» I'APER COVERS, 40 CENTS. CLOTH COVERS, 60 CENTS. T S <\oo 1889. 1890. "^^m^^M METALS w SOUTHERN AND WESTERN EDITION A.B.&W.T.WESTERVELT, 102 Chambers Street, Corner Church Street, NEW YORK, — MANUFACTURERS OF — Onamtil Ira, Copper ail Zinc Work. COPPER WEATHER TAKES AM BAMERETS, NEWEST AND MOST APPROVED DESIGNS. (Men Vases. EATOABY. Chairs and Settees. TO0GHT AND CAST IRON RAILINGS. DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS* PLAIN AND OMENTAL Driveway Gates. WIRE WORK of every description for Banks, Offices, &c. TABLES. IRON AND BRASS BEDSTEADS. COPPER AND GALVANIZED IRON LIGHTHIM RODS. CAST IRON Crestings, Finals, AND Bannerets, For Houses, Churches, Tow«rc and Public Buildings. Lamps^LampPosts. FOUNTAINS. AQ UARI A. FOUNTAIN JETS. Mi anil Horse Lam Mowers anil Garta Rollers. GALVANIZED RAILINGS EOR CEMETERY ENCLOSURES. Emblematic Signs for Various Trades. Iron Brass antl Nickel Plated Stale Mttinp, such as ...^iiij^illililllllllllll^ Hosks, Tie Rings. Water Troughs, Wood Covered Brackets, Whip Racks, &c. &c Special attention given to Architects' Drawings. Illustrated Catalogues furnished to Architects, Builders, and the Trade. Office & Warerooms, 102 CHAMBERS ST., cor. Church, New Yoik. Guards, Mangers, Racks, Gutters, Posts, Paper Covers 40 cts. Cloth Covers 60 cts, "MULTUM IN PARVO." Hhndy Notes op Queries. A MANUAL OF USEFUL INFORMATION. OF ESPECIAL IMPORTANCE TO DEALERS IN Hardware, Stoves and Tinware, MACHINISTS', GAS-FITTERS' AND PLUMBERS' MATERIALS, AS WELL AS THE VAEIOUS WORKERS IN USEPUL METALS. -INCLUDING ALSO- A NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL PAGES, Giving Information of a More General Character. COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES BY -MiWl i NEW YOBK : HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade St. 1889. Entered according to act of Congress by Henry Hopkins & Co. in the year 1889 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. The Compiler of this Manual of Useful Information can be communicated with at the following address: Hmry HOPKffiS,T^. \ P. O. Box 1219, NEW YORK. REPRESENTING Sole Agents for Middle and Southern States for NASHUA LOCK CO., Locks and Builders' Hardware, NASHUA, N.H. LOCKWOOD MFC. CO., Locks and Builders' Hardware, SOUTH NORWALK, CONN. KEAN & DOTY MFC. CO. Door Knobs, etc., CLEVELAND, O. DIBBLE MFC. CO., " Hemacite " Knobs, TRENTON, N.J. N. E. BUTT CO., PROVIDENCE. R.I. Chicago Sewing Machine Co., Registers and Ventilators, CHICAGO, ILL. H. B. IVES & CO., Door Bolts and Sash Locks, NEW HAVEN, CONN. NILES MFC. CO., Double-Acting Spring Hinges, CHICAGO, ILL. BROOKLYN LOCK CO., Locks and Latches, BROOKLYN, N. Y. Woodrough & Clemson, Saws of All Kinds, BOSTON, MASS. A. C. PECK & CO., Axes and Edge Tools, COHOES, N. Y. C. J. KIMBALL A SON, Shoe, Bread and Factory Knives, BENNINGTON, N.H. Henry Cheney Hammer Co., Solid C. S. Hammers, LITTLE FALLS, N. Y. Coryell Flint Paper Co., WILLIAMSPORT, PA. ARCADE FILE WORKS, Files and Rasps, SING SING, N.Y. SOUTHWARK SCALE CO., Tea, Counter and Union Scales, PHILADELPHIA, PA. M. EINWACHTER, Mechanics' Tools and Specialties, NEWARK, N.J. HAMBLIN Sl RUSSELL MFC. CO., Standard Wire Coat and Hat Hooks, WORCESTER, MASS. REPRESENTATIVES OF AMERICAN SCREW CO., PROVIDENCE, R. I. NOS. 97 AND 99 READE STREET, aSTE-W TOBK. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. Page. AMERICAN MACHINE CO.— Cream Freezers and Ice Chippers 46 BARNES, W. F. & J O H N -Foot-Power Machinery 86 BISHOP, A. W. -Horse Pokes 88 BISSELL CARPET SWEEPER CO.-Carpet Sweepers only 40 BRUCE &. COOK.— Metals and/Tinners' Supplies 94 BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK.— For Hardware Dealers 29 BELL, JOHN W. &. CO.— Gal vaniz ad Wire Eave-Trmgh Hanger 98 CATSKILL RECORDER. -Printing of all kinds 8 CHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN CO. -Hog Kings and Ringers 74 CHICAGO SEWING MACH I NEiCO. -Registers and Ventilators 2 CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO. -Spring Butts and Hinges 18 CHICAGO SPRING BUTTJCO.— Engine House Spring Hinges 134 COXHEAD, JOHN F.-Saw.Vises and Saw Sets 42 CORYELL FLINT PAPER CO. -Flint and Emery Paper 2 COOPER, HEWITT & C O. -Iron Wire, &c SO DALES, CHAS. B.— Hardware Specialties and Tools 4 DARBY, EDWARD &. SONS.— Ornamental Wire Work 108 EDWARD STORM SPRINCICO. -Dumb Waiters 48 EMPIRE PORTABLE FORGE1CO.— Forges and Empire Window Pulleys.. 132 EMPIRE WRINGER CO.— Clothes Wringers and Dryers 34 EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO.— Woven Fire and Garden Hose 26 EDWARD STORM SPRING CO. -Cannon's Nail Sets 42 FERDINAND, L. W. & CO.— Yacht, Canoe and Boat Hardware 50 G E I C E R, J .—Kettle Stand for various uses 102 GEICER & BUSH.— Hand Hammered Copper Kettles, Ac 102 GILBERT &. BENNETTIMANFC. CO.— Poultry Netting and Wire Cloth . . 14 CLEASON & ALLEN.— Eagle Washer|Cutters 44 GRAHAM, J. H. &, CO.— Manufacturers' Agents 20 CRIFFINCS SONS, H. B. SL CO.— Agricultural Implements 138 GUYON, C. F. &. CO.— Manufacturers' Agents 2 HAMMOND, B .— " Slug Shot " and Cottage Colors 38 HARDER, Ml NARD. -Threshing Machines 88 HEAD'S IRON FOUNDRY.— Patent Whiffletree Hooks 64 HOLBROOK BROTHERS.— Plate and Window GUss 130 HOPKINS, HENRY. -Hard ware. 2 HOPKINS, HENRY & C6.— Printing, Engraving and E'ectrotyping 100 HIRAM HOLT CO. -Lightning;Hay Knives 32 HYNDMAN, W. C. & C O. -Iron Roofing, Siding, &c 12 HOW TO KEEP A STORE 18 IVES, HOBART B. & CO.— " Burglar Proof "Sash Locks 44 JENNINGS, C. E. &, CO.— Mechanics' Tools and Hardware Specialties 4 JENNINGS & GRIFFIN MANFC. CO.-Britannia Spoons, &c 4 (of HENRY HOPKINS & CO.) REPRESENTING C. E. JENNINGS & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Mechanics' Tools Hardware Specialties. OFFICE AND WAREROOM : 79 Rehde up 97 Bhibeiis Sis., NJE1"W FACTORIES ■ C. E. JENNINGS & CO., CHESTER, CONN. JENNINGS & GRIFFIN M'FG CO., YALESVILLE, CONN., AND HINSDALE, N. H. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued. Page. JOHNSTON, H. M . -Standard Kalsomine 38 JONES, JESSE Si CO.— Wood Shelf Boxes for Hardware 46 JUDD, H. L. — Upholsterers' Hardware and Specialties 6 LANE BROS.— Bam Door Hangers and Measuring Faucets 142 LEE, JESSE 6l SONS.— Horse and Toilet Clippers 62 LOCKWOOD MANFC. CO.— Locks, Knobs and Builders' Hardware 2 MALTBY, HENLEY A, CO.-Giant Nail Pullers 84 MAXWELL, JOHN & CO. -Bird Cages 98 MEDFORD FANCY GOODS CO.— Dog Collars and Furnishings 32 MONTACUE-WOODROUCH SAW CO. -The "B. M. T." Patent Saws.... 22 MORSE, WILLIAMS & CO. -Hoists and Elevators 14 METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL WO RKS.-Agricul. Implements. 138 MILLERS FALLS CO.— Star Hack, Butcher and Bracket Saws Cover pp. 4 NASHUA LOCK C O. -Locks, Knobs, &c 2 NEW ENGLAND BUTT CO. -Cast Iron Butts 2 NEW HAVEN STAPLE WORKS. -Wrought Iron Staples 134 NORTHAMPTON CUTLERY C O. -Table Cutlery, &c 36 NORTHFIELD KNIFE CO. -Pocket Cutlery 76 ONDERDONK, R.— Lemon Squeez9rs, &c 34 ON THE ROAD TO RICHES.-ByW. H. Maher 86 PALMER MANUFACTURING CO. -Brass and Copper Specialties 16 PARAGON NOVELTY CO.— Speed Indicators and General Hardware 50 PECK, A. G. .^2st:d Shoulder Hooks, ^fr ■ Wire Goods Screw Eyes, Screw Hooks. Gate and Cornice Hooks and Eyes, &arden Eyes, Carpet Pins. Coatand Hat Pins and Hooks, TOWEL BARS, DRAWER PULLS. Perfected Wire Sash and Clothes Lines Rust-Proof, Flexible as Cord and Much More Durable. FLOWER POT, LAMP AND SHELF BRACKETS, CHANDELIER AND BIRD CAGE HOOKS, ETC., ETC. QUOTATIONS ON APPLICATION. STANDARD GOODS, - LOWEST PRICES. 87-89 ClianxlDers JSt., Nexe Yorli. The Following New or Reconstructed Pages are Published for the First Time in the Southern and Western Edition. Page. BLOCK TIN PIPE.-Weighttofoct 69 BOXES AND SCREWS for Solid Box Vis?s, dimensions of 58 BOILER RIVETS.— Sizes and number in a keg 119 BREAKING STRAIN of various materials 113 BRASS ESCUTCHEON PINS.-Number to a pound 126 CAPACITY OF CISTERNS, TANKS, etc 143 CAST IRON BALLS.-Weight of 69 COPPER RIVETS AND BURS AND SOLDERING COPPERS 51 CUT NAILS —Extra prices of , above base price 82 CUT NAILS AND TACKS. -Number to a pound 49 DIMENSIONS OF VARIOUS MEASURES OF CAPACITY HI ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of various bodies 45 FANNING MILL CLOTH.-Mesh, gauges and sizes 80 GALVANIZED SHEET IRON.-New computations 120 GAUGES OF WIRE BRADS 49 GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS 123 HEADS FOR BOLTS.-Standard sizes of 71 HOOP IRON.— Wire giuge and waight to foot 113 IRON AND STEEL TIRE. -Weight of to eel 69 IRON COLUMNS.— Sizes and Comparative Strength Ill INTEREST LAWS AND STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS 33 LA C S C R E WS .—Weight of 100, an y size 123 MACHINE BOLTS AND BOLT ENDS.-Weight of 100, any size 124 NON-CONDUCTIVITY of various coverings 45 OVAL SLIDE AND SOLID BOX VISES. -Sizes, etc £8 ROOF COVERINGS.— WeiRht of various kinds 61 ROOFING SLATES.— Quantity of in any number of squares 135 ROUND AND OVAL HEAD RIVETS.-Weight of 93 RULES FOR ORDERING Metals or Wire 51 RULES FOR MEASURING Contents of Cisterns, &c 143 SASH WEIGHTS.— Weight and dimensions of 129 SEAMLESS BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC TUBING •••• 106 " COPPER TUBINC.-Iron Pipe sizes 119 SHEET COPPER.— Gutter and Boiler sizes 101 ** " Sheathing s'zes 112 SHRINKAGE OF CASTINCS.-Table of allowance 93 SLATE ROOFING.— Standard Rules for Measuring 135 SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGHT of various substances 43 STANDARD WIRE NAILS.-Len^ths and gauges of 83 STEEL CROWBARS.-Sizes and weight of 112 TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. -Sizes, weight and strength. .. 78 THE METRIC SYSTEM of Weights, etc., converted into English 41 WIRE BALE TIES.— Gauges, sizes and uses 92 WIRE HOISTING ROPE.-Sizep, No. 's, Strength, etc 91 7 Handy Notes and Queries Has been printed for three successive years by the Jobbing Department of the the Leading Weekly Newspaper of the ^^ Upper Hudson Valley. The Recorder is one of the best advertising mediums in the State for all goods of a general character. ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL PRINTING. Address THE RECORDER, Catskill, N. Y. If you wish to receive Bot- tom Prices when Writing to Advertisers for Catalogues, just mention having seen the advertisement in Hopkins' Handy Notes and Queries. ■,■■••- ■ ■ .,.,,F Designing ^ rLNCRAVING Carroll JLPostJr. Machinery CATALOGUE. «1 Front St., BROOKLYN, N.Y. CONTElSiTS.-Continued. Page. IRON, SHEET RUSSIA.— Weight to square foot and per sheet 127 ** ** Wire Gauge and number compared 127 * * AMERICAN. —Wire Gauge, weight and size in current use 1 27 ** GALVANIZED.— Weight per sheet and square foot 120 " " Price per square foot at various discounts... 120 WIRE .—Gauge, Diameter and Breaking Strain 77 " Length in a bundle and 1 cwt 77 " Weight of 100 yards and 1 mile 77 ' * Sizes expressed in fractions of an inch 77 * * Sizts expressed in decimals of an inch 80 KETTLES, BR ASS. -Weight and capacity of 103 LAC, OR WOOD SCREWS.— Weight of 100 each size 123 L A P" W ELDED TUBES .—Sizes and dimensions of 122 LAWS, BUSINESS.— I" every-day use 24-25 LEAD PIPE.— Standard weights of 109 " SHEET.— Weights to square foot 121 * ' B A R.— Weights to lineal foot 121 LIGHTNING ROD TUBES.— Weight of Copper and Zinc to foot , 106 LINEAL OR SURVEYORS' MEASURE. -Table of 35 LIQUID MEASURE. -Table of 37 LIST OF STANDARD THREADS on Bolts and Nuts 69 LONG MEASURE. -Table of 35 MACHINE BOLTS.— Number in 100 lbs 124 MANDRELS, CIRCULAR SAW.-Standard sizes 61 MATHEMATICAL RULES. -Some useful ones 110 MEASURES OF CAPACITY.-Table of dimensions of 141 METALS.— Rules for computing the weight of 110 ' * Weight of, per cubic inch and foot , 43 * * Relative malleability of 79 ' * Relative gravity of 79 11 AND ALLOYS.— Specific gravity and weight of 43 METRIC (MICROMETER) CALIPER.-Decimal equivalents for its use... 57 METRIC SYSTEM converted to English Standards 41 MILL SAWS.— Standard gauges in inches 61 MOLASSES GATES.— Diameter and bore of each No 65 NAILS, CUT.— Derivation of word " Penny " 49 * ' Number of each to pound or keg 49 ' * Prices of all extras above 1 Od. rate 82 HORSE SHOE.— Standard length and number in each pound 59 WIRE .—Approximate number in pound 87 * * Differences in prices above standard 82 * * Standard, dimensions of each size 83 " Standard gauges, No. and length 83 " AND SPIKES.— Length and number of each in a pound 85 NON-CONDUCTIVITY of Various Coverings for Steam use 45 NUTS, WROUGHT.— Dimensions of all regular sizes 70 ** " Number of each size in keg 70 OIL WELL CASING.— Standard sizes and weight 122 OVAL SLIDE VISES.— Size of screws, weight and length of jaws 58 PIPE, BLOCK TIN.— Standard weights of 69 " LEAD, AND TIN-LI NED. -Standard weights of 109 " CAS, WELDED.— Weight and dimensions of 122 17 CHICAGO SPRING BUTT. CHICAGO BLANK BUTT. THE MOST POPULAR LINE OF WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. MANUFACTURED BY CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO Lake and Union Sts,, Chicago. Jap'd Pair. $1.20 1.50 2.50 4.00 7.00 10.00 21 Nickel Plated, Pair. $3.00 8.75 5.50 7.50 10.00 14.00 Bronze Plated. Pair. $3.00 3 75 5.50 7.50 10.00 14.00 Real Bronze, Pair. $8.50 9.50 12.00 20.00 30.00 39.00 51 Brass Pair. $8.50 9.50 12.00 20.00 30.00 39.00 % to 1 in. 1>8 to 1& in. 1% tol^ in. 1% to 2 in. 2M to 2% in. 1% to 3% in. Jap'd, Pair. $0.60 0.75 1.25 2.00 3.50 5.00 Nickel Plated. Pair. $1.50 1.88 2.75 3.75 5.00 6.50 43 Real Bronze. Pair. $4.25 4.75 6.00 10.00 15.00 19.50 53 Brass Pair. $4.25 4.75 6.00 10.00 15.00 19.50 HOW TO KEEP A STORE. BTT S. ZE3I. TERRY. 406 Pages, - 5x7 1-2 Inches. This book should be in the hands of everyone interested in the selling of goods at retail. Among the subjects discussed are : The selection of a business ; Choice of a locality ; Buying a stock of goods; Examining, marking and arranging goods; How to advertise ; Employment of clerks ; Selling for cash and credit ; Keeping accounts ; Expenses ; Copartnerships ; Losses by fire, theft, etc. ; Influences of social life on business ; Buying at auc- tion; Investment of profits; Insolvency; Business qualifications. Every branch of the retail trade is treated upon in a direct, bus- iness-like manner. It is a thoroughly practical book for merchants and clerks. PRICE, $1.50. Sent prepaid, on receipt of prise, by HENRY HOPKINS I CO,, 99 Reade St„ N, 7, Including a Copy of "Handy Notes and Queries" as a Premium. CONTENTS -Continued. Page. PICKS, R. R. AND MINING. -Standard weights of 63 PLAT E I RO N .—Weight to square foot 118 PLATES, IRON, STEEL, COPPER, BR ASS. -Weight to square foot.. 105 *' TIN.— Wire gauge, weight, name, etc 95 POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES 28 POWDER, ATLAS.— Marks, qualities, etc 137 " SPORTING AND MINING. -Marks and qualities 137 QUANTITIES.-A table of 35 RAILROAD SPIKES.— Number of each size in 100 lbs 52 ** ** Number needed to mile of track 55 RAILS, SPLICES AND BOLTS. -Squired per mile of track 125 RECIPES FOR MAKING SOLDERS 99 VARIOUS CEMENTS 30 RIVETS AND BURS, COPPER.— Number of each in a pound 103 ** BOILER, ** BURDENS. "-Number of each size in a keg 119 " ROUND OR OVAL HEAD.-Number in a pound 93 RODS, STEEL, ** STUBS."— Nos. expressed in divisions of an inch 80 ROOF COVERINGS.— Weight of, per square 51 ROOFING SLATE.— Size of and number to a square 133 M TIN.— Cost of, with 14x20 tin 96 ,- " Cost of, with 20x28 tin 97 ROPE, MAN ILA. -Weight per 100 fathoms 53 " " Weight per 100 fathoms of Tarred and Hawser laid 55 M " Breaking strength of each size 55 " ** Number of feet to a pound of each size 55 " WIRE.— Diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 RULES TO BE OBSERVED.— In ordering Metal or Wire 82 " " '* In computing Slates for Roofing 135 " * * " In ordering Circular Saws 61 •? " " In tempering Steel 128 FOR COMPUTING WEIGHT of Metals 110 •■ ** OBTAINING " of Grindstones 39 TO CALCULATE ANY PERCENTAGE of interest 31 RUST CEMENT for Iron 30 RUSSIA SHEET IRON.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 127 SAFETY FUSE.— Qualities and burning periods 137 * ' * * Quantity packed in each barrel 137 SASH.— Sizes and dimensions of 129 SAWS, CIRCULAR AND MILL.-Standard gauges of each 61 " ** ■•' " Directions for ordering 61 SASH WEIGHTS.— Length and thickness of each size 129 SCREENS, COAL.— Size of mesh required 80 SCREWS, LAC OR WOOD.— Weight of 100 each size :... 123 SCREW THREADS.-Standard, for Nuts, etc 69 SCROLL IRON.— Number of feet in a bundle 113 SEED.— Quantity usually sown to an acre 139 ** Quantity required for given number of plants 139 SHEET COPPER.— Weight per Bquare foot, and thickness by English gauge 101 " ** Weight of each sheet 101 " " AND BRASS.— Heavy, weight in pounds 104 LEAD 121 " ZINC— Weight to sheet and square foot 121 19 JOHN H. GRAHAM. WM. A. GRAHAM. JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO,, ESTABLISHED 1870. HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS. All Goods at Factory Prices. P.-O. Box 1042. 113 Chambers St. and 95 Ken tie St., New York. A GENTS AS FOLLOWS : AMERICAN MACHINE CO., Freezers, Wringers, Fiuting Machines, &c. LANE BROS., Grocers' Coffee Mills, Self-MeasuriDg Fau- cets and Lane's Hangers and Track. HENRY DISSTON & SONS, Saws, Tools, Files, &c. HARTFORD HAMMER CO., Hammers Forged from Solid Cast Steel. NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., Cast Steel Augers and Bits, &c. AUBURN TOOL CO., Bench and Fancy Planes, all kinds. GEORGE M. EDDY & CO., Measuring Tapes. Largest line in the world. LORING & PARKS, Tacks and Rivets. HOBART B. IVES & CO., Sash Locks, Door Bolts, &c. QUEEN ANNE SCREEN CO., Extension Screens, Window Sticks and Corners, &c. BARTON BELL CO., Hand, House, Car and Sheep Bells, Sleigh Bells, &c. DOUBLE-POINTED TACK CO., Double-Pointed Tacks, Blind Staples, Spring Staples, &c. UNITED STATES CORD CO., Braided Sash Cord, &c. ROMER & CO., Night Latches, Iron and Brass Padlocks. BAEDER FLINT PAPER CO.. Flint Paper, Emery Cloth, &c. AMIDON & BASTEDO, Braces, &c. E. 8. HOTCHKISS, Hotchkiss Rat Killers, Metallic Mouse Traps A. G. COES & CO., Coes' Genuine Screw Wrenches. IRON CI1Y TOOL Wi RKS, Vises, Picks, Mattocks, Grub Hoes, Sledges, &c. HENRY KNICKERBACKER, Scythes, Grass Hooks, Axes, Hatchets and Tools. SEYMOUR SMITH AND SON, Pruning Shears, Breast Drills, Bull Rings, &c. DERBY & BALL, Scythe Snaths. CHAPIN BOLT & NDT CO., Carriage Bolts, Machine Bolts, Lag Screws, &c. AMERICAN SCREW CO., Wood Sciews, &c. WATERTUWN THERMOMETER CO , Thermometers, Storm Glasses, &c. JONES OF BINGHAMTON, Scales, &c. LAWRENCJK CURRY COMB CO., Curry Combs, &c. T. C. RICHARDS HDW. CO., Picture Nails, Bright Wire Goods, &c. JOSEPH MALLINSON & CO., Scissors and Shears. A. W. BRINKERHOFF & SON, Universal Corn Huskers. P. LOWENTBAUT, Mechanics' and Plumbers' Tools, Skates, &c. HARRISBURG HANDLE CO., Pick, Axe, Hammer, Sledge and Hatchet Handles. D. W. BOSLEY & CO., Weather Strips, Floor Scrubbers, Window Cleaners, &c. FRED. J. MEYER MFG. CO., Corn Poppers, Fly Traps, Muzzles, Rat Traps, &c. HOWARD BROS.. Cotton, Wool, Horse and Curry Cards. GAY & PARSONS, Ratchet Screw Drivers, &c. TUCKER & DORSEY MFG. CO., Alarm Tills, Saw Bucks, Towel Racks, &c. PH03NIX CASTER CO., Martin's Patent Casters. SNELL MFG. CO., Cast Steel Augers and Bits, Ship Augers, &c. A. F. PIKE MFG. CO., Scythe Stone. All kinds Oil Stones, &c. W. H. HOWELL & CO., Geneva Fluters, Laundry Irons, &c. EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Cannon Diamond-Pointed Nail Set and N. Y. 8afety Dumb Waiters. RIPLEY MFG. CO., Mallets, Bung Starters, Mouse Traps, &c. CHADBORN & CALDWELL MFG. CO., Lawn Mowers, Beef Cutters, &c. BURRELL & WHITMAN, Butter and Cheese Tryers, Flour Testers, &c. C. S. BELL & CO., Church and Farm Bells. CHALFANT MFG. CO., Toilet and Gas Irons. GIBBS LAWN RAKE CO., Lawn Rakes and Post Hole Diggers. NEW SCOTT MFG. CO., Apple, Peach, Orange Parers, Ice Creepers, Fruit Presses, &c. DETROIT BLOCK WORKS, Wood and Iron Blocks. NEW DEPARTURE BELL CO., Push Button Door G.ngs of improved, style. CONTENTS -Continued. Page. SHEET IRON .—Weight to square foot 118 *' ** Nos. and weights in common use 127 " " GALVANIZED.— Price at list and discounted 120 SHOT, DROP AND BUCK.— Standard sizes and number in an ounce 109 SHRINKAGE OF CASTINCS.-Rulea for pattern-makers „ 93 SKATES.— Sizes in inches compared with Shoe sizes . 65 SLATE ROOFING.— Standard rule for measuring 135 *' ** Table showing No. of slate in any No. of squares 135 " *' Weight to square and cubic foot 133 SOLID BOX VISES.— Length of jaws of each size 58 ** *' ** Sizes of boxes and screws 58 SOLDERS, HARD AND SOFT.-Recipes for making 99 SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED 47 SPECIFIC GRAVITY and Weight of Metals and Alloys 43 SPIKES, CUT.— Number of each size in a keg 52 ** RAILROAD, BOAT AND SHIP.— Number of each size in a keg. 52 " *' Number needed to mile of track 55 " *' Sizes used to various weights of rail 55 SQUARE MEASURE. -Table of 37 STATUTES OF LIMITATION forDebtinU.S 33 STEEL, BAR.— Round, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 127 " " FLAT.— Weight to foot . 126 " PLATES.— Weight to square foot '. 105 " WIRE.— Weight to 100 feet 89 ** '* RODS.— Nos. expressed in parts of an inch 80 STEEL CROWBARS.— Weight and dimensions of 112 STRAP AND T HINGES.— Weight of heavy sizes to dozen 72 ** '* " Sizes of screws required 72 SURVEYING (LINEAL) MEASURE.-Tableof 35 TACKLE BLOCKS.— Size of sheaves and rope required for each 58 TACKS, CUT.— No. of each size in pound 49 TANKS AND RESERVOIRS.-Capacity of 143 TAPER AND PLUG TAPS.— No. of threads to inch 70 TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE 78 TENSILE STRENGTH and Resistance of Metals 79 THREADS, STAN DARD.-List of, for Bolts and Nuts 69 TIN-LINED PI P ES.— Standard size of 109 TIN PLATES.— Standard kinds and sizes , 95 *' '* Weight, wire gauge, and No. of sheets in a box 95 *' ROOFING.— Cost per square, at various rates per box 96-97 TIRE IRON.— Weight per set of each size 59 TIRE STEEL.— Weight per set of each size 59 TEMPERING STEEL.— Rules to be observed 128 TROY WEICHT.-Table of 35 TUBES, BOILE R.— Weight and dimensions of 122 " ARTESIAN WELL.— Weight and dimensions of 122 TUBING, BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC. -Weight to foot 106 COPPER. — Pipe sizes, weight to foot 107 USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES no USE OF WIRE in Telegraph Service 78 VALUE OF IRON to the Ton at a given price per pound HI VISES, OVAL SLIDE.— Weight, size of screws and length of jaws 58 21 THE B. M. T. PATENT SAW. A CROSS-CUT, RIP OR MITRE SAW ALL IN ONE. IHiikes i Perfect Joint Without Planing. SAVES YOUR STRENGTH, TIME AND MONEY. CUTS BETTER AND FASTER THAN ANY OTHER. 14if tt $i&! ni iif For Sale by All Dealers. MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY MONTAGUE • 10I0UGH SAff CO 104 Pullman Building, MENTION THIS BOOK. CONTENTS -Continued. Pack. VISES, SOLID BOX.— Sizes of boxes and screws 68 ■■ " " Weight and kngth of jaws 58 "WASHERS.— Standard sizes and No. of each in a keg 71 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. -Complete Tables of 35-37 " " M The Metric System in English 41 WEIGHTS, SASH.— Length and thickness of each size 129 WEIGHT TO A CUBIC FOOT of various Metals andAlloys 43 WEIGHT OF ROOF COVERINGS per Square 51 WINDOW CLASS.— No. of panes in a box of each size 131 WILSON'S BUTCHER KNIVES. -Length of each No 65 WIND.— Velocity and force of 139 WIRE BALE TIES.— Uses, sizes, length and gauges 92 WIRE BRADS.— Standard Length and Gauge 49 " CLOTH.— Sizes and mesh of Screen and Mill 80 ** FENCE.— Number of wires and distances between posts 81 " GAUGES.— Different Standards in the United States 75 " HOISTING ROPE.— Diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 * * ROPE .—Trade Nos., diameter, circumference, weight, etc 91 WIRE, BARBED FENCE.— Weight and measurement of 81 * ' B R ASS.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 " COPPER.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 " IRON.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 Size, weight, length and strength 77 " " Size by wire gauge, expressed in decimals of an inch 80 * * ST E E L.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 89 " TELEGRAPH AND TELE PHONE. -Weight, resistance, strength 78 WIRE NAILS.— Approximate number of Regular in a pound 87 *' Approximate number of Standard in a pound 85 *' ** Extra prices for various sizes 82 " " Length of each Standard size and kind 83 " " AND SPIKES.— Size, length and number of each in pound... 83 WIRES OF VARIOUS METALS.— Tensile strength and resistance 79 WORKSHOP RECIPES.— Various kinds of Cement 30 WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPI KES. -Number in 150 pounds 52 WRENCHES, "COE'S."- Sizeof Nut taken by each length 63 ZINC, SHEET.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 121 " TUBING.— Weight per foot 106 If you wish to receive BOTTOM PRICES when writing to Adver- tisers for Catalogues, just mention having seen the advertisement in HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 23 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. The following compilation of business law contains the essence of a large amount of legal verbage : If a note is lost or stolen, it does not release the maker ; he must pay it, if the consideration for which it was given and the amount can be proven. Notes bear interest only when so stated. Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. Each individual in a partnership is respoDsible for the whole amount of the debts of the firm, except in cases of special part- nership. Ignqrance of the law excuses no one. The law compels no one to do impossibilities. An agreement without consideration is void. A note made on Sunday is void. Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. A note by a minor is void. A contract made with a minor is void. A contract made with a lunatic is void. A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intox- ication, cannot be collected. It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. Signatures made with a lead pencil are good in law. A receipt for money is not always conclusive. The acts of one partner bind all the rest. " Value received " i* usually written in a note, and should be, but is not necessary. If not written it is presumed by the law, or may be supplied by proof. The maker of an " accommodation " bill or note (one for which he has received no consideration, having lent his name or credit for the accommodation of the holder) is not bound to the pers m accommodated, but is bound to all other parties, precisely as if there was a good consideration. No consideration is sufficient in law if it be illegal in its na- ture. Checks or drafts must be presented for payment without un- reasonable delay. Checks or drafts should be presented during business hours, but in this country, except in the case of banks, the time extends through the day and evening. If the drawee of a check or draft has changed his residence, the holder must use due or reasonable diligence to find him. If oae who holds a check as payee or otherwise, transfers it to another, he has a right to insist that the check be presented that day, or, at farthest, on the following day. A note indorsed in blank (the name of the indorser only writ- ten) is transferable by delivery, the same as if made payable to bearer. If the time of payment of a note is not inserted, it is held pay- able on demand. 24 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. --Continued. ** The time of payment of a note must not depend upon a con- tingency. The promise must be absolute. A bill may be written upon any paper, or substitute for it, either with ink or pencil. The payee should be distinctly named in the note, unless it is payable to bearer. An indorsee has a right of action against all whose names were on the bill when he received it. If the letter containing a protest of non-payment be put into the post office, any miscarriage does not affect the party giving notice. Notice of protest may be sent either to the place of business or of residence of the party notified. The holder of a note may give notice of protest either to all the previous indorsers or only to one of them ; in case of the latter he must select the last indorser, and the last must give no- tice to the last before him, and so on. Each indorser must send notice the same day or the day following. Neither Sunday or legal holiday is to be counted in reckoning the time in which notice is to be given. The loss of a bill or note is not sufficient excuse for not giving notice of protest. If two or more persons as partners are jointly liable on a note or bill, due notice to one of them is sufficient. If a note or bill is transfered as security, or even as payment of a pre-existing debt, the debt revives if the bill or note be dis- honored. An indorsement may be written on the face or back. An indorser may prevent his own liability to be sued by wri- ting " without recourse," or similar words. All claims which do not rest upon a seal or judgment must be sued within six years from the time when they arise. Part payment of a debt which has passed the time of statutory limitation revives the whole debt, and the claim holds good for another period of six years from the date of such partial pay- ment. A verbal promise to pay, made without condition, is generally held as sufficient to revive a claim otherwise shut out by the law of limitation. If, when a debt is due, the debtor is out of the State, the " six years " do not begin to run until he returns. If he afterward leave the State, the time forward counts the same as if he re- mained in the State. An oral agreement must be proved by evidence. A written agreement proves itself. The law prefers written to oral evi- dence because of its precision. * No evidence may be introduced to contradict or vary a written contract ; but it may be received in order to explain it, when such contract is in need of explanation. 25 SPECIAL NOTICE TO THE TRADE. mm FIBElSE COPIPJUT, I 3 Barclay Street, New York, MANUFACTURERS OF Seamless Cotton and Mildew-Proof, Rubber-Lined "EUREKA GARDEN HOSE." This Company for the season's trade in Garden Hose invites the especial attention of dealers, and solicits their orders for our products of Hose for Household purposes. This Hose is known as the Eureka Garden Hose, which we have greatly improved in appearance and weaving— unequalled by any and the very best Hose in the market. EUREKA GARDEN HOSE SELLS ON SIGHT. It is superior to the best Rubber Hose for durability and strength. It is Mildew-Proof and will stand over 500 lbs. pressure per square inch and outlasts Rubber Hose many times over. EXPOSE IT TO DRY AFTER USE, though it may be soaked every time it is used ; having no outside covering to imprison the moisture, will, if given a fair chance, dry immediately; no gas is generated and the cotton is uninjured. This is a proven fact in Fire Departments, where our rubber- lined Cotton Hose has been known to outlast all others many years. After use do not reel up wet, but put this Hose in the sun where it can dry and it will last many years. Once handled by the trade and used by the cons\imer, it has given the highest satisfaction to both parties. THE EUREKA GARDEN HOSE cannot be injured by exposure to sun, same as Rubber Hose. PBICE LIST: | Inch Eureka Garden Hose 20 Cents per Foot. | " " " " 25 " " 1 " " " " 35 " " SEIfcTHD FOR S-A-^EZFUiZES. /Subject to Liberal Discount to the Trade. Couplings attached and Pipes Furnished iohe?i Required. special notice:. For the past ten years we have had this brand of Hose in the market, which has proven a Great Success, Millions of Feet Being hold. The Success of the Eureka Fire Hose Company's Garden Hose is due to the fact of the ex- cellence of the material used in the manufacture, and also to its being treated mildew-proof^ which is of vital importance to the success and durability of Cotton Hose. To Insure getting a Perfect Garden Hose, see that each length bears the brand of "Eiarelsa, Garden Hose," and accept none other. Respectfully, EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. | Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Acceptances. A Bill of Exchange pr Draft is an order drawn by one person or firm upon another, payable either at sight or at a stated future time. It becomes an "Acceptance" when the party upon whom it is drawn writes across the face " Accepted," and signs his name thereto, and is ne- gotiable and bank ble the same as a note, and subject to the same laws. In many States both Sight and Time drafts are entitled to three days grace, the same as notes; but if made in form of a bank check, " pay to, ' without the words " at sight," it is payable on presentation without grace. Demand Notes are payable en presentation without grace, and bear legal interest, after a d mand has been made, if not so written . An endorser on a demand note is holden only for a limited time, variable in different States. A Negotiable Note must be made payable either to bearer, or be properly endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. If the endorser wishes to avoid responsibility, he can endorse " without recourse." A Joint Note ia one signed by two or more persons, who each become liable for the whole amount. Three Days' Grace are allowed on all time notes, after the time for pay- ment expires; if not then paid, the endorser, if any, should be legally notified, to be holden. Foreign Exchange, Yalue of U. S, Coins, etc. The value of One Pound Sterling or an English Sovereign, compared with old U. S. coins, is $4,444, but Congress has, from time to time, reduced the weight and purity of U. S. coins, making their value as metals less than their value as coins, and has established the present legal value of a Pound Ster- ling at $4.84. Exchange is based on the old or nominal value of a Pousd, eo that when exchange is said to be at 9 per cent, premium, it is then at par value ; when below 9 per cent., it is below par ; and when above 9 ner cent., above par, etc. Copartnerships. Partnerships may be either general or special. In general partnerships, money invested ceases to be individual property. Each member i < made personally liable for the whole amount of debts incurred by the company. The company Is liable for all contracts or obligations made by individual members. Special Partners are not liable beyond the amount contributed. A person may become a partnei by allowing people generally to presume that ne is o.«c, as, by having his name on the sign, or parcels, or in the bills used in the business. A share or specific interest in the profits or loss of a business, as remuner- ation for labor, may involve one in the liability of a partner. In case of Bankruptcy, the joint estate is first appli d to the payment of partnership d^bts, the surplus only going to the creditors of the individual estate. A Dissolution of partnership may take place under express stipulations in the articles of agreement, by mutual consent, by the death or insanity of one of the firm, by award of arbitrators, or by court of equity in cases of misconduct of some member of the firm A partner signing his individual n* me to negotiable paper, which Is for the use of the partnership firm, binds all the partners thereby. Negotia- ble paper of the firm, even though given on private account by one of the partners, will hold all the partners of the firm when it passes into the hands of holders who are ignorant of the fact attenoing its creation. Partnership effects may be bought and sold by a partner ; he may make contracts ; may receive money ; endorse, draw, and accept bills and notes ; and while this may be for his own private account, if it apparently be for the use of the firm, his partners will be bound by his action, provided the parties dealing with him were ignorant of the transaction being *n his private account ; and thus r presentation or misrepresentation of a part- ner, havir-g relation to business of the firm, will bind the members in the partnership. In case of Death, the surviving partners must account to the representa- tives of the deceased. 27 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Poisons and their Antidotes. Arsenic.— Use the stomach pump instantly; otherwise, give 20 grains sul- phate of zinc in a little warm water to produce vomiting, or a large table spoonful of mustard in warm water. Meanwhile procure some hydrat'd sesquioxide of iron and give a tablespoonful of it with water every five or ten minutes until six doses are taken. Dialyzed iron is also efficient. Aqua Amm»nia, or Hartshorn, if taken undiluted is a violent poison. Give Vinegar, instantly, mired with a Kttle water, this acts by neutralisa- tion. Vegetable oils, in large quantity, furnish the next beet antidote, the ammonia acting upon them to form Soap. Aconite.— Give an emetic of mustard or snlpbate of zinc, or use the stomach pump, instantly, then give stimulants, whiskey, brandy, gin or rum, &c. Acid— Nitric, Muriatic, or Sulphuric— If either of these be swallow- ed, not a moment is to be lost. The best remedy is to fill the patient full of Canned Magnesia stirred up iu water, to the consistency of very thin paste; or, give half an ounce of soap shavings in a pint of water. If neither are at hand give chalk or whiting, in water, or even pound fine some of the white plastering from the wall and give in water Belladonna, Htosctamus, Stamonium, and Conium are all narcotics, and the treatment is the same as for «pium; especially the strong coffee. Cantharides (Spanish Flies).— Give large doses of sweet oil, sugar and water, or milk. To relieve the strangury and scalding of urine whice it oc- casions, give camphor, 10 to 15 drop doses in water. Corrosive Sublimate, (Bed bug poison).— Mix up quickly the whites of a dozen egg«, with a quart of cold water, give a cupful of the mixture every two minutes till the stomach can hold no more. If you have not eggs enough use what you have and make up the deficiency with milk. Wheat flour, mixed with water, is good. Use the stomach pump if it can be had quickly. Charcoal Gas, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, or Carbonig Acid Gas.— Use cold shower bath and give Aconite in drop do^es, in a spoonful of water. The effects of Coal gas are best antidoted by copious draught! of vinegar and water. Oxalic Acid.— Give Magnesia in water as quickly as possible. When not to be had, use chalk, lime orsaleratus. Use the stomach pump if at hand. Soap suds or alkalies are of no use with this Acid. Opium, Morphine and Laudanum.— Use the stomach pump, if possible; if not, a powerful emetic, as sulphate of zinc; or, give the mustard emetic and tickle the palate. If drowsiness comes on, take the patient into the open air; dash water into the face, by all means keep him walking. If once allowed to fall asleep it may be impossible to arouse him. Strong coffee, taken hot, antidotes after the stomach has been emptied. Prussic Acid.— This is the deadliest of all known poisons. One drop of the pure acid will cause instantaneous death. If any of its products be taken and the result is not immediately fatal, resort to the cold shower bath, inhalation of diluted aqua ammonia vapor and give solution of car- bonate of potass, 20 grains to a glass of water, or ammonia diluted with six times the bulk of water, freely. Sugar op Leab, (Acetate of Lead).— Give a ground mustird emetic; or, 20 g-ains sulphate of zinc in a glass of water; afterwards, large dose of epsora salts. Strychnine or Nux Vomica, are rapid and deadly poisons, generally proving fatal, in spite of treatment. If emetics are given and the stomach emptied quickly enough, and if the patient is not attackediWith convulsions wiihin two hours,he will generally be safe. An abundance of sweet milk is recommended, also strong coffee, as for opium poisoning. Strong Lye.— Sometimes swallowed by children. The remedy is vine- gar, or oil, the former by converting the lye into acetate of potash, the lat- ter by forming soap; neither of which materially injures the stomach. Verdigris*— This most frequently poisons by its formation upon copper vessels used in cooking. Give an emetic instantly, and then two tea- spoonfula of Carbonate of Soda, in a tumbler full of water and repeat in ten minutes. Whites of eggs in water are also proper. 28 PERFECTION. BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK, For the Convenience of Business Men IN ALL, LINKS OF TRADE, but especially the hakdwabe dealer. This Book was not offered to the Public until October, 1883, but thousands are now using it can testify to its usefulness. WHAT IX IS. BTTSHNELLS' P&ICE BOOK is a neat, substantially bound book of 200 pages, made of first-class stock, conveniently and taste- fully indexed, handsomely ruled and headed. It is manufactured for the publisherby one of the best blank book manufacturers in New- York, and no expense has been spared to make it the finest book in the market, the neatness and convenience of which will commend it at once. There is no other price book in the market, sold at anything like an equal figure, that compares with it. It was developed by years of experience in business, and the need of a 'practical price book was the means of bringing this before the public. . To the business man who never kept a price book, a few weeks' trial of it will demonstrate its advantages, and he will never dispense with it. No business, great or small, can afford to do without it. With one of them at his service, a minute's work with the pencil, on the arrival of new goods, records the cost of them in a convenient shape for almost instantaneous reference at any future time — no mat- ter how far distant. The advantages of this when purchasing or selling goods are self- evident. At the 8am 3 time, your selling price is recorded for as con- venient reference; and you thus have the co^t and price of your entire stock in a book which may be carried in the pocket or kept on the desk. In time saved from searching for old invoices, in money saved in buying, and in the preservation of prices of goods from which the marks Mve been torn or obliterated, the book will pay for itself many times, the first month it is used. Jobbing houses will find it admirably adapted to the pocket of the Traveling Man, for Salesmen at home, or for Office Use. PRICES : INCLUDING AS A PREMIUM, A COPY OF " HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES," BY MAIL PREPAID. No. 1, Cloth, per copy, $1.50. No. 2, Seal Morocco, .... «« « 2. 00. No. 3, Red Russia, " " 2.50. Please remit by Draft, Money Order, or Postal Note. Responsible parties miy order and remit on receipt of the books, if preferred. Sent Postpaid, on Receipt of Price, by HENRY HOPKINS & CO., PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS, 99 READE STREET, NEW YORK. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. WORKSHOP RECIPES. homogeneous plastic mass, Cement to Resist Fire and Water, and Harden Quickly. Two parts finely sifted unoxodized iron filings. One part, perfectly dry, finely powdered loam. Knead the mixture with strong vinegar into a 1 to be used as soon as made. To Soften Putty. To remove old putty from broken windows, dip a small brush in nitro- muriatic acid or caustic soda (concentrated lye), and with it annoint or paint over the dry putty that adheres to the broken glass and frames of your windows ; after an hours interval, the putty will have become so sof c as to be easily removable. Painter's Putty. o i.«. .um ~.,i„*„*,<»,i ana) Made into a stiff paste. If not f pamsh whiting, pulverized 80.6 f intended f or immediate use, raw BoiledOil 20 - 4 j oil should be used. One pound of putty for stopping every 20 yards. Glazier's Putty. "Whiting, 70 pounds ; boiled oil, 30 pounds ; water, 2 gallons. Mix. If too thin add more whiting ; if too thick, add more oil. Cement for Stopping: Joints, Etc. White lead in oil, mixed with enough white sand to make it a stiff paste. This grows hard by exposure, and resists heat, cold and water. Cement for Leather Belting-. Take of common glue and American isinglass, equal parts ; place them in a boiler and add water sufficient to cover the whole. Let it soak 10 hours, then bring it to a boiling heat, and add pure tannin until the whole becomes ropey or appears like the whites of eggs. Apply it warm. Buff the grain oft the leather where it is to be cemented; rub the joint surfaces solidly together, let it dry a few hours, and it is ready for practical use ; and, if rroperly put together, it will not need riveting, as the cement is nearly of the same nature as the leather itself. To Remove Rusty Bolts. To remove bolts that have become rusted badly, without breakiug them, is quite simple if understood. The best methed is to apply kero- sene oil liberally, and give time for it to soften the rnst before any attempt is made to turn the nut. If, after the rust has softened, it does not start easily with the wrench, give a rap on one corner with a blow of the ham- mar. A hammer and cold chisel rightiy used will often start a rusted nut that would not yield to the wrench without twisting off the bolt. How to Prepare Fence Posts. A western farmer says that he discoverd many years ago that wood could be made to laet longer than iron in the ground. Time and weather, he says, seem to have no effect on it. Posts can be prepared for lees than two cents apiece. This is the recipe : Take boiled linseed oil and stir it in pulverized charcoal to the consistency of paint. Put a coat of this over the timber, and, he adds, there is not a man that will live to see it rot. A Practical Rule for Laying Pipe for Braining* Land. Soils. Coarse Gravel Sand 4 feet 6 inches Light Sand with Gravel 4 Light Loam 3 Loam with Clay 3 « " Gravel 3 Sandy Loam 3 Soft Clay 2 Soft " 2 Greatest Pall of Rain is 2 inches per hour= 54303.6 galls, "per acre. h of Pipe. Distance apart. ...60 feet. 6 " .... 60 " 33 " 2 " 21 " 3 •• 9 " 9 " 6 " 2T " 40 " 21 " ....15 " 30 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Rate of Annual Income of Investments, PAR VALUE BEING $100, BEARING INTEREST AT Price paid. H ! 6# 7% 8% 10* $50 lO.OO 12.00 14.00 16.00 20.00 55 9.09 10.90 12.72 14.55 18.18 60 8.33 10.00 11.66 13.33 16.66 65 7.69 9.23 10.76 12.30 15.38 70 7.14 8.57 10.00 11.42 14.28 75 6.66 8.00 9.33 10.66 13.35 80 6.25 7 50 8.75 10.00 12.50 82£ 6.06 7.27 8.48 9.69 11.12 85 5.88 7.05 8.23 9.41 11.76 87£ 5.71 6.85 8.00 9.14 11.42 90 5.55 6.6G 7.77 8.88 11.11 92£ 5.40 6.48 7.56 8.64 10.80 95 5.26 6.31 7.36 8.42 10.52 96 5.20 6.25 7.29 8.33 10.41 97 5.15 6.18 7.21 8.24 10.30 97£ 5.12 6.15 7.17 8.20 10.25 98 5.10 6.12 7.14 8.16 10.20 99 5.05 6.06 7.07 8.08 10.10 100 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 10.00 101 4.95 5.94 6.93 7.92 9.90 102 4.90 5.88 6.86 7.84 9.80 103 4.85 5.82 6.79 7.76 9.70 104 4.80 5.76 6.73 7.69 9.61 105 4.76 5.71 6.66 7.61 9.52 a 110 4.54 5.45 6.36 7.27 9.09 115 4.34 5.21 6.08 6.95 8.69 120 4.16 5.00 5.83 6.66 8.33 125 4.00 4.80 5.60 6.40 8.00 130 3.84 4.61 5.38 6.15 7.69 135 3.70 4.44 5.18 5 92 7.40 140 3.57 4.28 5.00 5.71 7.14 145 3.44 4.13 4.82 5.51 6.89 150 3.33 4.00 4.66 5.33 6.66 Interest Rules. Four Per Cent. — Multiply the principal by the number of days to run ; separate the right hand figure from product, and divide by 9. Five Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 72. Six Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand figure, and divide by 6. Seven and TBree-Tenths Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, and double the amount so obtained. On $100 the interest is just two cents per day. Eight Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 4-5. Nine Per Cent,— Multiply by number of days ; separate right 1 "tad fig- ure, and divide by 4. Ten Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36. Twelve Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand figure, and divide by 3. 31 MEDFOED FANCY GOODS CO. 44 AND 46 DUANE ST., NEW YORK. X. BRE]VIEn, Pros, and Treas. The Only Exclusive Manufacturers of DOti CO LLARS IN THE WORLD. TEN THOUSAND VARIETIES OF Dog Collars, Dog Blankets, Harnesses, Locks, Leads, Bells, Couplings, Leashes And all requisites for the dog, made out of all styles of Leather, Metals, Plushes, Velvets and Corduroy. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE D. LIGHTNING {Registered Trade Mark No. 9583.) Manufactured Exclusively by Hiram Holt GomDany East Wilton, Me. Shun all imitations or so- called "Lightning Pattern" or "just as good as Light- ning" Hay Knives, and ac- cept the Genuine article only, which will bear our reg- istered label. EVERY KNIFE WARRANTED. Easily sharpened by grind- ing on the corner of an ordi- nary grindstone. Price always as low as consistent with first-class materials and workmanship. Handled by all the prominent Hardware Jobbing Houses in the United States. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. a H •< H ft o © lON^-^OtC^OKtSHlOtOOSS^I^ONMlOO^ i eo in to » S 2 • El >> U t» : o « 5 rfs 2 -a 3-2 a > w • tf2 « § P « 5 §•§8 WMMNoooncofi^tiiaoaniSMOMOCoi o $ a o cd <©©©©«co©ia©©©»oioift©eo©© 00 also Folding Wash Benches, Clothes Dryers, Cot Beds, Hammock Standards, Swings, etc., etc., to Empire Wringer Co., Auburn, N.Y. R. ONDERDONK'S LEVER LEJlf SQUEEZER ITS EQUAL CANNOT BE FOUND. A FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRESSER and CUP STRAINER A New and Important Invention. It Can be Used for More than 100 Different Purposes in the Kitchen. NEW IMPROVED LIME PRESSER. The Cheapest Ever Put Upon the Market ! R. ONDERDONK, 405 GRAND ST., MEW YORK. Factory : Mt. Vernon, N. Y. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Avoirdupois Weight. The Grain is the same in Troy, Apothecaries and Avoidupois Weights. The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water weighed in the air at 35.85 degrees Fahr., barometer at 30 inches. 27.343 grains •= 1 drachm. French qrs. cwt. ton. grammes. 0U0139 = .000035 — .00000174 = 1.77 1 846 .00223 = .000558 = .000028 = 28.34954 .0357 = .00893 -= .000447 — 453.59 1 = .25 -= .0125 = 12700 4 =1 — .05 =- 50802 80 =20 - 1 = 1016040 A stone = 14 pounds. A quintal = 100 pounds Troy Weight. For Gold, Silver and Precious Metals. drachms. ozs. lbs. 1 — .0625 = .0039 = 16 = 1 = .0625 = 256 = 16 = 1 = 7168 = 448 «= 28 = 28672 = 1792 = 112 = 573440 = 35840 = 2240 = grams. 24 = 480 = 5760 = dwts. .04167 = .1 1 = .1 20 =1 240 = 12 French lbs. grammes. = .0001736 = .9648 = .004167 = 1.555 = .0833 = 31.1035 = 1 = 373.242 175 lbs. Troy = 144 Avoirdupois, lbs. Avoirdupois X .82286 = lbs. Troy. lbs. Troy X 1.2153 = lbs. Avoirdupois. The jeweler's Carat is equal, in the United States, to 3.2 grains ; in London, to 3.17 grains; in Paris, to 3.18. Pure Gold is worth $20.67 per oz. Troy, or 5-...34 per oz. Avoirdupois. " Silver " $1.36 " " $1.24 " Standard Gold " $18.60 " " $16.96 " " " Silver " $1,225 M " $1,117 " Apothecaries' Weight. United States and British. 20 grains 1 scruple. 3 scruples 1 drachm = 60 grains. 8 drams 1 ounce = 24 scruples = 480 grains. 12 ounces 1 pound = 96 drachms = 28 > scruples = 5760 grs. In Troy and Apothecaries' weights, the grain, ounce and pound are tbe same. Long Measure. 1 12 36 72 198 7920 feet. yards .083 = .0277! 1 = .333 3 = 1 fath. poles. = .0139 = .005 = .1667 = .0606 = 5 = .182 = 1 = .364 16>$ = 5>^= 2% - 1 660 = 220 = 110 = 40 ,280 — 1760 •= 880 =320 furl. mile. .000126 = .0000158 .00151 .00454 .0091 .025 1 ,0001894 = .000568 = .001136 = .003125 = .125 = 1 French metres. .0254 .3048 .9144 1.8287 5.0291 201.16 1609.315 fathoms. A cable's length = A square mile is 640 acres. A league is three miles. The term ''Sabbath Day's Journey" means 1,155 yards. A day's joui ?y is 33| 8 miles. A fathom is six feet. A hand (horse measure) is four inches. A palm is three inches. A span is WA inches. A cubit is two feet. A great cubit is 11 feet. A pace is three feet. surveying i'xeasure (Lineai), French ins. links. feet. yards. chains. mile. metres. 1 = .126 = .0833 = .0278 = .00126 — .0000158 — .0254 7.92 =1 = .66 = .22 = .01 =» .000125 = .2012 12 = 1 515 = 1 — .333 — .01515 = .000189 =• .3048 3.5 = 4.:j4o = 3 = 1 = .04505 = .000568 = .9144 792 = luO = 66 = 22 = 1 = .0125 = 20.116 63360 — 8000 = 5280 = 176J = 80 =1 = 1609.315 1 knot or geographical mile = 6082.66 feet = 1854 metres = 1.152 statute mile. 1 Admiralty knot = 1.1515 statute miles = 6080 feet. Table of Quantities. 12 v.irts or articles, 1 dozen. 1 20 quires 1 ream. 12 d «hb 1 gross. 2 reams 1 bundle. fH r.n.t* or articles, 1 score. 5 bundles 1 bale. 24 sheets paper, 1 quire. | Printer's token, 250 sheets. 35 HQRTHBEnPTOH CUTLERY 60, New York Salesroom, - 122 Chambers St., Only. Office and Factory, Northampton, Mass. MANUFACTURED OF SUPERIOR TABLE CUTLERY Of Every Description. With Cocoa, Ebony, Bone, Rubber, Cellu- loid, Ivory and Plated Handles, including an Assortment of CARVERS AND PATENT GUARD FORKS Of the Latest and Most Approved Designs. FRENCH COOKS' KNIVES Tempered and Ground especially for Professional Use. BUTCHER, HUNTING, STICKING and SKINNING KNIVES, I?i all the usual styles of perfect finish and guaranteed quality. : V A full assortment of these very desirable Goods ca)i be obtained from ANY OF THE LEADING JOBBING HOUSES IN THE UNITED STATES HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-Continued. ins. 1 = 144 = 1296 = acre. .000000159 1568160 = 10890 .000023 .ooo2oe .00625 .25 1 Square Measure. feet. yards. perches. roods. .00694 = .000772 = .0000255 = .00000064 1 = .111 = .00367 = .0000918 9 = 1 = .0331 = .000; 272^ = 30j£ = 1 - .025 " = 1210 =40 =1 4840 =160 =4 100 square feet = 1 square. 1 chain wide = 8 acres per mile. 10 square chains = 1 acre. 1 hectare = 2.471143 acres. ( = 27878400 sq. feet. < = 3097600 sq. yds. f =» 640 acres. Acres x .0015625 = Square miles. Sq. yds. x .000000323 —- sq. miles. A section of land is 1 mile square, and contains 640 acres A. square acre is 208.71 feet at each side. Square metres. .000645 25.292 10J1.7 4046.7 V = 3/0< 1 square mile. < = 3097 A circular - 2 52 1-6 feet square, 73% feet square, 104% feet square, 120% feet square, 147% feet square, 208% feet square, 147.58 104.355 " " 235.504 feet in diameter. 117^752 " or 2,722% or 5,445 or 10,890 or 14,520 or 21,780 square square square square square square Cubic Measure. f^t is cubic metres. 1-16 acre, acre, acre, acre, acre, ere. ins. feet. yard. 1 = .0005788 = .000002144 = 1721 = 1 = .03704 = 46656 =27 - 1 = .764513 A cord of wood= 128 cubic feet, being 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long. 42 cubic feet = a ton of shipping. A Cubic Foot is Equal to 1728 cubic inches. .037037 cubic yard. .803564 U. S. etruck bushel of 2150.42 cubic inches. 3.21426 U. S. pecks. 7.48052 U. S. liquid galls, of 231 cub. inch. 6.42851 U. S. dry gallons. 29.92208 U. S. liquid quarts. 25.71405 U. S. dry quarts. 59.84416 U- S. liquid pints. 61.42809 U. S. dry pints. 239.37662 U. S. gills. 26667 flour barrel of 3 struck bushels. 23748 U. S. liquid barrel of 31% gallons. Dry Measure* The Standard Bushel contains 2150.43 cubic inches, or 77.627013 pounds avoirdu- pois of pure water at maximum density. It legal dimensions are 18% inches Diam- eter inside, 19% inches outside, and 8 inches deep ; and when heaped, the cone must be 6 inches high, making a heaped bushel equal to 1% struck ones. Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Cubic Inches. 2 = 1 — .250 - .125 = .0315 = 67.2 8 = 4 - 1 - .5 = .125 = 268.8 16 = 8 - 2 = 1 - .25 = 537.6 64-32= 8 = 4= 1= 2150.42 Liquid Measure* The standard gallon measures 231 cubic inches, or 8.33888 lbs., avoirdupois of pure water, at about 39.85 degrees Fahr., the barometer at 30 inches, gills. 4 = 1 pint. 8 = 2 = 1 quart. 32 = 8 = 4=1 gallon. 1344= 336= 168= 42 = 1 tierce, 2016 = 504 — 262 = 63 = 1% — 1 hogshead. 248? - 672 = 336 - 84 - 2 = 1% — 1 puncheon. 4032 = 1008=604 = 136 — 3 =2 = 1% = 1 pipe. 8064 = 2016 — 1008 = 362 = 6 =4 =3 =2=1 tun. A cubic foot contains 7% gallons. 37 JOHNSTON'S ST-^.^TID^-T^3D IDIVX" SIZED K alsomine and F resco Paints; Gold Medal, New Orleans, 1884-5, and Eight First-Class Awards, CHEAPER THAN WALL PAPER OR OIL PAINT. Pure White and Beantiful Tints. Purines and Beantifies. Will not Rub and Scale from the Wall. Invaluable in Cleansing and Disinfecting Walls Impregnated with Germs of Disease. Rlixed in 5 Minutes Ready for the Brush, by the addition of Water Only. An Inexperienced Person Can Use It. Five Pounds will Cover with a Good Body 500 Square Feet, on a Hard-Finished Wall. Ask for "JOHNSTON'S DRY SIZED KALSOMINE," *nd see that you do not get any poor substitute. For sale by Paint, Drug and Hardware Dealers everywhere. Dry Kalsomine and Fresco Paint Works, Nos. 25 and 27 JOHN STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 1889. OVER IOOO TONS 1889. USED WITH SAFETY To MAN AMD BEAST. ITS EFFICACY IS CONCEDED BY ALL Who Make Thorough Tests. NEEDED IN ALL THE VILLAGES OF AMERICA. For Pamphlet, address B. HAMMOND, Sold by Seedsmen, Wholesale and Retail. FZSBZILL -ON -SUD SON , 1 1 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. Common Names of Chemical Substances. Common Names. Chemical, Names. Aqua Fortis Nitric Acid. Aqua Regia Nitro-Muriatic Acid. Blue Vitriol Sulphate of Copper. Cream of Tartar Bitartrate Potassium. Calomel Chioride of Mercury. Chalk Carbonate Calcium. Salt of Tartar Carbonate of Potassa. Caustic Potassa Hydrate Potassium. Chloroform Chloride of Gormyle. Common Sat Chloride of Sodium. Copperas, or Green Vitriol Sulphate of Iron. Corrosive Sublimate Bi-Chloride of Mercury. Diamond Pure Carbon. Dry Alum Sulphate Alluminum and Potassium. Epsom Salts Sulphate of Magnesia. Ethiops Mineral Black Sulphide of Mercury. Fire Damp Light Carburetted Hydrogen. Galena Sulphide of Lead. Glauber's Salt Sulphate of Sodium. Giucose Grape Sugar. Goulard Water Basic Acetate of Lead. Iron Pyrites Bi-Sulphide of Iron. Jeweler's Putty Oxide of Tin. King's Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic. Laughing Gas Protoxide of Nitrogen. Lime Oxide of Calcium. Lunar Caustic Nitrate of Silver. Mosaic Gold Bi-Sulphide of Tin. Muriate of Lime Chloride of Calcium. Nitre of Saltpetre Nitrate of Potash. Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid. Potash Oxide of Potassium. Realgar Sulphide of Arsenic. Red Lead Oxide of Lead. Rust of Iron Oxide of Iron. Salmoniac Muriate of Ammonia. Slacked Lime Hydrate Calcium. Soda Oxide of Sodium. Spirits of Hartshorn Ammonia. Spirit of Salt Hydro-Chloric or Muriatic Acid. Stucco, or Plaster of Paris Sulphate of Lime. Sugar of Lead Acetate of Lead. Verdigris Basic Acetate of Copper. Vermillion Sulphide of Mereury. Vinegar Acetic Acid (Diluted;. Volatile Alkali Ammonia. - Water Oxida of Hydrogen White Precipitate Ammoniated Mercury. White Vitriol Sulphate of Zinc. To Obtain the Weight of Grindstones. Rule : Square the diameter (in inches), multiply by thick- ness (in inches), then multiply by decimal .06363. Example : Find the weight of a stone 4 feet 6 inches diam- eter and 7 inches thick. 4 ft. 6 in. =54 inch ; square of 54=2916 ; multiplied by 7= 20412; multiplied by .06363=Ans., 1298.815 lbs., which is weight of stone. All Grindstones weighing less than 200 lbs. are sold at "cut-weight." This is the actual weight over the scales as they come from the lathe (less a fair amount for moist- ure), and is cut into each stone. All Grindstones weighing over 200 pounds are sold by measurement- weight only, rule for which is given. 39 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIESJ ai iii Ha ".« 2 p« - a •« g 35 III ^^ 2 CO C5 -< s a £j« * a^*» vf -* © ^ -o o « 3 i§s as ST** *« © O S w H « §1^35 * a* sal W aS fa nn jb -S ° ® ® £,» ®.a * © ^ +2 m © .a S 1 2 2 2 *?£ a e *, .S P"5 £ S"3 cj 53 ? P. o lOOCNCNi •CT00 0O00-*00^»OC>COt-00"j;QClrlO!O- ,1 co i-i oo t-t co i i oo cn « ih eo eo « i-t eo th oo ih lOCTHOWCTHeONHOOHHN i-trHi-lr*eNCN^tfc-0»( •-"^ssssssgssiiiii a . _ 00 a * ■ " «-. CO * B o sa ^*^ *!* ***** *** * __ f)<*»MH«iai'3>e , ioo<*®o-*floc | i22?!32 ,_,_,_,,_,,_, Cq ,_, ,_, CNtNrl « CN rl t-t iH OOOOOOOOOOH«(OS50H«WCO»«WCO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOHHHHH»Ot-0 iCNOO-tfO ■5 a . ill 31* 2ioSo^S«o^iooipoipoipooHo;cp-*o siooecioJsiowt-fiiHiootc-neH^t- oOHHHti«o, W o:«oont-o^o S »gg^ .c»^« 3 ct-x=-.o = oooooo = 3g||g iw« to«o-*oocN»oC5eot-^iftOt-«oifteo *33.9:^S£22* :ot -' H ' 001 COt2SSSSS90««-*«0»!0-*OfOOHrtr OH«WOHC)«!)OHOlJ5 00HWWOOOOC ' cm co •* ic «o nil! CO *» *4 ©r* 2 fl a « O CO a ® Ma o a . .*« CO SSSlOOOXHO^t-IOWOCTffiglWN^OOMt-H O^Klh00r-(C^5Clt-O00t-rHa0i-lTK00«N«0eN'*t-C>CJ r-l r-t iH r-tiH iHlH •-•i-" •"> i-ICICO'^'iOtC't-OOCJOOOOOOOOOOOOOO oScseo-*S«ot-ooe»cooot-<»e»ip-*-?>b 1 'S © ^ £ s a 3 5 „• Cu © CO 01 02 02 02 02 02 H H 0DO 2 •* o ■* ■* o cn 00 PJ cm .h ci r-J SO SO aoo(NO©0'!» Names of Metals. Conductivity. Silver, pure 100 Copper, pure 100 Copper, pure, super-refined and crystallized 99.9 Silicon bronze, telegraphic ,. 98 Copper and silver alloy at 60 per cent 86.65 Gold, pure 78 Silicon copper, 4 per cent, of silicon 75 Silicon copper, 12 percent, of silicon 54,7 Aluminium, pure 54.2 Tin, with 10 per cent, of sodium 46.9 Silicon bronze, telephonic 35 Plumbiferous copper, with 10 per cent, of lead 30 Zinc, pure 29.9 Phosphor-bronze 29 Silicon brass, with 28 per cent, of zinc 26.49 Brass, with 35 per cent, of zinc 21.15 Phosphor-tin 17.7 . Gold and silver, 60 per cent, each 16.12 Swedish iron 16 Banca tin, pure 15.45 Antimonous copper 12.7 Aluminium bronze, 10 percent. Al 12.6 Cadmium Amalgam, 15 per cent. Cd 12.2 Siemens steel 12 Mercurial bronze 10.14 Platinum, pure 10.6 Arsenical copper, 10 per cent, arsenic 9.1 Lead, pure 8.88 Bronze, with 20 per cent, of tin 8.4 Nickel, pure 7.89 Phosphor-bronze, 10 per cent, tin 6.5 Phosphor-copper, 9 per cent, phosphorus 4.9 Antimony. 3.88 Relative Non-Conductivity of Materials. Mr. Charles E. Emery of New York recently made some experiments upon relative non-conductivity, with reference to the needs of the New York Steam Company. His apparatus consisted of a boiler 12 feet in diam- eter, with three 10-inch flues passing through it. Inside these flues were smaller tubes, through which the steam passed. The non-conductors surrounded the inner tubes, and water was kept circulating around the flues in the outer shell; A layer of hair felt 2 inches thick gave the best result, and using equal thicknesses of the other materials the following percentage was obtained : Hair felt 100 Mineral wool, No. 2 83.2 Mineral wool, No. 2 and tar.... 71.5 Sawdust 68 Mineral wool, No.l 67.6 Charcoal 63.2 Pine wood, across grain 55.3 The low result from air-space no doubt is due to the unimpeded circu- lation of the current. 45 Loam 65 Gas-works lime, slaked 48 Asbestos 36.8 Coal ashes 34.5 Fuel coke 27.7 Air space, 2 inches deep 13.6 .^31 VSfisf^si^M B^\ j^^^Bu&&** \ I i ^mi «#B^^ C~\ fcwif IT" c/i) i 2 *• M Cje3 w ~ c « s 3* * *- w 'S3 3 w 03 5 « a a. a CO m. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Length and Number of Cut Nails to the Pound. SIZE. i § 1 a o O o a 5 8 a r® ■ a ® bit a 3 00 •a 1 y y J O m P. 3 O x X 2d 3d. Xin X 1 IX IX IX 2 2X 2X 2X 3 3X 3X 4 *x 5 5X 6 6X 7 8 800 500 376 224 180 800 480 288 200 168 124 88 70 58 44 34 23 18 14 10 8 '95' 74 62 53 46 42 38 33 20 84' 61 48 36 30 24 20 16 1100 720 523 410 268 18S 146 130 102 76 62 54 1000 760 368 4d 5d.... 398 96 82 68 6d 224 *128' 110 91 71 54 . 40 33 27 126 98 75 65 55 40 27 7d 8d. 9d, lOd. . ?8 12d. 16d. . 01 20d. . 1*X 12X 9X R 30d. . . 40d. 50d 60d 6 &x 4& 2X NUMB ER OF TACKS IN A POUND. Title. Length. No. per lb. Title. Length. No. per lb. 1 ounce. T 3 B inch. 16,000 10 ounce. If inch, 1,600 1# ounce. & inch, i inch. 10,666 12 ounce. Uinch. 1,332 2 ounce. 8,000 14 ounce. 11 inch. 1,143 2# ounce. T B B inch. 6,400 16 ounce Ifinch. 1,000 3 ounce. | inch. 5,332 18 ounce. U inch. 888 4 ounce. T 7 5 inch. 4,000 20 ounce. |§ inch. 800 6 ounce. T % inch. 2,666 22 ounce. 1 inch. 727 8 ounce. T 9 B inch. 2,000 24 ounce. 1£ inch. 666 STA1TPABD "WI^E BSa^-X) XjISX Length. Gauge. Length. Gauge. Inch. Fine. Med. Stout. Inch. Tine. Med. Stout. _^ _ X 21 20 19 IX 16 15 14 X 20 19 18 IX 15 14 13 y» 20 19 18 2 14 13 12 X 19 18 17 2X 14 13 12 X 18 17 16 2X 13 12 11 1 18 17 16 2X 13 12 11 IX 17 16 15 3 12 11 10 The Term Penny" as Applied to Nails. The origin of the terms "six-penny," "ten-penny," etc., as applied to nails, though not commonly known, is involved in no mystery whatever. Nails have been made a certain number of pounds to the thousand for many years, and are still reckoned in that way in England, a ten-penny being a thousand nails to ten pounds, a six- penny a thousand to six pounds, a twenty-penny weighing twenty pounds to the thousand ; and, in ordering, buyers call for the three-pound r six-pound, or ten-pound variety, etc. , until, by the Englishmen's abbreviation of " pun " for "pound," the abbreviation has been made to stand for penny, instead of pound, as originally intended. 49 C. L, Joy. PARAGON NOVELTY CO. P. S. Johnson. Manufr's of SPEED 22 Artisan Street, Alligator Wrenches, Brass Plated Coat and Hat Hooks, Sash Locks, Screw Drivers, Pipe Wrenches and Cutters. FACTORY : NEW HAVEN, CONN. MECHANICS & ENGINEERS POCKET BOOK Containing Tables, Rules and Formulas Pertaining to Mechanics, Mathematics and Physics. BOUND IN LEATHER, FJLAP, - - $4.00. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by HENRY HOPKINS & CO., Booksellers, 99 Reade St., N. Y. [Who will include a eopy of 5i Handy Notes " as a Premium.] L. W. FERDINAND & CO., Manufacturers, Jobbers and Retail Dealers in kit, M, Canoe aid Sty Mi; Earta. Agents for DIRIGO FOLDING ANCHORS. Send for 130 page Catalogue. - 267 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON, MASS. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES Rules to be Observed in Ordering Metal or Wire. Tn case narties ordering Metal or Wire have no Gauge, a smallpiece of a l Brass in Sheets is numbered according to Brown & Sharpe s Uauge. Sha S2il G e3Va.B and Copper Tubing is numbered according to Stubs' GaU iTl orders when the name of Gauge is not stated, will be .filled as above. 866 F°«Sble showing the difference between Gauges, see Contents. Copper Rivets and Burs. Belt Rivets only, in 1-lb boxes. Braziers' Rivets only, in 5-lb. boxes. a?^!?. 1 ^?^^ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 I 1340 1060 870 680 ft rV G20 580 540 A 460 380 320 290 250 320 280 240 220 200 I 260 210 18U 17C 140 130 110 170 130 100 90 I 80 70 WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPIKES. NUMBER IN A EEO OF 150 POUNDS. w i Length. 3 3i 4 4* 5 H 6 6* 7 n 8 »i 9 10 L 1910 1585 1326 1223 1025 A 1010 963 810 605 583 521 iV 542 503 461 423 402 321 * 340 312 298 280 261 240 223 IT? 221 200'l90 180 170 160 150 130 1 1 140 130 120 100 WEIGHT AND THICKNESS OF BOILER IRON. £ inch weighs 5 lbs . per sq. ft. ■A- 7* ' • X •• 10 « « " 15 ' " 17i- ' » 20 ' < No. 1 Iron is.... A- inch thick. No. 3 •« ....& No. 4 " .... ± No. 5 " ....-& No. 7 " ....ft 52 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. TABLE SHOWING AVERAGE "WEIGHT PER FATHOM, ADMIRALTY TEST, AND SIZES OF CHAINS REQUIRED FOR VESSELS, ACCORDING TO THEIR REGISTERED TONNAGE. FOR LOW DECK VESSELS ADD ONE FIFTH TO THE TONNAGE. Size. O'Jo o -S O Proved . Av'gWeight per Fathom. Size of Rope. Proof. i G.5J 1 w a < Inches. Stud. Short Link. Inches. Cable Chain . BBB Crane Chain. N 53 3-16 * 5-16 H 7-16 * 9-16 % 11-16 % 13-16 % 15-16 1 1 1-16 1* 1 3-16 1* 1 5-16 IK 1 7-16 1* 1 9-16 IX 1 11-16 IX 1 13-16 1% 1 15-16 V 2* 2* 50 80 100 140 210 265 320 420 500 590 680 790 "33" 38 43 50 58 65 72 80 89 98 110 118 128 138 150 161 175 188 200 215 230 250 290 4 6 9 12 15 19 25 3> 35 40 46 54 61 69 76 85 95 104 115 125 135 14S 160 1 1* 2* 3* 4 5* f* 7X s* 9* 10 10% 11* 12 1234 13* 14* 15 15* 16 16* "* 18 19* 19* 20 21 22 1 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 23 26 28 30 34 37 41 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 80 88 V s 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 22 26 23 30 34 37 41 44 48 52 66 "36" 50 75 100 100 110 130 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 550 600 700 850 1,000 1,150 1,300 1,450 1,600 2,000 2,500 "156 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,100 1,300 1,450 1,600 1,750 1,900 2,100 2,300 2,5' 2,700 2,900 3,100 3,300 3,500 3,700 3,900 4,300 4,700 % inch and smaller chains are made of full size iron; all other Tasted to the English Admiralty Standard. sizes exact. German Coil Chain, Wire Gauge I 5| 6 | 7 | 8 I 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 Number I 000 I 00|0|ll 2 I 3 | 4 | 5 W ^hTin"lbl^fT00fiet^7r 37 ) 30* 1 24 | 19 | U% | 11* | 8% | 7 Breaking Strength | 695 I 580 J 520 | 488 | 360 | 322 | | 16 I 4* 53 THAVEHS BBOTHERS, 1C7 DUANE ST., and 16 THOMAS ST.. ^"iHSXTCT YORK, MANUFACTURERS AND SOLE AGENTS FOR Mexican Hammocks. Peerless Hammock Spreaders. ANCHOR HAMMOCK ROPES. Liberty Mills Twines ail Ms. HARMONY MILLS TWINES AND CORDS. mitut tit tiuii mm. Gem Sea Island and Cotton Twines. PEERLESS HAMMOCK HOOKS. THE SILVER LAKE COMPANY'S SOLID BRAIDED i aid urn. Office and Salesrooms: 107 Duane Street 16 Thomas Street, 3N"3BT*7" YORK CITY. ffiL HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. APPROXIMATE WEIGHT and STRENGTH of CORDAGE. Furnished by L Waterbury & Co., New York City. Circum- ference in inches. Diameter in inches. Weight of 100 f at'ms or 600 ft. in lbs. Weight of 100 Fat'ms, Tarred in lbs. Strength of New Ropes, in lbs. No. of feet in 1 lb. 6 thd. t S 3 ^. 12 17 640 50 feel 9 " i " 18 24 780 33 " 4 in. 12 " A " 24 34 1000 25 " 15 «« 1 " 30 45 1289 20 " li in. A " 37 50 1562 17 " 8 in. li " i " 46 55 2250 13 " If " A** 65 85 3062 9 " 3 in. 2 " f" 80 100 4000 7 " 6 in. 2\ « I " 98 125 5000 6 " 2£ " H " 120 155 6250 5 " 2i " 142 190 7500 4 " 3 in. 3 " l " 170 225 9000 3 " 6 in. 31 '• It's " 200 265 105GQ 3 l4 S| « 1* " 230 300 12250 2 " 7 in. S| " li " 271 3S0 14000 2 " 3 in. 4 " 14" 310 405 16000 1 " 11 in. 4* •« if •• 346 455 18062 1 '* 8 in. *t " l| «• 390 510 20250 1 " 6 in. 4J « 1A" 435 575 22500 1 " 5 in. 5 " if « 480 640 25000 1 u 3 in. 5£ « li » 581 775 30250 1 " 6 " 2 » 678 930 36C00 10§ in. 6} " 2i » 797 1075 42250 9 in. 7 " 2i " 920 1245 49000 7§in. 7* » 8* " 2* « 1106 1405 56250 6* in. 5^ in. 2| « 1265 1600 64000 8^ " 2| '« 1420 1780 72250 5 in. 9 " 3 " 1572 2030 81000 44 in. 9* " H •• 1760 2285 90250 4 in. 10 " Sf » 1951 2550 100000 3Un. The relative strength of Manila to Sisal is about as 7 is to 5 ; or Manila is about 25 per cent, stronger than Sisal. Hawser-laid Rope will weigh one-sixth lees. Number of Eailroad Spikes Used to One Mile of Track, Size measured under head. 5 if, 5 ±i H^ 4xJ MA * 2 X l'l 4 x£ 3 x^ Average No. per keg of 200 lbs. 375 400 450 530 720 900 1000 1190 1240 1342 Ties 2 feet between centers, 4 spikes per tie makes per mile. 5870 lbs=2S^ kegs. 5170 • ' -.=26 " 4660 ' ' =23£ » 3960 ' ' =20 " 3520 ' ' =i7j " 3110 « ' =m •« 2910 ' < =141 « 2350 ' ' =n « 2090 ' ' =10i " 1780 k ' = 9 >« 1710 ' ' = H " 1575 ' = *s Rail used, weight per yard. 45 to 70 40 to 56 35 to 40 28 to 35 24 to 35 20 to 30 16 to 25 16 to 20 12 to 18 SEE PAGE 110, 55 The Star Scissors and Shears. MANUFACTURED BY W. SCHOLLHORN & CO,, NEW HAVEN, CONN. The Most Extensive Makers of Strictly First-Class Shears in America. Complete Line of Ladies', Embroidery, Pocket,Buttonhole,Nail and Editors' Scissors ; Tailors' Points, Straight and Bent Trimmers ; Barbers', Bankers', Paper and Pruning Shears. NEW MODEL EXGELSIOR SPRIiG DIVIDER With Adjustable Leg. This new device of adjustment makes this Divider practically a "Spring Divider," and adaptable for fine adjustments, and a desirable tool for every Me- chanic and Draftsman, especially so when used in connection with our well-known Excelsior Pencil Holder, as represented in cut. The segment fastening on this Divider is also known to the trade as superior to any other, and the points, which are the most essential feature on a tool of this kind, are made of Stubb's Steel Wire, tempered and inserted two inches into each leg, which produces the best point, whether used on metal or wood. Manufactured by W. SCHOLLHORN <5c CO., NEW HAVEN, CONN. [HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. |] FROM BROWN & SHARPE TABIiE OF DECIMAL EQUIV , leths, 32nds and 64ths of a ALENTS. of 8ths n Inch. FOR 08E IN CONNECTION WITH MICROMETER. CALIPER. 8ths. 32nds. 64ths. 64ths. £=.125 ^=.03125 ^=.015625 H= .515625 i=.250 &=. 09375 &=. 046875 .546875 f=.375 &=. 15625 <£r=. 078125 .578125 £=.500 ^=.21875 ?*=. 109375 n= .609375 £=.625 ~h=. 28125 &=. 140625 H= .640625 $=.750 H=- 34375 H=. 171875 ff= .671875 £=.875 &= .40625 £f=. 203125 .703125 16ths. H=. 46875 ^=.234375 H=. 265625 H= .734375 tV=.0625 H=. 53185 11= .765625 A=.1875 H=. 59375 £f=. 296875 H- .796875 !%=.3125 §|=. 65625 fi=. 328125 aa=s= 64 .828125 f 6 -=.4375 |f =.71875 |i=. 359375 tf= .859375 i y 6 =.5625 §f=. 78125 §*=. 390625 «== .890625 H=-6875 f$=. 84375 ££=. 421875 p= .921875 j|=.8125 B=. 90625 §2=. 453125 R= .953125 if=.9375 fi=- 96875 H=. 484375 M= .984375 OF MILLIM TABLE OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS ETERS AND FRACTIONS OF MI] FOR U«I IN CONNECTION WITH liLIMEI ?ERS, METE IC MICROMETER C&.Z jIPE E*. ! mm. Inches. mm. Inches. mm. Inches. mm. Inches. ^=.00079 £#=. 01575 £§=.03071 9= .35433 &=. 00157 fj=. 01654 |g=. 03150 10= .39370 *V=. 00236 f*=. 01732 tt=- 03228 11= .43307 Trtr=. 00315 B= .01811 ££=.03307 12= .47244 &=. 00394 f£=. 01890 £$=. 03386 13= .51181 &=. 00472 flj=. 01969 *J=. 03465 14= .55118 ^=.00551 H=. 02047 ££=.03543 15= .59055 - 6 %=. 00630 M=- 02126 M=- 03622 16= .62992 &=. 00709 £$=. 02205 H=. 03701 17= .66929 H=. 00787 H=- 02283 H=. 03780 18= .70866 H=. 00866 f£=. 02362 ££=.03858 19= .74803 H=. 00945 ^=.02441 .1=. 03937 20= .78740 H=. 01024 £§=. 02520 2=. 07874 21= .82677 H=. 01102 §$=.02598 3=. 11811 22= .86614 H=.0H81 §£=•02677 4=. 15748 23= .90551 M=- 01260 §$=.02756 5=. 19685 24= .94488 H=. 01339 fft=. 02835 6=. 23622 25= .98425 H=. 01417 ££=.02913 7=. 27559 26=1.02 H=- 01496 §§=.02992 8=. 31496 L0 mm. = 1 Centimeter =* 0.3937 inche ». 10 cm. a 1 Decimeter = 3.937 " LOdm. =1 Meter =39.37 - i ' 25.4 mm. = 1 English Inch. 57 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. OVAL SLIDE VISES. SIZES OF SCREWS AND LENGTH OF JAWS. Nos 00 I | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Sizes of Screws... inches | ^ 11.1* Length of Jaws... inches | 2 | 2j I 3h I 4* Weight, pounds | 7$ | 11 1 18 | 29 | 36j | 54 SOLID BOX VISES. LENGTH OF JAWS TO EACH SIZE MANUFACTURED. Nos | 25 1 30 | «5 I 40 I 45 I 50 I 55 I 60 [ 675 Length of Jaws.. .inches | 3f | 3j| 3| | 4 [ 4j | 4j | 4^ | 4f]T^ SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) Nos | 70 1 75 1 80 | 85 | 90 1 95 1 100 | 105 [ 110 Lg'th of Jaws, inches | 5 [5 [ 5j | 5* | 5£ | 5* | 6 | 6 j 6j SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) Nos | 115 I 120 j 125 | 130 | 135 | 140 | 145 Length of Jaws.... inches | 6$ \ Q\\ 6£| 6* | 6$ | 7 SOLID BOX VISES. — (CONTINUED.) Nos | 150 1 160 I 170 I 180 j 190 j 200 LengthofJaws inches | 7 | 7| | 7£ | 8 ■ | 8 | 8 BOXES AND SCREWS. Diam. If 1 H 2 of Screw. inch. No. 1, for Vises from No. 30 to No. 55 to 75 to 90 to 105 to 130 to 200 to 50 70 85 100 125 195 250 Rope and Iron-Strapped Taekle Blocks. DIAMETER OF SHEAVES -AND SIZE OF ROPE TAKEN BY EACH. Lg'th of Blocks... inches | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 [8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 Diam. of Wheels., inches j 2£ [ 3 1 3^ | 4*- | 5 | 5jj | 6\ | 7| | 8 Diam. of Kope.... inches | j\ $| * | 1\1 \l | If | 1«H 1± THICK MORTISE BLOCKS. | 10 | 11 12 15 ' Length of Blocks inches | 9 Diameter of Wheels inches | 5£ i «± i n 8 Diameter of Bope inches | 1£ i n i u H 1 _ 56 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. PERKINS HORSE SHOES. Weight expressed in ounces. Front Shoes, No. 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 Light 13 15 17 19 17 20 22 21 24 27 24 28 32 29 34 36 35 38 41 49 54 Hind Shoes, No.. 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 light 10 12 14 14 15 1G 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 30 CI 33 34 38 Medium Heavy 43 Mule, No Front Shoes 1 10 2 12 3 15 4 18 5 22 G 25 7 29 "Ausable" Horse Shoe Nails. 8TANDABD SIZES. No 4 5 6 7 s 9 10 12 •|.| Length in inches. Number in pound 11 276 168 138 2j 110 2/ 6 96 9 9 ^i 6 80 73 3 A 57 WEIGHT OF TROTV TIRE .—Per Set of 54 feet. Size. Lbs. Size. Lbs. Size. Lbs. i *-A- 34 • Hxi 56 1 't5 169 1 x| 45 X 4 X X 70 1 5 t' 148 1 *ft 56 85 1*X* 183 1 x£ 68 U*ft 99 1W 158 l*xl 50 lix* 113 ljxfl 197 Uxft 63 l|xf 93 l|x| 236 1-1 xt 75 Ifxi 124 2 x| 180 88 l|x| 101 2 x2 225 Hx-i 101 Hxi 135 2 x$ 270 WEIGHT OF STEEL TIRE.- Per Set of 54 feet. Size. Lbs. Size. Lbs. 1 Size. Lbs. Size. Lbs. J Size. Lbs. t*A 7^ #xA Hi ■to* X A X 154 Mt 22f ix,V 35* a T .a 13V ^xi- 18 4 x :)l 22 %*& 27 ixi 35* «x& 15JI *x£ 20i 7—5 25 ■ «x^ 30* £x± 40* 1 x^ 23 v J x 32 29* lx, 3 . 35* 1 xh 424 1 xi 47* i xA- 58^ IHxft 404 1 H*i 54 H*** 67A Hx| 81 Hx| 5.) | lfeft 74 1 Mx'| 88* 1U% 98 ! i*x 3 107 l*x& 124 Uxi 142 1 wxi 154 Ifxi 165 I 2 x* 190 Have a clean fire, and weld with equal parts of Borax, Salt and Sand. 59 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Standard Sizes of Circular Saw Mandrels. • No. S 5? o ►» § 1 H O § a ft ° 02 .2 1 2h ins. 3£ ins. 2£ ins. 14 ins. 1 1-16 in 1 in. 2 3 ' s i " 3 " 16 " 1 3-16 " 1* ' 3 3k " H " 3£ « 18 " 1 5-16 " l| ' 4 4 " 5 " 4 " 20 " 1 7-16 " 1 5-16 ' 5 H " 5* " 4i " 22 " 1 7-16 " I 5-16 ' 6 5 " 6 " 5 " 24 " 1 7-16 " If < 7 5* •■ 6* « H " 26 " 1 7-16 " H ' 8 6 " 7 " 6 " 28 " 1 9-16 " ll 9 7 " 8 " 6 " 32 " 1 11-16" 1* ' 10 8 " 8 " 6 " 36 " i 13-16" H ! TV hen Ordering Circular Saws, ■'( li The following directions should be explicitly given : Diameter of Saw in inches. Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Kim. Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Centre. Log side, right or left hand, saw cutting towards you. Number of Teeth in Saw. Kind and number of Tooth. Size of mandrel hole. Size of pin hole. Distance between pin holes from centre to centre. Standard Gauges for Circular and Mill Saws. Gauge. Gauge. No. 4 \ inch, scant. No. 11 £ inch, scant. ! " 5 7-32 " " 12 3-32 " fuU. " 6 3-16 '• full. " 13 3-32 " scant. 1 " 7 3-16 " scant. " 14 5-64 " full. " 8 5-32 " " 15 5-64 " scant. 11 9 5-32 " scant. " 16 1-16 " full. 1 "10 £ " full. 1 t 61 L&I.J.WHITE, BUFFALO, N. Y. Manufacturers of EDGE TOOLS, Coopers', Carpenters' and Ship Tools, Plane Irons. Cleavers, &c. Full Line Chisels. TRAUTWINE'S CM Engineer's PocM Book of Mensuration, Trigonometry, Surveying, Hydraulics, Hydrostatics, Instruments and their adjustments, Strength of Materials, Masonry, Principles of Wooden and Iron Roof and Bridge Trusses. Stone Bridges and Culverts, Trestles, Pillars, Suspension Bridges, Dams, Railroads, Turnouts, Turn- ing Platforms, Water Stations, Cost of Earthwork, Foundations, Retaining Walls, etc. In addition to which the elucidation of certain important Principles of Construc- tion is made in a more simple manner than heretofore. By J. C. TRAUTWINE, C. E. 12mo, Morocco Flaps, Gilt Edges, 28th thousand, Revised and Enlarged. With New Illustrations by J, C, Trautwme, Jr., C. E, 1887. Price, $5.00. Sent postpaid, on receipt of Price, by HEM HOPKINS & CO., Booksellers and Publishers, 99 Reade St., New York. HEADQUARTERS for CLIPPERS For Horsemen anil Barters. LARGEST VARIETY. FINEST QUALITY. Every Clipper Tested. Jesse Lee & Sons, Sole Agts. for Manufrs and Patentees, 37 South 4th St., Philadelphia. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Standard Length of Cut of Hatchets and Bench Axes. Nos 1 1 ! 2 1 3 Shingling 1 3j 1 34 | 4f inches. Claw 1 *k 1 3£ | 4§ inches. Half 1 H 1 H | 4§ inches. Lath ! n 1 n | 3 inches. No .... | 1 1 2 | 3 1 ^ | 6 1 6 1 7 8 | 9 Bench ... |3| \H\ 5 |S*I G l«f | 7| | 8± | 9 inches. Weights of Washoe (Adz Eye) Picks. RAILROAD PICK?. Nos I | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 7 8 Weight... 5 | 5* | 6 | f> | 7 | H 8 8£ lbs. MINING OB DRIFTING PICKS. Nos | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 8 9 Weight | 3 3}| 4 | 4£ | 5 | 5} | 6 «* 7 lbs. POLL PICKS. Nos | 1 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 8 9 Weight | 3£ 4 | 4£ 1 5 | 5*| 6 1 6* 7 7* lbs. COAL PICKS. Nos | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 1 6 Weight | 3£ | 4 | 4J | 5 | 6 ! G£ lbs. Coes* (Genuine) Wrenches. WILL TAKE NUTS OF THB FOLLOWING SIZES: Size of Wrench | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 in. Size of Nuts.... | £ | £ \ 1$ | If | 2£ | 2f | 3 1 Hm. Cast Steel Crowbars. Size Inches | $ | | | 1 | 1$ | U | Ill 1* Usual Weight Lbs. J 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 j 22 | 26 Usual Length Inches | 44 | 48 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 66 |^72 63 NEW MODEL, For Touring and Vacation Trips, or for Every-Day Shooting. With BEACH & VERNIER Weight from 2 to 2&lbs. 22 or 32 Calibre, We can supply a fine Leather Case for $1.50, so Rifle can be Swung Across Back. Over 10,000 of these Little Favorites have been sold here and abroad within the past few years. Send for Illustrated Price-List of Fire-Arms. J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL COMPANY, P. O. BOX 4950, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. shers, having made every effort to ok an acceptable gift to the Dealer sent, would be pleased to receive >stal card acknowledgment of its arrived. PREMIUM Spring Whiffletree Hooks. s I o & H O PQ > '3 o 2 o 1 % % >> Advertisers for Catalogues, just ng seen the advertisement in Handy Notes and Queries/' The Publi make this Bo to whom it is in reply a pc having safely MANUFACTURED BY HEADS IRON FOUNDRY UTICA, W. TC. WRITING TO mention havi " Hopkins' See Page 100. See Page 1 00. Snell Manufacturing Co., Fiskdale, Mass., MANUFACTURERS OF Ship Angers, Aier Bits, Boring; Machines and. Boring Implements. ESTABLISHED 1790. First Premium Awards: Mabs., 1841, 1848, 1850. International Ex., Paris, 1878. Centennial Ex., Philadelphia, 1876. Manufacturers of Car Bits, Jennings's Pattern Auger Bits, Boring Machine Augers, Carpen- ters' Augers, Mill Augers, Rafting Augers, Gimlets and Gimlet Bits and Screw Driver Bits. All kinds of Machine Bits made to order. All goods made of the best quality of Cast Steel and warranted. First Premium Medals taken for Superior Quality and Excellency of Finish. New York Office, 72 Reade Street, New York. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. Molasses Gates. No. Inside Diameter | 13-16 l ix i m \% Bote. 1* I 1% I \% | 1 13-16 John Wilson's English Butcher Knives. LENGTH OF BLADE CF EACH NO. No I 0-26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 Length | 4# \ I 5V | 5J6 | 6% inches. No. | 43 | 44 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | | S6 Length.. | | 8 | 9 | 10 J 11 | 12 Eley Bros.' ( u E. B.") Percnssion Caps ABE NT7MBEBED IN THIS MANNER : Smallest.. | No. | 9 | 24 | 10 [ 11 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 14 | ..Larg^F. English Gun Gauge. SIZES EXPRESSED IN PARTS OP AN INCH. Nun ber. Bore.. | 5 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 19 1 25 | 36 | 52 | 90 | 140 | 3 Inch .. | 1 | 15-16 | % | 13-16 J \ 1 11-16 | % | 9-16 | X | 7-16 | % | 5-16 | jf The Sizes of Skates COMPARE WITH SIZES OF SHOPS AS FOLLOWS : Skates, Inches.. | 7 | 7# | 8 | 8* | 9 | 9^ I 10 1 10/4 I 11 |H* Shoe", No |9X | 11 | 18fr | 1 1 8t | 4 | b% | 1* | 9 |10^ Plate and Bedstead Casters. SIZE, IN INCHES, OF WHEELS OF PACH. Plate ....No I Si5 I IX J x 4 1 7-16 IX Bedstea.1, Old No. | 1^.0 | 1^.1 | 1^.2 | 2 in [iinl | 2 in 2_|^iu_ heavy: Ntw" | 101 | 108 | 103 | 104 | 105 | lOS | 107 Siz^ I IX 1 IX I IX | IX I Ui I ■8* Hatter's Size Measure. To obtain the correct size cf the head, use a strip of paper— newspaper will ao. Draw it tightly arouLd the largest part of the head, and have the ends just meet. Then measure the length of the paper and the figures be- low will give you the size according to hatter's measure. An eighth of an inch either way will make no difference. These measures will answor for any style of hat or cap made : 18 % inches is 5% 19 19% 19 X 80* 80* 81 81K .6 6* • 6% ■ 6X • 6*4 .6* • 6% 82* inches is 7 22* 23 23% 23* 24 24* 25 25 H ■ 7X • 7* .1% • 7X • 756 • TX • IX .8 65 "WESTERN" FILES, Warranted the Best in the Market, FOR SALE BY Iron and Hardware Dealers TBR01GH01T THE EXITED STATES AKD CANADA. lflEKr HORSE W.1BMW SUPERIOR QUALITY. WESTERN FILE CO., Limited, PENNSYLVANIA. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. W o w 55 Q cc Q H DC O w .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 2 .2* XXXXXX X 1 |- ,)«>•■<« a a d a s a a a jad«x aaaaaaaaa ^•.O Joj -Hl-r _J»J _>» -i MCOlM^j 1 * H« X aad«x TBpnSan .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 s 1 q v. c o .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 p c •exeribg pun puno-jj .2 .2* .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2' .2 .2 .2 .2 -IX ,J» '.O ''N-'W_/N >f| -.c:<;|X t J'-a-*N "-C-OlOD-IMnl^ TOfl ,— .C5 " i« >< ,-» .•-< H» ¥ •ptmo-jj Jl*H a' a a a a a a a a' a a a' a' a « a. 5 Pi 09 XXX xxxxxxxxxxx S-. •pn«H d a a aaaaaaaaa a a u a m c cc ea ■P *T« ...» Tsa '", — fc ,« -jt iM-ne" 3 !— w m» H» : - ^•a -<* tela w-r.-r.cHx «£«fe' <» ^^jwH^afc 03 s •»«IJ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 63 XXX XXXXXXXXXXX a ^j a .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2' .2' .2 HS *& H» ^»^»H«"^» e 1— ^a^-^o-t*®!"-^ X X X XXXXXX XX XXX — lo> Jw — I* «ctxo»*«)(enao gi**} "** "^tt ^* •q^SnaT; .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .9 .9 .9 .9 .2 .9 .9 .2 .2 .2 .2 «h a C ci +4 a ■ tc of o oc ^ -a ^ = If 3' 8,; *» *- ^ a - m S ,- a «> a 'r£ o a w a a a c o o wtM & a ^ >h S g s o OS ^ a -TO fe Se a 2 P >> o a ? .5 &-= tfl^ a ?• ^ OJ a « a rn **^ *a .2 s a 67 WILEY & RUSSELL MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT Screw-Cutting and Other Labor-Saving MACHINERY AND TOOLS " LIGHTNING.'" (TRADE MASK.) GREEN RIVER.' (TRADEMARK.) The Celebrated Lightning and Green River Screw Plates. Lightning Bolt-Cutters for HAND and POWER use, Fine Taps and Dies, Reamers and Countersinks, Punching Presses, Green River Drilling Machines, Tire-Benders, Tire-TJpsettebs, etc., etc. BOTTOMING. ■~m^rrm++++++* TAPER. liilll nnmvmmmt SEND FOR NEW PRICE-LIST. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.) PROPORTIONS FOR UNITED STATES STANDARD SCREW THREADS AND NUTS. From Hoopes & Townsend. Diam. Thr'ads Diaraet'r of per at root of Short Long Long Thick- Screw. inch. Thread. Diame'tr Diamet'r Diamet'r ness. i 20 .185 £ li- ft i 4 tV 18 .240 it I I I iV a 8 16 .294 H n £3- 8 TS 14 .344 It q TV 1A 7 2 13 .400 1 i« i TF 12 .454 ii H if! Tff g 11 .507 i-iV 1& i* | i 8 10 .620 H ltV ill 3 4 9 .731 i 1A , 1H «A L 8 1 8 .837 if i! «H 1 1* 7 .940 HI 2& 2& 11 ll 7 1.065 2 2fr 2|| If 6 1.160 2i 3 6 - 2H 3A- 11 H 6 1.284 2f 21 3f4 H if ^ 1.389 2& ^32 3| H if 5 1.491 21 3t\ 3H U 11 5 1.616 all 3| 4& 12 2 44 1.712 3£ 4H 2 2* H 1.962 3* 4|V 4.§4. 2| 2^ 4 2.176 3| 4* 5 ai 2£ 2* 4 2.426 4i *ll 6 24 3 3i 2.629 4* 5f 6^- 3 3-1 3* 2.879 5 5+1 7ii> 3i H 34 3.100 5| 6ft 714 3* H 3 3.317 5^ 6H 81 3^ 4 3 3.567 6, L 7& 8H 4 BLOCK TIN PIPE Wt. per ft lbs. oz. * in. strong ^ inch ex-strong .... double ex-strong . i~ 6 - in.dou'le ex-strong § in. ex-strong double ex-strong.. ^ in. strong ex-strong Wt. per ft 2* 5 6 6 8 6* 10 i in. double ex-strong %■ in PT.ofrnna CALIBEK. in. uuuuic CJ | in. ex-strong , double ex-strong . ... \ in. ex-strong double ex-strong 1 in. double ex-strong double ex-strong.... 15 9 14 11 14 4 CAST IRON BALLS.-WEICHT. 2 in. diam. 2j in. diam. 3 in. diam. 3^ in. diam. 4 in. diam. LBS. 1.09 2.13 3.68 5.84 8.73 4£ in. diam . 5 in. diam , 5£ in. diam , 6 in. diam 69 LBS. 12.42 17.04 22.68 29.48 6£ in. diam. 7 in. diam. 1\ in. diam. 8 in. diam. LBS. 37.44 46.76 57.52 69.81 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. TABLE SHOWING THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF COLD-PRESSED NUTS IN A KEG, ICO LBS. EACH, SQUARE AND HEXAGON , OF STANDARD 8IZE8, As adopted by "The Association of Bolt and Not Manufacturers of U. S." Width. Thickness. 1 H if H if 4 i| 2 2 al 3 H 3f 4 Hole. 3V a a 25 H 15. 1 6 1ft ift 1ft 1ft 1ft 1ft lrf Hi Bolt. No. of Square. 45,000 i -i. 22,500 i. 10,000 5 5,106 3 8 2,727 ft 1,904 J 1,695 h 1,218 ft 1,016 885 | 638 3 I 450 368 I 260 1 243 1 249 1 163 1* 143 If 109 If 85 14; 84 if 55 1* 51 If 39 13 32 11 28 2 20 No. of Hexagon 10,500 6,666 4,528 2,057 1,890 1,538 1,245 957 740 555 430 270 252 257 204 168 150 120 93 60 56 44 35 30 22 Taper and Ping Taps— Standard \umber of Threads to the Inch. Size Inches "i tf i ft 1 3 ft H 1 i- 1 EIGHT HAND. LEFT HANI). 24 16 18 16 18 16 18 14 16 14 16 14 12 14 9 10 10 9 10 8 9 8 30 26 20 20 20 IS 18 16 12 14 24 26 14 12 12 10 10 9 8 8 6 14 12 12 9 9 7.8 70 j HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. TABLE Showing the Average Number of Washers in a Keg o* 150 Pounds, of Each Standard Size. AS ADOPTED BY The Association of Bolt and Nut Manufacturers of the United States." Diameter. Size of Thicknes Size of Bolt No. in 150 Hole. Wire Gauge, pounds. 1 i No. 18 3 1 i> 80,000 | A. " 16 i 34.285 I I .ft. " 16 1 22.000 | " 16 .a. 18,500 1 7. " 14 8 10,550 li * " 14 .7. 7,500 if "1% " 12 2 4,500 if u " 12 9 3,850 if " 10 2,500 2 H " 10 J 8 1,600 H n " 9 1,300 n ift " 9 1 950 2| ii " 9 If 700 3 " 9 ll 550 H ll " 9 If 450 Standard Sizes of Heads for Bolts, Countersunk Diam. of Square Head. HexagonHead Button Head. Head, Bolt. WIDE. THICK. WIDE. THICK. WIDE. THICK. WIDE. THICK i ft -.v ft 1 4 ii & 4 P fW i i 16" 1 6 A f j i | i ire i 8 1 1 8 A 4 t* 4 H i 8 ft 1 4 ft ft I | i * 1 8 4 ft it if lb ! 1-1% i| i It I 8 i| i £ 8 a. 8 £ 8 1 *• ift ltt 1 2£ ! H if 1 u n if H ill M 71 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS OF STRAP AND T HINGES. Weight per dozen. Furnished by Stanley Works. HEAVY STRAP HINGES. Size. | 10 | 12 | 14 Weight. | 6% | 10*9 I 1»X I 32M | 55j^ | 74X | S9% \ 103)$ 16 | ins. TbeT EXTRA HEAVY T HINGES. Size. 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | Weight | 20 X | 34 X | 54 \ 78 | 87X I lbs. STRAP AND T HINGES ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS. Inches 4 | 5 | | 10 | 12 | 14 J 16 | 18 LightStrap Size Screws | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | Heavy Strap. j 9 | 9 1 11 | 12 | 14 1 16 | 16 1 16 | Light T. | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 ! 10 | 11 1 12 | | Heavy T. | | | 9 | 10 |11 | 12 | 13 | 13 j 13 Extra Heavy T | 1 10 | 11 j 13 | 14 | 16 1 16 | 16 | Hinge H>isi»s. | 7 | | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | | | WROUGHT BUTTS— Countersunk for Screws. TABLE BUTTS AND BACK FLAPS. Inches | % | 1 | IX | IX 11% I IX I IX I I X 1 2% I 2 SizeScrew | 6 |6|7|7|7|S|8|9 |9|9 NARROW WROUGHT BUTTS. 'inches. . | 1 I 1* | 1J* I IX I 2 | 2X | 2)4 | 2X I 3 | 33* | Z% | 3X I 4 | 4# I 5 | 5X I 6 Screws.. |6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | I 9 ' 9 | 10 1 I 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 LIGHT NARROW AND LIGHT LOOSE PIN. Inch Screws . L* i i i i x i mi m i 2 | 2| 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 ! 2# I 2X | 3 I 6 I 6 | 7 LOOSE PIN OR BROAD. Size. II 2x2 2*xfH 3#x3 4XX4X to to 3x3 X to to 2Xx2 3x3 4Xx4 5* 5x5 to Gx7 Screws. | 10 | 11 | 1* | 13 | CAST BUTTS ABE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOIXOWS NARROW. FAST OR LOOSE JOINT. Inch I IX | IX I 2 | 2X| 2X| 3 J 3X| 3* | 4 | 4X | 5 | 6 Screws I 6 I 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10| 10 | 12 1 14 | 12 PARLIAMENT. Inch | 2Xto3X i 3Xand4 | 4Xto7% | 8 and 8X Screw 10 11 BROAD, FAST. AND LOOSE JOINT AND LOOSE PIN. Inch. | 2x2to2Xx3 | 3i24to3Xx3X | 3Xx4 Screw I 11 loch | 3Xx5 | 4x3 | 4x3Xto4XR4H I 4Xx5 and opwards Screw | 10 j 10 j ~*fi j i3 72 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. WROUGHT BRASS BUTTS. Width when Open, and Sizes of Screws Required. WIDTH OF BEASS BUTTS, WHEN OPEN. S i2e Inches | f j i |l 1 lj | i± | if | lljjjJjS Narrow Width | f j j [ j \ f 1 f | | | fHfTJ Middle | jf 1 || g | i\ i|i |i |i |i Broa <* 1 3 1 11 ill \TJT f\ H\ i^iij Desk I 1* I 1* I 1| I If 1 1» I 2 1 2$ | 2j | 2j Size Inches | If | 2 I H I 2£ | 2f | 3 | 3£ | 3£ | ... Narrow Width | 1 [1 | 1& | lfr| U I 1|| If j 2 | ... Mi ddle 1 lj | l i | lj 1 If 1 H I I f 1 1* I 2j 1 ... Broad 1 lj 1 lj j If | lj 1 l| | 1| 1 2 | 2} 1 .. Desk |2f [3 1 .. |... 1 ...[... |... j... j... BRASS BUTTS AUE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS AS FOLLOWS : Size Inch | ±\ f | ^ 1 X 1 1& \ lj \ 1| | lfr | 1| Narrow.... Siz e of Screw 1 1 1 | 1 |2 | 2 |3 |4 | 4 | 4 Middle ~ |Q [1 jl [2 |2 [3 |4 |4 |T" Broad [0 |1 |1 j 2 |2 [3 |4 |4 | 4 Desk [1 [2 \2 [4 |4 |4 [4 |5 [5 Size ..Inch | If | 1|| 2 | 2j | 2^ | 2f | 3 | 3j | 3^ Narr ow.... Size of Screw [4 [5 | 5 | 5 |6 | 6 | 7 | 7 «| 8 Middle | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 Broad |4 |5 |5 | 5 |6 |7 |7 |7 |8 Desk | 6 | 6 | 7 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... EMERY AND CORUNDUM ARE RANKED OR GRADED AS FOLLOWS : Nos. 8-10 Represents a Wood rasp. " 16-20 " Rough file. " 24-30 " Middle cut file. 11 36-40 " Bastard cut file. 11 46-60 " Second cut file. " 70-80 " Smooth cut file. 11 90-100 " Superfine cut file. " 120-FFF " Dead smooth file. Baeder & Adainson's Emery Paper and Cloth COMPARE WITH GRADE AS FOLLOWS : Nos | OOP | 00 | | 100 | | | 1 | H 1 2 | 2£ |~3 Emery.... | Crocus | Flour | 12u | 100 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 54 | 46 73 IF YOO SELL SORE ^t'Ts. iuu u^u QR SH0J P3^ oo fc=J) Only Single Ring Ever Invented that Closes on the Outside of the Nose. c/d =3 O o OP* 9 CO C5 §3 © ^ P=3 BROWN'S ELLIPTICAL RING AND TRIPLE GROOVE BOS AND PIS RINGER. No sharp points in the nose to keep it sore. CHAMBERS, BERING, QUINLAN 00. DECATUR, ILLINOIS. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.] DIFFERENT STANDARDS FOR WIRE GAUGE IN DSE IN THE UNITED STATES. Dimensions of Sizes, in Decimal Parts of an Inch. u 3 ►48 O fe ft *8 3*i if* 1 Wasbb'u & 1 Moen Mfg. 1 Co.,Worces- | ter, Mass. Trenton Iron Co., Trenton, N.J. G. W. Pren- tiss, Ho'.- yoke, Mass. 1 Old Enclish 3.2 a * o ao Be 000000 .46 000000 ooooo .43 .45 ooooo 0000 .46 " ' '.ihi .393 .4 0100 000 .40964 .425 .362 .36 .3586 000 00 .3648 .38 .331 .33 .3282 00 .32495 .34 .307 .305 .2994 1 .2893 .3 .283 .285 .2777 1 2 .25763 .284 .263 .265 .2591 2 3 .22942 .259 .244 .245 .2401 3 4 .20431 .238 .225 .225 .223 « 4 5 .18194 .22 .207 205 .2047 5 6 .16202 .203 .192 .19 1885 6 7 .14428 .18 .177 .175 1758 7 8 .12849 .165 .162 .16 .1605 8 9 .11443 .148 .148 .145 .1471 9 10 .10189 .134 .135 .13 .1351 10 11 .090742 .12 .12 .1175 .1205 11 12 .080808 .109 .105 .105 1065 12 13 .071961 .095 .092 .0925 .0928 13 14 .064084 .083 .08 .08 .0816 .C ►83 14 15 .067068 .072 .072 .07 . .0726 .1 72 15 16 .05082 .065 .063 .061 .0627 .( 65 16 17 .045257 .058 .054 .0525 .0546 .C 58 17 18 .040303 .049 .047 .045 .0478 .C 49 18 19 .03589 .042 .041 .04 .0411 .( 4 19 20 .031961 .035 .035 .035 .0351 .C 35 20 21 .028462 .032 .032 .031 .0321 .( 315 21 22 .025347 .028 .028 .028 .029 .( >295 22 23 .022571 .025 .025 .025 .0261 .( 27 23 24 .0201 .022 .023 .0225 .0231 .( 25 24 25 .0179 .02 .02 .02 .0212 .( 23 25 26 .01594 .018 .018 .018 .0194 .( 205 26 27 .014195 .016 .017 .017 .0182 .C 1875 27 28 .012641 .014 .01'; .016 .017 .C 165 28 29 .011257 .013 .015 .015 .0163 .( 155 29 30 .010025 .012 .014 .014 .0156 .( 1875 30 31 .008928 .01 .0135 013 .0146 .( 1225 31 32 .00795 .009 .013 .012 .0136 .C 1125 32 33 .00708 .008 .011 .011 .013 .( 1025 n 34 .006304 .007 .01 .01 .0118 .( 1095 34 35 .005614 .005 .0095 .0095 .0109 .( 09 35 36 .005 .004 .009 .009 .01 .( 075 36 37 .004453 .0085 .0085 .0095 .( 065 37 38 .003965 .008 .008 .009 .( mis 38 39 .003531 .0075 .0075 .0083 .( K)5 * 39 40 .003144 .007 .007 .0078 .( 045 40 75 MERIDEN Cuffitjprs. The cutting edges will stand the hard- est use and aremuch more durable than any other made. When worn out can be repaired at slight expense, making tool as good as new. THE YANKEE EAVES TROUGH HANGERS Have stood the test of the New England climate for the last 15 years. Twice as many of the so-called cheap Hangers are required on a trough to give the same strength. These are much stronger than any other, are more convenient Imp'd Yankee Eaves Though Ranger. MeridExV, Conn- to put up, easily ad- justed, in short a per- fect article for hanging Eaves Troughs. Any tinner giving them a fair trial will use no other at any price. We shall soon have agents at all central points in the United States and Canada. If your whole- sale dealer doesn't'have them write us, and we will give you the address of our nearest agents, so you can order from them and save freight. Mention where you saw this advertisement. Northfield Knife Co. MANUFACTURERS OF WITH HAND-FORGED BLADES ONLY. SHEARS AND RAZOES, NORTHPIEUIJ, OONN. PREMIUMS AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE: Exposition Universelle, International Exhibition, Centennial Exhibition, Phila., 1876. Paris, 1878. Melbourne, 1881. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Size, Weight, Length and Strength of Iron Wire. BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE. 1 s Weight of 100 Yards. o . .y a ® _ Length of 1 Bundle. Length of ICwt. L)IBECT S rRAIN. 1 5 2 Area of Section . M to %-z No. Inches. Lbs. Lbs. Yards. Yards. Sq. in, Lbs. 5-0 546 161 CO 2830 39 70 163 13070 4-0 425 140 00 2460 45 80 142 11350 3-0 394 120 00 2113 52 93 122 9755 2-0 363 102 00 1794 62 110 103 8280 331 84 72 1490 74 132 086 0880 1 300 68 75 1210 91 162 071 5650 9 280 59 90 1054 105 187 062 4930 3 260 51 65 909 121 215 053 4250 4 240 44 00 775 143 255 045 3620 5 220 37 00 651 170 3C3 038 C040 6 200 30 56 538 203 361 031 2510 7 185 26 15 461 239 428 0265 2220 8 170 22 10 389 286 509 023 1840 9 155 18 36 323 342 609 0195 1560 10 140 14 97 264 420 747 016 1280 11 125 11 95 211 529 9C9 0125 1000 12 110 9 24 163 700 1244 010 800 13 095 7 05 124 893 1589 0071 568 14 085 5 51 97 1142 2031 0057 456 15 075 4 29 76 1468 2608 0044 352 16 065 3 22 57 1954 3473 0033 264 17 057 2 48 44 2540 4515 0026 208 18 050 1 91 34 S150 5600 0020 160 19 045 1 55 27 4085 7246 0016 128 20 040 1 22 21 4912 9168 0013 104 21 035 94 " 17 6416 11980 0010 80 22 030 69 12 8736 16300 0007 r.o Sizes Expressed in Fractions of an Inch, 15-32 in. —No. 5-0 full 7-16 in.— No. 4-0 full 13-32 in.— No. 3-0 full 3-8 in.— No. 2-0 full 11-32 in. —No. Ofull 5-16 in.— No. 1 full. 9-32 in.— No. 2 1-4 in.— No. 3} 7-32 in.— No. 5 3-16 in.— No. 7 5-32 in.— No. 9 77 1-8 in —No. 11 1-10 in —No. 13 full 1-1 2 in —No. 14 1-16 in.— No. 16 1-32 in.— No. 22 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Telegraph and Telephone Wire. FROM TRENTON IRON COMPANY LIST. WEIGHT per Mile-Ohm. — This terra is to be understood as distinguishing the resistance of tnaterial only, and means the weight of 6uch material required per mile to give the re- sistance of one ohm. To ascertain the mileage resistance of any wire, divide tho "weight per mile-ohm " by the weight of the wire per mile. Thus in a grade of Extra Best Best, of which the weight per mile-ohm is 5,000, the mileage iesistance of No. 6 (weight per mile 525 lbs.) would be about 9>y t ohms ; and No. 14 steel wire, 6,500 lbs., weight per mile-ohm (95 lbs. weight per mile), would show about 69 ohms. The grades of LINE WIRE are generally known to manufacturers, consumers, and the trade in this country, as " Extra Best Best " (E. B. B), "Best Best " (B. B.), " Be-t " (B.), and " Steel." The " Extra Best Best " is made of the very best iron, as nearly pure as any commercial iron, soft, tough, uniform, and of very high conductivity, its weight per mile-ohm being about 5,000 lbs. The " Best Best" is of excellent iron, showing in mechanical tests almost as good results as the E. B. B., but not quite as soft, and being somewhat lower in conductivity ; weight per mile-ohm about 5,700 lbs. Some manufacturers have ceased to make the grade known as "Best" — which term has become to some extent a misnomer, as it has been much applied to inferior wire hardly suited for telegraphic purposes, and having a weight per mile-ohm of 6,000 to 7,000 lbs. It is found that wire made from Bessemer or Open-Hearth Steel, low in carbon, gives better satisfaction, being tougher and stronger than iron wire that can be furnished at an equal price per pound, and offering no more resistance to the electric current. This "Steel" wire is well suited for Telephone or short Telegraph Lines, and the weight per mile-ohm is about 6,500 lbs. The following are (approximately) the weights per mile of various sizes of Galvanized Telegraph Wire, drawn by Trenton Iron Oo.'s gauge: Hi 6, », 11, 12, 14, No. 4. Lbs. 720, 610, 525, 450, 375, 310, 250, 200, 160, J25, 95. Telegraph Wire is frequently made by Birmingham wire gauge, but wire of any desirea weight per mile can be made to order. Sizes of Wire Used in Telegraph and Telephone Lines. Has not been much used until recently ; is now used on important lines where the multiplex systems a?e applied. Little used in the United States. Used for important circuits between cities. Medium size for circuit* of 40 ) miles or less. For similar locations to No. 8, but on Bomewhat shorter circuits ; until lately was the size most largely used in this country. For shorter circuits, railway telegraphs, private lines, police and fire alarm lines, &c. For telephone lines, police and fire alarm lines, &c. For telephone lines and short private lines ; steel wire is used most generally in these sizes. The Coating op Telegraph Wibe with zinc as a protection rgj-inst oxidation is now ♦«?-£$ ** mi ? ed '° be , the most efficacious methoa. Some years ago telegraph wire used Jni^w d n D8eed m b Wh \ Ch prOCC88 Cost less than g^nizing *rd protected the wire ?« ?w 17 ' e -^ Cept ? h ? e i fc was exp ° 8ed to the action of eea air ^ <*n still be coated in that manner if required ; but a good coat of zinc is the best protection against rust? and wire so coated is moreover a better conductor than plain wire. ' No. 5. No. 6. No, 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. No. 13. No. 14. ThS^w PH Wire Above is an illustration of the ordinary "telegraph joint." Sk£?Sn5l«SS?-^fti ll,ie the * tte -; henc * the advantage of the present method of 2Mte rf T-?^^°J 10 ° ft8 - (or even 150 H> 8 -> i ° 8tead of (as a few had MnhK™ ™~1\, ™ ^° int - S * 8h ° uld be caref u"y ™<* "nd well soldered over, for a had joint may cause as much resistance to the electric current as several miles of wire. 78 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Wires of Yarious Metals Compared. The following table is given by Mr. David Kirkaldy, of London, to exhibit the tensile strength and resistance to tension of wire made of various ma- terials. lens Tested. Pulling Stress ier square inch Specin Hard. Pounds. Annealed. Pounds. C3.122 81.156 C5.F34 C5.321 120.976 159.515 151.119 12° 141 120.90. 37.002 Brass 51.550 Charcoal Iron 46 ".60 Coke Iron 61.294 Steel 74.637 Phosphor Bronze, t. it No No No No 1 58.853 2 64.569 (1 M 3 54. in U II 4 53.371 Specimens TestecJ Copper Brass Charco ' Iton Coke Iron Steel Phosphor Bronze, No. 1. " ■* No. 2. " " No. 3. " " No. 4. Extension per cent Annealed. Hard. 34.1 3'3.5 28. 17. 10.9 46.6 42.8 44.9 42.4 14.7 43. 13.3 15.3 17.3 13. No. twists in 5 inches . Annealed. 53 Of the eight pieces of steel tested three btoodfrom4j to 45 twi3ts,'a'-'l Ave stood from ljtf to 4 twists. Relatire Malleability of the Metals, 1. Gold. 2. Silver. Copper. Tin. Platinum. Lead. Zinc, Iron. Si>ecific Resistances cf Metals. Copper 1.00 Silver 98 Gold 1.13 Iron 5.63 Lead 10.76 Mercury 50.00 Palladium 5.50 Platinum 6.78 Tin Wire 6.80 Zinc Wire 3.70 Braes Wire 3.88 German Silver Wire. 11.30 Nickel Wire 7.70 Calcium Wire 2.61 Aluminium Wire.... 1.75 List of Conductors and Non-Conductors, la which each substance named conducts betUr than that which precedes it ; the first being the best insulator, the last the best conductor 1. Dry Air. 2. Paraffine. 3. Hard Kubber. 4. Suellac. 5. India Rubber. 6. Gutta Percha. 7. bulphur. Waen a wire of small resistance and an insulator of great resistance are employed upou a line the highest excellence is secured, since the lower the r^istancein the former the bett-r is the transmission, and the higher the reactance in the latter the less the waste of the current 8. Glass. i 15. Saline Solu- 90 Tin. y. Silk. tions. 21. Iron. 10. Dry Paper. 16. Acids. 22 Platinum n. Puree ain. 17. Charcoal or 23 Z'nc. 12. Dry Wood. Cike. 94 Gold. 13. Dry Ice. 18. Mercury. as. Copper. 14. Water. 1 19. Lead. 26. Silver. 79 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. TABLE SHOWING THE DIAMETEB IN DECIMALS OF AN INCH, AND THE NUMBER OF FEET IN ONE POUND, OF EACH GAUGE IRON WIBE, AS DRAWN BY WASHBURN & MOEW WIBE GAUGE. No. Decimals of inch. Feet in pound. No. Decimals of inch. Feet in pound. 000 .362 2.873 15 .072 72.984 00 .331 3.444 16 .063 95.396 .323 3.619 17 .054 129.873 1 .283 4.698 18 .047 172.401 2 .263 5.444 19 .041 222.222 3 .244 6.333 ; 20 .035 301.249 4 .225 7.460 21 .032 370.036 5 .207 8.809 | 22 .028 476.190 6 .192 10.270 23 .025 640.74 7 .177 12.047 24 .023 879.03 8 .162 14.365 25 .020 1189.71 9 .148 17.238 26 .018 1485.62 10 .135 20.698 27 .017 1872.71 11 .120 26.174 1 28 .016 2361.42 12 .105 34.254 29 .015 2978.91 13 .092 44.655 30 .014 3754.83 14 .080 59.174 TABLE SHOWING CORRESPONDING SIZES OF STUBS' STEEL WIBE OR BODS, TO THE DIVISIONS OF AN INCH. Nos.2 12 21 28 30 3". 42 4S 52 56 61 a if BI 1 B* 8 Hi "G 7 4 A 1 A A b 3 * A MESH OF COAL SCREENS USED BY THE PBINCIPAL COAL DEALEBs. 2£, 2i and 2 inch Screens Furnace Coal. l'| and lj ■« " Stove out of Egg Coal. l| and 1 " " Nut out of Stove. I and £ " M Stove Coal. I and § " •' Nut " I " »• Pea " t 3 5 " " Brickmakers' Dust. MESH OF FANMXtt-MILL WIRE CLOTH. The ordinary widths are 20, 21,22 and 24 inch, and the Meshes for cleaning Seed are : For Wheat 4x4 or 5x5 11 Corn and Oats 2x2 " Rye 3x3 " Cockle 8x8 or 9x9 " Peas 2x4 or 2x5 " Clover 13x13 or 14x14 " Clover from Sand... 20 or 22 Mesh " Timothy 16x16, 18x18 or 20x20 ' ' Cheat 2x9, 10 or 12, or 8x10, 11 or 12 " Flax 4x13, 4x14 or 4x16 80 *2L HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. TABLE OF WEIGHTS, Showing Estimated Number of Pounds of Barbed Wire Required to Fence Space or Distances Mentioned, with. One, Two or Three Strands. 1 Stband. 2 Stbands. 3 Stbands. 1 Square Acre 57.5 lbs. 115 lbs. 172 lbs. 1 Side of a Square Acre. 15« " 28^ " 42% « 1 Square Half -Acre 40>r " 81 •« 121# " 1440 " 2880 " 4320 " 1 8ide of 1 Square Mile. 36J '• 720 «« 1080 " 1>8 " 1}i " 3% ■« 100 Koda in Length 112X " 225 " 337^ 100 Feet in Length 7 " 14 " 21 " When Posts There aro required Total cost of 1 mil* of fence when are placed for each Btrand of wire, posts cost 12>;c. each, and wire and apart. for one mile of fence. . . staples cost 7%c. 11 3 Stbands. }. for galvanized. Feet Posts. Lbs. of Staples Lbs. of WlBE. 4 Stbands. 8 060 IK 360 $167 w $196 35 10 528 h% 360 149 00 180 39 12 440 *% 360 139 78 168 07 ux 320 3X 360 124 45 152 68 20 264 3 360 117 40 145 53 25 212 w 360 110 74 138 80 30 176 2 360 106 16 134 22 33 160 1% 360 104 09 132 15 Number of Wires and Distances Between Posts. Although fences are sometimes made of two wireB, to fence against cattle only, experts recommend no less than three, and as many more as desirable. Five wires mate a good fence— such is used by nearly all the railroad companies. The following are the distances apart at which the wires are generally placed : Two-wire fence, 1st wire 22 inches, 2d wire 44 inches from the ground. Three-wire fence, 1st wire 16 inches, 2d wire SO inches, 3d wire 48 inches from the ground. Four-wire fence, 1st wire 12 inches, 2d wire 24 inches, 3d wire 36 inches, 4th wire 48 inches from the ground. Five-wire fence, 1st wire 8 inches, 2d wire 15 inches, 3d wire 24 inches, 4th wire 36 inches, 5th wire 48 inches from the ground. One less strand may be used with four -point than two-point wire. The height of the legal fence Taries *8 follows : Four feet high in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Delaware and Idaho. Four and a half feet high in Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Tennessee, Kansas, Nebraska, Col- orado, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, Montana, Dakota and Utah. Five feet in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky, North Caro- lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Ar- kansas, California, and Washington and Wyoming Territories. 81 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 2? I D .! Sat «! b2E HOC~ 0.° Us? > S a ifiSISS S S 3 -s © t— io c = a en e3 08, ia o c o is s m nadaaaa h r-c — i-i ri c s c >e i Sui IS C f f< c ?• >» a a a -2 _ OS eS OB ^ ^ •a "d "o fl *c © - J e = a e a a a a a a ««<«.-• — *. "3 — -~ — -~ .« -, -~ «, .« .« ; ; 03coco rr3-.«i2 ^* so ■* — x i- n CD i.= ^„*^ 5 « X .5 E f o CO o g g £ « ° CO cc - = •' cc < « o ; < 00 a S o -a CO la sicr""** , cr cn ^i-i3»©u-rtcs > IT. OC CO 00 CN •cce ■ccc a a a oS OS 08 CO < z H D O CO < I- X LU 2c 5 H fcitf 8 05 bee C9 CD - c a ft> » •« O es S = - = •8 s. a CC co H t3- - ?<* " •o o 5 S. . -a- - •a o ss 6* fcn o a a CN "a.. _ ©•0*0 rg lOt-iO •OTJ .** 2 - E a k c * c £< £ S h a a ©fc fc M oS ol • 63 * PS. : «- «h : Kg : x * : «-2 ! O a . »5 f- a, S§d On < 2 -» fc£g g§| £ x« S««^^.«a? . . .g c, . e ".*.o !" i^ • 5 • *xi !g:4 z 5 ^ 3 S £ s' ! ^ 1/ H • 5^ 82 HO PKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. CO -J < z Ui DC LU LU co o < a z CO Ll O CO LU o < o o z < X 1- o z LU -1 •sa^idg : *"* : so ui -# co ci r-i : •Surairj t- 1> c- rH tH r-l 02 - M 02 rH O O O- O S_> •ooo^qox : : inoihhooo : : : th i—i th r-t i—i i—i so't~ 00 © ' •aiSntqg 1 : : j : : : :'jiitooio -*■«■* : :: i—i i—i i—i : sptug; Suijooxj HH©ooooi> : r-l r-l rH i—l ; xog paqreg; : :so : -t» hx -«* -^ so . o^ncowiNHHOoojco rH ; i— IHHr IHr 1 i-H i— 1 rH xog qioorag : : so : • -I'M ~,M HW 1*N SO :rt-*WW(M(NHH005ClOO rH ; i— Irtrlr lr-(i— li-li— 1 rH •9otsbo : : so : so iia^nwffiwHHoSooo i-l JHp li-lr-li— li— (i— lr-lr-1 •lausg; tH r-l r-i r-i ^ CO 00 • • iH r-l r-l : : •owitf : : t> so : : so : : •Suiqsini^ peqwff # q^oorag : : *• : . • rH . so : so ia •<* co * : eo .wciHHOooaox • rt JHr Ir-lr-ir-li— li— i ; paqi«g : jio : "* : co ci3^ • r-i : i—i i—i r-i i—i i—i i—i : •nointnoo : : so : ; I i— i ; w : co co ci ci — ■ -* rH J 1— 1 l-H r-l rH i— 1 r-i © oi od sc so -hh co co : •qoui 'q^Suaq; HHHHCJWNIMnWOitHIOLlO ; •saztg : : — JS | j cn eo t3 i-d'd CO | -# us ■~ r3 r? r- r3 rrj frj rrj erj r-J rrj r-^ . L-xesciNttocooo • nHH«n^ia«3 ; 83 u ed *2 jh ^ 22 525 S< E=3 Sz" e c- St ■-4 O SS * iii ^ in pi £Q z & 5° Ht-lO C* -- -< OCIHMrt Sagoou I 2 § 3 . S :§5§ •Sm?BTS T3 . m> fafii spBig Suuooij: xog p9qj«g xog q^oomg •Stnsno i-i • e» •© §2 iseoisf ect-io-* OffltlC ICM — — — co . ■* © © oe © © — t- £> -* o \a © co c- >o eo so '8UtJ 8mqsiaij£ paqasg Snxqamti •qoano uomnioo paqjBg •aomtnoo CO -CO .-*©0CX-*OS'OC--*"* S ." . cc ;="^= CO «S -* © OS t- .© in >OS .I8"*«NHHH © UO © lO © CO t- os .i»cn«i © t- CO OS CO t- oo © »o co co o» > (M. . t- CO ift CO • ■* ■«C»rtH co • o • eoes ( 2 .a = ^ * a a"* is S "S o -• -3 © CO rH O g ^ a § B S 5 o o o . n S •q;3nai = -^".*^ >t^^ *»! £ * * ->1 CM C* CO CO CO •* ■* ifl if. c c ' CO :LZO "0-0"0 *0"OT3T3T3T3"0"0"DT3"D'0'5x 85 BARNES' PATENT FOOT-POWER MACHINERY This Class of Machinery was first placed in the Market by us, and already they are Known Throughout the World as the ©EY MACHINES TO COMPETE WITH STEAM POWER. Complete Outfit for Actual Workshop Business. Lathes for Wood or Metal. Circular Saws, Scroll Saws, Formers, Mortisers, Tenoners, etc. SCROLL SAW BLADES. All Lengths and Sizes. S Hardware Dealers should ^ keep these MACHINES and -^--'"■^ BLADES in stock. M ^«r — A Libfr&l Discount is Given. Barnes' Foot Power Machinery. Workers of Wood or Metal, without steam power, using outfits of these Machines, can bid lower, and save more money from their jobs, than by any other means for doing their work. Also for Industrial Schools or Home Training. With them boys can acquire jour- neymen's trades before they "gro forthemselves." Price-List Free. W. F. «fc JOHN BARNE8 CO_ No. 79g. Knby St., Koekford, III. ON THE ROAD TO RICHES By ^cm:. . IVE^LELEiFL Practical Hints for Clerks and ■Young Business Men On Buying and Selling Goods, Selling Goods on the Road, Business Correspond- ence, Drumming, and all Matters Pertaining to Business. Leaving Home. City or Country - Which ? The First Step. Taking Hold. The Retail Clerk. A Permanent Situation. Personal Expenses. Lessening Competition. Telling Tales Out of School. Anchors. A Step Higher. At the Desk. CaBh. Selling Goods. CONTENTS : The Traveling Man. Leaves from a DrummcrV Ex- perience A Drummer's Experience— Con- tinue^. "On the Road"— Sel ing. "On the Road" — Collecting. "On the Road'— Collecting— Continued. ' Wi 1 You le a Partner?*' I Starting in Business. ; Buying Goods. Store Assistants. I Arranging Stock, Insurance,etc Advertising. Selling Goods. Dunning. Attention to Details. Speculation. Letting Well Enough Alone. Business Losses. '• Mind Your Own Business." Business Man's Recreations. Growing Rich. A Very Successful Man. Mr. Damschotter's Failure. Our New Traveling Man. Tom Bailev's Wife. Sent Postpaid on Receipt of the Price, S 1 .50, by HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade St., New York, Who will include a copy of "HANDY NOTES" es a Premium. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. tf I O Q- az LU a. CO LU * I X o 0- CL •3ZI9 IXOHddV •wvia •aoavo m«ot-oo©iH | «o t- oo o> ■-! « i I t-gooi-ieoiaaoi-Htoi HHHHHflCI' |oo»H«o»HiooiaHO ■--■ a rH r-l i-l rH C* 55 CO CO ■* U» . O I->*lOOie*U50l/"-.-<©t-S-. COlOt-»!D HHP(«MW95i<>aiOffl»OC<5^» IlOW^-^OOCOOSlffl-"*" i-l i-H W «M C* CO CO ■* X3 h ■* » i 5«^0<00»01«»HOC * 1 i»«K59>*ot-iftt-efO»f)Miaffi» 1 ih -^ c^ cs eo ■* -* »o «o t- o» <-H eo » eo rH gc o 1 1 I 3 i-l 00 0 CO > OlNffl © C t- a-: -IB .Hoc-w-iSnS-S-'S-'IS t- CO CO ox(o »««««ClrlHHIHHrtFlbOb006 © O ■§•3 H ft 1 = i a co ■* *i cbi • oo o» O »- CN CO ■ ;°s§! 87 The Only machine that received an award on both Horse-power and Thresher and Cleaner, at the Centennial Exhibition awarded the two last Cold Medals S iven D 5 the New York State Agricultural Society on Horse-powers and Thresher* ; |i the only Thresher selected from the vast number built in the United States, for illustration and description in "Appleton's Cycle h of Applied Mechanics," recently published, thus adopting it as the Standard machine of this country. Buy the t>6St* ■ Cheap68t ^ the end. Catalogue teat fn*. Address, lUKAftD 11ABOEH, CobletkUl, ScbobarW Co., Ii. Y. ♦TO THE HARDWARE TRADE* WE HAVE ON HAND REMAINING FROM EDITIONS PUB- LISHED PREVIOUS TO 1888, A FEW COPIES OF HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES," WHICH WE WILL CLOSE OUT AT Twenty-Five Cents Each, or Five Copies for One Dollar. Sent Post-paid on receipt of price, which can be sent in Postal Note or ONE-CENT Stamps. HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade street, New York. SEE PAGE XOO. A. W. 8XSK0: This Poke has HO equal in the world. It will prevent the worst of unruly Mules or Horses from pushing or jumping fences or being injured by barbed wire, and is made extra strong. The head or cross piece is hinged at one end and closes with a spring lock at. the other end. The essence of strength and convenience. Patented in TJ, S., Nov. 9, 188G ; in Canada, July 2, 1887. BEREA, OHI« MANUFACTURER OF THE I. X. L., Honeer anfl American Poies HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.I Table of Iron, Steel, Copper and Brass Wire. WEIGHT OP 100 FEET IN POUNDS. BIRMINGHAM WTRE GAUGE. Brass and Copper Wire from to 25 is numbered by Stubs' Gauge. Fine Wire from No. 26 is numbered by London Gauge. No. of PER LINEAL FOOT. Gauge. Iron. Steel. Copper. Brass. 0000 54 62 55 13 62 39 58 93 000 47 86 48 32 54 67 51 64 00 38 27 38 63 43 71 41 28 30 63 30 92 34 99 33 05 1 23 85 24 07 27 24 25 73 2 21 37 21 57 24 41 23 06 3 17 78 17 94 20 3 19 18 4 15 01 15 15 17 15 16 19 5 12 82 12 95 14 65 13 84 6 10 92 11 02 12 47 11 78 7 8 586 8 667 9 807 9 263 8 7 214 7 283 8 241 7 783 9 5 805 5 859 6 63 6 262 10 4 758 4 803 5 435 5 133 11 3 816 3 852 4 359 4 117 12 3 148 3 178 3 596 3 397 13 2 392 2 414 2 723 2 58 14 1 826 1 843 2 085 1 969 15 1 374 1 387 1 569 1 482 16 1 119 1 13 1 279 1 208 17 8915 9 1 018 9618 18 6363 6423 7168 6864 19 4675 472 534 5043 20 3246 C277 3709 3502 21 2714 274 31 2929 22 2079 2098 2373 2241 23 1656 1672 1892 1788 24 1283 1295 1465 1384 25 106 107 1211 1144 26 0859 0867 0981 0926 27 0678 0685 0775 0732 28 0519 0524 0593 056 29 0448 0452 0511 0483 30 0382 0385 0436 0412 31 0265 0267 0303 0286 32 0215 0217 0245 0231 33 017 0171 0194 0183 34 013 0131 0148 014 35 0066 0067 0076 0071 56 0042 0042 0048 0046 89 THE TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847.) MANUFACTURERSrOF m STEEL WIDE OF ALL IKXCTDS. Rolled Rods of Refined Iron and Steel, WORKS AND OFFICE: AT TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. NEW YORK OFFICE': 17 BURLING SLIP. Philadelphia Office: 22 North Fourth Street. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Wire Standard Hoisting Ropes, With 6 Strands of 19 Wires Each. TRADE NUMBERS, SIZES, WEIGHT AND STRENGTH. IRON. rrj (h l|H H3 d E — fl §"Sc/2 1 2i 7 7.75 74 15 154 8 • 2 2 6£ 6.11 65 13 m 7 3 If 6* 5.09 54 11 13 6± 4 If 5 4.00 44 9 12 5 5 1± 4? 3.55 39 8 11| 4* 5* H A* 2.90 33 6* iot *4 6 1* 4 2.42 27 5£ H 4 7 U 94 1.95 20 4 8 3* 8 i 1* 1.53 16 3 7 3 9 I 2? 1.16 11.50 2* 6 11 10 3 1 8 2| 0.85 8.64 1! 5 10* 2 0.60 5.13 41 2 10£ l 6 If 0.47 4.27 1 4 If lOf s> 1# 0.37 3.48 3£ l| io| i H 0.26 2.50 4 3 1 CRUCIBLE STEEL. 1 2i 7 7.75 164.69 32.90 9 2 2 6| 6.11 132.37 26.50 8 3 If 64 5.09 108.13 21.63 7^ 4 If 5 4.00 97.17 19.44 6 5 H 43 3.55 86.38 17.30 m 5J- .84 if 2.90 72.33 14.46 14 5± 6 U 4 2.42 50.17 10.00 121 5 7 14 14 1.95 38.00 7.70 11 4* 8 l >f 1.53 29.20 5.80 9 4 9 £ 1.16 21.55 4.00 8 3 f 3* 10 I 9^ ^8 0.85 14.99 3.00 6i 10| 2 0.60 12.53 2.50 5? 3 10^ 16 If 0.47 8.81 1.75 5± 2| 10f i 0.37 7.52 1.50 H 2 «ST The weights above stated are for Ropes with Hemp Cen. ters. For Eopes made with Wire Centers, add TEN PER CENT, to these weights. Also, see Table of Galvanized Strand. 91 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES.! Spring Cotters and Keys and their Applications SPRING COTTERS. No 30 31 32 33 , 34 35 36 37 38 39 I Wire Gauge... 13 13 11 11 7 7 4 4 1 1 For Hole & & i *| A A \ i A ft For Nuts 1 1 |l #1 f 1 1 u H H SPRING KEYS. No "Wire Gauge. For Hole For Bolts 000 00 1 H 2 3 4 12 12 12 11 n 10 10 10 A A & i 1 A A A t 1 7 ft I 1 1 a i Wire Bale Ties. Nos. 16, 15, 14, 13 and 12 are put up in bundles of 250 Ties, Nos. 11, 10 and 9 wire are put up in bundles cf 125 Ties and run in length from 6 feet to 11| feet. Other Sizes and Lengths made to order as required. To get length of Tie required, add three inches to the meas- ure around the bale when under pressure. SIZE AND LENGTH OF TIES IN GENERAL USE. For 17X22 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8£ or 9 feet long ; No. 14 wire for heavy work, and No. 15 for light work. For 14x18 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8£ or 8£ feet long ; No. 14 wire for extra or extreme heavy work ; No. 15 for heavy and medium work, and No. 16 for light work. For 12x15 Perpetual Presses, use Ties T| f 7| or 8 feet long ; No. 15 wire for heavy work, and No. 16 for medium or light work. For Upright Hand Presses, use No. 14 or No. 15 wire. For Upright Light Horse Presses, use No. 14 wire. For Upright Heavy Portable or Light Stationary Horse Presses, use No. 13 wire. For Upright Heavy Stationary and 'Beater Presses, use No. 12, No. 11 and No. 10 wire, according to the size of bale and number of Ties used. For Broom Corn, Wool, Cotton, Hides, etc., or other mate- rials put up in heavy bales, use No. 9, No. 10 or No. 11 wire. 92 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. ROUND OR OVAL-HEAD IRON RIVETS. Number of Kivets in One Pound. APPROXIMATE. Size. 3 S 5 i 2 3 4, 4 5 6 154 ft 188 7 221 8 256 9 3 334 f 32 42 51 57 65 75 80 89 108 131 159 185 215 278 f 29 37 45 50 57 67 70 78 94 114 138 158 185 238 26 33 41 45 51 59 63 70 84 101 122 139 163 208 1 24 30 37 41 46 54 57 63 75 91 109 123 145 185 1 22 28 34 37 42 49 52 57 68 82 98 111 131 166 H 20 2G 31 34 39 45 47 53 63 75 90 101 119 151 M 19 24 29 32 36 42 44 49 58 69 83 93 109 138 a 18 22 27 29 33 39 41 45 54 54 76 86 101 127 17 21 25 28 31 37 38 42 51 59 71 80 94 119 if 15 18 22 24 27 33 34 40 44 55 63 70 82 104 2 13 17 20 22 25 29 30 35 40 47 56 62 73 92 n 12 15 18 19 22 27 28 32 36 42 50 56 66 83 2h 11 14 17 18 20 24 25 29 33 39 46 50 60 75 2| 10 13 15 17 19 22 23 26 30 36 42 46 55 67 Q 9 12 14 15 17 21 22 24 28 33 39 43 51 64 3* 8* 11 13 14 16 19 20 23 26 31 36 40 47 59 1 8 104 12 13* 15 18 19 21 24 29 34 38 44 55 74 i 113 12f 14 17 18 20 23 27 32 35 41 52 4 7} 11 12 13 16 17 18 21 25 30 33 38 49 4* 7 104 11* 12? 15 16 17 20 24 U 6£ 10 10f 12 14 15 16 19 23 4f 6 4 8 H 10 Hi 13f 14f 15f 18 22 5 6 '4 9 11 13 14 15 17 21 5i 5f 8| 104 121 134 144 164 20 5^ 4 7 9 10 12 13 14 16 19 5f 6f 7| 8* 34 114 124 13* 15 18 6 5 6i n 8i n li 12 13 14 17 SHRINKAGE OF CASTINGS. In making allowance for shrinkage in casting, pattern-makers understand that different shapes will shrink differently. The standard table of allowance for shrinkage in use in the best shops of the country is as follows : For Loam Castings ^ inch per foot. " Green Sand Castings fa inch per foot. " Dry Sand Castings..... -V inch per foot. I' Brass Castings w..-^- inch per foot. " Copper Castings ,\ inch per foot. " Bismuth Castings ■£$ inch per foot. '• Tin Castings { inch per foot. " Zinc Castings -£■$ inch per foot. 4 ' Lead Castings ^ inch per foot. ~ 93 BRUCE & COOK. UVIfORTEPLS OF -^METALS TIN PLATE. Roofing Plate, Special Sizes, Block and Bar Tin, Tinners' Solder. SHEET IRON. Russia, Pat. Planished, Galvanized, Double Seaming, Cold Rolled, Common. WIRE. Bright Iron, Annealed Fence, Coppered, Galvanized, Tinned. SOLDER. Ex. Wiping, No.l Refined, No. 1 Capping, Ex. No. 1"B. &C." Half and Half. COPPER. Sheet, Bottoms, Solders, Bolts, Wire, Ingot. SHEET ZINC. American, Spelter. ELBOWS. Russia, Planished, Charcoal. STOVE BOARDS. Stove Bolts, Stovepipe Collars, Stovepipe Dampers, Fire Pots, Rivets, Black, Rivets, Tinned, Kettle Ears. SUNDRIES. Babbit Metal, Antimony, Spelter Solder. Tinsmiths' Tools and Machines, Milk Can Trimmings. Austin s Patent Expanding- Conductor and Spiral-Ribbed Pipe. PATENT ROOFING SEAMER FOR PUTTING TIN TOGETHER. ALL LATEST AND BEST MACHINES FOR ROOFERS AND TINNERS. Eight-foot Seamless Eave Troughs and Cutters, I. XL Ventilators. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Table of Standard or Regular Tin Plates. Size and Kind of Plates — Number and Weight of Sheet? in a Box, and Wire Gauge Thickness, of every Kind an 1 Size. M o H O PQ 45 H o H o J2 V P5 P to B Xi .2 to a Size. Grade. -2 m T3 Size. Grade. Q m 00 as V a « a> a * 18 by 18 IX 112 158 27 '* SDXXX 100 226 24 IXX 112 182 26 " SDXXXX 100 248 23 44 IXXX 112 206 2* 12)6 by 17 DC 100 96 28 11 IXXXX 112 231 24# " DX 100 124 26 22 by 22 IXX 56 135 •?6 ii DXX 100 145 24 44 IXXX 56 25 •* DXXX 100 166 23 '« IXXXX 56 24^ «« DXXXX 100 185 22 24 by 24 IXX 56 157 26 15 by 21 DX 100 183 27 IXXX 56 25 m DXX 100 214 24 ii IXXXX 56 24>£ K DXXX DXXXX 100 100 245 276 23 22 Terne Pla rEs. 25 by 17 DC 50 96 28 14 by 20 IC 112 108 29 44 DX 50 124 26 ii IX 112 136 27 it DXX 50 146 24 20 by 28 IC 112 216 29 it DXXX 50 166 23 44 IX 112 272 27 '• DXXXX 50 185 22 20 by 200 IC 172 29 14 by 20 IC 112 108 29 it IX 216 27 ii IX IXX 112 112 136 157 27 26 Tin Taggei ». •« IXXX 112 178 25 10 by 14 1 450 | 108 | 38 ii ii IXXXX IXXXXXX 112 112 200 240 24X 23# ] iLACK TAGG ERS. 12 by 12 IC 225 ies 29 10 by 14 256 108 32 ii IX 225 136 27 360 108 34 M IXX 225 157 26 44 360 108186 " IXXX 225 178 25 ii 450 108 38 95 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Plrom the " Metal Worker." Cost of Tin Roofing. The following table shows the cost per square and per square foot of tin roofing, laid "with 14x20 tin, with tin at any price from $4 to $10 per box. Thj first column contains the price per box of tin ; the second column shows the cost of tin per square (100 square feet) of smface, and the third column shows the cost of tin per square foot of surface : FLAT SEAM ROOFING- -COST WITH 14x20 TIN. Price of tin per box. $4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 COO 6.25 6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 Cost per square of flat root 14x20 tin. .$2.21.. ,. 2.34... . 2.47... .. 2.60. .. 2.73... .. 2.86.. .. 2.99.. .. 3.12.. . 3.25.. .. 3.38.. .. 3.51... . 3.64... .. 3.77.. .. 3.90.. .. 4.03.. .. 4.16.. Cost per sq. foot. , .0221 .0234 .0247 , .0260 .0273 , .0286 , .0299 , .0312 , .0325 . .0338 .0351 .0364 , .0377 , .0390 . .0403 , .0416 Coat per square of Price of tin flat roof Cost per oer box. 14x20 tin. 6q. foot. $8.25 ...$4.29.. 0429 8.50 ... 4.42.. 0442 8.75 ... 4.55 .. 0455 9.00 . . 4.68... 0468 9.25 ... 4.81... 0481 9.50 .. 4.94... 0494 9.75 ... 5.07... 0507 10.00 ... 5.20... 0520 10.25 ... 5.33... 0533 10.50 ... 5.46... 054G "0.75 ... 5.59... 0559 31.00 ... 5.72... 0572 11.25 ... 5.85... 0585 11.50 ... 5.98... 0598 11.75 ... 6.11... 0611 12 00 ... 6.84... 0624 STANDING SEAM BOOPING— COST WI T H 14x20 TIN. Cost per Cost per square of square of standing seam etnnding seam Price of tin roof with Cost per Price of tin roof with Cost per per box. 14x20 tin. sq. foot. per bar. 14x20 tin. sq. foot. $4.25 ....$2.37 0237 $7.25 7.50 ....$4.03 ... 4.17 .. .0403 4.50 .... 2.51 0251 .. .0417 4.75 .... 2.65 0265 7.75 .... 4.31 .. .0431 5 00 .... 2.79 0279 8.00 ... 4.45 .. .0445 5.25 .... 2.93 0293 8.25 ... 4.59 .. .0459 5.50 ... 3.06 0306 8.50 .... 4.73 .. .0473 5.75 .... 3.20. *.-.. .0320 8.75 ... 4.87 .. .0487 6.00 . .. 3.34 0334 9.00 ... 5.01 .. .0501 6.25 .... 3.48 0348 9.25 .... 5.15 .. .0515 6.50 .... 3.62 0362 9.50 ... 5.29 .. .0529 6.75 .... 3.76 0376 9.75 ... 5.43 . .0543 7.00 .... 3.90 0390 10.00 ... 5.57 . .0557 96 The SARGENT-SPRAGUE CAN OPENER is unequalled for opening tin cans of ANY SHAPE OR SIZE. The DOUBLE FOOT gives it a bearing on both sides of the knife, thus bringing the cutting edge in position to make a CLEAN SHEAR CUT, without leaving the tin torn or ragged ; the double bearing also prevents an unequal strain upon the rivet, and insures durability with RAPID and SATISFACTORY work. Well made. Requires no adjusting. Always ready for use. It is the best and most popular. Door Spring jind Check. Eclipse Spring. | Eclipse Check. THIS will "Stop that Slamming." THE CUT SHOWS THE ECLIPSE DOOR SPRING AND CHFCK APPLIED, USE THE ECLIPSE DOOR SPRING AND CHECK. The Eclipse Spring and Check are used in the counting room of this paper, and have been found to possess all the advantages claimed for them by the manufacturers. They not only close the door tightly, but do it so quietly that persons of the most ner- vous temperament are not annoyed. This little invention is especially useful in homes, and when placed on the doors leading from the kitchen it keeps them closed, thus pre- venting the odor which arises from cooking from permeating the house. — New York Journal of Commerce. — >-^*^>^5^-* BUY THE ECLIPSE. Is tV-e best «*^&«*jaS£« <*«* Tension ot *V an d « re d. 1 1 Hamming- .nts doors ^ omsU do or ^^^anbe^e,-^^^^ Attowstbe batin c8 rtS areinterchangeab^ The parts ar anbe rep o{ breakage any P ^ For Sale by all well regulated Hardware Dealers the World over. Manufactured by SilRG-ENT & CD, HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. Cost of Tin Roofing— Continued. The following table shows the cost per square and per square foot of tin roofing, laid with 20x28 tin, with tin at any price from $8 to $2-4 per box. The first column contains the price per box of tin ; ttia second column shows the cost of tin per square (100 square feet) of surface, and the thiid column shows the cost of tin per square foot of suiface . FLAT SEAM ROOFING — COST WITH 20x28 TIN. Cost per square of Cost per square of Price of tin flat seam roof Cost per Price of tin flat seam roof per box. 20x28 tin. sq. foot. per box. 20x28 tin. sq. foot. $8.00 ...$2.01.... .. .0201 $16.00 ... $4.01 .. .. .0401 8.50 ... 2.13 .. .0213 16.50.... 4.13... .. .0413 9.00 ... 2.26 .. .0226 17.00.... 4.26 .. .. .0426 9.50 ... 2.38. .. .. .0238 17.50.... 4.38... .. .0438 10.00 .... 2.51 .. .0251 18.00.... 4.51... .. .0451 10.50 ... 2.63.... .. .0263 18.50.... 4.63... .. .0463 11.00 ... 2.76.... .. .0276 19-00... 4.76... .. .0476 11.50 ... 2.88.... .. .0288 19.50.... 4.88... .. .0488 12.00 ... 3.00.... .. .0300 20.00.... 5.01... .. .0501 12.50 ... 3.13.... .. .0313 20.50.... 5.13... .. .0513 13.00 ... 3.25 .. .0325 21.00.... 5.26... .. .0526 13.50 ... 3.38 .. .0338 21.50.... 5.38... .. .0538 14.00 ... 3.50 .. .0350 22.00.... 5.51... .. .0551 14.50 ... 3.63 .. .0363 22.50.... 5.63... .. .0563 15.00 ... 3.75 .. .037". 23.00.... .. .. 5.76... .. .0576 15.50 ... S.8H. .. . 0388 STANDING BEAM HOOFING —COST WITH 20x28 TIN. Cost per Cost per square of square or standing seam standing seam Price of tin roof with Cost per Price of tin roof with Cost per per box. 20x28 tin. sq. foot. per box. 20x28 tin. sq. foot. $8.00 $2.15 . .0215 $16.50 $4.42.... . .0442 8.50 2.28 .0228 17.00 4.56 . .0456 9 00 2.41 .0241 17.50 4.69 . .0469 9.50 2.55 .0255 18.00 4.82 . .0482 10.00 2.68 .0268 18.50 4.96 . .0496 10.50 ...... 2.82 .0282 19.00 5.09 . .0509 11.00. 2.95 .0295 19.50 5.23 . .0523 11.50 3.09 .0309 20.00 5.36 .... . .0536 12.00 3.21 . .0321 20.50 5.49 . .0549 12.50 3.35...... .0335 21.00 5.63 . .0563 13 00 3.48 .0348 21.50 5.76 . .0576 13.50 3.62 .0362 22.00 5.90 . .0590 14.00 3 75 .0375 22.50 6.03 . .0603 14.50 3.89 .0389 .0402 23.00 6.17 23.50 6.30 . .0617 15.00 4.02 . .0630 15.50 4.15 .... .0415 24.00 6,43 . .0043 16.00 4.29 .0429 97 BELL'S GALVANIZED WIRE EAVE TROUGH HANGER. in It is made nent, strong, durable, n SOLD BY JOBBERS. Sample Hanger and Descriptive Circular Free on application. J. W. BELL & CO., Mercer, Pa. Sole Manufacturers and Owners of Letters Patent. Chicago Office, 34 Wabash Ave., JAS J COLLINS, Manager. IE* JFLI O E - XjX S T. No. 1 — For 4-in. trough (made from 7 in. of tin) $2 50 No. 2— For 4^-in. trough (made from 8£ in. of tin) 3 25 No. 3— For 5^-in. trough (made from 9£ in. of tin) 3.50 No. 4 — For 5$-in. trough (made from 10 in. of tin) 3 75 It is in great favor with Tin- ners wherever used. DO NOT FAIL TO TRY IT. JOHN MAXWELL, MANUFACTURER OF PATENTED BRASS, Bright Tinned Wire AND JAPANNED Bird Cages. The cheapest and most salable in mar- ket. Catalogues and Price-Lists furnished to the trade. 247 and 249 Pearl St., New York Universal Assistant - -A. 0iT ID- Full Size of Band for Brass and Tinned Wire Cages. Containing a million industrial facts from the Household to the Manufactory. By R. MOORE. Illustrated with 500 engravings. 1000 pages bound in cloth. rioe, $2.50 FOR SALE BY BOOKSELLERS & PUBLISHERS, 99 Reade St., N. Y, HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. RECIPES FOR SOLDERS. SOFT SOLDERS. Among the soft solders to be employed with metals melting at a low temperature, we give the following : Solder for bright tin ware, etc. : " Half & Half." Tin 50 parts. Lead 50 " Solder for roofing, and plumbing joints : "No. 1." Tin 40 parts. Lead 60 " Solder for galvanized ware, etc. : "No. 1. Extra." Tin 45 parts. Lead 55 Solder for pewter : Tin 100 parts. Lead 200 " Solder for sealing iron in stone : Lead 200 parts. Zinc 100 " This alloy is more resisting and adheres better than pure lead. Solders for obtaining casts of medals, coins, etc. : Bismuth 400 or 600 Lead 200 " 200 Tin 200 " 300 This alloy melts between 212 F. (or at water-boiling point) and becomes very liquid. HARD SOLDERS. Above we give the alloys of all soft solders. Herewith we give the constituents and process of making the harder ones : Solder for iron : Copper 67 Zinc 33 Solder for pure copper or ordinary brass : Copper... 3 Zinc 1 Solder for hard brass : Soraps of metal to be soldered 4 Zinc 1 Hard solder for small and thin pieces : Copper Zinc Solder for uniting brass tube seams : Copper... TO'.btm Tin 30) Zinc The proper process of making these aolders is as follows : The copper and zinc are melted in separate crucibles, then added together in a pouring- t>ot and thoroughly mixed, and when at the proper temperature is poured from a certain height upon a bundle of birch twigs, kept wet and agitated at the surface of a tub of water. The solder is thus obtained in the shape of fine grains, having an irregular crystallization. When solder is not suffi- ciently fine it is hammered in a cast-iron mortar and passed through a sieve. 99 86.5 4.5 77.5 22.5 j --' - ' I 'illlinillliMIIIIIIIIIDBIHII wmm IF YOU WANT ANY Fwnp bb Electbotypihb Give us a chance to "Estimate" on the work. We have special facilities for giving you low prices with FIRST-CLASS WORK. HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade St., New York. @g^^^gS^g^@^^@^^@^i^^^>^A^^^^^@@@ HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Table of Weights of Sheet Copper per Square Foot, and Thickness per English Wire Gauge. English Wire Gauge. Weight per eq. foot. Weight of Each Sheet. 14x18 24x48 30x60 36x72 48x72 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 lbs. oz. 14 8 13 14 12 12 11 9 10 1 9 6 8 11 7 14 7 3 6 8 5 12 5 1 4 5 3 9 3 4 2 14 2 8 2 2 1 15 1 12 1 9 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 lbs. lbs. 116 111 102 93 81 75 70 63 58 48 46 41 35 29 26 23 20 18 16 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 lbs. 181 174 159 145 126 118 109 99 90 81 73 64 54 45 41 36 22 27 24 22 20 18 16 15 12 J r 11 9^ 7 lbs. 261 250 230 209 182 169 157 142 130 117 104 91 78 65 59 52 45 39 35 32 29 26 23 21 19 15 13 11 lbs. 348 334 306 278 242 226 209 190 173 156 139 122 104 86 78 70 60 52 47 43 39 6^ 5J 5i 4f 4 3:1 3 35 31 28 25 21 18 15 WEIGHT OF SHEET COPPER PER SQUARE FOOT. inch Thi~k Weighs 3 lbs to the square foot Planished Copper— Boiler Size. Wire Gauge. Size of Sheet. 14x49 14x52 14x57 14x60 14x48 14x48 Weight of Sheets Pounds. Ounces 14 Gutter Copper— 20x72 Inches. Thick- wire Gauge. No. 27 24 23 Thickness of 3Ux60 sheet. Lbs. 10 12 14 Size. 30x6 > 30x60 30x60 Sheet of same thickness 2jx72. Lbs. 9 10 13 Ozs. 2 See Copper Sheathing Sheets. 101 BUCYRUS Copper Kettle Works. BUCYRUS, OHIO. THEJ Kettle Geiger & Bush (proprietors) MANUFACTURERS OF Hand-Hammered COPPER KETTLES Schweitzer Cheese Kettles, Dyers' Kettles, Varnish Kettles, Candy Ket- tles, Soda Water Fountains. Steam Jacket Kettles and all kinds of BLOCK-TIN LIKED COPPER WARE. Stills and Jacket Kettles, Kettles for Druggists, Chemists and Patent Med- icine Manufacturers, Turpentine Stills Fruit-C&nners' Kettles, Batchers' Ket- tles, Be ewers' Kettles, Whiskey Stills, and all kinds of Copper Work for Brewers and Distillers. Prompt at- tention given to repairing. Write for Prices and Circulars. J. GEIGER, MANUFACTURER, BUCYRUS, OHIO. A Stand for setting large Ket- tles on for out-door boiling, by which the heat is kept directly under the kettle, thus becoming very intense, boiling is done in a very short time, and with about half the fuel ordinarily used. It is easily handled and always ready, and can be used for either an Iron or a Brass or a Copper Kettle. It is just the thing needed for general purposes and especially so for boiling Apple Butter, Apple Sauce, Jellies, Feed for Stock and for Soap-Boiling and rendering Lard. Sand for Prices and Circulars. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. SPUN BRASS KETTLES, WEIGHT AND CAPACITY OF. 7 in 1 8" 1} 9 " 2£ 10 " 3 11 " 3£ 12 " 4 13 " 5 14 " r»f 15 " 64 ir» " i\ 17 " 9 lb. \ l H 2 14 3" 4 n 5 G pal .10$ lb .12* « .16£ " .18 " .20 " .23 «' .27^ " .29 «• .32 " .37 " .40 •« 10 gal 12 " 14 " 17 " 18 " 23 " 25 " 30 u 32 " 37" 42 ' ; Number of Copper Belt Rivets and Burs in one Pound. Inch.... i 6 16 f 16 I 9 1 6 1 3 4 1 1 1* U 1* Burs No. 7... 272 250 228 180 164 160 148 112 116 100 84 80 69 345 " 8... 276 248 208 200 178 172 152 136 110 104 96 390 " 9... 340 280 272 248 228 220 184 176 156 136 610 •' 10.. 544 448 384 340 304 300 272 238 204 716 " 12... 588 512 452 404 354 334 304 272 985 11 13... 996 852 532 1630 Copper Hose Rivets and Burs, Size 8 1 6 f 7 16 J 9 1 6 f 1 1 Burs. No. 7.... 11 8.... 308 201 155 181 142 160 133 150 122 135 109 116 97 100 845 390 Copper Oval Head (or Trunk) Rivets and Burs. i 320 5 16 285 1 259 7 1 6 243 i 219 9 16 199 1 177 3 4 159 7 8 137 1 123 1* 113 104 Burs No.9 610 Number of Copper Braziers' Rivets in one Pound. Nos 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 148 100 70 44 34 24 1 18 12 9 6 4 103 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 1 Bar and Sheet Bi ass. 1 WEIGHT IN POUNDS. O oj 3 bt u I i£ «3 u O «-■ 0D O '-' ova So ob si 58 3 A a" 5 11 0&4 52 3r° £ HP55 mm GQtH W»H ^ai» tti'-n OQtH KtH 1-16 2.7 .015 .011 1 1-10 45.95 4.07 3.20 Ji 5.41 .055 .045 J6 49.69 4.55 3.57 3-16 8.12 .125 .1 3-16 51.4 5.08 3.97 X 10.76 .225 .175 X 54. IS 5.65 4.41 5 16 13.47 .350 .275 5-16 56.85 6.22 4.85 % 16. 2 3 .51 .395 % 59.55 6.31 5.35 7-16 19. .69 .54 7-16 62.2.5 7.45 5.85 X 2t.6> .905 .71 X 65. 8.13 6.37 9-16 24.3 1.15 .9 9-16 57.75 8.83 6.92 H 27.12 1.4 1.1 % 70.35 9.55 7. 48 11-16 29.77 1.72 1.35 11-16 73. 10.27 8.05 \ 32.46 2.05 1.60 X 75.85 11. 8 65 13-16 35.18 2.4 1.85 13-16 78.52 11.82 9.29 % 37.85 2.75 2.15 % 71.25 72.68 9 95 15-16 40.55 3.15 2.48 15-16 84. 13.5 10.58 1 43.29 3.65 2.85 2 86.75 14.35 11.25 Bar and SI fieet Co] E>per Weight ii i Pounds. O 1- 9l v « a *1 2 ti II 2 si §§ 2-2.3 22 « 3 J3 O* is 5^ on 2-5 N 0>«a p = s EhOm «2«2 M^ P^^-i Eh«m CC'Ji 02 rH KrH 1-16 2.83 .015 .011 1 1-16 49. 4.35 3.41 > E da Brooklyn. Ex Strong Strong. Medium. Light. Ex Light. Fountain. Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz. % 1 8 1 5 1 2 1 13 10 8 % 3 2 1 12 1 4 1 13 11 % 3 8 2 12 2 S 2 1 12 1 8 1 % 4 8 3 8 3 2 4 2 1 12 1 4 i 6 4 12 4 3 4 2 8 2 1 S l* G 12 5 12 4 12 3 12 8 2 8 2 IX 9 8 6 4 5 4 4 3 8 3 4 2 10 12 9 7 6 5 4 4 LEAD WASTE PIPE. l l 4 inch, 2ft>!> per foot. 2 " 3fl>s * 2% " 4 and 6 IDs.... " 3 " 3X,4X&5fts. " 4 iuch, 4}£, 5, 6 & 8 lbs., .per foot. 4)4 inch, 6, &% &8E>s... " 5 inch, 8, 10 & 12 IDs.... " 6 " 9% and upwards.. " EXTRA WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE. Calibre. 7-16 Thick. % Thick. 5-16 Thick. X Thick. 3-16 Thick. Lb. O/. Lb. Oz. Lb. O/. Lb. Oz. Lb. Oz. 2,5$ inches.. 16 11 13 11 11 7 13 3 " .. 19 10 16 12 9 *X " .. 26 10 21 10 18 5 15 9 8 4 " .. 30 25 21 16 12 8 4% " .. 18 14 5 " .. 31 20 PATEFT FINISH DROP SHOT, AMERICAN STANDARD SIZES. Diameter inlOlthscf an inch. .. IX 3 4 5 6 ..Trap Shot 7 ..Trap Shct 8 ..Trap Shot 9 .TTap Shct .. 10 No of Shot to the oz 84021 107 c 4 4565 2326 1346 1056 848 68- 56S 472 399 338 291 No lr( .( It U It I. . 6 Diameter in lOOths of an inch. 11 No Sill the .of )tto oz. ?1S 5 12 168 4 . 13 1391 No 12 . 3 .. .. 14 106 11 11 . 2 15 86 " 10 1 16 71 " 10 B 17 59 " 9 BB . BBB ... T 18 19 ...... 20 53 " 9 " 8 42 36 « g TT 21 31 •* 7 F 22 27 " 7 FF 23 24 COMPRESSED BUCK SHOT, No. 3. D'ameter in lOOthe of an inch. 25 27 30 No. of Balls to the lb 284 232 173 140 No 00.. " 000. Balls... Diameter in lOOths of an inch. 34 36 38 44 No. of Balls to the B>. 115 9"< S5 50 109 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. RULES FOR COMPUTING WEIGHTS OF METALS. I. — CAST IKON. To find the weight of a cast-iron rod or bar : multiply the weight of a wrought rod or bar from the usual tables, and deduct 2.27 of its weight, II. — WROUGHT IRON. To compute the weight of any piece of wrought iron : find the number of cubic inches it contains and multiply by .2816. This will give the weight in pounds. III. — CAST IRON. Multiply the number of cubic inches by .2607. rv. — COPPER. To compute the weight of copper : ascertain the number of cubic inches, and multiply by .3242. v. — LEAD. To compute the weight of lead : multiply the number of cubic inches by .41015. VI. — BRASS. To compute the weight of brass : multiply the number of cubic inches by .3112. USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES. multiply the length by multiply the diame- To find the area of a parallelogram the breadth. To find the circumference of a circle ter by 3.14159. To find the diameter of a circle : multiply the circumfer- ence by .31831. To find the area of a circle : multiply the square of the diameter by .7854; or, multiply the square of the circumfer- ence by .079577; or, multiply half the diameter by half the circumference. To find the area of a circular ring : multiply the sum of the diameters of the two circles by the difference of the diameters, and that product by .7854. To find the side of a square that shall equal the area of a given diameter or circumference : multiply the diameter of the circle by .886227; or, multiply the circumference of the circle by .282094. To find the diameter of a circle that shall contain the area of a given square : multiply the side of the given square by 1.12838. To find the side of the largest square that can be inscribed in a circle of a given diameter or circumference : multiply the given diameter by .707106; or, multiply the given circumfer- ence by .225079. To find the circumference of a circle required to exactly admit a square of a given side: multiply the given side by .225079. no HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. VALUE OF IRON, VALUE PER GBOSS TON (2240 LBS.) OF IRON AT FROM 1-lOlH OF A CENT TO 10 CENTS PER POUND, INCREASING AT RATE OF 1-1UTH OF A CENT PER POUND. Per Lb. Per Ton . $0,001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.616 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.027 0.028 0.029 0.030 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.034 $2.24 4.48 6.72 8.96 11.20 13.44 15.68 17.92 20.16 22.40 24.64 26.88 29.12 bl.36 33.60 35.84 38.08 40.32 42.56 44.80 47.04 49.28 51.52 53.76 56.00 58.24 60.48 62.72 64.96 67.20 69.44 71.68 73.92 76.16 Per Lb. 1 Per Ton. $0,035 0.036 0.037 0.038 0.039 0.040 0.011 0.042 0.043 0.044 0.045 0.046 0.047 0.048 0.049 0.050 0.051 0.052 0.053 0.054 0.055 0.056 0.057 0.058 0.059 0.060 0.061 0.062 0.063 0.064 0.065 0.066 0.067 $78.40 80.64 82.88 85.12 87.36 89.60 91.84 94.08 96.32 98.56 100.80 103.04 105.28 107.52 109.76 112.00 114.24 116.48 118.72 120.96 123.20 125.44 127.68 129.92 132.16 134.40 136.64 138.88 141.12 143.36 145.60 147.84 150.08 Per Lb. $0,068 0.069 0.070 0.071 0.072 0.073 0.074 0.075 0.076 0.077 0.078 0.079 0.080 0.081 0.082 0.083 0.084 0.085 0.086 0.087 0.088 0.089 0.090 0.091 0.092 0.093 0.094 0.095 | 0.096 I 0.097 ! 0.098 | 0.099 i 0.100 Per Ton. $152.32 154.56 156.80 158.04 161.28 163.52 165.76 168.00 170.24 172.48 174.72 176.96 179.20 181.44 183.68 185.92 188.16 190.40 192.64 194.88 197.12 199.36 201.60 203.84 206.08 208.32 210.56 212.80 215.04 217.28 219.52 221.76 224.00 SIZE AND STRENGTH OF CAST-IRON COLUMNS, Capable of Sustaining: Load, Expressed in Cwts. DIAMETER IN INCHES. H'g't. Ft. 2^ 119 3 178 3^ 4 4i 5 6 607 7 1032 8 1333 9 1716 10 2119 11 2570 12 4 247320 418522 3050 G 60 105 143 232 318400 501 59 1 1015 1397 1700 2150 3040 8 40 91 135214 288379 479 573 980 1289 1659 2045 2490 10 39 65 1111172 242 327 427 525 924 1224 1603 2007 2450 12 26 55 97 156 220 301 394 497 887 1161 1564 1910 2300 Ml HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. LIST OF EXTRAS ON BAR IRON. OTtnTVA-v qr™* * Rounds and Squares £ to 2 in. diam. U " I ' A " Y »"ES- | FIats ltQ 4>< 3 tQ ^ apd ^ tQ G>< 3 to ^ ie^t^-a. sizes. Rounds and Squares. No G and A in. No. 5 No. 4 Nos. 2, 3, J & fa ~n> a £ A. .1 8 G- l c • • 2i- to 2* 3 to 3£.. eg. 1 W"8| * l to 4 ^lVto4i 4.% to 5 EA13 BOUND. I toll, 4 A. .1 ;) 4^16' § & 4 L 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2, 0.1 0.l| 0.3 0.5; 0.6, 0.8 0.5 0.6| 0.7 ( 0.9 l.ll Flats. Hxi HX^ Hx-A tx& txf *x& ?xH |x-,V tX3 7 / txi- »x* Hx*' HxA iixS HxA HxA . 7 6 xi. &XA * 00* 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.6 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.3 1.0 1.6 Flat-. ? V V, 1 5 tVxJ i&Ax*t?t 5 AUXn 1.3 1.2 1.1 9 »*iiXi*A S&Hx|toi 2 V X 0.7 0.5 7 \4 A 1 b '2x± Ay* 0.5 *Xf to £ 0.4 JxA Jxi & vV 0.G 5 Ixftof 4 ix, 3 b - 0.4 lto6xiXA 2to4xli s 6 to2.. 2 to 4X2,^0 3.. 4 T Vto6xl T Vto2 |4 1 VtoGx2 1 V to 3 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 For cutting to specific lengths, It) to 20 feet, 0.2 cent extra. CAST STEEL CROWBARS. Weight 1 — 1 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 16 18 Inch Square | — | I \ 1 1 1 ,V ! H lit H Inches in Length. | — | 48 | 54 | C2 | CJ GG 67 Weight | 20 | 22 | 24 | -26 | 28 30 Inch Square | 1\ 1 h h e 1 l * 1 J * 1 H H Inches in Length.. | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 74 7G COPPER SHEATHING SHEETS. Sheathing is the name applied only to sheets measuring 14x13 inches Showing Wt. per Fheet. No. or' ehanU per r,»-*e an. I W't per cas Oz. per sq. foot. . . 16| 18 20 22 24 2G "28 Pounds per sheet. Sheets per case . . . Pounds per case . . 4.10 5.4 125 115 583 604 5.13 6.7 lOOi 100 583 642 7. 85 595 7.9 80 607 8.3 75 G13 30 1.12 70 G13 32 9.5 65 607 112 fSL HOPKINS 1 HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. WEIGHT OF HOOP IRON. One Foot in Length. Thickness. 5 1 7 1 IS 1J If n 11 If 2 No. Inch. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb Lb. Lb. 21 .0334 .0716 .0861 .1 .115 .129 .144 .158 .172 .19 7 .201 .229 20 .0375 .0731 .0938 . 10!) .125 .141 156 .172 .188 .203 .219 .25 19 .0438 .0911 .109 ,128 .146 164 18? .2 .219 .238 .257 .292 18 .05 .0563 .0625 .104 .117 .13 .125 .141 .156 .146 .164 .182 .167 .188 .208 .188 .211 .234 .208 .234 .26 .229 .258 .286 .25 .281 .313 .271 .292 .305 .328 .339 .365 .333 .375 .417 17 16.. 15.. .075 .0875 .1 .1125 .125 .1406 .1563 .1919 .iE6 .183 .203 .234 .26 .293 .326 .358 .188 .219 .25 .281 .313 .352 .391 .43 .219 .256 .292 .328 .365 .41 .456 .501 .25 .293 .333 .375 .417 .469 .522 .573 .281 .239 .375 .422 .469 .527 .£87 .644 .413 .366 .416 469 .521 .586 .652 .716 .344 .402 .458 .516 .573 .645 .717 .788 .375 .438 .5 .563 .625 .703 .783 .859 .307 .438 .475 .512 .543 .584 .609 .656 .677 .729 .762 .82 .848 .913 .931 1. .5 .585 .667 .75 .833 .838 1.04 1.15 14 13 12 ll 10 9..- 8 . 7.. .1875 .2031 .2188 .391 .423 .456 469 .508 .547 .547 .593 .638 .625 .677 .729 .703 .762 .82 .781 .836 .912 .859 .931 .938 1.02 1.09 1.02 1.1 1.19 1.1 1.19 1.28 1.25 1.35 1.46 6 5.. .2344 .48* 586 .683 781 .879 .977 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.37 1.56 HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. Numbe rof Feet in a Bundle of 56 Pounds. HOOP III ON. SCROLL IRON. Size. Feet in Size. Feet in Bundle. Width. Thick Bundle. Width. Thick. | nches. No. 21 815 \ inches. No. 10 240 f nches. No. 20 630 | inches. No. 16 430 nches. No. 19 450 | inches. No. 14 347 1 inches. No. 18 360 jj inches. No. 1 - 190 H nches. No. 11 278 % inches No. 16 360 1} nches. No. 1C 217 f inches. No. 14 290 H inches. No. 15 160 j inches. No 12 208 If inches. No. 15 139 \ inches. No. 10 160 2 inches. No. 14 110 1 inches. | inches. | inches. 1 inches. 1 inches. No. 16 No. 14 No. 12 No. 16 No. 14 310 249 175 270 216 1 1 inches. No. 12 152 BREAKING STRAIN UPON VARIOUS METALS. The size of the rod tested being iu each case one inch square, and the numbe r ut pounds the actual breaking strain. Lbs. Lbs. . 19,000 Zinc 2,600 70 000 Tin 5,500 84.000 Copper 35.000 Soft steel 120,000 150,000 Silver . . Gold . . . 41,000 22,000 I Lea d... 660 113 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Weight of Flat Iron. WEIGHT OF BUNKING FOOT IN FOUNDS. MSOMfti 1 ISHK. CTll«IOh->-«l CO ~t Irt © b- eft _ _^ «> £2 I? X ST S? tiS © to b- «.- t» b- b- i^t^ccc»xc»cco^cJo»oooOi^r-^ai^«eceof0^^j2JS e>s © ff»MS«»^H-+t- — ostooiio — h-ers Wr-b-eoefttfS^^Meoioc^j-tfS toi-ao H«Ma!Si-e>Orc9iio»oM!Ocet-M»ceHTiie<'*^«9 , i 1 O i u5»o»3totototototototot»t-b»t-t«oox>xxo>o»ej>OJ©oo©i-<»-'OtOtO»-C0O> • i © t- eft i--o»eOTf>otot-aD©©»'ii-iM»o»-o>i-iei5>oe. '^•*'^''>*^f>s»oia«o»o«o»oia»otototototot-t-t-t-t-o>o>* ; tetsoif-ieMHXSts) t-Mftt to n h- »> co <+ e» us _ © o» jr 22 <*> 2 ^, Mfiaiaoi-woioiOr-NMMu'saa: r- eo eiiMMMeOOT«COei5^Tj'TfTt^^^^lCU50«U5»o'lOtOtOtOtOtOtOt-.t--t--t- I -t o> •>* e» us us to ©th to esi eo est as cc ers ■•* us us us to © h-t— h- co co eft eft o» 00 eN^OSOS^USUS«©b-b-COGCeft©r- ^ en ^ g> »a _ • S^O*©*S»'NS»*lC>»C i «9* 5-2 ;***« **«***« *** *^* **« **« ***„ : © i— oo e> © "- 1 5 ' »OT-itetj< iOi-i»-eiootefti3 — ©iMf-eoeft-t©©r-b-irja)-t »£*-;© CMM"«ot-co©r-ceo»o©aoe»T-is>i-4»«i-'eft©c>Jef5»o©oo©'-e':-^'©i-eft^<>i-^>»o 'H,^ r H,- T He^9'-'*'*usu5u:u;usu5us©©©' 3! i— Moosfioair-'tt. ec©efte>©aocv«»coo — eui- eo-^oojuscc'-^t-- r-I ,-! ,-! I ^ r-I ^ ,-1 rn' ©j ©j ©i ©3 ©i ©i ©i o» ers m eo as as as as •* ■*' t? ■<*' •*' -v -*' •* us us us us ©tss •*»eui©tet-b-h-oeo»©>e» Tfisiet-x» ai» e> r-He)e>9Swtt'tion»«i-f>- ©T-ici'#us©t-Goeft©r-CMei5-*us©i-ceeft©^-SMas iHHiHrir-lrlrtnnwile«eW?l«Cl5<«M«Ci:MMMM'*'tTf' # »-- c? t- us as <»©■■*©* «— us as i— e» i- -t ©» oo»«-eiHO(» co ci-HxaoOr-wM^rfiotii-orxoor-r-ffiM^ioieci-'xceftCr-sisi ',^,^ T 4,^r^r^r^r^?^rHr*r^i^©i©«©ie<»©ie*©i©i©i©J©a<>»©>aSaSasaS i h- ©i f- ssi co eo go eo oc -* o» -* eft ■■* » l^-ostoefti-'-*j , ©e»e»'eftefteft©©©^- 5^ *:*3s*au*« ******* ^JKJfc***;^ ****** ^ ** U4 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Weight of Flat Iron— Continued. "WEIGHT OF RUNNING FOOT IK POUNDS. ^ | ©s co i~- i— o 'OOODfllOiOOCHH 'rlnriHIN NUI5IW do go co *- co in e© >~c«co©»iei«ffietsie cmoo e» io */> e*: co oo ci 10 W « « » t- t- (-' 00 (B 00 IS) «' o o" H H ffi CO •*' * IS O »' (-•' 00 OS* OS o — < wi r>' co ■>* o° ! O0 ©,SS OS 1© OS aioio- so »«9>iese)io«(B'*H'! , ie) io^^kn i© ;m ©> is e> in o o « i- r* V oosiaawcocut-ii^ae'isBieuieo^i-naasttjaM ©» co c© •*' •*' ■** io so "5 » »' «o V- t»oo'»»oioi»©ooHriseiMi:Mei)')i'ttiij' ' ©1 Tj< I© «© t- OS ifsei5M'^'-^<-*»oosOko-t-ooooooososes CO OS IO '-I t- CO OS IO tH b. CO OS I© «-> »-» CIS OS If) —I I— -+ OS I© ©» OS so ©M*S-M©fl>H^»fflN*H«W«^0«W<«OM»»^M«*-'»»a y—h—rr>m i-tol'Ncta**!©*©*— h- 00 OS — iNNM'tW!5l-t» 00 OS — ' r» ©». ~" — ITS O CO © S I© f- OS £ CO S l- OS £ CO IO 1? | N^(OCCOIN-ii;C l' , »-X 00 00 00* - I ,_,' ,_; th' si ©J ei ©I «4 ei co co' eo' co' co' •*' •* ■*' ■*' -* <*' is' »©' -n i© io' o* -J o «' «a «0 «-' t-' t- «^ k***£*« ******* i-^i?.^»»« ^^«»j»!^« »?^ 115 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. n FLAT IRON. NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. s:ze. by U inch. V, " 5 16 V: " % H " X % " 6-16 % " X % " X X " X h " 5 16 H " 3 ^ K " 7-16 h " x h " *& Feet in Bundle. Size. 26T % by ¥ 216 % •' 5-16 1T5 % lk % 214 % 7-16 170 % X 145 % " X 106 K 175 it 5-16 142 i< % 120 l * 7-16 103 11 V 90 4 9-16 70 u % inch. Feet in Bundle. 155 122 100 90 75 60 135 106 90 78 65 Round and Square Iron. NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. ROUND IRON. SQUARE IRON. Size. 3-16 inch Feet in Bundle. 1115 3-16 X 5-16 X 7-16 X 9-16 % 11-16 % Size. Feet in Buudle. 95? 3^ •♦ 688 a 540 5-16 " 440 a 345 305 u 240 7 10 '• 225 170 If 176 % *' it 135 9-16 " 136 u 107 % " 110 II 87 11-16 " 90 (1 70 U " 75 (1 60 Bound Bar Iron. WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. a* Wt per. it Wt. per F-S Wt. per ?i Wt. per 3iA a foot. Lbs. 5 foot. Lbs. 5 foot. Lbs. A foot. Lbs. 1-16 .01 1 1-16 2.975 2* 11.9 4 % 44.85 X .0411 X 8.338 V 13.3 X 4T.54 3-16 .0925 3-16 3.725 % 14.75 X 50.33 X .1651 ¥ 4.12 V, 16.4 X 53.32 5-16 .2573 5-16 4.645 % 18.1 i/ 56.34 \ .371 % 5. % 19.85 % 59.44 7-16 .505 7-16 6.455 % 21.6 X 62.62 X .657 X 5.945 3 23.7 5 65.83 9-16 .835 9-16 6.445 i/ 25.55 X 69.23 % 1 031 % 6.975 ¥ 27.81 X 72.65 11-16 1.235 11-16 7.52 % 29 *5 X 76.18 K 1.475 X 8.05 X 32.25 X 79.75 13-16 1.74 i3-16 8.65 % 34.45 % 83.45 2 0!5 X 9.25 H 37.1 % 87.20 15-16 2 317 15-16 9.9 H 39.5 X 91 50 1 2.625 2 10.55 4 41.95 6 95 ¥e©w©e©©© x C5 ■* © CN t co •* co •<* co «©©©©© io"Wcn ©©©socNWCSifftor-iCNX x©x©c-xi-xi.-i : -©£-©t-©© ©©©©©©©©©o©©^©,©© O©©©©©©© © © CO © © © ©© ©© ©I HIO00IN*' g£2£2©©©< I O t- CN ■*< < !©©©©< © t- CN CO © - ©©CNCN©©©lffCO - n 2| -©©©©©©©©<~ cn © x © ia co ■* .'3 co co co co © © © © © © ,i-i i-i — • © © © o ■ ICN © I© © © ia m © ©© 2 2; CO CO CO w ©©©©©© ££;;o© ©©©©© © CN © X < t- t- L- © I © © ©© < I © © i-l iff © CN iff ~. IBS" 1 o © ' © © © © © © Iff iff -«1 Iff -V <« X CN iff © © © CO 2 1 CO CO CO CO © © © © © © . r-i © — © © © © CN iff X X C- X © © © ©© r-ll©t-C»eO©iai»©CNCN© 0C©c-©t-O©O©lff©-^< ©«©©©©©©«©©© X Iff ©2 ■* CN © © © © CN CN < •J- 3 92 ^ so i ©©©©©< dCHrtrlOi X SN Iff t- © t- © r-i © CNrH© t- Iff © x «u r- »a co cn x © tj *° ©©©©©©©< ©©©©©©©© >©©©©©©_ ©O© CN CN rH r-i © rH © rn © CNCNl- X ■ r- t- © © . 1-1 © l-l © I X CN CO © X Iff CO ( © rH© ©©© © ©< Iff X © X Iff t- CO Iff < '© ©< © X © •* CN© CO iff CO iff CO ■* © © © © © © r-i©©eo ot-_*i CN©r^©rH©©lO©»Oi rH©rH©rH©rH©rH©< — © : 1 Iff X • © © < a cn ©© CO © X t- CO © o© © ©©©©©( X X © Iff Iff CN © OHOrl © CN © © CO "*t-W ©•*<©CO©:0©CNlOrH ©i-^©rHC^r-i©i-l©rH -*< iff 3 E 10 © -* 1; iffcocNt-©r-i©'^ieo ■*©i» lffCNCN'*©lff©C- t- © t^ © © x -._ t- | © rH t-CO © © iff Iff iff 3 Iff Iff © t-« © iff ri CO •* CN ■* CN rH © rn © rH CN CO © iff © 2f rH CO © CO I- CO © rH © rc x co x © X CN © X CN ia iff cn t- CN C~ © CN © CN © t- © X © © © © r2 © t- rH X © » iff t- iff © iff ©rH© COX 5 O iff CN © © t- CN iO r- H © r-i ggg§ Of-iO © ©JO © •«r © cn w rH© i-t -^ X CO iff rH CN © C- X t- CN J CN © CN © © © X CO © Iff © ■* © ©CN© CN© © Iff t- •* ^ CO © CN Iff 1-1 Iff CN© CN©CN © 5j iff ot © I-I X X il CN 3 C- © © Iff CO T rH © rH © tfj CO HK CN CO CO CO CN CO rH : '. £ &~, rf ^ ^J r>,a gl^ O^ rifl rj.^ ^^ g.^ ^ g.^ Jjj.^ ^^ g.^ g.^ gl • *^- bji-h X—. COi-H 0Cr^ J. ^-- 00^^ OQ.-^ CCi-* Uih OQrH X — . X^« X^^ X — 4 X,— X 1— i m t« fc- U i. - i- - « ~ - aftftaaar.&r.P.ap.aftftftP.ftap.fts.P.as.aas.ftaftaaft -.2 a : : .^ I > .« o > : ;3 <» ,-•11 * $ C 6 60 ±3 o Approximate W eight to "co d ■go ^2 per Sheet. o "5 c -1 t>:CO 24 X 26 X 28 X 30 X 32 X 34 X 36 X 40 X N £ 81 84 84 81 84 84 84 84 oz. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. 6 29 7 6* H 7* 73. ' 8 8* 8f 9| 7 28^ 8 7 n 8* 8 ? 9* 9* 10* 8 28 9 H 8* H 9£ 10* 11* "I 9 27 10* 9} 10 10| 11* 12* 13 13| 10 2G 12 10* 11* 12 13 14 15 16 11 25 13* 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 24 15 13 14 15 16* 17* 184 20 13 23 17 15 16 17 18* 20 21 22 25 14 22 19 17 18 19* 21 22 23* 25 28 15 21 22 19 21 22* 24 25* 27 29 32 1G 20 25 22 24 25* 27 29 31 33 36 17 19 28 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 41 18 18 31 27 30* 32 34 36 38 41 45 19 17 35 31 33 36 38 41 44 46 51 20 16 40 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 59 BAR AND SHEET LEAD. WEIGHT IN POUNDS. SHEET LEAD IS MADE TO WEIGH, PER SQUARE FOOT: 2£, 3, 3£, 4, 4}, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 pounds, and upwards. 121 ness, or eter, or Inches. £ o ness, or eter, or Inches. fa If 5$ 2 m .a a Thick Diam Side; S2 f- A cc cr- CO cs o p o ODrH 2 o «5 E-c- 1 CO CO & CO c3 O 9 o P O O &j A 3.71* .02 .014 1A 63.2 5.6 4.4 i 7.43 .079 .06 H 66.87 6.26 4.91 a 11. .175 .136 1»\ 70.51 6.98 5.5 i 14.08 .31 .245 1* 74.35 7.74 6.1 18.05 .486 .38 1A 78.65 8.55 6.73 a 22.02 .695 .549 if 81.76 9.38 7.38 7 26. .948 .745 1A 85.48 10.18 8.05 29.75 1.25 .975 l* 89.28 11. 8.75 33.49 1.55 1.24 1A 93. 12.05 9.50 ft. 37.18 1.95 1.51 it 96.78 13.15 10.25 .LI 40.87 2.33 1.85 1H 100.5 14.15 11.06 a. A 44.58 2.8 2.2 If 104.1 15.18 11.88 48.28 3.28 2.58 hi 107.8 16.30 12.76 <_ 52.12 3.8 2.98 1* 112.3 17.45 13.66 la 1 t> 1 56.05 1.35 3.41 Iri 116. 18.10 14.61 59.48 4.95 3.9 2 119.6 19.78 15.58 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Weight and Dimensions of Wrought Iron Welded P!pes. FOB GAS, STEAM AND WATER. Inside Outside Weight Inside Outside "Weight Diameter Diameter per foot in Diameter Diameter per foot in in inches. in inches. pounds. in inches. in inche«. pounds. X 0.40 0.24 3 3 5 7.54 X 0.54 0.42 3>* 4.0 9.05 % 0.67 0.56 4 4.5 10.72 * 0.84 0.85 4* 5.0 12.49 X 1.05 1.12 5 5.56 14.56 1 1.31 1.67 6 6.62 18.77 IK 1.66 2.25 7 7.62 23.41 134 1.95 2.69 8 8.62 28.35 2 2.37 3.66 9 9.68 34.07 2X 2.87 5.77 10 10 75 40.64 Lap Welded American Charcoal Iron Boiler Tubes. TABLE OF STANDARD SIZES. 3 . t| si it 11 1 H ■- a ►5 ° 1 S C *- • fisi Length of Pipe per sq. ft. of outside surface. is w & 1 Ins. In«. Ins. Ins. Ins. Feet. Feet. Ins. Ins. lbs. 1 3.142 0.856 2.6S9 072 4.460 3.819 0.575 0.785 0.708 IK 3.927 1.126 3.474 0.072 3.455 3 056 960 1.227 0.9 is 4.712 1.334 4.191 0.083 2.863 2.547 1.396 1.767 1.250 1% 5.598 1.560 4 901 0.095 2.448 2.183 1.911 2.405 1 .665 2 6.283 1.804 5.667 0.093 2.118 1.909 2.556 2. 42 1.9S1 2& 7.069 2.054 6.4S4 0.C9S 1.850 1.698 3.314 3.976 2.238 iH 7.854 2.2S3 7.172 0.109 1.673 1.528 4.094 4 939 2.755 2} 4 8.639 2.533 7.957 0.109 1.508 1.390 5.«39 5.940 3.045 3 9.425 2.783 8.743 0.109 1.373 1.273 C.083 7.069 3.333 3& 10.210 3.012 9.462 0.119 1.268 1.175 7.125 8.29o S.953 &k 10.995 3.262 10.248 0.119 1.171 1.091 8.357 9.621 4.272 t% 11.781 3.512 11.033 0.119 1.088 1.018 9.687 11.045 4 590 4 12.666 3.741 11.753 0.130 1.023 0.955 10.992 12.566 6.320 4% 14.137 4.241 13.323 0.130 0.901 0.849 14.126 15.*04 6 Oil 6 15.708 4.72 14.818 0140 0.809 0.764 17.497 19.635 7.226 6 J8.849 5.699 17.904 151 0.670 0-637 25.509 28.274 9.346 7 21 .991 6.657 20.914 172 0.574 0-545 3i.805 38.484 12.435 8 25.132 7.636 23.9S9 0.182 0.500 0.478 45.795 50.265 15.109 9 28.374 8.615 27.055 0.193 0.444 0.424 58.291 63.617 18.002 10 31.416 9.573 30.074 0.214 0.399 0.382 71.975 78.540 22.19 JAeikt Wrought Iron Artesian Tube and Casing- tor Oil Wells. STANDARD SIZES. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. LAG OR WOOD SCREWS. Weight of 1 00, in Pounds- Diamet'r & ii 8 ft k ft ft .5 4 7 8 1 Length. n 4.7 7.1 9.9 13.9 if 5.2 7.6 10.9 14.9 2 5.7 8.1 11.6 15.8 24. 26.2 H 6.2 8.1 12.5 16.9 25. 27.7 4 0.7 9.3 13.4 17.9 26. 29.2 46.5 3 7.7 10.6 15.1 19.9 28. 33.5 51.5 73. Sh 8.7 11.9 16.5 22. 31. 36.5 56.5 79. 103. 4 9.7 13.3 18.6 24.3 34. 39.5 61.5 85. 112. ik 10.7 14.7 20.4 26.9 37. 42.2 67. 91. 121. 5 11.7 16.1 22.1 29. 40. 46. 72.2 97. 130. ok 12.7 17.5 23.8 31.5 43. 49.4 78. 103. 140. 6 13.7 18.9 25.5 34. 46. 53. 83.5 no. 150. 7 29.2 39. 52. 60. 94. 125. 170. 8 33. 44. 58. 67.5 104.5 140. 190. 9 49. 64. 75. 115. 156. 210. 10 54. 70. 82.5 126. 172. 230. 11 76. 90. 137. 188. 250. 12 82. 98. 148. 204. 270. GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS. Angle — An opening between two lines that meet in a point. Right Angle— A straight line perpendicular to another. Obtuse Angle — An angle wider than a right angle. Acute Angle — An angle less than a right angle. Triangle — A figure with three sides and three angles. Equilateral Triangle— A triangle having all sides equal. Isosceles Triangle— A triangle haying two of its sides equal. Eight-Angled Triangle— A triangle having one right angle. Obtuse- Angled Triangle — A triangle having one obtuse angle. Quadrangle or Quadrilateral is a four-sided figure and may be a parallelogram, having its opposite sides paralleled. Square — Having all its sides equal and all right angles. Rectangle — Having a right angle. Rhombus or Lozenge — Having all sides equal and no right angles. Rhomboid — A parallelogram with no right angles. Trapezoid— Having only two sides parallel. Polygon— A plain figure having more than four sides. Pentagon — Having five sides. Hexagon — Having six sides. Heptagon — Having seven sides. Octagon — Having eight sides. Nonagon — Having nine sides. Decagon — Having ten sides. Radius is a line extending from the center to the circumference. It is one-half of any given diameter. 123 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. MACHINE BOLTS With Square Heads and Nuts. Weight of 100, in Pounds. Diamet'r 4 A * "1 6" } "i'V f 1 8 1 Length. H 4. 7. 10.5 15.2 22.5 30. 39.5 If 4.3 7.5 11.2 16.3 23.8 31.7 41.6 2 4.7 8. 12. 17.4 25.1 33.5 43.7 69. 108. H 5.1 8.5 12.7 18.5 26.4 35.2 45.8 72. 112.2 2} 5.5 9. 13.5 19.6 27.8 37. 48. 75. 116.5 175 2^ 5.7 9.5 14.2 20.7 29.1 38.7 50.1 78. 121.7 180 3 G.2 10. 15. 21.8 30.4 40.5 52.2 81. 126. 185 3^ 7. 11. 16.5 24. 33.1 44. 56.5 87. 134.2 196 4 7.7 12. 18. 26.2 35.7 47.5 60.7 93.1 142.5 207 4J 8.5 13. 19.5 28.4 38.4 51. 65. 99. 151. 218 5 9.2 14. 21. 30.6 41. 54.5 69.2 105.2 159.5 229 5} 10. 15. 22.5 32.8 43.7 58. 73.5 111.2 168. 240 6 10.7 16. 24. 35. 46.3 61.5 77.7 117.3 176.6 251 6.V 11.5 17. 25.5 37.2 49. 65. 82. 123.3 185. 262 7 12.2 18. 27. 39.4 51.6 68.5 86.2 129.4 193.6 273 7^ 13. 19.2 28.5 41.6 54.3 72. 90.5 135. 202. 284 8 13.7 20.7 30. 43.8 59.6 75.5 94.7 141.5 210.7 295 9 34. 48.2 61.9 82.5 103.2 153.6 227.7 317 10 37.5 52.6 70.2 89.5 111.7 165.7 244.8 339 11 41. 57. 75.5 96.5 120.2 177.8 261.8 360 12 14.5 61.4 80.8 103.5 128.7 189.9 278.9 382 13 86.1 110.5 137.2 202. 295.9 404 14 91.4 117.5 145.7 214.1 313. 426 15 96.7 124.5 154.2 226.2 330. 448 16 102. 131.5 162.7 238.3 347.1 470 17 107.3 138.5 171. 250.4 364.1 492 18 112.6 145.5 179.5 262.6 381.2 514 19 117.9 152.5 188. 274.7 398.2 536 20 123.2 159.5 196.5 286.8 415.3 558 WEIGHT OF 100 BOLT ENDS. IN POUNDS. A» « 18 lbs. | fxl2| 115 lbs.,; I£xl3 460 lbs. Ifxl7| 1350 lbs. fxlO 34 lbs. ! fxl2i 165 lbs.) Hxl4 < |xl2 230 lbs. i lfxl5 630 lbs. Ifxl8 1680 lbs. VhxIO 42 lbs. 850 lbs. 1 l|xl9l 1900 lbs 1x12 71 lbs. 1 xl2 310 lbs.; 1^x16 1075 lbs. 2 x20i 2300 lbs. 124 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. £S Rails, Splices and Bolts Required for One Mile of Track. Tons of Rails. Rule— To find the number of tons (of 2,240 lbs.) of Rail to the mile, divide the weight per yard by 7, and multiply it >>y 11, thus: for 56 lb. rail divide 56 by 7, equal 8, multiplied by 11, equal S3 tons, for one mile of single track. Weight of Rail, per yard. Tons per Mile. Weight of Rail, per yard. Tons per Mile. 12 pounds. 12 tons 920 pounds. 45 ponnds. 70 tons 1600 p'nds. 14 " 22 " 48 " 75 " 960 " 16 " 25 " 320 " 50 " 78 " 1280 " 18 " 28 " 640 " 52 " 81 » 1600 " 20 " 31 " 960 " 56 " 88 « 22 " 34 " 1280 « 57 " 89 " 1230 " 25 " 39 " 640 « 60 " 94 •« C40 " 26 " 40 " 1920 " 62 " 37 " 960 *» 27 " 42 " 960 " 64 " 100 " 12*0 " 28 " 44 " 65 •< 102 " 320 « 30 " 47 " 320 " 68 » 106 " 1920 " 33 « 51 " 1920 " 70 " 110 " 35 " 55 " 72 " 113 " 320 " 40 « 62 " 1920 " 76 " 119 " 960 " Number of Rails, Chairs, Joints, Splices and Bolts. Length of Rail. No. of Rails, Chairs or Joints. No. of Splices. No. of Bolts. 18 5S4 1,168 2,336 20 528 1,056 2,112 21 503 1,06 2,012 22 480 960 1,920 24 440 8S0 1,760 25 422 814 1,683 26 406 812 1,624 27 391 7S2 1,564 28 377 754 1,503 30 352 704 1,408 No allowance made for side track in above tables. Number of Cross Ties for each Mile of Track, Centre to Centre. IVt feet No. of Ties. 3,520 Centro to Centre. 2% feet No. of Ties 2,113 1% " 3,017 2% " 1,921 2 " 2,640 2,348 3 " 1.761 2iT " Capacity of a Freight Car. A load is nominally 10 tons of 20,000 lbs. The following can be carried : Whiskey, 60 bbls.; salt, 70 bbls.; lime, 70 bbls.; flour, 90 bbls.; eggs, 130 to 160 bbls.; flour 200 sacks; wood, 6 cords; cattle, 18 to 20 head; hogs, 50 to 60; sheep, 80 to 100; lumber, 6,000 feet; barley, 300 bushels,>heat, 340 bush- els; flax seed, 360 bushels; apples, 370 bushels; corn, 400 bushels; potatoes, 430 bushels; oats, 680 bushels; bran, 1,000 bushels; butter, 20,000 lbs. 125 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Weight of a Lineal Foot of Flat Steel in lbs. £nch. M H % X H X 1 j .213 .426 .64 I .266 .533 .8 1.066 ... ^ .319 .639 .959 1.28 l.o 1 .426 .853 1.28 1.706 2.133 2.559 1 i .48 .959 1.439 1 919 2.399 2.879 3.84 1$ .533 1.066 1.6 2.133 2.666 3.200 4.266 if .586 1.173 1.759 2.346 2.933 3.519 4 693 1} .639 1.279 1.919 2.56 3.199 3.84 5.119 if .693 1.386 2.079 2.773 3.466 4.16 5.546 if .746 1.493 2.24 2.986 3.733 4.479 5.97b 2 .853 1.706 2.559 3.413 4.266 5.119 6.826 2£ .906 1.813 2.719 3.626 4.533 5.439 7.253 2? .96 1.919 2.879 3.84 4.799 5.76 7.68 2f 1.013 2.026 3.039 4.053 5.066 6.079 8.106 2| 1.016 2.133 3.199 4.266 5.333 6.399 8.533 2f 2§ 1.019 2.24 3.36 4.48 5.6 6.72 8.96 1.173 2.346 3.519 4.693 5.866 7.039 9.3S6 3 1.28 2.56 3.84 5.12 6.4 7.68 10.24 H 1.386 2.773 4.16 5.546 6.933 8.319 11.093 1.493 2.986 4.48 5.973 7.466 8.95 11.946 1.6 3.199 4.799 6.399 7.999 9.599 12.799 4 1.706 3.413 5.119 6.826 8.533 10.239 13.653 H 1.813 3.626 5.439 7.253 9.066 10.879 14.506 4} 1.93 3.84 5.76 7.68 9.6 11.52 15.36 2.026 4.053 6.079 8.106 10.133 12.159 16.213 5 2.133 4.266 6.399 8.533 10.666 12.799 17.066 H 2.24 4.48 6.72 8.959 11.199 13.44 17.919 H 2.346 4.693 7.039 9.386 11.733 14.079 18.773 5§ 2.453 4.906 7.359 9.813 12.266 14.719 19.626 6 2.56 5.12 7.68 10.24 12.8 15.36 20.48 Number of Brass Escutcheon Pins in a Pound. ; 720 'l,120 1,8751,312 2,440 1,820 3,1002,240 3,540j2,700 4,9723,175 7,3035,140 9,93218,419 * t 3 4 I 1 H 1* n 2 650 460 416 400 336 272 212 192 170 918 672 528 480 400 380 320 229 220 1,100 950 830 692 600 432 378 320 272 1,376 1,720 1,152 960 888 720 576 580 432 400 1,460 1,275 1,130 980 720 592 578 464 2,076 1,812 1,500 1,185 1,051 928 800 640 2,550 2,450 2,200 1,7401,5201,216 960 4,130 6,374 3,565 5,500 2 900 1 i 4,155 I 1 126 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Wl ROD EIGHT OF ONE FOOT OF BAR STEEL. HD. SQUARE. OCTAGON . Diana. In. Lbs. Side In. Lbs. Diam. In. Lbs. X .166 X .213 X .84 X .375 X .479 % 1.23 X .667 X .855 K 1.75 X 1.04 X 1.S3 X 2.25 H 1.50 X LSI 1 2.75 % 2.C5 X 2. CI 1# 3.66 1 2.67 1 3.40 1* 4.C5 l* 3. £8 1H 4.34 1% 5.50 IX 4.17 IX 5. £2 1# 6.45 IX 5.C5 IX 6.44 \x 7.75 IX 6. CO IX 7.C7 IK 9.20 1* 7.05 1% 9. CO l;i 10.04 1* 8.17 1* 10.44 11.58 2 11.60 1% 9.38 Vi 2% 13.14 2 10.68 2 13. C3 %x 14.75 *X 12 04 IX 15. £5 8* 16.40 2# 13.61 2% 17.20 %X 17.85 2% 15.05 2% 19.17 2% 19.50 2X 16.68 2X 21.20 2H 21.25 2^ 18.43 2% 23. £0 2X 22.69 2* 20.19 1% 25.70 3 25.00 VA 22.00 IX 27.74 3 24.03 3 30.60 3^ 26.12 *x 83.18 3# 28.20 3X 35.90 *X 30.45 *X 38.78 *x 32 70 *X 41. C5 *x 35.12 i% 44.17 3* 37.54 3K 46.70 4 42.71 4 54.40 4# 48.22 *X 61.40 *X 64.06 *X 68.85 6 66.75 5 85.00 GENUINE RUSSIA SHEET IRON. WEIGHT PEE i SIZE. SHEET. WIRE GAUGE. No. 7 28x56 in. Ci- lbs. 71- lbs. 8 lbs. 9 lbs. 10 lbs. lOf lbs. No. 29 No. 28 No. 27 No. 26 No. 25 No. 24^ No. 8 No. 9 No. 10.. No. 11.. No. 12.. No. 13.. No. 14.. No. 15.. (< 11 1 lbs. 12£ lbs. 13^ lbs. No. 24 No. 23^ No. 22| No. m ... No. 16.. ...J CI 14^ ib s . Average weight per bundle, 240 pounds. AMERICAN (IMITATION) P.USSIA SHEET IKON. No. Wir 3 Gauge. Size sheets — inches. Vrt. per sheet; lbs. « >4 28x00 Ill « 25 28x60 10^ ( 26 28x60 n 1 n 28x60 9± 127 I HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Tempering Steel, * (Haswell.) Steel in its hardest state being too brittle for most purposes, the requisite strength and elasticity are obtained by tempering— or letting doivn the temper as it is termed — which is performed by heating the hardened steel toa cer- tain degree and cooling it quickly. The requisite heat is usually ascertained by the color which the surface of the Steel assumes from the film of oxide thus formed. The degrees of heat to which these several colors correspond are as follows: At 430, a very faint yellow. (Suitable for hard instruments ; as hammer- a pale straw color. . ( faces, drills, &c. a full yellow. (For instruments requiring hard edges without a brown color \ elasticity;aS6hears,8cissors,turning tools, &c brown, with purple j For toolSf for cntting wood and sof t metals . j such as plane-irons, knives, &c. At 450, At 470, At 490, At 510, At S?" purpie':. : : '::::::. : : 1 8uch as &*™-™™ As^O dark hmo (For tools requiring strongedges, without ex- YfKfln f^wni < treme hardness ; as cold-chisels, axes, cut- At560, fuhblue ( lery, &c. At 600, grayish blue, verg- (For spring-temper, which will bend before ing on black ( breaking; as saws, sword-blades, &c. If the steel is heated higher than this, the effect of the hardening process is destroyed. It Has Been Stated That the temperature of furnaces &c, may be estimated with considerable accuracy by the color of the fire, and that with a little practice the error at very high temperatures will not exceed 90 c , or 100°, and the following table contains the result of observations with an air thermometer . Temperature, degrees F. 2,010 Temperature, Color of Fire. Degrees F. Red, jufrt visible 977 " dull 1,290 11 cherry,dull 1,470 " " full 1,650 " " clear 1,830 Color of Fire. Orange, deep... " clear.... White heat " bright... " dazzling. 2,190 2,370 2,550 2,75b Effect of Heat on Yarious Bodies. Degrees Ammoniaboils 140 Ammonia (liquid) freezes -^6 Antimony melts 951 Arsenic melts 365 Bismuth m< Its 476 Blood (human) heat of 9S " " freezes 25 Brandy freezes.*. —7 Brass melts 1,900 Cadmium melts 600 Coal Tar boils 325 Cold, greatest artificial —166 •* greatest natural — 56 Common Fire 790 Copper melts - . 2,648 Glass melts 2,377 Gold (fine) melts 2,590 Gutta-percha softens 1 45 Heat, cherry red l,50o (Daniel) 1,U1 " bright red 1,S6) " red, visible by day 1,077 " white 2,9(0 Ice melts 32 Iron (cast) melts 3,479 " (wrought ) melts 3, 980 The sign — before the figures indicates that many degrees beiow zero or o Degrees. Iron, bright red in (he dark. . . 752 " red not in twilight 884 Lead melts 504 Mercury boils 662 " volatilizes 680 " freezes —39 Naphtha boils 186 Petroleum boils 306 Platinum melts 3,080 Potassium melts 135 Proof Spirit freezes —7 Saltpetre melts 600 Sea-water freezes 28 Silver (fine) melts 1,250 Snow and Salt, equal parts. Spirits of Terpentine freezes. 14 Steel melts 2,500 - »« polished, blue. 580 11 " straw color 460 Strong Wines freeze 20 Sulphur melts 226 Sulph Acid(sp.gravl ,641)f reezes — 15 Tin melts 421 Vinous fermentation 60 to 77 Water in vacuo boils 98 Zinc melts 740 128 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLES. Size of Class in Window' 12 Lights. 8x10 8x12 9x12 9x13 9x14 9x15 9x16 10x12 10x14 10x15 10x16 10x18 10x20 11x14 11x15 11x16 11x17 11x18 12x14 12x15 12x16 12x18 12x20 12x24 8 Lights. 12 xlO 12 xl2 13^x12 13§xl3 13^x14 13^x15 13^x16 15 xl2 15 xl4 15 xl5 15 xl6 15 xl8 15 x20 16^x14 16^x15 16^x16 16^x17 16^x18 18 xl4 18 xl5 18 xl6 18 xl8 18 x20 18 x24 4 Lights. 12 x20 12 x24 13^x24 13^x26 13^x28 13jx30 131x32 15 x24 15 x28 15 x30 15 x32 15 x36 15 x40 161x28 16^x30 16^x32 16^x34 161x36 18 x28 18 x30 18 x32 18 x36 18 x40 18 x48 Size of Sash and Frame. One Ha.nk: of Sash Cord will ha.no- 1Q Measure s 75 feet and -weighs .4 x3.10 .4 X 4.6 .7 x4.6 .7 xl.10 .7 x5.2 .7 x5.6 .7 x5.10 .10x4.6 .10x^.2 .10x5.6 .10x5.10 .10x6.6 .10x7.2 .1 x5.2 .1 x5.6 x5.10 x6.2 x6.6 x5.2 x5.6 x5.10 xQ.G x7.2 x8.6 Weights. Lbs. 4 5 5* 5| 5j 6 6 6 H 7 8 6 H 7 7 4 7 Lbs. 5 5 i 6" 7 ? 9 7 7^ 8 8* 9A 10i 12 Weights, about 2 1- Each Hank 4 lbs. SASH WEIGHTS .—Standard Size List. LBS. Inches diam'r Inches length i LBS. Inches Inches diam'r length LBS. Inches diam'r Inches length 2 U 8A ! 9 1-flr 18 18 H 251 ** 1 l 10 9^ 1ft m 19 2 241 3 i& 11 10 1| 19 tf 2 251 3^ 1A 11 ICi it 19f 20| 2 27^ 4 1A 12 II 22 2 28 4-h }* 13 It* If 19 23 2 30 5, We 13 12 if if 20 24 2 31 bh iiV 14 I2i 21 25 2 32 6 1A 1U 13 22 26 2 33 Si itV isi 14 23i 27 2 35 / 1A m 15 25 28 2 37 H H 17 16 231 29 2 38 8 8i 17f 1 17| | 17 24^ 30 2 391 2-lb. to 20-lb. Patent Eye. 21-lb. to 30-lb. Solid Eye. Sizes not on List, and Square Weights, half-cent per lb. extra. 129 -k&^ZLSZ+u iiriillli liinr LLLLiiLLIi 1 1 1 1 1 (11 l"i L#^^^a : /lTnLRRO OK BROTHERS- II IH IMPORTERS ENGLISH and FRENCH PLATE CLASS, FRENCH WINDOW CLASS. FRENCH PICTURE CLASS. FRENCH CAR CLASS. ENAMELED CLASS, GROUND CLASS, CATHEDRAL GLASS. RUBY, BLUE, GREEN, ORANGE and PURPLE CLASS. SHARRATT & NEWTH'S ENGLISH GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS. — ALSO— American Plate Glass. American Window Glass. Floor and Skylight Glass. Embossed and Cut Glass, All kindi of Glass Cut to any Size and Shape required. Estimates furnished. *87Aw89.-Beekman, and 53 & 55 Oliff Streets, -HEW "TORE OIT"?. I HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. i - WINDOW GLASS. -. -. ^n FRENCH OR AMERICAN. No. or Lights per Box of 50 Feet. 6 by 8 " 8tf 150 13 by 20 if 22 28 16 by 54 8 24 by 30 10 3 2 by 36 6 6^ 130 13 25 16 " 60 8 24 ■■ 32 10 32 - 38 6 7 " 9 115 13 «• 24 23 18 " 20 20 24 " 34 9 32 •■ 40 6 8 " 10 90 13 " 26 21 18 " 20 18 24 " 36 9 32 " 42 6 8* " 10tf 81 13 ii 28 20 18 u 24 17 24 «« 38 8 32 " 44 5 8 " 11 82 13 " 30 19 18 " 26 16 24 " 40 8 32 " 48 6 8 " 12 75 13 " 32 17 18 " 28 14 24 " 42 7 32 «' 60 5 9 " 11 73 14 " 15 34 18 " 30 14 24 " 46 7 32 " 56 4 9 ii 12 67 14 " 16 32 18 " 32 13 24 " 48 6 32 " 60 4 9 " 13 62 14 " 17 31 18 " 34 12 24 " 50 6 32 «* 66 3 9 " 14 57 14 ii 18 29 18 " 36 11 24 " 54 6 34 " 36 6 9 " 15 53 14 " 20 26 18 " 38 11 24 «« 56 6 34 " 40 6 9 " 16 60 14 " 22 24 18 " 40 10 24 " 60 6 34 '« 44 5 9 " 18 45 14 u 24 22 18 " 42 10 24 •« 66 5 34 i* 46 5 10 " 12 60 14 " 26 20 18 " 44 9 26 " 28 10 34 •• 43 5 10 " 13 65 14 '• 28 19 18 " 46 9 26 " 30 9 84 *■ 50 4 10 " 14 52 14 " 30 17 18 M 50 8 26 " 32 9 ?4 ii 54 4 10 " 16 48 14 " 32 16 18 " 52 8 26 " 34 8 34 ii 56 4 10 u 16 45 14 " 34 15 18 " 56 7 26 ii 36 8 34 " 60 4 10 " 17 43 14 " 36 14 18 " 60 7 26 " 33 7 34 ii 66 3 10 * 18 40 14 " 33 14 20 '• 22 16 26 ii 42 7 36 'i 40 5 10 ii 20 36 14 ii 40 13 20 " 24 15 26 ii 44 6 36 " 44 5 10 •i 22 33 14 ii 42 12 20 M 26 14 26 •« 48 6 36 " 46 4 10 ci 24 30 14 u 44 12 20 ** 28 13 26 " 50 6 36 •• 43 4 10 * 26 28 14 ii 46 11 20 " 30 12 26 ii 52 5 36 " 50 4 10 " 28 26 15 " 16 30 20 •« 32 11 26 •* 54 5 36 ii 54 4 10 M 30 24 15 ii 18 27 20 "34 11 26 i* 58 5 36 'i 56 4 11 M 12 55 15 ii 20 24 20 i 36 10 26 i* 60 5 36 ii 60 3 11 " 13 51 15 ii 22 22 20 " 38 10 28 '« 30 9 36 " 64 3 11 " 14 47 15 ii 24 20 20 " 40 9 28 »« 32 8 36 " 66 3 11 " 15 44 15 " 26 19 20 " 42 9 28 « 34 8 36 4 « 70 3 11 « 16 41 15 ii 28 17 20 " 44 8 28 «' 36 7 38 " 40 5 11 h it 39 15 «i 30 16 20 " 48 8 28 '« 40 7 38 'i 42 5 11 " 18 37 15 ii 32 15 20 " 50 7 28 " 42 6 38 '• 44 4 11 " 20 33 15 ii 34 14 2% " 54 7 28 «' 46 6 33 ii 52 4 11 ii 22 30 15 '• 36 13 20 " 58 6 28 " 50 5 38 * 56 3 11 " 24 27 15 « 38 13 20 " 64 6 28 •« 56 6 38 " 62 3 12 " 13 46 15 " 40 12 22 " 24 14 28 « 60 4 38 " 66 3 12 a 14 43 16 " 16 28 22 ** 26 13 28 i« 66 4 40 i' 40 4 12 " 15 40 16 " 13 25 22 " 28 12 30 " 30 8 40 ii 42 4 12 " 16 38 16 ii 20 23 22 *• 30 11 30 « 32 8 40 " 44 4 12 « 1T 35 16 ii 22 21 22 " 32 10 30 •' 34 7 40 •• 50 4 12 " 18 34 16 ii 24 19 22 '* 34 10 30 '■ 33 7 40 'i 54 3 12 " 20 30 16 " 26 17 22 " 36 9 30 «' 40 6 40 ii 60 3 12 " 22 27 16 ii 28 16 22 M 38 9 30 '' 44 6 40 " 66 3 12 " 24 25 16 ii 30 15 22 " 49 S 30 i« 46 5 40 " 72 3 12 " 26 23 16 » 32 14 22 " 42 8 30 •« 48 5 42 " 42 4 12 M 28 22 16 ii 34 13 22 " 44 7 30 i* 50 5 42 " 48 4 12 " 30 20 16 « 36 13 22 " 48 7 30 i« 52 6 42 *' 52 3 12 " 32 19 16 ii 33 12 22 " 50 7 30 ii 54 4 42 " 62 3 12 " 34 18 16 " 40 11 22 " 52 6 30 ii 56 4 42 •• 68 3 12 " 36 17 16 « 42 11 22 " 56 6 30 I* 60 4 44 a 4 6 4 13 m 14 40 16 (i 44 10 22 " 60 5 30 " 64 4 44 " 50 3 13 " 15 37 16 'i 46 10 24 ii 24 12 30 " 66 4 44 " 56 3 1-t " 16 35 16 " 48 9 24 i 26 12 30 •« 70 3 46 " 54 3 i 13 " 18 31 16 " 52 9 24 " 28 11 32 « 34 7 46 ii 64 3 131 OLD AND RELIABLE / IT 8TYLES\ \AND SIZES./ ^3sri> • IV STYLES \ \AND SIZES./ PORTABLE FORGES, Hand Blowers and Tuyere Irons. UJ DC i SASK f>tr$.Si«T o With I -4 Inch Steel Axles. Ewire Porta* Form Co. Cohoes, N. Y., U. S. A. o si a - O ci » .3 ^3 oi O £ ^H >> X o 2 a GO £ 3 ^ «£ © to 3 g-9 -3 "3, HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. ROOFING SLATE. GENEBAL BULE FOB THE COMPUTATION OP SLATE. From the length of the slate take three inches, or as many as the third covers the first ; divide the remainder by 2, and multiply the quotient by the width of the slate, and the product will be the number of square inches in a single slate. Divide the number of square inches thus procured by 144, the number of square inches in a square foot, and the quotient will be the number of feet and inches required. A square of slate is what will cover 100 feet square, when properly laid upon the roof. TABLE OF SIZES AND NUMBE3 OF SLATES IN ONE SQUABE. 2 6 « ^ So So &u 3S C to 02 C a aJ -3 :: ~H » 02 a 2 o: s 02 r, ©■s M-! C 8-9 *-. o< J e <*' Fob plain BOOF-Measure the length of the roof and multiply by tne length of the rafter. Fob boof with hips, valleys, gables, pobmebs, ETC.-Measure each section through center and multiply length of rafter and, in addition to the actual surface of roof , measure the length of all hips and valleys by one foot wide. The extra measure on hips and valleys is intended to compensate for extra labor and loss of material in cutting, fitting and laying same. No deduction is made for dormer windows, sky- lights, chimneys, etc, unless they measure more than four feet square. If more than four feet square and less than eight feet square, deduct one- half. If more than eight feet square, deduct the whole. If hips are mitred, charge extra. The carpenter should furnish cant strips. 135 SPRINGS Cliffs R. H. Wagon Bolster Springs are the: best in the world. They are made of Best Crucible Steel. They are All Complete, ready to drop onto the wagon. They are Adjustable to any Width of Bolster. They hwe the Slow, Exsy Motion that is absolutely necessary to carry fruits and produce in perfect condition. They Will Save 20 Per Cent, in wear and tear on wigon and team. Every set of Springs will carry its marked capacity. Springs are Warranted Against Defects of material and workmanship. TRY the Oiiff Seat Spring JUST ONOE and you will be surprised at the demand for them. They are a Better Spring than you have been able to get FOR THE MONEY. T. & B. WAGON POLE SPRING. The Best WAGON POLE SPRING in the market. Can be put on or taken off in one minute. Fur D urability, Ease of A d- jastment and Capacity to do the work Right, it leads them all. Try them. \Nrite for Prices. TITQS & BABCOCK, Rochester, N. Y. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE. Spobting Powder is packed in 5 sizes of grain running from F (coars- est), FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (.finest), the sizes in greatest demand being FG Blasting Powder.— ".1 Blasting" is picked in 8 sizes of grain, TP (coarsest), TPG, F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG, FFFFG (finest), the last size being especially adapted for use in Granite qutrries. "B Blasting " has 6 sizes of gram, C (coarsest), TP, TPG, F, FF, Ft 1 (finest). It is glazed unless otherwise ordered. Shipping Powder {extra strength) is packed in six sizes of gram, TFCi (coarsest), F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest). SAFETY FUSE Is of 8 qualities : Hemp,Cotton, Superior Mining, Single-Taped.Double- Taped Triple-Taped, Small Gutta Perch , Large Gutta Percha, the quali- ties in greatest demand being Cotton and Single Taped. 12 inches of Hemp Fuse will bu: n out in about 9 seconds. 12 " Cotton Fuse " " 15 12 " Single-Taped Fusa " " 18 12 " Double-Taped Fuse " 4l 20 T .ned Fuse is made to resist influence of water and severe tampug. Safety Fuse is packed in barrels, ezch barrel containing a unilorm number of feet, viz : . . . Cotton Fuse 14,000 feet m each barrel. Hemp 1'VMO " Single-Tape Fuse 8,000 " Double-Tape Fuse 7,000 Triple-Tape Fuse 5,000 ATLAS POWDER. Put up in cartridges of either 6 or 8 inches in length, and from % oi an inch to 2 inches in diameter, and packed in 25-lb., 50-lb. short and o - lb long boxes (the last, for convenience in handling, contain the powder m five 10-lb. paper boxes plaeed inside of the wood box ) Boxes marked E contain 20 per cent. Sitro-Glycerme Towder E - D D — C C-l- B B-I- A Taking "Atlas C Powder "as a standard, a single cartridge cf that grade will weigh in ounces, according to its diameter ana length, as fol- lows : Size of Cartridge *X6 1 X6 WX6 1*X6 IX X 6 IX X 6 2 X6 Weight in Ounces of each Cartridge. 3* 4* 6* 9* 13* Size of Cartridge. Weight in Ounces of each Cartridge. % X 1 X 1* X 1* X 1* x IX X 2 X 4* 5* 6* 8 12* 16 20 Note. -For low r grades, reduce weight of Cartridge; for higher grades increase weight of caitridge. 137 Headquarters for Agricultural Implements. copyer strip Feed cutters. Lever Feed Cutters. Family Cider Hill. Union Cider Mill. Hay RacK. Corn Mill. Cultivators. Presse Apex Harrow Lawn rollers. Road Scrapers. Press Screw We have the finest and best illustrated Agricultural Implement Catalogue in this country which we furuieh to dealers only, on application. We sell our goods which are sccoud to none, at the very lowest maiket price. Address METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL WORKS. H. B. GRIFFING'S SONS & CO. 70 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES-! QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED TO PBODTJCE A GIVEK NUMBER OF PLANTS AND SOW A GIVEN AMOUNT OF GEOCND. Quantity per acre. Artichoke, 1 oz. to 500 plants. ... Vi lb. Asparagus, 1 oz. to 200 plants . . 5 lbs. Barley/.... ;■•-••: 2 ^ bu - Beans, dwarf, 1 quart to 150 feet ofdrill ...••••• IK ,' Beans, pole, 1 quart to 200 hills . . }» Beet, garden, 1 oz. to 100 feet of drill 10 Beet, Mangel, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill b Brocoli, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 Broom Corn l"VAU Brussels Sprouts, 1 oz. to S,m> lbs. lbs. plants. Buckwheat fc bu. Cabbage, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 6 oz. Carrot, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . 2% lbs. Cauliflower. 1 oz. to 3,000 plants. 5 oz. Celery, 1 oz. to 10,000 plants. . . 4 Clover, Alsike and White Dutch 6 lbs. " Lucerne, Large Red and Crimson Trefoil 8 " Medium 10 Collards, 1 oz. to 2,500 plants . . 6 oz. Corn, sweet, 1 quart to 500 hills . 8 qts. Cress, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. . . 8 lbs. Cucumber, 1 oz. to 80 hills. ..... 1M Egg Plant, 1 oz. to 2,000 plants . 8 oz. Endive, 1 oz. to 300 feet of drill. 3 lbs. Flax, broad cast..... ........ •••• ** Du - Garlic, bulbs, 1 lb. to 10 feet of Gourd, 1 oz.' to 25 hills 2^ Grass, Blue Kentucky ^ " Blue English ..... .. . . .. -I " Hungarian and Millet >6 " MixedLawn :•:•«"• s " Orchard, Perennial Rye, Red Top,Fowl Meadow and Wood Meadow .... 2 bu. Quantity per acre. Hemp A H bu - Kale. 1 oz. to 3,1)00 plants .4 oz. Kohl Rabi, 1 oz. to 200 feet of \% lbs. Leek, 't oz.'to250 feet of drill. . . . 4 '" Lettuce, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 3 Martynia, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 Melon, Musk, 1 oz. to 100 hills. . . 1% Melon, Water, 1 oz. to 25 hills. .. 1)£ Nasturtium, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 Oats 2% bu. Okra," i oz.' to 50 feet of drill 10 lbs. Onion Seed, 1 oz, to 200 feet of drill 5 " forSets 30 Onion Sets, 1 quart to 20 feet of drill 8 Parsnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 5 Parsley, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill . 8 Peas, garden, 1 quart to 150 feet ofdrill Vti bu. " field 2% Pepper, 1 oz. to 1,500 plants 4 oz. Potatoes 8 bu. Pumpkin, 1 quart to 300 hills 4 qts. Radish, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill . . 8 lbs Rye 1% . bu Salsify, 1 oz. to 60 feet of drill . Spinage, 1 oz. to 150 feet of dnll.lO Summer Savory, 1 oz. to 500 feet ofdrill 2 " Squash, summer, 1 oz. to 40 hills 2 " winter, 1 oz. to 10 hills. . 3 Tomato, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants .... 3 oz. Tobacco. 1 oz. to 5,000 plants . . 2 - Turnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . Wi lbs. Vetches 2 bu. Wheat lto2 bu. lbs. 8 lbs. Telocity and Force of the Wind. Description. Hardly perceptible. Just perceptible... Gentle Breeze Pleasant Breeze . . Brisk Gale High Wind Very high Wind.. Storm Great Storm mies Feet per P er minute. Hour. Hurricane. 3 4 5 10 25 £0 25 30 35 40 45 50 CO TO 80 100 Feft per second, Force in lbs. per sq. foot . 88 176 264 352 440 880 1320 1760 2200 2640 30S0 3520 3900 4100 52fc0 6100 7040 8800 I 1.47 2.93 4.4 5.87 7.33 14.67 22 36^6 t*. 51.3 58.6 66. 73 3 86. 102.7 117.3 146 6 .005 .020 .044 .079 .123 .492 1.107 1.968 3.075 4.42S 6.027 7.872 9.963 12.300 17.712 24.108 31.4S8 49.200 139 O * 5 £'? w ^3 en UJ o ^ Jr ^ c o © J "MM « h g ► M o «9l a cd © ~ o JB 9 o q o CO £0 5" 55 > S^ GO O ! Jl -< s O j * * S^ © oc So •pJ Q a J! CH § © ® c o 6 •Wo g G0« Iffi CD ©S5 ■d 2 u T E-* j 03 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Dimensions of Cylindrical Yessels. It will be useful for tinners to know how to calculate the contents in gallons of cylindrical vessels. This is easily done by this formula : Square the diameter (in inches and decimal parts of an inch), multiply it by the height, then multiply the product by .0034 for wine gallons, or by .002785 for beer gallons. Tinners are often called upon to construct a can or other cylindrical vessel to contain a certain number of gallons. The following table, fur- nished by an experienced tinner, gives the dimensions of cylindrical vessels which cut to advantage from tin or galvanized iron : Gallons. Diameter. Height. Gallons. Diameter. Height. 1 62 6| 30 18» 26* 30* 2 8* >3 35 18* 3 9 40 18| 34 4 10* 13J 50 20* 35 5 uj 1U 60 22* 33 6 111 18| 70 23 40 10 13* 16A 80 24* 40 15 15* 19 90 244 45 20 16 23 100 26 45 25 18 23 Table of Dimensions of Various Measures of Capacity. Size. Diameter of Top. Diameter of Bottom. Height. Inches. Inches. Inches. 1 gallon. i ti 4 4? 8 1 quart. U 4 5| 1 gallon. 4 7 8* i " 6* 4 4 5 " . 8 us HI m 3 " 7 iei 2 " 6 10* 81 1 " 3f H 7? 20 quarts. 19* 13 8 16 " 18 H4 6 J 14 " 151 ?I 9 10 " 14* n 1 pint. 21 3| 75 " 2f H 3* 3" quarts. 3i 6 8* 1 pint. 4i 3| 22 * gallon. 1" " 34 2* S 5 1 " 2 4* 4* i " If 81 3£ 2 quarts. 9 6 32 22 3 pints. 8* n 4 1 pint. 61 4 2f Pie. 9 7* H A box A box A box A box A box A box A box A boi A. box Capacity of Boxes. 24 by 16 inches and 28 inches deep will contain 5 bushels. 24 by 16 inches and 14 inches deep will oontain 2* bushels. 14 by 232 1 5 inches and 10 inches deep will contain 1* bushels. 16 inches square and 8| inches deep will contain 1 buphel. 16 by 8§ inches and 8 inches deep will contain * bushel. 8 inches square and 8| inches deep will contain 1 peck. 8 by 9,1 inches and 4 inches deep will contain 1 gallon. 8 by 4 inches and 44 inches deep will contain * gallon. 4 inches square and 41 inches deep will contain 1 quart* 141 — ■— The most perfect Anti-Friction Hanger in the Market, BECAUSE It is made of Bteel through- out, except the wheel, which has a steel axle, Itwillnotbreak It is practically free from wear, It is almost noiseless in ac- tion. It re - quires no oil. It has a broad bearing on the door and keeps in liDe. It is by far the most durable. It may be used with any track. It is always in order. XiAlsrS-8 PATENT THA.OX. Is made of steel and is easily put in position. Catches and holds no snow or ice. Door hung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not subject to decay. Requires no fitting, but i » ready at once. May be used with hangers of other manufac.ure. LANE'S MEASURING FAUCET. PRICE, 93.00. For Light or Heavy Molasses, Oils, Varnishes or other Fluids. We warrant these Faucets to to be as represented, measuring correctly and working more eas- ily in heavy molasses than any Measuring Faucet in the market. No grocer can afford to be with- out them, for they save time, aDd "time is money." They in- sure perfect cleanliness, requir- ing no tin measures or funnel to collect dirt and draw flies. They do not drip. They prevent all waste, as no molasses or other fluid can pass except when the crank is turned. They are the embodiment of simplicity, and consequently they are always in order. They work easily in the heaviest molasses. They are war- ranted to measure correctly, ac- cording to U. S. Standard. Manufactured Exclusively by LAHE BROS-, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. GENERAL AGENCY, JOHN H. GrBAHAU & CO., 113 Chambers St., New York. HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. Capacity of Cylindrical Cisterns or Tanks, FOR EACH FOOT OF DEPTH Diameter in feet. Gallons. Pounds. Diameter in feet. Gallons. Pounds. 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 23.5 36,7 52.9 72.0 94.0 119.0 146.9 177.7 211.5 248.2 287.9 330.5 376.0 424.5 196 306 441 600 784 992 1,225 1,482 1,764 2,070 2,401 2,756 3,135 3,540 9.0 9.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 475.9 530.2 587.5 710.9 846.0 992.9 1,151.5 1,321.9 2,350.1 3,672.0 5,287.7 7,197.1 9,400.3 3,968 4,421 4,899 5,928 7,054 8,280 9,602 11,023 19,596 30,620 44,093 60.016 78,388 Rule for Measuring the Capacity of a Circular Cistcri:. ?„?.£ "by Ue depth n See, aud divide the product by 23!. The quo- 63 gallons to one hogshea*. Capacity of Cisterns in Barrels (3H Gals.) Depth 1 foot. Depth 1 foot. Diameter. Barrels. Feet, .74 1.16 1.70 2.28 2.98 3.77 4.66 5.64 6.71 7.88 9.13 10.49 11.93 Diameter. Feet, 8 9 4 11 12 13 14 15 20 25 30 Barrels. 13.47 15.11 16.81 18.65 22.56 26.85 31.61 36.55 41.96 74.60 116.57 167.86 Rule for Measuring the Capacity of a Square Cistern, capacity of one foot in depth. 143 '■•■■ KEEL* CONGRESS PAT, STAR HACK SAW 00F ™ „„,„ 003 297 827 7 L ■11117 -" WTfrir nwii^^ STAR HACK SAWS, STAR BUTCHER SAWS, STAR BRACKET SAWS. THE STAR HACK SAW has a file temper, and one 5-cent blade will do more work than $1 worth of files. It will cut off an inch square bar of steel 30 times. THE STAR BUTCHER SAW will cut four times as long without filing as any other kind in use. It will cut off a half-inch rod of iron 30 times. THE STAR BRACKET SAW is taking the place of all other kinds. None of i >st of filing. They are taking the 1 1 other saws as fast as they become known. *-- i-iriTr , ir , « ,a, c 11 in. $0.95 Length . . . Per doz . . . . 6 in. . $0.55 HACK SAW BLADES. 7 in. 8 in. 9 in. 10 in. $0.60 $0.65 $0.70 $0.85 12 in. $1.05 Length . . . Per doz . . . . 14 in. . $1.08 BUTCHER SAW BLADES. 16 in. 18 in. 20 in. 22 in. $1.08 $1.20 $1.20 $1.32 24 in. $1.32 26 in. $1.44 Length . . . Per gross. .000 to . $1.00 BRACKET SAW BLADES. 6 7 8 9 10 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 11 $1.50 12 $1.60 For sale by most Hardware Dealers, or sent by mail on receipt of the price. MILLERS FALLS CO., 93 Reade St., New York. imtmw . sill! STAR BUTCHER SAW.