te^!S^?5^s^JwS*c •:!?;; ;:;%■;■:.'.;: CT(t:ai ■i:4:aM:A;.::'.;iX;' A J^ ,0^ \^ ,0^ ."- -->. •^o ''<> " ' ■ ^° V =v J.0 . ■^ ,. -./- -^ <> •^^0^ -^OV^ ^--0^ ■A -f. A . •-^. -K^ <*-, '■'. a"' "^ .-^*■■ V .^""^^ 'f> ^-^^ . .-,, V"" -. » * .\^ ,.0" .o^,';>, c3. iK -n/^o^ 'by :^' ^ •' - -^0^ ^;SI^' '^^. ^^ S o. A. O -^ .-^' ■ o ■■ . . ^ ^ .'> ^z:^,i--,- •^o. bv- aO o' . • • - "^^ "^, l-S ft' .*' <;• •J' x^-^. A -1. «:/;"- V.\ ->■ -f- 0' ■^-•^l V- s<\ ■■:.; JK' .0- " ' . 'o. . ■•;.;•■ ,<>* •^i , .- = . ''b y^-^-^. ' " •.^^^^- _ O ' , , , - .0 ,0 .>- %^, %. ^^ ^x. <^^ .•)• <:- A .0^ -b ■^"V-* .0 ■0* X ,^ 0* ..'.M'. > \> %/ ^^«^-, %/- .-m-: %.^ : "=^^ •K-. x- > .'b.?-,b f ,0' x°-ni. 0^ .= V^u ^%^ ' -1-/^-. ^o. *> " ™ o <^ -. A<^ • ,r«"Wv,_<' O .* .V 0° t.. o^ ^.;^ .•^ fb. - "y' -^ .K y,iy/jM* r. .0^ ■i' PROCEEDINGS IN CONGRESS ON THK OCCASION OK THH RHCKFTION AND ACCEPTANCE THE STATUE General Ulysses S. Grant P R E S H N T H I) B Y The Grand Army oe the Republic, May lu, 1900. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMHNT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. .. 5S STATUE OF GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. Reso/vcd by the Senate {t/ie House of A'epreseiitati-ees eo>ieurring). That there be printed ami bound, in the form of eulogies, thirteen thousand and fifty copies of the proceedings in Congress upon the reception and acceptance of the statue of General Ulysses S. Grant, presented by the Grand Army of the Republic, of which four thousand shall be for the use of the Senate, eight thousand for the use of the House of Representa- tives, one thousand to be delivered to the committee of the Grand Army of the Republic on the Grant Jlemorial, and the remaining fifty, bound in full morocco, to be presented to Mrs, Julia Dent Grant; and the Pub- lic Printer is directed to procure a photogravure of said statue and a pho- togravure likeness of General Grant to accompany said proceedings. Passed the Senate Maj- 29, 1900. Passed the House June 5, 1900. JOINT RESOLl'TIUN to accept from the national encampment of the Granii Army of the Republic a statue i and pedestal I of the late General I'lysses S. Grant. Whereas the members of the posts of the Grand Armj- of the Republic, desirous of testifying their affectionate and patriotic regard for their late comrade General Ulysses S. Grant, have contributed a sum of money sufficient for the erection of a statue to his memory; and Whereas it is their wish and purpose to present such .statue to the Con- gress of the United States to be placed in the Capitol at Washing- ton: Therefore, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 0/ the United States of America in Congress assembled. That a statue in marble, with a proper pedestal, of the late General Ulysses S. Gr.^nt tendered by the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic .shall be received and erected in the Capitol of the United States, and shall thereupon become the property of the United States: Provided, That the design of such statue and pedestal .shall first be submitted to and receive the approval of the Joint Conmiittee on the Library. Approved, August 14, iSqi.. 2 ,,^, 1 1903 D.ofD. KESOLL TIUN Of the Joint Committee on the Librarx- ap]iro\-iny; the design for the statue of General UXYSSES vS. Grant, to he presented to Congress by the Grand Army of the Rejmblic. ])assed Ajiril 30, 1S9S. Resolved, That, acting- under autliority of the joint resohition "To accept from the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic a statue (and pedestal) of the late General Ui-YSSKS S. Grant," approved August 14, 1890, the Joint Committee on the Library approves the design for said statue executed b\- Franklin Simmons and submitted this dav bv a committee representing the Grand Army of the Republic. Geo. Pkakody Wetmork. Chairma)! , Hknkv C. Hanshkoixvh, ]•". m. cockkei.i., Senate Committee. Alfred C. H.vr.mek, ChairDiau , Lemiei. E. Quigg, Amos J. Cummings, House Committee. THE UNVEILING OF THE STATLE OF GENERAL GRANT. The statue of Cieiieral Ui.vssKS S. CrKANT, presented hy his comrades of tlie Grand Army of the Republic, stands in the Rotunda of the Capitol, as befits the statue of one whose serv- ice has been for the whole nation. There it will remain with the statues of Hamilton, Jefferson, and Lincoln, which are also in the Rotunda, "an example and an insjtiration to future gen- erations." The hero of A])pomattox stands near the western entrance, appropriately flanked by the famous paintinjjs The Surrender of lUirtjoyne and The Surrender of Cornwallis. After Ijeing' set up the statue was draped with two lar>je American flags. Thus jirotected by the colors of his country. the General's form had remained for some days. The unveil- ing took place shortly before n(X)n on Saturday, May 19, 1900, Miss Vivian Sartoris, granddaughter of General Gr.vnt, draw- ing the cord. Among tho.se present at the ceremony were the General's widow. Mrs. Jidia Dent Grant; his daughter, Mrs. Nellie Grant Sartoris; his grandchildren, Miss \'ivian Sartoris and Captain Algernon Sartoris; Senator Frye, President pro tempore of the Senate; Mr. Henderson. vSpeaker of the House of Representa- tives; Senator Hansbrough, of the Library Committee of the Senate: Mr, McCleary, Chairman of the Library Committee of the House; Sergeant-at-Arms Ransdell of the Senate; Sergeant- at-Arms Casson of the House; the following members of the 5 6 Unvcilini^ of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. Grant Memorial Committee of the Grand Army of the Republic: Past Commander in Chief Samuel S. Burdett, of Washington, District of Columbia, chairman; Past Commander in Chief Robert B. Beath.of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, secretary; Past Seni<5r \'ice Connnander in Chief Selden Connor, of Portland, Maine; Past Junior Vice Department Commander Edmund S. Grant, of Middleport, Ohio; and the following of the national officers of the Grand Army of the Republic: Chaplain in Chief Rev. Jacob L. Grinnn. of Baltimore, Maryland, and Past Depart- ment Commander George H. Patrick, of Montgomery, Alabama, aid-de-camp, as special representative of Commander in Chief Albert D. vShaw, of Watertown, New York. No announcement of the hour of tlie unveiling had lieen made, but there were in attendance in the Rotunda, nevertheless, quite a number of vSenators and Representatives and citizens. As was appropriate, the ceremony of the unveiling was very simple. Mi.ss Sartoris, attired in white, drew the lanyard, the flags which had enveloped the statue fell, and the statue stocxl revealed. For a moment there was entire silence, while all eagerly scanned the marble semblance of the General. Then, as the beauty of the .statue and the perfection of the likene.ss became appreciated, there was a burst of generous applause. Mrs. Grant inspected the statue critically and smiled her ap- proval. The party then repaired to the Hall of the House, where the ceremonies of the acceptance began shorth- after noon. The ceremonies in the vSenate took place at 4 o'clock the same afternoon. Through the courtesy of vSpeaker Henderson, Mrs. Grant and her family occupied, during the exercises in the House, the seat of the Speaker in the gallery reserved for the families of Representatives. STATLE OF GENERAL 1 I ASSES S. GRAM. PKOCKEDINCS l\ IHI- HdlSli OF KHI'KESKNT.VriMiS. FRIDAY, APRIL. 27, 1900. Mr. McCle.vrv. Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Commit- tee on the Library, I ask unanimous consent for the i)resent consideration of the re.sokition which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: Kt'soli'cd , Tliat the exerci.scs apjjropriale to the reception nd acceptance from the Oraiid .\riny of the Republic of the statue of General Ui.vsSKS S. Gr.-\XT, to be erected in the Capitol, be made the special order for Satur- day, May 19, immediately after the readinjf of the Journal. The vSpe.vkrr. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none, and accordingl)- the special order is made. TUESDAY, MAY 15, 1900. Mr. McCle.\ry. Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Commit- tee on the Library, I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the resolution which I send to the desk. The vSpe.\ker. The gentleman from Minne.sota [Mr. Mc- Cleary] , V)y direction of the Conunittee on the Library, asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of the reso- lution which the Clerk will read. 8 /'roarihiios in tlic House of Rcpicsctitafivcs. The Clerk read as follows: A'esolveJ. That during the exercises on the 19th instant, incident to the reception and acceptance of the statue of General Ui.vsSES S. Grant, the committee of the Grand Army of the Republic on the Grant Memorial, the present commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, the senior vice-commander in chief, the junior vice-commander in chief, the surgeon-general, the chaplain in chief, the adjutant-general, the quarter- master-general, the inspector-general, the judge-advocate-general, and the senior aid-de-camp and chief of staff of the Grand Army of the Republic be admitted to the floor of the House. The Spkakkk. Is there objection to the present considera- tio!t of this resolution? [A pause.] The Chair hears none. The question is on agreeing to the resoltition. The resolution was agreed to. On motion of Mr. McCleary, a motion to reconsider the vote by which the resolution was adopted was laid on the table. WEDNESDAY, MAY 16. 1900. Mr. McCleakv. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of the following resolution, which I send to the Clerk's desk; The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That during the exercises on the 19th instant, incident to the reception and accept-ance of the statue of General Uly.sses S. Grant, the gallery on the north side of the House be .set apart and reserved for the guests of the Grand Army of the Republic, who shall be admitted thereto by card, countersigned by the Doorkeeper of the House of Repre- sentatives. The Speaker. Is there objection to the pre.sent considera- tion of the resolution? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. The resolution was agreed to. On motion of Mr. McCleary, a motion to reconsider the last vote was laid on the table. Aarptaiitc of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 9 SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1«00. The House met at i 2 o'clt)ck: 111. The following prayer was offered hy the Cha]>laiii. Rc\'. Henry X. Coiiden, D. D. : O Thou to whom myriads lift their hearts daily in adoration and praise, God of onr fathers and our God, we come with onr trilnite of praise and gratitude for all the blessings which Thou hast hestowed upon us, grateful that we are citizens of the United States of America, incomparably greater than all other republics U]>on the f.ice of the fair earth. We remember with fer\'enc\' all the men who under Th\ ])n>vidence conceived, resolved, and maintained it through all its vicis.situdes to the present moment — Washington, Warren, Adams, Jefferson, Lin- coln. Grant, Garfield, and that innumerable host who toiled and .sacrificed even tuito death that it might live. The spleudid gift of the Grand Army of the Republic to the nation to-day reminds us of the stalwart, patriotic soldier and statesman to whom the nation owes a debt of gratitude which can never be canceled: gentle yet strong, mild yet aggressive, with indomi- table courage and jierseverance he mo\-ed on to the end a relent- less force; yet, generous as he was brave, patieut as he was courageous, magnanimous as he was bold, he became the man of peace when peace was most needed, an example not less to the world than to those he led to victory. Bless, we pray Thee, the widow whom he has left to us. Grant that she may be comforted in these hours by the .splendid tribute that his comrades, in their gift to the nation, offer to him, and b\' the memory of his precious life. God be v.ith us ever more: guide us as a nation and keep us strong and wi.se and true, an example to the nations of the world, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. lo P/-oai'd//ios ill the Hoiisr of Rrpycscnlatives. The coinniittet; of the Grand Army of the ReptibHc having in charge the presentation of the statue of General Ulysses S. Grant to the Government of the United States were announced and conducted to seats prepared for them in front of the Speaker's desk. The Speaker. A few days ago this great body, without one dissenting voice, adopted the resohitions which the Clerk will now report. The Clerk read as follows: On April 27 : "On motion of Mr. McCleary, by unanimous consent, 'Resolved, That the exerci,ses appropriate to the reception and accept- ance from the Grand Army of the Republic of the statue of General Ulysses S. Gr.'VNT, to be erected in the Cajjitol, be made the .special order for Saturday, Jlay 19, immediately after the reading of the Journal.' " On May 15 : " A'esofved . That during the exercises on the 19th instant, incident to the reception and acceptance of the statue of General ULYSSES S. Gr.^nT, the committee of the Grand Army of the Republic on the Grant Memorial, the present commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, the .senior vice-commander in chief, the junior vice-commander in chief, the surgeon-general, the chaplain in chief, the adjutant-general, the quarter- master-general, the inspector-general, the judge-advocate-general, and the senior aid-de-camp and chief of staff of the Grand Army of the Republic be admitted to the floor of the House." On Jlay 16 : " Resolved, Ttiiit during the exercises on the iglh instant, incident to the reception and acceptance of the .statue of General Ulvsses S. Gr.\xT, the gallery on the north side of the House be set apart and reserved for the guests of the Grand Army of the Republic, who .shall be admitted thereto by card, countersigned by the Doorkeeper of the House of Rep- resentatives." The Speaker. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Minnesota, chairman, of the Committee on the Library. Mr. McCleary. Mr. Speaker, I send to the Clerk's desk, to be read, the communication of the committee from the Grand Army of the Republic making this presentation. Acceptance of the Statue of Ceneral Ulysses S. rni.ic, CoMMiTTKK ox Grant Mkmorial, M'asliiiigtoit, J). C, May ig, jgoo. Sir: In accordance with the "Joint resohition to accept from the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Repnblic a statue (and pedestal) of the late General ULYSSES S. Grant," approved Auf^ust 14, 1890, the committee of the Grand Army appointed to that end have caused such statue to be executed, anil the same is now placed in the Rotunda of the Capitol. The statue is an orij;inal work modeled by Mr. I'raiiklin Sinunoiis, an A\nierican artist having his studio in Rome. A brief recital of the origin and purpose of this memorial work seems proper. General Gr.-vnT, as were others of the leaders of the Union Armies, incUuling Generals Sherman and Sheridan, w-as a comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic, having been nuistered into Meade Post, No. i. Department of Pennsylvania, on the i6th day of May, 1S77. He wore its badge on proper occasion, sympathized with its objects, and fraternally mingled with its membership. It was natural, therefore, upon his decease at !Mount JIcGregor, New York, on the 23d day of July, 1S85, that his comrades of the Grand Army, whilst mingling tlieir grief with that of all of his countrymen, should desire, in some special manner, to signalize their personal regard for and devotion to their comrade, and their deep appreciation of the inestimal)le services he had rendered to his country and to his age. Accordingly, on the 24th of September, 18S5, the then commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic addressed a circular to the posts and departments of the order suggesting the creation of a fund by voluntary- contribution, no more than 15 cents to be received from any contributing comrade, for, as stated in the circular, "the erection of a monument, which, avoiding all exaggeration or mere motive of display, shall be in keeping with the simplicitv of the life and character of our great leader; of such intrinsic excellence as shall commend it to the care of the nation, and thus, through all succeeding generations, be our memorial as well as a monument to his fame." At the succeeding national encampment the project was laid before it, met with hearty commendation, and steps were taken to facilitate its accomplishment. Bv directions of succeeding national encampments the work was 12 Proceedings in the House of Representatives. continued until the finished result was brought within the shelter of the Capitol, and is now presented for acceptance. The fund contributed for the announced purpose represents the offerings of more than 70,000 of his comrades, most of whom had ser\-ed in the field under his command, and all of whom had hailed him as a comrade in the later day of peace. In their behalf we who now survive commit this semblance of his per- son to the care and keeping of the nation whose walls he helped to make stronger, rejoicing in the knowledge that the memories it will invoke are of good will to-day, and will be of concord through all coining time. Very respectfully, S.-VMUKL S. BURDETI, Ctiairinan. Robert B. Ke.\th Secretary. Selden Connor, Edmund S. Grant, Russell A. Alger, Hor.\ce vS. Cl.\rk, Coimnittee. Hon. D.wiD B. Henderson, Spealter of /lie House of Representatives. Mr. McCle.\rv. Mr. Speaker, I pre.sent the resolutions which I send to the Clerk's desk and move that, after the addresses appropriate to this occasion shall have been delivered, the resolutions be adopted. The Speaker. The gentleman from Miiniesota presents the resolutions which will now be reported to the House. The Clerk read as follows: Resotved by the House of Representatives {tlie Senate concurring). That the thanks of Congress be given to the Grand .Army of the Republic for the statue of General Ulvsses S. Gr.\nt. Resotved, That the statue be accepted and placed in the Capitol, and that a copy of these resolutions, signed by the presiding officers of the House of Representatives and the Senate, be forwarded to the chairman of the committee of the Grand Army of the Republic on the Grant Memorial. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ul\sses S. dianl. 1 3 ADDRESS OF Mr. MCCLEARY, OF MINNESOTA. Mr. S])eaker, the House of Representatives lias set aside this day to accept with proper ceremonial, from the Grand Army of the Republic, a statue of its most distinguished comrade, General I'lysses vS. Gr.\nt. The occa.sioii is graced by the presence of the lady who was his loved and honored companion through life, with her daughter and her grand- daughter and grandson. The statue, which is in itself a fine piece of art, showing the great military leader in his uniform as a general, is a tribute of the affectionate regard of his old companions in arms. They take honest pride in his fame, which is in part their own, and feel that it is fit and proper that his form and features should be ])reserved in mart)le beneath tlie Dome of this Capitol. On this occasion representatives of all parties and sections will pay tribute to the memory of the great commander, for we all feel that his fame is the ccmnnon heritage of the nation, and that in it we can all take pride. It is a very remarkable thing, and one highly creditable to all concerned, that there should l)e such unanimity of feeling toward the chief military leader of a great and recent civil war. But, strange as it may seem to people of other countries, the name of General Grant is loved and honored North and South. The North remembers and honors him for his unfalter- ing courage in the hour of danger; the "South remembers and loves him for his unvarying kindness in the hour of triunipli. All of his countrymen. North and South, unite in admiration for his genius and affection for his character. The South does not forget that the same voice which at 14 .-]M/rss of Mr. McClcary on Ihe Dijutlson tluniclereil (uit. "Immediate and unconditional sur- render," spoke at Appomattox the words of a brother, "Let them keep their horses; they will need them on their farms. " The South has not forgotten that the stern purpose expressed in the words, ' ' We will fight it out on this line if it takes all sunnner," was softened, after the war was over, in the all- comjirehending love of the man, into the sentiment, "Let us have peace." And our people ha\-e not ceased to honor valor or to love \-irtue. While the conflict raged he was the incarnation of ' ' grim- visaged war" — resolute, relentless, resi-Stless. But when the fratricidal strife was over, the sternness of his features relaxed, his eyes grew kindly, and the knightly soul of the great com- mander revealed itself in saving and .serving those who had laid down their arms. Thirt\-five years have passed .since General Grant's mili- tary career was crowned with victory, twenty-four years since he laid down the high office of President, to which he was twice cho.sen \i\ his grateful countrymen, and fifteen years since he hreathed out his life at Mount McGregor. Yet this is the first memorial raised to his fame in the capital cit\- of the country he served .so well. It should not be and shall not be the last. This statue being the tribute of his comrades in arms, I .shall confine \\\\ retnarks, neces.sarily limited, to a brief view of the significance of the war in which he and the>' participated. In the spring of 1865 more men moved obedient to the com- mand of General Gr.vxt than were commanded b}- Xaj)oleon in all his wars, from the beginning of his meteoric career, on the plains of Italy and before the pyramids of Egypt, until the .setting of his sun at Waterloo; and the area of Grant's opera- tions exceeded the area covered by Napoleon in all his campaigns from the vine-clad hills of France to the snowy steppes of Russia. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. (iianf. 15 But the real greatness of his niiHtar\histor\- is not (hie chiefly to the iinmensit\- of the forces which he commanded or the vastness of the area of his qperations. To appreciate the real dignity and worth of General Grant's services to mankind, and those of his companions in arms, they must be considered in their purposes as revealed in the light of universal history. His genius was exercised to save to the world its most prec- ious secular possession. I measure my words, sir, when I sa.y that the most valuable secular ixjssession of this world, then and now, is the Union of the American States. Hun- dreds of thousands of lives and thousands of millions of treasure have been expended to preserve it; but in its iM)tenc\- for good to the world it is worth infinitely more than it has cost. What is the spectacle which this country pre.sents to the world to-day? It is that of forty-five little nations, each self- governing in all iiKitters pertaining to itself individually, living side by side in peace: no fortresses on their frontiers; no .stand- ing armies within their borders. He who studies history aright will .see that this nation is constructed on a great pacific politi- cal principle. It involves the practical working out in the affairs of men of the idea which He came nineteen hundred years ago to bring, that of " Peace on earth, good will toward men. What is that jirinciple? It is the priiici])le of Federation based upon Representation, a principle which had its origin in the forests of Germany, a principle unknown to Asia, unknown even to Rome when she was mistress of the world. And, sir, the nations of Kurope, burdened with the weight of standing armies, will yet learn through the example of this coun- try the great lesson which it was created to teacli. They will dis- band their armies, tear down their fortresses, and establish the I'nited States of Europe. Alread\- we have the Dominion of i6 Address of Mr. McClcary on the Cauada framed on the principle of this Government. Austra- Ha is just about to form a government like ours. And the prin- ciple is extending its operation and will yet possess the earth. On the 4th day of July, 1863, a group of Americans were assembled in Paris. They were met in honor of the natal day of their nation. At that banquet toa.sts were proposed. One of the toasts was "The United States." The toastmaster, in presenting it, said: Here is to the United States, bounded on tlie north by the Briti.sli possession.s, bounded on the south — And, oh, how nuich of hope and fear the words then con- tained — bv .Vf.rho and the (i id f of Mexico, bounded on the east by the Atlantic, and on the west by the Pacific. That gentleman was probably from New England, careful and exact in his .statements. Another American from farther west, let us say from Ohio, arose and .said: When we are giving boundaries of the United States, why not see witli the eye of prophecy? Here is to the United States, bounded on the north by the North Pole, on the south by the South Pole, on the east by the rising of the sun, and on the west by the setting thereof. Then a tall, .slender gentleman from the breezy prairies of the West arose and said: When we are indulging in prophecy, why not see with full compre- hensiveness? Here is to the United States, bounded on the north by the aurora borealis, on the south by the precession of the equinoxes, on the east by primeval chaos, and on the we.st by the day of judgment. That is a banquet picture, playful in its humor; but, sir. in a certain .sense it is destined to be true. By and by international questions will be settled in the forum of peace as we now settle questions between States, by having a representative body assembled, as occa.sion requires, at .some convenient place, as this Congress a.ssembles here. It is not difficult of belief that the time is near when, under the process which I have thus Acceptance of the Statue of General L'/ysses S. Giaut. 17 briefly indicated, there will come into existence the United States of the World, extending from pole to pole and from the rising to the setting of the sun. Then will he realized the dream of the poet, when — The war (iruin l)eat.s no longer. And the battle flags are furleil In the parliament of man. The federation of the world. Thus we see something of the true significance of the I'nited Stales of America in the Divine Economy and the worth of the war for the preservation of the I'nion. This is not the first of republics in {X)int of time. Other gov-- ernments named republics exi.sted before ours, but this is the first of real republics to cover a vast area. It is the first repub- lic and the first country covering a vast area which has been .so organized as to leave the management of local affairs to those most interested in them, while .securing to the whole nation the powers needed for the common defense and the genera! welfare. Here first and Ijest have been secured in our federal republic, "Liberty and I'nion, one and inseparable, now and forever." The civil war was the supreme test to determine whether ' ' a nation so conceived and so dedicated ' ' could ' ' long endure. ' ' And every man who had any part, however lunnble, in the preservation of that Union is entitled to the gratitude of the world. Hence the propriety, the eminent propriety, of enshrin- ing within tliis Capitol, this temjtle of the great pacific principle of Federal Union through Representation to which I have alluded, a statue of the great commander through whose genius the Union was preserved. The statue, Mr. Speaker, worthy alike of the genius which it commemorates and of the brave men whose cheerful con- tributions produced it, will be accepted; and it will be preserved in honor through the coming centuries. S. Doc. 451 2 i8 Address of Mi . Richardson on the ADDRESS OF Mr, Richardson, of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Ulysses S. Grant does not need a .statue in this Capitol or at any other place on earth in order that his name and fame may be perpetuated. Long after the marble figure of him this day presented to the nation shall have decayed and disappeared his deeds will survive and the work of his hand be manifest. I believe it is true that history shows that every nation and people and tribe that has gone before us, or that now has an existence, has made a hero, if not an idol, of that man who in its great wars has proven himself to be its most successful soldier. Our own Republic is a conspicuous example of this historical fact. When the United States emerged from the war of the Rev- olution the soldier of that great struggle who had won highest renown was George Washington. The most exalted honor in the gift of his countrymen was immediately and lovingly bestowed upon him. and he became the first Chief Magistrate. The war of 1812 with Great Britain had its illustrious hero in the person of Andrew Jackson, and in due time he received the same reward as that bestowed upon Washington. The great Indian wars of the West developed a hero in the person of William Henry Harrison, whom a generous people raised to the Presidency. The war with Mexico gave the country a President in the person of General Taylor. The greatest of all our wars, the late war between the States, was not an exception to this rule, and likewise produced its hero. That hero we here and now delight to honor. It is not only his- torically true that each of our wars has produced one soldier who became its most conspicuous figure, but it is further true Acceptance of the Stahie of General Ulysses S. Grant. ig tliat the hero thus developed has each time been rewarded by his appreciative countrymen with the gift of their highest office. The hero of the war between the States was born in Cler- mont County, Ohio. April 27, 1822. He wa.s of Scotch ancestry. Init his family had been American in all its branches for several generations. He was a descendant of Mathew Grant, who arrived at Dorchester, Mas.sachu.setts. in May, 1630. His father was Jes.se R. Grant and his mother Hannah Simp.son. In the fall of 1823 his parents removed to Georgetown, tlie county seat of Brown County. Ohio. From an early age until 17 years old he attended the subscription schools of George- town, except during the winters of 1836-37 and 1838-39, which were .spent at school in Maysville, Kentucky, and Ripley. Ohio. In the .spring of 1839, at the age of 17, he was appointed to a cadetship in the Military Academy at West Point, and entered the Academy July i, 1839. He graduated from the Academy in 1843, twenty-first in a cla.ss of thirtx-niiie mem- bers. July I. 1843, he was attached to the Fourth I'nited States Infantry as brevet second lieutenant; was appointed second lieutenant in the Seventh Infantry Sej)tember 30, 1845. During the Mexican war he took part with his regi- ment, the Fourth Infantry, having been transferred to that regiment, and was in all :he battles fought b\- Generals Scott and Taylor, except that of Buena Vista. He was several times promoted during the war with Mexico. On the 22d day of August, 1848, he married Miss Julia Dent, of St. Louis, Missouri, and who, blessed with long life, honors us with her presence and lends grace to this occasion. In 1852 his regiment was .sent to the Pacific coast, and August 5, 1S53, he was appointed captain. In 1854 he re- signed from the Army and went to live on a farm near St. Louis, Mis.souri. In i860 he removed to Galena, Illinois, 20 Address of Mr. Richardson on the and became a clerk in his fatlier's store. In April, 1861, after President Lincoln's call for troops, he presided at a public meeting in Galena, which resulted in the organization of a company of volunteers, which he drilled and accom- panied to Springfield, Illinois. He was employed at once by Governor Yates in the adjutant's office and appointed mustering officer. May 24, 1861, he offered his ser\-ices to the National Government in a letter he then wrote, but no answer was ever made to it. June 17, 1 86 1, he was appointed colonel of the Twenty- first Illinois Volunteers, and served until August 7, when he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers by the President. He w-as assigned September i to command the district of southeastern Missouri. On September 4 he e.stablished his headquarters at Cairo, and on the dth captured Paducah, Kentucky. On the 2d of February, 1862, he advanced from Cairo, and on the 6th captured Fort Henry, and on the 1 6th Fort Donelson. Soon afterwards he was made a major-general of volunteers, his commission dating from February 16, 1862. He com- manded at the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, and was second in command to General Halleck during the advance upon and the siege of Corinth. He was placed in command of the district of west Tennessee, and in September fought the battle of luka, Mis.sis-sippi, and in October the battle of Corinth. Jamiary 29, 1863, he took command of the troops on the Mississippi River opposite Vicksburg. After a number of minor engagements with the Confederates in that department, they retired their armies int(5 \'icksburg, and that city was besieged by General Gr.\xt, and it finally surrendered July 4, 1863, On that day he wa.« commissioned a major-general in the United States Army. In October he Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 2 r was assigned to the conmiand of the military division of the Mississippi, which included Rosecrans's army at Chattanooga. He went to Chattanooga and commanded in the battle of Missionary Ridge in November. For his successes Congress, in December, 1863, passed a resolution of thanks to him and the officers and soldiers of his command, and presented him with a gold medal. The bill restoring the grade of Lieutenanl- General became a law in February, 1S64, and on March i he was nominated for the ])ositioii and was confirmed the suc- ceeding day. On March \2 he a.s.sumed command of all the armies of the ITnited States, and immediately began the plan of cam- paign that kept all the armies in motion until the war ended. About May 4, 1864. this campaign — the greatest of the war — began, and lasted until the surrender of the Confederates in April, 1865. During this period there were fought some of the bloodiest battles in the world's history. On April g, 1865, the war was virtually closed by the surrender of the armies under General Lee at Appomattox, \'irginia. On the closing of the war his attention was directed to nuistering out of service the great armies under his connnand and the disposal of the enormous quantities of stores of the Government. In the discharge of his duties he visited different .sections of the countr}- and was received everywhere with genuine enthusiasm. The citizens of Philadelphia presented him with a handsome residence in that city; his old neighbors in Galena gave him a pretty home in their town; the people of New York presented to him a check for a large sum of money, and everywhere there were innni.stakable evidences of the high esteem in which he was held. In No\-eml:)er and December, 1865, he traveled through the Southern States, and made a report to the President upon the conditions there. 2 2 Addirss of Mr. Richardson on the 111 May, 1866, he suhiiiitted a plan to tlie Govenuiient for the reorganization of the Regular Army of the United States, which became the basis of reorganization. July 25 Congress passed an act creating the grade of General of the Armies of the United States, and on the same day he was appointed to this rank. August 12, 1867, was appointed by President Johnson Secretary of War ad interim, which position he held until January 14, 1868. At the national convention of the Republican party which met in Chicago on May 20, 186S, he was unanimously nomi- nated for President on the first call of States, and was duly elected in November of that year. Was renominated by his party in national convention in Philadelphia June 6. 1872, and was again successful. He retired from office March 4, 1877, and soon thereafter made a journey into foreign coun- tries, and in all of them vi.sited by him he was received with great distinction and pomp by the governments and peoples. An earnest effort was made to nominate him for a third term, but it failed. By special act of Congress pa.ssed March 3, 1885, he was placed as General on the retired list of the Army. I have necessarily spoken very briefl>- of the leading facts ill the life and career of this truly great American soldier. The most extravagant and fulsome eulogy that can possibly be bestowed by human lips upon General Grant does not in the shghtest degree derogate from the pure and matchless fame of the' hero and idol of those who fought against him, and of all true Confederates, in that bloody period during which his mar\-eloiis character was developed, and which gave him the opportunity to win everlasting renown. But for the indomitable courage and valor of the Confederate soldier there would have been no opportunity for his devel- oimient and for the proof of his giant strength. Accepta7ice of the Statue of General Ulysses S. (hant. 23 As an ex-Confederate soldier I revere liis memory and demand, and have a just riglit to demand, to share in the honor and glory which cluster like jeweled diadems around his name and render him conspicuous as an American soldier and citizen. Confederates can and do honor him because in battle he was a foeman worthy of their .steel. He .said on one familiar occasion, "We will fi.£(ht it out on this line if it takes all summer." This sentiment showed liis lion heart and iron will, and for this we honored him. When the day of Appo- mattox came, and the bravest of the brave under Lee laid down their arms forever, he said, "Let the men take their horses and go to their homes; they will need them with which to raise a crop for the women and children." If many honored him for the one sentiment I have quoted, man\- more loved him for the tenderness he displayed in his victory and for that tt)uch of nature which made them feel that they were akin and that their conqueror was a true American soldier. The magnanimity then displayed by him to the Confederates won for him.self from them their warmest gratitude. His magnanimity will always be remembered by Confederate soldiers and will stand con.spicuous in history .so long as nobility of character .shall be appreciated by mankind. It was hardly reasonable to expect, when he was called without experience in ci\il life to the highest and most responsible position in the ( io\-ernnient, that his career would lie marked by that superlative degree of .success which had added .so nuich luster to his name as a .soldier. Yet his admini.stration of the office gave satisfaction to the countr\' and was so suc- cessful that he was indorsed and reelected, as I have already stated. During his eight years in the Presidency, legislation was almost completed for the restoration of the Southern .States 24 Address of Mr. Richardson on the to their original positions in tlie Union, the reunion of the States was about perfected, and all sections of the land admitted to full and free representation under the Government. Much of the bitterness engendered by the war, and which had been left alive at its closing, and which was not appreciably diminished during President Johnson's term, was almost dissi- pated, certainh- much softened, during his Administration. An examination of his state papers will show that he dwelt especially upon the duty of paying the national debt in gold and returning to .specie payments: that he urged upon Con- gress with great zeal a proposition to annex Santo Domingo; that during his administration the ' ' Quaker peace commis- sion" was appointed to deal with the Indians, the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was pro- claimed, the treaty of Washington was negotiated, and, with a subsequent arbitration at Geneva, a settlement was provided of the difficulties relating to the Alabama claims and the fisheries; that in 1S70 and frequently at later dates he urged upon Congress the need of reform in the civil service. His appeal secured the passage of the law of March 3. 1871, under which he appointed a Civil Service Commission. This commission framed rules, which were approved by the Presi- dent. They provided for open competitive examinations and went into eiTect January i, 1872, and out of these grew the present civil-service rules. One of his most important papers was the message vetoing the "inflation bill." The closing months of his public life covered the .stormy and exciting period following the Presidential election of 1876, when the re.sult, as between Mr. Tilden and Mr. Hayes was so long in doubt. There is .scarcely anything, however, in any Presiden- tial iiaper of that period to indicate the great peril to the Acceptance of the Statue of General U/vsses S. Grant. 25 country and the severe strain to whicli our institutions were subjected in the memorable contest. President Grant died July 2t„ 18S5, at Mount McGregor, New York, and his ashes peacefully rest at beautiful Riverside Park on the lianks of the Hudson River. New York City. His burial place is marked by a splendid mausoleum, to which many of his admirint^ countrymen make frequent jjilt^rimage, that they may pay loving tribute to his memory and testify afresh their appreciation of his heroism and devotion to duty. 26 Address of Mr. IVannr on the ADDRESS OF Mr. Warner, of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Illinois lia.s the honor of having given Ulysses S. Grant to the ^'olunteer Army of the United States. In accepting, as a representative of that State, the invitation to speak of him on this occasion I appreciate my inaliility and the inability of any man adequately to set forth his greatness and his worth. As a citizen, as a soldier, as a statesman, he was preeminent: and the fact is more and more understood and appreciated as the years go by, as we study and understand his character, his acts, his words, and his writings, as time demonstrates the correctness of his strategy and the wi.sdom of his civil Administration. He was true, pure, gentle, and loyal as husband, father, and friend; and the most difficult word for him to utter was the word "No." Truly he had malice toward none and charity for all; and throughout his wonderful career, with its vicissitudes and triumphs, to all who knew him he remained Ulvsses S. Grant, a good, kind, considerate, lovable man. His earlier misfortunes did not depress him, and his later successes did not elate him. He did his duty as he understood it, modestly, in an honest, earnest, straightforward way, and accepted what our good Father gave him without complaint or exultation. And what a wonder his life's history! The more truthfully told one hundred years hence the more will it appear like fiction. Ha\ing been graduated from West Point and advanced to the rank of captain in the Regular Army, from which he had resigned, almost at middle life he found himself, with a family, in eastern Missouri desperate!}' endeavoring to keep the wolf Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 2-] out of the door by clearing aud farming a small tract of land and by peddling in St. Louis the wood cut by his o\yii hands. A little later, to better that condition, he ol)tained of his father a clerkship, at a limited salary, in a small store in Galena, Illi- nois. Within one year he was in command of an army of his country, and demanded and accepted the surrender of General Huckncr, with 15,000 men, at Fort Donel.son. Within less than three years he demanded and accepted the surrender of General Pemberton, with 32,000 soldiers, at Vicksburg. Within four years his victorious army swept over the crest of Mis.sionary Ridge and opened the way to the sea. Within five years he was in command of all the armies of the United States: the army under his innnediate command had mov'ed, by the left flank, down through the Wilderness, General Lee had tendered him his sword and surrendered to him the gallant Army of Northern \'irginia, and our countrv' was saved and united forever. Within eight years he was Presi- dent of the United States: and but a short time thereafter all the potentates of the world felt honored in standing uncovered before the modest, unassuming American, the former wood chopper and country clerk. To-day his .statue honors the Capitol of the greatest nation on earth. ^'erilv, with his life's history before him, no one, at any age, in this country of ours should de,spair of final success. It was my good fortune to see him, when he was known as Captain Graxt, at the State capitol in Illinois, assisting the adjtitant-general of that State in organizing its volunteers for the civil war. and later when he was colonel of the Twenty- first Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, and when he was command- ing the district of Cairo, and at Fort Donel.son and Shiloh; and during the campaigns of Mississippi and \'icksbur,g and his occupancy of the Executive Mansion here in Washington 28 Address of Mr. \\'ar)icr on the I hail tilt honor often to meet and know and be known by him, and he was ever and always the same kind, courteous, lovable gentleman. He voluntarih' did me personal kindnesses when I was a boy subaltern under him, and I loved him and I revere his memory. As a military commander he was patient, firm, earnest, and persistent. In action, under fire, he was quiet and iuipassive, seemingly intent only in working out victory, and utterly djlivious of personal danger. He abhorred unnecessary blood- shed; but thought it more merciful, when the opposing forces were within striking distance, to bring on a decisive battle than to allow his soldiers to be decimated by the di.seases of idle camps; and when his victory was won his conquered opf)oneuts had no truer friend than he. He fought battles, not for the purpose of killing men, biU for the purpose of .saving his country; and when a battle was over he wished to take his enemies to his heart and make them his and his country's friends. I do not believe he ever had an unkind feeling for any man, living or dead, whether he wore the blue or the .gray; and I do believe his great heart went out to all. When General Buckner, at Fort Donel.son, asked that com- missioners might be appointed to consider the question of capit- ulation, General Grant answered that such commissioners were unnecessary, and demanded innnediate and unconditional surrender, adding that he purposed to move immediatelx' upon their works. That was Gr.\nt. the general. General Buck- ner surrendered unconditionally; and that night, after "taps," General Grant found and entered General Buckner' s tent, and taking out his pocketbook, .said; " General Buckner, you are a prisoner and will be sent North. I presume you have no money that is current with us, and I wish to share mine with you." That was Grant, the man. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 29 Again, before the coinmencenieiit of the final campaign of Vickbnrg, he called Sherman and others of his generals about him and informed them that he proposed to put his army across the river, .south of Vicksburg, cut loose from his liase of sujiplies and comnuinications with the North, move into the interior of Mississippi, and then attack \'icksburg from the high ground at its rear. None ajiproved his plan; and Sherman, to put him.self on record, wrote and delivered to Gen- eral Gk.\xt an official letter prote.sting against the proposed operation. General Gk.vnt disregarded the opinions of his generals, the protest of .Sherman, and executed the movement, fought the liattles of Purl Gil)son, Raxinond, Edwards Station, Jackson, Champion Hills, and Black River, and cooped the Confederate army uj) in \'ickshurg. with its capture an abso- lute certainty. That was (^.k.\xt, the general. When tlie suc- cess of the movement was assured, instead of forwarding this letter in the regular way to the Adjutant-General of the Army, the u.sual course, he handed it to Sherman and told him he had better burn it. That was Grant, the man. Again, at \'ickshurg, General Gr.\nt gave General Pember- ton to understand that unless he surrendered his works would be assaulted on the 4th day of July. That was Grant, the general. Pemberton surrendered, and General Grant .set all the gallant Confederate army at liberty and allowed them to go to their homes on their words. That was Gr.-vxt, the man. Down in \'irginia, his order was to fight it out on that line — forward by the left flank. That was Grant, the general. When General Lee surrendered. General Grant, on his own motion, stipulated that the brave men of that army should take with them to their homes, to aid in culti- vating their fields, the animals they had used in trying to destroy him and his army. Further, when President Johnson 30 Address of Mr. Warner on the proposed to arrest General Lee and try him for treason on account of the part he had taken in the rebellion, General Grant notified the President that if he did so he (General Grant) would resign his commission in the Army. That was Grant, the man. La.stly, when through his confidence in his fellow-men he had lost all his property and was dying at Mount McGregor, he awaited an early and certain death without a murmur of complaint, and used his fast-failing vitality in writing his innnortal Memoirs in the hope that their sale might bring his loved ones a little .something after he should be gone. That was the soldier, the husband, the father, and the friend. That was Ulys.ses S. Grant. Is it strange that all in this broad land, North and South, in blue and in gray, love him and join in person or in spirit in the.se services here to-day? They would not be Americans if they did not. His life is a lesson, a hope, an inspiration. Our country is stronger and the world is better and hope is brighter that he lived, and it is fitting and proper that his statue shall forever honor the Capitol of the country he did more than anv other man to save. Accepta7ice of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 31 ADDRESS OF Mr. CUMMINGS, OF NEW YORK. Mr. Speaker, I desire ])articularly to speak of General Grant as a soldier. He was the highest type of a soldier; not such as the genius of Shakespeare has described in his seven ages, but a soldier far more lovaljle and admirable; a soldier who, like Lincoln, his august Conunander in Chief, was carved out of the common clay of the Republic by the fingers of the Almighty to preserve this nation and serve as an object lesson to the world. He was the personification of loj'alty. Truly tempered in the Militarj- Academy of the people, where his illustrious opponent also received his education, he never swerved from his duty when the nation in its dire emergency required his services. It was as a true soldier of the people that he won the esteem and admiration of the world. It depends upon the soldier himself whether he is to be esteemed or admired. He .shows different qualities at different times and under different circum- ■stances. Cromwell at Xaseby and Cromwell at Drogheda con- trast as the glorious sunrise to Cimmerian darkness. There are no such contrasts in Grant's career. He was a soldier of perfect symmetry in character, judgment, performance, and humanity. It is the cause no less than the temper that makes the true soldier. The inspiration of Grant is found in the cause for which he fought. And the same, strange as it may .seem, may be .said of Lee. Two more knightly spirits never met. On their brows shame was ashamed to sit. Yet they met in the shock of battle, and negotiated from what appeared to be exactly opposite standpoints. It was our times that molded them into different types. Gr.ant had faith in the wholesome 32 Address of Mr. Cummhigs o>i the grandeur of a national growth; Lee in the confederacy of pohti- cal entities. Both l)elieved in popular rule. The divergence came at the application. One was the champion of a cast-off political faith, once dear; the other of a new and gloriou,s dawn in political progress. This made each a patriot from his own ■Standpoint, and with unswerving constancy each held on to "the great argument of arms," as Longstreet puts it, until the verdict was awarded. Grant was a model soldier. At the beginning he had to struggle through thick darkness. It would have daunted a less determined soul. At Belmont he was nearly obscured. It took the glory of Donelson to carry him through the first day's dis- a.ster at Shiloh. His sun reappeared at Vicksburg, and got fairly above the clouds at Chattanooga. He was a great .sol- dier, but he never dreamed he was great. He was not warring for greatness, nor for conquest, nor glory, but for a luiited people on a connnon patrimony. Seated on a log in the Wil- derness, in a common soldier's blouse, loosened and unbut- toned, with a cigar in one hand and a pencil in the other, receiving reports, sending off orders, listening to the giuis, and pressing the desperate game to a final result, but one thought in.spired him — the glory of his countrj' and the happine.ss of a mighty people. As a .soldier he has not yet attained his height. As centtiries wane his figure will assume colossal pro- portions. His statue will be one of the most conspictious on the grand plaza of American history. Standing on the pedestal of national appreciation, .surrounded bj- the figures of Sher- man, Sheridan, Meade, Hooker, Thomas, Hancock, Sedgwick, Logan, McPher.son, and others of his generals, it will exem- plifj' one of the greatest qualifications of a soldier — a true appreciation of his chieftains and of their abilities on the battlefield. .■{arplaiicc ol the S!alr(e of Cnncral (Jlysses S. Grant. 33 Grant more than fills the popular conception of a soldier. It was reserved for him to make the glory of A])])omattox a common victory. He knew the war was closed, and he deter- mined to make the trinir.])!! of his arms a victorx' for the whole peo])le. He showed no taint of animosit\'. His action was a revelation to the nation, a surprisini; revelation to Lee and the South. Wlien the two heroes met, ff)r.>jetful of the wearisome strujjgle, Grant fell into conversation with Lee as with an older brother in arms. Memories of battles far awa>-. where both had foujifht under the same flag, engrossed him. Lee, remembering his starving soldiers, twice reminded him of the occasion that called them together. With ready pen Gk.\nt then wrote out the terms of surrender. In them there was no suggestion of humiliation. They climaxed his glory as a patriot and soldier. They nuisl have convinced his chivalrous opponent that he had not fallen into the h.ands of an enemy, but into the arms of 1 brotlier. Rations were issued to the starving Confederates. All their jiriv'ate propertx' was allowed them, including their horses, which (jR.\nt said they would need in planting crops to repair the destittuion caused by the war. He even forbade a salute in honor of the victory. Th.e generous and unexpected terms were gladly accepted, and ene- mies of an hour agone mingled together as friends. The war was indeed over. Gk.\nt at Ai)])oinattox began the healing process that restored the Union and revivified the cau.se of lib- erty throughout the \V(irlut the nature of the strife, he exclaimed most Ijeseechingly: "Let lis have peace." Magnanimity is the highest virtue of a .soldier — that sort of magnanimity that when an adversary- confesses himself over- thrown brings the victor to his side with every healing remedy that brotherhood can suggest, and, putting aside the cause of quarrel, invites him to a common fellowship and a common patrimony. This did Grant. It was the crowning achievement of the war. The Union was not only preserved, but was cemented in the bonds of universal brotherhood. Sectional lines were washed away, and the nation to-day, one and indivisible, towers sublime anion? the realms of the earth. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 35 ADDRESS OF MR. BERRY, OF KENTUCKY. Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Library has requested me to participate in this particular interesting occasion, dedicating the statue of the dead warrior. General Grant, whose heroic deeds are part of our country's history and will live while the Repub- lic lives or its annals are perused by coming generations. The beautiful work is the gift of the soldierj- upon whose valor the reputation of commanding officers are built. A generation has come and gone .since the close of the civil war. The number left who participated in its desperate encounters are rapidly becoming less and less. The remnant is slowly but surely tot- tering down the hill of life, and will soon, in the cour.se of nature, "sleep together at its base." Being among the num- ber of those who followed the furled flag of "the lo.st cau.se" is the reason, no doubt, for my taking part in this ceremony. The command to which I was attached surrendered to General Custer on the 6th day of April, 1865, just three days before the cartel between Generals Lee and Gr.\n'T was signed at Appo- mattox. I was pardoned by President John.son and admitted again to citizenship. There was a period when we did not all keep step tt> the music of the Union, when two flags were given to the breezes of our countrj', precipitating the most bloody and stupendous conflict of modern times. The Confederate has been furled forever — not in dishonor. May the other never cease to wa\-e, the emblem of a united and inseparable country. As we recur to that struggle two great strategists and masters of war naturally suggest themselves — General Gr.\nt and Gen- eral Lee, graduates of West Point. Indeed, the men who 36 Address of Mr. Berry on the accomplished most that was of real service in the civil war on either side received their training at the National Military Academy. What an arijument is this in a country like ours, where there is a fixed antipathy to a large standing army, that such an institution should be liberally supported and broadened in its sphere that we may always have such men to organize and lead our armies when necessity arises. Those were eventful days and years between the firing upon Fort Sumter and the final surrender of the Confederate army at Appomatto.x. A continui)us battle, regardless of sea.sons; armies either in conflict or maneuvering for po.sition. The bravest and liest blood of the country was freely poured out for the vincHcation of the cause wliich the respective com- batants espoused. The pages of our history are l)la/.oned with the heroic deeds of fellow-countrymen who met in that fearful fratricidal con- flict. When peace came, two veteran armies returned to their homes to re.sume again the arts of peace. The vSouthern men went back to de.solate fire.sides and disorganized State govern- ments and applied themselves to building up the waste places. Its cost in life and treasure was something terrible to con- template, but it had its good results. It taught the North and the .South mutual respect, and demonstrated that there were no geographical lines bounding the bravery and patriotism of this countr\-, but that the Auglo-vSaxon of the Missis.sippi Valley and of the mountains of New Hampshire were alike courageous. Every year brings us in closer sympathy by the increasing bonds of blood and connnerce. Iron bands tie the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans, the Lakes, and the CjuU" together, with one flag triumphantly waving over e\'erv foot of our broad d.or.iain. Acceptance of Ihe Statue of Gcnernl Ulysses S. Ciiant. 37 Never since Revolutioiiar)' days was there less of sectional feeling and the people more united than just now. If tliere had existed a doulit before 1898, it was finalh- and fore\-er removed when the men of the Cotton States touched elbows with the men of New ICngland in the charge at San Juan Hill fighting beneath the folds of the star-spangled banner. The blue and the ,t;ruy In fierce array No local hates dissever. Strike hands once more l-roni shore to shore — The North and South forever. Yankee Doodle and the Southern battle song Dixey are the property of one united glorious country. Dixey was among the assets at Appomattox. They were both played with the army in Cuba, and heard from the decks of our ironclads that destroyed Cervera's fleet and at Manila on May i, 1898. Spanish journals predicted a renewal of strife between the North and South when war was threatened with Spain. How little they knew of the temper of our people. Each .section was \'ying with the other as to who should be first at the front and in the post of danger. The contest was brief and sharj). Its results have been beneficial to our country, stimulating the patriotism of our people and demonstrating to the world that our military prowess is equal to any demand that can be made upon it. W'e have b}' reason thereof assumed a new position among the powers of the earth, and new and unexpected respon.si- bilities have been thru.st upon us as a nation. We have .some complicated propositions to iniravel, but I have no doubt we will be equal to the occasion and carry the blessings of liberty to the Tropics. The institution of slaver\- gt)Ue. there is no i.ssue left that 38 .Address of Mr. Berry on the could divnde us on geographical lines. We can face the future with confidence — a thoroughly united people. No nuire the thirsty Erj-nis of this soil Shall daub her lips with her own children's blood; No more shall trenching war channel her fields Or bruise her flowerets with the armed troops Of hostile paces : Those opposed eyes Which, like the meteors of a troubled heaven, All of one nature, of one substance bred, Did lately meet in the intestine shock And furious close of civil butchery. Shall now in mutual, well-beseeming ranks, JIarch all one way and be no more opposed Against acquaintance, kindred, and allies. An attempt in the.se halls to revive the animosities of the civil war are greeted with jeers and hisses. The President, in this -same spirit of reconciliation, has recommended the care of the graves of these who wore the gray. And why not? They gave the best evidence man can give of his devotion to principle in baring their breasts to the storm of battle. Some years after the war had clo.sed, and it was concluded that the graves of all soldiers. Union and Confederate, should be remembered on Decoration Day, a Union soldier, who was in the desperate fight at Chancellor.sville and saw the boys in blue and gray with their bayonets crossed in death, wrote these lines : On the moss-covered dell. Side by side, as they fell, We have tenderly laid them at rest. Who shall tell us to-day Which is blue, which is K''''>"' From the sods- that lie cold on their breast? Bloom the roses as red On their moss-covered bed, And the mocking bird carols as free ; Droops the willow as low O'er friend as o'er foe — Sighs the zephyr as soft to the sea. Acceptance of the Statue of (icncral Ulysses S. Grant. 39 Lightly tread on the grave Where were buried the brave — Scatter roses and garlands for all ; As we think how they died, Let us kneel by their side, And remember 'tis heroes who fall. Were they right, were they WTong, "Tis to God they belong, "I'is His to reject or receive ; Ours to honor the clay Of the blue and the gray; Doublv ours to forget and forgive. And now conies tlie .State of Maryland with an invitation to the dedication of a monnnient on tlie bloody field of Antietani to the Union and Confederate soldier. Who will question that we are a united ])eople? Let us, as we gather al)out this .statue, resolve to devote ourselves to the arts of peace and triinnph there. In peace- ful competition conquer the markets of the world. The busy manufactories of the Kast are finding new demands for their multifarious products. The iron and steel indu.stries of the United States are dictating prices everywhere. We build bridges for Africa, send railroad iron and supplies to Russia, locomotives to Great Britain. The iron of Alabama finds sale in the Mediterranean. England can supply herself with coal at Mobile cheaper than she can mine it at home. We will not only feed the world from our granaries, but supply it with fuel. The agricultural .South is building up manufacto- ries for her great staple. The delusion that only slave labor could produce cotton has been dis.sipated with 11,000,000 bales as the crop of last year. The triumphant commercial march of our country iri the last few years is a matter of just pride to every patriotic American. The financial conditition of our country was never better. Our imports for the fiscal year were eight hundred and fifty 40 Adiinss of Mi . Ihrry <>>/ the millions — in excess of all past records; our exports, one billion four hundred millions, givin,:^ the safe balance (.)f five hundred and fifty millions. Such figures guarantee wealth and pros- perity to our country and startle the foreign world, who are ever seeking new markets. Our receipts are six millions a month beyond our requirements. What keen plea.sure would it give to him whose statue we dedicate here to-da>' to look upon his beloved country in its present condition. The name of Grant will stand out in the annals of history as one of the great military geniu.ses of the closing century. The canrpaigns of Gr.\nt and Lee along the waters of the James and the Rappahannock will be the theme of students in the art of war for all time. Ma>' I be excused just here for .saying one word for the modest soldier, General Lee, wlio resisted the Federal Army with such consinnmate .skill; who. when he realized that it would be murder to keep up the struggle, surrendered his tattered and emaciated army and accepted the final arbitra- ment of the sword? None recognized more than the ]ieople of the South the chivalrous character of General Gr.\nt. His refusal to take Lee's sword; his ordering his wagon train to bring 25,000 rations to his men, in whose haver.sacks he had found only a few grains of parched corn; his directing that the captured arm\- retain their horses, saying, "They will need them on their farms," all evidence his magnanimity. His .sincerity is manifested when, in his final report to Sec- retary Stanton, he said, "Let them hope for perpetual peace and harmony with that enemy who.se manhood, however mistaken the cau.se, drew forth such heroic deeds of valor." Every Southern .soldier should and does respect the man who uttered such sentiments to vanquished foes. He was the embodiment of grim-visaged war while the fight progres.sed, /IriYp/aiice of tlic S/afiic of Gciicial Ulvsscs S. (irant. 41 hut he was hninane and magnanimous when the enemy sur- rendered. Xime knew this Ijetter tlian General Lee. His example will he an inspiration to the manhood of America. Truh niiijht we apply to him the lanjcnage of the poet: Were a star quenched on hii;h. For ages would its hglit. Still wanderiiii; downward thro\it;h the sky, Heani on our mortal sight. So when a great man dies. For years beyond our ken The light he leaves behind him shines fpon the i)aths of men. \'isitors tair an apparent neglect, and without a dis.sentiiig vote has appropriated $10,000 to .secure a design that shall express in a fitting way their veneration for one of their greatest .sons. Could he look upon the scene here to-day and know that the men he so gallantly led are showing their gratitude and apprecia- tion of his services, it certainly would repay him for e\-ery .sacrifice he made for the cotnitry he so dexotedly loved. 42 Address of Mr. Grosvetior on the ADDRESS OF Mr. GROSVENOR, OF OHIO. Mr. Speaker, time as it rolls along fills up and makes per- manent reputations, breaks down and destroys reputations. In no walk of life, I presume, does time effect greater changes than in the career and history of the soldier. I shall speak but a very few minutes, and, of course, shall not go over the historical data pertaining to the history and career of this magnificent American. But I want to .speak along a line of thought incident, first, to the period of the activity of Grant, and then to the period in which we are now living, and see how much of the present we owe to what he did in the past. He was born in an humble cabin, in an humble district of Ohio, in the Congressional district now represented by my friend from Ohio [Mr. Brown] , and was sent by the kindness of a member of Congress to the Military Academy. He did not go there under a competitive examination. He went there at the suggestion and upon the .selection of a member of Congress — a politician. There has not been a man who has arrived at greatness in either the Army or the Navy of the United States who did not get his start in ju.st that way. He did not develop greatness, as I have read the record, either at the Military Academy or during his service as a soldier prior to the war of the rebellion, and he made a very slow .start in the beginning of the war. Going out as colonel of an Illinois regiment, he very .shortly became a brigadier-general. But the stars of that period of the civil war were not very hard to obtain, provided always the applicant or the recipient was capable of drilling a regiment or even a company. So little was known of militarv tactics among the volunteer Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 43 troops of the North that he who could come possessed of ability enough to set a regiment in its proper position in the field was almost sure of early promotion; and it was that sort of promotion that Grant got. His earliest and warm- est champions would not say that, beyond his practical knowledge which he had learned in the Army and at West Point, he had shown any qualities that would have singled hiin out from any of the other colonels of the splendid body of men who commanded the Illinois troops in the volunteer ser\'ice. He had the good fortune to be pointed at early by the envy and jealousy of others. He had the good fortune to l)e con- demned bitterly at the very outset of his great career. The criticisms that were heaped upon him in his campaign along the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers were significant of the jealousies and heartburnings and ambitions of that period of time. But out of it there came the first indications of his greatness of character as a soldier. I do not know that I should at this time undertake to describe with accuracy what it was in particular that indi- cated itself then, unless it was his determination to kee]i out of quarrels and controversies and to go steadily and straightforwardly upon the persistent pathway that he liad selected in those campaigns. It is perfectly fair in making history to say that he was suirounded and environed by hostile criticism from the Headquarters of the Army, that turned out to be not only unjust at the time' and for the conditions then existing, but which became contemptible and in.significant in the light of that which followed. The campaign up those rivers was a campaign of wonder- ful import. Those wh(j remember the effect that the campaign of Grant at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson had upon the great army of the Confederacy that had wintered 44 Addirss of Mi . (irosvoior on the at Pii)\vlin;4 Green and Nashville and through that intericir section of the South will remember very well ttie effect that Shiloli had upon tlie entire movement of that "reat arnn-. His ideas of strategy, that were scarceh" put in writing, hut were worked out with the same tenacity of purpose that was afterwards exhibited in the Wilderness, were manifest at that time and have stood the fire of criticism ever since. I shall not follow him through his career. I .speak only of his growth and development at the beginning. I shall not discu.ss his strategy at Chattanooga, when he came to take command of the armies of the West after the undeci.sive battle of Chickamauga. He found the United States troops at Chattanooga practically cut off from supplies — almost in a condition of starvation. Let me say, Mr. Speaker, that he found more suffering in the I'liion Arnn- at Chattanooga for want of medical, hospital, quartermaster, and connni.ssarv stores than all the 250,000 men who .served in the Sjianish war had to endure from the firing of the first gun down to the surrender of Spain and the treaty of Paris. He found more men sick and dying than were sick and dying in the whole Army of the laiited vStates that conquered Spain. He took hold of that army. This is not the time to di.scu.ss the men who were his a.ssistants. Gk.\nt never had an a.ssi.stant in the popular acceptation of tliat term. The jjlans of that army were his plans. The troops west of the mountains and .south- west were moved and brought together and concentrated upon his own plan and b\- his own orders. He had just achieved di.senthrallment from the War Department. He had just .gotten rid of the baneful influence of some of the inheritances that the old army had cast upon the new army. I do not desire, as I said, to ffjllow the details of this cam- paign. I wish to point out this fact: Thirty-five years have Afccptaiicc of the Statue of (iencial Ulysses. S. (Jrant. 45 passed over our heads since (iKAXT achievething like the character of Gr.^xt as a great soldier. He has been criticised .somewhat b\' one of the great generals of Europe, great in the amount of jiay that he draws, great in the high rank that he holds, great in the splendid decorations that he has; but I ask my countrymen here to-day, when we are considering something of (■.k.\nt in the li.ght of thirty-five years, whether we may not with a pride that is enjoyable con- trast the career of Gr.\xt, all his mistakes, if he ever made any; stud\- his tactics, study all that he ever did as a soldier — and he was the great soldier anil center of our ojjerations — c(3mpare them, with the most critical eye, with the Ijest thing that has been done by the Briti.sh army in its great campaign a.gainst the Boers, and tell me whether (tK.\nt does not .shine like a meteor. General Grant never sent an unequipped and unprepared army into a .strange country — strange in its topography, strange in its water courses, strange in all that relates to the physical 46 Address of Mr. Grosvenot on the conditions of the countn' — and divided his army up into three columns and sent them off into different directions to unsupport- ing distances and allowed them to be whipped in detail. It is an eas}' thing to overpower an enemy when j-ou have five to one and are fighting with ever)' advantage in your favor, and strat- egy counts but little where brute force is in such discrepancy. I think the strategy of Grant that centered in the Wilder- ness and in front of Richmond the magnificent organization of the Army of the Potomac will live as an exemplar of military strategy and perfection long after Wolseley, his critic, long after Wolseley, the man who had depreciated him, long after Wolseley, the hero of Tel el Kebir, in Egypt, and the planner of the strategj' of South Africa, will have been rele- gated to his proper position among the great generals of the world. So much for Gr.\nt as a soldier. He was a great soldier. He was great in detail and great in aggregation. He was great in his knowledge of the position of a soldier and great in his knowledge of the position of armies. Grant had the advantage of the Southern Confederacy in point of numbers and in point of the ability of his Govern- ment to furnish him munitions of war. The time is coming when we will more frankly discu.ss this question than has been proper in the days that have gone by. The time is coming when we shall feel less inclined to take offense or to fear friction and criticism when we discuss more frankly the real relative positions of the two great armies that confronted each other. Brieflj-, the Northern army had more men, more money, a seacoast, a l)etter navy. Other suggestions might be made. So much for the Northern army. The Southern army had an advantage which, in my judgment, was as great or greater than all these aggregated. Acceptance of the Statue of Getieral Ulysses S. Grant. 47 The Southern army foug:ht upon interior Hnes. The}- fought upon their chosen ground. They fought upon the ground of which they had full knowledge, and without that in their favor the disparity of numbers would have made it impossible that even the Americans of the South, the splendid soldiers of those armies, imbued by patriotism as they understood it, by false patriotism as we understood it, with all their glorious chivalry and devotion to their cause, could ever have main- tained themselves for four bloody years as they did. So much for the fighting part of it. Gkant was a good jwlitician, a good .statesman; and I am going to point out very briefly a point in his career that I think it is well for us to consider now. Gk.wt was in favor of giving everybody a fair chance. There was a great deal of argument on his conduct alx)ut the horses. And is it not won- derful now that some members of this Hou.se who can go back and remem1)er the bitterness with which we closed that war and came out of it have lived to vote to ratif\- Gkaxt'.s generosity to the Southern soldier by passing in the Hou.se of Representa- tives a bill to pay some of those straggling soldiers for some of those straggling horses that Grant advi.sed them to take home — the .soldiers so straggling that I am afraid they are all dead, and the horses .so straggling that we may never get an estimate of their value: and yet, lest we should not do our duty by the great commander's beneficent suggestion, we are willing to send our Departments out and hunt up the widows and chil- dren and next of kin and legal representatives of these men and paj' them for horses when we do not know exactly what their original title was. Grant proposed that the Southern people should start out without any load upon them. They were to start even: they were to start undisfranchised. They were to vote, they were 4'-i .-h/ih'iss of Mr. Ciroavcnor on the to l)econie inemliL'rs of a j^reat l)(i(l\' politic, and tliey were to work out their salvation not as enemies of this country, but as friends. And no man did more to la\' the foundation upon wliidi equal rights have been extended to the vSoutli than did that grim soldier. Grant. Now, the thought that comes to me is this: In a free govern- ment all must participate. In a government where all are taxed, all are compelled to obey the law, everybody nuist stand upon an equality of political rights or there will be destruction and overthrow of the body politic. The activity of enemies is far more potential to injure a republic than the activity of friends to uphold and supjiort it. vSo it is incon.sistent with the very idea of a free government that there shall be within that government a body of men who by rea.son of .some distinction shall be in an inferior political relation to the govennuent than the other cla.ss of the ])eople. You can have all friends of a government and it will live; but you can not maintain a free government half friends and half enemies. And so if General Gr.\xt were alive to-day and could speak from his magnificent resting place in New York, in ray judgment — and I say it in all kindness and only as a sug- gestion, reviewing in the mind's eye only the things which he did and said to the people of the .South, and the potentiality of his plans in that direction — he would .say to the people of the vSonth, " Be careful how you enter upon the making of a condi- tion that, shall place in the census returns of the eleven vSouthern States a registered Ixxly ears, and during the whole of that period of time no successful rival of Gr.^nt has appeared anywhere upon the stage of the world's activity: and to-day we do ourselves honor when we come here, speaking in our representative capacity, speaking for the comrades of the dead chieftain, speaking for the loved ones who followed his career while their loved ones were expo.sed to war and evil — when we come in all these capacities to testify our lo\-e for Gr.-vnt, our pride in memory of him, our affection and love for that which he accomplished, and to renew upon this .same shrine our fidelity and fealty to the countr>- which he saved from ruin, and come to point the eyes of all the world to this truest and best type of an American citizen. S. Doc. 451 4 JO Address of Mr. Linncy on the ADDRESS OF MR, LlNNEY, OF NORTH CAROLINA. Mr. Speaker, without the memories and graves of the world we would indeed be poor. Grant's recorded thoughts will refresh and strengthen those w'ho search for wisdom, knowl- edge, and understanding for centuries to come. If nothing were in existence except one war paper which he wrote without five minutes' thought at Appomattox, he would take rank among the world's greatest thinkers. That article has only live periods: .\ppoM.\TTOx CouRT-HousE, April 9, iS6s. Gkner.\i,: In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th instant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may des- io-nate; the officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander to sign a like parole for the men of their command. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked and stacked and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side arms of the officers nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer or man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they ma^- reside. U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-General . General R. E. LEE. General Grant possessed the rare mental excellence of expressing himself with technical accuracy in the fewest words po.s.sible. Not a word can be taken from this great war paper without marring its beauty and perfection. If I were to attempt an analysis of his intellectual being, I should say he had two eyes and but one tongue. He saw much and expressed it tersely. It is a common infirmity of orators Acceptance of iJu Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 51 to possess two tongues and one eye. They talk about matters which their mind's e\e has never penetrated. Graxt was even greater with the sword than with the pen. While possessing a combination of the greatest moral and intellectual qualities, that made him a great President, his fame as one of the very greatest leaders of armies entitles him to rank as the world's greatest hero, except possibly our own beloved Washington. Being one of the vanquished in the great war in which General Grant was the greatest character, I approach the discussion of his great qualities with some embarras-sment. It rarely happens that the vanquished can find it in their hearts to think well of the victors. When armed cohorts march at the drumbeat with flying colors and join in deadly conflict on the field of carnage, the shouts of \'ictory by the conquering army are not relished by the vanquished. The superb judgment, courage, and magnanimity of Grant, the tlu^ee excellencies that make up great character, will ever command the respyect of the true Southern hero. Gk.\nt was great in performance without pretension. At the breaking out of the war between the States Grant wrote to the Secretan.- of War: "I think I am capable of commanding a regiment." This letter was never answered. Gr-ANT's mod- esty was such that his capacity was hidden from the gaze of the world for a great while His statement as to how he felt upon the first advance upon the enemy pro\-es his candor and loyalty to truth. Few warriors ever admit that they fear any- thing. Mv heart kept getting higher and higher until it felt to me as though it was in my throat: when I foand that the enemy had retreated, my heart resumed its place. From that time to the end I never experienced trepi- dation upon confronting an enemy, though I always felt more or less anxietv. 52 Address of Mr. Liniicy on the Grant was then 41 years of age. Within three years a bill renewing the grade of Lieutenant-General was passed by Con- gress and Grant was made Lieutenant-General and com- manded an army of 700,000 men on the field. With this innnense force he planned two campaigns to be simultane- ously directed against the most vital points of the Confed- eracy. Meade was marching against Richmond, Sherman against Atlanta. In the short period from his confirmation by the Senate to the surrender at Appomattox, thousands of the heroes whom Grant commanded had perished, and Grant stood in the presence of General Lee, whose army he had subdued, as great in sympathy for the fallen as he had been courageous in battle. Mr. Speaker, in the human heart it.self is hidden the .secret fountain which refreshes or saddens its sweet or bitter waters. Courage, knowledge, and the broadest philanthropy" combined to make Grant one of the world's greatest characters. A bright day with Grant "brought forth no adder." Honor crowned him in the popular heart "without putting a sting in him." His affection for mankind "held equal sway with his reason." When he reached the highest round in the ladder of fame, he scorned no agency by which he did ascend. No, my countrymen, at no stage of Grant's official life did he di,sre- gard the obligation that rested upon him before high Heaven "to love his friends." Thank God that in the mid.st of the highest official honors this Republic can boast of one Chief. Executive who never forgot or neglected a friend. A great general can not be properly judged without knowing nuich of the foe whom he has vanqui-shed. Upon the jirinciple of contrast and comparison we measure with technical accuracy the greatness of the military hero. Napoleon and Wellington, Washington and Cornwallis, Grant and Lee, will ever appear Acceptance of the Slo/i/c of Cicncral Ulysses S. Grant. 53 in the popular mind in some way associated. Neither of the three greatest warriors could be properly judged without the knowledge of the true character and strength of the foe van- quished. Cieneral Lee was the almost idolized hero of the dashing, gallant .sons of the South, as General Gk.vnt was the darling of the steady, courageous soldiers of the North. It was left to the lamented Blaine to delineate in perfect truth the character of the men of the South. Their domestic relations imparted manners that were haughty and sometimes offensive: they were Cjuick to affront, and they not infrequently brought needless personal di.sputation into the discu.ssion of public questions; but the>' were alnio.si without exce])tion men of the highest integrity and courage. These great warriors and soldiers of the South underrated the courage and jiower of the North. Yes, Mr. Speaker, we said to the jieople of the North, What will you be when emasculated b\- the withdrawal of fifteen States and warred upon by them with active and inveterate hostility? The courageous men of the South hurled this state- ment into the ears of the North with the utmost candor and .sincerity. Every sea will swarm with our pri\-ateers, the vol- initeer militia of the ocean. We belie\'ed the Confederacy' was right. Thus the motive actuating the men of the South and their hopes of success which made them a dreaded foe against any human power on the earth appears. .Six hundred thou- sand such men led by Generals Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jack- .son, and James Longstreet constituted a military force probably as formidable to resist inva.sion as any that the world's history has ever known. The .subjugation of so powerful an army and so courageous a people by any military organization that could be brought upon tlie field of liattle, and whose movements conld be directed bv an\- one commander, entitles Gk.^xt to 54 Address of Mr. Linncy on the rank with Julius Csesar, Hannibal, Xapoleon Bonaparte, or our own beloved Washington. The moral courage displayed by General Gra.nt in the very moment of victory touching his deahngs with the vanquished was almost godlike. Jugurtha, a Xumidian king, appeared before the great city of the world and hurled this remarkable exclamation against it: Behold a citv for sale if she could but find a purchaser. This insult being resented, armies were organized, but Jugur- tha surprised and cut them to pieces. Finally Marius, whom Mr. Froude calls the gnarled and knotted oak, with an immense army, met Jugurtha, defeated him in battle, made slaves of his soldiers, and put him behind iron prison bars, where he starved to death. The flashing intellect of Sallust has made the his- torical pages of the Jugurthine war glitter as with diamond splendor, yet the greatest character of the vanquished in that great war starved to death in an iron prison, as the proper exercise of the rights of a conqueror over the vanquished. Re.gulus, whom General Lee resembles very nnicli. after he had defeated a Carthagenian fleet of 350 sails under Hamilcar and repulsed three Carthagenian generals in three great battles in the mountains, as Lee did before the battle of Appomattox, said to the Carthagenians who sued for peace: Ycm who are jjood for anything .should either conquer or submit to your betters. But a short while thereafter the strong, lion-hearted Reg- ulus, being overcome in battle by the Carthagenians, suffered death at the hands of the victorious Carthagenians by being placed in a barrel which was afterwards perforated with sharp iron bars, and the luihappy, vanquished Regulus hurled over a precipice in this condition, and thus he perished. My Southern Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 55 comrades in arms, our ideal military leader, General Robert' Edward Lee, the worshiped hero of the strong men of the vSoutli, inflicted heavier and deadlier blows upon our strong adversary than hotli Jugurtha and Regulus were capable of doing, and he stood, as chief of the vanquished, in the presence of the victorious conqueror. General Ulvssks .S. Grant, as free from insult or violence or humiliation of any sort as the great mind of tlie matchless hero of American armies was free from any disposition to exercise arl)itrar\' ])ower even against a fallen foe. The honor which this hour of victory bestowed upon Grant would ha\'e excited the vanit>' of almost any other human being in the uni\-erse. Grant had listenetl to the death rattle of more than a hundred thousand of the brave soldiers whose deeds of daring had made his name innnortal and saved this nation of the free from disintegration and death. The earth was then drinking the warm blood of the dead and dying heroes who followed him and the cause he represented with a loyalty never surpassed in the great performances of the human family. As the heart of Gr.\nt filed in indescribable sympathy and anguish for the loss of these heroes, no doubt his great soul felt resentment toward the vanquished. Poor, frail humanity, even with the great Gr.vxt, could not claim exemption from this weakness, if weakness it l;>e: but Gr.vnt ro.se above this influence, potential as it was in this greatest hour of his life, and by an act of sovereign virtue enthroned him.self in the hearts of every vanquished Southern .soldier worth}' and able to bear a helmet. The sweep and range of his intellect and the dominion of his con.science took notice of everything that would claim the attention of man, to say nothing of the world's matchless, conquering hero. As the windows of his soul rested upon the pallid faces, 56 Adr/rcfis of Mr. LInncy on the tattered garments, and lileeding feet of the surviving warriors, 'sons of the Sonth, Grant uttered these expressions: Let them take their horses home with them; they will need them to bring on their spring crops. When the surrender of Lee came, Grant said: I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and so valiantly, and had suffered so much for a cause for which there was the least excuse. When Grant heard from General Lee, at the time of the surrender, tliat the .Southern army liad been hviiig on parched corn for .some days, he invited General Lee to .send his quarter- master to the Federal commissary for 25,000 rations for the 25,000 survivors of the Confederate arnn-. When the news of the surrender of General Lee became known, the United States Arniv Ije.gan to make ])reparations for the firing of a salute of a lunulred guns in honor of the victory. General Grant directed it to be stopped, .saying, "The Confederates are now our pris- oners, and we do not want to exult over their downfall." Under the conditions stated, these expre.ssions estal)lished forever the claims of tlie admirers of the great warrii:)r that in judgment, courage, and philanthropy Grant stands single and alone, without an equal in the universe. No wonder that as a legitimate result of the treatment liy General Gk.vnt of General Lee at Appomattox .so many of the sin-vi\-ors (.)f that great national tragedy have seen the nation's heart swell and laugh at the march of Shafter at Santiago, a Northern hero, and Joe Wheeler, a battle-scarred son of the South, at elbow touch in the defense of the honor of otu' common country the world's best hope. 'Tis ended; Grant's radiaut course is run. For Gr.'^nT's course was bright. His ooul is like the glorious sun — A matchless, heavenly light ! Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 57 ADDRESS OF MR. GARDNER, OF MICHIGAN. Mr. .S]ieaker, the American civil war from 1S61 to 1865 is the most jiromineiit event of tlie nineteenth century. While tragic interest in the great drama it.self may at first attract, the important questions settled will longest hold the attention of the intelligent oliserver. From the formative period of our Government there were two recognized difficulties, each por- tentous of e\il, the ])eaceful and permanent solution of which baffled the skill of the wisest statesmen our country has pro- duced. One of these gave origin to the motive, the other justification to the act, which in later years well-nigh disrupted the Republic. Under the Constitution the doctrine of supremacy, repre- sented in the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the United States, as against the reserved rights and sover- eignty of the individual States composing the Union, early gave ri.se to two schools of statesmen and to two great and varying i.ssues, far-reaching in their consequences. Washing- ton had not yet descended to his grave when men whose patri- otic services in a common cause render luminous the pages of our countrv's earlier history ranged themseh'es on the one side or the other of a controversy which, taken up by their succes- sors, was waged for more than sixty years, always with spirit and often with acrimony, evolving successively from the earlier tenet of reserved rights the principle of .State rights. State .sov- ereignty, nunification, and armed rebellion. While it is true that it remained for one portion of our coun- try rather than another to sectionalize and unify sentiment, to ripen nullification into secession and secession into a hostile 58 .-It/dn'ss of Mr. Gardner on the attempt to destroy the Govenmieiit, it is equally true that prior to iSfii the principle of luillification, so perilous to national unity and national supremacy, had its advocates north as well as south of Mason and Dixon's line. Federal enact- ments and Federal decrees had been repeatedly set at defiance in both sections of the country. Such seemed the inevitable drift of events that there were not wanting those in the North or South, at home or abroad, who confidently predicted an early dis.solution of the Republic and a consequent failure of self-government on the American continent. The shot that echoed across the waters of Charleston Harbor on that eventful April morning in 1861 tran.sferred the conflict, which had waged successively about the standards of Hamilton and Jefferson, of Webster and Calhoun, of Lincoln and Douglas, from the forum of debate to the field of battle. It called to arms vast numbers of brave men, who struggled with consum- mate devotion for the mastery. Sir, I shall not undertake to compare the fighting qualities of the Federal and Confederate armies. It is enough for either to say that the military glory of the one is but the reflected valor of the other, and that both were, are now, and ever will be Americans. I shall not undertake to compare the military merits of Gr.\xT with those of the acknowledged leaders on either .side further than to saj' that he .succeeded where other Union gen- erals failed, and that the great chieftain, Vjefore whose well- directed blows every other Federal conunander recoiled, came to Grant asking for terms of capitulation. I prefer, rather, to direct the attention of the House to some of the abiding results of that war in which, from the beginning to the end, the mili- tary genius of Gr.\nt shone with a steady and increasing .splen- dor, results which best serve to crown his fame and perpetuate his name as the greatest of American commanders of men. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 59 I trust I will not be misunderstood, now that the passions of the hour have cooled and the stirring events of a generation ago have passed into history when I saj- that, while depre- cating war, when the Go\-ernnient was assailed there was for loyal men no honorable alternati\'e but to accept the issue. To ha\-e done otherwise would ha\-e proved us unworthy of our heritage. It would have invited rather than averted war as a consequence of future inevitable divisions and subdivisions of territory. It woidd have placed side by side, with no natural barriers inter\-ening, two governments representative of two irreconcilable civilizations — the corner stone of the one, freedom; of the other, slavery. A cowardly assent to a dismemberment of the l'nit)n without a heroic and determined effort to preserve it would have visited upon us the just contempt of the civilized world. It would have made the republican forn; of government a byword and a reproach among the nations of the earth. But inseparable from the defense of the Government was the .settle- ment of certain great fundamental <;[Uestions the constant agitation of which was a perpetual menace to the Union. In the arena of debate discussion of these (piestions had been exhausted, and now in the appeal to arms they were present for final adjustment. The war determined beyond controversy that in the United States of America the Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the land and that the primary allegiance of ever)- citizen of the Republic is to the General rather than to the State government. The war eliminated nullification as a factor in American politics by causing the Federal Supreme Court to be conceded the ultimate authority in the construction of law, and that the law as so construed nuist be respected and obeyed by all alike until changed Ijv constitutional and not bv revolutionarv 6o Address of Mr. Gardner on the methods. The war settled forever the question of State sov- ereignty by declaring that in the relations existing between the National and State gov-ernments the latter are integral but subordinate parts of the former. The war put a permanent and unqualified prohibition upon the right of a State to secede from the I'nion : and never again, if a .State .should attempt to .secede, \vill any Chief Executive he.sitate as to his cour.se of duty nor question the authority of the General Government to coerce tuitil such rebellious member resumes its normal relations. When the war closed we were a nation, a Union of States, one and inseparable. Each and every one of these propositions, now irrevocably settled, was an open question when Grant first buckled on his sword at Galena, kissed his wife and children, and went forth to battle for his country and, as he was destined, to win imperishable renown. I shall not dwell on the moral issue involved in that war. It is sufficient to .say of it that when the flag of our country has l)een furled for the la.st time and laid away in the archives of nations dead — and may that day be distant a thousand years and more I — every intelligent child on the jilanet will know that in a great war during the nineteenth century of the Christian era, in a country known as the United States of America, a race of God-created, God-endowed beings were liberated from 1)ondage, and that while the battle for freedom raged the hands of .\braham Lincoln were stayed up bv tho.se of Ulysses S. Grant. On this day, when the North and the South join in common tribute, if the marl:)le lips of the silent chieftain in yonder hall could but break into speech. I doubt not they would give utterance to feelings of gratitude that the .sentiments of peace and good will between the sections, once the hope of his patriotic heart, are now tlie realization of all his countrvmen. Acceptance of the Statue of Genual Ulysses S. Gratit. 6i If yonder image of the illustrious dead were this day animate with life, the jilacid face would glow with the thought that not onh- in his beloved America, but in Cuba and Porto Rico and far-away Luzon representatives of the Confederate gray and the Federal blue stand side by side beneath a common flag, with their faces set to a common foe, ready to do or die in behalf of a connnon country, while 80,000,000 of Ameri- cans would join in glad acclaim — I'orever float that standard sheet ! Where breathes the foe but falls before us, With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, And Freedom's Ijanner streaming o'er us? 62 Address of Mr. Brosius on the ADDRESS OF Mr Brosius, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, the ceremony of this day affords an occasion for a review of the character and career of Ulysses S. Grant. It may be that the time has not come for history to seal the verdict which shall irrevocably fix his place in the ranks of fame. Yet the judgment of mankind on a general view of the totality of his character and achievements, within the limitations which the time and the sphere of his action impose distinctly, mark him as the colossal figure in the historic web of war's wonderous weaving. As constant as the Northern Star, Of whose true-fi.xed and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament. As yon dwell with me for a brief space upon the charac- teristics and forces with which this marvelous man reared the fabric of his greatness, your patience will be rewarded by the consolatory and instructive reflection that gratitude to public benefactors is the common sentiment of mankind, that the fame of noble men is at once the most enduring and most valuable public possession, and that the contemplation of the heroic dead exerts a salutary and ennobling influence upon the living. It was such an influence that led a young Greek, two thousand years ago, while walking over the fields upon which a Grecian warrior won his victories, to exclaim "The trophies of Miltiades will not let me sleep." So with the contemplation of the great career of our deed hero may come an incantation that will conjure spirits of hi.gh principle and exalted patriotism round about us until, like Hector's .son, we catch heroic fire from the splendid courage, sublime devo- tion, and lofty genius of our illustrious soldier. Acceptance of the Statue of Genei-al Ulysses S. Grant. 63 General Grant presents from every possible point of view an extraordinary career and a singularly unicjue character. In some of his attributes, and not a few of the characteristic exhibitions of his rare powers, he is without a parallel in American history. His acknowledged preeminence in no sen.se aro.se, nor was it in any degree promoted, by the conditions of his life. Neither birth, nor rank, nor fortune aided his advancement. Allowing for the national exigency which presented a field for the e.xerci.se of his powers, his achieve- ments were due entirely to principles, qualities, and forces which summed up a remarkable personality, and in .some respects the most imposing and colossal character of modern times. He posse.ssed an imperious will, sound judgment, stupend- ous endurance, and a courage that never quailed. In deport- ment he was thoughtful, quiet, and unobtrusive, a stranger to ostentation or egotism, simple in his tastes, elevated in sentiment, and benevolent in feeling. He thought with alert- ness, observed with clearness, executed with promptness, and never left off until he was done. He was fertile in expedients, rich in resources, and under every e.xtremity of circumstance held all his best powers in perfect command. He was ready to obey and willing to command, content to execute the orders of others or give them him.self, as his dut_\- required, and his elevated soul never knew the taint of jealousy or envy. He was firm and resolute of purpo.se and a signal example of the highest fidelity to conviction, devotion to duty, and loyalty to conscience and country. As Cicero said of Cfesar, he was generous to his friends, forbearing with his enemies, without e\'il in himself, and reluctant to believe evil in others. Pros- perity never made him arrogant: elevation never turned his head or made him forget the obligations of duty, the claims of 64 Address of Mr. Brosius on the friendship, or the restraints of moral principle. He maintained a high standard of personal character, possessed a vigorous moral sense, and an integrity of heart that kept him a stranger to moral delinquenc\- through the severe strain of adverse cir- cumstances with which a hard fate in his declining years tried the superb metal of his manhood. With such an a.ssemblage of qualities inhering in the man, he grew like an oak, self -developed, into the extraordinary com- bination of working forces which he was able to employ with such signal advantage to his country on the most extended and elevated theater of action that ever called out the might and courage of man or witnessed the splendid achievements of his heroism. There were in his character two forces which made his great- ness pos.sible. One was a sublime and lofty self-trust. He leaned upon no man's arm. He walked erect in every path of exertion he was called to pursue. When in command he assumed the re.sponsibility which accompanied duty, and advanced with firm and stately step, his march centered on his great soul's con.sciousness of rectitude, power, and leadership. The other principle which had a large agency in molding his life was that there is no royal road to eminence; that the best thing a man can do under any circumstances is his duty. If Schiller's poetic soul had put to him the question, "What shall I do to gain eternal life?" his kindred .spirit would have an.swered back in the poet's own glowing words: Thy duty ever Discharge aright the simple duties with Which each day is rife. Yea, with thy might. He dedicated his power with rare singleness and devout self- con.secration to the work before him. The obligation imposed by each day's duty was to him a "thus saith the Lord;" and Acceptance of the Statue of (General Ulysses S. (jrant. 65 his faith in the resuH was haU' the battle. Sherman once said to him: "Your behef in victory I can compare to nothing but the faith of a Christian in his Saviour." Prior to the war there was nothing in Gr.a..\t's career that arrested pubhc attention. He had found no field for the exer- cise of those amazing aptitudes for war which he .so promptly dedicated to his country's .service when the national struggle summoned the genius and patriotism of America to that ulti- mate arena whereon the "wager of battle," by the most unex- ampled heroism and endurance and the most stupendous efforts of martial genius witnessed in modern times, was to solve the problem of our destiny. At an age when Alexander Hamilton had laid the corner .stone of the most s])lendid financial system the world ever .saw, and reached the sunnnit of his fame; an age when Garfield had filled the chair of a college president, worn the glittering stars of a major-general, and occupied a seat in the National Congre.ss; and an age at which Napolecju had vanquished the combined armies of a continent, and was master of Europe, Gr.'VnT was unknown. He had not even discovered himself; was living in safe obscurity, one of forty millions, under the curse of Adam, earning his bread by the sweat of his brow. But within the four corners of his being God had lodged endowments of the rarest kind, forces which needed but the open air of opportunity and the solar energy of a majestic cause to hnrr\' them on to l)loom and fruitage. He was not a soldier from taste. His education at West Point was accepted rather than sought. His appointment to the Military Academy was an accident. When Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 men. Grant responded. A public meeting was held in his town, over which he presided. By prompting and with a stammering tongue he was able to state the object S. Doc. 451 5 66 Address of Mr. Drosins on the of the meeting. This was his first great day. It made possible his future career of usefuhiess and glory. He tendered his services to his country through the Adjutant-General of the Army. The letter was never an.swered — not even filed — and after the war was rescued from the rubbish of the War Department. Later, however, he was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Regiment. In a short time, through the recommendation of the Illinois delegation in Congress, he was commissioned a brigadier-general. His career now connnenced. Said one of his eulogists: "He had gained a place to stand, and from it he moved the world."' The war opened to him the gates of his opportunity. It did not make him, but it enabled him to make himself. It was the fireproof that tested the metal of the man. In the reproof of chance Lies the true proof of men. The .sea being smooth, How many shallow bauble boats dare sail Upon her patient breast, making their way With those of nobler bulk. But let the ruffian Boreas once engage The gentle Thetas, and anon behold The stroufj-ribbed bark through liquid mountains cut. Where then's the .saucy boat Who.se weak, untimbered .sides but even now Co-rivaled greatness? Either to harbor fled Or made a toast for Neptune. How well this high philosophy was exemplified during the war has passed into history. One by one the brightest stars in our military galaxy, our worshiped chieftains, succeeded each other in the demonstration of their incapacity for the command of -SO immense an army on so extended a field, until the tanner of Galena received his commission, accompanied by the benediction of our great war President, and rose at once to the stipreme height and filled every condition of the most stupendous under- taking that ever challenged the exertions of martial genius. Acceptance of tlie Stutuc of General Ulysses S. Grant. 67 We value a chain by tlie measure of its strength at the weakest point; but we \-ahte a man, it has been wisely said, by the measure of his strength at the i)lace where he is strongest. Gkan'T's strongest points were those which (lualified him for a military commander. On the field of war, as the leader of armies and fighter of battles, he won his chief distinction and reached the summit of his splendid fame. To explain how men succeed, to analyze the amazing exploits of genius and lay bare to the mind's eye the elements which combine to make them possible, is a difficult task and one not suited to this occasion. But no oh.server of Gra.vt'.s career could have failed to note some of the more obvious qualities which fitted him for successful war. They were displayed with brilliant effect and startling emphasis in that succe.ssion of incomparable achievements from Belmont to Appomatto.x. True, the former and practically his first battle was lost; but Ciesar lost Gergovia, and it is said of him that the manner in which he retrieved his failure showed his greatness more than the most brilliant of his victories. So the success of Gr.vxt in covering his retreat and pro- tecting his army at Belmont showed a high degree of dex- terity and skill in the management of men, a remarkable celerity of movement, coolness, and perfect self-command under circumstances calculated in the highest degree to pro- duce confusion and dismay. M. Thiers, in his History of the French Revolution, suggests as the crucial test of a great captain ' ' the power to command a great mass of men amid the lightning .shock of battle with the clearness and precision with which the philosopher works in his study.'' It is said that in ever\- decisive battle there is a moment of crisis, on which the fortunes of the dav turn. The 68 Address of M?: Biosius on the commander who seizes and holds that ridge of destiny wins the victory. This requires a swift and sure-footed faculty of observation, capable of covering the possibilities of a situation, discovering the key point of a battlefield and the weak point of the enemy's position with the sweep of the eye, as by a hghtning flash. The possession of these high capabilities in a most con,spicuous degree gave Grant a preeminence all his (nvn. The day of the battle of Belmont may be called Gr.^nt's .second great day, for his qualities as a commander were sub- jected to the first .severe test. That battle was fir.st won and then lost; lost by losing the discipline of the army. The genius of the connnander alone .saved it from dispersion or capture. General Gr.^iNT was the last man to leave the field, and he escaped, I have .somewhere read, by running his horse from the bank of the river to the boat across a .single gangway plank. Early in the spring of 1862 GR.A.NT reached the conclusion that the effective line of operations was up the Tennes.see and Cumberland rivers, on which were situated Forts Henry and Donelson. In less than twenty days after he had obtained Halleck's assent to the projected movement thi..se two forts had surrendered to this intrepid commander, together with 15,000 prisoners of war. This has well been called Gr.\nt'.s third great day. It e.stablished him in the confidence of the people and confirmed his title to the distinction of being a great soldier. His letter to General Buckner, in answer to a proposition for an armistice, some one has .said reads like the letter of Cromwell to the parsons of Edinburgh, and is one of the most remarkalile epistles in the military literature of the world. Acceptance of lite Statue of Ceueral ( 'lyssrs S. drant. 69 HUADm'AKTKKS AkMV IN THli FlELD, CaMI' NKAU I'ORT DONELSOX, Fehruary 16, rSdj. Sir: Yours of this dalt-, proposiii.t; ;irniistice and appointment of coin- iiiissioners to settle terms of ca])itulatioii, is just received. No terms except an immediate and unconditional surrender can be accepteil. I propose to move iniinediatel>- ujxm your works. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. r. S. Grant, Brigadier-Oeneral. (k-ncral S. H. BrCKNKR, Confederate Army. From that day forward he coinmaiuled the respect, admira- tion, and affection of every loyal citizen of the Republic. Vet. curiously enough. General Hallcck suspended him on the 4th of March following. In nine days he was restored to his com- mand. The.se nine days were .sad and tearful to the chieftain, who felt the wrong like a .scorpion's sting, but no word of com- plaint ever escaped his lips. The plan of operations which led to the capture of Mcksburg was conceived by Gk.\.\t and executed with great celerity and splendid success. The small space of thirty-three days wit- nessed a notable succe.sSion of brilliant movements, when the forces of the enemy within a circuit of 50 miles numbered 60,000 men; the capture of Port Gibson, the victories of Raymond, of Jackson, of Champion Hill, and Black River Bridge, culminating in the investment of Vicksburg. whose capitulation later on clo.sed the memoraljle campaign and covered with glory the .sagacious chieftain whose martial genius achieved the splendid triumph. After the fatal battle of Chickamatiga the Confederate autliori- ties, notably Jefferson Davis, who had visited the seat of war early in October, expected the surrender of our army in a few days. But on the 24th of October General Gkaxt arrived. An offensive movement was at once inaugurated and the battle of Missionary Ridge fought and won, with a trophy of 6,000 ■JO Address of Mr. Brosius on the Confederate prisoners, 40 pieces of artillery, and 7,000 stand of arms. The Army of the Cumberland was saved, the siege of Chattanooga was raised, and Chickamauga avenged. GR-A.XT then succeeded to the command of all the armies of the Union, numbering a million men, a larger army it is believed than was ever before commanded by one man. The field of its operations was connnensurate with its number — from the Mi.s- .sissippi River to the Atlantic, thence south to the Gulf of Mexico, and west to Texas, one army cutting the Confederacy in two and another laying .siege to its capital city, all by the direction of this matchless warrior without as much as a council of war. Such con.summate strategy, such masterful leadership could lead to but one result. Richmond fell, Lee's army surrendered, and the Union was saved. The.se stupendous achievements and surpa.ssingly splendid strategic movements which led to the glory of Appomattox all furnish to the curicjus in such matters the most striking and convincing exhibitions of an exceptionally high order of martial genius. What place will ultimately be a.s.signed General Gr.\nt in the military constellation of history the judgment of the future mu.st determine. For his contemporaries to place him in the company of Alexander, Cse.sar, and Napoleon is fulsome adulation in which I have no di.sposition to indulge. To ele- vate any modern hero to a share in the glories of the battle- field with. these phenomenal characters would be as unsuital)le, Dr. Lord would say, as to divide the laurels of Homer, Dante, and Shakespeare with the poets of recent times. Excluding the.se, however, from the comparison, the well- guarded judgment of dispas.sionate men will not rank our illustrious leader below the most successful and conspicuous masters of the art of war the world has ever .seen. His fame Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 7 r can li)Sf none of its luster by conijxirison with Wellington, Marlboroii.ijh, Oustavus Adolphns, Frederick the Great, Mau- rice of Nassau, or Henr\- of Xa\-arre. A just analysis of the aptitudes of these men for war will show more points in which Grant excels than falls below them, and there can be no doubt that when histor\ shall make its final assiijnment of rank he will stand either in their company or al)Ove them. As a civil administrator he will hold eminent rank among the wisest and best; but the fame (jf the statesman will ever l)e eclipsed by the glory of the soldier. His ei.ght years of Administration were vexed and harassed i)y problems of greater difficulty and magnitude than had ever before been encountered by any Government in times of peace. The reconstruction of the vSouthern States presented questions with which no statesman had ever grappled. When he became President the situation of the United States was engaging the attention of the ci\-ilized world. Seven only of the eleven States lately in rebellion had been readmitted to the Union. The previou.s Administration had been enfeebled and embit- tered by an unseemly controvers\- between the executive and legi.slative Ijranches of the Government. The progress of recon.st ruction had been retarded, bu.siness interests were lan- gui.shing, and the public credit was impaired. Foreign compli- cations with Spain and Great Britain also confronted us, so that it may be said that Gk.\nt encountered at the beginning of his Admini.stration difficulties of a very grave and threatening char- acter. The power of generalizing and foreca.sting is one of the first qualities of statesman.ship. Gr.\nt possessed this power. In his first inaugural he outlined with great clearness the questions that would come up for settlement during his Admin- istration and implored his countrymen to deal with them without prejudice, hate, or sectional pride. On the financial question 72 Address of Mr. Brosius on the he had a clear judgment and a fixed purpose. He insisted that national honor required every dollar of Go\'ernnient indebt- edness to be paid in gold unless otherwise stipulated in the contract. "Let it l)e understood," .said he, "that no repudi- ator of one farthing of our public debt will be trusted in public place." This was a prophecy. It became a triumph. He adhered steadfastly to the polic>- he had ainiounced, and at the clo.se of his Administration one-fifth part of the public debt had been paid and the public credit reestablished. His foreign policy was equalh- wise and statesmanlike. ' ' I would deal with n.itions," said he, "as equitable law requires individuals to deal with each other." He served notice on ambassadors, kings, and emperors in these words: If others depart from this rule in their dealings with us, we may be com- pelled to follow their preeeileiit. At the clo.se of his Administration there were no international questions unadjusted. On the vexed question of suffrage he was wise and farseeing. In his inaugural he emphasized the urgenc)- with which the ratification of the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution appealed to the best judgment of the nation as the only just and practicable settlement of the question of suffrage. He had an invincible conviction that the amendment embodied the fun- damental idea of republican govennnent and American lilierty. The experiment of jropular government had not been com- pleted before the war, but now every citizen was a member of the ruling as well as the subject cla.ss. The transition from the old regime to the new was sudden and great. With the overthrow of the Confederacy went the downfall of slavery and the extreme doctrine of State rights. With the triumph of the Union came the political equality of men in the States and of States in the Union. There was now a true national Acceptance of Ihi- Statue of General ( Yisses S. Grant. 73 so\-ereignty and a true national citizenship. Every man was a sovereign, whether qnahfied for iiis kingdom or not. The nation welcomed the new ideas, and went promptly to work to create new institutions suited to them. Concerning the principles which were to fashion the new fabric Gk.\nt had well-defined convictions and statesmanlike views. The ])n)I)lenis to he solved were intricate and diffi- cult, calculated, man>- of them, to appall the stoutest hearts and baffle the wi.sest heads, and yet at all ])oints at which the Executive came in contact with the.se perplexing ])rob- lenis, which he helped to lift \\\) until they comprehended in their .sco])e the eijualitN' of citizenship and the elevation of a race, he treated them with a fullness and completeness of consideration, breadth of comprehen.sion and rectitude of judgment, and dispo.sed of them with such preeminent wis- dom as to fairh- establish his title to rank with the more eminent of American statesmen. In one aspect of his character Grant had probably but one rival to .share his laurels in the hi.story of human great- ness. He was a consunnnate master of a sublime and impo.s- ing silence. And this was a valuable auxiliar>- to the soldier, thou.gh it would have disqualified him for the Senate, where, it is .said, the first duty of man is to .speak. He accom- plished more with less waste of vocal energy than any other man .since William the Silent: but when he did speak, his utterances were notable, as jioteiit as his silences. His words were cannon shots, half battles. They carried consternation with them like dazzling bolts from the darkened heavens. They were pomlerous, fallinj; on his foes As fell the Norse god's hammer lilows. Some of his laconic e.xpressions and terse dispatches will outlive the most brilliant of Cse.sar's and the most crushinsj 74 Address of Mr. JUvsitis on the of Napoleon's. Men will be fighting' out their battles "on this line if it takes all summer:" will be " n loving imme- diately upon the enemy's works." and "demanding uncon- ditional surrender ' ' to the end of time. The -Stars that glittered on General Grant's brow, like those that deck the heavens, were not all of the same magnitude. They differed in glory and had rank among themselves. There is one attribute of his character which remo\-es him from the ranks of the illustrious leaders and statesmen in who.se compan\- he will in most respects go down to posterity and secures him a preeminence enjoyed by no other warrior in human history; a point of character at which the .soldier and the statesman meet; an excellence which adorns the one and qualifies the other — a matchless magnanimity. From no point of view does the greatness of his character shine with more supernal splendor. The ancient Romans dedi- cated temples to the highe.st human excellences. Otir great soldier-statesman bowed before the tem])le which en.slirined the divine attribute of magnanimity. I'ltimus Romanorum was written upon the tomb of Cato, and, if among the epitaphs which shall perpetuate the glories of General Gk.vxt there should be no expres.sion of this transcendent perfection, the silent marble would break into .speech to declare to posterity that in this phase of his character, at least, he was the nol)le.st Roman of them all. Appomattox and Gr.\nt are the two liah'es of one of the most interesting and impressive situations which hi.story records. Thev constitute an historical iniity that can never be severed. They are held in the enduring embrace of a happy conjunction of place and event which made the former the theater and the latter the star performer of one of the grandest dramas in the Acceptance of the Statue of Ctcneral I'lyasci S. Grant. 75 tide of time. That they are so Hiiked in jierpetual association in the pubhc mind finds some denotement in the ease with wliich vSenator Conkhng took captive a national convention witli the crude but clever rhyme: And when asked what State he hails from Our sole reply shall be: "He hails from Appomattox And its famous apple tree." From A])poinattox he sent on win.i^s of lig^htniiig to the Sec- retary of War the message which carried joy to more Iiearts than an\- previous one in human hi.stors': .\1'RI1, 9, 1S65 — 4.30 ]'. M. Honorable K. M. St.\xton: (ieneral Lee has surrendered the Army of Northern \"irjjinia this after- noon on terms proposed by myself. r. S. C,K.\NT, Liciilenaiit-(icntial. When this magnanimous cliieftain laid his conqtiering sword on the capital of the Confederacy, received Lee's .surrender and the curtain fell before the tragedy of the rebellion, he said to the vanciuished armies: "Lay down your arms and go to your homes on your parole of honor, and take yoiu' hor.ses with you to cultivate your farms, but come and take dinner with us before you go." Were ever before the vanqtiished thus treated by the victors? At the fall of Toulon a French warrior wrote: "We have only one way of celebrating victory; this evening we shoot 213 rebels." How resplendetit l)y contrast appears the con((tieror of the rebellion! Who in the fear of God didst bear The sword of power, a nation's trust ! " Let us have peace !" said the soldier Who grasped the sword for peace And smote to save. From the hearts of patriots everywhere attuned to the same melody is lifted up the glad refrain; celestial choirs prolong y6 Address of Mr. Brosius on the the joyful chorus until the spirit of our statesman-warrior sends back the swelling antheiu, "Let us have peace." As I contemplate the last of earth of this rounded and completed character, passing from the sight of men in that beautiful park by the river side, a vision bursts upon my imagination, and I see the open grave over whose portals rests the casket waiting its descent into the darkness of the tomb; on either side stand with bowed heads the great chieftains who led the opposing armies in our civil war, the conquerors and the conquered, paying equal tributes of honor to the savior of the Union, and between them I see the great spirit of our dead, resplendent in the glory of innnortality, reaching down his spirit hands and clasping tho.se of the reconciled warriors, and I hear his celestial voice saying: Americans, children of a common country, of the same lineage, language, history, and destiny— peace, blessed peace, be and abide with you evermore ! If a firmer and more indissoluble Union, a better understand- ing and more cordial relations between the .sections, and a permanent and abiding peace, founded upon true respect for each other and veneration and affection for our conunon coun- try, should be the fruition of his great example; if his sur- viving countrymen will but emulate his high character wherein it is most worthy, avoiding the faults which saved him from perfection, and will rededicate them.selves with his singleness of purpose and self-consecration to the maintenance of his lofty standard of personal character and exalted patrioti.sm, and thus, through the elevation of the citizen, .secure throughout the Union he loved and saved the .supremacy of virtue, honor, patriotism, and public reason, then the victory of his death will outshine the .splendor of the greatest of his life; and as was said of the strong man of the olden days, so it may be Acceptance of the Statue of (ieneral I '/ysses S. Crant. 77 said of our mighty and strong, that ' ' The dead which lie slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life." And though the affection and veneration of his admiring countrymen have commemorated him in costliest marble and splendid mausoletun, and elaborate epitaphs have sunmied up his virtues and will transmit to ftiture generations the records of his imperishable reiiown, the fittest, noblest, most perma- uent, and abiding monument to this distinguished citizen, emi- nent statesman, and illustrious soldier will be his country's peace. 78 .-Ic/dirss of Mr. Dollivcr on the Address of Mr. Dolliver, of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I would very much have preferred to be silent on an occasion like this, when the old comrades of General Grant and representatives of the Confederate army have been paying these tributes to his memory; and I would not consent to sa\- a word now except upon the request of the committee in charge of the ceremonies, who have been kind enough to sug- gest that there is a sense in which I may be said to speak for the generation born since 1850, which had not the privilege of bearing even a humble part in the national defense. In that year Thomas Carlyle, in a pamphlet, fierce and barbarous, called the "Present Time," wrote these words, curiou.sly made tip of .sympathy and of sneer: America's battle is yet to fight; and we sorrowful, though nothing doubting, will wish her strength for it; and she will have her own agony and her own victory, though on other terms than she is now quite aware of. What great liuman soul, what great thought, what great noble thing that one could worship or loyally admire has yet been produced there? It is not certain that the belated prophet, crying in the wil- derness of the Old World, li\-ed long enough to revise this opinion of the New; but it is certain that he lived to see America find strength to" fight her battle, to liear her agony, and to win her victor\- on such terms as were appointed; that he lived to see the gra\e of Aliraham Lincoln become a shrine for the pilgrimage of the human race, and to hear the name of Ulysses S. Grant saluted in all the languages of the earth; and had his days been lengthened but a little he would have seen the canon of Westminster open the doors of that venerable monument to admit the silent American soldier into the house- hold of English-spoken fame. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 79 The- unchallenged jilaceof General Grant in history expresses, as far as such thing can be expressed, the value of his service to his own nation and to his own age. and to all nations and all ages. Without a trace of .selfish ambition in his entire career, he was in a high sense, from his youth up, guided by an inward monition that he was to play a decisive part in the arena of national affairs. At least twice in his life, by his own modest statement, he felt within him.self a di.stinct intimation of the future — once, on the day he graduated at West Point, and after- wards, on the day that \'ick;.sburg fell. It may be an idle fancy, btit it is not hard to believe that every step he took, from the farm to the Academy, from the Academy to the frontier, from the frontier through the Mexi- can campaign, and thence to private life, a life of toil and self- sui)pression, from which, with a timid and hesitating request for a small command, he emerged into the I'nion Army, was ])art of the preparation, the post-graduate course, for the full equipment of thi.s mysterious man. The greatest of his lieu- tenants .said: "To nie he is a mystery; and I believe he is a mystery to himself." If he had .said to his cla.ssmates, "I will one day take Scott's place on review," he would have been laughed out of the Army. If, after \'ick,sburg, he had announced that he was the one general in the Army al)Ie to bring the rebellion to an end, he would have gone the way of all the others. Vet both these thoughts were in his liead, and we can not regret that in the shadow of the end, when in pain and an.gui.sh he was writing for po.sterity the story of his public life, he was moved to throw this light ujion the inner life he lived within liim- self. There are tho.se who impeach the whole social fabric because it imposes upon all a strenuous struggle for existence, and we have often heard that opportunity alone Jiiakes the 8o Address of Mr. DoUivcr on the difference between failure and success. That is the philosophy of a little world; for we know that without burdens there is no strength and that in exposed places, open to the storms of all skies, the frame of manhood takes upon itself the rugged fiber which is the master of opportunity, a victor over circumstances, a crowned athlete in the games of furtinie and achievement. General Gr.a.nT belongs to the new departure, which dates from i860. Though a man of mature years, he can scarcely be .said to have lived before that time. He did not take enough interest in the Army to hold on to his connnission; nor in his Missouri farm to make a living out of it; nor in the leather store in Galena to go back and lock it up after he heard of the fall of Fort Sumter. In a .sen.se he had no politics. He voted for Buchanan in 1S56, although he .states in his Memoirs that he did it not out of affection for Buch- anan, but becau.se he had an old grudge against Fremont. His politics were even more ambigucius than .some of the heroes of later times. With the inheritance of a Whig, he joined a Know-Nothing lodge; and while his sympathies were with Douglas, he spent that fall drilling the "Lincoln Wide Awakes." It almost looks as if Providence, needing him for the new age, kept him clear and free from the confu- sion of tongues that preceded it. It is well-nigh impo.s.sible, even with the history of our country in our hands, to make our way through the political wilderness of fifty years ago. The most pathetic thing in the development of the nation is the picture of our fathers poring for generations over the nnisty volumes of the old debates, wearing the F'ederalist and Madi.son Papers to the covers, in their vain and hopeless search for the founda- tion of the faith. Washington grandly comprehended the Acceptance of the Statue of (intcral Ulysses S. Grant. Si Constitution he had helped to make; Init that did not keep the legislatnre of \'irginia from disowiiiui^ the national au- thority while he yet lived in honored retirement at Mount Vernon. Daniel Webster, supreme among the giants of those days, vindicated the national institutions in speeches that have be- come classic in the literature of our tongue: yet even our schooltwys can not recite them without a sense of humiliation that his great antagonists were able to dog the steps of that lofty argument with the minutes of the Hartford convention, showing Massachusetts on the edge of the jirecipice before she had finished buiUling linnker Hill Monument. Andrew- Jackson i|uit the game of ])oIitics long enough to swear his might\- oath, "By the Internal, the Union must and shall be i>reserved:" hut that did not prevent the .Slate of South Carolina from organizing her people against the national authority while old soldiers of the Revolution still survived among them. Little by little the nation had shriveled and cliiiunished and the important States increased, until, as the older men on this floor can remember, the bonds of the United States offered for sale were bid for in the money centers of Europe, and especially by the bankers of Holland, on condition that they should be countersigned by the State of \'irginia. They knew that Vir- ginia was on the map Ijefore the United States was, and they had a dim sort of .suspicion that they might be able to locate the State of Virginia after the United States of America had disappeared from the map of tlie world. I would not heedlessly afe foundation ? When he took the oath of office in 1869 he found the coun- try filled with clamor about the payment of the public debt, some demanding its settlement in depreciated notes; others calling for new issues of paper promises, the cheap and easy product of the engraver's art, with which to wi^x; out the bonds which had been issued for the conmion defense. Into that noisy controversy came this calm and immovable man and from the east portico of the Capitol uttered words that have become part of the national character: "Let it be understood that no repudiator of one farthing of the national debt will be trusted in anv public place." And from that hour the national credit of America, without limit and without terms, has been as good as gold in all the markets of the earth. I count it also as a part of General Gr.\nt's place in history that he gave the sanction of his office to the most benignant treaty ever drawn between two nations, the treaty by which a deep-seated international difference was submitted to a high tribunal instead of being made a cau.se of war between two kindred peoples, which tnight to stand side by side for the freedom of the world. Thus the man of war becomes the advocate of the world's peace, and turning to his own coun- trymen, in his second appearance to take the oath as President, he makes a confession of his faith in the future of our race so serene and devcait that it reflects the in.spired visions of old, and gives reality to the rapt aspirations of the poets and prophets of all centuries. In his last annual mes.sage General Grant laments the fact that he was "called to the office of Chief Executive without any previous political training." He was too busy in the years 88 Address of Mr. DoUivcr on the tliat intervened between his auction of stock and farm machin- ery on the httle Missotiri homestead and his entrance into the White House to study pohtics eitlier as a science or an art. But there was one thing which he brought with him into civil hfe more important than anj-thing else, and that was a firm confidence in the American people and a settled faith that in all great emergencies they may be trusted to sacredly guard their own interests and the public welfare. It was that steady confidence which enabled him, when the Santo Domingo treaty was rejected by the Senate, in a storm of vituperation from which even liis own high office did not e.scape, to appeal to the people of the United States, and in the language of his special mes.-5age seek a decision from "that tribunal whose convictions so seldom err and against whose will I have no policy to enforce. Because he believed in his countr>nien he had faith in his country, and he expressed his belief that the civilized world was tending toward government by the people through their chosen representatives. "I do not share," said he, in his second inaugural, "in the apprehension held by many as to the danger of governments being weakened or de.stroyed by reason of the extension of their territory. Commerce, educa- tion, rapid transit of thought and matter by telegraph have changed all this." It is not possible to think of him in the midst of such problems as now beset our aiTairs, deliberately adding to the national burden by defaming his country in order to exalt the motives of a mob of swift-footed barbari- ans in the Phihppine Islands. At least once in his Administration, at a cri.sis in the Cuban .situation, he ordered the Xavy to prepare for action, and if the brief conflict with Spain, which the present Go\'ernment was not able to avoid, had come in his time, it would simply have Acceptance of the Statue of dencral f '/ysscs S. Grant. 89 anticipated the grave eveuts of the i)ast year; leaving us twenty years ago, with vastly less preparation, exactly where we are to-day. In that case who can imagine General Grant direct- ing the Navy to throw its victories into tlie sea, or ordering our brave little armies of occupation to run headlong for their transports, leaving life and property and the social order in the keeping of half-naked tribes? It does not require a very difficult feat of the imagination to hear the voice of the old commander, the voice of the battle- fields upon which the American flag has been sanctified to the service of civilization, bidding his countrymen go fonvard in the fear of God, hopeful and courageous under the burdens of their day and generation. His comrades have presented to this Capitol his statue, a beautiful thing in itself, a thing, I believe unheard of in the military traditions of any country except our own. It .stands yonder in the Rotunda among our historic treasures. It will preserve his features and the in.scription of his name until tlie heavens be no more. When the nation of America shall build in this capital, as it one day will, a monument to General Gr.vnt, it need not show forth the image of his person, it need not contain the record of his fame, for like the column of Waterloo proposed for Wellington in the graphic and noble conception of Victor Hugo's fiction, it shall not bear aloft the figure of a man; it shall be the memo- rial of a nation, the statue of a people. go Accepfance of tlu Statue of (Itneral Ulysses S. Grant. The Speaker. The question is on agreeing to the reso- hitions. The resokitions were uuanimoush- agreed to. Mr. McCleary. Mr. Speaker, there are probably other mem- bers of the House who would like to laj- their laurels upon the brow of the great commander. I therefore ask that leave to print be extended to all who desire to avail themselves of it for ten days. The Speaker. The gentleman from Minnesota asks unani- mous consent that all who desire may print remarks on the life and character of General Gr.\xt for ten days. Is there objection? There was no objection. Mr. McCleary. Mr. Speaker, as a further mark of respect to the memory of General Grant, to his family, and to the Grand Army of the Republic, I move that the House do now adjourn. The Speaker. The gentleman from Minnesota moves that, as a further mark of respect to the memory of General Graxt, to his family, and to the Grand Army of the Republic, this House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to. Accordingly (at 2 o'clock and 55 minutes p. ni.j the House adjourned. 4r ^TATL E or GENERAL ILVSSES S. GRAM PROCEEDINCS IN Till; SKXATE. SATUF^DAY. APRIL 28. 1900. Mr. Wktmoke. from the Committee on the Library, reported the following resolution, which was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to: AVio/rci/, That the exercises appropriate to tlie reception and accept- ance from the Grand Army of the Republic of the statue of General UI.VSSES S. Gr.axT, to be erected in the Capitol, be made the .special order for Saturday, May 19, at 4 o'clock ]>. ni. MONDAY. MAY 14. ISOO, Mr. Spooxer. Mr. President, the Senate, by an order hitli- erto made, set apart May 19, at 4 o'clock iu the afternoon, for exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance from the Grand Army of the Republic of a statue of General Ulysses S. Gk.vnt, to be erected in the Capitol. 1 am instructed, with reference to that subject, by the Committee on Rules to ask unanimous consent of the Senate that during those exercises, beginning at 4 o'clock, there may be reserved for the exclusive use of the members of the Grand Army of the Republic the galleries known as the west reserved gallery and the gentle- men's south gallery of the Senate. Mr. Hale. At what time? Mr. Spooxer. On Saturday, May 19, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 91 92 Proceedings in the Senate. The President pm tempore. Tlie vSenator from Wisconsin, for the Committee on Rules, asks unanimous consent that the western reserved gallery and the gentlemen's south gallery be reserved for the members of the Grand Army of the Republic on Saturday afternoon next at 4 o'clock. Is there objection ? The Chair hears none : and it is so ordered. TUESDAY. MAY IS. 1900. Mr. Hansbrough, from the Committee on the Library, reported the followina;' resolution, which was considered h\ unanimous consent and agreed to: Rcsolfed. That duriiiij tlie exerci.ses of the igth instant, incident to the reception and acceptance of the statue of General Ulysses S. Grant, the connnittee of the Grand .^rmy of the Republic on the Grant memorial, the present commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, the senior vice-commander in chief, the junior vice- commander in chief, the surgeon-general, the chaplain in chief, the adjutant-general, the quarter- master-general, the inspector-general, the judge-advocate-general, and the senic aid-de-camp an- Colony. In a few years he removed to Windsor, Connecticut, in which he and several generations of his descendants resided. Samuel Grant, son of Matthew, was born in Dorchester. November 12, 1631. Samuel Grant, second, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, April 20, 1659; Xoah Grant was born in Windsor, Connecticut, December 16, 96 Address of Mr. Haiclcy on the 1692; Noah Grant, second, was l)orn in Tolland, Connecticut, Jtily 12, 171S; Noah Grant, third, was born in Coventry, Con- necticut, and removed to Pennsylvania in 1790. Jesse Root Grant, who lived to see his son President of the United States, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1794. The elder son of Jesse R. Grant was born at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, on the 27th of April, 1822, and was baptized Hiram Ulysses Graxt, but we knew him as Ulysses S. Grant. General Grant was not a vain man, nor in the ordinary sense of the word an ambitious man. What were his characteristics? We think of him first, perhaps, as a silent man, but main' know how cheerfully and happily he could talk in a circle of men and women who knew each other and knew the subjects about which talk was not de.sired. To idle observations and questions or semiinterrogative suggestions or inappropriate approaches, he opposed no disctis.sion , but a deadly, immobile silence, and noth- ing on earth could have more completely quenched the designs of interfering and meddling men. He was reproved for withholding militarj- intelligence from the people of the United .States, but those who have studied the art of war know perfectly well that a large measure of reticence on the part of a commanding general is imperatively demanded. It is a duty. To conduct him.self otherwise would be a wrong to his soldiers and his country. General Grant was brave. Yes. He never made any dis- play of it. He was unconsciously brave; perfectly calm; always steady. As to his decisions and purpo.ses, he was dominated persistently by a .sen.se of duty to God and his country. A sin- gular fact is that his yea was yea and his nay was nay, more eniphaticalh- than I could saj^ of any man I ever knew. I am told b}' officers who lived with him for years that he was never Aicfptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 97 known to use any words ot profanity, even the simple phrases " By George" or "By Jove," or anything of that sort. When he said a thing he said it. He s;iid it witliont even emphasis. At Apjwmattox yon well know what he said to show that he was not animated by any wicked or revengeful pur])ose. He said : Kacli officer aiie allowed to return home, not to be 'ed all armed opposition to the Union, and now he .sought to reunite and compact forever into patriotic brotherhood those who had followed and those who had opposed him. Hardly had the roar of the last gun at Appomattox died away among the Virginia hills when it was seen that this was the second great purpose of his soul. He thought of the poverty and helpless- ness of the gaunt and ragged heroes who had fought to the last, and he sought to relie\e their hard condition; and from the bitterness of those who knew war only afar off he protected I02 Address of Mr. Harris on the them when their only shield was his word, and they found it sufficient. So begun , the glorious work was completed from Mount Mc- Gregor, and when men read his last words, " I feel that we are on the eve of a new era, when there is to be great harmony between the Federal and the Confederate. I can not stay to be a living witness to the correctne.ss of this prophecy, but I feel it within me that it is to be so. The universally kind feeling expressed for me at a time when it was supposed that each day .'would prove my last seemed to me the beginning of the answer I to ' Let us have peace,' " all hearts were touched and softened. Like a prayer, like a prophecy, like a benediction, those words came from lips touched b\- the hand of God. In the years to come young and ardent spirits looking upon this statue will stand in awe of the arms of the great military hero, j'et the thoughtful man, the lover of his country, will see and revere the greater and more noble patriot who abhorred war, who loved peace, and with his dying words reunited the hearts of his countrymen, and gave them an immortal and per- petual inspiration of fraternal love and patriotism. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 103 ADDRESS OF MR. TURLEY, OF TENNESSEE. Mr. President, in one respect it ha.s alway.s seemed to me that the historians and biographers have been unkind to Wash- ington. They have portrayed him to us as one apart from us, as one created in a diflerent mold, as an exalted being, free from those weaknesses and frailties which characterize the ordi- nary man. I know now that this is not the truth. But the imjtressions which were instilled into my youthful mind can not be eradicated, and I shall ever regard Washington as a man different from all other men, and the sentiments his mem- ory in.spire are those of reverence and adoration rather than of love and affection. Not so with Gk.\.nt, Mr. President. 1 can only give my own impres.sions of him, and I do not intend to institute any com- parison between him and Washington. To me he has always seemed one of u.s — a man among men, with all a man's faults, but with more than one man's share of virtures. It may be because he is nearer to u.s — a part of our own time. Washing- ton has always embodied to me the idea of jn.stice and right. In Grant I have always felt that justice was largely tempered with mercy and kindness. In all his dealings with men he seemed most considerate of those shortcomings and faults which are a part of human nature. Mr. President, I have always been impressed with the grand simplicity and kindliness of his nature. He was, if I under- stand his character, as unostentatious and unassuming as it was po.ssible for a self-respecting gentleman to be. And his loy- alty to his friends and to those who trusted him was beautiful in the extreme. This part of his character may have often led I04 Address of Mr. Tinicy on the him itito mistakes, l)Ut it is a quality which all must admire. Show me the man, Mr. President, who is lo.val to his friends, and I will show you a man who is true to the core and is loyal and honest in all other relations, both private and public. General Grant, if I read his character correctly, was a man who almost unconsciously did the right thing at the right time. Some men who are really great accomplish their work o\\\y after great and labored effort. But he was so con.stituted, .so well balanced, that every task was performed with seeming ease. In his make-up he might be compared to some exqui- sitely constructed engine that runs without noise and does its work without friction. His great achievements were accom- plished with so little effort he .seemed .scarcely to realize that he had done anything out of the ordinary. I am told by those who knew him that he believed his work could have been done and the result accomplished as readily and successfully by many of his .subordinates as by him.self, and .so little vanity had he that it was difficult for him to understand how it was that he was chosen for the high offices he filled so well. I remember, Mr. President, that among.st the rank and file of the Confederate soldiers General Gk.vnt occupied a different position from most of the other Union commanders. Toward some of tho.se commanders we entertained feelings of bitter- est personal ho.stilit}-. But I think I can .safely .say no Con- federate soldier entertained any such feeling toward General Grant. The kindness and .simplicity of his nature, of which I have spoken, seemed to have made itself felt even amongst his enemies. We felt that there was no hatred in his breast nor enmity in his .soul again.st us, and we thought he was fighting us because he felt it was the right thing to do under the existing circumstances, just as we were fighting because we believed we had the right on our side. I do not mean that Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 105 we then entertained kindly or friendly feelings for him, but we esteemed him. nnd there was no bitterness in our hearts for him. But for many years past the .sentiments of the ex- Confederates and the Southern people toward the memory of this trul>- .iireat man have .gradually changed from those of comparative indifference to warm affection and esteem. I do not wish to be misunderstood, Mr. President. He does not occupj- every niche and corner of our hearts. There is in the heart of every Confederate soldier, as there will be in the hearts of our children and our children's children, an inner chamber — a sanctuary of sanctuaries — sacred to the memory and name of one man and one man alone, our innnortal Lee. You on the other side would think less of us if it were not so. We love him because he was the very incarnation of our cause and Iiecause he .suffered with us and for us. We love him as no other people ever lo\-ed a man before. We love him in sorrow, we love him with a love purified by suffering and chastened by defeat, with a love which " passeth all understanding" and defies all power of expression or description. Mr. President, I think General Grant first found his way into the hearts of the Confederates when we came to understand and appreciate his conduct at Appomattox. In the life of every nation there comes a time when its for- tune and destiny lie in the hands of one all-powerful man. That time came to this country when Lee surrendered to Grant. The war had been inaugurated to save and restore the I'nion, but in the bitterness engendered by the long conte.st the views of many of the Northern leaders had changed. When the end finally came the question was. How were the Southern States to be treated: were they to be treated as conquered territory and their people subjected to confiscation and punishment, or were thev to be brought back to their proper places in the Union? io6 Address of Mr. Tiirley on the It is to be remembered that in all previous civil wars, even amongst our Anglo-Saxon ancestors, the victors had imposed upon the vanquished the severest punishment. vSuch conflicts had always ended in executions, exiles, and imprisonment. Was such a policy to be pursued here? The issue rested with General Grant. He had beliind him a mighty and devoted army and a great people whom lie could sway and bend at will. The fate not only of the defeated Confederates, but of the victorious North rested with him. If he had raised the cry of treason and demanded that Confederate blood, which had watered every hill and valley and mountain side in the South, should still flow as an expiation and in ignominy and di.sgrace, who could have stayed his hand? As we now know, the life of the great Lincoln was nearing its close, and there was no other man in all the land that could have successfully opposed Grant in any course he might have chosen to take toward the South. We all realize now that tcj the magnanimous spirit .shown by Grant, the liberal terms granted to Lee and his men, and the sentiments instilled into the Army and people of the North by their great commander is greatly due the speedy and happy restoration of the Union, and for this we love and esteem him. I do not know, Mr. President, that Grant reasoned out these things at that time. Doubtle.ss he did, but it is more pleasing to me to believe that his conduct and course on that great occa- sion were dictated by his heart. I know, Mr. President, that when he rode out that morning to accept the surrender of the knightliest soldier the world has ever known he was not filled with thoughts of his own glory and his own great achieve- ments. On the contrarj', I believe his heart was full of sym- pathy for the agony of his great antagonist, and that in every starved and ragged Confederate he saw an honored brother in arms and a fellow-citizen of a common country. Verily, the Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 107 glorj- of all his great victories pales into insignificance before the glory of his chivalrous conduct on that eventful occasion. Mr. President, I do not think of him so much as a great commander, nor as President of thi.< country, nor as in his time the foremo.st man of the world. I prefer now to remember him as the gallant soldier, the simple, kind-hearted, honorable gen- tleman, the friend of Lee, and the defender and protector of the Confederate soldiers when they sorely needed such a friend and protector; and it is as a private from the Confederate ranks, as one who believed in the justice and righteou.sne.ss of its cause, that I now pay this tribute to his memory. io8 Address of Mr. Perkins on the Address of Mr. Perkins, of California. Mr. President, the statue which is accepted by us to-day is that of a man who belono:s to the whole country. No section of our land can claim exclusive right to do him honor. He stands, and will always stand, with Washington and Lincoln — one of the great Americans. I therefore think it fitting that those who are not members of the Grand Army of the Republic, whose gift to the nation this .statue is, should add their tribute to the memory of Ulysses S. Grant. But I may urge my claim to this privilege on an additional ground. California is clo.sely connected with one period of General Grant's life. He was once an officer of a military post in the then fore.st wilderness of Humboldt County. It was there that he entered upon his duties after his first promotion, and it was thence that he .sent the resignation of his commission as captain in the U.iited States Army. And during the war, from which he emerged the greatest military leader of the time, it was California to which he looked longingly as a place where he desired to pass the remainder of his days. It was California, too, which gave to him the first welcome home after what was almo.st a tri- umphant progress around the world — a welcome so heartfelt, so enthusiastic, and so proud that there was left no chance to doubt the gratitude and affection of the Republic. In his career General Grant exhibited those qualities which are ever found in great men whose work lives after them. Patience, courage, unselfishness, steadfastness, faithfulness to duty, loyalty to ideals, persistence in the effort to accomplish the end in view — all were manifested in his life and in his works. None are better able to attest to the truth of this Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 109 than his comrades in arms who give this statue. To tliem it were as though the marble itself embodied these verj- \-irtues. It is not alone GRANT, the victorious general, that the Grand Army of the Republic intends this statue to recall. It is not simply the Grant of Donelson and A])poniattox. It is the Grant of Mexico and California; of St. Louis and Cialena; of Washington, New York, and Mount McGregor. Tlirough- out his whole career and amid circumstances and cxjieriences varying from the peace and calm of tilled fields to the rage and storm of battle grounds there was always found that .sol- dierly quality which shows itself in atnlity to suffer and to do for duty's .sake, and which appeals particularly to the soldier, but which is not lost ujxin the men outside the ranks. General Gr.\nt was not the fir.st or tlie only one who has had to fight his way to an opportunity to make his power for usefulness known and recognized; but he was one of the few who, confident in themselves, press on in spite of obstacles and discouragement and C()n(|Uer success. No part of his career appeals more to our sympathy than that during which he struggled bravely but ineffectually to provide for his family after his resignation from the Army. It was the struggle of a loyal and courageous man — of a man loyal to those who trusted in him and courageous in the face of a world which seemed to be his enemy. Though checked, he was not de- feated. His face was always to the front, and he was always ready for advance. His opportunity came with the civil war. It was with difficulty that he secured a foothold in that Army of which he was in a few years to be the head. But, the foothold secured, the qualities which he possessed rendered the subsequent course of his career certain. There was work for honest, loyal, earnest, and conscientious men to do, and he was one of those in whom these qualities were notable. With him I ro Address of Mr. Perkins on the it was not a question of ijiilitary glory; it was a question of preservation of the Union. Rank was not desired for its political or social prestige, but that he might have more freedom to exercise all his powers for the nation's welfare. Donelson and Shiloh were not won through pride in gold lace and a delight to be on men's tongues. They were won through an unselfish devotion to duty, which is the soldier's highest quality, and an unfaltering determination that such work as lay to his hand should be done. The Grand Army of the Republic knows what a leader of that kind means. It knows that such a leader is an army in him.self, and under him thousands of comrades went willingly to their death believ- ing in him, and not one in the ranks of the veterans to-day ever hesitated to go where Grant showed the way. The men who gained Vicksburg for him and who followed him through the Wilderness, leaving a trail of blood behind, had imbibed his unselfish loyalty, his persistence in a high aim, and his reali- zation of the character and magnitude of the issue. They were brave meu, as he was a brave leader, and that bravery was no more coii-spicuously shown than at Appomattox, where his dismissal of the Confederate soldiers to their homes won a greater victory than any he had gained in the field by force of arms. The terms granted the opposing army upon surrender, that "each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by the United States authority so long as they observe their parole and the laws in force where they reside," and the further provision releasing all claim on the captured horses, that the animals might be used in the cultiva- tion of the owners' farms, marked the human, tender .spirit of the man of war. General Lee's prediction that "this will have a most happy effect upon my army" was fully realized. It Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 1 1 1 was the last, tlie greatest, and the decisive victory of the long struggle. By none except by a man having the highest human qualities could such a victory have been won. Twice after the clo.se of the civil war General Gk.vxt was called to the highest place within the gift of the people. As President he entered upon a sphere of life which was strange to him. Trained in youth to be a soldier, and his later experi- ence being that of camps and battlefields, he shrank not from the cares, the toils, the thankless labors of the Chief Magistrate of the nation. He brought to his new station the same con- scientiousue.ss, the same steadfastness, the same devotion to duty that had distinguished liim as a soldier, and with them the soldier's courage and directness. Though without political training, he l>ecame the head of a party, and in.spired within it the same loyalty to himself which had been manifested by the Army under his command. As there had been soldiers who would have marched with him into an>- danger, .so were there political followers who would stand with him against all odds. He was still the man of Shiloh and of Chattanooga, though the battles were fought with ballots and not with bullets. But in no period of his life was his greatness .so conspicuous as in tho.se years when he had thought his labors would be ended. He had fought a great fight and had been victorious. He had sen-ed the people as their highest representative, and had returned to private life bearing with him their love and confidence, which it was not in his nature to betray. He looked fonvard to a calm enjoyment of a well-earned rest. But, as we know, misfortune came — a double misfortune — wrecking fortune and bringing death suddenl>' near. Strip- ping himself of everything for honor's .sake, he began anew, with the soldier's courage, to build up a support for those he 112 Address of Mr. Perkins on the loved and trusted and who depended on him. Scarcely had he commenced when he learned that hJs days were numbered. But what he had set his hand to do nuist be done, and despite physical and mental agony he piessed on. It was again the Wilderness in another guise, and, like the Wilderness, the struggles led to victory. W^hen he was carried to Mount McGregor he had performed his work, but he had few days to live; 3'et in those few days shone out as never Ijefore the greatness of the man. His last thoughts were of that union and peace which he so earnestly desired for the countr\- he loved so well — peace and happiness and concord among all men within its borders; union of all the interests, ambitions, and desires of all the people from ocean to ocean. And he spoke of no one but as a friend. The fierce enmities engendered by political war and civil conflicts had no place in his mind. All were forgiven and forgotten, and he died with his heart filled with love for those who had despitefuUy used him. Who, who shall say that his greatest victory was not won on the summit of Mount McGregor? To the members of the Grand Army of the Republic belongs the high honor of having served under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. But now not only they but every American is under the command of that great general's precept and example, and as long as we yield obedience so long will the Republic mark the furthest limit of human progress. Acceptance of the Statue of Goieml Ulysses S. Grant. 1 13 ADDRESS OF MR. TURNER, OF WASHINGTON. Mr. President, the ])l()\vsliare of tlie husl)aiulinan has obhter- ated from the bosom of mother earth most of the .scars of the civil war, and the art of the landscape gardener has transformed the grim outlines of many of our domestic battlefields, on which brother contended against brother, into beautiful pleasure parks in which all may meet to do homage to American valor there displayed on l)oth sides in that great conflict. This physical transformation has but followed and does but typify the trans- formation which has taken place in the feelings of the people of both sections of our connnon country. The wounds in their hearts, more enduring even than tho.se inflicted on physical nature by pick and spade and shot and shell, which long marred our national life, have also happily dis- appeared. Such as had not been softened and assuaged by the hand of time to the point of oliliteration were suddenly healed by the crisis which came on the country two years ago, not great in it.self, but so moving and compelling in its influence that it loosed the springs of patriotism in every heart and swept away, as if by magic, the Ijrooding memories of thirty-fi\-e years, never, I hope, to return again. We live now in the vital, throbbing, arduous duties of the present day, not forgetting the past or the memories of valorous achievements which it carries for men of both sections, but hold- ing them rather as an incentive and spur to jiatriotic endeavor in behalf of a country united not in name alone, l)Ut in the very hearts of a brave, generous, sympathetic people. It is peculiarly fitting that such a time should have been chosen by his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic to erect in our national S. Doc. 451 S 114 Address of Mr. Turner on the Rotunda, where it may be seen by all men for all time, the mag^- nificent statue which we have seen this day of the great silent soldier who sleeps on the banks of the Hudson. As he was first in war, so was he first in peace. As he struck the hardest blows in conflict, so was his the hand to pour the healing balm when the conflict was over. The passions of the hour took possession of other men and transported them, but he never forgot through it all that it was his brothers against whom he had been compelled to draw his sword. He said to General Lee at Appomattox, after the preliminaries of the sur- render of the Arm\' of Northern \'irginia had been agreed on: I will instruct my paroling officers that the enlisted men of your cavalry and artiller\- who own their horses shall be permitted to retain them, just as the officers do theirs. They will need them for their spring plowing and farm work. Twenty years later, his life work over, as he stood at bay con- fronted by his only conqueror, his thoughts reverted to the dark days through which the country had pa.ssed, and his last me.ssage to the American people was one of thankfulness that he had been .spared long enough to enable him to see for him.self the happy harmony which had so suddenly sprung up between those en- gaged btit a few years before in deadly conflict. These two expressions — the one made in the flush of health and in the mo- ment of supreme victory: the other in the solemn hour, when, .sick and dispirited, he was closing his account with the world — mark the spirit which at all times animated the great heart of this great patriot, soldier, and statesman; and because of that fact the heart of this nation responds to-day in sympathetic approval of this memorial to his achievements and his virtues as it would not respond for any otlier man, however eminent in war or peace, in the hi.story of our country. Although only an ob.scure young man in his day, I knew Acceptance of Ihc Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 115 him very well and received many characteristic kindnesses at his hands. I am proud to have the opportunity now to lay an hunilile wreath on his tomb and to assist in voiciiiL; the universal sentiment in grateful remembrance of the virtues exhibited by him and the .great services rendered by him in tlie service of the nation. Mr. President, this is neither the time nor the place to engage in a critical examination of the military career of General Gr.vn'T, nor to claim for him cn-er his contemporaries on either side supremacy as a connnander. Time would not suffice for the one and the occasion is inopportune for the other. But that he was a great conuiuuidcr, ranking with the greatest in either ancient or modern history, all who are familiar with his campaigns nuist admit. If I were to a.ssign him a rank among the world's great soldiers, I should .say that he was a Moltke and a Wellington combined in one. He planned his campaigns with all the care and precision of the former, and followed them up with all the .stuljborn persistency of the latter. It has been said of him that he was "direct as a thunderbolt, tenacious as a bulldog," and such, indeed, was the Lict. He had the faculty of seeing clearly where he could strike most effectively, and ha\'in,g seen his objective, nothing was permitted to di\'ert him from delivering the blow with all the strength at his command. Although not a student of military history or versed in the art of war, I have been struck with one marvelous fact in reading the campaigns of General Grant, and that is that he was never balked of his ultimate ])urpo.se in any of them and that he was but rarely checked. In confirmation of this fact, I beg to refer very briefly to some of the re.sults achieved by him: but I do this in no invidious spirit, and I am certain that all who hear me will acquit me of a purpose to wound 1 1 6 Address of Mr. Turner on the tender susceptibilities or to violate in any degree the pro- prieties which should mark this memorable occasion. He undertook to open up the Tennessee River in the Middle West and to force back the frontiers of the Confederacy to the northern line of Alabama and Mississippi. He accom- plished this in a series of engagements so brilliant and suc- cessful that immediately he became the military idol of the North. His work there was never undone at any period during the contiiniance of the war. He next undertook to cut the Confederacy in two on the line of the Mississippi River. How he accomplished this, fighting and defeating his adversaries in detail, crowning his work with the capture of \'icksburg and the army of General Pemberton, which he had forced within the defenses of that city, is a twice-told tale which I need not repeat. His final and crowning task was the defeat and capture of the Army of Northern Virginia. His victories in the South and West had made this po.ssible. He had sapped the reserve strength of that army and destroyed its recuperative powers. Henceforth his objective was General Lee and his army, and this objective he pursued relentlessly and persistently, some- times checked but never turned aside, sometimes suffering ter- rific loss, as might be expected from such an adversary, but always advancing in the accomplishment of his purpose, until finally he received the surrender of that great soldier, thereby bringing the war to a close and restoring the blessings of peace to his desolated country. He did his work well, and it is now seen and admitted by all, I imagine, that it is well he did his work well. Mr. President, I shall not stop now to show how the work of the .soldier was supplemented by that of the statesman. To do so wotild open up a field of investigation too extensive to be Acaplance of the Statue of Gfiicial C'/ysses S. Grant. 1 1 7 entered on here and now. It is sufficient to say that the old commander brought to the performance of his civil functions the same clearness and singleness of thought and the same tenacity of purjwse that had always characterized his nulilary operations, and if we are strong to-day where before we were weak, and if concord has succeeded discord in the hearts of our people, it is attributable largely to his wisdom and courage as a statesman and to his broad and generous intluence in softening the asperities which followed the close of the civil war. Thai he made mistakes may be admitted. Who has not? But his reputation is safe, and it will last as long as the American Republic endures. This memorial which we have received from his comrades is useful and valuable in that it gratifies their desire to mark and honor his achievements, and in that it presents to his country- men in visible form, to move and inspire them, the personality of one of our greatest national characters. But it is not needeil for his fame. Far from it. The corroding tooth of time will wear away and destroy brass and marble, but so long as history endures and virtue is honored in the land he served so well the name and fame of Ulvsse.s S. Gk.\.xt as patriot, soldier, and statesman will find a nienujrial in the hearts of his proud and grateful countrymen which neither time nor any of its \-icissitudes can wear awa>- or destro\-. Mr. President, on the death of General Gk.\xt, General Samuel vS. Burdett, of the city of Washington, then the com- mander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, and now the chairman of the connnittee of that organization partici- pating in these ceremonies, issued an order expressive of the sense of himself and his comrades on the happening of that sad and desolating event. That order is found in the pub- lished proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Encampment. It 1 1 8 Address of Mr. Turner on the is a chaste but moving and eloquent tribute to the heroic dead, and as that fraternal and patriotic organization has been silent thus far in these proceedings, save in its letter present- ing this statue to the nation, I send the order of General Burdett to the Secretary's desk and ask that it may be read as a part of my remarks. The President pro tempore. The vSecretary will read as requested. The Secretary read as follows: General Orders, No. 3. Headqu.'vrters Grand Army of the Republic, W'asliington. D. C, July 24, iSS^. Expressing the profound grief of his comrades everywhere, the com- mander in chief performs the duty of formally announcing the death of Comrade Ulvsses S. Gr.\nT, late a member of George G. Meade Post, No. I, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic, which occurred at Mount McGregor, New York, on the 23d instant, at 8 o'clock and 9 minutes a. ni. Comrade Gr.\nT was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1S22; entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, July I, 1839, and was graduated therefrom and appointed brevet second lieutenant, Fourth Infantry, July i, 1843; promoted second lieutenant Sejitember 30, 1845; brevetted first lieutenant September 8, 1847, for gal- lant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Molino del Rev, Mexico, and captain September 13, 1S47, for gallant conduct at Chapultepec; pro- moted first lieutenant September 16, 1S47, and captain .August 5, 1853; resigned July 31, 1S54. Upon the breaking out of the war of the rebellion he offered his services to his countrv without condition, and was commissioned colonel Twenty- first Illinois Yolunteers, June 15, 1S61; brigadier-general, August 5, 1861; major-general. United States Yolunteers, February 16, 1862; major-general. United States Amiy, July 4, 1S63; Lieutenant-General, March 2, 1864; and General, July 25, 1866, which last commission he held until vacated March 4, 1869, b}- reason of his inauguration as President of the United States. Upon the demand of his grateful countrymen he was, on March 3, 18S5, again made General United States Army ( retired ) , and so died, as was most fitting, with the harness of his country upon him. He bore the commission of the United States in active service for nine- teen years; for seven years he w-as in the presence of actual war. Acceptance of the Statue of Gcnoal Ulysses S. Grant. 119 Measured bv the number of engaj(enients in wliicli he participated; by the physical difiiculties met and overcome ; by tlie numbers en},'a<;ed in actual battle under his leadership ; by his masterly comprehension and quick adaptation of the changing and theretofore untrieil conditions result- ing from improvements in arms ; by the vaslness of his strategic combina- tions he wisely conceived and successfully guided, and by the results achieved for his country, for his countr\ men, for liberty and law every- where, he was the peerless soldier of his own age ami witlio\ita su])eriorin any other. His title to a high place among the statesmen of all time was established l)y the supreme wisdom which in the day of final triumph dictated those terms of surrender which in the compass of an hour well-nigh healed the wounds of four years of war. Called bv the imperative voice of his fellow -citizens to the office of Presi- dent of the T'nited States, for eight years he stood in their chief place and, surrendering then his trust, left to liis successor a country which in every element of present strength and promise of future prosperity and glory surpassed the dream of the most sanguine. Seeking in travel abroad the rest and recreation he had so well earned, with only the title of American citizen to connnend him, the great in sta- tion, in learning, and in achievement of every land sought to do him honor, whilst the humble, crowding his pathway, invoked for him tlie blessing which their empty hands could not bestow. The chief citizen of a Christian land, he adorned the greatne.ss of his public life by the practice of those simple virtues which is the fulfillment of the law. The sanctities of home— the chief pillars of i>ur State— found in him devout observance. In other days the mothers of the land builded altars to such as he. Consciously marching over the road where only his footprints linger, and toward the goal he has now reached, his comrailes of the (.'rrand Army make to his memory this their last fraternal salutation. It is recommended to department commanders that a day be announced in orders upon which the posts in their several jurisdictions may meet in open session or otherwise, that each comrade may^ have opportunity to pay the tribute of respect his full heart prompts. Let the colors at national and department headquarters and of the posts be draped, and the usual badge of mourning be worn by all comrades for sixty days. By command of S. S. Burdett, commander in chief : John Cameron, Adjntant-(jciienii. I20 Address of Mr. Carter on the Address of Mr, Carter, of Montana. Mr. President, pulalic joint resolution Xo. 34, appro\-ed by the President August 14, 1S90, recites the desire of the posts of the Grand Army of tlie Repubhc to testify their affectionate and patriotic re.y;ard for their late comrade, General Ulysses vS. Grant, b^- presentin.^: a marble statue of General Grant to the Congress of the United .States, to be placed in the Capitol of the nation. In sympathy with that patriotic desire it was provided by the resolution — That a .statue in marble, with a proper pedestal, of the late General Ulysses S. Gr.ant, tendered by the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, shall be received and erected in the Capitol of the United States, and shall thereupon become the property of the United States: Provided, That the design of such statue and pedestal shall firht be submitted to and receive the approval of the Joint Committee on the Library. By unanimous consent, we to-day lay a.side the unfinished business of the Senate to formalh' accept the statue presented to Congress in pursuance of the resolution adopted ten years ago. This tribute of respect to the memory of the ' ' great com- mander " of the Union armies in the war of the rebellion very appropriately comes to the nation as the offering of the sur- vivors of the mighty armies directed by him in the most deplor- able and the most destructive war the world has ever known. To recount the actions and the achievements which gave to the name of Ulysses S. Grant a guaranty of imperishable renown would involve a mere recital of historical facts known to the whole civilized world. In the dreadful struggle of war and during the period of tempesttiotis passion following the return of peace every phase of the character of General Grant Acceptayuc of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 121 was tested in the crucible of fierce, hostile, aud merciless criticism. Men of all parties and of all sections of our reunited country now agfree with one accord that his character has enier^^ed from that test unalloved by any base or unworthy element. Without note of di.scord from any .source, we accept the gift of the Grand Army of the Republic and assign to the -Statue of General Gr.\.\t a merited ])lace under the Dome of the Capitol of the nation his valor and devotion .so materially aided in preserving united, under the Constitution framed by our fathers. As visiting dele.gations of the pre.sent and com- ing generations pa.ss under the great central Dome of this Capitol the .splended marble statue of the generous victor of Appomattox there standing will recall to them heroic deeds of war and distingui.shed .ser\-ice in civil life, performed with dauntle.ss courage and luiaffected simplicity. The sculptor could not select from the galaxy of our great men. living or dead, a subject better suited to illustrate sim- plicity, directness, truthfulne.ss, bravery, .-md lofty courage than is found in the features, the life, and the achievements of General Gk.vnt. Unaffected as a child, incapable of telling or acting a lie, wholly without knowledge of physical fear, and po.sses.sed of courage to follow the path of duty through pitiless storms of pa.ssion and evil report, this remarkable man acquired and will ever hold the affectionate regard of his countrymen. In a special manner his name and fame will always be treasured by the members of the Grand Army of the Republic and their descendants. To the Grand Army man Grant was a comrade, an associate, and a friend. His name is to his comrades in arms consecrated by the memory of common dangers, trials, and sufferings. To those of our brethren who wore the grav, recollection of 122 Address of Mr. Carter on the his relentless action on the field of battle was obliterated by his chivalrous generosity at the dawn of peace. Compelled to plead for peace through the dreadful logic of the cannon's mouth, General Grant sought to relieve his antagonist from any sense of personal humiliation in the hour of defeat. To his generous impulse as much as his valor we owe the speedy reunion of the once warring States. With the cause of sectional discord removed, we now enjoy the blessings of a union based on mutual respect and affec- tion. As the centuries come and go the les.sons of our civil war will remain to admonish each succeeding generation that through the ways of peace alone can vexed problems be worked out in the United States. As long as the history of that war remains to tell of the sacrifice of life and trea.sure, of broken hearts and ruined homes, our children and their children, North and vSouth, East and West, will abide together in peace and unity. Charity and forbearance will always avert resort to arms. As we now accept the statue of our distinguished country- man, it is surely the fervent prayer of all that Ulvs.SES S. Grant may be recorded by the world's historian as the la.st commander of Federal armies during a civil war in the United States. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 12; ADDRESS OF Mr, Allen, of Nebraska, Mr. President, I knew nothing: of this service until perhaps an hour or more ajjo, and it niisht tie well for me, if I consulted my own interest, to permit the occasion to pass in silence. Yet as an humble soldier, who served in the ranks under General Gk.\xt at a time before ht liad risen to national fame, and as a member of the Grand Army of the Re]niblic, I feel that I ought not to let this opportunity pa.ss without dropping an observa- tion. It was my fortune to know General Gr.\nT as a private soldier of tender >-ears would know the distinguished com- mander of the army of which he was a part. Mr. President, Grant was an ideal .soldier. He was not an impulsive man. He was a man of deliberation, of conviction, and judgment, and whatever he conceived to be his duty he did, regardless of all obstacles that might be thrown in his way, and regardle.ss of all persua.sion to the contrary. It must be remem- bered, in considering the character and life of this eminent citi- zen of our Republic, that he had the rare faculty of calling to his assistance and gaining the confidence of the ablest men in his army. Sherman, Thomas, Sheridan, the Smiths, Logan, all serving in the Western army, were his devoted friends, and carried his orders into execution with unerring accuracy. Whatever mistakes they may have made, those mistakes were looked upon in a kindly spirit by the commander in chief. It is due, perhaps, to this fact as much as to anything else that General Grant gained the reputation throughout the nation and throughout the world of never seeing any fault in his friends. Concerning his ci\'il career I know no more than any other citizen who has read of his administration of the Government as its President for two .succe.ssive terms. As a military man 124 Address of Mr. Allen on the he was, in iiij- jud.tjnieiit, a genius. Napoleon, I think, is accredited by the intellectual and the militar>- world with being perhaps the most brilliant of all the military chieftains produced in ancient or modern times, but Napoleon made his mistakes. When Napoleon went south of the Pyrenees Moun- tains and invaded Spain it was a military mistake, and the world now recognizes that fact. When he left the proper scene of action and invaded Moscow it was a mistake that cost him isolation and death at St. Helena. If men are to be tested in this world by success, Grant was a greater military chieftain than Napoleon. When Grant, in connnand of the Western army, sought to reduce \'icksburg, in which others had failed, he did not invade it from the north, but passing on the west bank of the Missis- sippi River down to the little town of Bruinsburg, below Port Gibson, he there crossed his troops and his trains, and there severed 'his communication with the authorities at Washing- ton. Between Port Gibson and Jackson and Vicksburg Graxt wedged his army between those of Johnston and Pemberton and Gardner. Fightin.g in the rear of Port Gibson, he soon drove Gardner back into his fortifications, and then, moving with unusual celerity to Jackson — the capital of Mi.ssissippi — he there engaged Johnston and drove him east of the Pearl River. Without waiting for his troops to rest more than an hour he retraced his steps, and. meeting Pemberton at Champion Hill, he defeated him, dri\-ing him west of the Black River and finally into A'ick.sburg, which culminated in a surrender on the 4th of Jtil}- following. In my judgment no other general who lived and took part in the great civil war could have accom- plished that great feat. Against Napoleon's mistake in Spain, Gk.a.n'T met with victory in his first effort to crush out the Confederacy along the Mississippi River. Acceptance of the Statue of General Ulysses S. Grant. 125 From that grew his fame, and his services were demanded to take command of tlie Army of the Potomac. When he took command of that magnificent army that had been mustered and drilled by McClellan and other military chieftains of great renown, failure was predicted. Yet with good judgment and indomitable courage he fought the wonderful battle of the Wil- derness, forcing Lee hack slowly, but nevertheless surely: then Spottsylvania; then Cold Harbor. Then came that which a.ston- ished the authorities at Washington; he pa.s.sed .south of the James River, leaving but a few men between Washington and Richmond, and laid siege to Petersburg, which resulted in the complete rout in the course of time of Lee's army and the sur- render at Appomattox. Those two campaigns, in my judg- ment, stamp him as a military genius who far outshines any man in modern times. Mr. President. General Graxt was a kindly dispo.sed man. He was generous and magnanimous to his subordinate com- manders. He was always just to his soldiers. He was not a martinet. He was never on ])arade. He was easily approach- able by the humblest man in the ranks. He listened with patience to any complaint made to him. He had it in his power when he rose to the command of the Army in chief to crush out subordinate commanders. His generasity to Thomas at Chattanooga stamped him, Mr. President, not only as a great nnlitary chieftain. Init as a mo.st generous and manly man, for when sent to take charge of the Army, he did not remove that great soldier, but, inspired by him, Thomas led his forces out of Chattanooga, and the wonderful battle, or series of battles, at Missionary Ridge ensued, with victory to our cause. So I might, if the time would warrant and the occasion per- mit, poiut out instance after instance of the singular generosity and magnanimity of this great chieftain of ours, whose memory 126 Address of Mr. Allen on the we commemorate at this time and whose statue we accept to be placed in this Capitol. But above all and beyond all Grant was a humanitarian. In war imagination becomes inflamed and people speak harshly of those, in authority; and yet Grant lived long enough to demonstrate to those whom he was com- pelled to confront in grim-visaged war for over five years of our national existence that he was their devoted friend in time of need. In all the annals of warfare there can not be found a more generous or humane action than the orders of Grant at the close of the camiiaign and the surrender at Appomattox. All these things stani]) him. in my judgment, as one of the greatest men of the age. I do not believe it is given to one man to know all things; I do not believe it is gi\-en to one man to be a great statesman and at the same time a great .soldier; and yet, perhaps more nearly than any other man we have produced in this country, General Grant blended those qualities. He was not, Mr. President, ferocious in his nature. He was as mild as a woman, kindly to the faults of others, disposed to make life's pathway as smooth as possible. He was not unjust or ungenerous to his soldiers. He did not ask them to go where he did not lead. Mr. President, in all the singular career of this great military star of the Western Hemisphere he did not forget the lesson so splendidly taught by Gray: The boast of heraldry, the pomp of pow'r, And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave. Await alike the inevitable hour — The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Grant knew the great truths contained in that stanza. He knew — as we all know, as the world knows — that all these serv- ices rendered in behalf of humanity, sometimes unpleasant as they are, all lead in the performance of our duty to the mysteri- ous realm to which we are all rapidh- hastening. Acceptance of the Statue pf General Ulysses S. Grant. 127 A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. Browning, its Chief Clerk, announced that tlie House had passed a concurrent resohition extending tlie thanks of Congress to the Grand Arnn- of the RepubHc for the statue of General Uly.sses S. GkAxN'T, in which it requested the concurrence of the vSenate. The President pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Senate resolutions from the House of Representatives, wliich will be read. The Secretary read as follows: I.N THE HorSK OK ReprESEXT.\TIVES, J/ay ig, igoo. Resolved by the House of Representatives ( Die Senate concurring ) , That the thaiik.s of Coiigres.s be jjiven to the C,raii(I .Vrmy of tlie Reiniblii.: for the statue of General Ulvssks S. Grant. Resolved, That the statue be accepted and placed in the Capitol, and that a copy of the.se resolutions, sijjned by the presiding officers of the House of Representatives and the .Senate, be forwarded to the chairman of the committee of the Grand Army of the Re])ublic on the Grant Memorial. Mr. H.A.N.SBRorGH. I move that the Senate concur in the resolutions of the House of Representatives. The resolutions were unanimously conctirred in. Mr. HANSBROfGH. I move that the resolutions that I pre- sented at the beginning of these proceedings be withdrawn. The motion was a.greed to. Mr. H.VXSBROUGH. I move that the vSenate adjourn. The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 48 minutes p. m. ) the Senate adjourned until Monday, May 21. 1900, at 12 o'clock m. APPENDIX. S. Doc. 451 9 T29 Report of the Grant Memorial Committee to the THIRTY-P-nuRTH NATIONAL ENCAMPMENT, G. A. R., CHI- CAGi .. T 29, 1900. GRANT MEMORIAL STATUE. Your committee on the erection of a marble statue of our distinguished comrade, fieneral Ulvssks S. Grant, in the Capitol at Washington, take great pleasure in reporting the successful completion of their labors. It will be remembered that the first statue made by the sculptor, Franklin Sinnnons, at Rome, Italy, while entirely satisfactory to your connniltee, was not approved by the then Connnittee on the Library of the Senate and Hou.se of Rep- resentatives. Consequentl>-, under the contract, your com- mittee required Mr. Sinunons to complete another full length figure, and as a further precaution required, first, the presenta- tion of a bust of full size, .so that the Connnittee on the Library might have the fullest ojijiortunity to examine the same before the artist went to the expense of reproducing it in marble. Mr. Sinnnons was so anxious to produce a thoroughly satis- factory work that he came from Rome to be ])resent with your committee when this model was inspected by the Joint Com- mittee on the Library. That committee gave an unciualified approval, and we felt that Mr. Simmons would meet our confi- dent expectations, Init should not be unduly ha.stened in his 132 ~ Appendix. work, as he had also on hand the large equestrian statue of General John A. Logan, to l)e erected in Washington. The finished statue reached this country, and was, in the mouth of May. placed in position for inspection in the rotunda of the Capitol. A close examination by the members of the Committee on the Library resulted in their unanimous appro\al of tlie work, not only for the successful likeness of (General Graxt as he appeared about the close of the war, but al.so because it more than favorably compares as a work of art with the best statues now in this historic building. The statue having thus secured approval, the chairman of the Senate Connnittee on Library, Senator Wetmore, of Rhode Island, and the chairman of the House Committee, Repre- sentative McCleary, of Minnesota, had a numlier of consulta- tions with the chairman and secretary of your committee as to its official acceptance by Congre.ss. It was finally agreed that on the 19th day of Maj', 1900, formal services should be held in both the Senate and House under arrangements to be made by the chairman of each com- mittee, and the.se included the assignment to an honorable position on the floor of the Senate and House, by resolu- tion, of the officers of the National Plncampmeut and the committee representing the Grand Army of the Republic. Mrs. Grant and family were .specially provided with .seats by the President pro tempore of the .Senate and the Speaker of the House. Before the formal services in the House it was deemed appro- priate that Mrs. Grant and her family should have a private view of the statue in its position, and the flag draping the statue was formally removed by one of the granddaughters. At this simple and touching ser\-ice Acting \'ice-President Frye and Speaker D. B. Henderson were pre.sent. Apf'ctidix. 133 In the House your committee were officially received, through the courtesy of Speaker Henderson, and took seats assigned them. The communication of \our committee was then read to the House by the clerk thereof, giving a brief statement of the work of this connnittee in carrying out the wishes of the comradeship of the Grand Army of the Republic, a copy of which is herewith included, and, after addresses by mem- bers, the following was unanimously adopted: A'csolved hy the House of k'cpiesoilaliies (the Senate concurring). 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