton. Chap. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. HUDSON, GILBERT J., Paw Paw. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Maj., Nov. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged June 6, 1865. HUFF, WILLIAM, Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 19th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 8, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. H(morably dis- charged June 10, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 855 HUGCiINS, Allen P., Niles. Entered service Dec. 4, 1802, as Cora. Serg't 8th Cav. Fir^^t Lt., :\Iay 15, 186i. Com., May 16, 1864. Slustered out Sept. 22, 18G5, and honorably discharged. HUGHES, THOMAS F., Detroit. First Lt. 16th Infv, Aug. 9. 1861. Capt., Dec. 11, 1H62. Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Resigned Oct. 27, 186}, and honorably discharged. HUGHES, JOHN, Coldwater. Entered service Dec. 9, 1861. Serg't Bait. F, 1st Light An., . Second Lt., Ap'l 6, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- cliaiged July 1, I860. HULBURD, EDWIN M., Hudson. Capt. 18th Inl'y, July 27, 1862. Maj., Feb. 21, 1864. Lt. Col., -Mar. 21, 18C5. Mustered oul June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. HULETT, ALLEN M., Bowne. Entered service Sept. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y M, 6th Cav. First. Lt., July 1, 1864. Not mustered. Died at Amiapolis, Md., Nov' 4, 1864. HULEN, HENRY H., Jackson. Entered service Dec. 27. 1862. Serg't Maj. 1st S. S., . First Lt., Mar. 7. 1865. Mustered out July 28, 18(55. and honorably discharged. HULIN. SAMUEL, Niles. Enteied service May 25, 1861, Serg't Maj. 2d Inf'y, . First. Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 28, 1865. HULL. WILLIAJI A., Coldwater. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y. Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., Feb. 8, 1862. Capt., Apr. 9, 1863. Resigned August 22, 1864, and honorably discharged, to enter Gun -Boat service. HULL, WILLIAM, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mu.^tered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Get. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Resigned Mar. 16, 1865, and honorably dischaiged. HULL, SAAIUEL M,, Benton. Entered service Sept. 3, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 12th Inf'y. Second Lt,, Oct. 19, 1864. First Lt., Apl 15, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 186 ■>, and honorably discharged. HULSART, WILLIAM, Bruce. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Resigned June 11, 18G4, and honorably discharged. HU^L\STON. WILLIAM W., St. Johns. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Com|)'y G, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Hon- orably discharged June 22, 1865. HUMPHREY, WILLIAM, Adrian. Capt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Col.. Feb. 16, 1863. Wounded iir action at Sjioltsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 1. 1HIJ4, "for coiispicuous and gallant service both as regimcMital and britrado commander throughout the campaign." Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. HUMPIIUEY, THOMAS B., Wheatland. Entered service Aug. 29, 1862. Serg't Comp'v K, ist U S. S. S., . Second Lt., May 25, 1864. Fii-st Lt., Nov. 15, 1864. No further record. HUMPHREY. WILLIS C, York. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Maj. 6th Infv, . SecoiKi Lt., 3(itli Int'y, Nov. 28, 1864. 1st Lt., Juno 5, 1865. Mustered out Juno 30, 1665, and honorably discharged. HU.MPIIREYVILLE, REUBEN H., Livonln, Entered sei-vice Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Compy K, 24lh Inl y. Second Lt., Dec. 14, lb62. Killed in action at Gettysbmg, Pa., J lily 1, 1B63. HUNT, ALONZO 0., St. Johns. Second Lt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 29. 1562, and honorably di.scharged. HUNT, CHARLES J., Port Hnron. First Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Capt., July 30, 1«62. Wounded in a(-tion at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Transferred to Vot. Reserve Corps, Sei t. 21, 1863. No further record. HUNT, GEORGE W.. Deiroit. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned Mar. 23, 1863, and honoraoly discharged. 856 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. HUNT, HEEMAN, Hastings. First Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Died of disease Dec. 16, 1862. HUNT, LEONARD H., Lowell Second Lt. 26th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 23, 1863. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Capt., Sept. 26, 1864. Honorably discliarged for disability, Mar. 16, 1865. HUNT, OMAR W., Sherman. Second Lt. lltli Infy, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUNT, THOMAS H., Port Huron. First Lt. Comp'y 0, 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican War, Deo. 1, 1847. Mustered out Julv 23, 1848 Capt. 7th luf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Maj., July 30, 1862. Honorably discharged Ap'l 20, 1863. HUNT WILLIAM H., Coldwater Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y M, 5th Oav Second Lt., July 3, 1865. Not mustered as an officer Honorably dis- charged June 19, 1865. HUNTER, ARVINE P., Lowell. Entered service Aug 9, 1862. Commissary Serg't 26th Inl' y, Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 4, 1865. HUNTING, ISAAC, Grand Haven. Maj. 21st Infy, Aug 21, 1862. Resigned Jan. 23, 1863, and honorably discliarged. HUNTING, SYLVAN S., Detroit. Chap 27th Infy, Mar. 26, 1863. Mustered out July 26, 186-), and honorably discliarged. HUNTINGTON, ROBERT M., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 23, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 6th Infy, Ass't Surg , July 21, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Date of discharge not liuown. HUNTLEY, JAMES G., Niles. Entered service Aug 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 9th Infy Second Lt., Dec 19, 1862. First Lt., Aug 5, 1863. Capt., Nov. 23, 1864. Mu.stered out Sept 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUNTON KINSMAN A., Marshall. Lt Col. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861, Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. HUPERT, wHRISrOPHER, Detroit, Second Lt Batt. K, 1st Light Art., Feb. 20, 1863. Resigned Sept. 21, 1863, and honorably discharged. HURD, WILLIAM B., Jack.son. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st (3 niontus; Infy .Mastered out Aug. 7, 18G1. ReLuLcied service June 4, 1S62, as Serg't Comp'y K, 17th Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 25, 1863. Taken prisoner at Spottsylvunia, Va. May 12, 1864. Released Mar. 1, 1865 Capt , Iilay 17, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. HURD, GEORGE W., London. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 18th Infy. Second Lt., Ap'l 5, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. HURL HUT, WILBERFORCE, Alton, 111. First Lt. 6th Inf'y, Mar. 10, 1862. Capt., May 5, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va. May 5, 1864. HUSSEY, AUGUSTUS, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 24th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorablj^ discharged HUSTON, BENJAMIN W., Vassar Capt 23d Infy, Aug, 1, 1863. Maj., Ap'l 16, 1864. Resigned Dec. 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. HUSTON, WM. H H. Van Buren. Entered service Jan. 19, 1864. Serg't Maj. 3d Cav., . Second Lt.. Oct. 3, 1864. First Lt., Dftc. 7, 1864. Capt., July 4, 1865. Mus- tered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. HUSTON, JOHN S., Lyons. Maj. 7th Cav., Oct. 14, 1862. Honorably discharged Feb. 13, 1864. MICHIGAN IX THE \VAll. ^'^"^ HUSTON, JOSEPH, W., Paw Paw. First Lt. 3d Cuv., Sept. 7, 1861. Eesi^'ncc 12, 1S()2. ]Maj. 4th Cav., Sept. 1, 18G2. llesiKned Au«. 23, 18G3, and homuabl I'd Jan. I'&hly dis- charged. HUTCHINS, CHAS. H., Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Iiif'y, June 19,1861. First Lt., Jan. 29, 1862. Killed in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. HUTCHINSON, BICKFORD P., Utica. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Kt-signed Feb. 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. HUTCHINSON, FREDERICK S., Lyons. Entered service Nov 12, 1861, as Serg't Conip'y F, 15th Inly ^\oun(led in action Ap'i 6, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt., May 1, 1862. Taken prisoner in action July — , 1862, near Bolivar, Tenn. Escaped .-^anie day by runiiini; the guard. Taken prisoner in action at Holly Springs, Miss., Dec. — , 1862. Exchanged April -, 1863. Maj., May 31, 1863. Lt. Col., June 7, 1864. Woiinded in action Aug. 31, 18iJ4 Col., Jan. 14, 1865. Bvt. Brig. Gen Vol's, .May 24, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war. " Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUTCHINSON, JOHN H., Jackson. Ass't Surg. 15th Inf'y, June 9, 1862. Surg., Jan. 13, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUTCHINSON, ROBERT G., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Coinp'y C, 8th Inf'y. First Lt., May 14, 1862. Wounded in action at James Island, S. C, June 16, i862. Capt.. Jiar. 13, 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner May 6, 1864. Released, . Died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Jan. 2, 1865. HUTCHINSON, WILLIAM B., Detroit. Entered service July 24, 1862, as Serg't Conip'y F, 24tli Int'y. First Lt., Ap'l 15, 1864. Killed in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 18(;4. HUTCHINSON, WILLIAM, Detroit. First Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Capt., Mar. 10, 1863. Wounded in a( tion at Gettysburg, Pa., Julv 1. 1863. Maj , June 19. 1K64. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., June 19, 1864. " Bvt. Lt. Col., U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious services during the war." Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUTSON, HENRY A., . Second Lt., Batt. F, Ist Light Art., Oct. 15, 1861. Resigned July 0, 1862, and honorably discharged. BUTTON, GEORGE, Detroit. Entered service July 24, 1862, as Serg't Conip'y G, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. Capt., July 4, 1863. Killed in action at Wilder- ness, Va., May 5, 1864. BUTTON, JOHN H., Niies. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 9, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. HYDE, JAMES D., Marshall. Entered service Oct. 10, 1862. Hosp'l Stewd. 9th Inf'y. . Second Lt., Sept. 27, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Oct. 14. 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. HYSER, WILLIAM, Plainfield. Capt. 6Lh Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Discharged for disability Oct. 22, 1863. Re-commisfeioned Capt. 6th Cav., Mar. 16, 1864. Honorably dis- charged Mar. 21, 1865. HYZER, WILLIAM W., Yp.jilantl. Entered service Oct. 14. 1861. Corp'i Batt. C, let Light Art., Second Lt., June 30, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 20, 1864. Capt., Deo. 18, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. INGALLS. CHARLES W., . Second Lt. 1st Comp'y S. S. 27ih Inf'y, Feb 27, 1864. <-apt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'i 1, 1864. Resigned July 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. INGEKSOLL, CARLOS, Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Conip'y G, 7th Inf'y. Second Lt , Mar. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 10, 1862. INGERSOUj, RICHARD P., Dundee. Capt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Mustered out June 2G, 1865, and lionoraljly discliarged. INGI.RSOLL, ISAAC W., Detroit. Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. 108 858 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. INGERSOLL, WILLIAM H., Detroit. First Lt. 1st Cav., Oct. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., May 30, 1864. Capt., Dec. 4, 1864. Resigned Jan. 20, 1865, and iionorably disciiarged. INGERSOLL, HIRAM J., Scipio, Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Fiist Lt.. Feb. 28, 1863. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and iionorably disciiarged. INGERSOLL, WILLIAM D , Owosso. Entered service Mar. 25, 1864. Pvt. Comp'y F, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 28, 1864. Wounded in action at Five Forlis, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865. Resigned , 1865, and honorably discharged. INGRAHAM, DAVID P., Brooklyn. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1863. Capt., Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. INNES. WILLIAM P., Grand Rapids. Col. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Mus- tered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and efficient service during the war. " INNES, ROBERT S., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Q. M. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned Dec. 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. INSLEY, ADAM R., . First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Jan. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. lOTT, JOSEPH H., Jackson. Entered service May 1st, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v B, 1st (3 moiitihs) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. yth Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Died at Elizabethtown, Ky., Feb. 15, 1862. IRONS, OLIVER H., Vassar. Entered service July 28, 1862. Q. M. Ser^'t 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. IRWIN, PATRICK, Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, 14Lh Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 10, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 10, 1865. Capt., July 5, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. IRWIN, JOHN E., Freedom. Entered service July 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 20th Inf'y. Second Lt.. May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 30, 18..5. IRWIN, CHARLES H.. Detroit. First Lt. and Q. M. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Cnpt. and Ass t Q. M. U. S. Vol's, July 31, 1863. Mustered out Mar. 6, 1867, and honorably discharged. ISHAM, ASA B.. Detroit. Entered service, . Serg't Comp'y I, 7th Cav., . Firh^tLt., Mar. 22, 1864. Taken prisoner in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1864. Exciianged Dec. — , 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Ap'l 11, 1865. ISMON, AARON F., Lalavette. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v C, 4th Cav. Seeoiid Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. 'Resigned Dec. 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. ITSELL, ANDREW J , Marion. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Oct. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. IVES, STEWART, Big Rapids. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861 Capt., July 12, 1862. Resigned Nov. 10, 1864. and honorably discharged. Bvt.'Maj. and Lt. Col. "U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service." IVES, LUCIUS H., Unadilla. Second Lt. 20th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 7, 1^63 Ca[)t., Ap'l 26, 1864. Maj., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. JACKLIN, RUFUS W., Detroit. Entered service Feb. 1, 1862, as Seig't 1st Comp'y S. S. KJtli Inf'y. Second Lt., May 18. 1862. First Lt. and Adjt. lOih Inf'y, Nov. 1. 1862. Tak<'n prihiner al Spottsylvaiiia, Va., May 8, 1864. Recaptured at Ream's Station, Va., May 9, 1«64. ( ai.t., June 22, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service." Maj., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably diseharged. JACKS, JOHN, Edwanlsburg. Second Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1662. Honorably discharged Oct. 27, 1863. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 86» JACKSON, CYRUS F., Owosso. Second Lt. Hth Infy. Nov. 18. ISfil. First Lt. July 4. 1862. Rfslgued Aha,'. 2, 18G4, and honorably discharged, to accept promotion aa Maj. 15th U. S. Col'd Troops. JACKSON, THOMAS C, Ira. Second Lt. 2-2d Infy. July 31, 1862. ReslRned Nov. 17 1862. and honorably discharged. ' JACKSON, ALBERT T., Marquette. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861. as Corp'j Conip'v B 1st Cav. First Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. Cupt., Oft. 25, 1864. Not niu»t.'r.-d a» Cnpt! Died Nov. 12, 1864, of wounds received in action at Wlnciu'Hter, Va.. Si-pt. 1'.', Ihi^l JACKSON, WILLIAM, East Saij:inaw. Entered service Ap'l 18, 1863. Sonr't MnJ 7ll» Cav., . Second Lt., June 26, 1865. Muster.-d out as Scr^'"l .Maj. Dec. 15, lhi,5, and honorably discharged. JACOKES, DANIEL C, Pontiac. Chap. 5th Infy, Sept. 10, 1861. Resigned July 6, 1862, and honorably nip'y A. 2d Cav. Second Lt., D.'c. 26, 1864. First Lt., July ;tl, lht;5. Not muoU-iod as lUi officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. JENNEY, WILLIAM, Jr., Mt. Clemens. Capt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Maj.. F.b. 6. 1863. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. JENNY, CHARLES L., Utica. Entered service Sept. 17, 18f4. as Sorg't Comp'y 11. 4th Infy. Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dlscliurg«Kl May 26, 1866. JENNIE, LANSING K., Grand Rapids. Battalion Adjt. 3d Cftv., Sept 7, 1801. Roalgii.-*! F<'b. 26, 1862, and honoiably discharged. JENNINGS, EDWARD P., . Ass't Surg. Ist Mich., or 102d U. 8. Col'd Trw.pft, Oct. 16, 1863. Resigned Oct. 27, 1864. and honorably discharged. JENNINGS CHARLES C, Washington. Entered bervico Aug. 11. 1862. Borg't CompV B, 22d Inf y, . Second Lt., Feb. 21. 1863. First Lt., Juno 11. 1864. Mu»l«n»d out June 26,' 1865, and honorably discharged. 860 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. JENNINGS, THOMAS H., Battle Creek. First Lt. 11th Cav., Au^. 1, 1863. Capt., Oct, i. 1864. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. JERSEY, NATHAN R., Romeo. Entered service Aug. 19, 1861, as Serg't Corap'y A, 9th Infv. Second Lt., Mar. 25, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner in action at Mur- Ireesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Exchanged Dec. 3, 1S62. First Lt., Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned Aug. 5, 1864, and honorably discharged. JEWELL, ALBERT G., Sunficld. Entered service Ap'l 20, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 15th Ohio (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 28, 1861. Rei^ntered service Sept. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Eng's andMech's. Second Lt., May 28,1863. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. JEWELL, CHARLES A., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 18th Infy. Second Lt.. Dec. 31, 1863. First Lt„ Mar. 27, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. JEWELL, DAVID A., Ionia. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, Ist Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt. Mar. 11, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. '' JEWELL, J. DELOS, Vernon. Entered service Nov. 4, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 10th Infy, . First Lt. and Adjt., July 9, 1864. Capt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. JEWELL, WILLIAM H., Assyria. Entered service Sept. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 6tli Cav. First Lt. and Q. M., Dec. 11, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. JEWETT, EDWARD S., Niles. First Lt. 1st Mich or 102d U. S. Col'd Infy, Nov. 9, 1863. Capt., Aug, 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged, JEWETT, GEORGE D., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 13th Batt. Light Art., Mar. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged, JEWETT, HENRY, Grand Rapi.ls. Batt. Q. M. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned Mar. 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. JEWETT, WALLACE, East Saginaw. Entered Mar. 1, 1862, as S-n-g't Comp'y K, 16th Iiifv. Second Lt., July 29, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Get- tysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. JILLSON, LEONARD K, Benton, Entered service Sept. 3, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v B, 12ai Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, CHARLES H., Monroe. Entered service Dec. 8, 1862, Com. Serg't 15th Infy, , Second Lt., Aug. 6, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out Aug, 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, COLONEL D., Grand Rapids, Ass't Surg. 3d Cav,, Ap'l 4, 1865, Resigned Jan. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged, JOHNSON, FRANKLIN, Jackson. Capt, 26th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862, Wounded in action at SpoUsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Lt. Col., 1st S. S., Nov. 10, 1864. Not mus- tered as Lt. Col. on account of disability. HoncM-ablv discharged as Capt. 26th Infv, Nov 30, 1864, Bvt. Lt. Col, U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service at the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, Va," JOHNSON, GEORGE K., Grand Rapids. Surg. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861, Resigned Fob. 25, 1863. Lt. Col. and Med. Insp'r U, S. A., Fob. 9, 1863. Byt. Col., Sept. 3(1, l«(i5, " for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Resigned Oct. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged, JOHNSON, GILBERT D., Lawton. Capt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned Oct. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged on account of wounds received at Pittsburg Laiiduig, Ap'l 6, 1862. JOHNSON, HENRY, Jackson. Ass't Surg. 6th Cav,, Mar. 10, 1864, Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 861 JOHNSON, HENET L., Portland. Entered service July 28, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 23d Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 4, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, JAMES B., Eoyal Oak. Entered service Aug. 23, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 3d Cav., . First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1862. Com., Sept. 15, 1862. Resigned Dec. 29, 1862, and honorably discharged, Cap't 8th Cav., to rank from Nov. 18, 1862. Not mustered. JOHNSON, JAMES E., Alpine. Entered service Sept. 6, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discliarged. JOHNSON, JOHN H., Adrian. Entered service Aug. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Dec. 4, 1863, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, LAFAYETTE L., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt., Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered oui July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, MINER A., Utica. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861, as Serg't Comp' H, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. Resigned Nov. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. JOHNSON, WILLIAM T., Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 3, 1862. Killed in action June 30, 1862. JOHNSTON, ROBERT D., Detroit. Entered sei-vice May 25, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 7, lb62. First Lt. and Adjt., Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., Nov. 25, 1862. Wounded in action July 10, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1864, and honorably discharged. JOHNSTON, THOMAS W., Marshall. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., Aug. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1863. Maj., Dec. 22, 1864. Col., Dec. 31, 1864. Not mustered. Lt. Col., Mar. 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. JONES, ABRAHAM, Byron. Entered service Sept. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Cav., . Second Lt, July 3, 18C5. First Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. JONES, DANIEL, Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 13th Inf'y. Oct. 3, 1861. Capt., June 16, 1862. Mustered out Jan 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. JONES, FRANCIS M„ Hillsdale. Entered service Mar. 8, 1863. Serg't Comp'y F, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an ofQcer. Date of dis- charge unknown. JONES, JOSEPH. Charlotte. Chap. 20th Inf'y, Aug, 30, 1862. Resigned May 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. JONES, JOSEPH M., St. Charles. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 2d Cav., . First Lt., Sept. 23, 1864. Wounded in ciction at Tuscaloosa, Ala., Ap'l 4, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. JONES, SATMUEL L., Deerfield. Entered service Dec. 3U. 1864, as Hosp'l Stew'd 30th Inf'y. Ass't Surg. 11th Inf y. Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. JONES, SAMUEL B., Adrian. Entered service Feb. 3, 1865, as Serg't Comp'y G, 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. JONES, THOMAS D., Wilkesbarre, Pa. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 13, 1862. Killed in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. JONES, VIRGIL M., Niles. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Maj. 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Aug. 27, 1864. JONES, WILLIAM A, Ionia. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 7, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. €63 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. JORDAN, LEWIS H., Irving. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Honorably dis- charirod Mar. 6, 1863. JORDAN, WILLIAM H., Kalamazoo. Capt. 11th Cav., Au^. 1, 1863. Transferred to 8th Chv., upon consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably di,schai-a:ed. JORDAN, JESSE, Woodland. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Ser^'t Comp'y I, 26th Iiify. Second Lt., Dec. 23, 1863. Wounded in action at Deep Bottom, Va., July 27, 1864;. Honorably discharged for disability, Dec. 5, 1864. JOSLYN, JOHN H., Holly. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned Feb. 10, 1863, and honorably discharged. JOSS, JOHN C, Constantine. Entered service May 25, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 2d Inf'y. . Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 27, 1864. Wounded in action, losing a les, at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 23, 1864. JUDD, EDWARD D., Saline. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. First Lt., May 26, 1862. Adjt., July 1, 1862. Capt., Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. JUDD, SAMUEL A., Grand Rapids. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Killed hi action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. JUDD, GEORGE E., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. First Lt., Oct. 28, 1861. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31. 1862 losing an arm. Capt., June 23, 1862. Transferred to Vet. Reserve Corps, Jan. 24, 1864. Second Lt. 45th U. S. Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1868. Mustered out as Capt. Vet. Reserve Corps, Aug. 27, 1868. Transferred to 14th Inf'y, Aug. 14, 1869. Unassigned, Sept. 27, 1869. Retired with rank of Capt., May 28, 1870, "for loss of left arm from wound received in line of duty." JUDD, ETHEL, North Adams. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned July 5, 1862, and honorabh' discharged. JUDSON, ROBERT F., Kalamazoo. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Oct. 7, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gal- lant and meritorious seivice during the war." JUST, WILLIAM J., Ionia. Entered service Sept. 21, 1864. Serg't Maj. 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt. Jan. 1, 1865. Resigned July 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. JUSTIN, WILLIAM, St. Clair. Entered service Nov. 21, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. H, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Aug. 8, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. KANE. H. M., . Second Lt. Comp'y I, Merrill Horse, Sept. 6, 1861. Resigned Nov. 5, 1-61 and honorably diiicharf,^ed. KANE, ANSEL J., Richland. First Lt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. K.ANOUSE, LUTHER C, Cohoctah. Entered service Sept. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 6lh Cav. First Lt., July 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honoiably dis- chaiged. KARP, PETER, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861. Serg't Maj. 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged Ap'l 26, 1864. KAPdiER, BENJAMIN, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st Cav. First Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Jan. 17, 1864, for disability, and honorably discharged. KAST, GUSTAV, Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Infv, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resiffuod Sept. 22, 1861. Capt. 16th Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1862. Resigned July 29, 1862, and honorably discharged. KATH, THEODORE, Ray. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comi)'y G, 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dis- chaiged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 863 KAUFFMAN, PETEE, Charlotte. Second Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Mar. 5, 1863, and honorably discharged. KEASY, SAMUEL H., Constantine. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, lOth Inf'y, • First Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mubtered as an officer. Honorably discliarged June 10, 1865. KEATING, BENJAMIN F., Saginaw. Entered service July 15. 1861. Serg't Corap'v F, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1864. First Lt., Nov, 1, 1864. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Feb. 23, 1865. KEDZIE, ROBERT C, Lansing. Ass't Surg. 12th Inf'y, Jan. 15, 1862. Surg,, Ap'l 25, 1862. Resigned Oct, 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. KEEGAN, PATRICK H., Deerfipld. First Lt. 11th Inf'v, Aug. 24, 1861, Capt, Jan. 1, 1863. Maj., Nov. 25, 1863. Musten-d out as Capt., Sept. 30, 1864. Lt. Col., Mar. 1, 18G5. Col., Mar. 16, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably dis- charged, KEEGAN, GEORGE, Adrian. First Lt, 11th Inf'y, Mar, 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. KEELER, DEXTER D., East Saginaw. Entered service Aug, 6, 1862, Serff't Maj. 23d Ini'y, . Second Lt., June 25, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 6., 1864. Capt., Dec. 29, 1864, Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged, KEELER, JOHN R., Burr Oak, First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned Dec. 13, 1862, and honorably discliarged. KEELER, FRANK D., East Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 16th lot'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 26, 1863. Mustered out Sept, 10, 1865, and hon- orably discharged, KEELER, ALONZO M,, Shelby, Capt, 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chiclmniauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. Maj., Oct. 14, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged, KEENE, WILLIAM, Lapeer. Entered service Nov, 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865, First Lt,, May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 18G5, and honorably discharged. KEENEY, WILLIAM H. H., Alton. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861. Serg't Comp'v I, 1st Inf'y, . First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864 Capt., July 15, 1865. Mustered outas First Lt., July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged, KEITH, WILLIAM, Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged foi disability, Mar. 4, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U, S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." KELLOGG, JAMES C, Jonesville. Entered service . Serg't, . First Lt. 15th Inf'y, June 6, 1865, Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. KELLOGG, DANIEL, Ypsilanti, Capt. 3d Cav„ Sept. 7, 1861. Honorably discharged June 21, 1862. KELLOGG, JAMES W., Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav,, Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. First Lt., May 1, 1863. Capt., May 23, 1865. Mustered out May 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. KELLY, CHARLES A., Brighton. Entered service Aug, 15, 1661. Serg't Maj. 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KELLY, HARRISON, Sturgis. Entered service Mar. 2, 1865. Serg't Maj. 11th Inf'y. , Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KELLY, JAMES H., Exeter. Entered seivice Aug. 8, 1862, as Sere't Comp'y K, 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 24, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 6, 1863. Taken prisoner in action at Athens, Ala., Sept. 24, 1864. Exchanged Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. 864 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR KELLY, JAMES S., Disco. Entered service Aug. 7, 1SR2, as Serfj't Comp'y B, 22d Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 31, 1862. Kesigned Feb. 21, 1863, and honorably discharged. KELLY, JOHN, St. Johns. Capt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned June 4, 1863, and honorably discharged. KELLY, PATRICK, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 23, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 14th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 25, 1863. First Lt., Aug. 8, 1863. Capt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., Ap'l 11, 18C5, and honorably discharged. KELSEY, NEWELL J,, West Leroy. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, Merrill Horse, . First Lt. Comp'y I, Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. KELTNER, DION B., Niles. Entered service Oct. 7, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 12th Infy. Second Lt., June 12, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably dis- discharged. KEMP, JOSEPH B., Sault Ste. Marie. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 5th Infy, . First Lt., June 10, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 9, 1865, "for irallant and meritorious service during the recent compaigns terminatini,' with the surrender of the insurgent army under Gen. R. E. Lee." Mus- tered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. KEMPSTER, CHARLES, Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 16, 1864. Serg't Maj. 3d Infy, . Second Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. KENDALL, OSCAR, Port Huron. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 22d Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 19, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 18(35, and honorably discharged KENDALL, DAVID G., Kalamazoo. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned Mar. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. KENDALL, CHARLES F., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Com. Serg't Comp'y H, 4th Cav. Discharged Dec. 10, 1863. First Lt. and Com. 11th Cav., to rank from Sept. 28, 1863. Ti-ansferred to 8th Cav. upon consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. KENNEDY, J. BENTON, Jackson. Entered service Mav 1, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Infy. T.Iustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 1st Infy, Aug. 17, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 16, IHC,.). Capt., July 14, 1862. Died of wounds received in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. KENNEDY, RICHARD D., Niles. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 6th Inl'y. . Wounded in action at Port Hudson, La., May 27, 1863. First Lt., July 19, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 23, 1864. KENNEDY, JAMES, St. Clair. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. as Serg't Compy E, 22d Infy. Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KENNEDY, FRED. A., Hanover. First Lt. 1st S. S., Jan. 12, 1863. Not mustered. KENNEDY, JOEL, Allegan. Chap. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned May 28, 1862, and honorably discharged. KENNICUTT, DANIEL, Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Infy, . Second Lt., June 10, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 19, 1864. Capt., Dec. 21, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 9, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service, terminating with the surrender of the insurgent army under Gen. R. E. Lee." Mus- tered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. KENT, ALFRED, Lenawee. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861. Serg't Comp'y M, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. First Lt., July 4, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. KENT, STEPHEN M., Saginaw. Entered service Mar. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out && Second Lt. July 8, lo65, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 865 KENYON, THOMAS C, Lansing. Entered service Nov. 12, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y M, Kttli Cav. Second Lt. Dec. 21, 1864. Killed in action at Martinsville, Va., Ap'l 8, 1865, before nauster as Lt. KENYON, JOHN E., Bridgewater. Entered service Sept. 5, 1864. Com. Serg't 28th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. First Lt., Jiuie 14, 1865. Died Feb. 2, 1866, of wounds received Jan. 27, 1866, wliile engaged in arresting murderers in Pitt County, N. C. KENYON, DEWITT C, Ganges. Entered service Oct. 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 13th Infy. First Lt., Jan. 31, 1863. Capt., .viar. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and lionorably discharged. KERRY, THOMAS, Manistee. Second Lt. 3d Infy, July 29, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1865. Capt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. KESLER, THEODORE P., Bronson. Second Lt. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned Feb. 12, 1862, and honorably discharged. KEYES, ORLANDO, Climax. Entered service as Pvt., . Chap. 12th Infy, Aug. 16, 1864. Resigned Sept. 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. KEYES, HORACE H., Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y P, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. KEYSER, SYLVESTER, Niles. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Infy, . First Lt., July 7, 1864. Capt., Sept. 30, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service before Petersburg, Va." Honorably discharged July 29, 1865. KIBBEE, RUFUS, Coldwater. Surg. 15th Infy, Ap'l 9, 1862. Wounded in action at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, 1862. Resigned Oct. 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. KIBBE, WILLIS H., Burr Oak. Entered service Mar. 22, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Infy, . First Lt., May 30, 1865. Mustej-ed out July 9, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KIDD, JAMES H., Ionia. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Maj., May 9, 1863. Wounded in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. Col., May 19, 1864. Wounded m action at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, June 15, 1865, •'for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. KIDDER, GEORGE F., Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Q. M. 13th Infy, Oct. 21, 1861. Re- signed Aug. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. KIDDER, ADDISON N., Hudson. First Lt. Bait. I, 1st Light Art., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt. Batt. L, Jan. 21, 1864. Resigned for disabiuty. Mar. 4, 1864, and honorably discharged. KILBORN, CURTIS W., Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Adjt. 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Re- signed July 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. KILBURN. GEORGE H., Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Snrg't Comp'y P. 1st Cav. Second Lt. Nov. 12, 1S62. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1864. Capt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. KILETZ, GEORGE F., Lexington. Entered service Nov. 15, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y E, i6th Infy. First Lt., Jan. 2U, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, July 6, 1864, "for gal- lant and distinguished service at the battle of the Wilderness, Va., and duiing the present campaign against Richmond, Va." Capt., July 16, 1864. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Mar. 14, 1865. KILMER, PETER B., Napoleon. First Lt. 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. KIMBALL, ERASTUS S., Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 26, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officei-. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. 1U9 866 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. KIMBALL, ALVIN P., Rome. Entered service Aus?. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 10, 1864. Honorably discharged June 6, 18G5. KIMBALL, ALLYN W., Ionia. First Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Dec. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. KISJBALL, ALBERT H., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 21, 1861. Resigned Aug. 18, 1 862, and honorably discharged. KIMBERK, FRED W., Brighton. Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned May 27, 1862. Capt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Resigned Dec. 8, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. KIMMEL, EDWARD F., Berrien Springs. Second Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 13, 1862. Resigned Sept. 23, 1864, and honorably discliarged. KIMMEL, GEORGE, Niles. Maj. 12th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 22, 1862, and honorably discharged. KIMMEL, HENRY T,, Niles. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Pvt. Corap'v F. 2oth Infv. Second Lt. 12th Inf'y, Feb. 18, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 15, 1864. Resigned July 3, 1864. Capt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 23, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. KIMMEL, EDGAR A., Niles. First Lt. 24th Inf'y, Sept. 27, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. KING, CARLOS B., Otisco. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861, as Corpl. Comp'y B. 16th Inf'y. Capt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned July 20, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KING, CHARLES A., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. KING, CHARLES 0., Arlington. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Cav, . Second Lt., Nov. 8, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Feb. 12, 1866. KING, HAWKINS A., Reading. Entered service Mar. 21, 1865, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 9th Inf'y. Ass't Surg. Mar. 28, 1865. Resigned Aug. 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. KING, ROBERT B., St. Joseph. Second Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. KING, ROBERT H., Albion. Ass't Surg. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Dec. 26, 1864. Mus- tered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. KING, WILLIAM, Holly. Entered service Mar. 1, 1862. Serg't Batt. H, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., June 10, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 22, 1865. KINGSCOTT, JOHN W., Warren. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, 2d Cav. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. Capt., June 7, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. KINGSCOTT, WM. G., Warren. Entered service Sept. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 2d Cav , . First Lt., Sept. 20, 1864. Transferred to 136th U. S. Col'd Troops, June 22, 1865. No further record. KINNEY, BENJAMIN, . Entered service June 18, 1862. Serg't Batt. H, 1st Light Art., . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1864. Capt., Dec. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. KIPP, JAMES RILEY, Kipp's Corners. Entered service Oct. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Inf'y, . Wounded in action Aug. 7, 1864, and again Sept. 1, 1864. Second Lt., May 20. 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. KIRBY, RESTCOME R., Monroe. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Resigned Jan. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 867 KIEBY, JOHN, Allegan. Entered service Dec. 10, 1861. Com. Serg't. 13th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 18G5. First Lt., July 5, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. KIRK, JOSEPH, Ann Arbor. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 1st (3 months) Inf'v. Mu.'-tered out Aug. 7, 1861. Eet^ntered service Sept. 30, 1861, as Seig't Comp'y H, 14th Infy. First Lt , Nov. 21, 1862. Died Aug. 8, 1864, of wounds received at Athens, Ga,, Aug. 7, Ib&i. KIRKLAND, ABEAM S., Coldwatcr. Entered service July 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Inl'y, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. First Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an oificer. Mustered out to date July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. KIRKWOOD, ALEXANDER, Dowagiac. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 19th Infy, . First Lt., xNfov. 11, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. KNAGGS, ROBERT C, Monroe. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Maj., 7th Inf'v, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Talcen prisoner at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Released Mar. 7, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant service during the war." Mustered out July 5, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. KNEELAND, SAMUEL M., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I. 18th Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. KNICKERBOCKER, GEO. A., Hillsdale. Capt. 4th Infy, July 26, 1864. Resigned Jan. 31, 1865, and hunorably discharged. KNIGHT, CYRENUS B., Newton. Second Lt. 1st S. S., Mar. 31, 1863. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., June 8, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1864. Honorably dis- cliarged for disability, Oct. 3, 1864. KNIGHT, EDWIN, Eaton Rapids. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Bugler N. Y. Lin- coin Cav. Second Lfc. 7th Cav., June 6, 1863. Honorably discharged Oct. 23, 1864. KNIGHT, GEO. C, Battle Creek. First Lt. 1st S. S., Mar. 20, 1863. Capt., June 12, 1864. Killed in action at Petersburg, Va,, June 17, 1864. KNIGHT, HORACE V., Battle Creek. Entered service July 23, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Taken prisoner at Horse Shoe Bend, Ky., May 9, 1863. Paroled, Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., Feb. 14. 1865, Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. KNIGHT, JAMES A., Greenville. Second Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. KNIGHT, JACOB M., XJrbana. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 17th Infy. Second Lt., Sept, 14, 1863, Honorably discharged Jan, 3, 1865. KNOBLOCK, JOHN, Detroit. Entered service July 15, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y P, Ist Infy. First Lt. , Nov, 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. KNOWLES, WESTON O., Ingham. Entered service Dec. 29, 1862, Serg't Comp'y D. 27th Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged, KNOX, WALTER, Clarkston, Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 5th Infy. Second Lt., Sept, 17, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 27, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. KNOX, JOHN J., Clarkston. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Infy. Second Lt., June 19, 1861. First Lt., Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Adjt., Sept. 17, 1862. Capt., Jan. 25, 1863. Re- signed June 23, 1863. Capt. Vet. Reserve Corps, . Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1^65, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Jan, 1, 1868, and honorably discharged. 868 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. KNOX, JOHN, Marathon. Entered service Nov. 23, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 10th Inf y. Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Fiist Lt., Jan. 12, 1864. Killed in action at Jones- boro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. KOON, CHAUNCY E., Allen. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Corap'v B, 11th Infy. Second Lt., Nov. 26, 1862. Firbt Lt., Jan. 7, 1863. Capt., June 17, 1864. Mustered out Sept 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. KRAMER, JOHN, Holland. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 25th luf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 17, 1863. First Lt., June 17, 1863. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. KTDD, WILLIAM, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A. 1st (3 months) Infy, Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Re-entered service Auu". 12, 1861. Serg't Maj. 16th Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 3, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. KYTE, MARSHALL, Owosso. Entered service Dec. 26, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 14th Infy, . Fu:st Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. LABADIE, LEWIS A., Sturgis. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 19th Infy, . First Lt., Nov. 11, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. LACEY, JOHN M., Charlotte. Second Lt. 6th Infy, Sept. 10, 1862. Resigned July 8, 1864, for disability, and honorably discharged. LACEY, MARTIN L., Lacevville, Penn. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861. Serg't Maj. 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. Capt., Nov. 10, 1864. Resigned as First Lt., Jan. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. LACKEY, CHARLES R., Trave'rse City. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Maj. 26th Infy, . First Lt., Dec. 19, 1864. Capt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. LACKEY, THOMAS, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 29, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 8, 1865. LADD, FREDERICK S., Adrian. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 6th U. S. Cav. Second Lt. 9th Mich, Cav., Ap'l 8, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 5, 1863. Capt., Feb. 5, 1864. Killed in action at Sister's Ferry, or Cypress Swamp, Ga., Deo. 7, 1864. LADD, AMOS M., Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 3, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y K, 1st Infy. Second Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 28, 1863. Killed in action" at Get- tysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. LADUE, WILLIAM N., Detroit. First Lt. and Adjt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Resigned Sept. 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. LAFFIN, MICHAEL, St. Johns. Entered service July 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 23d Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1864. Wounded in action at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. LA FORGE, ANDREW, Grosse Point. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861. Serg't Maj. 15th Infy, . First Lt. and Adjt., Sept. 18, 1864. Capt,, June 6, 1865, Mustered out Aug, 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAINBERG, CARL A., Detroit. First Lt. Batt. C, 1st Light Art., Dec. 6, 1861. Re- signed Mar. 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. LAING, CUTHBERT W., Detroit. Second Lt. Batt. B, 1st Light Art., Oct. 1, 1861. First Lt., May 1, 1862. Mustered out Ap'l 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. LAIRD, GEORGE H., Colon. Second Lt. 7th Infy, Jan. 19, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 8, 1862. First Lt. 17th Infy, June 7, 1862. Capt., Fob. 1, 1863. Discharged July 19, 1864, to accept promotion in U. S. Col'd Troops. No further record. LAIRD, JAMES S., Hudson. Entered servic6 Aug. 24, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., Sept. 14, 1864. First Lt., to rank from Dec. 16, 1863. Capt., May 7, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 869 liAKE, HENRY F., Marion. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 9, 1865. LALONDE, FRANCIS, Detroit. Entered service Nov. 26, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an oilicer. Honorably dis- charged July 12, 1865. LAMB, REUBEN P., Prairieville. Entered service Jan. 7, 1863, as Serg't Batt. L, 1st Light Art. Capt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned May 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMB, JOHN, Monroe. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMB, CHARLES C, Mt. Clemens. Capt. 8th Cav., Nov, 1, 1862. Discharged for dis- abihty June 3, 1864. First Lt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Capt., Mar. 16, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMB, JOHN M , Dryden. Entered service Dec. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 8th Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LAMBERT, HARVEY C, Lockport. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 25th Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb..23, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMOREAUX, ISAAC, Manlius. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Mar. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. LAMPMAN, DARRELL, Petersburg. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMPMiN, SEWARD, S., Carmel. Entered service Oct. 24, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y G, 11th Cav. Second Lt. 8th Cav., July 20, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mus- tered out Nov. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAMSON, ALVIN C, Detroit. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 11, 1861. Capt., July 18, 1862. Resigned for disability Ap'l 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. LANDON, JOHN, Dayton. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 26th Inf'y, Second Lt., Jan. 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 3, 1865. LANDON, HENRY B., Monroe. First Lt. and Adjt. 7th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Resigned Oct. 23, 1862. Ass't Surg., Oct. 2, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 26, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. LANDON, GEORGE M., Monroe. Second Lt. 4th Cav,, Dec. 20, 1862, First Lt., Feb. 18, 1863. Capt., Dec. 11, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LANE, GEORGE M., Detroit, Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Ap'l 10, 1862. Resigned May 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Maj, U, S. Vol's, Nov. 7, 1865, "for faithful and efficient service. " LANPHERE, CHARLES H,, Coldwater, Capt. Batt. G, 1st Light Art., Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned Sept. 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. LANPHERE, EDWIN 0., Coldwater. First Lt. Batt. G, 1st Light Art., Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned Oct. 22, 1862, and honorably discharged. LANPHERE, ALVIN T., Coldwater. First Lt. Batt. G, 1st Light Art., Oct, 3, 1861. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. LANSING, SPENCER L., Niles. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Honorably discharged for disabiUty, Oct. 28, 1864. LAPHAM, HARVEY, Galesburg, Entered service Oct. 29, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- 3harged Feb. 15, 1866. 870 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. LA POINTE, GEOEGE W., Monroe. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D^ 7th Infy, , Second Lt., Sept. 18, 1862. First Lt., May 20, 1863. Capt., Sept. 21, 1863, Wounded in action May 13, 1864. Lt. Col., Oct. 12, 1864. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg, Va. " Col., Nov. 18, 1864. Mustered out as Lt. Col., July 5, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LA POINTE, MOSES A.. Monroe. First Lt., 15th Infy, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt., Oct. 1, 1862. Lt. Col., Jan. 21, 1865. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, May 24, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war. " Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably dis- chai-ged. LAKNED, SYLVESTER, Detroit. Lt. Col. 2d Inf'y, July 16, 1861. Resigned Mar. 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. LAERABEE, CYRUS P., Hope. First Lt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned Mar. 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. LARZALERE, REUBEN B., Dowaeiac. Second Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Resigned Aug. 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. LATHROP, CARNETT C, Trenton. Entered service Jan. 5, 1863. Hosp'l Stew'd 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 18, 1864. Ass't Surg., July 15, 1864. Taken prisoner near FayeLleville, N. C, Mar. 10, 1865. Paroled Mar. 26, 1865. Honorably dis- charged May 15, 1865. LATIMER, MULFORD M., Jackson. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Wounded in action at luka, Miss., Sept. 19, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. LAUDERDALE, EDWARD, Detroit. Ass't Surg. 24th Inf'y, Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and h onorably discharged. LAUNIER, LOUIS L., Giand Rapids. Entered service July 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. LAWLER, PATRICK H., St. Joseph. Second Lt. 6th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Wounded twice in action at Port Hudson, La., May 27, 1863. Capt., Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1S65, and honorably discharged. LAWTON, GEOEGE W., Antwerp. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 25, 1863. Cai)t., Aug. 23, lb63. Wounded in action near Dallas, Ga., May 24, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious conduct in action near Dallas, Ga. " Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAWRENCE, CHARLES W., Oxford. Entered service Aug. 22, 1862, as Hosp'l Stew'd 22d Infy. Ass't Surg., Jan. 12, 1863. Resigned May 16, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LAWEENCE. SOLOMON E., Union City. Entered service Sept. 21, 1861. Serg't Batt. D, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt. Mar. 23, lb64. First Lt., Feb. 8, 1865. Ee- signed June 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAWEENCE, EEASTUS W., Utica. Entered sei-vice Sept. 2, 1861. Com. Serg't 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Sejit. 19, 1862. First Lt. and Com., Sept. 19, 1862. Mus- tered out Sept. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. LAWRENCE GEORGE W., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., .lune I'J, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 15, 1864. Capt., Nov. 7, 186^^. Mustered out Feb. 12, 18u6, and honorably discharged. LEACH, WESLEY H., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v D, 1st Cav. Fir^t Lt., 4th Cav., Dec. 19, 1862. Capt., Mar. 31, 1863. Resigned Aug. 24, 1864, and honorably discliarged. LEACH, MORGAN L., Duplain. Ass't Surg. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned for dibability, July 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. LEACH, DANIEL, China. First Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. Died of disease at Camp Big Si-riug, Miss., July 7, 1862. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 871 LEACH, CHARLES, Blissfield. Entered service Jan. 23, 1865. Serg't Comp'y H. 11th Infy, . Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. First Lt. and Adjt., Aug. 12, 1865. Mus- tered out as Second Lt., Sept. 16, 1865, and honorabiy discharged." LEADBEATER, EDWARD S., Detroit. Capt., 27th Infy, Oct. 10, 1862. Wounded In action at Campbell's Station, East Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., July 21, 1864:. Lt. Col., Mar. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged.- LEANHONTS, WILLIAM, Kalamazoo. Entered service June 6, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 17th Infy, , Fii-st Lt., Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. LEAVITT, GUILFORD A., Tuscola. Entered service Aug. 20, 1864. Serg't Maj., 29th Infy, • Second Lt., Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEAVITT, JAMES S., Tuscola. Second Lt, 7th Infy, June 19, 1861. Resigned Apl 24, 1»62, and honoi'ably discharged. LEBARRON, ROBERT, Ann Arbor. Second Ass't Surg. 4th Infy, May 5, 1864. Mus- tered out June 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. LE BARON, C. DE LOSS, Tecumseh. Entered service Auc:. 7, 1862. Q. M. Serg't 18th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 5, 1864. Fust Lt., Ap'l 23, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEE, HENRY G. Decatur. Entered service Oct. 12, 1861. Serg't 1st Comp'y S. S. 16th Infv, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mubtered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 8, 1865, LEE, FRANCIS G., Portland. Surg. 21st Infy, Dec. 15, 1862. Resigned Jan. 2, 1863, and honorably discharged. LEE, GEORGE, Grand Rapids. Batt. Adjt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt. and ReH:ni'l Adjt., — , 1862. Capt. and Asst Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 11, 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col., U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13. 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service during the \\ar." ]M;ij. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, .Mav 19, 1865, on staff of Gen. Sheri- dan. First Lt. 21st U. S. Infy, July 28, 1866. Still servhig as Asst Adjt. Gen. on GiMi. Sheridan's staff. Bvt. Capt. U. S. A., Mar. 2, 1867, " for gallantry at the battles of New Madiid, BoonsviUe, and P* n-ysville," Bvt. Maj., Mar. 2, 1867," for gallantry at the battles of Stone river and Chickamauga." Bvt. Lt. Col., Mar. 2, 1807, "for faithful service in the field during the war." Died at New Orleans, La., Oct. 29, 1867. LEE, EDWARD M., Port Huron. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1, 1863. Taken prisoner in action at Buckland s Mills, Va., Oct. 19, 1863. Exchanged Dec. 13, 18 4. Bvt. Col. and Brig. Gen. XJ. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1«65, " for gallant and ujeritori- ous conduct during the war." Lt. Col., Ap'l 13, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and lumorably discharged. LEE, FREDERICK B., Mt. Clemens. Entered service Dec. 22, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y D, 8Lh Cav. Regm'l Q. M. Seig't, Nov. 28, 1863. Second Lt., Feb. 9, ls64. Wounded in action ;it Bakers Ferry, Ga., July 5, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consol- idation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. LEEDER, JAMES R., Pokagon. Entered service Dec. 31, 1863, as Pvt. 6th Infy. Ass't 8uig. 23d Infy, May i6, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LEETCH, CHARLES S., Saginaw. First Lt. 1st Infy, Nov. 30, 1861. Resigned Sept. 14, 1862, ana honorably discharged. LE FAVOUR, HEBER. Detroit. Capt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Wounded in action at Wilhanjiriburg, Va., May 5, 1862. Lt. Col. 22d Infy, Aug. 30, 1862. Col., Jan. 5, 1863. Taken jirisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 2(i, 1863. Paroled May 7, 1864. Bvt. Br.g. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "lor gallant and meritorious service." Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEFFORD, ASA C, Pet(>rsburg. Entered service Jan. 14, 1865, as Serg't Comp'y H, 11th laf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 12, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. HonuraOly dis- charged Sept. 16, 1865. 872 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR, LEGGETT, PERCIVAL S., Detroit, Entered service Aug. 16, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 5th Cav. Second Lt., June 13, 1863. Killed in action at Port Conway, Va., Sept. 1, 1863. LEGGETT, FRANCIS W., New York City. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Jan. 11, 1864, and honorably discharged. LEIDLIN, JOHN, Saginaw. Second Lt. 2d Inf y, Ap'l 25, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1861. Resigned Sept. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. LEIGHTON, STEPHEN B., Williamston. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp y H, 26th Inf y. Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Hon- orably discharged June 4, 1865. LELAND, JOSHUA B., Northfield. First Lt. 20th Infy, July 29, 1862. Died June 22, 1863. LEMERAND, ALEX., Monroe. Entered service Oct. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 15th Ini'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 1. 1864. First Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. LENNON, PETER, Clayton. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Corap'v D, 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 10, 1864. First Lt., May 8, 1865. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. LENNON, JOHN J., Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 24th Infy, July 26, 1862. Re- signed Dec. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. LEONARD, MILTON, Grand Rapids. Entered sei-vice June 10, 1881, as Corp'l Comp'y F, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 5, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 1, 1S64. Killed in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. LEONARD, CHARLES W., Newaygo. Ass't Surg. 10th Cav., Aug. 26, 1863. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. LEONARDSON, OLIVER C, Port Huron. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept 7, 1861. Honorably discharged Oct. 21, 1864. LERICK, ISAAC N., Utica. Capt. 3d Infy, Julv 29, 1864. Maj., June 14. 1865. Mus- tered out as Capt., May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. LEVY, NATHAN, Rochester, N. Y. Second Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. First Lt., Ap'l 26, 1«G3. Resigned Jan. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged. LEWIS, FRANCIS J., Albion. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Resigned Mar. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. LEWIS, EDWARD H., Albion. Entered sei-vice Sept. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Engs and Mech's, Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEWIS, WILLIAM L., Bay City. Capt. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEWIS, EDWIN E., Coldwater. Entered service Oct. 19, 1861, as Serg't Batt. G, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., June 6, 1862. Fu'st Lt., Ap'l 19, 1864. Capt., Jan. 7, 1665. Mustered out Aug. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. LEWIS, WM. ELY, St. Johns. First Lt. 8th Infy, Aug. 12, 1861. Capt.. Ap'l 21, 1862. Wounded in j^ction at James Island, S. C, June 16, 1862. Maj., Mar. 12, 1863. Killed in action at Cold Hiirltor, Va., June 3, 1864. LEWIS, WILLIAM A., East Saginaw. Second Lt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 3, 1862. Capt., Oct. 6, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. LIEBER, ALBRECHT. Chicago, 111. Appointed from 8th Illinois Cav. as Second Lt. 1st Mi. h., or l(i2d U. S. Coi'd Infy, May 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 873 LIGHT, HAEVET E., Eureka. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Maj., Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. LILLIE, JULIUS, Pavilion. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 26, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Taken prisoner in action. Mar. 9, 1865. Exchanged, . Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. LILLY, AUGUSTUS, Allegan. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 19th Infy. Second Lt., May 1, 1863. Fkst Lt., May 15, 1864. Honorably discharged as Second Lt., Apl 9, 1865. LIMBOCKER, THOMAS J., Trenton. Second Lt. Batt. 1, 1st Light Art., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned for disability Feb. 3, 1864, and honorably discliarged. LINABUEY, JOSEPH, Pontiac. Entered sei-vice Aug. 22, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y H, 7th Infy. Discharged for disability Jan. 21, 1863. Ee-entered service Oct. 22, 1863. Q. M. Serg't 13th Batt., . Second Lt., June 5, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 1, 1865. LINCOLN, CHAELES P., Coldwater. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 1st (3 months) Infantry. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. 19th Infy, July 28, 1862. Eesigned Ap'l 26, 1864, and honorably diechaiged. LIND, JOHN C, East Saginaw. Second Lt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. Capt., July 9, 1862. Died at East Saginaw, Mich., Aug. 8, 1863. LINDSAY, AEAD E., . Capt. 1st Mich (102d U. S.) Col'd Infy, Jan. 8, 1864. Killed in action at Honey Hill, S. C, Nov. 30, 1864. LINDSAY, OEANGE F., St. Clair. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 10th Infy, . Wounded in action Sept. 1, 1864, and again Mar. 16, 1865. Second Lt., May 20, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 24, 1865. LINDSEY, JOHN, Grand Eapids. Entered sei-vice June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v B, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1862. Eesigned May 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. LISTEE, JAMES J., Trenton. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 29, 1863. Capt., Oct. 17, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. LITCHFIELD, ALLYN C, Blendon. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Lt. Col. 7th Cav., Nov. 14, 1802. Taken prisoner Mar. 1, 1804, on the Kilpatrick raid upon Eichmond, and placed in solitary confinement in that citv. Exchanged in Feb., 18G5. Col., Mar. 1, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar.'lS, 1865, "for gallant and meritori- ous service." Eesigned as Lt. Col., May 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. LITTLE, ANDEEW, Eonald. Entered service Nov. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., July 5, 1865. Not mustered as an officei-. Honorably dis- charged July 25. 1865. LITTLE, CHAELES D., Saginaw City. First Lt. and Q. M. 23d Infy, Aug. 6, 1862. Eesigned July 20, 1863, and honorably discharged. LITTLEFIELD, DANIEL W., Grand Eapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 3d Infy. Secon.i Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 29, 1862. Fii-st Lt„ June 6, 1803. Died of disease at Washington, D. C, Jan. 6. 1864. LITTLEFIELD, JOHN J., Dundee. Ass't Surg. 18th Infy, Oct. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. LIVINGSTON, SAMUEL, Monroe. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Compy D, 7th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 22, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Capt.. May 20, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 5, 1864, and honorably discharged. LIVINGSTON, GEOEGE H., St. Joseph. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 19th Infy. Second Lt. Ap'l 26, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died of wounds July 1, 1664. IIU 874 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR LOASE, JOHN F., Greenville. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 21st Inf'y, '• Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Stone Biver, Tenu., Dec. 31, 1862. Mustered out June 21, 1865, and honorably discliarged. LOBDELL, JAMES H., Muskegon. First Lt. 6th Cav.. Oct. 13, 1862. Honorably dis- charged Mar. 6, 1863. LOCHHEAD, OSCAR F., Plymouth. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 2d Infy, . First Lt., Oct. 12, 1864. Eegimental Q. M., Sept. 30, 1864. Mus- tered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOCKE, WESLEY. Sturgis. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 10, 1865. LOCKLEY, GEORGE, Ann Arbor. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st (3 years) Infy, Aug. 18, 1861. Second Lt., Aug. 6, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 23, 1862. Capt., Nov. 1, 1862. Wounded in action, May 23, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vols., July 6, 1864, "for gallant and distiiiguiylied service at the battle of Spottsylvania, and during the present campaign before Rich- mond, Va." Maj., Oct. 3, 1864. Lt. Col., Jan. 7, 1865. Wounded m action at Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 6, 1865. Col., May 30, 1865. Mustered out as Lt. Col., July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOCKLIN, LEWIS D., Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C,. 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., Sept. 6, 1864. Capt., June 20, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOCKWOOD, THEODORUS W., Detroit. Second Lt. Batt. H, 1st Light Art., Mar. 6, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 22, 1863. Resigned Aug. 11, 1863. Capt. 9th Cav., June 21, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOCKWOOD, MAJOR F., Spaulding. First Lt. 9th Cav., June 21, 1864. Killed while on a scout to Stone Mountain, Gra., Oct. 2, 1864. LOGAN, WILLIAM S., Richland. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 22, 1863. Capt., Sept. 19, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. Taken prisoner at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Exchanged Mar. 25, 1865. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. LONG, JOHN, Detroit. Second Lt. 16th Infy, Aug. 9, 1861. Wounded in action at Mal- vern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. LONG, GEORGE R., St. Johns. Entered sei-vice Aug. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 23d Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 13, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1864. Capt., Nov 30, 1864. Wounded in action at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. LONG, MICHAEL P., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Pvt Comp'y E, 3d Infy. Capt., July 29, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for galLint and meritorious service in the field during the war. " Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discliarged. LONGRELL, ROBERT S., Niles. Entered service Sept. 8, 1861. Serg't Comp'y L, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Aug. 17, 1865. LONSBURY, GEORGE W., Saugatuck. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, oLh Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. First Lt., July 15, 1864. Capt., Nov, 10, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service dur- ing the war." Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discliarged. LOOMIS, CYRUS O., Coldwater. Capt. Batt. A, 1st Light Art., Mav 28, 1861. Col., 1st Reg't Lt. Art, Oct. 8, 1862. Bv(. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols, June 20, 1865, "forgal- lantand meritorious service." Mustered out July 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOO:\[IS, ROYAL H., Saginaw City. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 2d Ciiv. Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Capt., Dec. 26, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1665, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 875 LOOMIS, JAMES B., Battle Creek. Entered service Sept. 4, 1862. Ser^'t Maj. 7tb Cav., . First Lt., Au^. 1, 1863. Capt., May 24, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOEANGEE, KICHARD, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y F, 1st (3 njunths) Inf y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. 15th Inf y, Jan. 1, 1»62. Re- signed Sept. 24;, 1862, and honorably dischaiged. LORANGER, FLIP., Williamston. First Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Capt., Jan. 7, 1863. Resigned Mar. 30, 1863, and honorably discharged. LORD, FRANK, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861. Serg't Maj. 1st Infy, . First Lt., May 30, 1865. Capt., July 15, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., July 9, 1865, and honox'ably discharged. LOSEY, CORNELIUS, Oxford. Entered service Nov. 21. 1861, as Serg't Comp'v I, Htb Inf'y. Fust Lt., Aug. 10, 1864. Capt., Feb. 13, 1865. Wounded in acUou Mar. 20. 1865. Honorably discharged as First Lt., May 15, 1865. LOSEY, GEORGE H., Hudson. Entered service Aug. 31, 1864, as Serg't Comp'v B, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 26. 1866. LOTHIAN, JAMES A., Muskegon. Capt. 26th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862. Died July 12, 1864, of wounds received in action before Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864. LOUCKS, JOHN W., Jr., St. Clair. Entered service Nov. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 15th Inf'v, . Second Lt., Oct. 30, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Nov. 20, 1863. LOUNSBERRY, CDEMENT A., Marengo. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Wounded and taken prisoner, July 21, 1861. Exchanged, . Clustered out July 1, 1862. Enlisted as Serg't Comp'y I, 20lh Inf y, Aug. y, 1862. Second Lt., Jan. 26, 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner in action, lAlav 9, 1863. R.scued, . First Lt., Nov. 19, 1863. Capt., May 12, 1864. Wimnded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Bvt. Maj U. S. Vols. Dec. 2, 18(;4, "for gallant and meritoriot.s service during the present campaiirn before Richmond, Ya." Lt. Col., Dec. 20, 1864. Col., Mar 11, 1865. MusteredoutMay 30, 16(j5, as Lt. Col., and honorably discharged. LOVELAND, WILLIAM H., Ann Arbor. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't ISTaj. 4th Inf'y, . First Lt., July 1, 1862. Capt., Sept. 10, 1862. Died May 31, 1864, of wounds received in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. LOVELL, DON G., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10. 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 3d Infy. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., >iay 9, 1863. Capt., Oct. 22. 1863. Wounded in action at Treviilian Station, Va., June 11, 18(i4. Maj., June 21, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOVELL, BEZALEEL W., Lapeer. Capt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned Aug. 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. LOVEWELL, FR.4NCIS, Adrian. Entered service Mar. 7, 1863. Serg't Comp'y M, 1st Entr's and Meoh's, . First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. LOW, JOHN E., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 6, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Inf'v. Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 13, 1862. Wounded in action June 2, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. LOWE, HENRY, Hamburg. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'v E, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an ofSeer. Honorably dis- charged June 4, 1865. LOWING, STEPHEN L., Georgetown. First Lt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Capt., Oct. 28, 1861. Wounded at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 8, 1864, and honorably discharged. LOWRIE, WILLIAM C. D., Detroit. Second Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 31, 1863. Resigned Dec. 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. 876 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. IiOWRIE, WILLIAM H., Eomeo. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861. Com. Serg't 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 20, 1864. First Lt. and Q. M., Nov. 16, 1864. Mus- tered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. LUCAS, ISAAC W.,- Grand Rapids. Entered service Feb. 19, 1863. Serg't Comp'y K, 7th Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 22, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 16, 1865. LUCE, CONSTANT, Monroe. Capt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Resigned Nov. 23, 1861. Lt. Col., 17th Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Col., Mar. 21, 1863. Honorably discharged Dec. 4, 1864. LUCE, EDMUND M., . Second Lt. Batt. H, 1st Light Art., June 19, 1862. Resigned Feb. 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. LUDDEN, HENRY D., Detroit. Entered sei-vice Oct. 19, 1861. Serg't Corapy D, 13th Inl'y, . Second Lt., June 19, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. LUM, CHARLES M., Detroit. Capt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y. May 1, 1861. Wounded in action at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Col. 10th Inf'y, Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out Ap'l 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. LUMBARD, GEO. W., HUlsdale. Capt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Lt. Col., Julv 1, 1862. Col., July 3, 1863. Died May 6, 1864, of wounds received in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. LUMBARD, HORATIO G., Hillsdale. First Lt. 4th Inf'y, Nov. 14, 1862. Taken pris- oner at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Released . Mustered out June 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. ,. LUMBARD, FRANCIS M., Ann Arbor. Entered service Mar. 31, 1^64. Serg't Comp'y I, 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honor- ably discharged Oct. 17, 1865. LUNGERHAUSEN, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comn'y A, 2d Inf'y, . First Lt., Nov. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. LUSK, GEORGE W., . Second Lt. Comp'y D, Western S. S., June 11, 1862. Resigned Dec. 31, 1862, and honorably discharged. LUSK, THURLOW W., Duplain. Second Lt., 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Capt., Oct. 1, 1862. Maj., Oct. 25, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 28, 1805, and honorably discharged. LYMAN, JAMES H., Shiawassee. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'v B, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., July 4, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866. and honorably discharged. LYON, CHARLES D., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. Capt., Oct. 28, 1801. Resigned Oct. 13, 1862, and honorably discharged. LYON, CHARLES, Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out . Reentered service as Pvt. 7th Cav., Jan. 14, 1864. Second Lt., Mar. 22, 1864. First Lt., May 24, 1865. Mustered out Deo. 15, 1865, and liooorably discharged LYON, DANIEL, St. Johns. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 16th Inf'y, . First Lt., Sept. 27, 1864. Wounded in action at Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 6, 1865. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865, for disability. LYON, DARWIN B., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861, Resigned Jan. 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. LYON, EPHRAIM N., Flint. Capt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Maj., Feb. 1, 1863. Resigned Mar. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. LYON, FARNHAM, Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Q. M. 7th Cav., Oct. 27. 1862. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vols., May 18, 1864. Bvt. viaj. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and nmrilorious service during the war." Mustered out Mar. 20, 18G6, and honorably discharged. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 877 LYON, GIDEON A., Saginaw City. Entered sei-vlce Au,^. 21, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 23d Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 29, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 16, 1864. Capt., Aug. 15, 1864. Transferred to 28th Inf'y, June 28, 1865. Mustered out June 11, 1866, and honorably discharged. LYON, G. COLLINS, Jackson. Second Lt. 1st (3 months) Infy, Mav 1, 1861. Capt. 1st Infy, Aug. 17, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 22, 1862. JVJa.i. 17th Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Resigned Oct. 13, 1864, and honorably discharged. LYON, HARVEY, ]\Iidland City. First Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Capt., June 23,. 1862. Resigned Oct. 31, 1862, and honorably discharged. LYON, SANFORD W., Grand Eapids. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 21st Inf'y. First Lt., Sept. 24, 1863. Wounded m action at Bentoaville, N. C, Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. LYON, SOLOMON, T., HoweU. Second Lt. 5th Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1864. First Lt., June 10, 1864. Capt., Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. LYSAGHT, RICHARD, St. Joseph. Capt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Resigned Jan 6,. 1863, and honorably discharged. ■^LYSTER, HENRY F., Detroit. Ass't Surg. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Surg. 5th Inf'y, July 15, 1862. Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Mustered out July 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. LYSTER, WILLIAM J., Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Discharged June 21, 1861. First Lt. 19th U. S. Inf'y, to rank from May 14, 1861. Wounded in action Ap'l 7, 1862. Bvt. Capt.. Ap'l 7, 1862, " for gall-^.nt and meritorious service in the battle of Shiloh, Tenn. " Bvt. Maj., Sept. 20, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious- service in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga." Capt., Aug. 9, 18i;4, Bvt. Lt. Col., Sept. 1, 1864, " for gallant and meritorious service in the Battle of Mission Ridge, Tenn., and during the Atlanta campaign." Now in service. MABBS, ROBERT.; Allegan. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 19tb Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 10, 1865. MACAREY, HARLOW E., Cold water. Second Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. MACK, ADDISON H., Hubbardston. Entered service Aug. 20, 1864. Serg't Comp'y D, 3d Inf'y, , Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Houorably discharged May 25, 1866. MACKEY, JAMES E., Detroit. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out War. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. MACKEY, THOMAS, Detroit, Entered service Sept. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v L, 3d Cav. Discharged Jan 15, 1863. Second Lt. 4ih Cav., Mar. 1, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Capt., Nov. 26, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MACKLIN MICHAEL, Detroit. Entered service July 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 9, 1865. MAETZKE, WILLIAM A., Manchester. Entered service Aug. 24, 1864. Q. M. Serg't 28th Inf'y, - — . Second Lt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honor- ably discharged. MAGILL, ARTHUR E., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Capt., June 4, 1863. Resigned July 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. *It is claimed that Dr. Lyster attended on the field at Blackburn's Ford July 18, 1861, the first Michigan soldier wounded in the war, being Private Mathias Wollen weber, Co. A, 2d Mich. Infy. That he amiiutated the left arm of Private Frederick Wustenberg, Co. A, 2(1 Mich. Inf'y, at Bull Run, July 21, 1861, the first amputation made in a Michigan regiment in the war. 878 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MAGOFFIN, WM. T., St. Johns. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Eesif;ned Mar. 29, 1862. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Resigned Aug. 1, 18 ;4, and honoraVjly dis- charged. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the vyar." MAGUIEE, JAMES, Plymouth. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 7, 1864. Wounded in action at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MAHAN, THEODORE S., Adrian. First Lt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Capt., Aug. 23, 1862. Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Resigned Ap'I 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. MAHON RICHARD H., Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 2d Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 4, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 6, 1862. Resigned Aug. 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. MAHON, WILLIAM, Detroit. Chap. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 26, 1861. Resigned June 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. MAIN. SIDNEY G., Owosso. First Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. MALTMAN, JOHN S., Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 17th Inf'y. First Lt., June 30, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably dis- charged MALTZ, GEORGE L., Detroit. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Maj. 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 21, 1864. Wounded in action at Cold Harbo)', Va., June 3, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. MANDEVILLE, CHARLES, Constantine. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 19lh Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 11, 1864. Killed in action at Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864. ■^lANN, RODNEY, Ionia. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Eng's and Meehs. Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1862, First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MANN, WILLIAM D., Detroit. Capt. 1st. Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Lt. Col. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Col. 7th Cav., Dee. 1, 1862. Resigned Mar. 1, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. MANN, JOSHUA W., Owosso. First Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Capt., Mar. 31, 1863. Resigned Aug. 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. MANN, STEPHEN B., Palmyra. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15,' 1862. Honorably discharged for disability July 8, 1863. MANNING, JAMES L., Lyons. Entered service Sept. 20, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 6th Cav. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'I 1, 1864. Resigned Oct. 14, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. MANNING, REUBEN E., Salem. Entered service July 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 20th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 17, 1865. First Lt., to rank from Ap'I 5, 1865. Not mustered as an oUicer. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MANSFIELD, MORTIMER, Coldwater. First Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Capt., Jan. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 15, 186."), and honorably discharged. MANSFIELD, KILBORN W., Otsego. Entered service Oct. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt. July 4, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 28, 1863. Capt., Mar. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. MANVEL, HOMER, Saugatuck. Entered service Nov. 28, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 879 MAPES, WILLIAM L., Eansom. Entered service Aug. 27, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y D, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 29, 1864. Mustered out^Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MAPLES, ANDEEW, Tecumseh. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 4th Inf'y, . Fkst Lt., July 1, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. MARBLE, EPHEAIM, Marshall. Second Lt. 9th Inf y, Oct. 12, 1561. First Lt., Ap'I 21, 1862. Taken prisoner at W urf reesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released July 15, 1862. Capt., Aug. 7, 1863. Resigned Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MARBLE, EDGAR M., Saranac. First Lt. and Adjt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned June 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. MARCH, EDWIN J., Hillsdale. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Dec. 30, 1863. Lt. Col. 2d Inf'y, Ap'I 1, 1864. Wounded in action near Peter.sburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Col., Sept. 30, 1864. Resigned as Lt. Col. Ap'I 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. MARK, LEOPOLD, Detroit. Entered service Jan. 2, 1863. Serg't Comp'y G, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 18, 1864. Honorably discharged Aug. 27, 1864. MARR, THOMAS, Flint. Entered service July 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 9, 1865. MARSH, STEPHEN P., Leonidas. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 11th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 13, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged, MARSHALL, DAVID D., Tecumseh. Capt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Capt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MARTIN, STEPHEN, Detroit. Capt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Wounded in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Resigned Ap'I 22, 1863, and honorably discharged. MARTIN, JOHN, Detroit. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 16th Inf'y. Second Lt., Ap'I 11, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. MARTIN, WILLIAM A., Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861. Serg't Maj. 3d Cav., . Second Lt., May 16, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1862. Capt, Nov. 17, 1864, Resigned Oct. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. MARTIN, GEORGE H., Grand Rapids. Entered service Jan. 12, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y I, 7th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. Second Lt. 14th Batt. Light Art., Feb. 11, 1864. Resigned Feb. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. MARUM, JOHN E., Detroit. Entered service May 28, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. A, 1st Light Art. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Mar. 10, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Capt., Mar. 27, 1863. Wounded in action before Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. MARVIN, HARVEY, Ovid. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, Ist Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. Mustered out Dec. 21, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. MARVIN, CHARLES, Hillsdale. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1861. Furst Lt., June 27, 1862. Capt., Nov. 26, 1862. Resigned Jan. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. MARVIN, HENRY M., Coloma. Ass't Surg. 12th Inf'y, Mar. 3, 1864. Resigned Sept. 23, 1864. and honorably discharged. MARVIN, CHARLES W., Ithaca. Ass't Surg. 26th Inf'y, June 27, 1864. Clustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. MASON, ALBERT, White Lake. Entered service Oct. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Cav., . Second Lt. Oct. 26, 1864. First Lt., July 4, 1865. Capt., Oct. 17, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. 880 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MASON, GEORGE P., Charleston. Entered service Oct. 1, 1863. Serg't Comp'j' I, 11th Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 21, 1864. Capt., Oct. 29, 1864. Killed in action at Marion, Va., Dec. 18 1864. MASON, HARVEY D., Portland. Second Lt. 1st Comp'y S. S. 27tk Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Resigned Oct. 8, 1864, and honorably discharged. MASON, HIRAM L., Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y 0, 7th Infy. First Lt., Oct. 5, 1864. Capt., Nov. 4, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. MASON, HENRY M., Flint. Second Lt. 30th Infy, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. MASON, JAMES B., Battle Creek. Capt. Comp'y I, Merrill Horse, Sept. 6, 1861. Lt. Col. 11th Cav., Aug. 14, 1863. Killed in action at Sand Mountain, Va., Oct. 4, 1864. MASON, JOHN W., Dundee. Ass't Surg. 6th Infy, July 29, 1862. Surg., Dec. 23, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. MASON, JOSEPH, Lansing. Entered service June 10, 1661, as Serg't Comp'v G, 3d Infy. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. First Lt., June 9, 1862. Wounded at Fair Oaljs, Va., May 31, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Chancellors ville, Va., May 3, 1863. MASON, LEE A., Galesburg. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg'tMaj. 2d Infy, . Fu-st Lt., Dec. 31, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 17, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. MASON, LORENZO D., Boston. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Re- signed July 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. MASON, THERON, Hastings. Entered service Sept. 2, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y C, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 30, 1865. Resigned Aug. 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MASTEN, JOHN B. Tecumseh. Entered service Dec. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 7th Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 16, 1864. First Lt., May 24, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. MATHER, JAMES, Pavilion. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Capt., Oct. 31, 1863. Killed in action at Opequan creek, Va., Aug. 12, 1864. MATHER, ASHER E., Pontiac. Chap. 22d Infy, Aug. 29, 1862. Resigned Aug. 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. MATHER, SPENCER J., Detroit. Capt. Comp'y K, 1st U. S. S. S., Nov. 12, 1861. Resigned July 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. MATHEWS, SALMON S., Pontiac. First Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Capt., Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded in action at Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862. Taken prisoner July 1, 1862. Exchanged Sept. 1, 1862. Maj., May 3, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Lt. Col., Jtme 11, 1864. Resigned Dec. 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Col. and Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battles of Glendale and the Wilderness, Va. " MATHEWS, ALMERON S., Pontiac. First Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 24, 1861. Resigned Dec. 11, 1861. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Adjt., Nov. 27, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chiekamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., to rank from Oct. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865. Second Lt., 14th U. S. Infy, July 20, 1866. Transferred to 32d Lify, Sept. 21, 1866. 1st Lt., Sept. 15, 1867. Resigned Dec. 9, 1867, and honorably discharged. MATHEWS, THOMAS, Flint. Fh-st Lt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. Capt., May 13, 1863. Maj., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. MATHEWS, AMASA E., Plviuouth. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. First Lt., May 18, 1863. Capt., June 13, 1864. Wournhnl in action at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1804. Honorably discharged for disability, Jan. 16, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 881 MAUCH, BERNARD, Detroit. First Lt. 3 months Infy, May 1, 1861. Wounded and taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Died of wounds while a prisoner, , 18t31. MAUS, JACOB, Hastings. Second Lt. 8th Infy, Aug. 29, 1861. Resigned Jan. 9, 1862, and honorably discharged. MAYERS, JOHN G., Allegan. Entered service Aug. 20, 1864, as Serg't Maj. 28th Infy. Second Lt., War. 13, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. „ MAXIM, ALPHONSO A., Bridgewater. Entered service Aug. 14, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y In A, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 14, 1865. First Lt. and Q. M., Sept. 2, 1865. Mus- ■' tered out Nov. 11, 1665, and honorably discharged. MAXWELL, GEORGE R., Monroe. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 1st Cav., . First Lt., July 30, 1862. Wounded "in action at Monterey, Md., July 4, 1863. e'apt., Aug. 22, 1863. Wounded in action at Hawes's shop, Va., May 28, 1864. Lt. Col., Oct. 25, 1864. Wounded in action at Five Foriis, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865 (leg amputated). Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for conspicuous gal- lantry in action. " Honoi'ably discharged Aug. 4, 1865. MAXWELL, WILLIAM B., Grafton. Entered service Sept. 20, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Died of disease at Pleasant VaUey, Va., Mar. 14, 1865. MAY, WILLIAM J., White Pigeon. Col. 11th Infy, Oct. 11, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. MAY, DWIGHT, Kalamazoo. Capt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Dec. 2, 1861. Lt. Col. 12th Iiify. Oct. 8, 1862. Col., June 10, 1865. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Oct. 24, 1865, "for faiihful service during the war." Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. MAY, CHARLES S., Kalamazoo. Capt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Sept. 22, 1861, and honorably discharged. MAY, FRANK W., Kalamazoo. Chap. 2d Infy, May 25, 1861. Mustered out July 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. MAY, THOMAS P., Litchfield. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 17th Infy, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 3, 1865. MAYERBECK, CHARLES, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 26, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 14th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. MAYNARD, CHARLES W., Ann Arbor. Entered service July 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 20th Inf'v. Wounded and talien prisoner at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Exchanged Dec. — , 1864. Fii-st Lt.,"Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MAYNARD, DARIUS G., Marquette. First Lt. and Ad.it. 1st Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Capt., Aug. 22, 1863. Wovuided in action at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1863. Resigned Feb. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. MoALESTER, CHARLES E., FUnt. Capt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Transferred to Ist U. S. Veteran Vol. Eng's, Aug. 13, 1864. No further record. McANNELLY, PATRICK, Detroit. Entered service Oct. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 15th Infy. Second Lt., Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865. and honorably discharged. McARTHUR, WILLIAM, Woodville. Entered service Aug. 30, 1864. Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Infy . Second Lt., Dec. 18, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. McBRIDE, JAMES G., Monroe. First Lt. and Adjt. 15th Infy, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Maj., Oct. 17, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. Ill 88;i MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MoCALLUM, JAMES T., Hancock. Second Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. McCarthy, ALONZO N., Galesburg. Entered service Sept. 11. 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Cav. Second Lt., June 7, 1864. Resigned Mar. 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. McCarthy, Robert D., Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 21, 1863, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st Eng's and Mech's. Second Lt., Feb. 16, 1864. Resigned May 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. McCLINTOCK, OILMAN J., Owosso. First Lt. 14th Inf y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned July 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. McCLOUD, JOHN L., Schoolcraft. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. MoCLOY, JOSEPH, Jackson. First Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Capt., Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 25, 1864, and honorably discharged. McCOLLISTER, CHARLES E., St. Joseph. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Mar. 16, 1863, and honorably discharged. McCOLLOUGH, FRANCIS, East Saginaw. Entered service July 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 9, 1865. McCOLLUM, WALTER, Lodi. Second Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. MoCONNELL, WILLIAM C, . Entered service Sept. 13, 1864. Q. M. Serg't 3d Inf'y. . Second Lt., Ap'l 10, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. MoCONNELL, WILLIAM H., Hillsdale. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Resigned Jan. 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. MoCONNELL, ABRAM P., Pontiac. Surg. 22d Inf'y, Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoCONNELL, DANIEL, Grand Rapids. Col. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Resigned Oct. 22, 1861, and honorably discharged. Mccormick, JOHN J., Vassar. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 2d Cav., . Second Lt.. Sept. 19, 1862. Taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Exchanged June 18, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 15, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, and honoi'ably discharged. MoCOKMICK, JAMES H., Ypsilanti. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1K^64. First Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. Mccormick, GEORGE W., Kalamo. Entered service Oct. 27,1862. Sergt Comp'y D, 7lh Cav.. . Second Lt., Juno 6, 1863. First Lt., June 13, 1863. Capt., May 24, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoCOURTIE, SAMUEL B., Bethel. Entered service Nov. 30, 1861. Sergt Batt. F, 1st Light Art., . Seconti Lt., Jan. 10, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. McCRACKIN, MARONI, Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 7th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 18, 1864. Resigned May 27, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MoCRATH, JOHN W., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. First Lt., May 28, 1862. Capt., lo rank from May 11, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoCRATH, LYMAN J., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept, 27, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Sept. 3, 1864. Fh-st Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Resigned June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. SSiJ MoCRAY, STEWART B., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned f Ap'l 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. MoCREARY, HENRY, Colon. First Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 7, 1863. Wounded in action near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 6, 1864. Wounded in action Dec. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoCREERY, WILLIAM B., FUnt. " Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y P, 2d Inf'y. Capt., Sept. 10, 1861. Wounded (three wounds) at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862. Lt. Col. 21st Inf'y, Nov. 20, 1862. Col., Feb. 3, 1863. Wounded three times and taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Escaped from Libby prison Feb. 9, 1864. Resigned on account of vrounds, Sept. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. In Gen. Thomas's order is the following: " On account of wounds (six in number) received at various times in action while in discharge of duty, the honor- able scars of which he now wears. In accepting the resignation of Col. William B. McCreery, the major general commanding takes occasion to express his high appre- ciation of the soldierly qualities and faithful discharge of duty which have ever char- acterized Col. McCreery's actions, at the same time regretting the existence of the disability which compels the withdrawal of so valuable an officer fr(.im the service. " MoCREERY, CHARLES H., Flint. Second Lt. 8th Inf'v, Sept. 3, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt., Sept. 24, 1862. Capt., Mar. 27, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vols., Ap'l 2. 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry in the assault before Petersburg, Va. " Mustered out Oct. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoCURDY, JAMES P. W., Meridian. Entered service Oct. 29, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G. 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 29, 1864. Resigned Mar. 21, 1865, and honora- bly discharged. MoDERMOTT, PATRICK, Detroit. First Lt. Comp'y A, 23d 111. Inf'y, June 15, 1861. Taken prisoner Sept. 20, 1861, at the siege of Lexington, Mo. Paroled, . Capt., Nov. 1, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 14, 1864. Capt. 11th Mich. Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Maj., Mar. 16, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoDERMOTT, JOHN, Detroit. Capt. Comp'y A, 23d 111. Inf'y, June 15, 1861. Taken prisoner Sept. 20, 1861, at the siege of Lexington, Mo. Paroled, . Resigned Nov. 1, 1861. Lt. Col. 15th Mich. Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. MoDONALD, RONALD, Detroit. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G. 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. MoDONALD, MUIR A., Washington. Entered service Dec. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 31, 1863. Capt., Jan. 18, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoDONALD, WILLIAM H., Port Huron. Entered service Nov. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Capt., Sept. 3, 1864. Maj., June 7, 1865. Mustered out as Capt. July 19, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. MoDOUGAL, COLIN, Port Huron. Entered service July 17, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Inf'y. Second Lt, May 26, 1862. Resigned Jan 23, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. MoELHENY, JAMES S., Dowagiac. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 1st Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. First Lt., May 18, 1863. Killed in action at Mon- terey, Md., July 4, 1863. MoELHENY, WILLIAM D., Prairie Ronde. Entered service Dec. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Cav. First Lt., Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on con- solidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. MoENTEE, TERRENCE P., Saginaw. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., June 9, 1862. Killed by Bushwhackers at Water Valley, Miss., Dec. 18, 1862, while returning from a scout. MoFARLAND, JOHN N., Plymouth. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Mar. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. 884 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MoGINLEY, JAMES F., Manistee. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Inf'y, . First Lt., Mar. 15, 1864. Wounded in action May 10, 1864. Trans- ferred to 5th Inf'y, June 10, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Sept. 1, 1864. Capt. Oct. 10, 1864. Wounded, taken prisoner, and died of his wounds, Oct. 27, 1864. McGOWAN, JONAS H., Matteson. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y M, 5th Cav. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned for disabihty, Jan. 27, 1864, and honorably discharged, MoGEAW, BYEON, Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Inf'y. Second Lt. 16th Inf'y, Mar. 22, 1862. Wounded in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Died at Savage Station, Va., June 30, 1862, of wounds received in action June 27, 1862. MoGRAW, WILLIAM H., Dansville. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 8, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 30, 1863. Resigned Aug. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. MoGREGOR, JOHN, Detroit. Entered service Nov. 5, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 26, 1865. McHALE, ALEXANDER W., Muskegon. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 4, 1865. McILVANE, WILLIAM W., Cassopolis. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as serg't Comp'y D, 6th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Port Hudson, La., May 27, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. Resigned July 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. MoINTYRE, MICHAEL, Hillsdale. Entered service Oct. 3, 1861. Serg't Maj. 3d Cav., . Second Lt., June 11, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged Feb. 28, 1865. McIVOR, JOHN E., Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Stone river, Tenn., Dec. 31. 1862. First Lt., Feb. 26, 1863. Resigned Sept. 19, 1863. Capt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. MoKAY, JOHN, . Entered service Sept. 8, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 3d Inf'y. Sec- ond Lt., Feb. 25, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. McKAY, ROBERT G., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1862. Taken prisoner in action Sept. 23, 1863. Exchanged, . Fust Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. McKENDRIE, EDWARD S., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 16th Inf'y. Capt. 1st Mich, or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. McKENZIE, CHARLES F., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Cav., Second Lt., Feb. 1, 1863. Died of disease at Detroit, Mich., Nov. 18, 1863. MoKERNON, PHILIP, Mason. Capt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Died of typhoid fever, near Poolsville, Md., Sept. 26. 1861. MoKINNEY, JOHN Y., Portsmouth. Second Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 26, 1863. Capt., Oct. 6, 1861. Mustered out Juno 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MoKINNEY, MARTIN V., Buchanan. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned July 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. MoKNIGHT, JAMES A., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 16th Inf'y. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Mich, or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Dec. 13, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 885 McLACHLIN, WILLIAM D., Petersburs:. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. McLACHLIN, ARCHIBALD J., Van Buren. Entered service Julv 16, 1862, as Serg't Cumij'y G, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 6, 1863. Resiiined Aiay 25, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. Mclaughlin, SIMON, St. Johns. Entered service Aug. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 8th Inf'y, . First Lt., Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. Mclaughlin, Patrick, Detroit. First Lt. leth Infy, Aug. 9, I86I. Capt., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 16, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., 1st Mich, or 102d U. S. CoI'd Inf'y, Nov. 6, 1863. Killed in action at Salkehatchie, S. C, Feb. 8, 1865. McLEAN, JAMES B., Dexter. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 29, 1862. Capt., Sept. 28, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Resigned for disability, Ap'l 21, 1884, and honorably discharged. McLELLAN, DAVID M., Dowagiac. Second Lt. 12Lh Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Wounded in action at Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, 1862. Resigned Nov. 16, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. MCLOUGHLIN, WILLIAM, Sturgis. First Lt., 13th Infy, Oct. 3, 1861. Capt., May 31, 1862. Resigned Oct. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. MoMASTERS, ALPHONSO, Albion. Entered service Oct. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. McMillan, JOHN G., FentonvlUe. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., Aug. 18, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 2, 1865. McMillan, Archibald, Detroit. Entered service Mar. 25, 1863. Serg't Batt. M, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Oct. 26, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 27, 1864. Mus- tered out Oct. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoNAUGHTON, DUNCAN, Bay City. Entered service Mar. 31, 1864. Serg't Maj. 16th Inf'y, . First Lt. and Adjt., Oct. 15, 1864. Capt., May 7, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MoNAUGHTON, DANIEL, Plainfield. Entered service Aug. 28, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 7th Cav. First Lt. and Q. M., May 18, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 15, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. McNEIL, JOHN A., . First Lt. 1st Comp'y S. S., 16th Inf'y, Sept. 16, 1861. Re- signed May 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. MoNEIL, HALMER E., Port Huron. Entered service Nov. 8, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 15th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. McNETT, JACOB. Grand Haven. Ass't Surg. 1st S. S., Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 19, 18(34, and honorablj'' discharged. McNITT, ORVILLE F., Hartford. Entered service Sept. 5, 1864. Com. Serg't 28th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 5, 1866. Mono AH, WILLIAM M., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 24th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 1, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 30, 1865. Mcpherson, JAMES, Fentonville. Second Lt. 7th Inf'y, May 10, 1862. First Lt.. i\lay 26, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 23, 1864. Mustered out as 1st Lt., Oct. 5, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. McQUAID, SAMUEL C, Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862. Principal Musician 27th Ini'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 17, 1864. Honorably discharged Mar. 14, 1865. 886 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR McQUAID, ROBEftT H., Belleville. Entered service Auff. 22, 1862, as Q. M. Ser^^'t 27tb Infv, . Second Lt. 29th Infy, Oct. 4, 186-4. First Lt., Jan. 6, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn., by railroad accident, Jan. 19, 1865. MoTAGGART, CALVIN P., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 3d Infy. Second Lt, Sept. 24, 1862. First Lt., jV[ar. 28, 1863. Trans- ferred lo Vet. Ees. Corps Dec. 13, 1863. No further record. MoWILLIAMS, EDMUND, Detroit. Second Lt. Hall's S. S., Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out Mar. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. MEAD, JAMES F., Hastings. Entered service Sept. 7, 1862, as Serg't Comi>'y F, 8tli Infy, Wounded in action June 16, 1862. Second Lt., July 5, 1864. Wounded in action July 21, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Sept. 23, 1864. MEAD, JOSEPH L., East Saginaw. First Lt. 7th Cav., June 11, 1863. Died Sept. 13, 1864, of wounds received in action Aug. 29, 1864. MEAD, PETER E., Ypsilanti. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Infy, Dec. 2, 1863. First Lt,, Nov, 16, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MEAD, THEODORE S., Hillsdale. First Lt. 2d Comp'y S. S. 27th Infy, Feb. 27, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864, Died (jct. 16, 1864, of wounds received in action at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. MEADE, FAYETTE C, Litchfield, Entered service F.-b. 23, 1864. Serg't 2d Comp'y S. S. 27th Infy, . First Lt., Oct. 16, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. MEADE, LEROY, Tecumseh. Entered service June 20, 18G1. Serg't Comp'y G, 4th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 12, 1863, Mustered out June 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. MEADE, LEWIS C, Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug, 7, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 22d Infy. Second Lt., July 11, 1863. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. First Lt, June 7, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MEDDAUGH, BKONSON C, Detroit Second Lt Batt B, 1st Light Art, Aug. 28, 1862, Mustered out at Corinth, Miss., Mar. 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. MEDLER, JAMES G., Leroy. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 5th Cav., . Second Lt, Mar. 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 22, 1865. MEIGS, LUCIEN, Reading. Capt 1st S. S., Mar. 31,1863. Resigned Aug. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. MELCHOR, THADDEUS W., Paw Paw. Capt 4th Cav., Aug, 13, 1862, Resigned Mar. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged, MENDENHALL, DANIEL W., Adrian, Entered service Oct 5, 1861, Q. M. Serg't 12th Infy, , Second Lt., Nov. 18, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Feb. 15, 1866. MENIER, FRANCIS, Ionia. Capt 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Resigned Ap'I 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. MERRICK, BENJAMIN W., Port Austin. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Pvt Comp'y E, 5th Infy. Di&charged for disability Ap'I 27, 1863. First Lt 29th Inf y, July 29, 1864. Capt, Aug. 7, 1865, Mustered out as First Lt, Sept 6, 1865, and honorjibly discharged, MERRILL, ALBERT P,, Parma, Second Lt 20th Infy, July 29, 1863, Not mustered. MERRILL, NORRIS H., Buchanan. Entered service July 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 25th Infy. Second Lt, June 1, 1864. Wounded in action with loss of arm at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 6, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Nov. 4, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 88? ♦MERRILL, LEWIS, Penn. Cadet M. A., Julj' 1, 1851. Bvt. Second Lt. 1st U. S. Drag., July 1, 1855. Second Lt. 2d Drag., Dec. 13, 1855. First Lt. 2d U. S. Cav., Ap'l 24, 1861. (Jol. .Merrill Horse (2d Mo." Cav.), Aug. 17, 1861. Capt. 2d U. S. Cav., Oct. 1, 1861. Bvt. Maj., Sept. 10, 1862, "for gallant and meritorious service against the rebel forces in North Miss(.)uri. " Bvt. Lt. Col., Sept. 10, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service in the capture of Little Rock, Ark." Bvt. Col., Mar. 5, 1865, "for gallant and I meritorious service against the rebel forces in northwest Georgia, under the command of the rebel General WofTord, and which terminated in his surrender." Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out of volunteer service Deo. 14, 1865. Maj. 7th U. S. Cav., Nov. 27, 1868. Now in service. MERRILL, AMI S., Parma. Entered service Sept. 26, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y M, 2d Cav. Capt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, May 18, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MERITHAN, JOHN D., Manchester. First Lt. (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. MERRITT, WILLIAM T., Eaton Rapids. First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. MERRITT, JAMES E., Tecumseh. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Mustered out on consolidation with 8th Cav., July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. MERRITT, ALEXANDER H., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, Serg't Comp'y C, 1st Infy, . Wounded in action at Bull Run, Va., July 30, 1862. Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 18, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Capt., May 8, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 30, 1862, "for gallant and distinguished service at the battles of Laurel Hill and Peebles's Farm, Va." Maj., July 7, 1865. Lt. Col., July 15, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., July 9, 1865, and hon- oi'ably discharged. MERRITT, JOHN C, Detroit. First Lt. 24th Inl'y, July 26, 1862. Capt., Dec. 29, 1862. Died of disease July 9, 1863. MERRYWEATHER, WILLIAM, Holly. Entered service Jan. 3, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y C. 8th Cav. First Lt. and Adjfe., Aug. 31, 1863. Capt., Nov. 14, 1864. Honorably discharged as First Lt. and Adjt., Feb. 20, 1865. MESSINGER, ALBERT W., Iosco. Entered sei-vice Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 26th Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 5, 1864. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Sec- ond Lt. June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. MEYER, CHARLES G., East Saginaw. Capt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. MEYERS, CHARLES, Detroit. Capt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861, Wounded in action at Gaines Mills, Va., June 27, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 31, 1863. MICKLEY, HENRY L., Adrian. Entered service Nov. 5, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 15th Ini'Y, . First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Capt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out Aug, 13, 1865, and honorably discharged, MIGNAULT, JOHN B. K,, Mt. Clemens. Surg. 8th Cav,, Nov, 6, 1862. Resigned for disability Sept. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged, MILES, CLARENCE L,, Commerce. Entered service Sept, 17, 1861, as Q. M. Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Cav. Fii-st Lt, 9th Cav,, Nov, 3, 1862, Resigned Feb. 11, 1864, and honorably discharged. MILES, EDWIN C, St, Clair. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 5th Inf'y, , Second Lt,, Oct, 16, 1862, Capt, 11th Cav. Aug. 1, 1863. Mustered out Aug, 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILES, HAMILTON S,, Coldwater, Entered service July 19, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 19th Inf'y, Second Lt,, June 15, 1865, Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 10, 1865. MILES, JAMES W., . Second Lt, Bait. E, 1st Light Art,, Oct, 1, 1861, No further record. *Had in his regiment three companies of Michigan troops during the war. 888 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MILES, MARCUS H., St. Clair. First Lt. and Q. M. 11th Cav., Aug. 21, 1863. Trans- ferred to 8th Cav. July 20, 1865, on consolidation. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLARD, CYPRIAN H., Linden. Capt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Dec. 10, 1861, and honorably discharged. MILLARD, WILSON, Tallmadge. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 21st Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 29, 1864, Wounded in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out May 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLER, ALFRED K., Coldwater. Entered sei-vice Feb. 20, 1863. Serg't Comp'y L, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., June 27, 1865, Not mustered as an oflBcer. Honorably discharged July 21, 1865. MILLER, CHARLES R., Adrian. First Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Capt., Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out Jurte 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLER, CHARLES S., Rockland. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Maj. 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Killed in action near Bethesda Church, Va., June 3, 1864. MILLER, CLEMENT F., Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Resigned Mar. 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. MILLER, GEORGE, Pokagon. Capt, 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Mar. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged. MILLER, HARRISON, Ingham. Entered service Dee. 2, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 14th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 4, 1863, First Lt, Dee. 29, 1864. Mustered out as 2d Lt. Mar. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLER, HENRY, Saginaw. Capt. 5th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Honorably discharged Feb. 18, 1863. MILLER, HENRY E,, Jackson. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 17th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 14, 1863. Not mustered as an officer. Hoiioiably discharged May 20, 1865. MILLER, HOBART, Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Fir.^t Lt. and Adjt. 9th Cav., Dec, 5, 1862. Resigned Mar. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. MILLER, JACOB W., Fentonville. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 18, 1864. Honorably discharged June 6, 1865. MILLER, MARSHALL M., Coldwater. Entered service Oct. 19, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. P, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Mar. 15, 1864. Wounded in action at Marietta, Ga., June 27, 1864, First Lt., Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably d.scharged. MILLER, MARVIN, Corunna. Second Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. MILLER, PHILIP D., Schoolcraft. Entered service Sept. 11, 1862, as Hosp'l Stew'd 25th Inf'y, Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Ass't Surg., Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLER, SHIRK, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Aug. 17, 1865. MILLER, WILLIAM H., Berrien. Entered sei-vice Oct. 11, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 12lh Inf'y. First Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Resigned May 31, 1865, and honorably "dis- charged. MILLERD, MELANCTHON, Adrian. Second Lt., 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 11, 1866, and honorably discharged. MILLERSII.\UM, STEPHEN W., St. Clair. Entered service Mar. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1805. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dibcharged Mar. 25, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 889 • MILLS, LEONID AS E., Coldwater. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Eesierned June 23, 1862. Pvt. Comp'y H, 11th Inf'y, Jan. 19, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., Mar, 16, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLS, LUCIUS F., Ionia. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Capt., July 14, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MILLS, HIEAM R., Saline. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 20th Inf'v, . Ass't Surg. 8th Cav., Mar, 30, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. MILLS, SAMUEL C, Coldwater. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'i Comp'y C, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned June 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. MILLS, WM. H., Kalamazoo. Entered service Dec. 13, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Cav, First Lt., July 24, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. MINAHAN, JAMES, Eedford. Entered service Aug. 28, 1863. Serg't Maj. 10th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 22, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Capt., Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. MINER, WILLIAM P., Moscow. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Sept. 24, 1861. Resigned Feb. 19, 1862, and honorably discharged, MINER, IRVIN S,, Hudson, Entered service Aug. 29, 1864, as Seig't Comp'y B, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 9, 1865. First Lt., Aug. 8, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. MINTY, ROBERT H. G., Detroit. Maj. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Lt. Col. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Col. 4th Cav., July 31, 1862. Bvt. Brig. Gen. and Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and distinguished service during the war," Mustered out Aug, 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. MITCHELL, GILBERT, Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Cav. First Lt, Feb. 20, 1865, Transferred to 136th U, S, Col'd Troops, June 22, 1865. No further record. MITCHELL, LEVI J., Detroit. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Oct. 24, 1863, and honorably discharged, MITCHELL, JOHN, Palmyra, Entered service Nov. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. MIX, FRANK W., Allegan. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 26, 1862. First Lt., May 25, 1862. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Maj., Feb. 18, 1863. Wounded in action near Lovejoy Station, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864. Resigned Nov. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. MIX, ELISHA, Manlius. Capt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Maj., Mar. 2, 1863. Lt. Col., Ap'l 16, 1864. Not mustered as Lt. Col. Taken prisoner during Stoneman's raid, Aug. 2, 1864. Exclianged Sept. 27, 1864. Col., Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged, Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, 1865, "for long, faithful, and meritorious service." MIZNER, JOHN K., Detroit. Cadet M. A., 1852. Bvt. Second Lt. 2d U. S. Dragoons, July 1, 1856. Second Lt., Feb. 28, 1857. First Lt., May 9, 1861. Capt., Nov. 12, 1861. Col. 3d Mich. Cav., Mar. 7, 1862. Bvt. Maj. U. S. A., Oct. 4, 1862, " for gal- lant and meritorious service at the battle of Corinth, Miss." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., •June 12, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious service in action at Pinola, Miss." Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols., Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out of volunteer service, Feb. 12, 1866. Maj. 4th U. S. Cav., Jan. 26, 1869. Now in service. MIZNER, HENRY R., Detroit. Capt. 18th U. S. Inf'y, ISIay 14, 1861. Col. 14th Mich. Inf'y, Nov. 11, 1862. Bvt. Maj. U. S. A., Dec. 31, 1862, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Sept. 1, 18(54, " for gallant and meritorious service during the Atlanta campaign, and in the battle 890 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. of Jonesboro, Ga." Bvt. Bri^. Gen. U. S. Vols., Mar, 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during tlie war." Mustered out of volunteer service July 18, 1865. Maj. 20th U. S. Inf'y, Feb. 22, 1869. Transfer-red to 12th U. S. Inf'y, Mar, 15, 1869. Transferred to 8th U. S. Inf'y, May 14, 1877. Lt. Col. 10th Inf'y, Dec, 15, 1880, Now in service, MIZNEE, WILLIAM London, Entered service Aug. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOASE, CHAELES, Burr Oak, Second Lt. 1st Three Months Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Aug, 24, 1861, Eesigned Feb. 14, 1862. Eeappointed Feb. 15, 1862. Eesigned November 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. MOGK, GEOEGE C, Ann Arbor. First Lt. 1st Three Months Inf'y, May 1, 1861. First Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Taken prisoner at Bull Eun, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Ex- changed, . Capt., Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MOLLOY, JOHN, Grand Eapids. Entered service Oct. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., July 17, 1863. First Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Transferred to 1st Cav., Sept. 17, 1865. Died of consumption from exposure while in service at Fort Bridger, U. T., Feb. — , 1866. MOLSBEEEY, WM. F., Buchanan. First Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Eesigned Oct, 15, 1862, and honorably discharged, MONEOE, DAVID S. Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug, 11, 1862, Serg't Comp'y H, 2()th Inf'v, . Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 30, 1865. MONEOE, CHAELES, Bay City. Second Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. First Lt., July 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. MONTAGUE, CALVIN S., Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 2d Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Wounded in action at Jaclcson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Capt. 1st Mich. (102d U. S.) Colored Troops, Mar. 11, 1864. Maj., June 19, 1865. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vols., Sept. 30, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious conduct." Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MONTEITH, GEOEGE, Adrian. First Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Eesigned, Sept. 28, 1862. Capt. 4th Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1863. Eesigned May 31, 1864. Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. Vols., Ap'l 20, 1864. Eesigned Jan 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MONTGOMEEY, PETEE D., Eaton Eapids. First Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Capt., Sept. 1st, 1862. Wounded in action May 27, 1863. Eesigned Aug. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged. MONTGOMEEY, CAMPBELL, Detroit. Second Lt. 14th Inf'v, Nov. 18, 1861. First Lt. and Adjt. 23d Infy, Sept. 9, 1862. Eesigned July 15, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. MONTGOMEEY, JOHN S., Eaton Eapids. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Capt., Jan. 26, 1863. Wounded m action May 10, 1863. Eesigned Ap'l 22, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. MONTGOMEEY, GEOEGE L., Lansing. Capt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. On detached service at muster out of regiment. MONTGOMEEY, EOBEET B., Aurelius. Entered service Mar. 26, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 7th Cav. Second Lt., 8th Cav., to rank from Jan. 27, 1864. First Lt., Dec. -31, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOODY, SAMUEL, Houghton. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Maj., Dec. 17, ISfiS. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Died June 20, 1864, of wounds received in action at Bothesda Church, Va., Juno 3, 1864. MOODY, WILLIAM J., Coldwator. Entered service July 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 1st liif'y, . Second Lt., July 15, 1665. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 9, 1865, MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 891 MOON, SETH K., Otisco. Capt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Ap'l 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. MOON, EMERY P., Otisco. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 2d, 1S64. V/ounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May — , 18G4. First Lt., Nov. iS, 1864. Capt., Jan. 1, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and raeritorious service during the war." Mustered out May 25, 18G6, and honorably discharged. MOON, EGBERT A., Big Rapids. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner in action at Charleston, Va., Oct. 18, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOONEY, ROBERT, Greenville. First Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. MOORE, DANIEL C, Lyons. First Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Capt., Sept. 22, 1662. Resigned May 14, 1863, and honorably discharged. MOORE, DANIEL M., Rome. Entered service Sept. 27, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . First Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. Capt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOORE, EEMAN N., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Ap'l 21, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Capt. 7th Cav., Nov. 26, 1862. Resigned June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOORE, JOHN S., Niles. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 9, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1863. Capt., July 30, 1863. Wounded in action July 30, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. ilOORE, MALCOLM M., Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, "* 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Taken prisoner at Charleston, Va., Oct. 18, 1863. Escaped Ap'l 1, 1865. First Lt., May 23, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for iiallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out as Second Lt., Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOORE, ORLANDO H.. Schoolcraft. Second Lt. 6th U. S. Inf'y, June 27, 1856. First Lt., M;ir. 2, 1861. Capt., May 26, 1861. Lt. Col. 13th Mich. Inf'y, Dec. 28, 1861. Re.signed Volunteer commit-sion, July 4, 1862. Col. 25th Mich. Inf'y, Aug. 18, 1862.. Bvt. Maj. U. S. A., July 4, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious serviceat Tebb's Bend, Ky." Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out of volunteer service June 24, 1865. Maj. 6th U. S. Inf'y, June 8, 1874. Now in service. MOORE, WILLIAM C, Medina. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Wounded and taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Ex- chcuiged, . First Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Capt., Nov. 24, 1862. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOORES, EMIL Detroit. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Capt, Mar. 6, 1862. Re- signed Ap 1 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. MORAN, GILBERT J., Grosse Point. Entered service Oct. 23, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 15th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOREHOUSE, THOMAS B., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 2(lth Inf'y, . First Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOREHOUSE, JESSUP, Flint. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y A, 2d Cav. Dibcliaryed for disability May 5, 1863. Reentered service Sept. 13, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y D, 10th tav. Second Lt., Ap'l 13, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 18, lb65. Mustered outNov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. MORELOCK, FRANK, St. Joseph. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, lath Int'y, . Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 10, 1865. 893 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MOREY, SAMUEL, Rome. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1863. Resigned Mar. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. MORGAN, JAMES S., Muslcegon. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 23, 1863. Capt., Oct. 19, 1863. Taken prisoner at Campbell's Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. Released . Mustered out as First Lt. Jan. 8, 1865. Capt. 13th Inf'y, to rank from Nov. 28, 1864. Died May 31, 1865. MORRIS, SYLVESTER L., Dowagiac. Ass't Surg. 5th Cav., Sept. 8, 1863. Surg., Oct. 23, 1863. Resigned July 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. MORRIS, THOMAS E., East Saginaw. First Lt. and Adjt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 22, 1861. Maj. 15th Inf'y, Aug. 21, 1862. Resigned May 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. MORRISON, WALTER B., Grand Rapids. Entered service as Hosp'l Stew'd 3d Inf'y, June 10, 1861. Ass't Surg. Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned June 14, 1863, and honorably discharged. MORROW, HENRY A., Detroit. Pvt. Comp'y C, Watson's Regiment, D. C, and Mary- land Vol's, May 18, 1846. Discharged May 30, 1847. Col. 24th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilder- ness, Va., May 5, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 1, 1864, "for gallant and distinguished sei'vice during the present campaign before Richmond, Va." Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., Feb. 6, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Geu. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for distinguished and conspicuous gallantry and for good conduct before Peters- burg, Va." Mustered out July 19, 1885. Lt. Col. 36th U. S. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Col., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of H.itcher's Run, Va., Feb. 6, 1865. Transferred to 13th U. S. Inf'y, Mar. 15, 1869. Col. 21st U. 5. Inf'y, Ap'l 27, 1879. Now in service. MORSE, ALLEN B., Ionia. Entered service July 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 16th Inf'y. First Lt. 21st Inf'y, Dec. 16, 1862. Adjt., Feb. 3, 1863. Wounded "in action at Mission Ridge, Tenn. Nov. 25. 1863, while on staff duty as Act'g Ass't Adjt. Geu., losing left arm. Resigned Sept. 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. MORSE, FRANK H., St. Clair. Entered service Nov. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MORSE, WILLIAM R., Flint. Capt. 2d Inf y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Wounded at Williamsl.urg Va., May 5, 1862. Resigned Aug. 22, 1863, to accept appointment in Vet. Reserve Corps. No further record. MORSE, WILLIAM B., St. Clair. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Resigned June 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. MORSMAN, JOHN J., Coldwater. Entered service July 28, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged June 10, 1865. MORTHLAND, DAVID L., Ypsilanti. Entered service July 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 17th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dischaj-ged June 3, 1865. MORTON, RICHARD T., Constantino. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Mar. 6, 1862, and honorably discliarged. MORTON, ANDREW N., Chelsea. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 2()th Infy, . Wounded in action May 12, 1864. Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mus- tered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 30, 1865. MORTON, JOHN, Ionia. Second Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 17, 18 ;2. Capt., Jan. 15, 1863. Resigned Sept. 24, 1863, and honorably discharged. Bvt. ..uij. 'D. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battles of Perry ville, Chaplin Hills, and Stone River, Tenn." MORTON, GEORGE, . Entered service Aug. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S. Second Lt., Sept. 23, 1862. Not mustered as an officei". Date of discharge not known. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 893 MOSHEE, JAMES P., Ann Arbor. Entered service Oct. 11, 1862, as Serg't Oomp'y K, 2Gfch Inf'y. Second Lt., July 31, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Dec. 2, 1864. MOTHERSILL, PHILIP, Holly. Entered service Aug. U, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 5th Cav. Second Lt., July 3, 1863. Wounded in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1864. Wounded in action at Hawes's Shop, Va., May 28, 1864. First Lt, Oct. 28.1864. Capt., Feb. 1, 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out as First Lt., June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOTT, JUDD M., Detroit. Capt. 1st Lancers, Sept. 30, 1861. Mustered out Mar. 20, 1862. Capt. 16th Inf'y, to rank from Sept. 30, 1861. Wounded and taken prisoner at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Released Aug. 12, 1862. Wounded in action at Middleburg, Va., June 21, 1863. Died June 28, 1863, of wounds received June 21, 1863. MOTTRAM, CHARLES V., Kalamazoo. Surg. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Dec. 23, 1864. MOULTON, GEORGE H., Coldwater. Second Lt. Batt. M, 1st Light Art., July 16, 1863. Fii'St Lt., Oct. 26, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MOULTON. CHARLES, St. Joseph. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 6th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. First Lt., Aug. 23, 1864. Capt. Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honoraibly discharged. MOWRY, JOSEPH E., Ann Arbor. Entered»service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 20th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 27, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 28, 1863. Resigned May 6, 1865. and honorably discharged. MOYERS, GILBERT, Allegan. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Maj., Feb. 27, 1862. Lt. Col., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Deo. 2, 1864, and honorably discharged. MOYNAHAN, JAMES, Copper Harbor. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 6, 1864. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, . Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. Capt., May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. MUDGE, MELVIN, Quincy. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Lt. Col., Jan. 7, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. MUHLBURG, FRANC, Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 3d Infy. First Lt. oth Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1864. Wounded in action May 5, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. MULFORD, WILLIAM J., Port Huron. Entered service Aug. 26, 1864. Serg't Maj., 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 12. 1865. First Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. MULLEVEY, WILLIAM, St. Joseph, Mo. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. MULLOY, JAMES, Livingston. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Resigned July 29, 1861, and honorably discharged. MUMA, CHARLES A., Flint. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Maj. 23d Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1864. Fkst Lt., Nov. 12. 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. MUMFORD, FREDERICK A., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15,1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 9th Inf'y. Serg't Maj., . Second Lt., Aug. 22, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 23, 1864. Resigned Feb. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. MUNGER, HENRY C, Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y L, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 10, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honor- ably discharged. €94 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. MUNGEE, GEORGE, Dundee. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 7th Infy. . First Lt., Mar. 2, 1864. Taken prisoner in action at Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 25, 1864. Exclianged, . Capt., Oct. 5, 1864, Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. HUNGER, WILLIAM, Prairie Ronde. Entered service Nov. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 12th Infy, . Second Lt., Nov. 15, 1864. First Lt., May 31, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. MUNSON, JOHN, Decatur. Entered service Nov. 30, 1863. Serg't Comp'y K, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 4, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. MURCH, WILLIAM, Paw Paw. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Eug's and Mech's. Discharged for disability Ap'l 21, 1862. Second Lt. 13th Infy, Jan. 11, 1864. Resigned May 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. MURDOCK, GEORGE W., Ann Arbor. Entered service Mar. 7, 1865. Hosp'l Stew'd 15th Infy, . Ass't Surg., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honor- ably dischai'ged. MURDOCH, GEORGE H., Berrien Springs. Capt. 1st S. S., Oct. 1, 1863. Wounded in action near Petersburg. Va., June 17, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Dec. 2, 1864, "for gallant service at the Battle of Spottsylvania, Va., and during the present campaign before Richmond, Va." Resigned Dec. 6, 1864, and honorably discharged. MURPHY, EDWARD, Three Rivers. Capt. 11th Infy, Mar. 1, 1865. Resigned Aug. 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. MURPHY, ISAIAH C, Buchanan. Entered service Feb. 18, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 12th Infy, . Second Lt., Jan. 7, 1865. Resigned June 7, 1865, and honorably discharged, MURPHY, PATRICK, Flint. Entered service Aug. 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 8, 1865. MURPHY, SAMUEL F., Allegan. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y L, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Dec. 11, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MURRAY, CHARLES R., Birmingham. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Jan. 25, 1863. Honoi'ably discharged June — , 1864. MURRAY, SAMUEL D., Muskegon. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Infy, . First Lt. 5th Infy, June 10, 1864. Capt., Sept. 19, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability as First Lt., Jan. 10, 1865. MURRAY, CHESTER J., Marshall. Entered service Nov. 20, 1862. Serg't Maj. 8th Cav., . Capt. 1st Mich. (102d U. S.) Col'd Infy, Mar. 24, 1864. Honorably dis- charged Feb. 3, 1865. MYERS, JOSEPH W., Detroit. Entered service Nov. 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 14th Infy. Second Lt., July 4, 1862. First Lt., May 30, 1863. Adjt., July 3, 1863. Capt., July 10, 1864. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. MYERS, EDWARD, Lansing. Chap. 1st Three Months Infy, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. MYERS, JOHN M., CassopoUs. Entered service Autr. 9, 1862. Q. M. Serg't 19th Infy, . First Lt. and Q. M., June 15, 1865. Not mustei-ed as an ofhcGr. Honorably discharged June 10, 1865, MYERS, FREDERICK, Houghton. Capt. 27th Infy, Oct. 10, 1862. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Maj., July 8, 1864. Honorably discharged for dis- abihty May 15, 1865. MYLER, WILLIAM H., Detroit. Entered service Aug, 13, 1861. Serg't Comp'y M, 1st Cav,, . Second Lt. Mar. 7, 1865. First Lt., July 10, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. B95 NAIRN, GEORGE K., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Q. M. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Bvt. Capt. :ind Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. NALL, HENRY W., Detroit. First Lt. 7th Inf'y, July 1, 1861. Capt., May 10, 1862. Maj. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 17, 1863. NASH, GEORGE J., Volinia. Entered service Feb. 24, 1863. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light An., . Second Lt., Mar. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. NASH, WILLIAM H., New York City. Capt. Comp'y K, 1st U. S. S. S., July 7, 1862. Taken prisoner in aciion, May 6, 1864. Exchanged, . Honorably discharged Mar. 14, 1865. NASH, ALFRED, Trenton. Ass't Surg. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Captured at second Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. Exchanged, , Surg. 9th Cav., Dec. 1, 1862. Honor- ably discharged for disability Dec. 12, 1864. NASH, ALBERT H„ Paw Paw. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Dec, 24, 1862. Resigned Feb, 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. NASH, CHARLES P., Muskegon. Chap. 7th Cav., Sept. 6, 1863. Mustered out Dec, 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. NAVARRE, ALEX. T., Monroe. Entered service Jan. 26, 1864. Q. M. Serg't 7th Inf y. . First Lt. and Adjt., Nov. 4, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. NEAL, CARLTON. Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 3d Inf'y, July 1, 1861. Second Lt. Batt, L, 1st Light Art., Nov, 3, 1862. Capt., Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. NEFF, WILLIAM, Monguagon. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Oct. 15, 1863. NEFF, CADY, Trenton. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Feb. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. NEGUS, EDWARD L., Chelsea. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y D, 1st (3 months; Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'v B, 1st Cav., Aug. 30, 1861. ■ Second Lt., Sept. 7, 1862. First Lt., May 18, 1863. Capt.', Oct. 25, 1864. Mustered out Nov, 7, 1865, and honoiably discharged. NELLIS, JAMES J., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 16th Inf y. First Lt., Aug. 3, 1864. Capt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. NELSON, DOUGLAS H., Isabella City. Entered service, . Serg't Comp'y M, Ist Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Jan. 24,1863. First Lt., Dec. 8, 1863. Re- signed Mar. 11, 1864, an.l honorably discharged. NELSON, GEORGE, Otsego. Entered service Oct. 21, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, June 1, 1864. NELSON, THEODORE, Arcadia. Entered service July 30, 18!;2. as Serg't Comp'y D, 26th Inf'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 15, 1863. First Lt., Ap'l 26, 1864. Capt,, Dec. 19, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. NELSON, WARREN G., Pontiac. Entered service Nov. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 10th Inf'y. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. NELSON, WILBUR, Arcadia. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 8th Inf y. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Campljcll's Station, Tenn,, Nov. 16, 1863. Resigned to take effect Nov. 13, 1863. Capt. 1st .Mich., or 102d U, S. Col'd Inf'y, Mar, 22, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. NELSON, WILLIAM H., Fentonville. Hosp'l Stewd U. S. Army, . Ass't Surg, lith Inf'y, Aug, 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. 896 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. NESTER, MATHIAS, Houghton. Entered service July 27, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 9, 1865. NEVINS, WILLIAM S., Grand Eapids. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 18, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. KEVINS, HENRY M., Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 7th Cav., Jan. 1, 1863. Mustered out, date unknown. NEWBERRY, CHARLES W., Three Rivers. Entered service Ap'l 19, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. First Lt., June 24, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1,1863. Killed in action at Chickaraauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. NEWBRE, GUY, Emmet. Second Lt. 1st S. S., Mar. 20, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Oct. 22, 1864. NEWCOMBE, GEORGE K., Owosso. Capt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Maj. 7th Cav., Dec. 10, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Resigned Oct. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. NEWCOMBE, ROLAND, B. C, Blissfield. Ass't Surg. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Not mustered. NEWELL, GEORGE E., Flint. First Lt. 8th Inf'y, Sept. 21, 1861. Capt, Sept. 10, 1862. Resigned Mar. 10, 1863, and honorably discharged. NEWELL, MINOR S., Flushing. First Lt. and Q. M. 16th In'f'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Mus- tered out Sept. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. NEWELL, CASTLE L., Clayton. Entered service July 29, 1862. Serg't Maj. 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. NEWELL, CICERO, Ypsilanti. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt., Ap'll, 1862. Maj. 10th Cav., Aug. 19, 1862. Wounded in action at Clifton, Miss., Feb 10, 1863. Resigned Jan. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. NEWKIRK, ROBERT R., Adrian. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. First Lt, June 28, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. NEWMAN, JOSEPH J., Owosso. First Lt 7th Cav., Oct 15, 1862. Capt, July 31, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Feb. 27, 1865. NEWMAN, GEORGE S., Detroit Entered service as Pvt. Comp'y F. 17th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 4, 1862. Wounded in action at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. First Lt, May 13, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability June 30, 1864. NIBLACK, JAMES W., Hillsdale. Ass't Surg. 27th Inf'y, Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. NICHERSON, ANDREW, Hastings. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt, Aug. 5, 1862. First Lt., Oct 20, 1862. Capt., Nov. 1, 1863. Killed in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. NICHOLS, LEMUEL R., Oxford. Entered service Oct 23, 1863. Serg't Comp'y 0, Ist S. S., . First Lt, Nov. 20, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. NICHOLS, H. WALTER, Ann Arbor. Entered service Oct 7, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt, May 25, 1862. First Lt, Mar. 31, 1863. Mustered out Ap'l 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. NICHOLS, JONAS H., Albion. Entered service Oct 21. 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 12th Inf'y. Second Lt, Mar. 19, 1864. First Lt, June 18, 1864. Capt, Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discluuged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 897 NICHOLS, ASAHEL W., Lansing. Capt. 1st S. S., May 8, 1863. Maj., Oct. 18, 1864. Lt. Col., Mar. 7, 1865. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for conspicuous gallantry in the assault before Peters- burg, Va." Honorably discharged June 2, 1865. NICHOLS, FRANKLIN P., Ionia. Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned July 13, 1864, and honorably discharged. NICHOLSON, HARMON F., Joliet, 111. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 18&1. Capt., June 1, 1862. Maj., Mar. 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. NICHOLSON, PETER, Wayne. Entered service Nov. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 4, 1863. Fu-st Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 18, i865, and honorably discharged. NIMS, FREDERICK A., Monroe. Entered service Aug. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y 0, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 12, 1864. First Lt.. Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. NIMS, HANNIBAL H., Lexington. First Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Capt., July 5, 1862. Died Sept. 3, 1864, of wounds received in action at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. NIMOCKS, CHARLES A., Jonesville. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 7th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 2, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 7, 1864. Mustered out as First Lt. Oct. 5, 1864, and honorably discharged. NIXON, EDWARD S., Grand Rapids. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. NOBLE, WILLIAM R., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 27, 1862. Serg't Maj. 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 27, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Nov. 17. 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mus- tered out June 22, 18G5, and honorably discharged. NOBLE, WILLIAM, Detroit Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 17, 1862. Fu;st Lt. and Adjt., Dec. 1, 1862. Killed in action at Knosville, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1863. NOLAN, MICHAEL, Mt. Clemens. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y L, 3d Cav. Second Lt., June 9, 1862. Honorably discharged Aug. 24, 1864. NORRIS, CLINTON F., Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 18th lut'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 23, 1865. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. NORRIS, WILLIAM M., Coldwater. Entered service July 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1863. Capt. Oct. 28, 1864. Resigned as Second Lt. Nov. 4, 1864, and honorably discharged. NORTH, WILLIAM O., Lapeer. Supernumerarv Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862, First Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. Capt., July 3, 1863. ' Killed in action near Winchester, Va.. Sept. 19, 1864. NORTH, CYRUS, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 10, 1862. Serg't Comp'y P, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., May 23, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out May 11, 1866, and honorably discharged. NORTH, MYRON T., Farmington. Entered service July 23, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dischcUH-ed June 26, 1865, NORTHRUP, HENRY H., Flint. Chap. 13th Inf'y, Mar, 21, 1862. Resigned Oct. 26, 1862, and honorably discharged. NORTON, WARREN A., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Corp'l Comp'y H, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Nov. 10, 1862. First Lt., May 25, 1863. Capt., July 8, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 1, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry in the assault before Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. 113 898 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR NORTON, SEQUESTER K., Adrian. Entered service July 23, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. NORTON, GEORGE W., Eaton Rapids. Entered service July 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., Nov. 4, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. NORTON, EDWIN C, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Maj., 24th Inf'y. First Lt., Dec. 24, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Capt., July 9, 1863. Taken prisoner at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Paroled Mar. — , 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. NORTON, ELLIOTT M., Way land. Entered service Nov. 21, 1862. Serg't Maj. 6th Cav., . Second Lt, July 1, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., Jan. 4, 1865. Wounded by Indians, Sept. 4, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. NORVELL, FREEMAN, Detroit. Capt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned June 14, 1862. Maj. 5th Cav., Aug. 27, 1862. Lt. Col., Dec. 1, 1862. Col., Dec. 31, 1862. Resigned Feb. 27, 1863. Capt. and Ass't Adj't Gen. U. S. Vol's, May 8, 1863. Resigned May 10, 1864, and honorably discharged. NORVELL, EDWIN F., Detroit. Second Lt. 1st Cav., July 29, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. Bvt. Capt. and Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritor- ious service daring the campaign of 1864 in the Shenandoah Valley, Va." Mustered out Ap'l 11, 1866, and honorably discharged. NORVELL, DALLAS, Detroit. First Lt. and Com. 5th Cav., Jan. 6, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 10, 1863. NORVELL, JOHN M., Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 30, 1861. Maj., Aug. 22, 1862. Bvt. Lt. Col., U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 9, 1865, "for meritorious service in the recent campaign terminat- ing with the surrender of the insurgent army under Gen. R. E. Lee." Resigned June 21, 1865. First Lt. 31st U. S. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Capt. and Maj., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battles of Gettysburg, and Wil- derness." Unassigned May 15, 1869. Assigned to 12th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1871. Capt., Jan. 31, 1874. Now in service. NORVELL, ALFRED 0., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Com. Serg't 23d Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 19, 1862. Resigned Mar. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. NORVILLE, HENRY C. Saginaw City. Capt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Died of disease Oct. 3, 1862. NOTEMAN, DAVID, Coldwater. First Lt., 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned for dis- ability June 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. NOYES, KIRKE W., West Haven. Entered service Dec. 27, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 1st S. S. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. First Lt., July 15, 1864. Wounded ua action at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Wounded and taken prisoner in action at Peebles's Farm, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Paroled Feb. 22, 1865. Exchanged . Capt.. Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. NUGENT, EDWARD B., Saginaw. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt., June 9, 1862. Maj., Sept. 22, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. NUHFER, ANDREW, Cleveland, 0. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt, Nov. 23, 1864. First Lt, July 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. NUNNELY, GEORGE, Mt. Clemens. Entered service Nov. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 8th Cav. Second Lt, May 14, 1864. Mustered out Sept 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. NUTE, JOSEPH R.. Milford. Entered service July 31, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 22d Inf'y. Second Lt, June 7, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Millen, Ga., Oct. 8, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 899 NYE, EDGAR A, Romeo. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 20, 1864. Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864.' NYE, ALBERT Mt. Clemens. First Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Capt., Dec. 10, 1861. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 23, 1862. NYHAN, A. J., Bangor. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comn'y G, 19th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 1, 1864. Taken prisoner Oct. 27, 1864. 'Paroled . Resigned Ap'l 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. OAKES, DAVID, Jr., Centreville. Capt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Died of disease at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Jan. 30, 1863. OAKLEY, CHARLES, Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., Ap'l 3, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died at Milford, Va., May 25, 1864, of wounds received in action at North Anna River, Va., May 24, 1864, OAKLEY, FRANCIS M, York. Ass't Surg. 25th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Honorably dis- charged for disability Feb. 23, 1864. O'BRIEN, LYSTER M., Detroit. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 29, 1864. Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. Adjt., May 5, 1864. Capt., Nov. 17, 18d4. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's. Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritor- ious service before Petersburg, Va." Clustered out July 26, 1865. Second Lt. 16th U. S. Infy, May 11, 1866. Transferred to 25th U. S. Infy, Sept. 21, 1866. First Lt., Sept. 21, 1867. Unassigned Ap'l 26, 1869. Assigned to 17th Inf'y, Dec. 15, 1870. Capt., Mar. 22, 1879. Now in service. O'OALLAHAN, JOHN W., Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. First Lt. and Adj't, A. ay 20, 1862. Capt., July 18, 1862. Resigned June 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. O'CONNOR, MAURICE, Detroit. Entered service Dec. 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 27lh Infy, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged July 26, 1865. O'CONNOR, JOHN, St. Clair. Entered service July 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Infy, . Second Lt., July 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged to take effect July 9, 1865. ODELL, HIRAM M, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861, as Sergt Comp'y A, 1st Cav. Second Lt., May 18, 1863. Mustered out Sept. — , 1863, and honorably dis- charged. O'DONNELL, CHARLES W., Northville. Entered ser\iceAug. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 16, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 13, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt. June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. O'DONNELL, WILLIAM, Saginaw. First Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned Jan. 30, 1862, to accept position as Capt. and Add'l Aid-de-camp to Gen. J. H. Lane. Discharged Mar. 21, 1862. Maj.- 26th Inf'y, Oct. 13, 1862. Died of disease at Ports- mouth, Va., May 14, 1863. O'DONNELL, MALACHI I., Detroit. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Capt., Dec. 24, 1862. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. O'DONOUGHUE, WILLOUGHBY, Albion. Ass't Surg. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864. Surg, same regiment, Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. OHLS, HENRY J., Dowagiac. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 19th Inf'y, . First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. OLIPHANT, DAVID, Detroit. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Capt., Dec. 3, 1862. Wounded in action at Brandy Station, Va., Oct. 13, 1863. Died June 4, 1864, of wounds received in action at Hawes's Shop, Va., May 28, 1864. OLIVE, ISAAC, Oxford. Entered service Nov. 16, 1861. Serg't Comp'v I. 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 14, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. 900 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. OLIVER, JOHN M., Monroe. First Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Capt., Sept. 25, 1861. Col. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 15, 1862. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Jan. 12, 1865. Bvt. Maj. Gen. U, S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and eflficient service during the war." Mus- tered out Aug, 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. OECUTT, BENJAMIN F., Kalamazoo. Lt. Col. 25th Inf'y, Sept. 24, 1862. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. O'EIORDAN, CALLAHAN H., Detroit. Entered service May 28, 1861, as Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1862. Discharged for disability, July 29, 1862. Capt. 13th Batt., Feb. 2, 1864. Resigned June 11, 1864, and honorably discharged. OEMSBY, ALBERT M., Kalamazoo. Entered service July 19, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, Ist Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged July 9, 1865. OSBORN, CHARLES Y., Owosso. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862. Serg't Maj. 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Aug. 18, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 2, 1863. Wounded in action at Hawes's Shop, Va., May 28, 1864. Capt., Aug. 9, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 28, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war. " OSBORN, CHARLES A., North Newberg. Ass't Surg. 11th Cav., Aug. 27, 1863. Re- signed for disability, Nov. 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. OSBORN, WILLIAM L. M., Adrian. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. First Lt., Feb. 1, 1864. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. OSGOOD, GEORGE H., Grand Haven. Entered service Nov. 24, 1861, Q. M. Serg't 3d Cav., . Second Lt,, Nov. 1, 1862. FirstLt. and Q, M,, Dec. 13, 1862. Resigned Oct. 31, 1864, and honorably discharged, OTIS, NORMAN L„ Union City, Chap. 8th Cav., June 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1855, and honorably discharged. O'TOOLE, P. WILLIAM, Mason, Ass't Surg, 3d Cav., Aug. 27, 1863. Resigned Jan. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged, OTTMAR, JOSEPH, Manchester, Entered service June 16, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 17th Inf'y, First Lt., Oct. 22, 1864, Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably dis- charged, OWEN, EDWARD T,, Detroit, Entered service Aug, 9, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 4th Cav, Second Lt., Feb. 18, 1863. FirstLt., Mar, 31, 1863. Resigned Sept. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged, OWEN, JOHN R., Jackson. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, Serg't Comp'y C, 9th Inf'y, Sept. 9, 1861. Second Lt., Ap'l 9, 1863. First Lt,, Aug. 22, 1864. Resigned Jan. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. OWEN, WILLIAM A., Detroit, Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862, Wounded in acti at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, M. 7, 1863. OWEN, FRANK W., Adrian. Entered service Aug. 27, 1864. Serg't Comp'y D, 4thlnr>, , Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865, Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged May 26, 1866. PACKARD, CASSIUS R., Morenci. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862, as Serg't Batt. I, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Feb, 1, 1865, Mustered out July 14, 1865, and honorably discharged, PACKARD. NELSON J., Sturgis. Ass't Surg. 11th Inf'y, Oct, 28, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discliarged, PACKARD, CHARLES F., Boston, Mass. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S, Col'd Inf'y, ^p'l 19,. 1865. Mustered out Oct. 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 901 PACKER, EDWARD A., Jonesville. Entered service Dec. 11. 1862. Serg't Batt. L, Ist Light Art., . Second Lt., Sept. 26, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 22, 1865, and hon- orably disciiarged. PADDOCK, IRVING, Tiiree Oaks. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 25th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 2, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. PADDOCK, BYRON D., Coldwater. Entered service Oct. 19, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. F, 1st Light Art, Second Lt., July 1, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 5, 1862. Capt., Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out Ap'l 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. PAGE, JAMES, Lyons. Second Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1861. Resigned July 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. PAGE, JAMES M., Croton. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 6th Cav. Second Lt., May 23, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged June 21, 1865. PAINE, WILLIAM H., Eaton Rapids. Ass't Surg. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Died Aug. 5, 1863, on board steamer Westmoreland, Mississippi river. PAINE, WALDO W., Marquette. Capt. 29th Inf y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, ALONZO B., Ann Arbor. Surg. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Sept. 23, 1861. and honorably discharged. PALDI, ANGELO, Trenton. Maj. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Wounded in action at Brandy Station, Va.. Oct. 11, 1863. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. PALMER, CHARLES H., Niles. Entered service Oct. 20, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y K, 11th Cav. Second Lt., June 1, 1864. First Lt., July 20, 1865. Transferred to 8th Cav., on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PALMER, DAVID G., Jackson. First Lt. and Q. M. 1st S. S., Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, ELMORE, Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 29th Inf'y, July 30, 1864. Surg., Mar. 19, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, FRANK A., Jackson. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861. Serg't Maj. 9th Inf>, . Second Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, JOHN A., Chelsea. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y D, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug, 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 4th Cav., July 19, 1862. Second Lt., June 27, 1863, First Lt., June 12, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, JOSEPH, Wright. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 2d Cav., . First Lt., Oct. 22, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably dis- charged, PALMER, LEVANT D., Hudson. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, OSCAR, Hudson. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y C, 1st U. S. S. S. Transferred to 2d U. S. S. S., Nov. 4, 1861. Hosp'l Sfcew'd, . Ass't Surg., Jan. 20, 1864. No further record. PALMER, THEODORIC R., Kalamazoo.. Capt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Maj., Feb. 26, 1863. Lt. Col., May 26, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. PALMER, THOMAS G., Kalamazoo. Entered service July 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va.,1 May 5, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. 902 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. PALMER, WALTER A., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 25, 1863. Q. M. Se.rg't lOtli Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 19, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. PALMERLEE, HEMAN, Grand Rapids. Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861, Resigned July 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. PAPST, RUDOLPH, Lexington. Entered service Oct. 25, 1861. Serg't Maj. 10th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. First Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Adjt., Feb. 24, 1865. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 31, 1865, and honorably dischai-ged. PARK, GEORGE W., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 2d Infy, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned , 1861, and honorably discharged. PARK, MARVIN A., Ypsilanti. Second Lt. 1st (3 months) Infy. May 1, 1861. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Exchanged . Mustered out Jan. 29,. 1862, and honorably discharged. First Lt. and Q. M. 26th Infy, Sept. 8, 1862. Not mustered. PARK, JOSIAH B., Ovid. Capt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Wounded in action at Win- chester, Va., Mar. 23, 1862. Maj. 4:th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 18, 1863. Resigned Nov. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. PARKER, ALFORD A., Pontiac. Second Lt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. First Lt., June 20, 1862. Resigned May 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. PARKER, N. AUGUSTUS, Ann Arbor. Entered service July 29. 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 20th Infy- Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 10, 1864. Capt., Oct. 20, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. PARKER, CHARLES A., Addison. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Feb. 3^ 1864. Resigned for disabiUty, Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. PARKER, SEWELL S., Monroe. Second Lt. 26th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 13, 1863. Capt., Oct. 12, 1863. Maj., 4th Infy, July 26, 1864. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. PARKER, SENTER S., Monroe. Entered service June 20, 1861. Com. Serg't 4th Infy, . Second Lt., July 26, 1864. Resigned Jan. 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. PARKER, THOMAS J., Allej^an. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. First Lt, Feb. 18, 1863. Resigned Dec. 21, 1864, and honorably discharged. PARKHURST, JOHN G., Coldwater. Lt, Col. 9th Infy, Sept. 10, 1861. Taken pris- oner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released Dec. 3, 1862. Col., Feb. 6, 1863. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, May 22, 1865, " for gallant, faiLhlul, and meritor- ious service." Mustered out Nov. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. PARR, HENRY C, Bellevue. Entered service Dec. 19, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 8th Cav. Second Lt., June 21, 1864. Mustered out Sept 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PARSONS, CHARLES B., Hillsdale. Second Lt. 4th Infy, May 16, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1861. Capt., July 1, 1862. Resigned Mar. 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. PARSONS, ADELBERT F., Brighton. Entered service Dec. 1, 1863. Serg't Maj. 1st Cav., . Second Lt., July 10, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably dis- charged Mar. 10, 1866. PARSONS, ORRIN, Saline. Entered service Sept. 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'v D, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 15, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. Capt., Nov. 10, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. PARSONS, LOREN G., Kalaujazoo. Entered service Sept. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'y L, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., May 23, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Nov. 24, 1865. PARTRIDGE, BENJAMIN F., Bay City. Second Lt., 1st LaiK (>rs, Oct. 12, 1861. Mustered out iMiir. 20, 1862. First Lt. 16lh liify, to rank from Oct. 12, 1861. Wounded in action at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 16, 1863. Wounded » MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 903 in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Maj., June 1, 1864. "Wounded in action at Peebles's Farm, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. Lt. Col., Sept. 30, 1864. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 30, 1864, " for distinguished service at the battle of Peebles's Farm, Va. "^ Col., Dec. 17, 1864. Wounded' in action at Hatcher's Eun, Va., Feb. 6, 1865. Wounded in action at Quaker Eoad, Mar. 31, 1865. Bvt. Brig. Gen. TJ. S. Vol's, Mar. 31, 1865, " for gallant conduct at the action at White Oak road, Va., Mar. 29, 1865." Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. PATTEN, WILLIAM H., Detroit, First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt., May 12, 1862. Wounded in action May 22, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Aug. 19, 1862, PATTEN, CHAELES H., Grand Eapids, First Lt. and Q. M., 6th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Eesigned for disability, Dec. 11, 1864, and honorably discharged. PATTEN, LOVINUS H., Prairie Eonde, Entered service Dec. 20, 1862, Corp'l Comp'y F, 8Lh Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1864. First Lt., Dec, 1, 1864, Mustered out Sept, 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. PATTEESON, STEPHEN, Galesburg. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, Serg't Comp'y I, 7th Infy, . Second Lt., Oct. 5, 1864. First Lt,, to rank from Ap'l 20, 1864. Died of wounds received in a skirmish Mar. 29, 1865. PATTEESON, WILLIAM H., Houghton. Second Lt. 23d Infy, Aug, 1, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 13, 1863. Capt., Oct. 6, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. PATTEESON, DAVID H., Grass Lake. Second Lt. 26th Infy, Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., July 31, 1863, Q, M., Ap'l 6, 1864, Honorably discharged for disability, Dec, 22, 1864. PATTEESON, JOHN Q., Ovid. Second Lt. 27th Infy, Dec. 20, 1863. First Lt., May 5, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., Dec. 7, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Ap'l 28, 1865. PATTEESON, ANDEEW J., Owosso. Capt, 29th Infy, July 29, 1864, Mustered out Sept, 6, 1865, and honorably discharged, PATTISON, HOLMES A., Colon. Chap. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. PAXSON, EEASTUS B., Saginaw, Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, Serg't Maj. 10th Infy, , First Lt., Nov. 16. 1864, Capt,, May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged, PAYNE, SANDFOED D., St. Clair. Entered service Nov. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 8th Cay. Second Lt., Dec. 31. 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. PAYSON, ALBEET L., Schoolcraft. Chap. 25th Infy, Sept. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEABODY, THOMAS H., Manchester. Entered service July 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEAECE, SAMUEL, Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Sept. 20, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 21, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Killed in action at North Anna, Va., May 24, 1864. PEAEL, LEWIS W., Benton. First Lt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861, . Capt., Sept. 1, 1862, Maj., June 10, 1865, Mustered out Feb, 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. PEAESON, HEEBEET B,, New Baltimore. Second Lt. 22d Infy, July 31, 1862. Ee- signed June 5, 1863, and honorably discharged, PEASE, PEEEY L., Detroit. Entered service July 7, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 4th Cav, Second Lt., Jan. 28, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. 904 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. PEASE, BENJAMIN F., Flint. Entered service Aug. 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 8th Inf y, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PEAVY, LYFOED, Marshall. First Lt. 1st Inf'y, Sept. 15, 1861. Died of disease at Baltimore, Md., Nov. 30, 1861. PECK, ARVINE, LoweU. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2. 1861. Resigned Ap'l 29, 1862, and honorably discharged. PECK, CARLTON, Albion. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 31, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. PECK, ABIJAH W., Muskegon. First Lt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned May 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEEL, HENRY A., Detroit. Capt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned May 5, 1862, and honorably discharged. PEET, WILLIAM R., Coldwater. Entered service May 28, 1861. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., May 25, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. PELTON, SILAS M., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861 as Pvt. Comp'y B, 3d Inf'y. First Lt., Jan. 2, 1862. Missing in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Returned May — , 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Oct. 22, 1863. PELHAM, ABRAM, Galesburg. Second Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Fu:st Lt., July 4, 1862. Mustered out Feb. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. PENDILL, CORTEZ B., Prairieville. Entered service Aug. 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 6th Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. Capt., July 10, 1864, Not mustered. Resigned as Second Lt. on account of disability, Sept. 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. PENDLETON, DWIGHT B., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 25, 1862. Com. Sergt 5th Cav., . First Lt. and Com., Oct. 17, 1863. Taken prisoner in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 11, 1864, Exchanged , 1865. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for meritorious service." Mustered out May 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. PENNELL, ELBERT H., Superior. Second Lt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Fu-st Lt.. iVlar. 16, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. PENNIMAN, GEORGE H., Marshall. Entered service Sept. 12, 1864. Serg't Maj. 28th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Dec. 10, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 12, 1865. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865. " for meritorious service at the battle of Nashville, Tenn., and Kinston, N. C." Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. PENNINGTON, JOHN, Henrietta. Entered service Nov. 15, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 18, 1864. Fu-st Lt., Jan. 20, 1865. Adjt., June 14, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. PERCE, LE GRAND W., St. Joseph. First Lt. and Q. M. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Capt., June 21, 1862. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 10, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERKINS, HORACE T., Muir. Entered service July 31, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 21st Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 13, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PERKINS, HERMAN W., Corunna. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861. Hosp'l Stew'd 1st Eng's and Moch's, . FurstLt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERKINS, ORLANDO S., St. Johns. Entered service Feb. 20, 1864. Serg't 1st Comp'y S. S. 27tli InL'y, . Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 19, 1864. Honorably discharged Doc. 28, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 905 PERKINS, WILLIAM H., Detroit. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 186L Capt., Aug. 23, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. PERKINS, FRANKLIN, Ada. Entered service Aug. 29, 1861. Serg't Comp'v E, 2d Cav., . First Lt., Jan. 28, 1865. Capt., July 31,1865. Mustered out as First Lt., Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERKINS, MARTIN S., Coldwater. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Feb. 1, 1864. Fii-st Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. Resigned June 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERLEY, JAMES P., Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 15, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 16, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chicliamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Released, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Resigned as Second Lt., Ap'i 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEERIN, PORTER K., St. Johns. First Lt. 27th Inf'y, Dec. 20, 1863. Capt. 1st Inde- pendent Comp'y S. S., 27th Inf'y, Feb. 29, 1864. Maj. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Hon- orably discharged as Capt., Nov. 23, 1864. PERRINE, ISAAC, Je., Battle Creek. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 2d Inf'y, . First Lt., July 27, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERROTT, WILLIAM B., Buchanan. First Lt. and Q. M. 12th Inf'y, Aug. 4, 1SC2. Died at Buchanan, Mich., Mar. 14, 1864. PERROTT, JOHN, Buchanan. Entered service Oct. 15, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 12th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Fii'st Lt., June 9, 1864. Resigned Jan. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. PERRY, CHARLES P., Ypsilanti. Second Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Resigned Aug, 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. PERRY, CHARLES R., Lowell. Ass't Surg. 21st Inf'y, Aug. 26, 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863, and honorably discharged. PERRY, GLEASON F., Flint. Entered service Dec. 17, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PERRY, LEONARD E., Plainwell. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. PETTEE, HENRY H., Flint. First Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Detroit, Nov. 10, 1863, from injuries received by fall from a horse. PEW, ALFRED, Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., May 21, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 20, 1862. Capt., Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. PHEELY, WILLIAM, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 30, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 5, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. PHELPS, JOSEPH, Algonac. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y E, 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 26, 1864. Resigned July 31, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PHELPS, HORACE, Kalamazoo. Fu-st Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned July 13, 1862, and honorably discharged. PHELPS, AUGUSTUS H., Monroe. First Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned June 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. PHELPS, RALPH Z., Lapeer. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Killed, accidentaUy, Mar. 31, 1862. PHETTEPLACE, ELHANAN C, Tuscola. Second Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 28, 1861. Capt., Sept. 2, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Resigned May 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. 114 906 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. PHETTEPLACE, LUCIUS, Coldwater. Entered service July 27, 1862, as Sergr't Comp'y H, lyth Inf'y. Captured Mar. 5, 1863. Exchanged Mav — , 1863. Second Lt., May I, 1863. Capt., Oct. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PHILBEICK, BENSON, Hancoelc. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 27th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Not mustered as an oflficer. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. PHILLIPS, DAVID W,, Albion. Capt, 11th Cav., Aug, 1, 1863. Resigned Aug. 11, 1864, and honorably discharged, PHILLIPS, DELOS, Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 17th Inf'y. Bvt. 2d Lt., Oct. 17, 1862, "for gallant conduct at Antietam." Second Lt., Dec. 6, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 4, 1863. Capt., Oct. 19, 1863. Taken prisoner at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Escaped May 23, 1864. Lt. Col. 28th Inf y, Aug. 15, 1864, Declined, Eesigned as Capt. 17th Inf'y, Oct. 22, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. PHILLIPS, GEORGE W., Saranac, Second Lt, 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Eesigned July 29, 1861, and honorably discharged, PHILLIPS, JOHN J., Vienna. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 8tb Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Eesigned Dec. 15, 1863, and honorably discharged. PHILLIPS, TEAVEESE, Hastings. First Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 29, 1861. Eesigned June II, 1862, and honorably discharged. PHILLIPS, WILLIAM B., Niles. Entered service Sept. 13, 1861. Serg't Maj. 3d Cav., , Second Lt,, Mar, 1, 1862, Died of disease at New Madrid, Mo., Mar. 25, 1802. PHILLIPS, WILLIAM W,, Adrian, Capt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Eesigned Feb. 19, 1862, and honorably discharged. PHILLIPS, WILLIAM W., Ypsilanti. Entered service Aug. 1, 1861. Serg't Maj. 14th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1863, Eesiged June 4, 1863, and honorably uis- charged, PHIPPEEY, SIDNEY, North Star, Entered service Aug, 12, 1862, Serg't Comp'y D, 26th Inf'y, . First Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out to take effect June 4, 1805, and honorably discharged. PICKET, ALBEET L., Laphamsville. Entered service Nov. 14, 1861. Serg't Batt. B, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Nov. 27, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 14, 1804. Ee- signed for disability Oct. 28, 1864, and honorably discharged. PIEECE, EDWIN S., Lyons, Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Lt. Col., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Honorably discharged Jan. 20, 1864. PIEECE, BYEON E., Grand Eapids. Capt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Maj., Oct. 28, 1861. Lt. Col., July 25, 1862. Col., Jan. 1, 1863. Wounded in action at ChanceUorsville, Va., May 3, 1803. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, June 7, 1804. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 6, 1865, " for gallant service at the battle of Sailor's Creeli, Va." Mustered out Aug. 24, 1865, and honorably -discharged. PIEECE, CHAELES D., Hillsdale. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. First Lt., May 31, 1805. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1805, and honorably discharged. PIEECE, SILAS K, Grand Eapids. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 25, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, July 22, 1865, "for distinguished service." Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. PIEESON, AAEON P., Lapeer. Entered service in the 7th Inf'y band, Aug. 22, 1861. Discharged July — , 1802. Eetotered service Nov. 17, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 9th Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 5, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 26, 1864. Taken prisoner in action Oct. 28, 1864. Exchanged, . Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 90 r PIERSON, WAKNER H., Flint. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Cav.. . Second Lt., May 18, 1863. First Lt., June 14, 1864. Capt., Oct. 25, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. PIEESON, JOHN, Pontiac. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Lt. Col. 109th U. S. Col'd Troops, Aug. 30, 1864. No further I'ecord. PIERSON, HIRAM B., Jackson. Second Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned Nov. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. PIGNEY, JOHN, Eagle Biver. Entered service July 23, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 22d Inf'y. Discharged Ap'i 23, 1863. Capt. 30th Inf'y, Nov. 28, lS64. Besiyned June 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. PIKE, BOBINSON D., Bayfield, Wis., Second Lt. 1st Cav., Oct. 1, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. PILLSBUBY, THEODOBE, Hastings. Chap. 21st Inf'y, Aug. 29, 1862. Besigned Deo. 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. PINKNEY, GEORGE, Wvandotte. Entered service Aug. 16, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 24th Inf'y. First Lt., Nov. 10, 1863. Died of accidental wounds, Aug. 15, 1864. PINCKNEY, CHABLES C, Adrian. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'l 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Com. Serg't 1st Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1861. First Lt. and Q. M., Ap'l 16, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. PINCKNEY, HENBY J,, "Whitraore Lake. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Dee. 20, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 13, 1863. Capt., Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. PINCKNEY, JAMES B., Whitmore Lake. Entered service Sept. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 20, 1865. Mus- tered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. PIPEB, JOHN, Battle Creek. Capt. Western S. S., Nov. 9, 1861. Maj., 1st Mich. S. S., Nov. 24, 186^ Killed in action at Spottsylvania, Ya., May 12, 1864. PISTOBIOUS, Fred, Detroit. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Cav., Feb. 20, 1864. Honorably discharged Sept. 11, 1864. PITKIN, EDWIN P., Ann Arbor. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Adjt., Feb. 24, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Nov. 28, 1863. PITTMAN, SAMUEL E., Detroit. First Lt. 1st Inf'y, Sept. 24, 1861. Detached as A. D. C. to Gen. A. S. WiUiams, . Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vols., May 22, 1863. Be^igned Sept. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Maj. and Lt. Col., U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for meritorious service during the war." PLATT, GEOBGE, Bloomingdale. Entered service Sept. 10, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y H, 28th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1865. First Lt., Feb. 2, 1866. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. PLATT, HENBY S., Sturgis. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 11th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 12, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 10, 1862. Taken prisoner in action at Elk river, Tenn., July 1, 1863. Exchanged May 14, 1864. Capt., July 13, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. PLIMPTON, EMOBY M., Niles. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Besigned Mar. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. PLOGABT, FBANK, Cold water. First Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Capt., Sept. 12, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. PLUMB, WILLIAM H., Adrian. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Dec. 4, 1861. Wounded in action at Bull Bun 2d, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 14, 1862. Besigned Aug. 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. PLUMMEB, DANIEL, Ontonagon. Capt., 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Besigned Ap'l 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. «08 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. PLUMMER, JAMES, Detroit. First Lt. 27tli Inf'y, Ap'l i, 1863. Killed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. POE, ORLANDO M., Ohio. Cadet M. A. Sept. 1, 1852. Bvt. Second Lt. Topographical Eng's U. S. A., July 1, 1856. Second Lt., Oct. 7, 1856. First Lt., July 1, 1860. Col. 2d Mich. Inf v, Sept. 16, 1861. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Nov. 29, 1862. Resigned as Col. 2d Mich., Feb. 16, 1863. Capt. Eng's U. S. A., Mar. 3, 1863. Appointmentof Brig. Gen. Vol's expired by constitutional limitation, Mar. 4, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. A., July 6, 1864, "for gallant service at the siege of Knosville, Tenn," Chief Engineer Gen. Sherman's array, . Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A., Sept. 1, 1864, "for gallant service at the capture of Atlanta, Ga." Bvt. Col. U. S. A., Deo. 21, 1864, "for gallant service at the capture of Savannah, Ga." Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the campaign terminating with the fcu.- render of the insurgent army under Gen. J. E. Johnston." Maj. Eng's U. S. A., Mar. 7, 1867. Col. and Aid-de-camp to the General, Jan. 1, 1873. Nov/ in service. POMEROY, EDWARD, Jackson. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. First Lt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Capt., Jan. 16, 1862. KiUedin action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. POMEROY, WILLIS B., St. Clair. First Lt. 5th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned Jan. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. POMEROY, AUGUSTUS, Salem. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. POND, ALBERT C, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Musician Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Serg't Comp'y E, 9th Inf'y, Aug. 26, 1861. Serg't Maj., . Second Lt., June 23, 1862. First Lt., July 27, 1862. Capt., Sept. 20, 1864. Mus- tered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. POOLE, RANSOM F., Jackson. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 1st Inf'y, . First Lt. and Q. M., Oct. 1, 1864. Resigned June 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. POPE, GRAHAM, Houghton. First Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigiifed Feb. 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. POPE, HORACE H., Allegan. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt., June 11, 18G2. Taken prisoner at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, 1862. Exchanged, . Resigned Nov. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. PORTER, EDWIN H., Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Com. 4th Cav., Aug. 15, 1862. Re- signed Jan. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. PORTER, BYRON R., Sharon. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Com. Serg't 20th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 22, 1863. Resigned Ap'i 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. PORTER, BENJAMIN F., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Fu'StLt., Ap'l 21, 1862. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, May 14, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. PORTER, CALVIN C, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Oct. 16, lb62, and honorably discharged. PORTER, FRANCIS, Parma. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Capt., Jan. 9, 1863. Wounded in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 21, 1863. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Maj., Dec. 20, 1864. Lt. Col., Mar. 11, 1865. Mus- tered out as Maj., May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. PORTMAN, JAMES G., Lyons. Chap. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Fob. 17, 1802, and honorably discharged. POST, JARED L., Detroit. Entered service Oct. 18, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt, Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. POTTER, HENRY A., Ovid. Entered service Julv 28, 1802, as Scrii:'t Comp'y B, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Feb, 16, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Capt., Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 90& POTTEK, EDWAKD, Burchville. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Wounded and taken prisoner at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. Exchanged Mar. 1, 1865. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. POTTEE, LUCIEN B., Maple Grove. Entered service Aug. 2, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, " Merrill Horse." Second Lt., July 2, 1862, Wounded in action at Memphis, Mo., July 18, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Capt., Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. POTTEE, JAMES J., Port Huron. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862. Serg't Maj. 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. POTTEE, JOHN D., Alpena. Entered service Aug. 19, 1864. Serg't Comp'y K, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. First Lt., Ap'i 10, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. JNIustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. POWELL, FEANK, Pontiac. Capt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out Feb. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. POWEE, ALBEET L., Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 9th Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 16, 1863. Not mustered as an officer. Honorably discharged Nov. 17, 1864. POWEES, HAEVEY H., Boston. Ass't Surg. 27th Inf'y, Mar. 12, 1864. Surg." 3d Inf'y, Aug. 22, 1864. Eesigned May 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. POWEES, T. FEANK, Fentonville. Entered service Mar. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., June 21, 1864. Capt., Aug. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. POWEES, VOLNEY, Hillsdale. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, . First Lt., May 6, 1865. Wounded in action near Bradford Springs, S. C, Ap'l 19, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, CHAELES B., Marshall. Capt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. Mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, CHAELES O., Niles. Entered service Sept. 4, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Cav. First Lt. and Adjt., Mar. 28, 1864. Capt., Dec. 12, 1865. Mustered out as Adjt., Dec. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, EEASTUS A., Howell. First Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt., Oct. 1, 1862. Mustered out Dec. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. PEATT, FOSTEE, Kalamazoo. Ass't Surg. 13th Inf'y, Dec. 19, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. Surg, same regiment Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, GILBEET E., Detroit. Capt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. Taken prisoner in action June 16, 1862. Exchanged . Lt. Col, 23d Inf'y, Aug. 23, 1862. Killed, acci- dentally, Ap'l 6, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. PEATT, JAMES H., Hillsdale. First Lt. and Q. M. 18th Inf'y, Aug. 2, 1862. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, Feb. 19, 1863. Mustered out Jan. 8, 1866, and honorably dis- charj^ed. PEATT, JOHN M., Saranac. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Eesigned Feb. 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. PEATT, JOSEPH, Marquette. Entered service July 27, 1861. Corp'l Comp'y I, 1st luf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Honorably discharged Ap'l 27, 1863. PEATT, N. MINEE, Flint. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 12, 1861. First Lt. and Adjt., Nov. 15, 1861. Killed in action at Wilmington Island, Ga., Ap'l 16, 1862. PEATT, NEWELL, Greenville. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862. Com. Serg't 21st Infy, . Second Lt., June 11, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. ^10 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. PEATT, EOLLIN A., Saginaw. Entered service July 15, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 1st lafy, . First Lt., May 30, 1865. Capt., July 15, 1865. Mustered out as 1st Lt. July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, WILLIAM, Byron. Entered service Oct. 18, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 10th Inf y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEATT, WILLIA:.! A., Boston. Entered service Mar. 14, 1864. Serg't 2d Comp'y S. S., 27th Inf y, . Second Lt. 27th Inf y, Ap'l 20, 1864. Wounded in action June 30 and Aug. 21, 1864. Honorably discharged Dec. 1, 1864. PEALL, THEODOEE H., Pontiac. Second Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. First Lt., July 30, 1862. Eeslgned Jan. 30, 1863, and honorably discharged. PEENTISS, GEOEGE, Detroit. Second Lt. 16th Inf y, Aug. 9, 1861. First Lt., June 27, 1862. Honorably discharged Jan. 19, 1863. PEENTISS, JEEOME J., Marshall. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt. Nov. 3, 1864.. First Lt., Nov. 23, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEESTON, SIMON B., Hudson. First Lt. 4th Infy, May 16, 1861. Taken prisoner July 21, 1861. Exchanged, . Died June 30, 1862, of wounds received in action at Gahieb's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. PEESTON, HEMAN, Howell. Entered service Sept. 6, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 26th Inf y. Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1863, Honorably discharged for disability, Dec. 3, 1863. PRESTON, ALMON E., Battle Creek. Capt. Comp'y L, Merrill Horse, Dec. 17, 1862. Eesigned Aug. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. PEESTON, AECHIBALD S., Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 15, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 9th Infy. Second Lt. 8th Cav., Aug. 31, 1863. Taken prisoner Aug. 4, 1864, during Stoneman's raid. Exchanged May — , 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. PEICE, JOHN E., Lansing. Capt. 3d Infy, May 10, 1861. Eesigned July 26, 1861, and honorably discharged. PEICE, CHAELES A., Lansing. Entered service June 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Infy, . First Lt., May 1, 1864. Transferred to 5th Infy, June 10, 1864. Mus- tered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEINCE, AETHUE C, Grand Eapids. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861, as Sercj't Comp'y E, 21st Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 13, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 31, 1863. Capt., to rank from Jan. 13, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for very efficient serwce rendered in the recent campaigns." Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. PEITCHAED, BENJAMIN F., Eomeo. Chap. 5th Infy, Sept. 12, 1862. Discharged for disability, Dec. 5, 1863. Ee-commissioned June 10, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. PEITCHAED, BENJAMIN D., Allegan. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Wounded in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 18, 1863. Lt. Col., Nov. 26, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 10, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service in the capture of Jeff. Davis." Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. PROBASCO, JACOB O., Lyons. Entered service Sept. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'v E, 6th Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1863. First Lt., May 19. 1864. Capt., Dec. 10, 1864. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 25, 1866, and hon- orably discharged. PROCTOR, ADONIJAH H., Bellevue. Entered service Sept. 24, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y K, 28th Infy. Second Lt., Nov. 12, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. PROUDFIT, GEORGE, Jackson. Capt. 8th Infy, Sept. 24, 1861. Resigned Deo. 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 911 PKUTZMAN, EDWARD M., Three Rivers. Entered service Sept. 11, 1862, as Serg't Maj. 25th Iiif'y. Second Lt., Feb. 6, 1863. First Lt. and Adjt., June 17, 1863. Killed in action at Resaca, Ga. May 14, 1864. PUGSLEY, JOHN S., Lafayette. Entered service Au^. 6, 1862. Q. M. Serg't 4th Cav., . First Lt. and Com., Jan. 23, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. PULFORD, JOHN, Detroit. First Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Capt., May 15, 1862. Wounded in action and taken prisoner at TVlalvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. Confined in Libby Prison. Exchanged July 18, 1862. Maj., Dec. 14, 1862. Wounded in action at Chancellorsviile, Va., May 3, 1863. Lt. Col., May 2, 1863. Wounded twice at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Wounded at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Col., June 10, 1864. Wounded at Boynton Plank Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for good conduct and meritorious service during the war." President's appointment reads, "for gallantry in action and eificiency in the line of duty." Mustered out July 5, 1865. Second Lt. 19th U. S. Infy, Feb. 23, 1866. • First Lt., Feb. 23, 1866. Transferred to 37th Infy, Sept. 21, 1866. Unassigned May 19, 1869. Retired with the rank of Col. U. S. Army, Dec. 15, 1870, "for wounds received in line of duty while serving as a Colonel of Volunteers." PULLMAN, PASCALL A., Allegan. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Comp'y B, 19th Infy, . Second Lt., May 25, 1864. Not mustered as an ofSeer. Killed in action near Atlanta, Ga., July 20, 1864. PULVER, ANDREW, Marquette. Entered service Aug. 23, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., May 18, 1863. Killed in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. PURDUE, JAMES, Plymouth. Entered service Sept. 13, 1861. Sergeant Comp'v F, 16th Infy, . First Lt., June 21, 1864. Capt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. PURDY, J. CURTISS, Jackson. Second Lt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 25, 1862. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released Oct. 27, 1862. Capt., May 14, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. PURDY, STEPHEN P., Detroit. Capt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Maj., Oct. 24, 1863, Honorably discharged for disability May 15, 1865. PURINTON, DAVID B., Coldwater. Capt. 28th Infy, Aug. 15, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, liar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the field, in the campaigns of Nashville and North Carolina," Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. PURINTON, ALFRED, Coldwater. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 4lh Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1864. Bvt. 1st Lt. U. S. Vol's, May 10, 1865, " for meritorious service in the capture of Jeff Davis." Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. PUESEL, CHARLES G., Schoolcraft. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 19th Infy. Second Lt., May 15, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 4, 1864. Killed in action near Averysboro, N. C, Mar. 16, 1865. QUACKENBUSH, TEUNIS V., Whitmore Lake. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Wounded in action at Coffeeville, Miss., Dec. 5, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged, ^UACKENBUSH, JAY L., Owosso. Capt. 8th Infy, Sept. 5, 1861, Resigned Mar. 3, 1862, and honorably discharged. <1UACKENBUSH, MYNDERT W., Owosso. Maj. 14th Infy, Nov. 1, 1861. Lt. Col., Nov. 11, 1862. Resigned Mar. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. QUACKENBUSH, LEWIS B,, Owosso. Capt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Killed in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. <3UACKENBUSH, JOHN W., Reading. First Lt. Hall's S. S., Sept, 13, 1864. Mus- tered out Mar. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. 912 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. QUINN, FRANCIS, Niles. Col. 12th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Aug. 31, 1862, and honorably discharged. QUICK, REUBEN, Lowell. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Com. Serg't 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 26, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Jan. 2, 1865. QUIGLEY, JOHN. Detroit. First Lt,, 27th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1862. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Capt., Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. RADCLIFF, WILLIAM H., Houghton. Entered service Sept. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 7, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 10, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. RANDALL, ALBERT L., Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Infy. Second Lt., May 15, 1863. First Lt. Sept. 14, 1864. Capt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. RANDALL, JOHN R., Fayette. First Lt. 18th Infy, July 27, 1862. Capt., Feb. 8, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 16, 1864, and honorably discharged. RANDALL, LEWIS C, Marshall. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt, Comp'y H, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 1st (3 years) Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Wounded in action Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Killed in action at Laurel HUl, Va., May 10, 1864. RANDALL, SAMUEL C, Flint. First Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 16, 1864. Mustered out as First Lt., Dec. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. RANDALL, WILLIAM H., Pittsfield. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y H, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Pvt. Comp'y D, 1st S. S. Nov. 15, 1862. Second Lt., Oct. 3, 1863. Taken prisoner before Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Paroled Feb. 28, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. RANDOLPH, JOHN M., Ann Arbor. Capt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Maj., July 18, 1862. Mustered out on account of disability May 22, 1863, and honorably discharged. RANDOLPH, SMITH, Madison. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 4th Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 23, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 28, 1864. Not mustered at First Lt, Died May 30, 1864, of wounds received in action at Kingston, Ga., May 18, 1864. RANKIN, ARTHUR M., Esses, Canada West. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Re- signed Nov. 28, 1861, and honorably discharged, RANNEY, ALBERT B., Three Rivers. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Hosi>'l Stew'd 19th Inf'y. Ass't Surg., June 15, 1865. Not mustered as an ofBcer. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged, RANNEY, GEORGE E,, Charlotte, Entered service as Hosp'l Ste^Vd 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Discharged for disability June 14, 1862. Ass't Surg. 2d Cav., June 6, 1863. Surg., Nov. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865, to accept commission of sami^ date as Surg. 136 U. S, Col'd Inf'y. Mustered out Jan. 1, 18G6, and honorably discharged. EANSFORD, BYRON, Rochester. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Infy. Second Lt., May 5, 1862. Died of disease at Georgetown, D. C, Sept. 15, 1862. RANSOM, JOHN L., Jackson. Entered sei-vice Nov. 26, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 9th Cav, Second Lt,, Aug, 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Prisoner of war. Es- caped, Sick in Mich. July 5, 1865. No further record. RANSOM, RUDOLPH, Flint. First Lt, 16th Inf'y, Aug, 9, 1861, Capt,, June 27, 1862. Killed in action at Bull Run, Va,, Aug. 30, 1862, RATH, CHRISTIAN, Jackson. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862, Wounded in action at Antletam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 6, 1862. Capt., Aug. 4, 1863. Taken prisoner in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Escaped ,May 12, 1864. Bvt. Maj. and Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, July 8, 18G5, " for sp(xiiil ami efficient service during the conlinement, trial, and execution of conspirators." Honorably discharged July 19, 1865, MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 913 EATHBUN, GEOEGE H,, Adrian. Capt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864, Mustered out May 26, 1S66, and honorably discharged. EATHBUN, HUGO B., Grand Eapids. Entered sei-vice Sept. 11, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Cav, . Fu-st Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 2, 1865, and honorably discharged. EAUSEE, JOHN G., Lodi. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Talien prisoner at Bull Eun, Va., July 21, 1861. Exchanged . Mustered out May 20, 1862. Ee-entered service Dec. 27, 1862. Serg't Batt. K, 1st K Light Art., . Second Lt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. EAWLINGSON, NEWELL H., Battle Creek. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Ke- signed Nov. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. EAYMOND, FEANCIS, Detroit. Entered service July 24, 1862. Com. Serg't 24th Inf'y, . First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Inf'y, Ap'l f, 1864. Wounded in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Capt., July 15, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. and Adjt., July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. EAYMOND, HENEY S., Bay City. Capt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Lt. Col., Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. EAYMOND, MAHLON H., Grass Lake. Ass't Surg. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 6, 1862. Surg., Ap'l 20, 1863. Mustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEA, JOHN, Flint. Second Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Eeslgned Dec. 13, 1862, and honorably dischargetJ. EEDFIELD, THOMAS H., Detroit. Second Lt. 1st Cav., June 4, 1862. Wounded in action at Yellow Tavern, Va., May 11, 1864. First Lt., June 3, 1864. Capt., Oct. 26, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEDFIELD, JAMES, Monroe. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 4th Iiify. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1862. Eesigned for disability, Sept. 13, 1862, and honorably discharged. EEDFIELD, BENJAMIN B., Orion. First Lt. 10th Infy, Oct. 1, 1861. Eesigned June 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. EEDFIELD, ESLI E., Orion. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Infy. First Lt., Sept. 3, 1804. Capt., May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEED, HIEAM, Mattawan. Entered service Nov. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 13th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Ekst Lt., July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEED, MYEON W., Hudson. First Lt. 18th Infj', July 27, 1862. Capt., Aug. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEED, GEOEGE, Forest. Second Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEESE, THEODOEE, Chicago, 111. First Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt,, Ap'l 15, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability Sept. 7, 1864. EEEVE, DAVID, Jackson. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 12th Infy, Oct. 10, 1861. Capt., Nov. 11, 1863. Eesigned Aug. 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEEVE, SELAH V., Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Infy, Sept. 1, 1861. Not mustered. EEEVE, LOUIS, Detroit. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Cav, . Second Lt. Mar. 7, 1865. First Lt., Mar. 10, 1865. Eesigned July 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. EEEVE, HASBEOUCK, Detroit. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Eesigned June 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. 115 914 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. REISDOEF, BENJAMIN, Monroe. Second St. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. First Lt. Mar. 12, 1862. Resigned Dec. 16, 1862, and honorably"dlscharged. EEMICK, ROYAL A., Detroit. Entered service July 20, 1862. Com. Serg't 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and iionorably discliarged. REMINGTON, GEORGE W., Grand Rapids. Entered- service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Ini'y. Second Lt., Sept. 22, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 25, 1862. Adjt., Nov. 23, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. REMINGTON, CHARLES W.. Kalamazoo. Entered service Nov. 26, 1862, Hosp'I Stev/'d 13th Infy, . Ass't Surg., Dec. 16, 1862. Resigned Jan. 25, 1864, and honorably discharged. REMINGTON, LEONARD C, Adrian, Entered service July 19, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Nov. 26, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. REXFORD, JAMES P., Detroit. Supernumerary Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 18, 1863. First Lt., June 27, 1863. designed Mar. 28, 1864. First Lt. 8th Cav., June 16, 1«64. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. REXFORD, WILLIAM H., Detroit. First Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Capt., Dec. 13, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 21, 1863. Ordnance Storekeeper U. S. Army, May 16, 1865. Capt. and 0. S., July 28, 1866. Now in service. REYNOLDS, CHARLES 0., Lenawee. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y D, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Reentered service Oct 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 17, 1864. First Lt., July 4, 1865. Mus- tered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. REYNOLDS, JAMES, Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Sergt Comp'y K, 7th Inf'y, . First Lt. , Oct. 5, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Died iu rebel prison, Salisbuiy, N. C, Jan. 2, 1865. REYNOLDS, HERBERT M., Niles. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Com. Serg't 19th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 27, 1863. First Lt., May 25, 1864. Honorably dis- charged as Second Lt. July 20, 1864. RHINES, LEVANT C, Battle Creek, Capt, 1st S, S,, Mar. 20, 1863. Maj., June 12, 1864. Killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864, RHODES, JOSEPH. J., Detroit. First Lt. IstEng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Capt., July 30, 1862. Maj., Nov. 3, 1864, Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. RICE, CHARLES L., Detroit, Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Serg't 1st Comp'y S. S., 16Lh luf y. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 15, 1863, Honorably dis- charged for disability Aug. 14, 1863. RICE, CHARLES S., Southfield. Entered service Sept. 1, 1864, as Q. M. Serg't 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. RICE, CHARLES P., Orion, Entered service Oct. 12, 1861, Serg't Comp'y A, 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. RICE, FRANCIS R., Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 montlis; Inf'v. .MUistered out Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st (3 vtiars) Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1861. First Serg't, July 1, 1862. Second Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Clustered out July 2, 1863. Second Lt. Vet. Reserve Corps, June 27, 1863. First Lt , Oct. 28, 1863. Mu.-.tered out Nov. 21, 1866. Second Lt. 44th U. S. Inf'y, Julv 28, 1866, Regimental Q. M., Jan. 15, 1867, to May 27, 1869. Bvt. First Lt. and Capt., Mar. 2, 186'7, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Fiedericksburg, Va," First Lt., June 5, 1867. UnassigiK'd May 27, 1869. Retired Dec. 15, 1870, for loss of leg from wounds received in line of duty. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. 915 KICE, HOWARD M., Lapeer. Capt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Maj., June 27, 1865. Mu&tered out as Capt. July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged, mCE, LANGDON B., Flint. Entered service Nov. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y I, 10th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., May 20, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discliarged. EICE, LEONARD C, Lansing. Entered service Aug. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y A, 20th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. EICHABY, RICHARD W., Hillsdale. Capt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Wounded in action June 24, 1864. Lt. Col., Dec. 6, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability, Dec. 14, 1864. RICHARDS, ALEXANDER, St. Johns. Entered service Mar. 21, 1864. Serg't Maj. 2d Cav., . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. BICHARDS, GEORGE R. ,' Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg, 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Trans- ferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 18G6, and honorably dis- charged. RICHARDS, HORACE H., Paris. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 24, 1863, and honorably discharged. RICHARDS, HUGH, Tecumseh. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned June 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. RICHARDS, JOSEPH, Detroit. Entered service Mav 25, 1861. Q. M. Serg't, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb, 24, 1863. Resigned for disabiUty Ap'l 19, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. RICHARDS, STEPHEN M., St. Clair. First Lt, 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Oct. 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. RICHARDS, WILLIAM V., Ann Arbor. First Lt. 1st Mich. Lancers, Nov. 1, 1861. Mustered out Mar. 20, 1862. First Lt. 17th Inf'v, July 2, 1862. Wounded in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 18G2. Capt., July 19" 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Dec. 2, 1864, " for gallant service during the war." Mustered out June 3, 1865. Second Lt., 11th U. S. Inf'y, May 11, 1866. Bvt. First Lt., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meri- torious service at the battle of South Mountain, Md." Bvt. Capt., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gaUant and meritorious service at the battle of Spottsylvania, Va." First Lt., June 19, 1868. Regimental Adjt., Aug. 12, 1868, to Ap'l 14, 1869. Tran.sfer]-ed to 16th Inf'y, Ap'l 14, 1869. Regimental Q. M., Apl 14, 1869, to Aug. 1, 1874. Regimental Adjt., Aug. 1, 1874, to June 30, 1880. Regimental Q. M., July 1, 1880. Now in ser- vice. RICHARDSON, EDMUND, Adrian. First Lt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862, Capt., May 15, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. RICHARDSON, HARPER S., Tuscola. Entered service Aug. 8, 1861, as Pvt, Comp'y E, 7th Inf'y. First Lt. 27th Inf'v, Oct. 10, 1862. Wounded in action at Jackson, Miss., July 11, 1863. Died of wounds Jan. 25, 1864. RICHARDSON, ISRAEL B., Pontiac. Cadet M. A., , 1835. Bvt. Second Lt. 3d U. S. Inf'y, July 1, 1841. Second Lt., Sept. 30, 1841. First Lt., Sept. 21, 1846. Bvt. Capt., Aug. 20. 1847, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Contreras and Churu- busco. " Bvt. Maj., Sept. 13, 1847, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Chapul- tepec." Capt., Mar. 5, 1851. Resigned Sept. 30, 1855. Col. 2d Mich. Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, May 17, 1861. Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, July 4, 1862. Died Nov. 3, 1862, at Sharpsburg, Md., of wounds received in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. RICHARDSON, JOHN H., Tuscola. Capt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Maj., Mar. 27, 1862. Resiirned Dec. 30, 1862. Lt. Col. 27th Inf'y, Feb. 1, 1863. Honorably discharged for disabihty, Dec. 16, 1863. KICHARDSON, JOHN L., Tuscola. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 7th Inf'y. First Lt., Ap'l 15, 1862. Resigned Feb. 10, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. 916 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. RICHARDSON, JOHN W., Jackson. Pvt., . Ass't Surg. 2l8t Inf'y. Aplll, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Date of discharge unknown. RICHMAN, CHARLES H., Saginaw City. Capt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Mustered out Feb. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. RICHMOND, JACOB L., St. Clair. Entered service Oct. 17, 1861, as Serg't Batt. H, 1st Light Art. First Lt., Jan. 22, 1863. Capt., Aug. 8, 1863. Honorably discharged as First Lt., for disability, Jan. 8, 1864. RICHTER, GEORGE, Ann Arbor. Entered service Deo. 12, 1862, as Serg't Batt. K, let Light Art. Second Lt., Mar. 8, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 9, 1864. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. RICKETTS, LUTHER B., Rockford, Ohio. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, May 6, 1865. Mustei-ed out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. RIDDLE, JAMES S., Hudson. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. RIDER, ORAMEL L., Norvell. Ass't Surg. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned May 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. RIDLEY, MARK H., Orion. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. RIDLON, JOHN M., Paw Paw. First Lt. and Q. M. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 27, 1862. On detached service at muster out of regiment, June 24, 1865. RIFORD, IRA B., Niles. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Resigned for disability as Second Lt., Jan. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. RIGGS, HURLBUT, Scipio. Entered service Feb. 17, 1864, as Pvt. 2d Comp'y S. S. 27lh Inf'y. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Wounded in action July 17, 1864. Hunor- orably discharged for disability Oct. 4, 1864. RIGGS, JOHN H., Detroit. Second Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 31, 1863. Capt., June 3, 1864. Taken prisoner during iStonemaii's raid, Aug. 2, 1864. Ex- changed . Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and hon- orably discharged. RIGGS, JOHN G., MiUington. Second Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. RING, EDWARD H., Jackson. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Resigned June 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. RIPLEY, LAUREN H., Adrian. Entered sei-vice May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Cav., Aug. 8, 1862. Second Lt., Sept. 13, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 28, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. RISDORPH, CHARLES H., Battle Creek. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp y C, 2d Inf y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. RITTER, PETER, Angola, Ind. Entered service Aug. 15, 1864. Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. First Lt., to rank from June 30, 1865. Mus- tered out May 25, 1866, as Serg't, and honorably discharged. RITTER, CHARLES H., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Inf'y, . First Lt. and Adjt., Oct. 10, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. RIX, THOMAS, Manchester. ^Second Lt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. EIX, JOHN, Clinton. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. Pvt. Comp'y B, 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Jan. 29, 1863. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 917 BOBAUGE, GEORGE, Erie. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, Jan. 5, 1864. First Lt., July 19, 1864. Mustered out June 3, lb65, and honorably dischareed. EOBBINS, EDWIN, Kalamazoo. First Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Resigned Nov. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. BOBBINS, RICHARD B, Adrian. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13. 1862. Maj., Aug. 23, 1863. Wounded in action at Kingston, Ga., May 18, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13,1865, " for gallant and meritorious service in action at Kingston, Ga." Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBBINS, JEROME, Matherton. Entered service May 25, 1861. Hosp'l Stew'd 2d Inf'y, . Ass't Surg., Mar. 11, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBERTS, AMI M., Almont. Entered service Dec. 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 10th Inf'y, . First Lt. and Q. M., Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discliarged. ROBERTS, HORACE S., Detroit. Second Lt. Comp'y D., 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican War, Oct. 30, 1847. Mustered out July 23, 1848. Capt. Thrive Months Inf'v, May 1, 1861. Lt. Col. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1861. Col., Ap'l 28, 1862. Wounded in action at Gaines's Mill, Va,, June 27, 1862. Killed in act i mi at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. ROBERTS, JAMES J., Monroe. Entered service Dec. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'v G, 15th Jnfy, . First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Capt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out "Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBERTS, JAMES B., Ionia. First Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 6, 1863. Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBERTS, JOSEPH, Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'v I, 2d Inf'y, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. ROBERTS, MORRIS, Tecumseh. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., May 15, 1863.' Died of dis- ease Sept. 14, 1864. ROBERTSON, CHARLES G., Waterford. Ass't Surg. 8th Cav., Mar. 12, 1863. Surg., Sept. 12, 1864. Taken prisoner at Sunshine Church, Ga., July 31, 1864. Released Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBERTSON, GEORGE W., Mt. Clemens. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga.^^Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., to rank from Nov. 17, 1863. Musterea out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBERTSON, JAMES D., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 9, 1861. Serg't Maj. 1st Cav,, . First Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. Capt., Oct. 25, 1864. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. ROBERTSON, SAMUEL V., Hillsdale. Entered service Sept. 21, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 2d Cav. Second Lt, May 2, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 1, 1864. Capt., Dec. 31, 1864, Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROBINS,#DWIN, Brockway. First Lt. Compy I, 1st U. S. S. S., May 25, 1864. Capt., Oct. 9, 1864. No further record. ROBINSON, CALEB W., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Honorably discharged Mar. 6, 1863. ROBINSON, CHARLES W., Eckford. Entered service Feb. 13, 1864 as Serg't Comp'y K, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 28, 1866. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. ROBINSON, ERASTUS D., Detroit. Capt. Provost Guard, Oct. 29, 1862. Mustered out July 28, 1864, and honorably discliarged. ROBINSON, ERASTUS R., Bhighampton, N. Y.. Entered service July 27, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 1st Int y. Second Lt., Ap'l 28, 1862. Fiist Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned July 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. 918 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. EOBINSON, GEORGE, Detroit. Eutered service Sept. 15, 1861, as Serg:'t Batt. C, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., July 15, lfcit)2. Capt., Nov. 20, 1862. Mustered out l>ec. 18, 1864, aud liouorably discharged. EOBINSON, GEOEGE W., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Cav. . Second Lt., Aug. 2, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Killed in action Oct. 21, 1864. EOBINSON, HOLLAND F., Con vis. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 20th Inf'v, . First Lt., June 20, 1864. Capt., Nov. 4, 1864. Killed in front of Petersburg, Va., Feb. 14, 1865. EOBINSON, JAMES D., Grand Eapids. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Capt., Dec. 26, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOBINSON, JOHN C, Binghampton, N. Y. Cadet M. A., July 1, 1885. Out of service Mar. 14, 1838. Second Lt. 5th U. S. Inf'y, Oct. 27, 1839. First Lt., June 18, 1846. Capt., Aug. 12, 1850. Col. 1st Mich. Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1861. Maj. 2d U. S. Inf'y, Feb. 20, 1862. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 28, 1862. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Army, July 1, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa." Bvt. Col. U. S. Array, Mar. 5, 1864. "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of the Wilderness," Va." Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, June 27,1864, " for gallant and meritorious service in the field." Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. xirmy, Mnv. 13. U'u5, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Spottsylvania, Va." Bvt. Maj. Gen. IJ. S. Army, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the war." Col. 43d U. S. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Mustered out of volunteer service Sept. 1, 1866. Eetired with rank of Maj. Gen., May 6, 1869, for loss of left leg- from wounds received in line of duty. EOBINSON, JOHN, . First Lt. Comp'y I, Menill Horse, Aug. 20, 1861. Capt., June 25, 1863. Honorably discharged Sept. 21, 1864. EOBINSON, JOHN, Morris, 111. Entered service Sept. 12, 1861, afe Serg't Comp'y I, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 19, 1862. First Lt., May 27, 1863. Eesigned Oct. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. EOBINSON, NELSON, Je., Eureka. Entered service Aug. 29, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y E, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 6, 1865. First Lt., Aug. 3, 1865. MusteredoutNov.il, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOBINSON, EGBERT E., Grand Eapids. Second Lt. 21st Inf'y, July 30, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 3, 1863. Capt. to rank from Jan. 8, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOBINSON, WESLEY L., W^aterloo. Second Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Eesianed May 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. ""i EOBINSON, WILLIAM F., Jackson. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 4Lh Inf'y. Second Lt. Dec. 12, 1861. First Lt., July 18, 1862. Capt., Jan. 27, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Eesigned May 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. EOCKAFELLOW^ BENJAMIN F., Lyons. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1862. Capt., Mar. 17, 1864. Wounded in cxction at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Transferred to 1st Cav., Sept. 17, 1865. Mustered out ilar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. ^ ROCKWELL, BYRON B., Niles. Second Lt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Capt., Sept. 3, 1862. Eesigned Ap'l 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. EODIEE, ANTOINE D., Detioit. Enti>red service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Pvt. Comp'y D, 23d Inf'y, Aug. 12, 18G2. Serg't Maj., . Second Lt., July 11, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. EODGERS, WILLIAM F., Blissfield. Entered service Oct. 17, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 26th Inf'y. First Lt., and Q. M., Dec. 22, 1864. Mustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOE, WILLIAM B., Plymouth. First Lt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Capt, Nov. 3, 1862. Eesigned for disability. May 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 919 EOEHM, ERNEST G., Detroit. Entered service July 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A. 1st Iiif y, . Wounded in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Second Lt., May 30, 1865. First Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and iionorably discharged. ROGERS, CHARLES H., Plymouth. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 2d Iiify, . First Lt., Oct. 2, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROGERS, FORDYCE H., Pontiac. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1862, as Batt. Adjt., and honorably discharged. ROGERS, HANSON H., Alpine. Entered service Aug. 16, 1862. Serg't Mo]. 5th Cav., ^ . Wounded in action July 3, 1863. Second Lt., Feb. 5, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 7, H' 1865. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Jlar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service dur- ■ ing the war." Capt., Apl 13, 18G5. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably dis- ^ charged. ROGERS, HENRY A., Paw Paw. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 3d Cav. Second Lt., July 12, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 11, 1862. Resigned Aug. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. ROGERS, HORACE B., Lansins:. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Honorably dis- M charged for disability, Sept. is, 1863. ' ' ROGERS, JABEZ B., Battle Creek. Capt. Comp'y H, Merrill Horse, (2d Mo. Cav.) Aug. 20, 1861. Maj., May ilS. 1863. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864, and honorably discharged. ROGERS, JOHN, Tecumseh. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. ROGERS, OSCAR K, YpsUanti. Entered service Sept. 1, 1864. Q. M. Serg't 28th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar* 28, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1865, and honorably disuharged. RODGERS, PHILO W., Eaton Rapids. First Lt, 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Died of disease at Evansville, Ind., May 17, 1862. ROGERS, WILLIAM, Camden. Second Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug, 15, 1864. Resigned June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. * ROLLS, WILLIAM H., Trenton. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1863. Capt., Aug. 18, 1863. Resigned Jan^ 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." ROOT, CHARLES D., Battle Creek. Second Lt., Comp'y L, Merrill Horse, (2d Mo. Cav.) Dec. 17, 1862. First Lt., June 27, 1863. Resigned June 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. ROOT, DANIEL S., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861. as Serg't Cornp'y K, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1861. First Lt., July 1, 1862. Capt., Feb. 5, 1863. Maj. 5th Inf'y, June 12, 1864. Lt. Col., Dec. 21, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROOT, ROLAND, Cpldwater. Second Lt. Batt. A, 1st Light Art., May 28, 1861, First Lt., Oct. 6, 1861. Resigned Nov. 17, 1862, and honorably discharged. ROOT, STEPHEN E., Burlington. Entered service Sept. 3, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 9th Inf'y. Chap., Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROOT, SIMEON P., Somerset. Surg. 18th Inf'y, Aug. 7, 1862. Resigned Feb. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. ROOT, WILLIAM E., Otisco. Entered service Sept. 10. 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 3, 1«65. First Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROSE, A. MORELL, Monroe. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. First Lt., Sept. 25, 1861, Capt., Jan. 1, 1882, Killed in action at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. 920 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. EOSE, CHAELES B., Westphalia. First Lt. 14tli Iiify, Nov. 18, 1861. Died of disease at Farmington, Miss., June 11, 1862. EOSE, GEOEGE W., Brighton. Entered service Aug. 27, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y I, 5th Infy. Second Lt., May 28, 1862. First Lt., July 22, 1862. "Capt., June 23, 1863. Died May 20, 1864, of wounds received in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. EOSE, HAEVEY L., Detroit. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Infy, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. First Lt., July 15, 1865. Not mustered as an offi- cer. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOSE, PEESTON B., Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 5th Infy, Mar. 31, 1863. Wounded in action Oct. 27, 1864. Honorably discharged Ap'l 16, 1865, on account of ■wounds re- ceived in action, Oct. 27, 1864 (loss of leg). EOSEMAN, HAEMON, Montcalm. Entered service Sept. 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 8th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Not mustered as an officer-. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOSS, DANIEL, Marshall. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. EOSS, DUNCAN, Bowne. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 7, 1864. First Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an offi- cer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOSS, GEORGE A., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 13,1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 24th Infy, . First Lt., Ap'113, 1864. Capt., Oct. 17, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. ^ EOSS, JAMES, Houghton. Entered sei-vice Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 23d Infy. Second Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. First Lt., July 11, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOSS, WILLIAM G., Exeter. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y L Hth Infy. First Lt., July 13, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. EOSS, WILLIAM H., Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v A, 1st (3 months) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Capt. Batt. B, 1st Light Art., Jan. 2('i, 1862. Taken prisoner in action at Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, lb62. Exchani>ed Nov. 19, 1862. Maj. 1st Reg't Light Art., Sept. 3, 1863. Lt. Col., Nov. 18, 1864. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and merilorious service during the recent campaigns." Mustered out July 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOSSITER, ALBERT C, Morris, 111. Entered service Sept. 4, 1861, as First Serg't Comp'y G, 11th Infy. Second Lt., July 20, 1862. Wounded in action at Mission Ridge, Tenn.. Nov. 25, 1863. Capt., Jan. 24, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. ROTH, WILLIAM F., Ann Arbor. Capt. 1st (3 months) Infy, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861, and honorably discharged. EOUNDS, FRANCIS P., Ionia. Entered service Sept. 30, 1864, as Corp'l Comp'y F, 3d Infy. Second Lt., June 30, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. EOUNDS, OLIVEE C, Niles. Capt. 9th Infy, Oct. 12, 1861. Taken prisoner at Mur- freesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released Oct. 12, 1862. Resigned Aug. 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. EOUSE, JONATHAN S., Hadley. Entered service Feb. 1, 1862, as Hosp'l Stow'd loth Infy. Ass't Surg. 14th Infy, June 4, 1863. Surg. 10th Infy, May 22, 1865. Mus- tered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOW, SAMUEL H., Sharon. Entered service July 19, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 20th Infy. Second Lt., Oct. 14, 1862. Fiist Lt., June 22, 1863. Eesi'gned Oct. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 931 EOWDEN, PHILIP, Burr Oak. Chap. 1st Inf'y Aug. 25, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. KOWE, AARON, Niles. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. ROWE, GEORGE M., Saugatuck. Second Lt. 13th Inf'v, July 13, 1862. First Lt. , Feb. 13, 1863. Capt., Mar. 9, 1864. Maj., July 5, 1865. Mustered out as Capt., July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. EOWELL, GEORGE H., Battle Creek. Second Lt. Comp'y H, Merrill Horse, (2d Mo. Cav.) Aug. 20, 1861. First Lt., May 1, 1863. Capt., Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROWLAND. ORAN W., Lawrence. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 29, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. Capt., Nov. 17, 1864. Honorably discharged June 6, 1865. ROWLEY, MANLEY S. Niles. Entered service Nov. 10, 1861, as Serg't Maj., 12th Inf'y. First Lt. and Adj't 11th Cav., Sept. 1, 1863. Resigned June 1, 1864, and honorably discharged. ROWLEY, HENRY K., Adrian. Entered service Julv 24, 1862. as Serjr't Comp'y C, 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 7, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1863. Adjt., Ap'l 17, lb64. Mustered out June 26, 1665, and honorably discharged. ROYCE, JOHN M., Hamburg. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862, as Sergt Comp'y E, 26th Inf'y. Second Lt,, Ap'l 13, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1864. Capt., June 9, 1«G5. Mustered out as First Lt., June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROYCE, DAVID G., Burns. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Killed in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. ROYES, LESTER W., Adrian. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Batt. I, 1st Light Art. First Lt., Jan. 21, 1864. Resigned Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably dis- discharged. ROYS, CYRUS D., Hudson. First Lt. Batt. L, 1st Light Art., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Feb. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. ROZELLE, DANIEL R., Hillsdale. Entered service Sept. 8, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y A, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Oct. 29, 1864. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUBY, JOHN, Plymouth. Entered service July 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 16th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 1, 1862. Killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. EUDDIMAN, GEORGE, Muskegon. Wintered service June 13, 1863. Serg't C"mp'y F, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an oflQcer. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUDDOCK, WILLIAM, Kimball. Second Lt. 1st S. S., Oct. 26, 1863. Wounded in action July 30, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 25, 1864. RUEHLE, JOHN V.. Jk., Detroit. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Capt., Sept. 22, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. RUEHLE, MARTIN, East Saginaw. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Absent, wounded, on muster out of regiment. RUEHLE, JOHN V., Detroit. Maj. 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican war, Oct. 18, 1847. Ahis- tered out July 23, 1848. Lt. Col. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 21, 1861. Resigned July 6, 1862, and honorably discharged. RUFF, JOSEPH, Albion. Entered service Dec. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 14, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 18, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. RUGGLES, CHARLES H., Prauieville. Entered service Oct. 23, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 13th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 28, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., Mar. 19, 1864. Mustered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. 116 y^^ MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. KUNDELL, JAMES S., Niles. Ass't Surg. 12th Infy, Ap'l 25, 1862. Surg., Oct. 8, 18G2. Mustered out Oct. 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUNYAN, OSCAR v., Wayne. Entered service July 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Inf y, . Second Lt., May 30, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUSSELL, ALBERT G., Hubbardston. First Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. Wounded in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Resigned Jan. 13, 1863, and honor- ably discharged. RUSSELL, BENTON T., Coldwater. Entered service Dec. 15, 1862, as Sera-'t Comp'y I, 9th Cav.. Second Lt., Feb. 27, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUSSELL, CHARLES P., Pontiac. First Lt. 3d Infy, July 29, 1864. Capt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. May 25, 1866, and liouorably discharged. RUSSELL, GEORGE A., Girard. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862. Serg't Maj. 19th Infv, . First Lt., Oct. 28, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out June 10, 1865,. and honorably discharged. RUSSELL, JAMES F., Battle Creek. Entered service Julv 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v G, 1st Infy. First Lt., May 30, 1865. Capt., July 15, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. July 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. RUSSELL, JESSE B., Woodstock. Entered service Mar. 2, 1864, as Pvt., unassigned, 23d Infy. Chap. 23d Infy, Mar. 4, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. RUSSELL, MARION C, Hastings. Second Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. First Lt.^ Jan. 17, 1863. Resigned as Second Lt., Feb. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. RUSSELL, WILLIAM H., Adrian. Entered service May 29, 1862. Serg't Maj. 17th Infy, . First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. RUSSEY, JAMES H., Niles. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 6th Inf y. Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5,. 1862. Resigned Dec. 18, 1862, and honorably discharged. RYAN, WILLIAM L., Muskegon. Second Lt. 3d Infy, May 13, 1861. First Lt., Oct. 28, 1S61. Wounded at Groveton, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. Capt., Oct. 20, 1862. Resigned Mar. 24, 1863, and honorably discharged. SARIN, ALVIN N., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 5th Cav. Second Lt., May 28, 1863. Wounded in action at Newby's Cross Roads, Va., July 24, 1863. First Lt., Mar. 5, 1864. Wounded in action at "the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Capt., Oct. 21, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritoi'ious service during the war." Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. SACKETT, JOHN, Port Huron. Second Lt. 22d Infy, July 31, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 15, 1862. Died of disease, Jan. 1, 1863. SAFFORD, WINFIELD S., Plymouth. Second Lt. 24th Infy, July 26, 1862. First Lt.,. Dec. 13, 1862. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. SAFFORD, BENJAMIN D., Plymouth. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y E, 17th Infy. Second Lt., Feb. 23, 1863. First Lt., Sept. 14, 1863. Capt., May 12, 1864. Talvcu prisoner at Spoltsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Released, . Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865. "for gallant and meritorious service before Petersburg, Va. " Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAFFORD, CHARLES H.. Detroit. Second Lt. 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. First Lt.. June 13,1863. Capt., July 15, 1864. Resigned Jan. 23, 1865, and honorably .iischarffod. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 9r3^ SAGE, DAVID B., Cannonsburg. Entered service Ana;. 13, 1862. Serg't Comp'v H. 21st Inf'y, . Fii'st Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and hononiblydis- charged. SAGE, JAMES A., Otisco. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Conjpy B, 15th Inf'y. First Lt., Ap'l 7, 1864. Wounded in action near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 6, 1864. Honor- ably discharged for disability, Nov. 30, 1864. SALTEE, CHAELES H., Detroit. Enterd service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'v A, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 16th Infy, Aug. 9, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Capt., Dec. 16, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 30, lS6i. " for gallant and distinguished service at the battle of Peebles's Farm, Va." Mus- tered out Jan. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAMPLE, DAVID, Trenton. Entered service Jan. 8, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 15th Inl'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Honorably discharged Aug. 14, I86u. SANBOEN, BENJAMIN F., Danby. Entered service Feb. 10, 1862. Sergt Comp'y F^ 15th Infy, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. SANBOEN, WILLIAM, Port Huron. Maj. 22d Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Lt. Col., Jan. 5, 1863. Wounded in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Juue 7, 1864. Bvt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865. "for con- spicuous gallantry at ihe battle of Chickamauga, Ga." Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S» Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for conspicuous gallantry and meritorious service during the war." SANBOEN, PETEE B., Port Huron. First Lt. Comp'y K, 1st U. S. S. S., Jan. 7, 1862. Honorably disciiarged for disability, Oct. 1, 1862. SANFOED, GEOEGE P., Ann Arbor. Capt. 1st Inf'y, Sept. 15, 1861. EesiOTed Mav 5, 1862. Maj. and Paymaster U. S. Vol's, Sept. 19, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col.' U. S. Vol's, June 21, 1865, " for faithful service in the Pay Department." Mustered out July 1, 1866, and honorably discharged. SANGEE, JOSEPH P., Detroit. Second Lt. 1st f3 months) Inf'v, May 1, 1861. Second Lt. 1st U. S. Art., Aug. 5, 1861, First Lt., Oct. 26, 1«61. Bvt. Capt., May 28, 1864, "for gallant and meritorious service in action at Bermuda Hundred, Va." Bvt. Maj., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Fussell's Mills, Va., Aug. 16, 1864." Eegimental Adjt., Jan. 31, 1866, to Feb. 13, 1868. Capt., Feb. 7, 1875. Now in service. SAEGENT, EVEEETT D., Howell. Entered service Oct. 18, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 9th Inf'y, . Wounded in action at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Second Lt., Nov. 23, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAEGEANT, SILAS L., Chelsea. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Feb. 28,^ 1863, and honorably discharged. SAUNDEES, CHAELES H., Ecorse. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 20, 1863. Eesigned Mar. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. SAUNDEES, EDWIN, Saginaw City. Capt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAVAGE, JOHN E., Hudson. Entered sei-vice Dec. 24, 1863, as Pvt. Batt. I, 1st Liirht Art. Chap. 12th Inf'y, Mar. 19, 1864. Eesigned Aug. 16, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. SAVAGE, ISAAC O., Fairfield. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. First Lt., Nov. 24, 1862. Q. M., Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAVAGE, JAMES M., Dowagiac. Entered service Oct. 31, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Sept. 18, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. SAVIEES, LEMUEL, Franklin. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 1st U. S. S. S. Second Lt., Oct. 18. 1861. Capt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Maj., May 15, 1863. Lt. Col., Mar. 30, 1864. Wounded in four different places in action at Spottsylvaiiia, Va., May 12, 1864. Col., Sept. 12, 1864. Honorably discharged for di-^ability Sept. 27, 1864. 924 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. SAVILLE, JAMES E., Ruby. Entered service Aug, 26, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Inf'y. Second Lt., May 12, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. SAVORY, STEPHEN P.. . Second Lt. Battery H, 1st Light Ait, Mar. 6, 1862. Resigned Mar. 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. SAWDY, HENRY J., Hudson. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862, as Serg't Batt. I, 1st Light Art. Fii-st Lt., Dec. 15, 1863. Resigned Mar. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAWYER, DANIEL W., Quincy. Entered service Oct. 31, 1861. Serg't Batt. D, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Aug. 2, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 23, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. SAYERS, JOHN H., Mason. Capt. 26th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1862. Honorably discharged Jan. 7, 1863. SAYLOR, THOMAS, Saginaw. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Maj., July 12, 1862. Col. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. SOARRETT, JAMES J., Port Huron. Maj. 10th Inf'y, Nov. 20, 1861. Died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 15, 1863. SCHEFFLER, CARL B., Jackson. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., June 10, 1862. Capt., Oct. 17, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. SCHEFNIKER, JOSEPH, Saginav?. First Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Nov. 16, 1862, and honorably discharged. SCHEICK, CARL, Marengo. Entered service Oct. 21, 1863. Serg't 14th Batt. I,ight Art., . Second Lt., Mar. 17, 1865. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCHILL, ADOLPH, Detroit. First Lt. Batt. K, 1st Light Art, Feb. 21, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCHIMPF, CHARLES, Rockland. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Corap'v A, 27Lh Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. SCHNEIDER, FREDERICK, Detroit. Entered service , 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 2d Inf'y. Serg't, May 25, 1861. Serg't Maj., May 14, 1864. First Lt., June 6, 1864. AVounded in action in front of Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Capt;, July 30, 1864. Taken prisoner July 30, 1864. Escaped July 30, 1864. Wounded and taken prisoner in front of Petersburg, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Exchanged Feb. 22, 1865. Lt. Col., Dec. 18, 1864. CoL, Ap'l 17, 1865. Mustered out as Lt. Col., July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCHOONMAKER, S. FRANKLIN, New York City. Chap. 7th Inf'y, May 8, 1863. Re- signed Sept. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. SCHRAM, LA RUE, Burton. Capt. 29 thinf 'y, July 29, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Mar. 22, 1865. SCHUETZ, JOHN C, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H. 2d Inf'y. Se(-ond Lt., Dec. 4, 1861. First Lt., Feb. 7, 1862. First Lt. Batt. K 1st Light Art., Nov. 21, 1862. Capt., Feb. 21, 1863. Maj. 1st Reg't Light Art., Ap'l 11, 1865. Mustered out July 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCHUYLER, PETER S., Grand Rapids. First Lt. and Adjt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., Ap'l 11, 1862. Taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8. 1862. Exc.hang.'d June 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Mossy Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, 1863. Resigned Sept. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. SCOFIELD, THOMAS D., Lyons. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y D, 9th Inf'y. Discharged . First Lt. Ist Comp'y S. S., 27th Inf'y, Feb. 27, 1864. Taken prisoner at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Paroled Mar. — , 1865. Honorably discharged May 15, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 925 SCOFIELD, REYNOLDS H., Lyons. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, yth Inf'y. Second Lt., Ap'l 21, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 17, 1863. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Ap'l 3, 1863. Resigned May 1, 1863. Capt. 1st Comp'y S. S., 27th Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Wounded in action near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Honorably discharged for disabUity Oct. 17, 1864. SCOLLAY, ABEL, Lexington. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 22d Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 6, 1862. Resigned June 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. SCOTT, WILLIAM M., Newark, N. J. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Nov. 15, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCOTT, JAMES P., Grand Haven. Batt. Q. M. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt. and Regimental Q. M., Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. SCOTT, WILLIAM D., Greenville. Ass't Surg. 10th Cav., July 7, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. SCOTT, ALEXANDER H., Schoolcraft. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 6th Inf'y. Discharged Aug. 13, 1863. Ass't Surg. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. SCRANTON, LEONIDAS S., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., Ap'l 29, 1862. Maj., Oct. 26, 1862. Resigned Nov. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. SEAGE, JOHN, White Pigeon. Chap. 4th Inf'y, July 20, 1862. Wounded June 8, 1863, by guerrillas. Mustered out June 29, 1864. Chap. 4th Inf'y (reorganized), July 26, 1864. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. SEAGE, R. WATSON, White Pigeon. Entered service June 20. 1861. Corp'l Comp'y E, 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Discharged Dec. 31, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Resigned Mar. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." SEAGER, SCHUYLER F., Lansing. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lt., July 14, 1863. Honorably discharged as Supernumerary Second Lt., to date from June 1, 1863. SEARS, CHARLES F. Courtland Centre. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 21st Inf'y, . First Lt., Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. SEARS, WILLIAM W., Marshall. Entered service Sept. 2, 1864. Serg't Comp'y E, 28th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 14, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. SEARS, HENRY W., Muskegon. First Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Capt., Ap'l 1, 1864. Maj., Sept. 2, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. SEIGFRTED, FRANKLIN B., Mason. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 7th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 30, 1862. First Lt., May 1, 18(i3. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability Ap'l 20, 1864. SELFRIDGE, ROBERT F., Bruce. Entered service Aug. 22, 1862. Q. M. Sergt 22d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. SELFRIDGE, ROBERT 0., Tecumseh. First Lt. and Adjt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 28, 1862. Maj. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, July 14, 1862. Resigned Feb. 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. SELINO, TALBERT, Saginaw City. Entered service Aug. 2, 1862. Com. Serg't 23d I„fy^ . Second Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. Fu'st Lt., Mar. 4, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. SELLON, WILLIAM R., Owosso. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Serg't Maj. 9th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 8, 1862. Fii'st Lt., Sept. 23, 1862. Lt. Col. 1st U. S. Col'd Troops, Aug. 17, 1863. No further record. 92 G MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. SERGEANT, DAVID, Kalamazoo. First Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 2, 1864. Mustered out Deo. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. SESSIONS, JOHN Q. A., Eaton. First Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. SEWARD, WILLIAM H., Detroit. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Dec. 4, 1861. Resigned Aug. 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. SEXTON, NELSON A., Lambertsville. Entered service Sept. 3, 1864. Serg't Comp'y M, 8th Cav., . First Lt., Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out on consolidation with 11th Cav., July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. SEYMOUR, CHARLES H., Saginaw. First Lt. 27th Inf'y, Aug. 28, 1863. Killed in action near Bethesda Church, Va., June 3, 1864. SEYMOUR, HENRY P. Linden. Entered service Aua:. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 5th Cav. First Lt. and Adj't 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Capt., Mar. 27, 1865. IMus- tered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. SEYMOUR, GEORGE, Union City. Entered service Aug. 29, 1861. Serg't Battery D, 1st Light Art., . First Lt., Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 3, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. SHAFER, SYLVESTER, Lapeer. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Feb. 16, 1862, and honorably discharged. SHAFER, MARION A., Grand Rapids. Ass't Surg. 7th Cav., July 7, 1863. Not mus- tered. SHAFFER. GEORGE T., Calvin. First Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Taken prisoner in action at Thompson's Station, Tenn., Mar. 5, 1863. Exchanged Mav 5, 1863. Capt., May 15, 1864. Wounded in action June 22, 1864. Maj. 28th Inf y, Aug. 15, 1864. Lt. Col. Dec. 10, 1864. Bvt. Col. and Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar 13, 1865, " for gal- lant and lueritorious service at the battles before Atlanta, Ga., and at Wise Fork, N. C." Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably discharged. SHAFTER, WILLIAM R., Galesburg. First Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 28, 1861. Wounded in action Mav 31, 1862. Maj. 19th Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Captured Mar. 5, 1863. Ex- changed May 5, 1863. Lt. Col., Ap'l 4, 1863. Col. 17th U. S. Col'd Troops, Ap'l 19, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious ser- vice during the war." Musten^d out Nov. 2, 1866. Lt. Col. 41st U. S. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Col., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa." Unassigned Mar. 15, 1869. Assigned to 24th Inf'y, Ap'l 14, 1869. Col. 1st U. S. Inf'y, Mar. 4, 1879. Now in service. SHAFTER, JOHN N., Galesburg. Entered service Sept. 6, 1862, as Sorg't Maj. 19th Inf'y. First Lt., June 24, 1863. Capt., Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. SHANK, HURLBUT B., Lansing. Surg. 8th Inf'y, Aug. 19. 1861. Resigned Jan. 11, 1862, and honorably discharged. SHANNAHAN, WINFIELD S., Cassopolis. Entered service Mar. 6, 1863. Corp'l Comp'y E, 1st S. S., . Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. SHARE, MOSES A., Detroit. First Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Dec. 13, 1861, and honorably discharged. SHATTUCK, LUCIUS P., Plymouth. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C, 24th Inf'y. Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. SHAW, HENRY A., Eaton Rapids. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept 2, 1861. Maj., Nov. 12, 1861. Resigned Sept. 25, 1862, and honorably discharged. SHAW, BIRNEY E., Eaton Rapids. Entered service Sept. 9, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 2d Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 10, 1864. Resigned Mar. 31, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAE, 927 SHAW, THOMAS, Bridgeton. Entered service Auj?. 22, 1863, as Hosp'l Stew'd 10th Cav. Ass't Surg., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. SHAW, ADDISON C, Addison. Chap. 23d Inf y, Mar. 10, 1864. Resigned Sept. 27, 1864, and honorably discharged. SHEAEEE, JOHN W., Detroit. Entered service June 4, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 2d Infy, . Second Lt., Sept. 22, 1861. First Lt., Mar. 17, 1862. Resigned Nov. 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. SHEAREE, JAMES D., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 24th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 30, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. SHEEHAN, DANIEL, Je., Ann Arbor. Entered service July 23, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 20th Infy. First Lt., Ap'l 29, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out j\lay 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. SHEERS, THOMAS, Je., Nankin. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Mar. 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. SHELDON, BARBER N., Qumcy. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. ResignedFeb. 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. SHELDON, CARLOS D., Houghton. Capt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. SHELDON, GEORGE W., Hastino-s. Entered service Sept. 10, 1864. Serg't Maj. 3d Infy, . Second Lt., May 19, 1865. First Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. SHELDON, GEORGE A., . Second Lt. Comp'y I, 1st U. S. S. S., Feb. 4, 1863. Killed in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. SHELDON, GEORGE, Fentonville. Entered service June 5, 1861. Com. Serg't 2d Infy, . First Lt., July 22, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. SHELDON, GEORGE C, Houghton. Second Lt. 16th Infy, Mav 25, 1864. First Lt., Sept. 7, 1864. Capt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. SHELDON, JOEL S., Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt. and Com., Max*. 16, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability, Dec. 10, 1864. SON, ELI L., Battle Creek. Entered service Sept. 5, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v H, Morrill Hur.se (2d Mo. Cav). Wounded in action Aug. 18, 1862. Second Lt., May 1, 1863. Fiist Lt., Aug. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 13, 1864, and honorably dischargid. STOCKTON, JOHN, Mt. Clemens. Col. 8th Cav., Oct. 3, 1862. Honorably discharged Ap 1 15, 1864. STOCKTON, WILLIAM C, Mt. Clemens. First Lt. 22d Infy, July 31, 1862. Capt., 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. STOCKTON, THOMAS B. W., Flint. Cadet M. A., — , 1823. Bvt. 2d Lt., Ist U. S. Infy, July 1, 1827. Second Lt., July 1, 1827. First Lt. Mar. 4, 1833. Resigned Nov. 30, 1836. Col. 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican war, Oct. 18, 1847. Mustered out July 23, MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 941 1848, and honorably discharged. Col. 16th Mich. Inf'y, July 21, 1861. Taken pris- oner at Gaines's Mill. Va., June 27, 1862. Exchanged Aug. 12, 1862. Kesigned May 18.^1863, and honorably discharged. STOCKWELL, CYRUS M., Port Huron. Surg. 27th Inf'y, Deo. 23, 1862. Beslgned Dec. 29, 1863, and honorably discliarged. STODDARD, NOLTON F., Trenton. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I, 4ih Inf'y. Second Lt., Jaa. 15, 1862. Resigned Nov. 4, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. STODDARD, BYRON, Concord. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y I. 6th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 1, 1863. Died of disease at Port Hudson, La., July 17, 1863. STODDARD, CAMERON C, Fair Grove. Entered service Aug. 24, 1864, as Serg't Couip'y A, 29th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 19, 1865. First Lt., Aug. 7, 1865. Mus- tered out as Second Lt., Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. STONE, CLEMENT W., Kalamazoo. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Com. Serg't 6th Inf y. First Lt. and Q. M., June 21, 18G2. Capt., May 23, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. STONE, GEORGE R., Allegan. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Mar. 1. 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., Mar. 18, 1863. Capt., Aug. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. STONE, ADDISON R., Memphis. Ass't Surg. 5th Cav., Sept. 25, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Sept. 8, 1863. STONE, ELIAS B., Bowne. Supernumerarv Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. First Lt., May 23, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866, and honwably discharged. STONE, HENRY, Newaygo. Entered service July 13, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y A, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 5, 1865. Resigned Oct. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. STONEBURNER, GEO. W., Grand Rapids. Supernumerary Second Lt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 11, 1863. Second Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, Feb. 9, 1864. Resigned for disability, June 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. STORER, JOHN T., Hillsdale. First Lt. 10th Inf'y, Oct. 1, 1861. Resigned June 21^ 1862, and honorably discharged. STORMS, IRVING, Chelsea. Entered service Sept. 21, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y " C," 1st Inf'y. First Lt. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Cold Inf'y, Nov. 6, 1863. Honorably dis- charged March 22, 1864. STORRS, CHARLES E., Blendon. Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Capt., July 17, 1863. Wounded in action at Snickers Gap, Va., July 19, 1863. Major, Jan. 5, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 10, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. STOUT, ISAAC N., Deerfleld. Second Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Fu-st Lt, Oct 1, 1862 Resigned Aug. 11, 1863. Capt 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. STOUGHTON, HENRY C, Otsego. Capt 13th Inf'y, Oct 3, 1861. Resigned Oct. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. STOUGHTON, WILLIAM L., ^turgis. Lieut Col. 11th Inf'y. Oct 11, 1861. Col., Ap'l 1, 1862. Wounded in action near Marietta, Ga., July 4, 1864, losing a leg. Mustered out Sept 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. Bvt Brig. Gen. and Bvt Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." STOW, FREDERICK A., Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. First Lt, Jan. 1, 1862. Capt., Oct. 25, 1862. Resigned Mar. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. STOWELL, ABRAM E., Coldwater. Fii'st Lt 11th Cav., Jan. 15, 1864. Resigned Nov. 14, 1864, and honorably discharged. 942 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. STOWELL, HENRY H., MarshaU. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., Sept. 10, 1864. Capt., Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. STRAYER, GEORGE, Pinckney. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862. Serg't Conop'y B, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. STREETER, JOHN W., Union City. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Sept. 6, 1864. First Lt., May 25, 1865, Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. STREEVER, LLOYD G., Flint. Entered service Aug. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 16th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged, STRICKLAND, RUSSELL K., Grand Rapids. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 1st Eng's and Mecli's, . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and lionorably discharged. STRONG, ADDISON K., Monroe. Chaplain 7th Inf'y, Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned July 7, 1862, and honorably discharged. STRONG, ASAHEL B., Reading. Ass't Surg. 1st S. S.. Jan. 15, 1864. Honorably dis- charged for disability July 9, 1864. STRONG, GEORGE A., Monroe. Capt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Died Ap'l 10, 1862, of wouuds received in, action at Shiloh, Tenn., Ap'l 6, 1862. STRONG, GEORGE W., Port Huron. Entered service Nov. 27, 1861, as Drum Major 15th Inf'y. Second Lt., Oct. 30, 1862. Capt. 1st Tenn. CoI'd Inf'y, . No further record. STRONG, HENRY N., Adrian. Chap. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Resigned July 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. STRONG, JAMES A., Burlington. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Cav., . First Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Capt., Aug. 23, 1863. Maj., Dec. 1, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. STROUD, DAVID R., Hudson. Capt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Resigned Aug. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. STROUT, WILLIAM T., Port Huron. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 7th Inf'y. First Lt., Sept. 21, 1863. Wounded in action June 19, 1864. Q. M., Oct 5, 1864. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. STUART, CHARLES E., Kalamazoo. Col. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned Jan. 28, 1862, and honorably discharged. STUART, ANDREW B., Lansing, Capt. Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S., Aug. 25, 1861, Resigned Oct. 14, 1862, and honorably discharged. STUDLEY, JAMES D., Mendon. Entered service Dec. 22, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 9th Cav. Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. STURGIS, AARON B., Sturgis. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 11th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Feb. 7, 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863. Cause, disability, anil honorably discharged. STURTEVANT, BENJAMIN A., Port Austm. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Hospl Stow'd 23d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 3, 1864. First Lt., Oct. 6, 1864. Mustered out Juno 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. SUDBOROUGH, JOSEPH A., Adrian. Entered service May 29, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 17th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 6, 1862. First Lt , Mar. 20, 1863. Capt., July 19, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. fiULLIVAN, TIMOTHY, Detroit. Entered service Auir. 9, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1865. First Lt., July 10, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., Mar. 10, 1866, and honorably discharged. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 943 SUMMERS, ROWAN, Jackson. Fii-st Lt. 17th Inf y, June 17, 1862. Wounded in action at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Resigned Mar. 14, 1863, and honorably discharged. SUMNER, JOHN H., Grand Rapids. Entered service June 10, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 3d Int'y, . First Lt. and Q. M., Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 20, 1864. Capt., July 29, 1864. Mustered out Aiay 25, 1866, and honorably discharj First Lt. and Adj. 11th Cav., June 1, 1864. Eesigned July 20, l6bo, and honorably discharged. VAN VLEET EZEKIEL, Eidgeway. First Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Capt., July 13, 1862. Eesigned Feb. 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. VAN VLIET FEEDERICK, Bloomfield. Second Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Killed in action on the Shelby viUe pike near Nashville. Tenn., Dec. 15, 1S64. VFEDEE CHAELES S., Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 16th Inf y. — First Lt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. 954 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. VERNOR, JAMES, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862. Hosp'l Stew'd 4th Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1866, and honorably dis- chsLi-f^ed. VESEY, JAMES W., Sturgis. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v C, 4th Iiif'y. Second Lt., Nov. 18, 1862. Died June 3, 1864, of wounds received near Rich- mond, Va. VICKERY, RICHARD S., Ann Arbor. Entered service as Pvt. Comp'y F, 2d Inf'y, May 17, 1861. Ass'tSurg., Aug. 8, 1862. Wounded in action, June 30, 1864. Surg., Sept. 1, 1864. Discharged for disability, Mar. 11, 1865. First Lt. and Ass't Surg. U. S. Army, May 14, 1867. Capt, and Ass't Surg., Dec. 28, 1867. Now in service. VINCENT, WESLEY, Lapeer. Ass't Surg. 11th Inf'y, Dec. 29, 1862. Resigned Ap'l 12, 1863. Surg. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col. Inf'y, Feb. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 30,^ 1865, and honorably discharged. VINTON, WARREN G., Detroit. Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned Dec. 29, 1862, and honorably discharged. VINTON, HARVEY H., Vergennes. First Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Capt., Mar. 16, 1863, Maj., May 19, 1864. Lt. Col., June 6, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. VON KROUT, MAX, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 3d Inf'y, May 13, 1861. Capt., Aug. 1, 18Gi. Resigned Nov. 28, 1861, for disability, and honorably discharged. VOORHEIS, DANIEL C, Belleville. Entered service Aug. 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Not mustered as an oflBcer. Mustered out June 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. VOSPER, BENJAMIN, Saranac. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y I, 21st lut'y. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability xMay 31, 18t54. VOSPER, MASON, Boston. Entered service Mar. 24, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 2d Inf'y. Second Lt. 27th Inf y, Ap 1 20, 1864. Killed in action near Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug. 19, 1864 VOSPER, RICHARD, Hillsdale. Capt. 2d Comp'y S. S., 27th Inf'y, Feb. 27, 1864. Wounded in action in front of Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. Resigned Sept. 27, 1864, and honorably discharged. VOSBURG, BERNARD, Galesburg. Capt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned July 12, 1862, and honorably discharged. VOWELS, HENRY C, New Hudson. Entered service Jan. 20, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 3d cav., . Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. VREELAND, MICHAEL J., Brownstown. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Serg't Uoiup'y I, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 16, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Lt. Col. 4th Inf y, July 26, 1864. Bvt. Col. and Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gal- lant an 1 meritorious service during the war." Mustered out May 26, 1866, and hon- orably discharged. VREELAND, JOHN S., Adrian. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y K, 1st (3 luonthb) Infy. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. Capt., Doc. 25, 1863. Killed in action at Spottsylvauia, Va., May 12, 1864. VREELAND, WILLIAM S., Brownstown. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. First Li., Feb. 9, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. VROOMAN, SIDNEY B., Jonesville. First Lt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Capt., May 22, 1(562. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 2, 1864, and honorably discharged. WADDELL, ANDREW D., Howell. First Lt. 5th Inf'y, Fob. 1, 1864. Mustered out June y, 1564, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 955 WADE, WILLIAM W„ Jonesville. Second Lt. 7th Inf y, June 19, 1861. First Lt., May 22, 1862. Q. M., May 1, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 5, 1864. First Lt. and Q. M. 30tti Inf y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WADE, MYEON C, Jackson. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 9th Infy, . Second Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Resigned Aug. 10, 1865, aud honorably dis- charged. WAGAR, ALBERT, Prairie Ronde. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 25th Int'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 4, 1864. First Lt., Jan. o, 1864. Honorably dis- charged for disability Oct. 28, 1864. WAGER, MARTIN, Battle Creek. Second Lt. 1st S. S., June 3, 1863. Killed in action in front of Petersburg, Va., June 23, 1864. WAIT, DANIEL, Owosso. Second Lt. 14th Infy, Nov. 18, 1861. Resigned Feb. 4, 1863, and honorably discharged. WAITE, CHARLES, Rockland. First Lt. 27th Infy, Oct. 10, 1862. Capt., Jlay 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. Lt. Col., Nov. 18, lb64. Col. Mar. 6, 1865. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's," Ap'l 2, 1865, "for conspicuous gal- lantry in the assault upon Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 26, 1866, and hon- orably discharged. WAKENSHAW, WILLIAM, Owosso. First Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Capt., June 1, 1862. Wounded in action in the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864, with loss of arm. Re- signed Nov. 6, 18G4. Capt. Vet. Reserve Corps, Nov. 7, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 13, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALBRIDGE, FIIANK E., Kalamazoo. First Lt. and Q. M. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, June 9, 1862. Died at Kalamazoo, Ap'l 6, 1863. WALBRIDGE, NELSON H., Richland. Capt. 8th Infy, Aug. 12, 1861. Resigned Oct. 27, 1862, and honorably discharged. WALBRIDGE, HENRY. St. Johns. Capt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 3, 1864, and honorably discharged. WALDRON, GEORGE W., Pontiac. Entered sei-vice Mar. 26, 1862. Com. Serg't 5th Infy, . Second Lt., Sept. 12, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt., Jan. 25, 1863. Wounded in action at Locust Grove, Va., Nov. 27, 1863. Capt. and Com. of Subs. U. S. Vol's, May 18, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Aug. 23, 1865, " for faithful and meritorious- service." Mustered out Oct. 9, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALKER, ALEXANDER, Niles. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct! 15, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Maj., Feb. 14, 1864. Honorably discharged for dis- abihty, Nov. 28, 1864. WALKER, CHARLES M., Lapeer. First Lt. and Q. M. 7th Infy, Aug. 7, 1861. Re- signed May 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. WALKER, HENRY W., Ovid. Entered service Oct. 1, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 2d Cav., . First Lt. and Q. INl., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALKER, SAMUEL G., Litchfield. Entered service June 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 4th Infy, . Second Lt., July 18, 1862. Mustered out June 30, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. WALKER, THOMAS A., St. Joseph. Entered service Oct. 2, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 12th Infy, . Second Lt., Mar. 19, 1864. Resigned Oct. 11, 1864, and honoral)ly discharged. WALKER, WILLIAM B., Owosso. Entered service Sept. 6, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 10th Infy. Second Lt., July 20. 1864. Furst Lt., Nov. 8, 1864. Capt., May 8, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALLACE, ELMER D., Detroit, Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Hosp'l Stew'd 24th Infy. First Lt., Oct. 17, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, aud honorably dis- charged. S56 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK, WALLACE, HENRY F., Coruima. First Lt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Sliiloli, Teun., Ap'i 6, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, s>epD. 1, 1862. WALLACE, JAMES N., Lyons. Second Lt. 9Lh Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., July, 28, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1863, lor promotion in Coi'd Troops. No further record. WALLACE, ROBERT C, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Inf y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Supernumerary Second Lt. 5lh Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 18, 1863. Talcen prisoner at Hawkhurst's Mill. , Va., Ap'i ly, 1863. Exchanged, . First Lt., Nov. 2, 1863. Capt., Aug. 24, 1861. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the ■war." Maj., Ap'i l4, 1865. Mustered ouc June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALLACE, THOMAS, St. Joseph. Capt. 12th Inf'y, Oct. 10, 1861. Resigned May 2, 1862, and honorably discharged. WALLACE, WALTER H., Brownstown. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 2d Inf'y, -. First Lt. 21th Inf y, July 26, 1862. Killed in action at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 1, 1863. WALLIN, ALFRED C, Chicago, III. Second Lt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. First Lt., Jan. 31, 1862. Resigned June 30, 1862, and honorably discharged. WALT, JOHNSON, Marshall. Entered service Sept. 13, 1861. Serg't Comp'y M, 2d Cav., . second Lt. July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALTERS, SIDNEY, Clarkston. Entered service Sept. 8, 1863, as Corp'I Comp'y L, loth Cav. Second Lt., Aug. 10, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALSH, PATRICK, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 18, 1861. Capt., Mar. 25, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. WALSH, MARTIN, Mill Point. Entered service Nov. 1, 1862. Com. Serg't 14th Infy, — . Second Lt., Aug. 8, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. WANDS, HAZZARD P., St. Clair. First Lt., 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Capt., June 6, 1863. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Paroled Mar. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out June 26, 1865, and honorably dibcharged. WARD, JAMES, Lansing. First Lt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Transferred to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865. Capt., July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honoi'abiy discharged. WARD, MATTHEW H., West Point, N. Y. First Lt. and Q, M. 9th Cav., Dec. 5, 1863. Honorably discharged Nov. 30, 1864. WARD, JOHN W., Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 29, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 16th Infy, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WARNER, HENRY D., Lansing. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Seigt Coinp y F, 17th Inf y, . First Lt., Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WARNER, HIRAM S., Marshall. Second Lt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Mu.-. teied out Aug. 7, 1861. Fii st Lt. l&t Infy, Aug. 17, 1861. Capt., Dec. 10, 18. .1 Resigned Jan. 16, 1862. First Lt. and Adjt. 2()th Inf y, July 19, 1862. Q. M., Fel.. 24, 1863. Honorably discharged for disability July 20, 1864. WARNER, LINUS F., Royalton. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Maj, t. 12, ISCi Transferred to 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 27, 1866, and honorably discharged. WARNER, SILAS P., Grass Lake. Capt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Dec. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 957 WAENER, JEEOME B., Marshall. Entered service Oct. 31, 18G2, as Scrg't Comp'y A, 8Lh Cav. First Lt., Jan. 8, 1864. Capt., Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WARREN, GEORGE C, Detroit. Entered service June 10, 1863, as Serg't Bntt. M, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Sept. 27, 1864. On detached service at muster out of Batt. WARREN, LANDON, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 16, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 20th Inf'y. First Lt. and Q. M., Aug. 22, 1864. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WARREN, LEVI S., Flint. Entered service Jan. 4, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y F, 4th Cav. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Ap'l 22, 1864. Honorably discharged Feb. 28, 1865. WARREN, MILES, Quincy. Second Lt. 11th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1861. Resigned Feb. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. WARREN, ROBERT L., Flint. Entered service Aug. 6, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 23d Inf'y. Second Lt. 27th Inf'y, Jan. 8, 1863. Resigned Oct. 27, 1863, and honorably discharged. WARREN, ROBERT S., Detroit. Second Lt. 1st Cav., Nov. 17, 1863. Killed in action at Trevillian Station, Va., June 12, 1864. WARRING, WILLIAM, Oberlin, 0. Chap. 1st Mich., or 102d U. S. Col'd Inf'y, . Resigned May 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATERMAN, JOHN H., Burr Oak. Capt. 7th Inf'y, June 19, 1861. Resigned Jan. 2, 1862. Capt. 15th Inf'y, Jan. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 21, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. WATERMAN, ASA E., Hartland. Entered service Jan. 1, 1862. Serg't Batt. H, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Ap'l 25, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATERMAN, JASPER A., Hillsdale. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned Sept. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. WATERS, ELIJAH D., Grand Rapids. Maj. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned May 7, 1863, and honorably discharged. WATERS, THOMAS J., Muskegon. Entered service June 10, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Inf'v. Second Lt., Oct. 28, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 5, 1862. Wounded at Groveton, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. Capt., Mar. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 10, 1864, and honorably discharged. WATERS, GILBERT E., Fentonville. Ass't Surg. 22d Inf'y, June 18, 1863. Not mus- tered. WATKINS, CHARLES W., Grand Rapids, Entered service Aug. 29, 1862, as Pvt. Comp'y B. 6th Cav. Second Lt. 10th Cav., May 25, 1864. First Lt. and Adjt., June 16, 1865. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, March 13, 1S65, "for gallantry in action at Abott's Creek, N. C, and for meritorious conduct during the raid of Gen. Stoneman's Cavalry in the spring of 1865." Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATKINS, ORESTUS, Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 26, 1861. Hospital Stew- ard 2d Cav,, . Ass't Surg., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATKINS, CHARLES G., Grand Blanc. Entered service Aug. 13, 1861. Com. Serg't 8th Inf'y, , First Lt., Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATKINS, GILBERT A., Porter. Entered service Aug. 12, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 9th I„f y^ . Second Lt., Oct. 15, 1864. Furst Lt., Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATROUS, WILLIAM W., Marshall. Entered service Feb. 10, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 12, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. 958 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. WATSON, AMASA B., Muskegon. Maj. 8th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Wounded in action at Port Koyal, S. C, Jan. 1, 1862. Besigned Sept. 10, 1862, and honorably discharged. WATSON, CHARLES, Marshall. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 6th luf'y. Second Lt., Sept. 1, 1862. First Lt., Oct. 1, 1863. Resigned duly 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. WATSON, CHARLES, Lyons. Entered service Aug. 21, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y B, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 2, 1S65. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WATSON, EDWARD M., Marquette. Entered service Aug. 23, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y B, 1st Cav. First Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Capt., iMar. 15, 1864. Wounded in action at Morristovrn, Tenn., . Resigned as First Lt., Sept. 15, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. WATSON, JAMES W., Colon. Entered service July 10, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y C. 17th Infy. First Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATSON, NATHANIEL P., York. Capt. HaU's S. S., Sept. 13, 1864. Transferred to 1st S. S. Mar. 15, 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATTS, JOHN S., Adrian. Second Ass't Surg. 4th Infy, Aug. 23, 1862. Ass't Surg., Mar. 13, 1863. Mustered out June 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. WATTS, RICHARD A. Adrian. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y K, 1st (3 months) Infy. Wounded in action at Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. First Lu, Feb. 1, 1863. Adjt., Nov. 1, 1863. Wounded in action la front of Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, to date July 6, 1864, "for gallant and distinguished service at the battle of Spottsylvania, Va., and during the operations in front of Petersburg, Va. " AVounded in action at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Capt., Oct. 14, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 25, 1865, "for gallant and distinguished service at Fort Stead- man, Va." Wounded in action at Petersburg, Va., Ap'l 2, 1865. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for gallant and distinguished service in the assault upon the ene- my's lines in front of Fort Sedgwick, Va." Mustered out July 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WAY, WILLIAM B., Pontiac. First Lt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Maj. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Lt. CuL, Nov. 30, 1863. Col. June 27, 1865. Mustered out as Lt. Col., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. WAY, WILLIAM C, Plymouth. Chap. 24th Infy, July 26, 1862. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEARE, DANIEL G., Pentwater. Surg. 6th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEATHERHEAD, WM. A., Tecumseh. First Lt. 18th Infy, July 27, 1862. Capt., Feb. 21, 1864. Taken prisoner at Athens, Ala,, Sept. 24, 1864. Paroled Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEATHERWAX, JOHN M., Georgetown. Second Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Capt., July 1, 1862. Wounded in action at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Wounded m action at Mossy Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, and honor- ably discharged. WEATHERWAX, GEORGE, Georgetown. Capt. 3d Infy, May 13, 1861. Resigned Oct. 19, 1861, for disability, and honorably discharged. WEATHERWAX, JACOB, Georgetown. Entered service Oct. 3, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y M., 10th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 22, 1864. Resigned Nov. 5, 1864, cause, disabiUty, and honorably discharged. WEATHERWAX, BEN K., Georgetown, Capt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Killed in action at Watauga Bridge, Carter's Station, Tenn., Ap'i 25, 1864. WEAVER, LELAND S., Newaygo. Ass't Surg. 3d Cav., Mar. 10, 1865. Not mustered. ■ MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 959 WEAVER, STEPHEN J., Niles. Entered service Jan. 6,1862. Serg't Maj. 12th Infv, . Second Lt, Jan. 7, 1865. Resigned June 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEAVER, FRANKLIN D., Buchanan. Second Lt. 25th Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1862. First Lt., July 26, 1863. Died of disease at Mossy Creek, Tenn., Ap'l 2, 1864, WEBB, ROLLIN S., Monroe. Entered serv-ice Aug. 21, 1862. Serg't Comp'y C, 5th Cav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEBB, CARLOS N., Saline. Entered service Jan. 4, 1864, as Pvt. 6th Inf'y. Second Lt. nth Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 18G5, and honorably discharged. WEBB, CLEMENT C, Kalamazoo. Capt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Wounded in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 29, 1862. Died Feb, 14, 1863, of wounds received Dec, 29, 1862. WEBBER, JACOB, Lansing. First Lt. 16th Inf'y, Aug. 9, 1861. Resigned Jan. 19, 1863, and honorably discharged. WEBER, PETER A., Grand Rapids, Batt. Adjt, 2d Cav., ^ept. 2, 1861. Mustered out June 1, 1862. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Killed in action at Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. WEBSTER, GUY, Ionia, Entered service Sept. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'v D, 3d Cav. Second Lt., June 10, 1862. First Lt., Nov, 1, 1862, Mustered out Oct, 3, 1864, and honorably discharged. WEBSTER, LEWIS M., Flint. Entered service Aug. 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 8th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 5, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 20, 1864. Resigned May 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEBSTER, LEWIS, East Saginaw. First Lt. 16th Inf'y, Mar. 19, 1862. Capt., July 29, 1862. Resigned Dec. 11, 1862, and honorably discharged. WEEKS, WILLIAM C, Saugatuck. Entered service July 22, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 5th Cav., . First Lt., Feb. 1, 18(i5. Wounded in action at Five Forks, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865. Honorably discharged July 20, 1865. WEEKS, JOSEPH H., Battle Creek. First Lt. 20th Inf'y, July 29, 1862. Resigned Feb, 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. WEEKS, EDGAR, Mt. Clemens. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Compy B, 5th Inf'y. First Lt. and Adjt. 22d Inf'y, Aug. 2, 1862. Capt., Nov. 27, 1862. Resigned Nov. 17, 1863, and honorably discharged. WEIMER, GEORGE, Saranac. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 21st Infy, . Second Lt., Dec. 16, 1862. First Lt., Feb. 3, 1863. Capt,, Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEIR, THOMAS B., Ann Arbor. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., June 19, 1862. Capt., Nov. 1, 1862. Taken prisoner June 26, 1862. Exchanged, . Jlaj., Dec. 7, 18ti4. Lt. Col., July 4, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866. First Lt. 7th U. S. Cav., July 28, 1866. Capt., July 31, 1867. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Army, July 31, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Farmington, Tenn." B\t. Lt. Col. U. S. Aimy, July 31, 1867, "lor gallant and meritorious service in the engage- ment with Gen. Forrest near Ripley, Miss., Dec. 1, 1863." Died at N. Y. City, Dec. 9, 1876. WEIR, ANDREW C, Hillsdale. First Lt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. WELCH, AMOS C, Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. WELCH, EDWARD G., Ann Arbor. Entered service Oct. 1, 1862. Com. Serg't 16th Infy, . Second Lt., May 8, 1865. First Lt., July 7, 1865, Mustered out as Second Lt,, July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. 960 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. WELCH, JOHN C, Niles. Entered service Dec. 25, 1861. Serpr't Comp'y C, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt, July 3, 1864. First Lt, Jan. 7, 1865. Capt., Ap'l 15, 1865. Mus- tered out Feb. 15, 1866, and lionorably discliarged. WELCH, NORVAL E., Ann Arbor. Maj. 16tli Infv, Aug. 22, 1861. Lt. Col., July 6, 1862. CoL, May 8, 1863. Killed in action near Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. WELCH, WALLACE, Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 16, 1861, as Q. M. Serg't 16th Inf'y. First Lt. and Q. M., Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out July 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WELLING, DEWITT C, Jackson. Entered service ISTay 1, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y B, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. RetSntered service Nov. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 10, 1862. First Lt., May 13, 1863. Wounded in action at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Honorably discharged for disabiUty, Feb. 22, 1865. WELLINGS, JAMES H., Dewitt. Entered service , as Pvt. 1st Independent Comp'y S. S. Second Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 1, 1864. Honorably discharged Dec. 28, 1864. WELLINGTON, ELBRIDGE G., Bengal. Entered service July 18, 18G2, as Serg't Comp'y A, 23d Inf'y. Second Lt., Feb. 26, 1863. First Lt., July 16, 1864. Resigned Aug. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged. WELLINGTON, DANIEL T., St. Johns. Entered service Oct. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 3d Cav., . Second Lt.. Aug. 30, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 3, 1864. Capt., Dec. 7, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WELLS, ALBERT, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 19, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y B, 1st Eng's and Mech's. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 26, 1864, and hon- orably discharged. WELLS, ALLEN G., Wellsville. Capt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Mar31, 1863, and honorably discharged. WELLS, BEZALEEL P., Niles. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. WELLS, DANIEL T., Detroit. Capt. 1st Cav.. Nov. 12, 1862. Resigned June 21, 1863. Second Lt. 8th U. S. Inf'y, to rank from Feb. 19, 1863. Bvt. 1st Lt., Sept. 29, 1864, "for gallant and meritorious service in the assault on Fort Harrison, Va." Bvt. Capt, U. S. Army, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg, Va." Bvt. Maj. U. S. Army, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for gallant conduct in the capture of Fort Harrison, Va., and succeeding engagements at that place." First Lt. 8th U. S. Inf y, Feb. 13, 1866. Regimental Adjt., Nov. 21, 1866, to Mar. 1, 1868. Capt., Dec. 15, 1874. Now in service. WELLS, GEORGE A., Ann Arbor. Entered service Sept. 23, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 8tb Inf'y, . Second Lt., Ap'l 15. 1863. First Lt., June 17, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 5, 1864, and honorably discharged. WELLS, GEORGE H., Tecumseh. Second Lt. 18th Inf'y, July 27, 1862. Resigned Dec. 10, 1862, and honorably discharged. WELLS, GEORGE M., Niles. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Transferred to 8th Cav. upon consolidation, July 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WELLS, HENRY H., Detroit. Maj. 26th Inf'y, Oct. 4, 18G2. Lt. Col., Oct. 9, 1862. Col., Mar. 30, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, June 3, 1865, " for meritorious ber- vice." Mustered out Sept. 27, 1865, and honorably discharged. WELLS, HENRY A., Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 17, 1861. Serg't Comp'y 0, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 17, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WELLS, JAMES M., Schoolcraft. Entered service Dec. 23, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y F, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Mar. 2, 1863. Taken prisoner in action near Athens, Tenn., MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. »61 Sept 27, 1863. Escaped from Libby Prison, Feb. 9, 1864. Capt., May 2, 1864. Taken prisoner during Stoneman's raid, Aug. 31, 1864. Exchanged Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably dis- charged. WELLS, JOHN H., Comstock. First Lt. 25th Infy, Aug. 10, 1862. Capt., Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. WELLS, MORRIL, Kalamazoo. Entered service Sept. 30, 1861. Serg't Oomp'y F, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Sept. 5, 1864. First Lt., Nov. 17, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WELLS, MORRIS B., Ionia. Second Lt. 16th Infy, Aug. 9, 1861. First Lt. and Adjt. 21st Infy, July 26, 1862. Wounded in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 3, 1863. Billed in action at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. WELLS, RICHARD D., Oakfield. Entered service Oct. 31, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 13th Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 7, 1863. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out , and honorably discharged. WELLS, SAMUEL, Prairie Ronde. First Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Capt., Mar. 2, 1863. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. WELLS, THOMAS W., Marshall. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862. Serg't Maj. 17th Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 22, 1863. Resigned Aug. 3, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. WELTON, EVERARD B., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 24th Infy. First Lt., July 1, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1805, and honorably dis- charged. WELTON, FERDINAND, Detroit. Entered service Aug. 18, 1862. Serg't Comp'y H, 24th Infy, . First Lt.. Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. WEMPLE, CHARLES P., Grass Lake. Entered service Aug. 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'y F, 17th Infy, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mus- tered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. WENDELL, CHARLES E., Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st (3 months) Infy. Capt. 1st Infy, Aug. 17. 1861. Killed in action at Bull Run, ■Va., Aug. 30, 1862. WESENER, HUGO, Saginaw. Second Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Resigned Ap'1 16, 1862, and honorably discharged. WEST, DANIEL, Attica. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Deo. 20, 1862, and honorably discharged. WEST, ICHABOD M.. Adrian. Entered service Sept. 1, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y G, 11th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 14, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 18, 1864. Mustered out Mar. 7, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEST, GEORGE S., Lexington, Supernumerary Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. WEST, GEORGE I., Lexington. Capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 1, 1863. Maj., Feb. 1, 1864. Resigned Jan. 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. WEST, LEVI, Adrian. Entered service Aug. 28, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 15th Infy, . Second Lt., June 6, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WEST, ARNOLD J., Saginaw. First Lt. 3d Comp'y S. S., 16th Infy, May 1, 1864. Wounded in action Sept. 30, 1864. Capt. 16th Infy, May 8, 1865. Honorably dis- charged as First Lt. May 15, 1865. WESTON, RUSSELL M., NUes. Capt. 12th Inf' y, Oct 13, 1861. Resigned May 7, 1862, and houorably discharged. 121 9«3 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. WESTFALL, BENJAMIN, Hudson. Entered service June 20, 1861. Sera't Ooap'y F, 4th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Mar. 7, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. Mustered out June 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. WETHERALD, EICHARD C, Flint. Second Lt. 13th Batt. Light Ait., Dec. 12, 1862. Mustered out Feb. 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. WETMOEE, ALBERT G., Allegan. Entered service Oct. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 13th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 26, 1864. First Lt., July 5, 1865. Aiusiered out as Second Lt., July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHALEY, JOHN, Kalamazoo. First Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. Resigned Nov. 24, 1862, and honorably discharged. WHALLON, JAMES M., Fawn River. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Maj. 11th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 7, 1863. Resigned Jan. 15, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. WHEAT, EDWARD S., Quincy. First Lt. Batt. D, 1st Light Art., June 20, 1862. Mus- tered out Feb. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHEATON, JAMES H., Chelsea. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y D, Ist (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. RelMitered service Aug. 19, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Inf'y. Second Lt., July 14, 1862. Wounded at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Capt., Jan. 1, 1864. Killed in action near Poplar Grove Church, Va., Sept. 30, 1864. WHEDON. ALBERT, S., Batavia. Entered service Dec. 29, 1864. Serg't Maj. 30th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 31,1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHEELER, FRANK, Tecumseh. Entered service June 20, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 4th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 1, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. WHEELER, HARRISON H., Bav City. Entered service Nov. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 2, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 31, 1863. Wounded in action at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. Capt., Feb. 24, 1865. Resigned to date Feb. 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHEELER, GEORGE S., Green Oak. First Lt, 5th Cav., Aug. 14, 1862. Honorably discharged Mar. 27, 1863. WHEELER, WILLIAM W., St. Joseph. Capt. 6th luf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Maj. 23d Inf'y, Ap'16, 1863. Lt. Col., Ap'l 16, 1864. Col. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WHEELER, WILLIAM H., Adrian, Entered service Aug, 21, 1861, as Corpl Comp'y E, 1st Cav. First Lt., Nov. 12, 1862. Mustered out Oct. 14, 1864, and honorably dis- charged. WHEELER, WILLIAM T,, Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y F, 1st (3 months) Inf'y. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Second Lt., 8th Inf'v, Nov. 15, 1861. Resigned Ap'l 7, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 24th Inl'y, July 29, 1862. Second Lt., Mar. 1, 1863. Mustered out , and honorably discharged. WHELAN, ARVIN P., Hillsdale. Ass't Surg. 11th Inf'v, Nov. 12, 1861. Resigned Oct. 13, 1662. Surg. 1st S. S., Jan. 1, 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, " for faitiifui and meritorious service." Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHIPPLE, WILLIAM L , Detroit. First Lt. Comp'y H. 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican war, Oct. 30, 1847. Mustered out, July 23, 1848. Capt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Lt. Col. 21st Inf'y, Aug. 13, 1862. Died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1862. WHIPPLE, JOHN C, Monroe. Entered sei-vlce June 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 4th lufy, . First Lt. 18th Inf'y, Aug. 13, 1862. Adjt., Oct. 6, 1862. Capt., Ap'l 17, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865, snid honorably discharged. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 963 IVHIPPLE, FRANCIS, Hillsdale. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y C, Ist U. 8. S. S. Second Lt. 1st Mich. S. S., Mar. 31, i863. Wounded in action at Spott- sylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. First Lt., June 20, 1864. Mustered out Deo. 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. WHIPPLE, HENRY C, Grand Rapids. First Lt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. First Lt. and Adjt., Ap'l 15, 1863. Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Sept. 19, 1863. Re- signed Ap'l 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHISSEN, WILSON H., Detroit. First Lt. Batt. H, 1st Light Art,, Mar. 10, 1862. Resigned Dec. 22, 1862, and honorably discharged. First Lt., Mar, 15, 1863. Not mustered. WHITCOMB, LEWIS J., Paw Paw. Chap. 13th Inf'y, Aug. 7, 1863. Honorably dis- charged for disability, Mar. 17, 1865. WHITE, ADRIAN C, Battle Creek. Entered service July 23, 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th Inf'y, . First Lt., Oct. 24, 1864. Adjt. to rank" from Aug. 22, 1864. Capt., Mar. 11, 1865. Mustered out as Adjt,, May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, DAVID, Allegan. Entered service Sept. 4, 1861. Serg't Comp'y A, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Dec. 7, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably dis- charged. WHITE, FRANK H., Grand Haven. Entered service Feb. 5, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 14th Inf'y. Second Lt., Dec. 1, 1862. First Lt. and Q. M., Dec. 1, 1862. Mustered out Mar. 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, GEORGE S., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 30, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y K, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 25, 1862. First Lt., July 3, 1863. Q. M., Mar. 5, 1864. Capt., Aug. 1, 1864. Declined. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vols, Mar. 13, lb65, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honor- ably discharged. "WHITE, GEORGE W., Fentonville. Entered service Sept. 20, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Eng's and Mech's. Second Lt., Aug. 18, 1862. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Mus- tered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. WHITE, HENRY K, Lapeer. Capt. 1st Cav., Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Nov. 5, 1862, and honorably discharged. WHITE, HENRY M., Northvillo. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Oav., . Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. First Lt., July 3, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, JACOB M., Kalamazoo. Entered service Nov. 21, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 1st Eng's and Mech's, . Second Lt., May 29, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, JAMES E., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. Adj't, Dec. 24, 1862. Capt., Jan. 20, 1863. Resigned Sept. 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. WHITE, NATHAN F., Ypsilanti. Entered service Mar. 6, 1863, as Pvt. Comp'y G, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 25, 1863. Resigned Ap'l 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. WHITE, PHINEAS G., Lapeer. Entered service Aug. 29, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Cav. Second Lt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1863. Resigned July 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, SAMUEL, Jb., Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 16, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y D, 10th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 5, 1864. Resigned Aug. 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITE, SHUBAEL P., Convls. First Lt. 28th Inf'y, Aug. 15, 1864. Capt., Dec. 10. 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honorably dischaiged. WHITE, WILLIAM, Saugatuck. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862. S(>rg't Comp'y I, 5th Cav,, . Second Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. 964 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. WHITE, WILLIAM H., Wayland. First Lt. 17th Infy, June 17, 1862. Resigned Maiv 20, 1863, and honorably discharged. WHITE, WILLIAM H., Otsego. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y G, 6th Inf'y, . First Lt., July 1, 1862. Died of disease at Carrolton, La., Oct. 19, 1862. WHITEHEAD, ALVAN H., Waterford. Entered service Dec. 28, 1861, as Serg't Compy F. 9th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1863. First Lt., Oct. 17, 1864. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITING, DEGARMO, J., Detroit. First Lt. and Q. M. 2d Inf'y, Oct. 28, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's, Nov. 26, 1862. Died near Washington, D. C, June 24, 1864. WHITING, DEWITT C, London. Entered service Aug. 8, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y H, 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 16, 1863. Resigned Jan. 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITING, HENRY R., Detroit. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Paroled, . Capt., May 6, 1864. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 1, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg, and at the battle of Five Forks, Va." Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WHITING, SHUBAEL 0„ Detroit. Entered service Sept. 14, 1863, as Pvt. Comp'y B, 27th Inf'y. Second Lt., June 3, 1864. First Lt., May 15, 1865. Bvt. First Lt. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry before Petersburg, Va." Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITMAN, JNO. J., Lansing. First Lt. Comp'y B, 2d U. S. S. S, Aug. 25, 1861. Died at Keedysville, Md., Sept. 18, 1862, of wounds received in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. WHITMAN, BENJ. S., Berlin. Capt. 2d Cav., Sept. 2, 1861. Resigned May 12, 1862, and honorably discharged. WHITMER, ISRAEL P., Atlas. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Nov. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITNEY, GEORGE C, Hadley. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y F, 1st Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 25, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 4, 1864. Killed in action at Five Forks, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865. WHITNEY, ABRAHAM J., Hastings. Second Lt. 3d Inf'y, May 13. 1861. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Capt., June 9. 1862. Resigned Sept. 26, 1862, and honorably discharged. WHITNEY, WILLIAM G„ Allen. Entered service Aug. 24, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 11th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Jan. 7, 1863. First Lt., June 17, 1864. Capt., Mar. 1, 1865. Muttered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITNEY, MINDRUS H. Cedar Springs. Entered service Dec. 24, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 14th Inf'y. Second Lt., May 23, 1863. First Lt., July 10, 1864. Honora- bly discharged Dec. 29, 1864. WHITTELSEY, FRANKLIN M., Ypsilanti. Capt. 1st (3 months) Infv, May 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Maj. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 10, 1861. Lt. Col., Ap'l 28, 1862. Col., Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Mar. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. WHITTELSEY, EBEN T., Ypsilanti. First Lt. and Adjt. 1st Inf'y, Oct. 4, 1861. Capt.,. May 5, 1862. Killed in action at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. WHITTEMORE, WALTER, Bay City. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 2d Cav. Second Lt., May 27, 1863. First Lt., May 5, 1864. Capt., Sept. 23, 1864. Maj., 136 U. S. Col. Troops, June 8, 1865. No further record. WHITTEN, DAVID J., Niles. Entered service Oct. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y C, 12tb Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 6, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 7, 1865. Resigned Nov. 18,. 1865, and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 965 WHITTON, ROBERT, East Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 17, 1864, as Hosp'l Stew'd 29th Inf'y. Second Lt., Auij. 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. WHITTLESEY, HENRY M., Detroit. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. and Com. Brigade, Mich. State Troops, Ap'l 24, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Vol's on Gen. A. S. WiUiams" staff, Oct. 31, 1861, Bvt. Maj., Lt. Col., Col., and Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out July 17, 1867, and honorably discharged. WICKHAM, CHARLES H., Muir. First Lt. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned Jan. 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WIDDICOMB, WILLIAM, Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 7, 1861. Com. Sergt 1st Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 27, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Mar. 10, 1863, and honorably discharged. WIDEMAN, HENRY, Lexington. Entered service Dec. 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'yD, 10th Inf'y. Second Lt, Nov. 8, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Capt., June 7, 1865. Mustered out July 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. WIGGINS, SAMUEL A., Detroit. First Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12. 1861. Capt., June 23, 1862. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Released Dec. 3, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WIGHT, ALDEN H., Pulaski. Entered service Feb. 21, 1865. Serg't Comp'y D, 11th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. WIGHT, EDWIN B., Detroit. Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Maj., June 1, 1863. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Honorably discharged Nov. 17, 1863. WIGHT, WILLIAM W., Livonia. Capt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Lt. Col., Nov. 22, 1863. Resigned June 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. WIGHTMAN, LEONARD, Hastings. Entered service Nov. 21, 1861. Corp'l Batt. E, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Oct. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 16, 1864. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, June 20, 1865, "for meritorious service." Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILBUR ALMERICK W., Quincy. Entered service Ap'l 24, 1861. Serg't Batt. A, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Nov. 24. 1862. First Lt., Sept. 21, 1863. Capt., Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILBUR, EDWIN R., Three Rivers. Entered service Sept. 11, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 25th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. First Lt., Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILCOX, ALFRED F., Jackson. First Lt., 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILCOX, IRVING F., Twinsbury, Ohio. Entered service July 4, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y A, 1st Inf'y. Second Lt., July 15, 1862. Wounded in action at Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Wounded in two places in action at Bull Run, Va., Aua. 3(i, 1S62. First Lt., Aug. 30, 1862. Adjt., Ap'l—, 1863. Resigned Sept.' 27, 1863. Second Lt. Vet. Resei-ve Corps, Sept. 5, 1863. First Lt., Dec. 8, lb63. Capt., Mar. 25, 1865. Mustered out Jan. 1, 1868, and honorably discharged. WILCOX, WILLIAM R., Walton. Entered service Aug. 29, 1864. Serg't Comp'y K, 28th Inf'y, . Second Lt,, July 6, 1865. Mustered out June 5, 1866, and honor- ably discharged, WILD, JOHNL., Caledonia. Entered service Sept. 10, 1863. as Chief Trumpeter 10th Cav. Second Lt., Ap'l 1, 1864. First Lt., Jan. 7, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILDER, JEFFERSON J., Capac. First Lt. 22d luf'y, July 31, 1862. Resigned Feb. 21, 1863, and honorably discharged. 966 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. WILDER, JEFFERSON J., Vassar. Second Lt. 29th Inf'y, July 29, 1864. First Lt.^ Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILDER, ROBERT M., Ooldwater. Second Lt. Batt. G, 1st Lif?ht Art., Oct. 3, IBGl. First Lt., Oct. 22, 1862. Resigned May 3, 1863, and honorably discharged. WILFORD, ALBERT, Huron. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862. Serjr't Comp'y G, 24th Infy, . First Lt., July 19, 1864:. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLEY, MARTIN L., Flint. Second Lt. 8th Inf'y, Dec. 1, 1862. First Lt., Mar. 27, 1«63. Bvt. Capt. U. S. Vol's, Ap'l 2, 1865, " for conspicuous gallantry before Peters- burg, Va." Capt. 8th Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1865. Mustered out July 30, 18GJ, and honor- ably discharged. WILKIE, EDWIN B., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y A, 24th Inf'y. First Lt., June 1, 1863. Capt., Jan. 21, 1865. iMustered out June 30, lb65, and honorably discharged. WILKINS, NICHOLAS, Mason. Entered service Aug. 22, 1861. Corp'l Comp'y B, 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., Mar. 1, 1862. Resigned June 24, 1862, and honorably dis- charged. WILKINS, WILLIAM D., Detroit. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Bvt. First Lt., U. S. A. "for gallant and meritorious conduct in several affairs with guerillas at Paso Ovegas, National Bridge, and Cerro Gordo, on Aug. 10, 12, and 15, liS47. First Lt., Aug. 20, 1847. Disbanded Aug. 7, 1848. Briaade Maj. State Troops, Ap'l 24, 1861. Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. D. S. Vol's on Gen. A. S. Williams's Staff, Aug. 27, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862. Paroled Sept. 25, 18(!:2. Taken prisoner at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Paroled June 2,1863. Re- signed on account of disability, Aug. 29, 1863, and honorably discharged. Bvt. Maj., Lt. Col., and Col. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." WILKINSON, FRED., Kalamazoo. Entered service May 25. 1861. Cora. Serg't 2d Inf'y, . Second Lt., Deo. 1, 1862. Resigned June 30, 1863, and honorably dis- charged. WILKINSON, WILLIAM, Romeo. Capt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. Maj., Oct. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Paroled Oct. 12, 1862. Lt. Col., Feb. 6, 1863. Bvt. Col. U. >. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritori- ous service during the war." Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILKINSON, WILLIAM H., Romeo. Entered service Aug. 31, 1864. Hosp'l Stw'd 9th Iiify^ . Second Lt., Aug. 10, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILKINSON, SMEDLEY, Quincy. First Lt. 8th Cav., Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 10,^ 1864. Cause, disability, and honorably discharged. WILLCOX, LYMAN G., Detroit. Capt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Maj., Oct. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. WILLCOX, ORLANDO B., Detroit. Cadet M. A., , 1843. Second Lt. 4th U. S. Art., July 1, 1847. First Lt., Ap'l 30, 1850. Resigned Sept. 10. 1857. Col. 1st (3 months) Mich. Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Wounded and tiiken prisoner at Bull Hun, Va., July 21, 1861. Exchanged Aug. 17, 1862. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, to date July 21, 1861. Bvt. Maj. Gen. IJ. S. Vol's, Aug. 1, 1864, "for distinguished and gallant service in the several actions since crossing the Rapidan." Mustered out Jan. 15, 1866. Col. 29th U. S. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Spotisylvania Court House, Va." Bvt. Maj. Gen., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the capture of Petersburg, Va. " Transferred to the 12th U. S. Inf y, Mar. 15, 1869. Now in service. WILLETT, A. MILAN, Muir. Capt. Comp'y I, 1st U. S. S. S., Oct. 12, 1861. Resigned Nov. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. WILLETT, FLOYD A., Kalamazoo. First Lt. Comp'y C, 1st U. S. S. S., Aug. 21, 1861. Promoted Maj. 1st Reg't U. S. S. S., . No further record. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK 967 WILLETTS, HENRY L., Detroit. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Serg't Compy A, 1st Cav. Second Lt, May 18, 1863. Mustered out Sept. — , 1863, and honorably discharged. WILLETTS, JOHN, Flint. Ass't Surg. 8th Inf'y, Nov. 22, 1862. Surg. 13th luf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLETTS WELLINGTON, Detroit. Capt. 7th Cav., Oct. 15, 1862. Taken prisoner at Hagerstown, Md., July 8, 1863. Exchanged . Honorably discharged for dis- abiUty May 3, 1865. WILLETTS WILLIAM, Birmingham. Entered service Aug. 12, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y D, 22d Infy. Second Lt., Aug. 3. 1863. Fkst Lt., Sept. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLIAMS ADOLPHUS W., Lansing. Maj. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Lt. Col., Mar. 6, 1862. Wounded slightly at Yorktown, Va., Ap'l -,.1862. Wounded in action at Williamsburg Va., May 5, 1862. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, IbbJ. Col 2UthIiify, July 26, 1862. Honorablvdisohargedfordisability Nov. 21, 1863. Bvt.^ Biig. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious sei-vice during the war. WILLIAMS, ALPHEUS S., Detroit. Lt. Col. 1st. Mich. Vol's, Mexican war Oct 18, 1«47. Mustered out July 23, 1848. Brig. Gen. State Troops, Ap 124 1861 Brig. Gen U S. Vol's, May 17, 1861. Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Jan. 12, 1865, for marked ability and energy during the war." Mustered out Jan. 15, 1866, and honor- ably discharged. WILLIAMS ELIAS G., FUnt. Entered semce Aug. 12, 1861, as Com. Serg't 8th Inf'y. First U.',Feb. 25. 1862. Q. M., Oct. 20, 1862. Resigned Mar. 20, 1863, and honor- ably discharged. WILLIAMS GEORGE S., Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Inf'y, ^^^_ Second Lt., Au'g. 1, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 1, 1862 Died at Waslungton, D. C. June 15, 1864, of wounds received in action at Cold Harbor, Va., Juue d, ISbl. WILLIAMS HARRISON H., Grand Blanc. Entered service Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comply A 8th Inf'y, Second Lt., Ap'l 20, 1864. Wounded m ac ion before PeSurk, Va.: June 17. 1864. First Lt., July 5. 1864. Honorably discharged for disability Nov. 17, 1864. WTTT TAM^ HENRY F Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 18, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 1st S's aid Mec^^^^^ Mar. 30. 1862. First Lt., July 30, 1862. Mus- tered out Oct. 26, 1864, and honorably discharged. WILLIAMS JAMES R., Saginaw. Entered service Dec. 4, 1861. Serg't Maj. 16th Inf'y. ^^^_.^ s'econd Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 8. 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLIAMS JOHN, Jackson. Entered service Dec. 19. 1863. QM. Serg't 8th Infy. ^^^_.^^ S'ecoiid Lt., June 6, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out July 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLIAMS, JOHN D., Argentine. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y, Nov. 5. 1862. Mustered out 8ept 15 1865, and honorably discharged. Iwi MusS out oi «plr»Uon ol term ol service, — , 1864, a-d honorably d,B- charged. 27, 1862. WTTTTAM^ -RTCHARD F Niles. Entered service Sept. 14, 1861. Serg't Comp'y L, .^ C^' ,'-^ sSond Lt Mar. 1, 1864. Capt., May 14, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 17 1865, and honorably discharged. 1866 nfuLtM-eS as Second Lt., July -io, 1»05. aud honorably daohargcd. 968 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. ■WILLIAMS, WILLIAM B., Allegan. Capt. 5thCav., Aug, 14, 1862, Kesigned June 11, 1863, and honorably discharged. WILLIAMSON, JNO. W., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861, Capt., May 28, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILLIS, LUKE B., Eaton Rapids. Capt. 20th Infy, July 29, 1862. Resigned Jan. 26, 1863. and honorably discharged. WILLSON, JAMES 0., Flint. Surg. 10th Infy, Dec. 7, 1861. Transferred to 8th Infy, Mar. 3, 1862. Honorably discharged for disability, Mar. 6, 1863. WILSON, DAVID G, Port Huron. Entered service Sept. 29, 1864, as Pvt. Comp'y E, 27th Infy. Ass't Surg. 5th Cav,, Mar. 10, 1865. Transferred to 1st Cav., June 13, 1865. Mustered out Mar. 10, 1866. and honorably discharged. WILSON, EDWIN A, Onekama. Entered service Aug. 21, 1861, as Corp'l Comp'y 0, 1st U. S. S. S. Second Lt., May 3, 1863. Wounded in action at Chancellorsville, Va.. May 3, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 21,"l863. Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 4^ 1864. Mustered out near Petersbui-g, Va., Aug. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. WILSON, GEORGE B., . Ass't Surg. 3d Infy, Oct. 15, 1861. Resigned June 4, 1862, and honorably discharged. WILSON, GEORGE W., St. Clair. Capt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Wounded in action at Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. Resigned Jan. 23, 1863, and honorably discharged. WILSON, GEORGE M., New Baltimore. Entered service Nov. 11, 1861, as Pvt. Batt. E, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Mar. 16, 1864. First Lt., Mar. 27, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILSON, ISAAC, Allegan. Second Lt. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. First Lt., Feb. 27, 1863. Capt., Oct. 1, 1863. Honorably discharged June 6, 1865. WILSON, JAMES H., Lansing. Entered service Jan. 1, 1862. Serg't Comp'y D, 14! h Infy, . Second Lt., July 7, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. On furlough at muster out of regiment. WILSON, JOHN, South Haven. Entered service July 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y G, 19th Infy. First Lt., Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WILSON, JOHN P., Pontiac. Surg. 5th Cav., Sept. 2, 1862. Honorably discha'-ged for disability, Oct. 23, 1863. WILSON, JOSEPH, Lowell. First Lt. 26th Infy, Sept. 26, 1862. Resigned Dec. 22. 1863, and honorably discharged. WILSON, JOSEPH, Hudson. First Lt. 11th Infy, Aug. 24, 1861. Capt., Aug. 18, 1862. Killed in action at Stone River, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1863. WILSON, LYMAN A., Green Oak. First Lt. 3d Infy, July 29, 1864. Capt., May 12, 1865. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. WILSON, ROBERT, Grand Rapids. Entered service July 28, 1862. Serg't Maj., 21st Infy, . First Lt., Aug. 24, 1863. Wounded in action at Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 19, 1865. Mubtered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILSON, SYLVESTER K., Dayton. Entered service Aug. 7, 18r.2, as Serg't Comp'y G, 2Gth Infy. Second Lt., Jan. 2, 1865. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., to date June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILSON, WINFIELD S., Dayton. Entered sei-vice Aug. 12, 1862. Serg't Comp'y G, 26th Infy, . First Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 4, 1865, and honorably discharged. WILTSIE, WENDELL D., Ann Arbor. Capt. 20th Infy, July 29, 1862. Died Nov. 27. 1863, of wounds received in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. WINANS, GEORGE A., Middlebury. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Com. Serg't 5th Infy, . First Lt., June 10, 1864. Capt., Oct. 12, 1S(;4. Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honor.ibly (iischarged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 9U9 WINANS, FRAZEY M., Monroe. Capt. 15th U. S. Inf y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Bvt. Maj., Aug, 15, 1847, " lor gallant and mfintorious conduct in several affairs with guerillas at Paso Ovegas, Nationnl Bridge, and Cerro Gordo, Mexico." Resigned May 6, 1848, and honorably discharged, Lt. Col. 7th Mich. luf y, June 19, 1861. Resigned iidy 21, 1862, and honorably discharged. WINANS, JAMES, Adrian. Entered service Aug. 13, 1862, as Q. M. Serg't 18th Inf'y. Second Lt., Jan. 16, 1863. Fu'st Lt. and Q. M., Mar. 30, 1863. Resigned Sept. 28, 1863, and honorably discharged. WINEGAR, WILLIAM, Grass Lake. Second Lt. 17th Inf'y, June 17, 1862. First Lt., Dec. 28, 1862. Capt., Sept. 14, 1863. Resigned Dec. 24, 1863, on account of disa- bility, and honorably discharged. WINEGAR, IRA, Saianac. Ass't Surg. 3d Inf'y, July 29, 1864. Resigned Mar. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. WING. LUCIUS M., Coldwater. Second Lt. 19th Inf'y, July 28, 1862. First Lt., May 1, 1863. Q. M., May 25. 1864. Capt., June 15, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. and Q. M., June 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. WINTERS, JAMES, Marshall. Capt. 6th Inf'y, Aug. 19, 1861. Resigned Oct. 9, 1861, and honorably discharged. WIRTS, JOHN R., Hudson. Second Lt. Comp'y 0, 1st U. S. S. S., Aug. 31, 1862. ■ Resigned Feb. 25, 1863, and honorably discharged. WIRTS, JOHN M., Hudson. Entered service Oct. 3, 1861, as Serg't Maj. 3d Cav. Second Lt., Feb. 27, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 13, 1862. Capt., Sept. 22, 1864. Mus- tered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WISE, DAVID A., Ypsilanti. First Lt. 1st (3 months) Infy, :\Iay 1, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. First Lt. and Q. M. 1st Inf'y, Aug. 17, 1861. Resigned May 15, 1862, and honorably discharged. WISE, CASSIUS M., Caledonia. Entered service Sept. 15, 1862, as musician Comp'y H, 6th Cav. Second Lt. 11th Cav., Sept. 10, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. WISE, HENRY L.. Caledonia. Capt. 6th Cav., Oct. 13, 1862. Maj. 11th Cav., Aug. 31, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, and honorably discharged. WISELOGEL, FREDERICK G., Albion. Entered service Dec. 24, 1861. Sergt Comp'y D, 12th Inf'y, . Second Lt., July 3, 1864. First Lt., Dec. 20, 1864. Capt., Ap'l 12, 1865. Mustered out Feb. 15,1866, and honorably discharged. WLSNER, IRA G.. Jonesville. Entered service Nov. 12, 1861, as Serg't Batt. G, 1st Light Art. Second Lt., Ap'l 18, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 6, 1865. Mustered out Ap'l 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. WISNER, MOSES, Pontiac. Col. 22d Inf'y, Aug. 8, 1862. Died of disease at Lexington, Ky., Jan. 4, 1863. WISNER, EDWARD M., Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 285 1861, as Serg't Comp'y D, 5th Inf'y. First Lt. 22d Inf'y, July 31, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863, and honorably discharged. WITHERELL, JUSTUS, Hillsdale. First Lt. 11th Inf'y, Mar. 1, 1865. Capt., May 31, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865, and honorably discharged. WITHERELL, CHARLES A., Detroit. First Lt. 2d Cav., Nov. 5, 1862. Resigned May 29, 1863, and honorably discharged. WITHERSPOON, ALEX., Detroit. Entered service Oct. 25, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 14th Inf'y. Second Lt., Nov. 21, 1862. First Lt., July 27, 1863. Wounded in action near Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. Honorably discharged for disability. May 10, iSiiS. WITHERSPOON, GEORGE, Detroit. Entered service Dec. 31, 1861, as Serg't Como'y H, 14th Infy. First Lt., Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out July 18, 1865, and honorably discharged. 123 970 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. WITHERSPOON, JNO.. Detroit. Entered service May 1, 1861, as Pvt. Comp'y A, Ist (3 months) luf y. Wounded in action at Bull Run, Julv 21, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1861. Serg't Comp'y B, 24th Inf'y, July 24, 1862. Second Lt., Dec. 13, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 1, 1863. Capt., Nov. 22, 1863. "Wounded in action at the Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WITIIINGTON, WILLIAM H., Jackson. Capt. 1st (3 months) Inf'y, May 1, 1861. Taken prisoner at Bull Run, Julv 21, 1861. Exchanged Jan. 30, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 31, 1862. Col. 17th Inf'y, Aug. 11, 1862. Resigned Mar. 21, 1863, and honorably discharg.d. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862." WOLAVER, ALONZO M., Talmadge. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 5th Cav. Second Lt., Nov. 17. 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 14, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOLCOTT, JOEL, Lowell. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y I, 26th Inf'y, . Second Lt., June 9, 1865. Not mustered as an officer, having died at Washington, D. C, May 24, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. WOOD, ABRAM E., Sturgis. Capt. 4th Inf'y, May 16, 1861. Killed on picket near Yorktown, Va., Ap'l 18, 1862. WOOD, ABNER B., St. Johns. Capt. 27th Inf'y, Dec. 20, 1863. Resigned Nov. 12, 1864, and honorably discharged. WOOD, ADDISON J., St. Charles. Entered service Aug. 29, 1864, as Serg't Comp'y F, 29th Inf'y. Second Lt., July 7, 1865. .Mustered out Sept. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOOD, ANDREW J., Dexter. Entered service Aug. 5, 1862. Serg't Comp'y E, 17th Inf'y, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOOD, ARTHUR, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 4th Cav., Aug. 13, 1862. Resigned Dec. 24, 1863, and honorably discharged. WOOD, CHARLES, Niles. Entered service Aug. 20, 1861. Serg't Comp'y K, 6th Inf'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 25, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 20, 1865, and honorably dis- charged. WOOD, CHARLES B., Jackson. First Lt. and Q. M. 4th Inf'y, Mar. 6, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. WOOD, DAVID H., Quincy. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, July 26, 1864. Fu-st Lt., Oct. 24, 1865. Mustered out May 26, 1866, and honorably discharged. WOOD, DELOS R., Hudson. Entered service Nov. 30, 1861. Serg't Batt. F, 1st Light Art., . Second Lt., Jan. 19, 1865. First Lt., Ap'l 6, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOOD, FRANK M., Adrian. First Lt. 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 25, 1861. Resigned Oct. 28, 1861, and honorably dischar^d. WOOD, JAMES A., Adrian. Entered service Nov. 15, 1862, as Serg't Comp'y B, 9th Cav. Second Lt., Sept. 15, 1864. First Lt., June 9, 1865. Mustered out as Second Lt., July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOOD, JOHN S., Dexter. Second Lt. Hall's S. S., Dec. 30, 1864. No further record. WOOD, JOSEPH, Coldwater. Chap. 19th Inf'y, Feb. 19, 1864. Not mustered. WOODARD, WILLIAM M., Cooper. Entered service Sept. 2, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y F, 3d Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 11, 1862. Resigned Sept. 17, 1864, and honorably discharged. WOODBRIDGE, HORACE, Coldwater. Entered service Mar. 16, 1863, as Serg't Comp'y M, 8th Cav. Second Lt., Jan. 8. 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865, on consolidation with the 11th Cav., and honorably discharged. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 971 WOODBURY, DWIGHT A., Adrian. Col. 4th Infy, May 16, 1861. Killed at Malvern HUl, Va., July 1, 1862. WOODIN, ORSON, Jackson. Entered service Aug. 11, 1862. Serg't Comp'y K, 17th Infy, . Second Lt., May 26, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 3, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOODING, CHARLES T.. Grand Rapids. Entered service Sept. 11, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y C, 1st Eng'sand Mech's. Second Lt., Aug. 27, 1864. Fii'st Lt., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOODMAN, HAMILTON J., Novi. Entered service Aug. 9, 1862, as Serg't Comp'v I, 22d Infy. First Lt., July 8, 1863. Capt., Deo. 5, 1863. Mustered out June 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOODMAN, LUCIUS C, Paw Paw. Ass't Surg. 3d Cav., Sept. 7, 1861. Surg. 11th Cav., Oct. 7, 1863. Taken prisoner at Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 1864. Taken to Libby _, Prison. Exchanged Oct. 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865, on coosolidaLion B with 8th Cav., and honorably discharged. WOODRUFF, CHARLES, Niles. Entered service Aug. 14, 1862. Serg't Maj. 25th Infy, . Second Lt., Ap'l 2, 1864. First Lt., Ap'l 7, 1864. Adj't, May 14, 1864. Mus- tered out June 24, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOODRUFF, HEBER H., East Saginaw. Entered service Aug. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y D, 16th Infy, . Second Lt, Aug. 23, 1862. First Lt., Ap'l 11, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. WOODRUFF, HENRY, East Saginaw. Capt. 23d Infy, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Aug. 24, 1864, and honorably discharged. WOODRUFF, HENRY, Fredonia. Entered service Sept. 3, 1861. Serg't Comp'y M, 2d Cav., . First Lt., Oct. 7, 1864. Transferred to 136th U. 8. Col'd Troops, June 22, 1865. No further record. WOODRUFF, JNO. E., Jackson. Second Lt. 13th Infy, Oct. 3, 1861. Resigned Dec. 8, 1862, and honorably discharged. WOODRUFF, WILLIAM S., Marshall. Entered service July 16, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y E, 1st Infy. Second Lt., Dec. 17, 1862. Wounded in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. First Lt., Jan. 1, 1864. Died June 28, 1864, of wounds received m action in fix)nt of Petersburg June 25, 1864. WOODWARD, HORACE P., Blissfield. Ass't Surg. 15th Infy, Feb. 4, 1862. Resigned May 1, 1862. Ass't Surg. 18th Infy, Aug. 9, 1862. Resigned May 9, 1863, and hon- orably discharged. WOODWARD, GEORGE W., Wright. Second Lt. 21st Infy, July 30, 1862. First T t., Jan. 15, 1863. Capt., Dec. 2, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for men- torious service during the campaigns in Georgia and the Caroliuas." Clustered out June 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. WOODWARD, WILLIAM A., Lawrence. Entered service Sept. 10, 1861. Serg't Comp'y H, 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Oct. 20, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. WOODWORTH, BENJAMIN R., Detroit. Second Lt. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Resigned Nov. 12, 1863, and honorably discharged. WOOSTER, SAMUEL R., Grand Rapids. Ass't Surg. 8th Infy, Aug. 19, 1861. Surg. 1st Cav., Feb. 26, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 18, 1864, and honorably discharged. WORDEN, FREDERICK W., Grand Rapids. First Lt. 3d Infy, May 13, 1861. Capt., Aug. 11, 1861. Resiguf-d Nov. 28, 1861. Maj. 13th Infy, Dec. 26, 1861. Lt. Col., July 4, 1862. Resigned Feb. 26, 1863, and honorably discharged. WORMER, GROVER S., Detroit. Captain Stanton Guard, May 1, 1862. Mustered out Sept 25 1862. Lt. Col. 8th Cav., Oct. 3, 1862. Col., Ap'l 16, 1864. Not mustered as Col. Col. 30th Infv, Nov. 21, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. Vols, Mar, 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. 972 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. WORMER, HENRY G., Detroit, First Lt. 30 th Inf'y, Nov. 28, 1864. Capt., June 5, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. WORTLEY, CLARK S., Ann Arbor. Entered service Aug. 4. 1862. Serg't Maj. 20th luf y, . Second Lt.. Mar. 5, 1863. First Lt., Nov. 29, 1863. Q. M., July 20, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. "WRIGHT, ROBERT C, Detroit. Entered service Feb. 15, 1862. Serg't Maj. 7th Inf'y, . First Lt., Oct. 5, 1864. Capt., June 12, 1864, Mustered out July 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. WRIGHT, LEONARD J., NUes. Second Lt. 9th Inf'y, Oct. 12, 1861. First Lt., Dec. 13, 1«61. Taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13, 1862. Paroled July 15, 1862. Capt., Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 23, 1864, and honorably discharged. WRIGHT, STEPHEN J., St. Johns. Fiist Lt. 23d Inf'y, Aug. 1, 1862. Resigned Feb. 6, 1863, and honorably discharged. WRIGHT, WILLIAM B., Eagle Harbor. Maj. 27th Infv, Dec. 22, 1862. Lt. Col., Dec. 17, 1863. Wounded m action in front of Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Col., Oct, 3, 1864. Honorably discharged for disabiUty as Lt. Col., Nov. 17, 1864. WRIGHT, EDWARD B., Detroit. Second Lt. Batt. B, 1st Light Art.. Aug. 28, 1862. First Lt., Sept. 3, 1863. Wounded in action al Rome Cross Roads, Ga., May 16, 1864. Capt., Mar. 14, 1865. Mustered out as First Lt. June 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. WYKER, DAVID B., Owosso. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y H, 5th Infy. ^econd Lt., June 1, 1862. Fii'st Lt., June 29, 1863. Killed in action near Germania Ford, Nov. 27, 1863. WYKER, ALFRED, Niles. Ass't Surg. 14th Inf'y, Nov. 17, 1862. Resigned June 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. WYKOFF, THOMAS, Pontiac. Entered service Aug. 20, 1864. Serg't Comp'y G, 3d Inl'y, . Second Lt., Nov. 28, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out May 25, 1866, and honorably discharged. WYMAN, MERRIMAN S., Eaton Rapids. Entered service Sept. 30, 1861, as Serg't Comp'y G, 13th Infy. Second Lt., July 5, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mus- tered out July 25, 1865, and honorably discharged. WYNN. WILLIAM H., Niles. Entered service Sept. 1, 1861. Serg't Comp'y L, 2d Cav., . Second Lt., July 31, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. TARNOLD, BENJAMIN E., Houghton. Entered service Sept. 11, 1862, as Hosp'l Stew'd 27th Inf'y. Ass't Surg., Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865, and honorably discharged. YATES, GEORGE W., Detroit. Entered service June 20, 1861. Q. M. Serg't 4th Inf'y, . First Lt. and Adjt., Sept. 26, 1862. Mustered out June 29, 1864, and honorably discharged. YATES, JOHN B., Ionia. Capt. 1st Eng's and Mech's, Sept. 12, 1861. Maj., Mav 28, 1863. Col., Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. YATES, ADRIAN, Grand Rapids. Entered service Aug. 28, 1861. Com. Serg't 3d Cav., . Second Lt., Feb. 16, 1863. First Lt. and Q. M., Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 12, 1866, and honorably discharged. YEMANS, CHARLES C, Redford. Second Lt. 24th Inf'y, July 26, 1862. Resigned Sept. 1, 1863, and honorably discharged. YEOMANS, ERASTUS T., Ionia. Entered service Aug. 4, 1864. Serg't Maj. 3d Inf'y. . Second Lt., Nov. 1(5, 1864. Resigned Mar. 19, 1865, and honorably disehaiged, YERKES, SILAS E., Lowell. Second Lt. 13th Inf'y, Oct. 3, 1861. First Lt., May 15, 1862. Cafit., Feb. 26, liS(l3. Wounded in ;iction at Chickamauga, Ga. , Sept. 19, 1M63. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for meritorious service during the campaign in Georgia and the Carulinas." Maj., May 12, 1865. Honorably discharged as Capt. May 15, 1865, for disability. MICHIGAN IN THE WAK. 973 YERRINGTON, WILLIAM, Muir. Second Lt. 10th Cav., July 25, 1863. Resigned Oct. 6, 1865, and honorably discharged. TOEK, ELIAS A., Ionia. Second Lt. Ist Eng's and Mech's, Jan. 1, 1864. First Lt., Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. YOUNG, JOHN L., Plymouth. Entered service May 25, 1861, as Serg't Corap'y H, 2d Iiify. Second Lt., Mar. 6, 1862. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1862. Capt., Dec. 1, 1862. Killed in action in front of Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864, YOUNG, GUART V. S., Perry, N. Y. First Lt. 29th Infy, July 29, 1864. Wounded in action at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dec. 26, 1864. Resigned May 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. YOUNG, CHARLES J., St. Johns. Entered service Aug. 15, 1862, as Serg't Corap'y G, 5th Cav. Second Lt., July 3, 1865. Not mustered as an officer. Mustered out June 22, 1865, and honorably discharged. ■ YOUNG, WILLIAM H., Ann Arbor. Ass't Surg. 9th Cav., Nov. 3, 1862. Surg., Dec. 12, 1864. Mustered out July 21, 1865, and honorably discharged. ZACHARIAS, ALLEN H., Monroe. First Lt. 7th Infy, June 19, 1861. Capt., Mar. 10, 1862. Died, Jan. 1, 1863, of wounds received in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. ZANIER, AUGUSTUS, Port Huron. Fh-st Lt. 5th Infy, June 19, 1861. Resigned Oct. 28, 1861, and honorably discharged. ZEIGLER, AUGUSTUS F.. Detroit. Entered service Aug. 4, 1862. Serg't Maj. 24th Infy, . First Lt., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865, and honorably discharged. ZOELLNER, FRANK, Detroit. Entered service May 25, 1861. Serg't Maj. 2d Infy, . Second Lt., Feb. 24, 1863, Wounded in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1863. Died Dec. 2, 1863, of wounds received Nov. 24, 1863. ZOLLY, FELIX, Grand Rapids. Second Lt. 3d Infy, May 13, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1861. Resigned Jan. 8, 1862. and honorably discharged. IN THE ARMY. REGULAR AND VOLUNTEER, Appointments from Michigan as General Officers, and in the General Staff U. S. Volunteers and regular army from 1779 up to and during the war, and including officers born in Michigan, although appointed from other States, together with a record of their service, except those who were commissioned by the State, whose service will be found included in the register of Mich- igan officers. ADAMS, OSCAR, Flint. Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Mar. 18, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. AIKIN, DWIGHT A. See Michigan officers. ANDERSON, JOSEPH. See Michigan officers. ARMSTRONG, GEORGE A. See Michigan officers. ARTHUR, WALTER C. See Michigan officers. AUGUR, CHRISTOPHER C, . Cadet M. A., July 1, 1839. Bvt. Second Lt., 2d U. S. Inf'y, July 1, 1843. Second Lt. 4th Inf'y, Sept. 12, 1845. First Lt., Feb. 16, 1847. Capt., Aug. 1, 1852. Maj. 13th Inf'y, May 14, 1861. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Nov. 12, 1861. Maj. Gen. Vol's, Aug. 9, 1862, "for distinguished and meritori- ous service in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va." Bvt. Col. U. S. A., Aug. 9, 1862, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Cedar Mountain, Va." Lt. Col. 12th Inf'y, July 1, 1863. Bvt, Brig. Gen. U. S. A., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at the capture of Port Hudson, La." Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. A., Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the war." Col. 12ih Inf'y, Mar. 15, 1866. Mustered out of Vol. service Sept. 1, 1866. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., Mar. 4, 1869. Now in service. BABCOCK, CHARLES P. See Michigan officers. BACON, CYRUS. See Michigan officers. BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM P., . Second Lt. 3d U. S. Cav., Nov. 29, 1865. First Lt., July 28, 1866. Mustered out Dec. 28, 1870, and honorably discharged. BAKER, STEPHEN, . Pvt. Comp'y E., 6th U. S. Inf'y, Aug. 20, 1860. Corp'l, Mar. 7, 1862. Serg't Maj., Ap'l 1, 1863. Pvt. Comp'y F, 6th Inf'y, Aug. 24, 1863. Serg't, Sept. 1, 1863. Serg't Comp'y D, 6th Inf'y, Mar. 18, 1864. First Serg't, Mar. 20, 1864. Discharged, July 10, 1864. First Serg't, Comp'y D, 6th Inf'y, July 11, 1864. Q. M. Serg't, Oct. 6, 1864. Second Lt. and First Lt., May 3, 1865. Capt., June 8, 1874. Now in service. BAKER, WILLIAM H., . Cadet, M. A., , 1823. Bvt. Second Lt., 4th U. S. Inf'y, July 1, 1828. Second Lt., July 1, 1828. Resigned May 20, 1831, and honorably discharged. (974) I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 975 BALOH FKANK S — Capt and A. Q. M. U. S. Vol s, Feb. 13. 1865. Mustered out July 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. BALDWIN, FKANK D. See Michigan officers. BAKNAED PHINEAS P., . Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Mav 13, 1863. Bvt Mai Vols, Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service." 'Mustered out Dec 6 1865. Second Lt. 4th US. Infy. Mar. 7, 1867. Bvt. 1st Lt. and Capt. U. S. Armv; il^''" oo Ma^ for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Unassigned, Mar. 23, 1869. Assigned to 5th Cav., July 14, 1869. First Lt., June 4 1875 Now I in service. I ^^^^fhJ^^^T^'^.'^" U-, ^.^^^- ^"^ ^' Q- ^- ^^^'«' J*"- 31. 1865. Mustered out July 28, 1865, and honorably discharged. BARRETT, WALLACE W., Coldwator. Capt. 44th 111. Vol's— a Michigan Comp'v — Sept. 13, 1861. Col.. Jan. 1, 1863. Bvt. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Dec. 14 1865 First Lt 34Lh j U. S. Infy, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Capt., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and mentodous service in the battle of Stone River, Tenn." Bvt. Maj., Mar. 2, 1867, " for gallant I and meritorious service in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga." Bvt. Lt'. Col., Mar. 2 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Peach Tree Creek Ga " Transferred to 16th Infy Ap'l 14, 1869. Died July 1, 1879, at Fort Riley, Kan. ' BARTH, CHARLES G., . Capt. and Com. Sub. Vol's, May 18, 1864. Bvt. Mai. Vol's, Aug. 8, 1866, "for efficient and meritorious service." Mustered out Auo-. 10 ■ 1865, and honorably discharged. '^' ' BATES, KINZIE, Detroit. Pvt. Comp'y A, 1st (3 months) Infy, May 1, 1861. Second Lt. 1st U. S. Infy, Aug. 5, 1861. First Lt., Nov. 23, 1861. Bvt. Capt., Oct. 4, 1862 "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Corinth, Miss." Bvt. Ala/., July 4, 1863, "for gallant and meritorious service during the siege of Vicksburg, Miss." Capt., Mar. 15, 1866. Now in service. BATES, EDWARD F., . Ass't Surg. Vol's, Jan. 7, 1863. Major and Surg. Oct 8 1863. Died Mar. 6, 1864. ' ' BAXTER, HENRY. See Michigan officers. BEACH, SAMUEL E. See Michigan officers. BIDDLE, JAMES, Detroit. Capt. 16th U. S. Infy, Aug. 5, 1861. Bvt. Major, Sept. 1, 1864, "for gallant and meritorious service during the Atlanta campaign." Resigned Sept. 30, 1864, and honorably discharged. BINGHAM, JAMES W., Kensington. Fkst Lt. 16th U. S. Infy, May 14, 1861. Died at Bardstown, Ky., Nov. 9, 1862. BIRNET, FITZHUGH, Bay City. Capt. and Ass't Adj't Gen. Vol's, Aug. 1, 1862. Maj.. Sept. 15, 1863. Died at Washington, D. C, June 17, 1864, of wounds received at the battle of Cold Harbor, Va. BIRNEY, JAMES G. See Michigan officers. BISSELL, CHARLES T. See Michigan officers. BLACKMAN, HUDSON B. See Michigan officers. BLISS, D. WILLARD. See Michigan officers. BLISS, ZENAS E. See Michigan officers. BREVOORT, HENRY B., Detroit. Ensign 2d U. S. Infy, May 7, 1802. Second Lt., , 1805. First Lt., Nov. 30, 1805. Capt., May 1, 1811. Maj. 45th Infy, Ap'l 15, 1814. BRISTOL, HENRY B., Detroit. Second Lt. 5th U. S. Infy, May 15, 1857. First Lt., May 13, 1861. Capt., June 1, 1862. Bvt. Maj., Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and raer- itorious service in New Mexico." Bvt. Lt. Col., Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and mer- itorious servioe in New Mexico, and particularly for his untuing zeal and energy in 976 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. controlling the Navajoe tribe of Indians at the Bosque Eedondo, and for his praise- worthy efforts m advancing their condition from that of savages to that of civilized men." * Retired May 20, 1879, for disability resulting from disease contracted in line of duty. BRODHEAD. THORNTON P. See Michigan officers. BROOKS, EDWARD J,, Detroit. Second Lt. 7th U. 8. Infy, June 30, 1855. First Lt., Feb. 26, 1861. Resigned May 16, 1861, and honorably discharged. BROWN, JOSEPH B., Detroit. First Lt. and Ass't Surg. U. S. A., June 29, 1849. Capt. and Ass't Surg., June 29, 1854. Maj. and Surg.. July 4, 1861. Bvt. Lt. Col. and Col., Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Bvt. Brig. Gen., Sept. 28, 1866, "for meritorious and distinguished service at Fort Columbus, N. Y. harbor, where cholera prevailed." Now in service. BROWN, JOHN T., Tecumseh. First Lt. 3d U. S. Dragoons, Ap'l 9, 1847. Disbanded July 20, 1848, and honorably discharged. BROWN, WILLIAM S., Ann Arbor. Capt. and Ass't Com. of Subs. U. S. Army, Feb. 14„ 1848. Disbanded July 29, 1848, and honorably discharged. BROWNELL, SEYMOUR. See Michigan officers. BRUSH, ALFRED, Detroit. Cadet M. A., , 1828. Bvt. 2d Lt. 4th U. S. Art., July 1, 1832. Second Lt, Sept. 14, 1834. Resigned July 28, 1836, and honorably dis- charged. BURNETT, WELLINGTON 0., . Second Lt. 15th U. S. Infy, June 17, 1848. Dis- banded Aug. 30, 1848, and honorably discharged. OANTINE, WILLIAM W. See Michigan officers. GARLAND, JOHN. See Michigan officers. CASE, DANIEL L., Lansing. Maj. and Paymaster Vols, Mar. 18, 1864. Resigned Deo. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. CASS, LEWIS, . Col. 3d Reg't Ohio Vol's, 1812. Brig. Gen. U. S. Army, 1813. Governor of Michigan Territory, 1813. OASS, LEWIS, Je., Detroit. Maj. 3d U. S. Dragoons, Ap'l 9, 1847. Disbanded July 20, 1848, and honorably discharged. OHAMPLIN, EDWARD P. See Michigan officers. CHAMPLIN, STEVEN G. See Michigan officers. CHANDLER, GEORGE W. See Michigan officers. CHAPIN, ANDREW B., . Ass't Surg. Vol's, Sept. 12, 1862. Resigned Aug. 20, 1864, and honorably discharged. CHESTER, GEORGE M., Detroit. Capt. and A. Q. M. Vol's, Oct. 12, 1863. Resigned Nov. 7, 1864, and honorably discharged. CHILSON, GEORGE W. See Michigan officers. CHIPMAN, HENRY L. See Michigan officers. CHRISTIANCY, HENRY 0. See Michigan officers. CLARK, CHARLES E. See Michigan officers. OLEM, JOHN L.. . Musician Comp'y 0, 22d Mich. Infy, May 1, 1863. Lane© Serg't, Sept. 20, 1863. Discharged Sept, 19, 1864. Second Lt., 24th U. S. Infv, Dec. 18, 1871. First Lt., Oct. 5, 1874. Now in service. OLIPT, EMORY W., Detroit. First Lt. 13th U. S. Infy. May 14, 1861. Regimental Q. M., Sept. 1, 1861, to Nov. 1, 1862. Capt., Sept. 20, 1864. Now in service. * The only brevet of tlua characier found in the published "Army UcKisters" of the War Department. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 977 GLITZ, HENRY B.. . Cadet M. A., July 1, 1841. Bvt. Second Lt., 7th Infy, July 1, 1845. Second Lt., 3d Infy, Sejit. 2i, 1846. Bvt. First Lt., April 18, 1847, "for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Ceno Gordo." First Lt., 3.1 Infy, Mar. 5, 1851. Capt., Dec. 6, 1858. Maj., 12th Infy, May 14, IHUl. Bvt. Lt. Col., June 27, 1862, "for f>allant and meritorious service in the battle of Gaines's Mill, Va." Lt. Col., 6th Infy, Nov. 4, 1863. Bvt. Col., Mar. 13, 1&35, " for gallant and meritorious service during the war." Bvt. Brig. Gen., Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and distinguished service in the field." Col., 10th Infy, Feb. 22, 18G9. Now in service. CLUBB, HENRY S., Grand Haven. Capt. and A. Q. M. Vol's, June 11, 1862. Wounded in action at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, 1862. Mustered out Ap'l 7, 1866, and honorably discharged. COLLINS, ROBERT M. See Michigan officers. COPELAND, FREDERICK A. See Michigan officers. COPELAND, JOSEPH T. See Michigan officers. . '. CRANE, WALTER, Detroit. Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Mar. 11, 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col. Vols., Nov. 15, 1865, "for faithful service in his department." Mustered out Dec. 1, 1865, and honorably discharged. CREARY, WILLIAM E., Ludington. Pvt. Comp'y F, 3d Mich. Infy, May 13, 1861. Transferred to 2d Batt. Vet. Reserve Corps. Oct. 19, 1863. Discharged June 10, 1864. Pvt., 2d Batt., Vet. Reserve Corps, June 13, 1864. Discharged Aug. 23, 1866. Maj. and Paymaster, June 23, 1879. Now in service. CUMING, THOMAS B., Jr., . Second Lt. 15th U. S. Infy, Mar. 3, 1848. Dis- banded Aug. 4, 1848, and honorably discharged. CURTENIUS, EDWARD A., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 15th U. S. Infy, May 14, 1861. Bvt. Capt., Ap'l 7, 1862, " for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of tohiioh, Tenn. " Died at Buffalo, N. Y., Nov. 9, 1862. CUSTER, GEORGE A., Monroe. Cadet M. A., , 1857. Second Lt. 2d U. S. Cav., June 24, 1861. Second Lt. 5th U. S. Cav., Aug. 3, 1861. Capt. and Add'l A. D. C, June 5, 1862. First Lt., July 17, 1862. Brig. Gen. Vol's, June 29, 18fi3. As- sumed command of Michigan Cav. Brigade at Hanover, Penn., June 30, 1863. Bvt. Maj. U. S. Army, July 3, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa." Capt. 5th U. S. Cav., May 8, 1864. Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. Army, May 11, 1864, "for gallant and meritoriou.s service at the battle of Ye-llow Tavern, Va." Bvt. Col. U. S. Army, Sept. 19, 1864, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Winchester," Va." Bvt. Jlaj. Gen. Vol's, Oct. 19, 1864. Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. -. Army, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Five Forks, Va." Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. S. Army, Mar. 13, 1865, " for gallant and meri- torious service during the camp;iign ending with the surrender of the insurgent arnay of Northern Virginia." Maj. Gen. Vol's, Ap'l 15, 1865. Mustered out of Volunteer service Feb. 1, 1866. Lt. Col. 7th U. S. Cav., July is. 1S66. Killed with his whole command June 25, 1876, in action with :?ioux Indiana on Little Big Horn river, Mon- tana Territory. CUSTER, THOMAS W. See Michigan officers. DAVID, JAMES I. See Michigan officers. DENTON, ANSEL B., . First Lt. 18th U. S. Infy, May 14, 1861. Capt., July 22, 1862. Resigned Sept. 9, 1864, and honorably discharged. DIETRICH, CHARLES J., . Capt. and Com. of Subs. Vol's, Feb. 19, 1863. Re- signed July 14, 1865, and honorably discharged. DODDS, JOSEPH L., . Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Aug. 3, 1861. Died at St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 18, 1862. DOOLITTLE, CHARLES C. See Michigan officers. DOYLE, MICHAEL, Detroit. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Infy, Ap'l 9, 1847. Died Oct. 23, 1847. 12'6 978 MICHIGAN IN THE WAH. DREW, GEORGE A. See Michigan officers. DUNBAR, GILBERT E. See Michigan officers. DRIGGS. WILLIAM J. See Michigan officers. EARLE, JAMES D., Grand Rapids. Capt. and Com. Subs. Vol's, Sept. 10, 18fi2. Bvt Maj., Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for meritorious service in his department during the war." Mustered out Jan. 10, 1866, and honorably discliarged. EARLE, EDWARD S. See Michigan officers. EARLE, FRANCIS S. See Michigan officers. EASTMAN, AHIRA G., Adrian. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Resigned May 31, 1847, and honorably discharged. EASTMAN, JAMES E., . Cadet M. A., , 1862. Second Lt. 2d U. S. Art., June 1«, 1866. First Lt., May 6, 1869. Now in service. EDWARDS, ARTHUR. See Michigan officers. ELDER, MATHEW, See Michigan officers. ELLSWORTH, CHARLES C, GreenvUle. Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Mar. 10, 1863. Resigned May 8, 1865, and honorably discharged. FARLEY, JOHN, . Cadet M. A., , 1819. Bvt. 2d Lt. 2d U. S. Art., July 1, 1823. Second Lt. 1st Art., July 1, 1823. First Lt., Aug. 1, 1832. Resigned Feb. 29, 1886, and honorably discharged. FARRAND, DAVID O., Detroit. Ass't Surg. U. S. A., Feb. 15, 1865. Bvt. Capt., Mar. 13, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Resigned July 1, 1866, and lionorably discharged. FECHET, EDMOND G. See Michigan officers. FERRY, WILLIAM M. See Michigan officers. FIFIELD, BENJAMIN F., Monroe. Capt. and Com. Subs., Vol's, Ap'l 14, 1862. Hon- orably discharged Nov. 20, 1863. FINLEY, HENRY H. See Michigan officers. FITZ SIMMONS, WILLIAM 0. See Michigan officers. FORD, CHARLES. See Michigan officers. FORSYTH, LEWIS C, Detroit. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Jime 11, 1862. Mus- tered out Nov. 3, 1866. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. U. S. A., Mar, 11, 1867. Bvt. Maj. Mar. 11, 1867, "for faithful and meritorious service durmg the war." Now in service. FORSYTH, GEORGE, . Second Lt. 2d U. S. Dragoons, June 8, 1836. First Lt., bept. 26, 1837. Resigned Dec. 31, 1837, and honorably discharged. FORSYTH, ROBERT A., Detroit. Ma-j. and Paymaster U. S. A., Sept. 10, 1831. Maj. and Paymaster, Aug. 8, 1846. Died Oct. 21, 1849. ERASER, CORWIN B., . Ass't Surg. Vol s, July 5, 1864. Bvt. Capt. Vol's, Oct. 6, 1865, " for faithful and meritorious service." Mustered out Oct. 9, 1865, and honor- ably iiischarged. FREELEN, THOMAS H., Kalamazoo. First Lt. 15th U. S, Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Bvt. Capt., Sept. 13, 1847, "for gallant and meritorious conduct at Chapultepeo." Dis- banded Aug. 6, 184a, and honorably discharged. GARLAND, JOHN S.. . Second Lt. 4th U. S. Art., Mar. 8, 1847. First Lt., May 20, 1849. Capt., Dec. 29, 1857. Retired Nov. 29, 1861. GOODMAN, JOHN B., Nlles. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf y, Ap'l 9, 1847. First Lt., May 31, 1847. Killed Aug. 20, 1847, In battle at CherubuscD, Mexico. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. 979 cpt. 11, 1814, "for distinguished and gallant conduct in defeating ttie eneuiy at Phitt.sbur:^." Re- tained as OoL and Chief Eng. in the reorganization of the army June 1, 1821. iViaj, Gen. and Gen. in Chief of the Army, May 24, 1828. Died June 25, 1841. MATHEWS, ALMEEON S. See Michigan officers. MoALESTER, MILES D., Flint, Cadet M. A., , 1852. Bvt. 2d Lt. U. S. Eng's, Juiy 1, 1856. ^^econd Lt., Dec. 1, 1856. First Lt., l\lay 2, 1861. Bvt. xMaj. and Lt. Col., July 1, 1862, "for gallant and meritorious service in the Peninsular cv.mpaigu of 1862." Capt., Mar. 3, 1863. Bvt. Col., Aug. 23, 1864, " for higi.ly meriu.nous service as Chief Eng. of Military Division of West Mississippi, etc." Bvl. Bng. Gen., Ap'l 9, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service at the bic-ge of Mobile, Ala." Maj., Mar. 7, 1867. Died at Buffalo, N. Y., Ap'l 23, 1869. MoCOMAS, D. HENRY, Baltimore, Md. Pvt. Comp'y E. 8th Mich. Infy, Sept. 30, 1861. Appointed Second Lt. 10th Wai-yland Infy, Jan. — , 1864. Deeiiaeil. Discharged June 15, 1865, for wounds received at the battle of Pt-eble's Farm, Va., witli loss of leg. Second Lt. 45th U. S. Inf'y, Mar. 7, 1867. Bvt. Caj.t Vols, Mar3, 1869, " for gal- lant and meritorious service during the war." Uuassigued, July 22, 1869. Rcbigued July 26, 1870, and honorably discharged. MoCONNELL, JOSEPH, Pontiac. Second Lt. 18th U. S. Inf'y, Oct. 30, 1861. First Lt., Aug. 11, 1862. Bvt. Capt., Dec. 31, 1862, "for gallant and meiltorious service at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn." Died Jan. 14, 1863, of wounds received at the battle of Mm'fi'eesboro, Tenn. MoDONALD, CHARLES, . Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. Vol's, Dec. 23, 1862. Re- signed Aug. 18, 1863, and honorably discharged. MoGRAW, THEODORE A., Detroit. Ass't Surg. Vol's, Mar. 30, 1861. Bvt. Capt., June 1, 1865, "'lor faithful and meritorious service." Resigned June 12, 1865, and honorably discharged. McNeill, JOHN W. S., . Second Lt. 2d U. S. Dragoons, June 8, 1836. Killed br Lidiaus in Florida, Sept. 11, 1837. McREYNOLDS, ANDREW T., Detroit. Capt. 3d U. S. Dragoons, Ap'l 9, 18i7. Bvt. Maj., Aug. 20, 1847, " for gallant and meritorious conduct at Contreras and Churu- busco." Disbanded July 31, 1848. Col. 1st N. Y. (Lincoln) Cav., June 15, 1861. M ustered out Aug. 22, 1864, and honorably discharged. MERRIFIELD, EDWIN R., Lansing. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Re« signed Feb. 17, 1848, and honorably discharged. MILES, JOHN C, . Ass't Surg. Vol's, Oct. 11, 1864. Bvt, Capt., Oct. 12, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service." Mustered out Oct. 19, 1865, and honorably discharged. MILLS, WILLIAM, . Pvt. Comp'y C. 5th U. S. Infy, Oct. 28th, 1858. Corp'l, Mar. 1, 1860. Serg t, July 1, 1861. First S<'rg't, July 21, 1861. Second Lt. and First Lt. 16th Infy, Feb. 19, 1863. Bvt. Capt., Sept. 1, 1864, "for gallant and merit(.)ri()u& service during the Atlanta cam[ aign and in the battle of Jonesboro, Ga." Capt., Feb. 13, 1866. Transferred to 2d Inf'y, Ap'l 17, 18(j9. Now in service. MIZNER, JOHN K. See Michigan officers. MIZNER, HENRY R. See Michigan officers. MONTEITH, GEORGE. See Michigan officers. MOORE, ORLANDO H. See Michigan officers. MORROW, HENRY A. See Michigan officers. NELSON, JAMES H., Pontiac. Additional Paymaster U. S. Army, Feb. 23, 1864. Maj. and Paymaster, Jan. 17, 1867. Now in service. I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR 983 NELSON, GEOKGE C, . Capt. and Com. Subs. Vot's, Oct. 8, 1862. Bvt. Maj., Sept. 4, 1865, " for faithful and meritorious service." Mustered out Oct. 9, 1865, and tiouorabiy discharged. NEWBUBY, SAMUEL S., Detroit. First Lt. 12th U. S. Inf'y, May 14, 1861. Capt., July 21, 1»62. Bvt. Maj., Aug. 18, 1864, " for gallant and meritorious in the battle of Weldon Railroad, Va." Killed in action at "Weldon Eaikoad, Va., Aug. 19, 1864. NEWELL, JAMES J., Adrian. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Aug. 5, 1861. Resigned Nov. 1, 1862, and honorably discharged. NORVELL, FREEMAN. See Michigan officers. NORVELL, JOHN M. See Michigan officers. NORVELL STEVENS T., Detroit. Pvt. Comp'v A, 5th U. S. Inf'y, Jan. 23, 1858. Serg't Oct. 3, 1858. First Serg't, May 1, 1861. Serg't, Feb. 1, 1862. Discharged Jan 23 1863. Serg't, Comp'y A, 5th Inf'y, Jan. 23, 1863. Second Lt., 13th Inf'y, Feb 19 1863. First Lt., July 12. 1863. Transferred to 31st Inf'y, Sept. 21, 1866. Capt., June 10. 1868. Unassigned May 15, 1869. Assigned to 10th Cav., Jan. 1, 1871. Now in service. NORVELL SPENCER, Detroit. Second Lt. 5th U. S. Inf'y, Oct. 20, 1839. First Lt., May 18, 1846. Capt.. Ap'i 30, 1849. Died Aug. 12, 1850. O'BEIRNE, RICHARD F., Detroit. First Lt. 14th U. S. Inf'y, May 14 1861. Q M. 2d Batt., Sept. 10, 1861, to Oct. 31, 1861. Capt., Oct. 25, 1861. Bvt. Maj. Aug 1, 1864, " for gallant service in the battle of North Anna, Va." Bvt. Lt. Col., Aug 18, 1864, •• for gallant service in battle on the Weldon R. R., Va." Trant^f erred to 32d Inf y, Sept. 21. 1866. Transferred to 21st Infy, Ap'l 19, 1869. Maj., 24th luf y. Mar. 20, 1879. Now in service. O'BRIEN, LYSTER M. See Michigan officers. O'DONNELL, WILLIAM. See Michigan officers. OLMSTEAD, FREEMAN E., Adrian. Corp'l Comp'y 0. 18th Mich. Inf'y, Aug 7 1862 Discharged, Mar. 22, 1864. Second Lt., 12th Tenn. Cav Mar. 23 1864. Be^'^^f'd Mav 12, 1865. Second Lt.. lOth U. S. Inf'y. Feb. 23, 1866. First Lt., July 28, 1866. Retired June 28, 1878. OLIVER, JOHN M. See Michigan officers. OWEN, E. GRIFFITH, Detroit. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Aug. 5, 1861. Honorably dischaiged. May 3, 1862. PARKINSON DAVID, . Second Lt. 16th U. S. Infy, Ap'l 13, 1865. Jjrst Lt. , Ap'l 13, 1865. Transferred to 25th Inf'y, Sept. 21, 1866. Capt., June 22, 1868. Unassigned. Ap'l 26, 1869. Honorably discharged Aug. 13, 1870. PAYSON, IRA F., . Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Feb. 29, 1864. Died July 30, 1864. PECK CHARLES H., Port Huron. Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vols, Mar. 18. 1864. Re- signed Mar. 29, 1865, and honorably discharged. PENROSE, WILLIAM H., — . Second Lt 3d U. S. Infy Ap'l 13. 1861. First Lt.. May 14 1861. Adjt., Mar. 1, 1863. Col., 15th N. J. Vol s, Ap 1 18, 1863. .^yt. C^apt. . U . b^ A.mv Mav 3 1863 ''for gallant and meritorious sei-vae m the battle of Mar>e3 VilfJhVf Vn " Bvt Mai US Army July 2, 1863, " for gallant and meritonous ser- war," Bris? Gen Vols, Ju„f 27, 1865. Musteied uat ol voluoteer seivioe, Jan. 16, 1866. Now in service. PERCE, LE GRAND W. See Michigan officers. 984 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. PERKINS, JABEZ., . Maj. and SuiR. Vol's, Oct. 27, 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col., . Mus- tered out Oct. 23, 1865, and honorably discharged. PHELPS, WILLIAM, Detroit, Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Mar. 11, 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious service. Mustered out July 31, 1865, and honorably discharged. PHILLIPS, EDWIN D., . Cadet M. A., , 1847. Bvt. Second Lt., 1st Inf y, July 1. 1852. Second Lt., June 1, 1853. Fust Lt., Oct. 31, 1856. Capt., May U, 1861. Died Nov. 26, 1864. PIERCE, BYRON R. See Michigan officers. PITTMAN, SAMUEL E. See Michigan officers. PORTER, BENJAMIN F. See Michigan officers. POTTER, JOSEPH A., Detroit. First Lt. 15th U. S. Inf y, Sept. 27, 1861. Capt., and Ass't Q. M. U. S. Army, Sept. 27, 1861. Col. and Q. M. U. S. Army, Sept. 24, 1864. Bvt. Maj., Lt. Col., Col., and Brig. Gen. U. S. Army, Mar. 13, 1865, " for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Relieved as Col. and Q. M., Jan. 1, 1867. Maj. and Q. M., Jan. 18, 1867. Retired Ap'l 21, 1879. PRATT, JAMES H. See Michigan officers. PRESCOTT, ALBERT B., . Ass't Surg. Vol's, July 5, 1864. Bvt. Capt., Aug. 22, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service." Mustered out Aug. 25, 1865, and hon- orably discharged. PULFORD, JOHN. See Michigan officers. RANDALL, CHARLES L., . Ass't Surg. Vol's, May 19, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 11, 1865, and honorably discharged. RAWLES, JACOB B., . Cadet M. A., Sept. 1, 1856. Second Lt. 3d Art., May 6, 1861. First Lt. 5th Art., May 14, 1861. Bvt. Capt.. July 8, 1863, " for gallant and meritorious service in the siege of Port Hudson, La." Bvt. Maj., Ap'l 9, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious service during the campaign, terminating with the surrender of the insurgent forces under Gen. R. E. Lee." Capt. 5th Art, July 28, 1866. Now in service. REXFORD, WILLIAM H. See Michigan officers. RICE, FRANK R. See Michigan officers. RICHARDS, WILLIAM V. See Michigan officers. RICHARDSON, ISRAEL B. See Michigan officers. ROBE, CHARLES F., . First Lt. 147th N. Y. Inf'y, Sept. 23, 1862. Capt. Vet. Re- serve Corps, Mar. 5, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 7, 1866. First Lt. 29th U. S. lul'y, July 28, 1866. Unassigned Ap'l 25, 1869. Assigned to 25th Inf'y, Jan. 31, 1870. Capt., Jan. 25, 1872. Now in service. ROBINSON, JOHN C. See Michigan officers. ROMEYN, JAMES W., Detroit. First Lt. Vol's, and Aid-de-Camp to Brig. Gen. Wilcox, Sept. 8, 1862. Resigned Oct. 16, 1862, and honorably discharged. ROMEYN, HENRY, Tecumseh. Corp'l Comp'y G, 105th 111. Vol's, Aug. 15, 1862. Pvt. • , 1862. Serg't, Mar. 1, 1863. Capt. 14th U. S. Col'd Troops, Nov. 15, 1863. Bvt. Maj. Vol's, Mar. 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Nash- ville, Tenn." Alustered out Mar. 26, 1866. First Lt. 37th U. S. Inf'y, Jan. 22, 1867. Bvt. Capt., U. S. A., Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of Nashville, Tenn." Unassigned May 19, 1869. Assigned to 5th Inf'y, Aug. 14, 1869. Now in service. ROSECRANTZ, MORTIMER., Ypsilanti. Cadet M. A., , 1837. Bvt. Second Lt., 5th U. S. Inf'y, July 1, 1841. Second Lt., June 8, 1845. First Lt., July 10, 1846. Bvt. Capt., Aug. 2!i, 1847, " lor uallant and meritorious conduct in the buttles of Coutre- ras and Churubusco." Died Oct. 7, 1848. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 9S5 EUGKER DANIEL H., Grosse Isle. Second Lt. 1st U. S. Drngoons, Oct. 13, 1837. First Lt.. Oct. 8, 1844. Capt., Feb. 7, 1847. Bvt. Maj., U. S. A., Feb. 23, 1«47, "for ffallanl and meritorious conduct in the battle of Bu^na Vista." Tiansferred to Q M D.^partmeut Aug. 23, 1849. Maj. and Q. M., Aug. 3, 18(51. Col. and A. A. D. C, Sept 28 1861. Brig. Gen. Vol's, i.av 23, 1863. Resigned as Col. and A. A. D. C, May 26,' 1863. Bvt. Lt. Col., Col., and Brig. Gen. U. S. A., July 5, 1864. "for dili- fi^ent and faithful sei-vice during the war." Bvt. Maj. Gen. U. ^. A.^ .Mar. 13, 186.D, "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Bvt. Maj. Gon. \ ol s, Mnv. 13 1865 "for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Col. and Ass't Q. M.' Gen.'u. S. A., July 28, 1866. Mustered out of Volunteer service ^ept. 1, 1866. Now in service. RUCKER, WILLIAM A., Detroit. Capt. and Com. Subs. Vol's Aug. 30 1862. Additional Paymaster, U. S. A., Nov. 26, 1862. Bvt. Lt Col. \ols. Mar. 13, 18o0, " for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Maj. and Paymaster U. ». A., Ap'l 16, 1866. Now in service. SANFORD, GEORGE P. See Michigan officers. SANGER, JOSEPH P. See Michigan officers. SATTERLEE, RICHARD S., . Asst Surg. U. S A Feb. 25, 1822 Maj. and Su>- JuW 13 1832. Bvt. Lt. Col. and Brig. Gen., U. S. A., Sept. 2, 1864. "for dili- gent care'and attention in procuring proper army supplies as medical purveyor, and for economy and fidelity in the disbursement of large sums of money. Lt. Col. and. ChiefMedical Purveyor U. S. A., July 28, 1866. Retired Feb. 22, 1869. Died at New York City Nov. 10, 1880. SELFRIDGE, ROBERT 0. See Michigan officers. SHAFTER, WILLIAM R. See Michigan officers. SHERIDAN, PHILIP H. See Michigan officers. SIBLEY. EBENEZER S., Detroit. Cadet M. A. — ". ISf- ,^T^,f \\f tl'.f" Feb' 1827 Second Lt. 1st Art., July 1, 1827. First Lt., -Mai-, fa 1834 Bvt. >'^>J-^' .J *^'^'- 2r 1847, " for gallant and meritorious conduct at Bu.na Vista.' Capt. and .Is. t Q. XI T 1, 7 1S4.« Mai and O M Dec 22, 1856. Bvt. Lt. Col., May 6, 1861. Bvt. ci;i.f jtL'12 1861 it Col^^^^^^^ Q. M. Gen., Aug. 3, 1861. Resigned Apl 15, 1864, and honorably discharged. SINCLAIR, WILLIAM H. See Michigan officers. SMITH, HENRY W., — . Capt. an,i Ass't Adjt. Gen. Vol's, Sept 19, 1861. Mastered out .-ept. 1, 1867, and honorably discharged. honorably discharged. SMITH, LESLIE. — . Pv. .ene,^^^™,f ^^^.i^^! lS'^\.'^lry,^S Serg't, Oct. 1, 1851. Discharged J^lv 27 18o4. ^ |^»"^' J^ j^, ^3 ^^35 .. .^,, . 1861. First Lt., June 11, 1861. ^^P^-'^^y^'}^''s{^. .>d inry Alay 21, 1880. Now faithful and meritorious service durmg the war. Maj. -d int > , i>iaj ^1, in service. SPENCER, THOMAS J.. Detroit. Pvt Con^yy A. ^st Michigan Eighty Ar^^ 1861. Second Lt. 1st Ala. Cav., Aug. 21. l«<^f,. f^"'^^'"^^" ^^ t Mar. 2, 1867, "for end Lt. 10th U. S. Cav., July 28. l^^J^, . .^v'^'J^^^^^^ Ga." F ir'st Lt., June 1 1867. gaUant and meritorious service ui the battle of Atlanta, v^a. Capt., Mar. 20, 1879. Now in service. STANTON, WILLIAM —. f vt <)om^;y G 43d Cn.io Jnry Sept ^3,_I»«^. .^ Co,p., Now in service. STOCKTON, THOMAS B. W. See Michigan officers. U4: 9S6 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. TEN EYCK, ANTHONY, Detroit. Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, June 1, 1861. Mustered out tSept. 23, 1805, and honorably discharged. TERRY, HENRY D. See Michigan officers. TERRY, ADRIAN R., Detroit. Maj. and Surg. 1st Mich. Vol's, Mexican war, Oct. 20, 1847. Mustered out July 23, 1848, and honorably discharged. THAYER, HOMER L. See Michigan officers. THOMPSON, BRADLEY M. See Michigan officers. THOMPSON, JAMES L., Detroit. Second Lt. 10th U. S. Inf'y, June 27. 1856. Resigned Aug. 7, 1859, and honorably discharged. TILLMAN, WILLIAM, Detroit. Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Sept. 5. 1861. B\'t. Lt. Col., .Mar. 13, 1865, " for faithful and meritorious service during the war." Mustered out Jan, 15, 1866, and honorably discharged. TITUS, PLATT S. See Michigan officers. TOLL, ISAAC D., Fawn River. Capt. 15th U. S. Infy, Ap'l 9, 1847. Resigned Dec. 4, 1847, and honorably discharged. TROWBRIDGE, WILLIAM P., Detroit. Cadet M. A., , 1844. Bvt. Second Lt. U. 5. Eiig's, July 1, 1848. Second Lt., Nov. 30, 1849. First Lt., Dec. 18, 1854. Re- signed Dec. 1, 1856, and honorably discharged. TROWBRIDGE, CHARLES F., Detroit. Serg't Maj. Ist Mich. (3 months) Inf'v, May 1, 1«61. First Lt., 16th U. S. Inf'y, May 14, 1861. Bvt. Cape, July 4, 1862, "for a:al- laiit and meritorious service during the Peninsular campaign in Virginia." Capt., Jan. 13, 1863. Bvt. Maj., Sept. 1, 1864, " for i^allant and meritorious .service in i he battle of Kelly's Ford, Va., and during the Atlanta campaign." Transferred to the 2d luf'y, Ap'l 17, 1867. Died at Ann Arbor, .Mich., Feb. 9, 1878. TURNER, HORACE, Detroit. Capt. and Com. Subs. Vol's, June 30, 1862. Musterod out June 17, 1865, and honorably discharged. TYLER, JOHN. See Michigan officers. TYLER RICHARD W. See Michigan officers. VAN BUREN, MICHAEL E., Pontiac. First Lt. Mounted Rifles, May 27, 1846. Bvt. Capt., Aug. 20, 1847, "for gallant and merilorions conduct at Coutreras and Churu- busco." Capt., Oct. 9, 1847. Died July 20, 1854. VAN DE VENTER, EUGENE, Flint. Capt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, Ap'l 9, 1847. Maj. 13th Inf'y, Dec. 22, 1847. Disbanded July 15, 1848, and honorably discharged. VAN VALKENBURG, ELI, . Maj. and Paymaster Vol's, Feb. 19, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 15, 1866. and honorably discharged. VICKERY, RICHARD S. See Michigan officers. WALBRIDGE. FRANK E. See Michigan officer^. WALDRON, GEORGE W. See Michigan officers. WALKER, CHARLES M., . Capt. and Com. Subs. Vol's, Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 15, 1865, and honorably discharged. WATKINS, E. C, . Capt. and Ass't Adjt. Gen. Vol's, Oct. 8, 1864. Resigned Ap'l 5, 1865, and honorably discharged. WELCH, ALLEN T., Ann Arbor. Second Lt. 15th U. S. Inf'y, June 17, 1848. Dis- banded July 20, 1848, and honorably discharged. WEIR, THOMAS B. See .Michigan officers. WELLS, DANIEL T. See Michigan officers. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 987 WHEATON, LOYD, . First Serg't Comp'y E, 8th 111. Vol's, Ap'I 20, 1861. First Lt., July 25, 1861. Capt., Mar. 25, 1862. Maj., Aug. 28, 1863. Lt. Col., Dec. 2, 1864. Bvt. Col. Vol's, Mar. 26, 1865, "for faithful and meritorious service durinar the caaipalKU against the city of Mobile and its defenses." Mustered out May i, 1866. Capt. 34th U. rt. Inf'y, July 28, 1866. Bvt. Maj. Mar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and mer- itorious service in the sies^je of Vicksburg, Miss." Bvt. Lt. Col., ilar. 2, 1867, "for gallant and meritorious service in the assault on Fort Blakely, Ala." Unassigned Ap'I 14, 1869. Assigned to 20th Inf'y, Sept. 1, 1869. Now in service. WHIPPLE, HENRY C. See Michigan officers. WHISTLER, WILLIAM, Michigan Territory. Second Lt. 1st U. S. Inf'y, June 8, 1801. First Lt. Mar. 4, 1807. Capt, Dec. 31, 1812. Transferred to 3d Inf'y, May 17, 1815. Bvt. Maj., Dec. 31, ls22, "for ten years' faithful service in one grade." Maj. 2d Inf'y, Ap'I 28, 1826. Lt. Col. 7th Inf'v, July 21, 1834. Col. 4th Inf'v, July 15, 1845. Re- tired Oct. 9, 1861. Died Dec. 4, 1863. WHIT ALL, SAMUEL R., . Second Lt. 2d N. Y. Ait., May 5, 1864. Honorably discharged Sept. 23, 1864. Second Lt. 11th U. S. Inf'y, Mar. 7, 1867. Transferred to- 16th Inf'y, Ap'I 14, 1869. First Lt., Mar. 4, 1879. Now m service. WHITING, DeGARMO, J. See Michigan officers. WHITTLESEY, HENRY M. See Michigan officers. WILLCOX, ORLANDO B. See Michigan officers. WILKINS, WILLIAM D. See Michigan officers. WILLIAMS, J. BENSON. . Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Nov. 29, 1862. Appohit- ment expired Mar. 4, 1863. WILLIAMS, ALPHEUS S. See Michigan officers. WILLIAMS, THOMAS, Detroit. Cadet M. A. , 1833. Second Lt. 4th U. S. Art., July 1, 1837. First Lt., Oct. 5, 1840. Bvt. Capt., Aui?. 20, 1847, "for gallant and meritori- ous conduct at Gontreras and Churubusco." Bvt. Maj., Sept. 13,1847, " for gallant and meritorious conduct at Chapultepec." Capt., Sept 12, 1850. Maj. 5th Art., May 14, 1861. Brig. Gen. Vol's, Sept. 28, 1861. Killed in action at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862. WILLIAMS. JAMES C. D., Detroit. Second Lt. 3d U. S. Dragoons, Ap'I 9, 1847, First Lt., Jan. 8, 1848. Disbanded July 31, 1848, and honorably discharged. WIN AN S, FRAZEY M. See Michigan officers. WITHERELL, JAMES B., Detroit. Second Lt. 2d U. S. Cav., Mar. 3, 1855. First Lt., June 28, 1860. Drowned Mar. 20, 1861. WOODRUFF GEORGE A., . Cadet M. A. , 1857. Bvt. Second Lt. and Second Lt. and First Lt. 1st Art.. June 24, 1861. Died July 4, 1863, of wounds received at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa. WRIGHT, SAMUEL I., . Capt. and Ass't Q. M. Vol's, Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1867, and honorably discharged. IN THE NAVY. EEGULAR A^D VOLUNTEER. " Our country's flag is proudly flung With all its stars on every breeze* And Freedom's voice, with trumpet-tongue, Is sounding over land and seas." During the ■vvav the Navy fully maintained its record of former years, per- forming its full share in preserving the Union, gallantly defending and honoring the flag on all occasions, and conspicuously so in the brilliant victory of the Kearsarge over the Alabama, in a distant sea, in view of the people of a foreign nation, who watched with intense interest the inosr, famous naval engagement of modern times. The casualties wereonly one killed and two wounded in that gallant victory, yet the life's blood of a son of Michigan — William Gouin, of Detroit — sealed the record of that glorious achievement. Of the services of Michigan men in the navy, during the war, there is unfortunately but little on record at the State headquarters, as reports were not made to that department; but undoubtedly tlu'y were there at their i)osts, distinguished officers and brave men, and it is presumable that tiie State furnished its proportion for that service, the enlistments being 598, as credited at the war department. It would have afforded much satisfaction to have been able to trace the services of both officers and men in the navy, from Michigan, but lack of data has rendered it impracticable. Following is a record of officers, both regular and volunteer, fiom Michi- gan, who served in the war, and although it may fail as to completeness, yet it is as full as it has been possible to make it under the circumstances, Tlie compilation has been made up from a record kindly furnished, involv- ing much research and ronsi l.M'able lab >r, by Commander Charles S. Cotton. of the navy, who prepared it principally from H miersly's "Record of Living Officers, U. S. Navy," an interesting and valuable publication. I I MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 989 REGULAR. ADAM?*, SAMUEL 0. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michipran Second Lt. U. S. Marine Corps, Nov. 25, 1861. First Lt., Nov. 4, 1862. Attaciied to U. S. Marine Barraclis, Wasliington, D. C, 1861-62. U. S. Frigate " Colorado," Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1863-64. Died at Cairo, 111., Ap'l 1, 1864. BABCOCK, CHARLES A. Born in New York, June 12, 183a. Appointed from Miciiigan, Ap'l 8, 1850. Attaciied to Sloop "John Adams," coast of Africa, 1850-53. Brig " Bainbridge," Brazil Squadron, 1853-55. Naval Academy, 1856. Passed Midsliip- man, June 20, 1856. Coast survev, 1857. Master, Jan. 22, 1858. Sloop " Vaiuialia " Pacific Squadron, 1858-59. Lt., Oct. 2, 1859. Sloop "Macedonian," 1861. Execu- tive officer U. S. Flag-ship " Wachusett," on James and York rivers, Va., 1862. Lt. Commander, July 16, 1862. Co.iimanding U. S. Steamer " Morse," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1862-64. Sept. — , 1862, defeated rebel battery and infaiiLivat City Point, Va. May — , 1863, four miles below West Point, York river, Va., enyair(-d and drove away a rebel battery. At White House, Pamuiikey river, Va., June 2(1, 1864, engaged the rebel Gens. Wade Hampton and Fitz Huij:li Lee's cavalry, with three batteries, driving them from their position and saving eight hundred w;igons, two thousand horses, and fifteen hundred men from captuie by ttie enemy. Acting Fleet Capt., Mississippi Squadron, 1854-65. On the breaking up of the squadron in June, 1865, by orders from Rear Admiral Lee, he proceeded to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., to superintend the erection of a naval ordnance depot for the protection of the guns and ammunition of that squadron. After accomplishing this duty he was relieved in Mar., 1866. Attached to Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H., 1867-68. Commanded U. S. Steamer "Nyack," South Pacific Squadron, 1868-69. Commander, Oct. 28, 1869. Dui'ing the rebellion was highly and favorably mentioned in Rear Admiral Lee's report to the Honorable Secretary of the Navy for his active and arduous services. Light House Inspector, 1870-72. Commanding U. S. Steamer "Guard," 1872-73, engaged in carrying out a part of the exhibit of the Unitpd States to the Expositif)n at Vienna, Austria. Commanding U. S. Monitor " Canonicus," North Atlantic Squadron, 1S75-76. Died at New Orleans, La., June 29, 1876. CLITZ, JOHN M. B. Born in New York, iMar. 10, 1823. Appointed from Michigan, Aug. 12, 1837. Attached to Sloop "Ontario," West India Squadron, 1838-42. Naval School, Philadelphia, 1843. Passed Midshipman, June 29, 1843. Sloop " St. Alarys," Mediterranean Squadron, 1844-45. Sloop "Falmouth," Home Squadron, 1815^6. Commander Brig " Hecla," Home Squadron, 1847. Capitulation of Castle San Juan d' UUoa, and capture of Tuspan. Steamer "Perita," Home Squadron, 1847-48. Frigate " Cumberland," Mediterranean Squadron, 1849-51. Lt., Ap'l 6, 1851. Coast Survey, 1851-52. Steam Frigate "Mississippi," East India Squadron, 1852-55. Special duty, Washington, 1856. Sloop "Decatur," Pacific Squadron, 1858-59. Steam Sloop "Iroquois," 1861. Commander, July 16, 1862. Commanding "Penob- scot, " North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1863. Commanding Steam Sloop "Juni- ata," East Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1863. Commanding Steamer " Osceola," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1864-65, at both attacks on Fort Fisher. Mavy Yard, Boston, 1866. Capt., July 25, 1866. Commandhig Steam Sloop "Pawnee," South Atlantic Squadron (Brazil), 1868-69. Ordnance duty. Navy Yard, New York, 1870. Commanding Frigate " California," Pacific Squadron, 1870-72. Comnuxioro, Dee. 28, 1872. Commanding Naval Station, Port Royal, S. C, 1876-77. Light House Inspector, 1878-80. Rear Admiral, Mar. 13, 1880. DAVENPORT, FRANCIS O. Born in Michigan, Oct. 3, 1842. Appointed from Michigan, Sept. 26, 1856. Naval Academy, 1856-60. Attached to Brig "Perry," 1861. Cap- ture of rebel Privateer "Savannah," 1861. Steam Gunboat "Scioto," West Gulf Squadron, 1862-63. Bombardment and passage of Forts Jackson and St. Pldlip, ISCi. Engagement with guerrillas, Galveston, Tex., July 9, 1863. While temporarily in charge of the " Scioto," he went on shore on the coast of Texas with two boats and twelve men, crossed the island (three and one-half miles in width), and captured one Schooner with one hundred bales of cotton, and one Sloop with thirty bales. In pre- paring to leave he was wounded by the accidental discharge of a rifle, fracturing his left arm, and rendering amputation above the elbow necessary. Naval Academy, 1864. Frigate "Sabine," 1865-66. Steamer "Michigan." on the lakes, 1866-67. Master and Lt., 1861. Lt. Commander, July 25, 1866. Sti'am Sloop " Tuscarora." South Pacific Squadron, 1868. Store-ship " Onward, ' same squadron, 1869. Retired from active service, at his own request, 1870. 990 MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. DbGRAFF, ISAAC. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Third Ass't Enff Deo. 9, 1861. Second Ass't Eng., Sept. 8. 1863. Attached to U. S. steamer " Hartl ford Admiral Farragufs Flag-ship, 1861-64, and participated in all the ena:a^enieuts of that celebrated ship during that period, including those of Forts Jackson and St Philip, the destruction and capture of the rebel fleet, the fall of New Orleans the passage of the batteries of Port Hudson, battle of Mobile Bay. etc. Soecial d'utv New York, 1865. Resigned Aug. 23, 1806. '' GRIDLEY, CHARLES V. Bom in Indiana. Appointed from Michigan, Sept 26 1860 Naval Academy, 1860-63. Ensign. Oct. 1, 1863. Attaclied to Strain Sloop " Oneida " West Gulf Squadron, 1863-65. Battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864, and operations resulting m surrender of Forts Powell, Gaines, and Morgan, of the defenses of Mobile Bay Aug. 5 to 22, 1864. Steam Sloop "Brooklyn," Flag-ship Brazil Squad- ron 1865-67. Master, Nov. 10, 1866. Steam Sloop " Kearsarge " (of famous memory as the victor of the piratical rebel cruiser " Alabama," during the war of the rebellion) South Pacific Squadron, 1867-69. Lt., Feb. 21, 1867. Lt. Commander Mar 12 1868. Attached to U. S. Steamer " Michigan," on the lakes, 1870-72 US Steamer '• Monongahela," South Atlantic Station, 1873-74. This ship returned from Kenruejen Island to South America with the officers composing the party to observe the transit of Venus. Instructor in Seamanship, Naval Tactics and Naval Construction Naval Academy 1875-79. Executive officer U. S. Steamer " Trenton," Flag-ship European otation, 1880. JACKSON, CALVIN 0. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Paymaster July 17 iyo7. Attached to Sloop " Vandalia," Paciho Squadron, 1857-58, Steamer " Memphis '' Brazd Squadron and Paraguay Expedition, 1858-9. Steam Sloop "Dakota "■ East India Squadron, 1859-61. Steamer " Michigan," on the lakes, 1862-63. Special duty Mississippi Squadron, 1864-65. Paymaster at Washington, 1866-68 Pay Director Oct. 24, 1871. Naval Academy, 186'J-72. Pay Omce, Baltimore, 1872-75 Retired from active service, 1876. HEYERMAN, OSCAR F. Born in Prussia. Appointed from Michigan Nov 29 1861 Naval Academv, 1861-64. Steam Frigate " Colorado," Flag-ship Mediterranean squadron, 1866-67. Master, Dec. 1, 1866. Steam Sloop "Canandaigua," Eurouean Squadron, 1868-69. Lt., Mar. 12, 1868. Lt. Commander, Oct. 13 1868 Steam ^onTl^A "5^oioi'a2 1864 Lt. Commander, July 25, 1866. Served on board the U. S. Steamer "Hartford'' Tv.^^L^'*™*'"^' Farragut's Fia^r-ship, 1861-63, and was engaged in the operations on the Mississippi River, resulting m the capture of Forts St. PhiUp and Jackson and New Orleans, and the passage of the heavy batteries at Port Hudson, on which occa- sion only the "Hartford" and her small consort, the "Albatross," succeeded in get- ting by. Attached as Executive officer to the monitor "Lehigh," ofif Charleston S MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 991 C, 1864-65, and served in all the actions of that vessel in front of Charleston duiin" that period. Again attached to the famous "Hartford," Flag-ship of the East India Squadron, 1865-68. Present at an attack upon the natives of the Island of Formosa. During the latter part of this cruise was appointed by the Commander-in-Chief of the East India Squadron, Rear Admiral H. W. Bell, as Fla^ Lt. Was drowned, together with Rear Admiral Bell and ten men of the crew of the Admirals barge' while attempting to cross the bar of the river at Osaka, Japan, in a heavv surf' Jan. 11, 1868. > f , / , SHERMAN, C. L. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan Second Lt. U. S. Marine Corps, July 12, 1862, First Lt., Dec. 8, 1864. Attached to U. S. Marine Barracks Washington, D. C, and Charlestown, Mass., 1862-63. U. S. Steamer " Hanford " Flag-ship of Rear Admiral Farragut, 1863-64. U. S. Steamer "R-chmond," West Gulf Squadron. 1864-65. Participated in all the engagements of those two ships dur- ing that period, including operations in the Mississippi River in the " Haitford," and the battle of Mobile Bay and subsequent operations in the "Brooklyn." Marine Barracks, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1865-67. Marine Barracks, Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-69. Marine Barracks, Norfolk, Va., 1870. U. S. Steamer "Congress," 1871. Marine Barracks, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1872, Marine Barracks, Norfolk, Va., 1873. Marine Bar- racks, Pensacola, Fla., 1876. U, S. Receiving Ship " St, Louis," League Island, Pa., 1877, Resigned Sept. 7, 1877. Since died in New York City. WATTERS, JOHN. Bom in Michigan, Jan. 5, 1831, Appointed from Michigan Feb, 12, 1846, Sloop "Saratoga," Home Squadron, 1846-48. Frigate "Congress." Brazil Squadron, 1850-51, Naval Academy, 1852. Passed Midshipman, June 8, 1852. Sloop "Macedonian," East India Squadron, 1853-56, Lt., Sept. 16, 1855, Naval Acadamy, 1857-59. Sloop "Preble," Home Squadron, 1859-60. Steam Frigate "Minnesota," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 1860-62. On boaid the "Min- nesota " in the battles of the 28th and 29lh of Aug. , 1861. On the coast of North Carolina, in a boat expedition, in the same year. Up Black River, nine miles from Fortress Monroe, captured a schooner and destroyed a number of blockade runners. Engaged Sewall's Point batteries and rebel ram " Merrimac " and her consorts. Mar. 8 and 9, 1862. Lt. Com., July 16, 1862. Steam Sloop " Monongahela, " Wesiern Gulf Blockading Squadron, 1863-65. Commanded the steam Gunboat "Kineo," at the passage of Port Hudson, on the Mississippi River, Mar, 14, 1863. In June, patroling the Mississippi River, looking for Gen. Green's Texas rebels who were advancing on the city of Donaldsonville in great force. From July 4 to in, 1863, con- voyed army transports by the rebel batteries posted on the Burnside and Winchester plantations, five miles below Donaldsonville, La., and fought these batteries going and returning. Special duty, Baltimore, Md,, 1866, Naval Academy, lb67. Commaniler, Ap 1 14, 1867, Commanding Store-ship "Cyane, " South Pacific Squadron, 1868-69, Navy Yard, New York, 1870. Commanded Receiving Ship "Vermont," Navy Yard, 1870-73, Commanded Steam Sloop "Ossipee, " North Atlantic Squadron, during the settlement with Spain of the question arising out of the capture of the ' • Virginius " on the coast of Cuba, Died at Baltimore, Md,, Jan. 22, 1874. WISNER, HENRY C. Bom July 29, 1844, in Michigan. Appointed Midshipman to U. S. Naval Academy, Ap'i 16, 1862, Served on Sloop-of-War "Marion," and Gun-boat " Marble head, " from June to October, 1862, cruising on coast of U, S, Servetl on Frigate "Macedonian " from June to October, 18ii3, cruising on coast of Europe and English Channel, in search of rebel Privateer "Alabama." Served on Frigate " Mac- edonian " and Gunboat " Saco " from June to October, 1865, cruising on coast of U. S. Graduated at Naval Academy June 1, 1866, as Passed Mid-hii)nuui. Served on Steam Frigate "Susquehanna" from Nov. 1, 1866, until March, 1867, on sp«^cial cruise in Gulf of Mexico, on coast of Mexico, and West Indies. Served in South Atlantic Squadron, from June, 1867, to July, 1870, cruising in South Atlantic, servings on Steam Frigate " Guerriere," Flag-ship, Gunboat "Huron," Sloop "Pawnee," Gunboat "Wasp," and Sloop " Quinnebaug." Ensign, Mar. 24, 1868. Master, Mar. 2u, 1869, and Lt., Mar, 21, 1870, Attached to U. S. Torpedo Corps from October, 1870, to March, 1872. Resigned Ap'l 16, 1873. In service eleven years— eight years and eight months at sea. 992 MICHIGAN IN THE WAK, VOLUNTEEE. ABBOTT, J. GURLEY. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Master's Mate, Dec. 10, 1863. Served on the U. S. Steamer "Petrel," in the Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Dec. 7,- 1865. BAERON, JACOB. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ensign, Mar. 9, 1864. Served in the Pacific Squadron. Promoted Acting Master. Discharged Dec. 26, 1865. BEAMAN, EZRA 0. Born in Canada. Appointed from Michisran, Acting Ensii^n, Ap'I 9, 1863. Acting Master U. S. Navy, March 19, 1864. Served on board tlie U. S. Steamer " Choctaw," Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Deo. 30, 1865. BRIGHAM, LEGRAND B. Born in New Yorli. Appointed from Michigan, Acting En- sign, Oct. 23, 1863. Served on the U. S. Steamer "Lodona," South Atlantic BlocJc- ading Squadron. Discharged Jan. 13, 1866. BROOKE, N. J. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Third Assistant Engineer, Feb. 5, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamers "Robb" and "Tensas," Missis- sippi Squadron. Discharged Aug. 8, 1865. BURNS, JEROME. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Carpenter, June 11, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamer "Mound City," Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Oct. 28, 1865. COOK, LIVINGSTON. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Second Assistant Engineer, July 20, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamer "Judge Torrence," Mississippi Squadron. Appointment revoked January 26, 1864. DOUGHERTY, GEORGE W. Born in Pennsylvania. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Assistant Paymaster, Sept. 18, 1863. Served on the U. S. Steamer " Hetzel," North At- lan 10 Blockading Squadron, and in the Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Jan. 1, 1866. DUCKER, GEORGE. Born in England. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Tliird Assis- tant Engineer, Oct. 12, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamer " Mt. Vernon," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Resigned May 12, 1865. FARRAND, JAMES B. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Third As- sistant Engineer, Nov. 12, 1862. Acting Second Assistant Engineer, May 5, 1864. Acting First Assistant Engineer. March 26, 1865. Served on U. S. Steamer " South- field," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron; Monitor "Manhattan," South Atlantic Blockading Squadron; U. S. Steamers "A'ound City" and " Shawmut," North At- lantic Squadron. Dischai-ged Oct. 7, 1868. FOSTER, JOHN H. Born in Ohio. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Assistant Second Engineer, Sept. 21, 1863. Acting First Assistant Engineer, July 8, 1864. Served on U. S. Steamer "Geranium," South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and Monitor "Na- hant," South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Discharged Octobor 11, 1865. GROW, A. L. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Third Assistant En- gineer, Aug. 1, 1863. Served on Alonitor "Nantucket," South Atlantic Blockading^ Squadron, and U. S. Steamer "Lark Spur," South Atlantic Blockatling "quadron. Discliarged Sept. 8, 1865. HARTER, LAFAYETTE. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Assis- tant Paymaster, Dec. 31, 1862 Served on the U. S. Steamer "Prairie Bird," Missis- sippi Squadron. Discharged Dec. 4, 1865. HEWITT, ISAAC B. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting First Assis- tant Engineer, Oct 3, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamers "Crusader" and "Lady Stir- ling," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Discharged Sept. 24, 1865. JENNINGS, WILLIAM. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acthig Third Ass't Eng., Oct. 3, 1864, Served on U. S. Steamer "Lillian," North Atlantic Block- ading Squadron. Resigned Jan. 13, 1865. JOSSLIN, GEORGE C. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Master's Mate, Mar. 26, 1863. Acting Ensign, June 18, 1864. Served on the U. S. Stean> Sloop, " Tuscarora," special coast service, coast of Europe and U. S. Steamer "Petomska," South Atlantic Blockading Squaron. Resigned Ap'I 28, 1865. MICHIGAN IN THE WAB, 993 LAWKENCE, DAVID A. Born in Maine. Appointed from Michigan Acting Third Ass't Eiig., July 18, 1862. Served on U. S. Steamer "E. B. Hale," South Atlantic Block- ading Squadron. No further record. MOSES, JABEZ H. Born in New Yorli. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Surg., Feb. 19, 1864. Served in the Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Oct. 10, 1865, PHILLIPS, WILLIAM W. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan Acting Ensign, June 11, 1864. Served in the Mississippi Squadron. Resigned May 22, 1865. PHILLIPS, SELDON JONES. Bom in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Master's Mate, Nov. 25, 1863. Served on the U. 8. Steamer "Juliet," Mississippi K. ISquadron. Appointment revolced June 23, 1864. REDFIELD, GEORGE S. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Paymaster, Aug. 3, 1861. Served on the U. S. Steamer "National Guard," Western Gulf Blockading Squadron, also on the U. S. Steamer "Circassian" (supply). Re- signed Mar. 3, 1864. REYNOLDS, EZEKIEL. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting First Ass't Eng., Oct. 15, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamer "Paw Paw," Mississippi Squad- ron. Discharged Oct. 19, 1865. REYNOLDS, CHARLES W. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Second Ass't Eng., June 21, 1862. Served in the Mississippi Squadron. Acting First Ass't Eng., Aug. 10, 1864. Discharged Sept. 2, 1865. ST. JOHN, HENRY. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Pay- master, Aug. 20. 1863. Served on Barque "Restless," South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Discharged Nov. 29, 1865. STROPE, WILLIAM H. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Mas- ter's Mate, . Acting Ensign, Ap'I 22, 1863. Commandmg U. S. Steamer "Dahlia," Mississippi Squadron, . Discliarged Nov. 23, 1865. STONE, CHARLES H. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Second Ass't Eng., Aug. 24, 1861. Taken prisoner Jan. 1, 1863, at the capture of the "Harriet Lane," at Galveston, Texas. Exchanged, . Served on Gunboat "Pembina," in 1863, and on Torpedo-boat "Stromboli," in 1865. Mustered out . Now Chief Eng. on Revenue Steamer, "Commodore Perry." VAN WERT, WILLIAM H. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Third Ass't Eng., Ap'I 1, 1864. Served in the Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Nov. 14, 1865. VAN CLEVE, JOHN W., Je. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Paymaster, Oct. 28, 1863. Served in Mississippi Squadi-on. Discharged Nov. 8, 1865. WHEDON, ROBERT H. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Surg., Oct. 10, 1863. Served on the U. S, Steamer "Crusader," North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Discharged Nov. 1, 1865. WHITTEMORE, GEORGE H. Born in Michigan. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Third Ass't Eng., Dec. 3, 1863. Served on U. S. Steamer " Galatea," West India Squadron; "A. D. Vance;" Monitor "Monadnock," during her passage around Cape Horn to the Pacitic, m the squadron which accompanied her, under the command of Commodore John Rogers. The "Monadnock" was not only tiie first "Monitor," but the tirst iron-clad vessel of war to double Cape Horn. Served also on the U. S. Steamer "Vanderbilt," North Pacific Squadron, and U. S, Steamer "Saginaw." Acting Second Ass't Eng., Ap'I 18, 1865. Discharged Dec. 22, 1868. WINTER, ASA O. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Pay- master, Aug. 1, 1861. Served on the U. S. steamer " E. B. Hale." South Atlantic Blockading Squadron; Steam Sloop "San Jacinto," Eastern Gulf Blockading Squad- ron, and died on board U. S. Steamer "Union," at sea June 28, 1864. WORDEN, ISAAC G. Born in New York. Appointed from Michigan, Acting Ass't Pay- master, Ap'I 1, 1863. Served on iron-clad Steamer " Caioudeiet," Mississippi Squad- ron. Resigned Nov. 9, 1864. I2b This compilation of history and register of officers shoulrl not be accepted as completing the war record of Michigan, as it must occur to every one that in justice to those who served in the ranks, a register containing their names should also be made and printed in a volume, and it is hoped that at no distant day this will be accomplished. Such a compilation would not only be recognized and accepted with much interest and favor by those whose names appeared therein, but in the future would prove of incalculable value in the adjustment of any claims arising on account of their services, while it would be cherished by their families and friends, as well as the people of the State, as a most sacred memorial of those who, at a great sacrifice, rendered heroic and faithful service to their country in tlie dav of its extreme trinl. MET THE ENEMY. Places and dates at which Michigan troops encountered the enemy daring the war, carefully compiled from the official reports of Regimental Command- ers, and covering over 800 occasions where Michigan men defended and pro- tected the Flag against treason and armed rebellion. Abbott Creek, N. 0., Ap'l 10, 1865. Abingdon, Va., Dec. 13, 1864. Ackworth, Tenn., June 2 to 5, 1864. Aiken, S. C, Feb. 11, 1865. Aldit^, Va., Ap'l 27, 1863. Altamaha Bridge, Ga., Dec. 17, 1864. Allatoona, Ga., May 26 to 29, 1864. Alpine, Ga., IMar. 23, 1865. Amelia Court House, Va., Ap'l 5, 1865. Amite River, Miss., June 20, 1862. Amite River, Miss., May 7, 1863, Alexandria, Tenn., Ap'l 23, 1863. Anderson's Gross Eoads, Tenn., Oct. — , 1863. Anderson Court House, S. C, May 2, 1865. Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Antioch, Tenn., Ap'l 10, 1863. Appomattox Court House, Va., Ap'l 8 and 9, 1865. Arkansas Post, Ark., Jan. 6, 1863. Arnold's Plantation, Ga., Dec 11, 1864. Arundel Creek, Ga., May 16, 1864. Ashby's Gap, Va.. June 21, 1863. Ashley's Bayou, Ark., Sept. 7, 1863. Ashton, Ark., Julv 24, 1864. Asheville, N. C, Ap'l 25, 1865. Athens, Tenn., Sept. 27, 1863. Athens, Ala., May 29, 1862. Athens, Ala., Sept. 24, 1864. Atlanta, Ga., Siege of, July 22 to Aug. 25, 1864. Auburn, Tenn., Feb. 19, 1863. Auburn Heights, Va., Oct. 1, 1863. Averysboro, N. C, Mar. 14 and 15, 1865. Bacon Creek, Ky., Dec. 24, 1862. Baird's Mill, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1862. Baldwin, Fla., Aug. 8, 1864. Baldwin, Miss., June — , 1862. Ball's Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861. Barataria, La., Aii'l 7, 1863. :Baton Rogue, La., Aug. 5, 1862. Baton Rogue, La., Aug. 17, 1862. :Baltimore Cross Roads, Va., May 29, 1864. Bay Springs, Miss., Sept. 10, 1862. Bayou Teche, La., Jan. 14, 1863. Bayou Mecoe, Ark., Aug. 27, 1863. Beaver Dam Station, Va., May 10, 1864. Bean's Station, Tenn., Dec. 14, 1863. Bean's Station, Tenn., June 16, 1864. Bean's Gap, Tenn., Mar. 26, 1864. Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 20 and 21, 1865. Bentonville, N. C.,Mar. 19, 1865. Benton, Aik., Sept. 11, 1863. Berry ville, Va., Sept. 3, 1864. Bethesda Church, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. Bethesda Church, Va., June 2 and 3, 1864. Big Shanty, Ga., June 9, 1864. Big Shantv, Ga., June 15, 1864. Big Black River, Miss., May 17, 1863. Big Blue, Mo,, Oct. 23, 18G4. Blackland, Miss., June 5, 1862. Blackburn Ford, Va., July 18, 1861. Blountsville, Tenn., , 1862. Blue Springs, Tenn., Aug. 23, 1864. Blue Springs, Tenn., Oct. 5 to 10, 1663. Boonsboro, Md., July 6, 1863. Boonsboro, Md.,July8, 1863. Boonville, Miss., June 1, 1862. Boonville, N. C, Mar. 27. 1865. Boon, N. C, Mar. 27, 1865. Bowen's Farm, Va., Sept. 30 and Oct 1, 1864. Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 14, 1862. BoydtonRoad, Va., Oct. 8, 1864. Bovdton Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. Bovdton Road, Va. Ap'l 2, 1865. Boykins, S. C, Ap'l 18, 1865. Brandy Station, Va., Oct. 13, 1863. Bradvville, Tenn., Jan. 21, 1863. Brabsons Mills, Tenn., Mar. 25, 1865. Brentwood, Tenn., Dec. 8, 1862. Brentwood, Tenn., Mar. 25, 1863. Bridgeville, Ala., Ap'l 6, 1865. Bristol, Tenn., Dec. 14, 1864. Bristol, Tenn., Dec. 13, 1864. Bridgeport, Ala., Ap'l 29, 1862. 996 MICHIGAN IN THE WAE. Bristo Station, Va., Oct. 14, 1863, Brownsville, Miss., Jan. 14, 1863. Brownsville, Miss., Oct. — , 1863. Brownsville, Ark., Aug. 25, 1863. Broad Kiver Bridge, S. C, Feb. 17, 1865. Brown's Ferry, Tenn., Oct. 27, 1863. Buckland's Mills, Va., Oct. 19, 1863, Buffington's Island, O., July 19, 1863. Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. Bull Run 2d, Va., Aug. 28, 29, and 30, 1862. Bull Gap, Tenn., Aug. 21, 1864. BuU Gap, Tenn., Aug. 29, 1864. Buzzard's Roost, Ga., Feb. 25, 1864, Buzzard's Roost, Ga., May 10, 1864. Byhalia, Miss., Oct. 12, 1863. CsBsar's Head, S. C, Ap'l 30, 1865. Calhoun, Tenn., Sept. 26, 1863. Calhoun Ferry, Ga., May 15, 1864. Campbellville, Tenn., Sept. 5, 1864. CampbellviUe, Tenn., Nov. 24,1864. Campbell Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. Camden, Ark., Ap'l 15, 1864. Canv Branch, Tenn., June 20, 1864. Capture of Jeff. Davis, Ga., May 10, 1865. Carter's Station, Tenn., Sept. 21, 1863. Cassville, Ga., Mav 9, 1864. Cassville, Ga., May 19, 1864. Oat, Tail Creek, Va., Ap'l 2. 1865. Catawba River, S. C.,Fel'.-29, 1865. Cavetown, Md., July 5, Ibua. Cave Springs, Ga., Oct. 13, 1864. Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862. Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. Cedar Bluffs, Ala., Oct. 23, 1864. Chattanooga, Tenn, Oct. 6, 1863, Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 17, 1863. Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 23 and 24, 1863. Charlotte, Tenn,, Feb. 6, 1863. Chattahoochee, Ga., July 4, 1864, Chattahoochee, Ga., July 5 and 6, 1864. Chattahoochee, Ga., July 8, 1864. Chattahoochee, Ga., July 9, 1864. Charles Cross Roads, Tenn., Mar, 20, 1864. Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863. Chancellorsville. Va., Mav 1 to 6, 1863, Chantillv, Va., Sept. 1, 1862. CheiTv VaUey, Tenn., June 16, 1863, Cheraw, S. C, Mar. 4, 1865. Chewala, Miss., Oct. 1, 1861. Chickamauga, Ga.. Sept. 18, 19, 20, 1863. Chickamauga, Ga., Nov. 26, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., Dec. 28, 29, 1862. Christiansburg, Va., Ap'l 3, IBCS. Chucky Bend, Tenn., Oct. 10, 18G4, Chuckv Bend, Tenn.. Jan. 10, 1665, Clarendon, Ark., June 26, 1864. Cleveland, Tenn., Dec. 12, 1863, Cleveland, Tenn., Sept. 18, 1863. CUfton, Miss., Feb. 10, 1863. CUiiton, Ga.,Nov. 19, 1864. Clinton, Miss., Feb. — , 1864. Clinch River, Va., Nov. 28, 1864, Clinch River, Va., Dec. 24, 1864. (old Harbor, Va., Mav 30 and June 1, 1864 Cold Harbor, Va., June 2 to 12, 1864, Cold Harbor, Va., July 21, 1864. Cobb's Ford, Tenn., Dec. 3, 1864. Coffeevilie, Miss., Dec. 5, 1862, Columbia, Tenn., Mar. 4 and 5, 1863. Columbia, Tenn., Nov. 25, 26, 27, 1864. Columbia, S. C, Feb. 15, 1865. Columbia, S. C, Feb, 17, 1865. Gongaree Creek, S. C, Feb. 15, 1865. Coosa, Ala., July 15, 1864, Coosaw River, S. C, Dec. 18, 1861. Corinth, Miss., siege of. May 10 to 31, 1862. Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3 and 4, 1862. Corinth, Miss., Feb, — , 1865. Corbin's Ridge. Va., May 8, 1864. Cotton Port, Tenn., Sept. 30, 1863. Courtland, Ala., July 25, 1864. Covington, Ga., July 22, 1864. Covington, Ga., July 2S, 1864. Coxs Bridge, N. C. Mar. 20, 1865. Cuckwold's Creek Bridge, S. C, Feb. 8, 1865. Culpepper, Va., Sept. 14, 1863. Culpepper, Va., Oct. 12, 13, 1^63, Culp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864. Gulp's House, Ga., July 1, 1864. Cumberland Gap, Tenn., Sept. 9, 1863. Cumberland Shoals, Tenn., Jan. 13, 1863. Cummings Ferry, Ky., Julv 9, 1863. Curtiss Wells, Ala., June 24, 1864, Cross Roads, Va., Nov. 26, 1863. Cypress Swamp, Ga., Dec. 7, 1864. Cypress River, Tenn., Oct. 7, 1864. Cynthiana, Tenn., June 12, 1864. Dabnev's Mills, Va., Feb. 6 and 7, 1865. Dallas, Ga., May 24, 1^G4. Uiillas, Ga., May 27, 1864. Dmdridge, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1863, D.iudridge, Tenn., Jan. 17, 1862. Daudridge, Tenn,, Dec. 25, 1863, Daiidridge, Tenn., Mav 19, 1864. Danbury, N, C, Ap'l 9, 1865, Danville, Ky., Oct. 17, 1862, Danville, Ky., Feb. 24, 1863. Davis Cross Roads, Tenn., Sept, 11, 1868. Decherd, Tenn., July 4, 1863, Decatur, Ala., July 20, 1864. Decatur, Ala., Oct. 28, 29, 30, 1864. Decatur, Ala., Oct. 24, 1864. Decatur, Ala., Nov. 28, 1864. Decatur, Ga., Julv 18 and 19, 1864. Decatur, Ga., July 20 and 21, 1864, Deep Bottom, Va., July 27 and 28, 1864. Devaux, S. C, Dec. 9, 18r,4. Double Bridge, Ga., Ap'l 18, 1865. Duck Pond Mills, Va., Ap'l 4, 1865. Duck River, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1864. Duck River, Tenn., Mar. 11, 1863. Dug Gap, Ga., May 13 and 14, 1864, Durant's Mill, Ga., July 20 and 21, 1864, Dutch Bottom, Tenn., June 28, 1864, Eagleville, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1863. East Point, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864. Eaton ton, Ga., Aug. 1, 1864. Elk River Ford, Tenn., July 2, 1863, Elk Water, West Va., Sept. 11 and 12, 1861. EUistown, Miss., Dec. 3, 1863. Elv's Ford, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. Estillville, Va., , 1862. Etowah River, Ga., May 24, 1864. Etowah River, Ga., May 26, 27, 28, 1864. MICHIGAN IN THE WAR. 997 I'air Oaks, Ga., Aug. 19, 1864. Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862. JPai^ Garden, Tenn., Jan. 24, 1864. FaUing Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. J'armington, Miss., May 9, 1^62. Farniin^ton, Miss., May 5, 18G2. Farmer's Bridge, Ga., May 15, 1864. Farmville, Va., Ap'l 7, 1865. FayetLeville, N. C, Mar. 13, 1865, Fitzhugii Crossing, Va., Ap'l 29, 1863. Five Forks, Va , Mar. 30 and 31, and Ap'l 1, 1865. Flat Rock, Ga., July 27, 1864. Flat Rock, Ga., July 28, 1864. Flat Creek Bridge, Tenn., Aug. 24, 1864. Flemingsburg, Ky„ Feb. 18, 1865. Florence, Ala., Oct. 6, 1864. F'lorence, Ala., Oct. 10, 1864. Ford near Statesville, N. C, Ap'l 11, 1865. Fort Esperanza, Tex., Nov. 29, 1863. Fort Saunders, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1863. Fort Steedman, Va., Mar. 25, 1865. Fort Morgan, Ala., Aug. 23, 1864. Fort Blakely, Ala., Ap'l — , 1865. Fort Hugar, Ala., Ap'l — , 1865. Fort Tracy, Ala., Ap'l — , 1865. Fort Pulaski, Ga., Ap'l 14, 1862. Fort Mahon, Va., A|.'l 2, 1865. Fort Riley, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1862, Fort McAllister, Ga., Dec. 13, 1864. Fort Anderson, N. C, Feb. 18, 1865, Fort McGilvery, Va., Ap'l 1, 1865. Franklin, Tenn., Dec. 12, 1862. Franklin, Tenn., Sept. 27, 1864. Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. Franklin, Mo,, Oct, 1, 1864. Fredericksburg, Va., Dec, 11, 12, 13, and 14, 1862. Front Royal, Va,, Aug. 16, 1864. Gainesville, Tenn., Feb. 19, 1863. Gaines's Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Gainesville. Va., Aug. 29, 1862. ■Gallatin, Tenn., Nov. 8, 1862. Gallatin, Tenn., Aug. 13, 1862. <}allatin, Tenn., Dec. 5, 1862. Georgetown, Ky., June 13, 1864. eptember 2P.— Lieutenant Christopher Tuttle, Adjutant First Regiment, promoted to be Captain in First Regiment in place of James Henry, declined! Lieutenant Benjamin Chittenden, of the Light Infantry, transferred to First Regiment in place of Joseph Wilkinson, declined. October 5.— The First Regiment being too extensive for one Adjutant, the Commander-in-Chief has promoted Ensign Jean Baptiste Cicott to be Lieu-* tenant and Second Adjutant of the said regiment. October 4.— Israel Ruland appointed Major of the Second Regiment in place of Lewis Bond, declined. The following additional appointments were made in the First Regiment: Captains, James Anderson, Henry MacVay; Lieutenants, John Ruland, Charles M. Campau; Ensigns, Jacob Aeiler, James F. Griswold. October 9. — The militia of the River St. Clair are detached from the First Regiment. They will form four companies, which will constitute one bat- talion, to be commanded by one Lieutenant Colonel and one Major. The Fust Regiment and the Legionary Corps will form one brigade, which will rank as the First Brigade. The Second Regiment, the Battalion of the River St. Clair, and Lieutenant Colonel Duncan's Corps will form one brigade, which will rank as the Second Brigade. The First and Second Brigades are hereby formed into one Division. Captain George Cottiell, of the District of Huron,* promoted to be Lieu- tenant Colonel of the Battalion of the River St. Clair. Captain Louis Campau, of the District of Huron, promoted to be Major of the Battalion of the River St. Clair. Conrad Seek, of the District of Detroit, appointed a Lieutenant in the First Regiment. Peter E. Visger appointed Ensign in the First Regiment in place of Jean Baptiste Cicott, promoted. This seems to have completed the organization in the territory. There •may have been many changes in the Military Department, but nothing of record is found until the publication of the following order: ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE Headquaetebs at Detroit, i nr • The officers who signed the articles of capitulation were Isivac Brock, Major General, Lieutenant Colonel J. McDonell, and Major J. B. Glegiz. British; Wm Hull, Brigadier General, Lieutenant Colonel James Miller, U. S. A., Colonel Elijah Brush, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Nichol, Michigan Militia. In a supplementary article of the same date (16th) it was agreed that the officers and soldiers of the Ohio troops should be permitted to proceed to their respective homes on parole on condition that they should not serve during the war unless exchanged. These terms were by an additional article extended to the Micliigan troops under command of Major Witherell. The reoular troops were held as prisoners of war and sent to Montreal, while those of Michigan were paroled at Detroit and those of Ohio were also paroled there and sent^oii vessels to Cleveland, from whence they made tneir way to ^^Xt the Time of the surrender Captain Brush's command was still in camp near Godfrey's trading post, up on the Kaisin, where on the l?th of August Captain Elliott of the British army made his appearance and claimed their surrender; but; Brush considered that his command was not included in the capitulatimi, therefore declining to accede to his demand he marched his troops back to Ohio without giving parole. . iTthe meantime Major Witherell had been taken down the lake as a prison r of war and only submitted to parole at Kingston. Genera Hull was taken to Montreal arriviuff there on the 6th of September, where he was otfered a id accepted hfspaioTe on the 16th of that month, and allowed to proceed to his ^Tharges were afterwards preferred against Hull of treason cowardice, neg- lect of duty and unofficerlike conduct. On his trial betore the court-inartia t^e chame 0? treason was withdrawn, but he was found guilty of suffic.en SLrch^esandspecificaticn..™^^^ ^:;;^i:^;t;rr:-i:^:rir r^'^^^ of .resident MadLn, w.. approved of ^^ ^^^^^^.^^^'^'^'X^Tseerus that with the exception From the V^'^^'^^fJ'l^'^^^^^^^^^^ fuithlul in their service to their of their commander the ^'^f;';/ V^^Xortunity was offered them, whde many rS^offiStr;i;^::^^^^o;;;:Lr: distinguished then.se.ves by 10 lb APPENDIX. bravery and gallant deeds, being specially mentioned at the time. For gallant conduct at the battle of Browiistovvii, Lieutetumt Colonel Miller received the brevet of Colonel; Captains Snelliug, Baker, and Larrabee that of Major. The Michigan troops compared favorably with all the others and received noticeable commendation, while one of their Captains, Antoine Deqnindre, as late as 1845, was extended a vote of thanks by the Michigan Legislature for his gallantry at Monguagon, including his men and all the other Michigan troops. It appears from the evidence given on the trial of Hull by Captain Dalliba, who had charge of the ordnance, that the armament of the fort was well sup- plied, having abundance of ammunition and the following cannon, viz. : 9 24-pounders, 8 12-pounders, 5 9-pounders, — brass guns mounted on traveling carriages, — 3 6-pounders, 2 4-pounders, 1 3-pounder, — brass howitzers mounted on traveling carriages, — 1 Sg-inch, 1 5^-inch, 2 8|-iuch, and 3 6-inch on iron or truck wheel carriages in the block house at the upper end of the town. That there were 2, 5U0 stand of small arms in the whole, including rifles for the army. It also appears from the evidence of this otlicer that the fort was well constructed for defense, in good repair, and sufficiently armed. In the fort or immediate vicinity at the time of the surrender were the 4th XT. S. Infantry, Lieutenant Colonel James Miller commanding; detachments 1st and 3d U. S. Infantry; Captain Samuel T. Dyson's company U. S. Artil- lerists; Legionary Corps of four companies, composed of cavalry, infantry, riflemen, and artillery, in command of Major James Witherell; first regiment Michigan militia, commanded by Colonel Elijali Brush ; second Ohio regiment, in command of Colonel Findiay, and portions of the other two Ohio regiments, commanded by Captain Saudt-rson, Cass and McArthur being on their retuiu from the attempted expedition to Godfrey's trading post on the Raisin witli the other portions of these regiments. Colonel Anderson, with the second Michigan regiment, was still on the lower Raisin and vicinity. Complete records of the officers who were engaged in the defense of Detroit and the Territory are not to be found, especially relating to the Michigan troops, and the inference is from documents subsequently placed in the office of the Secretary of State, and now there, being a proclammation by William Wood- bridge, Secretary of the Territory under Cass, and Acting Governor at the time, setting forth that owing to the convulsions of the war very many of the records of the Territory had been lost or destroyed, it became necessary to recall all commissions, both civil and military, in order to ascertain who held official positions. This proclamation does not seem to have brought about the desired result, as only a very few military commissions seem to have been returned. On account of these defects it is not expected that all the officers who took part in the defense of the Territory can be named, but so far as they are of record they are given, and it is presumed that at least those who were most prominent and held commands are mentioned. REGULAR ARMY. Brigadier General William Hull, commanding; Captain A. F. Hull, Aid- de-Camp; Captain James Taylor, Acting Quartermaster General. Firat U. iS. Infantry. — Captains John Whistler and Daniel Baker; Lieu- tenant Dixon Stansbury, and Ensign Robert McCabe. APPENDIX. 1017 Third U. 8. /«/aw^rz/.— Lieutenant W. Butler (Adjutant McArthur's regi- ment). Fourth U. S. Infantry. — Lieutenant ColonelJames Miller ; Captains Josiah Snelling, Oliver H. Burton, Charles Larrabee, and Charles Fuller; Lieuten- ants John L. Eastman, George Goodiug, Lewis Peckham, John Baoon (Quar- termaster), and Aaron W. Furbush. Seventh U. 8. Infantry. — Lieutenant Thomas S. Jessup (Acting Brigade Major) and Ensign Samuel McCormick (Adjutant Findlay's regituent). U. S. Artillery. — Captain Samuel Dyson, Lieutenants James Dalliba (ord- nance oflBcer), Porter Hanks, and John Anderson, U. S. Army. — Captains Harris H. Hickman, Jared Mansfield (U. S. Engi- neers), Horatio Stark, John Whipple, Benjamin Forsyth (U. S. Riflemen), Lieutenant Asher Phillips and Sergeant Sylvester Day (U. S. Riflemen). OHIO TE00P8. First Regiment. — Colonel Duncan McArthur, commanding; Majors James Denny and William A. Trimble. Second Regiment. — Colonel James Fiudlay, commanding; Majors Thomas Moore and Thomas Van Home. Third Regiment. — Colonel Lewis Cass, commanding; Majors Robert Morri- iSon and Jeremiah K. Munson. Detachment of two Companies. — Captains Henry Brush and Thomas Rowland. MICHIGAN" TROOPS. George McDougall, Adjutant General Michigan Territory. Legionary Corps. — Four companies, composed of cavalry, infantry, riflemen, and artillery. Major James Wetherell, commanding. First Regiment Lifa}Ury.—Co\one\ Elijah Brush, commanding. Second Regiment Infantry. — Colonel John Anderson, commanding. Although the foregoing statement contains only the names of commanders of Micliigan troops, it is presumable that most of those oflticers commissioned and assigned to commands by Governor Hull in 1805 took an active put in the war, notwithstanding it has been found impossible to find any rec ri. On the day of the surrender and before his departure for Cana<]a, General Brock published a proclamation declaring that the Territory of Michigan had been ceded to the Arms of His Britannic Majesty, "without any otiier condi- tion than the protection of private property." Proctor succeeded Brock in command, and on the 21st of August, by proc- lamation, organized a civil government. Soon after the Indians began to pillage property and became very mischievous otherwise. On the 18th of January, 1813, the Adjutant General officially announced the exchange of Hull, McArthur, Cass, Findlay, Miller, and the remainder of the Detroit prisoners, thereby relieving them from disability to serve m the war. Judge James Y. Campbell, in his valuable work, "Outlines of the Political History of Michigan," from which has been derived most of the mformaiion contained in this brief notice of the war in Michigan Territory, says: "The immediate result of Hull's surrender was a general uprising all over the west, Kentucky and Ohio were especially active, and General llanison was by common consent put at the head of the forces, receiving a speeial commission from Kentucky. These troops were volunteers, not called out originally by the United States, but brought into the field by the enthusiasm 128 1018 APPENDIX. of the occasion. Harrison was also commissioned for the same purpose by the United States. The Indians were very soon scattered from the Wabash and driven northward. A campaign was planned for the recovery of Michigan and the capture of iVIalden, which was delayed by some untoward events and for a time prevented General Winchester, who. without orders, undertook to advance to the Raisin, and there met with a terrible calamity." The troops under Winchester, an old Revolutionary officer, were intelligent and brave, chiefly Kentuckians, composed of the foremost young men of the State, and had entered the service determin'ed to wipe out the disgrace of Hull's surrender and redeem the Michigan Territory from British rule and relieve the people from their terror of the merciless savage. Under orders from Winchester of January 17, 1813, Colonel William Lewis, with a force of between 600 and 700 officers and men, commenced a march toward the Raishi, reaching a point near what is now the city of Monroe on the 18th, where he was attacked by a force of British and Indians. He at once made a disposition of his army to engage the enemy. He assigned Lieu- tenant Colonel Allen to command the right wing, Major Graves the left, while Major Madison had the centre. He crossed the river on the ice. Graves and Madison attacking the enemy soon drove them from the village, while Allen encountered strong opposition on the right from a force with a howitzer in position, where the battle became very hot, but the enemy was finally driven, fighting obstinately. They were pursued into the heavy timber, when darkness put an end to the conflict. The loss of the Americans was 12 killed and 55 wounded, while that of the British was not published, and the Indians iiaving dragged from the field their dead, their loss was not ascertained. On the 21st Winchester had received a report that the Britisli and Indians would attack him that night or next morning and he was urged by Lieutenant Colonel Wells, in command of reguhirs, to be prepared; but it app.-ars that he disregarded both and left for the Maumee to hurry up reenforcements, which had started for the field, but did not reach there, having been turned back on hearing of the surrender. A complete surprise was accomplished by the British, for at daybreak on the 22d the camp was heavily fired with shot and canister, while at the same time it was vigorously assaulted with regulars and Indians. A small foice immediately under Lewis secured some cover in the heavy picket fences and held its own for some time. The regulars, not finding any cover and being exposed to a severe fire, were reenforced by Winchester and Lewis with about lUU men, when the enemy was held in check for some time; but a large body of Indians succeeding in turning their riglit flank, they were compelled to cross the river, wlien, though fighting bravely and desperately in detail, they could make no united defense. On this part of the field no quarter was given, the greatest portion of them being either killed or scalped. W^inchester and Lewis surrendered to Roundhead, an Indian, who Stripped them and took them to Proctor, Colonel Allen being among the killed. Graves and Madison being on another part of the field maintained their posi- tion against the small artillery of the enemy, picking off with their riflemen the British gunners on sight, while Proctor with his whole force had withdiawn beyond range, leaving the Americans with time for breakfast. Proctor, on the arrival of Winchester at his headquarters, intimated to him that he could not restrain his Indian allies, and Wincliester, forcibly impressed with the barbarities which he had already witnessed and received at tlieir APPENDIX. 101& hands, and at the same time underestimating the position and condition of the troops under Graves, consented to surrender, as he reported, on the under- standing that the protection of the prisoners and private property should be secured, and that the side arms of the officers should be returned to them on arrival at Maiden. Major Overton of Winchester's staff, accompanied by Proctor, was made the bearer of a white flag to the American camp. Knowing well the habits and propensities of the Indians, Graves and Madisou hesitated about submitting to surrender, and unless safety was fully secured declined to do so. Proctor a't^reed to this, promising to send sleds to convey the wounded to Maiden next mornin Preface, .... Introduction, ... Raisinsf and Organization of Troops, '. * ' 17 Nativities of Troops, • . . Calls of the President for Troops, '. " ' * 71 Governor Orapo's Welcome to Returning Troops, .' ' 73 Volunteer Surgeons, *. ' ' 75 Armv Vote „ Reception of Troops, ' • • • Presentation of Colors • • . Flags of filichigan, .... Soldiers' Homes, ... Roll of Honor, '. " ' ' i07 Soliliers and Sailors' Monument " ' ,qq Harper Hospital ... Military Museum, .... ... Financial Statements ' ,,„ Soldiers' Relief Association (Washington, D. 0.) ' .' .' i2'and75l Michigan Soldiers' Aid Society (Detroit) \ \ ' ^a-j Michigan Soldiers' Relief Association (Detroit), ' .' ' 127 Christian Commission (Michigan Branch) • . • Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Kalamazoo ' .' ' ' 130 National Cemeteries ' * ' ,ot Rebel Raid from Canada, . . , ., Capture of Wilkes Booth, '..*.'' 155 PART II. Preface ^^g Introduction ' iri First Infantry (three months) First Infantry (three years) *.'.'' * 174 Second Infantry, Third Infantry .*.'.*.'.*.'.' 2O6 Third Infantry (Re-organized) '.'.'.".'*' oig Fourth Infantry ^ ' Fourth Infantry (Re-organized), 231 Fifth Infantry '.'.'.*. Sixth Infantry (Heavy Artillery), *.*.'.'.**' 259 Seventh Infantry Eighth Infantry '.*.". 281 Ninth Infantry Tenth Infantry '.'.*.'.*.'.*. an) Eleventh Infantry ^ ' Eleventh Infantry (Re-organized) '.*.'..'.'.'.*'* 32* 1038 MICHIGAN IN THE WAB. Page. Twelfth Infantry 304 Thirteenth Infantry 33j Fourteenth Infantry 342 Fifteenth Infantry, 354 Sixteenth Infantry 359 Seventeenth Infantry ^ 374 Eighteenth Infantry, 3,^ Nineteenth Infantry, 392 Twentieth Infantry 397 Twenty-first Infantry 412 Twenty-second Infantry, 42i) Twenty-third Infantry ^29 Twenty-fourth Infantry 433 Twenty-fifth Infantry 45q Twenty-sixth Infantry, ^'2 Twenty-seventh Infantry. ^■JQ Twenty eighth Infantry, ^yy Twenty-ninth Infantry ^g2 Thirtieth Infantry ^^g First Colored (lOiil U. S.) Infantry \ 4^ Engineers and Mechanics, 494 First Light Artillery ' gpg Battery A, 509 Battery B 52i Battery * 524 Battery D 526 Battery E 503 Battery F, . . . / '.'.'. 529 Battery G, 532 Battery EI 534 Battery 1 53^5 Battery K 537 Battery L 53^ Battery M ' ' 540 Thirteenth Battery 54j Fourteenth Battery 5^1 First Sharp-Shooters 543 First Cavalry ' \ 553 . Fifth Cavalry, gg^ Sixth Cavalry 5g9 Seventh Cavalry 5^1 Michigan Cavalry Brigade 573^ Second Cavalry gj^ Third Cavalry, g^S Fourth Cavalry, g39 , Eighth Cavalry ggg Ninth Cavalry, 7Q5 Tenth Cavalry, 7lg Eleventh Cavalry 729 Miscellaneous Organizations, 740 Merrill Horse, 74q Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry, Company D, 742 Forty. second Illinois Infantry, Companies E, F, and H, 742 Forty-fourth Illinois Infantry, Companies B and H 742 Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry (Western Sharp-Shooters), Company D 742 First New York Cavalry, Company K \ _ 742 Seventeenth New York Infantry, Company O, 743 Forty-seventh Ohio Infantry, Company B 743 Jackson Guard (Detroit) ^' ' 743 Twenty-third Illinois Infantry, Company A ...*.*.. 743 First U. 3. Sharp-Shooters, Companies O, I, and K, *.*.*. 744 Second U. S. Sharp-Shooters, Company B, '.'.'.. 744 btanton Guard, ' 744 Lancer Regiment .'.'.'.'. 744 INDEX. 1039 ^._ J. „ Page. dhandler Horse Guard ^^^ Provost Guard, ' »■- Number of Michigan Men Serving In Regiraenta of other States, . . .' .' .' .* .' .' 745 Dates of Mu8ter-in and Muster-out of Michigan Troops, . . . .'.".*.*. *. '. '. 747 Recapitulation of Casualties by Death *.*.'.'.*'** 749 PART III. Introduction _.. _, ••••••••••#• 100 Register of Commissioned OflScers ^.g In the Army, Regular and Volunteer, '.'.'.*.'.'.'* 974 In the Navy, Regular and Volunteer '.'.'.'.*.* " ' ' 988 Met the Enemy, g. *="*'^ *..'.'.'.'.'.'.*.'.'.'; .' ; 1001 APPENDIX. The War of 1812-13, , , . , , The Black Hawk War .-..»,,,, 10 The Toledo War '.',*.*.'.',',',***' 1023 The Mexican War, * . .'.'.'.'.*.*.*,'.'.' * ' ' inoo ■%#" ■x^^^- \f<' A - _ ^ .V ^ «, •t. ■\ V \^ ■<^- -' .^'^ % - -^^''" -<- /' -■•■ "-^ V -A ^^' ..>^^' % X •.s^ •^, O 0' : ■^.. .t\^ :Ui .\0<^^. ^.c<^ '\^ .n:^'^ ^ ^s-c^ '^A * ^ N o ' ^\^^ ■A ^"-^^^^ 0...C ^>^ v^l ""\.-^^' so^ A^'^ V \ .^*, ■-> .** >^^> ■■'' "' '"- ' ' -*^ ^ O 0^ ^. v^ ^Mm>-, v-"^ -7', ,0o :C^ \^ ^^. ^ 'K- > ■•> ' ,0 C^- s-'^-'r,:-^." ■'-^\<^ a"^' ^_'' .#-. .^^ %■ ^ ' n S '■ ^' % ■% c.-^' \^ * '-^^ a\'' ., ,.. •^/. ■'"' '^9'^' i'^ ■^. .■^ ?0^ ■"^y. v^' A •^. v^ ^/ A^^ ■'^>- S 1 x" ^0 A^ '^o ... .. ... . ._ ,^^^ . V- vx'^