^f^^f\ TfTTTjJV.M B I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.! * ^ ||l.af .irS. |opnnsM |o |- f UMTED STATES OF AMERICA ^f\r\r\^^f\i ^lA,,>&'''j * A ^ ' ^ A J^^^'^mmmm ^^^•^A^^^V>^^)f^A/^/ MMmk ^■^^' ■^/:^-^'^Mof^.^f:^'^f. -:^.^_A«^'^A m^fsr^f ^kf^f^A^mM^^k^": ^?S;:^;;^«t5j^;j;^^ iH!1?

r Stranger's Guide if IN Baltimore and its EoviroDS. Sketches of Public Buildings, Monuments, Notable Localities, Resorts, Suburban Drives, &c. Showing Strangers where to Go and what to See. The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, and Public Buildings, Washington, &c. BALTIMORE: Published by John Murphy & Co. 182 Baltimore Street. Baltimore News Company. For Sale by all Booksellers, News Dealers, &e. 1876. Price 25 cts. "With Map, 40 cts. \^ BAY LINE. BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY, FOR NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH AND OLD POIN I The BAY LINE STEAMERS Leave DAILY, (EXCEPT SUSDA\ at 4 P. BI., from Foot of Union Dock. E-ates Reduced. TO OLD POINT AND NORFOLK. And on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, special Low Bates offe c Single Trip and Round Trip Tickets. Special Round Trip Tickets sold at Reduced i?afe«, good each day • o* either Steamer of the Line, by which passengers are not subjected to ela and are afforded all the conveniences of the Daily Line. COMPANY'S OFFICi:, 157 W. Baltimore str Where Orders can be left for Baggage and Information is given. E. BROWN, G. T. A. WM, M. LAWSON, . Established 1835. G. AV. WEBB & CO. GoldS7nit?is a7id J^en^et^ '*rf S. E. Cor. Baltimore and Light streets. IMPORTERS AND DEALER? I.N FINE WATCHES, RICH JEWELRY AND SILVER WARE. Om Europeaifh Flan. Fayette Street, near JSionuinent Squar( , BALTIMORE. ROBERT RENNERT, Proprieto Rooms l>y tlie I>a,y or ^V^eelc. THE Straii2^er's Guide IN Baltimore and its Environs. Sketches of Public Buildings, Monuments, Notable Localities, Resorts, Suburban Drives, &.c. Showing Strangers where to Go and what to See. The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, and Public Buildings, Washington, &.c. BALTIMORE: Published by John Murphy & Co. 182 Baltimoue Street. Baltimore News Company. For Sale by all Bookse'lers, News Dealers, &c. 1876. INTRODUCTION. In the pages of this Guide Book the Tourist or Sojourner is furnished with brief and accurate descriptions of the City of Baltimore, its Harbor, Shipping, Public Buildings, Historic Localities, Monuments, Libraries, Art Collections, Parks and Environs. The book gives also descriptions of all the Interesting Points within easy reach of the city, which may be visited by Rail or Water and return the same day, Showing Where to go and What to See. Among these places may be mentioned, Philadelphia and the Centennial Exposition; Washington City and the Public Buildings, Grounds and Art Galleries; Georgetown, D. C, and its charming heights; Alexandria, Va., and the Poto- mac river; Mt. Vernon and the Tomb of Washington; Annapolis, the United States Xaval Academy and the Historical Chambers and Portraits of the State Capitol. Besides these, Routes are given of the Chesapeake Bay to Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, Old Point Comfort, the Eastern Shore of Maryland, &c. Many interesting Statistics are given showing the great Progress of Baltimore within the past ten years, its Com- mercial strides, Growth and Embellishment, all combining to make it a great Metropolitan City, in the strict sense of the word, a city of Wealth, Culture and Refinement. With the view of embodying in the most compact form, and giving all the necessary information at the lowest price Pictorial Illustrations, so generally used in such publica- tions, are purposely omitted, and in their place, accurate descriptions and valuable details are supplied. Enteued, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 187C, by John Mcrpbt, in tlio OfTice of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasliington. CONTENTS. PAGE. Baltimore City 5 Commerce and Manufactures 8 Oyster and Fruit Trade 8 Shoe and Leather Trade 9 Pianos, &c 9 Bell Casting 10 Iron Manufactures 10 Railroad Tonnels 10 Baltimore & Potomac Tunnel 10 Union Tunnel 11 Railroad Depots 12 Terminal Facilities 12 Locust Point 12 Oil Yards 13 Canton 13 Historical Localities 14 Federal Hill 14 Fort McHenry 15 Fort Carroll 16 Quarantine IG Prominent Buildings 16 City Hall 16 Safe Deposit Building 17 Shot Tower J8 Alexandrowski 18 Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation Building 19 Young Men's Catholic Asso- ciation Rooms 19 Bay View Asylum 19 Monuments 20 Washington Monument 20 Battle Monument 20 Wells and McComas Monu- ment 21 Odd Fellows' Memorial 21 Poe Monument 21 Public Parks 22 Druia Hill Park 22 Patterson Park 25 PAGE. Water Works 26 Elevations above Tide 28 Cemeteries 28 Greenmount 28 Baltimore Cemetery i9 Mount Olivet Cemetery 29 Western Cemetery 20 Loudoun Park Cemetery 30 New Cathedral Cemetery 30 Suburban Drives 30 On the Eastward 30 On the Northeast 31 Gay street Extended 31 York Road 31 Charles street Avenue 32 On the Northwest 32 Falls Road 33 Highland Park 33 Educational Institutions 34 State Normal School Building 35 Maryland Institute 36 Peabody Institute 37 Baltimore City College 38 Schools of Medicine, &c 39 University of Maryland 39 Washington University 39 Law School of the University of Maryland 39 Johns Hopkins University... 39 Johns Hoplvins Hospital 40 Johns Hopkins Colored Or- phan Asylum 40 McDonough Foundations 40 Free Scuools 41 McKim Free School 41 Oliver Hibernian FreeSehool 41 Libraries and Galleries 42 Maryland Academy of Sci- ence 43 Art Galleries 43 IV COJ\'TEJ\^TS. PAGE. Churches 44 Theatres 45 brsixess and othek places.... 4g Foreign Consuls 47 City Railways 48 SoDURBAN Railways 48 Expresses 48 Hotels 40 Banks 49 Telegraph 50 Foreign Steamers 51 Coastwise and Bay Steamers 51 Daily Newspapers 52 ITackney Coach Regulations 52 Distances from Baltimore.... 53 Baltimoke to Philadelphia... 54 Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore R. R. Distances. 54 Slemnier's Run 54 Middle River .54 Edge wood 54 Bush River 54 Havre de Grace 54 North East 55 Elkton 55 Newark 't:t Wilmington 55 Chester 50 Ridley Park 5() CeKTENNIAL EXHIBITIOX 50 Exhibition Buildings 57 "Annex"' 57 State Buildings 57 Foreign Countries Repre- sented 57 Foreign Buildings 58 St. George's House 5S First Foundation Stone 58 Restaurants 58 Miscellaneous Buildings 59 page. IMemorial Monuments 59 Maryland State Building 59 What to See in Six Days 59 Baltimore to Annapolis 01 Annapolis 01 Executive Mansion 02 Baltimore to Blue Ridge Mountains C3 Western Maryland Railroad.. 63 Emmitsburg C3 Blue Ridge 04 Baltimore to Washington 04 The Capitol 05 President's Mansion 00 Public Places in Washington 07 Corcoran Art Gallery 07 City Hall 08 Army Medical Mu?eum 08 Ordnance Museum OS Congressional Conservatory. 08 Congressional Burial Ground 08 Navy Yard 08 Government Hospital for In- sane 08 The Arsenal OS Georgetown 09 Arlington 09 Soldiers' Home 58 Alexandria 09 Mount Vernon 00 Baltimore to Niagara Falls.. 09 York TO Harrisburg 7(i Williamsport 70 Watkins 70 Niagara Falls 70 Baltimore to Richmond 70 Baltimore to the West 71 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 71 Pennsylvania Railroad 71 The Stranger's Guide in Baltimore. Baltimore City. The City of Baltimore was first laid out in 1730, on a tract of sixty acres of land, and in 1796, was incorporated as a town. Within the present boun- daries are 12J square miles of land and 2 of water. From east to west the boundaries are five miles apart, and from north to south four miles. Baltimore street, the chief thoroughfare, running east and west, is a little over four miles long, and is the dividing line for num- bering houses on streets running north and south, while Jones' Falls, a small stream in the centre of the city, is the dividing line for numbering the houses east and west. The elevations are to 250 leet above the sea level; mean annual temperature 55°; annual rainfall 44.48, and situation 39° 17' N. latitude 76° 37' longi- tude W. Baltimore, though not the capital of Maryland, is the chief city of the State, and the largest emporium of the south. It is by reason of its geographical situation, on the Atlantic coast near the Chesapeake bay, as well as by its railroad connections with the great west and the south, the entreport of a large portion of the richest pro ducing territory of the union, and the most convenient point of export for grain, flour, petroleum, cotton, tobacco and other great staples of the interior. 2 5 6 THE STRJJYGEWS GUIDE The striking characteristics of the city are its bright- ness, clearness of sky, blue water, active harbor, com- mercial rather than mechanical pursuits, numerous churches and homelike and hospitable traits of its peo- ple. An aspect of cheerful elegance pervades the city, which is particularly noticed by strangers. There is an absence of crowded tenements, a great number of small dwellings, where each family may have a sepa- rate home. Since 1865 upwards of 15,000 houses have been built, extending mostly over the north-western boundary and closing around Druid Hill Parlr, and crowning some of the highest elevations, 190 to 220 feet above tide water. Horse railways and street cars connect the city and its suburbs, and afford rapid and convenient modes of reaching any and every desired point. The brightness of Baltimore is especially a character- istic of the north-western section, covering several square miles, built for the most part since 1SG5. In this region, the tall spires of numerous white marble churches tower above the lines of bright red brick dwellings. Public squares, provided with walks and seats, shade trees, grass plots, and springs of limpid water, are plentifully scattered throughout the city. Several of these squares are without enclosure, and it is an indication of the order and decorum of the inhabitants that flowers grow unmolested in the open air, and add their fragrance and beauty to the other attractions of the city's public resorts. Among the more attractive of these green spots in the northwest, may be mentioned Lafayette and Harlegi Squares; in the west, Franklin and Union Squares; in the northeast, Madison Square. For South Baltimore IJV BALTIMORE. 7 Riverside Park, is this year being laid off and improved. Broadway in tiie east, and Eutaw Place northwest, are broad and beautiful avenues, parked in the centre with grass and adorned with flower-beds, vases with trailing vines, and growing plants. One arm of the Patapsco river stretches far into the business centre, affording highly prized commercial facilities, and an inner harbor known as the '"Basin," for passenger steamboats and coastwise and bay craft in great numbers. The channels leading to the harbor are kept at a depth of 25 feet and 200 to 300 feet wide. The deep water of the harbor, where the larger foreign and other vessels lie, is at Fells' Point and Canton on the north side, and Locust Point on the south side, above Fort McHenry. The entrance to the harbor, between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto Lighthouse Point is narrow, but inside the river widens beautifully, and in the busy seasons presents a scene of great activity. The Population, by municipal census in 1873, the latest taken, was 302,893, of which the female excess was 15,723. It is estimated that 50,000 of the inhabitants a'-e of German origin. Besides the city proper, there are numerous suburban villages and hamlets, the outgrowth of overflowing population, not enumerated in the census of Baltimore. If the surrounding belt of country and these villages were annexed as contemplated, the num- ber of inhabitants would be carried up to about 400,000, and give the city an area of nearly sixty square miles. 8 THE STR^JYGEWS G UIDE Commerce and Manufactures. The value of exports and imports for the last three years were as follows: Exports, 1875, $27,135,038 Imports, 1875, $29,799,821 " 1874, 27,524,835 " 1874, 26,578,554 " 1873, 22,387,812 " 1873, 31,319,033 The Petroleum exports were: 1875, 24,828,124 galls.; 1874, 8,381,903 galls.; 1873, 3,470,995 galls. The value of Coffee imports was, in 1875, $13,730,020'; in 1874, $9,164,007; in 1873, $10,375,413. The total Grain receipts in 1875 were 15,028,854 bushels; in 1874, 17,086,645. bushels. Flour receipts, 1875, 1,391,813 bbls.; in 1374, 1,500,997. Maryland and Ohio Tobacco shipments were, in 1875, 34,366 hhds.; 1874, 51,248 hhds.; 1873, 51,652 hhds. The total Tobacco inspections in the three years were : 1875, 40,436 hhds.; in 1874, 57.955 hhds.'; and in 1873, 65,067 hhds. The Oyster and Frit it Trade. Among lead- ing industries, the Oyster trade occupies an important place. On Fells Point, and in South Baltimore, whole streets are occupied with Oyster and Fruit Packing estab- lishments. Eight hundred or a thousand schooners arc engaged seven months in a year in the oyster trade, and a large fleet of bay craft, to say nothing of steamers, is employed in bringing fruit and vegetables to the pack- ing houses. In summei* oysters packed in ice are shipped West, North and South. The oyster fleet, between sea- sons engages in other trafiic especially with the West Indies, from which pine apples and other tropical fruits are brought to market and lor packing. There arc one LY BALTIMORE. 9 hundred oyster and fruit packing firms in Baltimore, some of which have establishments at convenient locali- ties on tlie bay or in the fruit growing region of the Eastern Shore. In connection with the packing busi- ness, the manufacture of tin cans is a great industry of itself. The capital employed in the different branches of the trade aggregates many millions of dollars. TJie Shoe and Leather Trade of Baltimore is another of its largest industries. In 1870 the sale of Eastern and Baltimore manufactured shoes amounted to $11,000,000. In 1874 the sales were $17,000,000. There are thirty laVge shoe factories in the city, using improved machinery and employing 4,500 operatives. There are thirty jobbing, commission and auction houses, and the leather dealers and tanners produce the best sole leather made anywhere, as evidenced by the Vienna award to a Baltimore house engaged in this manufacture. The statistics of the shoe and leather trade for 1874 show the followins: figures : Sales of boots and shoes, wholesale and retail, Manufacturers, Eubber boots and shoes, Auction sales, Sales of leather, Sales of hides, Kip and calfskins and upper leather, Goat skins and morocco, Sheep skins, . . . . . Total boots, shoes and leather, $ 8,000,000 7,000,000 1,900,000 750,000 4,000,000 1,375,000 450,000 250,000 150,000 $22,975,000 J*ianoSf <£t. In the manufacture of Pianos, several thousand workmen are employed. Upwards of 2,500 2# 10 THE STRdA^GEWS GUIDE pianos are turned out every year from the workshops. Several Organ lactories have given celebrity to Baltimore made church organs. Bell Casting is one of the best known industries. The specimens of bells sent from Baltimore foundries, to all parts of the country, speak for themselves. Iron 31amifactures. Ship building, Iron Bridge, Architectural Iron Work, extensive Railroad Foundries and Car shops at Mt. Clare and other localties owned by the Baltimore and Ohio and Northern Central Railway; Brick Making, Tobacco Manvfacturc, and many other industries too numerous to mention, are all tending by the multitude and value of iheir productions to give im- portance to the city as a manufacturing centre. Railroad Tunnels. By the expenditure of nearly five millions of dollars a system of underground communication has been con- structed, by which all the railroads, other than the Bal- timore and Ohio, are connected and brought to tide-water at Canton. This system comprises the Baltimore and Potomac and the Union Railroad Tunnels on the north side of the city. TJte HaJt'unove fnnl I*ofomac Tunucl is, with the exception of the Hoosac Tunnel, the largest on this side of the Atlantic. It was begun in 1871 and finished ill 1873. The arch is built of five rings of brick, backed up with rubble masonry, and is 22 feet in height by 27 feet in width. The cost of the work was $2,300,000; length of tunnel G,9G9 feet. The western entrance is at Gilmor street, and the tunnel extends throughout the city in a northeasterly direction, passing under the beds Ij\ BALTIMORE. 11 of twenty-nine* streets until it emerges at North avenue, the northern boundary of the city, close to the line of the Northern Central Railway. Of this distance, 1,057 feet were worked entirely under ground at a depth of from 50 to 25 feet. The Union Tunnel extends from Greenmount avenue on the west under thirteen streets. It is also built of brick, 3,410 feet in length, and otherwise of nearly the same dimensions as the Potomac Tunnel, of which it is practically a continuation. Both works were prosecuted simultaneously, forming the links to tide- water by double tracks through the tunnels and some open cuts. The Union Railroad, on emerging from the eastern portal, passes over two avenues on iron bridges, and then curves to the south to Canton. At a distance of three and a half miles from Greenmount avenue, the Union road makes a junction at Bay View Station with the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore line. The roads using the tunnels are the Western Mary- land, Baltimore and Potomac, Northern Central, and Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore. Through trains from New York to Washington switch off from the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore to the Union Railroad, passing through the Union tunnel and over the tracks of the Northern Central ; thence through the Baltimore and Potomac tunnel and over that railroad to Washington without change of cars. New York passengers to Washington via Baltimore and Ohio Railroad are brought into the President Street Depot, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington &. Baltimore Railroad and the cars are drawn through Pratt street by horses to Camden Depot, proceeding via Washington Branch to Washington. 1 2 THE S TRJA'GER'S G UIDE The Bailroad Depots on ihe north side of the city are Calvert Station; Union Depot, Charles Street; and Pennsylvania Avenue Station. Tlie connections nordi and south are with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Western Maryland Railroad which enjoys Tide Water and Tunnel facilities in common with other north side roads, has its depot, a newly constructed hrick building, at the corner of Hillen and Exeier streets. Terminal Facilities. Locust Point is conspicuous as the terminal tide ■ water outlet for grain, coal, iron and other freights of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, as well as the site of the European Steamship piers. Federal Hill, at the junction with the main land, and Fort McHenry, at the extremity of the point, are old landmarks. Between these two, especially on the water IVonl opposite the city, are located a great number of coal piers, by means of which the cars are emptied directly into vessels for shipment of Maryland and West Virginia bituminous coal; sec- ond, two immense Elevators, which receive the grain from the railroad, and deliver to vessels of the largest size at the elevator wharves ; third, European steam- ship piers, active with freight all the year round, and especially busy during the summer, when the tide of tourist travel is at its height. This Point and the piers are reached by the ferry at the foot of Broadway and Thames street. The elevators handle annually an immense quantity of grain brought from the West. Elevator A, has the capacity of nearly 000,000 bushels. The building, SO by 150 feet, is built on 4,400 piles. LY BALTIMORE. 13 Elevator B, a few hundred feet to the east, rests upon 1 1,750 piles. The foundation is granite laid in cement. The building is 97 by 324 feet, and 169 feet high, capa- city is 1,500,000 bushels. It is said to be impossible to discharge car loads into the elevators faster than the grain can be carried to the bins, and the only delay in loading vessels is occasioned by the necessity of stopping at in- tervals to properly distribute the cargo. A railroad ferry is located between the two elevators by which trains of loaded cars are conveyed across the water to th*' Canton side, on immense barges to connect Tvith the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- road. During busy seasons 250 cars are transferred a day at this point. What with present and contemplated building, the whole peninsula constitutes the scene of the most active and energetic business progress of Baltimore, and if is thought will soon root out Fort McHenry as a military depot, and replace its barracks and arsenals with the warehouse and granaries of commerce. Oil Yards. On the other side of the peninsula, fronting on the Middle branch of the Patapsco, are estab- lished oil yards and depots doing an immense business. The cars bring the oil from Pennsylvania and West Virginia directly to the water's edge, where there is a fleet of foreign vessels ready to receive cargoes. The oil yards are quite as Avell worth a visit as the steamship piers and grain elevators. Canton, a thriving manufacturing and commercial town of itself, forms the eastern extremity of Baltimore opposite Fort McHenry. The Canton Company here owns 2,800 acres of land, comprising 18,000 building lots. Streets are laid out 1 4 THE S TR.iA'GER'S G UIDE and paved. The water frontage is about 20,000 feet, on water ranging from fifteen to twenty-five feet deep. Upwards of sixty manufactories are congregated within the area of Canton, employing about 8,000 hands. These i'actories include Oyster and Fruit Packing Houses, Stove and Hollow Ware Foundries, Copper Works, Rolling Mill, Chemical and Fertilizing Fac- tories, eight Coal Oil Refineries, Copper Smelting Fur- naces, Car Wheel, Agricultural Implement, White Lead and other factories ; Lager Beer Breweries and Distil- leries, The Copper Works are very extensive and promise in time to rank among the leading industries of Balti- more. The Canton Elevator, and terminal facilities of the Union Railroad, are also conspicuous features. An extensive coal pier, large wharves, warehouses, furnish terminal facilities to meet existing requirements, with prospective extensions in several directions. One of the great features of Canton is the extensive rolling mill which turns out immense quantities of steel and iron rails: In busy seasons very many of the largest vessels lie at the wharves of Canton. Historical Localities. Federal ILill, From this notable point a good view of Baltimore is commanded. It is also the site of the Marine Observatory, from which marine arrivals are siirnalled. Federal Hill is so called from having been the point in 1788 that the news of the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution by the Virginia Convention was pro- claimed by artillery. This hill will be converted into a public park, for which purpose it has been purchased by the city at a cost of $04^000. IJV BALTIMORE. 15 Fort 3[cITenvij possesses national historic interest as thesceneof the bombardment in 1814when theBritish land and naval forces were repulsed in their attack on Baltimore. It was during this bombardment that Francis S. Key, a prisoner on a British vessel off the fort, wrote the Star Spangled Banner which was published and sung publicly in Baltimore a few days afterwards, and soon became the national air. Fort McHenry, origi- nally a brick fort, has in later years been greatly im- proved and strengthened by earthworks. It is now pro- vided with extensive modern barracks, heavy guns, and garrisoned by several companies of artillery. The grounds are large and handsome. Every Sunday eve- ning in warm weather the band plays and the public is admitted to the open air concerts. The fort is reached by the Ferry at the foot of Broadway, and is half a mile from the Ferry landing on the Locust Point side. One historical incident may be not out of place in con- nection with historical places this centennial year. In December, 1776, on the approach of the royal troops toward the Delaware, the Continental Congress ad- journed from Philadelphia to Baltimore. The Congress met in Baltimore Dec. 20ih, 1776. They met and con- tinued in session in a spacious three-story and attic brick building which stood until a few years since on the south side of Baltimore street, from Sharp to Liberty street, now covered with extensive business establish- ments. The house belonged to Jacob Fite, and was at the time the farthest house west in the town and one ol the largest; while Washington was achieving the vic- tory at Trenton, Congress was sitting in Baltimore and taking measures to strengthen his hands. It was here that Gen. Gates came to confer w ith Congress, and on 16 THE STRAA'-GEWS GUIDE the 27ih of December, 1776, before the Congress in Bal- timore could have learned of the victory at Trenton, Gen. Washington was vested by an act passed in this city with supreiiie power for raising troops, munitions and subsistence stores, &,c , in all respects constituting hitn a dictator in the old Roman sense of the term. It was in Maryland, too, in the Senate Chamber at An- napolis, that after achieving the Independence of his country, he resigned his commission and laid down the supreme power conferred upon him at Baltimore. F'ort CarroUf an unfinished granite work rising from the middle of the Patapsco about 6 miles below the city, is a fortification on the plan of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, S. C, and of a class of milhary structures practically useless against modern ordnance. Work on Fort Carroll has been abandoned some years. Visitors are not permitted to land and the work is in charge of a Sergeant with a light keeper lor the light- house. A number of heavy guns are in the casemates. (JiKtrantuie Grounds and the Marine Hospital are located on the south side below Fort McHenry. Visit- ing not allowed. Prominent Buildings. The City Hall of Baltutiore, recently erected, is a marble palace in the Renaissance style ot archi- tecture, centrally located, covering a block of ground, bounded by Fayette, North, Lexington and HoUiday streets, on each of which there are entrances, the main one being on Holliday street, facing the east. The area of the block within the building line is 35,000 square feet. The total cost of the pile including ground and IJV BALTIMORE. 17 furniture was $2,27 J, 1 35. It is a matter of pride among Baltimoreans, that out of an appropriation of $2,500,000 to construct the City Hall, $228,865 was surplus. Seven years were occupied in the construction ot the building, and its dedication, October 25th, 1875 was among the last official acts ot" ttie Mayoralty of Hon. Joshua Van- sant, chairman of the Building Committee. The structure is four stories high, French roof with iron dome reaching 260 feet from the ground. A bal- cony 250 feet from the street affords a magnificent view of the city. Visitors are permitted to ascend to this balcony only on Mondays, from 10 A. M. to 3 P. M. A clock with four dials and a bell weighing 6,000 lbs. are in the dome which is 170 feet in circumference. All the departments of the city government are gath- ered in the building, including the Mayor's office. City Council chambers and a large public Hall for State occasions. , The first, or ground floor is occupied by the City Commissioner, Inspector of Public Buildings, Fire Commissioners, Health Department, Water Depart- ment, Police Marshall, City Detectives. On the second, or principal floor are the Mayor's Offices, City Register, Comptroller, Collector, Appeal Tax Court, School Board, Street Commissioners and Park Commissioners. The third floor is occupied by the Chambers of both Branches of the City Council; the grand Public Hall, City Library, Law Offices, Water Board, City Surveyors and Engineers. TJte Baltimore Safe Deposit Conipmiifs Building on South street, is considered one of the very lew absolutely fire and burglar proof structures in 3 18 THE STR^JYGEWS GUIDE the country. Below ground it is a building within a building, and the foundations are laid below the tide water level so as to impede mining by burglars, with a flow of Avater. The outer Avails are from three to seven feet in thickness, and the interior walls of t^e treasure and trunk vaults seven to nine feet thick. The front of the building, combining an appearance of Egyptian strength with Roman solidity of construction and modern grace, stamps the structure with individuality. The material is wholly of bricks, except some stone trimming of the I'ront, and the walls are made so strong as to remain unshaken by surrounding piles i'alling on them, or any other assaults than from heavy ordnance. The safe cost $78,000, and it is as strong as an iron Monitor, of massive and ornamental front thirty by iwenty-tive feet, and nine feet high in the clear inside, with capacity for 5,000 boxes of depositors. The mate- rial is chilled iron and steel that will resist the drill, and the weight is estimated at 500 tons. The Shot Towei', at the corner of Front and Fayette streets has stood nearly fifty years a monument to the skill of Baltimore brick layers. The foundation stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1828, by Charles Carroll of CarroUton, who, the same day laid the foun- dation stone of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The walls were built from scaffolding on the inside, and are six feet thick at the base and two feet thick at the top. From the pavement, the structure rises 21 G feet; its cir- cumference at the base is ISO feet and 51 feet at the top. Alexaiid^'OWsJkif the city residence of Mr. Thos. Winans, surrounded by a wall and located on Balti- more, Fremont and Hollins streets, is one of the notable private city residences with ornamental grounds. Ad- IJ\^ BALTIMORE. 19 joining the mansion is a Music hall, in which Mr, Winans has built a large organ on new principles. A tall chimney, towering above everything in the grounds, is part of a system of ventilation, in which valuable and practical results have been reached. The " Cigar Steamer,'' with which Mr. Winans' name has long been associated, lies at the wharf of his shipyard. Ferry Bar, South Baltimore, wh-ere the Patapsco Navy Regatta Clubs have their boat houses. The locality is reached by the South Baltimore Blue cars. T7ie Young Men's Christian Association Building, N. W. corner Chartes and Saratoga streets, is one of the most prominent buildings erected within the past few years. It is of brick, with Ohio sandstone trimmings, and is a lofty, commodious structure. The halls, reading, recreation and business rooms are on magnificent scale, and calculated to rank the structure, Avhen finished, with any similar building in any other of the larger cities. The Association has branches in all the large towns of the State. The Young 3Ien's Catholic Association have their rooms and Library at the S. E. corner of Charles and Lexington streets. They are taking steps for the erection of a fine building for their purposes. Sayview Asgluni — the almshouse — is a very note- Avorthy building. It is appropriately named on account of its magnificent situation and the charming view of the Chesapeake Bay to be had from its site. The situation is indeed most conspicuous, for it is the first object seen in approaching the harbor, and is in sight from every other point of observation in and around the city. It is a large brick pile with a dome rising from the central building, and is the home of about 650 paupers. 20 THE STR.i.yGEWS GUIDE Monuments. The If'ffsJthif/fon Monunienf, Baltimore hns merited the title of " the Monumental City," chiefly by its simple and beaulirul doric column to the "Father of his Country," which, when built between the years 1815 and JS30, stood alone a towering shaft in the midst of a noble wood, on land formerly belonging to the country seat of General John Eager Howard, and known as Howard's Park. Now the monument is in the centre of Mt. Vernon Place, one of the most beautiful localities in any city of America. The Wash- ington Monument was "erected to George Washington by the State of Maryland." It is surmounted by a statue of Washington, 16 feet high, and the whole stands 212 feet from the ground, and 280 feet above tide water. From the top, to which visitors are permitted to ascend, a beautiful view of the city may be had From the four sides of the square base of the column, grass plats radiate north, south, east and west, in the centre of Monument and Charles streets, from the inter- section of which the shaft rises beautifully. Mt. Vernon Place is a collection of magnificent dwellings, and the architectural effect of the surroundings is striking. Few American or European cities can boast of a more beauli- i'ul locality. Bdttle Monifiiienf^ erected by the city to the memory of the citizens who fell in defense of Baltimore in the war with Great Britain. It is in the centre of the city, at the head of what is known as Monument Square, (Calvert street,) in which town meetings are held. The Couit House and several large hotels are in the immediate vicinity and a hack stand is conveniently IJY BALTIMORE. 21 near. The structure is 52 feet high and is of heautilul de- sign, intended to be allegorical. The shaft surmounting the monumental structure is in the form of fasces to repre- sent strength and union. Lachrymal urns indicate the purpose of the monument, and the names of those who lost their lives are inscribed oa the entablature. The whole is crowned by a female figure representing the City of Baltimore, having a wreath of laurel in one hand uplifted. Wells and 3IcCoinas Monument, Another monument commemorative of an incident of the repulse of the British at North Point in the land attack, Sep- tember 12lh, 1814, is located at Ashland Square, formed by the intersection of Monument, Aisquith, and Gay streets. This tribute is to the memory of two youths. Wells and McComas who are said to have killed the British General Ross leading the attack. Their bones were exhumed and deposited in the Square in 1858. In 1871 the monument was erected. It is a simple marble obelisk on a square die block and pedestal, the whole about 30 feet high. Odd Felloivs^ Memorial. On Broadway, in tiie eastern section of the city, a monument stands, erected by the Odd Fellows to Thomas Wildey, a native of England who introduced the order into the United States and is regarded as the founder in this country. He established the first lodge in Baltimore in 1819. The monument was erected in 1865, a few years after his death. It is a Grecian Doric column rising from a singular pedestal, the whole 52 feet high. The figure of a woman and children surmount the column. The Poe 3Ionnmenf. The last and the least of the monuments of the city, is that erected in 1875 by 22 THE STRAJYGER'S GUIDE the Public Schools of Baltimore, to Edgar Allan Poe, the poet whose remains are buried in the Westminster Presbyterian Church yard, corner of Greene and Fayette streets. The monument is simply a pedestal or die block', with an ornamental cap, wholly of marble, resting on two marble slabs and a granite base. A medallion portrait of the poet by the sculptor Volck is chiselled on the front of the die block, and the inscription is simply *' Edgar Allan Poe; born Jan'y 20, 1S19; died Oct. V, Ls-l'J." Public Parks. Druid Hill Pcirk. The Parks of Baltnnore, as well as the Public Squares, are noted for their quiet beauty. Druid Hill Park, about two and a half miles from the centre of the city, is a Park in the true sense of the word, having herds of Deer ranging its thick green woods, and flocks of Sheep feeding on grassy hill- sides, adding pastoral beauty to the broad meadows. No one who will ride through the beautiful drives of Druid Hill Park, or stroll through its sunny lawns or quiet dells or climb its wooded hills, or rest in theshadv spots where Springs murmur, can fail to be impressed or delighted with the beauty nature has lavished on the spot. Art is not needed for embellishment. The few structures required are generally well placed and harmonize with the natural surroundings. The main approach from Madison avenue is a broad way through a Stone Gateway. Beyond the entrance is Swann Avenue, flanked with large Urns on Pedestals, from which, in summer lime, trailing vines hang and a variety of flowers grow. To the right is a Drive fifty feet wide and a mile and a lialf in length around IJV BALTIMORE. 23 Druid Lake, belonging to the City Water Works. From a white Moorish Tower at the southeast cor- ner of this lake, there is a beautiful Bay view over- looking the city, and immediately below, at the base of the hill is Mount Royal avenue, another main approach from the city. Mount Royal Reservoir, close at hand, sends forth a feathery plume from its fountain, while a Jet near the western end of Druid Lake sends up a stream 90 to 100 feet high through a five-inch nozzle, forming, when playing, one of the grandest fountains to be seen anywhere; Passing from the northern extremity of Swann avenue through the shady walks of a delightful stretch of woods to the Grand Promenade, which embellishes a Central portion of the Park, a splendid Landscape opens to the view. On both sides of the promenade is a grassy demesne, dotted with trees and merging here and there into woodland, while at the end of the promenade stands a Turkish Kiosk, encircled by statues half hidden in shrubbery, and planted boldly against a back ground of forest and hill scenery. Towards the centre of the grounds is the " Mansion House," open in the summer for Refreshments. A broad piazza runs all around the house, affording seats for rest and observation. The cupola permits a glimpse of the bay. Fountains play in front, a.id a short distance beyond is a Lake, sometimes crowded with merry parties of rowers, and in winter with skaters. In the rear of the Mansion is a beautiful walk through a long valley, in which is a Pavilion containing the nucleus of a Zoological Collection. Garrett's bridge is in one of the most picturesque spots in the Park. Near it is the Fish Hatching House, where Food 24 THE STRAA'GEIVS GUIDE Fishes in all the stages of Hatching are exposed for Public Instruction. In the north-western part of the Park, is the High Service Reservoir for supplying tlie highest city eleva- tions with water, pumped irom the Pump House near Druid Lake through underground mains into tiie recep- tacle and thence distributed. One of the most interesting spots in Druid Hill is the locality known as Tempest Hill, overlooking the valley of Jones' Falls and the Manufacturing; villa£:e of Wood- berry, where Poole &, Hunt have their Extensive Ma- chine Shops, and Cotton Duck and other Cotton Mills give employment to several thousand operatives. Wood- berry contains a thrifty population and is a collection of neat cottages and industrious inhabitants. North of this portion of the Park is spread out before the observer a rich and beautiful rolling country under cultivation. Seats are provided in all the choice spots of the Park, where the weary may rest or where the eyes of observers may delight to dwell on views and objects of interest. The numerous springs have ornamental struc- tures and statuary, generally contributed by liberal and public spirited citizens. In some of the Glades, oaks 15 feet in circumference shade the choicest resting places, and the woods generally are of fine old trees that would ennoble any park. Druid Hill contains with additions 700 acres. Origi- nally it was 475 acres, costing in 1858, $1,000 an acre. The frontage on the cast side is an unbroken line along the Northern Central Railway and the valley of Jones' Falls is a mile and a quarter. Druid Hill Park is reached from the city by Madison avenue and Pennsylvania avenue street cars. Citizen's LY BALTIMORE. 25 Line cars, Northern Central Railway Steam cars, from Calvert Depot in the cit}' to Woodberry Station, and Reisterstown road Horse cars. At Mt, Royal avenue and Madison avenue entrances. Park carriages convey visitors through the different drives and to all the points of interest. Horse cars from Boundary avenue, near the city street car termini, also carry passengers to the Park station near the Mansion. JPaftersou ParJc, in the eastern section of the city, contains some fifty-one acres of Land. It is a great popular resort, and in respect to the fine v\ew it affords of the Harbor, River and Bay, is one of the most attrac- tive spots in the city. The Water view is its distin- guishing charm. Here one may sit all the long summer afternoon under shade, and see the vessels come in and go out between the Lazaretto Light House and Fort McHenry at the Harbor's entrance, and beyond eight miles down Fort Carroll in the centre of the river, and still further beyond North Point Light House and the Bay, dotted with sails. Strictly speaking the ground is not a Park. The trees are few and generally small, affording but little shade, except from a few Catalpas. Judicious Garden- ing and engineering, however, have given the spot distinctive characteristics, and the work of improvement is continuous. On summer afternoons thousands of chil- dren play on the green grass and the lawns are covered with croquet parties. There is a Boating Lake; a Con- servatory newly erected after an ornamental design. Swings and Dancing Pavilion, and a beautiful Mall. Seats are provided in great numbers, but scarcely suffi- cient at all times to meet the wants of the crowds of people who visit the Park. A Playing Fountain, the 26 THE STRA.XGER'S GUIDE Basin of which is filled with Gold Fish, stands opposite the main entrance. The Citizens Line of sti cet cars pass the sfreat srate. &' Water Works. Until the Spring of 1874, the source of the water supply of Baltimore city was Jones' Falls and a few small tributaries, gathered at Lake Roland, and thence conveyed to storage reservoirs and distributed. The capacity of Jones' Falls in dry seasons is 15,000,000 galions daily. This came to be much below the needs of the city, and a temporary supply equal to 10,000,000 gallons daily was obtained by a pump at Meredith's Ford on the Gunpowder river, and increasing the flow of Roland Run to Lake Roland. Now a permanent supply from the Gunpowder is added to the system of water works. A dam will be erected on the Gunpowder river a short distance above Mine Bank Run, and a lake thus formed will extend up the river as far as Meredith's Ford Bridge, at the Dula- ney's Valley turnpike, where the pump house, connected with the " Temporary Supply " is located. From this lake, at the dam, the water will be brought by natural flow through a straight conduit of 12 feet internal diam- eter, and having a capacity of 170,000,000 gallons per day, to the main distributing Lake or reservoir This Lake, or reservoir, is located back of Montebello, between the Hillen and Harford roads, in a natural basin formed by one of the tributaries of Herring Run. Its waier area will be about 80 acres and the surface elevation will be ICO feet above mean tide; its storage capacity, 700,000,000 gallons. The conduit will be continued of the same size from Lake Montebello, to a point on the iJV BALTIMORE. 27 Harford road opposite Homestead, whence pipes will be laid to connect with the City pipe system at North Boundary avenue and Washington street. At present water is brought Irom Lake Roland four miles by a brick aqueduct underground, along the Falls road to Hampden Reservoir; thence by two large males through the Stop House into Druid Lake. A third main from Hampden passes through the Pump House, Druid Hill Park, into Druid Lake and is tapped for the High Service Reservoir in the Park. Druid Lake is the great distributing body of water. Mt. Royal, connected with Druid Lake by Mt. Royal avenue, is 16 feet lower than Druid Lake, and is the distributing reservoir for the lower section of the City. Hampden Reservoir is simply the feeder for Druid Lake, but can be made a supply reservoir. The High Service Reservoir in Druid Hill Park is 350 feet above tide and distributes three millions of gallons daily to the highest elevations. Druid Lake is one mile and a half around ; the em- bankment is 60 feet thick at the top and 600 feet at the base ; the greatest depth of water is 65 feet and from that to 20 feet. The storage capacity of reservoirs, &c., in present use is as follows: Lake Roland, 300,000,000 gallons ; Hamp- den, 46,000,000; Conduit, 6,000,000; Druid Lake, 520,000,000; Mt. Royal, 30,000,000; High Service Reservoir, 27,000,000; Total, 938,000,000 gallons. Utilizing Druid Hill Park with a part of the system of water works adds interesting features to the otherwise charming locality. Lakes Roland and Montebello can be reached in an afternoon's drive, and their situations in delightful and picturesque neighborhoods will well repay visitation. THE STIUAVER'S GUIDE Elevations Above Tide. Localities. Feet. Patterson Park, . . . 125 Maryland Institute, . . 5 Gay and Aisquith, . . 39 Penitentiary Gate, . . 52 Leadenhall & Stockholm sts., South Baltimore, 3 Federal Hill, .... 85 Baltimore & Light, . . G8 " " Fremont, . 05 ** " Pwcpublican, 88 Localities. Feet. Baltimore & Gilmor, . .112 " " Payson, . 186 Kichmond Market, . . 124 Washington Monument, 98 Eutaw and Madison, . 122 Fayette and Fulton, . .155 Gilmor and Preshury, . 213 Woodyear &> Presstman, 205 Druid Hill Park, highest, 300 Cemeteries. The Principal Cemeteries of Baltimore are Green- mount, on the York road j Baltimore Cemetery, on the Belair road; Mount Olivet, Western and Loudoun Park, on the Catonsville road, and Mt. ('armel on the Trappe road. Qreetiiiiounf, One of the distinguishing natural features of Greenmount is the Beautiful Mound from which it takes its name, crowned Avith an Ornamental Brown Stone Gothic Chapel, The lots are laid out with stone curbing. A beautiful diversity of hill and dale, valley and grove, affords a good basis for ornamentation; but there are parts of the Cemetery already too much crowded ^vith glaring white marble. A gray granite Mausoleum of Egyptian style of Architecture is in the Centre of the grounds. In the great congregation of IJY BALTIMORE. 29 monuments two works of Rinehart, the Maryland sculptor, whose remains repose ,in the Cemetery, are conspicuous. One of these works is a Bronze Female Figure above life size, standing on a granite pedestal, dropping- Memorial Flowers ; the other represents two Sleeping Children in marble. Both are works of genius. In all parts of the grounds the names of the noted dead of Baltimore may be seen — among them, Reverdy Johnson, Major Ringgold of Mexican War fame, and hundreds of others. On one of the Hills in the southern part of the grounds is a large Monument and Statue by the City of Baltimore to John McDonogh, who be- queathed to the city a large estate for educational pur- poses. Among the noted monuments is that of the Elder Booth the great tragedian, close to which, without any stone to designate it, is the ivy-covered grave of John Wilkes Booth. Tickets of admission are required of all who are not lot holders, and may be had at No. 53 Lex- ington street. The York road cars convey passengers within thirty feet of the main entrance and wicket. To the west of this is the Institution for the Blind. lialthnore Cemetevij is reached by the Gay street Red Line of cars. This burial place is at the north- eastern boundary of the city on an elevated situation. The Office of the Cemetery is at No. 8 South street. Mount Olivet Ceiiieteri/ is situate about 2 miles west of the city on the Frederick road, and from its ele- vated position commands an excellent view of the city and bay. Western Cemetery is located about 1 1 miles west of the city on the margin of Gwynn's Falls, and is reached by way of West Baltimore street extended. 4 30 . THE STR^.XGER'S GUIDE Loudoun JPark Ceineterij is three miles from Baltimore, reached by the Catonsville horse cars. The grouQcIs are well wooded with large trees, laid out in drives, and affords some magnificent views of the city harbor, bay, and the charming valley between the city and the Cemetery. Jn Loudoun Park are in- terred ihe remains of Confederate Soldiers, transferred from distant battle fields of Gettysburg, Antietam, Sec, or who died in Prison, A commemorative Statue occu- pies the centre of the rows of dead. The remains of 1,646 Union Soldiers are also interred in a Reserva- tion in another part of the Cemetery. Both spots are on "Memorial Days" the scene of the annual ceremony of Strewing Flowers, &c. Two of Rinehart's works in marble are among the notable Monuments of Loudoun Park, representing the Scriptural Declaration: "I am the Resurrection and the Life." The Office of the Cemetery is No. 19^ South street. The New Cathvdval Cenicferijf (Bonny Brae,) is located on the Old Frederick road. From the western part of this Cemetery one of the best views of the city may be had. The Cemetery is beautifully laid out. Suburban Drives. The ridges of hills surrounding P)altimore shelter the city, and with the influence of the water combine to jrive it the fine climate which is its characteristic. Numerous delightful drives on excellent roads may be found in every direction. On the eastward^ Shell Roads are much used for pleasure driving. Numerous Pavilions and Excursion Grounds as far down as North Point, and what is called Ijy BALTIMORE. 31 " the Neck" attract pleasure seekers and fishing parties. The Philadelphia road East Fayette street extended, leads to Herring Run Trotting Course. North Point Battle-field is a pleasant ride from Balti- more via Philadelphia road, turning out on the Trappe road southwardly. North Point by land is fifteen miles from Baltimore. At the Monument House Inn, seven miles down, is a small monument erected to the memory of those who fell in defense of Baltimore in 1814. Near Numsen's Gate, a large tree is shown under which the British General Ross was killed by the youths, Wells and McComas. Oil the north-east, the Harford road, Aisquith street extended, leading to Belair through suburban vil- lages and a thickly settled and beautiful stretch of coun- try. One of the largest and finest estates on the road is Clifton, belonging to the Johns Hopkins University and formerly the country seat of the founder. Monte- bello the large estate of John W. Garrett is opposite Chfton and extends along the Hillen road. Horse cars run on the Harford road from the City Hall and North street to Darley Park Pleasure Grounds and to Hall's Springs, three and a half miles, a popular resort. Gay street extended is also a road to Belair, Har- ford county. The Red Line street cars pass a number of Breweries, Beer Gardens and Pleasure Resorts of German citizens. Among the chief of these resorts is the Schuetzen Park, which possesses Shooting Ranges, Bowling Alleys and other amusements. The York lioad, due north to Towsontown, the County Seat of Baltimore county, seven miles, is almost a continuous village. Horse cars leave the corner ot Holliday and Baltimore streets. On the line are some 32 THE STRJ.XGER'S GUIDE of the finest country seats in Maryland, including Guildford, the splendid estate of Mr. A. S. Abell, two miles from the city limiis, extending westwardly from the York road to Charles street avenue. The trip on one of the " Double-Deck " cars affords a view of Waverly, Homewood, and Govanstown villages near by, and a country thickly dotted with villas, stately mansions, wooded hills, and cultivated fields. The rise of the ground is steady and a Bay view may be had from the road. Towsontown has two good Hotels and numerous Summer Boarding Houses. Charles street avenue on the north, is a fashion- able drive. This road, running nearly parallel with the York road is a broad avenue, and has in sight many manors and fine estates. Notre Dame Convent and School, is one of the most commanding situations near Baltimore, three miles from the city, and the Shepherd Asylum near Towsontown are among the most conspicu- ous buildings. The estates of Samuel H. Adams, David M. Ferine, William H. Perot, and others, are among the finest country seats on the Charles street avenue. On the north-ivestf where Pennsylvania avenue and Madison avenue street cars converge, Pimlico and Pikesville Horse cars continue on to Pimlico Race Course. Here the Maryland Jockey Club Spring and Fall Meet- ino-s are Turf events. The country is high and Pimlico is on a broad plateau. The Race Course is improved by a fine Club House, Grand Stand, extensive Stables, and other structures for the combined purposes of Agri- cultural Exhibitions and Jockey Club Meetings. The Reisterstown road leads to Pikesville and the old United States Arsenal. • IJV BALTIMORE. 33 The Falls JRoad, Along the valley of Jones' Falls, on what is known as the Falls road, are many attractive spots. The road passes near Woodberry, Hampden village and Reservoir, along the covered con- duit line east of Mount Washington to Lake Roland. The two latter places, comprising charming and delight- ful views, are among the most interesting of Baltimore suburban localities, and are reached by the Northern Central Railway. Mount JVashiiigton is laid out regularly along the slope and summit of the ridge facing the east. Its elevation, purity of air and accessibility trom the city make it a charming Summer residence and temporary resort. It is also the seat of some fine Schools for young ladies. Uifjhland JParlx^ a suburb of handsome villas on regularly laid out avenues, commands a sweeping and magnificent view of the Bay and the intervening city.. This elevation is one of the highest, close to the city. It is reached by driving out Franklin street west, or by the Baltimore, Calverton and Powhattan Horse cars. Highland Park Hotel, open in Summer, is furnished in a style of great elegance. The Franklin road, in this neighborhood, is a delightful drive in view of some fine estates, including the Crimea, belonging to Mr. Thomas Winans. Windsor Heights, on the Old Windsor Mill road, is a delightful locality reached by the Calverton and Pow- hattan horse railway = The village of Franklin and the Western suburbs may be reached by horse cars from the Western terminus of the Red line of street cars. The Catonsville Horse cars carry passengers from West Baltimore street extended, to Catonsville and Elli . 4* 34 THE STR^jXGFAVS GUIDE cott city. The ride is in view of numerous summer residences, villages, &c. Mount De Sales, Academy for young ladies, conducted by the Sisters of the Visitation, occupies the highest point of the Catonsville range of hills, known as Hunting Ridge. The town itself is a charming summer residence with a refined and cultivated society. Mt. De Sales is probably on as great an elevation as Alt. Washington, and the school is well worth a visit. Ellicott city beyond is reached by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and is the seat of some of the largest Flouring Mills in the country. It is also one of the oldest towns in Maryland. The Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Spring Grove, is near Catonsville. Between Mt. De Sales and Baltimore lie numerous institutions, including the Passionists Monastery, oppo- site Loudoun Park, St Agnes' Hospital and St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys. Calverton, close to the city, is a thriving^ suburb, thick with drove yards, curled hair factories and flouring mills. Gwynn's Falls is crossed by a bridge, and on the hill west of the stream is the House of Refuge, a Reforma- tory Institution for Boys, a massive stone pile. Southwardly from Baltimore there are beautiful drives over Ferry Bar Bridge, across the Patapsco into Anne Arundel County. The Bridge affords a delightful Water view. The turnpike to Washington city is out Colum- bia street, south Baltimore. Educational Institutions. Public and individual contributions have for half a century been earnestly directed towards general educa- tion in the city, and Students will, in a few years, find in IJV BALTIMORE. 35 Baltimore opportunities for higher cultivation not excelled by any other city on the American continent. Already the educational institutions of Baltimore rank high. The city has in 1876 as many as 125 Public Schools, 706 teachers and 45.565 pupils, costing over $600,000 a year for maintenance. The number of schools for colored children is fifteen, in charge of sixty-eight white teachers, and_comprising 3,562 pupils. There are six English-CTcr- man Schools in which the German language is taught in connection with English branches. These schools are among the largest in the city. The United States sloop-of-war .Tuniata is at present stationed in the harbor for Nautical School purposes and training enlisted boys as seamen for the United Slates Naval Service. The school is already large. Primary, Grammar and a few Evening Schools form the basis of the system of public instruction. At the head of these is Baltimore City College for young men, and two Female High Schools for voung women. Drawing and designing is taught in all the public schools, and music to a certain extent. Added to the public schools maintained at the city's expense are twenty or more large and flourishing Catho- lic Male and Female Parochial Schools, with Colleges and Academies under different Religious orders. There are besides numerous Private Schools, Young Ladies' Semi- naries, &€., which are largely patronized from the South. For the education of Public School Teachers there is a Normal School with 147 pupils. A Normal School for the education of Catholic Parochial School Teachers has been organized also in connection with the Institu- tion conducted by tlie Sisters of the Holy Cross, near Lafayette Square. 36 THE STRAAVER'S GUIDE The State Normal School BuiUJhig, one of the finest structures, architecturally, in the city, is located at the northwest corner of Lafayette Square. The build- ing is of brick and Ohio sand-stone trimmings, with a lofty spire and conspicuous slate roof. It fronts 120 feet on Carrollton avenue and 105 leet on Townsend street. The tower at the corner of the two fronts is 20 feet square at the base and rises 175 feet. The ventila- tion of the building is the most complete of all the many educational institutions of the city. There are 240 pupils in attendance at the State Nor- mal School. The number of graduates since 1865, when the School was organized, has been over 200. Each County in the State is entiiled to two students for each of its representatives in the General Assembly. The law requires the appointees to be not less than 16 years of age for young women and not less than 17 years of age for young men. A limited number of other pupils are taken on payment of tuition. The main object of the School is to give professional training to those who intend to become teachers. TJte MfU'ifhaid Institute^ for the Promotion of Mechanic Arts, is one ot the older institutions of Balti- more, in the grade of special cultivation. Its objects are the general diffusion of Knowledge, and especially In- struction in the Arts. It is located on Baltimore street in the centre of the city, over the Centre Market. The building is 350 feet long by 60 wide and three stories high, fronting on Baltimore street. For a long time the Institute Ha>l was, and is yet to a great extent, the great popular gathering place. The Maryland Institute has performed a noble mission in the advancement of Mechanic Arts and in the instruc- L\ BALTIMORE. 37 tion of arlizans. Its Library is open every day. Its departments include a School of Practical Chemistrv, School of Design for males and females, an Educational Department in which women are taught Book-Keeping and to be Accountants, Music Schools which are largely attended, Public Lectures during the winter and Indus- trial Expositions annually until within the past year or so. New life will be infused into the exhibitions after this year, when every thing in this line is directed to the Philadelphia Centennial. The membership of the Mary- land Institute in prosperous years has averaged 2,500 to 3,000 members. The JPeahody Institute at the south-east corner of Charles and Monument streets, occupies a higher plane in ihe scale of public education. It was founded in 1857 by George Peabody, Avho had the pleasure of witnessing the inauguration of his generous plans for Baltimore in common with so many broad, benevolent inspirations in other cities. The Peabody Institute is a white marble structure, containing a large Lecture and Concert Hall, Library and Offices. The Conservatory of Music and Art Gallery is now being built as part of the orginal design, on Monument street adjoining the present struc- ture. There are four departments of the Institute, viz : 1st. Library, 58,000 volumes, chiefly standard works of reference for students and scholars. Open daily from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. except Sundays. The Reading Room and books are free to all. Books are not allowed to be taken out. 2d. Lectures, including the latest discoveries in science, and comprising about one hundred every year at nominal prices for the course. These lectures have 38 THE S TRAKGER'S G UIDE heretofore covered the best fields and have been bv specialists in their different departments. 3d. Conservatory of Music. Instruction is given to more advanced students by a select corps of teachers as to theory and execution, vocal and instrumental at exceed- ingly low rates. A popular feature of this department is the orchestra of over fifty performers, and twelve or more concerts yearly for public instruction and enter- tainment. 4th. The Gallery of Art. This department has not yet been opened. The nucleus of a collection has been Ibrmed. One of the conspicuous attractions in the Institute adjoining the reading room"is a beautiful statue of Clytie by Rinehart. The Venus with shell and a bust of Pocahontas are also on exhibition. The Clytie is considered the masterpiece of Rinehart and one of the finest works of art in Baltimore. It was a gift to the Peabody Institute by Mr. John W. McCoy. The Halthnore City College, which is the head of the city public school system has the names of 450 students on its roll for 1876, with eleven teachers or pro- fessors. The College building is on North Howard street near the Academy of Music. The structure is in what is known as the Collegiate Gothic style of architecture. Its outline is well broken and relieved ; the fagade is flanked on each side by a turret with a gable in the centre, relieved by a bay window on two of the three stories above the basement. A drinking Ibuntain is placed at the base of the buttress. Entrance porches are on each side of the centre. The main tower is 110 feet high. The interior is admirably arranged for school purposes. A Free Pgblic School Library for students and teachers has been founded in the College building:. IJV BALTIMORE. 39 The Schools of Medicine, &c. TJie University of Maryland and Washing- ton Univei^sity are known throughout the country. Every year large classes of graduates receive diplomas here. Within the past few years the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons has also been added to this depart- ment of special instruction. The Maryland University School, at the corner of Lom- bard and Greene streets, has been in operation many years. Connected with it is an extensive hospital. Washington University tias also a large hospital corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets. Law School of the University of Maryland, 32 Mulberry street, ranks high as a Law School. The fTohns Hoi^Mns University, endowed by a gift of over three million dollars from Johns Hopkins of^Baltimore, (who died December 24th, 1873.) is now beinir organized and will receive its faculty and students in the autumn of 1876. Temporary class-rooms, a public lecture-room, a hbrary and reading-room, and physical, chemical and biological laboratories, have been provided in North Howard street, near the City College and the Academy of Music. The permanent site of the University is expected to be at Clifton, the founder's estate, on the Harford road, two miles from the centre of the city. At the outset the literary and scientific faculty will be instituted; the medical and law faculties will follow later. The staff will include at first a President, eight or ten professors, ten non-resident lecturers, several associate instructors, and ten " Fellows," selected from various parts of the country. Twenty-five fr€e scholar- ships have also been instituted, twenty of which are 40 THE STRAA^GEWS GUIDE restricted to candidates from Maryland, Virginia, and Nortii Carolina, and five are open by competition to students from any place. The foundation is free from political and ecclesiastical control. TIte Johns Hoplxins Hospital, founded also by a gift of over three million dollars, from Johns Hop- kins, will be built on Broadway, corner of Monument street, — the selected site embracing fourteen acres. The Trustees are now elaborating the plans of the structure, having- secured extended papers from five professional writers which have been published in a volume entitle *' Hospital Plans." It is expected that the foundations will be laid in the autumn of 187G. The hospital, when constructed, will be for all classes of cases, except those afflicted with contagious or mental disease. In its de- velopment the Hospital will include a Dispensary, a Training School for Nurses, and a Convalescent Hos- pital. It will also be connected with the Medical Department of the Johns Hopkins University. TJie Johns HopJcins Colored Oyph