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Stranger's Guide
if
IN
Baltimore and its EoviroDS.
Sketches of Public Buildings, Monuments, Notable
Localities, Resorts, Suburban Drives, &c.
Showing Strangers where to Go and what to See.
The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, and Public
Buildings, Washington, &c.
BALTIMORE:
Published by John Murphy & Co.
182 Baltimore Street.
Baltimore News Company.
For Sale by all Booksellers, News Dealers, &e.
1876.
Price 25 cts. "With Map, 40 cts.
\^
BAY LINE.
BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY,
FOR
NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH AND OLD POIN I
The BAY LINE STEAMERS Leave DAILY, (EXCEPT SUSDA\
at 4 P. BI., from Foot of Union Dock.
E-ates Reduced.
TO OLD POINT AND NORFOLK.
And on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, special Low Bates offe c
Single Trip and Round Trip Tickets.
Special Round Trip Tickets sold at Reduced i?afe«, good each day • o*
either Steamer of the Line, by which passengers are not subjected to ela
and are afforded all the conveniences of the Daily Line.
COMPANY'S OFFICi:, 157 W. Baltimore str
Where Orders can be left for Baggage and Information is given.
E. BROWN, G. T. A. WM, M. LAWSON, .
Established 1835.
G. AV. WEBB & CO.
GoldS7nit?is a7id J^en^et^ '*rf
S. E. Cor. Baltimore and Light streets.
IMPORTERS AND DEALER? I.N
FINE WATCHES, RICH JEWELRY AND SILVER WARE.
Om Europeaifh Flan.
Fayette Street, near JSionuinent Squar( ,
BALTIMORE.
ROBERT RENNERT, Proprieto
Rooms l>y tlie I>a,y or ^V^eelc.
THE
Straii2^er's Guide
IN
Baltimore and its Environs.
Sketches of Public Buildings, Monuments, Notable
Localities, Resorts, Suburban Drives, &.c.
Showing Strangers where to Go and what to See.
The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, and Public
Buildings, Washington, &.c.
BALTIMORE:
Published by John Murphy & Co.
182 Baltimoue Street.
Baltimore News Company.
For Sale by all Bookse'lers, News Dealers, &c.
1876.
INTRODUCTION.
In the pages of this Guide Book the Tourist or Sojourner
is furnished with brief and accurate descriptions of the
City of Baltimore, its Harbor, Shipping, Public Buildings,
Historic Localities, Monuments, Libraries, Art Collections,
Parks and Environs. The book gives also descriptions of
all the Interesting Points within easy reach of the city,
which may be visited by Rail or Water and return the
same day, Showing Where to go and What to See. Among
these places may be mentioned, Philadelphia and the
Centennial Exposition; Washington City and the Public
Buildings, Grounds and Art Galleries; Georgetown, D. C,
and its charming heights; Alexandria, Va., and the Poto-
mac river; Mt. Vernon and the Tomb of Washington;
Annapolis, the United States Xaval Academy and the
Historical Chambers and Portraits of the State Capitol.
Besides these, Routes are given of the Chesapeake Bay to
Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, Old Point Comfort, the Eastern
Shore of Maryland, &c.
Many interesting Statistics are given showing the great
Progress of Baltimore within the past ten years, its Com-
mercial strides, Growth and Embellishment, all combining
to make it a great Metropolitan City, in the strict sense of
the word, a city of Wealth, Culture and Refinement.
With the view of embodying in the most compact form,
and giving all the necessary information at the lowest price
Pictorial Illustrations, so generally used in such publica-
tions, are purposely omitted, and in their place, accurate
descriptions and valuable details are supplied.
Enteued, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 187C, by
John Mcrpbt,
in tlio OfTice of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasliington.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Baltimore City 5
Commerce and Manufactures 8
Oyster and Fruit Trade 8
Shoe and Leather Trade 9
Pianos, &c 9
Bell Casting 10
Iron Manufactures 10
Railroad Tonnels 10
Baltimore & Potomac Tunnel 10
Union Tunnel 11
Railroad Depots 12
Terminal Facilities 12
Locust Point 12
Oil Yards 13
Canton 13
Historical Localities 14
Federal Hill 14
Fort McHenry 15
Fort Carroll 16
Quarantine IG
Prominent Buildings 16
City Hall 16
Safe Deposit Building 17
Shot Tower J8
Alexandrowski 18
Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation Building 19
Young Men's Catholic Asso-
ciation Rooms 19
Bay View Asylum 19
Monuments 20
Washington Monument 20
Battle Monument 20
Wells and McComas Monu-
ment 21
Odd Fellows' Memorial 21
Poe Monument 21
Public Parks 22
Druia Hill Park 22
Patterson Park 25
PAGE.
Water Works 26
Elevations above Tide 28
Cemeteries 28
Greenmount 28
Baltimore Cemetery i9
Mount Olivet Cemetery 29
Western Cemetery 20
Loudoun Park Cemetery 30
New Cathedral Cemetery 30
Suburban Drives 30
On the Eastward 30
On the Northeast 31
Gay street Extended 31
York Road 31
Charles street Avenue 32
On the Northwest 32
Falls Road 33
Highland Park 33
Educational Institutions 34
State Normal School Building 35
Maryland Institute 36
Peabody Institute 37
Baltimore City College 38
Schools of Medicine, &c 39
University of Maryland 39
Washington University 39
Law School of the University
of Maryland 39
Johns Hopkins University... 39
Johns Hoplvins Hospital 40
Johns Hopkins Colored Or-
phan Asylum 40
McDonough Foundations 40
Free Scuools 41
McKim Free School 41
Oliver Hibernian FreeSehool 41
Libraries and Galleries 42
Maryland Academy of Sci-
ence 43
Art Galleries 43
IV
COJ\'TEJ\^TS.
PAGE.
Churches 44
Theatres 45
brsixess and othek places.... 4g
Foreign Consuls 47
City Railways 48
SoDURBAN Railways 48
Expresses 48
Hotels 40
Banks 49
Telegraph 50
Foreign Steamers 51
Coastwise and Bay Steamers 51
Daily Newspapers 52
ITackney Coach Regulations 52
Distances from Baltimore.... 53
Baltimoke to Philadelphia... 54
Philadelphia, Wilmington &
Baltimore R. R. Distances. 54
Slemnier's Run 54
Middle River .54
Edge wood 54
Bush River 54
Havre de Grace 54
North East 55
Elkton 55
Newark 't:t
Wilmington 55
Chester 50
Ridley Park 5()
CeKTENNIAL EXHIBITIOX 50
Exhibition Buildings 57
"Annex"' 57
State Buildings 57
Foreign Countries Repre-
sented 57
Foreign Buildings 58
St. George's House 5S
First Foundation Stone 58
Restaurants 58
Miscellaneous Buildings 59
page.
IMemorial Monuments 59
Maryland State Building 59
What to See in Six Days 59
Baltimore to Annapolis 01
Annapolis 01
Executive Mansion 02
Baltimore to Blue Ridge
Mountains C3
Western Maryland Railroad.. 63
Emmitsburg C3
Blue Ridge 04
Baltimore to Washington 04
The Capitol 05
President's Mansion 00
Public Places in Washington 07
Corcoran Art Gallery 07
City Hall 08
Army Medical Mu?eum 08
Ordnance Museum OS
Congressional Conservatory. 08
Congressional Burial Ground 08
Navy Yard 08
Government Hospital for In-
sane 08
The Arsenal OS
Georgetown 09
Arlington 09
Soldiers' Home 58
Alexandria 09
Mount Vernon 00
Baltimore to Niagara Falls.. 09
York TO
Harrisburg 7(i
Williamsport 70
Watkins 70
Niagara Falls 70
Baltimore to Richmond 70
Baltimore to the West 71
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 71
Pennsylvania Railroad 71
The Stranger's Guide in Baltimore.
Baltimore City.
The City of Baltimore was first laid out in
1730, on a tract of sixty acres of land, and in 1796,
was incorporated as a town. Within the present boun-
daries are 12J square miles of land and 2 of water.
From east to west the boundaries are five miles apart,
and from north to south four miles. Baltimore street,
the chief thoroughfare, running east and west, is a little
over four miles long, and is the dividing line for num-
bering houses on streets running north and south, while
Jones' Falls, a small stream in the centre of the city,
is the dividing line for numbering the houses east and
west. The elevations are to 250 leet above the sea
level; mean annual temperature 55°; annual rainfall
44.48, and situation 39° 17' N. latitude 76° 37' longi-
tude W.
Baltimore, though not the capital of Maryland, is the
chief city of the State, and the largest emporium of the
south. It is by reason of its geographical situation, on
the Atlantic coast near the Chesapeake bay, as well as
by its railroad connections with the great west and the
south, the entreport of a large portion of the richest pro
ducing territory of the union, and the most convenient
point of export for grain, flour, petroleum, cotton, tobacco
and other great staples of the interior.
2 5
6 THE STRJJYGEWS GUIDE
The striking characteristics of the city are its bright-
ness, clearness of sky, blue water, active harbor, com-
mercial rather than mechanical pursuits, numerous
churches and homelike and hospitable traits of its peo-
ple. An aspect of cheerful elegance pervades the city,
which is particularly noticed by strangers. There is
an absence of crowded tenements, a great number of
small dwellings, where each family may have a sepa-
rate home. Since 1865 upwards of 15,000 houses have
been built, extending mostly over the north-western
boundary and closing around Druid Hill Parlr, and
crowning some of the highest elevations, 190 to 220
feet above tide water. Horse railways and street cars
connect the city and its suburbs, and afford rapid and
convenient modes of reaching any and every desired
point.
The brightness of Baltimore is especially a character-
istic of the north-western section, covering several square
miles, built for the most part since 1SG5. In this region,
the tall spires of numerous white marble churches tower
above the lines of bright red brick dwellings. Public
squares, provided with walks and seats, shade trees,
grass plots, and springs of limpid water, are plentifully
scattered throughout the city. Several of these squares
are without enclosure, and it is an indication of the
order and decorum of the inhabitants that flowers grow
unmolested in the open air, and add their fragrance
and beauty to the other attractions of the city's public
resorts.
Among the more attractive of these green spots in the
northwest, may be mentioned Lafayette and Harlegi
Squares; in the west, Franklin and Union Squares; in
the northeast, Madison Square. For South Baltimore
IJV BALTIMORE. 7
Riverside Park, is this year being laid off and improved.
Broadway in tiie east, and Eutaw Place northwest, are
broad and beautiful avenues, parked in the centre with
grass and adorned with flower-beds, vases with trailing
vines, and growing plants.
One arm of the Patapsco river stretches far into
the business centre, affording highly prized commercial
facilities, and an inner harbor known as the '"Basin,"
for passenger steamboats and coastwise and bay craft in
great numbers. The channels leading to the harbor are
kept at a depth of 25 feet and 200 to 300 feet wide. The
deep water of the harbor, where the larger foreign and
other vessels lie, is at Fells' Point and Canton on the
north side, and Locust Point on the south side, above
Fort McHenry. The entrance to the harbor, between
Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto Lighthouse Point is
narrow, but inside the river widens beautifully, and in
the busy seasons presents a scene of great activity.
The Population, by municipal census in 1873, the
latest taken, was 302,893, of which the female excess
was 15,723. It is estimated that 50,000 of the inhabitants
a'-e of German origin. Besides the city proper, there are
numerous suburban villages and hamlets, the outgrowth
of overflowing population, not enumerated in the census
of Baltimore. If the surrounding belt of country and
these villages were annexed as contemplated, the num-
ber of inhabitants would be carried up to about 400,000,
and give the city an area of nearly sixty square miles.
8 THE STR^JYGEWS G UIDE
Commerce and Manufactures.
The value of exports and imports for the last three
years were as follows:
Exports, 1875, $27,135,038 Imports, 1875, $29,799,821
" 1874, 27,524,835 " 1874, 26,578,554
" 1873, 22,387,812 " 1873, 31,319,033
The Petroleum exports were: 1875, 24,828,124 galls.;
1874, 8,381,903 galls.; 1873, 3,470,995 galls.
The value of Coffee imports was, in 1875, $13,730,020'; in
1874, $9,164,007; in 1873, $10,375,413.
The total Grain receipts in 1875 were 15,028,854 bushels;
in 1874, 17,086,645. bushels.
Flour receipts, 1875, 1,391,813 bbls.; in 1374, 1,500,997.
Maryland and Ohio Tobacco shipments were, in 1875,
34,366 hhds.; 1874, 51,248 hhds.; 1873, 51,652 hhds.
The total Tobacco inspections in the three years were :
1875, 40,436 hhds.; in 1874, 57.955 hhds.'; and in 1873,
65,067 hhds.
The Oyster and Frit it Trade. Among lead-
ing industries, the Oyster trade occupies an important
place. On Fells Point, and in South Baltimore, whole
streets are occupied with Oyster and Fruit Packing estab-
lishments. Eight hundred or a thousand schooners arc
engaged seven months in a year in the oyster trade, and
a large fleet of bay craft, to say nothing of steamers, is
employed in bringing fruit and vegetables to the pack-
ing houses. In summei* oysters packed in ice are shipped
West, North and South. The oyster fleet, between sea-
sons engages in other trafiic especially with the West
Indies, from which pine apples and other tropical fruits
are brought to market and lor packing. There arc one
LY BALTIMORE.
9
hundred oyster and fruit packing firms in Baltimore,
some of which have establishments at convenient locali-
ties on tlie bay or in the fruit growing region of the
Eastern Shore. In connection with the packing busi-
ness, the manufacture of tin cans is a great industry of
itself. The capital employed in the different branches
of the trade aggregates many millions of dollars.
TJie Shoe and Leather Trade of Baltimore is
another of its largest industries. In 1870 the sale of
Eastern and Baltimore manufactured shoes amounted to
$11,000,000. In 1874 the sales were $17,000,000. There
are thirty laVge shoe factories in the city, using improved
machinery and employing 4,500 operatives. There are
thirty jobbing, commission and auction houses, and the
leather dealers and tanners produce the best sole leather
made anywhere, as evidenced by the Vienna award to a
Baltimore house engaged in this manufacture.
The statistics of the shoe and leather trade for 1874
show the followins: figures :
Sales of boots and shoes, wholesale and retail,
Manufacturers,
Eubber boots and shoes,
Auction sales,
Sales of leather,
Sales of hides,
Kip and calfskins and upper leather,
Goat skins and morocco,
Sheep skins, . . . . .
Total boots, shoes and leather,
$ 8,000,000
7,000,000
1,900,000
750,000
4,000,000
1,375,000
450,000
250,000
150,000
$22,975,000
J*ianoSf <£t. In the manufacture of Pianos, several
thousand workmen are employed. Upwards of 2,500
2#
10 THE STRdA^GEWS GUIDE
pianos are turned out every year from the workshops.
Several Organ lactories have given celebrity to Baltimore
made church organs.
Bell Casting is one of the best known industries.
The specimens of bells sent from Baltimore foundries,
to all parts of the country, speak for themselves.
Iron 31amifactures. Ship building, Iron Bridge,
Architectural Iron Work, extensive Railroad Foundries
and Car shops at Mt. Clare and other localties owned by
the Baltimore and Ohio and Northern Central Railway;
Brick Making, Tobacco Manvfacturc, and many other
industries too numerous to mention, are all tending by
the multitude and value of iheir productions to give im-
portance to the city as a manufacturing centre.
Railroad Tunnels.
By the expenditure of nearly five millions of dollars
a system of underground communication has been con-
structed, by which all the railroads, other than the Bal-
timore and Ohio, are connected and brought to tide-water
at Canton. This system comprises the Baltimore and
Potomac and the Union Railroad Tunnels on the north
side of the city.
TJte HaJt'unove fnnl I*ofomac Tunucl is, with
the exception of the Hoosac Tunnel, the largest on this
side of the Atlantic. It was begun in 1871 and finished
ill 1873. The arch is built of five rings of brick, backed
up with rubble masonry, and is 22 feet in height by 27
feet in width. The cost of the work was $2,300,000;
length of tunnel G,9G9 feet. The western entrance is at
Gilmor street, and the tunnel extends throughout the
city in a northeasterly direction, passing under the beds
Ij\ BALTIMORE. 11
of twenty-nine* streets until it emerges at North avenue,
the northern boundary of the city, close to the line of
the Northern Central Railway. Of this distance, 1,057
feet were worked entirely under ground at a depth of
from 50 to 25 feet.
The Union Tunnel extends from Greenmount
avenue on the west under thirteen streets. It is also
built of brick, 3,410 feet in length, and otherwise of
nearly the same dimensions as the Potomac Tunnel, of
which it is practically a continuation. Both works were
prosecuted simultaneously, forming the links to tide-
water by double tracks through the tunnels and some
open cuts. The Union Railroad, on emerging from the
eastern portal, passes over two avenues on iron bridges,
and then curves to the south to Canton. At a distance
of three and a half miles from Greenmount avenue, the
Union road makes a junction at Bay View Station with
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore line.
The roads using the tunnels are the Western Mary-
land, Baltimore and Potomac, Northern Central, and
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore. Through
trains from New York to Washington switch off from
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore to the
Union Railroad, passing through the Union tunnel and
over the tracks of the Northern Central ; thence through
the Baltimore and Potomac tunnel and over that railroad
to Washington without change of cars.
New York passengers to Washington via Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad are brought into the President Street
Depot, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington &. Baltimore
Railroad and the cars are drawn through Pratt street by
horses to Camden Depot, proceeding via Washington
Branch to Washington.
1 2 THE S TRJA'GER'S G UIDE
The Bailroad Depots on ihe north side of the
city are Calvert Station; Union Depot, Charles Street;
and Pennsylvania Avenue Station. Tlie connections
nordi and south are with the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The Western Maryland Railroad which enjoys Tide
Water and Tunnel facilities in common with other
north side roads, has its depot, a newly constructed
hrick building, at the corner of Hillen and Exeier
streets.
Terminal Facilities.
Locust Point is conspicuous as the terminal tide ■
water outlet for grain, coal, iron and other freights of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, as well as the site of
the European Steamship piers. Federal Hill, at the
junction with the main land, and Fort McHenry, at the
extremity of the point, are old landmarks. Between
these two, especially on the water IVonl opposite the city,
are located a great number of coal piers, by means of which
the cars are emptied directly into vessels for shipment
of Maryland and West Virginia bituminous coal; sec-
ond, two immense Elevators, which receive the grain
from the railroad, and deliver to vessels of the largest
size at the elevator wharves ; third, European steam-
ship piers, active with freight all the year round, and
especially busy during the summer, when the tide of
tourist travel is at its height. This Point and the piers
are reached by the ferry at the foot of Broadway and
Thames street.
The elevators handle annually an immense quantity
of grain brought from the West. Elevator A, has the
capacity of nearly 000,000 bushels. The building, SO
by 150 feet, is built on 4,400 piles.
LY BALTIMORE. 13
Elevator B, a few hundred feet to the east, rests upon
1 1,750 piles. The foundation is granite laid in cement.
The building is 97 by 324 feet, and 169 feet high, capa-
city is 1,500,000 bushels. It is said to be impossible to
discharge car loads into the elevators faster than the grain
can be carried to the bins, and the only delay in loading
vessels is occasioned by the necessity of stopping at in-
tervals to properly distribute the cargo.
A railroad ferry is located between the two elevators
by which trains of loaded cars are conveyed across the
water to th*' Canton side, on immense barges to connect
Tvith the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail-
road. During busy seasons 250 cars are transferred a
day at this point.
What with present and contemplated building, the
whole peninsula constitutes the scene of the most active
and energetic business progress of Baltimore, and if is
thought will soon root out Fort McHenry as a military
depot, and replace its barracks and arsenals with the
warehouse and granaries of commerce.
Oil Yards. On the other side of the peninsula,
fronting on the Middle branch of the Patapsco, are estab-
lished oil yards and depots doing an immense business.
The cars bring the oil from Pennsylvania and West
Virginia directly to the water's edge, where there is
a fleet of foreign vessels ready to receive cargoes. The
oil yards are quite as Avell worth a visit as the steamship
piers and grain elevators.
Canton, a thriving manufacturing and commercial
town of itself, forms the eastern extremity of Baltimore
opposite Fort McHenry.
The Canton Company here owns 2,800 acres of land,
comprising 18,000 building lots. Streets are laid out
1 4 THE S TR.iA'GER'S G UIDE
and paved. The water frontage is about 20,000 feet,
on water ranging from fifteen to twenty-five feet deep.
Upwards of sixty manufactories are congregated within
the area of Canton, employing about 8,000 hands.
These i'actories include Oyster and Fruit Packing
Houses, Stove and Hollow Ware Foundries, Copper
Works, Rolling Mill, Chemical and Fertilizing Fac-
tories, eight Coal Oil Refineries, Copper Smelting Fur-
naces, Car Wheel, Agricultural Implement, White Lead
and other factories ; Lager Beer Breweries and Distil-
leries,
The Copper Works are very extensive and promise
in time to rank among the leading industries of Balti-
more. The Canton Elevator, and terminal facilities of
the Union Railroad, are also conspicuous features.
An extensive coal pier, large wharves, warehouses,
furnish terminal facilities to meet existing requirements,
with prospective extensions in several directions. One
of the great features of Canton is the extensive rolling
mill which turns out immense quantities of steel and
iron rails: In busy seasons very many of the largest
vessels lie at the wharves of Canton.
Historical Localities.
Federal ILill, From this notable point a good
view of Baltimore is commanded. It is also the site of
the Marine Observatory, from which marine arrivals are
siirnalled. Federal Hill is so called from having been the
point in 1788 that the news of the adoption of the Fed-
eral Constitution by the Virginia Convention was pro-
claimed by artillery. This hill will be converted into a
public park, for which purpose it has been purchased by
the city at a cost of $04^000.
IJV BALTIMORE. 15
Fort 3[cITenvij possesses national historic interest
as thesceneof the bombardment in 1814when theBritish
land and naval forces were repulsed in their attack on
Baltimore. It was during this bombardment that Francis
S. Key, a prisoner on a British vessel off the fort, wrote
the Star Spangled Banner which was published and
sung publicly in Baltimore a few days afterwards, and
soon became the national air. Fort McHenry, origi-
nally a brick fort, has in later years been greatly im-
proved and strengthened by earthworks. It is now pro-
vided with extensive modern barracks, heavy guns,
and garrisoned by several companies of artillery. The
grounds are large and handsome. Every Sunday eve-
ning in warm weather the band plays and the public is
admitted to the open air concerts. The fort is reached
by the Ferry at the foot of Broadway, and is half a
mile from the Ferry landing on the Locust Point side.
One historical incident may be not out of place in con-
nection with historical places this centennial year. In
December, 1776, on the approach of the royal troops
toward the Delaware, the Continental Congress ad-
journed from Philadelphia to Baltimore. The Congress
met in Baltimore Dec. 20ih, 1776. They met and con-
tinued in session in a spacious three-story and attic brick
building which stood until a few years since on the
south side of Baltimore street, from Sharp to Liberty
street, now covered with extensive business establish-
ments. The house belonged to Jacob Fite, and was at
the time the farthest house west in the town and one ol
the largest; while Washington was achieving the vic-
tory at Trenton, Congress was sitting in Baltimore and
taking measures to strengthen his hands. It was here
that Gen. Gates came to confer w ith Congress, and on
16 THE STRAA'-GEWS GUIDE
the 27ih of December, 1776, before the Congress in Bal-
timore could have learned of the victory at Trenton,
Gen. Washington was vested by an act passed in this
city with supreiiie power for raising troops, munitions
and subsistence stores, &,c , in all respects constituting
hitn a dictator in the old Roman sense of the term. It
was in Maryland, too, in the Senate Chamber at An-
napolis, that after achieving the Independence of his
country, he resigned his commission and laid down the
supreme power conferred upon him at Baltimore.
F'ort CarroUf an unfinished granite work rising
from the middle of the Patapsco about 6 miles below the
city, is a fortification on the plan of Fort Sumter,
Charleston Harbor, S. C, and of a class of milhary
structures practically useless against modern ordnance.
Work on Fort Carroll has been abandoned some years.
Visitors are not permitted to land and the work is in
charge of a Sergeant with a light keeper lor the light-
house. A number of heavy guns are in the casemates.
(JiKtrantuie Grounds and the Marine Hospital are
located on the south side below Fort McHenry. Visit-
ing not allowed.
Prominent Buildings.
The City Hall of Baltutiore, recently erected,
is a marble palace in the Renaissance style ot archi-
tecture, centrally located, covering a block of ground,
bounded by Fayette, North, Lexington and HoUiday
streets, on each of which there are entrances, the main
one being on Holliday street, facing the east. The area
of the block within the building line is 35,000 square
feet. The total cost of the pile including ground and
IJV BALTIMORE. 17
furniture was $2,27 J, 1 35. It is a matter of pride among
Baltimoreans, that out of an appropriation of $2,500,000
to construct the City Hall, $228,865 was surplus. Seven
years were occupied in the construction ot the building,
and its dedication, October 25th, 1875 was among the
last official acts ot" ttie Mayoralty of Hon. Joshua Van-
sant, chairman of the Building Committee.
The structure is four stories high, French roof with
iron dome reaching 260 feet from the ground. A bal-
cony 250 feet from the street affords a magnificent view
of the city. Visitors are permitted to ascend to this
balcony only on Mondays, from 10 A. M. to 3 P. M.
A clock with four dials and a bell weighing 6,000 lbs.
are in the dome which is 170 feet in circumference.
All the departments of the city government are gath-
ered in the building, including the Mayor's office. City
Council chambers and a large public Hall for State
occasions. ,
The first, or ground floor is occupied by the City
Commissioner, Inspector of Public Buildings, Fire
Commissioners, Health Department, Water Depart-
ment, Police Marshall, City Detectives.
On the second, or principal floor are the Mayor's
Offices, City Register, Comptroller, Collector, Appeal
Tax Court, School Board, Street Commissioners and
Park Commissioners.
The third floor is occupied by the Chambers of both
Branches of the City Council; the grand Public Hall,
City Library, Law Offices, Water Board, City Surveyors
and Engineers.
TJte Baltimore Safe Deposit Conipmiifs
Building on South street, is considered one of the
very lew absolutely fire and burglar proof structures in
3
18 THE STR^JYGEWS GUIDE
the country. Below ground it is a building within a
building, and the foundations are laid below the tide water
level so as to impede mining by burglars, with a flow of
Avater. The outer Avails are from three to seven feet in
thickness, and the interior walls of t^e treasure and trunk
vaults seven to nine feet thick. The front of the building,
combining an appearance of Egyptian strength with
Roman solidity of construction and modern grace, stamps
the structure with individuality. The material is
wholly of bricks, except some stone trimming of the
I'ront, and the walls are made so strong as to remain
unshaken by surrounding piles i'alling on them, or any
other assaults than from heavy ordnance.
The safe cost $78,000, and it is as strong as an iron
Monitor, of massive and ornamental front thirty by
iwenty-tive feet, and nine feet high in the clear inside,
with capacity for 5,000 boxes of depositors. The mate-
rial is chilled iron and steel that will resist the drill, and
the weight is estimated at 500 tons.
The Shot Towei', at the corner of Front and
Fayette streets has stood nearly fifty years a monument
to the skill of Baltimore brick layers. The foundation
stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1828, by Charles
Carroll of CarroUton, who, the same day laid the foun-
dation stone of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The
walls were built from scaffolding on the inside, and are
six feet thick at the base and two feet thick at the top.
From the pavement, the structure rises 21 G feet; its cir-
cumference at the base is ISO feet and 51 feet at the top.
Alexaiid^'OWsJkif the city residence of Mr. Thos.
Winans, surrounded by a wall and located on Balti-
more, Fremont and Hollins streets, is one of the notable
private city residences with ornamental grounds. Ad-
IJ\^ BALTIMORE. 19
joining the mansion is a Music hall, in which Mr,
Winans has built a large organ on new principles. A
tall chimney, towering above everything in the grounds,
is part of a system of ventilation, in which valuable
and practical results have been reached. The " Cigar
Steamer,'' with which Mr. Winans' name has long been
associated, lies at the wharf of his shipyard. Ferry Bar,
South Baltimore, wh-ere the Patapsco Navy Regatta
Clubs have their boat houses. The locality is reached
by the South Baltimore Blue cars.
T7ie Young Men's Christian Association
Building, N. W. corner Chartes and Saratoga streets, is
one of the most prominent buildings erected within the
past few years. It is of brick, with Ohio sandstone
trimmings, and is a lofty, commodious structure. The
halls, reading, recreation and business rooms are on
magnificent scale, and calculated to rank the structure,
Avhen finished, with any similar building in any other
of the larger cities. The Association has branches in all
the large towns of the State.
The Young 3Ien's Catholic Association
have their rooms and Library at the S. E. corner of
Charles and Lexington streets. They are taking steps
for the erection of a fine building for their purposes.
Sayview Asgluni — the almshouse — is a very note-
Avorthy building. It is appropriately named on account
of its magnificent situation and the charming view of the
Chesapeake Bay to be had from its site. The situation
is indeed most conspicuous, for it is the first object seen
in approaching the harbor, and is in sight from every
other point of observation in and around the city. It is
a large brick pile with a dome rising from the central
building, and is the home of about 650 paupers.
20 THE STR.i.yGEWS GUIDE
Monuments.
The If'ffsJthif/fon Monunienf, Baltimore hns
merited the title of " the Monumental City," chiefly by
its simple and beaulirul doric column to the "Father
of his Country," which, when built between the years
1815 and JS30, stood alone a towering shaft in the
midst of a noble wood, on land formerly belonging to
the country seat of General John Eager Howard, and
known as Howard's Park. Now the monument is
in the centre of Mt. Vernon Place, one of the most
beautiful localities in any city of America. The Wash-
ington Monument was "erected to George Washington
by the State of Maryland." It is surmounted by a statue
of Washington, 16 feet high, and the whole stands 212
feet from the ground, and 280 feet above tide water.
From the top, to which visitors are permitted to ascend,
a beautiful view of the city may be had
From the four sides of the square base of the column,
grass plats radiate north, south, east and west, in the
centre of Monument and Charles streets, from the inter-
section of which the shaft rises beautifully. Mt. Vernon
Place is a collection of magnificent dwellings, and the
architectural effect of the surroundings is striking. Few
American or European cities can boast of a more beauli-
i'ul locality.
Bdttle Monifiiienf^ erected by the city to the
memory of the citizens who fell in defense of Baltimore
in the war with Great Britain. It is in the centre of
the city, at the head of what is known as Monument
Square, (Calvert street,) in which town meetings are
held. The Couit House and several large hotels are in
the immediate vicinity and a hack stand is conveniently
IJY BALTIMORE. 21
near. The structure is 52 feet high and is of heautilul de-
sign, intended to be allegorical. The shaft surmounting
the monumental structure is in the form of fasces to repre-
sent strength and union. Lachrymal urns indicate the
purpose of the monument, and the names of those who
lost their lives are inscribed oa the entablature. The
whole is crowned by a female figure representing the
City of Baltimore, having a wreath of laurel in one
hand uplifted.
Wells and 3IcCoinas Monument, Another
monument commemorative of an incident of the repulse
of the British at North Point in the land attack, Sep-
tember 12lh, 1814, is located at Ashland Square,
formed by the intersection of Monument, Aisquith,
and Gay streets. This tribute is to the memory of
two youths. Wells and McComas who are said to have
killed the British General Ross leading the attack.
Their bones were exhumed and deposited in the Square
in 1858. In 1871 the monument was erected. It is a
simple marble obelisk on a square die block and pedestal,
the whole about 30 feet high.
Odd Felloivs^ Memorial. On Broadway, in
tiie eastern section of the city, a monument stands,
erected by the Odd Fellows to Thomas Wildey, a native
of England who introduced the order into the United
States and is regarded as the founder in this country.
He established the first lodge in Baltimore in 1819. The
monument was erected in 1865, a few years after his
death. It is a Grecian Doric column rising from a
singular pedestal, the whole 52 feet high. The figure
of a woman and children surmount the column.
The Poe 3Ionnmenf. The last and the least of
the monuments of the city, is that erected in 1875 by
22 THE STRAJYGER'S GUIDE
the Public Schools of Baltimore, to Edgar Allan Poe,
the poet whose remains are buried in the Westminster
Presbyterian Church yard, corner of Greene and Fayette
streets. The monument is simply a pedestal or die
block', with an ornamental cap, wholly of marble, resting
on two marble slabs and a granite base. A medallion
portrait of the poet by the sculptor Volck is chiselled on
the front of the die block, and the inscription is simply
*' Edgar Allan Poe; born Jan'y 20, 1S19; died Oct. V, Ls-l'J."
Public Parks.
Druid Hill Pcirk. The Parks of Baltnnore, as
well as the Public Squares, are noted for their quiet
beauty. Druid Hill Park, about two and a half miles
from the centre of the city, is a Park in the true sense
of the word, having herds of Deer ranging its thick
green woods, and flocks of Sheep feeding on grassy hill-
sides, adding pastoral beauty to the broad meadows. No
one who will ride through the beautiful drives of Druid
Hill Park, or stroll through its sunny lawns or quiet dells
or climb its wooded hills, or rest in theshadv spots where
Springs murmur, can fail to be impressed or delighted
with the beauty nature has lavished on the spot. Art
is not needed for embellishment. The few structures
required are generally well placed and harmonize with
the natural surroundings.
The main approach from Madison avenue is a broad
way through a Stone Gateway. Beyond the entrance
is Swann Avenue, flanked with large Urns on Pedestals,
from which, in summer lime, trailing vines hang and
a variety of flowers grow. To the right is a Drive fifty
feet wide and a mile and a lialf in length around
IJV BALTIMORE. 23
Druid Lake, belonging to the City Water Works.
From a white Moorish Tower at the southeast cor-
ner of this lake, there is a beautiful Bay view over-
looking the city, and immediately below, at the base of
the hill is Mount Royal avenue, another main approach
from the city. Mount Royal Reservoir, close at hand,
sends forth a feathery plume from its fountain, while a
Jet near the western end of Druid Lake sends up a
stream 90 to 100 feet high through a five-inch nozzle,
forming, when playing, one of the grandest fountains
to be seen anywhere;
Passing from the northern extremity of Swann avenue
through the shady walks of a delightful stretch of woods
to the Grand Promenade, which embellishes a Central
portion of the Park, a splendid Landscape opens to the
view. On both sides of the promenade is a grassy
demesne, dotted with trees and merging here and there
into woodland, while at the end of the promenade stands
a Turkish Kiosk, encircled by statues half hidden in
shrubbery, and planted boldly against a back ground of
forest and hill scenery.
Towards the centre of the grounds is the " Mansion
House," open in the summer for Refreshments. A
broad piazza runs all around the house, affording seats
for rest and observation. The cupola permits a glimpse
of the bay. Fountains play in front, a.id a short distance
beyond is a Lake, sometimes crowded with merry parties
of rowers, and in winter with skaters.
In the rear of the Mansion is a beautiful walk
through a long valley, in which is a Pavilion containing
the nucleus of a Zoological Collection. Garrett's bridge
is in one of the most picturesque spots in the Park.
Near it is the Fish Hatching House, where Food
24 THE STRAA'GEIVS GUIDE
Fishes in all the stages of Hatching are exposed for
Public Instruction.
In the north-western part of the Park, is the High
Service Reservoir for supplying tlie highest city eleva-
tions with water, pumped irom the Pump House near
Druid Lake through underground mains into tiie recep-
tacle and thence distributed.
One of the most interesting spots in Druid Hill is the
locality known as Tempest Hill, overlooking the valley
of Jones' Falls and the Manufacturing; villa£:e of Wood-
berry, where Poole &, Hunt have their Extensive Ma-
chine Shops, and Cotton Duck and other Cotton Mills
give employment to several thousand operatives. Wood-
berry contains a thrifty population and is a collection
of neat cottages and industrious inhabitants. North of
this portion of the Park is spread out before the observer
a rich and beautiful rolling country under cultivation.
Seats are provided in all the choice spots of the
Park, where the weary may rest or where the eyes of
observers may delight to dwell on views and objects of
interest. The numerous springs have ornamental struc-
tures and statuary, generally contributed by liberal and
public spirited citizens. In some of the Glades, oaks
15 feet in circumference shade the choicest resting
places, and the woods generally are of fine old trees
that would ennoble any park.
Druid Hill contains with additions 700 acres. Origi-
nally it was 475 acres, costing in 1858, $1,000 an acre.
The frontage on the cast side is an unbroken line along
the Northern Central Railway and the valley of Jones'
Falls is a mile and a quarter.
Druid Hill Park is reached from the city by Madison
avenue and Pennsylvania avenue street cars. Citizen's
LY BALTIMORE. 25
Line cars, Northern Central Railway Steam cars, from
Calvert Depot in the cit}' to Woodberry Station, and
Reisterstown road Horse cars. At Mt, Royal avenue
and Madison avenue entrances. Park carriages convey
visitors through the different drives and to all the points
of interest. Horse cars from Boundary avenue, near the
city street car termini, also carry passengers to the Park
station near the Mansion.
JPaftersou ParJc, in the eastern section of the city,
contains some fifty-one acres of Land. It is a great
popular resort, and in respect to the fine v\ew it affords
of the Harbor, River and Bay, is one of the most attrac-
tive spots in the city. The Water view is its distin-
guishing charm. Here one may sit all the long summer
afternoon under shade, and see the vessels come in and
go out between the Lazaretto Light House and Fort
McHenry at the Harbor's entrance, and beyond eight
miles down Fort Carroll in the centre of the river, and
still further beyond North Point Light House and the
Bay, dotted with sails.
Strictly speaking the ground is not a Park. The
trees are few and generally small, affording but little
shade, except from a few Catalpas. Judicious Garden-
ing and engineering, however, have given the spot
distinctive characteristics, and the work of improvement
is continuous. On summer afternoons thousands of chil-
dren play on the green grass and the lawns are covered
with croquet parties. There is a Boating Lake; a Con-
servatory newly erected after an ornamental design.
Swings and Dancing Pavilion, and a beautiful Mall.
Seats are provided in great numbers, but scarcely suffi-
cient at all times to meet the wants of the crowds of
people who visit the Park. A Playing Fountain, the
26 THE STRA.XGER'S GUIDE
Basin of which is filled with Gold Fish, stands opposite
the main entrance. The Citizens Line of sti cet cars pass
the sfreat srate.
&'
Water Works.
Until the Spring of 1874, the source of the water
supply of Baltimore city was Jones' Falls and a few
small tributaries, gathered at Lake Roland, and thence
conveyed to storage reservoirs and distributed. The
capacity of Jones' Falls in dry seasons is 15,000,000
galions daily. This came to be much below the needs
of the city, and a temporary supply equal to 10,000,000
gallons daily was obtained by a pump at Meredith's
Ford on the Gunpowder river, and increasing the flow
of Roland Run to Lake Roland.
Now a permanent supply from the Gunpowder is
added to the system of water works. A dam will be
erected on the Gunpowder river a short distance above
Mine Bank Run, and a lake thus formed will extend up
the river as far as Meredith's Ford Bridge, at the Dula-
ney's Valley turnpike, where the pump house, connected
with the " Temporary Supply " is located. From this
lake, at the dam, the water will be brought by natural
flow through a straight conduit of 12 feet internal diam-
eter, and having a capacity of 170,000,000 gallons per
day, to the main distributing Lake or reservoir This
Lake, or reservoir, is located back of Montebello, between
the Hillen and Harford roads, in a natural basin formed
by one of the tributaries of Herring Run. Its waier
area will be about 80 acres and the surface elevation will
be ICO feet above mean tide; its storage capacity,
700,000,000 gallons. The conduit will be continued of
the same size from Lake Montebello, to a point on the
iJV BALTIMORE. 27
Harford road opposite Homestead, whence pipes will be
laid to connect with the City pipe system at North
Boundary avenue and Washington street.
At present water is brought Irom Lake Roland four
miles by a brick aqueduct underground, along the Falls
road to Hampden Reservoir; thence by two large males
through the Stop House into Druid Lake. A third
main from Hampden passes through the Pump House,
Druid Hill Park, into Druid Lake and is tapped for the
High Service Reservoir in the Park.
Druid Lake is the great distributing body of water.
Mt. Royal, connected with Druid Lake by Mt. Royal
avenue, is 16 feet lower than Druid Lake, and is the
distributing reservoir for the lower section of the City.
Hampden Reservoir is simply the feeder for Druid Lake,
but can be made a supply reservoir. The High Service
Reservoir in Druid Hill Park is 350 feet above tide and
distributes three millions of gallons daily to the highest
elevations.
Druid Lake is one mile and a half around ; the em-
bankment is 60 feet thick at the top and 600 feet at the
base ; the greatest depth of water is 65 feet and from
that to 20 feet.
The storage capacity of reservoirs, &c., in present use is
as follows: Lake Roland, 300,000,000 gallons ; Hamp-
den, 46,000,000; Conduit, 6,000,000; Druid Lake,
520,000,000; Mt. Royal, 30,000,000; High Service
Reservoir, 27,000,000; Total, 938,000,000 gallons.
Utilizing Druid Hill Park with a part of the system of
water works adds interesting features to the otherwise
charming locality. Lakes Roland and Montebello can
be reached in an afternoon's drive, and their situations in
delightful and picturesque neighborhoods will well repay
visitation.
THE STIUAVER'S GUIDE
Elevations Above Tide.
Localities. Feet.
Patterson Park, . . . 125
Maryland Institute, . . 5
Gay and Aisquith, . . 39
Penitentiary Gate, . . 52
Leadenhall & Stockholm
sts., South Baltimore, 3
Federal Hill, .... 85
Baltimore & Light, . . G8
" " Fremont, . 05
** " Pwcpublican, 88
Localities. Feet.
Baltimore & Gilmor, . .112
" " Payson, . 186
Kichmond Market, . . 124
Washington Monument, 98
Eutaw and Madison, . 122
Fayette and Fulton, . .155
Gilmor and Preshury, . 213
Woodyear &> Presstman, 205
Druid Hill Park, highest, 300
Cemeteries.
The Principal Cemeteries of Baltimore are Green-
mount, on the York road j Baltimore Cemetery, on the
Belair road; Mount Olivet, Western and Loudoun Park,
on the Catonsville road, and Mt. ('armel on the Trappe
road.
Qreetiiiiounf, One of the distinguishing natural
features of Greenmount is the Beautiful Mound from
which it takes its name, crowned Avith an Ornamental
Brown Stone Gothic Chapel, The lots are laid out with
stone curbing. A beautiful diversity of hill and dale,
valley and grove, affords a good basis for ornamentation;
but there are parts of the Cemetery already too much
crowded ^vith glaring white marble. A gray granite
Mausoleum of Egyptian style of Architecture is in the
Centre of the grounds. In the great congregation of
IJY BALTIMORE. 29
monuments two works of Rinehart, the Maryland
sculptor, whose remains repose ,in the Cemetery, are
conspicuous. One of these works is a Bronze Female
Figure above life size, standing on a granite pedestal,
dropping- Memorial Flowers ; the other represents two
Sleeping Children in marble. Both are works of genius.
In all parts of the grounds the names of the noted
dead of Baltimore may be seen — among them, Reverdy
Johnson, Major Ringgold of Mexican War fame, and
hundreds of others. On one of the Hills in the southern
part of the grounds is a large Monument and Statue
by the City of Baltimore to John McDonogh, who be-
queathed to the city a large estate for educational pur-
poses.
Among the noted monuments is that of the Elder
Booth the great tragedian, close to which, without any
stone to designate it, is the ivy-covered grave of John
Wilkes Booth. Tickets of admission are required of all
who are not lot holders, and may be had at No. 53 Lex-
ington street. The York road cars convey passengers
within thirty feet of the main entrance and wicket. To
the west of this is the Institution for the Blind.
lialthnore Cemetevij is reached by the Gay street
Red Line of cars. This burial place is at the north-
eastern boundary of the city on an elevated situation.
The Office of the Cemetery is at No. 8 South street.
Mount Olivet Ceiiieteri/ is situate about 2 miles
west of the city on the Frederick road, and from its ele-
vated position commands an excellent view of the city
and bay.
Western Cemetery is located about 1 1 miles west
of the city on the margin of Gwynn's Falls, and is
reached by way of West Baltimore street extended.
4
30 . THE STR^.XGER'S GUIDE
Loudoun JPark Ceineterij is three miles from
Baltimore, reached by the Catonsville horse cars. The
grouQcIs are well wooded with large trees, laid out in
drives, and affords some magnificent views of the city
harbor, bay, and the charming valley between the
city and the Cemetery. Jn Loudoun Park are in-
terred ihe remains of Confederate Soldiers, transferred
from distant battle fields of Gettysburg, Antietam, Sec,
or who died in Prison, A commemorative Statue occu-
pies the centre of the rows of dead. The remains
of 1,646 Union Soldiers are also interred in a Reserva-
tion in another part of the Cemetery. Both spots are on
"Memorial Days" the scene of the annual ceremony
of Strewing Flowers, &c. Two of Rinehart's works in
marble are among the notable Monuments of Loudoun
Park, representing the Scriptural Declaration: "I am
the Resurrection and the Life." The Office of the
Cemetery is No. 19^ South street.
The New Cathvdval Cenicferijf (Bonny Brae,)
is located on the Old Frederick road. From the western
part of this Cemetery one of the best views of the city
may be had. The Cemetery is beautifully laid out.
Suburban Drives.
The ridges of hills surrounding P)altimore shelter the
city, and with the influence of the water combine to
jrive it the fine climate which is its characteristic.
Numerous delightful drives on excellent roads may be
found in every direction.
On the eastward^ Shell Roads are much used for
pleasure driving. Numerous Pavilions and Excursion
Grounds as far down as North Point, and what is called
Ijy BALTIMORE. 31
" the Neck" attract pleasure seekers and fishing parties.
The Philadelphia road East Fayette street extended,
leads to Herring Run Trotting Course.
North Point Battle-field is a pleasant ride from Balti-
more via Philadelphia road, turning out on the Trappe
road southwardly. North Point by land is fifteen miles
from Baltimore. At the Monument House Inn, seven
miles down, is a small monument erected to the memory
of those who fell in defense of Baltimore in 1814. Near
Numsen's Gate, a large tree is shown under which the
British General Ross was killed by the youths, Wells
and McComas.
Oil the north-east, the Harford road, Aisquith
street extended, leading to Belair through suburban vil-
lages and a thickly settled and beautiful stretch of coun-
try. One of the largest and finest estates on the road
is Clifton, belonging to the Johns Hopkins University
and formerly the country seat of the founder. Monte-
bello the large estate of John W. Garrett is opposite
Chfton and extends along the Hillen road. Horse cars
run on the Harford road from the City Hall and North
street to Darley Park Pleasure Grounds and to Hall's
Springs, three and a half miles, a popular resort.
Gay street extended is also a road to Belair, Har-
ford county. The Red Line street cars pass a number
of Breweries, Beer Gardens and Pleasure Resorts of
German citizens. Among the chief of these resorts is
the Schuetzen Park, which possesses Shooting Ranges,
Bowling Alleys and other amusements.
The York lioad, due north to Towsontown, the
County Seat of Baltimore county, seven miles, is almost
a continuous village. Horse cars leave the corner ot
Holliday and Baltimore streets. On the line are some
32 THE STRJ.XGER'S GUIDE
of the finest country seats in Maryland, including
Guildford, the splendid estate of Mr. A. S. Abell, two
miles from the city limiis, extending westwardly from
the York road to Charles street avenue. The trip on
one of the " Double-Deck " cars affords a view of
Waverly, Homewood, and Govanstown villages near
by, and a country thickly dotted with villas, stately
mansions, wooded hills, and cultivated fields. The
rise of the ground is steady and a Bay view may be
had from the road. Towsontown has two good Hotels
and numerous Summer Boarding Houses.
Charles street avenue on the north, is a fashion-
able drive. This road, running nearly parallel with the
York road is a broad avenue, and has in sight many
manors and fine estates. Notre Dame Convent and
School, is one of the most commanding situations near
Baltimore, three miles from the city, and the Shepherd
Asylum near Towsontown are among the most conspicu-
ous buildings. The estates of Samuel H. Adams, David
M. Ferine, William H. Perot, and others, are among the
finest country seats on the Charles street avenue.
On the north-ivestf where Pennsylvania avenue
and Madison avenue street cars converge, Pimlico and
Pikesville Horse cars continue on to Pimlico Race Course.
Here the Maryland Jockey Club Spring and Fall Meet-
ino-s are Turf events. The country is high and Pimlico
is on a broad plateau. The Race Course is improved
by a fine Club House, Grand Stand, extensive Stables,
and other structures for the combined purposes of Agri-
cultural Exhibitions and Jockey Club Meetings. The
Reisterstown road leads to Pikesville and the old United
States Arsenal.
• IJV BALTIMORE. 33
The Falls JRoad, Along the valley of Jones'
Falls, on what is known as the Falls road, are many
attractive spots. The road passes near Woodberry,
Hampden village and Reservoir, along the covered con-
duit line east of Mount Washington to Lake Roland.
The two latter places, comprising charming and delight-
ful views, are among the most interesting of Baltimore
suburban localities, and are reached by the Northern
Central Railway.
Mount JVashiiigton is laid out regularly along the slope
and summit of the ridge facing the east. Its elevation,
purity of air and accessibility trom the city make it a
charming Summer residence and temporary resort. It
is also the seat of some fine Schools for young ladies.
Uifjhland JParlx^ a suburb of handsome villas on
regularly laid out avenues, commands a sweeping and
magnificent view of the Bay and the intervening city..
This elevation is one of the highest, close to the city.
It is reached by driving out Franklin street west, or by
the Baltimore, Calverton and Powhattan Horse cars.
Highland Park Hotel, open in Summer, is furnished in
a style of great elegance.
The Franklin road, in this neighborhood, is a delightful
drive in view of some fine estates, including the Crimea,
belonging to Mr. Thomas Winans.
Windsor Heights, on the Old Windsor Mill road, is
a delightful locality reached by the Calverton and Pow-
hattan horse railway =
The village of Franklin and the Western suburbs may
be reached by horse cars from the Western terminus of
the Red line of street cars.
The Catonsville Horse cars carry passengers from
West Baltimore street extended, to Catonsville and Elli
. 4*
34 THE STR^jXGFAVS GUIDE
cott city. The ride is in view of numerous summer
residences, villages, &c. Mount De Sales, Academy for
young ladies, conducted by the Sisters of the Visitation,
occupies the highest point of the Catonsville range of hills,
known as Hunting Ridge. The town itself is a charming
summer residence with a refined and cultivated society.
Mt. De Sales is probably on as great an elevation as
Alt. Washington, and the school is well worth a visit.
Ellicott city beyond is reached by the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, and is the seat of some of the largest
Flouring Mills in the country. It is also one of the
oldest towns in Maryland. The Maryland Hospital for
the Insane, Spring Grove, is near Catonsville.
Between Mt. De Sales and Baltimore lie numerous
institutions, including the Passionists Monastery, oppo-
site Loudoun Park, St Agnes' Hospital and St. Mary's
Industrial School for Boys.
Calverton, close to the city, is a thriving^ suburb, thick
with drove yards, curled hair factories and flouring mills.
Gwynn's Falls is crossed by a bridge, and on the hill
west of the stream is the House of Refuge, a Reforma-
tory Institution for Boys, a massive stone pile.
Southwardly from Baltimore there are beautiful drives
over Ferry Bar Bridge, across the Patapsco into Anne
Arundel County. The Bridge affords a delightful Water
view. The turnpike to Washington city is out Colum-
bia street, south Baltimore.
Educational Institutions.
Public and individual contributions have for half a
century been earnestly directed towards general educa-
tion in the city, and Students will, in a few years, find in
IJV BALTIMORE. 35
Baltimore opportunities for higher cultivation not excelled
by any other city on the American continent. Already
the educational institutions of Baltimore rank high.
The city has in 1876 as many as 125 Public Schools,
706 teachers and 45.565 pupils, costing over $600,000 a
year for maintenance. The number of schools for colored
children is fifteen, in charge of sixty-eight white teachers,
and_comprising 3,562 pupils. There are six English-CTcr-
man Schools in which the German language is taught in
connection with English branches. These schools are
among the largest in the city.
The United States sloop-of-war .Tuniata is at present
stationed in the harbor for Nautical School purposes and
training enlisted boys as seamen for the United Slates
Naval Service. The school is already large.
Primary, Grammar and a few Evening Schools form
the basis of the system of public instruction. At the
head of these is Baltimore City College for young men,
and two Female High Schools for voung women.
Drawing and designing is taught in all the public
schools, and music to a certain extent.
Added to the public schools maintained at the city's
expense are twenty or more large and flourishing Catho-
lic Male and Female Parochial Schools, with Colleges and
Academies under different Religious orders. There are
besides numerous Private Schools, Young Ladies' Semi-
naries, &€., which are largely patronized from the South.
For the education of Public School Teachers there is
a Normal School with 147 pupils. A Normal School
for the education of Catholic Parochial School Teachers
has been organized also in connection with the Institu-
tion conducted by tlie Sisters of the Holy Cross, near
Lafayette Square.
36 THE STRAAVER'S GUIDE
The State Normal School BuiUJhig, one of the
finest structures, architecturally, in the city, is located at
the northwest corner of Lafayette Square. The build-
ing is of brick and Ohio sand-stone trimmings, with
a lofty spire and conspicuous slate roof. It fronts 120
feet on Carrollton avenue and 105 leet on Townsend
street. The tower at the corner of the two fronts is 20
feet square at the base and rises 175 feet. The ventila-
tion of the building is the most complete of all the many
educational institutions of the city.
There are 240 pupils in attendance at the State Nor-
mal School. The number of graduates since 1865,
when the School was organized, has been over 200.
Each County in the State is entiiled to two students for
each of its representatives in the General Assembly.
The law requires the appointees to be not less than 16
years of age for young women and not less than 17
years of age for young men. A limited number of other
pupils are taken on payment of tuition. The main
object of the School is to give professional training to
those who intend to become teachers.
TJte MfU'ifhaid Institute^ for the Promotion of
Mechanic Arts, is one ot the older institutions of Balti-
more, in the grade of special cultivation. Its objects are
the general diffusion of Knowledge, and especially In-
struction in the Arts. It is located on Baltimore street
in the centre of the city, over the Centre Market. The
building is 350 feet long by 60 wide and three stories
high, fronting on Baltimore street. For a long time
the Institute Ha>l was, and is yet to a great extent, the
great popular gathering place.
The Maryland Institute has performed a noble mission
in the advancement of Mechanic Arts and in the instruc-
L\ BALTIMORE. 37
tion of arlizans. Its Library is open every day. Its
departments include a School of Practical Chemistrv,
School of Design for males and females, an Educational
Department in which women are taught Book-Keeping
and to be Accountants, Music Schools which are largely
attended, Public Lectures during the winter and Indus-
trial Expositions annually until within the past year or
so. New life will be infused into the exhibitions after
this year, when every thing in this line is directed to the
Philadelphia Centennial. The membership of the Mary-
land Institute in prosperous years has averaged 2,500 to
3,000 members.
The JPeahody Institute at the south-east corner of
Charles and Monument streets, occupies a higher plane
in ihe scale of public education. It was founded in 1857
by George Peabody, Avho had the pleasure of witnessing
the inauguration of his generous plans for Baltimore in
common with so many broad, benevolent inspirations in
other cities. The Peabody Institute is a white marble
structure, containing a large Lecture and Concert Hall,
Library and Offices. The Conservatory of Music and
Art Gallery is now being built as part of the orginal
design, on Monument street adjoining the present struc-
ture. There are four departments of the Institute, viz :
1st. Library, 58,000 volumes, chiefly standard works
of reference for students and scholars. Open daily from
9 A. M. to 10 P. M. except Sundays. The Reading
Room and books are free to all. Books are not allowed
to be taken out.
2d. Lectures, including the latest discoveries in
science, and comprising about one hundred every year
at nominal prices for the course. These lectures have
38 THE S TRAKGER'S G UIDE
heretofore covered the best fields and have been bv
specialists in their different departments.
3d. Conservatory of Music. Instruction is given to
more advanced students by a select corps of teachers as to
theory and execution, vocal and instrumental at exceed-
ingly low rates. A popular feature of this department
is the orchestra of over fifty performers, and twelve or
more concerts yearly for public instruction and enter-
tainment.
4th. The Gallery of Art. This department has not
yet been opened. The nucleus of a collection has been
Ibrmed. One of the conspicuous attractions in the
Institute adjoining the reading room"is a beautiful statue
of Clytie by Rinehart. The Venus with shell and a
bust of Pocahontas are also on exhibition. The Clytie
is considered the masterpiece of Rinehart and one of the
finest works of art in Baltimore. It was a gift to the
Peabody Institute by Mr. John W. McCoy.
The Halthnore City College, which is the head
of the city public school system has the names of 450
students on its roll for 1876, with eleven teachers or pro-
fessors. The College building is on North Howard street
near the Academy of Music. The structure is in what is
known as the Collegiate Gothic style of architecture. Its
outline is well broken and relieved ; the fagade is flanked
on each side by a turret with a gable in the centre,
relieved by a bay window on two of the three stories
above the basement. A drinking Ibuntain is placed at the
base of the buttress. Entrance porches are on each side
of the centre. The main tower is 110 feet high. The
interior is admirably arranged for school purposes. A
Free Pgblic School Library for students and teachers
has been founded in the College building:.
IJV BALTIMORE. 39
The Schools of Medicine, &c.
TJie University of Maryland and Washing-
ton Univei^sity are known throughout the country.
Every year large classes of graduates receive diplomas
here. Within the past few years the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons has also been added to this depart-
ment of special instruction.
The Maryland University School, at the corner of Lom-
bard and Greene streets, has been in operation many
years. Connected with it is an extensive hospital.
Washington University tias also a large hospital corner
of Calvert and Saratoga streets.
Law School of the University of Maryland, 32
Mulberry street, ranks high as a Law School.
The fTohns Hoi^Mns University, endowed by
a gift of over three million dollars from Johns Hopkins
of^Baltimore, (who died December 24th, 1873.) is now
beinir organized and will receive its faculty and students
in the autumn of 1876. Temporary class-rooms, a
public lecture-room, a hbrary and reading-room, and
physical, chemical and biological laboratories, have been
provided in North Howard street, near the City College
and the Academy of Music. The permanent site of the
University is expected to be at Clifton, the founder's
estate, on the Harford road, two miles from the centre of
the city. At the outset the literary and scientific faculty
will be instituted; the medical and law faculties will
follow later. The staff will include at first a President,
eight or ten professors, ten non-resident lecturers, several
associate instructors, and ten " Fellows," selected from
various parts of the country. Twenty-five fr€e scholar-
ships have also been instituted, twenty of which are
40 THE STRAA^GEWS GUIDE
restricted to candidates from Maryland, Virginia, and
Nortii Carolina, and five are open by competition to
students from any place. The foundation is free from
political and ecclesiastical control.
TIte Johns Hoplxins Hospital, founded also
by a gift of over three million dollars, from Johns Hop-
kins, will be built on Broadway, corner of Monument
street, — the selected site embracing fourteen acres. The
Trustees are now elaborating the plans of the structure,
having- secured extended papers from five professional
writers which have been published in a volume entitle
*' Hospital Plans." It is expected that the foundations
will be laid in the autumn of 187G. The hospital, when
constructed, will be for all classes of cases, except those
afflicted with contagious or mental disease. In its de-
velopment the Hospital will include a Dispensary, a
Training School for Nurses, and a Convalescent Hos-
pital. It will also be connected with the Medical
Department of the Johns Hopkins University.
TJie Johns HopJcins Colored Oyph