: >!$ "*%? . V ■^Hi i3L# ->33», Tims* J*:* • \.£& »», i.-.0!» '^:m - m?.w &wm mmm ft. ■ "WWW W ^ $ LI BRARY OF CONGRESS. j ! J [SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.] f -0*4 -.Gr*^5 ! # | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. J ,o^yvgV Jv p, iy^M, Al mv ^ „. s« :|Ku: y V r. - f y mMM v - ^V ViluffljiiSi (ffjiiyi w&Mw&- ;>^;yij;ipjC * , J< ,i( 'V ill !'5?w» us aflJWF : !M«tV ;y^0f\ ' i-k iiiV H mdli i un ill wm mjmmM^ m^mmm JW^VwC UNIVERSAL FORMULARY BY H. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D. UNIVERSAL FORMULARY: CONTAINING THE METHODS OF PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING OFFICINAL AND OTHER MEDICINES, THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACEUTISTS. BY IQ R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D jleet.-i sunt qure medicum nobilitant. — Linxjeos „*•• of Co,- ~ I 71 j c - . -^ PHILADELPHIA: LEA AND BLANCHARD. 1850. Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by LEA AND BLANCHARD, the Office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PHILADELPHIA : T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. TO GEORGE B. WOOD, 11. D., G-reat Britain j • tt Rome - - . . = 339.073 it Tuscany - - - =339.542 a Holland - - - =375.000 a Modena - - - =340.457 it Austria - - - =420.009 a Portugal - - - =344.190 u The pound of 6400 grains. Spain - - - - =345.072 it Turkey - - - =321.317 " The pound of 7200 grains. The pound of 6912 grains. Naples - - - - =320.230 a Coni .... =307.370 a The pound of 9216 grains. Monticelli - - = 307.370 a France - - - =489.503 a Liquid Measures of the United States and Great Britain. The liquid measures employed by the apothecaries in the United States and Ireland, are the wine gallon and its sub-divisions. Altenbnrg, and of Anhalt Bernburg ; grand duchy of Baden ; city of Bremen ; duchies of Brunswick, Saxe Meiningen, and Saxe Coburg Gotha ; cities of Frankfort-on-the-Maine and Hamburg ; kingdom of Hanover ; electorate of Hesse, grand duchy of Hesse, landgraviate of Hesse Homburg ; princi- pality of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen; duchy of Nassau; grand duchy of Oldenburg; principalities of Reuss-Plauen and Reuss-Schleitz, of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen ; duchy of Sleswick-Holstein ; principality of Waldeck ; grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar ; and kingdom of Wirtemberg. The Nuremberg standard is also adopted in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, and Switzer- land. ( 7 ) Parma, Borgo San-Donnino, Pellegrino, San-Secondo, Fontanellato, and Bussetto. ( 8 ) Piacenza, Fiorenzola, and Carpaneta. ( 9 ) This standard has been adopted in the kingdom of Saxony, the principalities of Lippe- Detmold and Lippe-Schaumburg, and the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. It differs so little from those of Anhalt-Coethen and the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, that the standard of these three territories may be considered identical with that of Prussia. This table needs hardly any explanation: it will enable the pharmaceutist — in all cases of foreign formulae — to calculate the foreign weight in troy weight ; thus, e. g. — one grain troy being equal to 0.S9 grain of Austria — the value of one grain Austrian weight in troy weight may be readily ascertained by a simple rule of three example : — 0.89 : 1 : : 1 1 x 1 = X 1 = 0.100 0.89)0.100(1.1235 S9 110 89 210 178 320 2.67 530 445 65 16 INTRODUCTION. Wine Measure. 1 minim 60 = 1 fluidrachni - - = 0.2254 cubic incbes. 480 = 8 = 1 fluidounce - - = 1.8047 " 7680 = 128 = 16 = 1 pint - = 28.875 " 61440 = 1024 = 128 = 8 =1 gallon - = 231 " For a long time, tbe Royal Colleges of Pbysicians in England, Scotland, and Ire- land declined to recognize tbe use of measures in preparing and dispensing medicines, on tbe ground tbat tbe varying densities of different fluids rendered it difficult to use one common measure for all witbout risk of serious errors. But as druggists and medical practitioners constantly employed measures, in defiance of tbe probibition, and as tbe practice, besides being attended with great and obvious convenience, was found to be less fraught with danger than had been conceived, the London College in the first instance, and subsequently tbe other colleges also, recognized a system of mea- sures of their own, founded on tbe standard measures of tbe country. The Colleges of London and Edinburgh, adopting the imperial pint of 1826 as tbe basis, divide it into twenty parts, called fluidounces; each of which corresponds exactly with an avoirdupois ounce of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° B., and therefore contains 437.5 grains troy. The fluidounce is subdivided into eight parts of 54.6875 grains, termed fluidraehms ; and each of these consists of sixty parts, called minims, which therefore amount each in weight to 0.91146 troy grain of distilled water. The last edition of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia having been published immediately before the passing of the Act of 1826, the imperial standard measures could not be adopted in tbat work as the basis of apothecaries' measure. The College, however, recognized a system adopted in a previous edition of the London Pharmacopoeia, and founded on the wine measure, in general use in Britain prior to the legislative alter- ations of 1826. According to this system, the old wine gallon of 231 cubic incbes, or 58317.8 troy grains of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° B., is divided into eight " pounds by measure" or old wine pints, each containing 7289.725 grains of water. The pint is subdivided into sixteen " ounces by measure," containing each 455.6075 grains; the ounce is divided into eight " drachms by measure" of 56.95 grains each ; and the drachm is divided into three " scruples by measure," each of which contains nineteen grains troy, and consists of twenty "grains by measure." Care must be taken, therefore, not to confound the Dublin apothecaries' measure with that more recently adopted by the two British Colleges. Imperial Measure. Grains troy. 1 minim = 0.91 60 = 1 fluidracbm = 54.7 480 — '8 " 1 fluidounce = 437.5= 1 oz. 9600 = 160 " = 20 " =lpint = 8750 = 1.25 1b. 76800 = 1280 " =160 " =8 " =1 gallon = 70000 = 10 lbs. Value or Wine or Apothecaries' Measure in Imperial Measure. Wine Measure. Apothecaries' Measure. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidraehms. Minims. 1 gallon = 6 13 2 23 1 pint = 16 5 18 1 fluidounce = 1 20 1 fluidracbm = 1 2 J Value of Imperial Measure in Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. Gallon. Tints. Fluidounces. Fluidraehms. Minims. 1 gallon 119 5 8 1 pint 1 3 1 58 1 fluidounce 7 41 1 fluidracbm 58 INTRODUCTION. 17 Besides these regular and authorized measures, there are others constantly used in the preparation and administration of medicines, which require notice. These, which have been adopted for convenience, are far from being uniform, but may be used without danger for ordinary purposes. Drs. Wood and Bache estimate the Teacup as containing about four fluidounces. Wineglass " " two fluidounces. Tablespoon " " a half a fluidounce. Teaspoon " " a fluidrachm. Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation ; he considers A Tumbler to contain eight fluidounces. Breakfast cup " do do Teacup " five fluidounces. Wineglass " two fluidounces. Tablespoon " half a fluidounce. Dessertspoon " two fluidrachms. Teaspoon " one fluidrachm. In both these estimates, the teaspoon is rated too low; they apply very well to the teaspoonful formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in general use, which approaches the dessertspoon in capacity. Quart and pint bottles are also some- times employed as measures of capacity for medical purposes ; but they are very falla- cious guides of quantity, as the so called quart bottle never holds a quart, nor the misnamed pint bottle a pint. The first seldom holds more than twenty-six to twenty- seven fluidounces, and the latter from thirteen to fourteen. It is still more common to estimate small quantities or doses of medicine by drops, as representing, and equivalent to, minims. This is so convenient, that it is not likely to be abandoned, though nothing can be more erroneous, as the size of the drop of the same fluid varies much with the form of the mouth of the bottle, its size, the mode in which the operation is performed, and still more from the nature of the fluid thus attempted to be measured. Numerous experiments have been made on the subject, but can only be considered as approximate estimates, though sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. Mr. Alsop, of London, some years since, published the result of some experiments made by him, which show the great variation to which this mode of measuring is liable. The following proves that the number of drops required to measure a fluidrachm are widely different when dropped from a large or a small bottle. One fluidrachm. Large bottle. Small bottle Diluted sulphuric acid - - 24 drops 84 drops Scheele's hydrocyanic acid - 35 a 60 " Distilled water . - 31 u 54 « Solution of ammonia - - 40 u 48 " Tincture of opium - - - 84 u 135 " Kectified spirit - - 100 a 130 " Tincture of" muriate of iron - 100 a 150 « Mr. Durand, of Philadelphia, in an able paper on the subject (Journ. PJiila. Col of Pharm., vol. i. p. 165), says, "The bulk of drops depends not only on the density of the liquids which furnish them, and the cohesion of the constituent particles of that liquid, but also on the shape of the mouth of the vessel from which they are poured. An open vessel with a beak, such as the common graduated measure, affords a larger drop than a bottle with the stopper half drawn out; a mode commonly prac- ticed. That furnished by the dropping tube is still smaller, and is ever liable to vary with the greater or lesser diameter of its extremity. Besides, in every instance, the first drops poured from any vessel are always smaller than those subsequently obtained." He goes on to say that the following may be considered as established: — 1. That liquids which contain a small proportion of water afford a small drop; while, on the contrary, liquids containing a large quantity of water furnish a large 18 INTRODUCTION. — ♦ drop. For instance, concentrated acids, ethers, rectified alcohol, fixed and essential oils, &c, which contain a very small proportion of water, yield a smaller drop than diluted acids, weak alcohol, wine, &c. 2. That, among liquids containing a large proportion of water, those which are not charged with remedial substances give a larger and heavier drop than those same liquids containing extraneous bodies in solution. Thus, weak alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water furnish a larger and heavier drop than the tinctures prepared from them. The following table illustrates his remarks : — TABLE Showing the Differences between Minims, Drops, and Grains of various Medicinal Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, &c. PREPARATIONS. c .5 IS" 6°" £.2 °.s c w 30 13.3 25 50 8 60 46 8.6 57 28 14.2 22.2 40 10 40 18 22.2 18.1 40 10 50 40 10 43.5 40 10 36 40 10 32 40 10 40 40 10 42 40 10 43 40 10 50 44 9.1 50 26 15.3 25 24 16.6 26 26 15.3 29 25 16 29 19 21 20 26 15.3 25 15 26.6 17.5 15 26.6 17.5 17 23.5 17 17 23.5 17 IS 22.2 18.5 15 26.6 20 18 22.2 20 19 21 20 fc.S Sulphuric acid Sulphuric ether Rectified alcohol Nitric acid Acetic acid (crystallizable) .... Muriatic acid Oil of wormseed (chenopod, anthelminticum) of peppermint, aniseed, sweet almond, olive, palma christi of cloves of cinnamon Copaiba Diluted alcohol Tincture of hydriodate of potassa, cantharides, kino, digitalis, assafetida, sulphuric acid, colchicum, opium, valerian, guaiacum of valerian, guaiacum (volatile) ... of muriate of iron Wine, Teneriffe antimonial of opium (Sydenham's laudanum) of colchicum root and seeds Vinegar, distilled of opium (black drop) ") of colchicum > of squill - - j Water, distilled solution of hydrocyanic acid - sulphuric acid (1 to 7) - nitric " " - ammonia (strong) - " (weak) - hydriodate of potassa arsenite of potassa - 16 6 7.1 18 10 99 9 11 12.5 10 9.5 8 16 15.3 13.7 13.7 20 16 24.5 24.5 23.5 23.5 22 20 20 20 The only mode to obviate these discrepancies is for the physician to order the administration of small quantities of fluid medicines in minims, and not in drops, which would induce the use of a minim measure in every sick room. INTRODUCTION. 19 French Measures of Capacity. 1 mi llilitre - - .' - 22= 16.2318 minims. 10 = 1 centilitre . - 2=2 2.7053 fl. dr. 100 = 10= 1 decilitre . - 2=2 3.3816 fl. ounces 1000 = 100= 10 = = 1 litre - 2= 2.1135 pints. 10000 = 1000 = 100 = = 10 = 1 decalitre 2=2 2.6419 gallons. 100000 = 10000 = 1000 = = 100= 10 = 1 hectolitre 2== 26.4190 " .000000 = 100000=10000, =1000=100 = 10=lkiloliti ■e=! 264.1900 " Litres. Eng. cubic inches. Imperial pints, Wine pints. Troy ounces of water. 1 = 61.028 — 1.7608 — 2.1135 2=2 31.104 2 = 122.056 = 3.5216 — 4.2270 =2 62.208 3 = 183.084 = 5.2822 = 6.3405 22= 96.312 4 = 244.112 = 7.0430 — 8.4541 2= 128.416 5 = 305.140 — 8.8038 10.5476 =2 160.520 6 = 366.168 — 10.5646 222 12.6811 =2 192.624 7 = 427.196 — 12.3253 2=2 14.7947 2=2 224.728 8 = 488.224 = 14.0861 — 16.9082 2=2 256.832 9 = 549.252 = 15.8469 = 19.0217 288.936 litre decilitre 1 centilitre. « 1 u 2 " « 2 it 5 " " 5 « 1 " a " The former measure in use before the introduction of the metrical system was the pint, and its subdivisions; and it still continues to be employed in some parts. It agrees with the metrical measure as follows : — 1 demi-poisson = 62.50 grammes = 1 poisson =125 = 1 demi-setier =250 = 1 chopine =500 = 1 pinte = 1000 = The subjoined is a list of the principal liquid measures of Europe, with their cor- responding value in the metrical measure of France : — Austria. — The fundamental unity is the mass or Jeanne = 71.3343 Par. cubic inches, or 1.415015 litre. The mass is divided into 3 seidel, and 40 mass make one eimer. Baden. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 1.5 decimetre cubic, and accord- ingly equivalent to 1.5 litre. Bavaria. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 43 decimal cubic inches of Bavaria, or 1.06921728 litre. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. Denmark. — The fundamental unity is the pott ( -^d part of a cubic foot Danish), equivalent to 0.96529 litre. The pott is divided into four pegel, and 2 potts make a kanne. Grand Duciiy op Hesse. — The fundamental unity is the mass, which corresponds exactly to 2 litres. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. Naples. — The unity is the harile, equivalent to 43.6216 litres. Portugal. — The unity is the almude, equivalent to 16.451 litres. Prussia. — The unity is the quart. This measure has a capacity of 64 cubic inches of distilled water, at 61.25 Fahr. and 27° 10' barom., = 57.724 cubic inches of Paris, or 1.145 litre. Bome. — The unity is the harile, equivalent to 58.3416 litres. BussiA. — The unity is the wedro, which contains 750 cubic inches of distilled water at 50° Fahr. and 30° barom., = 30 pounds Bussian. The wedro is equivalent to 12.28963047 litres, and one litre is accordingly equivalent to 0.081369410776019 wedro. The wedro is divided into 10 stof, and the stof into 10 tscharh. Spain. — The unity is the arroba, equivalent to 16.073 litres. Sweden. — The fundamental unity is the hanna, which contains 100 cubic decimal inches of pure water at 62° Fahr., m vacuo, equivalent to 6.151951 pounds Swedish. One pound Swedish of pure water at 62° Fahr. in vacuo, is equal to 0.4250104 litre ; 20 INTRODUCTION. the kanna is consequently equivalent to 2,6146431552904 litres, or, calculated upon the maximum density of water, 2.617341607120 litres, or, in shorter terms, 2.62 litres. The kanna is divided into 2 stop, the stop into 4 quarter, and the quarter into ^.jungfrus. Turin. — The unity is the brenta, divided into 36 pints, and equivalent to 49.28468 litres. Tuscany. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 45.584 litres. Wirtemberg. — The unity is the mass, which contains 78.125 cubic inches (Wir- temberg measure), and is equivalent to 1.83705 litre. The mass is divided into four schoppen. SPECIFIC GRAVITY. The following remarks on Specific Gravity have been taken from Redwood's edition to Gray's Supplement, and comprise in a condensed form much useful information. The determination of the specific gravity of a body consists in estimating the weight of a given volume of it, as compared with an equal volume of some other body. The bodies usually taken as the standard of comparison are pure water for solids and liquids, and atmospheric air for gases. The specific gravity of a solid is determined by first weighing it in the ordinary manner with an accurate balance suspended in the air ; then attaching a horse-hair, or fine silken thread to the solid body, immersing it in pure distilled water, and weighing it while thus immersed. The weight of the body in air, divided by the difference between its weight in air and its weight in water, will be its specific gravity. Thus a piece of lead is found to weigh 398 grains in air. When immersed in water, its weight is 302.4 grains; and the difference between these two weights, namely, 35.6, is the weight of the volume of water displaced by the lead, or of a volume of water equal to that of the lead. The volume of water being taken as unity, the specific gravity of the lead is found by the following rule of three sum : — 35.6 : 1 : : 398 : 11.176, the specific gravity of the lead. In taking the specific gravity of a solid substance lighter than water, some modifi- cation of the process is required : but we have, nevertheless, the same preliminary points to determine; first, the weight of the substance in air; and secondly, the weight of an equal volume of water. This may be illustrated by taking the specific gravity of a piece of was. The weight of the wax in air is 105.4 grains. On immersing the wax in water, two pressures are exerted — a pressure downwards, equal to the gravity or weight of the wax, and a pressure upwards, equal to the weight of the volume of water displaced by the wax; but the specific gravity of water being greater than that of wax, the upward pressure preponderates, and the wax rises to the surface. Thus, we find that a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs as much as the wax, and something more. We must ascertain how much more ; and this is done in the following manner : Some body heavier than water, and the weight of which in water is known, is attached to the wax, and the two bodies are weighed in water together. A piece of lead may be used for this purpose. The lead, alone, weighs 378 grains in water; with the wax attached to it, the weight in water is 372.4 grains, making a difference of 5.6 grains; and this 5.6 grains is equal to the excess of the upward over the downward pressure on the wax, when immersed in water. Thus, a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs 5.6 grains more than the wax, or 105.4 + 5.6=111 grains. Then, 111 : 1 : : 105.5 : 0.949, the specific gravity of the wax. It sometimes happens that the solid substance, the specific gravity of which is to be determined, is in powder, or in several small particles. In such cases, it is found convenient to proceed as in the following method of taking the specific gravity of calomel : — 100 grains of calomel are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, which holds 1000 grains of distilled water; the bottle is filled up with water, and the weight of the contents is found to be 1083.7 grains; deducting the weight of the calomel (100 grains) from this, the remainder (983.7 grains) will be the weight of the water in the INTRODUCTION. 21 bottle, and the difference (16.3 grains) between this and 1000 grains, the weight of the whole contents of the bottle when filled with distilled water, is the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of the calomel. Then, 16.3 : 1 : : 100 : 6.03, the specific gravity of the calomel. In taking the specific gravity of substances soluble in water, other modifications of the process are required. Sometimes the substance may be covered with a thin coat- ing of varnish, so as to protect it from the action of the water. This method answers very well for blue pill, which may be brushed over with a strong tincture of mastic, and then proceeded with as in the case of the lead. In other instances, however, it is necessary to pursue a different course. Thus, any powder that is soluble in water must have its specific gravity taken, in the first instance, with reference to some liquid in which it is not soluble. Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, or olive oil, may be used in such cases. The process may be illustrated by describing the method of taking the specific gravity of guano in oil of turpentine. In the first place, the specific gravity of the oil of turpentine is ascertained to be 0.874. Then 100 grains of guano are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, as in the case of the calomel ; and the bottle being filled up with oil of turpentine, the weight of the contents is found to be 922.7 grains, from which, deducting 100 grains, the remainder (842.7 grains) will represent the oil not displaced by the guano; and this, deducted from 874 grains, the quantity of oil the bottle is capable of holding, leaves 51.3 grains as the weight of a volume of oil of turpentine equal to that of the guano. Now, 874 : 51.3 : : 1000 : 58.7, the weight of a volume of water equal to that of the guano. Then, 58.7 : 1 : : 100 : 1.7, the specific gravity of the guano. The methods by which the specific gravities of liquids are usually determined may be divided into two classes : — 1st. Those which consist in filling any suitable vessel with the liquid to be esti- mated, ascertaining the weight of the contents, and dividing this by the weight of the same volume of water. 2d. Those which consist in displacing a portion of the liquid by some solid body floating in it, and estimating the specific gravity according to the weight and volume of the substance immersed, as compared with its immersion in water. In the first case, the instruments employed are a specific gravity bottle and an ordinary balance. In the second case, the instruments used may be comprehended under the general terms of hydrometers or areometers. These, however, are distinguished from each other, for there are many varieties of them, by different names, according to the par- ticular purpose for which they are respectively intended, or from some peculiarity in their construction. The specific gravity bottle affords the most accurate means of determining the com- parative densities of liquids. It consists, usually, of a globular bottle with a flat bot- tom and a slender neck, which holds exactly 1000 grains of distilled water at a cer- tain fixed temperature. It is very easy at any time to test the accuracy of one of these bottles by a single experiment ; and, having ascertained that the bottle is cor- rectly adjusted with regard to distilled water, the indications afforded with any other liquid will be equally trustworthy. The weight in grains of the quantity of any liquid filling such bottle will indicate its specific gravity. Hydrometers, or areometers, are floating instruments, and their application for the purpose of determining the specific gravities of liquids depends upon the fact that a body immersed in any liquid sustains a pressure from below upwards equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by such body. The use of hydrometers for determining the specific gravities of liquids has been traced back to a period about 300 years before Christ ; an instrument of this kind being described as the invention of Archimedes, the Sicilian mathematician. It sub- sequently fell into disuse, but was again brought into notice by Basil Valentine. There are two kinds of hydrometers, which may be taken as the types of all the different varieties in regard to construction : — 1st. Those which are always immersed in the liquids to be tried, to the same 22 INTRODUCTION. depth, and to which weights are added to adjust the instrument to the density of any particular liquid. Of this description are Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, and Guyton de Morveau's hydrometers. 2d. Those which are always used with the same weight, but which sink into the liquids to be tried to different depths, according to the densities of the liquids. These usually have graduated scales attached to their stems. Of this description are the common glass hydrometers, generally including those of Baunie, Cartier, Gray Lussac, Twaddle, Zanetti, &c, and the specific gravity beads. Sikes's and Dicas's hydrometers combine the principles of both types, having mov- able weights and graduated scales. Hydrometers may also be divided into two classes, as follows : — First. Those having a general application, for determining the comparative densi- ties of any liquids. Second. Those intended for special application; as for estimating the comparative strengths of spirits, or the comparative densities of syrups, oils, &c. Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, G-uyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hydrome- ters, including Baume's, Cartier' s, Zanetti' s, and the specific gravity beads, belong to the first class. Gay Lussac's, Sikes's, and Dicas's hydrometers, the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer, belong to the second class. Fahrenheit's hydrometer consists of two glass bulbs blown in a glass tube, like a common hydrometer, excepting that the upper bulb is larger, and the stem, which is small, is terminated at the top in a cup or funnel. It has a mark on the middle of the stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float, by means of weights put into the cup. Nicholson's hydrometer is a modification of Fahrenheit's. It is made of brass, and consists of a hollow globe, to which is fixed a slender stem surmounted by a cup ; on the opposite side of the globe is another cup fixed in a kind of stirrup, and loaded, so that this may always form the lowest point of the instrument when immersed in any liquid. There is a mark on the middle of the upper stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float. A certain weight is introduced into the cup, to cause the instrument to sink to the proper mark in distilled water. On immersing the hydrometer into any other liquid, more or less weight will have to be put into the cup, according as such liquid is more or less dense than water. Thus the relative densities of liquids are determined. This instrument is also applicable for taking the specific gravities of solids. If the solid substance be put into the cup as part of the weight required to sink the hy- drometer in distilled water, the weight of the substance in air is ascertained ; and if it be then put into the lower cup, immersed in the water, and the instrument again adjusted, its weight in water is ascertained; and from these its specific gravity is calculated. Guyton de Morveau's hydrometer is similar to Fahrenheit's. Baume's hydrometers are used extensively in this country, as well as in France, and are applicable for all kinds of liquids. There are two distinct instruments : one for liquids lighter than water, and the other for liquids heavier than water. The latter is, for distinction, called the acidometer or saccharometer (pese-acide or pese- sirop) ; the former, the spirit hydrometer (pese-esprit). Baume's acidometer is made in the form of the common hydrometers. It con- sists of a glass tube terminated at the lower end by two bulbs, the lowest bulb being much smaller than the other, and intended to contain the ballast with which the in- strument is loaded. The scale is marked on a slip of paper, or of ivory, fixed in the tube, and is adjusted in the following manner : The top of the tube being open, the slip of paper on which the scale is to be marked is put into the stem, and the instru- ment is then immersed in pure distilled water ; quicksilver is now dropped into the lower ball until the instrument sinks so low in the water that only the top of the stem remains above the surface, and a mark is made on the glass denoting exactly the point to which it sinks. The instrument is now taken out of the pure water and put into a solution of fifteen parts of common salt in eighty-five parts of distilled INTRODUCTION. 23 water, this solution being at the same temperature as the water in which the instru- ment was previously immersed ; the point to which it sinks in this solution is to be marked on the stem as before, and the distance between the two marks being taken with a pair of compasses, and transferred to the slip of paper, the first is made the zero or 0, and the other the 15th degree of the scale. This distance being divided into fifteen equal parts or divisions, each division is called a degree, and the scale is completed by adding as many more degrees as the length of the stem will admit of. This being done, the slip of paper is again introduced into its place, and so fixed that the zero (0) of the scale shall be exactly opposite the first mark made on the glass. The end of the stem is now sealed with the flame of a blowpipe. Baume's spirit hydrometer is similar in form to the acidometer ; but the weight of the instrument, and the scale, are different. In this case, the hydrometer is first immersed, as before, in pure distilled water ; but it is made to float, so that the greater part of the stem shall be above the surface of the water. This point is marked, and the instrument is then transferred to a solution of ten parts of common salt in ninety parts of water, when another mark is made. The distance between these marks is made ten degrees of the scale, which are divided with the compasses, and marked on the slip of paper, as in the other case, the floating point in the solution of salt being made the zero, and the degrees carried upwards from this point. The temperature at which these instruments were originally adjusted by Baume, was 10° Reaumur, or 12.5 Centigrade; but those made in England are usually adjusted at 60° Fahrenheit. It is sometimes important to be aware of this difference. Carrier's hydrometer is much used in France. It is only applicable for liquids lighter than water. This instrument is a modification of Baume's spirit hydrometer, the form of the instrument being the same, and the same point being taken as the zero of the scale ; but the space which, in Baume's scale, is divided into 32°, is in Carder's divided into 30°. It is becoming the common practice in this country to have the scales of hydrome- ters marked with the specific gravities intended to be indicated, and this is by far the most convenient kind of hydrometer for general use. Tiraddh's hydrometers are much used in Scotland, and occasionally in England. They are made of glass like the common hydrometers, and are sold in sets of six. Each degree on the scale is equal to 0.005 of specific gravity, so that the specific gravity of a liquid is found, with these hydrometers, by multiplying the number of degrees indicated by 5, and adding 1000. Thus, 10° by Twaddle's hydrometer, X 5 + 1000=1.050 specific gravity. Zanetti's hydrometers, which are made at Manchester, are also sold in sets of six. "With these the specific gravity is got by adding a cipher to the number of degrees indicated. Specific gravity beads, sometimes called Lovi's beads, are hollow sealed globes of glass, about the size of small pistol-bullets. Each bead is a small hydrometer, in- tended to indicate one fixed density, by its remaining half way between the top and bottom of the liquid into which it is introduced. These beads are sold in sets, each one being marked with the specific gravity it is to indicate at a certain fixed tempera- ture. They are very useful in making mixtures of any required densities, as, for in- stance, in making test acids. Gay Lussac's alcolometre is frequently employed in France; it is adapted only for estimating the strength of spirits. The instrument is made like a common glass hydrometer, the scale of which is divided into 100 parts or degrees. The lowest division marked 0, at the bottom of the scale, denotes the specific gravity of pure water at a temperature of 15° cent., and the highest division, at the top of the scale, the specific gravity of absolute alcohol at the same temperature. The intermediate degrees indicate the number of volumes of absolute alcohol in 100 volumes of the spirit tried. The instrument is accompanied by a table for correcting the numbers marked on the scale, when it is used at any other temperature than that of 15° cent. Siketfi hydrometer is used exclusively in the collection of the spirit revenue. It consists of a spherical ball or float, and an upper and a lower stem made of brass ; the upper stem has ten principal divisions, numbered 1, 2, 3, &c. ? which are each subdi- 24 INTRODUCTION. — * — vided into five parts; the lower stem is made conical, and has a pear-shaped loaded bulb at its lower extremity. There are nine movable weights, having the form of circular discs, and numbered 10, 20, 30, and so on to 90. Each of the circular weights is cut into its centre, so that it can be placed on the inferior conical stem, and slid down to the bulb; but, in consequence of the enlargement of the cone, they cannot slip off at the bottom, but must be drawn up to the thin part for this purpose. The instru- ment is adjusted to strong spirit, specific gravity .825, at 60° Fahr., this being reckoned as standard alcohol. In this spirit, the instrument floats at the first division, 0, or zero, without a weight. In weaker spirit, having a greater density, the hydro- meter will not sink so low ; and, if the density be much greater, it will be necessary to add one of the weights to cause the entire immersion of the bulb of the instrument. Each weight represents as many principal divisions of the stem as its number indi- cates : thus, the heaviest weight, marked 90, is equivalent to 90 divisions of the stem, and the instrument with this weight added floats at in distilled water. As each principal division on the stem is divided into five, the instrument has a range of 500 degrees between standard alcohol, specific gravity .825, and water. In using this in- strument, it is immersed in the spirit, and pressed down by the hand to 0, till the whole divided part of the stem be wet. The force of the hand required to sink it will be a guide in selecting the proper weight. Having taken one of the circular weights, which is necessary for this purpose, it is slipped on the conical stem. The instrument is again immersed, and pressed down as before to 0, and is then allowed to rise and settle at any point of the scale. The eye is then brought to the level of the surface of the" spirit, and the part of the stem cut by the surface, as seen from below, is marked. The number thus indicated by the stem is added to the number of the weight employed, and with this sum at the side, and the temperature of the spirits at the top, the strength per cent, is found in a table which accompanies the hydrome- ter. The strength is expressed in numbers denoting the excess or deficiency per cent. of proof spirit in any sample; and the number itself, having its decimal point removed two places to the left, becomes a factor, whereby the gauged contents of a cask or vessel of such spirit being multiplied, and the product being added to the gauged con- tents if over proof, or deducted from it if under proof, the result will be the actual quantity of proof spirit contained in such cask or vessel. Dicas's hydrometer is similar in construction to Sikes's ; and it is used in a similar manner, with the same result, indicating the relation of the spirit tried to standard proof spirit. It is the practice in commerce to designate the strength of spirit as so many degrees above or below proof, the government having fixed upon what is called proof spirit as the standard in comparison with which the strength of all spirit shall be estimated. The term proof is said to have been derived from the ancient practice of trying the strength of spirit by pouring it over gunpowder in a cup, and then setting fire to the spirit; if, when the spirit had burned away, the gunpowder exploded, the spirit was said to be over proof: if, on the other hand, the gunpowder failed to ignite, in conse- quence of the water left from the spirit, it was said to be under proof . The weakest spirit capable of firing gunpowder in this way was called proof spirit : but it requires a spirit nearly of the strength of what is now called rectified spirit to stand this test. The standard proof spirit of the excise is defined by law (56 Greo. III. cap. 140) to be " that which, at a temperature of 51° by Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighs exactly twelve-thirteenth parts of an equal measure of distilled water." This will have a spe- cific gravity of .923 at 51° Fahr., or about *.920 at G0° Fahr. The standard alcohol of the excise is spirit, the specific gravity of which is .825 at 60° Fahr. By "spirit 60 degrees over proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of 'which, added to 60 measures of water, will form standard proof sjn'rit, sp. gr. 920. By "spirit 10 de- grees under proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, mixed with 10 measures of standard alcohol, sp. gr. .825, will form standard proof spirit. Saccharometers, which are hydrometers intended for determining the density of syrups, are usually made and graduated in the same manner as Baume's acidometers, and differ only from these in being made smaller ; but the scale is sometimes graduated to indicate the proportion of sugar in the solution. INTRODUCTION. 25 The urinometer is a small hydrometer, originally suggested by Dr. Prout, for esti- mating the density of urine. The scale is divided into 60 degrees, the zero being the point at which it floats in distilled water. The numbers on the scale, added to 1000, the assumed sp. gr. of water, give the specific gravities at the respective points ; thus, supposing the number cut by the surface of the liquid to be 80, this indicates a sp. gr. 1030. The letters H. S., on the back of the scale, signify healthy standard, which ranges from 10° to 20° of the scale. The elaeometer is a very delicate glass hydrometer, intended for testing the purity of olive oil or oil of almonds, by determining* their densities. The or zero of the scale is the point at which the instrument floats in oil of poppy seeds. The point at which it floats in pure olive oil is made the 50th degree, and the space between these two points is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered accordingly. It floats at 38 or 38^° in pure oil of almonds. The following tables have been drawn up for the purpose of showing the relations between the indications afforded by some of the foregoing instruments. Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume s Hydrometer for Liquids heavier than Water. Sp. gr. B aume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp.gr. Baume. Sp. gr. 3aume. 1.000 = = 1.116= = 15 1.264 = = 30 1.454 = =45 1.714= = 60 1.007 1 1.125 16 1.275 31 1.470 46 1.736 61 1.014 2 1.134 17 1.286 32 1.485 47 1.758 62 1.022 3 1.143 18 1.298 33 1.501 48 1.779 63 1.029 4 1.152 19 1.309 34 1.526 49 1.801 64 1.036 5 1.161 20 1.321 35 1.532 50 1.823 65 1.044 6 1.171 21 1.334 36 1.549 51 1.847 66 1.052 7 1.180 22 1.346 37 1.566 52 1.872 67 1.060 8 1.190 23 1.359 38 1.583 53 1.897 68 1.067 9 1.199 24 1.372 39 1.601 54 1.921 69 1.075 10 1.210 25 1.384 40 1.618 55 1.946 70 1.083 11 1.221 26 1.398 41 1.637 56 1.974 71 1.091 12 1.231 27 1.412 42 1.656 57 2.002 72 1.100 13 1.242 28 1.426 43 1.676 58 2.031 73 1.108 14 1.252 29 1.440 44 1.695 59 2.059 2.087 74 75 Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume" s Hydrometer for Liquids lighter than Water. Sp. gr. Baame. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp.gr. Baume. 1000 = = 10 0.936 = = 20 0.880= = 30 0.830 = = 40 0.785=50 0.993 11 0.930 21 0.874 31 0.825 41 0.781 51 0.986 12 0.924 22 0.869 32 0.820 42 0.777 52 0.980 13 0.918 23 0.864 33 0.816 43 0.773 53 0-973 14 0.913 24 0.859 34 0.811 44 0.768 54 0.967 15 0.907 25 0.854 35 0.807 45 0.764 55 0.960 16 0.901 26 0.849 36 0.802 46 0.760 56 0.954 17 0.896 27 0.844 37 0.798 47 0.757 57 0.948 18 0.890 28 0.839 38 0.794 48 0.753 58 0.942 19 0.885 29 0.834 39 0.789 49 0.749 59 0.745 60 INTRODUCTION. TEMPERATURES TO BE OBSERVED IN CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS. In the fermentation of saccharine solutions, the highest temperature should not e*xceed 86° (Thomson). The lowest temperature at which they will ferment is 38° (Thomson). The process of acetous fermentation is best conducted at a temperature of about 86°. The temperature requisite to coagulate albumen varies with the state of dilution. If the quantity of albumen be so great that the liquid has a slimy aspect, a heat of 145° or 150° suffices, but in a very dilute condition boiling is required (Fownes). In the London and U. S. Pharmacopoeias: When a boiling heat is directed, a temperature is meant of 212° Fahr. When a gentle heat is directed, a temperature is meant of from 90° to 100°. The specific gravities of substances ordered in the London Pharmacopoeia are to be taken at a temperature of 62°. A water bath is that by which any substance contained in a proper vessel is exposed either to hot water, or the vapor of boiling water. A sand bath is made of sand, to be gradually heated, in which anything is placed contained in a proper vessel. Syrups are to be kept in a place where the temperature never exceeds 55°. Vegetables, shortly after they have been gathered, those excepted which ought to be fresh, are to be lightly strewed, and dried as quickly as possible with a gentle heat (90° to 100°). They are to be kept afterwards in proper vessels, excluded from the access of light and moisture. In the Dublin Pharmacopoeia: By the term superior heat is meant some degree between 200° and 212°. When a medium heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 100° and 200°. When an inferior heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 90° and 100°. In the process of digestion, an inferior heat is to be applied, unless it should be otherwise directed. In the process of maceration, a heat should be applied between 60° and 90°. In the Dublin, Edinburgh, and U. S. Pharmacopoeias : Whenever mention occurs of the specific gravity of any body, its temperature is supposed to be at 60°. HYDROMETRICAL EQUIVALENTS. Sp. gr. at 60o Fah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp. gr. Water. By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard ale. sp. gr. 825 Sikes. Baun.e. Cartier. Per cent, of alcohol, sp.gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac. 796 100 46.5 43.48 100 797 99.5 .5 99.75 798 99 1 46 43.06 99.50 799 98.67 1.33 99.25 800 98.33 1.67 99 801 98 2 98.75 802 97.67 2.33 45 42.14 98.50 803 97.33 2.67 42 98.28 804 97 3 98.15 805 96.67 3.33 98 806 96.33 3.67 97.80 806.5 96.17 3.83 44 41.22 97.70 INTRODUCTION. 27 Sp. gr. at 60O Fah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp. gr. Water. 796. By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard ale. sp. gr. 825. Sikes. Baume. Cartier. Per cent, of alcohol, sp.gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac. 807 96 4 97.60 808 95.5 4.5 41 97.40 809 95 5 97.29 809.5 94.89 5.10 97.10 810 94.67 5.33 97 811 94.33 5.67 43 40.34 96.75 812 94 6 96.50 813 93.67 6.33 40 96.25 814 93.33 6.67 96 815 93 7 95.75 816 92.5 7.5 42 39.40 95.50 817 92 8 95.25 818 91.67 8.33 95 818.6 91.5 8.5 39 94.90 819 91.33 8.67 94.75 820 91 9 94.50 821 91.5 9.5 41 38.46 94.25 822 90 10 94 823 89.67 10.33 38 93.75 824 89.33 10.67 93.50 825 89 11 1000 63 O. P. 40 37.55 93.25 826 88.5 11.5 993 62 93 827 88 12 988.5 61.5 37 92.6 828 87.67 12.33 984 61 39.5 92.3 829 87.33 12.67 979.5 60.5 39 36.63 91 830 87 13 975 60 91.7 831 86.5 13.5 970.5 59.5 38.5 36.17 91.35 832 86 14 966 59 36 91 833 85.67 14.33 961.5 58.3 90.65 834 85.33 14.67 957 58 38 35.72 90.3 835 85 15 953 57.5 90 836 84.67 15.33 949 57 37.5 35.26 89.7 837 84.33 15.67 944.5 56.5 89.35 837.6 84.25 15.75 942.5 56.3 35 89.20 838 84 J 6 940 56 89 839 83.5 16.5 936 55.5 37 34.80 88.75 840 83 17 932 55 88.5 841 82.67 17.33 928 54.5 36.5 88.25 842 82.33 17.67 924 54 34.94 88 843 82 18 920 53.5 34 87.65 844 81.67 18.33 916 53 36 33.88 87.3 845 81.33 18.67 912 52.5 87 846 81 19 908 52 86.7 847 80.5 19.5 903 51 36.5 33.42 86.35 848 80 20 898 50 86 849 79.67 20.33 893 49.5 85.65 850 79.33 20.67 888 49 35 33 85.3 851 79 21 883 48.5 85 852 78.5 21.5 878 48 34.5 32.43 84.7 853 78 22 873 47.5 84.35 854 77.5 22.5 868 47 84 855 77 23 862.5 46.5 34 32.04 83.65 856 76.5 23.5 857 46 83.3 28 INTRODUCTION. Sp. gr. at D03 Pah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp. gr. Water. 796. By weight. J 1000 parts coatain of standard ale. sp. gr. 825. Sikes. Baume. Cartier. Per cent, of alcohol, sp. gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac. 857 76 24 853 45.5 O. P. 33.5 31.58 83 858 75.67 24.33 849 45 82.7 859 75.33 24.67 844.5 45 82.35 860 75 25 840 45 33 31.13 82 861 74.67 25.33 836.5 44.5 31 81.7 862 74.33 25.67 833 44 81.3 862.5 74.16 25.84 830.5 43.75 32.5 30.76 80 863 74 26 828 43.5 80.8 864 73.5 26.5 823 43 80.3 865 73 27 818 42.5 32 30.21 79.95 866 72.5 27.5 813 42 79.6 867 72 28 810 41 79.3 867.5 71.83 28.17 808.5 40.5 31.5 29.78 79.15 868 71.67 28.33 807 40 79 869 71.33 28.67 802.5 39.5 78.65 870 71 29 798 39 31 29.29 78.3 871 70.5 29.5 792.5 38.5 78 872 70 30 787 38 29 77.7 873 69.5 30.5 781.5 37 30.5 28.83 77.35 874 69 31 776 36 77 875 68.67 31.33 772 35 76.5 876 68.33 31.67 768 34 30 28.38 76 877 68 32 762.5 33 75.65 877.5 67.75 32.25 759.25 32.5 28 75.5 878 67.5 32.5 757 32 75.3 878.5 67.25 32.75 753.75 31.5 29.5 27.91 75 879 67 33 751.5 31 74.8 880 66.5 33.5 746 30 74.3 881 66 34 742 29.5 29 27.44 74 882 65.5 34.5 738 29 73.7 883 65 35 733.5 28.5 27 73.35 883.5 64.83 35.17 731.25 28.25 28.5 26.99 73.17 884 64.67 35.33 729 28 885 64.33 35.67 724 27.5 72.5 886 64 36 719 27 28 26.53 72 887 63.67 36.33 714 26 71.5 888 63.33 36.67 709 25 71 889 63 37 704 24.5 27.5 26.07 70.65 890 62.5 37.5 699 24 70.3 891 62 38 694 23 69.8 892 61.5 38.5 689 22 27 25.61 69.3 893 61 39 644.5 21 69 894 60.67 39.33 680 20 68.7 895 60.33 39.67 675.5 19.5 68.35 895.5 60.16 39.84 673.25 19.25 26.5 25.15 68.17 896 60 40 671 19 25 68 897 59.5 40.5 666.5 18 67.65 898 59 41 662 17 26 24.69 67.3 899 58.5 41.5 655.5 16 67 900 58 42 649 15 66.7 900.5 57.75 42.25 647 14.75 25.5 24.23 66.52 901 57.5 42.5 645 14.5 66.35 901.5 57.25 42.25 643 14.25 24 66.17 INTRODUCTION. 29 Sp. gr. at 603 Fah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp.gr. Water. 796. By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard, ale. sp. gr. 825. Sikes. Baume. Cartier. Per cent, of alcohol, sp.gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac. 902 57 43 641 14 O. P. 66 903 56.5 43.5 636 13 25 23.77 65.5 904 56 44 631 12 65 905 55.5 44.5 626 11.5 64.5 906 55 45 621 11 24.5 23.31 64 907 54.5 45.5 616.5 10.5 63.65 908 54 46 612 10 23 63.3 909 53.5 46.5 607 9 24 22.85 62.65 910 53 47 602 8 62.3 911 52.5 47.5 595.5 7.5 61.9 912 52 48 591 7 23.5 22.39 61.5 913 51.67 48.33 586 6 61 914 51.33 48.67 581 5 60.5 915 51 49 576 4 23 21.94 60 916 50.5 49.5 571 3 59.6 917 50 50 560.5 2 59.3 918 49.67 50.33 562 1 22.5 21.48 59 919 49.33 50.67 554 .5 58.5 920 49 51 550 Proof 58 921 48.5 51.5 545 1 U. P. 22 21.02 57.5 922 48 52 540 2 57 923 47.5 52.5 535.5 3 21.5 20.56 56.5 924 47 53 531 4 56 925 46.5 53.5 526 5 55.5 926 46 54 521 6 21 20.10 55 927 515.5 6.5 928 45 55 510 7 54 929 44.5 55.5 505 8 53.5 929.5 44.25 55.75 502.5 8.5 20.5 19.64 53.25 930 44 56 500 9 53 931 43.67 56.33 495.5 10 52.5 932 43.33 56.67 489 11 52 933 43 57 484 12 20 19.18 51.5 934 42.5 57.5 479 13 19 51 935 42 58 472.5 14 50.5 936 41.5 58.5 468 15 19.5 18.72 50 937 41 59 462 16 49.5 938 40.5 59.5 456 17 49 939 40 60 450 18 19 18.26 48.5 940 39.5 60.5 444 19 48 940.5 39.25 60.75 441 19.5 18 47.63 941 39 61 438 20 47.25 942 38.5 61.5 432 21 18.5 17.80 46.5 943 38 62 426.5 22 45 944 37.5 62.5 421 23 45.5 945 37 63 416 23.5 18 17.35 44.75 946 36.5 63.5 411 24 44 947 36 64 399 25 17 43.5 948 35.5 64.5 397 26 17.5 16.89 43 949 35 65 389.5 27 42.25 950 34.5 65.5 382 28 41.5 951 34 66 376 29.5 17 16.43 40 952 33.5 66.5 370 31 40.5 30 INTRODUCTION. Sp. gr. at 60= Fah. 100 parts contain of Alcohol 1 sp.gr. Water. 1 79U. By weight. 1000 parts contain of standard ale. sp. gr. 825. SHces. Baunie. I Per cent, of i alcohol, Cartier. sp.gr. 796 I by volume. |Gay Lussac. 953 33 67 ! 364 32.5 U. P. 1 39.75 954 32.5 67.5 358 34 39 955 32 68 352 35 16.5 16.3 38.5 956 31.5 68.5 346 36 16 38 957 31 69 339.5 37.5 37.25 958 30 70 333 39 36.5 959 29.5 70.5 324 40.5 16 15.51 35.75 960 29 71 315 42 35 961 28.5 71.5 307.5 43.5 34.5 962 28 72 300 45 15.5 15 34 963 27 73 292.5 46.5 33 964 26.5 73.5 285 48 32 965 26 74 277.5 49.5 15 14.59 31 966 25.5 74.5 270 51 30 967 25 75 261.5 52.5 29 968 24 76 253 54 28 968.5 23.75 76.25 14.5 14.13 27.5 969 23.5 76.5 244.5 55.5 27 970 23 77 236 57 26 971 22.5 77.5 227 58.5 25 972 22 78 218 60 14 13.67 24 973 21 79 209 62 23 974 20 80 200 64 22 975 19 81 195 66 13.5 13.21 21 976 18.5 81.5 190.5 68 20 977 18 82 183.5 70 19 978 17 83 175 72 13 12.76 18 979 16 84 163 73.5 17 980 15.5 84.5 150 75 16 981 15 85 143 76 15 982 14 86 135 77 12.5 12.30 14 983 13.5 86.5 128 78.5 13 984 13 87 120 80 12 985 12.5 87.5 112 81 11.25 986 12 88 105 82 12 11.84 10.5 987 11 89 98 83.5 9.75 988 10 90 90 85 9 989 9 91 82 87 11.5 11.38 8 990 8 92 75 89 7 991 7 93 67.5 90.5 6.5 992 6 94 60 92 6 993 5.5 94.5 52.5 93.5 11 10.92 5 994 5 95 45 95 4 995 4 96 37.5 95.5 3.5 996 3.5 96.5 30 96 10.5 10.46 3 997 3 97 22.5 97 2 998 2 98 15 98 1 999 1 99 7.5 99 .5 1000 100 1 100 10 10 INTRODUCTION. 31 SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF SOME OF THE PREPARATIONS ORDERED IN THE PHARMACOPOEIAS. The London Pharmacopoeia directs the Specific Gravity to be taken at a temperature of 62 c Fahr. The Edinburgh, Dublin, and U. S. Pharmacopoeias at 60° Fahr. Ace turn Destillatum Edin. Dublin Acidum Aeeticuni London U.S. Edin. - - - - - - Dublin Dilutum - Dublin Hydrochloricum .... London, U. S. . .... Edin. .... Dublin Dilutum .... Edin. .... U.S. .... Dublin Hydrocyanicum .... Dublin Nitricuin London, U. S. - - - - Edin. Dilutum .... London, U. S. - : - - Edin. .... Dublin Phosphoricuin Dilutum ... London Sulphuricum London, U. S. Edin. Dublin Sulphuricum venale ... - Dublin Sulphuricum Dilutum ... London .... Edin. U. S. .... Dublin iEther Nitrosus Dublin Sulphuricus London, U. S. Edin. Dublin Alcohol London U.S. Edin. - Dublin Dilutum U.S. Aqua Destillata L. E. D. Ammoniae Edin. Dublin Acetatis Edin. Dublin Ammoniac Carbonatis .... Dublin Barytae Muriatia Dublin Calcis Muriatis Dublin Aqua Potassae Edin. Dublin Carbonatis Dublin Potassii Sulphureti Dublin Sodae Carbonatis - - - -" Dublin Sp. gr. 1.005 1.005 1.048 1.063 to 1.068 1.074 1.005 1.160 1.170 1.160 1.050 1.046 1.080 .998 1.500 1.500 1.080 1.077 1.280 1.064 1.845 1.845 1.845 1.850 1.110 1.090 1.084 0.900 0.750 0.735 0.766 0.815 0.835 0.796 0.810 0.935 1.000 0.960 0.950 1.011 1.011 1.090 1.230 1.202 1.072 1.080 1.320 1.117 1.024 32 INTRODUCTION. Sp. gr. Liquor Ammonias London 0.960 Fortior London, U. S. 0.882 Plumbi Diacetatis London 1.260 Potassas London 1.063 Carbonatis ... - London 1.473 Oleum iEthereum London 1.05 U.S.' 1.096 Spiritus iEthereus Nitrosus .... Dublin 0.850 JEtheris Nitrici London, U.S. 0.834 ■ Edin. 0.847 Sulphurici .... Edin. 0.809 Ammonias London 0.860 ■ - - - - - - U.S. 0.831 Aromaticus - London 0.914 Foetidus .... London 0.861 Rectificatus London 0.838 Edin. 0.838 Dublin 0.840 Tenuior London 0.920 Edin. 0.912 Dublin 0.919 Tinctura Ferri Sesquichloridi ... - London 0.992 RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT THERMOMETRICAL SCALES. The thermometer always used in this country is that of Fahrenheit; it is also used in parts of Germany. In this instrument, the range between the freezing and boiling points of water is divided into 180°, and as the greatest possible degree of cold was supposed to be that produced by mixing snow and salt together, it was made the zero. Hence, the freezing point became 32°, and the boiling point 212°. The Centigrade thermometer places the zero at the freezing point of water, and divides the range between the freezing and boiling points into 100°. This scale has long been used in Sweden, under the title of Celsius's thermometer, and is generally adopted on the Continent. Reaumur's thermometer, which was formerly used in France, divides the space between the freezing and boiling points of water into 80°, and places the zero at the freezing point. It is now little employed. Le Lisle's thermometer is used in Russia. The graduation begins at the boiling point, and increases towards the freezing point. The boiling point is marked 0°, and the freezing point 150°. To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit. Rule. — Multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. Cent. Fahr. Thus, 40 x 9 ~ 5 + 32 = 104. To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade. Rule. — Subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. Fahr. Cent Thus, 104 — 32 x 5-?- 9 = 40. To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit. Rule. — Multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. Reaumur. Fahr. Thus, 32 X 9 H- 4 + 32 = 104. INTRODUCTION. 33 To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur. Rule. — Subtract 32, multiply by 4, and divide by 9. Fahr. Reaum. Thus, 104 — 32 x 4^9 = 32. To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade. Rule. — Multiply by 5, and divide by 4. Reaum. Cent. Thus, 32 x 5-f-4 = 40. To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Reaumur. Rule. — Multiply by 4, and divide by 5. Cent. Reaum. Thus, 40 x 4-h5 = 32. EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS OCCURRING IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULA. R. Recipe — Take. F. S. A. Fiat secundum artem — Let it be made or prepared according to the rules of the art. M. Misce— Mix. M. S. D. Misce, signa, da — Mix the medicine, and deliver it afterwards, with the requisite instruction, to the patient (or nurse) in writing. M. F. P. Misce fiat pulvis — Mix to form a powder. M. F. Mixt. Misce fiat mixtura — Mix to form a liquid mixture. M. F. Pil. Misce fiant pilulas— Mix to form pills. Div. Divide — Divide. Sol. Solve — Dissolve. Fasc.j. Fasciculus — An armful. Man.j. Manipulus — A handful, a gripe. Pugil. j. Pugillus or Pugillum — A pinch. Cyat. j. Cyathus — A glassful. Cochl. j. Cochlear or cochleare — A spoonful. G-utt. Gutta — Drop. No. 1, 2, 3, &c. The number of pieces or parts. Ana, or aa. Of each. P. Ae. Partes sequales — Equal parts. Q. S. Quantum sufiicit — As much as will suffice. Q. L. Quantum libet — As much as you like. Q. V. Quantum volueris — As much as you like. ft. Libra — A pound. 3. Uncia — An ounce. 5- Drachma — A drachm or dram. 9- Scrupulus — A scruple. Gr. Granum — A grain. Pil. Pilula— A pill. Pot. Potio — A potion. Pulv. Pulvis — A powder. Tine. Tinctura — A tincture. Ext. Extractum — An extract. Chart. Chartula — A small paper. Collyr. Collyrium — An eye water. Collutor. Collutorium — A mouth wash. Cong. Congius — A gallon. 0. Octarius — A pint. 34 INTRODUCTION. fg. Fluicluncia — A fiuidounce. f5- Flui drachma — A fluidrachm. rri. Minimum — A minim. Decoct. Decoction — A decoction. Garg. Gargarisnia — A gargle. Haust. Haustus — A draught. Infus. Infusum — An infusion. Mass. Massa — A mass. Mist. Mistura — A mixture. Ss. Semis — A half. The use of the Latin language for prescriptions and for the accompanying directions is universal in Europe, except in France, where, although the prescription itself may be in Latin, the directions are usually given in French ; this is also the case in the United States, where few, if any, physicians give the directions for the use and mode of administration of a formula in any other language than English. As, however, it often becomes of importance to refer to the prescriptions of foreign practitioners, the following table, from Mowbray's Conspectus, is introduced : — A VOCABULARY Of the Words most frequently occurring in the Prescriptions of Physicians. A. A, aa, or ana, of each ingredient ; more promptly expressed by the genitive case plural (singulorum) of each ; for instance : R. — Aquae cinnamon, tinct. rhei, aa Jij, means Take of cinnamon-water, and tincture of rhubarb, of each two drachms. Abdomen, the belly. Gen. — inis, of the belly. Dat. — ini, to the belly. Absente febre, while the fever is off. Accurate (adverb), accurately. Accurate pensi, weighed with the utmost exactness. Accurate misceantur, mix very completely. Aciditas, sharpness. Ad gratam aciditatem, make it just acid enough to be palatable, and not to sour. Acme, the height of a fever or any other disease. Ad, to. Ad duas vices, at twice taking. Ad libitum, as you like. Adde, add. Addantur, let there be added. Addendus, to be added. Addendo, add- ing. Admoveatur, let there be applied — antur, plural, when more than one is to be applied. Adstante febre, while the fever is on. iEger, a sick person, a patient. iEgra, a female patient. Aggrediente febre, when the fever is coming on. Aggressus, an attack. Aggressus febris, the attack of a fever. Agitato vase, shaking the phial. Albus, white. Aliquot, some. Aliquoties, sometimes. Alter, altera, alteram, the other. Alternus, alternate. Alternis horis, every second hour. Alternis diebus, every alter- nate day. Aluta, leather. Extende super alutam mollem, spread on soft leather. Alvus, the belly, the bowels. Adstricta alvo, when costive. Amplus, large. Cochleare amplum, a tablespoonful. Ante, before. Ut ante, as before. Antemeridianus, in the forenoon ; any time before twelve o'clock at noon. Apparatus, any sort of preparation, instruments, or, in short, everything that is re- quisite to be had in readiness for performing any sort of operation. Also, the more delicate term for a bladder and pipe for Aperiens, opening, gently purging. Applicetur, let there be applied. INTRODUCTION. 35 Aqua, water. Aquas, of water. Aqua bulliens, Aqua fervens, boiling water. Armatus, armed. Fistula armata, an apparatus for clysters; a pipe and bladder. Auris, the ear. Auri ; to the ear. Aures, ears. Auribus, to the ears. Aut, or. B. Bene, well. Bibat, let him drink. Biduum, two days. Omni biduo vel tridu6, every two or three days. Bihorium, the space of two hours. Omni bihorio, every two hours. Bis, twice ; bis, terve, twice or thrice. Bullio, to boil ; bulliens, boiling. Aquae bullientis, of boiling water. Bulliant, let them boil. C. Calefactus, made warm. Capiat, let (the patient) take. Capt. cochl. iij magn., three tablespoonfuls to be taken. Catharticus, purging. Caute, cautiously. Cerevisia, beer. Cerevisia Londinensis, porter. Charta, paper. Charta caerulea, blue paper. Chartula, a little piece of paper. Cola trans chartam, filter through paper. Cibus, food. Circa, about. Circiter, about. Citd, soon, quickly. Citissime (the superlative degree), as quick as possible. Clausus, clausa, clausum, covered. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. Cochleare, a spoonful. Coehlearia, spoonfuls. Coch. magnum, amplum, a table- spoonful. Co. infantulorum, coch. modicum, child's spoonful, a dessertspoonful. Co. parvum, a teaspoonful. Coctio, a boiling. Sub finem coctionis, towards the end of the boiling, when almost boiled. Caeruleus, blue. Charta cgerul., blue paper. Unguentum casruleum, mercurial oint- ment. Cola (imperat. of Colo), strain, to filter. Colatus, strained, filtered. Colato liquori, to the strained liquor. Colatura, a straining. Colaturas, to the strained liquor. Colatus, let be strained. Colentur, let them be strained. Collum, a neck. Comp., Compositus, compound. Continuo, to continue. Continuantur remedia, go on with the same medicines as last prescribed. Contundo, to bruise. Contusus, bruised. Contusio, a bruise, a contusion. Coquo, to boil. Coque, boil. Coque parum, boil a little while. Coquantur, let them be boiled. Cor, the heart. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. Coxa, coxendix, the hip. Cras, to-morrow; c. m., eras mane, early to-morrow morning; c. m. s., eras mane sumendus, to be taken early to-morrow morning. Crastinus (adj.), of to-morrow. In usum crastinum, for to-morrow's use. Cribrum, a sieve. Trans cribrum, through a sieve. Cujus, of which. Cujus capiat, or sumat, of which (the patient is to) take. Cum, with. Cyathus, a cup. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. Cyath. thcat, a teacup full. D. Da, give. Detur, dentur (plural), let be given. De, of. Be quo, or qua, of which. Dc die, in a day. INTRODUCTION. Deauratus, gilt. Deaurentur pilulae, let the pills be gilt. Debilitas, weakness. Decern, ten. Decimus, the tenth. Debitus, due. Ad debitam spissitudinein, to a proper degree of thickness, as to con- sistence. Decubitus, lying down. Hora decubitus, at bedtime. Deglutio, to swallow. Deglutiatur, is swallowed — etur, let be swallowed. Dein, deinde, then; afterwards. Dejectio, a depositing, or putting down, also a going to stool; as, post duas dejectiones alvi, after two motions. Dejitio, to deposit. Donee alvus bis dejiciat, until the patient shall have had two stools. Dexter, the right. Manus dextra, the right hand. Auri dextro, to the right ear. Dictus, spoken of, said. Dies, a day. Die, in a day ; as, bis die, twice a day. Diebus, in days ; as, tertiis diebus, every third day. Alternis diebus, every alternate day. Dilutum, diluted. Dimidium, the half. Dimidius, a, um (adjective), half. D.P., Directione propria, with its proper direction. Diu, a long time. Tere diu, rub for a long time. Diuturnus, long continued. Diuturna trituratione, by long-continued rubbing, or grinding in the mortar. Diuturna coctione, by long boiling. Dolor, pain. Dolores, pains. Doloris, of the pain. Dolens, pained. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. Donee, until. Dum, whilst. Durante dolore, while the pain continues. E. Eadem, eandem, the same. Eodem, in the same. Effunde, pour out. EfFervescentia, the effervescence. Effervescet, effervesces. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. Enema, a clyster. Enemata, clysters. Erit, shall be. Evanesco, evanui, to disappear. Evanuerit, shall have disappeared. Exhibe, exhibeatur, give. Exhibendus, to be given. Extendo, to extend, also to spread. Extende super alutam, spread it on leather. Extensus, a, um, spread. F. Fac, make. Fac in pilulas xij, make into twelve pills. Farina, flour. Farina seminis lini, linseed meal. Febris, a fever. Febre durante, while the fever is on. Femur, a thigh. Femoribus, to the thighs. Femoribus internis, to the inner sides of the thighs. Fervens, boiling. Fervidus fervida, hot. Ferventis, of boiling. R aq. ferventis, take of boiling water. Finis, the conclusion. Sub finem coctionis, when almost boiled enough. Fiat, make (the singular number). Fiant, make (plural). Fontana, fountain. Aqua fontana, spring water. Formula, prescription. Fotus, a fomentation. Fuerit, shall have been; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a motion is (or shall have been) procured. G. Gargarisma, a gargle. Gelatin a, jelly. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Gelatina quo vis, any sort of INTRODUCTION. 37 Globulus, a little ball. G-lobuli Gascoigni, Gascoign's ball. Donee globuli evanue- rint, until the globules (of quicksilver) totally disappear (so that they cannot be seen even with a microscope). Gradatim, by slow degrees. Gratus, grata, gratuin, agreeable, pleasant. Ad gratam aciditatem, so as to make it pleasantly acid without being too sour. In quovis grato vehiculo, in any agreeable vehicle. Gutta, a drop. Guttse, drops. Guttas, drops. Guttatim, drop by drop. H. Hac, this. Hac nocte, this night. Hanc, this. Sumat hanc, let him take this. Hactenus, hitherto, heretofore, up to the present day. Harum, of these. Harum pilularum sumat tres, of these pills let him or her take three. Haustus, a draught. Hebdomada, a week. Heri, yesterday. Ut heri, as yesterday. Hesternus, of yesterday. Hesterna nocte, last night. Hirudo, a leech. Hirudines, leeches. His, in these, to these. His adde, add to these. Hora, an hour. Horse, of an hour. Horse (plural), hours. H.S. (hora somni), at the hour of rest. H.S.S. (hora somni sumendus), to be taken at bedtime. Hora decubitus, at the hour of going to rest, bedtime. Hora vespertina, in the evening. Horse unius spatio, in the space of one hour. Horse £, horse quadrante, quarter of an hour. Horis intermediis, at intermediate hours, when two medicines are to be taken. Horis intermediis means that one is to be given exactly at midtime from the other: suppose a draught is ordered (to be taken every six hours), and a powder horis intermediis, that is every six hours intermediately, then a draught will be taken at six o'clock and at twelve, and a powder at three and at nine. Hujusmodi, of this sort, like these. H. p. n., Haustus purgans noster, a formula of purging draught made according to a practitioner's own private Pharmacopoeia, and is prepared so as to keep a long time without spoiling, that we may not have the trouble of preparing it every time a draught is wanted. Mitt. H. p. n. ^ij ad ij Vices c. m. s. Mitte Haustus purgantis nostri uncias duas, ad duas Vices eras mane sumendus; send two ounces of our purging draught, to be taken to-morrow morning, at twice, that is half at first, and the remaining half in an hour if the first do not operate. I. Idoneus, proper, appropriate. Idem, eadem, the same. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. Imponatur (sing.), let there be put on — nantur (plural). Imprimis, first. In, in. In die, in a day. Indies (an adverb), every day, daily. Indicaverit, shows, indicates. Infusio, infusum, an infusion. Infunde, infundatur, infuse. Inter, between. Injcctio, injection. Inquietudo, restlessness. Ungente inquietudine, if restless. Injiciatur, throw in, throw up. Injiciatur enema, let a clyster be administered. 38 INTRODUCTION. Injiciendus, injicienduni, to be administered. Instar (an adverb), as big as. Sumat molem instar mucis moschatae, the bigness of a nutmeg to be taken. Intermedins, intermediate. Internus, the inner side. J. Jam, already. Jampridem, jamdudum, some time ago, heretofore. Jugulum, the throat. Jusculum, broth. Jusculum ovillum, mutton broth. Jus bovinum, beef tea. Juxta, near to. L. Lac, milk. Lactis, of milk. Lacte, in milk. Laevigatas, levigated. Lana, flannel. Lana nova, new flannel. Languor, faintness, lowness. In languoribus, in the fainting fits, when low and faint. Latus, the side. Lateris, of the side. Lateri, to the side. Latus dolens, the pained side. Lateri dolenti, to the pained side. Latus, lata, latum (adjective), broad. Lectus, a bed. In lecto, in bed. Liber, a book. Libra, a pound. Libris, libras, pounds. Linteum, lint ; also linen. Liquesco, to liquefy, to melt. Donee liquescat, till it melts. Liquidus, liquid. Secies liquidae, loose stools. In quovis liquido, in any liquid. Londinensis, of London. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, the London Dispensatory. Lumborum, of the loins. Libet (a verb impersonal), it pleases. Ad libitum, just as you please. M. Magnus, magna, magnum, large. Magnum cochleare, a tablespoonful. Major, greater, larger. Cochlearia duo majora, two tablespoonfuls. Maximus, the greatest. Maxima cura, with the greatest care. Maxime, chiefly. Malleolus, the ankle. Malleolus internus, the inner ankle. Mane, in the morning. Mane primo ; valde mane, very early in the morning. Manus, a hand. Manu calefacta, with a warm hand. Massa, a mass. Massa pilularis, a mass fit for forming into pills. Matutinus, in the morning or forenoon. Mediocris, middle-sized. Pilulae mediocres, middle-sized pills. Cochleare mediocre, a dessertspoonful, a pap-spoonful, or a child's spoonful. Mediocris also means indifferent, as to quality. Medius, middle. Media nocte, in the middle of the night. Melior, melius, better. Minatur, minaretur, threatens. Minante, threatening. Minimus, very small. Cochleare minimum, a teaspoonful. Minutum,* a minute. Misce, mix. Bene misceatur, let it be well mixed. Mite, send. Mittatur (singular), let it be sent. Mittantur (plural), let them be sent. Mittatur sanguis, take blood away; i. c, bleed the patient. Mistura, mixtura, a mixture. Mitigatio, mitigation, alleviation. Donee dolor is mitigatio sit, until the pain is easier. Mitigatus, a, um, mitigated, lessened. * The word minutum, for a minute, is very barbarous Latin; we believe there is no such word ; but the right Latin for a minute, Sexagesima pars horse, is as long and as tiresome to write as " Semivitreous oxide of lead" for the simple word "Litharge." INTRODUCTION. 39 Modicus, middle-sized. Modus, a manner. Modo prsescripto, in the manner directed. Moles, a mass, a lump, a piece. Sumat molem instar nucis moschatae, let him (or her) take the bigness or size of a nutmeg. Mollis, molle, soft. Molestus, troublesome. Molestor, to trouble, to be troublesome. Molestante dolore, when the pain is troublesome. Molestante tussi, when the cough is trouble- some. Mora, delay. Sine mora, without delay. Mos, moris, manner. More solito, in the usual manner ; also, in the same manner as I am in the habit of prescribing it to other people. Mortarium, a mortar. Mortario aheneo, in the brass mortar. Mortario marmoreo, in the marble mortar. Mort. vitreo, in the glass mortar. N. Narthecium, a gallipot. Nates, the buttocks. Ne, lest, also, do not ; as, ne tradas sine nummo, do not deliver the medicine without the money. Necnon, also. Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. Ni, nisi, unless. Nihil, nothing. Nisus, an endeavor, an attempt, a straining, a motion, a straining to vomit, or go to stool. Nimis, nimium, too much. Nodulus, a little knot. Nodulo ligati, tied up in a piece of clean rag. Nomen, nominis, a name. Signetur nomine proprio, write its common name upon the label. Novem, nine. Nonus, the ninth. Novus, nova, novum, new. Novissime, very lately, the last of all. Noctc, at night. Noctes, nights. Nocte maneque, night and morning. Alternis noctibus, every second night. Nuper, lately. Nuperrime, very lately, Nucha, the nape of the neck. Nuchaa, to the nape. N.M., Nux moschata, a nutmeg. Sumat magnitudinem nucis moschatae, take the big- ness of a nutmeg. Numeri. Numbers. 7. or vij. septem, seven. or j . unus, una, unum, one. unius, of one. ij. duo, du93, two. duorum, of two. duobus, in two, to two. iij. tres, tria, three. tribus, in three, to three. trium, of three. ter, three times, iv. quatuor, four. quartus, a, um, fourth. quater, four times. v. quinque, five. quintus, fifth, vj. sex, six. sextus, sixth. septimus, seventh, septimana, or, 7 mana, a week. 8. viij. octo, eight. octavus, eighth. 9. ix. novem, nine. nonus, ninth. 10. x. decern, ten. decimus, tenth. 11. xj. undecim, eleven. 12. xij. duodecim, twelve. 20. xx. viginti, twenty. 24. xxiv. viginti quatuor, twenty-four. 40 INTRODUCTION. 0. Obstante, hindering, preventing. Occasio, occasion, opportunity. Octo, eight. Octavus, eighth. Octava quaque hora, every eighth hour. Olim, some time ago. Olla, a pot, a gallipot. Omnis, all. Omni mane, every morning. Omni hora, every hour. Omni bihorio, every two hours. Omni nocte, every night. Omni | hora, Omni quadrante horse, every quarter of an hour. Tere omnia, rub all together. Omnino, quite, wholly, entirely. Optimo, very well, as well as possible. Optimus, ma, mum, best. Opus, need, occasion. Si opus sit, or fuerit, if it be necessary. Ovillum jusculum, mutton broth. Ovum, an egg. Vitell. ovi, the yolk of an egg. Ovorum, of eggs. P. Pannus, a rag. Pannus linteus, a linen rag. Pannus laneus, Pannus e lana, a piece of flannel. Paroxysmus, a paroxysm, a fit, a convulsion fit. Pars, a part. Partes, parts. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. Partitus, parted. Partitus vicibus means that you are not to give a medicine all at once, but divide the dose according to the directions most commonly previously given; for example, if a purging or emetic draught, half or a third (as the case may be) to be taken at first, and the other half or third at a certain dis- tance of time, if the former quantity be not found sufficient to produce the desired effect. Parvus, little. Cochleare parvum, a teaspoonful. Parum, a little. Parumper, a little. Pauculum, pauxillum, paululum, a little. Pectus, the breast. Pectoris, of the breast. Pediluvium, a bath for the feet. Per, by, or through. Pergo, to go on with. Pergat in usu medicinarum, continue the medicines as before. Peractus, f completed, perfected, quite done, gone through with; as, Peracta ope- Perfectus, ( ratione emetici, after the emetic has quite done operating. Perfricetur, let it be rubbed. Perfricandus, to be rubbed. Pensus, weighed. Accurate pensi, exactly weighed. Perpetuus, perpetual. Fiat perpetuum, keep it open (when it refers to a blister). Pluvialis, also pluviatilis aqua, rain-water. Pharmacopoeia, the dispensatory. Pollex, the thumb. Pollex pedis, the great toe. Pomeridianus, postmeridianus, in the evening or afternoon, time of the day. P. R. N., Pro re nata, occasionally, according as circumstances may occur, according as the symptoms may require. Poculum, a cup. Pomum, an apple. Pomi, of an apple. Pone, behind. Pondere, by weight. Porro, moreover. Post, after. Postea, then, afterwards. P. M., Post meridiem, afternoon, in the afternoon, after twelve o'clock at noon. Potus, drink, any kind of beverage. Postulet, postulent, may require, demand. Prsecipue, especially. Prseparatus, prepared. Praeparo, to prepare. Praeparentur, let them be prepared. INTRODUCTION. 41 Primus, ma, mum, the first. Primo, first of all. Primo mane, very early in the morning. Prior, prius, the former, the first. Priusquam, before that. Pro, for. Pro re nata, p. r. n., occasionally, &e. Pro ratione, according to, or, in proportion to ; as, pro ratione setatis, according to the age of the patient. Proprius, a, um, proper. S. N. P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with its proper direction. Pruritus, an itching. Pruriens, itching. Dolichos pruriens, cowhage. Psora, the itch. Pulvis, a powder. Pulveres, powders. Pulveribus, in powders. Purificatus, a, um, purified. Pyxis, pyxidis, a pill-box, or lozenge-box. Quadrans, quadrantis, quadrante, quarter. Omni quadrante horas, every quarter of an hour. Quacum, with which. Quamprimum, as soon as possible, without the least delay. Quartus, a, um, the fourth. Quaqua, every. Quavis (foem), with any. Quater, four times. Quatuor, four. Quarta pars, a fourth part. que (at the end of any Latin word), and. Quern, quam, quod, which (the accusative case). Qui, quae, quod, which (the nominative case). Quibus, to which, with which. Quibusdam, to or with some. Cum guttis quibusdam, with a few drops. Quilibet, quaslibet, quodlibet, gen. Cujuslibet, abl. Quolibet, any. Quiescat, goes to rest, is easier. Quinque, five. Quintus, a, um, the fifth. Quinquies, five times. Quinquina (cinchona), Peruvian bark. Q. 8. — q. s., Quantum sufficiat, as much as may be sufficient. Quorum, quarum, of which. Quos, quas, which. Quocum, quacum, with which. Quovis, with any. R. Ratio, a reason, also a proportion. Pro ratione astatis, according to the age of the patient. Pro ratione doloris, according to the urgency of the pain. Baucedo, hoarseness. Recipe, take. Recipe (taken substantively), a prescription. Regio, a region (an anatomical term for certain parts of the body) ; as, regio epigas- trica, the epigastric region; regio lumborum, the region of the loins; appl. einplastr. regioni umbilicali, to the umbilical region or parts in the neighbor- hood of the navel. Rcdigo, to reduce. Redige, reduce. Rcdigetur, may be reduced. Redigatur, let it be reduced. Redactus, a, um, reduced. In pulv. redact., reduced to powder. Refrixerit — pi. int — the subjunctive future of refrigesco, to cool. Rcliquus, a, um, the rest, the remaining part. Remedium, a remedy. Continuandur rcmedia, go on with the same medicines as be- fore. Repetatur, let be repeated, repeat. Itepetendus, to be repeated. Rc^pondeo, respondent, shall have answered. Donee alvus ad sedes ij vel iij re- spondent, until two or three stools shall have been procured. Ribes, currants. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Ruber, rubra, rubrum, red. o 42 INTRODUCTION. Rubus, ida^us, raspberry. Retinendus, to be retained, or kept. _S. S.Y.Fi., Spiritus vinosus rectificatus, rectified spirit of wine. S.V., Ten, or tenuis, proof spirit. Saspe, often; sa)pius, oftener; saspissiine, very often. Saltern, at least. Sanguis, blood — inis, of blood. Sanguinis missura, blood-letting. Saphena vena, the ankle vein. Scapula, the shoulder blade. Inter scapulas, between the shoulders. Scilicet, to wit, namely. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. Secundus, a, um (adjective), second. Secundum (preposition), according to. S.A., Secundum artem, according to art; that is, you are to use your own ingenuity to do it in the most proper and scientific way. Sed, but. Sedes, a stool — plural, stools. Semi, or semis, half. Semihora, half an hour. Semi drachma, half a drachm. Sesqui, one and a half, as sesquihora, an hour and a half. Sesquiuncia, or sescuncia, an ounce and a half. Sesquidrachma, a drachm and a half. Remember well to attend to the difference of these two words, for many young men, by not knowing that sesqui means one and a half, but confounding it with semi ; have made bad mistakes. Semper, always. Semel, once. Septem, seven. Septimana, a week, seven days. Septimus, seventh. Sequens, following. Serum lactis, whey. In sero lactis vinoso, in wine whey. Serum is also the watery part of the blood which separates from the red part, or crassamentum, on standing until cold. Sex, six ; sextus, sixth. Si, if. Sive, or; whether. Signatura, a label or direction. Signetur, let it be marked, directed, written upon. S.N.P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with the name it is usually known by. Simul, together; as, terantur simul, let them be rubbed together. Simul ac, at the same time that. Sine, without. Sine mora, without delay. Singultus, hiccup. Singulus, a, um, each; in singulis, in each; singulorum, of each. Sinister, tra, train, the left. Auri sinistro, to the left ear. Satis, thirst; si sitiat, if thirsty. Solitus, accustomed. Solus, alone; only. Solutus, a, um, dissolved, also loosened; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a stool is procured. Solve, dissolve. Somnus, sleep. Hora somni, at bed-time. Spina, the spine, the backbone; also, a thorn. Spissus, thick. Spissitudo, thickness of consistence, Statim, directly, immediately. Stent, let them stand. Stet, let it stand. Sternutatorius pulvis, sneezing powder, snuff. Stupa, tow. Sub, subter, under. Sub finem coctionis, when the boiling is almost finished. Sub, INTRODUCTION. 43 prefixed to a word, implies diminution, or a process not completed; also, in many words has the same signification as the termination ish in English words, as sub-niger, blackish, not quite black. Subtepidus, lukewarm. For its meaning when applied to terms of chemistry, as subcarbonas, submurias, the pupil must study his chemical nomenclature. Subactus, a, um, subdued, dissolved. Subitus, a, um, Subitaneus, sudden. Subito (adv.), suddenly. Subtepidus, a little warm, lukewarm. Subige, dissolve it, make it unite. Subdue quicksilver with lard or balsam of sulphur. Subinde, frequently, now and then. Subtilis, subtile, reduced to fine powder. Pulv. subtilissimus, the very finest powder. Sumat, let him take. Sumatur, sumantur, let it be taken, take. Sudor, sweat. Superbibo, to drink after taking anything ; as, chamomile tea or warm water after an emetic; or a cup of water or any liquid medicine to wash down a dose of any sort of pills. Superinfundo, to pour upon. Supra, above. Supradictus, above mentioned. Syncope, a fainting fit. T. Tabellae, tabulae, lozenges. Talis, such. Sumat talem, let him take such a one as this. Talus, the ankle. Tarn, so. Tamen, yet. Tactus, the touch. Taenia, the tapeworm. Tempus, temporis, time. Tempora, the temples. Temporibus, to the temples. Tempori dextro,. to the right temple. Tempori sinistro, to the left temple. Temperies, temperamentum, temperament, degree of .heat. Tenacitas, tenacity. Ad debitam tenacitatem, of a proper degree of tenacity or con- sistence. Teneo, to hold. Tenendus, to be held. Tenuis, weak, thin, small, slender. Tepefactus, warmed, made warm. Ter, three times, thrice. Ter quaterve, three or four times. Teres, teretis, round, taper; also, teres is a name for the long and round worm infest- ing the human body, qu. d. vermis teres. Tergum, the back. A tergo, behind. Tero, to rub. Tere (imperative), rub. Terendus, to be rubbed. Terantur, let them be rubbed. Tertius, tertia, tertium, the third. Tcstacea, the prepared powders made of oyster-shells, egg-shells, crabs' claws, &c. Thorax, the chest. Thoracis, of the chest. Thus, frankincense. Tinea capitis, scald head. Torrefactus, toasted. Tres, tria, three ; tribus, in three, to three. Triduum, three days. Trituratio, a grinding. Trituratus, triturated, ground. Tritus, ground. T.O., Tinctura Opii, what is commonly called Laudanum. T.O.C., Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, called, formerly, Paregoric Elixir. This tincture is now called by the London College, in the late reform of the Pharmacopoeia, edit. 1809, Tinctura Camphorae Composita. Trans, through. Cola trans chartam, filter through filtering-paper. Tussis, a cough. Tussi molestante, when the cough is troublesome. 44 INTRODUCTION. Ultimus, ultima, urn, the last. Ultimo prescript, which was last prescribed. Umbilicus, the navel. Una (an adverb), together. Uncia, an ounce. Unciam cum semisse, an ounce and a half. Undecim, eleven. Unus, una, unum, one. Unius, of one. Uni, to one. Urgente tussi, when the cough is troublesome. Urgeo, to urge, to oppress, to be troublesome or painful. Usus, use. Pergat in usu remedioruin, continue the use of the medicine as before TJsque ad, up to, as far as. Ut, as, that, so that; in the same manner as. Utendus, to be used. Utatur, let him make use of. Uterque, utraque, utrumque, both. Utriusque, of both. Utrique, to both, to either. Admoveantur hirundines ij tempori utrique, apply two leeches to each temple. Utriuslibet, of whichever of the two, or more, the patient likes best. V. Vaccinatio, the act of inoculating for the cowpock. Variola? vaccina?, the cowpock. Vaccinum lac, cow's milk. Valde, very, very much. Valeo, to avail ; si non valeat ; if it does not answer. Variola?, the smallpox. Varicella, the chickenpox. Vas, a vessel. Vasis, of a vessel. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. Agitato vase, shaking the vessel. Ve, vel, or; either: -ve is never at the beginning, but the end, of a word. Vertebra?, the joints of the neck, back, or loins; the vertebra?, altogether, form that column of bones which is called the spine. Verus, true, real, genuine. Vena, vein. Vena saphena, the ankle vein. Vensesectio, bleeding. Fiat vena?sectio, bleed him. V. S. B., Venresectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Fiat vena?sectio in vena saphena, bleed the patient in the ankle vein — or, it may be understood, to bleed where- ever you can find the best vein at the top of the foot to get blood from. Vespere, in the evening. Vespertinus, in the evening, as hora vi a , vespertina, at six o'clock in the evening. Vehiculum, a vehicle ; that is, whatever liquid or any other eatable or drinkable we take a medicine in, as barley-water, whey, jelly, or panada, &c. Viginti, twenty. Vicesimus, vigesimus, the twentieth. Vinosus, vinarius, of wine. Cyathus vinarius, a wine-glass. Vices, turns; ad duas vices sumendus, to be taken at twice; that is, half to be taken at first, and the other half in some time after. Vicibus partitis. See Partitus in P. Vice, in the room of. Vix, scarcely, hardly. Ut vix sentiatur, so that it can scarcely be perceivable. Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. V. 0. S., Vitello ovi Solut" 1 ; dissolved in the yolk of an egg. Vitrum, a glass. Vitreus, made of glass. Vires, strength; si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. Vomitio, a vomiting. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting is troublesome. Vultus, the countenance. INTRODUCTION. 45 OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK EOOM. In the treatment of disease, as much depends on the proper management of the patient, or as it is usually called nursing, as on the remedial powers of medicines appropriate to the exigencies of the case. How many, in fact, have owed their lives to the sedulous and skillful attention of their nurse or friends, wholly independent of professional assistance ! and, on the other hand, what numbers have been sacrificed to a want of knowledge of the proper government of a sick room, in spite of the most judicious treatment on the part of the physician ! This most important subject has been strangely overlooked by both lecturers and writers on the practice of medicine. We are acquainted with but two treatises on the subject, in our language, that can be referred to with confidence — the general observations prefixed to "A Practice of Physic/' by the late Dr. Dewees, and "The 'Domestic Management of the Sick Eoom," by Dr. A. T. Thomson, of both of which we shall freely avail ourself in the following Ventilation in the Sick Eoom. Where it is possible, the room in which the patient is confined should be large and lofty, and in all cases provided with a chimney; the upper sashes of the windows should be capable of being let down, which is not always the case; in a word, the room should be of such a construction, as to permit the freest ventilation and renewal of the air without injury to the patient. Fortunately, for the comfort as well as for the benefit of the sick, a great change has taken place as regards their treatment in this respect; at one time, and that not many years since, it was considered essential to their recovery that air should be carefully excluded from their apartments, and every means was taken to accomplish this result ; but a more rational mode of treatment is now generally adopted, though physicians occasionally meet with individuals who obstinately adhere to the idea that all access of the outer air is injurious to the sick. The air of a sick chamber soon becomes impure, and must be changed by the admission of fresh air from without, and not, as is too frequently attempted, by the use of disinfecting agents in the chamber itself; which, although they may mask or destroy offensive odors, only tend to vitiate the air still more. It may be confidently asserted, that no disinfecting or fumigating agent is capable of rendering the air of a sick chamber so pure and salutary as it can be made by proper attention to cleanli- ness and free ventilation. This latter can in most cases be accomplished without risk to the patient, by proper management, and should never be neglected. It should be regulated by the season of the year, the state of the atmosphere, and the character of the disease. In winter, in consequence of the draught occasioned by the fire, a renewal of the air of the room takes place to a greater or less degree; but a sick chamber should, if possible, be heated by an open fire, and not by a stove, as the air is thus more rapidly changed, and the unpleasant emanations caused by a large surface of heated iron is obviated. The state of the weather should also influence the mode of ventilation, for it must be obvious that, if it is damp, it would be injurious, if admitted into a sick room directty or in large quantities. The character of the disease should always be considered; as a general rule, all acute affections require more ventilation than those of a chronic nature, except such as are attended with offensive discharges. No precise rules, how- ever, can be laid down on the subject of ventilation as respects the mode in which it is to be attained; this must, in a great measure, be left to the discretion and good sense of the attendants. Ventilation is especially required in infections and contagious disorders, as, in close, ill-ventilated apartments, the power of infection is greatly augmented, and is, as it were, concentrated. The, infectious miasm is greatly weakened or diluted by a free access of air, and its powers much augmented by a damp, close atmosphere. Next to ventilation, and of equal importance, is the 46 INTRODUCTION. Temperature of the Sick Room. There is a very general, but erroneous, opinion among nurses, that a sick person should be kept very warm, to prevent his taking cold, and, consequently, the tempera- ture of the chamber is maintained at a fever heat, to the great inconvenience and posi- tive detriment of the patient. The best general temperature of a sick room is from 00° to 70° F., to be regulated by the thermometer rather than by the sensations of the sick person, as these are oftentimes morbid and deceptive, but at the same time are not to be wholly disregarded; thus, where the temperature is agreeable to the sen- sations of the attendants, and the patient, notwithstanding, complains of chilliness, it should be increased a few degrees. In febrile complaints, nothing conduces more to the comfort, and nothing is more proper than a reduced temperature, as it materially aids the physician in relieving the morbid heat of the patient's body, and the increased action of the arterial system. Thus, in a patient in the hot stage of fever, it is surprising to see the almost imme- diate relief experienced by the admission of cool air into the chamber; a tranquil state ensues, replacing his former jactitation and restlessness; his skin becomes cooler; his respiration, from being hurried and laborious, becomes calm and gentle ; his pulse less frequent and active; and, in many cases, a placid and refreshing sleep conies on; or he breaks out into a general perspiration. Where, on the other hand, the temperature of the room is maintained at a tem- perature equal to, or nearly equal to that of his body, every morbid symptom will be much aggravated, and his condition rendered still more deplorable. But, whilst a moderately depressed temperature is beneficial in many diseases, it exercises a decidedly injurious effect in others; in affections of the lungs, even a slight change in the ther- mometer will often cause an attack of cough and an augmentation of the symptoms. During convalescence, the air of a sick chamber should be frequently renewed, and the temperature kept at about 60° to 65° ; but no sudden transitions permitted, as nothing is more essential than a guarded care against extremes and rapid changes of heat and cold. It is of equal importance that a proper attention should be paid to the temperature of the patient as regards the amount of his covering, for constant errors are committed by nurses in this respect. When a sick person complains of feeling cold, it is always proper to provide him with additional covering : but, if reaction takes place, and heat of skin ensues, it is seldom thought advisable by the attendants to remove any of the now superfluous clothes, "as he might take cold;" the consequence is that a febrile condition is produced, with a dry, hot skin, without a sign of perspiration. If some of the bedclothes be removed, however, this will soon make its appearance to the great relief of the patient. Every nurse should be aware that there is a sweating tem- perature, and that, when this is transcended, perspiration will not take place, and will cease if it be present. Attention to a simple rule on this point will obviate any difficulty, — to add covering when the patient complains of chilliness, and to remove it when he experiences too much heat. Cleanliness in the Sick Room. Nor is attention to cleanliness of less importance, for, although much is accomplished, in preventing a foul and offensive atmosphere, by proper ventilation, this is not suffi- cient, and is not always practicable. The observance of this is one of a nurse's most important duties; and she should be careful to remove anything that is capable of emitting an unpleasant smell, or of giving out an injurious gas, as speedily as possible. All evacuations are to be taken from the room at once, and never suffered to taint the air, under any pretence whatever. The bedclothes, as well as the personal clothing of the patient, should be changed as frequently as circumstances will allow, and no dirt suffered to accumulate in any part of the room. All articles used by the patient in taking his food, medicine, &c, should be cleaned as soon after they have been employed as possible. jMo slop-basin or slop-pail should ever be allowed to remain in a sick chamber. INTRODUCTION. 47 A patient's face and hands should be frequently wiped with a towel moistened with cold water, or vinegar and water, in all cases in which there is no danger of causing chilliness, and he should be allowed to rinse his mouth and clean his teeth, several times a-day ; when he is unable to perform the latter office for himself, it should be done by the nurse. This is very grateful to patients in fever, when the tongue is dry or coated with fur or tenacious mucus. Whilst every means of ensuring cleanliness in the sick room should be practiced, it is to be accomplished with as little noise and bustle as possible; otherwise it becomes annoying and injurious to the patient. It is not requisite that the room should be swept, nor that the furniture should be dusted, every day. What is done should always be performed in the morning, as the patient is usually better able to bear the little noise and bustle necessarily attendant on these operations, after a night's rest and quiet. When the carpet is swept, it should be sprinkled with moist tea leaves a short time previous, to prevent dust from rising. Quiet in the Sick Room. In most diseases, and especially in those attended with fever, nothing is more annoy- ing and distressing to the patient than noise ; hence, the utmost quiet should be strictly maintained. All unnecessary conversation should be avoided, as a sick room is an unfit place for gossiping. If conversation be carried on, however, it should be in such a tone of voice that the patient may comprehend it, for nothing is more injudicious or hurtful to a sick person, especially if of a nervous temperament, than the mode usually adopted by the attendants of conversing in whispers, as it leads him to imagine that it refers to something they are afraid or unwilling to communicate to him, and hence, he fatigues himself by endeavoring to ascertain the purport of conversation, or gives way to despondency; on this account, it is better that all talking that is required should be carried on in a moderate tone of voice, and not in whispers, as much less likely to disturb the patient or to excite his attention. In some cases, especially in those of a nervous character, on the contrary, cheerful conversation is of much benefit to the patient, provided it is not continued so long as to fatigue him. A great fault in many nurses is being always in a bustle, "putting things to rights," or " fixing the room," thus constantly disturbing the patient, and preventing him from sleeping; nothing is more annoying to a sick person than this bustle or this constant recurrence of noises, which, however insignificant in themselves, render him nervous and impatient, from their repetition. Most of these may be prevented by an attention to order and method on the part of the nurse. One common source of annoyance to a sick person arises from a frequent opening and shutting of his door, more especially if the lock or hinges are not in good order. In many cases, the door may be kept permanently open, and the patient protected from the light and draught of air by means of a screen. Where this cannot be done, the door should never be opened, except where it is absolutely required, and it is by all means to be avoided whilst the patient is asleep. One means of avoiding a too frequent opening and shutting of the door is to permit no person to enter the room except such as are required to assist in attendance on the patient. Examination and Preservation of the Excretions. This is of much importance in many cases, as it enables the physician to judge with some degree of certainty of the condition of the patient and of the progress of the disease. It should never be trusted to a nurse, as it is very rarely that their account can be depended upon. In all cases where the physician deems it necessary, the nurse should be directed to preserve the excretions for his inspection ; but they should never be retained in the sick room. • Administration of Medicine, &c. However skillful the physician may be, and however judicious his treatment, they are rendered perfectly nugatory, if the remedies he orders are not administered accord- 48 INTRODUCTION. ing to his directions, as the cure of the patient depends in many cases on the regular application of the prescribed remedies. It is, therefore, the duty of the attendant on the sick to follow implicitly the directions of the physician, as well in exactly complying with his orders, as in doing nothing that she has not been ordered to do. At the same time, there are exceptions to this rule, in which a suspension of the remedy, or a deviation from the order of the physician, is not only allowable, but is absolutely required. Thus, from idiosyncrasy or some other cause, the remedy in the doses ordered may have no effect, or may produce one widely different from that intended or expected. In such cases, it is evident that a strict adherence to the directions of the physician would be productive of evil ; but he should be immediately apprised of the circumstance. Nurses, however, more frequently commit errors in the administration of drinks and nourishment than in that of the prescribed medicines. In the former, they are apt to imagine that they are as good, if not better judges than the physician, and, in consequence, thwart the best directed treatment. The nurse should as scrupulously adhere to the directions of the physician as regards drink and nourishment, as with the doses and times of administration of medicines ; nor should the exhibition of food or drink be left to her discretion more than that of remedies. One error is very common, that of giving them too largely or too frequently; this should be guarded against, as far as possible, by the physician prescribing the quantity and quality of food or drink, as well as the times of giving it, with as much precision as he prescribes doses of medicine and the periods of their exhibition. In fact, in the treatment of the sick, as little as possible should be left to the discretion and judg- ment of the nurse or attendant of the patient. Furniture or a Sick Room. Where a disease is of a serious character, or appears likely to be protracted, it be- comes of importance that the chamber he is to occupy, if circumstances will admit of it, should be selected and arranged in such a manner as will most minister to his com- fort, and aid his recovery. It should, if possible, be large and airy, with a northern aspect, so as to avoid the glare of the sun; but, in towns, a room exposed to the sun is preferable to one on the street, in which the patient is constantly disturbed by the noise of passing vehicles, &c. As mentioned under the head of ventilation, it should always be provided with an open chimney, that a due circulation of air may take place. No article of furniture that is not required should be suffered to remain in the room, as the dusting and arranging it will cause unnecessary noise and bustle, annoying to the patient. Two tables are wanted in most cases : one of a small size, to stand by the side of the bed, to hold such articles as are in immediate use, as the medicines he is taking, the spoon or glass in which they are administered, &c. ; but nothing should be permitted to remain upon it, except articles frequently wanted. The other table, which should be large, and adapted for the reception of medicines not in immediate use, such as spare spoons and glasses, should contain a drawer, supplied with a roll of old and soft linen, a sponge, scissors, a spatula, a roll of muslin and one of flannel bandage, some lint, some adhesive plaster, a pincushion well supplied with pins; in fact, all such articles as may be needed. It may appear unnecessary to allude to these things; but it has happened to every medical man, to observe that, without such previous preparation, much of his time is wasted in the search for what is wanted. Where a second table is inconvenient, the top of a chest of drawers can be em- ployed instead, for bottles, glasses, &c; and one drawer should be appropriated to the reception of the various articles above enumerated ; another should contain towels, a free supply of which should always be at hand; but none are ever to be used for the reception of dirtied articles of clothing, which should always be at once removed from the room. The washstand should be provided with additional basins, one of which should be of small size; and a large "pitcher of water should be always kept in the room. If there is a looking-glass in the room, it should be placed in such a position as not to be in view of the patient. A large sofa, or a small additional bed, is constantly re- quired, as in certain cases where the patient is unable to sit up, he finds much comfort INTRODUCTION, 49 in being removed to it; it is also required when his bed is to be made. An invalid, or easy chair is also productive of much benefit in certain cases; and where it can be commanded, it should be of such a construction as will admit of changes, so as to vary the position of the patient at pleasure. What is called a French bedstead, without curtains, is the best adapted to the sick room. The four post bedstead, when used, should not be furnished with curtains, as these tend to exclude the air, and to retain smells and a vitiated atmosphere. In all cases, a mattress is preferable to a feather-bed; it may be placed over the latter, when greater softness is required. The pillows should be elastic, but so firm as not to per- mit the head of the patient to sink in them, as this prevents coolness and a due circu- lation of air. The bed-coverings should be as light as is consistent with warmth and comfort ; hence, Marseilles quilts should not be used, as from their weight they oppress the patient, without affording as much warmth as a light blanket. The change of bedclothes, and shaking up the bed or mattress, must be regulated by the character of the disease and the condition of the patient. In febrile complaints, it should be done, if the strength of the patient will admit, twice in the twenty-four hours. When there is much restlessness, it will be found advantageous to move him night and morning to a large sofa, or to another bed; this tends to promote sleep, and to insure a proper airing of the beds. When he is thus moved, the clothes of the bed he has left are to be turned down, and fully exposed to the air, which will render so frequent a change of the sheets less necessary than would otherwise be required. When there is only one bed, and in febrile diseases, the sheets which have been used at night are to be replaced by others in the morning, and freely exposed to the air during the day, and again used at night. When the patient is too much debilitated to be moved from bed to bed, he should be merely removed to the other side of his bed, and the one he has left properly arranged by changing the linen, beating up the bed, &c. ; but these changes are never to be made whilst he is in a perspiration. If a fire in the room is required, it should not be made use of to prepare the food or drinks of the patient ; this should be done elsewhere, as well to avoid the smell emitted by the heated articles, as the noise and bustle caused in their preparation. Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations, &c. As it is of the utmost importance to the patient that he should be spared all unne- cessary fatigue, some precautions are to be used to prevent this during his evacuations; and one of the duties of a nurse is to enable him to perform those offices with the least expenditure of strength. When the patient is feeble, he should never be allowed to rise to fulfil the calls of nature, and therefore a bed pan and urinal should always be provided; by means of these, the evacuations can be performed with ease, and with- out exertion. Many persons, it is true, have an aversion to using them; but this diffi- culty can generally be overcome by a proper representation of their advantages. One of the objections commonly made is that the use of a bed-pan gives them pain in the back; and this is often the case, where the patient is not properly supported; but can always be prevented by placing a pillow in the hollow of the back, before the pan is used. In the case of giving drinks or nourishment, much unnecessary fatigue may be Bpared to the patient. Owing to the form of the vessels usually employed to admin- ister drinks, without the sick person is raised in bed to receive them, much of the fluid 18 apt to be spilt on the bedclothes, to his great discomfort. Hence, a tumbler, tea- cup, or bowl should never be employed for this purpose, whei'e the patient is too feeble to raise himself without inconvenience. The sick cup, as it is called, should therefore be employed for this purpose, as it spares all fatigue, and prevents any spilling of fluid on the patient or on the clothes. When the medicine or food is taken in spoonful quantities, and in cases of nau- seous medicines to be administered to children, the medicinal spoon will be found very useful. This is a spoon with a hollow handle, with an opening at its extremity; the bowl is provided with a hinged lid, but is open at the apex. When a fluid is poured into it, and the lid closed, the pressure of the air at the opening at the end of the bowl will prevent any of the fluid escaping, as long as the orifice at the end of the 50 INTRODUCTION. handle is closed, but is projected with some force when this opening is free. By means of this contrivance, medicine or food may he conveniently administered without the patient being obliged to be raised in bed, or in spite of resistance on the part of a child. DOSE OF MEDICINES. The doses of medicinal substances, being specific as regards each other, can only be learnt by experience ; but their remedial or active powers do not always increase with an increase of the dose : thus, if a purgative dose of calomel be ten grains, an increased quantity of the medicine will not induce an equivalent increase in the purgation, though it may cause other consequences. The dose in which a medicine is given often determines its specific action ; two grains of ipecacuanha will usually quiet the sto- mach, or act as a diaphoretic, whilst thirty will produce active emesis, and, in like manner, almost every medicine displays different powers, according to the dose in which it is administered. Dr. Paris states " that powerful doses are disposed to produce local rather than gene- ral effects." This is proved by experience, in many cases, but does not hold good in all ; thus, many of the active poisons cause general effects in both large and small doses, and their virulent action is in general proportionate to the quantity taken. In most of what are termed the alterative medicines, however, the alterative action is only displayed when they are administered in small, but long-continued doses, and does not take place when they are taken in such quantities as to excite much local action. It is erroneous to suppose that a medicine is devoid of power, or does not exert an influence on the system, because no marked effect immediately follows its exhibition; for, as is observed by Dr. Barlow, "it is very possible that practitioners often err, especially in the treatment of chronic maladies, from requiring an obvious effect from each dose administered ; where it is ascertained that a medicine actually possesses inherent powers, the slow and almost imperceptible exercise of these powers should not be despised. There is often more wisdom in seconding the efforts of na- ture than in superseding them." In fully admitting the truth of this remark, we are far from advocating the doctrine of Hahnemann, or his invisible doses; nor does it, in fact, accord with his views, for he gives a long catalogue of symptoms, caused by the administration of the minutest quantity of the articles of his materia medica. So many circumstances influence the effects of medicines, that it is almost impos- sible to say what dose will produce identical effects in different individuals; but it has been sufficiently ascertained that, in the generality of patients, we may reasonably ex- pect certain results from certain doses. The circumstances that influence the action of medicines, and the doses in which they are to be given, are Age. — This exercises much influence ; the young require smaller doses of a medi- cine to produce the desired effect than an adult; and the aged, although less suscep- tible to impressions than formerly, are unable to bear any forcible shock on their sys- tem. Various formulas or tables have been published for the graduation of doses to the respective ages; but none of them are as generally adopted as that attributed to Gaubius, which is as follows : — Dose for a person in adult age being 1 drachm or 1, That for a person from 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples or f . 7 to 14 « i drachm or i. 4 to 7 (C 1 scruple or J. 4 ii 15 grains or £. 3 a 10 grains or £. 2 a 8 grains or J. 1 u 5 grains or y 1 ^. This table, although mainly correct, is often found to be erroneous, when applied to particular cases. Dr. Paris, in his Pharmacologia, gives a formula devised by Dr. Young, which is simple, and has been found to be generally correct ; this is : — For children under twelve years, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age to the age increased by twelve; thus: INTRODUCTION. 51 At two years to |, viz : 2 2 + 12 ~ 7? At 21 the full close to be given. But no scheme can be devised, founded on age alone, to which there are not many ex- ceptions. Thus, children require proportionably larger doses of castor oil or calomel to affect them than adults, whilst, and especially when very young, they are exceed- ingly susceptible to the action of opium and its preparations. Sex. — It is generally admitted that females require smaller doses of medicines than males, and, as a general rule, this may be correct; but so much depends upon habits of life, temperament, &c, that the exceptions are almost as numerous as the examples. Temperament also exercises much influence on the doses of certain articles of the materia medica ; an individual of a nervous temperament is unable to bear with impunity doses of opium that scarcely act on the phlegmatic ; the sanguineous are readily affected by the action of stimuli, &c. Idiosyncrasy, or constitutional peculiarity, has more influence than either sex or temperament on the action of medicines. Some of these anomalies are very strik- ing, and almost incredible, and evidence the necessity of particular inquiries being made by the physician of every patient with whose constitution he is unacquainted. In some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, cannot be administered without pro- ducing the most distressing symptoms ; in others, the smallest doses of calomel will cause salivation; whilst in others again it may be profusely given without inducing any effect on the salivary glands. In some persons, the mere vicinity to the poison oak (Rhus radicans) will bring on an unpleasant inflammation of the skin; whilst on other individuals this plant bas no action whatever. It is often found that copaiba will cause a peculiar eruption, and the smell of ipecacuanha induce a distressing dyspnoea. So tartar emetic will be productive of ptyalism in some individuals even when applied to the surface of the body ; blisters of cantharides will cause strangury in some patients, &c. In fact, these idiosyncrasies are so numerous that it would require a volume to notice in detail those already recorded. Habit exercises an equal influence with idiosyncrasy in modifying the action of medicines. The usual consequence of a long-continued use of any remedial or stimu- lating substance is to diminish tbe susceptibility of the organs on wbich it acts to its impression. Hence, to obtain its effects, it must be given in gradually increased quantities. In many cases, however, instead of a diminished, an increased action is caused by repetition of certain substances. Tbe influence of habit, in diminishing the susceptibility of the system to stimuli, is liable to fewer exceptions as regards vegetable than mineral substances, as may be daily remarked in the use of opium and tobacco. Dr. Christison accounts for this effect of habit in diminishing the influence of vegetable substances, by an increased power of the stomach in decomposing them; but it must also be attributed to a dimin- ished susceptibility in the nervous system to their influence. But mineral medicines appear, in almost every case, to act with increased power by repetition, though the converse has been observed in some cases. State of the System. — It is well known that, in certain deviations from a healthy or normal condition, a remarkable change is often observed in the action of remedies on the system. Thus, in severe pain, opium can be administered in doses chat cannot be borne with impunity in a state of health; but this is still more the case in tetanus, in which scruple doses, frequently repeated, have been administered without producing any marked effects. This modifying influence of disease has been noticed with regard to many other remedies, as in mercury, which can be given in large and repeated doses, in a febrile condition, without causing salivation. Where there is a diminished sensibility of a part, or a comatose condition, the pain, or irritation caused by the application of stimulating or vesicating applications, not being felt by the patient, there is a risk of inducing a sloughing and destruction of the part to which they are applied, if care be not taken to remove them in time; so, also, the application of ammonia to the nostrils, to relieve fainting, has caused violent irritation, and even 52 INTRODUCTION. inflammation of the trachea, the patient being unable, from his condition, of appreci- ating or expressing his sensations. Dr. Christison notices several fatal cases of bron- chitis from this cause. Time of Day at which medicines are administered also influences their action on the system. As a general rule, no medicine should be given soon after a meal, though, in the case of some of the irritants, as arsenic, corrosive sublimate, iodine, &c, it is often found most expedient to administer them whilst the stomach is filled with food, to avoid their local action on that organ. Dr. Paris observes, under this head: "Evacu- ating medicines ought to be exhibited late at night, or early in the morning ; thus, substances of tardy operation, as calomel, and the resinous purgatives, should be given at night, while saline purgatives, senna, &c. may be given in the morning. It would seem that during sleep the bowels are not so irritable, and, consequently, not so easily acted upon, which allows time for the full solution of the substance." In all cases, the exhibition of purgatives should be so timed that their operation may take place during the day, so as to avoid an undue disturbance of the patient at night. Other directions will be found in a subsequent part of the work. Numerous other causes exercise much influence on the action of medicines, as cli- mate, the imagination of the patient, the tissue or organ to which they are applied, &c. Nor should the variable activity of a medicine be overlooked ; this has occasioned more accidents than is generally supposed. Some remedies, and generally those of a vegetable nature, lose much of their activity by age, and, therefore, require to be given in large doses to produce the desired effect ; hence, where a physician has been induced to increase the usual dose of some article, which in a recent or unaltered state is active, and even poisonous, but, from age or other deteriorating cause, has become weakened, serious accidents may occur, if he persist in administering the same doses of a parcel which is fresh, or which is obtained from another apothecary. In such cases, the safest plan is always to commence with the usual dose of the medicine, and to gradually increase it, if this be found necessary. It should also be borne in mind that certain medicines have the power of accumu- lating in the system, or, in other words, of not displaying their usual effects when given in small and repeated doses, until a certain quantity has been taken, when, on a sudden, symptoms resembling those caused by an overdose of the article, make their appearance. This has been remarked in relation to mercury, arsenic, and several other of the metallic medicines, as well as iodine, digitalis, &c. In giving remedies of this character, the physician should always be cautious, and not repeat the dose of them too frequently, because no sensible effect is produced at the expected time. Intervals between Doses. — As every medicine produces a specific and definite action on the system, which, in most cases, continues for a certain time, and then ceases, it becomes necessary to renew or maintain the medicinal impression as long as is required to counteract the morbid condition of the system. In some cases, however, as in the case of an emetic or purgative given for the purpose of merely evacuating the stomach and bowels, the single effect produced may be suffi- cient, and no repetition of the dose is required. In most attacks of disease, on the other hand, the physician is obliged to prescribe medicines in such quantities as to produce a certain impression, and to repeat the doses at such intervals as will keep up the influence of this impression. "Where, from a want of knowledge of the time during which the remedy he has administered will continue to exercise its full action on the system, he postpones a repetition of it for too long a period, although a fresh impression is made by each dose, but little real good is the result, and, from a want of continuity in the remedial impression, no progress is made towards a cure. Hence, a physician should be acquainted with the usual duration of the action of the medicine he is administering, and order a repetition of the doses so as to keep the system under its influence. A nurse should, therefore, in all cases, follow his direc- tions implicitly, as regards the periods at which medicines are to be given, for, by in- attention to this rule, injustice is done to the physician, and, what is of more import- ance, the life of the patient is endangered. Where the diffusible stimulants are administered, especially those of an evanescent character, it is of much consequence that their influence should be kept up; and hence a neglect on the part of a nurse in giving INTRODUCTION". 53 them at the prescribed periods might cause a fatal collapse of the patient. It should be observed, however, that, except in cases where it is necessary thus to maintain the vital powers of a patient, this strict observance of the prescribed intervals between the doses of medicines is not intended to extend to the night, so as to disturb the invalid, as, in most diseases, sleep is one of the best restoratives ; but advantage is to be taken of those moments when he is awake, timing the doses as nearly as possible to the designated periods. Rules for the Administration op Medicines. — As has been stated, fluid medicines are usually administered in drops, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls, &c. — an approximative measurement, which, although not precise or accurate, is sufficiently so in most cases, though not suited to medicines of a very active nature. As the gene- rality of medicines are nauseous, it is necessary to modify, as far as possible, their disagreeable taste, which renders them so repugnant to patients, and often causes much difficulty in their administration, especially to children; but this modification must not be of such a character as to alter their properties. As regards young children, much difficulty will be obviated by the use of the medicine-spoon already described; this will also be found useful in cases of insanity, where patients refuse to take medicine or nourishment. It is often found that patients experience much difficulty in swallowing pills, espe- cially when these are of small size. The usual mode is to place the pill on the tongue, and to take a mouthful of water, when, on making an effort to swallow, both pass down the throat together; this plan is generally successful; but some persons appear to be unable to take a pill in this manner, and gorge themselves with fluid without effecting the deglutition of the pilular body; in such cases, by enveloping the pill in some bread, or some conserve or sweetmeat, so as to form a bolus, the difficulty is obviated. Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients should always be shaken up before they are administered; otherwise, the first doses will contain but little of the active ingre- dients, whilst the last portions will, on the other hand, be more powerful than was intended. Where the article administered is of a volatile nature, it should be given the moment it is poured out, and the bottle containing the remainder immediately closed. As each of the classes of medicinal articles requires the observance of certain rules to insure its full benefit, these will be briefly noticed in an alphabetical order. Acids. — These are given to fulfil various indications ; some acting as tonics, some as refrigerants, &e. As those most generally used are corrosive, they require to be diluted with some bland fluid, so as not to exercise too powerful a local action on the tissues with which they come in contact; nor should they be kept in a metallic vessel, nor given by means of a metal spoon. As most of them act on the enamel of the teeth in a very rapid and energetic manner, the mouth should be well rinsed with water after the administration of each dose; or they may be taken by being sucked up by means of a small glass tube, thus avoiding any contact with the teeth : this observation applies to many of the acid or super-salts; the usual solution of the sul- phate of quinine, which contains free sulphuric acid, is known to act on the teeth very rapidly, and, from a constant repetition of the doses, to injure them in a serious manner; and hence requires to be given with precaution. Antacids are medicines intended to neutralize an undue or morbid acidity of the stomach or intestines. Their action is chemical, and they produce an innoxious compound which takes the place of the morbid fluid that causes the uneasiness or pain. In many cases, they act most efficaciously, when an emetic or cathartic has been pre- viously administered. To obtain a permanent benefit from them, they should be combined with tonics, aromatics, &c. ; as, when given alone, the relief afforded by them is but transient. They are most advantageously administered early in the morning, or some time previous to a meal during the day. When the salt resulting from the union of the antacid and the morbid acid is purgative, the former is better given at bed-time; thus, the combination of the solution of potassa, of the carbonates of potassa and soda, or 54 INTRODUCTION. — ♦ of magnesia, forms salts with the gastric acid that act with some energy on the bowels; but this is not the case with chalk mixture or lime water. The patient should be restricted to light animal food and well boiled vegetables, avoiding sweets, acids, pastry, and, in fact, everything liable to increase the acescent condition of the stomach. Antilithics and Lithontriptics are medicines supposed to possess the power of obviating or dissolving urinary calculi. That there are remedial agents capable of removing or relieving that morbid condition of the system on which a lithic diathesis depends, there can be no doubt; but it is very questionable if we possess remedies capable of dissolving calculi existing in the urinary organs. Among the antilithic remedies, those most generally employed are magnesia and its salts, the alkalies, soap, several of the acids, some astringent diuretics, many bitter tonics, &c. In cases of a lithic diathesis, however, much depends on the regulation of the diet of the patient; thus, when there is a superabundant secretion of uric acid, the food should contain as little azote as possible, and, therefore, be mainly of a vegetable nature; but, at the same time, care must be taken that the healthy action of the stomach is not impaired. There should be an avoidance of all indigestible substances, as fresh bread, pastry, salt meats, and even soups of all kinds; nor should malt liquors or acid wines be allowed. Where the white sand deposits or the phosphates occur, an acid system of diet is beneficial, with abstinence from all alkalies, soda water, &c. ; whilst lemonade, the acid wines, and fruits in moderation can be allowed with advantage. Antispasmodics are remedies which have been considered to be endowed with the power of allaying spasm, and of calming or entirely removing irregular actions of the nervous system. As spasmodic action of the muscular apparatus and a morbid con- dition of the nervous centres may arise from a variety of causes, it has been found that the most opposite modes of treatment have been required; thus, in some cases, the most efficient antispasmodic is the lancet, whilst in others the morbid symptoms are best alleviated by the most active diffusible stimuli. It is not our intention to enter into the discussion of the mooted question of the modus operandi of antispas- modics, or whether there exists a class of remedies which are endowed with the power of exerting a direct control over spasmodic action. It is, however, shown by expe- rience that the influence of this class of remedial agents is very limited in their operation and very various in their effects, and that to be efficient much discrimination is requisite on the part of the physician in the selection of the article best calculated to attain the desired effect. In general, what are termed antispasmodics have some of the properties of the narcotics, but differ from them in not causing stupor or insensibility. They are mostly substances possessed of a strong odor, and of a more or less volatile nature ; and hence also partake of the properties of stimulants. Anthelmintics are medicines which are capable of expelling or destroying worms situated in the intestinal canal. Several kinds of worms are apt to infest the human intestines, and often give rise to distressing and even fatal symptoms. The medicines calculated to dislodge them are of various kinds : some act mechanically, as active purgatives, powder of tin, cowhage, &c. ; some by being poisonous to the worms, as pink root, pomegranate bark, the vegetable bitters, &c. ; and to this class belong, in all probability, the acrid, volatile, and resinous vermifuges, as turpentine, camphor, garlic, &e. ; and the mineral remedies, as calomel, the preparations of iron, sulphur, &c. ; some seem to act by asphyxiating the worms, as the fatty oils, the mucilages, &c. Vermifuge medicines should be given in as simple a form as possible, and in as large doses as is compatible with their nature, and the age and condition of the patient; and hence the plan of administering them in the form of lozenges, biscuits, &c, is erroneous. One of the most certain of these remedies is the pink root (spigelia), either in the form of simple infusion, or united with senna or savin; in the first case, it should be followed by the administration of a brisk cathartic. In consequence of its sometimes causing temporary loss of sight, tremors, &c, which, although seldom dangerous, are apt to frighten the relations and friends of the patient, it is better, especially in cases of children, to administer the infusion in the evening, so that its effects may not be observed. The worm-seed oil is also another native anthelmintic of great power, but has the objection of having so disagreeable an odor and taste as INTRODUCTION. 55 to prevent its general use; the least unpleasant mode of giving it is in emulsion with mint or cinnamon water. Whatever vermifuge is employed, and whatever success attends its administration, the treatment should not be confined to the mere expulsion of the worms; but the condition of the stomach and bowels should be attended to, and their tone rendered healthy by the use of tonics, and a well-directed and generous diet. Cathartics are those medicines which increase in a greater or less degree the peristaltic action of the intestines. Cathartics have been divided into laxatives, which are characterized by acting mildly, without stimulating in any great degree the vessels of the intestines, or exciting a general disturbance of the system; audi. purgatives, which, in addition to evacuating the contents of the bowels, also promote secretions from their mucous coat, giving rise to copious watery stools. Some purgatives have a more violent action, occasioning nausea, faintness, pain, tenesmus, &c. ; and some, acting in an overdose as acrid poisons, causing great irritation, and even inflammation of the intestines. But there is another and important character in the action of pur- gatives, which is that different portions of the intestinal canal are most affected by different cathartic substances; thus, calomel acts, in a marked manner, on the upper portions of the tube, as is shown by the increase of the biliary matters in the evacua- tions; gamboge also manifests its power on the stomach by often causing vomiting, but also, like the other drastics, causes much irritation in the large intestines; aloes, again, exert very little action on the upper part of the canal, but spends its force on the lower portion; in fact, each purgative substance is characterized by a peculiarity of action as regards the part of the intestinal canal affected by it, and the nature of the evacuation it produces; and hence, it is of importance, in prescribing an article of this class, that it be suited to the impression wished to be made, and not, as is too frequently the case, selected at random. No class of remedies has been pro- ductive of more injury than the present, from their being resorted to without judgment, and from being persevered in for too long a time ; for, independent of the irritation they create and keep up in the bowels, they impair digestion, and too often lay the foundation of fatal organic diseases. Purgative medicines may be exhibited at any period during the day; but in all cases the patient should not be exposed to the influence of cold air; if, however, the circumstances are not urgent, it is better to administer them late at night or early in the morning, so as to prevent the disturbance and loss of rest of the patient, and also to secure their retention by the stomach ; when given on an empty stomach, they also act more speedily and effectually than when this is filled with food. To promote their action, and to obviate their griping effect, warm diluents, as chicken water, gruel, &c, should be freely taken after the first dis- charge. Where they operate too much, this inordinate action is to be checked by laudanum given by the mouth, or in the form of injections. Many of these medicines are very nauseous, and so repugnant to the patient as to induce nausea and vomiting, and, therefore, require the addition of correctives. The taste of rhubarb is best disguised by being given in milk, and that of castor oil by the froth of porter. The disagreeable taste of infusion of senna is much lessened if made with cold water, or, if made in the usual manner, by the addition of strong coffee, black tea, or by a few grains of cream of tartar. Aloes are rendered more palatable by the addition of extract of liquorice. Magnesia is mixed more perfectly with water or milk, if it is poured on the surface of the fluid, and permitted to sink as it becomes saturated, than by the opposite course. The neutral salts arc rendered more palainl.lt; by adding a small portion of lemon juice to their solution, &c. When a cathartic is given in the form of pill, its operation is always less speedy than when administered in powder or mixture; and it should be borne in mind that the drastic purgatives operate more mildly, and even effectually, in combination than win n given alone, as is instanced in the compound cathartic pill. Enemata or Glysters. — This mode of purgation is now generally employed in our large towns; but a great prejudice exists among many persons against its use, from lious and mistaken delicacy. In consequence of the improved apparatus now to be procured, the administration of these remedies is attended with much less diffi- 56 INTRODUCTION. culty and exposure than formerly, -when the pipe and bag or common syringe were employed; and, therefore, much of the objection to their use is obviated. Clysters are of almost indispensable utility when it is necessary to evacuate the bowels as speedily as possible, or when the stomach will not bear the administration of a purgative by the mouth, and also in cases where it is of importance to make a direct application to the lower bowels, as in dysentery, colic, &c. Where it is merely wished to open the bowels, an injection of tepid water will often be found sufficient; where this is not found sufficient, the addition of table salt, sweet oil, or molasses, will, in most cases, induce a full discharge. In all cases, the patient should be directed to retain the injection for as long a time as possible, and not to attempt to empty his bowels immediately after the reception of the medicine. Though clysters seldom can be forced beyond the great curve of the colon, and hence their local action confined to the lower part of the bowels, still, in many cases, their purgative influence extends to the small intestines, and their administration is followed by full and copious evacua- tions. They are also directed for other purposes than evacuating the bowels, for, from the intimate connection of the rectum with the other pelvic viscera, impressions made upon it are speedily transmitted to the adjoining parts, and hence, remedies can be directed by this channel with much advantage. In irritation of the bladder or uterus, an anodyne injection into the rectum will often afford much relief. In diseases of the lower bowels, also, clysters are of almost indispensable utility, as also in the dislodge- ment of ascarides seated in the rectum; nor are they less beneficial in those cases of sudden sinking of the powers of life where deglutition is impossible, and yet a prompt stimulating impression is requisite to save the patient; under such circumstances, clysters of some of the diffusible stimuli have proved of the greatest benefit. Suppositories. — These are substances introduced into the rectum to induce a dis- charge of its contents. Their use is principally confined to the mere object of relieving eostiveness, for which purpose a piece of soap of a conical shape, and of about an inch in length, is the most generally employed; but in some cases, articles of a more stimu- lating character are necessary. In cases of eostiveness in children, the introduction of the end of a small roll of paper, moistened with oil, for a few moments into the rectum, will, in many cases, be found sufficient. The objection to their use is the irritation they often create in the rectum. Sometimes suppositories of opium are found useful in those cases in which anodyne enemata are usually employed, and may be used where patients have a repugnance to the use of clysters, or where the soreness of the rectum prevents the introduction of the pipe of a syringe. In all cases where enemata or suppositories are employed, care must be taken to introduce them with care; otherwise serious injury may be done to the mucous coat of the rectum; instances have occurred where, from a careless insertion of the pipe of a syringe, the gut has been seriously affected, giving rise to fistula, &c. In most cases, the injection for a child under one year is about an ounce, which is to be gradually increased to five or six ounces, as it advances in age ; to a youth, from ten to fifteen years old, a pint may be given; whilst an adult requires a pint and a-half to a quart. Where, however, the injection is of an anodyne nature, to restrain discharges or to alleviate pain, the laudanum should be mixed with not more than half an ounce to an ounce of bland mucilage, so as not to excite contraction of the bowels by the stimulus of quantity. Demulcents or Emollients are medicinal agents which diminish tone or irrita- tion in the tissues to which they are applied, and thereby cause a relaxation of the parts, or sheathe and protect them from the action of substances capable of acting on them injuriously. The term Emollients is generally employed to designate remedies which are applied externally to soften and relax external surfaces, and, by contiguous sympathy, the deeper seated parts; these effects have been referred by some to a physical, and by others to a vital, agency. They consist principally of bland watery" mixtures, or of simple water, at a somewhat elevated temperature, of oleaginous substances, or those combined in various forms, as fomentations, poultices, &c, which will be more par- ticularly noticed in a subsequent part of the work. Demulcents are bland substances of various kinds, administered internally, to pre- INTRODUCTION". 57 vent the action of irritating matters on mucous membranes, or to soothe or lubricate these parts when irritated or inflamed. They are useful in irritation and inflammation of the stomach and bowels, in like conditions of the air-passages and lungs, as well as in affections of the urinary apparatus. When prescribed in cases of catarrh, and other morbid conditions of the respiratory organs, they are usually directed to be taken ad libitum; but they should be swallowed slowly, for their main efficacy arises from their lubricating effect on the parts with which they come in contact ; and this soothing influence is extended by sympathy to the bronchial membranes and pulmonic struc- ture. They should be taken after a fit of coughing, for, as, by that spasmodic effort, the acrid secretion of the inflamed mucous surface is thrown off, they are enabled to come in direct contact with the irritated part, and thus exercise their soothing influ- ence more efficiently. Diaphoretics are those medicinal agents which promote and increase cutaneous transpiration. These articles are numerous, and of a very heterogeneous character. In general, warm diluents, aided by external heat, are very effectual means of promoting perspiration; whilst, in some cases, this excretion is better promoted by the use of cool liquids, or even by the sudden and temporary application of cold to the surface. They are in almost every case relative agents; and, to produce the desired effect, should be given in certain states of the system, and with certain precautions. Thus, during the exhibition of these remedies, the patient should be confined to bed, and covered with light blankets ; his shirt should be of flannel or muslin, as these are good non- conductors of heat. Their action is much promoted by the free use of diluents, given either warm or cold, according to the temperature of the patient's skin. During the continuance of the perspiration, great care should be taken that it is not suddenly checked from any cause. When it is wished to moderate the sweating, the patient may be removed to another bed, covered with a warm blanket, his clothes changed, and his body dried with dry towels, care being taken that he is not exposed to cold air. During the exhibition of diaphoretics, no medicines of a purgative or diuretic character should be administered, as the action of the latter is incompatible with that of the former, besides causing a frequent exposure to cold during their operation. Diluents are watery fluids which increase the fluidity of the blood, and render the secretions and excretions less acrid or viscid. The best diluent is water, which is to be given either alone or variously flavored, according to the taste of the patient or the circumstances of the case. The temperature at which a diluent is given has much influence on its action. Thus, water at 60° or 70° F. merely dilutes; whilst at 45° to 60° it acts somewhat as a tonic, and at 70°, and to as high a temperature as it can be drunk, it is stimulant. Merely tepid water will often act as an emetic, whilst at 90° or 100° it will quiet the stomach and relieve nausea. In a cool or cold state, diluents diminish the temperature of the body and moderate an undue excitement of the pulse, and are hence called refrigerants or temjperants, and principally consist of aqueous solutions of many of the acids, or of some of the neutral salts. Diuretics are medicines which increase or promote the secretion of urine : this they do by increasing the quantity of fluid taken into the stomach, or by stimulating the kidneys to increased action. They are always inconstant in their effects, and cannot be relied upon to produce the desired effect in all cases. To obtain their effect, the surface of the patient's body should be kept cool; otherwise, they are apt to operate as diaphoretics. Hence, the patient should remain out of bed, and the medicine be administered during the day-time; or, if confined to bed, the clothing should be as light as is compatible with comfort. The action of diuretics is much aided by a free use of the cooling diluents. Emetics are those medicines which invert the natural action of the stomach, so as to cause an ejection of its contents through the mouth, or vomiting. When the patient is plethoric, blood-letting should always precede the administration of an emetic, as it not only promotes its operation, but prevents any injurious rush of blood to the head. When it is required, a full dose of the emetic substance is to be administered; but, in the generality of cases, it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently repeated, until the desired effect is produced. It often happens, when a physician orders an emetic, that he will be asked not to give a strong one, as the patient is too weak, &c. ; 4 58 INTRODUCTION. but it should be known that, unless the medicine causes full vomiting, it will create more uneasiness and debility than when it acts in the desired manner. When vomit- ing takes place, it should be encouraged by draughts of tepid water or weak chamomile tea, to be repeated after each discharge; but the use of these fluids is not to be carried too far, because, when the stomach is gorged with liquids, the action of vomit- ing is often not fully performed, or is wholly checked. When the operation of an emetic is too violent, the best means of checking it is by the administration of lauda- num, or the application of fomentations or warm poultices to the epigastrium; if these fail, a spice plaster or a sinapism to the same part will generally be found effectual. If the stomach continues irritable, drink, food, or medicine is to be given in very small quantities. There is always much thirst, which patients are very apt to endeavor to alle- viate by freely taking some fluid; but this in most cases being rejected, the evil is only increased; the best plan to relieve it is to frequently wash the mouth with some cool drink, swallowing as little as possible. When the stomach is inactive, and a full dose of an emetic substance does not cause vomiting, it is always unsafe to repeat the dose, as by such a course inflammation may be produced. When the stomach thus resists the action of one article, carried to a due extent, it is better to have recourse to another, or to endeavor to produce emesis by titillating the fauces and throat by means of a feather. Emetics should always be given at the time ordered by the physician, and, as a general rule, on an empty stomach, in the morning; but it is sometimes of benefit to administer them in the evening, as, from the exhaustion produced by their operation, a disposition to sleep is caused. Emmenagogtjes are medicines which excite or promote the catamenial discharge; but there are, strictly speaking, few remedies which have this specific power on the uterus, the majority of them acting by their influence on the system generally, or on parts contiguous to the uterus — ergot being almost the only article which exercises a direct power on this organ, and that rather in increasing its expulsive energy than in promoting the menstrual function, though it has been advantageously employed for the latter purpose. To insure the successful administration of this class of remedial agents, the system must be previously prepared for their use by invigorating it, if there are relaxation and debility; and by an opposite course, if there is an undue degree of arterial action. In a majority of cases, the restoration of the discharge is rather attributable to a proper regulation of the system than to any specific power in the emmenagogue administered. Epispastics are external applications which are capable of inflaming the skin, and causing an effusion of serum beneath the cuticle. These effects can be produced by a variety of means; but that most generally employed is the Spanish fly, or cantha- rides. The mode of applying a blister, and of dressing the sore it occasions, is very simple; but, without special directions from the physician, many nurses and attendants on the sick are strangely ignorant on the subject. The best preparation of cantharides for blistering purposes is the cerate of Spanish flies, or common blister- ing plaster; this will be always found effectual, if properly prepared, and of good materials. It is best spread on soft leather, though linen, muslin, or even stout paper will answer. To obtain a prompt action from a blister, it should be spread thick; powdered flies should not be sprinkled on its surface, for, if the plaster is well made, it requires no such addition; added to which, the powder is apt to adhere to the skin, and to give the patient much uneasiness. Before applying a blister, the part on which it is to be placed should be well washed with soap and water, and thoroughly dried, the hair shaved off, and the skin irritated by being rubbed with a coarse towel, or, if this is not sufficient, with warm vinegar, spirits of turpentine, &c. The plaster is to be secured to the part by means of a bandage ; or, what is better, by means of strips of adhesive plaster, or by coating the margin of the leather or cloth on which the blister is spread with the adhesive plaster. Whenever either of the last modes of securing a blister is resorted to, it is necessary, to secure its adhesion, that the skin be perfectly dry. The plaster should be in perfect contact with the skin; but should not, as is too often the case, be subjected to much pressure, for this retards vesication, and is a source of uneasiness to the patient. The period generally required for a blister to draw is twelve hours; but this is liable INTRODUCTION. 59 to many exceptions : thus, for children, delicate females, and for persons with tender skins, a much shorter time is sufficient. The hest plan, when the patient complains of pain and burning, is to lift a corner of the plaster and examine the condition of the skin beneath, and, if it be found vesicated or fully reddened, to remove the blister; or, if the skin is not sufficiently inflamed, to permit the blister to remain till this result is attained. When the skin is sufficiently reddened, but not vesicated, the application of a warm poultice, or of a dressing of basilicon ointment, will cause a copious effusion of serum. In cases of children and irritable persons, or those liable to strangury, this should always be done. To guard against this latter, it has been advised to interpose a piece of gauze, fine muslin, or tissue paper between the skin and the plaster : these should be moistened with oil. It is very doubtful, however, whether this plan is of any real advantage. In many persons, the action of a blister disposes to sleep; but in very sensitive individuals it causes much irritation ; this may be often obviated by the addition of a few grains of extract of hyoscyamus, or of belladonna, to the plaster. When it is requisite to cause a blister as rapidly as possible, the plaster of Spanish flies must be replaced by other means. In such cases, paper, moistened with oil of cantharides, or with the ethereal extract, will be found useful. The application of a pledget, wet with water of ammonia, will also act very rapidly. When a still more rapid effect is desired, the direct application of heat to the part may be ^sorted to, by means of a disk of polished metal, heated in boiling water, or by applymg a piece of wet blotting paper to the skin, and passing a hot flatiron over it. Some persons have a great dread of blisters, and object to the application of a large one; but, when the full effect of blistering is required, a large one should always be applied, for the pain and irritation caused by a large blister are very little greater than a small one occasions, whilst the benefit is more decided. Still, as the quantity of the discharge is in a great measure equivalent to the size of the vesication, large blisters depress more than small ones ; therefore, when they are intended merely as counter-irritants, small blisters are to be preferred. The size and shape of blisters vary greatly, according to the part to which they are to be applied, and the age of the patient. Dr. Dewees gives the following as the general size of blisters : — For the legs or thighs, from 7 to 8 inches long by 3 to 3i broad. For the back, from 7 to 8 inches long by 4 to 4 J broad. For the thorax, from 8 to 9 inches long by 7 to 8 broad. For the stomach, from 8 to 9 inches long by 6 to 7 broad. For the abdomen, from 10 to 11 inches long by 8 to 10 broad, if designed to cover the whole surface. For the ears, from the peculiarity of the shape, the size cannot well be defined. For the temples, from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter; they are usually circular. These are the sizes for adults; for younger persons they must, of course, be pro- portionally smaller. The dressing of a blister requires some skill on the part of a nurse; and much pain and inconvenience will be saved to the patient by the exercise of a little dexterity in the operation. Some trouble will be avoided by having everything necessary for the operation in readiness, as the plasters spread, bandages ready, &c. Each of the vesi- cles is to be carefully snipped, with the points of a pair of sharp scissors, at their most depending part, and the serum evacuated; but when the vesications are very small and numerous, this should not be attempted, as it would occasion unnecessary fatigue to the patient. In such case, the larger vesicles only are to be opened, and the smaller left till a subsequent dressing, when it is probable they will be found much increased in size. The cuticle should not be removed from the surface of the blistered part, except when it is wished to keep up a continued discharge, in which case the cuticle is best removed by the application of a hot poultice. When it is wished to heal the blistered surface, the dressing should be of simple cerate, thinly spread on a linen rag, and renewed twice a-day. When the object is to maintain the discharge for a short time, the dressing should consist of basilicon ointment. When a more permanent im- pression is desired, some more stimulating application, as savin ointment, must be 60 INTRODUCTION. used. A blistered surface should seldom be washed, as this often causes chilliness and fatigue, and is generally useless. Some persons become faint when a blister is dressed for the first time : this should not excite alarm, as it is a mere sympathetic effect. The plaster for the dressings should not be larger than the blistered surface, as it causes irritation of the sound skin without aiding the discharge. Blisters sometimes, instead of healing properly, become painful and inflamed, and assume the appearance of an eroding or a phagedenic sore; this is best remedied by the application of a soft bread and milk poultice, having its surface anointed with fresh lard or cold cream. If this does not succeed, a lotion of lime-water and linseed will often be found effectual ; oxide of zinc ointment will likewise prove useful in some cases. When a blistered surface causes much itching, and renders the patient restless, washing the irritated surface with an infusion of flaxseed or slippery elm will, in most cases, relieve the uneasiness. One of the most distressing consequences, arising from the application of a blister, is the production of strangury, which invariably takes place in some persons whenever a blister is used; this is remedied by a free exhibition of emollient and mucilaginous diluents, opiates by the mouth and as an enema, external fomentations to the pubic region, &c. ; in some cases, a clyster of solution of sulphate of soda will act very effica- ciously. To prevent its occurrence, it has been found of benefit to incorporate cam- phor and opium with the epispastic ointment, say twelve grains of the former and four of the latter, for a blister sis inches square. It is said that boiling the flies in water, previous to their forrnatioTf into an ointment, will deprive them of the property of causing strangury. Errhines are medicines which, snuffed up the nostrils, cause an increased discharge of the nasal mucus, and generally the convulsive action of sneezing. They are now seldom prescribed, though undoubtedly useful in some cases ; but they should never be employed in persons disposed to apoplexy, or in those affected with hernia, prolapsus uteri, &c. Escharotics are topical agents,which, by a chemical or mechanical action, are capable of eroding or disorganizing the solid tissues of the part to which they are applied : those which act mechanically are actual cauteries, as a heated iron, moxa, &c. ; those which act chemically are caustics, as fused potassa, nitrate of silver, and chloride of zinc. In cauterizing with a heated iron, this should be at a white heat, as, at this tempera- ture, it occasions less pain to the patient, from its causing an immediate death of the part to which it is applied. In applying it to any part, the surrounding surface should be protected by some non-conducter of heat, but not by wet paper or cloth, as the sudden extrication of steam will produce a blistered surface around the burn, and will much increase the pain. The hot iron is rarely employed in this country, except to arrest hemorrhage ; in leech bites, where the usual means of stopping the bleeding are ineffectual, the application of the end of a heated wire to the wound will, in most cases, be found effectual. Another mode of applying the actual cautery is by means of moxa. This term is used for a small cone or cylinder of some slowly burning sub- stance, applied to the skin, set fire to, and suffered to burn slowly for a length of time proportionate to the effect intended to be produced; this is a very painful operation, and seldom employed in the United States. The chemical cauterants are numerous, and of various degrees of activity. In using the most powerful of them, caustic potassa, some precautions are necessary, owing to its great deliquescence; when it is employed to form an issue, layers of adhesive plaster should be placed on the skin, with a hole of the proper size cut in their centre, through which the caustic can be applied without danger of its spreading. The chloride of zinc, which is an excellent cauterant, is generally employed by forming it into a paste with flour. The chloride of antimony, though very powerful, from being a fluid, is difficult to manage, but has been advantageously used in cases of poisoned wounds. Expectorants are medicines which promote the expulsion of mucus or other matters from the air-passages. It is an ill-defined class of remedies, and is extremely uncertain in its action ; but we cannot, in this place, examine the propriety of retain- ing a division of the materia medica, the articles composing which act in an obscure and by no means regular manner, in almost all cases by a remote or secondary influ- ence of a nauseating or sedative character. At the same time, daily experience proves INTRODUCTION. 61 that much benefit is derived, in diseases of the respiratory organs, from the administra- tion of substances which are usually considered expectorants, in whatever way they may primarily act on the system. No class of remedies has been more productive of injury than that of so-called cough medicines; nor in any one has quackery exercised a more unbounded sway. It is too common for persons to resort to their use in cough and catarrh without consulting a physician, thus often aggravating a trifling irritation until it becomes a serious, and oftentimes a fatal, inflammation ; for, as many of the articles composing them, especially those most frequently employed in domestic and empirical practice, are stimulants, much mischief is apt to follow their indiscriminate use. The following rules ought to be observed in the exhibition of expectorants — ought always to be enforced on the patient. The surface of the body should be kept moderately warm, so as to promote a gentle diaphoresis, and nothing done that may interfere with the primary operation of the remedy on the nervous, lymphatic, or muscular systems, by the secondary effect of which the lungs are benefited; hence, the use of any that excite diuresis, and more especially of purging, should be avoided; nor should the patient be allowed to indulge his appetite in food or drink of a stimulating character. Narcotics are medicines which lessen the manifestation of vital phenomena de- pendent upon the nervous system, especially deadening sensibility and diminishing the motor power: their full operations shown in sleep, or even coma. The most general objects in view in the administration of these articles are the production of sleep, or the alleviation of pain. No medicines are so much modified in their action by idiosyncrasy and habit. This does not extend to them as a class, but to each individually; hence, it is of importance that a physician should ascertain from a patient, before prescribing a narcotic, whether he has been long or frequently in the habit of using it, or whether it causes any unpleasant effects upon him, so that some other article of the class may be substituted. As regards the time at which a narcotic should be given, it depends upon the cause for which it is to be administered. Thus, if prescribed to allay pain, it may be given at any time, and repeated as long- as the pain remains; if to procure sleep, it is best given at night, and so late as to prevent the patient from being disturbed before it produces its full effect ; otherwise, it is apt to exercise a stimulating action. In many persons, the secondary effect of opium is to cause much nausea and headache after its narcotic action has ceased, which are best relieved by a cup of strong coffee, or by vegetable acids. When, however, this or any other narcotic produces these consequences, its use should be relinquished, and some other substituted. Kefrigerants are remedies which are supposed to diminish the heat of the body without causing a marked diminution of sensibility or nervous energy, and they are thought to do this, whether administered internally or applied externally; but it is very doubtful whether any medicines act as internal refrigerants independently of the coldness of the medium in which they are administered, except in a secondary manner. Diaphoretics act as refrigerants by inducing an increase of superficial eva- poration; sedatives, by lessening the force and rapidity of the circulation; purgatives, and especially the saline, by the copious watery evacuations they produce. The great refrigerant is cold water, whether applied topically or given internally. As a topical application, it is often mixed with fluids of greater volatility, that, by a more rapid evaporation, a proportionate abstraction of heat may take place. Sedatives are those remedial agents which diminish muscular tonicity, and the manifestation of nervous influence, even to the production of syncope, or a suspension, for a certain time, of the functions of the systems affected. Some act generally ; others more locally. Blood-letting and tartar emetic are examples of the first; hydro- cyanic acid, of the second. Most of the articles of this class are capable, if given in too large doses, or too long continued, of producing a depression of the vital powers which may induce death; and hence require to be administered with much care and judgment. Sialaoogues are medicines which induce an increased secretion from the salivary glands. The modes in which the articles composing this class act are various. Some are merely local irritants, as pellitory, horseradish, &c; and, when chewed, 62 INTRODUCTION. produce such a local stimulation of the salivary glands as to produce a copious effusion of saliva and mucus. Another and more important section includes such articles as evince their sialagogue powers in a secondary manner, which does not take place until a powerful impression has been made on the system generally; to this belong mercury, gold, &c, and their preparations. In the first of these divisions, their medicinal powers depend wholly on sialagogue effects; hence, they are merely useful as counter-irritants; the local stimulation, and consequent increased secretion produced by their action, often acting advantageously in relieving inflammations and congestions of adjoining parts. The curative value of internal sialagogues, however, is not dependent on the salivary flow they occasion, for though, in many cases, this may be very great, yet it is not essential to their remedial action, and may, in fact, rather be considered as a proof that their full constitutional influence has been attained. " In administering mercury, with a view to the production of its constitutional effect, it should always be recollected that, if it be permitted to exert its sialagogue powers to any great extent, it always causes great distress to the patient, without producing a beneficial effect on the disease; and its operation should, therefore, be closely watched. The condition of the gums should be examined daily, and, as soon as they display evidence of the action of the remedy, it should be discontinued, or given at longer intervals. The constitution of the patient should be sedulously attended to, as mer- curials are apt to produce unpleasant consequences in delicate, nervous individuals, and are badly borne by the aged, who have suffered from previous attacks of illness. It is always dangerous to push them to salivation in children, as it frequently produces sloughing of the gums and cheeks. When too great a degree of salivation has been induced by the mercurials, it is of importance to check it as speedily as possible. This is to be attempted by cool air, and by washing the mouth with an infusion of some vegetable astringent, a solution of opium, or one of acetate of lead ; this latter is very efficacious, but has the property of rendering the teeth black. Marked benefit has also been derived from a weak solution of chloride of soda; much reliance is placed by some practitioners on the preparations of sulphur, especially the soluble sulphurets, both as a wash in solution, and administered as a powder. An infusion of the smooth sumach (rhus glabrum), as well as a strong solution of borax, has likewise been found very useful as a local application. When the inflammation is severe, the adminis- tration of cathartics, especially the saline, is requisite, and in some cases blisters and leeches. Where a tendency to slough exists, the application of diluted pyroligneous acid will be found advantageous. Stimulants are remedies which increase the vital activity of the system, or of a single organ, the first being termed general, and the latter local stimulants. Much discrimi- nation and caution are required in the administration of articles of this class, because, if given when inflammation is present, they are liable to create more mischief than benefit; but they are called for when, on the decline of that condition of an organ, or organs, a state of relaxation or torpidity exists. In this state of things, a gentle stimulation materially assists the functions, and is productive of much benefit. Tonics are closely allied to stimulants, and some of them act in this manner; but most of them do not cause any sensible excitation of the system, whilst, at the same time, they gradually impart tone and activity to the vital powers. With the exception of iron, most tonics act primarily on the nervous system, and secondarily on the muscular, on which latter their power is most distinctly marked. Iron appears to act in a different manner, by altering or improving the condition of the blood, and consequently increasing the tone of the system. One of the most valuable properties of many articles of this class is that of curing diseases of a periodic type; in what manner, it is difficult to explain, as the laws that govern periodicity are but little un- derstood. In prescribing the autiperiodic tonics in fevers, as cinchona and its salts, their use should be confined to the intermissions, and, in most cases, in as large doses as the stomach will bear with impunity, so timing the doses that one may be taken a short time before the expected paroxysm. Quinia and its preparations, although eminently autiperiodic, are not possessed of the tonic properties of the bark itself, and, in the INTRODUCTION. large doses recommended of late, are apt to induce unpleasant affections of the head, as vertigo, ringing in the ears, headache, and mental delusions. In administering arsenic as antiperiodic, its effects should be carefully watched, and be discontinued when it causes constitutional symptoms, as vertigo, and oedema; nor should it be given in debilitated habits, and where the pulse is. weak and feeble. It is better, in all cases, to commence its use in small doses, and to increase them until the stomach is somewhat affected, when the quantity is to be diminished, or even discontinued. Management oe Convalescence and Relapses. The management of a patient, after the cessation of an attack of disease, and when he is declared convalescent, is of equal importance with the treatment during the con- tinuance of the malady; and yet it is one strangely neglected by the physician, and is too often trusted to nurses and friends. In all recoveries from sickness, the organs, or parts which have been affected, remain for some time in an excitable condition, and liable to recurrence of the disease on the slightest provocation ; and it is of much conse- quence to inquire what causes operate most frequently in thus producing a relapse. It will be found that they generally consist in the indulgence in food, either in too great quantity, or of an improper character, or in the too early or imprudent exposure to the weather, or in over-exertion of any kind. Diet. — The stomach, in common with every other part of the body, suffers from a diminution of its normal vigor and power of digestion, and, as a necessary consequence, when food of too nutritious a character is taken into it, it is unable to digest it properly; hence, part of it remains in an undigested state, oppressing the weakened organ, and is either rejected by vomiting, or causes diarrhoea; or, if the stomach is capable of converting it into nourishment, an undue stimulation of that organ ensues, which will result in fever. This latter state of things is also induced by the admi- nistration of stimulating drinks. No animal substance, in any form, should be allowed during the continuance of acute febrile disease, nor immediately after its cessation. When it is permitted, it should be at first as little stimulating as possible, and in small quantities at a time; but is to be gradually increased in quantity and quality as the patient gains strength. An invalid should be very cautious in the use of cer- tain articles, considered by nurses and others as peculiarly nourishing and proper for the sick, namely, animal jellies of all kinds. These are exceedingly indigestible, even in a state of perfect health — added to which, they are, in most cases, rendered highly stimulating by the addition of wine or spices. Exercise. — Another frequent cause of a relapse is over-exertion, from the common, but eiToneous, notion that a convalescent will not recover his strength, except he takes as much exercise as he can bear. Properly regulated exertion is highly serviceable; but it should never be carried so far as to produce exhaustion, and should be pursued for some time in doors, before it be attempted in the open air : the latter, at first, should always take place in a carriage, that can be opened or closed at will ; the patient may then attempt short walks in the open air; but, in all cases, it is of importance that he is not unduly fatigued, as otherwise injury instead of benefit will be the result. One of the most serious errors, committed with regard to exertion, is that of permitting a convalescent to sit up too frequently, or for too long a time, under the mistaken notion of giving him strength. A patient should never be allowed to sit up longer than is agreeable to his feelings, and never so long as to produce a sense of fatigue. Air. — Great care must be taken that an invalid is not exposed to cold or damp air, especially if his skin be disposed to moisture; to guard him from sudden changes of temperature, he should wear flannel next to his skin, and have his feet well protected by warm stockings. In every convalescence, from whatever disease, country air is far more invigorating than the vitiated atmosphere of towns; but care must be exercised in the selection of the location, as to its freedom from malaria, &c, for it is far pre- ferable that he should remain within the precincts of the city, than expose himself to the influence of causes which act with peculiar activity on a system debilitated by previous disease. UNIVERSAL FORMULARY. ABSINTHIUM. Wormwood. This name is applied to several species of Artemisia, all, however, possessing the same properties. That recognized in the U.S. Phar- macopoeia, and most generally employed, is A. absinthium, a native of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Synges. super. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1188. Griffith, Med. Bot. 405. The parts used, are the tops or extremities of the branches. These have a grayish-white co- lor ; a soft, silky feel, a fragrant odor, and a very bitter taste. They impart their properties to water or alcohol. Wormwood has been employed as a stimulat- ing tonic, in various forms of dyspepsia, in ame- norrhcea, chronic leucorrhoga, gout, verminose affections. &c. It is given in a variety of forms. Infusion or "Wormwood. R. Wormwood one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brande. Extract of Wormwood. R. Wormwood one part Boiling water six parts Boil, express, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Tonic and stomachic. Giordano. Clyster of Wormwood. R. Wormwood Rue Savine, each, three drachms ^ Boiling water one pint Boil, strain, and add to each half pint Castor oil half an ounce Foy. Tincture of Wormwood. R. Wormwood one part Alcohol eight parts Digest with a gentle heat for five days, express, and filter. Tonic, stomachic, and 5 vermifuge. Dose, from one fl. scruple to two fl. drachms. Guibourt. Alkaline Tincture of Wormwood. R. Wormwood Tansy Centaury Bog Bean, each, eight parts Alcohol one hundred and twenty parts Carbonate of Potassa one part Digest for six days, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. drachms. In dyspepsia and flatulent colic. Hoffmann. Syrup of Wormwood. R. Fresh wormwood at will Bruise, without washing, express, coagu- late the juice by heat, filter, form a syrup with sugar, nine parts to five of juice. Van Mons. Wine of Wormwood. R. Wormwood two parts White wine fifty parts Digest for four days, express, and filter. A stomachic bitter and anthelmintic. Dose, one fl. ounce. Taddei. Oil of Wormwood. R. Tops of wormwood one part Olive oil eight parts Heat for two hours on a water-bath, stir- ring often, express, and filter. As an em- brocation to the abdomen, in cardialgia, diarrhoea, &c. Wurtem Ph. Essential Oil of Wormwood. R. Tops of wormwood at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Dose, two to four drops several times a-day. Par. Cod. Compound Spirit of Wormwood. R. Wormwood four pounds Juniper eight ounces ACACIA. Cinnamon two ounces Angelica root half an ounce Alcohol eighteen pints Macerate for fourteen days, distil twelve pints, pour back and re-distil ten pints. Guibourt. Ratafia of Wormwood. R. White sugar Water, each, forty ounces Dissolve, and add Orange-flower water six fi. ounces Previously beaten with white of egg one Then add Compound spirit of wormwood fifty-six fl. ounces Heat on a water-bath, cool, and filter. Guibourt. ACACIA. Gum Arabic. This gnm is derived from several species of Acacia, as A. vera, A. Senegal, A. arabica, &c. Sex. Syst. Polygam. monoscia. Nat. Syst. Fa- bacese. Willdenow. Sp. PI. iv. Griffith. Med. Bot. 270. In tears or fragments of various sizes, often rounded ; colorless or of a yellowish tint, semi- transparent, inodorous, of a slightly sweetish mu- cilaginous taste. Wholly soluble in water, form- ing a mucilage. Insoluble in alcohol. Demulcent and nutritive. Mucilage of Gum x^rabic. R. Powdered gum Arabic four ounces Boiling water half a pint Add the water gradually to the gum, and rub together, till the mucilage is formed. Strain. Principally used to suspend inso- luble powders or to diffuse oily and re- sinous substances through aqueous fluids. U. S. PL Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Mucilag. of gum Arabic three fl. ounces Sweet almonds ten drachms Sugar five drachms Water two pints Blanch the almonds, beat them to pulp with the sugar and mucilage, add the wa- ter gradually, constantly stirring. Strain. Ed. Ph. Demulcent and emollient. Used to appease cough and to allay irritation. Gum Arabic Mixture. R. Mucilage of gum Arabic six fl. ounces Oil of sweet almonds three fl. drachms Syrup of saffron one fl. ounce Solution carbonate am- monia (Lond.) half fl. drachm Mix, and make emulsion. A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Ainslie. Gum Lozenges. R. Gum Arabic four ounces Starch one ounce Sugar one pound Pulverize, mix, and form a consistent paste with sufficient rose water, to form lozenges of convenient size. A useful article to allay irritation of the throat in catarrh. Pectoral Paste of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic two pounds Dissolve in water, and add Sugar one pound and a half Evaporate to a proper consistence, adding Orange-flower water three drachms Employed to allay irritation, like the last. Foy. Pate de Guimauve. R. Gum Arabic powdered two pounds, four ounces White sugar two pounds Whites of eggs twenty Double orange-flower water six fl. ounces Dissolve the gum and sugar in a sufficiency of water, strain, next day decant, evaporate by a gentle heat to consistence of honey, add the whites of eggs and stir briskly, continue the evaporation; when almost complete add the orange-flower water, and continue to stir; pour on a marble slab, and keep in a tin box. Cules. Gum Arabic Paste. R. Gum Arabic one pound Dissolve on a water- bath, in water eight fl. ounces Evaporate to the consistence of honey. Add Whites of egg six Orange-flower water two ounces Beat well together. When sufficiently con- sistent, run into moulds. Used for the same purposes as last. Beral. Syrup of Gum. R. Gum Arabic four ounces Sugar one pound Boiling water one pint Dissolve by means of a water-bath, let set- tle for some time, remove scum, and strain. A good addition to pectoral and other mix- tures. U. S. Ph. 1830. Compound Syrup of Gum Arabic. R. Syrup of gum Arabic four fl. ounces ACETOSELLA— ACETUM. Sulphate of morphine one grain Oil of sassafras one drop Hoffmann's anodyne half fl. drachm Mix. Known as Jackson's cough syrup, and much used in catarrhs, &c. Jackson. Linctus of Gum Arabic. R. Guni Arabic one part Clarified honey three parts Incorporate the gum with the honey. The dose is a teaspoonful occasionally, to re- lieve irritation of the throat in catarrh. Beral. Wendt's Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Mucilage gum Arabic Linden-flower water equal parts Found useful in doses of a teaspoonful every hour in the diarrhoea of infants. Radius. Tronchtn's Lozenges of Gum Arabic. R. Powdered gum Arabic eight ounces Precipitated sulphuret of antimony Anise each four scruples Extract of liquorice two ounces Extract of opium twelve grains White sugar two pounds Mix, and form lozenges of six grains, one to be used occasionally in catarrh and bronchial affections. Tronchin. ACETOSELLA. Wood Sorrel. Sex. Syst. Decand. Pentag. Nat. Syst. Oxali daceae. Lindley. Oxalis acetosella. Linn. Torrey and Gray, Fl. L 811. Griffith, Med. Bot. 20S. A native of Europe and the United States. The whole plant is used. It is agreeably acid, from its containing a binoxalate of potassa. It is refreshing and cooling, and is said to be useful in scorbutic affections. Extract of Wood Sorrel. R. Wood sorrel one part Bruise in a mortar, express the juicc ; and pour on the marc Water three parts Boil for an hour, express, evaporate, add- ing the juice, to the consistence of an ex- tract. Acid and bitter. Dose, a scruple to half a drachm. Pideret. ACETUM. Vinegar. Impure and very dilute acetic acid, contain- ing about five per cent, of real acid. It is the 67 result of acetous fermentation of any fluid which is susceptible of vinous fermentation. It is prin- cipally obtained in Europe from malt or weak wine, and in this country from cider. It is employed internally as a refrigerant and diuretic, and is a grateful addition to diluent drinks in febrile affections. It is also sometimes used as a clyster. Externally it is beneficial as a fomentation, and likewise forms a useful addi- tion to gargles and collyria. U. S. Dis. Vinegar Mixture. R. Vinegar three ounces Honey two ounces Water three pints Mix. As a cooling drink in fevers. Ammon. R. Vinegar one ounce Acetic ether one drachm Syrup of raspberries three ounces Water two pints Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Augustin. Mixture of Vinegar and Cardamoms. R. Vinegar one drachm Comp. tincture of car- damoms Simple syrup, each, half an ounce Water ten ounces Mix. To be taken in such portions as the stomach can bear. In sick headache. Vinegar Pastilles. R Powdered white sugar four parts Heat moderately, and add Vinegar Make pastilles. one part Neuman. Gargle of Vinegar. R. Vinegar Honey Barley water, each, Mix. As a mouth-wash or two parts eight parts gargle in in- fla oaed fauces. Soubeiran. R. Vinegar two fl. drachms Muriate of ammonia one drachm Honey one and a half fl. ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Mix. As a gargle in inflamed fauces. Ratter. Syrup of Vinegar. R . Vinegar eleven fl. ounces Sugar fourteen ounces Boil together. Ed. Ph. Mixed with water forms a pleasant and refreshing drink in febrile complaints. Vinegar Cataplasm. R. Vinegar Flour one part three parts 68 ACIDUM ACETICUM. Make cataplasm. An astringent and anti- septic application. Beral. Distilled Vinegar. Distil a gallon of vinegar, by means of a sand-bath, from a glass retort into a glass receiver. Discontinue the process when seven pints shall have been distilled, and keep these for use. U. S. Ph. ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. R. Acetate of soda in powder one pound Sulphuric acid half a pound Red oxide of lead one drachm Pour the acid into a glass retort, gradually add the acetate of soda, and by means of a sand-bath, at a gentle heat, distil the acetic acid, till the residuum becomes dry. Mix the distilled liquid with the red oxide of lead and again distil, with a moderate heat, to dryness. JJ. S. Ph. Diluted Acetic Acid. R. Acetic acid half a pint Distilled water five pints Mix. U. S. Ph. Aromatic Vinegar. R. Acetic acid one pint Camphor two ounces Oil of lavender one drachm Oil of cinnamon twenty drops Oil of cloves Oil of rosemary, each, Mix. R. Acetic acid Oil of cloves Oil of rosemary Oil of bergamot Oil of cinnamon, each, Oil of pimento Oil of lavender Oil of neroli Camphor Alcohol Mix. thirty drops Gray. one pint one drachm two scruples half a drachm twenty-four grains one scruple ten drops one ounce half an ounce Cooley. Aromatic vinegar is used as a pungent and re- viving perfume in fainting, &c. As it is corro- sive, it should not be allowed to come in contact with the skin or clothes. It is also prepared in the dry way. as follows : R. Crystallized acetate of soda one drachm Sulphuric acid twenty drops Oil of lemons Oil of cloves, each, three drops Mix, and keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. Gray. R. Dried rosemary Origanum, each, one ounce Lavender half an ounce Bruised cloves half a drachm Acetic acid (1.068) one pint and a-half Macerate for seven days, strain, express, and filter. Edin. Ph., 1839. Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar. R. Strong acetic acid Camphor Oil of lavender Oil of cinnamon Oil of cloves Mix. To be kept ii bottle. one pint two ounces nine minims twenty minims half a drachm a glass-stoppered Paris Cod. Acetic Acid Cataplasm. R. Rye meal three parts Diluted acetic acid one part Mix. Used as an application to ill-condi- tioned ulcers. Taddei. Acetic Acid Clyster. R. Barley water six ounces Diluted acetic acid one to three ounces Mix. The proportion of diluted acid may be varied according to the indication. Has been advised in obstinate constipation, ileus, &c. Swediaur. Prophylactic Vinegar. R. Dried rosemary and sage, each, one ounce Dried lavender flowers half an ounce Bruised cloves half a drachm Distilled vinegar two pounds Macerate for seven days, press, and filter. Ed. Ph. This is intended as a substitute for the com- plicated formula formerly used, for Thieves' vine- gar, at one time so celebrated as a preservative against the plague. It has no advantages over it. Vinegar of the Four Thieves. R. Wormwood Roman wormwood Rosemary Sage Mint Rue, each, one ounce and a-half Lavender flowers two ounces Garlic Calamus Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs, each, Distilled vinegar two drachms eight pints ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPYREUMATICUM— ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. 69 Digest by a moderate heat, in a c' stopped matrass, for twelve days, strain, express, and filter, then add one ounce of camphor dissolved in alcohol. Lewis. ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPY- KEUMATICUM. Pyroligneous Acid. Pyroligneous acid is an impure acetic acid, obtained by a destructive distillation of wood. It contains creasote, empyreumatic oil, &c, and has been employed in gangrene to correct the fetor and to promote the separation of sloughs, and also as an application to unhealthy ulcers. Dispens. U. S. Dunglison, N. R. 13. Mouth Wash. R. Pyroligneous acid half a fl. ounce Cinnamon water four fl. ounces Syrup of mulberries two fl. ounces Mix. Used as a mouth-wash in cancrum oris. It should be kept in an opaque glass vessel to prevent decomposition. Phoebus. Injection or Pyroligneous Acid. B- Pyroligneous acid two fl. drachms Distilled water six fl. ounces Mix. In purulent discharges from the ear. Buchanan. Cataplasm of Pyroligneous Acid. B . Bran half a pound Linseed meal one ounce Mix well, and add Pyroligneous acid q. s. To make a cataplasm. As an application to foul ulcers. Reece. ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. White Arsenic. Arsenious acid is found in the shops, in the form of semi-transparent or opaque lumps, or in that of a heavy white powder. It has no smell. and its taste is slightly acrid. It is volatile at a red heat, giving off white fumes of a garlic like odor. Extremely poisonous and corrosive, even in minute doses. U. S. Dis. Arsenical Powder. B. White Arsenic one part Calomel one hundred and ninety- nine parts Mix. Recommended in obstinate cases of lepra and cancerous ulcers. Dv/puytrcn. Compound Powder of White Arsenic. R. White arsenic six drachms Powdered dragon's blood two drachms Animal charcoal four scruples Cinnabar three ounces Mix, and triturate well. Has been used in the same description of cases. Van Mons. R. White arsenic one part Kino eight parts Cinnabar sixteen parts Mix, and triturate well. Ratier. Employed in the French hospitals as a caustic to cancerous sores. Arsenical Ointment. B- White arsenic one drachm Lard Spermaceti cerate, each, six drachms Melt the cerate and lard by a gentle heat, and add the arsenic ; triturate well in a glass mortar till perfectly united. Soubeiran. Arsenical Cerate. B- Powdered white arsenic one scruple Simple cerate one ounce Mix the arsenic with the cerate softened by heat, and triturate well. U. S. Ph. Solution of Arsenic. B- White arsenic one scruple Distilled water two fl. ounces Dissolve. This and the foregoing ointment have been employed as applications to can- cerous sores, but are always dangerous from the poisonous symptoms induced by the absorption of the arsenic. Arsenical Pills. B- White arsenic two grains Powdered opium three grains White soap eight grains Powdered liquorice root q. s. Mix well and divide into twenty pills. Each of these pills contains y^th of a grain of arsenic. They have been given in doses of one, two, or three times a-day, according to circumstances, in diseases of an inter- mittent character. Ellis. Arsenic and Pepper Pills. B- White arsenic one grain Black pepper twelve grains Gum Arabic two grains Distilled water q. s. Triturate the arsenic and pepper for a long time, add the gum and water, and rub well together. Make twelve pills; each of which will contain T Lth of a grain of arsenic. Guibourt. B- White arsenic fifty-five grains Powdered black pepper nine drachms Conserve of roses sufficient 70 ACIDUM BENZOICUM— ACIDUM BORACICUM. Mix, and make eight hundred pills. One daily in chronic psoriasis. Cazenave and Schedel. Pills of Arsenic and Opium. R. Arsenious acid two grains Powdered opium eight grains Soap one scruple Beat together and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be taken three times a-day. Have been found useful in intermittent fevers, periodical headaches, neuralgia, and lepra. A. T. Thomson. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. R. Benzoin, any convenient quantity, put it into a glass vessel on a sand-bath, gradually increase the heat, and sublime as long as anything ascends. Wrap the sublimate in bibulous paper, and press, to separate the oil, and again sublime. U. S. Ph. R. Benzoin five parts Quicklime Hydrochloric acid, each, one part Water two hundred parts Triturate the benzoin with the lime, boil in 100 parts of water, let stand, and when cold pour off the liquid. Boil residuum in 70 parts water, and pour off liquid when cold. Mis the solutions and evaporate to one half, filter, and gradually add the hy- drochloric acid, wash the precipitate with the remainder of the water, dry, and sub- lime by a slow fire. Dub. Ph. Benzoic acid is in the form of white, feathery- hexagonal crystals, when pure having no odor, but usually with an agreeable smell from the presence of oil. The taste is acrid acid. It is converted into hippuric acid, and voided by the urine when taken by man. and has been recom- mended in the uric acid diathesis and gout, but does not appear to be of any benefit. It has, however, been serviceable in catarrh of the bladder, and where there is a secretion of gra- nular mucus with phosphates. It is also bene- ficial as a stimulating expectorant. Mixture op Benzoic Acid and Copaiba. R. Benzoic acid one drachm Balsam copaiba half fl. ounce White of egg q. s. Camphor water seven fl. ounces Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls three times a-day. Recommended in chronic dysuria and vesical irritation. Walker. Powder of Benzoic Acid and Ipeca- cuanha. R. Benzoic acid two scruples Ipecacuanha six grains Golden sulphur of antimony three grains White sugar one drachm Mix, and triturate well. Divide into six powders. Dose, one, four times a-day in barley water. Said to be useful in asthenic pneumonia. Phoebus. Mixture of Benzoic Acid. R. Benzoic acid Sulphur, each, one scruple Ipecacuanha six grains Honey six ounces Syrup of seneka Syrup of squills, each, one ounce Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in the chronic catarrh of elderly persons. St. Marie. ACIDUM BORACICUM. Boracio Acid. R. Powdered borax forty parts Boiling water one hundred parts Dissolve, and add Muriatic acid twenty-five parts Collect the acid, which crystallizes on cool- ing, on a filter, drain, wash with cold water, and dry at 234° F. If not pure, dissolve and recrystallize. Wachenroder. If sulphuric acid be used, as is generally ad- vised, it is almost impossible to free the boracic acid from a trace of it. Mixture of Boracic Acid. R. Boracic acid ten grains Oil of sweet almonds Syrup of lemons, each, one drachm Mix. Advised in cardialgia; to be re- peated until a cessation of the pain. Pierquin. COLLUTORY WITH BORACIC ACID. R. Cloves Galangal Ginger Peruvian bark, each, two drachms Gum lac one and a half drachms Benzoin Storax, each, half a drachm Alcohol six fl. drachms Acetic acid one and a half fl. ounces Vinegar five fl. ounces Macerate, press, and filter, and add ACIDUM CITRICUM— ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 71 Boracic acid half a drachm This has been recommended as a mouth- wash in a scorbutic condition of the gums. When used it is to be diluted with water. Phoebus. ACIDUM CITRICUM. Citric Acid. This exists naturally in the juices of many fruits ; to obtain it pure, boiling lemon or lime juice is to be saturated with chalk, when car- bonic acid is given off, and an insoluble citrate is formed ; this is to be washed and decomposed by boiling with dilute sulphuric acid ; inso- luble sulphate of lime precipitates, and the citric acid remains in solution and crystallizes on evaporation. To purify, dissolve in water and recrystallize. Dispens. U. S. Artificial Lemon Juice. R. Citric acid one ounce Distilled water fourteen fl. ounces Oil of lemons five drops Mix. Lozenges of Citric Acid. R. Citric acid three drachms White sugar one pound Oil of lemons sixteen drops Triturate well, and add Mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Make lozenges of twelve grains each. Gottereau. Syrup of Citric Acid. R. Citric acid five drachms Water ten drachms Simple syrup two pounds Tincture of fresh lemon peel one drachm Dissolve the acid in the water, mix with the syrup at a boiling heat, and, when cold, add the tincture. Soubeiran. Dry Lemonade. R. Citric acid two drachms White sugar four ounces Oil of lemons eight drops Mix well. A spoonful to a tumbler of water. Gray. ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. It is not certain that this acid exists as such in nature, or whether it arises from the decom- position of tannic acid. It is usually prepared from galls, Many processes have been devised. R. Decoction of galls at will Expose to action of air in a loosely covered vessel for some months; it will grow mouldy, and become covered with a gluti- nous pellicle, and gallic acid will be de- posited on the sides of the vessel and on the under surface of the pellicle ; collect, dissolve, and recrystallize. Scheele. R. Decoction of galls at will Sulphuric acid sufficient to precipitate, wash the precipitate with and dissolve by aid of heat in diluted sul- phuric acid, boil for a few minutes, let cool, and collect the crystals. Liebig. Gallic acid is a powerful astringent, and has been found useful in hemorrhages and fluxes, as well as in checking night sweats in phthisis. Pills of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid q. s. Extract gentian sufficient to form pills of two to five grains each. One to be given every three or four hours. Useful in menorrhagia, hematuria, &c. Injection of Gallic Acid. R. Gallic acid one scruple to one drachm Water two pints Mix. Found beneficial in leucorrhcea. Dunglison. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium two ounces Sulphuric acid one ounce and a half Distilled water sufficient Mix the acid with four fl. ounces of the water, and pour the mixture, when cool, into a glass retort. To this add the ferro- cyanuret, previously dissolved in ten fl. ounces of the water. Pour eight fl. ounces of distilled water into a cooled receiver, and having attached the retort, distil on a sand- bath, with a moderate heat, six fl. ounces. Lastly, add to the product five fl. ounces of distilled water, or as much as will render the acid of such strength, that 100 grains will be accurately saturated by 12.7 grains of nitrate of silver. U. S. Ph. Extemporaneous Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Cyanuret of silver fifty grains and a half Muriatic acid forty-one grains Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix the acid with the water, and add the cyanuret, and shake in a well-stopped bottle. Let settle, decant, and keep for use. U. S. Ph. This acid should be kept in closely stopped ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM— ACIDUM HYDROSULPHURICUM. 72 — i bottles, protected from the light. It is a trans- parent, volatile liquid, of a cooling and then somewhat irritating taste, and a peculiar smell. It is the most active poison known, and must be used with extreme caution. It is used as an anodyne and antispasmodic, in many diseases. The dose is from one to six drops mixed with gum water or syrup, always beginning with the smallest quantity and gradually increasing. Mixture or Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid one fl. drachm Distilled water one pint Sugar one ounce and a-half Mix. A desertspoonful twice a-day, gra- dually increasing the dose. Magendie. R. Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce Water seven fl. ounces and a-half Dissolve, and add Syrup of tolu half fl. ounce Hydrocyanic acid twelve drops Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours in the cough of phthisis. S. G. Morton. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid half a drachm Powdered sugar candy one ounce and a-half Syrup of red cabbage " Mallow, each,' two ounces " Balsam of tolu " Maidenhair, each, one ounce " Poppies " Cinnamon, each, two drachms Mix. A spoonful occasionally. Pierquin. Syrup or Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydro- cyanic acid four grains and a-half Clarified syrup one ounce Mix. Contains T \ of grain of anhydrous acid. Magendie. Julep of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid fifteen drops Hoffmann's anodyne two fl. ounces Syrup of marsh mallow three fl. ounces Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Pierquin. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid two to four drops Syrup of peppermint one fl. ounce Infusion of linden four fl. ounces Mix. A spoonful every hour. Foy. Injection op Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid one part Distilled water four parts In gonorrhoea. Foy. Lotion of Hydrocyanic Acid. R . Hydrocyanic acid half fl. ounce Alcohol one fl. ounce Distilled water ten fl. ounces and a half Mix. As lotion, in impetigo. A. T. Thomson. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid two fl. drachms Lettuce water two pints Mix. In hepatic affections. Magendie. R. Hydrocyanic acid half fl. drachm Bicarbonate of soda two drachms Milk eight fl. ounces Mix. In milky scall. A. T. Thomson. ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM. Hydriodic Acid. R. Tartaric acid two hundred and sixty- four grains Iodide of potassium three hundred and thirty grains Dissolve each in one fl. ounce and a half of distilled water. Mix the solutions, shake and let settle, filter, and add distilled water to make up measure of six and a quarter fl. ounces. Buchanan. Has the same properties as iodine; dose, at first a few drops, gradually to half a fl. ounce three times a-day. ACIDUM HYDROSULPHU- RICUM. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. R. Sulphuret of iron Sulphuric acid equal parts Pulverize the sulphuret, and gradually pour on it the acid diluted with three times its weight of water, and collect the gas. Van Mans. This gas is an active poison, but has been ad- ministered in colica pictonum and mercurial affections. It is, however, much employed ex- ternally in cutaneous diseases. Powder against Salivation. R. Sulphuret of magnesia one drachm Tartaric acid two scruples White sugar four scruples Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One to be taken every three hours in a little water, during the effervescence. Radius. Hydrosulphuretted Bath. R . Sulphuret of potash four ounces Water one pint ACIDUM LACTICUM— ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 73 Muriatic acid two drachms Pour the whole into the bath. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin, rheumatism, and certain cases of paralysis. Cadet de Gassicourt. Artificial Sulphuretted Water. R. Carbonate of soda twelve grains Liquid hydrosulphuric acid two pints Water six pints To be kept in well-closed bottles. Has been recommended in colica pictonum. Foy. Hydro sulphuretted Lotion. R. Sulphuret of potash twenty-four parts Water two hundred and fifty parts Dissolve, and add Sulphuric acid one part Used as a wash in chronic diseases of the skin. Dupuytren. ACIDUM LACTICUM. Lactic Acid. R. Sugar six pounds Tartaric acid half an ounce Boiling water twenty-six pounds Mix, and set aside for a few days, then add Old stinking cheese eight ounces well diffused in Curdled acid skimmed milk eight pounds Powdered chalk three pounds Place in a warm situation, so as to keep the mixture at a temperature of 86° to 95°. Stir often; in eight or ten days it will solidify into a stiff paste of lactate of lime ; now add twenty pounds of boiling water, and half an ounce of caustic lime, boil for half an hour, and filter through linen. Evaporate the liquid to the consistence of syrup, and set aside for four days; remove the lactate of lime, express, agitate with one-tenth of cold water, and express, re- peating this operation two or three times. Now dissolve in twice its weight of boiling water, and for every pound of the lactate, add three and a-half ounces of sulphuric acid diluted with an equal weight of water. Filter the hot liquid through a bag, and boil it with one pound and three-eighths of carbonate of zinc, for every pound of sulphuric acid, for a quarter of an hour. Filter whilst boiling hot, and let stand to crystallize; remove these crystalline crusts of lactate of zinc, and wash them with cold water. Then dissolve them in seven and a-half parts of boiling water, and pass through the solution a current of sulphu- retted hydrogen, till sulphuret of zinc no longer separates. Filter, boil the liquid, to expel the excess of sulphuretted hydro- gen, and evaporate on a water-bath to the consistence of syrup. Bensch. The juice of beets is to be permitted to ferment for two months in a warm place, then evaporate to the consistence of syrup, treat with alcohol, evaporate, dissolve the residuum in water, saturate, filter, concen- trate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crys- tals in water, purify by boiling with animal charcoal, filter whilst hot, treat with baryta and then with sulphuric acid; the lactic acid will be set free, and may be concen- trated in vacuo. Cottereau. Lactic acid is in the form of a colorless syrup, inodorous, but of a very sour taste. It attracts moisture from the air. It has been recom- mended by Magendie in dyspepsia, and may, perhaps, be useful in a phosphatic diathesis. Lozenges of Lactic Acid. R. Lactic acid two drachms Powdered white sugar one ounce G-um tragacanth q. s. Oil of vanilla four drops Mix, and form pastilles of half a drachm each, of which six may be taken during the day. They should be kept dry. Magendie. Lemonade oe Lactic Acid. R. Lactic acid one to four drachms Simple syrup two fl. ounces Water two pints Mix. Dose, a cupful several times a-day. Magendie. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. Muriatic Acid. Prepared by distilling common salt in a glass retort with sulphuric acid and water. It has a density of 1.16, a suffocating odor, an acrid and sour taste. Is is very volatile. It gives a curdy- white precipitate with nitrate of silver. It is never given internally except in a diluted form. Diluted Muriatic Acid. R. Muriatic acid four fl. ounces Distilled water twelve fl. ounces Mix. U. S. Ph. Gaseous Muriatic Acid. R. Common salt two parts Sulphuric acid three parts Mix. The muriatic acid fumes that arise are considered to be disinfectant, but are much inferior to chlorine. Swediaur. 74 ACIDUM NITRICUM. Muriatic Acid Bath. R. Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces Water fifty gallons Mix. Found useful in some chronic dis- eases of the skin. Soabeiran. Muriatic Acid Gargle. R. Muriatic acid two fl. drachms Honey two fl. ounces Barley water one pint Mix. Useful in the angina of scarlet fever, and in ulceration of the mouth and throat. Ratier. Muriatic Acid Lotion. R. Muriatic acid one part Water sixteen parts Mix. Advised as a wash for chilblains, and also found beneficial in lepra and other skin diseases. Foy. Muriatic Acid Pediluvium. R. Muriatic acid two fl. ounces Water eight pints Mix. Advised by Scott and others in chronic enlargements of the liver and spleen. Beral. Muriatic Acid Draught. R. Muriatic acid ten to twenty drops Barley water eight ounces Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three or four times a day. Has been advised in stone in the bladder. Ellis. Muriatic Acid Liniment. R. Balsam Peru Spermaceti White wax Muriatic acid, each Olive oil Water Rub well together. a-day. drachm two drachms two ounces six ounces To be applied twice Ratier. ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. Nitric acid of the specific gravity 1.5. Diluted Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid one fl. ounce Distilled water nine fl. ounces Mix. U. S. Ph. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in sweetened water, three times a-day. COLLUTORY OP NlTRIC ACID. R. Nitric acid one fl. scruple Honey of roses Syrup of mulberries, each, half fl. ounce Mix. To touch obstinate venereal ulcers in the mouth. Phoebus. Fomentation of Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid one part Distilled water ninety-six parts Mix. Used to destroy the fetid smell of foul ulcers ; also as a wash in itch. Soubeiran. Lotion of Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid half to one fl. drachm Laudanum one fl. drachm Rose water six fl. ounces Mix. To wash venereal ulcers. Phoebus. Nitric Acid Mixture. R. Nitric acid two fl. drachms Raspberry syrup three fl. ounces Sugar three ounces Water two pints A wineglassful, with as much Seltzer water, in fetid breath. Cadet. R. Nitric acid half fl. drachm Water one pint and a-half Syrup of cin- namon one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. In syphilis, chronic hepatitis, &c. A spoonful every two or three hours. Augustin. R. Nitric acid two fl. scruples Opium two grains Water two fl. ounces Syrup of cinnamon half fl. ounce Mix. A spoonful every hour, in barley water. In dysentery, cholera, &c. Ammon. R. Nitric acid half fl. drachm Gum Arabic Sugar, each, three drachms Water eight fl. ounces Mix. A small tablespoonful in water, as occasion may require. As a tonic, to arrest colliquative sweats, &c. Ellis. Ointment of Nitric Acid. R. Olive oil one pound Lard four ounces Nitric acid five fl. drachms and a half Melt the oil and lard together in a glass vessel; when, on cooling, they begin to stiffen, add the acid, and stir. Dub. Ph Used as application to porrigo, psora, &c. Liniment of Nitric Acid. Nitric acid Oil of turpentine Theriac Honey Alcohol two fl. ounces three fl. ounces three drachms one ounce six fl. ounces Mix. As a rubefacient, has been used in cholera. Foy. ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATICUM— ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 75 ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATI- CUM. Nitro-Muriatic Acid. R. Nitric acid by measure one part Muriatic acid two parts Mix in a refrigerated bottle, and keep in a cool, dark place. Dub. Ph. Nitro-Muriatic Acid Bath. R. Nitro-muriatic acid-bath six fl. ounces Water three gallons Mix. Recommended by Scott as a foot- bath in chronic hepatitis. ACIDUM OXALICUM. Oxalic Acid. This acid exists in many plants in combina- tion with lime or potash, but is usually obtained by the action of nitric acid on sugar or starch. It is in the form of colorless, transparent, pris- matic crystals, having no odor, but a very acid taste. This acid is an active poison in large doses. It is not used in medicine in this coun- try, but is employed in France. Lozenges of Oxalic Acid. R. Powdered oxalic acid one drachm White sugar eight ounces Gum tragacanth two scruples Water of orange peel five drachms Oil of lemons eight drops Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Cottereau. ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. Phosphoric Acid. R. Bones calcined to whiteness five parts Sulphuric acid three parts Water thirty parts Mix, and boil for an hour, constantly stir- ring, strain, evaporate the fluid to consist- ence of honey, pour on an oiled slab, and when cold break in pieces. Van Mons. This affords not pure phosphoric acid, but an acid phosphate of lime, yet is the formula recognized by the Batavian, Rus- sian, Prussian, Saxon, &c. Pharmacopoeias. R. Phosphorus one part Nitric acid eight parts Cut the phosphorus in small pieces, and add it very gradually to the acid, placed on a sand-bath; when all the phosphorus has been changed into an acid, evaporate to the consistence of a syrup. Guibourt. Diluted Phosphoric Acid. R. Phosphorus one ounce Dilute nitric acid four fl. ounces Distilled water ten fl. ounces Add the phosphorus gradually to the nitric acid and water in a glass retort, on a sand- bath, apply heat, and distil eight fl. ounces. Pour these back into the retort and again distil eight fl. ounces, which reject. Evaporate the residue in a plati- num crucible to two ounces and six drachms. When cold, add as much dis- tilled water as will make twenty-eight fl. ounces. London Ph. This acid is stated to be useful in nervous disorders, in lithiasis with phosphatic deposits, in morbid ossifications, in diabetes, to allay thirst, &c, and as a local application in caries. The dose of the dilute acid is from ten drops to a fl. drachm in gum water. Pills oe Phosphoric Acid. R. Phosphoric acid Assafoetida, each, three drachms Powdered calamus q. s. Make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, five to ten, three times a-day. Recommended in caries. Phoebus. Fomentation of Phosphoric Acid. R. Phosphoric acid one ounce Decoction of chamomile eight ounces Mix. Employed in caries, and as injec- tion in fistulas. Augustin. Phosphoric Tincture of Myrrh. R . Tincture of myrrh half an ounce Diluted phosphoric acid thirty drops Mix. Used in caries of the teeth or bones. Augustin. Phosphoric Acid Lemonade. R. Diluted phosphoric acid twenty-four drops Simple syrup two ounces Water two pints Mix. Dose, about an ounce to relieve thirst, in diabetes. Raiier. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. Dilute Sulphuric Acid. R. Sulphuric acid one fl. ounce Water thirteen fl. ounces Add the acid gradually to the water in a glass vessel, and mix them. U. S. Ph. Elixir of Vitriol. R. Sulphuric acid three and a-half fl. ounces Ginger, bruised one ounce Cinnamon, bruised, one ounce and a-half 7(3 Alcohol two pints Drop the acid gradually into the alcohol, digest in a close glass vessel for three days, add the ginger and cinnamon, macerate for a week, and then filter. U. S. Ph. Sulphuric Acid and Alcohol. R. Sulphuric acid four ounces Acetic acid Alcohol, each, two pounds Mis. Vulnerary, antiseptic, and astrin- gent. Dose, internally, twenty or thirty drops, in an appropriate vehicle. Exter- nally, as a lotion to foul ulcers and contu- sions, and to arrest bleeding. Campana. Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Ether. R. Sulphuric acid Nitric ether equal parts Mix very gradually. Dose, five to ten drops in an ounce of water. Found bene- ficial in spasmodic attacks, sinking, and hemorrhages. Vogler. Sulphuric Acid Lemonade. R. Sulphuric acid one part Simple syrup thirty-two parts Water one hundred and sixty parts Mix. As a cooling drink in hemorrhages, and also found useful as a preventive of the effects of lead. Beral. Sulphuric Acid Liniment. R. Sulphuric acid two drachms Olive oil two and a-half ounces Oil of turpentine one ounce Mix. In gentle frictions to chilblains, where the skin is not broken. Foy. Sulphuric Acld Ointment. R. Olive oil eight parts Add gradually, constantly stirring, Sulphuric acid five parts After standing for twenty-four hours, wash well in tepid water, till it will not redden litmus paper. Has been used in itch and paralysis, in frictions. Brugnatelli. ACIDUM TANNICUM. ACIDUM TANNICUM. Tannic Acid. R. Powdered galls Sulphuric ether of each a sufficient quantity Put into a glass adapter, loosely closed at its lower end with carded cotton, sufficient galls to fill about one-half of it, pressing the powder slightly. Then fit the adapter accurately to a receiver, fill it with sul- phuric ether, and close the upper end slightly with a cork. The liquid which passes into the receiver separates into two portions, the lower being the smaller and denser. Pour on additional ether until the lower stratum of liquid in the receiver no longer increases. Separate this, and evaporate to dryness in a capsule by a mo- derate heat, and reduce to powder. U. S. Ph. Tannic acid is of a yellowish-white colour, of a powerfully astringent taste, soluble in water, less so in alcohol or ether. It is a strong astrin- gent, and has been successfully used in hemor- rhages and other fluxes. The dose is from two to ten grains. Pills of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid six grains Gum Arabic twelve grains White sugar seventy-two grains Triturate well, and add Simple syrup sufficient to make pills of four grains each. Dose, one to four, morning and evening. Beral. Pills of Tannic Acid and Opium. R. Tannic acid half a drachm Extract of opium three-quarters of a grain Conserve of roses sufficient to make twenty pills. One every hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dumars. Gargle of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid one drachm Honey of roses two ounces Rose water two fl. ounces Distilled water eight ounces Mix. As a gargle, to arrest mercurial salivation. Beral. Injection of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid half a drachm Distilled water eight fl. ounces Dissolve. In gleet and leucorrhcea. Beral. Mixture of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid twelve grains Syrup of rhatany Syrup of gum, each, one ounce Camphor water four fl. ounces Mix. Six to twelve spoonfuls a-day, in diarrhoea. Beral. Ointment of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid Distilled water, each, two drachms Dissolve, and rub well with Lard twelve drachms ACIDUM TARTARICUM— ACONITUM. 77 ACIDUM TARTARICUM. Tartaric Acid. Is prepared from bi-tartrate of potash, by satu- rating the excess of acid -with chalk, and decom- posing the insoluble tartrate of lime by means of dilute sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystal- lizing. It is cooling and diuretic in doses of a drachm or more. Lozenges op Tartaric Acid. R. Powdered tartaric acid three drachms White sugar one pound Oil of lemons sixteen drops Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Make into lozenges of twelve grains. Used to allay thirst. Coltereau. Lemonade op Tartaric Acid R. Tartaric acid one drachm White sugar one ounce Water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve. For an agreeable acidulous drink. Foy. ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. Valerianic Acid. R. Valerian forty pounds Distilled water three hundred and twenty pints Distil, collect the oil, continuing the dis- tillation as long as the water is acid. Agi- tate the oil with milk of lime; nearly satu- rate the acid water by milk of lime, first adding that already used, and then fresh; and, lastly, add lime water to excess. Con- centrate till a pellicle appears, then decom- pose by nitric acid in a long, narrow flask with a ground stopper, decant the valeri- anic acid, which floats on the liquid, and distil it with a gentle heat till the distilled fluid ceases to be oily. P. L. Bonaparte. R. Valerian at will Boil the root for three or four hours with rather more than its bulk of water, in which an ounce of carbonate of soda is dissolved for every pound of the root, re- placing the water as it evaporates. Ex- press strongly; boil the residue twice with the same quantity of water, expressing each time. Mix the liquids, add two fl. drachms of strong sulphuric acid for every pound of the root, and distil till three- fourths of the liquid have passed over. Neutralize this by carbonate of soda, con- centrate, decompose the valerianate of soda by sulphuric acid, and separate the free valerianic acid by distillation. T. and IT. Smith. ACONITUM. Aconite. Monkshood. Many species of Aconitum are officinal in the various pharmacopoeias, but those recognized by the U. S. Ph. are Jl. napellus and A. paniculatum, both natives of Europe. Sex. Syst. Polyand. Trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ra- Linn. Sp.' PL 751. Griffith, Med. Bot. 90. The whole plant is possessed of highly dele- terious properties, but the root is the most power- ful. The leaves are, however, principally made use of. They have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, followed by a peculiar tingling and burning of the lips. They owe their properties to the presence of a peculiar principle called Aconitina. Compound Powder op Aconite. R. Powdered aconite leaves Precip. sulph. of antimon., each, one grain Carbonate of magnesia one scruple Mix. As an anodyne and diaphoretic in gout and rheumatism. Vogler. Extract op Aconite. R. Recent leaves of aconite one pound Moisten with water, bruise in a stone mor- tar, express the juice, and evaporate to proper consistence. XI. S. Ph. R. Recent leaves of aconite a sufficient quantity. Beat to a pulp, express the juice ; subject the residuum to displacement with rectified spirit, as long as the liquid is colored; unite the juice and the tincture; filter; distil off the spirit, and evaporate to a proper consistence on a vapor-bath. E. Ph. Both are uncertain preparations; when good, they should cause a numbness and tingling of the lips, in a few minutes after taking. Dose, one to two grains, to be gradually increased. Alcoholic Extract op Aconite. R. Monkshood one pound Diluted alcohol two pints Make a tincture by displacement; distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. If. S. Ph. Dose, one-sixth of a grain. Pills op Extract op Aconite. R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one grain Powdered liquorice twelve grains Syrup sufficient to form a consistent mass. Divide into six pills. Dose, one, every three or four hours. Turnbull. Aconite Plaster. R. A small portion of the alcoholic extract spread over the surface of common adhe- sive plaster. 78 ACONITINA. This has heen highly recommended in neuralgia, over the painful part. Curtis. Aconite Ointment. R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one part Lard two parts Recommended as a friction in neuralgia. Turnbidl. Compound Wine op Aconite. R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one drachm Antimonial wine one ounce Make a solution. Dose, fifteen or twenty drops every three hours, gradually in- creasing till some effect is produced. Found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, toothache, neuralgia, &c. Richtcr. Tincture of Aconite. R. Aconite four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter ; or prepare by displacement. Dose, five drops three times a-day. The effects should be carefully watched. In rheumatism, neu- ralgia, &c. It is also employed as an embrocation to the painful spots, by means of a small piece of sponge attached to a handle. U. S. Ph. Tincture op Root op Aconite. R. Root of aconite, in fine powder, sixteen ounces Alcohol .835 sufficient Mix the powder with a pint and a-balf of the alcohol, macerate for two days, put it into a displacer, cover the surface with a piece of filtering paper, and return the fluid until it becomes clear; then add alcohol in small portions, suffering one to disappear before adding another, until the amount displaced amounts to four pints, reduce this by evaporation to two pints ; filter, if necessary. W. Procter, Jr. Ammoniated Extract of Aconite. R. Alcohol, extract of aconite one drachm Water of ammonia ten drops Evaporate gently, to expel excess of am- monia. Ammoniated Aconite Ointment. R. Ammon. extract of aconite one drachm Lard three drachms Rub well together. Used for the same purposes as the aco- nite ointment, but more active and pun- gent. Turnbidl. Mixture of Aconite. R. Tincture of aconite one fl. drachm Carbonate of soda one drachm and a-half Sulphate of mag- nesia one ounce and a-half Water six fl. ounces Mix. In gastralgia. A tablespoonful, when the pain is urgent. Fleming. ACONITINA. ACONITINE. R. Aconite root, dried and bruised, two pounds Rectified spirit three gallons Diluted sulphuric acid Solution of ammonia Purified animal char- coal, each, sufficient Boil the aconite with a gallon of the spirit, for an hour, in a retort attached to a re- ceiver. Pour off the tincture, and repeat the operation a second and third time. Then express, mix the tinctures, filter, and distil off the spirit. Evaporate the resi- due to consistence of an extract. Dissolve this in water, and filter. Evaporate the solution with a gentle heat to consistence of syrup. Add to it the diluted acid mixed with distilled water. Drop in the solution of ammonia, and dissolve the precipitated aconitina in diluted sulphuric acid mixed with water. Then add the animal char- coal, occasionally shaking, for a quarter of an hour. Lastly, filter, and, having again dropped in the solution of ammonia, wash the precipitate and dry it. Lond. Ph. Not used internally, but successfully employed externally in neuralgia, gout, and rheumatism. Aconitine Ointment. R. Aconitine two grains Alcohol six drops Rub well together, and add Lard one drachm Turnbidl. R. Aconitine sixteen grains Olive oil half a drachm Lard one ounce Incorporate thoroughly. Turnbidl. These ointments are employed as frictions in neuralgia, over the painful parts. A small por- tion, not exceeding the size of a pea, is to be used at a time. The operation to be repeated three or four times a-day. Aconitine Lotion. R. Aconitine eight grains Alcohol two fl. ounces Dissolve. Used by means of a friction sponge over the affected part. Never to be employed where the skin is broken or abraded. Turnhull. ADIANTUM-^ETHER HYPONITROSUS. 79 ADIANTUM. Maidenhair. Two species of this genus, A. pedatum and A. capUlus veneris have been much used in Europe as remedies in pectoral affections. They are both bitter and aromatic, but the former is the most active, and is a native of the United States. Sex. Syst. Cryp. Fil. Nat. Syst. PolypodiaceaB. Infusion op Maidenhair. R. Maidenhair three drachms Liquorice root two drachms "Water sufficient to oh tain two pints of infusion. As a drink in catarrh. Syrup op Maidenhair. R. Maidenhair four ounces Boiling water three pints Infuse for two hours, strain, and add Sugar four pounds Clarify with white of egg, and add Maidenhair two ounces Digest for two hours, and strain. Cotter eau. This syrup is known under the name of syrup of capillaire, and is much employed in Europe as a pectoral. Compound Syrup op Maidenhair. R. Maidenhair five ounces Marsh mallow two drachms Asparagus root one ounce Liquorice root two ounces Water two pints Boil to a pint and a half, express, strain, and clarify, and add Sugar thirty-two ounces Make syrup. Wurtemberg Ph. ^THER ACETICUS. Acetic Ether. R. Alcohol (36 degrees) three thousand parts Acetic acid (10 degrees) two thousand parts Sulphuric acid (66 degrees) six hundred and twenty- five parts Mix the alcohol and acetic acid in a glass retort, add gradually the other acid, distil in a sand-bath four thousand parts, rectify this product with a small quantity of car- bonate of potassa to obtain three thousand parts. Cottereau. This ether is milder, more agreeable and dia- phoretic, than the other ethers. It is used in low fevers, spasmodic vomiting, cardialgia, in doses of ten drops to a drachm. Sphmt op Acetic Ether. R. Acetic ether one part Alcohol three parts Mix. This is employed as a substitute for Hoffmann's anodyne, in about the same doses. Giordano. Mixture of Acetic Ether. R. Acetic ether Ethereal tincture of valerian Tincture of opium equal parts Mix. Dose, from ten to thirty drops, in hysteria and hypochondriasis. Radius. .ETHER HYPONITROSUS. Nitrous Ether. R. Rectified spirit fifteen fl. ounces Pure nitric acid (1.500) seven fl. ounces Put the spirit with a little clean sand into a two pint matrass, fitted with a cork, through which are passed a safety tube, terminating an inch above the spirit, and another tube leading to a refrigerator. The safety-tube being filled with pure nitric acid, add through it gradually three and a-half fl. ounces of the acid. When the ebullition which ensues is nearly over, add the rest of the acid gradually, half a fl. ounce at a time, waiting till the ebulli- tion which slowly arises has subsided, and cooling the refrigerator with a stream of water. The ether which distils over, being received in a bottle, is to be agitated first with a little milk of lime, till it ceases to redden litmus paper, and then with half its volume of a concentrated solution of muriate of lime. Edin. Ph. This ether is stimulant, antispasmodic, car- minative, and diuretic. The dose is from ten to forty drops. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. R. Hyponitrous ether Rectified spirit Mix. one part four parts Edin. Ph. R. Nitrate of potassa, in powder, two pounds Sulphuric acid a pound and a-half Alcohol nine pints and a-half Diluted alcohol one pint Carbonate of potassa one ounce Mix the nitrate of potassa and the acid in a glass retort, and, having gradually added the alcohol, digest with a gentle heat for two hours ; then raise the heat and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor add the diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa, and again distil a gallon. U. S. Ph. JETHER HYDROCYANICUS— -ETHER SULPHURICUS. two drachms six ounces Diuretic, diaphoretic, and carminative. Dose, half a fl. drachm to three fl. drachms. Mixture op Sweet Spirit op Nitre. R. Sweet spirit of nitre one drachm Hoffmann's anodyne Aromatic ammoniated alcohol, each, Mint water Mix. Dose, a spoonful occasionally. Br era. Mixture op Hyponitrous Ether. R. Ipecacuanha half a drachm Boiling water sufficient To obtain six ounces of infusion, strain and acid Hyponitrous ether one drachm Extract of juniper berries one ounce Mix. Dose, a spoonful every two hours, in the dropsical swellings consecutive to scarlatina. Radius. ^ETHER HYDROCYANICUS. Hydrocynic Ether. R . Cyanuret of potassium Sulpho-vinate of barytes, equal parts Mix, and put in a glass retort, distil by a moderate heat. The product separates into two strata, the lighter of which is im- pure hydrocyanic ether ; this is to be sepa- rated and agitated with four or five times its bulk of water at 120° to 140° F., again agitated with a little water, decanted, and placed in contact with chloride of lime for twenty-four hours, and then distilled. Magendic. This preparation is said to resemble hydro- cyanic acid in its therapeutical effects, but is less active. Its smell is, however, penetrating and offensive. The dose is two to six drops, in mu- cilage or emulsion, in obstinate or convulsive coughs. .ETHER MURIATICUS. Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic acid Alcohol equal parts Distil in a "Wolf 's apparatus, and preserve the product contained in the second re- ceiver. Cottereua. It has much the same properties as the other ethers. Dose, thirty to forty drops. Spirit of Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic ether Alcohol equal parts Mix. Cottereau. Mixture op Muriatic Ether. R . Spirit of muriatic ether half a drachm Parsley water Syrup of rhubarb, each, one ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every hour for young children as a diuretic. Wendt. .ETHER SULPHURICUS. Sulphuric Ether. This is commonly known under the name of ether. It is an energetic diffusible stimtdant, and is much employed as an excitant and antispasmodic in what are termed nervous disorders. It it also considered to be anthelmintic. In vapor it has been used in small quantities as an inhalation in chronic irritations of the lungs, and of late under the name of letheon to induce unconsciousness to pain in surgical operations. The dose of the fluid is from half a fl. drachm to two drachms. When employed as an inhalation it should be purified. Rectified Sulphuric Ether. R. Sulphuric ether fourteen fl. ounces Potassa half an ounce Distilled water eleven fl. ounces Dissolve the potassa in two fl. ounces of the water, and add the ether to the solu- tion, shaking well ; then distil at 120° F. twelve ounces of rectified ether. Shake the distilled fluid with nine fl. ounces of water, and set them by for the water to subside, then pour off the ether and keep in a well-closed bottle. U. S. Ph. Ethereal Oil. R. Alcohol two parts Sulphuric acid four parts Mix. Distil till a black froth begins to arise, remove the retort from the fire, when cool, add water to the fluid in the receiver, and remove the oil that may float on the surface. Agitate this with a solution of potassa and separate the ethereal oil. Van Mom. Spirit of Sulphuric Ether, R . Rectified sulphuric ether half a pint Alcohol one pint Mix. U. S. Ph. Hoffmann's Anodyne. R . Spirit of sulphuric ether one pint Ethereal oil two fluidrachms Mix. U. S. Ph. Lotion of Sulphuric Ether. R . Sulphuric ether two fl. ounces Vinegar six fl. ounces Rose water four fl. ounces Distilled water two pints .ETHER TEREBINTHINATUS— ALLIUM. Mix. As a lotion to painful inflammatory tumors. Pierqidn. Syrup of Sulphuric Ether. R. Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce Syrup one pint Mix in a glass vessel, having a stop-cock at the lower part, shake occasionally for a week, and draw off when clear into small bottles. Par. Cod. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. R. "White sugar twenty-one ounces Distilled water six ounces Sulphuric ether two ounces Mix, and pour into a closed flask, agitate for some minutes, and add Distilled water six ounces Agitate occasionally for five clays, filter in a covered funnel. Paton. Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and Camphor. R. Camphor mixture seven fl. ounces Sulphuric ether Syrup of saffron, each, half fl. ounce Mix. Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and Turpentine. R. Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms Sugar four drachms Water two fl. ounces Mix. Two fl. drachms every quarter of an hour in poisoning by nux vomica. Orfila. iETHER TEREBINTHINATUS. Terebinthinated Ether. R. Alcohol two pounds Spirit of turpentine half a pound Mix, and add gradually Nitric acid two pounds Distil off one-half at a gentle heat. Dose, from twenty to forty drops, in syrup or mucilage. Used internally and externally in cases of biliary calculi, jaundice, en- gorgements of the liver, and rheumatism. Cadet. ALETRIS. Star Grass. Aletris farinosa. Linn. Bigelow. Am. Med. Bot. iii. GO. Griffith, Med. Bot. 623. Sex.Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat.Syst. Ha> modoracese. Brown. A native plant, with an intensely bitter root, which is the officinal portion. The powder is tonic in doses of ten grains. 6 81 Tincture of Aletris. R. Aletris root, bruised, three ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Make tincture by displacement. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce in colic, and in smaller doses in chronic rheumatism. ALLIUM, U.S. GrARLIC. Several species of Allium have been employed in medicine, but the most important, and that recognized by the Pharmacopoeia, is A. sativum. Linn. Griffith, Med. Bot. 653. The part used is the bulb, which is composed of several bulb- lets or cloves (spica), surrounded by a dry, white, thin capsular membrane. These cloves have a peculiar odor, and an acrid and pungent taste. The properties depend on the presence of a vola- tile oil, and are lost on drying. Sex. Syst. Hex. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Garlic is a stimulating expectorant; diuretic and diaphoretic when given internally, and acts as an irritant, or even vesicant, when applied externally. The dose in substance is from half a drachm to a drachm, or more. Syrup of Garlic. R. Fresh garlic two ounces Distilled vinegar one pint Sugar two pounds Macerate the garlic in the vinegar, in a glass vessel, for four days, express, and permit dregs to subside. Add sugar and form syrup s. a. U. S. Ph. As an expectorant in chronic catarrhs, well suited for children. Dose, for a child, about a teaspoonful. Cataplasm of Garlic. Bruised cloves of garlic, mixed with common bread and milk poultice, in differ- ent proportions. Used as a revulsive, but less active than the mustard cataplasm. Liniment of Garlic. R. Garlic Lard equal parts To be well rubbed together. Has been recommended as a revulsive in infantile nervous and convulsive disorders. Gassicourt. Capillary Lotion. R. Garlic three or four cloves Alcohol two pints Macerate for thirty-six hours, filter, and add of Burdock eight ounces The head to be sponged with this every evening, for some weeks. It is said to be effi- cient to promote the growth of hair. Pkxbu$> 82 ALOE Aloes. Under this name are included the inspissated juices of several species of aloes, and especially of A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, and A. spicata. Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 113. Griffith, Med. Bot. 649. Three varieties of aloes are found in the shops, the Cape, Socotrine, and Hepatic. The second, when genuine, is the most esteemed, but the first is by far the most abundant, and, when good, an- swers every purpose for which the drug is used. Dispens. U. S. art. Abe. Powder of Aloes. R. Aloes six grains White sugar one drachm Pulverize very finely. Recommended to be blown in the eye, to remove films and ks on the cornea. Radius. Powder of Aloes and Canella. R. Aloes one pound Canella bark three ounces Powder separately, and mix. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A popular emmenagogue, known as Hiera Picra. Compound Powder of Aloes. R. Aloes an ounce and a half Gruiacum resin one ounce Compound powder of cinnamon half an ounce Powder the aloes and resin separately, and then mix them with the compound powder of cinnamon. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Used as a purgative and diaphoretic. London Ph. Emmenagogue Powder. R . Iron rust six grains Powdered aloes two grains Magnesia thirty grains Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated three times a-day. Brera. Aloes Pills. R . Powdered aloes Soap, each, an ounce Form a mass, to be divided into two hun- dred and forty pills. Dose, one to three as a laxative, five or more as a purgative. U. S. Ph. Compound Pills of Aloes. R. Powdered aloes " rhubarb Oil of cloves half a drachm one drachm four drops Soap eight grains Syrup of rhubarb sufficient Rub well together, and form forty pills. In tardy menstruation, one at night or oftener if required, so as to open bowels but not to purge. Dewees. R. Powdered aloes one ounce Extract of gentian half an ounce Oil of caraway fort}' minims Beat together till incorporated. Lond. Ph. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A valuable purgative in habitual costiveness. Aloes and Assafetida Pills. R. Powdered aloes Assafetida Soap, each, half an ounce Beat with water to form a mass; divide into one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, two to five. Useful in costiveness with flatulency. U. S. Ph. Aloes and Myrrh Pills. R . Powdered aloes two ounces Powdered myrrh one ounce Saffron half an ounce Syrup sufficient Beat together, to form a mass ; divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, from three to six. A well-known cathartic and emmenagogue, under the name of Rufus' pills. Aloes and Iron Pills. R. Aloes two parts Sulphate of iron three parts Aromatic powder six parts Conserve of red roses eight parts Pulverize the aloes and sulphate of iron, mix the whole ingredients and beat into a mass, and divide into five grain pills. Dose, one to three. Edin. Ph. A useful emmenagogue in chlorosis and atonic amenorrhcea. Chapman's Aperient Pills. R. Aloes sixteen grains Powdered rhubarb twenty-four grains Mastic twelve grains Mix, and make twelve pills. Chapman. Chapman's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. R. Aloes half a drachm Powdered ipecacuanha ten grains Mastic thirty grains Oil of fennel eight drops Mix, and make twenty pills. Chapman. Mitchell's Aperient Pills. R. Aloes sixteen grains Powdered rhubarb thirty-two grains Calomel two grains Tartar emetic one grain Mix, and make sixteen pills. J. K. Mitchell. ALOE. Hooper's Pills. R. Aloes four hundred parts Sulphate of iron two hundred parts Extract of black hellebore Myrrh Soap, each, one hundred parts Powdered canella Powdered ginger, each, fifty parts Break into a mass with water, and divide into pills of two and a-balf grains. Much used as cathartic and emmenagogue. Journ. Phil Col. Pharm. v. 25. Anderson's Pills. R. Aloes seven hundred and eighty- seven parts Soap one hundred and thirty-one parts Colocynth Gamboge, each, thirty-three parts Oil of aniseed sixteen parts Reduce the aloes, colocynth, and gamboge to a very fine powder, add oil of aniseed and soap, and beat into a mass with water; divide into three grain pills. A mild pur- gative. Journ. Phil. Col. Pharm. v. 25. Lady "Webster's Pills. R. Aloes six drachms Mastich Red rose-leaves, each, two drachms Syrup of wormwood sufficient to form a mass. Divide into three grain pills, used as a laxative in costiveness, de- pendent on impaired digestion. Dose, one to three. A better form is to substitute powdered rhubarb for the rose-leaves. Cooley. Morrison's Pills. No. 1. R. Aloes Cream of tartar equal parts Mucilage sufficient to form mass. No. 2. R. Aloes three parts Gamboge two parts Colocynth one part Cream of tartar four parts Powder finely, and add Simple syrup sufficient to form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. These purge actively, especially No. 2. Cooley. Fuller's Pills. R. Aloes half a drachm Senna Myrrh, each, one scruple Assafetida Galbanum, each, ten grains Saffron Mace, each, five grains Sulphate of iron two scruples Simple syrup sufficient to form mass. Dose, five to fifteen grains, used as an antispasmodic and aperient. Cooley. James' Analeptic Pills. R. Antimonial powder Resin of guaiacum Aloes and myrrh pill equal parts Syrup sufficient Form a mass, and divide into four grain pills. A diaphoretic purgative. Cooley. Peters' Pills. R. Aloes Jalap Gamboge, each, two drachms Calomel one drachm Beat into a mass with alcohol. A power- ful purgative. Cooley, Speediman's Pills. R. Aloes Myrrh Rhubarb, each, one ounce Extract of chamomile half an ounce Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide into four grain pills. A good tonic and stomachic purge. Burnett. Splenetic Pills. R. Strained aloes Gum ammoniac, each, an ounce and a-half Myrrh Bryony, each, two drachms Beat into a mass, and divide into four grain pills. Dose, three to five. Extolled in amenorrhoea and hypochondriasis. Saunders. Duchesne's Pills. R. Aloes Gum ammoniac, each, twenty-four grains Myrrh six grains Mastich Carbonate of potassa, each, two grains Saffron one grain Simple syrup sufficient to make a mass. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Prescribed in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, supervening on inter- mittent fevers. Van Mons. Antichlorotic Pills. R. Aloes Iron rust, each, half a drachm Si ALOE. R two drachms Gum ammoniac one drachm Extract of dandelion sufficient to form mass. Divide into pills of three grains each. Dose, three to six, morning and evening, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. Radius. Bicker's Pills. Iron rust Sulphur Myrrh Aloes, each, one drachm Beef gall sufficient to form mass. Divide into four grain pills. Six, morning and evening. Radius. Whytt's Pills. R . Chloride of iron Aloes Extract of horehound, each, half a drachm Assafetida one drachm and a half Form a mass. Divide into two grain pills. Dose, four to five, three times a day, in leucorrhoea and hysteria with constipa- tion. Radius. Barthez's Pills. Aloes half a drachm Myrrh one drachm Musk twenty grains Camphor ten grains Balsam Peru sufficient to form mass. Dose, eight grains, three times a day. Advised in amenorrhoea and chlorosis. Picrquin. Pitschaft's Eccoprotic Pills. R. Strained aloes Sulphate of quinine, each, one scruple Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, one from time to time in the evening. Found useful in torpor of the large intes- tines. Radius. Frank's Pills. R. Aloes Jalap, each, four parts Rhubarb one part Syrup of wormwood sufficient to form mass. Divide into three grain pills. Dose, one to four during the day. These are the Grains de Sanie, so much em- ployed as dinner pills in Europe. Foy. Aloes and Rhubarb Pills. R. Powdered aloes Rhubarb, each, half a drachm Soap sufficient to form mass. Divide into twenty-five pills. Three or four occasionally in dys- pepsia with costiveness. Ellis. GrRIFFITTS' PlLLS. R . Powdered rhubarb one drachm and a half Sulphate of iron half a drachm Soap two scruples Water sufficient to form mass. Divide into forty pills. A favorite remedy with the late Dr. S. P. Griffitts, to remove costiveness and impart tone to the bowels. Three or four, to be taken at bed time. Aperient Pills. R. Aloes Rhubarb, each, one drachm Ipecacuanha six grains Soap one scruple Form mass with water, and divide into sixty-four pills. Dose, one at bed time, as an aperient; two or three as a purga- tive. Ellis. Pills of Aloes and Blue Mass. R. Blue mass. one scruple Powdered aloes twenty-five grains Incorporate, and divide into fifteen pills. Dose, one every two hours till they ope- rate. Useful in constipation where there is a deficiency of bile. Ellis. Laxative Electuary. R. Aloes eight grains Cream of tartar two drachms Honey sufficient to form electuary. For a single dose. Advised in amenorrhoea attributed to ab- dominal engorgement. Brera. Anthelmintic Suppository. R. Aloes half an ounce Common salt three drachms Flour two ounces Honey sufficient to form a firm paste. As a suppository in cases of ascarides. Foy. Compound Decoction of Aloes. R. Extract of liquorice seven drachms Carbonate of potassa one drachm Powdered aloes myrrh Saffron, each, one drachm and a-half Compound tincture of cardamoms seven fl. ounces Distilled water one pint and a-half Boil down the liquorice, carbonate of po- tassa, aloes, myrrh, and saffron with the water to a pint, strain, and add the com- pound tincture of cardamom. Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. A mild ca- thartic, tonic, antacid, and emmenagogue. Land. Ph. ALOE. 85 Clauder's Elixir. R. Carbonate of potassa Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce Elder-flower water a pint and a-half Make a solution, and add Strained aloes Myrrh, each, one ounce Saffron two drachms Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Has been recommended in obstructions of the abdominal viscera, in amenorrhoea, consti- pation, scurvy, &c. Pideret Detersive Injection. R. Strained aloes ten grains Muriate of ammonia four grains Honey of roses one ounce Fennel water six ounces Make solution, and filter. Stated to be useful in chronic discharges from the ure- thra, to be injected three or four times a day. Soubeiran. Anthelmintic Clyster. R. Powdered aloes one drachm Barley water one pint Mix. Very effectual against ascarides in the rectum. Radius. Aloetic Mixture. R. Strained aloes Myrrh, each, one drachm Cream of tartar half an ounce Myrrh water six ounces Make solution, and filter. Dose, a spoon- ful night and morning, to provoke hemor- rhoids. Foy. Wine op Aloes. R. Aloes one ounce Cardamom Ginger, each, one drachm Wine one pint Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally agitating, then filter. U. S. Ph. Purgative, in doses of half an ounce to two ounces, stomachic and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms. Alkaline Wine op Aloes. R. Aloes Myrrh Saffron, each, one ounce Carbonate of potassa two ounces Wine two pints Digest for ten days, and filter. Bitter, tonic and stimulant. Recommended in dyspepsia with pyrosis, in doses of an ounce. Swediaur. Balsamic Wine op Aloes. R. Aloes Myrrh Olibanum Angelica, each, half an ounce Balsam Peru one ounce Storax two ounces Benzoin three ounces Flowers of hypericum four handfuls Wine four pints Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Tincture op Aloes. R. Powdered aloes one ounce Liquorice three ounces Alcohol half a pint Distilled water one pint and a-half Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Dose, two drachms to an ounce. Purgative and stomachic. U. S. Ph. Tincture op Aloes and Myrrh. R. Powdered aloes three ounces Saffron one ounce Tincture of myrrh two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. IT. S. Ph. three ounces four ounces three ounces Soubeiran. Long celebrated under the name of elixir pro- prietatis. It is purgative, stomachic, and em- menagogue. The dose is half a drachm to a drachm. Well suited to cold, torpid habits. Ethereal Tincture op Aloes. R. Myrrh one ounce and a-half Spirit of sulphuric ether one pound Digest for four days, and add Aloes one ounce and a-half Saffron one ounce Again digest for four days, and filter. Edin. Ph. This tincture has been highly esteemed as stomachic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Boerhaave's Elixir. R. Aloes Myrrh Saffron, each, one ounce Tartrate of potassa two ounces Alcohol fourteen ounces Distilled water eight ounces Macerate for three days, and filter. Han. Ph. This has been highly praised in visceral ob- structions. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. R. Tincture of aloes Tincture of myrrh Tincture of saffron Mix. 86 ALTHAEA— ALUMINA. Elixir. one drachm four drachms Stoughton R. Aloes Cascarilla, each, Rhubarb Wormwood Germander Gentian Orange peel, each, six drachms Alcohol two pints Macerate for four days, and filter. Foy. Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic, in doses of twenty or thirty drops. Elixir of Garus. R. Saffron one ounce Myrrh two ounces Aloes ten ounces Cinnamon Nutmeg, each, half an ounce Orange-flower water one pound Alcohol sixteen pounds Macerate for two days and distil off eight pounds, to which add Syrup of maidenhair two pounds And color with caramel, dissolved in Orange-flower water eight ounces This preparation can scarcely be considered as a medicine, but is rather an agreeable liqueur. Soiibeiran. Ointment op Aloes. R. Powdered aloes two drachms Lard one ounce Triturate well. Has been recommended as a friction to the abdomen as a vermifuge in children. Soiibeiran. ALTHAEA. MARsn Mallow. Several species of Mallow are employed in medicine, but that which is officinal is Jl. offici- nalis, a herbaceous perennial, with pale purplish flowers, a native of Europe, in moist situations. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. Polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 966. Griffith, Med. Bot. 161. The parts used are the roots and leaves. These are inodorous, and have a vapid mucila ginous taste. They are much employed in Europe as demulcent and emollient, but their place is supplied in this country by other arti- cles. Decoction of Marsh Mallow. R. Marsh mallow dried four ounces Raisins, stoned, two ounces Water seven pints Boil down to five pints. Strain, and set aside until the dregs have subsided, and decant. Dub. Ph. A good demulcent drink. Syrup of Marsh Mallow. R. Marsh mallow root eight ounces Sugar two and a-half pounds Water four pints Boil down the water with the root to one half, and press out the cooled liquor. Set by for dregs to subside, then decant, add the sugar, and boil to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. A demulcent, but not equal to the syrup of gum Arabic. Marsh Mallow Paste. R. Marsh mallow root powdered Wheat flour, each, three parts White sugar six parts Mucilage of gum Arabic two parts Mix, and form paste. Beral. A good demulcent in irritation of the throat. Marsh Mallow Lozenges. R. Powdered mallow root one part White sugar seven parts Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Form into lozenges of sixteen grains each. Cottereau. Marsh Mallow Ointment. R. Flaxseed Mallow root, each, one pound Water sufficient to make a thick mucilage; strain, and add Lard, melted, six pounds Evaporate, and add Resin eight ounces Turpentine Yellow wax, each, one pound Melt the whole together. Beral. Powder of Marsh Mallow. R. Powdered mallow root liquorice root, each, three ounces nitre half an ounce camphor one drachm Mix, and divide into thirty powders ; one to be taken three times a-day. Foy. ALUMINA. Alumine. The hydrate of alumine is found naturally in an impure state in the form of different clays, boles, &c, and can be prepared in a pure state by the decomposition of alum. Hydrate of Alumine. R. Alum any quantity Distilled water sufficient to dissolve the salt, add gradually a solu- tion of carbonate of potassa, digest at a moderate temperature for a short time, ALUMINA ACETAS-ALUMIN^E ET POTASS^E SULPHAS. 87 until a precipitate no longer takes place, wash this carefully, and dry. Sax. Ph. Rust's Astringent. R. Armenian bole Carbonate of magnesia White sugar, each, two drachms Oil of mace two drops Rhubarb one drachm Mix, and triturate well. Radius. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a-day, in chronic gonorrhoea, vaginal and uterine catarrh and slight menorrhagia. Electuary for the Teeth. R . White bole an ounce and a half Gum lac half an ounce Cinnamon a drachm and a half Syrup of pinks sufficient to form soft paste. Triturate well together and keep in closed boxes. Used as a dentifrice, but also beneficial in scorbutic gums. Swediaur. ALUMINA ACETAS. Acetate of Alumine. R. Alum a sufficient quantity Dissolve in water, precipitate by means of aqua ammonia, filter, and dissolve the moist precipitate in acetic acid, and again filter. This has been recommended diluted with water in chronic diarrhoea, and mixed with syrup of poppies in slight cases of hemoptysis. Van Mons. ALUMINA SULPHAS. Sulphate op Alumine. R . Alum a sufficient quantity Dissolve in water, precipitate by aqua am- monia, filter, and dissolve the moist pre- cipitate in dilute sulphuric acid and again filter; evaporate and crystallize. Detergent Wash. R. Sulphate of alumine two drachms Water half a pint Mix. As a wash to foul ulcers. Pennypaclcer. Mr. Gannal has found that a solution of this salt, made with about a pound to the quart of water, will preserve a body fresh for a longtime, if injected into the blood-vessels; where it is only wished to preserve the body for a month or six weeks, an enema of one quart or an in- jection of about a quart into the oesophagus is sufficient. Dunglison, N. R. ALUMINA ET POTASS.E SULPHAS. Alum. Several varieties of alum are known in com- merce, all containing more or less sulphate of iron. Most of that used in this country is of domestic manufacture. Alum is employed both internally and exter- nally as an astringent, in doses of ten grains to a scruple or more. Burnt Alum. R. Alum any quantity Melt in an iron or earthen vessel over a fire, and continue the heat till it ceases to bubble and becomes dry, then rub it into powder. U. S. Ph. Astringent, and a mild escharotic. It is much used to repress the growth of exuberant granu- lations or proud flesh. Powder of Alum. R. Alum one drachm Gum Arabic half a drachm Triturate, and divide into four powders, one to be taken every three hours in atonic hemorrhagia. Radius. R. Alum a drachm and a half Catechu one drachm Armenian bole one ounce Triturate well. To arrest hemorrhagia. Van Mons. R. Alum Kino Triturate well, in hemorrhage R. Alum thirty grains Powdered opium three grains Mix, and make six powders, one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. R. Alum one drachm Powdered opium four grains " cinnamon one scruple Mix and triturate, divide into four powders, one to be taken every four hours, in menor- rhagia or in diarrhoea. Radius. R. Alum two drachms Powdered opium three grains " kino one scruple Sugar of milk one drachm Mix, triturate, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every three hours, in fluxes. Phoebus. Escharotic Powder of Alum. \l. Burnt alum Yellow oxide of iron Savine, each, equal parts four parts one part Dose, ten to twenty grains, or diarrhoea. Landerer. ALUMINA ET POTASS^ SULPHAS. Triturate well. As an eseharotic to vene- real excrescences. Swediaur. Alum Errhine. R. Alum Armenian bole, each, one drachm Kino half a drachm Red oxide of iron two drachms Mix, and triturate. As an errhine in epis- taxis. Radius. Gargles op Alum. R. Alum Nitrate of potassa, each, three ounces Cream of tartar four ounces Acetic acid four pounds Dissolve, evaporate to dryness, and powder the residuum. Half an ounce, dissolved in eight ounces of water, forms a gargle which has been highly praised in inflam- mation of the fauces and tonsils. Wirtem. Ph. R. Alum Water Dissolve. Said to breath is offensive. two drachms four fl. ounces useful where the Gavarra. Odontalgic Solution of Alum. R. Finely powdered alum two drachms Spirit of nitric ether seven fl. drachms Dissolve. Stated to be an almost infalli- ble cure for toothache. Blake. Boluses of Alum. R. Alum Extract of Peruvian bark Nutmeg, each, half a scruple Simple syrup sufficient to make a bolus. Prescribed in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated as may be required. Ellis. R. Alum five grains Extract of rhatany eighteen grains Conserve of rose hips half a drachm Astringent syrup sufficient to make ten boluses. Dose, one every three or four hours. Foy. Alum Pills. R. Alum six grains Opium Catechu, each, one grain Mix, and form into six pills. One to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhages and atonic mucous discharges. Ellis. R . Alum two drachms Kino Honey of roses, each, one drachm Make pills, of six grains each. Dose, one to six a day, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. R. Alum Extract of Peruvian bark Muriate of iron and ammonia Aromatic powder, each, a drachm and a half Oil of cinnamon twelve drops Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, four to six, morning and evening, in pas- sive hemorrhages and mucous discharges. Augustin. Astringent Pills of Alum. R. Alum Catechu equal parts Extract of gentian sufficient to make pills of two grains each. Dose, four every three hours. Useful in diar- rhoea, and especially in leucorrhcea. Radius. Pills of Alum and Benzoin. R. Alum one scruple Benzoic acid five grains Gum Arabic White sugar, each, ten grains Mix, with sufficient water to form thirty- five pills, to be taken in two days. Have been thought useful in phthisis pulmonalis. Augustin. Electuaries of Alum. R. Alum one drachm Catechu Extract of Peruvian bark, each, two drachms Conserve of roses six drachms Simple syrup sufficient to make an electuary. Dose, one drachm every four hours. In chronic diarrhoea, leucorrhcea, and passive hemorrhages. St. Marie. R. Alum one drachm Extract of logwood half an ounce Balsam Peru six drops Water of sage sufficient Make an electuary. Astringent and anti- septic, recommended in sponginess of the gums. Phoebus. Alum Collyrium. R . Alum twelve to twenty grains Rose water four fl. ounces Dissolve. As an application in chronic ophthalmia. Ellis. Alum Curd. R. Powdered alum half a drachm White of egg one ALUMINA ET POTASSiE SULPHAS. Agitate well till a coagulum is formed. To be applied on a rag to inflamed eyes. To be removed when it becomes warm. Ellis. Solutions of Alum. R. Burnt alum Sulphate of zinc, each, half an ounce Distilled water two pints Dissolve. R. Alum one drachm Sulphate of zinc half a drachm Borax four grains Rose water six ounces Dissolve. Used as an astringent in bruises, slight hemorrhages, and mucous discharges. Cadet de Gassicourt. R. Alum half a drachm Armenian bole six drachms Vinegar Red wine, each, half an ounce Mix the powdered bole to the solution of the alum in the vinegar, and add the wine. Used as a local application in epistaxis. Swediaur. Gargles op Alum. R. Alum one drachm Wine one pound Tincture of bark four drachms myrrh two drachms Honey of roses two ounces Laudanum one scruple Mix. As a gargle in scurvy of the gums. Foy. R. Alum one drachm Infusion of red roses Barley water, each, three ounces Add to the solution Honey of roses two ounces Ratier. R. Powdered oak bark one ounce Boiling water a pint and a half Evaporate to one pint, filter, and add Alum half a drachm Brandy two fl. ounces Used as a gargle in inflammation of the mouth and throat. Awjustin. Injections of Alum. R. Alum one drachm Rose water two ounces Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Foy. R. Alum Sulphate of iron, each, twelve grains Honey of roses one ounce ^ Barley water five fl. ounces Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Radius. 89 R. Stramonium half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add to infusion Alum two drachms to an ounce In cancerous affections of uterus. Foy. Alum Injection. R. Infusion of flaxseed fifteen fl. ounces Alum two drachms Tincture of kino one ounce Mix. As an injection in cauliflower ex- crescence of the uterus. Clarice. Julep of Alum. R. Alum two drachms Sulphuric acid ten drops. Essence of citron six drops Syrup of lemon two ounces Water three ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in lead colic. Radius. Alum Liniment. R . Alum half an ounce Whites of eggs four Spirit of camphor two ounces Mix. As an application to bed sores. Augustin. Lotions of Alum. R. Alum Sulphate of zinc, each, two drachms Plantain water two pints Mix. As a wash to wounds and bleeding ulcers. Cadet de Gassicourt. R. Alum three drachms Muriate of ammonia one drachm Liquid hydrosulphuric acid one scruple Rose water half a pint Mix. As a wash, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Alibert. Alum Whey. R. Cow's milk one pint Powdered alum a drachm and a-half Mix, separate the curd, and add to the whey White sugar one ounce Dissolve. In passive hemorrhages. A wineglassful occasionally, to be taken cold. Foy. Aromatic Alum Whey. R. Powdered alum one drachm Sugar of milk half a drachm Powdered cinnamon fifteen grains Cow's milk a pint and a-half Boil, and strain after coagulation. To be taken in cupful doses, cold, in hemor- rhagia. Niemann. 90 AMMONIA. Alum Draughts. R. Alum one to two drachms Syrup of gum two ounces Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. Dose, a wineglassful every six hours, in lead colic and uterine hemorrhages. Guiboxirt. R. Alum two drachms Wine ' four ounces Gum tragacanth Catechu, each, a drachm Water eight ounces Mix. One or two spoonfuls every hour in lead colic. Radius. Anglo-Saxon Ointment. R. Red lead Olive oil White wax, each, one pound Powdered amber Burnt alum Camphor, each, two drachms Heat the oil until it becomes of a reddish- brown color, add the red lead and con- tinue the heat; when the mass has the consistence of a plaster, add the amber, and finally, when it cools, the alum and camphor. Highly spoken of as a dressing to foul ulcers. Niemann. Ointment for Chilblains. R. Sweet almonds, blanched, half a pound Honey six ounces Camphor Flour of mustard Burnt alum Olibanum, each, two ounces Yolk of eggs three Triturate well. This paste is to be thinned in a little water, and rubbed on the in- flamed parts night and morning, and then washed off in tepid water, and afterward the parts well dried with a linen cloth. Swediaur. Rust's Ointment. a drachm and a-half B. Alum Camphor Opium, each, a scruple to half a drachm Balsam Peru one drachm Lead ointment half an ounce Triturate well together. Found useful as an application to frosted limbs. Phoebus. Pile Ointment. R. Powdered alum four scruples Simple cerate five ounces and a-half Mix, and triturate well. As an applica- tion to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. AMMONIA. Ammonia. This, under ordinary circumstances, exists as a gas, which is readily taken up by water or alcohol. Water absorbs nearly 800 times its volume of the gas at 32° F., and this solution possessing the properties of the gas is usually employed. Water of Ammonia. R . Pulverized muriate of ammonia Quicklime, each, one pound Distilled water one pint Water nine fl. ounces Break the lime in pieces, pour the water upon it in a proper vessel, cover this and permit it to rest until the lime slacks and is cold. Mix this with the muriate of am- monia in a mortar, and introduce the mix- ture into a glass retort. Place the retort on a sand-bath, and adapt to it a receiver connected by means of a glass tube with a quart bottle containing the distilled water. Apply heat, and continue as long as am- monia comes over. Remove the fluid in the bottle, and keep in small well-closed bottles. The liq. ammon. fort, has a sp. gr. of 0.880, and the usual liq. ammonise that of 0.960; one fl. ounce of the former with three of water will form the latter. U. S. Ph. Liniment of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia half a fl. ounce Olive oil two fl. ounces Mix. Used as a rubefacient, and counter- irritant. U. S. Ph. Compound Liniment of Ammonia. R. Stronger water of ammonia five fl. ounces Spirit of camphor two fl. ounces Spirit of rosemary one fl. ounce Mix well. More powerful than the simple liniments. Edin. Ph. Granville's Lotion. (Milder.) R. Water of ammonia (-872) four fl. drachms Spirit of rosemary three fl. drachms Spirit of camphor (one § to Oj) one fl. drachm Mix. (Stronger.) R. Solution of ammonia five fl. drachms Spirit of rosemary two fl. drachms Spirit of camphor one fl. drachm Mix. As a counter irritant. Gray. Gargle of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia (.960) half fl. ounce AMMONLE ACETAS. 91 To be added to a strained decoction of Mallows Dry figs, each, six drachms Cow's milk sixteen ounces Employed as a resolvent in certain cases of angina. Pringle. Injection of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia one scruple Cow's milk one ounce Mix. An an emmenagogue this injection is to be used three times a-day. It induces a mucous flow, often followed by the ap- pearance of the catamenia. It must be used with great caution, and made less stimulating at first. Lavagna. Mixture op Ammonia. R . Water of ammonia Carbonate of potassa, each, two drachms Cinnamon water four ounces Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, in cardialgia and acidity of the stomach. Jourdan. Mixture op Ammonia and Ether. R . Water of ammonia Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms Peppermint water four ounces Syrup of cinnamon one ounce Mix. A spoonful every hour. Said to be very useful in bites of venomous snakes. Radius. Ammoniacal Sinapism. R. Flour of mustard one ounce and a-half Rye flour half an ounce Water of ammonia sufficient To form a cataplasm. This is more active than the simple mus- tard poultice. Phoebus. Lotion op Ammonia. R . Water of ammonia Spirit of thyme Spirit of camphor equal parts Mix. As a lotion to the forehead, or ap- plied to the temples, in compresses, in sick- headache. JSwediaur. Fetid Spirit op Ammonia. R. Ammoniated alcohol two pints Assafetida two ounces Macerate for twelve hours. Then, by a gentle heat, distil off a pint and a-half into a cooled receiver. Lond. Ph. Employed as a stimulant and antispasmodic, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Steer' R. Alcohol Opodeldoc. eight pints twenty ounces four fl. ounces eight ounces Water of ammonia Camphor Oil of rosemary of monarda, each, one fl. ounce Dissolve the soap in the alcohol with a gentle heat, add the other articles, suffer • the impurities to subside, and pour into vials whilst warm. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Liquid Opodeldoc. R. Dry Spanish soap sixty parts Camphor fifteen parts Alcohol five hundred parts Oil of thyme four parts of rosemary three parts Solution of ammonia thirty parts Mix, dissolve, and filter. Giseke. Plaster op Ammonia. R. Strong water of ammonia one ounce Camphor two ounces Opium fifteen grains Ammoniac Saffron Glum plaster Gralbanum plaster, each, half an ounce Mix well. For corns. A thick layer of this plaster is to be spread on a piece of linen or kid-skin, of the exact size of the corn, as it will blister the sound skin. La Foret. Sulphuretted Ammoniacal Liniment. R . Water of ammonia one ounce Camphor half a drachm Sulphuret of potassium four drachms Olive oil six ounces Mix. Recommended as an application in tenia capitis. Bories. Terebinthinate Ammoniacal Lini- ment. R . Oil of chamomile of henbane Essence of turpentine, each, two fl. ounces Water of ammonia Tincture of capsicum, each, one ounce Camphor half an ounce Mix well. A very stimulating liniment, found beneficial in asthenic gout and chro- nic rheumatism. Amnion. AMMONITE ACETAS. Acetate op Ammonia. Solution op Acetate op Ammonia. R. Diluted acetic acid one pint 02 AMMONIA CARBONAS. Carbonate of am- monia a sufficient quantity Add the carbonate gradually to the acid, stirring constantly until all effervescence ceases. U. S. Ph. A valuable diaphoretic in febrile and inflam- matory diseases, when aided by warmth, other- wise acts as a diuretic. Dose, half a fl. ounce to a fl. ounce every three or four hours. It is also a good refrigerant lotion. It is known as the spirit of minder -erus. Cataplasm with Acetate of Am- monia. R. Extract of hemlock one ounce of henbane half an ounce Powder of belladonna one drachm Solution of acetate of am- monia sufficient to form a cataplasm. Has been found useful in ulcerated cancerous sores. Radius. COLLYRIUM OF ACETATE OF AMMONIA. R. Solution of acetate of ammonia Rose water equal parts In chronic ophthalmia. Saunders. Gargle of Acetate of Ammonia. R. Solution of acetate of ammonia Honey of roses, each, one ounce Elder water eight ounces Mis. Recommended by Wendt in scarla- tina anginose with ulcerations. Phoebus. Mixture of Acetate of Ammonia. R . Solution of acetate of ammonia two fl. ounces Cinnamon water one fl. ounce Antimonial wine one fl. drachm Distilled water two fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. Ellis. R. Camphor mixture Solution of acetate of ammonia, each, half a fl. ounce Antimonial wine Laudanum, each, twenty drops Mix. To be taken at bedtime, or oftener, in which latter case the laudanum to be diminished. Ellis. R. Liquid acetate of ammonia half fl. ounce Camphor mixture seven fl. drachms Antimonial wine fifteen drops Syrup of saffron half a fl. drachm Mix. To be taken three times a-day. Burke. AMMONIA ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Ammonia. R. Arsenic acid one ounce Strong water of ammonia sufficient to saturate the acid. To be left to evaporate and crystallize spontaneously. Cottereau. Solution of Arseniate of Ammonia. R. Arseniate of ammonia eight grains Water eight ounces Angelica water four drachms Mix. Has been recommended, in doses of twenty to thirty drops, in obstinate cuta- neous affections. Soubeiran. AMMONITE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Muriate of ammonia one pound Dried carbonate of lime one pound and a-half Pulverize them separately, then mix them thoroughly, and sublime into a cooled re- ceiver. U. S. Ph. Aromatic Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia one pound Oil of lavender three ounces verbena half an ounce Grind together, and sublime with a gentle heat. R. Muriate of ammonia one drachm Caustic potassa three drachms Grind together, and add Oil of lemons fifteen drops Cooley. R. Carbonate of ammonia half an ounce. Oil of peppermint cajeput, each, twelve drops Mix, and keep in closed bottle. Phoebus. R. Powd. carb. ammon. one ounce Stronger sol. of ammon. half a fl. ounce Oil of rosemary Oil of bergamot, each, ten drops Mix, and while moist, put in a wide-mouth bottle, which is to be well closed. All these are used as smelling salts in faint- ness, &c. Potion of Carbonate of Ammonia. R . Carbonate of ammonia ten grains Cinnamon water one ounce Tincture of allspice half a drachm Syrup of saffron half an ounce Mix. To be taken before going to bed. Phoebus. AMMONITE CARBONAS. 93 R. Comp. tinct. of ammonia two fl. drachms and a-half Camphor water seven fl. ounces Tincture of castor one fl. drachm Simple syrup three fl. drachms Mix. Two spoonfuls in an hysteric attack. Ainslie. Pills of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia Powdered capsicum cloves mace, each, one scruple Oil of caraway five drops Extract of gentian twelve grains Simple syrup sufficient to form twenty pills. One every two hours in gout in the stomach. Parrish. Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia. R . Carbonate of ammonia Powdered white sugar gum Arabic, each, a drachm and a-half Compound spirits of lavender two fl. drachms Mint water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. If required, forty to fifty drops of laudanum may be added to the mixture. Ellis. Useful in low states of the system. Draught with Carbonate of Ammo- nia. R Valerian one scruple Carbonate of ammonia ten grains Cinnamon water two fl. ounces Mix. To be taken every four hours, in depression of the spirits and nervous head- ache. Ellis. Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia and Ginger. R. Powdered ginger fifteen grains Carbonate of ammonia eight grains Spirit of cinnamon two fl. drachms Water one and a-half fl. ounces Mix. To be taken in gout or cramp in the stomach. Ellis. Drops of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia twenty parts Oil of lavender one part Alcohol four parts Distil. Dose, thirty or forty drops in nervous headache. Cottereau. Ointment of Carbonate of Ammonia. R . Carbonate of ammonia one part Simple cerate eight parts Mix. Used in frictions to the throat in croup. Foy. Plaster of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia Opium, each, fifteen grains. Camphor half a drachm Oil of cajeput twenty drops Gralbanum plaster half an ounce Mix. Said to be useful as an application to the pit of the stomach to arrest vomit- ing in sea-sickness. Phcebus. Camphorated Ammoniacal Liniment. R . Liquid carbonate of ammonia four parts Oil of olives sixteen parts Spirit of camphor three parts Mix. As a revulsive embrocation. Swediaur. Ammoniacal Ointment. R . Carbonate of ammonia one drachm Rose ointment one ounce Oil of jasmine four drops Mix. Recommended as a friction, three or four times a-day, in engorgements of the mammae. GtOndret's Ammoniacal Ointment. R. Suet Hog's lard, each, one part Strong water of ammonia two parts Melt the fats and incorporate the ammo- nia. Soubeiran. R. Hog's lard seven drachms Oil of almonds a drachm and a-half Strong water of ammonia five drachms Melt the lard, mix it with the oil, pour into a wide-mouthed bottle with a glass stopper, add the ammonia, agitate well. Keep in a cool place. Rubbed on the skin it causes rubefaction, and, if covered with a compress, speedily vesicates. A useful rubefacient and counter-irritant. Gondret. Compound Tincture of Ammonia. R. Mastic two drachms Alcohol nine fl. drachms Oil of lavender fourteen drops Oil of amber four drops Strong water of ammonia one pint Dissolve the mastic in the alcohol, and fil- ter; add the other ingredients, and agitate them well. Well known under the name of caw de luce as a remedy in bites of venomous reptiles. It is a good antispasmodic, in doses of from ten to forty drops; and also forms a stimulating embroca- tion. Land. Ph. 04 AMMONIA CITRAS— AMMONIA HYDROSULPHAS. Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Alcohol twenty fl. ounces Quicklime one pound Muriate of ammonia one pound Water nine fl. ounces Prepare as directed for water of ammonia. U. S. Ph. ArOxMAtic Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Ammoniated alcohol one pint Oil of rosemary lemons, each, two fl. drachms cloves cinnamon, each, half a fl. drachm Mix the oils, add the ammoniated alcohol, and pour in as much water as will prevent empyreuma in distilling; distil a pint with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph., 1830. Mixture of Ammoniated Alcohol. R . Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce Oil of amber one drop mace two drops aniseed cloves cinnamon, each, three drops Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops in sweet- ened gum water, in anorexia and flatus. Ammon. Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Alcohol twenty-four parts Oil of aniseed one part Dissolve, and gradually add, constantly stirring Ammoniated alcohol six parts Keep in well-closed bottles. Jourdan. Lotion in Hiccough. R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol one drachm Spirits of lavender two ounces Recommended by Siebold to be rubbed on the thorax and abdomen of infants to check hic- cough. Radius. Mixture of Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Extract of liquorice one drachm Barley water three ounces and a-half Anisated ammoniated alcohol half a drachm Simple syrup half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally in chronic catarrh. Huf eland. R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol one drachm Syrup of mallows one ounce Extract of henbane one scruple Mix well. A desertspoonful, three times a day, in chronic bronchitis, or in the second stages of hooping-cough. Radius. Vic at' s Anodyne Mixture. R. Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce Diluted alcohol one ounce Opium two scruples Camphor one scruple Digest for three days, often stirring, and filter. Used on cotton to fill the cavity of carious teeth, and as a lotion to the temples in headache. Spielman. AMMONIA CITRAS. Citrate of Ammonia. R. Fresh lemon juice one fl. ounce Carbonate of ammonia sufficient to saturate White sugar one drachm Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. A pleasant saline diaphoretic in febrile disor- ders, resembling the solution of the acetate of ammonia in its effects. Dose, a tablespoonful, as may be required. Ellis. AMMONIA HYDRIODAS. Hydriodate of Ammonia. R. Iodine one hundred parts Iron filings thirty parts Water five hundred parts Mix, and heat till the liquid becomes almost colorless; filter, and add carbonate of ammonia, as long as any precipitate takes place; filter, evaporate to dryness, redissolve in four or five times its weight of water; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Ointment of Hydriodate of Ammonia. R . Hydriodate of ammonia one scruple Lard one ounce Mix. Beasley. R . Hydriodate of ammonia one drachm Lard one ounce Mix. Gibert. As an application to scrofulous tumors and cutaneous affections. AMMONIiE HYDROSULPHAS. Hydrosulphate of Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia four fl. ounces Pass hydrosulphuric acid (obtained from the sulphuret of iron and sulphuric acid AMMONIA MURIAS. 95 diluted with four times its weight of water) through the water of ammonia in a suit- able apparatus, to perfect saturation. To be kept in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. A powerful sedative, lessening the action of the circulatory system to a great degree, and causing nausea, vomiting, vertigo, &c. Used in diabetes to check the morbid appe- tite, by Cruickshank, Rollo, and others. Dose, five or six drops, in a tumbler full of water, three or four times a-day, gradually increasing the dose until some vertigo is induced. Sulphuretted Hydro sulphate op Ammonia. R. Quicklime Sulphur, each, three parts Triturate together, adding water sufficient to form a paste, and incorporate Sulphate of ammonia seven parts dissolved in water, let stand, decant, wash the residuum, rubbing it with a small por- tion of water, unite the solutions, and filter. Van Mons. Known as Boyle's fuming liquor, and recom- mended in venereal complaints, in phthisis, rheumatism, and gout, in doses of three to four drops in water, augmenting the dose until ver- tigo ensues. "Wilkinson's Liniment. R. Boyle's fuming liquor ten grains Chalk one scruple Flowers of sulphur Lard Tar, each, half an ounce Mix well. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin. To be rubbed on a certain extent of the surface at a time. Phoebus. Sulphuretted Syrup. R. Boyle's fuming liquor three drachms Sulphuret of antimony and soda one drachm Simple syrup an ounce and a-half Mix. Has been prescribed in croup, in the dose of a teaspoonful every hour. Swediaur. AMMONIA MURIAS. Sal Ammoniac. Powder op Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac two drachms Camphor six grains Arnica half a drachm White sugar six drachms Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a day. Said to be efficacious as an emmenagogue, and also in smaller doses in chronic catarrh. Radius. Bolus op Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple Extract of taraxacum sufficient to form a bolus. One to be taken every three or four hours, in schirrus of the pros- tate, bladder, or rectum. Radius. Lotions op Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac two scruples Vinegar _ . one ounce Water one pint Mix. Augustin. R. Sal Ammoniac one ounce "Vinegar Alcohol, each, four ounces Mix. In strains, bruises, and external in- flammation. Foy. Fomentation op Sal Ammoniac. R. Bistort Pomegranate, each, two ounces Red wine one pound Heat, digest for an hour, strain, and add Sal ammoniac two drachms Useful as a fomentation, in strains and bruises. Foy. R. Sal ammoniac one ounce Spirit of rosemary one pound Mix. Said to be useful in engorgement of the mammae. The breast to be covered with cloths dipped in the fluid. Foy. Liniment with Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac one ounce Camphor half an ounce White soap six drachms Alcohol two pounds Digest, and filter. Useful as an application to contusions. Niemann. Collutorium op Sal Ammoniac. R. Pyrethrum two drachms Lavender water Vinegar, each, two ounces Opium two grains Sal ammoniac one drachm Macerate for a few days, and filter. Cadet de Gassicourt. Draught of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac five grains Camphor three grains Gum Arabic one drachm Parsley water four ounces Mix. To be taken every two hours in paralytic retention of urine. Radius. Cataplasm with Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac Henbane, each, half an ounce 96 AMMONIA NITRAS— AMMONIA SUCCINAS. Linseed meal an ounce and a-half Boiling water 'sufficient to make a cataplasm. Advised in an en- gorgement of milk in the breasts. Radius Wash of Sal Ammoniac. R. Bran an ounce and a-half Mallow leaves six drachms Water sufficient to make sixteen ounces of solution. Boil, strain, and add to decoction Sal ammoniac two drachms Tincture of benzoin half an ounce Radius. Emulsion of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sweet almonds one ounce Orange-flower water two ounces Rose water eight ounces Sal ammoniac one drachm Tincture of benzoin two drachms Rub down the almonds previously blanch- ed, with the rose water, and add the other articles. Phoebus. AMMONIA NITRAS. Nitrate of Ammonia. R. Diluted nitric acid at will Carbonate of ammonia sufficient to saturate. Evaporate by a gentle heat, till a pellicle forms; set aside to crystallize. Pereira. Soluble in two parts of cold water. In doses of one to two scruples, it reduces the frequency of the pulse and heat of skin, and also acts as a diuretic. Mixture of Nitrate of Ammonia. R . Carbonate of ammonia one scruple Nitric acid sufficient to saturate ; add Syrup of mallows one ounce Distilled water two ounces Dose, a desertspoonful, every two hours. Radius. AMMONIA PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Ammonia. R. Phosphoric acid at will Saturate with Carbonate of ammonia and set by to crystallize. Niemann. Diuretic and discutient. Recommended by Dr. Buckler, of Baltimore, in gout and rheuma- tism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus, and in diseases dependent on a lithic acid diathesis. Dose, twenty to thirty drops of the saturated so- lution, three times a-day. R. Powdered calcined bone ten pounds Sulphuric acid six pounds Mix in a stoneware vessel, adding one gal- lon of water, digest for three or four days, frequently stirring, add a gallon of boiling water, strain, adding more boiling water, till it passes almost tasteless. Concentrate to one gallon, saturate with carbonate of ammonia, filter, concentrate by gentle heat, not above 100° F., and let crystallize. After removing each crop of crystals, add more ammonia, and concentrate. C. Ellis. Solution of Phosphate of Ammonia. R . Phosphate of ammonia half an ounce Water six fl. ounces Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a-day. C. Ellis. AMMONIJ1 SUCCINAS. Succinate of Ammonia. R. Succinic acid one part Water four parts Put in a capsule, and add sufficient water of ammonia, till perfectly saturated, with a slight excess of alkali, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. Impure Succinate of Ammonia. R . Spirits of hartshorn at will Saturate with a solution of succinic acid, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Bavan Ph. Spirit of Succinate of Ammonia. R . Spirit of hartshorn two fl. ounces Sal ammoniac four ounces Carbonate of potassa twelve ounces Powdered amber six ounces Oil of lemons two fl. drachms Mix the sal ammoniac, oil, and amber, add the carbonate of potassa to three pints of alcohol, mixed with a pint of water, and distil on a sand-bath. Dose, thirty to fifty drops, as an antispasmodic. Niemann. Mixture of Succinate of Ammonia. R . Liquid succinate of ammonia Elixir of liquorice, each, two parts Wine of opium Antimonial wine, each, one part Mix. Useful in hooping-cough, in doses of ten to forty drops, every two hours. Augustin. Spirit of Ammonia and Succinic Acid. R. Succinic acid one part Hot water eight parts Saturate the solution with carbonate of AMMONIA SULPHAS-AMMONIACUM. 9T ammonia, and filter. Antispasmodic, sudo- rific. Van Mons. Ammon. Succinic Acid, and Ether. R. Ammon. succinic acid Sulphuric ether equal parts Mix. Much praised in gout and rheu- matism. Dose, twenty to forty drops in sugar and water, two or three times a-day. St. Marie. Mixture of Succinate of Ammonia. R. Liquid succinate of ammonia Tincture of castor Anisated ammon. alcohol, each, Tincture of mace nutmeg Mix. Fifteen to twenty-five drops, three or four times a-day, in hysteria. Augustin. Liniment of Succinate of Ammonia. R. Liquid succinate of ammonia one fl. ounce Camphorated oil two fl. ounces Mix. As a liniment to the neck in angina. St. Marie. R. Camphor Oil of turpentine Dissolve, and add Soft-soap Ointment of bayberries Succinate of ammonia Mix. As a friction in chronic rheumatism, especially sciatica. Cadet. five fl. drachms three fl. drachms two fl. drachms one fl. drachm two scruples two drachms one ounce two drachms fifteen grains AMMONITE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Ammonia. R . Diluted sulphuric acid at will Carbonate of ammonia sufficient to saturate ; filter, and crystallize. Soubeiran. Laxative and stimulant. Dose, from a scru- ple to half a drachm. AMMONIACUM. Gum Ammoniac. This gum-resin is found in the shops, either in whitish or yellowish tears, or in yellowish or brownish masses. It has an unpleasant odor, and a nauseous and somewhat bitter taste. Is the product of Ferula tingitana, Linn.; and of Dorema ammoniacum, Don. Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 489. Griffith, Med. Bot. 325, 331. Its effects on the system are somewhat like those of assafetida, and appear to be most 7 marked on the bronchial mucous membrane. It also is considered to be emmenagogue. The dose is from six to twelve grains. It is employed externally as a resolvent. Ammoniac Pills. R. Ammoniac Syrup of gum to make thirty-six pills. R. Ammoniac Myrrh, each, Extract of horehound liquorice Mix. Make two grain pills to ten every three hours. R. Ammoniac one drachm sufficient Soubeiran. two drachms one drachm three drachms Dose, four one ounce two ounces sufficient As a remedy in Bories. two drachms one drachm twenty drops Elixir proprietatis to make four grain pills, obstructed menstruation R. Ammoniac Soap Oil of juniper Mix, and form pills of two grains Augustin. Klein's Pills. R. Ammoniac Extract of centaury, each, half an ounce Soap one ounce Oil of amber ten drops Triturate, and make pills of two grains. Spielmann. Pills of Ammoniac and Rhubarb. R. Ammoniac Soap Rhubarb, each, two drachms Triturate, and make three grain pills. Dose, ten, three to four times a-day. Compound Ammoniac Pill. R. Ammoniac one drachm Blue pill fifteen grains Powdered squill six grains Simple syrup sufficient Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a-day, in asthmatic cough with he- patic derangement. Ainslie. De Haen's Pills. R. Ammoniac Pill, aloes and myrrh, each, one drachm Soap Extract of conium, each, a drachm and a-half Triturate, and form into three grain pills. Dose, four a day, in chlorosis and amenor- rhoea. St. Marie. Ammoniac Mixture. R. Ammoniac two drachms AMYGDALA— AMYGDALA DULCIS. Water half a pint Rub the ammoniac with the water gradu- ally added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. The dose is from one to two tablespoonsfuls. Compound Ammoniac Mixture. R. Ammoniac one drachm Distilled water four fl. ounces Make a mixture, and add Oxymel of squills two fl. ounces Paregoric elixir half a fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, as a stimulating expectorant. , Ellis. R. Ammoniac mixture five fl. ounces Oxymel of squill half fl. ounce Antimonial wine twenty-six minims Distilled vinegar three fl. drachms Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in cough, or humoral asthma. Ainslie. R. Ammoniac Assafetida Soap Powdered valerian Flowers of arnica, each, two drachms Tartar emetic eighteen grains Mix, and make two grain pills. In doses of twenty or thirty, three times a-day. In amaurosis, arising from abdominal affec- tions. Richter. Ammoniac and Nitric Acid Mixture. R . Ammoniac two and a-half scruples Nitric acid two fl. drachms Water eight fl. ounces Add the acid to the water, then gradually rub the gum with the acid compound, in a composition mortar. A teaspoonful, two or three times a day. It is highly beneficial in chronic catarrh, especially in that of elderly persons. Ellis. Mixtures op Ammoniac. R . Ammoniac mixture three fl. ounces Tincture of castor half a fl. drachm Syrup of tolu half a fl. ounce Laudanum twenty to thirty drops Cinnamon water one fl. ounce Mix. A dcsertspoonful every three or four hours in troublesome cough. Mcicrotum. Decoction of Arnica. K . Flowers of arnica one ounce Water three pints Boil till reduced to two pints, strain, and add Syrup of ginger two ounces Swediaur. Dose, one to two ounces, every two hours, in aphonia, paralysis, rheumatism, &c. Fomentation of Arnica and Eue. R . Flowers of arnica two ounces Rue one ounce Boiling water sufficient To obtain twelve ounces when strained, after one hour of maceration. Radius. Used as a fomentation in contusions. Tincture of Arnica. R . Flowers of arnica one part Alcohol Digest, express, and filter Dose, thirty drops, several times a-day 113 sixteen parts Beral. ARSENICUM. Arsenic. Metallic arsenic is not employed in medicine, but several of its combinations are of much im- portance. ARSENICI IODIDUM. Iodide of Arsenic. R. Arsenious acid sixteen parts Iodine one hundred parts Heat in a glass alembic, and preserve the sublimation. Magendie. R. Arsenious acid three parts Iodine ten parts Digest in Water one hundred and nine parts until no odor of iodine is perceptible ; de- cant, and evaporate to dryness, and sublime in a close vessel. Plisson. Dose, one-tenth of a grain, gradually increased to a quarter, three times a-day. Given in can- cer, and obstinate cutaneous affections. Sesquiodide of Arsenic. R . Finely powdered metallic arsenic one part Iodine five parts Triturate together, and introduce into a small flask or retort; place this on a sand- bath, and apply gentle heat till liquefaction is produced. The vessel should be nearly full, to prevent the formation of much iodine vapor, and to enable the operator to bring the fixed mass in contact with every part of it, so as to include any iodine that may have been sublimed. If no iodine odor is perceptible, and the con- tents assume a reddish yellow color, and crystallize on the sides of the vessel, the operation is complete. W. Procter. Iodide of Arsenic Pills. R. Iodide of arsenic one grain Extract of conium twenty grain." Mix, and make ten pills. Thompson. Used in lepra, and obstinate eruptions. Iodide of Arsenic Ointment. R. Iodide of arsenic three grains Lard one ounce Triturate well. Biett. Employed in cases of lepra, and other cutane- ous affections, but requires much caution. 114 ARSENICI SULPHURETUM— A. ABROTANUM. LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYD- RARGYRI IODIDI. Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. Donovan's Solution. R. Levigated metallic arsenic six grains, •08 Mercury fourteen grains -82 Iodine forty-nine grains Alcohol one fl. drachm Rub together till dry, and has assumed a pale red color. Add eight fl. ounces dis- tilled water, triturate for a short time, pour into a flask, and add half a drachm of hy- driodic acid, made with two grains of iodine, and boil for a few moments. When cold, add sufficient distilled water to make up eight fl. ounces; filter. Donovan. R . Sesquiodide of arsenic thirty-six grains Biniodide of mercury thirty-four grains Distilled water half a pint Triturate the two iodides with half an ounce of the water, until they combine and dissolve, then add the rest of the water, and filter. W. Procter. Each fl. drachm contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenic and one-fourth of a grain of protoxide of mercury. This preparation is said to be useful in obstinate cutaneous diseases, as lepra, lupus, &c. The dose is from fifteen minims to half a fl. drachm two or three times a-day. Dunglison, N. R. Draught of Solution of Iodide of Mercury and Arsenic. R. Solution iodide mercury and arsenic two drachms Distilled water three fl. ounces and a- half Syrup of ginger half fl. ounce Mix, and divide into four draughts. One to be taken night and morning ; not to be given in a metallic spoon. Donovan. Quicklime Jasmine powder Powder of palm soap Mix well. twelve ounces ten ounces four ounces Mbrfit. This, when applied, is mixed with a little water. Both these, although efficient for the purposes designed, are dangerous, and should never be used,- except with extreme caution. Lotion of Orpiment. R. Orpiment two drachms Verdigris Aloes Myrrh, each, half a drachm Rose water three ounces White wine six ounces Mix. Van Mons. Used as an application to fungous ulcers. Gargle of Orpiment. R. Lanfranc's lotion half an ounce Barley water six ounces Honey of roses one ounce Mix. Giordano. As a gargle, in venereal sore throat. ARSENICI SULPHURETUM. Orpiment. R. Orpiment one ounce Quicklime one pound Starch ten ounces Water sufficient to form a soft paste. Foy. This is spread on the part where it is desired to remove the hair, and washed off when it be- gins to dry. It is the rusma of the Turks. Powder of Orpiment. R. Orpiment one ounce ARTEMISIA, A genus of bitter herbs, several of which are used as medicinal agents to fulfil various indi- cations ; such as tonics, ( V. absinthium,) some as moxas, {A. wioara,) and some as anthelmin- tics. Sex. Syst. Syn. pol. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 1. A. ABROTANUM. Southernwood. A native of the south of Europe and the Levant, and generally cultivated in gardens. Its odor is aromatic and peculiar, and its taste bitter. It is used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and vermifuge. Linn. Sp. PI. 1185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. Infusion of Southernwood. R . Southernwood six drachms Boiling water one pint Digest for two hours, and strain. Given in hysteria and in dismenorrhoea. Taddei. Clyster of Southernwood. R. Southernwood half an ounce Boiling water one pint Digest for half an hour, and, to six or eight fl. ounces of strained infusion, add Olive oil one ounce Said to be effectual in cases of worms, and especially ascarides. Radius. A. SANTONICA— A. TUBEROSA. 115 2. A. SANTONICA. Semen Contra. Under this name are included several species, as the A. santonica, contra, judaica, &c. They are principally from Barbary and the Levant. The parts used are the flowers, buds, peduncles, &c. Semen contra is much employed in Europe as an anthelmintic, but is seldom used in this country. The dose in powder is from ten to thirty grains. Powder oe Semen Contra. R. Semen contra Extract of tansy, each, six grains Oxide of iron four grains Oil of valerian one drop. Mix. Augustin. Electuary of Semen Contra. R. Semen contra ten grains Sulphate of iron four grains Jalap Honey, each, one scruple Mix. Rosenstein. Anthelmintic Mixture or Semen Contra. R . Infusion of semen contra four ounces Syrup of senna one ounce Mix. Foy. AKUM. Indian Turnip. Several species of Arum are used in medi- cine, but the only one officinal in the U. S. Pharm., is A. triphyUitm; a native plant, with a large, perennial cormus; this is white, fleshy, and extremely acrid in a fresh state, but becomes edible and bland when dried, and kept for any time; and the fecula obtained from it resembles arrowroot, in appearance and uses. Sex. Syst. Mon. polyand. Nat. Syst. Araceas. Bigelow, Am. Med. Bot. 1, 52. The powder of the dried root may be given in doses of ten grains, in an emulsion of gum Arabic, sugar, and water, several times a-day. It has been found useful in chronic catarrh, chronic bronchitis, rheumatism, &c. ASARUM. There are two plants recognized by this name, one by the London College, and the other by the U. S. Pharm. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst Aris- tolochiaceae. 1. ASARUM EUROPIUM. ASARABACCA. A native of Europe, of which the leaves and root are used. The first have a feeble aromatic odor, when rubbed, and a somewhat spicy taste; the latter has a strong, penetrating odor, and an acrid, bitter, and nauseous taste ; this is some- times used abroad, as a stimulant emetic, and anthelmintic ; the leaves, as the basis of various errhine powders. Linn. Sp. PI. 633. Griffith, Med. Bot. 527. Compound Powder of Asarabacca. R. Dried leaves of asarabacca one ounce Lavender flowers one drachm Rub together to a fine powder. Dublin Ph. Has been found useful as an errhine, in some cases of headache, toothache, &c. Five or six grains are to be snuffed up the nostrils at night. 2. ASARUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. Bigelow, Med. Bot. 1, 150. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med., p. 85. This species is common to most parts of the TJ. S. The leaves are said by Dr. Barton and Bigelow, not to be emetic, but other authorities state that a teaspoonful of this powder never fails to act on the stomach. Like those of the asarabacca, they are eminently errhine. The root is an aromatic stimulant, with active diaphoretic properties, and may be used as a substitute for serpentaria. Infusion of "Wild Ginger. R . Root of wild ginger half an ounce Boiling water one pint Digest for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. In all cases where Virginia snake- root is indicated. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. ASCLEPIAS. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- piadacese. Many species of this large genus are em- ployed in medicine, and it is probable that the whole of them are endowed with active pro- perties. 1. A. TUBEROSA. Pleurisy Root. A native of most parts of the United States. The root is large, and irregularly tuberous ; the taste of it is bitter, nauseous, and semewhat acrid. It is an active diaphoretic, and, in large doses, purgative. It has attained much popular reputation in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs, and more especially of pleu- risy. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm, several times a-day, but is better in infusion or decoction. Infusion of Pleurisy Root. R . Bruised Pleurisy Root one ounce Boiling water two pints 116 A. INCARNATA— ASSAFCETIDA. Digest for two hours. Dose, three or four fl. ounces, warm, to be given every two or three hours, until it operates. 2. A. INCARNATA. Swamp Silk Weed. A native of many parts of the U. S., usually growing in wet places. The root is the officinal portion. It is emetic and cathartic in full doses of half a drachm to a drachm, and expectorant and alterative in small ones. 3. A. SYRIACA. Silk Weed. Very common in the U. S. The root appears to have much the same properties as the last, and also some anodyne powers. ASPARAGUS. Asparagus. Several species of Asparagus have been used in medicine, but the only one that is officinal, is the A. officinalis. This is a native of Europe, and is generally cultivated there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 448. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. ii. 252. The parts used are the roots and young shoots, (turiones.) These are diuretic, aperient, and de- obstruent, and have been thought to exercise a sedative influence on the heart. Dr. Wood states {Am. U. S. Dispens. 1231) that the berries are more efficient than the shoots. Extract of Asparagus Shoots. R. Clarified juice of asparagus sufficient Evaporate by a mild heat to proper con- sistence. Soubeiran. Extract op Asparagus Roots. R. Roots of asparagus sufficient Bruise them, add sufficient water to cover them, express, strain, and evaporate by a mild heat. Soubeiran. These extracts are given in doses of a scruple to a drachm, as diuretics. Syrup op Asparagus SnooTS. R . Juice of asparagus shoots one pint White sugar two pounds Dissolve by means of a water bath, and strain. Cottereau. Advised in pulmonary catarrh, too great ac- tion of the heart, in one to four ounces during the day. Decoction of Asparagus Roots. R. Asparagus roots one ounce Water two pints Boil, and strain. Radius. To be taken by cupfuls in dropsies. Diuretic Mixture. R. Asparagus roots one ounce Water one pint Boil for an hour, strain, and add Acetate of potassa twenty grains Honey of squills half an ounce Fay. Used as the last, and in the same diseases. ASSAFCETIDA. ASSAFETIDA. A gum resin or inspissated juice from an um- belliferous plant, a native of Persia, usually thought to be Ferula assafastida, but now shown by Dr. Falconer to be a Narthex, which, though similar to Ferula, is distinct from it. (Royle, Mat. Med. 407.) Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacea?. Royle, Mat. Med. 407. Griffith, Med. Bot. 326. Assafetida as found in the shops is in masses of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue, composed of adhering tears. Odor, fetid and alliaceous; taste, bitter and somewhat acrid ; forms an emulsion with water. Is stimulant and antispasmodic, and also em- menagogue and anthelmintic. It is used in spasmodic and convulsive diseases, as hysteria, chorea, hooping-cough, flatulent colic, &c. Assafetida Pills. R. Assafetida one ounce and a half Soap half an ounce Beat with water into a mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills ; each of which contains three grains of the gum resin. U. S. Ph. R. Assafetida one drachm and a-half Powdered orris root Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient Beat together, and divide into thirty pills. One to be given occasionally in the hoop- ing-cough of children. Kapp. R . Assafetida a drachm and a-half Powdered ginger half a drachm Syrup sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. Three to be taken every three hours. Have been ad- vised in palsy. A T. Thomson. Pills of Assafetida and Lactu- carium. R. Assafetida three drachms Lactucarium two scruples and a-half Mix, and divide into eighty pills. Two or three every hour in hooping-cough of adults. Radius. ASSAFCETIDA. 117 Pills op Assafetida and Iron. R. Assafetida Sulphate of iron Extract of chamomile, each, half an ounce Mix well, and divide into one hundred and eighty pills. Two or more, three or four times a-day, in hypochondria and hy- steria. Syfret. R. Black oxide of iron half a drachm Assafetida a drachm and a-half Oil of tansy ten drops Extract of wormwood sufficient Mix, and divide into ninety pills. Six to be taken three times a-day. Said to be useful against lumbrici and ascarides. Phoebus. Pills of Assafetida and Musk. R. Assafetida two drachms Musk Camphor, each, one drachm Ambergris half a drachm Beat well together, and divide into one hundred pills. Two to be taken three times a-day. Said to have proved useful in angina pectoris, hysteria, &c. JSainte Marie. Pills of Assafetida and Opium. R. Assafetida half an ounce Powdered opium " ipecacuanha, each, four grains Oil of peppermint eight drops Alcohol sufficient Beat well together, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Ten to be taken three times a-day in chronic ischuria, consecutive on gonorrhoea. Radius. Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida two drachms Water Bub together, adding grees, till well mixed. R. Assafetida Sugar Rose water Make an emulsion, Hoffmann's anodyne Taken in spoonful doses asthma, and hysteria. half a pint the water by de- U. S. Ph. one drachm six drachms five ounces and add thirty drops in spasmodic Bories. Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida half a drachm Solution of acetate of ammonia, half fl. ounce Pennyroyal water three fl. ounces Mix. One or two spoonfuls in hooping- cough. Miller. R. Assafetida mixture five and a-half fl. ounces Compound spt. of lavender half fl. ounce Aromatic spt. of ammonia two fl. drachms Mix. Three spoonfuls a day in hysteria. Ainslie. Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida two ounces Opium two grains Infusion of chamomile four ounces Mix. As an injection in convulsive at- tacks. Augustin. R. Assafetida half a drachm Yolk of egg one Rub together, and gradually add Water eight ounces Strain. To form two injections. Said to be useful in the hooping-cough of chil- dren. JSoubeiran. Mixture of Assafetida and Oxymel of Squills. R. Assafetida one scruple Powdered digitalis six grains Oxymel of squills two ounces Linden-flower water four ounces Rub well together. Said to be found useful in the dry cough consequent on deranged menstruation. Pierquin. Mixture of Assafetida and Tolu. R. Assafetida one drachm Water four fl. ounces Make an emulsion and add Tincture of balsam of tolu half a fl. ounce " opium forty to fifty drops Mix well. A teaspoonful every two hours, in hooping-cough, and a dessert- spoonful or more to an adult. Ellis. Tincture op Assapetida. R. Assafetida four ounces Alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Has all the properties of the gum resin, but is more stimulating. Dose, a fl. drachm. Alkaline Tincture of Assafetida. R. Assafetida Carbonate of potassa, each, two ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for three days, by a mild heat and filter. Anti-hysteric, &c. Useful in 118 nervous disorders. ATROPIA— AURANTIUM. Dose, about twenty Wirtumberg Dis. Ammoniated Tincture of Assafetida. R. Ammoniated alcohol sixteen ounces Assafetida one ounce Macerate for twenty-four hours, in a closed vessel, and then distil sixteen ounces. Van Mons. Stimulant and anti-hysteric. Dose, five to sixty drops. Tincture of Assafetida and Soot. R. Assafetida one drachm Wood soot two drachms Alcohol three ounces Digest for six days, and filter. Guibourt. Highly praised in hysteria, flatulence, and con- vulsions caused hy dentition. Dose, ten to thirty drops in an appropriate vehicle. Assafetida Plaster. R. Assafetida Lead plaster, each, one pound Galbanum Yellow wax, each, half a pound Alcohol three pints Dissolve the assafetida and galbanum in the alcohol, by means of a water-bath; strain while hot, and evaporate to consist- ence of honey, add lead plaster and wax melted together; stir well, and evaporate to due consistence. U. S. Ph. A good application to the stomach, in hysteria with flatulence, and to the chest in hooping- cough. Deavees' Carminative. R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm Tincture of assafetida sixty drops " opium twenty drops Sugar one drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix well. Dewees. Very useful in the flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c. of infants. Dose, twenty-five drops to a child of two to four weeks old, increasing the dose for those of a more advanced age. Pills of Assafetida and Aloes. R. Assafetida Powdered aloes Soap, each, half an ounce Beat with sufficient water to form a mass; divide into one hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. A good purgative in cases of costiveness with flatulence and debility of digestive organs. Dose, two to five. Tincture of Assafetida and Castor. R. Tincture of assafetida castor ; each, one fl. ounce Aromatic spirit of ammonia one fl. drachm Mix. In hysteria, &c. Dose, about a teaspoonful. Ellis. Compound Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida one drachm Peppermint water three fl. ounces Make a solution, and add Ammoniated tincture of valerian two fl. drachms Tincture of castor three fl. drachms Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm Mix. Useful in hysteria, in doses of a tablespoonful, largely diluted, every second hour. Ellis. Assafetida Enema. R. Assafetida one drachm Hot water two ounces Triturate together. In flatulent colic, and against ascarides. Foy. ATROPIA. Atropine. Take recently dried root of belladonna, exhaust it by alcohol, 40° Cartier ; add to the tincture a quantity of slaked lime equal to one-twentieth of the weight of the root. After twenty-four hours' contact, filter; acidify slightly with sul- phuric acid, and again filter. Two-thirds of the alcohol is then removed by distillation. Evapor- ate the residue to one-twelfth of the weight of the root employed. Carbonate of potassa is then added until the liquid begins to be rendered opaque by a grayish-brown precipitate, carefully avoiding an excess. The liquid is again filtered, carbonate of potassa added, till it ceases to pre- cipitate, and after twenty-four hours the precipi- tate is collected on a filter and dried. It is then dissolved in concentrated alcohol, treated with animal charcoal and filtered, evaporated, and crystallized. Soubeiran. Solution of Atropia. R. Atropia (one, two, or three grains, as the strength may wish to be in- creased) one grain Nitric or acetic acid sufficient Water one fl. ounce Dissolve. As an application to the eyes for dilating the pupil. AURANTIUM. Orange. This fruit is the product of the Citrus Aurantium, a native of Asia, but now cultivated in all warm climates ; two varieties occur, the one with bitter, the other with sweet fruit ; these are considered distinct by Risso. AURANTII CORTEX— AURANTII FOLIA. 119 Sex.Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat.Syst.Aura.n- tiacese. Linn. Sp. PL Griffith, Med. Bot. 165. Almost every part is employed in medicine, but the rind of the fruit of the bitter kind only is officinal in the U. S. Pharrn. AURANTII CORTEX. Orange Peel. Powder of Orange Peel and Rhubarb. R. Powdered orange peel rhubarb Bitartrate of potassa, each, one ounce Mix well. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls a-day. In dyspepsia, with a costive con- dition of the bowels. Radius. Confection op Orange Peel. R. Fresh orange peel, grated, one pound White sugar three pounds Beat together, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. As a vehicle or adjunct to powders. Electuary op Orange Peel. R. Orange peel half an ounce Willow bark two drachms Syrup of orange peel sufficient Make an electuary. To be taken in divided doses, during the apyrexia. Phoebus. Tincture op Orange Peel. R. Dried orange peel three ounces and a-half Proof spirit, (Imp. meas.,) two pints Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Lond. Ph. Used principally as an addition to infusions, decoctions, &c. Spirit op Orange Peel. R. Orange peel three ounces Alcohol sixteen ounces Water four ounces Digest for four days, and distil sixteen parts. Cottereau. Used for the same purposes as the last. Elixir op Orange Peel. R. Orange peel one ounce Cascarilla half an ounce Water of citron peel . wormwood Alcohol, each, half a pint Digest for four days, and filter. Moscati Dose, from four to six fl. drachms, as a carmina- tive and Btomachic. Infusion of Orange Peel. R. Orange peel No. 3 Boiling water three pints Infuse for half an hour. Compound Infusion of Orange Peel. R. Dried orange peel half an ounce Fresh lemon peel two drachms Bruised cloves one drachm Boiling distilled water one pint Macerate for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Lond. Ph. These two preparations are used as stomachics, in doses of one or two fl. ounces. Syrup of Orange Peel. R. Bruised orange peel two ounces Boiling water one pint Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Sugar two pounds and a-half Make syrup. U. S. Ph. Used principally as an agreeable drink mixed with water. R. Recently dried sweet orange peel two ounces Powder, and put in a displacement appa- ratus, and pour on it a mixture of two parts alcohol, and one of water, until six fl. ounces are obtained. Pour this on thirty-two ounces (av.) of coarsely pow- dered sugar, and spread on paper, until the alcohol has evaporated. Then form it into a syrup, with sixteen ounces of water, merely carrying the heat to the boiling point, strain, and bottle whilst hot. W. Procter. AURANTII FOLIA. Orange Leaves. Electuary op Orange Leaves. R. Orange leaves Valerian, each, half a drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Make an electuary. Radius. A teaspoonnd occasionally as an antispas- modic. Jelly op Orange Leaves. R. Orange leaves an ounce and a-half Boiling water two pints Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Powdered salep two drachms Boil to a jelly, and add Wine Syrup of orange flowers, each, one ounce In tcuspoonful doses, in marasmus. Radius. 120 AURUM— AURI CHLORIDUM. AUKANTII FLORES. Orange Flowers. Confection op Orange Flowers. R. Orange flowers one part Syrup three parts Evaporate to proper consistence. Taddei. Pastilles of Orange Flowers. R. Sugar Orange-flower water, each, two ounces "Dissolve, and evaporate to consistence of honey ; add a mixture of Sugar four ounces Oil of orange flowers half a drachm Make pastilles. Cottereau. Orange-Flower Water. R. Orange flowers ten parts Water thirty parts Distil off twenty parts. Guibourt. Syrup op Orange Flowers. R . Orange-flower water one part Sugar two parts Dissolve in a close vessel, and evaporate to proper consistence. Soubeiran. Oil of Orange Flowers. R. Orange flowers one part Water three parts Distil, and separate the oil that floats on the product. Taddei. AURUM. Gold. Gold is used as a remedial agent in its pure state, but only in an infinitely divided form, in which it is stated that it acts on the system, and to be equally efficacious as its salts, but its ac- tion is much milder. It has been prescribed in various forms of syphilitic diseases, in doses of a quarter of a grain to a grain, three or four times a-day. Powder op Gold. R. Gold leaf one part Sulphate of potassa eight to ten parts Triturate thoroughly, wash out the sul- phate of potassa, and sift through fine gauze. Par. God. To be applied in friction on the gums and tongue. R. Dilute solution nit. mur. of gold at will Solution sulphate of iron sufficient to precipitate ; collect this, and dry. Tronisdorff. R. Pulverized gold six grains Starch sixty-six grains Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One to be given four times a-day. Riecke. R. Pulverized gold Lycopodium, each, two grains. Mix. To be rubbed, during the day, on the tongue. Riecke. Powder op Gold and Iron. R. Pulverized gold two scruples Clean iron filings two scruples Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm Mix. To be given at once in water, acid- ulated with a few drops of diluted sulphu- ric acid, as an antidote to corrosive subli- mate. Buckler. Syrup op Gold. R. Pulverized gold twenty-four grains Syrup one ounce Mix. As an application to chancres on the fauces. Bories. Ointment of Gold. R. Pulverized gold one drachm Lard half an ounce Triturate well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers, and also to a surface having the cuticle removed; when the surface be- comes dry, substitute the ointment of chloride of gold. Legrand. AURI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Gold. R. Leaf gold one part Nitro-muriatic acid three parts Dissolve by aid of a sand-bath, and evapo- rate till vapors of chlorine are given off, and set aside to crystallize. Dose, one- twentieth to one-sixteenth of a grain. Par. Cod. R. Pure gold one part Nitro-muriatic acid, (made with three parts muriatic acid, one part nitric acid, and one of water,) two parts Put the gold in a porcelain capsule, and add the acid ; cover with a plate of glass, and place on a salt-water bath, continue heat till nitrous fumes are no longer evolved. Raise the glass by means of a fold of paper, and continue heat, till, on introducing a glass rod, the adhering chloride of gold becomes solid on cooling. Remove from fire, and let crystallize. Leval. Powder of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold one part Powdered orris root two parts AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. Mix. In frictions on the gums, in the dose of a fifteenth to a tenth of a grain. Foy. Bolus op Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold half a grain Extract of aconite twelve grains Mix, and make six boluses. One to be taken three times a-day. Brera. Pills op Chloride op Gold. R. Chloride of gold ten grains Powdered liquorice three drachms Syrup sufficient Mix, and make one hundred and fifty pills. One, thrice a-day. Ellis. Tincture op Chloride op Gold. R. Leaf gold one drachm Nitro-muriatic acid one ounce Dissolve, and add Oil of rosemary two ounces Alcohol eight ounces Mix. Dose, ten drops. Spielmann. Caustic op Chloride op Gold. R. Chloride of gold one ounce Nitro-muriatic acid one fl. ounce Mix. Used as a caustic to the surface of cancerous ulcers, applied by means of a dossil of lint. Recamier. Collyrium op Chloride op Gold. R. Chloride of gold two grains Distilled water six fl. ounces Dissolve. As a collyrium in ophthalmia. Jalm. Ointment op Chloride op Gold. R. Chloride of gold eight grains Lard half an ounce Mix. To relieve rheumatic pains. Legrand. AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. CnLORiDE op Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold eighty-five parts Chloride of sodium sixteen parts Dissolve in a small quantity of water, evaporate to a pellicle, and let crystallize. Par. Cod. R. Leaf gold four parts Nitro-muriatic acid sufficient to dissolve, evaporate to dryness, add Chloride of sodium one part Water thirty-two parts Evaporate to one-half, and set aside to crystallize. Figuier. Powder of Chloride op Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium one part Lycopodium 121 two parts Cadet. Mix. R. Chloride of gold and sodium one part Sugar of milk sixteen parts Mix. Radius. R. Chloride of gold and sodium three parts Powdered orris root nine parts Mix. Three grains contain about three- fourths of a grain of the chloride, and are used for thirty frictions, for the weakest doses, and three for the strongest. Legrand. Pills op Chloride op Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium ten grains Potato starch four grains Gum Arabic Distilled water, each, one drachm Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Each contains one-twelfth of a grain of chloride. Soubeiran. R. Chloride of gold and sodium four grains Extract of bitter sweet one drachm aconite ten grains Powdered marsh mallow Distilled water, each, sufficient Mix, and make eighty pills. Dose, three thrice a-day, in dropsy, incontinence of urine, amaurosis, &c. Groetzner. R. Chloride of gold and sodium one grain Extract of mezereon one drachm Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. Lozenges op Chloride op Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium five grains Powdered sugar one ounce Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Rub the chloride in a glass mortar with the sugar, add the mucilage, and make sixty Soubeiran. Solution of Chloride op Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium two grains Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. Ten drops, every two hours, in dropsy and incontinence of urine. Radius. Syrup op Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold and sodium one grain Syrup six ounces Dissolve. Dose, from one ounce to two. JBories. 122 AURI CYANIDUM— AURI OXIDUM. Compound Syrup of Chloride or Gold and Sodium. R. Peruvian bark Gentian, each, three ounces Mezereon one ounce and a-half Foxglove two drachms and a-half "Water one pint and a-half Boil down to one pint, and pour the boiling decoction on Bitter orange peel one ounce Cloves half an ounce After a sufficient infusion, strain, and add Chloride of gold and sodium four grains A spoonful, night and morning. Bories. Ointment of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R . Chloride of gold and sodium one scruple Lard one ounce Mix well. Foy. R. Chloride of gold and sodium three to four grains Lard half an ounce Mix thoroughly. Groetzner. AURI CYANIDUM. Cyanide of Gold. R. Leaf gold one part Nitro-muriatic acid six parts Dissolve, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- solve in Distilled water eight parts Reduce on a water-bath to one-fourth, and add very gradually Cyanide of potassium half a part Distilled water twenty-four parts Agitate, let rest, and separate the cyanide. Soubeiran. R. Fresh precipitated oxide of gold (washed, but not dried) at will Diluted hydrocyanic acid sufficient Boil till solution assumes a beautiful yel- low tint, evaporate to dryness on a water- bath. • Des/osses. Dose, from eighteenth to tenth of a grain. Powder of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold one grain Lycopodium fifteen grains Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One every day, as friction on the gums and tongue. Radius. Pills of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold one grain Powdered liquorice thirty-one grains Mucilage sufficient Mix, and make sixteen pills. Radius. R. Cyanide of gold one grain Extract of mezereon three grains Powdered marsh mallow sufficient Mix, and make five grain pills. Lozenges of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold one grain Chocolate sufficient to make sixteen lozenges. Soubeiran. Solution of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold three grains Diluted alcohol eight fl. ounces A teaspoonful, twice a-day, gradually in- creasing the dose. Christien. AURI IODIDUM. Iodide of Gold. R. Solution chloride of gold at will Iodide of potassium sufficient to precipitate, wash the precipitate with alcohol, and dry it. Par. Cod. R. Solution chloride of gold at will hydriodate of am- monia sufficient to precipitate. Wash with alcohol, and dry. Miellet. Used like the other preparations, and in the same doses. AURI OXIDUM. Oxide of Gold. R. Pure gold one part Mercury six parts Make an amalgam ; triturate with double the weight of sulphur and calcine. Wurt. Ph. R. Leaf gold half an ounce Nitre ten ounces Common salt five ounces Alum eight ounces Triturate to extinction, dissolve in lime- water, precipitate by solution of potassa; wash the precipitate, and calcine. Spielmann. R. Chloride of gold one part Distilled water forty parts Dissolve, and add Fresh calcined magnesia four parts Boil; wash the precipitate with distilled water, then with nitric acid diluted with twenty parts of water, and again with water. Dry in the shade. Par. Cod. Dose, from a tenth to three-fourths of a grain. Powder of Oxide of Gold. R. Oxide of gold two drachms AURUM AMMONIATUM— AVENA SATIVA. Sulphuret of antimony half an ounce Oil of cinnamon eight drops Triturate together. Spielmann. R. Oxide of gold four scruples Prepared hartshorn one ounce Triturate together. Used in malignant fevers and small-pox. Spielmann. Pills of Oxide op Gold. R. Oxide of gold five grains Extract of mezereon two drachms Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. R AURUM AMMONIATUM. AMMONIATED GOLD. Gold leaf two drachms Nitro-muriatic acid one ounce Dissolve, and add Water of ammonia sufficient to precipitate. Wash and dry, with great caution. Niemann. This is what is termed fulminating gold, and explodes at 400°. It has been used in fevers, &c, as a diaphoretic, but has produced unpleas- ant consequences. Pills of Ammoniated Gold. R. Ammoniated gold Calomel Extract of squill, each, half a drachm Powdered rhubarb two drachms Conserve of juniper sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Plenck. AURUM STANNO PARATUM. Purple op Cassius. R. Chloride of gold one part Distilled water two hundred parts Add to this solution, very gradually, Pure tin one part Nitro-muriatic acid three parts Dissolve without heat, and add Distilled water one hundred parts as long as any precipitate falls. Wash this and dry by a gentle heat. Par. Cod. This is used like the other preparations of gold. AVENA SATIVA. Oat. The common oat, although generally cultivated from a very early age, is not known in a wild state. Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gramin- aceoe. Linn. Sp. PI. 61. Griffith, Med. Bot. 662. Though, for the most part, used as food for 123 horses, it contains much nutritive matter, and forms an important article of diet in some parts of Europe. It is also employed in medicine as a bland, nutritious, and somewhat laxative nutri- ment in inflammatory diseases. When merely freed from their husk and coarsely broken, they are called groats. Groat Gruel. R. Groats three ounces Wash well in cold water, and then put into Fresh water four pints Boil slowly to one half, strain through a fine sieve. A. T. Thomson. R. Groats five drachms Liquorice root three drachms Boil the groats in sufficient water, to have one quart of decoction, add the liquorice, and after a sufficient infusion, strain. Cottereau* Oatmeal Gruel. R. Oatmeal two ounces River water one pint and a-half Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, in some of the water, pouring ofF the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, but whilst the milkiness remains, repeat this with fresh water. Stir well, and unite the washings, and boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed. A. T. Thomson. Both these preparations may be flavored ac- cording to circumstances. Compound Decoction of Oatmeal. R. Groats six ounces Red sanders, chipped, one ounce Chicory root one ounce and a-half Water twelve pints Boil down one-third, and add to the strained docoction Nitre half an ounce Sugar two ounces Dissolve. Advised in gout, nephritis, &c, to be taken hot or tepid, morning and even- ing for some weeks, in doses of six or eight fl. ounces. Wurt. Ph. Flummery of Oatmeal. R. Oatmeal or groats a quart Rub for a considerable time with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture stand till it becomes sour, then add another quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. Let stand till a white sediment is deposited, decant the fluid, and wash the sediment with cold water. This is now to be boiled with fresh water, till it forms a mucilage, stirring the whole time. It is a very light and somewhat nutritious food, during early convalescence. A. T. Thomson, 124 AZEDARACH— BARII CHLORIDUM. Powder for a Cataplasm. R. Linseed meal one part Oatmeal two parts Dub. Ph. Oatmeal Poultice. R." Oatmeal sufficient Stir gradually into water kept boiling, un- til it is sufficiently consistent. A. T. Thomson. R. Powder for a cataplasm at will Boiling water sufficient Dub. Ph. AZEDARACH. AZEDARACH. The Melia Azedarach is a tree, a native of many parts of Asia, and naturalized in the warmer parts of Europe and the United States. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Melia- ceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 550. Griffith, Med. Bot. 179. The parts used are the bark of the root, the berries, and the leaves. The former only is offi- cinal in the TJ. S. Pharm. It is cathartic and emetic, in large doses somewhat narcotic ; it is also an efficient anthelmintic. Decoction op Azedarach. R. Azedarach four ounces Water two pints Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, one fl. ounce, every two or three hours, for a child. Ointment op Azedarach Berries. R. Pulp of berries Lard, each, one ounce Rub well together. Said to be useful as an application in tinea capitis. BALLOTA LANATA. Hairy Horehound. Several species of Ballota have, at different times, been used in medicine, but this is the only one that appears to possess active pro- perties. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gym. Nat. Syst. Lami- aceae. The whole plant is used, with the exception of the root, and is stated to be an excellent diu- retic, and useful in dropsical cases. Decoction op Hairy Horehound. R. Hairy horehound one ounce and a-half Boiling water two pints Boil down to one pint. Dose, a cupful twice a-day, gradually increasing the quantity. Rehmann. BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. Wild Lndigo. A native plant, found in most parts of the country; becoming black when dried. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. Torrey and Gray, Flor. i. 386. Griffith, Med. Bot. 231. The root, which is the part used, is emetic and purgative when fresh. Has been consid- ered a valuable antiseptic, and febrifuge, and has been given with advantage in typhus fever, scarlatina, &c, and also used as a wash to foul ulcers, aphthae, &c. Most employed in decoc- tion. Decoction op Wild Indigo. R. Root of wild indigo one ounce Boiling water a pint and a-half Boil down to a pint. Dose, half a fl. ounce every four to eight hours. Comstock. Ointment op Wild Indigo. R. Contused root of wild indigo two ounces Lard six ounces Simmer together for an hour, and strain. Has been found beneficial as an application to burns and ulcers. BARIUM. BARII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Barium. R. Carbonate of barytes one pound Muriatic acid twelve fl. ounces Water three pints Mix the acid with the water, and gradu- ally add the barytes; towards close of effervescence, apply a gentle heat, and, when action has ceased, filter, and boil down, for crystals to form. U. S. Ph. Powders op Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium two drachms Calomel ten grains Sulphuret of antimony six grains BARII IODIDUM— BARYTA. 125 Mix, and divide into forty-eight powders. Dose, two a-day in syrup, in cutaneous affections. Swediaur. Pills or Chloride op Barium. R. Chloride of barium Extract of liquorice, each, half a drachm Powdered liquorice root Water, each, sufficient Mix, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Phoebus. Dose, four to eight, three or four times a-day. R. Chloride of barium one drachm Resin of guaiacum half an ounce Conserve of fumitory sufficient Mix, and make one hundred eighty-eight pills. One to be taken morning and eve- ning, increased to two, against tapeworm. Pierquin. Solution op Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium one ounce Distilled water three fl. ounces Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. Has been used in small doses in cancer and scrofula. Dose, five drops, two or three times a-day, cautiously increasing. Colltrium op Chloride op Barium. R. Chloride of barium ten grains Distilled water one ounce Dissolve, filter, and add Mucilage of quince seeds two drachms Wine of opium half a drachm Radius. The eyelids are to be washed several times a-day with this, in scrofulous ophthalmia. Mixture op Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium iron, each, half a drachm Distilled water one ounce Dissolve Augustin. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. R. Chloride of barium Extract of cicuta, each, half a drachm Distilled water half an ounce Antimonial wine one drachm and a-half Phoebus. Dose, fifteen to twenty drops every three hours, in chronic orchitis. R. Chloride of barium one drachm Balm water seven fl. drachms Antimonial wine one fl. drachm Dose, twenty to thirty drops four times a-day. Ilufeland. R. Chloride of barium four grains Distilled water two fl. ounces Extract of hemlock four grains Common emulsion one pound Syrup one ounce Mix. To be taken during the day, in scrofula, and scrofulous phthisis. Brera. BARII IODIDUM. Iodide op Barium. R. Iodine one hundred parts Iron filings thirty parts Water sufficient Prepare an iodide of iron, add baryta dis- solved in twenty parts of water, as long as a precipitate is formed, heat a moment, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Been used with success in scrofula. Dose, § of a grain, three times a-day, cautiously increas- ing. Powder op Iodide op Barium. R. Iodide of barium one grain Powdered cinnamon Sugar, each, four scruples Mix well, and divide into eight powders. One to be given two or three times a-day in scrofula. Radius. Ointment of Iodide of Barium. R. Iodide of barium four grains Lard one ounce Mix. As a friction in scrofulous swell- ings. Biett. BARII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Barium. R. Sulphate of barytes eleven parts Charcoal one part Oil of turpentine sufficient Triturate the barytes with the coal, moisten the mixture with the turpentine, and heat the whole in a crucible to red- ness; let cool, and preserve. Van Mons. BARYTA. Barytes. R. Nitrate of barytes sufficient Mix in a platina crucible to a red heat, when the mass has become solid and por- ous, raise to a white heat, remove from fire, and cool. Van Mons. Solution op Barytes. R. Barytes one part Distilled water twenty parts Dissolve. Van Mons. 126 BARYTA ACETAS-BELLADONNA. Has been recommended in scrofula, in doses of four to five drops, in some appropriate ve- hicle. Barytic Liniment. R. Solution of barytes one part Olive oil six parts Rub together. Soubieran. Advised as an external application in lepra, and other obstinate cutaneous diseases. BARYTA ACETAS. Acetate op Barytes. R. Carbonate of barytes at will Acetic acid sufficient to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- lize. Van Mons. Solution of Acetate op Barytes. R. Acetate of barytes one part Distilled water nine parts Dissolve, and filter. In same cases and doses as the solution of barytes. Hamb. Ph. BEBEERINA. Bebeerine. This is an alkaloid obtained from the bark of a tree, growing in British Guiana. It is said to belong to the genus Nectandra, and has been named N. radcei. The bark is in flat pieces, smooth, grayish, hard, heavy, and brittle, with but little odor, though of a very bitter taste. Bebeerine is extracted from this bark in the form of a sulphate, by a process similar to that used to obtain sulphate of quinia. In this form it con- tains both bebeerine and siperina, and is in thin, somewhat glittering scales of a brownish-yellow color, forming a yellow powder, soluble in cold water, but often forming a turbid solution, which is rendered clear by a few drops of diluted sul- phuric acid. Pure bebeerine can be obtained from it as follows : — Decompose by ammonia, wash the precipitate, and whilst moist, triturate with moist hydrated oxide of lead ; dry on a water-bath, exhaust with alcohol, and distil off the spirit, treat the residue with ether ; on the evaporation of the ether, bebeerine will be left of a bright Canary yellow color, but in powder appears nearly white. Dose of the sulphate is one to three grains as a tonic, and five grains to a scruple as a febri- fuge. It is not equal to quinine as an antiperiodic, but is a good substitute for that article. Pills of Sulphate op Bebeerine. R. Sulphate of bebeerine two drachms Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form twenty-four pills — one to three, thrice a-day in intermittent fevers. Ohristison. Solution of Sulphate of Bebeerine. R. Sulphate of bebeerine half a drachm Diluted sulphuric acid twenty-five minims Syrup Tincture of orange peel, each, one ounce Water four ounces Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day. Christison. BECCABUNGA. Brooklime. Two species of Veronica of similar properties are included under this name, the V. beccabunga and V. anagallis ; they are both semi-aquatic plants indigenous to Europe and to this country. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- lariaceae. These plants are employed usually in a fresh state, and considered to be antiscorbutic and alterative. They are usually given in infusion made with one or two handfuls of the herb to a pint of boiling water. They have also been em- ployed in conserve, syrup, &c. Water of Brooklime. R. Brooklime Water, each, two parts Distil off one part. Cottereav. Dose, one to four ounces. Syrup of Brooklime. R. Clarified juice of brooklime one part Sugar two parts Dissolve, by means of a water-bath. Taddei. BELLADONNA. Belladonna. This is the Atropa Belladonna, an herbaceous plant, native of Europe, and cultivated in some places in the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solan- aceEe. Linn. Sp. PL 260, Griffith, Med. Bot. 4S6. The whole plant is officinal in some Pharma- copoeias, but the leaves only are ordered in that of the U. S. This plant is a powerful narcotic, ow- ing to the presence of a peculiar principle called Atropia. It has been used in a variety of diseases as an anodyne, antispasmodic, and discutient. The dose of the powdered leaves is one to two grains, daily or twice a-day, gradually increasing. Powder of Belladonna. R. Powdered belladonna root three grains ipecacuanha two grains Oxide of zinc six grains Sugar one drachm Rub together, and divide into six powders. One every two hours in epilepsy. Radius. BELLADONNA. 127 R. Powdered belladonna root two grains ipecacuanha one grain Washed sulphur thirty-two grains Sugar of milk two drachms Rub well together, divide into twenty pow- ders. One every three hours in hooping- cough. Phoebus. R. Powdered belladonna one grain nitrate of po- tassa twenty-one grains sugar nine grains Make a powder, to be taken at bedtime. In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcer- ations, mania, epilepsy. A. T. Thomson. R. Powdered root of belladonna ipecacuanha, each, six grains liquorice root sugar, each, half a drachm Precipitated sulphur two scruples Oil of anise amber, each, three minims Mix, and make five to twenty powders. A. T. Thomson. R . Powdered leaves of bella- donna one to three grains Musk Camphor, each, five grains Sugar thirty grains Triturate well together, and divide into eight powders. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Belladonna and Rhubarb. R. Powdered belladonna leaves ten grains rhubarb two scruples Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, two, or three times a-day, in obstructions of the liver and spleen. Radius. Opiated Belladonna Leaves. R. Belladonna leaves Water, each, two ounces Extract of opium one drachm Dissolve the opium in the water, wash the leaves with the solution, and dry them by a gentle heat. Guibourt. Said to be very useful in phthisis, the patient to smoke a pinch every morning in a common pipe. Fumigation of Belladonna. R. Powdered belladonna one drachm Boiling infusion of sage one quart The steam to be inhaled. Said to be use- ful in hooping-cough and phthisis. Soubeiran. Extract of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves one pound Bruise in a stone mortar, with the addition of a little water; express the juice, heat to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. TJ. & Ph. Dose, one grain night and morning, to be grad- ually increased. Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves one pound Diluted alcohol four pints Moisten the leaves with half a pint of alco- hol, let stand for twenty-four hours, put in a displacement apparatus, add gradually the remainder of alcohol. When this has penetrated the belladonna, add water occa- sionally so as to keep the powder covered. Stop the process when the liquid that passes forms a precipitate in what has already passed. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, half a grain to a grain, to be gradually increased. Compound Belladonna Pills. R. Extract of belladonna Blue pill Powdered ipecacuanha, each, twelve grains Mix, and make twelve pills. One to be taken morning and evening, in cancerous affections. Ainslie. Solution of Extract of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna three grains Cinnamon water one fl. ounce Make a solution. Dose, for a child under one year, two or three drops twice or thrice a day, and an additional drop for each ad- ditional year. Ellis. Said to have proved efficacious as a preventive of scarlatina. Syrup of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna forty-eight grains Distilled water two ounces Dissolve and filter, then add Syrup three pounds Boil, and strain. Cotterean. Said to be useful in hooping-cough, in doses of one to three drachms. Gillet's Syrup of Belladonna. R . Dried belladonna leaves one ounce Digitalis Common nightshade, each, one drachm Water ten fl. ounces Digest for two days, and filter, then add Syrup two pounds Cadet. Advised in hooping-cough, in the dose of a tea- spoonful every hour or two. Tincture of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints 128 BENZOINUM. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. The dose is from fifteen to thirty drops. Ethereal Tincture of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves dried one part Sulphuric ether eight parts Macerate for eight days, and filter. Guibourt. Belladonna Mixture. R. Extract of bella- donna eight to twelve grains Wine of ipecacuanha one fl. drachm Syrup of seneka half fl. ounce tolu three and a half fl. ounces Mix. Advised in catarrh, in the dose of a teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, using also gum water acidulated with lemon-juice. Ellis. R. Extract of belladonna fifteen grains Fennel water five fl. ounces Alcohol one fl. drachm Dissolve. Dose, a drop for every year of the age of a child, not to exceed fifteen; as a preventive of scarlatina. Maisier. Liniment of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna two scruples Sulphuric ether one drachm Cherry laurel water two ounces As a friction to the abdomen in colica pic- tonum. Phoebus. Clyster of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves twelve to twenty grains Jalap one scruple Boiling water half a pint Infuse, and strain. Pitschaft. This has been recommended in strangulated hernia, to overcome spasm. Plaster of Belladonna. R. Resin plaster three ounces Extract of bella- donna one ounce and a-half Melt plaster by means of water-bath, and add the extract; mix well. U. S. Ph. An efficacious application in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Ointment of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna two drachms Distilled water two fl. ounces Lard two ounces Rub well together. Used by Chaussier as an application to the neck of the uterus in cases of rigidity. Ratier. R. Fresh belladonna leaves one part Lard two parts Simmer together, express, and strain. Used in frictions of one or two drachms, to indolent tumours. Sotibeiran. BENZOINUM, Benzoin. Is the concrete juice of the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of some size, native of several of the East Indian islands. Sex. Syst. Decand monog. Nat. Syst. Styra- caceae. Dryander, Ph. Tl. lxxvii. 308. Griffith, Med. Bot. 439. There are several varieties of benzoin, but the best is in whitish tears, united by a reddish-brown connecting medium. It has an aromatic, agreea- ble odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is stimulant and expectorant, and is much used in chronic catarrhs. Benzoated Lard. R. Benzoin in coarse powder one ounce Lard twenty-five ounces Heat them together in a water-bath for two or three hours, strain without pressure, and stir while cooling. Employed for ointments to be long kept, to prevent them from becoming rancid. Deschamps. Fumigating Powder. R. Powdered olibanum two pounds benzoin storax, each, half a pound dried roses lavender flowers, each, six ounces Mix. A small quantity to be thrown on hot coals, to raise a smoke; to be inhaled in hooping-cough, &c. Dohrn. Fumigating Pastilles. R. Benzoin ten parts Charcoal twenty-four parts Nitrate of potassa one part Sassafras two parts Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient To make pastilles, which are to be conical. R Benzoin sixteen parts Sandal wood four parts Ladanum one part Balsam of tolu four parts Charcoal forty-eight parts Nitrate of potassa two parts Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient M ike conical pastilles. Foy. Powder of Benzoin. R Powdered benzoin sugar candy equal parts BERBERIS— BISMUTHUM. 129 Mix. Said to be useful with camphor water in asthma and chronic catarrh. Pierquin. Oil of Benzoin. R. Benzoin at will Water a small quantity- Distil on a sand-bath, and separate the oil that passes over. Advised as a friction in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Swediaur. Cosmetic "Wash of Benzoin. R. Tincture of benzoin three drachms Liquid subcarbonate of potassa two drachms Rose water eight ounces Mix. As a lotion in acne. Augustin. Cosmetic Emulsion of Benzoin. R. Almond paste two drachms Rose water eight ounces Make an emulsion, and add Tincture of benzoin three drachms Schubarth. Milk of Roses. R. Tincture of benzoin one drachm Rose water one pint Mix. Taddei. R. Tincture of benzoin one drachm balsam of Peru twenty drops Rose water one pint Mix. Giannini. Both these are used as cosmetic washes. Lotion for Burns. R. Benzoin six drachms Storax four drachms Balsam tolu two drachms Aloes one drachm Alcohol eight fl. ounces Make a tincture, to be used as a lotion for burns and scalds, before vesication has taken place. Tincture of Benzoin. R. Benzoin one part Alcohol eight parts Digest for some days, and filter. Guibourt. Used as a stomachic carminative, &c, in doses of ten to twenty drops. Compound Tincture of Benzoin. R. Benzoin three ounces Purified storax two ounces Balsam tolu one ounce Powdered aloes half an ounce Alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. 8. Ph. A stimulating expectorant, and also used as an application to indolent ulcers. 9 Turlington's Balsam. R. Benzoin twelve ounces Liquid storax fourteen ounces Balsam of Peru two ounces Myrrh Aloes, each, one ounce Balsam of tolu Extract of liquorice, each, four ounces Angelica root half an ounce Alcohol eight pints Digest for ten days, and strain. Phil. Coll. Pharm. BERBERIS. Barberry. One species of this genus, B. vulgaris, has been employed in medicine in Europe. It is a native of Europe, but is naturalized in- some parts of the U. S. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Berberi- Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 49. Griffith, Med. Bot. 112. The parts used are principally the berries, which are acidulous, and form a substitute for tamarinds, in the preparation of cooling drinks. The bark of the root is bitter and astringent, and is useful in the treatment of apthous sore mouth, and was at one time much esteemed in the treatment of jaundice. Lemonade of Barberries. R . Juice of berries one part Sweetened water fifteen parts Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Beral. BISMUTHUM. Bismuth. BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. SUBNITRATE OF BlSMUTH. R. Purified bismuth one ounce Nitric acid one fl. ounce and a-half Diluted water sufficient Mix one fl. ounce of water with the acid, and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture ; when action has terminated, pour clear so- lution into three pints of the water, and permit precipitate to subside ; pour off su- pernatant fluid, wash the precipitate well, and dry it by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, especially in certain painful affections of the stomach. Dose, five grains, twice or thrice a-day, gradu- ally increasing the quantity. Comfound Bismuth Powder. R. Subnitrate of bismuth twelve grains Powdered ipecacuanha two grains Carbonate of magnesia two drachms 130 3Iix, and form twelve powders. One, two or three times a-day, in gastrodynia. Clams. R. Subnitrate of bismuth eight grains Opium one grain Sugar two drachms Mix, and form four powders. Amnion. Much praised by the author, in cholera; one powder to be taken every two hours. Pills of Subnitrate or Bismuth. R . Subnitrate of bismuth one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. One to be given every two hours in dyspepsia. Ellis. Subnitrate of Bismuth Ointment. R . Subnitrate of bismuth one part Lard three parts Rub well together. Said to be useful in psora, and other cutaneous eruptions. Kerksig. BISTORTA— BRUCIA. BISTORTA. Bistort. This is the root of the Polygonum Bistorta, a native of Europe, and also found in the northern parts of this country, growing in wet situations. Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygo- naceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 516. Lindley, Fl. Med. 361. The part employed, is the root; this is bitter and austere, especially in a fresh state. It is a powerful astringent, but is seldom used in this country. The dose of the powder is twenty or thirty grains, three or four times a-day. Infusion of Bistort. R. Bistort one ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse for two hours, and strain. Recom- mended in passive hemorrhages. Radius. Astringent Clyster. R. Bistort one ounce Poppy heads two drachms Water one pint Infuse, and strain. As an injection, in diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Guibourt. BOLETUS LARICIS. White Agaric. A parasitic fungus growing on the trunk of the larch, in many parts of Europe. It is desti- tute of smell, but the taste, at first vapid and farinaceous, becomes bitter, acrid, and nauseous. Formerly much used as a purgative, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. It has lately been thought to be very efficacious in arresting the colliquative sweats in phthisis. Powder of Agaric. R. Powdered agaric twelve grains White sugar two drachms Mix well, and divide into six powders. One to be given at night, against colliqua- tive sweats. Radius. Powder of Agaric and Opium. R. Powdered agaric eighteen grains opium three grains gum Arabic two drachms Mix, and divide into nine powders. One to be given at night, against colliquative sweats. Radius. Pills of Agaric and Opium. R. Powdered agaric fifteen grains Extract of opium two grains and a-half Mix, and form six pills. One or two at bedtime, in same cases as above noticed. Rayer. BROMINUM. Bromine. This elementary substance has much analogy to iodine in its chemical characters, and in its action on the system. It is a dark fed, volatile liquid, having a very caustic taste and a disagree- able odor. It has been employed in bronchocele, scrofula, chronic cutaneous diseases, and hyper- trophy of the heart. Solution of Bromine. R. Bromine one part Distilled water forty parts Mix. Dose, six drops several times a-day, gradually increasing the dose. PourchL Alcoholic Solution of Bromine. R. Bromine ten drops Alcohol one ounce Mix. As an external application. The strength to be increased five drops to the ounce, daily. Founet. Lotion of Bromine. R . Bromine twenty to thirty drops Water one pint Mix. For scrofulous ulcers. Glover. R. Bromine four fl. drachms Water five fl. ounces Mix. Pourchi. BRUCIA. Brucine. R . Powdered false Angustura bark, at will. Treat it three times with water acidulated with muriatic acid, mix the liquids, eva- porate, add milk of lime, wash the pre- cipitate, dry, and treat it with alcohol; eva- BRUCIJE ACETAS. MURIAS ET SULPHAS— BUXUS. 131 porate this, combine the residue with sul- phuric acid, dissolve the salt in water, treat with animal charcoal, crystallize, re- dissolve in water, and precipitate by means of ammonia. Cottereau. A highly poisonous alkaloid, obtained from the bark of the strychnos nux vomica, or false Angus- tura bark. It is white, very bitter, and readily soluble in alcohol, but with difficulty in water. Acts on the system like strychnia, but with less energy, and has been given in same class of diseases. Pills of Brucia. R. Brucia twelve grains Conserve of roses half a drachm Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be given morning and evening, gradually increasing the dose. Foy. Solution of Brucia. R. Brucia six grains Distilled water four fl. ounces Sugar two drachms Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- ing. Magendie. Tincture of Brucia. R. Brucia eighteen grains Alcohol (0-847) one ounce Dissolve. Six to twenty-four drops in some demulcent drink. Soubeiran. BRUCIJE ACETAS. MURIAS ET SULPHAS. Acetate, Muriate, and Sulphate of Brucine. These are all made by the same process, using for each the appropriate acids. R. Brucine at will Acetic acid sufficient Put the brucine in a porcelain capsule on a water-bath; pour a small quantity of water on it, and then add the acid very gradually, constantly stirring till perfect saturation takes place; filter, evaporate to one-half, and then crystallize. Cottereau. BRYONIA. Bryony. The roots of two species of bryony are used in medicine, the B. alba, and B.dioica, the first in England, the latter in other parts of Europe, but are identical in their sensible properties and action on the system. Sex. Syst. Monoec. syngen. Nat. Syst. Cucur- bitacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 621. Griffith, Med. Bot. 311. The part used is the root; this is acrid and purgative, causing copious, watery stools ; in doses of ten grains to two scruples. It has also some reputation as a cataplasm. Cataplasm of Bryony. R. Juice of bryony root Crumb of bread, each, sufficient to form a cataplasm. Used as an applica- tion to engorged glands of the neck. Barthez. Compound Cataplasm of Bryony. R . Rasped bryony root three ounces Contused elder bark one ounce Gum ammoniac half an ounce Muriate of ammonia two drachms Oil of cicuta two ounces Vinegar sufficient Mix, and heat. An application to scrofu- lous tumors. Plenck. Wine of Bryony. R . Bryony root one ounce White wine one pint Boil gently, and filter. To be taken in wineglassfuls, in dropsies. Hufeland. BUXUS. Box. The box is a shrub or small tree, native of the south of Europe, but now generally cultivated in this country. Sea;. Syst. Monoec. triand. Nat. Syst. Euphor- The parts used are the wood and leaves. The first is sudorific and possesses somewhat the pro- perties of guaiacum ; the latter are purgative, but neither are now used. The following prepara- tion, however, has obtained some celebrity in the cure of gonorrhoea, and in epilepsy. Oil of Box. R . Rasped box-wood sufficient Distil, separate the oil, and rectify it. Dose, four to five drops, three times a-day. Wirtemberg Ph. 132 CACAO. C. CACAO. Cocoa. Chocolate Nuts. These are the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, a small tree, indigenous to South America, and are also produced from some other sources. Sex. Syst. Polydelph. pentand. Nat. Sijst. Bytt- neracese. Linn. Sp. PL 1 100. Lindley, Flor. Med. 138. The nuts are of an almond shape, and consist of a white, sweetish, somewhat oleaginous sub- stance, covered by a leathery like shell. They are principally used as an article of food, but also are employed in medicine. Compound Cocoa Powders. Palamond. R. Roasted cocoa eight ounces Rice flour Potato starch, each, two pounds Red saunders, powdered, one ounce Mix. A drachm to an ounce, boiled in water, as a restorative diet. Soubeiran. Racahout. R. Roasted cocoa two ounces Potato starch five ounces Powdered salep one ounce Sugar eight ounces Vanilla sufficient Mix. Two or three spoonfuls boiled with eight fl. ounces of water, form a nutritious diet for the convalescent. Foy. WlKANA. R. Roasted cocoa two ounces Sugar five ounces and a-half Powdered cinnamon two drachms vanilla thirty-six grains Ambergris three grains Musk one grain and a-half Mix. Half a drachm, boiled with milk or water, more stimulating than the last. Guibourt. Compound Cocoa Paste Chocolate. Vanilla Chocolate. R. Cocoa paste six pounds Sugar ten pounds Vanilla eleven drachms Triturate thoroughly together, and form cakes. Cottereau. Aromatic Chocolate. R. Cocoa Sugar, each, sixteen ounces Powdered cinnamon half an ounce Cloves two drachms Cardamom Vanilla, each, one drachm Triturate together, and form cakes. Weiglebt. Salep Chocolate. R. Cocoa paste Sugar, each, ten pounds Powdered salep ten ounces Triturate well, and form cakes of half an ounce each. Cadet. White Chocolate. R. Sugar six pounds Rice flour one pound twelve ounces Potato starch eight ounces Glum Arabic four ounces Tincture of vanilla half fl. ounce Butter of cocoa eight ounces Boiling water sufficient Triturate well, into a stiff paste. Cottereau. These afford a good article of diet, for conval- escents, and debilitated persons, when boiled with water or milk. The last is the least stim- ulating. Chocolate Cream. R. Boiling milk sixteen parts Sugar Yolk of egg, each, two parts Ground cocoa one part Mix, and boil gently. Beral. Butter op Cocoa. R. Cocoa, roasted at will Reduce to a paste in a warm iron mortar, triturate on a stone slab, add a fifth part boiling water, place it in a bag, and ex- press between two heated metal plates ; melt the product, and, on cooling, separate the water. Guibourt. Butter op Cocoa Mixture. R . Butter of cocoa three ounces Oil of almonds one ounce and six drachms Syrup of red poppies one ounce Orange-flower water four drachms Mix. As a soothing demulcent in ca- tarrh. In spoonful doses. Cadet. Butter op Cocoa Ointment. R. Butter of cocoa Oil of almonds equal parts Melt over a water-bath. Guibourt. CADMIUM— CALCIUM. 133 CADMIUM. Cadmium. A soft, crystallizable, ductile, volatilizable metal, not used in medicine in its metallic state, but affording the following remedial salt. CADMII SULPHAS. Sulphate op Cadmium. R. Oxide of cadmium one ounce Sulphuric acid sufficient Dissolve, evaporate, and crystallize Used in solution and ointment, as an applica- tion in chronic ophthalmia. Solution op Sulphate of Cadmium. R. Sulphate of cadmium two grains Laudanum twenty drops Rose water four fl. ounces Mix. As a wash in chronic ophthalmia Guibourt. Ointment op Sulphate op Cadmium. R. Sulphate of cadmium one or two grains Lard one drachm Mix. As an application in spots on the cornea. Radius. CALAMUS. Calamus. This is the root of Acorus Calamus, an indige- nous plant found in most parts of the U. S. in wet situations. It also grows in Europe and Asia. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oronti- aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 462. Griffith, Med. Bot. 620. The part employed is the root; this has a fra- grant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. It is a stimulant tonic, and aromatic. The dose, in substance, is from a scruple to a drachm. Electuary op Calamus. R. Powdered calamus two drachms and a-half valerian one drachm and a-half Syrup of orange peel two ounces Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Shubarth. Infusion of Calamus. R. Calamus one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful or more. Compound Infusion of Calamus. R. Calamus ten drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse and strain, then add Peppermint water two ounces Muriatic ether one drachm and a-half Syrup one ounce Mix. Dose, a spoonful, in disordered di- gestion. Augustin. Tincture of Calamus. R. Calamus bruised one part Alcohol (0.847) eight parts Macerate for eight days, and filter. Guibourt. Compound Tincture op Calamus. R. Contused calamus ginger coriander Black pepper, each, one ounce Alcohol two pints and a-half Macerate for four days, and filter. Dose, forty to fifty drops as a stomachic and car- minative. Niemann. R. Contused calamus gentian, each, three ounces geum two ounces and a-half angelica one ounce and a-half ginger half an ounce fennel two ounces alcohol twelve pints Macerate for six days, and filter. A tea- spoonful in wine. CALCIUM. Calcium. CALCII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Calcium. R. Chalk five ounces Muriatic acid Water, each, ten fl. ounces Mix the acid and water, and gradually add the chalk. "When all action ceases, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Fuse, and pour out on a stone slab ; when cool, break in fragments, and preserve in well- stopped bottles. Lond. Ph. Cataplasm op Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium soda, each, half an ounce Water half a pint Linseed meal sufficient Make a cataplasm. In scrofulous and white swellings. Swediaur. Solution of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium eight ounces Water (imp. mcas.) twelve Jl. ounces Dissolve, and filter. Edin. Ph. 134 Dose, thirty drops two or three times a-day, gradually increased ; to be given in milk, or some demulcent. Used in scrofula, goitre, tabes mesenterica, &c. Mixture of Chloride or Calcium. CALX CHLORINATA. one drachm ten grains one ounce six ounces times a-day in Phoebus. one drachm seven fl. ounces R. Chloride of calcium Extract of henbane Syrup of liquorice Water Mix. A spoonful four scrofula. R. Chloride of calcium Almond mixture Syrup of gum Arabic one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every three hours. Gr'dfe. Pills of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium one drachm Extract of opium nine grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make fifty-four pills. One every two or three hours, in gonorrhea, gradually increasing the dose, until eight, ten, or twelve are taken every hour. Gra/e. CALX CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chloride of Lime. R. Hydrate of lime a pound Chlorine sufficient Pass the chloride over the lime, spread in a proper vessel, until it is saturated. Lond. Ph. It is a dessicant and disinfectant, and is also used to ill-conditioned ulcers, burns, chilblains, to some cutaneous affections, &c. Preservative Liquid. R. Water sixteen parts Chlorinated lime four parts Alum two parts Nitre one part Mix. Said to be very efficient for the preservation of anatomical preparations. Reboulet. Lozenges of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime two drachms Sugar eight ounces Starch one ounce Tragacanth one drachm Cochineal three grains Rub well together, and make lozenges of three grains each. One to be taken three or four times a-day, in cases of bad breath. COLLUTORY OF CHLORINATED LlME. R. Chlorinated lime fifteen to thirty grains Mucilage of gum Arabic one fl. ounce Syrup of orange peel half fl. ounce Mix. To be applied by means of a piece of sponge or camel's hair brush, to ulcers Angelot. three drachms in the mouth. R. Chlorinated lime Distilled water Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces Oil of roses four drops Dissolve, and filter. A teaspoonsful in a glass of water, to correct fetid breath. Chevallier. Chlorinated Lime Dentifrice. R. Chloride of lime four grains Powdered red coral two drachms A toothbrush, slightly wetted, to be dipped in this powder, and rubbed on the teeth. Magendie. Compound Injection of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chloride of lime two drachms Decoction of rhatany thirteen fl. ounces Dissolve, and filter. As an injection in ozena, three or four times a-day. Detmold. Ointment of Chlorinated Lime. R . Chlorinated lime one drachm Lard one ounce Rub together. In scrofulous swellings. R. Chlorinated lime Lard Rub together. In goitre R. Chlorinated lime Borate of soda, each, Lard Rub together thoroughly. half a drachm. one ounce Werneck. R. Chlorinated lime Powdered digitalis Vinegar Lard Rub together mors. one drachm one ounce In chilblains. Trusen. one drachm two drachms two fl. scruples one ounce In indolent glandular tu- Phcebus. Liniment of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime half a drachm Rub in a glass mortar, adding gradually, Rose water one fl. ounce and when quite clear Oil of almonds one fl. ounce As an application in tinea capitis. Trusen. CALCII IODIDUM-CALCIUM OXIDI. CALX. 135 — • — Lime "Watek. R. Lime four ounces Distilled water one gallon Slake the lime with a little of the water, CALCII IODIDUM. Iodide op Calcium. R. Iodide of iron at will Precipitate with an excess of slaked lime, evaporate to dryness, dissolve in distilled water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Pills of Iodide of Calcium. R. Iodide of calcium ten grains Extract of savine twelve grains Mix, and divide into four pills. One every four hours. In amenorrhoea, with scrofula. Brer a. R. Iodide of calcicum ten grains Extract of aconite six grains Mix, and divide into six pills. One every four hours. In chronic bronchitis and tubercular phthisis. Brer a. CALCII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret op Calcium. R. Quicklime seven parts Sulphur four parts Pulverize, and heat for two hours in a covered crucible. Guibourt R. Quicklime two parts Sulphur one part Water five parts Mix, and boil gently, evaporate to dryness, stirring. Cottereau. Stimulant, diaphoretic. Dose, five to ten Compound Pills op Sulphuret op Calcium. R. Sulphuret of calcium one drachm Powdered cinnamon Extract of monkshood, each, fifteen grains mallows sufficient Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, four, three or four times a-day, in gout and chronic rheumatism. Phoebus. Liniment of Sulphuret of Calcium. R. Sulphuret of calcium one ounce Oil of juniper two drachms Dippel's animal oil ten drops Mix well. As an embrocation in gout. Auguslin. CALCIUM OXIDI. CALX. Lime. R. Chalk one pound Blgak into small pieces, and calcine in a strong fire for an hour. Lond. Ph. add the remainder, stir well, and let stand for three hours. Keep in well-stopped bottles. U. S. P. Compound Lime Water. R . Rasped guaiacum wood half an ounce Contused liquorice root one ounce sassafras bark h alf an ounce coriander seeds three drachms lime water six pints Macerate for two days in a closed vessel, and filter. Bub. Ph. Liniment op Lime Water and Oil. R. Linseed oil three fl. ounces Lime water six fl. ounces Make a liniment. As an application to burns and scalds. Ellis. Liniment of Lime Water and Al- cohol. R. Alcohol two fl. ounces Lime water half a pint Mix. In same cases as the last. Ellis. Liniment of Lime Water and Opium. R. Lime water Linseed oil Laudanum equal parts Mix. In the same cases, and as an em- brocation to allay pain. Augustin. Liniment for Sore Breasts. R. Lime water Almond oil, each, three drachms Extract of opium one grain Mix. The breasts are to be covered with lint dipped in this mixture. Niemann. Liniment of Lime and Sulphur. R. Lime Sulphur, each, two ounces Olive oil sufficient Mix. As a friction in scabies. Giannini. Lime Water and Carbonate op Po- tassa. R. Carbonate of potassa two drachms Lime water two pints Dissolve. As an antilitkic; a wincglass- ful every two hours, in same quantity of new milk. Ellis. Lime Water and Milk. R. Lime water New milk equal parts Mix. As an antacid, and to remove sick- 136 CALCIS CARBONAS. ness of the stomach. Dose, one to two tablespoonfuls. Ellis. Antacid Mixture. R. Lime water four ounces Solution of potassa Syrup of orange peel, each, one ounce Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful in a cup of water. Found useful in dyspepsia and heartburn. Cooley. Lime Ointment. R. Lime one ounce Linseed oil three ounces Mucilage of quince seeds two ounces Mix well. In burns and scalds. Radius. R. Slaked lime one drachm Carbonate of soda two drachms Extract of opium ten grains Lard two ounces Rub well together. In obstinate cutane- ous affections. Biett. R. Slaked lime Laudanum, each, half a drachm Cucumber ointment four drachms Rub well together. As an application to hemorrhoidal tumors. Guibourt. R. Lime Sulphur, each, two ounces Muriate of soda one ounce Lard one pound Olive oil two pounds Mix well. As a friction in itch. Ferrara. Ph. CALCIS CARBONAS. Carbonate op Lime. Precipitated Carbonate op Lime. R. Water of chloride of calcium five parts Carbonate of soda three parts Dissolved in four times its weight of dis- tilled water. Mix. Wash the precipitate three times, and dry. Dub. Ph. Prepared Chalk. R. Chalk at will Add a little water, and rub to fine pow- der. Throw into a vessel of water, and stir, pour off liquid, while yet turbid, into another vessel, and permit chalk to sub- side ; pour off water, and dry the precipi- tate. U. S. Ph. Prepared Oyster Shell. R. Oyster shell at will Free it from extraneous matter, wash with boiling water, reduce to powder, and proceed as with chalk. U. S. Ph. As an antacid in bowel affections. In doses of from ten to forty, or more grains, often re- peated. Aromatic Powder of Chalk. R. Prepared oyster shell two drachms Magnesia one drachm Powdered cinnamon one scruple Mix. Compound Powder of Chalk. R . Prepared chalk half a pound Cinnamon four ounces Tormentil Gum Arabic, each, three ounces Long pepper half an ounce Beat separately into fine powder, and mix. Lond. Ph. Stimulant, astringent, and antacid ; useful in diarrhoea, with acidity, but without inflammation. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Compound Powder of Chalk with Opium. R. Compound powder of chalk six ounces and a-half Powdered opium four scruples Mix well. Lond. Ph. In diarrhoea of adults, in doses of ten or twenty grains, after each evacuation. Dentifrice Powder with Carbonate of Lime. R. Powdered cuttlefish bone Peruvian bark myrrh equal parts Mix. Pierquin. R. Powdered cuttlefish bone six ounces red coral two ounces dragon's blood red saunders orris root, each, one ounce and a-half cinnamon alum, each, half an ounce Mix. Par. Ph. Lozenges of Chalk. R. Prepared chalk four ounces Grum Arabic, powdered, one ounce Nutmeg " one drachm Sugar " six ounces Rub together till mixed ; mix with suffi- cient water to form mass ; divide into lo- zenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. As a mild antacid astringent, in diarrhoea. Dentifrice Electuary. R. Powdered red coral four ounces cuttlefish bone cinnamon, each, one ounce cochineal half an ounce alum half a drachm CALCIS PHOSPHAS-CALENDULA. oil of cloves honey six drops ten ounces Mix. Taddei. Chalk Mixture. R. Prepared chalk half an ounce Sugar Powdered gum Arabic, each, two drachms Cinnamon water Water, each, four fl. ounces Rub them together until thoroughly mixed U. S. Ph. A tablespoonful, as may be required. R . Prepared chalk one drachm and a-half White sugar Gum Arabic, each, sufficient Oil of cinnamon two drops Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Compound Chalk Mixture. R. Chalk mixture five fl. ounces Aromatic confection one drachm Solution carbonate ammonia one fl. drachm Laudanum twenty minims Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, in diarrhoea. Ainslie. CALCIS PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Lime. R. Burnt bones, in powder one part Diluted muriatic acid Water, each, two parts Digest together for twelve hours, and fil- ter. Add water of caustic ammonia, suf- ficient to precipitate phosphate of lime. Wash this, and dry. Dub. Ph. Burnt Hartshorn. R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open vessel till quite white, and prepare them as directed for chalk. Lond. Ph. Has been thought efficacious in mollities os- sium and rachitis, but probably inert. Dose, twenty grains, or more. Dentifrice Powder op Phosphate op Lime. R. Phosphate of lime White bole Gum lac, each, Cinnamon Myrrh Powder well, and mix. eighteen parts twelve parts one part two parts Van Mans. 137 Dentifrice Electuary of Phosphate op Lime. R. Powdered phosphate of lime two ounces and a-half gum lac one ounce cinnamon one drachm and a-half cloves one scruple Syrup of lemon sufficient iq a soft electuary. Van Mons, CALENDULA Marygold. This is the officinal name of Calendula offici- iialis, a plant indigenous to Europe, and often cultivated in gardens in this country as a pot herb. Sex. Syst. Syngen. necess. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1304. Lindley, Flor. Med. 466. The parts used are the herb, flowers, and seed. Their smell is peculiar, and somewhat aromatic ; the taste is feebly bitter, and a little acrid. It was formerly much used, but had fallen into disuse, when, of late years, it has again been brought forward as a remedy in cancerous affections. Extract of Marygold. R. Marygold one part Tepid water four parts Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil for a quarter of an hour, express, boil residue with four parts of water, express, mix two decoctions, and evaporate to proper consis- tence. Guibourt. Pills of the Extract of Marygold. R. Extract of marygold cicuta Sub carbonate of iron, each, two drachms Powdered marygold one drachm and a-half Mix well, and divide into pills of two grains each. Five or six are to be taken three times a-day in schirrhous and cancerous affections. Rust. Lotion op Extract of Marygold. R. Extract of marygold cicuta, each, three drachms Cherry laurel water two ounces Tincture of opium half an ounce Mix. As a lotion to cancerous ulcerations. Radius. Infusion of Marygold. R. Marygold flowers three drachms Boiling water sufficient to obtain five ounces; infuse, and add to the strained liquid 138 CALOTROPIS— CAMPHOR A. Syrup of orange peel half an ounce Dose, two spoonfuls, three times a-day. Radius. Ointment of Marygold. R. Marygold flowers three drachms Water five fl. ounces Boil to three ounces, strain, and add Extract of marygold one drachm Tar two ounces Pyroligneous acid half an ounce Gum Arabic sufficient Mix. As an application to cancerous ulcers. Radius. CALOTROPIS. MUDAR. The Calotropis gigantea is a native of the East Indies, and is now naturalized in several of the West India Islands. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ascle- Brown, Tr. Wern. Soc. 1. 29. Griffith, Med. Bot. 456. The part used is the bark of the root; this is of a whitish color, inodorous, but with a bitter, nauseous taste. It is purgative, alterative, and diaphoretic, and has been highly spoken of in the treatment of elephantiasis and lepra. Dose, three grains to thirty ; in the latter dose it is emetic and purgative. Infusion of Mudar. R . Mudar three drachms Boiling water eight ounces Infuse, and strain. As an alterative, one to two fl. drachms ; emetic, two fl. ounces. Cassanova. Pills of Mudar. R . Powdered mudar one drachm Honey sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Two or three to be taken a- day as alterative in lepra, &c. Cassanova. Oil of Mudar. R. Powdered mudar one drachm Olive oil seven ounces Infuse for half an hour over a water-bath, and strain. As an application to leprous Cassanova. CAMPHORA. Camphor. A peculiar white, crystallizable, semi-trans- parent, volatile product of several plants, but that used in medicine is obtained from the Camphora qfficinarum, an evergreen tree, of con- siderable size, indigenous to China, and other Asiatic countries. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lau- raceae. Nees. Laurin. 88. Griffith, Med. Bot. 553. It has narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative proper- ties, and is employed in a variety of diseases, and used externally, as an anodyne. The close is from three to ten grains. Camphor can be powdered by trituration, with a few drops of al- cohol. Camphor Powder. R. Camphor nine grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into nine powders. lin. Compound Camphor Powder R. Powdered camphor Myrrh, each, two drachms Peruvian bark Chamomile, each, half an ounce Charcoal one ounce Mix. Dose two scruples, or more, in gangrene. Rust. R. Powdered camphor Benzoic acid, each, six grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into four powders. As an antispasmodic and sedative. Saunders. R. Powdered gum Arabic one ounce orange peel sugar, each, two drachms camphor ten grains opium five grains Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Amnion. Said to have been useful in cholera. Camphor Pills. R. Powdered camphor Sugar Starch Crumb of bread, each, one scruple Mix, and make twenty pills. Augustin. Compound Camphor Pills. R . Powdered camphor twenty-four grains musk eight grains opium two grains syrup sufficient Beat into a mass, and divide into six pills. In hospital gangrene. Dupuytren. Pills of Camphor and Lactucarium. R. Camphor Lactucarium, each, fifty grains Mix, and make twenty pills. Four to six daily, as anaphrodisiac. Ricord. Pills of Camphor and Musk. R. Camphor one scruple Musk ten grains CAMPHORA. 139 Grum ammoniac two scruples Opium four grains Mix, and divide into four grain pills. Dose, four or five in a day, in nervous disorders. Richard. Camphor Water. R. Camphor two drachms Alcohol forty minims Carbonate of magnesia one drachm Distilled water two pints Eub the camphor with the alcohol, then with the magnesia, and afterwards, with the water gradually added, filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, to be repeat- ed as occasion may require. Camphor Water and Laudanum. R . Camphor water four fl. ounces Compound spirit of lavender two drachms Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Camphor Water and Nitric Acid. R. Camphor water four fl. ounces Nitric acid four drops Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops Mix. In the same dose, and in the same complaints, as the last. Ellis. R. Camphor water ten fl. drachms Laudanum forty drops Spirit of sulphuric ether one fl. drachm Syrup of poppies one fl. drachm Mix. To prevent a paroxysm of inter- mittent fever. To be given just before its accession. Gregory. Camphor Water and Hoffmann's Anodyne. R. Camphor water four fl. ounces Hoffmann's anodyne two fl. drachms Mix. A desertspoonful, every hour or two, in some demulcent drink. In ner- vous affections and sleeplessness in fevers. Ellis. Infusion of Camphor. R. Camphor 'one ounce Boiling water eight fl. ounces Pour water on camphor, and let stand till cold, keep in well-stopped bottle. Dose, a tablespoonful, every hour or two, in ner- vous per vigilium and nervous irritability. Ellis. Camphor Mixture. R. Powdered camphor one drachm gum Arabic white sugar, each, one drachm and a-half Tincture of opium forty drops Mint water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in low conditions of the system. Ellis. R. Powdered camphor gum Arabic sugar Cinnamon water Mix. To relieve the pain one scruple one drachm sufficient one ounce in dysmenor- rhoea. One-half to be given as soon as pain is felt, if not relieved in an hour or two, the remainder to be taken. Dewees. R. Powdered camphor half a drachm gum Arabic two drachms sugar three drachms vinegar half an ounce water six ounces Mix. As a stimulant. Phoebus. Emulsion of Camphor. R. Camphor Olive oil, each, one drachm Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce Water four fl. ounces Triturate the camphor and oil together, until uniformly mixed ; add the gum, and then the water gradually, triturating till the emulsion is formed. W. Procter. Camphor and Milk. R. Camphor one drachm Boiling milk four fl. ounces Dissolve. To be used as the last. Ellis. Camphor with Myrrh. R. Powdered camphor one drachm myrrh half a drachm sugar two drachms water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Ellis. Tincture of Camphor. R. Camphor four ounces Alcohol two pints Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Chiefly vised as an anodyne embrocation. Tincture of Camphor and Saffron. R one ounce one scruple one pint Guibourt. Camphor Saffron Alcohol Macerate for a day, and filter As a lotion, or fomentation. Ethereal Tincture of Camphor. R. Camphor one ounce Sulphuric ether eight fl. ounces Dissolve. Swediaur. 140 CAMPHORA. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, in wine, as a stimulant and antispasmodic. Mixture of Tincture or Camphor. B. Tincture of camphor Goulard's extract equal parts Mix. As a lotion, several times a-day, to parts disposed to ulcerate by constant de- cubitus. Toft, Mixture of Camphor and Chloro- form. one drachm half fl. drachm R Camphor Chloroform Mix, and add Yolk of egg one Triturate, and add gradually Water six fl. ounces As a stimulant. Dose, two fl. drachms to fl. half ounce. Mixture of Camphor and Ether. Camphor water Sulphuric ether Syrup Hot water one ounce one scruple one ounce two pints Mix. In spoonful doses in gout in the stomach. Pierquin. B. Camphor one scruple Sulphuric ether two drachms Dissolve, and add Laudanum twenty drops Cinnamon water six ounces Mix. A spoonful every three or four hours as a stimulant. Augustin. Camphor Liniment. B • Camphor half an ounce Olive oil two fl. ounces Dissolve the camphor in the oil. U. S. Ph. As an anodyne embrocation. Compound Camphor Liniment. B- Camphor two ounces and a-half Solution of ammonia, seven fl. ounces and a-half Spirit of lavender one pint Mix solution of ammonia with the spirit; then, from a glass retort, by a slow fire, distil a pint; dissolve camphor in the dis- tilled fluid. Lond. Ph. A rubefacient and anodyne embrocation. B. Camphor one drachm Oil of chamomile Wine of opium, each, Oil of hyoscyamus Mix. two drachms one ounce Augustin. Liniment of Camphor and Vinegar. B. Tincture of camphor three fl. ounces Acetic acid one fl. drachm Mix. As a lotion or embrocation. Ellis. Ethereal Camphor Liniment. B. Soft soap Alcohol, each, one ounce Dissolve, and add Camphor half an ounce Dissolved in Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce As an embrocation. Saunders. Ward's Essence for Headache. B. Camphor two ounces Rectified spirit fourteen ounces Water of ammonia two ounces Oil of lavender half an ounce Mix. As an application to the forehead, &c, in headache. Redwood. Camphor Water Mixture. B. Camphor water Solution of acetate of ammonia, each, half fl. ounce Antimonial wine Tincture of opium, each, twenty drops Mix. To be taken at bedtime, as a stimu- lating diaphoretic. Ellis. Camphor Clyster. B. Camphor one drachm Olive oil two ounces Mix. An excellent enema in cases of ascarides, to be used for three or four suc- cessive nights. Ellis. B. Common clyster two pints Camphor two drachms Yolk of egg one Mix. A fourth part to be injected at a time, to be employed as occasion may re- quire in low fevers. +Chaussier. Camphor Ointment. B. Lard Suet Oil of bayberries Wax, each, Melt together, and add Camphor Said to be efficacious as an application to Radius. half an ounce one drachm chilblains B. Fresh butter Spermaceti White wax Melt together, and add Powdered camphor Oxide of zinc, each, To be applied in chronic inflammation of eyelids, to the affected parts, at night. Maternite. B. Camphor one drachm Basilicon ointment one ounce three drachms two drachms three ounces three grains CANELLA-CANTHARIS. 141 Soap half an ounce Powdered mustard one scruple Mix. As an external application in lum- bago. Ferriar. Camphor Collyrium. R. Camphor water six fl. ounces Solution acetate of ammonia two fl. ounces Mix. A mild astringent, stimulant in in- flammation of the eyes. Ellis. Liniment or Camphor and Turpen- tine. R. Oil of turpentine fifteen parts Camphor one part Mix. As a stimulating embrocation. Beral. Nitrate oe Camphor. R. Nitric acid at will Camphor sufficient to saturate. Decant. Ten drops every two hours on sugar, or in syrup, in chronic pleurisy. Also used as a friction in rheu- matism and palsy. Van Mons. Camphorated Cough Mixture. R. Camphor half a scruple Mucilage of gum Arabic three ounces Syrup of mallows one ounce and a-half Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Saunders. CANELLA. Canella. This is the bark of the Canella alba, a large tree, native of Jamaica and other West India islands. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Me- liacese. Swartz. Trans. Linn.Soc. 1. 96. Griffith, Med. Bot. 181. The part used is the bark, which is of a pale orange-yellow colour, with an aromatic odor, and warm, bitterish, pungent taste. It is principally- used as an adjuvant to other remedies. The dose, as a stimulant, is from ten grains to a scruple. ous exudation, which is narcotic and intoxicating. They have been recommended in a variety of diseases of a formidable character. Extract of Hemp. R. Dried hemp tops at will Boil in alcohol until all the resinous mat- ter is dissolved; strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 0' Shaughnessy. Has been given with success in tetanus, hydro- phobia, cholera, &c. Dose, ten grains. To be increased as occasion may require. Tincture of Hemp. R. Extract of hemp twenty-four grains Diluted alcohol one fl. ounce Dissolve. In tetanus, one drachm every half hour, till some effect is produced. In cholera, ten drops every half hour. 0' Shaughnessy. Emulsion of Hemp-seed. R. Hemp-seed bruised six drachms G-um Arabic one drachm Parsley water five fl. ounces Rub together so as to form emulsion, strain, and add Syrup of balsam of Peru one ounce A spoonful every hour in gonorrhoea. Radius. Resin of Hemp. R. Dried hemp tops, bruised, at will Macerate several times in warm water, and then in a solution of carbonate of soda; afterwards, wash well with water, pressing after each operation. Dry, and digest in rectified spirit, to which milk of lime, con- taining an ounce of lime to each pound of hemp tops, has been added. Filter, add a slight excess of sulphuric acid ; again filter, distil off most of the spirit, add to the resi- due three or four times its bulk of water, evaporate the rest of the spirit, decant the water, wash and dry. Dose, two-thirds of a grain. Smith. CANNABIS. Hemp. The Cannabis sativa is an annual plant, a na- tive of Asia, but generally cultivated in Europe and the United States. The East Indian plant is more powerful in its action on the system than that growing in more temperate climates. Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Canna- binaceaj. Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 572. The parts used are the seeds, the leaves, and the stems : the two latter are covered with a resin- CANTHARIS. Spanish Fly. The Canthaiis vesicaloria is an insect inhabiting those parts of Europe in which the vine grows naturally. It has a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The body is oblong, of a golden green color. Spanish flies are stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, and vesicant. They are used inter- nally in dropsies, and in various disorders of the urinary organs; externally, to irritate or vesicate. Several species are natives of the United States, which are not inferior in their powers to the foreign insect. Dose, one to two grains. Powder of Cantiiarides and Savtne. R. Powdered cantiiarides two grains 142 CANTHARIS. savine one drachm Mix, and divide into four powders. One to be taken at night, as an enimenagogue, watching its effects closely. Ellis. Powder of Cantharides and Camphor. R. Powdered cantharides four grains camphor eight grains Sugar of milk three drachms Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be given twice a-day as a diuretic. Augustin. R. Powdered cantharides eighteen grains opium camphor, each, thirty-six grains Mix, and form into thirty-six pills. One to be taken at bedtime, in cases of ini- potency from general debility. Ellis. Extract of Cantharides. R. Cantharides at will Digest, in four or five times their weight of alcohol; filter, repeat operation, unite the two tinctures, and evaporate. Soubeiran. Pills of Cantharides and Iron. R. Powdered cantharides one scruple Subcarbonate of iron two scruples Extract of liquorice one drachm Form a mass, and divide into pills of one grain each. Dose, three or four, three times a-day, gradually augmenting the dose. As a diuretic. Meissner. Pills of Cantharides and Capsicum. R. Powdered cantharides five grains capsicum eight grains camphor one scruple guaiacum one drachm Tincture of colocynth sufficient Form mass, and divide into eighty pills. Dose, one, gradually increasing to four or five, twice a-day, in paraplegia. Sundelin. Infusion of Cantharides. R. Cantharides one scruple Boiling water sufficient to obtain three ounces of infusion, after digesting for half an hour, and straining. Soubeiran. Emulsion of Cantharides. R. Cantharides one scruple Sweet almonds six drachms Sugar one ounce Beat together, and gradually rub up with Lime water ten ounces Strain. A spoonful every two or three hours in neuralgia, and in catarrh of the bladder. Berends. R. Cantharides half a drachm Sweet almonds one ounce Sugar half an ounce Beat together, and make an emulsion with Hot water ten ounces Strain. A spoonful, every two or three hours, in hooping-cough. Huf eland. Vinegar of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides two ounces Acetic acid one pint Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Lond, Ph. As an epispastic, or as a rubefacient lotion. Tincture of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, bruised, one ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A very convenient mode of administering cantharides. Dose, from twenty drops to a fluid drachm. Also useful as a rubefacient. Camphorated Tincture of Canthari- des. R . Tincture of cantharides half an ounce Camphor three drachms Alcohol two ounces Mix. As a rubefacient. Pierquin. Compound Tincture of Cantharides. R. Cantharides one drachm Mustard Black pepper Camphor, each, half an ounce Garlic one head Vinegar six ounces Alcohol twelve ounces Macerate for some days, express, and filter. Said to be very effectual as a rubefacient lotion in rheumatism, &c. Foy. R. Tincture of cantharides. Extract of rosemary, each, one drachm Solution of carbonate of potassa one drachm and a-half Water four ounces Mix. As a lotion to promote the growth of hair, where it has been lost from an eruption, or from fever. Sachse. Tincture of Cantharides and Guaia- cum. R. Powdered cantharides one drachm guaiacum forty-five grains Contused rhubarb one drachm and a- half shell lac half a drachm Alcohol twelve fl. ounces Digest, and strain. Dose, from thirty to fifty drops, night and morning, in some demulcent. In gleet. Ellis. Ethereal Tincture op Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides one part Acetic ether sixteen parts Digest for eight clays, express, and filter. Foy. As a rubefacient and vesicant lotion ; it is very- energetic. Ethereal Extract op Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides at will Sulphuric ether sufficient treat the powder with the ether in a dis- placement funnel, properly arranged, until exhausted, and distil off the ether. Flies yield 8 per cent, of this extract. It is em- ployed for increasing the activity of blis- tering plasters, and for admixture with wax to make blistering tissue paper. Soubeiran. Camphorated Ethereal Tincture op Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides one part Nitrate of camphor three parts Alcohol fifty-six parts Digest and express, and filter at the end of a few days. Advised in dropsy, in the dose of ten to twenty drops, in white wine. Van Mon-s. Oil op Cantharides. R. Cantharides one part Olive oil eight parts Digest for six hours on a water-bath, ex- press, and filter. Guibourt. An active vesicant. R. Cantharides one part Oil of rosemary eight parts Digest for fifteen days, express, and filter. Beral. More active than the Liniment of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides one ounce Oil of turpentine half a pint Digest for three hours over a water-bath, and strain. U. S. Ph. An active stimulant when applied to the skin ; used with success in the low stages of typhus fevers. Requires caution in its use. Liniment op Cantharides and Cam- phor. R. Camphor three drachms Dissolve in Liniment of cantharides half fl. ounce Add, Strong mercurial ointment Simple ointment, each, one ounce CANTHARIS. 143 Mix, and form liniment. In low stages of fever, where the object is to arouse the system, and to affect it with mercury; also as an application to tumors. Ellis. Decoction op Cantharides in Turpen- tine. R. Cantharides in powder four ounces Oil of turpentine twelve ounces Mix in a flask, place this in a salt-bath, and heat for four hours; then dissolve with oil of turpentine until twelve fl. ounces are obtained. Dr. Hartsliorne. Liniment of Cantharides and Soap. R. Tincture of cantharides half an ounce Liquid ammonia an ounce and a half Turpentine soap two ounces Spirit of turpentine one ounce of camphor eight ounces Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Niemann. R. Cantharides, in fine powder, one pound Yellow wax Resin Lard, each, eight ounces Melt the wax, resin, and lard, together, and add the cantharides, stirring constantly till cold. U. S. Ph. The common blistering plaster. Cantharides Ointment. R. Cantharides, in powder, two ounces Distilled water half a pint Resin cerate eight ounces Boil down the cantharides in the water to one-half, strain, add cerate, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. As a stimulating dressing to blisters. R. Spanish flies, in fine powder, Olive oil, each, six ounces Oil of turpentine three ounces Yellow wax Resin, each, four ounces Mix the first three ingredients, place on a water-bath, and continue heat till the turpentine, has nearly evaporated, stirring occasionally. Then add the wax and resin, previously melted together, and heat till well incorporated ; remove from fire, and stir till cold. W. Procter. R. Powdered Spanish flies four ounces Boiling water twenty fl. ounces Macerate for twelve hours, and evaporate by a gentle heat to the consistence of syrup; add Yellow wax four ounces Resin Olive oil 144 CAPSICUM. Spirit of turpentine, each, one ounce Alcohol two ounces Incorporate well by stirring. Said to be active, to spread well, and not to deterio- rate by keeping. Martin. Plaster with Cantharides. R. Purified Burgundy pitch elemi Oil of Spanish flies, each, sixty parts Yellow wax Spanish flies Sulphuric ether, each, one hundred and twenty-five parts Powdered camphor twenty parts Put the cantharides in a bottle, add the ether, cork, and let rest for eight days, Melt by a gentle heat the pitch, wax, elemi, and oil, add the Spanish flies, and keep in fusion for two hours, stirring oc- casionally; finally, mix the camphor. Houdbine. Compound Cantharides Plaster. R. Venice turpentine four ounces and a-half Burgundy pitch Cantharides, each, White mustard seed Black pepper, each, Bees'-wax Verdigris Melt wax and Burgundy pitch, add tur- pentine, and, while hot, add other ingre- dients in fine powder. Stir till cold. Ed. Ph. A powerful and speedy vesicant. Camphorated Cantharides Plaster. R. Plaster of melilot Melt, and add Powdered cantharides Camphor As a vesicant. three ounces two drachms one ounce half an ounce two ounces six drachms half a drachm Spielmann. Issue Ointment. R. Powdered Spanish flies half an ounce Rose water two fl. ounces Boil, and add Tartar emetic fifteen grains Evaporate to one-half, strain, and add Olive oil three ounces White wax one ounce and a-half Spermaceti one ounce Boil till all moisture is evaporated. Used as a stimulating application to issues. Pliy •side. Cantharides Pomatum. R. Powdered Spanish flies one drachm Alcohol one ounce to one ounce two ounces the cheek in Van Mons. Macerate, and filter. Ten parts of this tincture are to be well incorporated with ninety parts of lard. Said to be very ef- fectual in preventing the hair from falling off. Dupuytren. Odontalgic Plaster with Cantha- rides. R. Pitch Resin, each, Melt together, and add Storax Cantharides, each, As an irritant plaster cases of toothache. Stimulating Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides one fl. drachm Soap liniment six drachms Mix. In indolent chilblains. Wardrop. Aromatic Cantharides Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides Oil of thyme Solution of ammonia equal parts Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Augustin. Blistering Court Plaster. R. Cantharides one drachm and a-half Acetic ether two ounces Infuse for eight days, decant, and add Resin two drachms Spread on court plaster. As a mild vesi- cant. Cadet. Shampoo Liquid. R. Rum three quarts Alcohol one pint Water one pint Tincture of cantharides half an ounce Carbonate of ammonia half an ounce Carbonate of potassa one ounce Dissolve the carbonates in the water, and add the solution to the other ingredients mixed together, and shake up well. To remove dandruff from the hair, by moist- ening it with the mixture, rubbing, so as to form a lather, and then washing with cold water. Morfit. CAPSICUM. Cayenne Pepper. Several species of capsicum are used iinrler the above officinal, as C. baccatum, C. frutescens, §■<:., but that usually recognized is Cannuum, a native of Asia, but now generally cultivated in Europe and America. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solana- ceag. Linn. Sp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 497. Capsicum has a pungent smell, and a hot, bit- terish, acrid taste. It is an active stimulant, CARBO ANIMALIS. 145 and rubefacient. Dose, five to ten grains in powder or pill. Cayenne Pepper Pills. R. Powdered cayenne pepper one drachm Crumb of bread Distilled water, eacb, sufficient Rub into mass, and form twelve pills. One, three or four times a-day. In de- bility of the stomach, especially from in- temperance. Ellis. R . Powdered cayenne pepper one scruple Extract of gentian one drachm Powdered gentian sufficient Form mass, and divide into sixty pills. In chronic dyspepsia. Radius. Cayenne Pepper Lozenges. R. Cayenne pepper three drachms Ginger Horseradish, each, two drachms Sugar one ounce Conserve of roses one drachm Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One to be chewed occasionally in catarrhal deaf- ness. Fosbroke. Infusion op Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper three drachms Boiling water half a pint Infuse, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Cayenne Pepper Gargle. R . Tincture of cayenne pepper half fl. ounce Rose water eight fl. ounces Mix. R. Powdered cayenne pepper two tablespoonfuls Common salt a teaspoonful Boiling vinegar water, each, half a pint Infuse for an hour, and strain. In bad cases of scarlatina. Chapman. R. Powdered cayenne pepper half an ounce Magnesia one drachm Boiling water vinegar, each, eight ounces Infuse, and strain. Used in same cases, and in same manner as above. Ileadley. Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper one ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant in low states of fever with gastric insensibility. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Also used in a diluted state as gargle. 10 Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and Cantharides. R. Cayenne pepper one drachm Cantharides ten drachms Alcohol one pint Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten drops. Coxe. Vinegar of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper one part Vinegar six parts Digest for some days, and filter. In doses of half a drachm to a drachm, in passive dropsies. Beral. Cayenne Pepper Cataplasm. R. Powdered cayenne pepper one ounce Ground mustard Common soap, each, three ounces Alcohol sufficient Mix. An active rubefacient. Lotion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Tincture of cayenne pepper camphor, each, four ounces Solution of ammonia two ounces Mix. A very powerful rubefacient. Amnion. CARBO ANIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. This article is prepared by charring animal substances, usually bones. It requires purifica- tion for internal use. Purified Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal one pound Muriatic acid Water, each, twelve fl. ounces Mix the acid and water, and pour on char- coal; digest for two days, occasionally stir- ring. Decant, and wash the charcoal several times with water and dry it. U. S. Ph. Weise advises it made thus, R. Lean of beef or mutton two parts Broken bones one part Char by a moderate fire in a coffee-roaster, let cool and pulverize. Has been given with advantage in scrofulous diseases, chronic glandular swellings, &c, in doses of ten to twenty grains. Powder of Animal Charcoal. R . Animal charcoal four grains Sugar one drachm Mix. To be taken morning and evening, in scrofula. Wcise. R. Animal charcoal six grains Burnt sponge twelve grains 146 CARBO LIGNI-CARBO MINERALIS. Powdered liquorice root half a drachm Mix, and form six powders, one to be taken morning and night, in schirrhous goitre. Riecke. R. Animal charcoal four grains Powdered liquorice root four scruples Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be taken morning and evening, dry; a little water drank afterwards. After the eight powders are taken, increase the dose, by half a grain at a time, to four grains. In scirrhous tumors, in mammae. A spare diet to be observed. Weise. R. Animal charcoal one scruple Subcarbonate of iron Sugar, each, two scruples Mix, and divide into ten powders. One three or four times a-day in incipient hy- pertrophy of the womb or ovaries. Claries. Ointment of Animal Charcoal. R . Animal charcoal one part Lard two parts Rub together. Giordano. R. Animal charcoal half an ounce Ointment of mallows six drachms Mix. As a friction to glandular engorge- ments. Radius. CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal Is employed in medicine as an antiseptic and absorbent, and has been found useful in dyspepsia, &c. It also enters into the composition of poul- tices, &c. Charcoal Dentifrice Powder. R . Powdered charcoal four parts Peruvian bark two parts myrrh one part Mix. Phoebus. R. Powdered charcoal three drachms Peruvian bark two drachms calamus one drachm myrrh half a drachm Oil of cloves three drops Mix. Sartori. R. Powdered charcoal red saunders orange peel Peruvian bark cremor tartar, each, one drachm Oil of bergamot twenty drops Mix. Schubarth. Powder of Charcoal and Quassia. R. Powdered charcoal six drachms quassia Magnesia, each, one drachm Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in pyrosis. Heim. Charcoal Lozenges. R. Powdered charcoal sugar, each, one ounce chocolate three ounces Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Beat together, and form lozenges of eigh- teen grains. For fetid breath. Chevallier. Charcoal Electuary. R. Powdered charcoal Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm Electuary of senna two ounces Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a-day in obstinate constipation. Radius. R. Powdered charcoal orris root Peruvian bark, each, one scruple Tincture of myrrh half a drachm Clarified honey sufficient Mix. Used as a dentifrice. Radius. Ointment of Charcoal. R. Powdered charcoal Storax ointment, each, one ounce Camphor Myrrh, each, two drachms Spirit of turpentine sufficient Rub well together. As a dressing to fetid ulcers. Rust. Charcoal Cataplasm. R . Freshly prepared charcoal sufficient Mix with Simple cataplasm in a tepid state. Dub. Ph. As an application to foul and gangrenous ulcers. R. Powdered charcoal half an ounce Cataplasm of chamomile five pounds Mix. As above. Brera. Charcoal Suppository. R. Cork charcoal Wax, each, one part Fresh butter two parts Mix. As a suppository in hemorrhoids. Cadet. CARBO MINERALIS. Mineral Coal. Anthracokali. R. Carbonate of potassa six ounces Lime three and a-half ounces CARBONIS IODIDUM— CARDAMOMUM. 147 Water four pints Proceed as in making liquor potassa, and concentrate the clear solution, by boiling in an iron pot, till an oily looking liquid remains, then stir in five ounces of finely powdered mineral coal; remove from the fire, and continue stirring till the whole is reduced to an uniform powder, which is to be immediately put in small, well-stopped bottles. Polya. Much recommended in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, &c. Dose, two grains, twice or thrice a-day. Powder of Anthracokali. R. Anthracokali two grains Powdered liquorice five grains Mix. Two to four times a-day. Polya. Compound Powder of Anthracokali. R. Anthracokali two grains Washed sulphur three to five grains Powdered liquorice two to three grains Mix. In psora, &c. Polya. R. Anthracokali two grains Calomel sixth of a grain Powdered liquorice three grains Mix. In syphilitic eruptions. Polya. R. Anthracokali Golden sulphuret of antimony half a grain Powdered liquorice three grains Mix. Polya. Sulphuretted Anthracokali. R. Prepared like the simple anthraco- kali, adding four drachms of sulphur to the coal, and dissolving, &c, as above. The dose and uses are the same. Polya. CARBONIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Carbon. R. Tincture of iodine two fl. ounces Solution of potassa sufficient Add the solution of potassa to the tincture, till the latter loses its color, then add Distilled water sufficient to precipitate the iodide, separate and dry by a gentle heat. Ointment of Iodide of Carbon. R. Iodide of carbon half a drachm Simple ointment six drachms Rub together. As an application to en- larged glands, and obstinate cutaneous af- fections. Litchfield. CARDAMINE. Cuckoo Flower. This is the Cardamine Pratensis, a small her- baceous plant, a native of Europe, and also found in the more northern parts of America. Sex. Syst. Tetrad, siliquos. Nat. Syst. Brassi- cacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 915. Baker, Med. Trans. 1.442. The part employed is the flowers, which are said to be diuretic and antispasmodic. It is not used in this country, and appears to be little deserving of notice. CARDAMOMUM. Cardamom. Under the name of Cardamom a variety of aromatic capsules have been used in medicine, all possessing the same properties and somewhat the same appearance. That recognized by the U. S. Pharm. is the product of the EUetaria Car- damomum, a native of Malabar. Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zingi- Maton. Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 254. Griffith, Med. Bot. 633. The part used is the seeds ; these are angular, somewhat rough, of a reddish or brownish colour, with an agreeable fragrant odour, and a warm, aromatic taste. They are seldom used alone, being chiefly employed in compound prepara- tions. Aromatic Powder. R. G-inger Cinnamon, each, two ounces Cardamom seeds Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce Mix, and rub together into fine powder. U. S. Ph. Stimulant and carminative. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in dyspepsia with flatulence. Aromatic Confection. R. Aromatic powder five ounces and a-half Powdered saffron half an ounce Syrup of orange peel six ounces Clarified honey two ounces Rub together, and beat into a mass. U. & Pharm. Used as a stimulant to the stomach, in doses of ten to sixty grains. Tincture of Cardamom. R. Cardamom, bruised, four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 148 Compound Tincture op Cardamom. R. Powdered cardamom caraway, each, two drachms and a-half cochineal one drachm cinnamon five drachms Raisins five ounces Proof spirit two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Lond. Ph. An agreeable aromatic and carminative, in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. Syrup of Cardamom. R. Cardamom water one part Sugar two parts Dissolve, and boil to proper consistence. Taddei. Ethereal Extract of Cardamom. R . Cardamom in powder at will Sulphuric ether sufficient Treat, till twice the weight of the seed is obtained. Evaporate spontaneously un- til deprived of ether. This extract is fluid, and consists of volatile and fixed oil. It may be used for aromatizing powders, or as an addition to pills. W. Procter. CAROTA— CARUM. CAROTA. Carrot. The seeds and root of the common carrot, Daucus carota, a native of Europe, but now ex- tensively naturalized in the United States, and generally cultivated as an esculent in both coun- tries. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceas. Linn. Sp. PI. 348. Griffith, Med. Bot. 337. The parts used are the seeds and root; the former are aromatic, and have a pungent, bitter- ish taste ; the root of the wild carrot has a strong smell, and an acrid, disagreeable taste; both these are similar in their remedial effects, being aromatic and diuretic. The root of the cultivated variety is milder, and is not used internally, but has much reputation as an external application to foul ulcers, &c. Infusion of Carrot Seeds. R. Carrot seed half an ounce — one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. To be taken during the day as a diuretic, in dropsy and nephritic complaints. Cataplasm of Carrot Root. R . Root of garden carrot at will Scrape down to a pulp. As an application to foul and cancerous ulcers. Wood. R. Root of garden carrot at will Boil till soft, and mash. Dub. Ph. This acts merely as an emollient, and is not possessed of any virtues beyond those of the common poultice. Extract of Carrot Root. R. Clarified juice of carrot root at will Evaporate on a water-bath to the consist- ence of honey. Swediaur. As an application to ulcerated cancers. Carrot Ointment. R . Carrot root, grated, one pound Lard twenty ounces Yellow wax two ounces Heat them together till the water of vege- tation is driven off, and the fat has acquired a yellow color; then strain for use. W. Procter. CARTHAMUS. Safflower. This is the florets of Carthamus tinctorius, a native of the Levant and Egypt, but cultivated in other parts of Europe and in the United States. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. Aster- acese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1162. Griffith, Med. Bot. 410. The seeds were formerly much used in medi- cine, but are at present seldom resorted to. The florets are somewhat stimulant, and, in warm infusion, diaphoretic, and are used as a substitute for saffron. Infusion of Safflower. R. Safflower two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. Used in domestic practice in the exanthemata, to bring out the eruption. CARUM. Caraway. Caraway seeds are the product of Carum carui, an umbelliferous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated both there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. The seeds, the only part used, are of a brown- ish color, with a fragrant but peculiar odor, and an aromatic, warm taste. They are a pleasant aromatic and carminative. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to a drachm. Caraway "Water. R. Caraway seeds, bruised, one pound and a-half Proof spirits seven fl. ounces Water two gallons Mix. Distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. Infusion of Caraway. R. Caraway seeds two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. Wood. In flatulent colic of infants. CARYOPHYLLUS. 149 Spirit or Caraway. R. Bruised caraway twenty-two ounces Proof spirit one gallon Water two pints Mix, and distil one gallon. Loud. Ph. As a carminative. In doses of one to two fl. drachms. Oil of Caraway. R. Caraway seeds at will "Water sufficient Macerate for some time, distil, and separate the oil. Van. Mons. Embrocation of Caraway. R. Oil of caraway peppermint, each, one scruple olives one ounce Wine of opium half a fl. drachm Mix. As an embrocation on the abdo- men of infants in colic Radius. CARYOPHYLLUS. Cloves. Cloves are the unexpanded flowers of Caryo- phyllus aromaticus, a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands, and also cultivated in many- other parts of the East Indies. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- tacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 735. Griffith, Med. Bot. 298. Cloves are somewhat nail shaped, of a brown color, with a strong fragrant smell, and a per- manent, pungent, aromatic taste. They are highly stimulating, and are given as a carmina- tive, and excitant of the gastric functions, in the dose of five to ten grains, but are more used as an adjunct to various officinal compounds. Infusion of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves two drachms Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours in a covered ves- sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Clove Water. R. Bruised cloves one part Water eight parts Digest for twelve hours, and distil twelve parts. As a stimulant and carminative. Cottereau. Spirit of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves one part Alcohol eight parts Macerate for some days, and distil eight parts. Guibourt. Tincture of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves one part Alcohol eight parts Treat with one-half the alcohol at a time, and filter. Beral. Wine of Cloves. Bruised cloves each, one drachm one pint As a fomentation. Red wine Boil, and strain. Oil of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves at will Water sufficient Macerate for some time, distil, return the product, and redistil several times, sepa- rate the oil, which sinks to the bottom. Van Mons. Dose, two to six drops. Aromatic Balsam of Cloves. R. Oil of cloves nutmeg, each, one scruple Spirit of juniper berries two ounces Mix. As a stimulating friction. Bories. Odontalgic Mixture. R. Oil of cloves twelve drops Tincture of pimpinella Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms Aromatic tincture one drachm Mix. To be applied to the carious tooth. Augustin. Clove Plaster. R. Yellow wax twenty-two parts Suet twenty-four parts Melt, and add Powdered olibanum sixteen parts cloves eight parts Oil of nutmegs six parts peppermint one part Mix. Van Mons. As an application to the stomach, or over a pained part. Clove Cataplasm. R . Rye flour six or eight spoonfuls Red wine sufficient to make a cataplasm, add Powdered cloves Rasped nutmeg, each, a teaspoonful Mix well. As an application to the stomach, to check nausea or pain. Radius. Clove Bag. R. Powdered cloves two drachms marjoram half an ounce rosemary one ounce Mix, and quilt between folds of linen, dip in Cologne water, and apply to the pit of the stomach, to check nausea. Phoebus. 150 CASCARILLA— CASSIA MARILANDICA. CASCAKILLA. Cascarilla. This is the bark of Croton eleutheria, a shrub found in several of the West India islands, and also, perhaps, derived from other species. Sex. Sijst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Eu- phorbiaccffi. Swartz. H. Ind. Oc. 11. 1183. Griffith, Med. Bot. 596. In roll ?d fragments, whitish externally, and of a chocolate color within, of an aromatic odor, and a spicy, bitter taste. It is an aromatic tonic, and is useful in debilitated conditions of the stomach and bowels. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to half a drachm. Compound Cascarilla Powder. R. Powdered cascarilla ten grains opium ipecacuanha, each, one grain Mix. To be taken every five hours in ob- stinate diarrhoea. Radius. R. Powdered cascarilla one drachm hartshorn cuttlefish bone, each, four drachms amber two drachms Mix. One drachm to be taken in a glass of sugar and water, at bedtime, against nocturnal pollutions. Pierquin. Infusion of Cascarilla. R. Bruised cascarilla one ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces. Alkaline Infusion of Cascarilla. R. Bruised cascarilla three ounces Carbonate of potassa two drachms Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces Macerate for two hours, and filter. Dose, a spoonful, two or three times a-day, as an antacid and tonic. Palat. Ph. Extract of Cascarilla. R. Bruised cascarilla one part Alcohol five parts Treat the cascarilla several times with the alcohol, distil, and evaporate the residue. Dose, from ten grains to a drachm. Guibourt. Mixture of Extract of Cascarilla. R. Extract of cascarilla one drachm White sugar six drachms Oil of chamomile twenty drops Tragacanth half a drachm Wine of opium twenty-five drops Cinnamon water two fl. ounces Peppermint water four fl. ounces Mix. A spoonful every hour in dysentery. August in. Tincture of Cascarilla. R. Powdered cascarilla five ounces Proof spirit two pints Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Loncl. Ph. Compound Wine of Cascarilla. R . Powdered cascarilla one ounce and a-half Contused orange peel one ounce cinnamon two drachms White wine twenty-seven fl. ounces Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As a stomachic and tonic, in doses of two ounces, four times a-day. Phoebus. CASSIA. Purging Cassia. Cassia is the fruit or pod of the Cassia fistula , a large tree, a native of Egypt and many parts of Asia, and cultivated in most tropical regions. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabacess. Linn. Sp. PI. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 253. The pods are about a foot in length, cylindri- cal, of a dark brown color, with two longitudinal furrows on one side, and one on the other. They are internally divided into numerous cells, each containing one seed enveloped in a soft pulp. This latter, which is the part used, has a faint nauseous smell, and a sweet, mucilagin- ous taste. It is laxative, in doses of one or two drachms, and purgative in those of one or two ounces. Pulp of Purging Cassia. R. Purging cassia, bruised, sufficient Pour boiling water on it to soften the pulp, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Pharm. Confection of Cassia. R . Cassia pulp half a pound Manna two ounces Tamarind pulp one ounce Syrup of roses eight fl. ounces Mix well, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. Lond. Ph. Slightly laxative. Mixture of Cassia Pulp. R . Pulp of cassia one ounce Infusion of rhubarb a drachm and a-half Syrup of roses Manna, each, one ounce Mix well. A mild laxative. Pierquin. CASSIA MARILANDICA. American Senna. This species is an indigenous perennial plant, CASTOREUM. 151 with showy, bright yellow flowers, growing in moist places and on the banks of streams. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceee. Linn. Sp. PL 541. Griffith, Med. Bot. 260. The leaves, which are the officinal portions, are usually exposed for sale in small packages, like the other herbs put up by the Shakers. They have a faint, unpleasant odor, and a nauseous taste like senna, of which they possess all the qualities, but are not quite as active. Infusion op American Senna. R. American senna one ounce and a-half Coriander seed ; bruised, one drachm Boiling water one pint Macerate in a covered vessel one hour, and strain. Martin. CASTOREUM. Castor. Castor is a peculiar substance obtained from membranous follicles in the Castor fiber, situated between the organs of generation and the anus. It is in the form of solid, unctuous masses, con- tained in small, wrinkled, brownish sacs. It has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, acrid taste. It is stimulant and antispasmodic, and has been much praised in the neuroses. In this country it is not much used. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Compound Powder of Castor. R. Castor twelve grains Powdered cascarilla one scruple Magnesia a scruple and a-half Mix, and divide into three powders. Saunders. R. Castor Powdered valerian Sugar, each, ten grains Mix, and divide into three doses. Phoebus. As antispasmodics. Bolus of Castoreum. R. Assafetida Valerian Castor Amber, each, half an ounce Camphor one scruple Syrup sufficient Mix, and form boluses of ten grains each. Said to be efficacious in hysteria, neuralgia, and vertigo. Foy. Castoreum Pills. R. Assafetida one drachm Calbanum Myrrh, each, half a drachm Castoreum fifteen grains Tincture of valerian sufficient Beat together, and divide into seventy-two pills. Dose, three to eight, three times a- day, in hysteria. Phozhus. Pills of Castor and Succinic Acid. R. Castor one drachm Succinic acid half a drachm Extract of gentian sufficient Beat together, and form twenty-four pills. Three, morning and night, in hysteria. Ellis. Tincture of Castor. R. Bruised castor two ounces Alcohol two pints Digest for seven days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose from thirty drops to two fl. drachms. Ethereal Tincture of Castor. R. Bruised castor two ounces saffron one ounce Spirit of sulphuric ether twelve ounces Digest for twenty four hours, and filter. As an antispasmodic. In dose of thirty drops. JSpielmann. Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. R. Bruised castor two ounces and a-half Contused assafetida two drachms Spirit of ammonia two pints Digest for seven days, in a closed vessel, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. A powerful stimulant, and antispasmodic, in cases of spasm of the stomach, hysteria, &c. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture op Castor. R. Assafetida two drachms Opium half a drachm Oil of amber one drachm Castor half an ounce Alcohol four ounces Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, thirty to forty drops in wine, in hysteria. Ferrara. Ph. Compound Plaster of Castor. R. Wax plaster sixteen ounces Soap four ounces Melt together, and add, on cooling, Camphor one ounce Castor half an ounce Incorporate well. Highly praised in headache, rheumatism, toothache, &c. Giordano. Compound Spirit of Castor. R . Castor half an ounce Assafetida two drachms Oil of amber one drachm savine rue, each, half a drachm Alcohol ten ounces Digest, distil, and add Empyreumat. carb. of ammonia two ounces 152 Camphor Distil again, drops. CATALPA-CATECHU. one drachm Dose, twenty to forty Cotter eau. CATALPA. Catalpa. The Catalpa cordifolia is a beautiful native tree, principally found in the southern and south-western States. Sex. Syst. Diand. raonog. Nat. Syst. Bignoni- acese. Elliot. Bot. i. 24. Lindley, Flor. Med. 499. The bark is said to be vermifuge, but the part used in medicine is principally the pods. These have been found efficacious in asthma. Decoction op Catalpa Pods. R . Catalpa pods half an ounce Water sufficient to obtain eight ounces of decoction ; add Oxymel of squills half an ounce R. Catalpa pods half an ounce Seneka two drachms Water sufficient to obtain eight ounces of decoction \ add Oxymel of squills one ounce In spoonful doses, in chronic, nervous asthma. Brera. R. Catalpa pods three or four Water twelve fl. ounces Boil down to six ounces, to be given in two doses, morning and night. Antomachi. CATARIA. Catnep. This is the leaves, or whole herb of Nepeta Ca- laria, a perennial herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in the United States. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- in iaceas. Linn Sp. PI. 797. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. It has a peculiar, somewhat unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. It is stimulant, carminative, &c, and is used in the flatulent colic of infants, and as an emmenagogue, &c. Infusion of Catnep. R. Catnep two drachms Boiling water. eight ounces Infuse in a covered vessel. Dose, a teaspoon- ful occasionally,- whilst hot, for an infant in flat- ulent colic ; to be taken freely, as a diaphoretic, or emmenagogue. The Acacia catechu is a native of the East In- dies, and is now cultivated in some of the West India islands. Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. Linn. Sp. Pi. 409. Griffith, Med. Bot. 268. Catechu comes in masses of various forms, of a rusty brown color externally, but paler within. It is inodorous, but has a bitter and astringent taste, followed by a sensation of sweetness. It principally consists of tannin and extractive. It is tonic and astringent, and is used in cases where astringents are required. The dose is from ten grains to half a drachm, repeated as required. Compound Powder of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu fifteen grains salts two grains Mix, and make powder ; to be taken after each liquid stool, in diarrhoea from a weak- ened condition of the bowels. A. T. Thomson. R. Powdered catechu cascarilla gum Arabic Aromatic powder equal parts Mix. Dose, a scruple every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Augmtin. Bolus of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu twenty -four grains Extract of opium two grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form two boluses, one to be taken morning and evening, in chronic diarrhoea. For/. Pills of Alum and Catechu. R. Alum six grains Extract of opium Catechu each one grain Mix, and divide into six pills, one to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhage and atonic mucous discharges. Ellis. Compound Catechu Bolus. R. Powdered catechu one scruple Confection of opium twelve grains Aromatic confection sufficient Make a bolus, to be taken twice a-day, in inordinate flow of the menses. Babinqton. CATECHU. Catechu. Catechu is an extract procured from the wood of Acacia catechu, and also from other trees. R. Powdered catechu alum twelve parts six parts opium two parts Syrup of red roses sufficient Form a mass, and divide into pills of six grains each. One or two a-day, in the decline of gonorrhea. Foy. Pills of Catechu and Liquorice. R Catechu half a drachm CATECHU. 153 Grum Arabic Extract of liquorice, each, two drachms Mastic one drachm Syrup of mallows sufficient Form mass, and divide into pills of three grains each. Four, three times a-day, in chronic catarrh. Van Mom. Lozenges op Catechu. R. Catechu one ounce Sugar half an ounce Cloves one scruple Essence of citron half a scruple Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into lozenges of ten grains, each. One, occasionally, to arrest fetor of breath. Brunswick Ph. Electuary or Catechu. R. Catechu Kino, each, four ounces Cinnamon . Nutmeg, each, one ounce r"'' Opium diffused in a little sherry one drachm and a-half Syrup of red roses, reduced to the con- sistence of honey, one pint and a-half Pulverize the solids, mix the opium and syrup, add the powders, and beat into a mass. Dub. Ph. In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in dose of half a drachm to a drachm. R. Catechu Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm Peravian bark one ounce Syrup of red roses sufficient Beat together. One drachm morning and evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Brera. Infusion of Catechu. R. Catechu one drachm Boiling water one pint Digest for six hours, and strain. Guibourt. Compound Infusion of Catechu. R . Powdered catechu half an ounce Bruised cinnamon one drachm Boiling water one pint Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, from one to three fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. Tincture of Catechu. R. Catechu three ounces Cinnamon, bruised, two ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A pleasant astringent. Dose, thirty drops to three fl. drachms. Catechu Collutory. R. Catechu Myrrh, each, eight parts Balsam of Peru one part Spirit of cochlearia Alcohol, each, twenty-four parts Mix, and digest for four days, and filter. As a mouth- wash, in a spongy condition of the gums. Saunders. Mixture of Catechu and Logwood. R. Extract of logwood three drachms Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms Water seven fl. ounces Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three or four hours, in chronic stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. Anti Emetic Mixture. R. Catechu one drachm Columbo thirty grains Winter's bark twenty grains Boiling water four ounces Mix, and digest for eight hours, strain, and add Syrup of red roses one ounce In spoonful doses. Pierquin. Injection of Catechu. R. Catechu Myrrh, each, one drachm Dissolve in Lime water four ounces and strain. As an injection, in chronic leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Aromatic Pastilles of Catechu. R. Extract of liquorice Water, each, three ounces and a-half Dissolve on a water-bath, and add Powdered catechu four hundred and sixty-two grains gum Arabic two hundred thirty-one grains Evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and incorporate, Mastic Cascarilla Charcoal Orris root, each, thirty grains Reduce to proper consistence, remove from fire, and add Oil of peppermint thirty drops Tincture of ambergris musk, each, ten drops Mix, and form into one-grain pills. Used to aromatize the breath. Redwood. 154 CEANOTHUS— CETACEUM. CEANOTHUS. New Jersey Tea. Several species of Ceanothus have medical properties, but the only one in use in this coun- try, is the C. jimericanus, a suffruticose plant, found in most parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Rham- Linn. Sp. PI. 284. Griffith, Med. Bot. 218. The leaves and root are bitter and astringent, but the root is the most active. They have been used in a variety of cases, to which astrin- gents are applicable. Decoction of New Jersey Tea. R. New Jersey tea root two drachms "Water one pint Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Said by Ferrein to be efficacious in gonorrhoea, and syphilis ; and by Dr. Hubbard, in dysentery, and also as a gargle in aphthous sore mouth, and in ulcerations of the fauces. CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. An annual plant, native of the south of Eu rope, and become naturalized in some parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Syngen. frust. Nat. Syst. Aster- Linn. Spl. PI. 1294. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Cra- cus,) 409. The whole herb is used ; it has a faint nau- seous odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used as a tonic, diaphoretic, or emetic. Dose of pow- der, as tonic, a scruple to a drachm. Infusion of Blessed Thistle. R. Blessed thistle three drachms Boiling water one quart Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As a diaphoretic. Fr. Cod. R . Blessed thistle half an ounce Cold water one pint Infuse, and strain. As a tonic, in the dose of two fl. ounces. Wood. Wine of Blessed Thistle. R. Blessed thistle one ounce and a-half Columbo three drachms Cinnamon two drachms Wine two pints Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, one to four spoonfuls in the morning, as a stomachic. Wirtemburg Ph. CENTAURIUM. Centaury. The herbs or flowering heads of Erythma centaurium, a small annual plant, indigenous to many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentian- aceas. Linn. (Chironia,) Sp. PI. 332. Griffith, Med. Bot. 459. This plant is very bitter, and is analogous in its properties to gentian. In this country, its use has been superseded by the American centaury or sabbatia. Dose of the powder, from thirty grains to a drachm. Portland Powder. R. Centaury Germander Grentian Round aristolochia Teucrium equal parts Powder, and mix. Once highly celebrated in the cure of gout. Extract of Centaury. R. Centaury one part Hot water eight parts Macerate in one-half the water, express, and strain; repeat the process with the remainder of the water, unite the liquids, and evaporate. Guibourt. Pills of Extract of Centaury. R . Extract of centaury one drachm Myrrh two drachms Balsam of Peru one scruple Mix, and form into pills of three grains. Four, three times a-day, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. Compound Wine of Centaury. R. Centaury Apocynum Madder, each, one ounce White wine Water, each, a pint and a-half Boil down to two-thirds, and add to the strained liquid Syrup of orange peel two ounces A cupful, morning and evening, in jaun- dice. Beral. Mixture of Extract of Centaury. R. Extract of centaury one drachm Bitter almonds two drachms Chamomile water two ounces Rub well together, and strain. As a feb- rifuge. Foy. CETACEUM. Spermaceti. A peculiar concrete substance, obtained from the head of Physeter macrocephalus, or spermaceti whale. It is white, semi-transparent, friable, soft, somewhat oily to the touch, insipid, but with a faint odor. It has been used as a demul- cent, and also enters into the composition of seve- ral ointments and cerates. Compound Powder or Spermaceti. R. Spermaceti two drachms Nitrate of potassa one drachm Orris root Sugar, each, one ounce Powder well, and mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in catarrh. Radius. Spermaceti Mixture. R. Spermaceti two drachms Sugar three drachms Paregoric elixir half fl. ounce "Water eight fl. ounces Rub spermaceti and sugar together with the yolk of an egg; add the water and paregoric gradually. A tablespoonful, several times a-day. In catarrh. Ellis. R. Spermaceti half an ounce Grum arabic two drachms Syrup half an ounce Water of bitter almonds one drachm Water two ounces and a-half Rub together, and strain. A dessertspoon- ful every two hours. In catarrh. Phoebus. R. Spermaceti two drachms Olive oil one drachm Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce Water four fl. ounces Triturate the spermaceti with the oil, until reduced to a paste, then add the gum, and lastly the water, gradually. W. Procter. R. Spermaceti two drachms Yolk of egg one Powdered gum Arabic two drachms Paregoric elixir six drachms Antimonial wine four drachms White sugar three drachms Water six ounces Mix. Rub the spermaceti with the yolk of egg, then add the other ingredients se- parately; when well incorporated, introduce the water gradually. A tablespoonful every two or three hours to an adult. Useful in catarrh, especially of measles. Dewees. Spermaceti Ointment. R. Spermaceti six drachms White wax two drachms Olive oil three fl. ounces Mix over a gentle fire, and stir till cold. Lond. Ph. Mild dressing for open surfaces. Ointment op Spermaceti and Rose Water. R. Rose water Oil of almonds each two fl. ounces Spermaceti half an ounce White wax one drachm CETACEUM. 155 Melt together, by a water-bath, the oil, spermaceti and wax; add rose water, and stir till cold. U. JS. Ph. A pleasant and cooling application to irritable surfaces, well known as cold cream. Cold Cream without Spermaceti. R. White wax one ounce Oil of almonds four fl. ounces Rose water two fl. ounces Borax half a drachm Oil of roses five minims Dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds, by a gentle heat, also dissolve the borax in the rose water, and add the solution to the heated mixture, stirring till cold, then add the oil of roses. E. Turnbull. Spermaceti Cerate. R. Spermaceti one ounce White wax three ounces Olive oil six fl. ounces Melt wax and spermaceti together, then add the oil previously heated, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. An excellent dressing for blisters, wounds, &c. Spermaceti Lip Salve. R. Spermaceti White wax, each, half an ounce Melt, and add Oil of almonds one ounce lavender twenty drops bergamot ten drops cloves two drops Rub well together. Niemann. R. Spermaceti one ounce and a-half White wax nine drachms Oil of almonds twelve ounces Alkanet root two ounces Otto of roses one drachm Digest the first four ingredients in the heat of a water-bath for four hours, strain, and add the otto of roses. Gray. Spermaceti Liniment. R. Spermaceti White wax, each, half a drachm Oil of almonds one ounce White lead Litharge, each, twenty grains Gum lac sufficient Mix. As a cosmetic, but the presence of the lead requires it to be used with caution. Pierquin. Sultana Ointment. R. Spermaceti eight parts Butter of cacao sixteen parts Oil of almonds thirty-two parts Balsam of Peru one part one part Niemann. 156 Melt together, and add Orange-flower water Stir constantly till cold. R. Spermaceti White wax, each, one drachm and a-half Oil of almonds three ounces Melt together, and add Rose water two ounces Tincture of benzoin thirty drops Mix well. Taddei. CETRARIA— CHELIDONIUM. CETRARIA. Iceland Moss. This is a lichen found in great abundance in the northern regions of both continents. Sex. Syst. Cryptog. lichen. Nat. Syst. Li- chenacese. When dried it is inodorous, but has a bitter, mucilaginous taste. It is demulcent, tonic, and nutritious, and is useful in pulmonary and other complaints, in which the local disease is attended with a debility of the digestive organs, or of the general system. Dose of the powder, thirty grains to a drachm. Decoction of Iceland Moss. R. Iceland moss half an ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint; express, and strain. U. g. Ph. To be taken during the twenty-four hours. R. Iceland moss one ounce and a-half Water one quart Macerate the moss in a weak solution of carbonate of potassa, before subjecting it to decoction. Boil, and strain. Van Mons. In this preparation the bitter principle is ex- tracted by the potassa, and the result is a mere mucilaginous demulcent. Iceland Moss Jelly. R. Iceland moss two parts Water twenty parts Boil down to six parts and strain, then add Sugar four parts Set by to cool. Augustin. Iceland Moss Mixture. R. Iceland moss two ounces Hartshorn shavings one ounce Water one quart Boil down to a pint, and strain, add Wine of opium fifteen drops In phthisis, to be taken during the day. Brera. R. Iceland moss two drachms Powdered salep ten grains cinnamon eight grains Water twelve fl. ounces Boil to six ounces, and add Syrup sufficient Said to be useful in phthisis, leucorrhoea, and hooping-cough, in doses of four ounces, three or four times a-day. Augustin. R. Decoction of Iceland moss seven fl. ounces and a-half Diluted sulphuric acid one fl. drachm Syrup four fl. drachms Laudanum fifty drops Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, in phthisis. A. T. Thomson. Iceland Moss Chocolate. R. Fine chocolate four pounds Sugar two pounds Powdered Iceland moss, one pound and a-half Tragacanth Cinnamon, each, four ounces Water sufficient Rub into a uniform paste. Cadet. Cetrarine. R. Iceland moss, in coarse powder, one pound Alcohol, .883 four pounds Boil for half an hour, permit to cool, till no vapors are given off, express, and add to fluid Muriatic acid three drachms and four times its bulk of distilled water; let rest for a night in a closed matrass; then decant, throw deposit on filter, and press; while still moist, wash with alcohol or ether; then treat with boiling alcohol, filter, and permit cetrarine to precipitate. Herlerger. Powder of Cetrarine. R. Cetrarine Gum Arabic, each, two grains White sugar half a scruple Useful in intermittent fevers, in doses of eight grains every two hours during the apyrexia. Midler. CHELIDONIUM. Celandine. The herb of Chelidonium majus, a perennial herbaceous plant, native of Europe, but gene- rally naturalized in this country. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Papave racese. Linn. Sp. PI. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 130. Exudes, when broken, an orange-colored, fetid juice. Its taste is extremely bitter and acrid, leaving a burning sensation. The root is CHENOPODIUM— CHIMAPHILA. 157 the most powerful. It has been used as a drastic hydragogue, and also in scrofula, &c. The dose of the dried root is half a drachm to a drachm ; of the fresh juice, thirty to forty drops. Extract of Celandine. R. Juice of celandine at will Boil so as to coagulate ; strain, evaporate, and at the close of evaporation add the coagulum. Van Mons. Dose, five to fifteen grains, as a hydragogue purgative. Pills of Celandine. R. Extract of celandine Grum ammoniac, each, one drachm and a-half Soap one drachm Mix, and form pills of four grains. Two or three a-day, in engorgements of the viscera, especially of the spleen. Schubarth. Extract of Celandine Mixture. R. Extract of celandine two drachms and a-half henbane one scruple Sulphate of potassa one ounce Tartar emetic one grain Elder water six ounces Oxymel of squills one ounce Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours, as a hydragogue. Augustin. CHENOPODIUM. WORMSEED. This is the fruit of Chenopodium anthelminti- cum, a native plant, found in most parts of the country. Sex.Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Chenopo- diacese. The fruit is in small grains, of a greenish yellow color, with a bitterish, aromatic, pungent taste, and a nauseous peculiar smell. Besides the seeds, the expressed juice of the whole plant is used, and the essential oil. They are all ef- ficient anthelmintics. The first are given in the form of an electuary ; the second in tablespoon- ful doses. Decoction of Wormseed. R. Fresh leaves one ounce New milk one pint Orange peel two drachms Boil, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful, twice a-day. Oil of Wormseed. R . Wormseed at will Water sufficient to cover the seed ; infuse for some hours, distil, and separate the oil. Dose, from four to eight drops for a child, night and morning, for three or four days, to he fol- lowed by a cathartic. Coxe. Wormseed Oil Mixture. R. Oil of wormseed one drachm Sugar Grum Arabic, each, one drachm and a-half Mix, and add Mint water two and a-half fl. ounces A teaspoonful, four times a-day for two days, to a child, to be followed by a purge. Ellis. CHIMAPHILA. PlPSISSEWA. The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata, an ever- green plant, found in the northern portions of both continents. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Pyrolacese. Linn. (Pyrola) Sp. PI. 56 8. Griffith, Med. Bot. 421. Pipsissewa has a peculiar and rather pleasant odor, especially when fresh, and an astringent, bitter, and somewhat sweetish taste. It is tonic, diuretic, and astringent, and has been much used in nephritic complaints, dropsy, &c. Decoction of Pipsissewa. R. Pipsissewa one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. To be taken during the day, in dropsy and chronic affections of urinary organs. Compound Decoction of Pipsissewa. R. Decoction of pipsissewa one pint Solution of carbonate of potassa two drachms Mix. Four tablespoonfuls, three times a- day, in same cases as above. Foy. R . Pipsissewa half an ounce to one ounce Water twelve fl. ounces Boil to six ounces, and add Grin two ounces Let stand for two hours, and strain. Two spoonfuls, four times a-day, in dropsy. Radius. R. Pipsissewa six drachms Water twelve ounces Boil to six ounces, and add at close Senna two drachms Strain. A tablcspoonful every two hours as a diuretic. Radius. Extract of Pipsissewa. R. Pipsissewa one pound Water one gallon Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to two pints, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 158 CHIRETTA— CHLORINUM. Pipsissewa Pills. R. Extract of pipsissewa Resin of guaiacuru, each, one drachm and a-half Precipitated sulph. of antimony twelve grains Beat together, and make pills of two grains. Dose, five, twice a-day, in arthritic affec- tions. Pipsissewa Syrup. R. Powdered pipsissewa four ounces Water eight fl. ounces Macerate for thirty-six hours, percolate so as to obtain a pint of fluid, evaporate one- half, and add Sugar sixteen ounces One to two tablespoonfuls at a time. W. Procter. Pipsissewa Beer. R. Pipsissewa half a pound Water one gallon Boil, strain, and add Brown sugar one pound Powdered ginger half an ounce Yeast sufficient To produce fermentation. When this has taken place, keep in well-stopped bottles. Dose, a half-tumblerfull, three or four times a-day. In strumous affections, espe- cially of the joints. Dr. I. Parrish. CHIRETTA. Chiretta. This is the herb and root of Agathotes chirayta, a native of the northern mountainous parts of India. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gentia- naceas. Don. Phil. Mag., 1836. Griffith, Med. Bot. 462. The whole plant is bitter, but the root most so; it is inodorous. It appears to have the same pro- perties as gentian, and is applicable to the same cases. Dose, of powder, is twenty grains. Infusion of Chiretta. R. Chiretta four drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces as a simple tonic bitter. Tincture of Chiretta. R. Chiretta five ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. Dunglison. CHLORINUM. Chlorine. This is an elementary, gaseous fluid, of a greenish yellow color, and a peculiar, penetrat- ing smell. It has been used as an inhalation in a diluted state, in diseases of the lungs, and also as a fumigation in diseases of the liver, &c, and also as a disinfectant. Chlorine. R . Peroxide of manganese one part Common salt three parts Sulphuric acid Water, each, two parts Mix the acid and water, and pour on the other substances in powder. Paris Cod. Chlorine Water. R. Dried muriate of soda one hundred parts Oxide of manganese thirty parts Sulphuric acid eighty-seven parts Water one hundred and twenty parts Add the acid gradually to the water; when cold, pour on the other substances in pow- der, and put into a retort; then with a gradually increased heat, let the gas that escapes be transmitted through two hun- dred parts of distilled water ; the process is concluded, when effervescence in the retort has subsided. Dub. Ph. To be kept in well-stopped bottles, and in the dark. Chlorine water is stimulant, and an- tiseptic, and has been used in a variety of dis- eases. (See Dunglison, New Rem. 170 et seq.) The dose is from one to four fl. drachms, pro- perly diluted. Chlorine Collutory. R. Chlorine water half an ounce Syrup of mallows one ounce Mix. In aphthous sore mouth. Radius. R . Chlorine water half an ounce Infusion of sage six ounces Honey of roses one ounce Mix. In same cases. Radius. Chlorine Gargle. R. Tragacanth twelve grains Distilled water four fl. ounces Chlorine water Syrup, each, half an ounce Mix. As a gargle in ulceration, and chronic inflammation of the mouth, and fauces. Foy. Chlorine Injection. R. Chlorine water half a drachm Distilled water one ounce and a-half Extract of opium fifteen grains Mix. As an injection in ulcers of the uterus. Phozbus. CHLOROFORMUM— CHONDRUS. 159 R Chlorine Clyster. Chlorine water two drachms Starch four drachms Extract of opium half a grain Water six ounces Mix. As an enema in the diarrhcea of consumptive patients. Cadet. Chlorine Mixture. R. Chlorine water two to four drachms Decoction of mal- lows two ounces and a-half Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in soft- ening the stomach in children. Radius. R. Chlorine water two ounces Syrup six ounces Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in ty- phoid fevers. Swediaur. R. Chlorine water two drachms Strawberry water one ounce and a-half Quince mucilage Syrup of mallows, each, six drachms Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, to children in scarlatina. Radius. Chlorine Oil. R. Olive oil at will Pass a current of chlorine through it, at the end of two or three days, wash it with cold water. As an application to tinea, and lepra. Deimann. Chlorine Ointment. R. Chlorine water one part Lard eight parts Triturate well together. Employed in itch. Augustin. Chlorine Liniment. R. Chlorine water one fl. drachm Olive oil one fl. ounce Mix well. In itch, tinea, and herpes. Deimann. R. White wax two drachms Melt by a gentle heat, and add Almond oil sufficient to make a liniment ; on cooling, add Chlorine water one drachm and a-half As an application to foul ulcers. Lndwig. attained much celebrity. The usual dose, when inhaled, is a fl. drachm, to be increased in a few- minutes, if no effect is produced. The best plan of inhaling is to twist a handkerchief into the form of a bird's nest, wet this with the chloroform, and apply it to the mouth and nose. The dose, internally, is from five to twenty minims. R. Powdered chloride of lime four pounds Water twelve pounds Alcohol twelve fl. ounces Mix, in a capacious still or retort, and dis- til as long as a dense liquid, which sinks in the water that comes over with it, is produced. Separate this, agitate it with sulphuric acid, and distil it from carbonate of barytae. Dumas. Emulsion of Chloroform. R. Chloroform six drachms Syrup half an ounce Yolk of egg one Distilled water four fl. ounces and a-half Mix, by rubbing the yolk of the egg with the syrup, then adding the chloric ether and water so as to form an emulsion. Moxon. Liniment of Chloroform. R. Soap liniment two fl. ounces Chloroform one fl. drachm Mix. As an application in neuralgic pains, over the affected part. Tuson. CHLOROFORMUM. Chloroform. This has received various names, as Chloride of Carbon, Chhride of Formyl, Chloric Ether, Ter- chloride of Formyl, &c. It is a transparent, heavy fluid, of a peculiar, fragrant, ethereal, apple-like odor, and a slightly acid, intensely sweet taste. In large doses it is a narcotic poison ; in medicine a stimulant, sedative, antispasmodic anodyne, a nd anaesthetic ; for which latter purpose it has CHONDRUS. Irish Moss. Carrageen. The fronds of Chondrus crispus, a se: growing on rocks and stones in the seas of Northern Europe, especially on the southern and western coasts of Ireland. Hex. Syst. Cryptog. fuci. Nat. Syst. Cerami- acese. Greville, Alg. Brit. 129. Dunglison, New Rem. 175. It is of a yellowish, or purplish color, trans- lucent, nearly tasteless, and scentless. It is nutri- tive and demulcent, and affords a useful article of diet to convalescents. It has also been recom- mended in scrofula, and bowel and pectoral af- fections. Before using it should be soaked in cold water to remove any salt or other impuri- ties. Decoction of Carrageen. R. Carrageen, sliced, half an ounce Water three pints Boil for a quarter of an hour, express, and strain. Beral. half a drachm nine fl. ounces R. Carrageen, sliced, New milk, 160 CICHORIUM— CINCHONA. Boil to five fl. ounces, strain, and add Sugar half a drachm to a drachm Bitter almond water one scruple To be taken during the day. Grd/e. R. Carrageen four scruples New milk twenty-four fl. ounces Boil for ten minutes, express, and add Orange-flower water one ounce and a-half Carrageen Jelly. R . Carrageen two drachms New milk one pint Boil to consistence of jelly, strain, and add Sugar one ounce Bitter almonds two Radius. R. Mucilage of carrageen five ounces Sugar four ounces Evaporate to eight ounces, by a gentle heat; strain, and add Essence of citron fifty drops Beral. Carrageen Mixture. R. Carrageen half a drachm Water sufficient obtai and add Phosphate of soda one drachm and a-half Syrup of opium three drachms A spoonful, every two hours, in hemop- tysis. Clams. CICHORIUM. Succory. The Cichorium intybus is a perennial herbace- i >us plant, indigenous to Europe, but naturalized in many places in this country. Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. The whole plant is bitter, the root the most so. It is tonic, aperient, and deobstruent. The dried and torrefied root is used in Europe to mix with, or as a substitute for coffee. Extract op Succory. R. Juice of succory at will Evaporate to proper consistence. Guiboxirt. Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. Infusion of Succory. R . Dried succory half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse and strain, and add Syrup of maidenhair one drachm Cottereau. Compound Syrup of Succory. R. Juice of succory dandelion fumitory, each, six ounces Sugar one pound Boil to proper consistence, and strain. As a diuretic. St. Marie. CIMICIFUGA. Black Snakeroot. This is the root of Cimicifuga racemosa, a na- tive, found in many parts of the United States, in shady places. Sex. Syst. Polyand. di pent. Nat. Syst. Ranun- culacese. Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1. 36. Griffith, Med. Bot. 92. The root is thick, contorted, dark brown, with numerous radicles. The odor is peculiar and un- pleasant, and the taste bitter and somewhat astringent. It is acro-narcotic, and is used in rheumatism, dropsy, pectoral affections, chorea, &c. The dose of the powder, a drachm, several times a-day. Decoction of Black Snakeroot. R. Black snakeroot (contused) one ounce Water one pint Boil for a short time, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Wood. Tincture of Black Snakeroot. R . Bruised black snakeroot four ounces Alcohol one pint Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, twenty drops, three or four times a-day. Carson. Used in rheumatic cases. CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. Cinchona is the bark of several species of Cinchona, all natives of South America. There are numerous varieties of this article used in medicine, but the state of our knowledge on the subject does not permit a reference of them to a particular species of the tree, except in a few cases. (See U. S. Dispens. 212, and Griffith, Med. Bot. 368.) Peruvian bark owes its properties to the presence of one or more alkaloids, called quinia, cinchonia, &c. It is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic, and is used in a variety of diseases, and is given in a multitude of forms. The dose in powder as a febrifuge is a drachm, frequently repeated as a tonic from ten to thirty grains. Its use is now much superseded by that of quinia. Compound Powder of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark Cremor tartar, each, one ounce Powdered cloves one drachm Mix. A drachm and a-half every two hours, in the apyrexia of fevers. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce Snakeroot one drachm Bicarbonate of soda two scruples Mix, and divide into four powders, one to be given every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian bark uva ursi, each, one or two drachms opium three grains Mix, and divide into six powders, one to be taken three or four times a-day, fol- lowed by a draught of two ounces of lime water. Antilithic. Ferriar. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Tartar emetic two grains Opium one grain Mix, and divide into four powders; one to be taken every two hours. Brera. R. Powdered Peruvian bark Sulphate of magnesia, each, six drachms Mix, and divide into four powders. One every two hours, where purging is required, and at same time a tonic impression to be made. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian bark thirty grains Aromatic powder ten grains Make a powder, to be taken in a cup of milk every three hours. In convalescence from fevers. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Arnica. R. Powdered Peruvian bark arnica camphor equal parts Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Cadet. Powder op Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms cascarilla twelve grains Mix. In apyrexia of intermittents Foy. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Camphor. R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce camphor one scruple gum Arabic two drachms Mix. As an application to atonic ulcers. Gen. Ph. Peruvian Bark Dentifrice Powders. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce and a-half redsaunders half an ounce Oil of bergamot 11 CINCHONA. 161 Oil of cloves, each, twelve drops Mix. Hufeland. R. Powdered Peruvian bark three ounces cremor tartar sage leaves myrrh, each, half an ounce catechu six drachms Oil of cloves sixteen drops Mix. Hesse Ph. R. Powdered Peruvian bark charcoal, each, one drachm and a-half cinnamon half a drachm Mix. Soubeiran. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce orris root sage leaves myrrh, each, half an ounce Mix. Fidda. Disp. R . Powdered Peruvian bark two ounces muriate of ammonia half an ounce orris root one ounce catechu myrrh, each, six drachms Oil of cloves twelve drops Mix. Pideret. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Valerian. R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms valerian one drachm Mix. Divide into four powders. In ner- vous disorders. Ratier. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Isinglass. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce isinglass one drachm and a-half Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. Dose, at first, from three to six a-day, in passive menorrhagia, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, &c. Brera. Peruvian Bark Mixture. R. Powdered Peruvian bark half an ounce Confection of opium one drachm Lemon juice two drachms Port wine four fl. ounces Mix. A wincglassful every two hours, in the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms Wine of opium sixty drops Nitrate of potassa five grains Infusion of gentian six ounces Mix. An ounce every two hours. Pierquin. 162 CINCHONA. R. Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms Compound tincture of bark onefl. ounce Decoction of bark three fl. ounces Syrup half fl. ounce Mis. A tablespoonful every one or two hours in the apyrexia. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce and a-half Magnesia six drachms Saffron one scruple Conserve of opium two drachms White wine Water, each, twelve ounces Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day, in apyrexia. Giordano. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Alcohol eight ounces Sulphuric ether two drachms Mix. A spoonful every hour, or two hours. Augustin. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce ginger twenty grains Red wine eight fl. ounces Sugar one ounce Mix. To be taken during the apyrexia. Radius. Extract of Peruvian Bark. R. Peruvian bark, in coarse powder, one pound Alcohol four pints Water sufficient Macerate the bark in the alcohol for four days, and obtain tincture by displacement. When the liquid measures four pints, set aside, and obtain six pints of infusion. Distil off alcohol from tincture, and eva- porate infusion to the consistence of thin honey ; mix, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Vinous Extract of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one part White wine eight parts Digest for three days, express, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Hesse Ph. Compound Bolus of Extract of Pe- ruvian Bark. R. Extract of Peruvian bark twenty grains Nitrate of potassa thirty grains Conserve of orange peel sufficient Mix, and form five boluses. Pierquin. Compound Pills of Extract of Peru- vian Bark. R. Extract of Peruvian bark Extract of gentian, each, one drachm Sulphate of iron half a drachm Powdered myrrh one drachm Oil of caraway ten drops Syrup of ginger sufficient Beat together into mass, and form forty pills. Three to be taken, three times a-day. Ellis. R. Extract of Peruvian bark one drachm opium one grain Camphor twelve grains Powdered Peruvian bark sufficient Beat into a mass, and form twelve pills. One to be taken, three or four times a-day. Ellis. R. Extract of Peruvian bark rhubarb gentian blessed thistle equal parts Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. Dose, one or two, three times a-day. St. Marie. R. Extract of Peruvian bark gentian, each, one drachm Sulphate of iron half a drachm Powdered myrrh one drachm Oil of caraway ten drops Syrup of ginger sufficient Beat well together, and divide into forty pills. Three to be taken three times a-day. In the apyrexia of intermittents. Thomson. R. Extract of Peruvian bark two drachms Powdered alum one drachm Syrup sufficient Mix, and divide into thirty-six pills. Four to be taken every four or six hours. In passive hemorrhages. A. T. Thomson. Decoction of Peruvian Bark. R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce Water one pint Boil for ten minutes, and strain while hot. Dose, two fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce Water one pint Boil for ten minutes, and while hot, add Snakeroot half an ounce Orange peel two drachms Infuse for half an hour, near the fire, in a covered vessel. Dose, a wineglassful every hour. Ellis. R. Decoction of Peruvian bark six fl. ounces Compound tincture of bark one fl. ounce Aromatic sulphuric acid ten drops Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. Ellis. Decoction or Peruvian Bark Mix- ture. R. Decoction of Peruvian bark sis ounces Tincture of Peruvian bark one ounce Sulphuric acid one drachm Syrup of orange peel half an ounce Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. Foy. R. Decoction of Peruvian bark eight ounces Infusion of arnica flowers six ounces Camphor two scruples Syrup of balsam of tolu one ounce Emulsion of gum four ounces Mix. To be taken in divided doses, dur- ing the day. Brugnatelli. Decoction op Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. R. Peruvian bark Cascarilla Water Boil to eight ounces, and add, when cold, Sulphuric ether Mix. one ounce two drachms twelve ounces express, and strain, two drachms Copenhagen Ph. Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Rhatany. R. Peruvian bark Rhatany, each, half an ounce Water sufficient to obtain nine ounces of decoction ; strain, and add Vinous extract of Peruvian bark four scruples Compound tincture of Peruvian bark one fl. drachm Citron water one ounce Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Brera. Compound Decoction op Peruvian Bark. R. Peruvian bark one ounce Virginia snakeroot half an ounce Orange peel two drachms Powdered cloves one drachm Carbonate of potassa one drachm Mix. Put the mixture into a proper ves- sel, with three half pints of water, boil down gently, to one pint; let settle, de- cant. Dose, a wineglassful every hour, for eight hours, in the apyrexia. Dewees. Infusion op Peruvian Bark. R. Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. JJ, S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, as occasion may require. CINCHONA. 163 • Infusion of Peruvian Bark with Lime Water. R . Bruised Peruvian bark two ounces Lime water two pints Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful to be given three or four times a-day. Ellis. Infusion op Peruvian Bark and Valerian. R. Bruised Peruvian bark one ounce and a-half valerian half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Fulda Disjp. Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Serpentaria. R. Bruised Peruvian bark ten drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for four hours, then boil for half an hour, then add Snakeroot two drachms Infuse for two days, and strain. Saunders. Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Magnesia. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Magnesia one drachm Boiling water twelve ounces Infuse for twelve hours, express, and strain. Said to be more astringent than other in- fusions. Van lions. Compound Infusion of Peruvian Bark. R. Peruvian bark Juniper berries, each, one drachm Orange peel Cinnamon, each, two drachms Winter's bark half a drachm Ipecacuanha fifteen grains Boiling water seven ounces Infuse, and strain, then add Extract of juniper berries one drachm and a-half In spoonful doses, in atonic dropsies. Bories. R. Root of scorzonera one ounce Contused lemon seeds two drachms Water six pints Boil to four pints; pour boiling liquid on Bruised Peruvian bark two ounces Contrayerva one ounce Infuse for a quarter of an hour, strain, and add Honey of elder three ounces As a stimulating diuretic. Span. Ph. 164 CINCHONA. Compound Infusion of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Aromatic sulphuric acid one fl. drachm Water one pint Macerate for twelve hours ; and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces. Compound Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Iron. R. Peruvian bark, in coarse powder, one ounce Sliced Colombo root three drachms Bruised cloves two drachms Iron filings half an ounce Digest for three days in a close vessel, add Peppermint water sufficient to yield a mixture of twelve ounces, on filtering, then add Compound tincture of cardamom three ounces Tincture of orange peel three drachms Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dub. Ph. Electuary of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Syrup of orange peel sufficient Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Radius. Astringent Electuary of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark orange peel, each, six drachms crabs' eyes two drachms Conserve of red roses rose hips, each, six drachms Syrup of catechu sufficient Mix. Dose, one drachm, two or three times a-day, in chronic diarrhoea. Saunders. Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Catechu. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce catechu Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm Syrup of comfrey sufficient Divide into ten doses, one to be taken twice or three times a-day, in some appropriate vehicle. Much praised in hemoptysis. Pierquin. Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Tin. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce tin valerian, each, half an ounce Syrup sufficient Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- ing, in epilepsy. Cadet. Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Cloves. R. Peruvian bark two ounces Cloves one drachm Simple syrup sufficient to form electuary. A piece, the size of a nutmeg, every two hours in the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Deicees. Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Iron. R . Powdered Peruvian bark six drachms Pure oxide of iron Confection of opium, each, two drachms Syrup of cinnamon sufficient Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- ing, in ascites, after the evacuation of the fluid. Cadet Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Sulphur. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one drachm sulphur crabs' eyes spermaceti, each, two drachms Extract of opium four grains Powdered mushrooms one drachm and a-half Conserve of roses four drachms Syrup of milfoil sufficient Mix. Dose, two scruples, three times a-day. Highly praised in phthisis. Cadet. Tincture of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark six ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Generally employed as an adjuvant to other preparations of bark, in the dose of one to four fluid drachms. Compound Tincture of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark two ounces Bruised orange peel one ounce and a-half snakeroot three drachms Saffron, cut, Red saunders, rasped, each, one drachm Diluted alcohol twenty fl. ounces Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. An excellent stomachic and useful adjunct to other preparations of bark. Tincture of Peruvian Bark and Valerian. R. Tincture of Peruvian bark valerian, each, one fl. ounce cardamom two fl. drachms Mint water four fl. ounces CINCHONA. 165 Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, as a tonic in nervous temperaments. Ellis. Tincture of Peruvian Bark and Snakeroot. R. Powdered bark three ounces snakeroot two ounces contrayerva one ounce Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. Dose, fifty to sixty drops. Van Mons. Tincture op Peruvian Bark and Ammonia. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Ammoniated alcohol eight fl. ounces Macerate for eight days in a covered ves- sel, express, and filter. Swediaur. Tincture of Peruvian Bark and Gentian. R. Bruised Peruvian bark eight parts gentian orange peel, each, three parts Diluted alcohol ninety-six parts Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Foy. Tincture op Bark and Canthariees. R. Tincture of bavk three ounces Paregoric elixir half an ounce Tincture of Spanish flies one drachm Mix. Used, it is stated, with great success, in hooping-cough. To be given in small doses, until a slight strangury is caused. Sutcliffe. Cataplasm op Peruvian Bark. R. Cataplasm of linseed meal one pound Powdered Peruvian bark four ounces Mix. Foy. R. Powdered Peruvian bark charcoal, each, one ounce camphor one drachm and a-half Spirits of turpentine sufficient Mix. Phoebus. These cataplasms are employed as applica- tions to gangrenous ulcers, &c. Cerate op Peruvian Bark. R. Simple cerate eight ounces Camphor one drachm and a-half Hub together, and gradually incorporate Decoction of Peruvian bark one ounce An application to ill-conditioned ulcers. Van Mons. Peruvian Bark Pomatum. R. Extract of Peruvian bark half a drachm Oil of roses two drops bcrgamot eight drops three drachms tweh Beef marrow half an ounce Incorporate well. As an application to promote the growth of the hair. Phoebus. Peruvian Bark Gelatine. R. Bruised Peruvian bark "Water, each, four ounces Boil, express, strain, and add Gelatine three drachms White sugar one ounce and a-half To be taken in spoonfuls, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Pierquin. Clyster op Peruvian Bark. R. Decoction of Peruvian bark four ounces Yolk of egg one Powdered Peruvian bark Tincture of opium Mix. R. Extract of Peruvian bark half a drachm Warm water four fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Olive oil half a fl. ounce Tincture of opium ten drops Mix. To be administered every four hours, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. Gargle op Peruvian Bark. R. Tincture of Peruvian bark Syrup of mulberries, each, four fl. drachms Spirit of horseradish one drachm Infusion of sage six fl. ounces Mix. In obstinate sore throat, when act- ive inflammation has subsided. Cadet. Lotion op Peruvian Bark. R . Extract of Peruvian bark Sulphuric ether, each, one drachm Alcohol seven drachms Mix. As a friction, three times a-day, in weakness of the back. Augustin. Peruvian Bark Beer. R. Bruised Peruvian bark one and a-half ounces Cinnamon two drachms Rasped nutmeg seven drachms Yeast two ounces Sugar twenty-five ounces Water one hundred fl. ounces Mix, and expose to a warm temperature after fermentation, decant, and strain. Three or four glasses to be taken during the apyrexia of intermittents. Ferrara Ph. Compound Syrup of Peruvian Bark. R Powdered Peruvian bark two drachms 166 CINCHONIA. Powdered seneka half a drachm liquorice one drachm Contused poppy heads three ipecacuanha one scruple Ground ivy Hyssop Pennyroyal; each, a handful Sugar one pound Water sufficient Boil, and make a syrup. Three spoonfuls a day, in hooping-cough. Bories. Wine of Peruvian Bark. R . Powdered Peruvian bark one part White wine twelve parts Digest for twenty-four hours, often stirring, and filter. Cotiereau. R. Red wine twenty parts Tincture of Peruvian bark one part Mix. Niemann. Wine op Peruvian Bark and Iron. R. Bruised Peruvian bark, one ounce and a-half Oxide of iron half an ounce Powdered cinnamon two drachms Sugar one ounce White wine two pints Mis, and digest for two days, and filter. Dose, an ounce, two or three times a-day, as a tonic. Wine of Peruvian Bark and Calamus. R. Bruised Peruvian bark Calamus, each, one ounce and a-half Quassia Cinnamon Elder flowers, each, six drachms Alcohol three pints Water eighteen pints Macerate, express, strain, and add Tincture of iron twelve ounces Orange-flower water, one pint and a-half Syrup six ounces Mix. Dose, two drachms, morning and evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Cadet. Peruvian Bark Mixture. R. Peruvian bark six drachms Confection of opium three drachms Cremor tartar two drachms Water six ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in the apyrexia. Dewces. Syrup of Peruvian Bark. R. Extract of bark fourteen drachms White wine two pounds White sugar three pounds Dissolve the extract in the wine, filter, form a syrup with the sugar, with the aid of a very moderate heat. Monchon. CINCHONIA. ClNCHONIA. An alkaloid existing in Peruvian bark ; most abundant in the pale kinds. It is white, trans- lucent, and crystallizable, but little soluble in water ; very bitter, and has much the same pro- perties as quinia. ClNCHONIA. R. Pale bark one thousand parts Muriatic acid sixty-four parts Water twelve thousand parts Quicklime one hundred parts Exhaust the bark by three successive boilings with a third part of the acid and water, each time, unite the decoctions, add the lime, diffused in water, wash, and dry the precipitate ; treat it with alcohol, filter whilst hot, distil in a water-bath, evaporate to dryness, digest in cold alcohol, dissolve the residue in boiling alcohol, with the addition of some animal charcoal, filter whilst hot, and crystallize. Par. Cod. Pills of Cinchonia. R. Cinchonia one scruple Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Dose, two to eight. Cadet. Muriate of Cinchonia. R. Cinchonia at will Muriatic acid sufficient to saturate, filter, evaporate, and crystal- lize. Giordano. Kinate of Cinchonia. R. Alcoholic solution of sulphate of cinchonia at will Aqueous solution of kinate of lime sufficient to produce full precipitate ; filter, evapo- rate, redissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. Sulphate of Cinchonia. R. Cinchonia at will Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient to dissolve the cinchonia, evaporate, and crystallize Guihourt. Pills of Sulphate of Cinchonia. R . Sulphate of cinchonia half a drachm Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, one to eight. Cadet. Boluses of Cinchonia. R . Sulphate of cinchonia three grains Crumb of bread Honey Liquorice, each, sufficient CINNAMOMUM. Mix, and form boluses. One every two hours. Brera. Syrup of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cin- chonia forty-eight grains Syrup one pint Mix. A spoonful is a dose. Cadet. R. Sulphate of cin- chonia twenty-four grains Orange-flower water two drachms Syrup twelve fl. ounces Mix. As above. Giordano. Wine of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cin- chonia twenty-four grains Maderia wine two pints Make solution, and filter. Dose, one to four ounces. Cottereau. Tincture op Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia twelve grains Alcohol one ounce Dissolve. Foy. Mixture op Sulphate op Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia three grains Peppermint water three ounces Syrup of capillaire one ounce Mix. To be taken in four doses, during the day. Cadet. CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon. This is the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, and C. aromaticum, and also, perhaps, of other species; all natives of various parts of the tropi- cal regions of Asia. That most commonly used in this country, is what is termed cassia, in com- merce, and is imported from China. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lau- racese. Nees. Laurinese. 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 555. It is in tubular pieces, of a light brownish red color, of an aromatic, warm, agreeable taste, and of a fragrant, peculiar smell. It is a warm cor- dial stimulant. Dose, in powder, ten grains to a scruple. Compound Powder op Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon ginger, each, Cardamom seeds Rasped nutmeg, each, Rub together. Stimulant, and carminative thirty grains, in debility of the stomach, with flatulence. R. Powdered cinnamon one ounce cloves ginger nutmeg, each, three drachms two ounces one ounce U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to 167 Powdered mace two drachms red saunders half an ounce sugar thirty-two ounces Mix well. Dose, from ten grains to a Ph. Mix. twenty grains twelve grains six grains six drachms half an ounce drachm R. Powdered cinnamon cloves vanilla Rice flour Sugar Dose, six grains to a scruple. Speilmann. Cinnamon Lozenges. R. Powdered sugar Cinnamon water, each, six ounces Boil to syrup, and add Powdered sugar one pound Oil of cinnamon one drachm and a-half Mix, make lozenges, and dry. Taddei. Compound Electuary op Cinnamon. R. Confection of orange peel, three ounces nutmeg one ounce and a-half six drachms half an ounce sufficient Mix. Swediaur. ginger Powdered cinnamon Syrup of orange peel Inpusion op Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse. In dyspepsia and nervous colics. Radius. Compound Vinegar op Cinnamon. R. Cinnamon Cloves Nutmeg, each, Peppermint Lavender Rosemary, each, Vinegar Diluted alcohol one drachm half an ounce one ounce eight fl. ounces twenty fl. ounces Mix, and distil twenty-eight ounces. Used as an aromatic. Van Mons. Compound Wine op Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon Cloves Mace Cardamom, each, half a drachm White wine two pints Boil, filter, and add Sugar ten ounces As a cordial stomachic and stimulant. August in. Tincture op Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon three ounces Diluted alcohol two pints 168 COCCULUS. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon one ounce cardamom seeds half an ounce ginger three drachms Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A warm, aromatic tincture, useful in flatu- lence, gastrodynia, &c. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. R. Bruised cinnamon one ounce cloves nutmeg Cut saffron, each, half an ounce Bruised calamus one drachm mace two drachms Fresh lemon peel no. two orange peel no. one Diluted alcohol one pint and a-half Digest, express, and filter. Dose fifty to eighty drops, as a stomachic. Wirtemberg Ph. Tincture of Cinnamon Gargle. R . Tincture of cinnamon one part Syrup of currants two parts Peppermint water sixteen parts Mix. In malignant sore throat. Foy. Ethereal Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon three drachms cardamom half an ounce angelica one drachm and a-half long pepper one drachm Sulphuric ether five fl. ounces Diluted alcohol ten fl. ounces Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Stomachic and carminative. Dose, thirty to fifty drops. Niemann. Water of Cinnamon. R. Oil of cinnamon half fl. drachm Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm Distilled water two pints Bub the oil with the magnesia, and both with the water, and filter. U. S. Ph. Mostly employed as a vehicle or adjuvant to other medicines. Compound Cinnamon Water. R. Sage two parts one part Peppermint Lavender, each, Fennel Cinnamon, each, Water one hundred and twenty parts Mix, and distil seventy-two parts. In spoonful doses. Saxon Ph. Oil of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon at will Water sufficient Distil, and separate the oil. Par. Cod. Cinnamon Spice Plaster. R. Olibanum three ounces Yellow wax half an ounce Powdered cinnamon six drachms Oil of pimento lemons, each, two drachms Melt the wax and olibanum, and add the cinnamon, rubbed with the oils. Coxe. COCCULUS. Cocculus Indicus. This is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus, a woody vine, native of the East Indias. Sex. Syst. Dicec. dodecand. Nat. Syst. Menis- permacffi. Wight and Arnott, 1. 449. Griffith, Med. Bot. 105. They are about the size of a pea, roundish, with a thin, dry, blackish, external coat, inclos- ing another of a lighter color, containing an oily, bitter, white kernel. They are inodorous, but of a permanent, bitter taste. They are aero narcotic, and owe their properties to the presence of a peculiar principle, called picrotoxin. They are seldom used in medicine. Ointment of Cocculus Indicus. R. Cocculus indicus at will Separate the kernels, beat them in a mor- tar, first alone, then with a little lard, finally, add lard equal to five times the weight of kernels. Ed. Ph. Used for the destruction of vermin, and in the treatment of ringworms and scabies of the scalp. Ointment of Picrotoxin. R. Picrotoxin six grains Lard one ounce Mix well. In tinea. Radius. COCCUS, Cochineal. Cochineal is a small, hemipterous insect, in- habiting Mexico and some parts of South America , living principally on different species of cactus, and especially the Opuntia cochinilkfera. It is in grains of reddish-black, often covered with a white powder. It has a feeble odor, and a bit- terish, somewhat acidulous taste. The powder is of a reddish-purple color, tinging fluids of a deep red. It is said to be somewhat anodyne C CHLE ARIA— C OFFEA. and antispasmodic, but is principally used as a coloring agent. Tincture of Cochineal. R. Powdered cochineal one part Diluted alcohol eight parts Macerate eight days, express, and filter. Advised in convulsive coughs. Beral. Mixture of Cochineal and Carb. Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one scruple Powdered cochineal half a scruple Sugar one drachm Distilled water four fl. ounces Make mixture. Dose, for children, a tea- spoonful, every two or three hours. A highly popular remedy in hooping-cough. Ellis. Mixture of Cochineal and Common Salt. R. Common salt three drachms Powdered cochineal fifteen grains Divide into six doses. One to be taken every morning, the last followed by a purge. As a vermifuge. Rush. COCHLEABJA. Scurvy Grass. Scurvy grass is the Cochlearia officinalis, an herbaceous plant, native of the northern parts of Europe, and cultivated there and in the United States as a garden herb. Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. silic. Nat. Syst. Brassi- The whole herb is used ; it has a penetrating and acrid smell when bruised, and a pungent, bitter taste. It is antiscorbutic, aperient, and diuretic. Electuary oe Scurvy Grass. R. Conserve of scurvy grass one ounce and a-half Calamus one drachm Syrup of orange peel Aromatic sulphuric acid, each, sufficient Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, as an antiscorbutic. Augustin. Gargle of Scurvy Grass. R. Spirit of scurvy grass one drachm Syrup of Peruvian bark half an ounce Infusion of water cress eight ounces Mix. As a gargle in scurvy. Foy. CODEIA. CODEIA. An alkaloid obtained from opium, and bearing the same relation to morphia that cinchonia does 169 to quinia. It is precipitated by tannin, and is soluble in ether, but is not thrown down from a dilute solution of its salts by ammonia. It acts somewhat like morphia, but produces great itch- ing of the skin. CODEIA. R. Opium at will Macerate in a sufficient quantity of water, decant, treat with chloride of calcium, filter, evaporate, and crystallize; decompose by ammonia, filter, concentrate fluid, crystal- lize, dissolve the crystals in water, add a slight excess of caustic potassa, dissolve the precipitate in alcohol and ether, and crystallize. Dose, one to two grains, in neuralgia, &c. Cottereau. R . Mother water of morphia (by Gregory's process) at will Evaporate and crystallize; re-dissolve the crystals, and re-crystallize. Treat with so- lution of potassa, which dissolves the mor- phia and precipitates the codeia; wash the latter with a little water, dissolve in hot ether, and suffer the solution to evaporate spontaneously. Syrup of Codeia. R. Codeia twenty-four grains Distilled water four fl. ounces Sugar eight ounces Reduce codeia to fine powder, triturate with one-third of water, allow to settle and de- cant; treat residue with the remainder of water, at two operations. Treat in a ma- trass on water-bath till quite dissolved, add sugar, and dissolve. Cap. Dose, one drachm, night and morning ; gradu- ally increased in neuralgic irritation of the stom- ach, hooping-cough, &c. Muriate of Morphia and Codeia. R. Opium at will Treat with water, add a strong solution of chloride of calcium, filter with animal char- coal, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Dose, half a grain to a grain. COFFEA. COFFEE. Coffee is the product principally of Coffea jira- bica, a small tree, native of the eastern coast of Africa, but now cultivated in most tropical re- gions. The varieties are very numerous, and in some cases probably are derived from other spe- cies. Sex. Syst. Pontand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cin- chonacete. Linn. Sp. PI. 245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 361. Raw coffee has febrifuge properties, and has been used with success in tho treatment of inter- 170 COLCHICUM. mittents. In a roasted state it acts on the ner- vous system, producing wakefulness, and also somewhat excites the circulatory system. It is said to be useful in periodic asthma, and is an efficient anti-emetic. Decoction of Raw Coffee. R. Raw coffee one ounce Water eighteen ounces Roil to two-thirds, strain, and add Lemon juice two ounces To be taken warm, during the apyrexia. Foy. Vinegar of Coffee. R. Roasted coffee, ground, three ounces Vinegar twelve ounces Roil, strain, and add Sugar one ounce and a-half Two spoonfuls occasionally, in poisoning by opium, after the evacuation of the poison. Pierquin. Syrup of Coffee. R. Coffee, roasted, four ounces Water two pints Refined sugar three pounds Infuse the coffee in a pint and a-half of the water for six hours, boil in a water-bath, let settle, decant, and add remainder of the water. Let stand for some hours; decant, add sugar, form syrup, and strain. Dose, from one ounce to two. Ferrari. COLCHICUM. COLCHICUM. The Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, is a bulbous plant, a native of most parts of Eu- rope, flowering in the autumn, and putting forth its leaves, and perfecting its seed the succeeding spring. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Melan- thacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 485. Griffith, Med. Bot. 644. The parts used are the bulb and the seeds. The first is of a brown color externally, white within, rounded on one side, flattened on the other, of scarcely any smell, but an acrid, bitter taste ; the seeds are small, rounded, of a brown- ish yellow color, and of the same taste as the bulb. They owe their properties to the pre- sence of colchicia. Colchicum is principally used in the various forms of gout and rheumatism. It is an active irritant, and in large doses, acro-narcotic. The dose of the powdered bulb is two to eight grains, every four or six hours, that of the seeds much the same. Extract of Colchicum Rulb. R. Fresh colchicum bulb one pound Rruise in stone mortar, express juice, eva- porate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. Acetic Extract of Colchicum Rulb. R. Fresh colchicum bulb one pound Acetic acid three fl. ounces Rruise, gradually adding acid, express, and evaporate in porcelain vessel to pro- per consistence. Lond. Ph. Dose, one to two grains, two or three times a-day. Colchicum Pills. R. Powdered colchicum three grains Soap sufficient Make three pills, to be taken during the day, gradually increasing to five or six. Ritton. Compound CoLcnicuM Pills. R. Acetic extract of col- chicum three grains Dover's powder Compound extract of colocynth, each, one grain Mix, and make a pill. In gout, after having taken, for some days, thirty to forty drops of colchicum wine, morning and evening. Halford. R. Extract of colchicum root two grains foxglove one grain col., comp., twenty grains Mix, and form five pills. One at night, in gout. Lartigues. Wine of Colchicum Root. R. Colchicum root, bruised, one pound Sherry wine two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Wine of Colchicum Seeds. R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces Sherry wine two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. The dose of the first, which is saturated, is from ten drops to a fl. drachm ; for the second, one to two fl. drachms. R. Colchicum three ounces Sherry wine, deprived of its spirit by evaporation two ounces Macerate for six days, and filter. Taddei. This is said to be the formula of the Eau medicinale of Husson. Tincture of Colchicum Seeds. R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, from half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. Sometimes used as an embrocation in gout, rheumatism, and neuralgia. COLCHICUM. 171 Compound Tincture of Colchicum Seeds. R. Colchicum seeds, bruised, five ounces Aromatic spirit of ammonia two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Lond. Ph. More stimulating than the last. Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm. Tincture of Colchicum Flowers. R. Dried colchicum flowers one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- ter. Advised in acute rheumatism. Bushell. Yinegar of Colchicum Root. R. Dried colchicum root two ounces Distilled vinegar two pints Alcohol one fl. ounce Macerate the root in the vinegar for seven days, express, and let dregs subside, pour off and add alcohol. U. S. Ph. As a diuretic in dropsy, also given in gout, rheumatism, &c. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. Oxymel of Colchicum. R . Fresh colchicum root, sliced, one ounce Distilled vinegar one pint Clarified honey two pounds Macerate the colchicum in the vinegar for two days, express, and strain; add honey, and boil to consistence of syrup. Dub. Ph. Dose, one fl. drachm twice a-day. Vinegar of Colchicum Seeds. R. Colchicum seeds one part Distilled vinegar four parts Macerate a month* and filter. Beral. Syrup of Colchicum. R. Vinegar of colchicum root sixteen parts Sugar twenty-six parts Boil, by a gentle fire. Swediaur. Mixture of Colchicum and Magnesia. R. Magnesia one drachm Sugar Gum Arabic, each, sufficient Distilled water four fl. ounces Wine of colchicum forty drops Mix. A tablcspoonful every two hours, till it operates. In gout and rheumatism. Ellis. Mixture of CoLcincnuM and Sulphate of Magnesia. R. Sulphate of magnesia one to two ounces Mint water ten fl. ounces Vinegar of colchicum Syrup of saffron, each, Magnesia eight scruples Mix. Dose, one to three tablespoonfuls, every two hours, till four to six evacuations are procured in the twenty-four hours. In gout. Scudamore. Compound Wine of Colchicum. R. Tincture of colchicum seeds one scruple to half afl. drachm Wine of colchicum seeds half afl. ounce Mix. Fifteen to forty drops, three times a-day. Weber. Tincture of Colchicum Mixture. R. Tincture of colchicum seeds guaiacum, each, three fl. drachms Mix. Thirty to forty drops, three times a-day, in chronic rheumatism. Radius. Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. R. Tincture of colchicum seed digitalis, each, two fl. drachms Nitric ether one scruple Mix. Twenty drops, morning and even- ing, on sugar, in hydrothorax. Hildebrand. Colchicum Mixture. R. Wine of colchicum seed thirty drops Denarcotized lauda- num twenty-five drops Sugar thirty grains Water one ounce Mix. Found useful in acute rheumatism. To be taken at night. Dewees. Colchicum Mixture. R. Wine of colchicum seeds forty drops Acetic tincture of opium twenty drops Sugar thirty grains Water one ounce Mix. In gout, after inflammation is al- layed. To be taken at bedtime. Dewees. R. Expressed juice of colchicum flowers two parts Brandy one part Mix, and let rest for a few days; decant, and keep for use in well-stopped bottles. Wilson. Said to be identical in every respect to the Eau medicinale of Husson. Mixture of Colchicum and Elaterium. R. Elaterium one grain Spirit of nitric ether two fl. ounces Tincture of squills Oxymel of colchicum, each, half a fl. ounce Syrup one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in hydrothorax. Ferriar. 172 COLLINSONIA— COLOCYNTHIS. Vinegar af Colchicum Mixture. R. Vinegar of colchicum Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce Carbonate of magnesia one drachm and a-half Peppermint water four ounces Mix. In tablespoonful doses, as a sudo- rific in gout, &c. Foy. Mixture or Colchicum and Squills. R. Oxymel of colchicum squills Tincture of tobacco, each, half fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful four times a-day. As a diuretic in dropsy. Requires caution. Ferriar. Mixture op Wine oe Colchicum. R. Wine of colchicum . half fl. drachm Carbonate of magnesia one drachm Cinnamon water Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. As a diuretic. Ellis. Mixture op Colchicum and Ammonia. R. Oxymel of squills Solution acetate of am- monia, each, two fl. ounces Parsley water six fl. ounces Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, as a diuretic. Auyustin. Liniment op Colchicum and Camphor. R. Tincture of colchicum root camphor, each, three fl. ounces Mix. As an embrocation, in gout, rheu- matism, and neuralgia. Leycoclc. COLLINSONIA. Horse Balm. The Collinsonia Canadensis is a native plant, found in most parts of this country, in woods ; it is from two to three feet in height. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 39. Griffith, Med. Bot. 513. The whole plant has a strong, peculiar, un- pleasant odor, and a warm, pungent taste : these are most developed in the root ; this is knotty and hard. It is diuretic, diaphoretic, and tonic ; and is popularly used in diseases of the bladder, leucorrhaea, and dropsy, and externally as a fo- mentation to wounds, ulcers, &c. Decoction of Horse Balm. R. Horse balm root, bruised, two ounces Water two pints Boil for half an hour, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful, every two hours, in dropsy. Tincture of Horse Balm. R. Bruised horse balm root two ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. Oil of Horse Balm. R. Horse balm at will Water suflicient Distil, return product, and redistil, collect product. Dose, five to ten drops. COLOCYNTHIS. COLOCYNTH. Colocynth is the dried pulp of the fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, a cucurbitaceous vine found in many parts of Asia and Africa. The fruit is a round pepo, of the size and color of an orange, with a thin, but hard rind, and containing nu- merous seeds, enveloped in a white, spongy pulp. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Sysl. Cucurbitaceae. Royle, Mat. Med. 396. Griffith, Med. Bot. 306. It occurs in the shops in white, round, light balls, composed of a spongy, dried pulp, enclos- ing numerous seeds. This spongy substance has a faint odor, but an intensely bitter and nau- seous taste. It is a powerful drastic and hy- dragogue purgative, and is seldom given alone. Powder op Colocynth. R. Colocynth one to three grains Gum Arabic Liquorice Sugar, each, five grains Mix. As a hydragogue purgative. Augustin. Extract op Colocynth. R. Sliced colocynth one pound Distilled water • two gallons Mix, and boil over a slow fire for six hours, occasionally adding more water. Strain while hot, and evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. Dose, from five grains to half a drachm. R. Colocynth pulp at will Diluted alcohol nine grains Macerate the pulp in a sufficiency of men- struum to cover it for twenty-four hours, displace till exhausted, and evaporate to the proper consistence. This extract is more active than the aqueous preparation. W. Procter. Compound Extract op Colocynth. R. Colocynth sliced six ounces Powdered aloes twelve ounces scammony four ounces cardamom one ounce Castile soap three ounces Diluted alcohol one gallon Macerate the colocynth in the alcohol, with eight parts four parts a mild heat for four days, express, and filter, then add the aloes, scammony, and soap, evaporate to proper consistence, and add the cardamom. U. $. Ph. A valuable and safe cathartic. In small doses, laxative. Dose, five to thirty grains. Compound Pills op Coloctnth. R. Compound extract of colocynth, powdered, half an ounce Extract of jalap, in powder, Calomel, each, three drachms G-amboge, in powder, two scruples Mix, and with water form mass, to be di- vided into one hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. A most excellent cathartic, when it is wished to act on the biliary organs. Dose, one to three or four pills. R. Powdered aloes Scammony, each, Colocynth Sulphate of potassa Oil of cloves, each, one part Rectified spirit sufficient Pulverize the aloes, scammony, and sul- phate of potassa, together; mix the colo- cynth with them, add oil of cloves, and with the rectified spirit beat into a mass, to be divided into five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. Dose, five to fifteen grains. R. Compound extract of colocynth one scruple Alcoholic extract of jalap six grains Compound powder of scammony Calomel, each, ten grains Tartar emetic one grain Castile soap five grains Oil of cinnamon four drops Beat well together, and form fifteen pills. Dose, one to three, at bedtime. Meigs. R. Extract of colocynth two drachms Resin of jalap one drachm Soap one drachm and a-half Guaiacum three drachms Tartar emetic eight grains Oil of juniper Rosemary, each, four drops Syrup of buckthorn sufficient Mix well, and divide into four-grain pills. Dose, one to three. Barclay. Pills of Colocynth and Henbane. R. Extract of colocynth two parts henbane one part Beat together, with a few drops of rectified spirit, and divide into five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. Dose, five to twenty grains. COLOMBA. 173 — ♦ — Colocynth Clyster. R. Extract of colocynth one scruple Common sait three drachms Syrup of dogtooth grass one ounce and a-half Infusion of chamomile five ounces In cerebral affections. Phoebus. Colocynth Mixture. R . Colocynth one drachm Boiling water six ounces Boil for ten minutes, strain, add, when cold, Hoffmann's anodyne one drachm Syrup of orange peel one ounce Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in ascites, or hydrothorax. Augustin. Tincture op Colocynth. R. Colocynth eight parts Star anise one part Alcohol ninety-six parts Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, fifteen to twenty drops. Van Moris. Tincture of Colocynth Mixture. R. Tincture of colocynth two drachms Solution of antimoniated soap six drachms Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops a-day, in lepra and obstinate cutaneous affections. Heim* COLOMBA. COLUMBO. Columbo is the root of Coccuhis palmatus, a climbing plant, a native of Mozambique. Sex. Sijst. Diosc. hexand. Nat. Syst. Menisper- maceee. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2970-71. Griffith, Med. Bot. 103. As found in the shops, the root is in round slices, externally of a brown, wrinkled appear- ance, internally yellow. It is somewhat aromatic, and has a very bitter taste. It is an excellent bitter tonic, with no astringency. It is useful in diseases where the pure bitters are required, and generally agrees with the stomach. Dose, in powder, is from ten to thirty grains. Powder of Columbo and Iron. R. Powdered columbo Subcarbonate of iron Powdered rhubarb ginger, each, one drachm Mix, and make eleven powders; one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Columbo and Magnesia. R. Powdered columbo ten grains Magnesia two scruples Mix. For a dose. In cardialgia. Brugnatelli. 174 COMPTONIA. Powder of Columbo and Ginger. R. Powdered columbo subcarbonate of iron rhubarb ginger, each, one drachm Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One to be taken three times a-day, in syrup. Ellis. Powder of Columbo and Tartrate of Iron. R. Tartrate of iron and potassa two scruples Powdered columbo half a drachm Mix, and divide into four powders. One every three or four hours, in syrup. Ellis. Compound Pills of Columbo. R. Powdered columbo four scruples Opium four grains Oil of peppermint ten drops Syrup of pinks sufficient Beat into mass, and form thirty pills. Two, three times a-day, in spasmodic vomiting. St. Marie. R. Powdered columbo one drachm rhubarb two scruples Extract of chamomile two drachms Oil of caraway five drops Syrup of saffron sufficient Form mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Four to be taken a-day, in mania with amenorrhcea. August/in. Infusion of Columbo. R. Bruised columbo half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. Infusion of Columbo and Ginger. R. Bruised columbo one ounce ginger two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. A wineglass, cold, every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Ellis. Infusion of Columbo, Khubarb, &c. R. Bruised caraway columbo rhubarb, each, one scruple Boiling water eight fl. ounces Digest for two hours, and strain. R. To strained liquid three half fl. ounces Add Tincture of rhubarb one fl. drachm Syrup of ginger two fl. drachms Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoon- ful, in diarrhoea. Ellis. Mixture of Columbo. R. Columbo half a drachm Boil in Water three to five fl. ounces Strain, and add Carbonate of potassa ten grains Lemon juice three fl. drachms Tincture of opium twelve drops Mix. A tea to a table spoonful, every hour, as an anti-emetic. Ellis. Compound Decoction of Columbo. R. Columbo Quassia, each, two drachms Orange peel one drachm Rhubarb one scruple Subcarbonate of potassa half a drachm Water twenty fl. ounces Boil down to a pint, strain, and add Tincture of lavender half fl. ounce Coxe. Extract of Columbo. R. Bruised columbo two parts Alcohol three parts Water nine parts Macerate for twenty-four hours, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. Cotfereaa. Tincture of Columbo. R. Columbo bruised four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Mixture of Columbo and Cascarilla. R. Powdered columbo half an ounce Water ten fl. ounces Boil to six ounces, add, towards close, Cascarilla two drachms Strain, and add Tincture of orange peel two drachms Syrup of cinnamon one ounce A spoonful every hour, in chronic diarrhoea. Berends. Mixture of Columbo and Salep. R. Extract of columbo one drachm Decoction of salep three ounces Fennel sugar two scruples Mix. Two spoonfuls a-day, in the diarrhoea of children. Wendt. COMPTONIA. Sweet Fern. A shrubby, indigenous plant, found in the northern and rhiddle States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. triand. Nat. Syst. Myricaceas. Aiton, Hort. Rev. iii. 334. Griffith. Med. Bot. 584. It is aromatic, especially when bruised. It is Jt is aromatic, especially when bruised. a mild astringent, and is used in bowel plaints, in the form of decoction. com- CONIUM. Hemlock. This is an umbelliferous, poisonous plant, the Conium maculatum, a native of Europe, but natu- ralized in many parts of this country, growing in waste places. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 349. Griffith, Med. Bot. 339. Both the seeds and the leaves are used. The latter have a strong, unpleasant, narcotic odor, and a somewhat bitterish taste; the seeds possess these qualities in a less degree. They are both narcotic, but neither stimulant nor sedative, and are given in a variety of complaints, to alleviate, especially in malignant tumors, in which they are thought to exert a curative influence. The dose, in powder, is from three to four grains of the leaves ; and of the seeds, rather less ; twice a-day, gradually increasing. Powder of Hemlock. R. Powdered hemlock five grains liquorice six grains Make a powder, to be taken three times a-day. In scirrhous affections, scrofula, old ulcers, &c. Fecula or Hemlock. R. Hemlock juice at will Place on the fire, remove the coagulum, wash it well, dry, and pulverize. Dose, five to twenty grains. Van lions. Extract of Hemlock. R. Fresh hemlock leaves one pound Bruise in a stone mortar, sprinkling on them a little water; express the juice, heat to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, one grain, morning and evening, gradu- ally increased till it affects the system. Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. R. Hemlock leaves, in coarse powder, one pound Diluted alcohol four pints Moisten powder with half a pint of the alcohol, and allow to macerate for twenty- four hours, place in percolating apparatus and add remainder of alcohol ; when this has disappeared, add water so as to keep powder covered. Stop process when the liquid passing, causes precipitate in that previously obtained. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day, gadually increasing. conium. 175 Pills of Hemlock and Ipecacuanha. R. Extract of hemlock Dover's powder, each, . ten grains Mix, and form five pills. Two at bed- time, in pulmonary irritation, with rheu- matic and other local pains. Ellis. R. Extract of hemlock five drachms Ipecacuanha one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make four grains. Pills of Hemlock and Calomel. R. Extract of hemlock two scruples Calomel fifteen grains Mix, and form fifteen pills. One, three times a-day, in syphiloid affections. Ellis. Pills of Hemlock and Dandelion. R. Extract of hemlock dandelion Gum Arabic Soap, each, one drachm ^ Honey sufficient Mix, and form three-grain pills. In glandular and other tumors. Brera. Infusion of Hemlock. R. Hemlock leaves half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse and strain. As a wash to cancer- ous and malignant ulcers. Ellis. Hemlock Collutory. R. Hemlock leaves two drachms Poppy seeds one drachm Henbane seeds half a drachm Milk half a pint Boil slightly, and strain. In rheumatic toothache. Phoebus. Tincture of Hemlock. R. Hemlock leaves four ounces Diluted alchohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm. Ethereal Tincture of Hemlock. R. Hemlook leaves one part Sulphuric ether four parts Macerate for two days, and filter. Soubeiran. Ointment of Hemlock. R. Fresh hemlock leaves Prepared lard, each, two pounds Boil till the leaves becomes crisp, then express through linen. Pub. Ph. R. Juice of hemlock leaves one part Lard four parts Boil till moisture is expelled, and express 176 CONTRAYERVA. through a cloth. As a dressing to pain- ful ulcers. Swediaur. Oil or Hemlock. R. Fecula of hemlock one part Olive oil four parts Mis, and strain. As a friction to the abdomen in ileus, and to the anus in hemorrhoids. Van Mons. Hemlock Plaster. R. Elemi two parts White wax one part Melt together, and add Alcoholic extract of hem- lock nine parts As an application to painful ulcers and malignant tumors. Guibourt. R. Juice of hemlock twelve parts Powdered hemlock six parts Evaporate to a pasty consistence, and add to, a melted mixture of Yellow wax ten parts Turpentine four parts Olive oil six parts Used as above. Pideret. Compound Hemlock Plaster. R. Yellow wax eight parts Resin sixteen parts Fecula of hemlock forty-eight parts Melt together, and add a melted mixture of Gum ammoniac four parts Turpentine one part Stir well till cold. Used as above. Van Mons. * R. Hemlock plaster one ounce Burgundy pitch Diachylon, each, half an ounce Mix, and spread, then sprinkle with from six to twelve grains of tartar, according to the age of the patient. Said to be very useful in hoop- ing-cough. R. Soap plaster one ounce Extract of hemlock half an ounce Powdered belladonna two drachms Mix. Hamburg Cod. Cataplasm of Hemlock. R. Powdered hemlock Linseed meal, each, one ounce Fecula of hemlock Boiling water, each, sufficient Mix. As an application to cancerous and other painful ulcers. Guibourt. R. Hemlock leaves Henbane leaves Lard Rose oil Decoction of mallows a handful half a handful half an ounce one ounce sufficient Mix, and boil to the consistence of cata- plasm. Pierquin. R. Powdered hemlock two ounces Carrot juice one pound Tincture of opium and saffron three drachms Linseed meal sufficient Make a cataplasm. In cancerous ulcers. Piderot. Mixture of Hemlock and Paregoric. R. Extract of hemlock one drachm Paregoric elixir Syrup of tolu, each, half fl. ounce Rose water four fl. ounces Mix. From half to a teaspoonful once in four hours, to a child a year old, watch- ing the effect, in pertussis. Pearson. Suppository of Hemlock. R. Extract of hemlock White wax, each, one part Butter of cocoa four parts Mix, in painful hemorrhoids and spasms of the rectum. Beral. CONTRAYERVA. CONTRAYERVA. Contrayerva is the root of Dorstenia contra- yerva, and other species, all natives of South America, Mexico, and the West Indies. They are perennial, dwarf, herbaceous plants, usually growing in high, rocky places. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Mon- acese. Linn. Mat. Med. No. 124. Griffith, Med. Bot. 577. The root is oblong, hard, rough, and solid, of a reddish-brown color, with numerous, long, yellowish fibres. It has an aromatic odor, and a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. It is a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic, and has been found useful in low states of the system. The dose of the powder is about half a drachm. Compound Powder of Contrayerva. R. Powdered contrayerva six drachms Virginia snakeroot two drachms Prepared chalk one ounce Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three times a day, as a tonic. Spielmann. Extract of Contrayerva. R. Contrayerva, bruised, one part Boiling water six parts Infuse for three days, boil, strain, express, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one to two scruples. Palat. Cod. Decoction of Contrayerva. R. Contrayerva, bruised, one drachm CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS— COPAIBA. Water Boil for ten minutes, and strain. one pint Taddei. R Gargle op Contrayerva. Contrayerva half an ounce Figs one ounce Water eighteen fl. ounces Mix, and boil down to two-thirds. Saunders. Tincture of Contrayerva. R. Contrayerva one part Diluted alcohol eight parts Digest in one-half the alcohol for four days, strain and digest with the other half of the alcohol ; strain, and filter the united liquids. Dose, thirty to forty drops. Guibourt. Compound Tincture op Contrayerva. R. Contrayerva Virginia snakeroot, each, one ounce and a-half Juniper berries one ounce Spirit of ammonia six fl. ounces Alcohol one pint Macerate for four days, express, and filter. Dose, forty to eighty drops, as a stimulat- ing diaphoretic. Lip. Dhpen. Contrayerva Mixture. R. Powdered contrayerva eight grains Cinnamon water one fl. ounce and a-half Nutmeg water two fl. drachms Syrup of cinnamon three drachms Mix. A spoonful as a stomachic. Swediaur. R. Gum tragacanth Comp. contrayerva powder, each, one scruple Distilled water one fl. ounce Cinnamon water three fl. drachms Syrup of saffron one fl. drachm Mix. As a quieting draught for a woman after delivery. Merriman. CONVOLVULUS PANDURA- TUS. Wild Potato. This is a native plant, with a large perennial root, found in sandy soils in most parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Convol- vulacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 219. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Ipormca) 476. The root, as found in the shops, is in circular pieces, of a yellowish-brown color, scarcely any smell, and a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste. It is feebly cathartic, but i3 said to be a good diuretic 12 177 in calculous complaints. Dose, as purgative, forty grains. As a diuretic, it is given in decoction. COPAIBA. Copaiba. This is the juice of Copaifera officinalis and other species, all large trees, natives of South America and principally of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- cese. Linn. Sp. PL 557. Griffith, Med. Bot. 264. This juice or balsam is clear and transparent, of a pale yellowish color ; a peculiar and some- what unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, pungent, nauseous taste. It is rather more consistent than olive oil when fresh, but, by age, becomes thicker, and may even assume the solidity of a resin. It is stimulant, diuretic, and cathartic, and is prin- cipally used in morbid discharges from mucous surfaces, especially those of the genito-urinary organs. The dose is from twenty drops to a fl. drachm, three times a-day. Boluses op Copaiba. R. Copaiba two drachms Gum Arabic one ounce Powdered liquorice sufficient Mix, and form mass. Dose, a scruple to Radms. one ounce one drachm four grains three drachms sufficient two scruples. R. Copaiba Calcined magnesia Opium Powdered cubebs Syrup of poppies Mix, and divide into boluses of half a drachm. Two to be taken at night, in gonorrhoea. Henschel. Pills op Copaiba. R. Copaiba two ounces Magnesia (freshly pre- pared) one drachm Mix, and set aside, till it concretes into a pilular mass; this to be divided into two hundred pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to six, two or three times a-day. R. Copaiba Powdered cubebs, each, one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and divide into three-grain pills. Five to ten a-day. Hildenbrand. R. Copaiba Dragon's blood Calomel Conserve of roses Mix, and make pills of six grains. Dose, from three to five a-day. Foy. Pills of Copaiba and Cubebs. R. White wax two drachms Melt, by a gentle heat, and add one ounce half an ounce one drachm four ounces 178 COPAIBA. Copaiba half an ounce Powdered cubebs one ounce Incorporate well, and divide into two hun- dred and forty pills. Berens. Pills or Copaiba, Cubebs, and Tur- pentine. R. Oil of copaiba cubebs turpentine, each, one fl. drachm Magnesia two drachms Mix, and form sixty pills. This is said to be an excellent preparation. It was communicated by Mr. Procter, who is unac- quainted with the author of it. Copaiba Confection. R. Turpentine one ounce Copaiba half an ounce Mix well, in a warmed mortar, and add Mucilage of gum Arabic one ounce Conserve of roses four ounces Dose, two to three drachms, three times a-day, in obstinate gonorrhoea. Sicediaur. R. Copaiba Powdered cubebs, each, four drachms and a-half Yolk of egg one Conserve of roses half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day. Voght. R. Copaiba Powdered cubebs, each, two ounces alum one ounce Opium five grains Incorporate well. One drachm to be taken in the pulp of a prune, night and morning, and rapidily increased to two drachms. Is very effectual in gonorrhoea. Berton. Emulsion or Copaiba. R. Copaiba Mucilage gum Arabic, each, two ounces "Water, twelve fl. ounces Rub the copaiba gradually with the mu- cilage in a mortar, add the water by de- grees, constantly rubbing. Beral. Injection of Copaiba. R. Copaiba two drachms Mucilage of gum Arabic half an ounce Lime water six fl. ounces Mix well. As an injection in ulcers of the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Abemetliy. R. Copaiba half an ounce Yolk of egg sufficient Lime water six ounces Honey of roses three ounces Mix. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. FlencJc. Copaiba Mixture. R. Copaiba Sweet spirits of nitre, each, half a fl. ounce Powdered gum Arabic sugar, each, one drachm Compound spirits of lavender two fl. drachms Tincture of opium one fl. drachm Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day in gonorrhoea. Chapman. R. Copaiba Powdered cubebs, each, half an ounce Gum Arabic two drachms Paregoric elixir half a fl. ounce Sugar two drachms Water eight fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours. Ellis. R. Copaiba half an ounce Mint water Alcohol Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce Sweet spirit of nitre half a fl. drachm Mix. To be taken in four doses in a day, followed by demulcent drinks. In chronic gonorrhoea. Ellis. R. Balsam copaiba Sweet spirit of nitre, each, half a fl. ounce Compound spirit of lavender Laudanum, each, one fl. drachm Powdered gum Arabic one drachm Water three fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day in gonorrhoea. Chapman. R. Copaiba half an ounce Mucilage of gum Arabic two ounces Clarified honey six drachms Solution of potassa two drachms Essence of lemon half a drachm Rose water five fl. ounces Mix. Two to three spoonfuls, three times a-day. Stephenson. R. Copaiba one drachm and a-half Powdered kino one scruple Mucilage of gum Arabic two drachms Syrup of rhatany one ounce Decoction of chamomile four ounces Mix. A spoonful every hour or two. Foy. R. Copaiba half a drachm Tincture of allspice COPTIS-CORIANDRUM. Syrup of mallows, each, two drachms Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Water one ounce Mix. To he taken morning and evening. Saunders. R. Copaiba Syrup of lemon Mint water Orange-flower water, each, one ounce Sulphuric acid one drachm Tragacanth sufficient Mix. A spoonful, morning and evening. Delpech. R. Copaiba Tolu Powdered gum Arabic, each, half an ounce Elixir of vitriol twenty drops Distilled water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, in chronic hoop- ing-cough. Ellis. R. Copaiba one drachm Carbonate of potassa thirty grains Resin of Peruvian bark twenty grains Gum Arabic twelve grains Aloes two grains Syrup of capillaire two ounces Cinnamon water Mint water, each, three fl. ounces Mix. Dose, a glass full, several times a- day, as an anthelmintic. Pierquin. Tincture of Copaiba. R. Copaiba one part Alcohol eight parts Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Guibourt. Alkaline Tincture of Copaiba. R. Copaiba one ounce Carbonate of potassa one drachm Alcohol four fl. ounces Digest, and filter. Dose, twenty-five to fifty drops. Brunswick Ph. Compound Tincture of Copaiba. R. Copaiba one ounce Guaiacum two drachms Oil of sassafras half a drachm Alcohol four and a-half fl. ounces Digest with a gentle heat, filter. Foy. Dose, a drachm, in some infusion. R. Copaiba one ounce and a-half Balsam Peru half an ounce Carbonate of potassa one drachm and a-half Cut saffron two drachms Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces Mix, and digest for three days, and filter. 179 Two spoonfuls, two or three times a-day, in water or in wine. Wirtemberg Ph. Oil of Copaiba. R. Copaiba one ounce Water one pint and a-half Distil, return product several times, and redistil ; separate oil. Ed. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty drops, rubbed up with mu- cilage and water. Copaiba Clyster. R. Copaiba one to four drachms Extract of opium one grain Yolk of egg one Decoction of mal- lows four to six fl. ounces Make an emulsion, as a clyster in gonorr- hoea. Guibourt. Copaiba Paste. R. Sweet almonds six drachms Mallow paste one drachm Catechu half a drachm Copaiba three drachms Rub together into a paste. Dose, a spoon- ful. Phoebus, COPTIS. Goldthread. The root of Coptis trifolia, a small evergreen plant, found in the more northern parts of both continents, in wet and boggy situations. Sea;. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- culacese. Salisbury. Linn. Trans, viii. 305. Griffith, Med. Bot. 87. The roots, which are the part used, are long, slender, orange-yellow, with no smell, but a strong, and purely bitter taste. It is a simple tonic bitter, with no astringency. It is used as a stomachic, and as a local application to aphthous sore mouth. Dose, in powder, ten to thirty grains. Infusion of Goldthread. R. Goldthread one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for an hour, and strain. Dose, half fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. Dunglison. Tincture of Goldthread. R. Goldthread one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm to three fl. drachms. Wood. CORIANDRUM. Coriander. This is the fruit of Coriandrum sativum, an annual plant, a native of the south of Europe, 180 but naturalized in many other parts of that quar- ter of the world, and also extensively cultivated. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- Linn. Sp. PL 367. Griffith, Med. Bot. 341. The fruit is somewhat globular, of a grayish, or brownish-yellow color, and often separated into two portions, or mericarps. It has a plea- sant aromatic smell and taste. It is principally used as an adjuvant to other articles, to disguise their taste, or to modify their griping qualities. Dose, from a scruple to a drachm. Compound Powder of Coriander. R. Powdered cori- ander one drachm and a-half Ivory filings Burnt hartshorn Prepared chalk, each, one scruple Powdered cinnamon half a scruple Sugar of roses sufficient Mix well. A teaspoonful, after eating, as a stomachic. Plerquin. R. Powdered coriander rhubarb columbo, each, ten grains Mix. To be taken at bedtime, in dyspepsia with flatulence and costiveness. Stomachic. Ainslie. Tincture of Coriander. R. Coriander one part Diluted alcohol eight parts Macerate for a week, and filter. Beral. Compound Water of Coriander. R. Coriander eight ounces Citron water one fl. ounce Nutmeg Storax Benzoin, each, half an ounce Vanilla three drachms Alcohol forty-eight fl. ounces Macerate for two days, and distil. Dose, half fl. ounce, as a stomachic and carmina- tive. Spwlmann. CORNU— CORNUS SERICEA. CORNU. Hartshorn. This is officinal ly the horn of the Cervus elaphas, or European stag; but that of our native species has the same properties. It is found in the shops, in the form of shavings, which are of a yellow- ish white color, friable, and without smell or taste. They consist principally of gelatine and phosphate of lime, and are employed to make a jelly, which is not superior to any other animal jelly. Hartshorn Jelly. R. Hartshorn four ounces Water eight ounces Muriatic acid one drachm Beat together for ten minutes, wash in two or three waters, boil with fresh water for half an hour, express, strain, and add Sugar four ounces Boil down sufficiently for the mixture to jelly, on cooling. Ferrez. Compound Jelly of Hartshorn. R. Hartshorn jelly eight ounces Paste of sweet almonds one ounce Sugar half an ounce Orange-flower water one drachm Essence of citron twelve drops Mix, and heat ; then permit to cool. Guibourt. Burnt Hartshorn. R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open vessel till quite white; powder, and prepare like prepared chalk. Lond. Ph. Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. Dentifrice of Burnt Hartshorn. R. Powdered burnt hartshorn one ounce Orris root two drachms Dragon's blood one drachm Oil of roses two drops Mix. Steph. & Church. CORNUS. Dogwood. CORNUS CIRCINATA. Round-leaved Dogwood. A large shrub, native of the United States, with a bitter, astringent, aromatic bark. CORNUS FLORIDA. Tree Dogwood. A small tree found in most parts of the United States, flowering early in the spring. The bark, especially of the root, has a bitter, astringent, somewhat aromatic taste, and a faint odor. CORNUS SERICEA. Swamp Dogwood. A large shrub, like the others a native of this country, with a bark of the same qualities as them. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cor- nacese. The barks of these shrubs and trees are tonic and astringent, and have much the same proper- ties as Peruviaii bark, and may be used as a sub- stitute for it. That of C. Florida is said to con- tain a peculiar bitter principle, which has been COTULA— CREASOTUM. 181 called cornine. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. Decoction of Dogwood. R. Dogwood bark, bruised, one ounce Water one pint Boil for half an hour, and strain. A wine- glassful every hour, in the apyrexia of in- termittents. U. S. Ph. R. Dogwood bark Sassafras, each, six ounces Water eight pints Boil, and strain. Given as above. Niemann. Pills of Bound-leaved Dogwood. R. Extract of round-leaved dog- wood one drachm and a-half Powdered ginger ten grains Dried carbonate of soda ten grains Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Reece. Wine of Bound-leaved Dogwood. R. Extract of round-leaved dog- wood three drachms White wine one pint and a-half Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Reece. COTULA. Mayweed. A small annual syngenesious plant, a native of Europe, and extensively naturalized in the United States. It is the Maruta cotula of botan- ists. Sex. Syst. Syng. frust. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. Decandolle, Prod. vi. 13. Griffith, Med. Bot. 399. The whole herb has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, warm taste. It has much the same properties as chamomile as an internal remedy, and may be used as a substitute for it ; but its disagreeable odor renders it nauseous to most per- sons. It is also employed in amenorrhcea, and as an antispasmodic. It is usually given in in- fusion. Infusion of Mayweed. R. Mayweed half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for a quarter of an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. Used in same cases, and in same manner as infusion of chamomile. Cataplasm of Mayweed. R . Mayweed, fresh, at will Bruise, or cut very fine. When applied as a cataplasm, it produces redness and vesi- cation as rapidly as Spanish flies. Aside?/. CBEASOTUM. Creasote. A peculiar substance, analogous to the vola- tile oils, existing in the products of the distillation of wood. It is a colorless, oleaginous fluid, of a burning, caustic taste, and of an odor resembling that of smoked meat. It is corrosive, but, in a diluted state, is an effectual preserver of animal substances. It is irritant, narcotic, styptic, &c, and has been employed in a variety of diseases, both internally and as a local application. Creasote. R . Tar at will Distil, changing the recipients several times, till the residue has the consistence of pitch ; agitate the heavy oil that passes with a little concentrated sulphuric acid; then mix it with its own volume of water, and rectify in small retorts ; dissolve the product which sinks to the bottom in a hot solution of potassa, aided by a gentle heat; when it cools, add a slight excess of sul- phuric acid, separate the oil, and distil it in small quantities at a time ; again rectify it two or three times. Dose, one to two drops, mixed with water. Creasote Mixture. R. Creasote six drops Powdered mallows Sugar, each, one drachm Mix well, and divide into three powders, to be taken during the day. In hemoptysis and phthisis. Radius. Creasote Pills. R. Creasote one drachm Powdered mallow root sufficient to make one hundred and ten pills. Said to be beneficial in acute rheumatism. Four or five to be taken, morning and evening. Riecli. R. Creasote one drachm Extract of liquorice, each, one drachm and a-half Water sufficient Beat into mass, and make pills of two grains. Two, morning and evening, in phthisis and laryngitis. Radius. R. Creasote ten drops Powdered liquorice Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient Mix, and form twenty pills. Dose, one, three times a-day. In bronchitis, neural- gia, &c. Ellis. R. Creasote one drachm Extract of liquorice 182 CROCUS. Galbanum, each, half a drachm Powdered mallows two drachms Form mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Six, four times a-day, in phthisis. Riech. Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. R. Creasote one part Alcohol sixteen parts Mix. A drop or two placed in the cavity of an aching tooth, will afford relief. Marinus. R. Creasote one fl. drachm Alcohol two fl. ounces Mix. Used with water as a mouth wash, to correct fetor of the mouth, and to check caries of the teeth. Buchner. R. Creasote one fl. drachm Alcohol one fl. ounce and a-half Tincture of cochineal six fl. drachms Oil of mint thirty-six drops Mix. Used as above. Ringhini. Creasote Lotion. R. Creasote half a drachm Water five ounces Mix. As a lotion in psora, &c. Radius. R. Creasote ten drops Vinegar two fl. drachms Water two fl. ounces Mix. As an application to phagedenic ulcerations and chancres. Short. Creasote Collutory. R. Creasote three drops Compound spirit of lavender twenty drops Distilled water half fl. ounce Mix. Black. R. Creasote four drops Distilled water two fl. ounces Mix. In irritation of the gums. Fremanger. R. Creasote half a fl. drachm Powdered gum Arabic one ounce and a-half Camphor water two fl. ounces and a-half Mix. To be used every two hours in aphthous ulceration of the mouth. Magendie. Creasote Mixture. R. Creasote Acetic acid, each, sixteen drops Compound spirit of juniper Syrup each one fl. ounce Water fourteen fl. ounces Mix the creasote with the acid, gradually add the water, and then the spirit and syrup. Ed. Ph. Dose, one fl. ounce. R. Creasote two to four drops Mucilage of gum Arabic one ounce Infusion of salep five ounces Sugar one drachm Mix. A spoonful every two hours in the colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis. Radius. R. Creasote five drops Mucilage of gum Arabic three fl. ounces Syrup of mallows one fl. drachm Mix. A spoonful every three hours in hemoptysis. Santoni. R. Creasote one drop Camphor water Compound infusion of gentian, each, six fl. drachms. Mix. To check vomiting. Santoni. Creasote Ointment. R. Creasote half a fl. drachm Lard one ounce Melt the lard, add the creasote, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. As an application in scaly, cutaneous erup- tions, ulcers, &c. R. Simple cerate Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. Creasote thirty drops Mix. As an application in scrofulous caries. Fremanger. Compound Ointment of Creasote. R. Creasote Solution of subacetate of lead, each, ten drops Extract of opium one grain and a-half Lard one ounce Mix. As an application to chilblains. Devergie. R. Creasote half a drachm Purified animal charcoal one drachm Alcohol one fl. drachm and a-half Spermaceti ointment, one ounce and a-half Mix. Used as an application to burns, to be diluted, if necessary. Sutro. CROCUS. Saffron. Saffron is the stigmas of Crocus sativus, a bulb- ous rooted plant, native of Greece, Asia Minor, &c, and extensively cultivated in many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iridacese. CUBEBA. Saffron has a peculiar, sweetish, fragrant odor, a warm, bitter taste, and is of an orange red color. It was at one time much used as an ex- citant, narcotic aromatic and emmenagogue, but is seldom employed in this country, except as a coloring ingredient in compound preparations. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Pills op Saffron. R. Saffron Myrrh Sulphur, each, one drachm Inspissated bile sufficient Mix, and form one hundred and fifty pills. Dose, twelve a-day, as an emmenagogue. Phoebus. Tincture of Saffron. R. Saffron, cut fine two ounces Proof spirit two pints Digest for fourteen days, express, and filter. Ed. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture op Saffron. R. Saffron one ounce Myrrh two ounces Socotrine aloes ten ounces Cinnamon Mace Nutmeg, each, half an ounce Orange-flower water one pint Alcohol sixteen pints Digest for two days, distil off eight pints. Cottereau. Elixir de Garus. R. Compound tincture of saffron eight pints Syrup of maidenhair ten pints Mix, color with caramel, dissolved in Orange-flower water eight fl. ounces Used as a stomachic and carminative. Foy. Infusion of Saffron. R. Saffron two drachms Boiling water two pints Infuse, and strain. Advised in debility of the digestive organs. Beral. Syrup of Saffron. R. Saffron ten drachms Boiling water one pint White sugar three pounds Macerate the saffron in the water for twelve hours, strain, and add the sugar. Lond. Ph. Slightly stimulant. Saffron Collyrium. R. Saffron one part Boiling water two hundred parts Infuse, strain, and add Tincture of opium 183 one part Phoebus. Saffron Ointment. R. Cut saffron one scruple Camphor two scruples Oil of henbane two drachms Goulard's cerate six drachms Mix. As an application to painful hem- orrhoids. Speilmann. CUBEBA. CUBEBS. Cubebs are the berries or fruit of Piper cuheba, a climbing perennial vine, native of many parts of the East Indies. Sea;. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper - aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 90. Griffith, Med. Bot. 567. Cubebs somewhat resemble black pepper, but are of a lighter color, and are furnished with a short stalk. The stalk is thin and hard, and the seed round, white, and oily. The taste is acrid, peppery, and camphoraceous ; the odor aromatic and pleasant. Cubebs are stimulant, with a special action on the genito urinary or- gans, and have been much used in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, &c, and have also been found use- ful in piles, bronchitis, &c. The dose of the powder is from ten grains to three drachms, ac- cording to circumstances. Powder op Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs half a drachm to one drachm ipecacuanha eighth of a grain Oil of peppermint half a drop Mix. To be taken four times a-day, in gonorrhoea. Schmidt. Powder op Cubebs and Ergot. R. Powdered ergot two scruples cubebs one ounce cinnamon half a drachm sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be given three or four times a-day. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, &c. Ryan. Powder of Cubebs and Hemlock. R. Powdered cubebs half a drachm to a drachm Extract of hemlock half a grain Prepared oyster shell five grains Mix. To be taken four times a-day, in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. Powder of Cubebs and Alum. R. Powdered cubebs two ounces alum half an ounce Mix, and divide into nine powders. One to be taken three times a-day. Ricord. 184 CUBEBA. Cubeb Lozenges. R. Powdered cubebs two drachms Balsam of tolu six grains Mix, and add Extract of liquorice one ounce Syrup of balsam of Peru one drachm Gum Arabic sufficient Rub well together, and form lozenges of ten grains. One of these, permitted gradu- ally to melt in the mouth, alleviates the obstruction in the nose, in coryza. Spitta. Electuary op Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs half an ounce Clarified honey sufficient Mix. Three or four teaspoonfuls a-day, in gonorrhoea, mucous discharges from the bladder, &c. Radius. R. Powdered cubebs Balsam copaiba, each, two ounces Powdered alum one ounce Extract of opium five grains Rub together. Dose, one drachm, night and morning, in the pulp of a prune, ra- pidly increasing the dose to two drachms. In gonorrhoea. Beral. Injection of Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs one ounce Water one pint Boil, and strain. Add Extract of belladonna one scruple In gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea. Soubeiran. Clyster of Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs one to four drachms Decoction of mallows six ounces Mix. To be administered, night and morn- ing, in gonorrhoea. Foy. Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs one pound Sulphuric ether sufficient Introduce the powder into a displacer, in- sert the lower end into a closely fitting bottle, add the ether carefully, cover the top of the filter with wet bladder pierced with several pin-holes. The flow should be very gradual. Introduce the tincture into a large retort, and distil, by means of a water-bath, into a well-cooled receiver, till five-sixths have passed over. Continue the evaporation at a heat below 120° F., till the extract is of proper consistence. W. Procter. Emulsion of Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. R . Ethereal extract of cubebs two drachms Powdered gum Arabic half an ounce sugar one drachm Water three ounces and a-half Mix. A tablespoonful is equal to two drachms of cubebs. W. Procter. Alcoholic Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs at will Exhaust by ether, by means of a displace- ment apparatus, act on residue with diluted alcohol, distil the two tinctures separately. Evaporate the residue of the alcoholic tincture by means of a water-bath; add both together, and let the remaining ether evaporate spontaneously. Labelonye. Lozenges of Alcoholic Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. R. Extract of cubebs eight ounces Alcohol two pints Dissolve, and add Powdered sugar one pound Oil of peppermint eighteen drops Mix, and allow alcohol to evaporate by a gentle heat; reduce to powder, and add Mucilage tragacanth sufficient Mix, and divide into lozenges of six to eighteen grains. Labelonye. Cubeb Mixture. R. Powdered cubebs two drachms Carbonate of soda half a drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic six fl. drachms Mint water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. Fosbrohe. R. Powdered cubebs two drachms Subnitrate of Bismuth half a drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic half fl. ounce Syrup six fl. drachms Water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful four times a-day. Fosbrohe. Both these are recommended in the various affections of mucous membranes. R. Powdered cubebs two drachms Wine two ounces Essence of bergamot one drop Mix. To be taken every hour or two. Pierquin. Tincture of Cubebs. R. Bruised cubebs four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two drachms, as a stomachic and carminative, or in advanced stage of gonorrhoea. Syrup of Alcoholic Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. R. Extract of cubebs three ounces CUNILA— CUPRI SUBACETAS. 185 Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Peppermint water one pint White sugar two pounds Mix. A teaspoonful, several times a-day, in a glass of water. Labehnye. Oil op Cubebs. R. Powdered cubebs Water Distil, and collect tbe oil. Dose, ten to twelve drops, gradually increased. Given in emulsion, or in gelatin capsules. Mixture op Oil of Cubebs and Copaiva. R. Oil of cubebs one scruple Copaiba two ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a-day. Beral. one part two parts Giordano. CUNILA. Dittany. The whole herb of Cunila mariana. A native plant, found in most places in the United States. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceae Linn. Sp. PL 30. Griffith, Med. Bot. 509. It has a powerful, aromatic odor, and a warm, pungent taste. It is stimulant, carminative, su- dorific, and emmenagogue. Infusion of Dittany. R. Dittany half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse and strain. Used warm, as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. Oil of Dittany. R. Dittany at will •Water sufficient Distil, and separate oil. As a carminative, in doses of two or three drops, with sugar. CUPRUM. Copper. A brilliant ductile, malleable metal, of a red- dish color, having an unpleasant taste and smell. It is not used in its pure state in medicine, but affords numerous remedial preparations. CUPRI ACETAS. Acetate op Copper. R . Pulverized verdigris at will Acetic acid sufficient Dissolve, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Van Mons. CUPRI SUBACETAS. Verdigris. Prepared Subacetate of Copper. R. Verdigris, in powder, at will Prepared as directed for chalk. Duo. Ph. Powder of Verdigris and Savine. R. Verdigris Savine equal parts Mix. To be dusted on sores with fungous excrescences. Ellis. Pills of Acetate of Copper. R. Acetate of copper fifteeen grains Boiling water sufficient to dissolve, add Opium five grains Extract of liquorice one drachm Powdered liquorice sufficient Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, three to ten, three times a- day. Phoebus. Verdigris and Alum. R. Verdigris Nitre Alum, each, eight parts Melt together, and add Camphor one to two parts Much used in Europe as a basis for ophthal- mic solutions, under the name of Beer's divine stone. Radius. Ophthalmic Washes. R. Beer's divine stone eight to twelve grains Water four fl. ounces and a-half Wine of opium a scruple to one fl. drachm Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Benedict. R. Beer's divine stone three to four grains Elder water one fl. ounce Tincture of opium twelve drops Solution of acetate of lead five drops Mix. Used like the last. Rust. Compound Verdigris Lotion. R. Verdigris Burnt alum, each, two drachms Honey half an ounce White wine one pint Mix. As a wash for indolent venereal or scorbutic ulcers. Scherf. Metz's Balsam. R. Linseed oil Olive oil, each, six ounces Oil of laurel berries one ounce 186 CUPRI MURIAS— CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. Turpentine two ounces Melt by a gentle heat, and add Powdered aloes two drachms verdigris three drachms white vitriol one drachm and a-half Pour into a bottle, and add Oil of juniper half an ounce cloves one drachm Mix. As a dressing to wounds and ulcers. Guibourt. Verdigris Ointment. R. Verdigris, in fine powder, one drachm Simple ointment fifteen drachms Melt the ointment, and add the verdigris, and stir till cold. IT. S. Ph. Used as a mild escharotic and stimulant to fungous ulcers, to warts, corns, &c., and obstinate cutaneous affections. R. Verdigris two drachms Oxide of zinc Camphor, dissolved in alcohol, each, six drachms Triturate well, and incorporate with a melted mixture of Lard Suet, each, two ounces and stir till cold Recommended in scrofulous ophthalmia. Swediaur. Verdigris Plaster. R. Gralbanum one ounce Pitch half an ounce Litharge plaster two drachms Melt, and add Verdigris Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce This is a good application to corns and warts. Saxon Ph. Egyptian Ointment. R. Verdigris five parts Purified honey sixteen parts Strong vinegar seven parts _ Burnt alum half a part Mix, and melt by a gentle heat, stirring constantly. This is thought to form an excellent detergent application to ulcers. Giordano. Liniment of Verdigris. R. Powdered verdigris one ounce Vinegar seven fl. ounces Honey fourteen ounces Dissolve the verdigris in the vinegar, strain, gradually add the honey, and boil down to proper consistence. Lond Ph. Used like the last, and also much diluted as a gargle in venereal sore throat. CUPRI MURIAS. Muriate op Copper. R. Chloride of potassium seven parts Sulphate of copper eleven and a-half parts Pulverize, mix, and gradually add twelve parts boiling water; on cooling, filter, separate the sulphate of potassa that forms, then permit the crystals of the muriate to form, separate, and dry. Van Mom. Cupreous Ether. R. Chloride of barium ten parts Sulphate of copper twelve parts Sulphuric ether six parts Triturate the salts together, add the ether, and decant when all the muriate of cop- per is dissolved. Has been recommended in small doses in epilepsy. Van Mons. Muriate op Copper and Ammonia. R Muriate of copper ammonia equal parts Dissolve in water, add liquid ammonia, drop by drop, as long as any precipitate takes place, and is again dissolved by the addition of more ammoniac, filter, and evaporate. Augustin. Used in epilepsy, in dosesof two to ten grains. Solution op Ammoniacal Muriate of Copper and Mercury. R. Copper filings two drachms Calomel two ounces Dissolve the copper in two fl. ounces liquid ammonia, and the calomel in two fl. ounces muriatic acid, with fifteen drops of ni- tric acid; mix the solutions in such pro- portions that the precipitate that first forms is redissolved. Radius. Koechlin's Drops. R. Solution of ammoniacal muriate of copper and mercury two fl. drachms Distilled water twenty fl. ounces Mix. Much praised in obstinate venereal affections, scrofula, &c. Dose, a teaspoon- ful after each meal. Augustin. CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Copper. R. Sulphate of copper half an ounce Carbonate of ammonia six drachms Rub together in a glass mortar till efferves- cence ceases, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. IT. S. Ph. Has been used in epilepsy, chorea, hysteria, CUPRI SULPHAS. 187 &c. Dose, a quarter to half a grain twice a-day, and gradually increased. Solution of Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper one drachm Distilled water one pint Dissolve, and filter. Lond. Ph. As a lotion to foul and indolent ulcers, or inter- nally, in same cases as the powder. Injection of Ammoniated Copper. R Ammoniated copper five grains Rose water eight fl. ounces Mix. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. Powder or Ammoniated Copper and Belladonna. R. Ammoniated copper two to four grains Powdered belladonna root one to four grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and form six powders, one to be taken every two hours, in epilepsy. Hildebrand. Pills of Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper two grains Crumb of bread sufficient Mix, and form four pills. One to be taken twice a-day, in epilepsy, gradually increas- ing the dose. A. T. Thomson. R. Ammoniated copper fifteen grains Crumb of bread two scruples Sugar one scruple Liquid ammonia sufficient Mix, and form thirty pills. Dose, one, three times a-day, gradually increased. In epilepsy. Van Mons. Compound Pills of Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper Opium, each, ten grains Extract of dandelion Powdered mallows, each, two scruples Mix, and form fifty pills. Dose, five, twice a-day, in diabetes. Radius. Gargle of Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper eight grains Savine water six fl. ounces Mix. In chronic sore throat. Kopp. Ointment of Ammoniated Copper. R. Solution of ammoniated copper one fl. drachm Simple cerate, melted, one ounce Mix well. As a stimulant to indolent ul- cers. Swediaur. CUPRI SULPHAS Sulphate of Copper. Powder of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper twelve grains Sugar of milk four scruples Mix, and divide into four powders. Much praised in croup — given as follows : one is to be administered at once, another dis- solved in three spoonfuls of water, one of which is to be taken every hour. Radius. R. Sulphate of copper four grains Sugar of milk eight scruples Mix, and divide into eight powders. Two a-day in obstinate diarrhoea. Elliotson. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper zinc Alum Carbonate of lead Armenian bole equal parts Melt the three first substances together, pulverize, add the two other articles, and sift. This is a powerful astringent, and has proved useful as a styptic. Cotter eau. Pills of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper four grains Extract of cinchona thirty-two grains Mix, make mass, and divide into sixteen or twenty pills. One to be taken three times a-day, in obstinate intermittents. Ellis. R. Sulphate of copper Ipecacuanha, each, one drachm Syrup sufficient Form mass, and divide into pills of five grains each. Dose, two to four, every two or three days, in the morning, before eat- ing, in phthisis. Foy. R. Sulphate of copper six grains Powdered calamus two drachms Extract of liquorice Water, each, sufficient Form mass, and divide into ninety-six pills. Four to seven, two or three times, in the apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Adair. Pills of Sulphate of Copper and Opium. R. Sulphate of copper two grains Opium four grains Conserve of roses sufficient 188 CYDONIA. Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a-day, in obstinate intermittents. Chapman. Compound Pills of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper two grains Alcohol, ext. cascarilla seventeen grains Opium two grains Syrup of ginger sufficient Mix, and make eight pills. One, three times a-day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. Electuary with Sulphate of Copper. R . Sulphate of copper one scruple Opium one grain Armenian bole Catechu, each, one drachm and a-half Syrup sufficient Mix. In obstinate diarrhoea. Saunders. Gargle with Sulphate of Copper. R . Sulphate of copper twenty grains Infusion of sage six fl. ounces Tincture of myrrh catechu kino, each, one drachm pimpinella five drachms Honey six drachms Mix well. In obstinate salivation. Kopp. COLLYRIUM OF SULPHATE OF COPPER. R . Sulphate of copper Armenian bole, each, eight grains Camphor two grains Boiling water eight fl. ounces Rub well together, permit to settle, and strain. As an application in purulent oph- thalmia of infants. Ware. R. Sulphate of copper six grains Camphor one drachm Boiling water eight fl. ounces Rub the camphor with the water, strain, and add sulphate of copper. As a sub- stitute for the above. Ellis. Sulphate of Copper Lotion. R. Sulphate of copper one ounce and a-half Alum five drachms and a-half Sage leaves five ounces Vinegar one pint Solution of muriate of ammonia two pints Boil together for half an hour. Used as an application, in a tepid state, to swell- ings and contusions. Purmann. Injection of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper six grains Distilled water six fl. ounces Tincture of opium one fl. drachm Dissolve. As an injection in chronic gon- orrhoea. Ellis. R . Sulphate of copper six grains Distilled water four fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Solution subacetate of lead twenty drops As a wash and injection in phymosis. Swediaur. Ointment of Sulphate of Copper. R . Sulphate of copper Calamine, each, five grains Camphor two grains Fresh butter two drachms Triturate well together. A small portion to be applied to the edges of the eyelids, in the evening, in psorophthalmia. Rust. R . Sulphate of copper Verdigris, each, two drachms Alum half an ounce Corrosive sublimate two scruples Lard one ounce Burgundy pitch one pound Melt the pitch and lard by a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients, stirring till cold. As a dressing to venereal and fun- gous ulcers. Augustin. R. Powdered sulphate of copper. catechu, each, four drachms alum nine drachms resin four ounces Olive oil sufficient Make ointment. As an application to in- dolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Kerr. Sulphate of Copper Styptic. R. Sulphate of copper three grains Sulphuric acid twenty drops Water two ounces Dissolve. In epistaxis. Twenty to forty drops to be taken in water, every hour. Thatcher. CYDONIA. Quince Seeds. These seeds are the product of Cydonia vul- garis, a small tree, native of some parts of Eu- rope, but extensively cultivated in tbis country. The fruit is much used for the purpose of mak- ing preserves. Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Poma- ces. Persoon, Enchirid. ii. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 291. The seeds are inodorous, insipid, and abound- ing with mucilage, one drachm rendering six ounces of water, viscid. Used like the other bland mucilages. CYMINUM— DELPHINIA. 189 Decoction op Quince Seeds. R. Quince seeds two drachms Distilled water one pint Boil over a slow fire, for ten minutes, and strain. Lond. Ph. R. Quince seeds one ounce Boiling water six. fl. ounces Digest on hot coals, for two hours ; strain. Both these are used in ophthalmia, &c. Quince Seed Mixture. R. Mucilage of quince seeds one ounce Yolk of eggs two Honey of roses three ounces Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in cough and hoarseness. Sainte Marie. Bandoline for the Hair. R . Mucilage of quince seeds eight fl. ounces Cologne water, or Brandy eight fl. ounces Mix. Used as an application to the hair, to give gloss and smoothness. CYMINUM. Cumin. Cumin seeds are produced by Cuminum cymi- num, an umbelliferous plant, a native of Egypt, but cultivated in southern Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- Linn. Sp. PI. 365. Lindley, Fl. Med. 51. These seeds have a peculiar, strong, heavy odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. They are carminative and stimulant, are seldom used internally, but enter into the composition of some warm plasters. Cumin Plaster. R. Cumin Caraway Laural berries, each, three ounces Burgundy pitch three pounds Yellow wax three ounces Melt the pitch and wax together, and add the other ingredients, stirring well. Lond. Ph, DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. The Delphinium consolida is a native of Europe, but has become partially naturalized in this country, and is also much cultivated in gardens as an ornamental flower. Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranun- culaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 748. Griffith, Med. Bot. 88. Several parts of this plant have been employed medicinally, as the flowers, seeds, and roots. They owe their properties to the presence of an alkaloid, called delphinia. The flowers are said to be diuretic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, and the seeds and root to be diuretic, &c. Tincture op Larkspur Seeds. R. Larkspur seeds one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, ten to twenty drops, three times a-day, in spasmodic asthma. Augustin. DELPHINIA. Delphinia. This alkaloid is prepared from the seeds of different species of Delphinium, but generally from those of the D. staphisagria. R. Larkspur seeds at will Water sufficient Boil, repeat the decoction with another portion of water, till all soluble portions of the seeds are dissolved. Concentrate the united decoctions, add calcined magne- sia, and filter after a short ebullition. Wash the precipitate with cold water, and dry it, digest it in alcohol on a water-bath, and permit to crystallize. Magendie. This is used in the same cases as veratria, in doses of a quarter to half a grain, to the extent of two to three grains a-day. It is also employed in ointment or in solution in alcohol. Solution op Delphinia. R. Delphinia one scruple Rectified spirit two fl. ounces Dissolve. For outward use. Turnbull. Ointment op Delphinia. R. Delphinia ten to thirty grains Olive oil one drachm Rub together, and add Lard one ounce Mix well. Turnbull. 190 DIANTHUS-DIGITALIS. DIANTHUS. Pink. The only species that is officinal is the D. cary- ophyllus or clove pink, a native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens, for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Sex. Syst. Decand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Caryo- phyllaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 587. Woodville, Med. Bot. t. 205. The parts used are the flowers, these should be of a dark red color, and very aromatic. They are principally employed to form a syrup, used as a vehicle for other medicines. Syrup op Clove Pink. R. Petals of clove pink one pound Boiling water two pints Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add twice the weight of sugar. Guioourt. DIGITALIS. Foxglove. The foxglove is a native of Europe, but is cul- tivated in this country, both as an ornamental plant and for medicinal purposes. Sea;. Syst. Didynam. angios. Nat. Syst. Scro- phulariacese. Linn. Sp. PI. S68. Griffith, Med. Bot. 520. The parts used are the leaves; these should be dried in the dark, and always kept from the light. When good, they are of a dull green color, a feeble, narcotic odour, and a bitter, unpleasant taste. Digitalis is narcotic, sedative, and diuretic, and, in large doses, poisonous. It is given to ful- fil many indications; as a diuretic, as a sedative, and antispasmodic, to reduce the force of the cir- culation, &c. It is given in substance in the dose of one grain, two or three times a-day, gradually increasing the quantity until some effect is pro- duced on the system. Powders of Foxglove. R. Powdered foxglove one grain cinnamon four grains sugar ten grains Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated two or three times a-day. Radius. R. Foxglove Sulphate of quinine a-half to two grains Fennel seed six grains Sugar of milk ten grains Mix. To be taken three or four times a- day, in phthisis. Gunther. R . Powdered foxglove ten grains calomel six grains valerian two scruples assafetida castor, each, half a drachm sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. a quarter to one gram One, morning and evening, in the convul- sions attendant on hydrocephalus. Pierquin. R. Powdered foxglove fifteen grains nitre three drachms cremor tartar half an ounce Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every two hours. As a diuretic in dropsies. Br era. R . Powdered foxglove six grains G-olden sulphuret of antimony Calomel, each, three grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours in peripneumonia. Radius. R. Powdered foxglove eight grains Extract of opium four grains Sugar one ounce Oil of peppermint four drops Mix, and divide into eight powders. One in the evening in palpitation of the heart. Sainte Marie. Extract op Foxglove. R. Fresh juice of foxglove at will Evaporate to proper consistence, without removing fecula. Bond. Ph. Dose, from half a grain to two grains. Bolus op Foxglove. R. Powdered foxglove fifteen grains Calomel eight grains Root of juniper one drachm Mix, and form four boluses. One, every four hours in encephalitis. Brera. R. Powdered foxglove twelve grains Calomel six grains Tartar emetic two grains Purified honey Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient Mix, and form four boluses. One, every four hours, in hemoptysis and engorgement of the abdominal viscera. Brera. Pills of Foxglove. R. Powdered foxglove twelve grains Calomel six grains Opium two grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form twelve pills. One to be taken every eight hours, in hydrothorax and ascites. Ellis. R. Powdered foxglove four grains camphor twelve grains Extract of henbane eighteen grains Mix, and make six pills. Two to be taken at bedtime. Used in maniacal and spas- modic affections. A. T. Thomson. DIGITALIS. 191 R • Powdered squills four grains myrrh one scruple foxglove ten grains calomel six grains Triturate together, and add Assafetida half a drachm Extract of gentian sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into fifteen pills. One night and morning, as a diuretic in dropsies. Paris. R. Powdered foxglove opium, each, six grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. One to he taken every four hours. In asthma, &c. Ellis. R. Powdered foxglove one drachm Extract of hemlock rhubarb Aloes, each, half a drachm Glum ammoniac four scruples Oxymel of squills Powdered liquorice root, each/sufficient Mix, and make pills of six grains. Three to be taken morning and evening. In dropsy, &c. Brera. Infusion op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves one drachm Boiling water half a pint Tincture of cinnamon one fl. ounce Macerate the foxglove with the water, in a covered vessel, for four hours, strain, and add the tincture. U. S. Ph. The dose is half a fl. ounce, twice a-day, till the system is affected. Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate of Potassa. R. Infusion of foxglove four fl. ounces Tincture of foxglove one fl. drachm Acetate of potassa one drachm Tincture of opium ten drops Mix. A dessertspoonful three or four times a-day; as a diuretic. Ellis. Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate of Lead. R. Powdered foxglove three to five grains Solution of subacetateof lead five drops Syrup of orange flowers one ounce Infusion of poppies six ounces Mix. In spoonful doses, in hypertrophy of the heart. Foy. Mixture of Foxglove and Tartaric Acid. R . Infusion of foxglove half an ounce Tartaric acid one scruple Carbonate of soda twenty-four grains Sweet spirit of nitre one drachm Tincture of squills four drops Mint water two ounces Mix. As a diuretic, in ascites. To be taken twice or thrice a-day. Dewees. Expectorant Mixture op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves thirty grains Boiling water sufficient to obtain four ounces of strained infusion, add Syrup of gum Arabic three ounces Kermes mineral six grains Syrup of mallows one ounce Mix. To be taken, in teaspoonful doses, in pneumonia and pleurisy. Brera. Tincture op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten to twenty drops, two or three times a-day. Mixture of Tincture of Foxglove. R. Tincture of foxglove one fl. drachm opium sixty drops Distilled water two fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in hemoptysis and incipient phthi- sis. Ellis. Ethereal Tincture of Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves one part Sulphuric ether four parts Macerate for two days, and decant. Dose, from ten to twenty drops. Soubeiran. Vinegar of Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves half an ounce Vinegar four fl. ounces Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Sugar five ounces A teaspoonful, several times a-day. Highly spoken of in incipient phthisis. Martins. Ointment of Foxglove. R. Bruised foxglove leaves one part Lard two parts Melt over a slow fire, until all moisture is driven off, and strain. As an application to chronic ulcers. Soubeiran. Plaster op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves two drachms Vinegar one fl. ounce Macerate, and evaporate to consistence of an extract, and add Calomel ten grains Elemi ointment eight scruples In chronic glandular swellings. Sundelin. 192 DIGITALINA— DIOSMA. Syrup op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves (European) four ounces Water sufficient Sugar one pound Bruise the foxglove, add sufficient water to render quite moist, exhaust, by process of displacement, evaporate in a water-bath to ten ounces, add sugar, and form syrup. One teaspoonful is equivalent to fifteen grains of digitalis, or about two ounces of infusion. Duhamel. DIGITALINA. DiGITALIN. R. Powdered foxglove at will Macerate for twenty-four hours in a suffi- ciency of sulphuric ether, decant, repeat the operation several times, the last on a water-bath. Unite, and filter the tinctures, and distil off the most of the ether, over a water-bath. Treat the residue with dis- tilled water. Add, very gradually, finely powdered litharge, till there is no acid re- action. Evaporate to dryness, treat with sulphuric ether, and evaporate to crystal- lizing point. Magendie. Dose, from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. Pills op Digitalin. R. Digitalin three quarters of a grain Powdered gum Arabic Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient Mix, and make twenty pills. Dose, one to four daily, in hypertrophy of the heart. Bouchardat. Granules of Digitalin. R. Digitalin fifteen and a-half grains Sugar one ounce and a-half "Water sufficient Mix, and form one thousand granules. Dose, from four to six a-day. Homolle. DIOSMA. Buchu. • Buchu consists of the leaves of several species of Diosma, or more properly Barosma, especially of B.crenata and B. scratifolia. They are small shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ruta- ceae. Linn. Sp. PI. (Diosma) 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 191. These leaves have a strong, somewhat aro- matic odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. They are gently stimulant and diuretic, and are much used in diseases of the urinary organs, and also in some other complaints. The dose, in substance, is from twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves one ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for four hours, in a covered ves- sel, and strain. U. S. Ph. The dose is from one to two fluid ounces. Compound Infusion of Buchu. R . Buchu leaves Urva ursi, each, half an ounce Boiling water eight ounces Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Syrup of senega half a fl. ounce One or two spoonfuls every two hours, in atony of the bladder, and mucous dis- charges. Radius. Tincture of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves two ounces Proof spirit one pint Macerate for seven days, and filter. Dub. Ph. Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. Extract of Buchu. R. Buchu, in coarse powder, a pound Ether four fl. ounces Alcohol twelve fl. ounces Displace without maceration, add diluted alcohol until a pint of ethero-alcoholic tincture is obtained ; suffer this to evapo- rate spontaneously; treat the residue in the displacer, with diluted alcohol, till two pints are obtained ; evaporate to a syrup ; add the product of the first tincture, and with a gentle heat concentrate to the proper consistence. W. Procter. Fluid Extract of Buchu. R. Buchu leaves eight ounces Alcohol sixteen fl. ounces Water sufficient Reduce the leaves to a coarse powder, moisten them in a covered vessel, with twelve fl. ounces of the alcohol, macerate for six hours, and introduce into a dis- placer. When the clear fluid has ceased to pass, add the remaining alcohol, mixed with four fl. ounces of water, until the displaced liquid amounts to twelve fl. ounces, which is to be set aside until re- duced to six fl. ounces by spontaneous evaporation. The residue in the displacer is then to be treated with a pint of cold water by maceration for twelve hours, and subjected to pressure till a pint is obtained. Evaporate this to ten fl. ounces, mix with six fl. ounces of the tincture, agitate for several days, filter, or strain. Dose, one to two teaspoonfuls. W. Procter. DIOSPYROS-DULCAMARA. 193 DIOSPYROS. Persimmon. The Persimmon, or Diospyros Virginiana, is a native tree, found in the middle and southern States, most frequent in the latter. Sex. Syst. Dicec. octand. Nat. Syst. Ebenacese. Linn. Sp. PL 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 435. Several parts of the Persimmon have been used in medicine, as the bark and the unripe fruit. They are both powerful astringents, and have been employed with success in bowel com- plaints and hemorrhages. The bark may be given in infusion, the fruit, in syrup or vinous tincture. Infusion or Persimmon Bark. R. Persimmon bark, bruised, half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours, and strain. Used in doses of a fl. ounce, in intermittents, and as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. . Wine op Persimmons. R. Crushed green persimmons one pound Port wine one pint and a-half Macerate for fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, two to four fl. drachms a day, as an astringent. Beasley. DIRCA. Leatherwood. The Dirca palustris i3 an indigenous shrub, found in boggy situations, with long, tough roots. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thyme- laceas. Linn. Amcen. iii. 12. Griffith, Med. Bot. 561. The part used is the bark, which is very fibrous ; it causes redness and vesication, when applied to the skin ; when chewed, it induces saliva- tion. It has been given in infusion, or decoc- tion, as a sudorific, and expectorant, and also in the same class of diseases as mezereon. DRACONTIUM Skunk Cabbage. A perennial plant, with very large leaves, in- digenous to the United States, growing in wet sit- uations : it is the Symplocarpus falidus. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oion- tiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1372 (Dracontium). Griffith, Med. Bot. G19. The root is officinal, but the seeds are equally powerful. They both have a very acrid taste when fresh. The leaves, when bruised, have a nauseous smell, and are a good stimulating ap- plication to blisters. The root and seeds are stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic ; and have been employed with success in asthma, hysteria, &c. The dose in powder is from two to twenty grains, several times a-day. 13 Infusion of Skunk Cabbage. R. Skunk cabbage root one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse in a covered vessel for an hour, and strain. Dose, an ounce to two ounces. Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Root. R. Skunk cabbage root, sliced, one ounce Alcohol six fl. ounces Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Turner. Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Seed. R. Skunk cabbage seed two drachms Alcohol four fl. ounces Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Turner. DULCAMARA. Bittersweet. The Bittersweet, or Solarium dulcamara, is a climbing shrub, indigenous to Europe, and natural- ized extensively in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. sola- Linn. Sp. PI. 264. Griffith, Med. Bot. 480. The officinal portions are the small stems. These have a heavy, unpleasant odor when fresh, but are scentless when dry. They have a somewhat bitter taste, followed by a peculiar sweetness. The properties of Bittersweet are those of a narcotic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. It has been used in chronic rheumatism, asthma, &c, and especially in chronic cutaneous disor- ders. The dose, in substance, is from thirty grains to a drachm, but it is seldom given in this form. Decoction of Bittersweet. R. Bittersweet, bruised, one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. 8. Ph. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day, gradually increased, till a pint is taken in the twenty-four hours. In chronic eruptions, &c. Compound Decoction of Bittersweet. R. Bittersweet half an ounce Liquorice root Burdock Sassafras bark Guaicum, each, two drachms Water two pints Boil down to sixteen ounces, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times a-day, in chronic rheumatism, and vene- real affections. Augustin. Extract of Bittersweet. R. Bittersweet, in coarse powder, one pound Water sufficient Mix the powder with a pint of the water ; 194 ELATERIUM. let it stand for twenty-four hours, put it in a displacement apparatus, and add wa- ter gradually, till the liquor that passes is but slightly impregnated with the proper- ties of the bittersweet. Heat the filtered fluid, strain, and evaporate to proper con- sistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, from five to ten grains. R . Freshly dried bittersweet, contused, eight ounces Diluted alcohol four pints Digest by a gentle heat, for fourteen days, express, filter, and evaporate on water- bath, to a proper consistence. Dose, five to eight grains. J. W. Simes. Syrup op Bittersweet. R. Coarsely powdered bitter- sweet four ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Alcohol four fl. ounces Mix the fluids, pour on the powder in a displacer, until one pound of tincture is obtained, adding water to displace the di- luted alcohol. Evaporate to half a pint, add fifteen ounces of sugar, and make a syrup. W. Procter. Pills op Extract op Bittersweet. R. Extract of bittersweet one ounce Crude antimony Powder of bittersweet, each, half an ounce Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Dose, from fifteen to twenty, twice a-day, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. Mixture op Bittersweet. R . Extract of bittersweet three drachms seneka two drachms hemlock one drachm Antimonial wine Cinnamon water, each, one ounce Mix. Forty to eighty drops, four times a-day, in scrofulous swelling, spasmodic cough, &c. Augustin. R. Extract of bittersweet half a scruple Infusion of liquorice Decoction of mallows, each, one ounce and a-half Wine of opium two drops Oxymel three drachms Mix. A teaspoonful, in chronic catarrh in children. Radius. ELATERIUM. Elaterium Is a peculiar substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Ecbalium elaterium, a native of the south of Europe, growing in waste places. Sea;. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. Cucur- bitacese. Richard. Griffith, Med. Bot. 305. Elaterium is in light, friable, thin, somewhat curled flakes or fragments, of a pale, grayish- green color. The taste is acrid, and bitterish ; but the odor is very slight. The dose is from one to two grains, of the common commercial kind, of the pure and genuine, not more than one- eighth to a quarter of a grain. Elaterium Pills. R. Elaterium ten grains Extract of gentian three drachms Mix, and form pills of four grains each. One or two, twice a-day, as a hydragogue purgative. Saunders. R. Elaterium six grains Extract of gentian Soap, each, nine grains One to four Radius. half a drachm Mix, and form twelve pills, in obstinate constipation. R. Elaterium Aloes Gamboge, each, two drachms Gum ammoniac two ounces Tincture of wormwood sufficient Mix, and form pills of four grains each. Steed. Ph. R. Elaterium fifteen grains Sulphate of potassa one scruple Soap one drachm Powdered ginger one drachm and a-half Rub the elaterium and sulphate of potassa together, and then with the ginger and soap, adding sufficient water to form mass, and form sixty pills. One to two every hour, until full evacuations are procured. Sprague. Elaterium Mixture. R. Elaterium one grain Spirit of nitric ether two fl. ounces ELATERINA— EMETINA. 195 Tincture of squills Oxymel of colchicum, each, half a fl. ounce Syrup one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in a little water. In ascites, or hydrothorax. Ferriar. R. Elaterium one grain Parsley water six fl. ounces Oxymel of squills Syrup of buckthorn, each, half fl. ounce Root of juniper one ounce Aromatic tincture one drachm Spirit of nitric ether two fl. drachms Mix. Used as above, and in the same cases. Hufeland. Oil or Elaterium. R. Fruit of elaterium one part Oil of olives two parts Digest in a water-bath, for some days, then evaporate all moisture, and strain. As an application for sore nipples, frosted limbs, and painful hemorrhoids. Lond. Ph. ELATERINA. Elaterin. R. Juice of ecbalium at will Treat with water, dissolve the insoluble residue in alcohol, evaporate to consistence of syrup, purify the crystals that form, by washing with ether. Tincture of Elaterin. R. Elaterin one grain Alcohol one ounce Nitric acid four drops Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in cinnamon water. Morris. ELEMI. Elemi. Elcmi is a resinous exudation of various spe- cies of plants, principally belonging to the natu- ral order of Amyridace;c. It occurs in masses of various consistence and color, but usually di- aphanous; it has a terebinthinate and somewhat aromatic odor, and a warm, unpleasant taste. It has the usual properties of the turpentines, but is only employed as an external application. It is seldom used in this country, but is extensively employed in Europe. Ointment op Elemi. R. Elemi one pound Common turpentine ten ounces Suet two pounds Olive oil two fl. ounces Melt the elemi with the suet; remove from fire, and add turpentine and oil, and strain. Lond. Ph. As a gentle stimulant to flabby ulcers, &c. R. Elemi Venice turpentine, each, one ounce and a-half Suet two ounces Balsam tolu one ounce Melt together, and strain. As a dressing to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Neimann. Elemi Cautery Plaster. R. Elemi Spermaceti, each, five parts Turpentine six parts White wax ten parts Melt together, and spread on paper. To keep up discharge from issues. Soubeiran. EMETINA. Emetine. This is a peculiar alkaloid, found in the vari- ous kinds of ipecacuanha, and to which they owe their active properties. There are two varieties, the colored or impure, and the white or pure. Impure Emetine. R. Ipecacuanha one part Alcohol (.835) four parts Macerate for some days, express, and filter; treat the residue with three parts of alcohol as above, unite the tinctures, distil, dis- solve the residue in four parts of cold water, filter, evaporate to the consistence of honey, and finish the drying by a gentle heat. Cotiereau. It is reddish brown, inodorous, bitter, and deliquescent. Pure Emetine. R. Impure emetine at will Dissolve in water, treat with magnesia, wash with cold water, treat several times with alcohol, on a water-bath, evaporate the solution to dryness, dissolve the resi- dues in very dilute sulphuric or acetic acid, boil with a little animal charcoal, add an alkaline solution to saturate the acid, dry the precipitate, dissolve it in alcohol, and evaporate to dryness. Cottereau. It is yellowish or white, pulverulent, not deli- quescent. Dose, 1-lCth to l-4th of a grain. Emetine Mixture. R. Impure emetine four grains Infusion of orange leaves two fl. ounces Syrup of orange flowers half a fl. ounce 196 ERGOTA. — • — - Mix. A dessertspoonful every half hour, to produce vomiting. Magendie. R. Pure emetine, dissolved in Nitric acid one grain Infusion of linden three fl. ounces Syrup of mallows one fl. ounce Mix. Given as the last. Foy. Emetine Lozenges. R. Impure emetine thirty-two grains Sugar two ounces Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Rub together, and form lozenges of eight- een grains. One will usually vomit a child, and three or four an adult. Magendie. R . Impure emetine thirty-two grains Sugar four ounces Mucilage tragacanth sufficient Mix, and form lozenges of nine grains each. One occasionally as an expectorant. Guibourt. Syrup op Emetine. R. Impure emetine sixteen grains Dissolve in a little water, filter, and add to Syrup one pound R . Pure emetine four grains Syrup one pound Mix. The dose of these syrups is a tea- spoonful. Soubeiran. ERGOTA. Ergot. Ergot is the diseased seeds of die common rye, but the cause of this morbid growth has given rise to much controversy. The most general opinion, now is, that it is owing to a fungus, but authors are not agreed as to the character of this. The most recent investigator, Mr. Queckett, calls it Ergotctia arbortifaciens. It is also a question whether the peculiar properties of ergot depend on the fungus, or on the morbid grain. Ergot is one of the few articles that act specifically on the uterus, increasing its contractile energy ; and its principal use is as a stimulant to uterine ac- tion in labor, and also to check hemorrhage from that organ, but it has been employed in a variety of other diseases, and especially externally as a styptic. The dose, in substance, to aid labor, is Irom fifteen to twenty grains, to be repeated every twenty minutes, till the desired effect is produced, or till a drachm is taken. Infusion of Ergot. R . Ergot one drachm Boiling water four fl. ounces Infuse. One-third as a dose, to be repeated every twenty minutes. Wood. R . Ergot half a drachm Boiling water one fl. ounce and a-half Infuse for half an hour, and strain. To be repeated every four hours. Ramsbotham. Decoction of Ergot. R. Ergot one ounce Water two pints and a-half Boil to two pints, and strain. A table- spoonful every quarter of an hour. Wine of Ergot. R. Bruised ergot two ounces Sherry wine one pint Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, in labor, two to three fl. drachms ; for other purposes, one to two fl. drachms. Syrup of Ergot. R. Ergot one ounce and a-half White wine two ounces Macerate for eight days, express, and filter; treat the residue three times with water, mix together all the decoctions, and add Sugar one pound Evaporate to consistence of syrup, and add the vinous tincture. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Foy. R. Ergot twenty grains Extract of opium three-quarters of a grain Syrup eight fl. ounces Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce occasionally in engorgements of the uterus. Lisfranc. Tincture of Ergot. R. Ergot two ounces and a-half Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Dose, twenty drops to a fl. drachm. As a sedative. Guy's Hospital. Compound Powder of Ergot. R. Powdered ergot two scruples cubebs one ounce cinnamon half a drachm sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into eight powders ; one to be taken, three or four times a-day, in leucorrhcea or gleet. Ryan. R. Powdered ergot half a drachm Aromatic powder half a scruple Sugar half a drachm Mix, and divide into ten powders. One to be given every hour to three hours, in hemorrhages. Ryan. Ergot Mixture. R. Powdered ergot half a drachm Syrup half a fl. ounce Mint water one fl. ounce Mix. One-third to be taken at a dose, and repeated every twenty minutes; to aid la- bor. Soubeiran. ERIGERON CANADENSE- R. Powdered ergot one drachm Syrup three fl. ounces Tincture of opium twenty drops Essence of bergamot six drops Mix. A spoonful ; to be repeated as may be required. Pierqiiin. Ergot Clyster. R. Powdered ergot one to three drachms Water twelve ounces Boil for ten minutes, and strain. As an enema, to aid labor. Foy. Compound Ergot Pills. R. Powdered ergot half a drachm Extract of gentian one drachm Rub together, and make fifteen pills. In dysmenorrhoea. One pill to be taken three times a-day. Deioees. Ergot Injection. R. Powdered ergot half an ounce Boiling water half a pint Infuse, and strain. As an injection in erythema of the vagina and urethritis. Desriielles. Extract op Ergot. R. Powdered ergot at will Water sufficient Exhaust the ergot by the process of d^place- ment; heat the result on water-bath; filter, and evaporate to consistence of syrup, add alcohol to precipitate gummy principles, permit to rest, decant, and evaporate to consistence of soft extract. Bonjean. Said to be very efficacious in hemorrhages, in doses of two grains every two hours ; also ap- plied as a styptic to bleeding vessels. Extract of Ergot Mixture. R. Extract of ergot fifteen grains Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce Water three fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every quarter of an hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dose to be increased, if requisite. Bonjean. Pills of Extract of Ergot. R. Extract of ergot one drachm Powdered liquorice root sufficient Mix, and make fifty pills. Dose, six to ten, a-day. Oil of Ergot. R. Powdered ergot at will Sulphuric ether sufficient Exhaust ergot by process of displacement; evaporate result by a gentle heat. Wright. Dose, from twenty to fifty drops, in some ap- propriate vehicle, in parturition, &c. In doses of ten drops, every three hours, in diarrhoea, gastric irritability, &c. ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. 197 ERIGERON. 1. ERIGERON CANADENSE. Canada Fleabane. A common native plant, with numerous white flowers, found in waste places, in the northern and middle States. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteracea?. Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1954. Torrey & Gray; Fl. ii. 175. The whole plant is used ; it has a rather plea- sant smell, and a bitterish, acrid, somewhat astringent taste. It is said to be diuretic, tonic, and astringent, and to be useful in dropsies and diarrhasa. Dose, in substance, thirty grains to a drachm. Infusion of Canada Fleabane. R. Canada fleabane one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Dupuy. Extract of Canada Fleabane. R. Canada fleabane one pound Water one gallon Boil down to four pints, filter, and evapo- rate to proper consistence. Dose, five to ten grains. 2. ERIGERON ANNUUM. Fleabane. This species, which has been also called, E. heierophyllum, is very closely allied to, and iden- tical in properties with, E. strigosam {E. Philadel- phicum). It is also a common plant in the United States. Persoon, Synop. ii. 431. Griffith, Med. Bot. 394. The whole plant is used. It has a peculiar, but not unpleasant odor, when bruised, and as- tringent, bitterish taste. It is much celebrated as a diuretic, especially in dysuria of children. Infusion of Fleabane. R. Fleabane Boiling water Infuse. Dose, two to every three or four hours four one ounce one pint fl. ounces, Deweeit. ERYNGIUM. 1. ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. Sea Holly. This plant is a native of Europe, growing on sandy beaches. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- acece. Linn. Sp. PI. 337. Griffith, Med. Bot. 315. It is thought to be diuretic, and was also es- teemed aphrodisiac. The part used is the root, which has a sweet, agreeable taste, and an aro- matic odor. 198 ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM 2. ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. Button Snakeroot. A native species, growing in wet places, from Virginia to Florida. Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2. p. 336. Torrey & Gray, Fl. 1. 604. The root is bitter, aromatic, and pungent. It is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is useful in the same cases to which senega is appropriate. Used to some extent in South Carolina. —EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. EUPATORIUM. BONESET. This, the E.perfoliatum, is a native plant, found in abundance in most parts of the United States, in moist situations. Several other native species are almost identical in their properties, as E. teu- crifolium, E. purpureum, &c. Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. Aster- aceae. The parts used are the leaves and flowers. These have a faint odor, and a peculiar, bitter taste. It is tonic and diaphoretic, and, in large doses, emetic and laxative. Dose, in substance, as a tonic, is twenty to thirty grains. Infusion op Boneset. R. Boneset one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. IT. S. Ph. As a diaphoretic, to be taken freely, warm ; as a tonic, a fl. ounce, cold. Decoction of Boneset. R. Boneset one ounce Water one pint and a-lialf Boil down to a pint. Dose, a wineglassful, or more, as an emetic and catharthic. Compound Infusion op Boneset. R. Boneset Sage, each, half an ounce Cascarilla one drachm Boiling water one pint and a-half Infuse till cold, and strain. A wineglass- ful, every three or four hours. In hectic fever. Ellis. EUPHORBIA. Spurge. 1. EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. Bowman's Root. A native plant, with numerous white flowers, found in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soil. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Eu- phorbiacese. Linn. Sp. PL 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. The root, which is the part used, is large, white, inodorous, and almost tasteless. It is a safe and certain emetic, in doses of fifteen or twenty grains, and diaphoretic in that of three or four. 2. EUPHORBIA IPECAC- UANHA. Wild Ipecacuanha. Also a native plant, with numerous procum- bent stems, and variously shaped leaves. Linn. Sp. PI. 653. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. The root, the part used, is large, white, almost inodorous, and a somewhat sweet taste. It is an energetic emetic, but, like the last species, apt to act on the bowels. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Powder of Wild Ipecac- uanha. R. Powdered wild ipecacuanha opium, each, six grains Sulphate of potassa forty-eight grains Triturate well, and divide into sis pow- ders. As a substitute for Dover's pow- der, to which it is equal, if not superior. W. P. G. Barton. 3. EUPHORBIA HYPERICI- FOLIA. Black Purslane. A small, procumbent, native plant, with leaves often marked with a purple spot. Linn. Sp. PI. 652. Griffith, Med. Bot. 593. The whole plant is used, and is said to be as- tringent and narcotic. It is inodorous, but has a sweetish, somewhat austere taste. It has been recommended in diarrhcea, fluor albus, &c. Infusion of Black Purslane. R . Dried black purslane half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, in dysentery and diarrhcea, a tablespoon- ful, every hour, till the morbid symptoms yield, then less frequently ; in monorrha- gia and leucorrhcea, a wineglassful, three times a-day. Zollickoffer. 4. EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. Mole Plant. A tall species, native of Europe, but often cultivated in this country. Linn. Sp. PI. 655. Lindley, Flor. Med. 194. The seeds, which are the officinal portion, af- ford a purgative oil, which is tasteless, and al- most inodorous. It acts on the bowels, in doses of from four to twelve drops, but is apt to cause nausea and vomiting. EUPHORBIUM— FERRI RAMENTA. 199 Mixture of Oil of Mole Plant. R . Oil of mole plant eight drops Powdered gum Arabic one drachm Sugar two ounces Distilled water three fl. ounces Mix. As a purgative draught. Pichonnier. EUPHORBIUM. EUPHORBIUM Is the concrete resinous juice obtained from several succulent species of euphorbia, princi- pally natives of Africa. It is in the form of tears, or small, irregular masses, of a yellowish, or reddish color. The taste is at first slight, but soon becomes acrid and burning ; the odor is very faint. It is a violent emetic and purgative, and is not used internally ; as an external application it is employed in Europe, and also as a sternuta- tory. Sternutatory of Euphorbium. R. Powdered euphorbium one drachm white hellebore four scruples Mix. Very violent in its action. Pierquin. Oil of Euphorbium. R. Euphorbium one part Olive oil ten parts Digest for ten days, and filter. As a fric- tion in paralysis. Van Mons. Plaster of Euphorbium. R. Pitch Yellow wax, each, three ounces Turpentine one ounce Melt together, and add G-um ammoniac Olibanum Mastich Calamine, each, one ounce Euphorbium Pyrethrum Common salt, each, two ounces Stir, till cold. A stimulating and rube- facient application, known as capuchin ointment. Wirtemberg Ph. EUPHRASIA. Eyebright. The Euphrasia officinalis is a small, annual plant, a native of Europe, and the northern parts of Asia and America. Sex. Syst. Didynam.gymnos. Nat. Syst. Scro- phulariacese. Linn. Sp. PL 841. Lindley, Flor. Med. 506. The whole plant is used. It is slightly bitter and aromatic, and, at one time, was much used in diseases of the eyes. Dr. Kranichfeld says it is peculiarly beneficial in catarrhal ophthalmia, and also in cough and other catarrhal affections. FERRUM. Iron. A solid, hard, malleable, ductile metal, of a sil- very white color, and fibrous texture, attracted by the magnet, of a slight styptic taste, and a faint, but peculiar odor, when rubbed. Oxidiza- ble in the air, and when heated to whiteness, burning with great brilliancy. It is employed medicinally in a great number of forms, both in the metallic form, in those of oxides and salts. All these are powerfully tonic and astringent. FERRI FILUM. Iron Wire. FERRI RAMENTA. Iron Filings. These should always be perfectly pure, when used internally, and in a state of minute divi- sion. Prepared Metallic Iron. R. Iron filings at will Pound in an iron mortar, with great force, sift through a fine sieve, and porphyrize, until all metallic brilliancy has disappear- ed, and again sift. Keep in a perfectly dry place. Paris God. Dose, from five to twenty grains. R. Spread oxide of iron in a tube, heat the tube, and cause a stream of hydrogen gas to pass through it, till the iron is re- duced. Soubeiran. R. Place precipitated carbonate of iron on layers of iron gauze, in a tube of wrought iron, pass a stream of hydrogen through it, heat to a dull red, and maintain this for some hours, keeping up a small current of W. Procter. 200 a FERRI ACETAS Powder or Metallic Iron. Prepared metallic iron ten grams Sugar one drachm Mix. To be given, four times a-day, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Brera. Compound Powder of Metallic Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron Powdered guaia- cuin, each, half a drachm Prepared oyster shell half an ounce Sugar three drachms Mix. Divide into ten powders; one, twice a-day, in scrofula. Goelis. R. Prepared metallic iron Powdered cinna- mon, each, half a drachm Sugar, three drachms Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One every three hours, as a tonic. Guibourt. R . Prepared metallic iron one grain Carbonate of magnesia five grains Powdered cinnamon two grains sugar one scruple Mix. One-half in the morning, the other in the evening, in rachitis. Hufeland. R. Prepared metallic iron Powdered anise Castor, each, two drachms Powdered cinnamon nutmeg, each, one drachm Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One, morning and evening, in chlorosis. St. Marie. Bolus of Prepared Iron. R . Prepared metallic iron Powdered myrrh, each, ten grains Aromatic powder two grains Powder of rosemary half a drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Make a bolus. To be taken morning and evening, in amenorrhcea. Augustin. Pills of Prepared Iron. R . Prepared metallic iron two ounces Extract of wormwood, sufficient Mix, and make six-grain pills. Three or four, morning and evening, in chlorosis, dyspepsia, &c. Soiibeiran. R. Prepared metallic iron one drachm Powdered black hellebore one scruple Extract of gentian two drachms Syrup of saffron sufficient Mix, and form sixty pills. Two, three times a-day, as an emmenagogue. St. Marie. R . Prepared metallic iron half an ounce four scruples Powdered columbo rhubarb cinnamon, each, two scruples Extract of quassia sufficient Mix, and form pills of three grains each. Three to four a-day, as a tonic in debility. Jahn . Aromatic Mixture of Iron. R. Powdered Peruvian bark one ounce Sliced columbo three drachms Bruised cloves two drachms Iron filings half an ounce Digest for three days in a covered vessel, and add as much peppermint water as will yield a mixture of twelve ounces, after filtration, then add compound tinc- ture of cardamom, three ounces, and tinc- ture of orange peel, three drachms. Dub. Ph. As a tonic, in closes of one or two fi. ounces. FERRI ACETAS. Acetate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron one part Acetic acid six parts Digest for three days, and filter. Dub. Ph. Dose, from ten to twenty-five drops, in water. Tincture of Acetate of Dion. R. Acetate of potassa two parts Sulphate of iron one part Rectified spirit twenty-six parts Rub the acetate and sulphate together, dry by a moderate heat, and triturate with spirit. Digest in a closed bottle for seven days, and decant. Dub. Ph. Dose, from thirty drops to a teaspoonful, in some convenient vehicle. Alcoholic Tincture of Acetate of Iron. R. Liquid acetate of iron one part Diluted alcohol seven parts Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Guibourt. Ethereal Tincture of Acetate of Iron. R. Liquid acetate of iron nine ounces Acetic ether one ounce Alcohol two ounces Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Spielmann. Acetate of Iron and Alum. R. Sulphate of iron two parts one part Alum FERRUM AMMONIATUM— FERRI BROMIDUM. Boiling water ten parts Filter the solution, and gradually add so- lution of subacetate of lead till precipita- tion ceases ; let rest, and filter ; evaporate to consistence of a jelly. As a marking ink; it resists alkalies, but not acids. Guibourt. R. FERRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. Subcarbonate of iron three ounces Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces Muriate of am- monia two pounds and a-half Distilled water four pints Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, in a glass vessel, and digest for two hours, then add the muriate of ammonia, pre- viously dissolved in the water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. IT. S. Ph. Said to be useful in amenorrhcea, scrofula, epi- lepsy, &c. Dose, four to twelve grains, several times a-day. Compound Powder op Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron Powdered quassia, each, two drachms Powdered chamomile half an ounce Mix, and divide into twenty-four pow- ders. One, four times a-day, as a febri- fuge. R. Ammoniated iron Gum ammoniac Powdered senega liquorice Mix, and divide into Wurtzburg Ph. five grains three grains five grains one drachm twelve powders. One, every three hours, in gonorrhoea. Foy. Bolus of Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron five grains Aromatic powder twelve grains Mucilage sufficient Mix, and make bolus. One to be taken twice a-day, in chlorosis and scrofula. Ainslie. Pills op Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron Calbanum, each, one drachm Assafetida two drachms Castor one scruple Tincture of valerian sufficient Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Two, morning and evening, in atonic nervous disorders. Radius. R. Ammoniated iron Aromatic powder 201 Extract of Peruvian bark Alum, each, half a drachm Oil of cinnamon twelve drops Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Five to ten, morning and even- ing, in asthenic menorrhagia. Formey. Mixture op Ammoniated Iron. R. Powdered galanga rhubarb, each, half a drachm Boiling water sufficient to obtain three ounces of strained solution, add Ammoniated iron six grains Peppermint sugar four grains Mix. A dessertspoonful, every three hours, in indigestion and chronic diar- rhoea of children. Wendt. Tincture op Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron four ounces Proof spirit one pint Dissolve, and filter. Dose, forty to sixty drops. Lond. Ph. FERRI ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Iron. R. Solution of sulphate of iron at will Add gradually a solution of arseniate of potassa, collect, and wash the precipitate. Pills of Arseniate of Iron. R . Arseniate of iron three grains Extract of hops two drachms Powdered mallows half a drachm Syrup sufficient Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. One or two to be given, daily, in scrofu- lous, herpetic, and cancerous affections. Biett. Ointment of Arseniate of Iron. R. Arseniate of iron half a drachm Phosphate of iron two drachms Spermaceti cerate six drachms Triturate together. As an application to cancerous ulcers. To be used with great caution. Carmichael. FERRI BROMIDUM. Bromide of Lion. R. Bromine one part Distilled water twenty parts Iron filings sufficient Boil on a sand-bath; when the solution becomes greenish, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Magendic. Pills op Bromide of Iron. R . Bromide of iron twelve grains 202 FERRI CARBONAS. Conserve of roses eighteen grains Gum Arabic twelve grains Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, in the morning and evening, as a tonic and al- terative. Magendie. R. Bromide of iron one drachm Extract of liquorice sufficient Mix, and make sixty pills. One or two, in the morning and evening, in scrofula, &c. Radius. Ointment of Bromide of Iron. R . Bromide of iron one drachm Bromine twelve grains Lard one ounce Mix. In frictions on the inside of the thighs, in amenorrhoea. Cadet FERRI CARBONAS. Carbonate of Iron. From the avidity with which carbonate of iron absorbs oxygen from the air and loses its carbonic acid, it is a very unstable preparation, and therefore what is usually prescribed under this name is merely a subcarbonate, or sesqui- oxide ; by combination with saccharine matter ; it, however, is protected from the oxidizing pro- cess, to a very great extent. Saccharine Carbonate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron four ounces * Carbonate of soda five ounces Pure sugar two ounces Water four pints Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in half the water, add the solutions to- gether, collect the precipitate, divest it of as much water as possible, and immediately triturate it with the sugar. Dry it at a low temperature. Ed. Ph. Dose, from five to thirty grains. Pills of Carbonate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron four ounces Carbonate of soda five ounces Clarified honey two ounces and a-half Syrup Boiling water, each, sufficient Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in a pint of water, adding to each solution one fl. ounce of syrup ; mix the two solu- tions in a bottle just large enough to hold the mixture, close accurately with a stopper, and set by to let the carbonate of iron subside; decant, wash, precipitate with water sweetened with syrup, until the washings cease to be saline, express, in flannel, as much of the water as possible, and mix with the honey. Heat over a water-bath, to proper consistence. This is known as Vallet's carbonate of iron. Dose, from ten to thirty grains, in the course of the day, where iron is indicated. U. S. Ph. Subcarbonate of Lron. R. Sulphate of iron eight ounces Carbonate of soda nine ounces Boiling water one gallon Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in four pints of the water, mix the solu- tions, stir, set by for powder to subside, decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with gen- tle heat. U. S. Ph. Dose, five to thirty grains, or even more, seve- ral times a-day. Powder of Subcarbonate of Lron. R. Subcarbonate of iron one drachm Divide into six powders. One every six hours, in syrup. In chorea, neuralgia, &c. Ellis. Mixture of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Powdered myrrh one drachm Sulphate of iron one scruple Carbonate of potassa one drachm Sugar two drachms Water six fl. ounces Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, according to circumstances. Ellis. R. Myrrh one drachm Carbonate of potassa twenty-five grains Rose-water seven fl. ounces and a-half Powdered sulphate of iron one scruple Spirit of lavender half a fl. ounce White sugar one drachm Rub the myrrh with the rose water, gradu- ally added, mix with the spirit of lavender sugar and carbonate of potassa, and, lastly, the iron; pour into a well-stopped bottle, and keep closed. U. S. Ph. These are well known under the name of Griffith's antihectic mixture. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, in chlorosis, debility of the gastric organs, &c. R. Subcarbonate of iron Carbonate of potassa, each, four ounces Black hellebore two ounces Water sufficient Boil, after macerating for some days, stir- ring from time to time; then let settle, decant, and evaporate to consistence of an extract, and add to this Spirit of scurvy grass three times its weight And filter. Forty to sixty drops, in hypo- chondria, melancholia, &c. Palat. Ph. FERRI CARBURETUM. 203 Artificial Chalybeate Water. R. Water fifty pints Carbonate of lime five drachms magnesia ten drachms Black oxide of iron two drachms Sulphate of magnesia six drachms Common salt one drachm Mix, and condense a thousand cubic inches of carbonic acid in the solution. Swediaur. Compound Pills or Subcarbonate op Iron. R. Powdered foxglove half a drachm yew leaves Carbonate of iron, each, one drachm Ergot two drachms Syrup sufficient Mix, and make two hundred and fifty pills. Two to eight a-day, with an infusion of savine, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Newman. R. Powdered myrrh two drachms Carbonate of soda Sulphate of iron, each, one drachm Syrup sufficient Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of soda, then add the sulphate of iron, and rub well; beat with syrup into a mass, and divide into eighty pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to six pills, three times a-day. R. Sulphate of iron Bicarbonate of po- tassa, each, two drachms Powdered mallow root, thirty-six grains Gum Arabic eighteen grains Beat with water into a mass, and form forty-eight pills. R. Sulphate of iron Myrrh, each, two scruples Carbonate of potassa Soap, each, half a drachm Beat together, and form forty pills. Dose, two, three times a-day, as an emmena- gogue. Ellis. R. Subcarbonate of iron Extract of conium, each, one drachm Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. Two to be taken twice a-day. Given in fluor albus and scrofula. A. T. Thomson. Iron Wine. R . Carbonate of iron one ounce and a-half Contused orange peel gentian, each, half an ounce Port wine two pints Mix, and digest at moderate heat for three days, repeatedly agitating. Chapman. Iron Plaster. R. Subcarbonate of iron three ounces Lead plaster two pounds Burgundy pitch half a pound Add the subcarbonate to the other in- gredients previously melted together, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. As a strengthening plaster, in pains, and want of power in the muscles. FERRI CARBURETUM. Carburet op Iron. This article, well known as Plumbago, or Black Lead, has been highly recommended, of late years, in cutaneous affections, and is recog- nized as officinal by many of the pharmacopoeias of continental Europe. Prepared Carburet op Iron. R. Pulverized carburet of iron one pound Boil in water for an hour, decant, and di- gest in eight ounces of water, mixed with two ounces of nitric and muriatic acids ; digest for twenty-four hours, decant, and wash well with water, and dry. Dose, from five to fifteen grains, two or three times a-day. Pruss. Ph. Powder op Carburet op Iron. R . Powdered carburet of iron Sugar, each, half a drachm Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every hour, in lepra and lichen. Radius. Pills op Carburet op Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron Extract of bittersweet, each, one drachm Calomel twelve grains G-olden sulphuret of antimony six grains Extract of liquorice sufficient Mix, and form sixty pills. Dose, five, three times a-day. Niemann. Electuary op Carburet op Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron Flowers of sulphur Crude antimony, each, half an ounce Black oxide of mercury one scruple Wild violet Extract of pulsatilla bittersweet, each, two drachms Camphor one drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Mix. To be used in eight days, in tea- spoonful doses. Phoebus. 204 Mixture or Carburet op Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron Flowers in sulphur, each, one drachm Triturate together, and add Barley water one pint To be taken in four doses. In psora, &c. Br era. Ointment op Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, half an ounce Flowers of zinc one drachm Lard one ounce Triturate together. As an application in herpetic affections. Brera. R. Powdered carburet of iron, one ounce Flowers of sulphur four scruples Rose ointment six ounces Mix. Taddei. Plaster op Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron one part Soap plaster four parts Triturate together. Giordano. FERRI CHLORIDUM. FERRI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron at will Muriatic acid sufficient to dissolve the carbonate, evaporate to dry- ness, by a water-bath. Cottereau. R. Peroxide of iron five ounces Muriatic acid nineteen fl. ounces Boil for ten minutes, then evaporate to fifteen ounces, filter. Place under a bell- glass, with a vessel containing caustic po- tassa ; in a few days mammillary granules will form ; separate these, and preserve in a glass-stoppered bottle. Beral. Chloride of Iron and Acetate of Lead. R. Liquid chloride of iron four ounces Evaporate to one-half, and add Acetate of lead four ounces Dry, and pulverize. Four to twelve grains in hemorrhages. Cadet de Gassicourt. Tincture of Chloride of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron half a pound Muriatic acid one pint Alcohol three pints Pour the acid on the subcarbonate; digest for three days, shaking occasionally, set by to settle, decant, and add the alcohol to the clear solution. U. S. Ph. An active and energetic preparation; tonic, diuretic, styptic, &c. Dose, ten to thirty drops, gradually increased, two or three times a-day. Syrup of Chloride of Iron. R. Chloride of iron one part Syrup twenty-three parts Dissolve. Dose, one to four drachms. Beral. Chloride of Iron Mixture. R. Saffron half a drachm Water four fl. ounces Infuse for an hour, strain, and add Chloride of iron half a drachm Syrup of valerian two ounces ! Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful several times ! a-day, in hemorrhages or chlorosis. Cadet de Gassicourt. R. Mallow root two drachms Water sufficient to obtain two ounces of decoction, strain, and add Gum Arabic two drachms Chloride of iron half a scruple Syrup of mallows six drachms Mix . Two teaspoonfuls, every hour or two, in softening of the stomach. Radius. R. Tincture of chloride of iron Compound tincture of aloes, each, half a fl. ounce Tincture of castor two fl. drachms Mix. Ten to thirty drops, three times a-day, in infusion of chamomile, as an emmenagogue. Ellis. Ethereal, or Bestercheffe's Tinc- ture of Chloride of Iron. R. Chloride of iron one part Sulphuric ether four parts Mix, and add Alcohol eight parts Van Mons. R. Tincture of chloride of iron Sulphuric ether equal parts Guibourt. R. Chloride of iron Hoffmann's anodyne one part seven parts Beral. These are active preparations. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Tincture of Chloride of Lion. R. Muriatic acid two ounces (troy) Protocarbonate of iron q. s. to saturate Honey two ounces and a-half Alcohol sufficient Saturate the acid with the carbonate, add the honey and sufficient alcohol to make nineteen fl. ounces; after standing six hours, filter. W. Procter. FERRI CITRAS— FERRI FERROCYANURETUM. 205 FERRI CITRAS. Citrate op Iron. R. Crystals of citric acid three parts Hydrated oxide of iron (dry) two parts Distilled water at 180° twelve parts Dissolve, filter, and evaporate to consist- ence of syrup, spread in thin layers, and dry. Duhamel. Liquid Citrate of Iron. R. Citrate of iron four ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve, with the aid of heat, and evapor- ate until the solution measures half a pint. W. Procter. Syrup op Citrate of Iron. R. Liquid citrate of iron one ounce Syrup fifteen ounces Spirit of citron two drachms Mix. Dose, two drachms to an ounce. Beral. Wine of Citrate of Iron. R . Liquid citrate of iron eight scruples Rhine wine sixteen ounces Digest for two or three days, and filter. Beral. Aromatic Wine of Citrate of Iron. R . Iron filings one ounce Lemon juice three fl. ounces Contused gentian half an ounce cinnamon two drachms Rhine wine sixteen ounces Digest for twenty-four hours, and decant. The dose is a drachm to a fl. ounce, two or three times a-day. Hamburgh Cod. R . Iron filings four ounces Bitter oranges four Beat them together, and at the end of two days, add to the mixture Madeira wine ten fl. ounces Spirit of orange peel two fl. ounces Digest, and then express and filter. Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. Batav. Ph. Said to be one of the best compounds of iron. Tincture of Citrate of Iron. R. Liquid citrate of iron two ounces Diluted alcohol thirteen fl. ounces Spirit of citron one fl. ounce Mix. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Beral. Syrup of Citrate of Iron. \i. Moist protocarbonate of iron, (prepared as directed for Vallet's mass, and washed with sweetened water) at will Dissolve in a slight excess of citric acid, dissolved in water, and evaporate to dry- ness to make the syrup. R. Citrate of iron one ounce Syrup five fl. ounces Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops to a tea- spoonful. E. Parrish. Ammonio Citrate of Iron. R. Liquid citrate of iron one ounce Water of ammonia sufficient to saturate the excess of acid. More solu- ble than the citrate. Beral. Citrate of Iron and Quinia. R Liquid citrate of iron four parts Solution of citrate of quinia one part Mix, and evaporate. As a tonic, in doses of five grains, three times a-day. Beral. FERRI FERROCYANU- RETUM. Prussian Blue. R. Sulphate of iron four ounces Sulphuric acid three fl. drachms and a-half Nitric acid six fl. drachms Ferrocyanuret of potassium four ounces and a-half Water two pints Dissolve the sulphate in a pint of the wa- ter, add the sulphuric acid, and boil. Add the nitric acid in small portions, boil- ing for a few moments after each addition, till a dark color is no longer produced, and allow to cool. Dissolve the ferrocy- anuret in the rest of the water, and add the solution by degrees, to the first liquid, stirring each time. Filter, wash the pre- cipitate with boiling water, until the wash- ings are tasteless. Dry, and powder. U. S. Ph. Tonic, febrifuge, and alterative. Dose, three to five grains, several times a-day, gradually in- creased till some effect is produced. Powder of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue twelve grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every two hours. In epilepsy. Radius, Compound Powder of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue twelve grains White pepper Mustard, each, half an ounce Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every quarter of an hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 206 FERRI GALLAS— FERRI IODIDUM. R. Prussian blue Powdered guaia- cum, each, half to one drachm Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, three times a-day, in intermittents. Em. Pills of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue eighteen to thirty-six grains Gum ammoniac Extract of dandelion Rhubarb, each, one drachm Mix. Four to six, twice a-day. In dis- ease of the ganglionic system. Radius. Mixture of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue one ounce Parsley water six ounces Cherry laurel water two drachms Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day. In stone and gravel. Radius. Ointment of Prussian Blue. R. Codliver oil one ounce Prussian blue twenty-four grains Cyanide of mercury eight grains Oil of cherry laurel four drops Mix. As an application in strumous oph- thalmia. Canon de Villards. Blue Ink. R. Pure Prussian blue six parts Oxalic acid one part Triturate with a little water, to a perfectly smooth paste, then dilute with water, to a proper consistence. A little gum may be added to prevent the fluid from spreading. Moiir. FERRI GALLAS. Gallate of Iron. This is not used in medicine, but, with the tannate of iron, forms the basis of writing ink. Writing Ink. R. Aleppo galls, bruised, twelve pounds Water six gallons Boil in a copper vessel for an hour, add- ing water, to supply loss by evaporation, strain • boil residue with four gallons of water, for half an hour, and again boil with two gallons of water ; mix decoctions, and add Sulphate of iron four pounds Contused gum Arabic three pounds and a-half Agitate, permit to settle, strain through fine hair sieve, and keep in close vessels. Lewis. R. Powdered galls Rasped logwood Gum Arabic Sulphate of iron copper Sugar candy, each, Gum ammoniac Water Alcohol Macerate for forty-eight tie heat, let rest for ten into bottles. eight pounds four pounds three pounds four pounds one pound two ounces sixteen pints half a pint hours, with a gen- days, and decant Sunt. R. Powdered galls fifty parts Water eight hundred parts Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Sulphate of iron Gum Arabic, each, twenty-five parts When clear, add a solution of Muriate of ammonia eight parts Gum Arabic two parts Boiling water sixteen parts Oil of lavender one part Said to be indelible. Guibourt. R. Bruised galls forty ounces Gum Arabic ten ounces Sulphate of iron nine ounces Soft water forty-five fl. ounces Macerate for three weeks, often stirring. A very permanent ink. English Exchequer. FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. R. Iodine two ounces Iron filings one ounce Distilled water one pint and a-half Mix the iodine with a pint of the water, in a glass vessel, gradually add the iron filings, constantly stirring. Heat till li- ! quid becomes of a light greenish color, filter and wash residuum with remainder of water, boiling hot. Evaporate liquid to dryness, in an iron vessel, at a heat not above 212°. Keep in well-closed bottle. U. S. Ph. Tonic, alterative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose, three grains, gradually increased to eight, or more. Lozenges of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron thirty grains Saffron half a drachm Mucilage of tragacanth Infusion of cinnamon, each, sufficient Mix, and make two hundred and forty lozenges. Fifteen to twenty a-day, gra- FERRI IODIDUM. 207 dually augmenting; in amenorrhea and leucorrhoea. Pierquin. Pills of Iodide op Iron. R. Iodide of iron one drachm Bromide of sodium half a drachm Extract of liquorice sufficient Mix, and form pills of two grains. One to three, morning and evening, in scrofula, &c. Wernick. Pills or Proto-Iodide op Iron. R. Crystallized sulphate of iron 24.7 grains Iodide of potassium 32.4 grains Gum tragaeanth 4.6 grains Sugar 15.4 grains Syrup of marsh mallows Powder of marsh mallows, each, sufficient Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Reduce the sulphate to a fine powder, then the iodide of potassium ; triturate the mixture, then add the gum, sugar, and syrup, and, if necessary, the powder of marshmallow. Each contains .8 of a grain of dry iodide, or 1.09 of the hydrated iodide of iron. Keep in closed bottles, in a dry place. Callond. Solution op Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron one drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix. Six, to ten drops, three times a- day, in some cold water. Ellis R. Iodide of iron twenty -four grains Distilled water one fl. ounce Dissolve. A teaspoonful is a dose; this contains three grains. Ellis. Officinal Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodine two ounces Iron filings one ounce Clarified honey five fl. ounces Distilled water sufficient Mix the iodine with ten fl. ounces of the water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, gradually add the iron filings, constantly stirring. Heat gently till the mixture becomes of a light greenish color, add honey, continue heat for a short time, and filter. Wash the residuum on filter, and allow to pass till the whole of the filtered liquid amounts to twenty fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. Dose, from thirty to seventy-five drops. Syrup of Iodide of Dion. R. Dry iodine two hundred grains Pine iron wire, well cleaned, one hundred grains White sugar, in powder, four ounces and a-half Distilled water six fl. ounces Boil the iodine, iron, and water, together, in a glass matrass ; at first gently, to avoid the expulsion of iodine vapor, afterwards briskly, till about two fl. ounces remain. Filter this quickly, while hot, into a ma- trass containing the sugar, dissolve with a gentle heat, and add distilled water to make up six fl. ounces. Twelve minims contain one grain of iodide of iron. Ed. Ph. Syrup op Proto-Iodide op Iron. R . Sulphate of iron one drachm and a-half Iodide of potassium two drachms Water half an ounce Syrup one ounce and a-half Rub the salts together, dissolve them in the water, add the syrup, and bottle at once. W. Procter. Wine of Iodide of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron eight parts Iodide of potas- sium, ten and a-half parts White wine three hundred and twenty parts Pulverize the two salts, adding a few drops of wine, triturate for a few moments, add the rest of the wine, and filter. To be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Thirty- two parts contain one of the iodide. Callond. R. Iodide of iron half an ounce Claret wine one pint Dissolve. A dessertspoonful, morning and evening. Soubeiran. Tincture op Iodide of Iron. R . Iodide of iron one drachm Alcohol Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce Mix. Thirty drops to a fl. drachm, twice a-day. Foy. Tincture of Proto-Iodide of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron eight parts Iodide of potas- sium ten and a-half parts Alcohol (.842) one hundred and sixty parts Triturate the salts, separately, and then together; add alcohol, and filter. To be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Sixteen parts contain one of iodide of iron. Callond. Mixture of Iodide op Iron. R. Iodide of iron sixteen grains 208 FERRI LACTAS— FERRI MALAS. Compound tincture of gentian one fl. ounce Distilled water seven fl ounces Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day. Ashicell. Injection op Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron half an ounce Distilled water one pint Dissolve. As an injection, or lotion, in amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. R . Iodide of iron three grains Distilled water six fl. ounces Dissolve. In gonorrhoea, strength to be increased if required. Ricord. Syrup op Iodide and Chloride op Dion. R. Iodine three hundred and eighty-four grains Muriatic acid (1.16) four ounces and a-half Powdered sugar twelve ounces Iron filings Distilled water, each, sufficient Mix the acid with an ounce and a-half of clear iron filings; allow to stand; agitate occasionally, when neutralized, filter. Mix the iodine with three ounces of water in a flask, add half the weight of iron filings, agitate till all the iodine is combined, and filter. Mix the solutions, add the sugar, and as much water as will make a pint. W. Procter. Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Dion Mixture. R. Syrup of iodide and chloride of iron two drachms Syrup of orange peel four drachms Infusion of cascarilla four fl. ounces Mix. One-fourth to be taken twice a-day. Battley. Bath of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron two ounces Water two hundred pints In leucorrhoea, amenorrhoea, chlorosis, &c. The quantity of iodide may be increased gradually to double, for adults. Pierquin. Ointment of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron one drachm and a-half Lard one ounce Triturate together. A piece as large as a hazelnut to be rubbed on the inside of the thigh, morning and evening, in leucorrhoea, and amenorrhoea, also beneficial in glandu- lar swellings. Pierquin. FERRI LACTAS. Lactate of Dion. R . Lactate of lime one hundred parts Boiling water five hundred parts Dissolve. Pure sulphate of iron sixty-eight parts Distilled water five hundred parts Dissolve Mix the two solutions; filter, add an ex- cess of lactic acid, heat in a water-bath, stirring constantly; filter, to separate the sulphate of lime, evaporate rapidly either in an iron vessel or porcelain one, with the addition of some iron filings; filter, and crystallize, wash the crystals with alcohol, and dry. Lepage. Used in same cases as other preparations of iron. Dose, one or two grains, frequently re- Lozenges op Lactate op Iron. R. Lactate of iron one drachm Sugar one ounce and a-half Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Cap. Pills op Lactate of Iron. R. Lactate of iron Powdered mallows equal parts Clarified honey sufficient Make pills of ten grains each. Cap. Syrup of Lactate of Iron. R. Lactate of iron one drachm White sugar twelve ounces and a-half Boiling distilled water six fl. ounces and a-half Triturate the lactate with half an ounce of the sugar, dissolve quickly in the boiling- water, pour the solution into a matrass, place on a sand-bath, add the rest of the sugar gradually; when dissolved, filter, and when cold, pour in well-stopped bot- Dose, from two to four fl. drachms. Cap. FERRI MALAS. Malate of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron at will Juice of sour apples sufficient Heat the juice to the boiling point, add the oxide, as long as any is dissolved, cool, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, eight grains to a scruple. Van Mons. Solution of Malate of Dion. R. Malate of iron one ounce FERRI NITRAS-FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. Water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve, and filter. As an astringent, in doses of a fl. drachm. Spielmann. Tincture of Malate of Iron. R. Malate of iron one part Cinnamon water Alcohol, each, three parts Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, forty to sixty drops. Austrian Ph. Mixture of Malate of Iron. R. Extract of Peruvian bark gentian, each, one drachm Peppermint water Chamomile water, each, one fl. ounce Malate of iron half a drachm To be taken in divided doses, in dyspepsia, &c. Augustin. Bitter Infusion of Iron. R.Iron filings three ounces Bruised ginger gentian, each, one ounce orange peel half an ounce Infuse in a pint of strong old cider for a month, frequently agitating, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to one drachm, thrice daily, as a tonic. FERRI NITRAS. Nitrate of Iron. R. Red oxide of iron four drachms Nitric acid six fl. drachms Dissolve, and add Water one fl. ounce Filter. Dose, six to twelve drops, in a convenient vehicle. In dyspepsia, and cal- culous complaints. Swediaur. Solution of Persesquinitrate of Iron. R. Iron wire (cut small) one ounce and a-half Nitric acid three fl. ounces Water fifteen fl. ounces Dissolve, decant, and filter, add Muriatic acid one fl. drachm Diluted with sufficient water to make the whole twenty fl. ounces. Dose, ten drops several times a-day, gradually increasing. Has been of great benefit in chronic diar- rhoea, &c. Kerr. FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. Hydra ted Oxide of Dion. R. Sulphate of iron four ounces Sulphuric acid three fl. drachms and a-half 14 209 Nitric acid six fl. drachms Solution of ammonia sufficient Water two pints Dissolve the sulphate in the water, gradu- ally add the sulphuric acid, boil, add nitric acid very gradually, boiling after each ad- dition, till no dark color is produced. Fil- ter, allow to cool, add solution of ammonia, stirring well. Wash precipitate with water, as long as washings give a precipitate with chloride of barium. Keep in close bottles, under water. U. S. Ph. Used, in large doses, as an antidote to arsenic. FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. Black Oxide of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron six ounces Sulphuric acid two fl. drachms, twofl. scruples Pure nitric acid four fl. drachms and a-half Stronger water of am- monia four fl. ounces and a-half Boiling water three pints Dissolve half the sulphate in half the water, add the sulphuric acid, and boil; add the nitric acid, gradually, boiling briskly after each addition. Dissolve the rest of the sulphate in the remainder of the water, mix the two solutions, and imme- diately add the ammonia, stirring briskly. Collect the precipitate on a muslin filter, wash in water till the washings scarcely give a precipitate with nitrate of baryta; dry, at a low temperature. Ed. Ph. R. Wash blacksmiths' scales with water, dry, separate metallic iron by means of magnet, reduce to powder, and proceed as for prepared chalk. Dub. Ph. R. Iron filings, any quantity; place in an earthenware pan, wet thoroughly with water; in an hour, heap up on an iron plate; twelve hours afterwards, moisten with hot water, and repeat this in twelve hours, and, a day afterwards, triturate with cold water, decant the turbid* water, let it settle, collect the deposit on a filter, and when perfectly drained dry by a mild heat. Par. Cod. These do not give identical products, but they are sufficiently alike to be used for the same purposes. Powder of Black Oxide of Iron. R . Black oxide of iron three parts Aromatic powder six parts Sugar eight parts 210 FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM-FERRI SULPHAS. Mix. Dose, thirty to forty grains, twice a-day, in leucorrhoea and rachitis. Sicediaur. R. Black oxide of iron Columbo, each, one drachm Rind of bitter orange half an ounce Cinnamon one scruple Mix, and divide into nine powders. Three to be given a-day, in chlorosis and amen- orrhoea. Brera. Pills of Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron eight grains Powdered saffron valerian, each, sixteen grains Syrup of wormwood sufficient Mix, and form eight pills; four to eight a-day, in amenorrhcea. Foy. R. Black oxide of iron Powdered winter's bark, each, one drachm Extract of ox bile centaury, each, three drachms Mix, and form pills of four grains. Four to six a-day, in engorgements of the ab- dominal viscera. Pierquin. Electuary of Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron half an ounce Carbonate of potassa two scruples Prepared chalk Ginger, each, two drachms Syrup of orange-peel sufficient Mix well. Dose, half a drachm, two or three times a-day, in chlorosis and leucor- rhoea. Swediaur. R. Black oxide of iron Soap, each, one drachm Extract of hemlock twelve grains squill one scruple Oxymel sufficient Mix well. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy, with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. Brera. FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Oxide of Dion. R. Sulphate of iron, any quantity; heat till water of crystallization is expelled, then roast by a powerful heat, till all acid is driven off, wash, till all traces of acid disappear, dry. Dub. Ph. Astringent and tonic, and has been advised in neuralgia, &c, in doses of five to fifteen grains, but is inferior to the subcarbonate. Pills of Red Oxide of Dion. R. Red oxide of iron Powder of pot marygold Extract of pot marygold, each, one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and form ninety pills. Highly spoken of in cancerous affections; five to eight to be taken, three times a-day. Rust. Red Oxide of Dion Plaster. R. Litharge plaster two pounds Frankincense half a pound Red oxide of iron three ounces Melt the plaster and frankincense together, add the oxide, and stir well. Dub. Ph. As a strengthening plaster, in muscular relax- ation and weakness. R. Lead plaster twenty-four parts Resin six parts Olive oil Yellow wax, each, three parts Red oxide of iron eight parts Triturate the oxide with the oil, and add to a mixture of the other substances, melt- ed together. Guibourt. FERRI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Dion. R. Sulphate of iron five ounces Phosphate of soda six ounces Water one gallon Dissolve the sulphate and phosphate, each, in four pints of the water, mix the solu- tions, and let settle; decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Used with advantage in amenorrhcea, and certain cases of dyspepsia. Dose, five to ten grains. FERRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Dion. R. Iron wire, in small pieces, twelve ounces Sulphuric acid eighteen ounces Water one gallon Mix the acid and water, and add the iron ; heat till effervescence ceases. Pour off the solution, add half a drachm of sul- phuric acid, filter, the end of the funnel touching the bottom of the receiving ves- sel. Evaporate in a matrass, set aside to crystallize in a covered vessel, drain crys- tals in a funnel, dry, and keep in well- closed bottles. U. S. Ph. Astringent and tonic. Dose, from one to five grains. FERRI SULPHAS. 211 Dried Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron at will Heat over a moderate fire, in a porcelain vessel, till converted into grayish white mass, cool, and powder. Ed. Ph. Three grains are equal to five of the undried. Powder op Sulphate of Iron. R. Powdered sulphate of iron four grains ginger ten to sixteen grains Mix. To be taken twice a-day, in ame- norrhoea, chlorosis, &c. Saunders. R. Powdered sulphate of iron half an ounce tansy three ounces Mix. Dose, a drachm. As a vermifuge. Dan. Ph. Pills of Sulphate of Iron. R. Dried sulphate of iron two parts Extract of dandelion five parts Conserve of red roses two parts Powdered liquorice root three parts Beat together, and form into five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. R. Sulphate of iron two drachms Extract of wormwood half an ounce Syrup of saffron sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- dred and fifty pills. Four to five, three times a-day. In chlorosis, leucorrhoea, &c. Werthof. R. Sulphate of iron Kino Gentian Extract of gen- tian, each, one drachm and a-half Turpentine three drachms Powdered mallow root sufficient Beat into mass, and make two hundred and seventy pills. Ten, four times a-day, in secondary gonorrhoea. Watch. Bland's Anti-Chlorotic Pills. R . Sulphate of iron, in fine powder one ounce Carbonate of potassa, in dry powder one ounce Mucilage of tragacanth Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient To make ninety-nine pills. Triturate well, and divide into pills. To be taken, one in the morning and evening, for the first three days, a third pill at noon for the next three days, and so increased to nine a-day. Bland. Pills op Iron and Rhubarb. R. Dried sulphate of iron four parts Extract of rhubarb ten parts Conserve of red roses five parts Beat into mass, and form five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. Tonic and laxative. In dose of two or three. Compound Sulphate of Iron Pills. R. Sulphate of iron one scruple Powdered senna jalap cremor tar- tar, each, half a scruple ginger twelve grains Syrup sufficient Form mass, and divide into twenty-five pills. Ellis. These are known as Hooper's pills, as are also the following : — R. Barbadoes aloes eight ounces Sulphate of iron four ounces Extract of hellebore Myrrh Soap, each, two ounces Powdered cinnamon ginger, each, one ounce Water sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into two and a-half grain pills. Phil. Coll. Pharm. As laxative and emmenagogue. R. Dried sulphate of iron one scruple Powdered aloes two scruples cloves five grains Venice turpentine sufficient Form mass, and divide into twenty pills. One, three times a-day, as an emmena- gogue. Ellis. Solution of Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron Alum, each, six ounces Water forty-eight ounces Dissolve, filter, and add Sulphuric acid four ounces In hemorrhages, in doses of ten or twelve drops in water. JSpielmann. Sulphate of Iron Injection. R . Sulphate of iron half to one drachm Sage water four ounces Mucilage gum Arabic half a drachm Mix. As an injection, in nasal and uter- ine hemorrhages. Berends. Compound Iron Mixture. R. Myrrh one drachm and a-half Oil of partridge berry six drops nutmeg two drops Carbonate of potassa two scruples White sugar one ounce Sulphate of iron half a drachm Distilled water seven fl. ounces 212 FERRI SULPHURETUM— FERRI ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. Rub down the myrrh and the oils with some of the water added very gradually, then add the carbonate of potassa and sugar, and lastly the sulphate of iron, dissolved in the rest of the water, and immediately bottle. Bond. Mixture op Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron two grains Sulphuric acid four to six drops White sugar one drachm Water four fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, with water, every two to four hours, as a tonic. Ellis. R. Sulphate of iron four grains Elixir of vitriol twenty drops Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, in a wineglass of water, three times a-day. Ellis. R. Powdered myrrh one drachm gum Arabic two drachms Syrup one fl. ounce Infusion of chamomile six fl. ounces Mix well, and add Powdered sulphate of iron fifteen grains Cinnamon water one fl. ounce Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three hours, .as an eminenagogue. Frank. Syrup op Sulphate op Iron. R. Sulphate of iron two drachms Water one fl. ounce Dissolve, filter, and add Syrup of gum Arabic seventeen fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, twice a-day, in chlorosis, leucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. FERRI SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF IRON. Heat an iron rod to a white heat, apply to it a roll of sulphur, receiving the sulphuret of iron in water ; separate it from the sul- phur, dry, and keep in a well -stopped bottle. ' Dub. Ph. Used to make hydrosulphirric acid, by the ad- dition of diluted sulphuric acid. FERRI ET POTASS^ TARTRAS. Tartrate of Iron and Potassa. R. Subcarbonate of iron three ounces Muriatic acid ten fl. ounces Solution of potassa five pints and a-half Bitartrate of potassa seven ounces and a-half Distilled water one gallon and a-half Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, digest for two hours, pour into a gallon of the water, let rest for an hour, decant, add solution of potassa, wash precipitate, and whilst moist, mix with the bitartrate and half a gallon of the water, keep at a tem- perature of 140° for thirty hours, often stirring; filter, and evaporate on a water- bath, at same temperature, to dryness. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm, in solution, or with an aromatic or bitter, in bolus. Powder of Tartrate of Iron and Columbo. R. Tartrate of iron and potassa two scruples Powdered columbo half a drachm Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three or four hours, in syrup. As a tonic. Ellis. Effervescent Powder of Tartrate of Dion. R . Subcarbonate of magnesia two drachms Carbonate of potassa half an ounce Tartrate of iron two scruples Two or three teaspoonfuls in water, during the day; to be taken whilst effervescing. Radius. Solution of Tartrate of Dion and Potassa. R. Tartrate of iron and potassa one ounce Cinnamon water one pint Dissolve; as a lotion or fomentation for bruises. Internally in leucorrhoea, chloro- sis, &c. Swediaur. Compound Wine of Tartrate of Dion. R. Subcarbonate of iron one ounce and a-half Powdered gentian orange peel, each, half an ounce Red wine two pints Macerate for three days, and give a wine- glassful two or three times a-day. In dyspepsia, &c. Ellis. R. Subcarbonate of iron two ounces Powdered cinnamon one ounce Rhine wine two pints Macerate for some days, and filter. Van Mons. Wine of Tartrate of Dion. R. Subcarbonate of iron one part Rhine wine tw.enty-four parts Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, one or two ounces. Soubeiran. FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS-FICUS. Compound Tincture of Tartrate of Iron. R. Tartrate of iron wine Tincture of calamus Hoffmann's balsamic elixir, each, four fl. drachms Mix. Dose, seventy drops, morning and evening, in wine. Said to be an excellent remedy in ascarides. Dor/meuller. FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS. Ammonio-Tartrate of Iron. R . Tartaric acid one part Boiling water sufficient to dissolve, add Iron filings three parts Digest in a warm place, for two or three days. Add caustic ammonia in slight ex- cess, stir well, pour off the solution, set it aside, decant the clear liquid, and evaporate to dryness; redissolve in distilled water, add a little more ammonia, filter, and evaporate, in shallow, porcelain dishes, by a gentle heat, till it becomes brittle, then chip it off with a blunt-pointed knife. Aikin. R . Tartaric acid fifty drachms "Water one gallon Saturate with Carbonate of ammonia And add fifty drachms more of acid. Heat the solution in a water-bath, and add moist hydrated oxide of iron (derived from fifty- three and a-half drachms of subcarbonate of iron dissolved in muriatic acid, and pre- cipitated by ammonia). Digest till the oxide is dissolved, filter, and evaporate to dryness by means of a water-bath. W. Procter. Has the same properties as the other prepara- tions of iron, but has the advantage of being readily soluble, of being more palatable, and very permanent. The dose is five grains or more, in pills or solution. Solution of Ammonio-Tartrate of Iron. R. Ammonio-tartrate of iron half a drachm Distilled water seven fl. drachms Rectified spirit one fl. drachm Mix, and dissolve. Aikin. FERRI TANNAS. Tannate of Dion. R. Tannic acid ninety parts 213 sufficient Boiling water to dissolve, add gradually Subcarbonate of iron four hundred and forty parts Agitate till effervescence ceases. Evapor- ate at 176°, in a porcelain vessel, until it becomes thick, then dry on a plate, in a stove, at 95°. Benedetti. Found useful in chlorosis, in doses of two or three grains, thrice a-day, increasing the dose as required. • FERRI VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Dion. R. Clean iron filings at will Put in a wedgewood mortar, add gradually an equal weight of valerianic acid, stirring continually. In an hour, .add distilled water, pour the whole into a flask, warm gently, and filter. The surface, exposed to the air, becomes covered with a crystalline layer of valerianate of iron. Collect this on a filter, repeat this as long as crystals are formed. Dose, one to two grains. Ruspini. FICUS. Figs. Figs are the fruit of Ficus carica, a small tree, a native of Asia, and now cultivated in all warm climates. There are numerous varieties. Sex. Syst. Polygam. dioec. Nat. Syst. Mo- naceaa. Linn. Sp. PI. 1513. Griffith, Med. Bot. 576. They come to this country in a dry state, from the ports of the Levant. They are nutri- tious, laxative, and demulcent, and are used in medicine in demulcent decoctions, and some- times externally, as a suppurative poultice. Decoction of Figs. R. Figs one ounce Water one pint Boil, and strain. Demulcent and pectoral. Cadet. Gargle of Figs. R. Figs Mallow root, each, one ounce Milk two pints Boil away one-fourth. As an emollient gargle in sore throat. Radius. Compound Decoction of Figs. R. Figs Raisins, each, two ounces Barley water two pints Boil for a quarter of an hour, and add Liquorice root half an ounce Infuse, and strain. Foy. 214 FILIX MAS. This is identical with the compound decoc- tion of barley, of the Lond. Ph., and like it, is nutritive, demulcent, and laxative. Coffee of Figs. R. Figs, roasted like coffee, two drachms Water one pint Boil gently, and strain. Radius. This is said to be an excellent substitute for coffee, and to form an excellent diet in diseases of the chest. Paste of Figs. R. Figs at will Reduce to a pulp, express through a hair sieve, mix with four times the weight of sugar, concentrate hy a gentle heat, and cut into lozenges. Soubeiran. FILIX MAS. Male Fern. The Male Fern is the rhizome of Ncphro- diumfilix mas, a native of the temperate regions of the whole world, in shady, rather damp situa- tions. Sex. Syst. Crypt, fil. Nat. Syst. Polypodiaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 1551. (Polypodium). Griffith, Med. Bot. 670. The rhizome is of a brown color, externally, with a feeble, but peculiar odor, and a sweet, bitter, astringent taste. It should always be used as fresh as possible. It is tonic and anthelmin- tic, but is not much used in this country. The dose, in substance, is from one to three drachms, twice a-day. Powder of Male Fern. R. Male fern one ounce Gamboge Calomel, each, fourteen grains Scammony eighteen grains Mix, and divide into three powders. In tapeworm. Cadet. Bolus of Male Fern. R . Male fern half an ounce Rhubarb two drachms Semen contra half an ounce Calomel one drachm Syrup of wormwood sufficient Mix, and form twelve boluses. Spielmann. Ethereal Extract of Male Fern. R. Powdered male fern at will Exhaust it in a displacement apparatus, with ether, and distil off the ether. Dose, from fifteen to twenty grains, twice a-day. Pills of Extract of Male Fern. R . Ethereal extract of male fern one scruple Powder of male fern twelve grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make twelve to sixteen pills. To be taken in the evening at short inter- vals. Peschier. Oil of Male Fern. R. Powdered male fern four parts Alcohol eight parts Digest for twenty-four hours, decant, re- peat the operation with five parts of alco- hol, unite the liquid, distil off the alcohol, mix the residue with three parts of water, distil, and permit to rest, and collect the oil which sinks to the bottom, and wash it with pure water. Magendie. Pills of Oil of Male Fern. R . Oil of male fern twenty-four drops Powdered mallow root three scruples Fresh lard two scruples Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One-half to be taken in the evening, and the remainder next morning, and, an hour afterwards, a dose of castor oil. Jourdan. Electuary of Male Fern. R. Ethereal extract of male fern half a drachm Honey of roses one ounce Mix. Half in the evening, the remainder the next morning. Radius. Jelly with Male Fern. R. Male fern Corsica moss, each, six drachms Isinglass one drachm Water eight ounces Boil to three ounces, and strain ; add Ethereal extract of male fern one scruple Syrup of mulberries one ounce To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Phoebus. Mixture of Male Fern. R. Male fern half an ounce Elecampane two drachms Wormwood a handful Semen contra one drachm Water sufficient to obtain a quart of decoction ; add Vermifuge syrup one ounce Mix. Bories. R. Powdered male fern four drachms Balm water three ounces Syrup of gum one ounce Mix. To be taken in the evening, and, next morning, an ounce of castor oil. Radius. Tincture of Male Fern Buds. R. Buds of male fern one part Sulphuric ether eight parts FCENICULUM— FULIGO. 215 Macerate for five days, and decant. Dose, from eight to thirty drops. Foy. FCENICULUM. Fennel. There are several varieties, or species of Fen- nel, closely resembling each other, and having the same properties ; that recognized as officinal by the U. S. Pharm., is the F. vulgare, a native of Europe, and often cultivated in the gardens in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- Linn. Sp. PI. 377. Griffith, Med. Bot. 321. The part used is the seeds. These are fra- grant, with a sweetish, warm, pleasant, aro- matic taste. They are employed as a carmin- ative, and as corrective of other, and more un- pleasant remedies. The dose of the powder, is from a scruple to half a drachm. Compound Powder op Fennel. R. Powdered fennel seed lettuce white poppy benne, each, one ounce and a-half sugar six ounces Mix. Dose, a drachm, two or three times a-day. Said to increase the secre- tion of milk in nursing women. Neimann. Infusion op Fennel. R. Fennel seed one drachm Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, and strain. Given in teaspoonful doses to infants, in windy colic, or used as an enema, for the same purpose. Taddei. Fennel Water. R . Oil of fennel half a fl. drachm Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm Distilled water two pints Rub the oil with the magnesia, gradually add the water, constantlv rubbing, and filter. U. S. Ph. Oil op Fennel. R. Bruised fennel seed at will Water sufficient Mix, and distil. Guibourt. Dose, five to fifteen drops. Fennel Ointment. R. Oil of fennel thirty drops Lard four ounces Triturate together. Said to destroy lice in the hair. Neimann. FRASERA. American Columbo. The Frasera carolinensis is one of the tallest and most elegant of our native herbaceous plants, sometimes attaining a height of ten feet, with a pyramid of yellowish-white flowers, of three or four feet in length. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentian- Walter. Fl. Carol. 87. Griffith, Med. Bot. 462. The root, which is the officinal portion, is large and succulent, and is usually dried in cir- cular sections, like columbo. It has an odor in a dried state, but possesses a sweetish, bitter taste. It is a mild, bitter tonic, suited to all cases to which the simple bitters are applicable. The dose, in powder, is from thirty grains to a drachm. Infusion op American Columbo. R. American columbo, bruised, one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for an hour, and strain. Wood. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times a-day. Tincture op American Columbo. R . Contused American columbo one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, one to three drachms. Dunylison. FULIGO. Soot. The soot of wood is of a black color, has a peculiar smell, and a bitter, disagreeable, em- pyreumatic taste. It owes it properties to the presence of pyrogenous oil or resin and creasote, but also contains various salts, united to acetic acid. It was formerly officinal, but gradually was relinquished in regular practice; but, of late years, has again attracted attention, and has been employed with success in a variety of diseases. Pills op Soot. R . Extract of soot half a drachm Comp. galbanum pill one scruple Oil of valerian ten minims Mix well, and form twelve pills, two, thrice a-day, in hysteria. Neligan. R. Soot one drachm and a-half Carbonate of ammonia half a drachm Tar sufficient Mix, and make five-grain pills. Ferriar. Decoction of Soot. R. Soot two handfuls Water two pints Boil, for half an hour, and strain. As a lotion, in herpetic, psoric, and venereal ulcers. Soubeiran. R. 216 FULIGOKALI. ♦- — Tincture of Soot. R. Soot one part Diluted alcohol eight parts Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, as an antispas- modic, in hysteria, &c. Guibourt. Mixture of Soot. R. Soot half an ounce Carbonate of potassa one ounce and a-half Carbonate of ammonia two drachms Elder-flower water nine fl. ounces Digest for some time by a gentle heat, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, several times a-day. In dyspepsia, suppressed cutaneous affections, &c. Dunglison. R. Hickory ashes one quart Soot six ounces Boiling water one gallon Mix, and digest for twenty-four hours, frequently stirring, and decant. A tea- cupful, three times a-day, used in dyspep- sia. Ellis. Soot Mouth Wash. R. Extract of soot one part Vinegar twelve parts Mix. A few drops, in a glass of tepid water, in aphthous sore mouth. Soubeiran. Oil of Soot. R. Soot four ounces Olive oil twelve ounces Boil, and strain. As an application to ulcers in the mouth, or on the genitals. Radius. Soot Ointment. R. Soot one part Lard four parts Triturate together. As an application in tinea, scrofulous sores, &c. Soubeiran. Compound Soot Ointment. R. Soot Lard, each, half an ounce Extract of belladonna one drachm Triturate together. As an application to cancerous sores. Radius. R. Soot an ounce and a-half Lard four ounces Sulphate of zinc six drachms Triturate together. In cases of tinea. Bories. half an ounce Soot Powdered Peruvian bark, each, Powdered charcoal sulphur, each, one ounce Lard sufficient to make an ointment. In tinea. Radius. Cataplasm of Soot. R. Soot two ounces White of eggs six Mix. As an application to tinea, herpes, and scrofulous ulcers. St. Marie. Injection of Soot. R . Decoction of soot one pint Alum half an ounce Water six ounces Mix. Advised as an injection, in leucor- rhoea. Soubeiran. FULIGOKALI. FULIGOKALI. R. Potassa twenty parts Shining soot one hundred parts Water sufficient Boil for an hour, cool, dilute with water, filter, evaporate to dryness, keep in well- closed bottles. Deschamps. Used, both internally and externally, in chro- nic cutaneous disorders. Dose, two to three grains, several times a-day. Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R. Fuligokali sixty parts Potassa fourteen parts Sulphur five parts Dissolve the sulphur and potassa, add the fuligokali, evaporate to dryness. Pills of Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R . Sulphuretted fuligokali five drachms Starch two drachms and a-half Tragacanth eight grains Syrup sufficient Mix, and make one hundred pills, and cover them with two or three coats of tra- gacanth. Deschamps. Ointment of Fuligokali. R. Fuligokali sixteen to thirty grains Lard one ounce Triturate together. Used as a detersive, resolvent, and somewhat stimulant appli- cation, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Gibert. GALBANUM. 217 GALBANUM. Galbanum. This is the concrete juice of an unknown plant, but generally admitted to belong to the Apiaceae. According to Don, and others, the Asiatic galbanutn is the product of Galbanum officinale, a native of Persia. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 603. Griffith, Med. Bot. 333. Galbanum is in whitish or yellowish tears, or in brownish-yellow, or brownish masses, formed of these tears agglutinated, and containing vari- ous impurities. The odor is peculiar, and some- what balsamic; the taste is hot, bitter, and acrid. It is stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic, in doses of ten to twenty grains, and also used externally to indolent swellings, &c. Purified Galbanum. R. Galbanum one part Alcohol four parts Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, treat the residue with a fresh quantity of alcohol, unite the two solutions, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Guibourt. Compound Galbanum Pills. R. Galbanum Myrrh, each, one ounce and a-half Assafetida half an ounce Syrup sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into four hun- dred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty grains, in chlorosis and hysteria. R. Galbanum two drachms Oil of savine four to twelve drops Malate of iron one drachm and a-half Powdered valerian sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- dred and twenty pills. Two, three times a-day, in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, &c. Phoebus. Galbanum Mixture. R. Galbanum two drachms Vinegar of squills Fennel water, each, two fl. ounces Spirit of mindererus two fl. drachms Nitric ether one fl. drachm Syrup of mallows half fl. ounce Mix. Three or four spoonfuls a-day, in humid asthma. Jahn. Tincture op Galbanum. R. Galbanum, in small pieces, two ounces Proof spirit two pints Digest for seven days, and filter. Dub. Ph. Antispasmodic, &c. In doses of one to three fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Galbanum. R. Tincture of galbanum wormwood Spirit of rosemary equal parts Mix. Dose, forty to fifty drops. Augustin. Galbanum Plaster. R. Lead plaster two pounds Galbanum half a pound Yellow wax four ounces Melt the galbanum, add the plaster and wax, and melt the whole, and strain. Dub. Ph. Compound Galbanum Plaster. R. Galbanum eight ounces Lead plaster three ounces Turpentine ten drachms Burgundy pitch three ounces Melt the galbanum and turpentine together, strain, add the pitch, and then the lead plaster, melted; mix well. U. S. Ph. A good application to chronic, scrofulous en- largements of the glands and joints. R. Lead plaster ninety-six parts Ammoniac Galbanum Vinegar, each, eight parts Powder of saffron three parts Melt together, and strain. Lond. Ph. R. Galbanum and saffron plaster eight parts Camphor Petroleum Subcarbonate of ammonia, each, one part Melt together. In chronic rheumatism. Augustin. R. Galbanum Turpentine, each, one part Melt, strain, and add a melted mixture of White wax four parts Spermaceti two parts Oil of almonds one part Mix well. A milder application than any of the above. jSpielmann. 218 GALIUM VERUM— GALLA GALIUM VERUM. Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. A perennial, herbaceous plant, native of Eu- rope, which is stated to have the power of co- agulating milk, and also used to dye yellow. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubi- aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 155. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. i. 202. The whole plant is used ; it has an agreeable odor, and an astringent, acidulous, somewhat acrid taste. It was, at one time, much used in epilepsy and hysteria, and also as an applica- tion in cutaneous affections. Infusion op Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. R. Flowers of yellow ladies bedstraw two drachms Boiling water two pints Digest for an hour, and strain. This to be taken in a tepid state, in wineglassful doses, as a sedative and antispasmodic, in cerebral affections. Chaussier. Wine op Yellow Ladies Bedstraw. R. Expressed juice of yellow ladies bedstraw six fl. ounces White wine one to two fl. ounces Mix. To be taken in epilepsy, as soon as indications of an attack manifest them- selves. Bories. GALLA. Galls. Galls are morbid excrescences on Quercus in- fectoria, caused by the puncture of a hymenop- terous insect, the Diplolepis galla tinclorice. They come from the Levant ports, and present several varieties, the best of which are dark colored. They are round, hard, solid, brittle, inodorous, and have a bitter, very astringent taste. They contain tannic and gallic acids. They are power- fully astringent. They are more used as exter- nal applications, than as internal remedies. Dose, ten to thirty grains, several times a-day. Compound Powder op Galls. R. Powdered galls kino, each, half an ounce alum two drachms Mix. As a styptic. Radius. Infusion op Galls. R. Powdered galls one to two drachms Boiling water one pint Digest for half an hour, and strain. Used for injections, fomentations, gargles, &c. Taddei. Compound Infusion of Galls. R. Infusion of galls four fl. ounces Prepared chalk half an ounce Tincture of opium half fl. drachm Powdered gum Arabic one drachm Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Ellis. Gargle of Galls. R. Infusion of galls seven fl. ounces Alcohol one fl. ounce Mix. As a gargle in relaxation of uvula and soft palate. Ellis. Lotion of Galls. R. Claret wine one pint Common salt one drachm Sulphate of iron two drachms Boil for a few minutes, and add Oxide of copper one drachm Boil for two minutes. Add Powdered galls two drachms This is used to color the hair; it is to be washed with this fluid, dried with a warm cloth, and then washed with common water. Laforest. Syrup of Galls. R. Bruised galls two drachms Brandy eight fl. ounces Mix. Burn out the spirit, and add Powdered cinnamon mace, each, two drachms While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy, till a syrup is formed. Decant. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In obstinate chronic diarrhoea. Parrish. Tincture of Galls. R. Bruised galls four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A powerful astringent, in doses of one to three fl. drachms. R. Bruised galls one pound Water two pints Macerate twenty-four hours, and add Alcohol two pints Eau de Cologne six fl. ounces Filter. As an inj ection, diluted with water, in leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. Gibert. Extract of Galls. R. Galls, in coarse powder at will Macerate in water sufficient to cover them for twenty-four hours; then introduce the moist mass into a displacer, and act on it with water, until the galls are nearly ex- hausted; evaporate the infusion to dryness, on a water-bath. Ointment of Extract of Galls. R. Extract of galls one drachm Lard one ounce GAMBOGIA. 219 Triturate the extract with a little water, until it is reduced to a uniform syrupy consistence, then add the lard, and mix thoroughly. D. S. Jones. Ointment of Galls. R. Galls, in very fine powder, one ounce Lard seven ounces Mix. As an application to piles, pro- lapsus ani, and also to indolent ulcers. U. S. Ph. Compound Ointment op Galls. R . Galls, in very fine powder, two drachms Powdered opium half a drachm Lard two ounces Mix well. Lond. Ph. As an application to irritable piles, &c. R. Powdered galls Tincture of opium, each, two parts Camphor one part Lard eight parts Triturate well together. As an application to painful piles. Foy. R. Finely powdered galls one scruple Simple cerate one drachm Essence of lemon twenty drops Lead water Laudanum, each, forty drops Rub well together. As an application to hemorrhoids, after subsidence of inflamma- tion. Dewees. GAMBOGIA. Gamboge. This is the concrete juice of several species of East Indian trees, probably belonging to the genus hebradendron. Sex. Syst. Polyand. raonog. Nat. Syst. Clusi- aceae. Graham, Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199. Griffith, Med. Bot. 152. Gamboge is a gum resin, of a yellow-orange color, opaque, brittle, almost inodorous, of an in- sipid taste at first, but soon becoming acrid. It is a powerful hydragogue and drastic purgative, but apt to produce nausea and vomiting. Dose, from one to six grains, in pill, emulsion, or alka- line solution. Compound Powder op Gamboge. R. Bitartrate of potassa two drachms Powdered jalap one drachm gamboge six grains Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be given every two or three hours, in syrup, as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. R. Powdered gamboge two grains sulphate of iron six grains sugar one scruple Oil of peppermint three drops Mix. To be taken twice a-day, against tape-worm. Vogt. Compound Pills oe Gamboge. R. Powdered gamboge one drachm aloes one drachm and a-half ginger half a drachm Soap two drachms Beat into mass. Lond. Ph. Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative. R. Powdered gamboge ten grains guaiacum Blanched almonds, each, one drachm Syrup sufficient Beat together, and form twenty-eight pills. Two to four, as a gentle purgative. Saunders. Alkaline Solution op Gamboge. R. Powdered gamboge one drachm Carbonate of potassa three drachms Water six drachms Dissolve. Dose, fifteen drops, every three hours, as a hydragogue in dropsies. Van Gamboge Mixture. R. Powdered gamboge four grains Spirit of nitric ether one fl. drachm Tincture of senna two fl. drachms Mint water Syrup of buckthorn, each, half fl. ounce Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in dropsy, especially in hydrothorax. Ferriar. R. Gamboge two scruples Tartrate of potassa one ounce White sugar two drachms Water six ounces Make a solution. As a purgative, in as- cites. A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, until it operates. Dewees. Gamboge and Elatine Mixture. R. Gamboge four grains Elatine half a grain Sweet spirit of nitre one ounce Water four ounces Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in as- cites. A tablespoonful, to be taken every two or three hours, until free purgation is induced. Dewees. Alkaline Tincture op Gamboge. R. Gamboge one part Carbonate of potassa two parts Diluted alcohol twenty-four parts Digest for some days, and filter. Seherf. 220 GAULTHERIA— GENTIANA. Ammoniacal Tincture of Gamboge. R. Gamboge thirty-six grains Spirit of ammonia four fl. ounces Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Swediaur. GAULTHERIA. Partridge Berry. The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens ; a small, indigenous, evergreen plant, found in most parts of the United States, in dry, sandy situations. Sex. Sysl. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Erica- ceae. Kalm. Amoen. Acad. iii. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 424. These leaves have a peculiar, aromatic taste and odor, with a little astringency. They are stimulant, and somewhat tonic and astringent, and are much used in the form of tea, in bowel diseases, and as an emmenagogue. Oil of Partridge Berry. R. Leaves of partridge berry at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil that passes. Ooxe. Principally used to flavor mixtures, &c. In large doses, is poisonous. Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is in common use as a carminative and stimulant. Partridge Berry Water. R. Oil of partridge berry sixteen drops Carbonate of magnesia one drachm Water one pint Triturate the oil, magnesia, and a little of the water together, then add the rest of the water, and filter. GENTIANA. Gentian. The roots 'of several species of gentian are used in medicine ; but that which is most gene- rally recognized as officinal, is Gentiana lutea, a tall, perennial plant, native of the mountains of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gen- tianacese. Linn. Sp. PL 329. Griffith, Med. Bot. 460. The root is of a grayish brown externally, and yellowish within ; it has a slightly sweetish, but extremely bitter taste, and a faint, but peculiar odor. It is a pure and simple bitter tonic, with no astringency. The dose of the powder is from ten to forty grains, but is seldom given in this form. Compound Powder of Gentian. R. Powdered gentian cascarilla orange peel, each, one drachm Peppermint sugar three drachms Mix. Dose, thirty grains, several times a-day, as a stomachic. Augustin. Extract of Gentian. R. Gentian, in coarse powder, one pound Water sufficient Exhaust the powder by means of displace- ment. Heat the filtered liquid, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains, as a tonic ; also as a basis for various metallic pills. Compound Gentian Pills. R. Powdered aloes one drachm Extract of gentian half a drachm Oil of caraway ten drops Syrup sufficient Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. Two or three for a dose, as a purgative. Ellis. R . Extract of gentian Powdered rhubarb Soap equal parts Water sufficient Beat into mass, and form four-grain pills. Tonic and laxative. Fulda Dispen. Pills of Gentian and Ammonia. R. Extract of gentian Carbonate of ammonia, each, Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two to be taken twice or thrice a-day. For heart- burn in gouty habits. Steph. and Church. Infusion of Gentian. R. Contused gentian two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Beral. Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian half an ounce orange peel coriander, each, one drachm Diluted alcohol four fl. ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Pour on the alcohol, and, in three hours, add the water, macerate for twelve hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, a fl. ounce, as a tonic. R. Bruised gentian calamus, each, one ounce Centaury six drachms Rosemary two drachms Boiling water four pints Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of three ounces, twice a-day. Spielmann. GENTIANA. 221 Infusion op Gentian with Rhubarb. R. Bruised gentian one drachm rhubarb two drachms Boiling water twelve fl. ounces Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Carbonate of ammonia two scruples Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism, &c. Steph. and Church. Mixture of Gentian. R. Carbonate of magnesia one drachm Infusion of gentian six fl. ounces Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, as an antilithic, where uric acid abounds. Brande. R. Extract of gentian two drachms Carbonate of potassa two scruples Mint water five fl. ounces Tincture of orange peel five fl. drachms Sugar one ounce Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, as a stomachic and carminative. Berends. Wine op Gentian. R. Gentian, coarsely powdered, half an ounce Yellow bark, coarsely powdered, one ounce Orange peel two drachms Canella, in coarse powder, one drachm Proof spirit four fl. ounces and a-half Sherry wine forty-six fl. ounces Digest the root and barks in the spirit, for twenty-four hours, add wine, digest for seven days, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. A stomachic bitter, in doses of four to eight fl. drachms. Syrup op Gentian. R. Gentian, in coarse powder, forty-eight parts Cold water sufficient Syrup fifteen hundred parts Put the gentian in a displacement appa- ratus, and make a strong infusion, filter this, and add to boiling syrup, of such a consistence, as, after the addition, it will make 30°. Tauvel. Syrup op Extract op Gentian. R. Aqueous extract of gen- tian two drachms Water eight fl. ounces Sugar sixteen ounces (av.) Dissolve the extract in the water, add the sugar, and form a syrup with a gentle heat, and strain. W. Procter. Tincture op Gentian. R. Gentian one part Diluted alcohol four parts Macerate for six days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Cotter eau. Acidulated Tincture op Gentian. R. Compound tincture of gentian four fl. ounces Elixir of vitriol half fl. drachm Mix. A teaspoonful, in sugar and water, three or four times a-day. Ellis. Compound Tincture op Gentian. R. Bruised gentian two ounces Orange peel one ounce Bruised cardamoms half an ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. An excellent bitter tonic, in doses of one fl. drachm. Ammoniacal Tincture op Gentian. R. Bruised gentian one ounce Carbonate of ammonia two drachms Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate the root in the alcohol, for eight days, filter, and add the ammonia. Dose, one to fourfl. drachms, in scrofula. Taddei. Alkaline Tincture of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian one ounce Carbonate of soda three drachms Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for eight days, and filter. Used in same cases, and same doses, as the for- mer. Guibourt. Mixture op Tincture op Gentian. R. Tincture of gen- tian one fl. ounce and a-half Tincture of rhubarb cinnamon half fl. ounce opium ten drops ■Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour, in diarrhoea. Foy. R. Extract of gentian cascarilla, each, two drachms Peppermint water four fl. ounces Mix. In spoonful doses, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. Gentian and Sulphuric Acid Mix- ture. R. Compound infusion of gentian Compound tincture of gentian Diluted sulphuric acid Mix. A tablcspoonful, three times a-day, in dyspepsia. Brande. five fl. ounces one fl. ounce one fl. drachm GENTIANINA— GEUM RIVALE. GENTIANINA. Gentianin. R. Powdered gentian at will Macerate in cold ether, and repeat till exhausted; unite the tinctures, and distil; treat the residue several times with cold alcohol, distil the tinctures, evaporate the residue to dryness ; mix it with an excess of magnesia, treat with sulphuric ether, then with oxalic acid, then again with the ether, and distil. Magendie. Dose, one to two grains. Pills of Gentianin. R. Gentianin five grains Conserve of roses Powdered liquorice, each, sufficient Mix, and make six pills. Syrup of Gentianin. R. Gentianin sixteen grains Syrup one pound Dissolve, and boil for a short time. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Borics. Tincture of Gentianin. R. Gentianin five grains Alcohol one ounce Mix. Dose, from one to four drachms. Cadet. GERANIUM. Cranesbill. This is the root of Geranium maculatum, a na- tive, perennial plant, found, in most parts of the country, in woods and shady places. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Gera- niaceae. Linn. Sp. PL 955. Griffith, Med. Bot. 209. The root is in rough pieces, of a dark brown color externally, and flesh-colored within. It is inodorous ; the taste is astringent, but not bitter. The dose is from ten to thirty grains, as an as- tringent, in all cases in which kino or rhatany are found useful. Decoction of Geranium. R. Geranium one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Wood. Extract of Geranium. R. Bruised geranium root one pound Water one gallon Boil down to one half, strain, and evaporate to due consistence. This extract is very similar to Rhatany, and may be given in the same cases, and in the same doses. GEOFFROYA INERMIS. Cabbage Tree Bark. The Cabbage Tree is a native of the West India Islands; it is a large tree, having a smooth, gray bark. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- ceSB. Linn. Sp. PI. 1043. Griffith, Med. Bot. 247. (Andira.) The bark is in long, fibrous pieces, of a brown- ish ash color externally, and yellowish within ; it has a resinous fracture, an unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It is a powerful vermifuge, in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. The best form of administration is the syrup. Decoction of Cabbage Tree Bark. R. Cabbage tree bark one ounce Water two pints Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Ellis. Extract of Cabbage Tree Bark. R. Cabbage tree bark one part Water eight parts Boil for a quarter of an hour, strain, add four parts of water, boil, and strain; eva- porate the united decoctions to a proper consistence. Dose, three grains. Belg. Ph. Mixture of Cabbage Tree Bark. R . Cabbage tree bark half an ounce Water six ounces Boil for half an hour, strain, and add Tincture of cabbage tree bark one ounce Syrup of orange peel half an ounce A tablespoonful, morning and evening. Niemann. GEUM. AVENS. 1. GEUM RIVALE. Water Avens. This plant is a native of Europe and the United States, in wet, boggy situations. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- Linn. Sp. PL 717. English Bot. 1. 106. Root reddish or purplish, hard and brittle, inodorous, of an astringent, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used advan- tageously in passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, &c. The dose, in powder, is from a scruple to a drachm, three times a-day. Decoction of Water Avens. R . Water avens root one ounce GEUM VIRGINIANUM— GLYCYRRHIZA. 223 Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain, to be given in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 2. GEUM VIRGINIANUM. White Avens. Also a native of the United States, growing in woods and along streams. Flower small and white. Linn. Sp. Pi. 719. Griffith, Med. Bot. 279. The root is of a brown color, somewhat aro- matic, and of a bitterish, astringent taste. It has the same properties as the G. rivale, and is given in the same cases and doses. 3. GEUM URBANUM. Avens. A native of Europe, growing in woods and waste places. They are small, and of a yellow color. Linn. Sp. PI. 716. Eng. Bot. t. 1400. The root consists of a short caudex with many long fibres. When fresh, it has somewhat the odor of cloves, but when dry, is almost inodor- ous. The taste is bitter and astringent. Like the other species, it is tonic and astringent. Compound Powder of Avens. R. Powdered avens root gum Arabic, eacb, three drachms kino cinnamon, each, one drachm sugar half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three hours, in diarrhoea. Vogel. Mixture op Avens. R. Bruised avens one ounce Water twelve fl. ounces Boil to eight ounces, and to the strained cold decoction, add Extract of avens two drachms Sulphuric ether one drachm Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours. As a febrifuge. Radius. GILLENIA. Indian Physic. This is the root of Gillenia trifoliata, a native herbaceous plant, found in most parts of the country, in shady, and rather marsh situations. Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nut. Syst. Rosa- cea. Moench. Sp. PI. 28G. Griffith, Med. Bot. 282. The roots are about as thick as a quill, wrink- led longitudinally, and irregularly undulated; a light brown color, and consisting of a thick cor- tical portion, and a slender ligneous centre. The bark is of a disagreeable, bitter taste. It is a mild and certain emetic, and forms a good sub- stitute for ipecacuanha. The dose, from twenty to thirty grains, to be repeated in half an hour, if it does not produce the desired effect. GLTCERINUM. Glycerin Is a fatty body, which may be obtained by the saponification of olive oil, in making lead plaster. The water in which the plaster is ma- laxated, dissolves the glycerin, having a little lead in solution. This water is to be evaporat- ed till of a syrupy consistence, sulphuretted hy- drogen passed through to separate the lead, heated, to expel any excess of gas, digested with animal charcoal, filtered, and evaporated in va- cuo, at a temperature of 150° F. In a pure state it is a nearly colorless, viscid fluid, and is un- crystallizable. It has been used with success in lotions, poultices, baths, &c, to render them emollient and soothing; in diseases of the skin, as pityria- sis, impetigo, chapped hands, nipples, face, &c. Ointment of Glycerin. R. Glycerin one fl. drachm Borax ten grains Rose water seven fl. drachms Mix. Used as a lotion in lichen, three times a-day ; also in chapped hands. Clymer. GLYCYRRHIZA. Liquorice Root. Several species of this genus have sweet and demulcent roots, but the only officinal species is the G. glabra, a native of the south of Europe, and of some parts of Asia and Africa, and also successfully cultivated in more northern regions. Sex. Syst. Diadelp. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- cece. Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Griffith, Med. Bot. 236. The root is in long pieces of various thick- nesses, of a grayish-brown color externally, and yellowish within ; it is inodorous, and of a sweet, mucilaginous taste, with a slight degree of acidity. It is an excellent demulcent, and is much used in affections of the mucous mem- branes, and as an addition to the more irritating or nauseous remedies, to abate their acrimony or conceal their taste. Extract of Liquorice. R. Liquorice root, sliced, two pounds and a-half Boiling distilled water two gallons Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to a gallon, strain, evaporate to proper con- sistence. Lond. Ph. Refined Liquorice. R. Crude liquorice at will Dissolve in water, strain, and evaporate. 224 GOSSYPIUM. ♦ These two articles are useful demulcents, and additions to cough mixtures. U. S. Disp. Liquorice Paste. R. Extract of liquorice one pound Cold water four pints Dissolve, strain, and add Gum Arabic two pounds Sugar one pound Evaporate to proper consistence. Soubeiran. R. Gum Arabic Extract of liquorice Sugar Water Evaporate to consistence add Powdered orris root elecampane, two pounds nine ounces one pound sufficient of syrup, and each, half an ounce Continue to evaporate, then add Oil of aniseed two scruples Spielmann. Lozenges op Liquorice. R. Extract of liquorice Gum Arabic, each, six ounces Sugar one pound Dissolve in sufficiency of boiling water, evaporate on water-bath, to proper consist- ence for lozenges. Ed. Ph. Lozenges of Liquorice and Opium. R. Powdered opium half an ounce liquorice gum Arabic sugar, each, ten ounces Oil of anise two fl. drachms Mix the powder well, add the oil of anise, form mass with water, and divide into lozenges of six grains. U. S. Ph. Each lozenge contains one tenth of a grain of opium. R. Powdered liquorice gum Arabic sugar, each, two drachms opium six grains Oil of anise, four drops Mix, and with sufficient water form mass, and divide into sixty lozenges. These are known as Dr. Wistar's cough lozenges. Ellis. Both the above are demulcent and anodyne, and are well suited to allay cough, where opium is permissible. Mixture op Liquorice. R. Powdered liquorice one drachm Chamomile water one fl. ounce Syrup of mallows four fl. ounces Mix. In spoonful doses, to allay cough. Foy. R. Powdered liquorice gum Arabic, each, two drachms Boiling water four fl. ounces Mix, and dissolve, then add Spirit of nitric ether Antimonial wine, each, one fl. drachm Tincture of opium forty to fifty drops A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Ellis. R. Powdered liquorice gum Arabic, each, two drachms Boiling water four fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Antimonial wine two fl. drachms Tincture of opium twenty minims Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally. U. S. P-isp. These two mixtures are well known under the name of Brown mixture. Syrup of Liquorice. R. Liquorice root two ounces Maidenhair one ounce Hyssop half an ounce Water two pints Infuse for twenty-four hours, boil to one- half, and add to strained decoction Honey Sugar Rose water Make a syrup, spoonful doses. As eight ounces sixteen ounces four fl. ounces cough mixture, in Wirtem. Ph. GOSSYPIUM. Cotton Is the down or hair attached to the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum, and other species of the genus. It consists of fine, white filaments, hav- ing neither odor nor taste, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, the oils, &c, but is soluble in strong alkaline solutions. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 845. Griffith, Med. Bot. 162. It is principally used for the fabrication of cloth, but is also employed in medicine, as an ap- plication to recent burns and scalds, to erysipelas, and to parts affected with rheumatism. It should be applied in the form of thin sheets. The seeds furnish much oil, and the root is said to be an active emmenagogue. Decoction of Cotton Root. R. Inner part of cotton root four ounces Water one quart GRANATUM. 225 Boil down to a pint. Said to be as effectual as ergot in promoting uterine contraction. Dose, a wineglassful, every twenty or thirty minutes. Bouchelle. Ethereal Solution of Cotton. (Collodion.) This preparation, which is a solution of gun- cotton in ether, is used as a dressing to wounds; by its evaporation, it unites them closely, preserves them from the action of the air, is impervious to moisture ; being transparent, it permits the pro- gress of the wound to be examined, &c. R. Nitric acid (1.45) Sulphuric acid (com- mercial), each, one fl. ounce Cleaned and bleached cotton two drachms Saturate the cotton thoroughly, with the acids, and macerate for twelve hours. Wash the cotton ; dry rapidly, by artificial heat, in the shade, and dissolve it in Sulphuric ether (officinal) one pint and a-half E. Parrish. W. Livermore. R. Finely powdered nitrate of potash 40 parts, by weight Concentrated sul- phuric acid 60 " " " Carded cotton 2 " " " Mix the nitre with the sulphuric acid, in a porcelain vessel, then add the cotton, and agitate the mass for three minutes, by the aid of two glass rods. Wash the cotton, without first pressing it, in a large quantity of water, and when all acidity is removed (indicated by litmus paper), press firmly in a cloth. Pull it out into a loose mass, and dry it in a stove at a moderate heat Prepared cotton 8 parts, by weight Rectified sul- phuric ether 125 " " " Rectified alcohol 8 " " « Put the cotton, with the ether, into a well- stoppered bottle, and shake the mixture for some minutes. Then add the alcobol by degrees, and continue to shake, until the whole of the liquid acquires a syrupy consistency. It may then be passed through a cloth, the residue strongly press- ed, and the liquid kept in a well-secured bottle. Miahle. GRANATUM. Pomegranate. The Punka granatum, a small tree, a native of, and cultivated in warm climates, and much esteemed for its subacid fruit, affords two arti- 15 cles employed medicinally, the rind of the fruit, and the bark of the root. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- Linn. Sp. PL 676. Griffith, Med. Bot. 294. The rind, as found in the shops, is in frag- ments of a dry, hard, brittle consistence ; of a yellowish, or reddish-brown color, inodorous, and of an astringent, somewhat bitter taste. The bark of the root is in small pieces, of an ash-gray or yellowish color, externally, yellow within ; brittle, with scarcely any odor, and as- tringent, but not bitter taste. The rind is a good astringent, in doses of ten to thirty grains; and the bark of the root, an efficient vermifuge, espe- cially in a fresh, or recently dried state. Decoction op Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind two ounces Distilled water a pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, one fl. ounce. As an astringent. Gargle of Pomegranate Rind. half an ounce two drachms six fl. ounces one fl. ounce two drachms R. Pomegranate rind Red roses Boiling water Infuse, strain, and add Clarified honey Alum Used as gargle, in inflammation of fauces and throat. Ellis. Injection of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind one part Water thirty-two parts Boil away one-half. Beral. Decoction of Pomegranate Root. R . Bark of pomegranate root two ounces Water one pint and a-half Macerate for two hours, and then boil to a pint. To be taken in three doses. As a vermifuge, in cases of taenia. Foy. Extract of Pomegranate Root. R. Bark of pomegranate root at will Diluted alcohol sufficient Macerate for a week, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper con- sistence. Souheiran. Electuary of Extract of Pome- granate Root. R. Extract of pomegranate root six drachms Gum tragacanth sufficient Lemon juice two fl. ounces Linden water three fl. ounces Mix. One-half to be taken, and half an hour afterwards the remainder. Radius. Mixture of Extract of Pome- granate Root. R . Extract of pomegranate root six drachms 226 GRATIOLA— GUAIACUM. Lemon juice Mint water Linden water, each, two fl. ounces Mix. One-fourth to be taken, every quarter of an hour. Radius. Bolus op Pomegranate Hoot. R. Powdered bark of pome- granate root one drachm Powdered red Peruvian bark two drachms Balsam copaiba sufficient Mix, and form twelve boluses. One, morning and evening, in chronic mucous discharges, Radius. R. Powdered bark of pome- granate root one drachm Assafetida half a drachm Oil of croton four drops Syrup of ether sufficient Mix, and make fifteen boluses. Five a-day, in the treatment of taenia. Foy. GRATIOLA. Hedge Hyssop. Most of the species of this genus have active properties, but only one of them has been em- ployed in medicine ; the G. officinalis of Europe ; a native species, the G. aurea, is possessed of identical properties, which, in both cases, depend on the presence of veratria. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- Linn. Sp. PL 24. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. The whole plant is used, it is almost inodor- ous, but has a bitter, nauseous taste. It is a dras- tic cathartic and emetic, with some diuretic pro- perties. It has been stated that it forms the basis of the Eau medicinah of Husson. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains. Compound Powder op Hedge Hyssop. R. Powdered hedge hyssop two scruples Calomel five grains Assafetida half a drachm Oil of peppermint three drops Mix, and divide into two powders. One to be taken every three hours, in taenia. Augustin. Wine op Hedge Hyssup. R . Dried herb of hedge hysspp one ounce Contused root of hedge hyssop half an ounce White wine sixteen fl. ounces Macerate for eight days, with a gentle heat, and strain. A teaspoonful, at bed- time, drinking after it half a pint of beef tea. If necessary, repeat next evening. PerJcins. Said to be the original recipe for the Eau me- dicinale. GUAIACUM. GUAIACUM. The Guaiacum officinale, a large tree, a native of the West Indies and some parts of South America, affords two medicinal products, the wood and resin, or concrete juice. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zygo- phyllacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 546. Griffith, Med. Bot. 203. The wood is very hard, of a greenish brown color, of a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste, and of a faint smell, except when heated. The resin is of a greenish or dark olive color, of a feeble odor, and of an acrid taste. They both are stimulant and alterative, and have been much used in chronic rheumatism, gout, obstinate cuta- neous affections, amenorrhosa, &c. The dose of the resin is from ten to thirty grains. Decoction op Guaiacum Wood. R. Rasped guaiacum wood one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. U. S. Dispens. Compound Decoction op Guaiacum Wood. R. Guaiacum shavings three ounces Raisins two ounces Sassafras root, rasped, Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce Water eight pints Boil the guaiacum and raisins in the water, down to five pints, adding the other ingre- dients, towards close of operation. Strain. Ed. Ph. From one to two pints may be taken, during the day, in divided doses, as an alterative in chronic rheumatism and cutaneous diseases. R. Rasped guaiacum wood one ounce sassafras half an ounce Contused liquorice root one drachm Water five pints Boil for two hours, strain, and add Cinnamon water three ounces A wineglassful, several times a-day, as alterative, &c. Augustin. R. Rasped guaiacum wood two drachms Water sufficient to obtain one pint of strained decoction. After an hour's boiling, add Wine of colchicum seed two drachms A wineglassf ul every two hours, in chronic pains of the joints. Radius. Extract op Guaiacum Wood. R. Powdered Guaiacum wood at will GUAIACUM. 227 Exhaust with boiling water, by means of a displacement apparatus, and evaporate. Van. Mons. Oil of Guaiacum "Wood. R. Guaiacum wood at will Distil on a sand-bath, separate the oil, and rectify it. Dose, four or five drops, in gonorrhoea, also as a friction in rheumat- ism. Taddei. Compound Oil op G-uaiacum. R. Oil of guaiacum three ounces Balsam of Peru one ounce Ammoniated alcohol half an ounce Mix. In caries of the teeth, and as a dressing to malignant ulcers. Swediaur. Compound Powder op G-uaiacum. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum two drachms Cremor tartar half an ounce Sugar six drachms Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a-day, in gout. Phoebus. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum nitrate of potassa, each, one drachm ipecacuanha three grains opium two grains Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours; as a stimulating di- aphoretic in acute rheumatism, after reduc- tion of inflammation. Ellis. Pills op Guaiacum and Turpentine. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum one drachm Venice turpentine sufficient Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, three times a-day, in gleet and leucorrhcea. Ellis. Pills op Guaiacum, Aloes, &c. R. Powdered guaiacum resin one drachm aloes thirty-six grains rhubarb two drachms Canada balsam sufficient Form mass, and divide into forty-eight pills. One, every three hours, as a stimu- lating cathartic. Ellis. Pills of Guaiacum, Antimony, &c. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, half a drachm Calomel ten grains Extract of dandelion sufficient Form mass, and divide into three-grain pills. Three to four, three times a-day, in painful affections of the joints. Hildebrand. Pills of Guaiacum, Sulphur, &c. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum half an ounce Washed sulphur one ounce Crude antimony one drachm and a-half Extract of blessed thistle sufficient Form mass, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a-day, in gout, rheumat- ism, and obstinate cutaneous affections. Quarin . Mixture with Guaiacum, &c. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum two drachms Powdered nitrate of potassa one drachm and a-half Powdered gum Arabic one drachm tartar emetic one grain liquorice one scruple Distilled or mint water eight fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times a-day, in rheumatism, &c. Ellis. Guaiacum Mixture. R. Resin of guaiacum three drachms Sugar half an ounce Gum Arabic mixture half a fl. ounce Cinnamon water nineteen fl. ounces Rub the resin with the sugar, then with the mixture of gum Arabic, and gradually add the cinnamon water while rubbing. Lond. Ph. One to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day. Mixture of Guaiacum and Bitter- Sweet. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum two drachms Powdered gum Arabic three drachms Extract of bitter sweet three drachms Syrup of mallows one fl. ounce Distilled water seven fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, in chronic rheumatism. Berends. Tincture of Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum half a pound Alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to three fl. drachms, three or four times a-day, in gout and chronic rheumatism ; to be given in milk or mucilage. R . Powdered resin of guaiacum four ounces Carbonate of soda or potassa one drachm and a-half Powdered pimento one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint 228 H.EMATOXYLON. for a few days. Add volatile spirit of ^ammonia, if required, in proportion of one or two drachms to each four ounces of tincture. Highly praised in idiopathic amenorrhoca, in doses of a teaspoonful, three times a-day, in milk or wine. Dcwees. Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum four ounces Aromatic spirit of ammonia one pint and a-half Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. fDose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three Jiffies a-day, in chronic rheumatism. Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum and Copaiba. R. Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum one fl. ounce Copaiba half fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in amenorrhoeawith general debility. Ellis. Ammoniated Tincture op Guaiacum and Camphor. R. Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum Camphorated tincture of opium, each, one fl. ounce Mix. Two teaspoonfuls every two hours, in misplaced and retrocedent gout. Ellis. Odontalgic Mixture of Guaiacum. R. Tincture of guaiacum six fl. drachms Oil of valerian one fl. ounce Syrup of scurvy grass Compound tincture of benzoin, each, two fl. drachms Tincture of opium one drachm Mix. A teaspoonful mixed with hot water, to be held in the mouth, in toothache. Cams. Mixture of Tincture of Guaiacum and Henbane. R. Tincture of guaiacum two fl. drachms henbane one fl. drachm Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, morning and evening, in spasm of the stomach and neuralgia. Radius. H HJEMATOXYLON. Logwood. This is the heart wood of Hcematoxylon cam- pechianiMn, a middle-sized tree, a native of Cam- peachy, and naturalized in several of the West Indian islands. It is principally used for tinc- torial purposes, but is also employed in medicine. Sex. Syst. Eecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- te cese. Linn. Sp. PI. 549. Griffith, Med Bot. 252. It com-es in logs of a dark color externally, and deep red internally; for medical use, it is chip- ped or rasped. It has a feeble but peculiar odor, and a sweetish, somewhat astringent taste. It is used as a mild astringent in chronic diseases, and relaxed condition of the bowels. Infusion of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, and strain. A table- spoonful every two or three hours, in cholera and diarrhoea of children. Ellis. Decoction of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood one ounce Water two pints Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. A good astringent in diarrhcea, especially in children. Dose for an adult, two fl. ounces ; for a child about two years of age, two or three fl. drachms, several times a-day. Extract of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood one pound Water one gallon Boil to four pints, strain while hot, then evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Electuary of Extract of Logwood. R . Extract of logwood liquorice, each, two drachms Peruvian bark three drachms cascarilla one drachm Mucilage of quince sufficient Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in chronic diarrhoea, &c. Radius. Mixture of Extract of Logwood. R. Extract of logwood three drachms Boiling water seven fl. ounces Dissolve, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon six fl. drachms catechu two fl. drachms Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce, every six hours. HAMAMELIS— HELLEBORUS. 229 R. Extract of logwood three drachms Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms Water seven fl. ounces Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three or four hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. R. Extract of logwood Spirit of cinnamon three drachms one fl. ounce and a-half seven fl. ounces two fl. drachms Water Tincture of kino Mix. In the same doses, and in the same diseases, as the last. Swediaur. HAMAMELIS. Witch Hazel. The Hamamelis Virginica is a large native shrub, found along streams in most parts of the country, presenting several varieties. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Hama- melidaceEe. Pursh. Fl. Am. i. 116. Griffith, Med. Bot. 350. The parts used are the bark and leaves. These are bitter and astringent, leaving a sen- sation of sweetness. They are considered seda- tive, astringent and tonic, and useful in bowel affections and hemorrhages, and externally as an application to tumours, painful hemorrhoids, &c. They are used in infusion, decoction, or poultice. HEDEOMA. Pennyroyal. Hedeoma pulegioides is a small, annual, aro- matic plant, abundant in most parts of the United States, growing in dry, sterile situations. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Sex. Syst. Lauriaceoe. Persoon. Synop. ii. 131. Griffith, Med. Bot. 508. The whole plant is used. It has a warm, pungent taste, and a powerful aromatic odor. It is a stimulating aromatic, used to obviate nausea and relieve flatulence, and also, in domestic practice, as an emmenagogue. Infusion op Pennyroyal. R. Pennyroyal two drachms Boiling water suflicient to afford six ounces of strained infusion. To be taken freely, in a warm state, at bedtime, the feet previously bathed in hot water, in amenorrhoea. Oil op Pennyroyal. R. Pennyroyal at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil. Dose, two to ten drops, in flatulent colic and nausea. HELENIUM. Sneezewort. Sneezewort, or Helenium autumnale, is an in- digenous plant, found in wet situations, in most parts of the United States, flowering in the autumn. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceee. Torrey & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. Griffith, Med. Bot. 398. This plant is almost inodorous, but has a bitter, somewhat pungent, acrid taste. It is tonic, dia- phoretic, and powerfully errhine; this latter property is most developed in the flowers, and especially the central florets ; these, when pow- dered, may be used in those cases to which err- hines are applicable. HELIANTHEMUM. PROSTWEED. The Helianthemum Canadense is a native pe- rennial plant, growing in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cistacese. Mich. Fl. i. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cest. 313. It has little or no odor, but an astringent, some- what aromatic, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has proved beneficial in scrofula. HELLEBORUS. Black Hellebore. Several species of Helleborus are possessed of almost identical medical properties, but the only one used in this country, is H. nigra, so called on account of the color of its roots. It is a native of mountain woods, in many parts of Europe, and is cultivated as an ornamental flowering plant. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- culaceEe. Linn. Sp. PI. 783. Griffith, Med. Bot. 85. The parts used are the small fibres, or roots, which are about as thick as straw, and black ; they proceed from a rhizome or caudex, and have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitter, un- pleasant, acrid taste. Black hellebore is a dras- tic hydragogue purgative ; having, also, con- siderable emmenagogue powers. The dose in powder is from ten to twenty grains, as a purge; two or three grains, as an alterative. Compound Black Hellebore Pills. R. Powdered black hellebore fifteen grain* Calomel five grains Powdered ipecacuanha three grains Syrup of ginger sufficient Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken every four hours, in dropsy, till full purgation is caused. Ainslic. 230 HEMIDESMUS. Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore at will Exhaust by means of the displacement process, with cold diluted alcohol. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to fifteen grains, as a drastic purge. Vino-Alcoholic Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore two pounds Carbonate of potassa half a pound Diluted alcohol eight pints Macerate for twelve hours, express, and pour on the residuum White wine eight pints Digest for twenty-four hours, express, mix the two tinctures and evaporate. Cottereau. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Pills of Extract of Black Hellebore. R. Vino-alcoholic extract of black hellebore Extract of myrrh, each, two ounces Powder of blessed thistle one ounce Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Ten to twenty a-day, in amenorrhoea, dropsy, &c. Radius. These pills are much used in Europe, under the name of Bacher's pills. R . Extract of black hellebore Assafetida Gum ammoniac Soap, each, two drachms Rhubarb sufficient Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, ten to twelve, morning and evening, as a purgative and emmena- gogue. Augurtin. Tincture of Black Hellebore. R. Bruised black hellebore four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Used as an emmenagogue. in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm, night and morning, watch- ing its action. Mixture with Tincture of Black Hellebore. R. Tincture of black hellebore half a fl. ounce Tincture of myrrh one fl. ounce Spanish flies two fl. drachms Mix. Thirty drops, three times a day, in sugar and water, as an emmenagogue. Compound Wine of Black Helle- bore. R. Bruised black hellebore one ounce wormwood a handful White wine four pints Macerate for three days, express, and fil- ter. Two to three spoonfuls, in the morning, fasting. In dropsy. Brunner. Ointment of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore one to two drachms Lard one ounce Mix. As an application to obstinate her- petic eruptions. Souberian. HEMIDESMUS. Indian Sarsaparilla. The H. indicus is a native of many parts of India. It is a climbing plant, and has been long used in the East as an efficient medicinal agent, but was almost unknown in Europe, or this country, until about 1819. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- piadaceas. Brown, Hort. Kev. ii. 75. Griffith, Med. Bot. 453. The root, which is the part used, is long, tor- tuous, rugose, with longitudinal furrows ; it is brownish, externally, and has a peculiar and somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitterish taste. It has the properties of sarsaparilla ; and like it, is given in infusion, decoction, &c. These are made in the same manner as those of sarsapa- rilla, and given in the same doses, and in simi- lar diseases. Syrup of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla half a pound Boiling water one pint Digest in a covered vessel, with a gentle heat, for three or four hours, strain, add twice the weight of sugar, and make syrup. Bcasley. Mixture of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla ten drachms Extract of liquorice ten grains Distilled water ten fl. ounces Digest for twelve hours, strain, heat to 180°, and again strain. One-third, three times a-day. Beasley. R. Syrup of Indian sarsaparilla five ounces Solution of potassa half to one fl. drachm Orange-flower water one fl. ounce One fl. ounce, thrice a-day, in barley water. For gonorrhoea. Bellinarye. Infusion of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla two ounces Lime water one pint HEPATICA— HORDEUM. 231 Infuse in a close vessel for twelve hours. Dose, a wineglassful. Ashburner. Decoction op Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla two ounces Water one pint and a-half Boil down to one pint. To be taken dur- ing the day, in wineglassful doses. Pereira. HEPATICA. Liverwort. The H. triloba is a small native plant, found in most parts of the United States, and also in the northern regions of Europe and Asia, having three lobed leaves, and presenting two marked varieties: one with the lobes of the leaves rounded, the other with them acute. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun- culacese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 81. The whole herb is used. It is inodorous, and has a mucilaginous, slightly astringent and bitter- ish taste. It is a very mild, demulcent tonic and astringent, and was much employed at one time as a deobstruent in herpetic affections, and also as a remedy in diseases of the lungs. Its powers, however, are very slight. It is given in infu- sion ; to be taken freely. HERACLEUM. Masterwort. This is the root of Herackum lanatum, a very large, perennial plant, found in many parts of the United States, in waste places. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 632. Griffith, Med. Bot. 335. The part used is the root ; this resembles the parsnip in appearance, but has a rank, unplea- sant odor, and a pungent, acrid taste. It is said to be diuretic, expectorant, and antispasmodic, and has proved useful in epilepsy, attended with a disordered condition of the digestive organs. In doses of two or three drachms daily. It is also used in strong decoction, in dyspepsia with flatulence and cardialgia. HEUCHERA. Alum Root. Most of the species of Hcuchera are possessed of identical properties, but the only one recog- nized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is H. Americana. This is an indigenous plant, growing in shady, rocky situations, in most parts of the country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Saxifra- gacese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 578. Griffith, Med. Bot. 313. The root is rugose, irregular, yellowish, almost inodorous, and of a strong, styptic taste. It is a powerful astringent, and may be employed in such cases as require medicines of this class. HORDEUM. Barley. There are several species of Hordeum, but those usually cultivated in this country are H. vulgare and H. distichon, the latter of which is recognized as officinal. The native country of these is unknown, but they have been cultivated from the earliest ages. Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Grami- nacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 125. Griffith, Med. Bot. 664. The seeds are used in various forms ; in that of meal, malt, pearl barley, &c. They are one of the mildest and least irritating of the cerealia, and are much used in decoction, &c, as a nutri- tive and demulcent drink. Prepared Barley Meal. R Barley meal at will Tie it in a linen or cotton cloth, and boil it for twelve hours, then let it cool, re- move the outer crust, and pulverize the centre. A useful diet, boiled with milk, in bowel diseases. Hanover Ph. R. Barley meal twelve ounces Sugar four ounces Powdered cinnamon half a drachm Mix, and place in a proper vessel, cover- ing with wheat dough, put in an oven and bake, remove, cool, and pulverize. Half an ounce to two ounces, cooked with water or milk, forms an excellent diet, in debi- litated conditions of the system. Taddei. Barley Sugar. R. Decoction of barley a pint and a-half Sugar two pounds Boil to proper consistence, and form lozen- ges or rolls. As a demulcent in catarrh. Giordano. Decoction op Barley. R. Pearl barley two ounces Water four pints and a-half Wash the barley in cold water, drain, pour on it half a pint of the water, boil for a short time, drain off this water, add the remainder in a boiling state, and boil down to one-half, and strain. U. S. Ph. As a nutritive and demulcent drink in febrile and inflammatory diseases. Compound Decoction op Barley. R. Decoction of barley two pints Sliced figs two ounces and a-half liquorice root five drachms Stoned raisins two ounces and a-half 232 HUMULUS— HYDRARGYRUM. Water one pint Mix, and boil down to two pints, and strain. Lond. Ph. A demulcent, nutritive, and somewhat laxa- tive drink. Barley Water with Nitrate of Potassa. R. Decoction of barley one pint Nitrate of potassa two drachms Lemon juice one fl. ounce ! Mix. To be used warm as a diaphoretic drink. Ellis. HUMULUS. Hops. By this is meant the strobiles of the Humulus lupulus. a climbing vine, a native of Europe, and probably of this country. It is extensively cul- tivated for its aments or strobiles, which are largely employed in the preparation of malt liquors, and also in medicine. Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Carina- binacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 574. Hops consist of thin, somewhat translucent, leaf-like scales, of a greenish yellow color, having, near their base, two small, round, dark seeds. Their odor is strong and peculiar, somewhat narcotic, and fragrant; their taste is bitter, aro- matic, and somewhat astringent. These proper- ties depend on a peculiar secretion, called Lnpu- line (q. v.). Hops are tonic, and slightly narcotic, and are used in various conditions of the system. The dose, in substance, is from half a drachm to a drachm, but it is seldom administered in this form. Infusion of Hops. R. Hops half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, ner- vous tremors, &c. Extract of Hops. R. Hops at will Diluted alcohol sufficient Treat in a displacement apparatus, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Cottereau. Hop Mixture. R. Extract of hops two drachms Water of hops seven fl. ounces Tincture of hops half fl. ounce Syrup of orange peel one fl. ounce Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as a tonic and stomachic. Niemann. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, from one to three fl. drachms, as a tonic, and narcotic, especially in the wakefulness and tremors of drunkards. Alkaline Tincture of Hops. R. Hops Centaury, each, one ounce Peel of bitter orange two drachms Carbonate of potassa one scruple Diluted alcohol eighteen fl. ounces Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Cataplasm of Hops. R. Hops one pound Flaxseed meal two ounces Beer sufficient Mix. As an application to bruises and indolent tumors. Radius. OinTxMent of Hops. R. Hops two ounces Lard ten ounces Digest for some hours by a gentle heat, express, and strain; recommended to re- lieve the pain of cancerous sores. Swediaur. Tincture of Hops. R. Hops Diluted alcohol five ounces two pints HYDRARGYRUM. Mercury. Mercury is a brilliant, silver-white, fluid me- tal, having neither taste nor smell. It becomes solid at 39°, and hoils at 656°. Mercury, in masses, does not appear to act on the system, but when in a state of great division, it produces marked and peculiar effects. It acts as an alter- ative, deobstruent, sialagogue, &c. It has been employed in almost all diseases, in some of its preparations, each of which has some peculiar- ity of action. Purified Mercury. R. Mercury six parts Distil off four parts, very slowly. Dub. Ph. Mercury with Antimony. R. Mercury four parts Crude antimony three parts Sulphur two parts Triturate together till the mercury disap- pears. As a diaphoretic and alterative. Dose, one to four grains. Giordano. This preparation is much used in France and Germany, under the name of antimonial ethiops. Compound Mercurial Powder. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum one drachm Mercury with antimony Magnesia, each, one scruple HYDRARGYRUM. 233 Mix. To be taken in two days, in divid- ed doses, in chronic exanthematous affec- tions. Hufelancl. R. Mercury with anti- mony twenty-four grains Subcarbonate of soda eighteen grains Powdered sassafras Sugar, each, one drachm Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken daily, in chronic diseases of the skin. Sundelin. Pills op Mercury and Antimony. R. Mercury one drachm Crude antimony four scruples Flowers of sulphur two scruples Extract of opium one scruple Triturate till mercury disappears, with Syrup of mallows sufficient Divide into one hundred and fifty pills. Dose, five or six a-day. Highly spoken of by Huxham, in venereal pains, scrof- ula, &c. Baldinger. R. Mercury with antimony one drachm Extract of hemlock two drachms Soap half an ounce Galbanum Extract of ox gall, each, half a drachm Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, eight to ten, three times a-day, in scirrhus of the pylorus. Radius. Mercury with Chalk. R. Mercury three ounces Prepared chalk five ounces Rub together till all the globules disap- pear. " JJ. S. Ph. A mild preparation, well suited as an tive in complaints of children. Dose, five grains to half a drachm, twice a-day, for adults, two or three grains for a child. Mercury and Chalk. R. Mercury three ounces Resin six drachms Prepared chalk five ounces Alcohol sufficient Make a paste with the resin, and a small quantity of the alcohol ; then add the mer- cury, which may be extinguished in a short time ; add the chalk and alcohol gra- dually, so as to keep up the pasty consist- ence ; then add sufficient alcohol to dissolve out the resin, and wash the powder on a filter, and dry. Dr. Stewart, modified by P. Lehman. Mercury and Chalk with Ipecac- uanha. R. Mercury with chalk one scruple Powdered ipecacuanha ten grains Mix, and divide into six powders. One, night and morning, in syrup. In dyspep- sia with biliary derangement. Paris. Mercury and Chalk Liniment. R. Mercury Prepared chalk, each, half an ounce Triturate till globules disappear, and add Honey of roses two ounces Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ul- cers. Bories. Mercury and Gum. R. Mercury one part Gum Arabic two parts Make a mucilage with a quarter of the gum, rub the mercury with it till extin- guished, add the remainder of the gum, with as much water as is required, mix well, dry by a gentle heat, and pulverize. Paris Cod. Pills of Mercury and Gum with Hemlock. R. Mercury one part Gum Arabic two parts Syrup of violets four parts Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and add Extract of hemlock one part Powdered liquorice sufficient Mix well, and form pills of two grains. Two to four, twice a-day, as alterative. Plenck. Mercurial Mucilage op Gum Arabic. R. Mercury one part Gum Arabic two parts Water sufficient Triturate till the mercury is extinguished. This is a good preparation of mercury ; it is given in the dose of two teaspoonfuls, in syrup or mucilage, morning and night, as an alterative or anthelmintic. Beral. Mercurial Gargle. R. Mercury half a drachm Gum Arabic three drachms Syrup of poppies half an ounce Calomel six grains Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and add Decoction of clematis twenty-six fl. ounces Honey of roses one ounce Essence of myrrh one drachm Mix. As a gargle in syphilitic angina, and ozena. Plenck. Mercurial Lotion. R. Mercury one drachm 234 HYDRARGYRUM. Gum Arabic four drachms Syrup of poppies sufficient Rub together till globules disappear, and add gradually, constantly rubbing, Boiling milk eight fl. ounces As a lotion in gonorrhoea! ophthalmia, ulcers on the penis, and also as a gargle in venereal sore throat. Plenck. Mercury with Magnesia. R. Purified mercury Manna, each, two parts Carbonate of magnesia one part Rub the mercury with the manna, adding a little water, till globules disappear ; add one-eighth part of the magnesia, still rub- bing, when mixed ; then sixteen parts of hot water, and agitate ; let sediment sub- side ; then decant, and repeat washing, till all the manna is removed ; mix the residue with remainder of magnesia, and dry. Dub. Ph. A mild mercurial, well suited as an alterative in children, especially when there is constipa- tion. Dose, the same as mercury with chalk. Mercurial Blue Pills. R. Mercury one ounce Confection of roses one ounce and a-half Powdered liquorice root half an ounce Bub the mercury with the confection, till all the globules disappear, add the liquorice root, and beat into mass. Divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. One of the mildest and best of the mercurial preparations. From five to fifteen grains as a purgative; one pill every night, or every other night, as alterative ; one pill, two or three times a-day, as an alterative. Each pill contains one grain of mercury. Blue Pill with Jalap. R. Blue pill Powdered jalap aloes, each, fifteen grains Mix, and form twelve pills; three at night, as a purgative. Ellis. Blue Pill with Rhubarb. R. Blue pill nine grains Powdered rhubarb Bicarbonate of soda, each, twelve grains Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, twice or thrice a-day, as an alterative, in hepatic derangement. Hartshorne. Blue Pill with Colocynth. R. Blue pill Extract of colocynth, each, five grains Oil of caraway two drops Mix, and make two pills. A very active purgative. Ellis. Blue Pill and Quinia. R. Blue pill Sulphate of quinia Powdered aloes, each, twelve grains Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, twice to four times a-day, as a tonic alterative in deranged condition of liver, consequent to fevers. Ellis. Compound Mercurial Pills. R. Blue pill five grains Powdered ipecacuanha two grains Camphor one grain and a-half Syrup of ginger sufficient Mix, and make two pills. One, morning and evening, in hepatitis, till mouth is affected. Ainslie. R . Blue pill four grains Compound powder of squill six grains Powdered ipecacuanha two grains Syrup of ginger sufficient Mix, and make three pills. To be taken in a day; in hepatic obstruction, threaten- ing dropsy. Ainslie. R. Blue pill Antimonial pow- der, each, two and a-half grains Opium half a grain Syrup of ginger sufficient Make a pill. To be taken at bedtime; in venereal blotches, attended with diarrhoea. Ainslie. Abernethy's Pill. R . Blue pill ten grains Powdered jalap twenty grains Syrup of buckthorn sufficient Mix well, and divide into six pills. Two at night, with a wineglassful of infusion of senna, in the morning. Gooley. Mercurial Mixture. R. Mercury six drachms Syrup of poppies one ounce Triturate till globules disappear, and add Orange-flower water two fl. ounces Rose water one fl. ounce Mix well. Dose, a spoonful, morning and night, in gastrodynia and spasmodic vomit- ing. Cadet de Gassicourt. Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercury two pounds Lard twenty-three ounces Suet one ounce Rub the mercury with the suet and a little of the lard, till the globules disappear; add the remainder of the lard, mixing well. U. S. Ph. HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. This is the strong mercurial ointment. It can he weakened by the addition of lard, as may be wished. Used as an inunction to mercurialize the system, by rubbing about a drachm on inside of thighs, twice a-day. R. Mercury two pounds Lard, rendered rancid by exposure in a damp, di- vided state four ounces Lard nineteen ounces Suet one ounce Triturate the mercury and rancid lard, until the globules disappear, then add the lard and suet, and triturate until the tex- ture of the mass is uniform. W. Procter. Camphorated Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercurial ointment one ounce Camphor one drachm Mix. Used like the former; also to dis- perse indolent swellings. Mercurial Cataplasm. R. Mercurial ointment half an ounce Camphor two drachms Boiling milk three ounces Crumb of bread sufficient Mix, and form cataplasm. Radius. Mercurial Cerate. R. Mercurial ointment Simple cerate equal parts Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ul- cers. Guibourt. Compound Mercurial Cerate. R. Mercurial ointment Soap cerate, each, four ounces Camphor one ounce Rub well together. Lond. Ph. As an application to disperse indolent swell- ings. Compound Mercurial Liniment. R. Mercurial ointment Lard, each, four ounces Camphor one ounce Rectified spirit one fl. drachm Solution of ammonia four fl. ounces Rub the camphor with the spirit, then with the lard and mercurial ointment ; lastly, add gradually the solution of ammonia, and mix well. Lond. Ph. As a stimulating liniment, in chronic swellings, glandular tumors, &c. Opiated Mercurial Liniment. R . Mercurial ointment four parts Oil of sweet almonds forty-eight parts Tincture of opium three parts Mix well. Advised in inflamed ulcers of the glans penis, to be applied two or three times a-day. St. Marie. 235 Compound Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercurial ointment two ounces Lard twelve ounces Powdered stavesacre three ounces Melt the lard, and add the other ingredi- ents, mixing well. As an application to destroy lice. Giordano. R. Mild mercurial ointment eight parts Soft soap two parts Camphor one part Rub well together. Recommended in periostitis, and engorgements of the testi- cles. Swediaur. Mercurial and Belladonna Plaster. R. Mercurial ointment one ounce Ammoniac six drachms Extract of belladonna four drachms Hydrocyanic acid thirty drops Make mass with ammoniac, and extract with a little water, mix mercurial ointment and acid, and rub the whole together. Use- ful as an application to scirrhous and scrofulous tumors. Med.- Ghirurq. Pharm. Ointment of Mercury and Bella- donna. R. Strong mercurial ointment thirty parts Extract of belladonna four parts opium one part Balsam of Peru sufficient Mix well, as an application to painful he- morrhoidal tumors. Mignot. Mercurial Plaster. R. Mercury six ounces Olive oil Resin, each, two ounces Lead plaster one pound Melt the oil and resin together, and, when cool, rub the mercury with them, till the globules disappear; gradually add the lead plaster, previously melted, and mix well. U. S. Ph. As an application to buboes, venereal nodes, &c. R. Mercurial ointment one ounce Oil of turpentine Camphor, each, two drachms Simple cerate one ounce Mix well. Used as a rubefacient applica- tion over the region of the liver, when blisters cannot be used. Ellis. HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. Acetate of Mercury. Acetate op Protoxide of Mercury. R. Protonitrate of mercury one part 236 HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM— HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. Distilled water six parts Dissolve the salt in water, acidified with a little nitric acid, add a solution of acetate of soda or potassa, filter, wash, and dry the precipitate. Beral. Pills op Acetate of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury one pound Distilled vinegar eight pints Dissolve, and triturate a pint of this solu- tion with Flake manna two pounds Rubbing the mixture for a long time, dry before the fire, often stirring ; when of a proper consistence, form pills of a grain and a-half. Ghiibourt. These pills were highly esteemed under the name of Keysets pills. They contain, at first, the acetate of the deutoxide, but this gradually changes to the acetate of the protoxide, then to an oxide ; therefore, the following have been sub- stituted. R. Acetate of mercury Flake manna Powdered gum Arabic, each, one scruple Rose water sufficient Beat into mass, and form twenty pills. As a sialagogue, three to be taken at night, or one three times a-day. Ellis. Pills of Acetate of Mercury and Opium. R. Acetate of mercury Opium Camphor, each, thirty grains Syrup of poppies sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. Garmichacl. Solution of Acetate of Mercury. R . Acetate of mercury ten or twelve grains Rose water five fl. ounces Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutane- ous affections. Niemann. Liniment of Acetate of Mercury. R. Acetate of mercury one part Olive oil two parts Lard six parts Rub the salt with a little of the lard, and then add gradually the remainder, and then the oil, constantly rubbing. Used as an application in herpes. Van Maws. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, with the aid of heat, and when cold add the solution of ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, and dry it. U. S. Ph. This is seldom, if ever, used, except as an external remedy. U. S. Ph. Ointment op White Precipitate. R. White precipitate one drachm Simple ointment one ounce and a-half Soften the ointment over a gentle fire, and mix the white precipitate. U. JS. Ph. As an application to cutaneous eruptions. HYDRARGYRI BORAS. Borate of Mercury. R. Calomel twenty-two parts Borate of soda twenty-six parts Triturate together; in a quarter of an hour add a little water, then gradually, more constantly rubbing, permit to settle, decant, wash the precipitate till the washings are insipid, and dry. Van Moms. The borate of mercury is said to resemble calomel in its action. Dose, two grains a-day, gradually augmenting. HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIA- TUM. White Precipitate. R. Corrosive sublimate six ounces Distilled water one gallon Solution of ammonia eight fl. ounces HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. Bromide of Mercury. There are two bromides of mercury; one the protobromide, answering to calomel ; the other the bibromide, like corrosive sublimate, an irri- tant poison. Protobromide of Mercury. R. Solution of bromide of potassium at will Add a weak solution of protonitrate of mercury, as long as it causes a precipitate; wash this, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, one grain a-day, gradually increased, as an alterative; in four or five grains as a pur- gative. Magendie. Bibromide of Mercury. R. Bromine Mercury, each, equal parts Mix, and sublime. Dose, one-twentieth of a grain, gradually increased to a fourth. In syphilis. Magendie. Ethereal Solution of Bro3iide of Mercury. R. Bibromide of mercury one grain Sulphuric ether one fl. drachm Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in barley water. In syphilis and lepra. Wernech. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 237 HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Corrosive Sublimate. Corrosive sublimate is a very energetic and poisonous preparation, requiring much care in its exhibition. It will produce the usual effects of the other mercurials, but is less apt to salivate. It is much used in secondary syphilis, and as an alterative, and also as an external application, a stimulant, and escharotic. The best antidote, when poisonous doses have been taken, is albu- men, followed by an emetic. Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate Muriate of ammonia, each, ten grains Distilled water (imp. meas.) one pint Dissolve. Lond. Ph. A fl. ounce contains half a grain of the mer- curial salt. The dose is from one to four fl. drachms, in some mucilaginous drink. Alcoholic Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R . Corrosive sublimate one to two grains Diluted alcobol four fl. ounces Dissolve. A tablespoonful, night and morn- ing, in decoction of sarsaparilla. Ellis. Powder op Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. R. Corrosive sublimate Sulphate of copper, each, ten grains Nitrate of silver six grains Mix. Applied to venereal excrescences, previously moistened with water. Kruzer. Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and Zinc. R. Corrosive sublimate Sulphate of zinc equal parts Mix. In onychia maligna, sprinkled on the sore, and covered with lint soaked in tinc- ture of myrrh. Perkins. Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate five grains Distilled water thirty to forty drops Confection of roses one scruple Powdered liquorice sufficient Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, and add the other articles, and rub well together. Make forty pi lis. One, from three to four times a-day, in syphilis. Ellis. Compound Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate half a grain Extract of Peruvian bark ten grains opium half a grain Powdered Peruvian bark sufficient Beat together, and make two pills. One, morning and evening. Each contains a quarter of a grain of the mercurial salt. They require much caution in their use. In syphilis. Dupuytren. R. Corrosive sublimate six grains Dissolve in Distilled water sufficient and add Extract of hemlock one drachm Powdered hemlock sufficient Beat into mass, and make forty-eight pills, to be given like the above. Each pill contains an eighth of a grain of corrosive sublimate. Ellis. Corrosive Sublimate Mixture. R. Corrosive sublimate four grains Muriate of ammonia eight grains Diluted alcohol two fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful twice a-day, in barley water, in syphilis. Ainslie. R. Corrosive sublimate eight grains Muriatic acid twenty-four drops Comp. tincture carda- mom eight fl. ounces Mix. Dose, two drachms, morning and evening, in a wineglassful of sugar and water. In syphilis. Guibourt. R. Corrosive sublimate two grains Distilled water six fl. ounces Spirit of cinnamon Syrup, each, one fl. ounce Mix. One or two spoonfuls, twice or thrice a-day, in venereal cases. Ellis. Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate three to six grains Distilled water sufficient Dissolve, and add Extract of hemlock chamomile, each, two drachms Tincture of opium one fl. drachm Honey of roses one ounce Mix. As an application to venereal ulcers, in the throat, and on the labia pudendi. Rust. R. Corrosive sublimate one drachm Distilled water six fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Muriate of ammonia two drachms Nitrate of potassa half an ounce Dissolve. As a wash in itch. Good. Cosmetic Lotion with Corrosive Sub- limate. R . Blanched sweet almonds one ounce bitter almonds four drachms Cherry water ten fl. ounces 2cix HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Make an emulsion, and add Corrosive sublimate six grains Tincture of benzoin six fl. dracbms Lemon juice four fl. dracbms Mix. As a wash for eruptions on tbe face, to be used morning and evening, previously to be shaken. It must be used with cau- tion. Cadet de Gassicourt. Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. R. Corrosive sublimate two grains Acetate of copper six grains Distilled water two pints Dissolve. As a wash in obstinate porrigo. Augustin. 'Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Camphor. R. Corrosive sublimate half a drachm Camphor one drachm Diluted alcohol one ounce Dissolve. As an application to destroy condylomata. Phoebus. Bateman's Mercurial Lotion. R. Corrosive sublimate two grains Compound spirit of lavender one fl. ounce Distilled water four fl. ounces Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutane- ous eruptions. Bateman. Antacrid Tincture. R. Powdered resin of guaiacum Canada balsam, each, one ounce Corrosive sublimate one scruple Oil of sassafras two fl. drachms Alcohol eight fl. ounces Dissolve the mercurial salt in one-half the alcohol, and then add the remainder, and the other ingredients ; after a due digestion, filter. Ten to twenty drops, morning and evening, in wine or water, in syphilis. Ellis. COLLYRIUM OF CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE. R. Corrosive sublimate two grains Opium ten grains Rose water four fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Mucilage of quince seeds half an ounce Mix. Van Mons. Injection of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate three grains Water of rosemary Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces Dissolve. As an injection in fistula lachry- malis. Beer. R. Corrosive sublimate one drachm Alcohol one fl. ounce Dissolve, add from five to twenty drops to a solution of Sulphate of zinc five to ten grains In Water four fl. ounces A drachm to be injected into the urethra, three times a-day, in gonorrhoea. Whately. Yellow Wash. R. Corrosive sublimate one to three grains Lime water one fl. ounce Dissolve. Ellis. R. Corrosive sublimate one scruple Carbonate of potassa one drachm Rub together, and add gradually Distilled water one pint Mix. Span. Ph. These preparations are employed as lotions to venereal and phagedenic ulcers, and should be shaken up when used. Cosmetic Wash. R. Blanched bitter almonds six ounces Beef tea sixty-four ounces Make an emulsion, and add Corrosive sublimate half an ounce Lemon juice ten ounces Solution of carbonate of potassa half an ounce Incorporate gradually White of egg six ounces Strain, and add Camphor, rubbed with mucilage gum Arabic half a drachm Mix well. It is said to be an effectual wash for eruptions on the face, but must be used with extreme caution, and very seldom. Van Mons. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Calomel. Calomel is prepared by several modes, on the large scale, and is seldom or never made by the apothecary. The several processes will be found, with judicious observations on each, in the U. S. Dispensatory. It is used in almost every disease, either as purgative, alterative, an- thelmintic, &c. As a purgative it is peculiar, in not producing effects in proportion to the dose. Powder of Calomel and Antimony. R. Calomel Golden sulphuret of antimony equal parts Triturate together. This powder has been much celebrated under the name of Plum- mets Alterative, as a deobstruent and al- terative. The dose is from five to ten HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. grains a-day, in divided doses. It should be used recently prepared, as in a short time it changes to sulphuret of mercury, and oxide of antimony. Guibourt. Powder op Calomel and Jalap. R. Calomel five grains Powdered jalap ten grains Mix. As a purgative, to be mixed with syrup or molasses. Ellis. R. Calomel three grains Powdered jalap Sugar, each, ten grains Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night, or early in the morning, in bilious fevers, and obstructed bowels. A. T. Thomson. Powder op Calomel, Antimony, and Henbane. R. Calomel one grain Glolden sulphuret of antimony three grains Powdered extract of henbane one grain Powdered sugar half a drachm Mix. To be taken night and morning, in spasmodic diseases; is said to have proved very useful in nyctalopia. Phoebus. Powder of Calomel, Jalap, and Rhu- barb. R. Calomel Powdered jalap rhubarb, each, five grains Oil of cinnamon one drop Mix. As a purgative, to be given in syrup or molasses. Ellis. Powder op Calomel and Foxglove. R. Calomel three grains Powdered foxglove four grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Two a-day, in chronic hydrocephalus. Berends. Powder op Calomel, Nitrate op Potassa, &c. R. Calomel six grains Nitrate of potassa one drachm Tartar emetic half a grain Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, as a diaphoretic in fe- brile affections. Ellis. Powder op Calomel and Opium. R. Calomel sixteen grains Powdered opium four grains ipecacuanha eight grains Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, 239 to be taken every hour or two. In dys- entery. Chapman. Powder op Calomel and Gamboge. R. Calomel five grains Powdered gamboge six to ten grains Mix. As an anthelmintic. R. Calomel Powdered gamboge rhubarb cinnamon, each, two drachms Mix. Dose, five to twenty grains. A. T. Thomson. Anthelmintic Purgative. R. Calomel three grains Compound powder of scammony twelve grains Mix. To be taken at once, in cases of lumbrici. A. T. Thomson. Powder op Calomel and Pink Root. R. Calomel four grains Powdered pink root ten grains Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- cession, also on afternoon of second day, followed by a mild purgative, as an anthel- mintic for children over four years of age. Ellis. Dry Collyrium op Calomel. R. Calomel Powdered sugar, each, half a drachm opium ten grains Mix. To be blown into the eye, in ulcers of the cornea. Radius. Calomel Pills. R. Calomel half an ounce Powdered gum Arabic one drachm Syrup sufficient Mix the calomel and gum, then beat with syrup into mass, and divide into two hun- dred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. A very convenient form to give calomel, whether as purgative, alterative, &c. ; each pill contains one grain of calomel. Pills of Calomel, Quinia, &c. R. Calomel six grains Powdered opium three grains Sulphate of quinia twelve grains Syrup sufficient Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning, as an alterative in conditions following bilious fever. Ellis. Pills of Calomel and Acetate op Lead. R. Acetate of lead half a drachm Calomel five grains Confection of roses sufficient 240 HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Form mass, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two to four hours, in hematamesis, &c. Ellis. Pills or Calomel and Dandelion. R. Calomel four grains Extract of dandelion eighteen grains Mix. To be taken in a day, in divided doses, in abdominal obstructions. Br era. Pills op Calomel, Squill, &c. R. Plummer's powder twelve grains Gum ammoniac two grains Extract of dandelion three grains Powdered squill half a drachm Beat together, and form pills of three grains. Dose, five, three or four times a- day, in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, with anasarca supervening on in- termittent fever. St. Marie. Pills of Calomel and Iron. R. Calomel Golden sulphuret of antimony Sulphate of iron Myrrh, each, one drachm Syrup sufficient Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Dose, four, morning and evening, in the same cases as above. Swediaur. Pills of Calomel and Catechu. R. Powdered catechu Balsam copaiba, each, three drachms Calomel one scruple Syrup of comfrey sufficient Beat into mass, and make one hundred and fifty pills. Four, thrice a-day, in leucor- rhoea or gonorrhoea. St. Marie. Compound Calomel Pills. R. Calomel Oxysulphuret of anti- mony, each, two drachms Powdered guaiacum resin half an ounce Molasses two drachms Rub the calomel with the antimony, and then with the other ingredients, till well incorporated. Lond. Ph. These pills are known as Plummer's pills, and have been muph employed in chronic rheuma- tism, and obstinate cutaneous affections, especi- ally when there is a syphilitic taint. The dose is from three to six grains, twice a-day. R. Calomel two scruples Precipitated sulphuret of antimony one drachm Guaiacum two drachms Balsam copaiba sufficient Mix, and make sixty pills. Three at night, in venereal herpes, till mouth is affected; also using frequent tepid baths. Ainslie. Compound Cathartic Pills. R. Powdered compound ex- tract of colocynth half an ounce Extract of jalap Calomel, each, three drachms Gamboge two scruples Mix, and with water beat into a mass. To be divided into one hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. As a cathartic or laxative, in cases where there is derangement of the liver. Dose, as a purgative, about ten grains ; as a laxative, one of the pills. Pills of Calomel and Colocynth. R. Compound extract of colocynth forty-eight grains Calomel one scruple Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Two or three will act as a cathartic. Ellis. Pills op Calomel and Antimony. R. Calomel ten grains Golden sulphuret of antimony one scruple Extract of pot marigold hemlock, each, two drachms Mix, and beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day, in chronic indurations. Rust. R. Calomel six grains Kermes mineral twelve grains Syrup of elder sufficient to make six pills. One every two hours, on the decline of peripneumonia, and in the cough of children arising from worms. Brer a. Pills op Calomel and Guaiacum. R. Calomel Resin of guaiacum, each, two drachms Powdered mallows four ounces Syrup sufficient Form mass, and make pills of four grains. Dose, four or five a-day, in syphilis. Alibert. Pills of Calomel, Jalap, &c. R. Calomel Resin of jalap Compound extract of rhubarb Soap equal parts Form mass, and make pills of one grain. Dose, ten to twelve grains, as purgative and anthelmintic. Par. Cod. Pills of Calomel and Opium. R. Calomel two grains Opium half a grain Mix face. HYDRARGYRI ET QUINLffi CHLORIDUM— HYDR. CYANURE Thrice a-day, in r i;ia of the Leslie. Electuary with Calomel, &c. R. Calomel ten grains Powdered rhubarb semen contra valerian, each, two drachms Conserve of worm- wood one ounce and a-half Oxymel of squill sufficient Mix. A drachm to half an ounce, in epilepsy, complicated with worms. Swecliaur. Calomel Ointment. R. Calomel ' one drachm Rose ointment three drachms Mix. As an application in herpes. Dupuytren. R. Calomel one drachm Sublimed sulphur two drachms Lard one ounce Mix well. In obstinate cutaneous affec- tions. Fouquier. Ointment or Calomel and Squill. R. Calomel Powdered squill, each, half a drachm Lard two drachms Oil of roses four drops Mix. In chronic swellings of the joints. Dupuytren. Ointment op Calomel and Acetate op Copper. R. Calomel Acetate of copper, each, one scruple Lard eleven drachms Mix well. As an application in porrigo. Cadet de Gassicourt. Ointment of Calomel, Alum, &c. R. Calomel two drachms Burnt alum White oxide of lead, each, half an ounce Oil of turpentine two drachms Simple cerate one ounce and a-half Mix well. As an application to tinea capitis, to be applied at night, and washed off in the morning. Ellis. Calomel and Camphor Ointment. R. Calomel half a drachm Camphor twelve grains Lard one ounce Mix. As an application in lichen. Bidt. 16 HYDRARGrYRI ET QUINI.E CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Mercury and Quinine. R. Bichloride of mercury one part Muriate of quinine three parts Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity of water, and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDermott. Pills op Chloride op Mercury and Quinine. R. Chloride of mercury and quinine fifteen grains Opium six grains Crumb of bread sufficient Mix well, and make thirty pills. One, thrice a-day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. HYDRARGrYRI CYANU- RETUM. Cyanuret op Mercury. R . Ferrocyanuret of iron four ounces Red oxide of mercury three ounces Distilled water three pounds Put the ferrocyanuret of iron and the oxide of mercury, well powdered and mix- ed, into a glass vessel, and pour on them two pints of the water. Boil, and stir, and if in half an hour a blue color remains, add a small portion of oxide of mercury, and continue boiling until the mixture becomes of a yellowish color; then filter, wash the residue in a pint of distilled water, and again filter; mix the solutions, and evaporate, and crystallize. Purify these by dissolving in distilled water, fil- tering and evaporating. TJ. S. Ph. It is given in doses of a sixteenth to an eighth of a grain, in syphilis, chronic inflammation of the thoracic and abdominal organs, &c, and also is employed externally in porrigo, and other cutaneous affections. Solution op Cyanuret op Mercury. R. Cyanuret of mercury four grains Distilled water eight fl. ounces Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Chaussier. Compound Pills op Cyanuret op Mercury. R. Cyanuret of mercury six grains Opium twelve grains Crumb of bread one drachm Honey sufficient 242 HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. Mis, and make ninety-six pills. One, morning and evening. Guibourt. R. Cyanuret of mercury eighteen grains Muriate of ammonia Extract of aconite, each, three drachms box one ounce and a-half Oil of anise one scruple Beat together, and make four hundred pills. Two, morning and evening. Cadet. Compound Tincture of Cyanuret of Mercury. R . Cyanuret of mercury eighteen grains Water fourteen fl. ounces Alcohol ten fl. ounces Muriate of ammonia Extract of aconite, each, three drachms box one ounce and a-half Oil of sassafras twenty-four drops Dissolve the cyanuret in the water, add the ammonia, extract, and alcohol, let stand for some hours, filter, and add es- sential oil. (jrARGLE OF CYANURET OF MERCURY. R . Cyanuret of mercury ten grains Barley water one pint Honey of roses one ounce Mix. As a gargle. Br era. R . Sarsaparilla half an ounce Water sixteen fl. ounces Boil, and add towards close of operation Fresh hemlock two drachms Strain, and add to eight ounces of filtered liquid Cyanuret of mercury two grains As a gargle. Midler. Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Cyanuret of mercury twelve grains Lard one ounce Rub well together. As an application to venereal ulcers. Foy. R . Cyanuret of mercury sixteen grains Lard one ounce Oil of lemon fifteen drops Rub together. As an application to moist tetter. Biett. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Mercury. R. Mercury one ounce Iodine five drachms Alcohol sufficient Rub the mercury and iodine together, adding sufficient alcohol to form a soft paste, and continue rubbing till globules disappear. Dry the iodide in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep from light, in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. The dose is about a grain a-day, gradually in- creased to three or four. Used in scrofula, and scrofulous syphilis. Powder of Iodide of Mercury. R . Iodide of mercury one to eight grains Magnesia one drachm Mix. Divide into twelve powders. One, three times a-day. Radius. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R . Iodide of mercury five grains Confection of roses sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. One, three times a-day. . Ellis. R . Iodide of mercury one drachm Confection of dog rose three drachms Powdered ginger one drachm Beat together. Dose, five to ten grains. Loud. Ph. R . Iodide of mercury one grain Extract of juniper twelve grains Powdered liquorice sufficient Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morn- ing and evening, gradually increasing to double the number. Magendie. Compound Pills of Iodide of Mer- cury. R . Iodide of mercury six grains Extract of opium four grains Lactucarium twenty-four grains Extract of guaiacum forty-eight grains Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. In syphilis of children ; one pill to a child six months old, and two to four at more advanced ages. Ricord. R. Iodide of mercury half a drachm Extract of guaiacum one drachm lettuce two scruples sarsaparilla sufficient Mix, and make seventy-two pills. One, and then two daily. Biett. R. Iodide of mercury Extract of lettuce, each, half a drachm hemlock one drachm Mix, and make thirty pills. Ricord. R. Iodide of mercury two scruples Aloes Sulphate of iron Myrrh, each, half a drachm Oil of savine twenty drops Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, thrice a-day, in amenorrhcea. Barbour. Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury one scruple Lard one ounce and a-half HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM— HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 243 Kub well together. In scrofulous swell- ings, indolent granular tumors, &c. Soubeiran. R. Iodide of mercury White wax Lard Melt the wax and lard, iodide. As a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, &c. R . Iodide of mercury six grains Acetate of morphia eight grains Lard one ounce Rub well together. As an application to obstinate glandular swellings. Pelletan. one ounce two ounces six ounces and stir in the Loud. Ph. R. Iodide of mercury Soap Rose water Rose ointment Mix. one drachm half a drachm two drachms six drachms Riecke. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide op Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate one ounce Iodide of potassium ten drachms Distilled water two pints Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a pint and a-half, and the iodide in half a pint, of the water, and mix the solutions. Fil- ter, and wash the collected precipitate with distilled water. Dry by a gentle heat, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. V. S. Ph. Much more active than the iodide. Used in the same cases, in doses of a sixteenth, gradu- ally increased to the fourth of a grain. Pills op Red Iodide op Mercury. R . Red iodide of mercury one grain Extract of juniper twelve grains Powdered liquorice sufficient Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morning and evening. Guibourt R . Red iodide of mercury five grains Syrup sufficient Rub well together, and then with Crumb of bread Sugar, each, sufficient to make sixty pills. Two, morning and evening, gradually increasing. Radius. Wash op Red Iodide op Mercury. R . Red iodide of mercury twelve grains Distilled water six fl. ounces Mix. As a lotion to scrofulous ulcers. Radius. Tincture op Red Iodide op Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury twenty grains Alcohol (-837) one fl. ounce and a-half Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in distilled water. Twenty-six drops contain about an eighth of a grain. Foy. Ethereal Tincture op Red Iodide op Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury twenty grains Sulphuric ether one ounce and a-half Dissolve. Rather more powerful than the last, and therefore to be given in smaller doses. Magendie. Ointment op Red Iodide op Mercury. R. Prepared like the ointment of the iodide. Lond. Ph. It is more active than the ointment of the iodide. R. Red iodide of mercury one scruple Lard one ounce and a-half Rub well together. As a dressing to ob- stinate venereal ulcers. Soubeiran.. R. Red iodide of mercury fifteen grains Lard one ounce Essence of bergamot twenty drops Mix well. As an application to chronic cutaneous affections. Foy, HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. Nitrate op Mercury. Nitrate op the Protoxide op Mer- cury. R. Mercury Nitric acid equal parts Dissolve, with aid of a gentle heat, then boil until a yellow sediment is formed, de- cant, and permit to crystallize. GuibourL Pills op Jrotonitrate op Mercury. R . Protonitrate of mercury ten grains Extract of liquorice forty grains Beat into mass with a little water, and form sixty pills. Foy. Ointment op Nitrate of Mercury. R. Mercury one ounce Nitric acid eleven fl. drachms Fresh neat's foot oil nine fl. ounces Lard three ounces Dissolve the mercury in the acid, melt the oil and lard together, and when they be- come thick, on cooling, add the solution, and mix well. U. S. Ph. A stimulant and alterative application, nsed in most cases diluted with lard. Employed in various skin diseases, &c. It is known under the name of Citrine ointment. 244 HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM— HYDR. OXIDUM RUBRUM. four parts half a part sufficient Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury and Lead. R. Mercury Lead Dissolve separately in Nitric acid Then mix with Oil of almonds twenty-four parts Lard forty-eight parts First the mercurial and then the saturnine .solution, rub well together. Van Mons. Advised by Armstrong in porrigo favosa. Liniment of Nitrate of Mercury. R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury two ounces and a-half Simple cerate seven ounces and a-half Olive oil five fl. ounces and a-half Mix well. Beasley. R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury Almond oil equal parts Triturate together till perfectly mixed. Sir H. Hertford. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NI- GRUM. Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Calomel Potassa, each, four ounces Water one pint Dissolve the potassa in the water, let settle and decant ; add the calomel, stirring well till the black oxide is formed, decant, wash the oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. Alterative, purgative, and sialagogue. Black Wash. R. Calomel one drachm Lime water four fl. ounces Mix well. As a lotion to vAiereal and phagedenic ulcers. Ellis. R. Calomel half a drachm Powdered opium two drachms Lime water two fl. ounces Mix. As a dressing for chancres. Rust. Pills of Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Black oxide of mercury one drachm Confection of roses three drachms Powdered chamomile half a drachm Mix. As a substitute for blue pill. Ointment of Black Oxide of Mer- cury. R. Black oxide of mercury one part Lard sixteen parts Subject to a temperature of 300° to 320° for an hour, stirring continually, remove, and stir till cold. As a substitute for mer- curial ointment. Donovan. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Mercury thirty-six ounces Nitric acid fourteen fl. ounces Water two pints Dissolve the mercury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water, evaporate to dry- ness. Rub to powder, and heat in a shal- low vessel, as long as red vapors arise. U. S. Ph. R. Purified mercury at will Put in an open glass vessel, with narrow mouth and broad bottom ; expose to heat of 100°, till converted into red scales. Dub. Ph. R. Corrosive sublimate four ounces Solution of po- tassa twenty-eight fl. ounces Distilled water six pints Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, and add the solution of potassa. Let settle, decant, wash the precipitate with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat. Lond. Ph. These preparations are seldom used internally in this country, as they are harsh and uncertain in their operation, but are much employed ex- ternally as stimulants and escharotics. Pills of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury Powdered opium, each, one grain Oil of cloves two drops Mix, and make three pills. One, every night for a week, in venereal complaints. Ellis. R. Red oxide of mercury Acetate of morphia Powdered mallow root Water, each, Mix, and form twenty pills, ing and evening. Powder of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury Burnt alum, each, half a drachm Powdered savine two drachms As an application to condyloma, whitlow, &c. Phoebus. Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, in fine powder, one ounce three grains one grain sufficient One, morn- Radius. HYDRARGYRI PHOSPHAS— HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. 245 Simple ointment eight ounces Soften the ointment by a gentle heat, and add oxide of mercury and mix well. U. S. Ph. An efficacious, stimulating application to foul and indolent ulcers, psorophtbalmia, &c. Where it is too stimulating, dilute with lard. R. Eed oxide of mercury one drachm Venice turpentine one ounce Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers, and also used in itch. Ellis. Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury and Sulphur. R. Eed oxide of mercury Mercury, each, one part Precipitated sulphur sixteen parts Triturate till globules disappear, and add Lard thirty-two parts Eub well together. As a friction in the cure of itch. Swediaur. Brown Ointment op Eed Oxide op Mercury. R. Eed oxide of mercury one part Basilicon ointment six parts Eub well together. Used in the treatment of indolent venereal ulcers. Saunders. Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury and Tin. R . Eed oxide of mercury two drachms Amalgam of equal parts of mercury and tin four drachms Eose ointment one ounce Eub well together, and add Oil of peppermint twenty drops Highly spoken of in hemorrhoidal tumors. Cadet de Gassicourt. Ointment of Eed Oxide op Mercury and Cinnabar. R. Red oxide of mercury one ounce Cinnabar one drachm Lard one pound Eub well together. Employed in chronic inflammations of the eyelids. Giordano. Ointment of Eed Oxide of Mercury and Zinc. R. Eed oxide of mercury one part Sulphate of zinc two parts Lard ninety-six parts Eub well together. In scrofulous ophthal- mia, as an application to the edges of the eyelids. Dupuytren. Ointment of Eed Oxide of Mercury and Lead. R. Eed Oxide of mercury Prepared calamine Burnt alum Acetate of lead, each, one drachm Corrosive sublimate twelve grains Eose ointment one ounce Eub well together. Celebrated in the treatment of herpetic affections. Guibourt. HYDRAEGYEI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Mercury. R . Solution of nitrate of mercury at will Add to it a solution of phosphate of soda, as long as any precipitate is formed; de- cant, wash the precipitate well, and dry it. Van Mons. This has been highly praised in secondary syphilis. The dose is half a grain to a grain, combined with sugar or some aromatic powder. Pills of Phosphate of Mercury. R. Phosphate of mercury nine grains Tartar emetic one grain Opium six grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make nine pills. One in the evening, at bedtime. Radius. HYDRAEGYBI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Mercury. Persulphate op Mercury. R. Purified mercury Sulphuric acid, each, six parts Nitric acid one part Expose them to heat in a glass vessel, and increase the heat, until the mass becomes white and perfectly dry. Dub. Ph. Not used as a remedy, but serves to form cor- rosive sublimate, calomel, and turpeth mineral. Yellow Sulphate op Mercury. R. Persulphate of mercury one part Warm water twenty parts Rub together in an earthenware mor- tar, and pour off the supernatant liquid, wash the yellow powder with warm dis- tilled water, as long as the washings are precipitated by caustic potassa. Dry. Dub. Ph. This is alterative, errhine, and emetic. The dose, as an alterative, is from a quarter to half a grain ; as an errhine, one grain, mixed with five grains of some bland powder ; as an emetic, two to five grains. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Mercury. R. Sulphate of mercury one grain Powdered asara- bacca one drachm and a-half 246 HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM— HYDR. SULPH. RUBRUM. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be used as an errhine, twice a-day; in gutta serena, ozama, &c. Ellis. Ointment of Sulphate op Mercury. R. Sulphate of mercury one part Lard eight parts Rub well together. As an application to herpes, porrigo, &c. Soubeiran. R. Sulphate of mercury two drachms Chloride of lime three drachms Oil of almonds six drachms Lard two ounces Melt together the oil and lard, and mix the two powders. More stimulating than the last. Used in obstinate cutaneous affections. Che vail ia: HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE- TUM NIGRUM. Black Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Mercury Sulphur, each, one pound Rub together till all globules disappear. U. S. Ph. Employed as an alterative in cutaneous affec- tions and glandular swellings. Dose, from five to thirty grains, or even more, several times a- day. Powder op Black Sulphuret of Mer- cury. R. Black sulphuret of mercury four drachms Prepared chalk two ounces Powdered amber one ounce Mix well, and divide into sixty-four pow- ders. One, and afterwards two a-day, in a glass of sugar and water. In scrofulous affections. St. Marie. R. Black sulphuret of mercury Prepared oyster shell, each, one drachm Powdered orange peel half a drachm Mix, and make ten powders. Three a-day, as an anthelmintic. Phoebus. Pills of Black Sulphuret of Mer- cury. R. Black sulphuret of mercury Extract of bitter- sweet, each, two drachms Powdered mallows sufficient Mix, and form one hundred and twenty pills. Four to five, three times a-day. In obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. R. Black sulphuret of mercury one scruple Extract of dandelion three drachms - Gum ammoniac two drachms Powdered squill half a drachm Syrup sufficient Beat together, and make pills of three grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day. In ascites with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. St. Marie. R. Black sulphuret of mercury Guaiacum Soap, each, two drachms Golden sulphuret of antimony two scruples Extract of horehound sufficient Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Ten, morning and evening. In chronic rheumatism. Baldinger. half HYDRARGYRI SULPHURE- TUM RUBRUM. Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Mercury forty ounces Sulphur eight ounces Melt the sulphur, and mix the mercury with it over the fire. When mass begins to swell, remove from fire, and cover the vessel, to prevent combustion; when cool, powder, and sublime. U. S. Ph. At one time, much used as alterative and an- thelmintic, but now seldom employed except for fumigation. Powder of Red Sulphuret of Mer- cury. R. Red sulphuret of mercury half an ounce Powdered sugar candy three ounces Oil of cinnamon half a drachm Rub well together. At one time celebrated as cordial, stomachic, and analeptic, in doses of a scruple. Swediaur. Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. R. Red sulphuret of mercury Powdered Virginia snake- root, each, half a drachm Syrup sufficient Mix, and form twelve pills. Two to be taken thrice a-day; alterative and diapho- retic; useful in obstinate cutaneous affec- tions. Ellis. R. Red sulphuret of mercury Extract of wormwood hemlock, each, one drachm Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Dose, seven, morning and evening, in venereal glandular swellings. Augustin. HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS— HIPPOCASTANUM. 247 Fumigating Powder. R. Ked sulphuret of mercury four drachms Olibanum two drachms Mix. To be thrown on a red hot iron, and the diseased parts exposed to the fumes. In herpes, and venereal pustules. Foy. Cerate of Ked Sulphuret of Mer- cury. R. Powdered red sulphuret of mercury fifteen grains Yellow resin half an ounce Yellow wax Lard, each, half a pound Melt the resin, wax, and lard together, and add the sulphuret. As a dressing to ill- conditioned ulcers. Swediaur. Ointment of Red Sulphuret of Mer- cury. R. Red sulphuret of mercury one drachm and a-half Muriate of ammonia half a drachm Lard two ounces Rose water one fl. drachm Rub well together. Advised in phithiri- asis, to diminish the itching, and to destroy the insects. Radius. R. Red sulphuret of mercury one drachm Camphor one scruple Simple cerate . one ounce Rub well together. In the treatment of herpes; to be applied at least twice a-day. Alihert. HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS. Tartrate of Mercury. R. Black oxide of mercury at will Tartaric acid sufficient Boil together, in a due proportion of water, until the oxide is dissolved; filter, and evaporate to the point of crystallization ; wash the crystals. Swediaur. Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day. Tartrate of Mercury and Potassa. R. Boiling, saturated solution of Nitrate of mercury at will Add, drop by drop> a boiling saturated solu- tion of bitartrato of potassa, as long as a precipitate is formed, decant, wash the pre- cipitate well with cold water, dissolve in boiling water, and set aside to crystallize. Van Muns. Dose, one to three grains. Once very cele- brated as Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial lkjuor. HIPPOCASTANUM. Horse Chestnut. The horse chestnut, or JEsculus hippocastanum, is a beautiful and lofty tree, a native of the cen- tral parts of Asia, but extensively cultivated in Europe, and the United States. Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. Sapin- daceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 213. The part used is the bark; this is light, brittle, of a brownish red externally, of a yellow brown within. It has a somewhat aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is a somewhat ac- tive astringent, and has been much praised in intermittent fevers. The dose of the powder is two to four scruples, every three hours, till an ounce and a-half is taken. Compound Powder of Horse Chest- nut. R. Powdered horse chestnut bark willow bark, each, half an ounce gentian calamus cloves, each, two drachms Mix. Huf eland. Decoction of Horse Chestnut Bark. R. Horse chestnut bark one ounce and a-half Water thirty fl. ounces Boil down to ten ounces, adding towards close of operation, Liquorice root one drachm Strain. A cupful every two hours. Niemann. Compound Decoction of Horse Chest- nut. R. Horse chestnut bark Willow bark, each, half an ounce Calamus Root of water avens, each, two drachms Water sixteen fl. ounces Boil down to one-half. Spielmann. R. Horse chestnut bark one ounce and a-half Water eighteen fl. ounces Boil clown to one-half, strain, and add Sulphuric ether one to two drachms Syrup of orange peel one ounce Mix. To be used during the apyrexia. Phoebus. Extract of Horse Chestnut. R . Horse chesnut bark at will Water sufficient Exhaust the bark in a displacement appa- ratus, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Van Mons. 248 HYDRASTIS— HYOSCYAMUS. HYDRASTIS. Yellow Root. This is the root of Hydrastis Canadensis, a na- tive plant, more common in the western than in the eastern States. The flowers are yellow and fugacious, and are succeeded hy red fruit, resembling raspberries, but not eatable. Sex. Syst. Polyand. pologyn. Nat. Syst. Ra- nunculaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 784. Griffith, Med. Bot. 82. The root is contorted, rugose, and of a bright yellow color. It has a strong, somewhat nar- cotic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is a pow- erful tonic bitter, and is also used in decoction as a wash in chronic ophthalmia. It is given in powder or decoction. HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane. Several species of Hyoscyamus are medici- nal, but the only one that is officinal, is the H. niger, a native of Europe, and now naturalized in some parts of the United States. It has a lu- rid appearance, and a rank, unpleasant odor. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solan- acese. Linn. Sp. PI. 257. Griffith, Med. Bot. 484. All parts of the plant are active, but the leaves are generally employed, though the seeds also are officinal. The dried leaves have but little taste or smell. The seeds are small, round- ish, somewhat uniform, of a grayish color ; of an unpleasant smell, and an oily, somewhat bitter taste. They both owe their properties to an al- kaloid, called hyoscyamia. They are anodyne and hypnotic, and are used to relieve pain, to procure sleep, and to quiet an excited nervous system. The dose of the powdered leaves is from five to ten grains, of the seeds rather less. Aqueous Extract of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves one pound Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a little water j express, heat the juice to boiling point, strain, and evaporate. IT. S. Ph. Dose, a grain, twice a-day, gradually increased till the system is affected. Alcoholic Extract of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, in coarse powder one pound Diluted alcohol four pints Moisten the henbane with half a pint of the alcohol, and let stand for twenty-four hours; then put in a displacement appa- ratus, and exhaust, with the remainder of the alcohol, adding sufficient water at the close, to drive off all the spirit. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper consistence. IT. S. Ph. Dose, as for the last, and in the same manner. . Compound Powder of Henbane. R. Powdered extract of henbane Oxide of zinc, each, ten grains Magnesia half a drachm Sugar of milk two drachms and a-half Mix, and divide into ten powders. One every three hours, as a sedative, in nervous attacks. Vogler. Compound Pills of Henbane. R. Extract of henbane opium belladonna hemlock, each, one ounce Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Said to be useful in neuralgia of the face, in doses of one to six a-day. Pierquin. R . Extract of henbane half a drachm opium two grains Powdered foxglove ipecacuanha, each, five grains Beat together, and make thirty pills. One every three hours, in hooping-cough. Phoebus. R. Extract of henbane valerian Oxide of zinc equal parts Beat together, and form pills of three grains. In neuralgia, in doses of one to ten. Foy. R. Extract of henbane two scruples Powdered myrrh one drachm and a-half squill half a drachm Distilled water sufficient Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, night and morning, in catarrh and phthisis, with debility of the pulmonary organs. Paris. Pills of Henbane and Opium. R. Extract of henbane hemlock, each, fifteen grains Powdered opium four grains Beat into mass, and make ten pills. One at night, as an anodyne. Ellis. Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. R. Extract of henbane ten grains Powdered ipecacuanha five grains Mix, and make ten pills. One, every hour or two, in irritability of the bowels, with flatulence. Ellis. Infusion of Henbane. R . Leaves of henbane half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. As a lotion to painful ulcers. Ellis. Compound Infusion of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves ICHTHYOCOLLA. 249 Poppy heads Mallows, each, one ounce Boiling water four pints Infuse for an hour, and strain. As a fo- mentation to painful tumors, &c. Radius. Mixture op Henbane. R. Oil of almonds half an ounce Powdered gum Arabic two drachms Oil of fennel one drop Extract of henbane six grains Sugar half an ounce Water two fl. ounces Pub well together. A spoonful every two hours, in catarrh. Foy. Mixture or Henbane and Antimony. R. Extract of henbane ten grains Antimonial wine two fl. drachms Dissolve. In hooping-cough, in doses of five to ten drops. Augustin. Tincture op Henbane. R. Henbane leaves four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, a fl. drachm. Ethereal Tincture of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves one part Sulphuric ether six parts Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- ter. Dose, ten to twelve drops, three or four times a-day. Hesse Ph. Mixture of Hyoscyamus and Squill. R. Tincture of squill ten drops Nitric acid five drops Extract of henbane three grains Water one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. In spasmodic asthma; to be re- peated every three or four hours. Bree. Liniment of Henbane. R . Extract of henbane half a drachm White soap two drachms Linseed oil six ounces Mix. As an embrocation to glandular swellings. Dupuytren. Ointment of Henbane. R. Extract of henbane one drachm Lard one ounce Rub together. As an application to pain- ful hemorrhoids. Taddei. Compound Ointment of Henbane. R. Leaves of henbane stramonium bittersweet elder, each, a handful Lard two pounds Heat together till all moisture is evapora- ted, and strain. As an application to frost-bites, chilblains, &c. Spielmann. R . Fresh poplar buds four ounces Lard twelve ounces Leaves of henbane poppy belladonna black nightshade, each, one ounce Heat together till all moisture is evapora- ted. As a soothing and anodyne oint- ment to painful local affections. Cotter eau. This is much used in Europe, under die name of Unguentum populeum. ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. This is die swimming bladder of several kinds of fish. The best, however, is procured from various species of sturgeon, inhabiting the more southern parts of Russia. It is a pure and nu- tritious gelatine, and is rather employed as food, and in the arts, than in medicine, in which it is only used as the basis of court plaster. Court Plaster. R. Isinglass one ounce Water eight fl. ounces Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add Alcohol eight fl. ounces When perfectly dissolved, brush over strained silk, or sarsnet, several times, al- ternating with a layer of tincture of Peru or benzoin. Cottercau. R. Isinglass nine drachms Dissolve in water, and add hot filtered mix- ture of Alcohol (0.921) twelve fl. ounces Tincture of benzoin two fl. ounces Apply this to strained silk, till six coats INDIGUM— INULA. 250 are given, permitting each to dry before applying another, then brush over twice with a mixture of Tincture of benzoin six fl. ounces Liquid turpentine four ounces Virey. R. Isinglass one ounce Water two fl. ounces Mix, and allow to stand till the isinglass is quite soft, then add Rectified spirit three fl. ounces and a- half Mixed with Water one fl. ounce and a-half Expose to heat of water-bath, till dissolved, and apply to oiled silk, nailed to a board, by means of a soft brush; apply four coats. Liston. R . Fasten a piece of fine muslin, linen, or silk, to a flat board, and give it a thin coat of flour paste ; over this, when dry, two coats of colorless gelatine are to be applied. Said to be superior to the usual court plaster. Deschamjjs. Diamond Cement. R. Isinglass, softened in water, and dis- solved in the smallest quantity of di- luted alcohol two ounces Ammoniac ten grains And whilst still liquid, add Solution of mastic, made with half a drachm in three drachms of alcohol. Stir well together. , Bedicood. Pills of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo seventy-five grains Assafetida fifteen grains Castor seven grains Mix, and form twenty pills. One, every hour. Podreca. Sulphate op Indigo. R. Indigo (Bengal) in powder four ounces Sulphuric acid twenty-four ounces Dissolve, by maceration and agitation, and add water, until the solution measures four pints. INDIGUM Indigo. A tinctorial material, obtained from several species of Indigofera. It is found in commerce, in the form of small, solid, brittle masses, hav- ing scarcely any taste or odor, of a deep blue color, but assuming a coppery lustre when rub- bed. It is principally used in the arts, but has also been employed as a remedial agent, in vari- ous spasmodic diseases. The dose is about a scruple, two or three times a-day, rapidly in- creased to a drachm or more. Powder of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo half an ounce Aromatic powder half a drachm Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in epilepsv- Radius. Electuary of Indigo. R. Powdered indigo half an ounce Aromatic powder half a drachm Syrup one fl. ounce Mix. To be taken in divided doses, dur- ing the day. Phoebus. INULA. Elecampane. The root of Inula helenium, a large herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated in gar- dens in this country, where it has also become naturalized in some places. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- Linn. Sp. Pi. 1236. Griffith, Med. Bot. 397. The root is thick, fleshy, and branched. As dried and found in the shops, it is in slices of a yellowish gray color, with a peculiar and aro- matic odor, and an unpleasant, bitterish taste, with an after sensation of pungency. It is tonic and expectorant, and also acts in some cases as a diuretic and diaphoretic. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. Decoction of Elecampane. R . Elecampane root half an ounce Water one pint Boil. Dose, a fl. ounce, every hour or two. U. S. Disp. Compound Pills of Elecampane. R. Extract of elecampane one drachm Powdered foxglove ipecacuanha, each, ten grains Opium five grains Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. One every hour, in chronic ca- tarrh. Heim. Extract of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root at will Water sufficient Make a concentrated infusion, strain, and evaporate to the proper consistence. Dose, from a scruple to a drachm. Cotter eau. Mixture of Elecampane. R. Extract of elecampane two drachms Antimonial wine one fl. ounce Syrup of orange flowers half a fl. ounce Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, every three hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. John. Compound Oxymel of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root one ounce IODINUM. 251 Orris root half an ounce Water thirty-six fl. ounces Boil down to two-thirds, strain, arid add Honey sixteen ounces Gum ammoniac one ounce Vinegar eight fl. ounces Evaporate to the consistence of honey. A spoonful occasionally, in catarrh and humid Spiehnann. asthma. IODINUM. Iodine. Iodine is an elementary non-metallic body, having many of the properties of chlorine. It exists in many marine vegetables and animals, and also in some mineral bodies and salt springs, but is principally obtained from kelp or the ashes of seaweeds. It is soft, friable, and opaque, of a bluish black color and metallic lus- tre, and has a strong and penetrating odor and an acrid taste. It is employed as a stimulant or alterant in morbid actions of the absorbent and glandular systems, both externally and intern- ally, and, in over doses, acts as an irritant poison. The dose, in substance, is from the eighth of a grain to a grain. Pills of Iodine. R. Iodine six grains Extract of gentian one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and form twenty-four pills. These are said to be useful in mercurial or scorbutic salivation. Radius. Tincture op Iodine. R. Iodine one ounce Alcohol one pint Dissolve. U. S. Ph. Sixteen minims, or thirty five drops, contain one grain of iodine. Dose, from ten to twenty drops, three times a-day ; to be increased. Saturated Tincture op Iodine. R. Iodine two scruples Alcohol one fl. ounce Compound spirit of lavender two fl. drachms Mix. Five to ten drops, twice a-day, gra- dually increasing. In amenorrhoca, leucor- rhoca, gonorrhoea, &c. JDurand. Compound Tincture op Iodine. R. Iodine half an ounce Iodide of potassium one ounce Alcohol one pint Mix, and form a tincture. Dose, five to fifteen drops, as may be required. Ellis. Ethereal Tincture op Iodine. R. Iodine ^ two scruples Sulphuric ether one fl. ounce and a-half Dissolve, and filter. Magendie. R. Iodine six grains Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms Dissolve. Dose, ten drops, two or three times a-day, much diluted. In diseases of the skin or glands. Ellis. Mixture op Iodine and Iodide op Po- tassium. R. Iodine three grains Iodide of potassium six grains Distilled water one fl. ounce Dissolve. Dose, six to twenty drops, thrice a-day, in a draught of cold water. In glandular disease and affections of the mucous membranes. Morton. Bath with Iodine. For adults. 12 3 R. Iodide of po- tassium 231 grs. 308 grs. 370 grs. Iodine 123 " 154 " 184 " Water twenty fl. ounces Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. For children. R. Iodide of po- tassium 77 grs. 92 grs. 107 grs. Iodine 38 " 46 " 61 " Water ten fl. ounces Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. Used in scrofulous affections. LugoL Solution op Iodine. For internal use. 12 3 R. Iodine J gr. § gr. 1 gr. Common salt 12 grs. 12 grs. 12 grs. Distilled water one pint For external use. R. Iodine 2 grs. 3 grs. 4 grs. Distilled water one pint As a lotion. Lugol. Lotion of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine half fl. ounce Iodide of iron twelve grains Chloride of antimony half an ounce Mix. As an application to corns, by means of a camel's hair pencil, after the corn has been pared. Henderson. R. Tincture of iodine one fl. drachm Black drop two fl. drachms Oil of almonds Lime water, each, two fl. ounces Mix carefully. As a lotion for chilblains. Cadet. R. Iodine one to two grains Alcohol one fl. drachm Water one pint Mix. To wash scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Mixture op Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine ninety drops 252 IPECACUANHA. Decoction of Peruvian bark ten fl. ounces Mix. Two spoonfuls, three times a-day. Radius. R. Tincture of iodine ten drops Water of soapwort four fl. ounces Syrup of orange-flowers one fl. ounce Mix. In spoonful doses. In the treat- ment of scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Clyster of Iodine. R. G-um Arabic four drachms Water six fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Tincture of iodine five drops In arnenorrhcea, dysmenorrhoea, &c. Cadet GARGLE OP IODINE. R. Tincture of iodine one to two fl. drachms Tincture of opium one fl. drachm Water six fl. ounces Mix. As a gargle, in ulceration of the tonsils. Ross. Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodine one scruple Alcohol twenty minims Lard one ounce Rub the iodine with the alcohol, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. R. Iodine one scruple Rose ointment one ounce Mix. To be applied to the tonsils, night and morning, by means of a brush. Not to be used till all inflammation is subdued. Cerchiari. R. Iodine one part Lard sixteen parts Rub together carefully. Guibourt. Compound Ointment op Iodine. R. Iodine half a drachm Iodide of potassium one drachm Alcohol one fl. drachm Lard two ounces Rub the iodine and iodide of potassium with the alcohol, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. Used in same cases as the iodine ointment, but is more active. Iodine Ointment with Oil op To- bacco. R. Iodine twelve grains Iodide of potassium four scruples Oil of tobacco fifty drops Lard two drachms Mix. To relax rigid muscles. Dover. Iodine Ointment and Mercury. R. Mercurial ointment sixteen parts Iodine three parts Mix. In frictions, in ovarian dropsy. Radius. Liniment of Iodine. R. Liniment with opium one fl. ounce Tincture of iodine one fl. drachm Mix. Manson. Cataplasm of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine half fl. ounce Flaxseed meal one ounce Oatmeal three ounces Distilled water sufficient Make a cataplasm. Used as an applica- tion to scrofulous tumors and goitre. Dunglison. N. Rem. Iodine Plaster. R. Iodine one drachm Iodide of potassium one scruple Water half a fl. drachm Triturate in a mortar, and add to Burgundy pitch three ounces Wax Suet, each, half an ounce Melted together, and triturate till well mixed. IPECACUANHA. Ipecacuanha. The root of Cepheelis ipecacuanha, a small her- baceous plant, a native of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cin- chonaceae. Richard, Bull. Med. iv. 92. Griffith, Med. Bot. 357. This root is about the size of a large quill, of an irregular, twisted shape, apparently formed of small, unequal rings, about a line in height, separated by narrow interstices ; when broken, it presents two distinct parts, a thin ligneous centre, and a thick cortical layer of a brownish color, and somewhat resinous appearance, hav- ing a herbaceous, sub-acrid, somewhat bitter taste, and nauseous odor. Externally it presents some varieties of color, but is usually brown. It is emetic, and sometimes purgative in full doses, and diaphoretic and expectorant in small, but repeated quantities. As an emetic, the dose is fifteen to twenty grains ; as a nauseant, two to four grains; as an expectorant, one to two grains. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium, Dover's Powder. R. Ipecacuanha Opium, each, in powder, one drachm Sulphate of potassa one ounce Triturate thoroughly. U. S. Ph. IPECACUANHA. R. Ipecacuanha Liquorice root Extract of opium, each, in powder, one ounce Sulphate of potassa Nitrate of potassa, each, four ounces Triturate well. Par. Cod. This latter formula approaches nearest to the original formula of Dover, but is not superior to the first, now generally used. Dose, five to ten grains, as a diaphoretic. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic. R. Powdered ipecacuanha one scruple Tartar emetic one grain Mix. As an emetic, or in divided doses, as a nauseant and sudorific. Ellis. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Rhu- barb. R. Powdered ipecacuanha rhubarb, each, one scruple Mix. As an emeto-cathartic in full doses ; or tonic alterative, in doses of three or four grains. Beasley. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Muriate of Ammonia. R. Powdered ipecacuanha a quarter grain Muriate of ammonia twelve grains Extract of liquorice Sugar of milk, each, six grains Mix. To be taken every two hours, as an expectorant, on the decline of pneumonia. Kopp. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Anti- mony. R. Ipecacuanha Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, one grain Camphor three grains G-um Arabic one scruple Triturate well. To be taken every two hours, in deficient expectoration in pneu- monia. Phoebus. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Carbon- ate of Soda. R. Powdered ipecacuanha opium, each, one grain Carbonate of soda twelve grains Mix, and rub well together. To be taken every eight hours, in spasmodic asthma, hooping-cough, &c. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Nitre. R. Dover's powder one drachm Nitre one ounce Mix. To be taken in divided doses. 253 R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains nitrate of potassa one scruple and a-half myrrh twelve grains Mix, and divide into four powders; one to be taken every four hours. Found useful in asthma, and the earlier stages of phthi- sis. A. T. Thomson. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calo- mel. R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains opium three grains Calomel one grain and a-half Powdered nitre half a drachm Mix, and make six powders. One, every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Ellis. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Myrrh. R. Powdered ipecacuanha six grains myrrh twelve grains nitre half a drachm Mix, and make four powders. One, every four hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Paris. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Traga- canth. R. Powdered ipecacuanha five grains Compound tragacanth powder ten grains Mix, make a powder, to be taken every four or six hours. Useful at the com- mencement of febrile diseases, after clearing the stomach and bowels. A. T. Thomson. Extract of Ipecacuanha. R. Coarsely powdered ipecacuanha two parts Proof spirit seven parts Treat by displacement; distil off the spirit and evaporate, on water-bath, to proper consistence. Paris Cod. Bolus of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha two grains Conserve of opium one scruple Prepared chalk sufficient Mix, and make eight boluses. Two, night and morning, in dysentery. St. Marie. R. Powdered ipecacuanha two grains Aromatic powder ten grains Syrup of cinnamon sufficient Mix, and make two boluses. One, in the evening, in dyspepsia. Cadet. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. R. Dover's powder three parts Confection of roses one part Mix, and make pills of four grains each. Ed. Ph. 254 IPECACUANHA. ♦ Compound Pills of Ipecacuanha. R. Dover's powder three drachms Powdered squill Gum ammoniac, each, one drachm Mucilage sufficient Mis, and form mass. Dose, fifteen to twenty grains, as a diaphoretic. Lond. Ph. Pills op Ipecacuanha and Foxglove. R. Powdered Ipecacuanha foxglove, each, half a drachm opium five grains Extract of elecampane sufficient Mix, and make sixty pills. One, every three hours, in spasmodic asthma. Heim. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Centaury. R. Powdered ipecacuanha Extract of centaury, each, fifteen grains Powdered rhubarh half a drachm Mix, and make thirty pills. One, night and morning, in dyspepsia. Radius. Lozenges of Ipecacuanha. R . Powdered ipecacuanha half an ounce sugar fourteen ounces Arrow root four ounces Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Mix the powders thoroughly, and form into a mass with the mucilage, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. A good expectorant in catarrh. Each contains a quarter of a grain of ipecacuanha. Lozenges of Ipecacuanha and Camphor. R. Powdered ipecacuanha fifteen grains camphor sugar, each, one drachm Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Mix, and make sixty lozenges. Bcasley. R. Powdered sugar five hundred parts Flake manna one hundred and twenty- five parts Powdered ipecacuanha eighteen parts Lactucarium eight parts Powdered squill four parts Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Make into a uniform paste, and divide into lozenges of ten grains. Five or six a-day, in catarrh, &c. Grunn. Confection of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha twelve grains Flowers of sulphur one scruple Powdered orris one drachm Syrup of mallows Manna, each, two ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in hooping-cough. Bories. Decoction of Ipecacuanha. R. Bruised ipecacuanha two drachms Water twelve ounces One-third of the water is to be used at a time, so as to make three decoctions; these are to be united, and should amount to six ounces. Celebrated in dysentery; one-third to be taken at a dose. Swibeiran. Mixture of Ipecacuanha. R . Powdered ipecacuanha half a drachm Tartar emetic one grain Tincture of squill one fl. ounce Distilled water seven fl. ounces and a-half Mix. Four tablespoonfuls ; then two every ten minutes, till vomiting is produced. Ellis. R. Powdered ipecacuanha five grains Syrup of poppies one drachm Spirit of cinnamon two drachms Chalk mixture thirteen drachms Mix. As a draught in dysentery. Hooper. R. Powdered ipecacuanha Carbonate of soda Syrup of poppies Mint water Mix vomitin R two grains ten grains one ounce six ounces In spoonfuls, to check spasmodic St. Marie. Ipecacuanha one drachm Senna two drachms Boiling water six fl. ounces Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add Oxymel of squills Syrup of hyssop, each, one ounce Mix. In spoonfuls, in hooping-cough. Guibourt. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R . Ipecacuanha, in coarse powder, one ounce Diluted alcohol one pint Syrup two pints Macerate the ipecacuanha in the alcohol for fourteen days, and filter. Evaporate to two fl. ounces, and filter; mix with the syrup, and evaporate on a water-bath to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. As emetic for children, one to two fl. drachms ; as expectorant, five to twenty minims. Compound Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha Orris root Red Peruvian bark Seneka Iceland moss, each, Sugar Water Mix, and make a syrup, as an expectorant. one drachm two drachms half an ounce two ounces two pounds sufficient In spoonful Courtois. IRIS FLORENTINA— JALAP A. 255 R. Syrup of ipecacuanha poppies, each, two ounces orange flowers one ounce Oxymel of squill one ounce and a-half Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, in hoop- ing cough. Cadet. Wine op Ipecacuanha. R. Bruised ipecacuanha two ounces Sherry wine two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. 8. Ph. As emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, for an adult, as emetic, one fl. ounce; for a child, one fl. drachm. Compound Wine op Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha four parts Sugar two parts Diluted alcohol twenty-four parts Digest for eight days, and add Sherry wine ninety-six parts Star anise one part Sugar four parts Filter at the end of six days. Niemann. Wine op Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic. R. Wine of ipecacuanha one fl. ounce Tartar emetic one grain Mix. A teaspoonful, every ten or fifteen minutes, till vomiting is induced. Ellis. Alkaline Wine of Ipecacuanha. R. Wine of ipecacuanha forty minims Tincture of opium eight drops Carbonate of soda sixteen grains Syrup two fl. drachms Water fourteen fl. drachms Mix. A teaspoonful, to children, in hoop- ing cough. Pearson. half Elixir op Ipecacuanha R. Powdered ipecacuanha Balsam of tolu, each, Flowers of benzoin Opium Saffron, each, Oil of anise Camphor Alcohol Digest, express, and filter, two drachms, as a stimulating sudorific. Cadet. two drachms one drachm two scruples two pints Dose, one to IRIS FLORENTINA. Florentine Iris. Orris. The Florentine Iris is a native of the southern parts of Europe, and affords a root, or rhizome, known as orris root. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Irida- Linn. Sp. PL 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 625. The rhizome is horizontal, knotty, and frag- rant ; in a recent state it is acrid, and somewhat bitter ; this acrimony disappears in a great mea- sure on dessicalion. It is seldom used in medi- cine, but forms an ingredient in numerous tooth- powders, &c. Dentifrice with Orris Root. R. Cream of tartar two ounces Powdered orris root one ounce myrrh kino, each, half an ounce Mix well. Redtvood. R. Powdered Castile soap orris root, each, two ounces cuttlefish bone prepared chalk, each, three ounces Oil of cloves Essence of lemons, each, twenty drops Mix. Redwood. JALAPA. Jalap. Jalap is the root of the Ipomtea jalapa, a native of Mexico. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- volvulacea;. Coxe, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. 1830. Griffith, Med. Bot. 474. The root, when dried, is in pieces of various forms and size; usually entire, but sometimes in slices. The epidermis is thin and brown; within it is grayish, with brown, concentric rings. The powder is of a brownish yellow, with a pe- culiar, unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, sub-acrid, nauseous taste. It is an active purgative, in doses of ten to thirty grains. Powder of Jalap and Calomel. R. Powdered jalap ten grains Calomel five grains 256 J ALAP A . Mix. To be given in syrup or molasses. As a purgative. Ellis. R. Powdered jalap twelve grains Calomel three grains Sulphate of potassa seven grains Mix; make a powder, to be taken at night; a useful purge in diminishing the action of the liver. A. T. Thomson. Powder op Jalap and Cremor Tar- tar. R. Powdered jalap one drachm Cremor tartar two drachms Mix, and divide into six powders. One every two hours, as a hydragogue purga- tive. Ellis. R. Jalap two ounces Cremor tartar one ounce Sugar thirteen ounces Oil of orange peel two drachms Mix. Dose, one to two drachms. Cadet. R. Powdered jalap one ounce Cremor tartar two ounces Mix. U. S. Ph. R. Powdered jalap three ounces Cremor tartar six ounces Ginger two drachms Mix. Lond. Ph. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. Powder of Jalap and Ipecacuanha. R. Jalap fifteen grains Ipecacuanha five grains Oil of cinnamon two drops Mix. Paris. Powder of Jalap and Scammony. R. Jalap one drachm Scammony one scruple Ipecacuanha ten drachms Mix, and divide into powders of eight grains. In mucous discharges. Dumas. Compound Powder of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap three ounces Cremor tartar six ounces Powdered ginger two drachms Mix. Half a drachm to one drachm, as a hydragogue purgative. Lond. Ph. Extract of Jalap. R. Jalap, in coarse powder, one pound Alcohol four pints Water sufficient Macerate the jalap in the alcohol for four days, then exhaust by the process of dis- placement ; first by alcohol, then by wa- ter. Distil off the alcohol from the tinc- ture, and evaporate the infusion, till both are of the consistence of thin honey, mix them, and evaporate to proper consist- ence. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Resin of Jalap. R. Coarsely powdered jalap at will Moisten thoroughly with rectified spirit, put in a displacement apparatus and ex- haust, distil off the spirit, and evaporate to due consistence. Ed,. Ph. Dose, four to twelve grains. Alkaline Extract of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap two pounds Alcohol (.921) one gallon Digest for some days, strain, and filter ; evaporate slowly on the water-bath to a pilular consistence, adding gradually Carbonate of potassa twelve drachms Dose, three to nine grains. Durand. Compound Pills of Jalap. R. Jalap Rhubarb Aloes, each, one ounce Soap two ounces Syrup of ginger sufficient Mix, and form mass. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Foy. Pills of Jalap and Calomel. R. Resin of jalap Soap, each, one drachm Oil of orange peel six drops Mix, and make sixty pills. Alibert. Electuary of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap Black sulphuret of mercury, each, two drachms Scammony one drachm Resin of jalap Squills, each, one drachm and a-half Syrup of buckthorn sufficient Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy or lead colic. Cadet. R. Powdered jalap two drachms Cremor tartar one ounce and a-half Ginger one scruple Molasses two ounces and a-half Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. R. Powdered jalap Cremor tartar Nitre, each, half an ounce Confection of senna one ounce Simple syrup sufficient Mix. A bolus the size of a hazelnut, three or four times a-day, in hemorrhoids. Ellis. Emulsion of Jalap. R. Resin of jalap nine grains JUGLANS CINEREA-JUNIPERUS. Soap three grains Olive oil one ounce and a-half Triturate well. Said to be useful in dys- entery. A tablespoonful, occasionally. Vogel. Mixture of Jalap. R. Infusion of senna six fl. ounces Extract of jalap half a drachm Tartrate of potassa four drachms Oil of ginger twenty minims Mix. Soap op Jalap. R. Resin of jalap Soap equal parts Dissolve in Alcohol sufficient Evaporate to pilular consistence. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. ' Pruss. Ph. Tincture op Jalap. R. Powdered jalap eight ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Seldom given alone, but added to. cathartic mixtures, in portions of one to two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture op Jalap. R. Jalap six drachms Black hellebore three drachms Juniper berries half an ounce Rasped guaiacum half an ounce Brandy twenty-four fl. ounces Digest for three days, express, and filter. Ed. Ph. 1744. R. Jalap eight ounces Scammony two ounces Turbeth one ounce Brandy twelve pints Digest for twelve hours, on a water-bath, filter, and add Syrup of senna four pounds Mix. Giordano. Mixture op Tincture op Jalap. R. Tincture of jalap two fl. drachms Vinegar of squill one fl. drachm Mint water one fl. ounce Mix. To be taken three times a-day. Ellis: JUGLANS CINEREA. Butternut. The Butternut, or White Walnut, is an indigen- ous tree, with numerous, nearly horizontal, branches, found in many places in the United .States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Jug- landacefp. 17 257 Linn. Sp. PL 1415. Griffith, Med. Bot. 5S9. The part used is the inner bark, especially of the root; this is fibrous, has little odor, but a pe- culiar bitter, somewhat acrid taste. It is, at first, white, but gradually changes to a dark brown. It is a mild cathartic, and is well suited to cases of costiveness and bowel affections. It is usually given in extract. Extract op Butternut. R . Butternut, in coarse powder, one pound Water sufficient Mix the butternut with a pint of the water, macerate for twenty-four hours, in- troduce into a displacement apparatus, and exhaust. Heat the fluid to a boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, from five to ten grains, as a laxative ; from twenty to thirty, as a purgative. JUNIPERUS. Juniper. The common Juniper, J. communis, is an erect, evergreen shrub, sometimes attaining a large size, found in Europe, and Northern Asia and America. The tops and the berries are officinal. Sex, Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pina- cea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 1470. Griffith, Med. Bot. 60S. The berries are oblong globular, marked with three radiating furrows at top, and contain three seeds. They are of a purplish black color, have a sweetish, somewhat terebinthinate taste, and a peculiar, aromatic odor. They are used as stimu- lating diuretics, especially as adjuvants to more active remedies. The tops have a balsamic odor, and a resinous, bitterish taste, with the same medicinal properties as the berries. Extract op Juniper. R. Bruised juniper berries one pound Distilled water three pints Macerate at 77° to 86° for twenty -four hours; strain with gentle pressure, add more water to the berries, and let stand for twelve hours. Filter, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one to three drachms. Par. Cod. Infusion op Juniper. R. Juniper berries, bruised, one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. To be taken during the twenty-four hours. Radius. Compound Infusion op Juniper. R . Juniper berries, bruised, Mustard seed Ginger, each, half an ounce Horseradish, bruised, Parsley root, bruised, each, one ounce Cider two pints 258 JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA— KINO, Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful, two or three times a-day, in general dropsy. Parrisli. R . Juniper berries, bruised, one ounce and a-half Cremor tartar one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. A teacupful, several times a-day, with forty drops of sweet spirit of nitre. In dropsy. Ellis. R . Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces and a-half Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours, and strain; add Compound spirit of juniper ten fl. drachms Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. Beasley. Electuary of Juniper. R. Extract of juniper Clarified honey, each, one pound Juniper berries Cinnamon Orange peel, each, half an ounce Mix. Stomachic and diuretic. Dose, one to four drachms. Saxon Ph. Mixture with Oil of Juniper. R. Oil of juniper half a drachm Nitric ether Tincture of fox- glove, each, three drachms Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, every three hours. Hufeland. R. Oil of juniper eight drops Sugar Gum Arabic, each, a drachm and a-half Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as a diuretic. Ellis. Compound Spirit of Juniper. R. Juniper berries, bruised, one pound Carraway, bruised, Fennel, bruised, each, one ounce and a-half Diluted alcohol one gallon Water two pints Macerate in the alcohol, for twenty-four hours, add the water, and with a slow fire, distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. Dose, two to four fl. drachms, as an addition to diuretic mixtures, &c, in debilitated cases of dropsy. Liniment of Juniper. R. Oil of juniper one ounce and a-half Oil of anise six drops Lard two ounces Mix well; as an application in tinea capitis. Sully. R. Spirit of juniper two ounces Oil of cloves Butter of nutmeg, each, half a drachm Mix. As a friction in ecchymosis, and indolent tumors. August in. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA. Red Cedar. The tops of the red cedar are officinal. This is an evergreen tree, sometimes attaining a great size, with small, fleshy, closely imbricated leaves. It is found in all parts of the United States, but is most abundant and vigorous in the south. Sex. Syst. Diosc. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Vi- naceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 1471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 609. The leaves or tops have a peculiarand some- what aromatic odor, a bitterish and somewhat acrid taste. They have much the same proper- ties as those of savine, but are not as active, though often used as a substitute for them. K KINO. Kino. This is an extract obtained from several dif- ferent plants, but that most used and esteemed is the product of Pterocarpus marsupium, a large tree, indigenous to some parts of India. It is usually in small, angular fragments, of a dark, brownish-black color, opaque and shining, of a brittle and friable consistence, an astringent and slightly bitter taste ; adhering to the teeth when chewed, and tinging the saliva of a red color. It is a powerful astringent, and much used in the treatment of mucous discharges, &c, and as a local application in gonorrhoea, to in- dolent ulcers, relaxed uvula, &c. The dose in powder is from ten to thirty grains. Compound Powder of Kino. R. Powdered kino fifteen drachms opium one drachm cinnamon four drachms KRAMERIA. 259 Rub well together. Dose, five to twenty grains. Lond. Ph. As an anodyne astringent, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage of the bowels. R. Powdered kino Sugar of milk, each, one scruple Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, in cardialgia. Radius. Compound Pills of Kino. R. Powdered kino one scruple opium two grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make four pills. One, every four hours, in diarrhoea, pyrosis, &c. Ellis. R. Powdered kino two scruples camphor thirty grains Aromatic powder one scruple Oxide of zinc ten grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, morn- ing and evening, in diabetes. Aagustin. Electuary of Kino. R . Powdered kino six drachms alum cinnamon, each, two drachms Syrup sufficient Mix into an electuary. One drachm, two or three times a-day, in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, &c. JSwediaur. Infusion of Kino. R. Kino two drachms Boiling water eight, fl. ounces Infuse, and strain when cool. Dose, a fl. ounce. Wood. Injection op Kino. R. Kino one to two drachms Alum twenty to thirty grains Boiling water two pints Infuse for an hour, and strain. As an injection in chronic uretritis. Swediaur. Syrup of Kino. R. Kino two ounces Tepid water three pints Dissolve, and add Sugar four pounds Clarify, and evaporate to consistence of syrup. Taddei. Tincture of Kino. R. Powdered kino three ounces and a-half Rectified spirit two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Lond. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, generally as an adjuvant to astringent mixtures. KRAMERIA. Rhatany. The roots of several species of Krameria are possessed of analogous properties, but the only one that is officinal, is that of K. triandra, a small shrub found in Peru, in dry, sandy places. The stem is procumbent, and much branched t with sessile, hairy leaves, and dark red flowers. The root is long and branching. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Poly- galaceee. Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. i. 93. Griffith, Med. Bot. 227. The dried root is of a dark, reddish-brown color, with no odor, but a bitter and astringent taste. The small roots are the most powerful . It is somewhat tonic, and powerfully astringent. It is used for most purposes to which the vege- table astringents are applied. The dose in pow- der is from twenty to thirty grains. Compound Powder of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany Catechu, each, ten grains Alum four grains Powdered liquorice ten grains Mix. To be taken three or four times a- day, in diarrhoea, &c. Vogt. Dentrifice of Rhatany. R . Extract of rhatany one to two drachms myrrh one drachm Powdered orris six drachms Oil of cinnamon two drops myrrh ten drops Balsam Peru ten grains Mix well. Phoebus. Extract of Rhatany. R. Prepared like extract of gentian. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Pills of Rhatany. R . Extract of rhatany one scruple Powdered kino sufficient Mix, and make eight pills. One, every hour or two, to check mucous discharges. Ellis. R. Extract of rhatany one drachm rhubarb two scruples Ginger one scruple Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Ree.ce. Electuary of Rhatany. R. Powdered rhatany one ounce ginger one drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours. Ferrara Ph. Infusion of Rhatany. R . Bruised rhatany one ounce 260 LAC. Boiling water one pint Infuse for four hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. CoLLUTORY OF RHATANY. R. Extract of rhatany half a drachm Mucilage of quince seeds two drachms and a-half Sage water one ounce and a-half Mix. As a mouth-wash in aphthae, &c. Radius. Clyster of Ehatany. R. Extract of rhatany one scruple Mucilage of quince seeds three drachms Infusion of sage one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. To check diarrhoea, &c. Amnion. Injection of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany half an ounce Tincture of catechu kino, each, one drachm and a-half To be added to a decoction of Rhatany ten drachms Water three pints Reduced to two-thirds, and strained. As an injection in leucorrhcea, and prolapsus of the uterus. Cadet. Mixture of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany one drachm Syrup of poppies Rose water, each, two fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in pas- sive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. Fouquier. R. Extract of rhatany one drachm Chamomile water six fl. ounces Elixir of vitriol half a drachm Mix. As the last. Hildebrand. Syrup of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany two ounces Water one pint Sugar two pounds and a-half Dissolve the extract in the water, add the sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. Dose, half fl. ounce. Tincture of Rhatany. R. Powdered rhatany six ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Compound Ointment of Rhatany. R. Melt the first three ingredients, over a gentle fire, and add the rhatany and alum, in fine powder, and incorporate well. Useful where an astringent application is in- dicated. Burgundy pitch eight parts Venice turpentine two parts White wax one part Extract of rhatany two parts Alum one part LAC. Milk. The milk of several animals has been used medicinally, but that generally employed is from the cow. It is mostly employed in the form of whey, and of sugar of milk. Simple Whey. R. Milk three pints Prepared rennet sufficient Cover up the mixture, and place before the fire, till a uniform curd is formed; divide this with a spoon, and strain. A good diluent in febrile affections; when boiled down to one half, it is nutritive. A. T. Thomson. Vinegar Whey. R. Milk one pint Vinegar half fl. ounce Boil a few minutes, and separate the curd. Ellis. Tamarind Whey. R. Boiling milk one pint Tamarinds two ounces Boil till coagulation is effected, and strain. Plenck. Cremor Tartar Whey. R. Boiling milk one quart Cremor tartar half an ounce Boil until the curd separates, and strain. Plenck. LAC. 261 Alum Whey. R. Clear whey one pint Alum two drachms Dissolve. A glassful occasionally, in pas- sive hemorrhages. Foy. Aromatic Alum "Whet. R. Powdered alum one drachm Sugar of milk half a drachm Powdered cinnamon fifteen grains Milk two pints Boil, and strain when coagulated. In passive uterine hemorrhages. To be taken during the day. Niemann. Mustard Whey. R. Bruised mustard seed half an ounce Milk one pint Boil till the milk is coagulated, and strain. A cupful, as a diuretic, in dropsical affec- tions. A. T. Thomson. Wine Whey. R. Boiling milk half a pint White wine one to two fl. ounces Sugar sufficient Boil for ten minutes, constantly stirring, then strain. A good mode of giving wine as a stimulant. Dose must depend on cir- cumstances. Ellis. Powder op Milk. R. Milk two pints Powdered carbonate of soda half a drachm Water one fl. ounce Sugar one pound Dissolve the soda in the water, add the solution to the milk, gently heat, and stir. When evaporated to one-third, add the sugar gradually, and stir. Remove from fire, pour into plates, and dry in an oven. When dry, powder, and keep in well stop- ped bottles. One to two ounces, mixed with a quart of water, forms an agreeable drink, and is a good substitute for milk. Ler/rip. Artificial Goats' Milk. R. Fresh suet one ounce Cut in small pieces, and tic in a muslin bag, and boil in Milk two pints Sugar candy two drachms A good diet in scrofulous emaciation, and in latter stages of phthisis. A. T. Thomson. Mixture of Milk and Suet. R. Shceps' suet two ounces Milk one pint Starch half an ounce Boil slowly for half an hour. As a drink, in dysentery and cholera infantum. Ellis. Milk and Soda Water. R. Milk a teacupful Heat nearly to boiling, and add Sugar a teaspoonful Put in a large tumbler, and add Soda water sufficient A good mode of taking milk when there is much acidity of stomach. A. T. Thomson. Sugar of Milk. R. Plain whey at will Clarify with white of egg, and evaporate on water-bath, to crystallization, and set aside in a cool place. Redwood. Cooling and laxative, in doses of two drachms to one ounce. Syrup op Milk. R. Skimmed milk twelve pounds Evaporate to one-half, and add Sugar nine pounds Cherry laurel water three ounces Guibourt. Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Ice- land Moss. R. Iceland moss four drachms Water one pint and a-half Reduce to one-half by boiling, strain, and add Sugar of milk two drachms Milk one pint Syrup of asparagus three ounces A cupful, occasionally, in chronic catarrh. Cadet. Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Gum Arabic. R. Sugar of milk Sugar, each, two pounds Gum Arabic three pounds Extract of dog grass, seven ounces Mix. Half an ounce dissolved in a quart of water, forms a refreshing and demul- cent drink. Cadet. Sugar op Milk Draught. R . Sugar of milk half an ounce. Boiling water two pounds Lemon juice sufficient Mix. Recommended in cholera, to ap- pease the thirst. Amnion. Parolic Cement. R. Curd of milk, dried and powdered ten ounces one ounce two drachms Quicklime, powdered, Camphor 262 LACCA— LACTUCA. Mis, and keep in closely- stopped bottles. "When used, a portion is to be mixed with a little water into a paste, to be applied quickly. Used to cement broken glass, china, &c. Cooley. LACCA. Lac Is a resinous substance obtained from several kinds of East Indian plants, but particularly from the Croton lacciferum. Many varieties are known in commerce, but the principal are seed, shell, and stick lac, of which the purest is the shell. This is in thin fragments of various shades of yellow, or reddish color; brittle, in- odorous, and insipid. It is somewhat astringent, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now mainly employed in the arts, for the manufac- ture of varnishes, sealing wax, &c. "White or Bleached Lac. R. Shell lac at will Boil in solution of potassa, pass chlorine gas through the solution, and malaxate in hot water. Redwood. Aqueous Solution oe Lac. R. Shell lac five ounces Borax one ounce Water one pint Boil together, and strain. Used as a var- nish, or a vehicle for colors. Mixed with lampblack, it forms an ink that will resist the action of acids. Coolcy. Cement of Shell Lac. R. Shell lac at will Alcohol sufficient to make a solution of the consistence of molasses. Exceedingly tenacious. Cooley. Sealing "Wax, Red. R. Shell lac two pounds Venice turpentine one pound Vermilion one pound and a-half Melt the lac and turpentine together, and stir in the vermilion. Gray. The other colored waxes are made in the same manner, using the appropriate pigment. LACTUCA ELONGATA. "Wild Lettuce. The Wild Lettuce is an indigenous, herbace- ous perennial, from three to six feet high, with pale yellow flowers, growing in woods and fer- tile soils. Sex. Syst. Syngen. asqual. Nat. Syst. Astera- Willd. S P . PI. iii. 1525. Big. Seq. 241. Considered to resemble the Lactuca virosa in medical properties. An extract made from it may be given in doses of five to fifteen grains. LACTUCA. Lettuce. This well known plant is commonly culti- vated for the table as a salad. It is erect and leafy, the leaves being ovate, semi-amplexicant, and entire or toothed. The whole abounding in a bitter, milky juice. It is anodyne and sedative, £>ut is seldom used in this country except in the form of the extract, or lactucarium, but is employed to fulfil many indications in Europe. Mixture of Lettuce and Dandelion. R. Fresh leaves of lettuce and root of dandelion of chicory, each, three ounces Beat the whole into a pulp, adding, gradu- ally, Peppermint water three ounces Express, and filter. To be taken, during the day, in hypochondriasis, with insomnia. Yocjht. Extract of Lettuce. Thridace. R . Juice of the bark of lettuce at will Evaporate in the stove by a gentle heat, on plates. Par. Cod. Syrup of Thridace. R. Thridace two drachms Water two fl. ounces Add to the solution Boiling syrup one pound Evaporate, and strain. Par. Cod. Extract of Lettuce. Lactucarium. R. Collect the milky juice that flows from incisions made in the stalks of lettuce. U. S. Ph. Pills of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium twelve grains Make six pills; one every two hours, till sleep is procured. Ellis. R . Lactucarium twelve grains Conserve of elder berries Extract of liquorice, each, sufficient Mix, and make four pills. One, every three hours, in obstinate coughs, with- out expectoration. Br era. Mixture of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium thirty grains Decoction of Iceland moss two ounces Mucilage half an ounce Syrup one ounce Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in spasmodic cough, insomnia, hysteria, Arc. Br era. LAURUS. 263 Syrup op Lactucarium. R. Lactucarium seventeen grains Distilled water three hundred grains Simple syrup half a pint Extract the lactucarium, with the water at the boiling temperature, add the solu- tion to the syrup, and evaporate it to half a pint. Monchon. Tincture op Lactucarium. R. Powdered lactucarium four ounces Proof spirit two pints Act by displacement or digestion. Ed. Ph. Dose, thirty minims to two fl. drachms. Lozenges op Lactucarium. R. Powdered lactucarium two drachms sugar six ounces gum Arabic liquorice, each, five ounces Mix, and make lozenges. Ed. Ph. As expectorant, in catarrhal affections. Watery Extract op Lettuce. R . Fresh lettuce leaves one pound Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a little water, express the juice, and evapo- rate, without straining, to a proper con- sistence. Lond. Ph. Dose, five to fifteen grains. R. Bark and leaves of lettuce, when old and yellow ; macerate in water for twenty- four hours, boil for two hours, drain through a sieve, evaporate in shallow vessels by exposure. Dose, three to four grains. Probait. Powder op Extract op Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce two grains Powdered foxglove half a grain sugar twelve grains Mix. To be taken every two hours, in hydrothorax. Hufeland. Mixture op Extract op Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce two scruples Tincture of foxglove half an ounce Vinous cinnamon water one drachm and a-half Mix. Thirty drops to one fl. drachm, every two hours. Radius. Aromatic Tincture op Lettuce. R . Leaves of lettuce one ounce Cinnamon one drachm Alcohol "Water, each, four fl. ounces Mix. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Fifteen to thirty drops, in dropsy. Niemann. Water op Lettuce. R. Fresh lettuce ten parts Water twenty parts Distil off ten parts. Par. Cod. Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. Syrup of Lettuce. R. Water of lettuce one pint Sugar two pounds Make syrup. Par. Cod. Mixture op Water op Lettuce. R. Water of lettuce linden, each, two fl. ounces orange flowers two drachms Syrup of poppies one ounce Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Foy. LAURUS. Laurel. Bay Tree. The berries (Lauri baccas) and leaves (Lauri folia) of the Lanrus nobilis, or bay tree, are used in medicine. This laurel is a small, evergreen tree, indigenous to the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. Scx.Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat.Syst. Laura- cese. Linn. Sp. PL 529. Griffith, Med. Bot. 550. The leaves are fragrant, and have an aromatic, bitterish taste. The berries are small, ova], of a deep blue, when fresh, of a brownish-black, when dried, aromatic, and with an acrid, bitter- ish taste; they contain a concrete, greenish oil. Neither the leaves nor berries, nor their products, are now much used in medicine ; they are stimu- lant and narcotic. Oil op Laurel. R. Laurel berries at will Crush, warm the pulp for a few moments by a gentle heat, and subject to pressure. Guibourt. Used as a friction, in swelling and pain in the joints, colic, &c. Laurel Ointment. R. Suet eight ounces Melt, and add Laurel oil one pound Essence of turpen- tine one ounce and a-half Port Ph. There are a variety of formulas for this oint- ment, which is much used under the name of Nervine ointment, or balsam. R. Fresh laurel leaves berries, each, one pound Lard two pounds Digest the bruised leaves and berries with the lard, till all moisture is driven off, and express. Par. Cod. Both these are used as stimulating frictions. 264 LAURO CERASUS— LAVANDULA. LAUPiO CERASUS. Cherry Laurel. This is the officinal appellation of the leaves of the Primus lauro cerasus, a small evergreen tree, a native of Asia Minor, but cultivated in the temperate parts of Europe, both for orna- ment and for medicinal purposes. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Dru pa- Linn. Sp. PL G7S. Griffith, Med. Bot. 2S9. The leaves are ovate-oblong, smooth, and shining, with scarcely any smell when entire, but when bruised, giving out a strong bitter al- mond odor; they have an astringent, bitter taste, with a flavor like the peach kernel. They be- come scentless by desiccation. They possess properties analogous to those of hydrocyanic acid, and some of the preparations from them are used for simila'r purposes. From the plant not being cultivated in this country, these pre- parations are not in use. Cherry Laurel Water. R. Fresh leaves of cherry laurel one pound Water two pints and a-half Compound spirits of lavender one ounce Bruise the leaves, mix them with the wa- ter, and distil off one pint ; agitate this well ; if any milkiness remain, filter, then add the spirit of lavender. Ed. Ph. A sedative narcotic, similar to diluted hydro- cyanic acid, but of uncertain strength. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. Infusion of Cherry Laurel. R. Fresh leaves of cherry laurel four ounces Boiling water two pints Infuse, strain, and add Clarified honey four ounces Used as a lotion in cancer of the lips, and in malignant ulcers. Cadet. Ointment of Cherry Laurel. R. Essential oil of cherry laurel one drachm Lard one ounce Mix. As an application to alleviate pain of cancers. Soubeiran. Cherry Laurel Water Lotion. R. Distilled cherry laurel ■water four ounces Sulphuric ether one ounce Extract of belladonna two drachms Mix. Said to be very beneficial as a lo- tion in cases of neuralgia. Poux. Mixture of Cherry Laurel Water. R. Cherry laurel water sixty drops Peppermint water two fl. ounces Infusion of quassia four fl. ounces Mix. In dysentery, &c, in doses of a tablespoonful, three times a-day. Aiujustin. Cerate of Cherry Laurel. R. Cherry laurel water twelve parts Oil of almonds sixteen parts White wax four parts Melt the oil and wax together, and mix the cherry laurel water, stirring well. As an application to burns. Roux. LAVANDULA. Lavender. Several species of Lavender are used in me- dicine, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the Lavandula vera. ' This is a small shrub, a native of the south of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens ; it has opposite, ses- sile, narrow leaves, and spikes of small, blue flowers. Sex. Syst. Didym. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lami- acere. Linn. Sp. PI. 800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 501. The part used is the flowers: these have a strong, fragrant odor, and an aromatic, warm, bitterish taste. Lavender is an aromatic stimu- lant, and much used in nervous debility, but is mostly employed as a perfume. Compound Powder of Lavender. R. Lavender Benzoin Cloves Sal ammoniac, each, one ounce Petals of red roses four ounces Pomegranate flowers Chamomile flowers Pot marygold flowers, each, two ounces Peppermint flowers six drachms Myrrh four drachms Cologne water two drachms Solution of ammonia eighteen drops Oil of cinnamon six drops Mix well. To perfume rooms and drawers. Guibourt. Spirit of Lavender. R. Fresh lavender two pounds Alcohol one gallon Water two pints Mix, and distil a gallon by a slow fire. U. S. Ph. Lavender Water. R. Oil of lavender one fl. ounce Diluted alcohol fifteen fl. ounces Mix. Gray. R. Alcohol five gallons Oil of lavender twenty ounces bergamot five ounces Essence of ambergris half an ounce Mix. LIMON. Oil of lavender four ounces Essence of musk two ounces Oil of berga- mot ten fl. drachms and a-half Oil of cloves roses origanum rosemary five drachms one drachm half a drachm half a drachm ten pints two pints Alcohol Water Mis. These are used for perfumes. Compound Spirit op Lavender. R. Spirit of lavender three pints Spirit of rosemary one pint Bruised cinnamon one ounce cloves two drachms nutmeg half an ounce Easped red saunders three drachms Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant and carminative, in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm. Ointment op Lavender. R. Oil of lavender nutmeg Butter of cocoa equal parts Mix. To increase the growth of hair. Ethereal Tincture op Lavender. R. Oil of lavender one part Sulphuric ether seven parts Mix. Dose, five to ten drops. Beral. Compound Essence of Lavender. R. Oil of lavender cloves orange peel bergamot Sweet spirit of nitre Oil of yellow sandal neroli roses, each, cinnamon Diluted alcohol Dissolve, and add Honey water Essence of ambergris and musk Mix. As a perfume. forty-eight drops thirty-two drops sixteen drops eight drops eight drops two drops one drop one ounce eight ounces one ounce Redwood. LIMON. Lemon. The Lemon is the fruit of the Citrus limonum, a native of Asia, but now generally cultivated in all warm climates. V Sex. Sijd. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst Aurantiacete. 265 Griffith, Med. Bot. Risso, Ann. Mus. xx. 207. 16S. The parts used in medicine are, the juice and the outer rind ; the latter has a fragrant odor, and an aromatic, bitter taste; the juice, as is well known, is very acid, with a peculiar, grateful, and refreshing taste. Essence op Lemon. R. Pure oil of lemon one fl. ounce Deodorized alcohol eight fl. ounces Exterior rind of lemon (fresh) half an ounce Mix. Macerate for forty-eight hours, and filter; used for flavoring mixtures, and for pastry. W. Procter. Lozenges op Oil op Lemon. R. Oil of lemon one drachm Sugar twelve ounces Lemon water sufficient Boil one-third of the sugar, with the lemon water, to the consistence of honey, by a gentle heat, add the rest of the sugar and the oil, and form lozenges. Cottereau. Lozenges op Lemon Juice. R. Lemon juice two ounces and a-half Sugar sixteen ounces Essence of lemon one scruple Mix, and form lozenges. Radius. COLLUTORY OP LEMON JUICE. R. Lemon juice Sugar, each, one part Claret wine sixteen parts As a mouth-wash in scurvy. Brera. Lemonade. R. Lemon juice Fresh lemon peel Sugar Boiling water Mix, and let cool. R. Lemons four ounces half an ounce four ounces three pints Ellis. three two pints two ounces Boiling water Sugar Cut the lemons in slices, pour the water on them, and add the sugar at the end of an hour, and strain. Raticr. Compound Lemonade. R. Lemons two Peel them, remove the seeds, and beat them with Toasted bread two ounces Adding, gradually, Infusion of malt one pint and a-half Strain, and add Syrup of mulberrpf one ounce Wine ^ six ounces Cadet. 266 LIMON. Lemon Peel Water. R. Pare the rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an ounce of loaf sugar; put both into a jar, and add a quart of boiling water; when cold decant, and add one tablespoonful of lemon juice. A. T. TJwmson. Lemon Syrup. R. Strained lemon juice one pint Sugar two pounds Mix, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. Syrup of Lemon Peel. R. Fresh lemon peel three ounces Boiling water one pint Infuse for three days, and add Syrup three pounds Guibourt. Yinous Syrup of Lemon Peel. R. Fresh lemon peel half a pound Wine a pint and a-half Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and add Syrup one pound and a-half Boil, strain, and add Oil of lemon, rubbed with sugar fifteen drops Sard. Ph. Spirit of Lemon. R. Fresh lemon peel one part Alcohol four parts Water two parts Macerate for two days, and then distil four parts. Taddci. Odoriferous Spirit of Lemon. R. Oil of lemon bergamot lavender, each, one part Acetic ether four parts Mix. Used as a perfume. Sax. Ph. Cologne Water. R. Oil of bergamot lemon cedrat, each, three ounces rosemary neroli lavender, each, one ounce and a-half cinnamon six drachms Alcohol twenty-four pounds Eau de melisse three pounds Spirit of rosemary two pounds Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the other articles, and distil four-fifths. Cotter eau. R. Balm two pounds Rosemary eight ounces Lemon peel Nutmeg Cloves Cinnamon Coriander, each, Oil of bergamot Alcohol Water two ounces one ounce six pounds eight pounds Mix, and distil by a gentle fire. Niemann. R. Oil of neroli lemon bergamot orange rosemary, each, twelve drops Cardamom one drachm Alcohol one pint Mix, and distil two-thirds. Said by Troms- dorff to be the formula used at Cologne. Niemann. R. Oil of bergamot lemon cedrat neroli, each, four drachms cinnamon rosemary, each, one drachm Alcohol three pounds Spirit of rosemary three ounces Digest for a few days, and distil almost to dryness, add to the product Balm water nine ounces Spirit of jasmine orris, each, four drachms Giordano. R . Oil of bergamot three ounces lemon two ounces lavender three drachms and a-half neroli two drachms and a-half origanum two drachms rosemary one drachm Essence of vanilla two drachms Musk ten grains Alcohol thirteen pints Rose water two pints Orange-flower water one pint Mix, and after fourteen days, filter. Gray. R. Essence of bergamot two ounces rosemary mint, each, one drachm lemon two drachms neroli ten grains Balm water two ounces and a-half Mix. Ferrer a Ph. R. Oil of bergamot lemons, each, one drachm neroli half a drachni cedrat twenty drops LINUM— LIRIODENDRON. 267 Honey water one ounce Alcohol one pint Mix. Gray. R. Oil of neroli orange lemon marjoram rosemary, each, one drachm and a-half cinnamon fonr drops Civet three grains Ambergris two grains Alcohol four pounds and a-half Macerate for a month, and filter. Swediaur. R. Oil of bergamot three drachms lemon two drachms lavender twenty-five drops neroli fifteen drops origanum ten drops Alcohol two pints Mix. Gray. Unparalleled Water. R • Oil of lemon half an ounce bergamot two drachms and a-half cedrat two drachms Alcohol seventy-two ounces Hungary water eight ounces Mix, and distil all but nine ounces. Giuhourt. LINUM. Flaxseed. Flaxseed is the product of Linum usitatissi- mum, or common flax, now cultivated in most parts of the world, but whose native country is unknown. Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Linaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 397. Griffith, Med. Bot. 206. Both the seeds and the oil extracted from them are officinal. The first are small, oval, shining, and of a brown color. They are devoid of smell, and have a mucilaginous taste when unbroken, but an oily one when chewed. When steeped in water, they afford a viscid, inodorous and al- most tasteless mucilage. The oil, which is ob- tained by expression, is laxative and emollient, but is principally used in the arts. Compound Meal oe Flaxseed. R. Flaxseed meal Barley meal Rye meal equal parts Mix. To make cataplasm. Cottereau. Emollient Cataplasm. R. Compound meal of flax- seed four ounces Water sufficient. Boil to proper consistence. Par. Cod. Cataplasm op Flaxseed. R. Boiling water one pint Flaxseed meal sufficient Mix, and make cataplasm. Lond. Ph. Infusion op Flaxseed. R. Flaxseed half an ounce Liquorice, bruised, two drachms Boiling water one pint Macerate for four hours, in a covered ves- sel, and strain. IT. S. Ph. A pleasant demulcent drink, in inflammatory affections of the lungs, bladder, &c. Flaxseed Mixture. R. Flaxseed one drachm Boiling water six ounces Infuse, strain, and add Syrup of poppies half an ounce Orange-flower water two drachms Mix. St Marie. Clyster oe Flaxseed Oil. R. Flaxseed oil two ounces infusion eight ounces Mix. Swediaur. Flaxseed Oil Liniment. R. Flaxseed oil twelve fl. ounces Lime water seven fl. ounces Mix. As an application to burns and scalds. Ainslie. LIRIODENDRON. Tulip Tree Bark. The tulip tree, or Liriodendrontulipifera, is one of the most magnificent of our native trees. It is found in most parts of the United States, and is popularly known as the poplar. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Magno- liacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 755. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98. The officinal portion is the bark ; this, when deprived of its epidermis, is of a yellowish white color, having a faint odor, but a bitter, pungent, aromatic taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and has been used as a febrifuge, as well as in dys- pepsia, chronic rheumatism, &c. The dose in powder is from half a drachm to two drachms. Infusion op Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, as a stimulating tonic and diapho- retic. Wood. Tincture op Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark, bruised, four ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, about a fl. drachm. Beasley. 268 LOBELIA— LUPULINA. LOBELIA. Lobelia. Several species of Lobelia are medicinal, but the only one recognized as officinal, is the L. in- flate!, a small annual plant, found in most parts of the United States, having numerous small blue flowers, on leafy racemes. The leaves are ovate, sessile, serrate, and hairy. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lobeli- acese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1006. Griffith, Med. Bot. 41S. The whole herb is officinal, but the root and seed vessels are the most active. When dried, it has a somewhat unpleasant odor, and an acrid, burning, nauseous taste, resembling that of tobacco. It is emetic, and, in small doses, ex- pectorant and sudorific. It also possesses nar- cotic properties. It is principally used in asth- ma, it has also been used in other diseases of the respiratory organs, &c. Dose in substance, as an emetic, from five to twenty grains, as an expectorant, one to three grains. Infusion of Lobelia. R. Lobelia one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse. A fl. -ounce every half hour, till vomiting ensues. Ellis. Tincture of Lobelia. R. Lobelia four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, as emetic, half fl. ounce ; as antispas- modic and expectorant in asthma, one to two fl. drachms, every two or three hours. Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia. R . Lobelia, in coarse powder, five ounces Spirit of sulphuric ether two pints Form tincture by displacement. Ed, Ph. Dose, the same as alcoholic tincture. R. Lobelia one pound Alcohol four pints Spirit of nitric ether four pints sulphuric ether four ounces Macerate for fourteen days in a dark place, and filter. Dose, five to twenty minims. Whitelaw. Mixture of Lobelia. R. Tincture of lobelia one drachm Decoction of mallows six ounces A spoonful, every two or three hours, as an expectorant. Radius. Acetic Extract of Lobelia. R. Lobelia seed, bruised, eight ounces Diluted alcohol four pints Acetic acid one fl. ounce Macerate the seed in the diluted alcohol, to which the acid has been added, for forty- eight hours ; then displace until four pints of tincture are obtained, using diluted al- cohol to expel the last portion, and then evaporate to the consistence of an extract. W. Procter. Vinegar of Lobelia. R. Lobelia leaves, in powder, four ounces Diluted acetic acid one and a-half pints Macerate for twelve hours, and displace until twenty-four fluid ounces are ob- tained — using diluted acetic acid to ex- pel the last portion. W. Procter. Syrup of Lobelia. R. Vinegar of lobelia six fl. ounces Sugar twelve ounces (av.) Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, by aid of heat, remove the scum which rises, and strain. W. Procter. LUPULINA. Lupulin Is the powder attached to the strobiles of Hu- mulus Inpulus, and has all the properties of hops. It is a yellowish powder, mixed with portions of the scales of the hop strobiles. It is tonic, and somewhat narcotic. It is obtained by rubbing, or threshing and sifting the strobiles, or by wash- ing these several times in different portions of water, mixing the washings, and letting the lu- pulin deposit, when it is to be dried. The dose is from six to ten grains. Powder of Lupulin. R. Lupulin one part Sugar two parts Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Foy. Pills of Lupulin. R. Lupulin at will Rub into mass in a warm mortar, and divide into two-grain pills. Mag&ndie. R. Lupulin two drachms Gum tragacanth Water, each, sufficient Make mass, and make pills of two grains. Tincture of Lupulin. R. Lupulin four ounces Alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in sweetened water. Syrup of Lupulin. R. Tincture of lupulin one part Syrup seven parts Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Foy. Emulsion with Lupulin. R. Tincture of lupulin four scruples Syrup of red poppies of orange flowers, each, Emulsion of almonds Water Mix. MACIS— MAGNESIA. 269 one ounce four ounces ten ounces Beral. Ointment of Lupulin. R. Lupulin one part Lard three parts Digest, on a water-bath, for five or six hours, and strain. To appease the pain of cancerous ulcers. Soubeiran. M MACIS. Mace. A laciniated and reticulated, smooth, thin> flexible membrane, of a saffron yellow color,' which is the arillus investing the shell of the nutmeg, which, in taste and odor, it much re- sembles. It is an active, aromatic stimulant, but is more used for culinary purposes than in medicine. The dose is from ten grains to a scru- ple. Tincture of Mace. R. Mace one part Alcohol (-851) eight parts Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Beral. Dose, from thirty to forty drops, as a carmin- ative and stomachic. Carminative Drops. R . Oil of mace half a drachm Nitric ether a drachm and a-half Mix. In flatulent colic, ten or twelve drops on sugar. Radius. Nervine Balsam. R. Oil of mace four ounces Beef marrow four ounces Melt together, and add Oil of rosemary cloves Camphor Balsam tolu Dissolved in Rectified spirit As a liniment in rheumatism, &c. Rcdirnotl two drachms one drachm one drachm two drachms four drachms MAGNESIUM. This metal is not used, but many of its com- pounds are largely employed. MAGNESIA. Magnesia. R. Carbonate of magnesia, any quantity. Put in an earthen vessel, and expose it to a red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic acid is wholly expelled. U. S. Ph. Heavy Magnesia. R. Mix solutions of one hundred and twenty-three parts of crystallized sulphate of magnesia, and one hundred and forty- four parts of crystallized carbonate of soda; evaporate to dryness, and calcine till the carbonic acid is expelled. Dissolve out the sulphate of soda, wash, and dry. R. Phillips. Powder op Magnesia and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple Magnesia ten grains Oil of cinnamon one drop Mix. As a purgative, to be given in sugar and water. Ellis. Powder op Magnesia and Sulphur. R. Precipitated sulphur Magnesia, each, half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, as an aperient. Ellis. Powder of Magnesia and Orange Peel. R. Magnesia four drachms Powdered orange peel fennel seed, each, one drachm Sugar two drachms Mix. Ten or twelve grains, three times a-day, as a stimulant to the digestive or- gans. Foy. Magnesia Mixture. R. Magnesia one drachm Water of ammonia one fl. drachm Spirit of cinnamon three fl. drachms Water five and a-half fl. ounces Mix. Recommended by Dr. James, in the cardialgia of pregnant women. Two or three teaspoonfuls, to be taken as oc- casion may recruire. Sims. R . Magnesia thirty grains 270 MAGNESIA ACETAS— MAGNESIAS CARBONAS. two drachms Syrup of ginger Peppermint water two fl. ounces and a-half Compound spirit of lavender half fl. drachm Spirit of caraway half fl. ounce Mix. A spoonful, every hour as an ant- acid. Foy. Magnesia and Gentian. R. Magnesia one drachm Infusion of gentian six fl. ounces Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, in cases of uric acid diathesis. Brande. Magnesia and Rhubarb Mixture. R. Magnesia half a-drachm Powdered rhubarh two grains sugar one drachm Essence of peppermint six drops Distilled water one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. In bowel complaints of children. A teaspoonful, every two hours, till it operates. Ellis. MAGNESIiE ACETAS. Acetate op Magnesia. R. Carbonate of mag- nesia one hundred and twenty parts Acetic acid sufficient to saturate. Evaporate till the mixture weighs three hundred parts. It forms a syrupy fluid. One ounce of this solution mixed with three ounces of syrup of oranges, constitutes the weaker solution, and one ounce and a-half to three ounces of syrup, forms the stronger solution. Renault MAGNESIA CARBONAS. Carbonate op Magnesia. Solution op Magnesia. R. Sulphate of magnesia seven drachms Bi-carbonate of soda nine drachms Water twenty fl. ounces Carbonic acid gas six volumes Dissolve the salts in the water, and pass the gas through the mixture. The result will be two drachms of bi-carbonate of magnesia, in solution. Phoebus. Dewees' Carminative. R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm Tincture of assafetida forty drops opium twenty drops Sugar one drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix. In flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c, of children. Dose, twenty drops and up- wards, according to age. Dewees. Dalby's Carminative. R. Carbonate of magnesia two scruples Oil of peppermint one drop nutmeg two drops aniseed three drops Tincture of castor thirty drops assafetida fifteen drops Spirit of pennyroyal fifteen drops Compound tincture of cardamom thirty drops Peppermint water two ounces Paris. R. Carbonate of potassa half an ounce magnesia twelve ounces Laudanum six fl. ounces Oil of peppermint caraway fennel, each, two fl. scruples Sugar thirty-two ounces Water ten pints Triturate the oils with the sugar and mag- nesia, then add the remainder. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Carbonate op Magnesia Mixture. R. Carbonate of magnesia half a drachm Sulphate of magnesia three drachms Aromatic spirit of ammonia one fl. drachm Tincture of rhubarb half fl. ounce henbane half fl. drachm Mint water four fl. ounces Mix. As a carminative cathartic. A ta- blespoonful, two or three times a-day. Meiys. Magnesia and Colchicum. R. Carbonate of magnesia one drachm Sugar Gum Arabic, each, sufficient Wine of colchicum forty drops Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. In gout and rheumatism. A ta- blespoonful, every hour, till it operates. Ellis. Mixture op Magnesia and Camphor. R. Magnesia one drachm Camphor half a drachm ir Gum Arabic, each, sufficient Sulphuric ether half fl. drachm Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. In flatulency and irritable stomach. A tablespoonful, four or five times a-day. Ellis. MAGNESLE CITRAS— MAGNESLE SULPHAS. 271 MAGNESIA CITKAS. Citrate of Magnesia. R. Citric acid at will Dissolve in water, and add Carbonate of magnesia sufficient to saturate ; wash the powder, and dry by a gentle heat. Laxative, but not as ac- tive as the sulphate. Beasley. Solution of Citrate of Magnesia. R. Carbonate of magnesia two hundred and ninety-two grains Crystallized citric acid* four hundred and forty-six grains Water sixteen fl. ounces Lemon syrup two fl. ounces Dissolve one hundred and thirty-eight grains of the carbonate in two fl. ounces of water; holding in solution one hundred and seventy grains of citric acid, and pour it into a twelve ounce mineral water bot- tle. The remainder of the magnesia is then triturated with the rest of the water, and poured into the bottle, and one hun- dred and eighty-five grains of the acid added, and the bottle immediately corked and tied over. As soon as, with occasional agitation, the opaque fluid becomes slight- ly milky, remove the cork, filter the solu- tion, and pour it back into the bottle, with two ounces of lemon syrup, and ninety- one grains of citric acid ; cork and wire. Each ounce contains one drachm of the ci- trate. Dose, from a half to a whole bot- tle. Rahourdin. Citrate of Magnesia "Water. R. Subcarbonate of mag- nesia five drachms and a-quarter Citric acid five drachms and a-half Lemon syrup two drachms and a half Water sufficient to fill a Scidlitz water bottle. Dissolve the acid in one sixth of the wa- ter, triturate the carbonate with the re- mainder, and add to it half the acid solu- tion ; and, on the ceasing of the efferve- scence, pour it into the bottle with the syrup; add the acid solution, and cork instantly. As a purgative draught. Bardct. MAGNESIiE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Magnesia. Cheltenham Salts. R . Sulphate of magnesia Muriate of soda, each, four parts Sulphate of soda three parts To be well dried before being powdered and mixed. Dose, half an ounce, or more, in solution. Cooley. Seidlitz Water. R. Sulphate of magnesia two drachms Chloride of magnesia eighteen grains Soda water twenty fl. ounces Dissolve. As a purgative. Foy. Purgative Emulsion. R . Sulphate of magnesia two drachms Flake manna one ounce Simple emulsion four fl. ounces Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two hours. Wendt. Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartar Emetic. R. Sulphate of magnesia one ounce Tartar emetic one grain Flake manna one ounce Lemon juice half an ounce Water • eight ounces Make a solution, and strain. A table- spoonful, every hour, till it operates. JDewees. Sulphate of Magnesia and Coffee. R. Sulphate of magnesia one ounce Powdered roasted coffee two drachms and a-half Water sixteen ounces Boil well in an earthen vessel, for two minutes ; remove from fire, and let infuse for some minutes ; then filter, or strain. This will destroy the bitter taste of the salt. Combes. Clyster with Sulphate of Magnesia. R. Sulphate of magnesia two ounces Olive oil one fl. ounce Tepid water one pint Mix. One-half to be injected, and if it does not produce the desired effect, the remainder to be administered. Ellis. Sulphate of Magnesia and Sulphuric Acid. . R. Sulphate of magnesia sufficient to saturate Water seven fl. ounces Add to solution Diluted sulphuric acid one fl. ounce Dose, a tablespoonful, in a wineglassful of water, every hour, till it operates. Henry. Sulphate of Magnesia and Kociielle Salt. R . Sulphate of magnesia Tartrate of potassa and soda equal parts 272 MAGNESII SULPHURETUM— MANGANESII MURIAS. Dose, two to three drachms, in six ounces of water. Christison. Sulphate op Magnesia and Nitric Acid. R . Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce Tincture of jalap one fl. drachm Nitric acid two drops Mint water two fl. ounces Mis. To be taken for a draught. Ellis. MAGNESII SULPHURETUM. sltlphuret of magnesia. Syrup op Sulphuret of Magnesia. R . Sulphuret of magnesia half an ounce Fennel water six ounces Dissolve, strain, and add Sugar fifteen ounces Said to be useful in chronic exanthemata, hooping- cough ? &c. Dose, a spoonful, oc- casionally. Radius. MAGNESIA PHOSPHAS. . Phosphate of Magnesia. R. Magnesia at will Phosphoric acid sufficient to saturate ; filter, and evaporate to dry- ness. Kcimann. Stated to be useful in rachitis, in closes of ten to twenty grains. MAGNOLIA. The barks of several species of Magnolia are employed as stimulating tonics in the United States, but more especially that of M. glauca. It is a stimulating, bitter tonic, with some dia- phoretic powers, and the decoction has been used with some success in intermittent fevers and rheumatism, as has also a tincture of the cones. Dose, in powder, half a drachm to a drachm. Tincture of Magnolia. R. Recently drjpd bark or cones of magnolia four ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for a week, express, and filter. In chronic rheumatism. Beaslev. MALTUM. Malt. Malt is barley germinated by warmth and moisture, and then subjected to such a degree of heat as to destroy the vital principle. It contains sugar, gum, and hordein, and is principally used in the manufacture of malt liquors. Infusion of Malt. R. Ground malt one pint Scalding water three pints Infuse for two hours, strain, and add sugar or lemon juice, if required. Ellis. Much prescribed by the late Dr. Parrish, as a drink in inflammatory fevers. Emollient Clyster. R. Ground malt Mallow root Pearl barley, each, two drachms Water 9 one quart Boil down to a pint, and strain. Phoebus. MALVA. Common Mallow. Several species of Mallow are recognized as officinal in the European Pharmacopoeias, and, although they are very similar in their proper- ties, that most generally employed is the M. syl- vestris, the leaves and flowers being the officinal parts. They are emollient and demulcent, but are seldom or never employed in this country. MANGANESIUM. Manganese. This metal is never employed in medicine, but several of its oxides and salts have obtained some celebrity. MANGANESII CARBONAS. Carbonate of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese at will Wash in very dilute muriatic acid, dis- solve in strong muriatic acid, and evapo- rate to dryness. Dissolve part in water, and precipitate with carbonate of soda; wash precipitate, and digest it with a solu- tion of the rest of the salt. Filter, and precipitate by carbonate of soda; wash, and dry. Beasley. MANGANESII MURIAS. Muriate of Manganese. R. Muriatic acid at will Carbonate of manganese sufficient to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Preserve in closely -stopped bottles. A solution in water has been praised as a gargle in aphthous sore throat. Jourdain. Pills of Muriate of Manganese. R. Muriate of manganese two scruples Gum Arabic Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple MANGANESII OXIDUM— MANNA. 273 Mix, and form pills of two grains. Ad- vised in obstinate cutaneous affections, in doses of from five to twenty. Augustin. MANGANESII OXIDUM. Oxide of Manganese. Powder of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese two grains Magnesia one scruple Mix. To be taken every three hours, in chlorosis. Bvera. Bolus of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese fourteen grains Extract of savine Aloes, each, six grains Mix, and divide into six boluses; to be taken during the day, as an emmenagogue. Niemann. Ointment of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese one part Lard two parts Giordano. Ointment of Oxide of Manganese and Sulphur. R. Oxide of manganese Sulphur, each, one ounce Soap one ounce Lard three drachms Mix. Beasley. Both these ointments have been recommended in porrigo, and other skin diseases. MANGANESII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Manganese. R. Carbonate of manganese at will Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient to saturate ; evaporate, and crystallize. Dose, one to two drachms, in half a pint of water; to be taken before breakfast, as a cholagogue cathartic. Beasley. MANNA. Manna. This is the concrete juice of several species of Fraxinus, but principally from the F. omus, or Ornus Europcca; a small tree found in the south of Europe. Hex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oleraceae. Linn. Sp. Pi. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 445. There are several varieties of manna — -flake, common or in sorts, and fat. The first is the best and purest. It consists of sugar, a peculiar prin- ciple called mannite, and a viscous, nauseous matter. Manna is a gentle laxative, but some- 18 times causes flatulence and pain. Dose, for an adult, one to two ounces ; for children, one to four drachms. * Lozenges of Manna. R. Mallow root Water, each, four ounces Boil a short time, and add Manna twelve ounces When dissolved, strain, and add Sugar six pounds Opium, dissolved in water, twelve grains Evaporate to the consistence of an electu- ary, and add Orange-flower water three ounces Essence of bergamot citron, each, four drops Evaporate to proper consistence, pour on a marble slab, and divide into lozenges. Guibourt.. Syrup of Manna. R. Manna six ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve, and strain, then add Sugar one pound Evaporate to syrup. Pidereau, Emulsion of Manna. R. Sweet almonds half an ounce Manna two ounces Syrup of peach flowers one fl. ounce Infusion of liquorice four fl. ounces Orange-flower water half fl. ounce Make an emulsion. Radius. R. Manna Oil of almonds, each, one ounce Carbonate of potassa twelve grains Cinnamon water Water, each, three fl. ounces Rub the first three ingredients together, and gradually add the waters. Two fl. ounces to be taken daily, in divided doses, in inflammation of the kidneys. Babinglon. Manna Mixture. R . Sulphate of magnesia one ounce Manna six drachms Tincture of senna one fl. drachm and a-half Boiling water five fl. ounces Mix. As a purge. Ainslie. R. Manna one ounce Sulphate of soda one ounce and a-half Water six fl. ounces Augustin. R. Manna four ounces Senna one ounce Cremor tartar half an ounce 274 Anise Boiling water Digest for some time. MANNITE— MARRUBIUM. half an ounce four pints and strain. Span. Pliarm. MANNITE. Mannite. R. Common manna six pounds Distilled water three pints White of egg one Mix, and boil for a few minutes ; strain when cold ; press impure mannite in a cloth ; mix it with its weight of water, and again press. Dissolve in boiling wa- ter, with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. Ruspini. Dose, from two drachms to two ounces. MARANTA. Arrowroot. Arrowroot is the fecula of the roots, or rhi- zomes of many plants, but that in common use is derived from the Maranta arundinacca, a na- tive of the West Indies. Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ma- rantaceffi. Linn. Sp. PL 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 637. West Indian arrowroot is a light white pow- der, tasteless and inodorous. It has firm feel, and crackles when pressed. It is nutritious and demulcent, and is an article of diet well suited to the sick and convalescent, especially in bow- el complaints. It is prepared for use by adding to it a certain proportion of boiling water, usual- ly about a pint to a tablespoonful of the fecula. Water Arrowroot. R. Rub the arrowroot with a little cold water, till well mixed ; then pour boiling water over it, stirring constantly; after- wards boil for five minutes. Sweeten with white sugar, and flavor with lemon juice, or some aromatic; if wine be added, none of the astringent kinds should be used. Thomson. Milk Arrowroot. R. Arrowroot a tablespoonful Sweet milk Boiling water, each, half a pint Proceed as with water arrowroot. Ellis. R. Milk fifteen fl. ounces Sugar two ounces Arrowroot one ounce Proceed as above. Beral. Arrowroot Pudding. Rub a tablespoonful of arrowroot with a little cold water, and add to it, stirring constantly, a pint of boiling milk; with this mix one egg and three teaspoonfuls of sugar, previously beaten together. This may be boiled or baked, and forms a good diet in convalescence. Thomson. Beep Tea Arrowroot. This is made in the same manner as the water arrowroot, except that beef tea is used in the boiling state instead of water, and that the mixture is to be boiled twenty minutes instead of five. Thomson. MARRUBIUM. HOREROTJND. Horehound, M. vulgare, is a small, herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in some parts of this country. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- miacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 816. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. The whole herb is officinal. It has a strong and peculiar odor in the fresh state, which is almost lost on drying. Its taste is bitter, and somewhat acrid. It is tonic, emmenagogue, anti- spasmodic, and, in large doses, laxative. The dose of the powder is from thirty grains to a drachm. Extract oe Horehound. R. Powdered horehound sufficient Exhaust by the process of displacement, and evaporate to proper consistence. The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm. Compound Decoction of Horehound. R. Dried horehound one ounce Bruised liquorice root Flaxseed, each, half an ounce Boiling water one pint and a-half Macerate for four hours, and strain. Dose, from a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces, in catarrh. Steph. and Church. Pectoral Mixture. R . Extract of horehound couch grass, each, two drachms Decoction of dandelion ten fl. ounces Oxymel of squills Syrup of fennel, each, two fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. AuQustin. Syrup op Horehound. R. Dried horehound one ounce Horehound water two pints Digest for two hours, express, and add Sugar four pounds Form a syrup. Cotter -eau. MASTICHE— MATICO. 275 Horehound Candy. R. Expressed juice of horehound one pint Sugar ten pounds Boil to proper consistence, pour into moulds, or on marble slab, and divide. Cooky. Much used to allay irritation of throat, in ca- tarrh. MASTICHE. Mastic. Mastic is a concrete, resinous exudation from the Pistacia lentiscus,- a small tree, a native of most of the countries bordering on the Mediter- ranean. Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Anacar- Linn. Sp. PI. 1454. Griffith, Med. Bot. 186. Mastic occurs in yellowish, semi-transparent, brittle grains or tears, of mild, agreeable smell, and a resinous but not unpleasant taste. It is much used by the Turks as a masticatory to sweeten the breath and to strengthen the gums. It is more employed in the arts as the basis of varnishes, than in medicine. Mastic Dentifrice. R. Powdered mastic Prepared chalk, each, two drachms Powdered orris root half an ounce Oil of roses three drops Mix. Phoebus. Aromatic Mastic Collutory. R. Mastic two drachms Balsam of Peru half a drachm Gum Arabic two drachms Orange-flower water six fl. ounces Make an emulsion, and add Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms Phoebus. Anti-Odontalgic Paste. R. Mastic Sandarach, each, two drachms Kino ten grains Opium two grains Oil of rosemary eight drops Spirit of horseradish sufficient Mix, and form a paste. Used to fill de- cayed teeth. Gassicourt. Etiiereal Tincture of Mastic. R. Mastic four parts Sulphuric ether one part Dissolve. To fill the cavity of carious teeth, for which purpose a small dossil of cotton is saturated with it, and introduced into the cavity. Soubeiran. Picture Varnish. Mastic three hundred and sixty parts Venice turpentine forty-five parts R Camphor fifteen parts Spirit of turpentine one thousand parts Dissolve with heat. Redwood. Crystal Varnish. R. Mastic ' three ounces Alcohol one pint Dissolve. Used to fix pencil drawings. Cooley. MATICO. Matico. This is the leaves of a Peruvian plant, or plants ; in most cases of the Piper angustifolium (Artanthe elongata). Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper- acese. The leaves, as found in commerce, are strong- ly veined, reticulated ; of a greenish ash color ; mixed with fragments of the stem and flower spikes ; of a somewhat aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste. They have attained much celebrity as a hemostatic, and have also been given in mucous and other discharges. As a styptic, they are applied in substance to the bleeding part. Infusion of Matico. R. Matico one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours. Dose, two table- spoonfuls, two or three times a-day, or of- tener. In hemorrhagic and other dis- charges. Jeffreys. Infusion of Matico and Senna. R. Matico Senna, each, two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. Dose, one fl. ounce and a-half, repeatedly. Watmough. Decoction of Matico. R. Matico one ounce Water one pint Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain. Given as above. Jeffreys. Tincture of Matico. R. Matico two and a-half ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Lane. Dr. Jeffreys directs three ounces of matico. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, in water. In hemorrhagic discharges, &c. Syrup of Matico. R . Matico four ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Make tincture by displacement, evaporate to one half; add Sugar sufficient and form syrup. Ruschenlerger. 276 MATRICARIA— MEL. above. Dose, one to Used in same cases as two fl. drachms. Ointment oe Matico. R. Powdered matico three drachms opium three grains Lard one ounce Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. Young. MATRICARIA. German Chamomile. This is the flowers of M. chamomilla, a small, annual, herbaceous plant, native of many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- ceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 1256. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iv. 23S. The flowers, which are the officinal part, are smaller than those of the true chamomile. They have a strong, penetrating, unpleasant odor, which is much diminished by drying. Their taste is bitter and somewhat nauseous. The medical properties are much the same as those of chamomile, and it is given in the same man- ner. MEL. Honey. This is a peculiar fluid, prepared from flowers by the Apis mcllifica, or honey-bee. In a recent state it is fluid, but by age con- cretes into a soft, granular mass. It has a pecu- liar, somewhat aromatic odor, and a sweet taste, followed by faint acridity. It resembles sugar in its properties, but is more laxative. It is principally used in medicine as a vehicle. Clarified Honey. R. Honey at will Melt by means of a water-bath, and remove the scum. U. S. Pharm. Prepared Honey. R. Clarified honey half a pint Diluted alcohol one pint Prepared chalk half an ounce Mix the honey and alcohol, add the chalk, let the mixture stand for two hours, occa- sionally stirring. Heat to boiling, filter, and evaporate on water-bath, so that when cold the sp. gr. will be 1-32. U. S. Pharm. OXYMEL. R. Honey • two pounds Distilled vinegar one pint Boil to consistence of syrup, removing scum. Dub. Pharm. Hydromel. R. Honey two parts "Water thirty-two parts Dissolve, and strain. A refreshing and slightly laxative drink. Foy. Pectoral Hydromel. R. Washed Iceland moss two ounces Hyssop leaves half an ounce Hydromel two pounds Macerate for five days, strain, and add Sugar three ounces In catarrh, &c, one or two spoonfuls occa- sionally. Foy. Expectorant Mixture. R. Honey Fresh butter, each, two ounces Mix, and melt over a gentle fire. A spoon- ful occasionally. St. Marie. Ceromel. R. Yellow wax one ounce Honey four ounces Melt the wax, and add the honey, stirring well. As an application to indolent ulcers. Van Mons. Honey Water. R. Honey two parts Washed sand three parts Introduce into a retort, and distil on a sand-bath, and remove the oil that floats on the product. Aperient and diuretic; in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. Spielmann. R. Rectified spirit eight pints Rose water two pints Orange-flower water two pints Oil of cloves half an ounce lavender half an ounce bergamot two drachms sandal wood one drachm Honey one ounce Tincture of saffron one ounce Musk ten grains Macerate for a week, and filter. Used as a perfume. Gray. R. Honey Coriander, each, eight ounces Fresh lemon peel one ounce Cloves six drachms Nutmeg Benzoin Storax, each, half an ounce Vanilla three drachms Rose water Orange-flower water, each, five ounces Alcohol forty-eight ounces Distil by means of a water-bath. Guibourt. MELISSA-MENTHA VIRIDIS. 277 MELISSA. Balm. Several species have been used in medicine, but the only one that is officinal in this country is M. officinalis, a small herbaceous plant, which is a native of the South of Europe, and is very generally cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- ra iacese. Linn. Sp. Pi. 827. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. iii. 365. The whole herb is used; it has an agreeable odor, somewhat like that of lemons, and an aro- matic, slightly bitter taste. Its medicinal proper- ties are very slight, but it communicates an agreeable flavor to infusions. Compound Spirit of Balm. R. Fresh balm one pound and a-half Lemon peel four ounces Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs, each, two ounces Angelica, dried, Coriander, each, one ounce Alcohol, .869, eight pounds Macerate for two days, and distil. Used as a perfume. R. Fresh mint thirteen ounces Sage three ounces and a-half Angelica eighteen drachms Hyssop Marjoram, each, fourteen drachms Thyme thirteen drachms Cinnamon Coriander, each, twelve drachms Piosernary Cloves Nutmeg, each, ten drachms Anise half an ounce Lemon peel one drachm Alcohol, (-927) one hundred and forty ounces Macerate for two days, distil, and rectify. Guibourt. This form of the compound spirit of balm is known as the Eau des Camus. It is used as a perfume, stomachic, and stimulant. R. Compound spirit of balm sixteen parts Spirit of mint rosemary, each, twelve parts sage nine parts thyme eight parts Mix. This is known as Eau de Dardcl, and is used as above. Guibourt. Anti-Hysteric "Water. R. Fresh balm one pound Laurel berries Cinnamon, each, one ounce Myrrh half an ounce Castor two drachms White wine twelve pounds Digest for some time, and distil off one- half. As a stimulant, and antispasmodic in hysteria. Wirtemberg Ph. MENTHA PIPEKITA. Peppermint. Many species of Mentha are used in medicine, but two only are recognized in our pharmacopoeia, the M. piperita and M. viridis, both natives of Europe, and naturalized in this country. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lam- Smith, Eng. Bot. 687. Griffith, Med. Bot. 502. The whole plant is used ; it has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and a balsamic, pungent, cam- phorated taste, followed by a sensation of cool- ness. It is aromatic, carminative, and stimulant, and is much employed to expel flatus, obviate nausea, &c. Oil oe Peppermint. R. Peppermint at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Par. Cod. Essence op Peppermint. R. Oil of peppermint two fl. ounces Alcohol one pint Mix. U. S. Ph. Peppermint Lozenges. R. Oil of peppermint one drachm Water of peppermint sufficient Sugar twelve ounces Mix, and form pastilles. Cottereau. Carminative Mixture. R. Essence of peppermint one fl. ounce Peppermint water four fl. ounces Syrup of mallows three fl. ounces Oil of cinnamon two drops peppermint three drops Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in convulsive hiccup. Alibert. R. Magnesia half a drachm Peppermint water two and a-half fl. drachms Compound spirit of lavender half fl. drachm Spirit of carraway four fl. drachms Syrup of ginger two fl. drachms Mix. A spoonful occasionally, as an an- tacid and carminative. Paris. MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spearmint. This species, like the last, although a native of 278 MENYANTHES— MEZEREUM. Europe, has become extensively naturalized in many parts of the United States, principally in low, wet situations. It is less powerfully aro- matic, and pungent than peppermint, but is more agreeable in odor and taste to most persons. It has the same properties, and its preparations are the same as of that article. Infusion or Mint. R. Dried spearmint two drachms Boiling water sufficient to afford six fl. ounces of strained infusion. Dub. Ph. Compound Infusion of Mint. R. Dried spearmint two drachms Boiling water sufficient to afford six fl. ounces of strained infusion. Add Sugar two drachms Oil of spearmint three drops Dissolved in Compound tincture of cardamom half fl. ounce To allay nausea, &c. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dub. Ph. Arquebusade Water. R. Dried mint angelica tops, each, one pound wormwood half a pound Angelica seeds five ounces Oil of juniper half a drachm Spirit of rose- mary three pints and a-half Bectified spirit five gallons Water four gallons Mix, and distil six gallons. Much cele- brated as a vulnerary, for contusions, and for cleansing and healing ulcers and wounds, especially those caused by fire- arms. Redwood. MENYANTHES. BUCKBEAN. The M. trifoliata, or buckbean, is an aquatic, herbaceous plant, with ternate leaves, a native of both Europe and North America. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gen- tianacece. Linn. Sp. PI. 207. Griffith, Med. Bot. 464. All parts of the plant are medicinal. They are very bitter, but have very little odor. In small doses, the buckbean is tonic and astringent, in large ones cathartic, and even emetic. As a tonic, the dose of the powdered leaves, or root, is from twenty to thirty grains. Infusion of Buckbean. , R. Buckbean one ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Saunders. Extract of Buckeean. R. Clarified juice of buckbean at will Evaporate to the proper consistence. Guibourt. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Compound Pills of Buckbean. R. Extract of buckbean valerian, each, two drachms Soap half an ounce Rhubarb one drachru and a-half Syrup sufficient Mix, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a-day, in a costive condition of the bowels. Vogel. Mixture of Buckbean, Fumitory, &c. R. Extract of buckbean fumitory couch grass, each, half an ounce Chamomile water ten fl. ounces Compound infusion of horseradish four fl. ounces Sulphuric acid half a drachm Mix. Two tablespoonfuls a-day, as an anti- scorbutic. Selle. Diuretic Mixture. R. Extract of buckbean half an ounce Vinegar of squills two fl. ounces Tincture of assafetida half fl. ounce Mix. Dose, thirty drops, three times a- day, as a diuretic. Aucjustin. MEZEREUM. Mezereon. This is the bark of several species of Daphne; two species of which are officinal in the U. S. Pharm., the D. mezereum and D. gnidium, both shrubs indigenous to Europe. The first being the most generally used. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thyme- lacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 509. Griffith, Med. Bot. 560. The officinal portion is the bark. This, as found in the shops, is in long, narrow strips, of a grayish color and fibrous texture. It is al- most inodorous, with a sweetish taste at first, soon becoming extremely acrid. It is used as an external irritant and stimulant, and internally as an alterative diaphoretic. Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezereon two drachms Water three pints Boil till reduced to a quart. Add Liquorice root half an ounce Strain. Four to eight fl. ounces a-day. Thomson. In syphilitic affections, especially when there are night-pains and eruptions. MONARDA— MONESIA. Compound Decoction op Mezereon. R. Mezereon two drachms Bittersweet half an ounce Burdock two ounces Water four pints Boil down to three pints, and add Liquorice root two drachms Strain. In the same cases as above ; and in obstinate diseases of the skin. Van Mons. Extract op Mezereon. R. Mezereon three parts Alcohol five parts Digest, and repeat the operation twice, with the same proportion of alcohol, each time; unite the tinctures; filter, and dis- til off three-fourths of the spirit; filter the residue, retaining what is left on the filter. Ham. Pharm. Green Oil op Mezereon. R . Extract of mezereon at will Sulphuric ether sufficient Macerate, express, and permit the ether to evaporate. Guibourt. Mezereon Ointment. R. Extract of mezereon one part Alcohol White wax, each, eight parts Lard seventy-two parts Dissolve the extract in the alcohol ; add the wax and lard ; heat to expel the alco- hol, and strain. Guibourt. R. Green oil of mezereon one part White wax sixteen parts Lard one hundred and sixty parts Mix, and melt by means of a water-bath. Used as a stimulating application to blistered surfaces, and to indolent ulcers. MONARDA. Horsemint. Almost all the species of Monarda are possessed of medicinal properties, but one only is recog- nized as officinal; the M. punctata. This is a native, perennial, herbaceous plant, with yellow flowers, spotted with brown ; usually growing in sandy soil. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- acea?. Linn. Sp. Pi. 12G. Griffith, Med. Bot. 510. The whole plant is aromatic, and abounds in a pungent, volatile oil. It is used in infusion, for flatulent colic, and as an emmenagogue. Oil op Horsemint. K. In sli horsemint at will Water sufficient 279 Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Internally, as a carminative ; in doses of two or three drops, with sugar and water. Externally, as a rubefacient, in low states of fever, rheuma- tism, &c. In most cases it must be diluted. Oil op Horsemint Liniment. R . Oil of horsemint half an ounce Tincture of camphor two ounces Laudanum two drachms Mix. As a rubefacient application. Atlee. MONESIA. MONESIA. This is the extract of an unknown tree, per- haps a Chrysophyllum, coming from South Ame- rica. It is in the form of hard, thick cakes, having at first a sweet taste, which soon be- comes astringent and acrid. It is of a dark brown color, friable, and soluble in water. It has been used with success in various discharges, especially of a chronic character; in chronic bronchitis, &c, in doses of two to ten grains, frequently repeated; also as an application to atonic ulcers. PURIPIED MONESIA. R. Monesia, bruised, one pound Boiling water six pints Infuse for twenty-four hours, stirring occa- sionally; decant, and evaporate by a water- bath. Monesia Mixture. R. Monesia two scruples Water seven and a-half fl. ounces Compound tincture of cardamoms half a fl. ounce Mix, and dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful. Neligan. Syrup op Monesia. R. Monesia one drachm Water one fl. drachm Boiling syrup twelve fl. ounces Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Derosne. Compound Syrup op Monesia. R. Hot syrup of monesia sixteen fl. ounces Orange-flower water half a fl. ounce Extract of poppies sixteen grains Mix. As above. Derosne. Tincture op Monesia. R. Monesia one ounce Diluted alcohol nine and a half fl. ounces Water two fl. ounces Macerate, and decant. Donovan. R. Monesia half an ounce Alcohol two fl. ounces Water seven and a-half fl. ounces St. Ange. 280 MORA— MORPHIA ACETAS. As above. Used in injections ; half a dracbm to a drachm, to six fl. ounces of water. R Monesia Ointment. Monesia one drachm Lard one ounce Mix. St. Ange. R. Monesia Water, each, one part White wax two parts Oil of almonds four parts Mix. Derosne. As an application to indolent ulcers. MORA. Mulberries. Two species of Morus produce fruit which appears to have identical properties: M. nigra, a native of Europe, which is officinal in the foreign Pharmacopoeias ; and M. rubra, a native of the United States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. tetrand. Nat. Syst. Mora- ceae. Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, and form the basis of a grateful drink in febrile cases. Syrup of Mulberries. R. Strained juice of mulberries one pint Sugar two and a-half pounds Dissolve with a gentle heat, set aside for twenty-four hours, remove the scum, and decant. Loud. Ph. As an addition to cooling drinks in fever. Eob of Mulberries. R. Strained juice of mulberries at will Evaporate to the consistence of honey. Austr. Ph. Used as a detersive application to ulcers, and as an addition to gargles. I< one pound MORPHIA Morphia. Opium, sliced, Distilled water Alcohol, each, sufficient Solution of ammonia six fl. ounces Macerate the opium with four pints of the water, for twenty -four hours ; and having worked it with the hand, digest for twenty hours, and strain. Operate on the resi- due twice, in the same manner. Mix the infusions, evaporate to six pints, and fil- ter; then add five pints of alcohol, and afterwards three fl. ounces of the solution of ammonia mixed with a half pint of al- cohol. Let rest for twenty-four hours, add the rest of the ammonia, mixed as be- fore, and set aside for twenty-four hours to crystallize. Purify the crystals by boiling them with two pints of alcohol, till dissolved, and filtering while hot through animal charcoal, and recrystallizing. U. S. Ph. R. Mix a concentrated infusion of opium with milk of lime (in which the lime i3 one-fourth the weight of the opium used) ; heat the mixture to boiling ; filter while boiling hot, through linen, and add an ex- cess of muriate of ammonia. As it cools, the morphia is precipitated. Mohr. R. Muriate of morphia one ounce Distilled water one pint Dissolve, and add Solution of ammonia five fl. drachms mixed with one fl. ounce of distilled wa- ter; shake together; wash the precipitate with distilled water, and dry by a gentle heat. Lond. Ph. One-sixth of a grain is about equal in power to a grain of opium. Pills of Morphia. R. Morphia one grain Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make six pills. Magendie. Morphia Draught. R. Morphia a quarter of a grain Syrup of poppies one drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix. At bedtime. Brera. Injection of Morphia. R. Morphia Almond oil Oil of lilies, each, Mix. R. Morphia Yolk of egg Oil of chamomile poppies, each, two grains half an ounce two grains one one ounce Mix. To ease pain in earache, in acute gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. Brera. MORPHINE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. R. Powdered morphia one ounce Distilled water half a pint Acetic acid sufficient Mix the morphia with the water, and drop in the acid, constantly stirring, till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate to consistence of syrup on a water-bath. Dry by a gentle heat, and powder. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. MORPHLE BIMECONAS— MORPHIA CITRAS. 281 Compound Powder op Acetate of Morphia. one gram six grains twelve grains one drachm one gram ten drops R. Acetate of morphia Powdered foxglove Extract of pulsatilla Sugar Mix, and form thirty-six powders. Four a-day, in the cough and sleeplessness of consumptive patients. Cadet. Bolus of Acetate of Morphia. R . Acetate of morphia Olive oil Crumb of bread Honey, each, sufficient Mix, and make six boluses. Brera. Pills of Acetate of Morphia. R. Aeetate_ of morphia one grain Conserve of roses sixteen grains Mix, and make eight pills. Ilialhe. R . Acetate of morphia one grain Golden sulphuret of antimony Extract of aconite, each, two grains Powdered licpiorice Honey, each, sufficient Mix, and make eight pills. Brera. R. Acetate of morphia one grain Powdered digitalis six grains camphor ten grains gum Arabic eight grains Syrup of tolu sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into six pills. One may be taken every three hours. A. T. Thomson. R. Acetate of morphia fifteen grains Ammon. sulphate of copper half a drachm Inspissated bile Powdered quassia, each, four scruples Mix, and make one hundred pills. Five, morning and evening, in diabetes mcllitus. Brendt. Solution of Acetate of Morphia. R . Acetate of morphia sixteen grains Acetic acid two fl. drachms _ Distilled water six fl. drachms Mix. Dose, six to twenty-four drops. Dunglison. AT.roirc-Lic Solution of Morpiita. R. Acetate of morphia sixteen grains Alcohol one fl. ounce Dissolve. Cottereau. Syrup of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia four grains Dissolve in a small portion of water, and a few drops of acetic acid, add to Syrup sixteen ounces Par. Cod. Mixture with Acetate of Morphia. R. Solution of acetate of morphia twenty drops Lactucarium ten grains Infusion of chamomile five ounces Syrup of marsh mallow half an ounce Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Beral. Clyster with Acetate of Morphia. R. Starch one drachm Hot water one pint Acetate of morphia one grain Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Cadet. Ointment of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia six to eight grains Lard one to two drachms Mix. As a friction in violent rheumatic pains. Foy. R. Acetate of morphia . four grains Mercurial ointment Simple ointment, each, two drachms Mix. In frictions on the labia; twice a- day, in cancer of the uterus. Hildenbrand. MOKPHIiE BIMECONAS. Bimeconate of Morphia. R. Meconic acid two hundred grains Boiling water sufficient Dissolve, and add Morphia sufficient to saturate. Evaporate to dryness. Squire. Dose, one-fourth of a grain. Solution of Bimeconate of Morphia. R . Bimeconate of morphia ten grains Rectified spirit one fl. drachm Distilled water thirteen fl. drachms Mix. About the strength of laudanum. Beasley. MORPHIiE CITRAS. Citrate of Morphia. R. Morphia sixteen grains Crystallized citric acid eight grains Distilled water one ounce Color with Tincture of cochineal two drachms Mix. Dose, six to thirty drops, in the twenty-four hours. Maycndie. 282 MORPHIA HYDRIODAS— MORPHIiE SULPHAS. MORPHIA HYDRIODAS. Hydriodate or Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia two parts Iodide of potassium one part Make a strong solution of each, and mix, wash the precipitate in a little cold water, press in bibulous paper, redissolve in hot water, and let crystallize. A. T. Thomson. MORPHIA MURIAS. Muriate op Morphia. R. Morphia in powder one ounce Distilled water half a pint Muriatic acid sufficient Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the acid, constantly stirring, till the mor- phia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate by means of a water-bath to crystalliza- tion. Dry upon bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. Solution of Muriate op Morphia. R. Muriate of mor- phia one drachm and a-half Rectified spirit five fl. ounces Distilled water fifteen fl. ounces Mix the spirit and water, and dissolve the muriate in the mixture with the aid of heat. Ed. Ph. Eighteen minims contain one-sixth of a grain of the muriate, equal to a grain of opium. Syrup op Muriate op Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia one grain Syrup four ounces Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Cadet. Mixture op Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia sixteen grains Acetic acid four drops Distilled water one fl. ounce Alcohol one fl. drachm Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Cadet. Compound Syrup of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia two grains Syrup of pinks ten ounces balm four ounces orange flowers two ounces Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Cadet. Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia one scruple Tincture of tolu half a fl. ounce Sugar twenty-five ounces Dissolve the muriate in a little hot water, mix it and the tincture with the sugar, beat into a mass with mucilage, and divide into lozenges of fifteen grains. Each loz- enge contains a fortieth of a grain of the muriate. Ed. Ph. Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia and Ipecacuanha. R. Made as the last, with the addition of one drachm of ipecacuanha. Ed. Ph. MORPHIA NITRAS. Nitrate of Morphia. R. Morphia at will Dilute nitric acid sufficient Saturate, dissolve, evaporate, and let crys- tallize. Giordano. MORPHIAS PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Morphia. Make like the last, using dilute phos- phoric acid instead of nitric. MORPHINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. R. Morphia, in powder, one ounce Distilled water half a pint Diluted sulphuric acid sufficient Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the acid, constantly stirring till the mor- phia is saturated and dissolved. Evapo- rate on water-bath and let crystallize. Dry crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. Bolus op Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia two grains Oil of almonds sufficient Sulphate of iron four grains Crumb of bread Honey, each, sufficient Mix, and make eight boluses R. Sulphate of morphia one grain Ipecacuanha three grains Oil of almonds twelve drops Extract of aconite two grains Liquorice powder Honey, each, sufficient Mix, and make six boluses. One, every three or four hours. Br era. Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. R . Sulphate of morphia two grains Cyanide of potassium four grains Mucilage sufficient Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One every six hours, in neuralgia. Rougier. MORPHIA TARTRAS— MOSCHUS. R. Sulphate of rnorphi* Olive oil Ipecacuanha Nux vomica Crumb of bread Honey, each, Mix, and make six pills hours. one gram sufficient three grains two grains sufficient One, every two Brera. Solution op Sulphate of Morphia. eight grams half a pint U. S. Ph. R. Sulphate of morphia Distilled water Dissolve. One fl. drachm contains an eighth of a grain. R. Sulphate of morphia four grains Distilled water one fl. ounce Dissolve. One fl. drachm contains half a grain. Copland. Syrup op Sulphate op Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia one grain Dissolve in a little water, and add to Syrup four ounces Each ounce contains one quarter of a grain of sulphate. Cadet. Mixture op Sulphate op Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia sixteen grains Acetic acid four drops Distilled water one ounce Alcohol one drachm Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Magendie. Lotion of Sulphate op Morphia and Borax. R. Sulphate of morphia six grains Borax half an ounce Rose water eight fl. ounces Mix. As an application in pruritus va- ginae, washing first with tepid soap and water. MORPHIA TARTRAS. Tartrate op Morphia. R. Morphia Saturate with Solution of tartaric acid Evaporate and crystallize. A. at will sufficient Thomson. MOSCHUS. Musk. This is a peculiar concrete substance obtained from the Moschus moschiferus,a small animal of the deer kind, inhabiting the mountainous regions of central Asia. The musk is secreted in the male, in an oval sac, situated near tho generative or- gans. It is found in commerce in these sacs ; it is concreted or granular: of a brownish color: soft and greasy to the touch ; of a powerful, pene- trating odor, and of a bitter, unpleasant, somewhat acrid taste. From its high price it is very liable to aduleration. It is antispasmodic and stimulant, and has been much used in spasmodic diseases of all kinds, as well as a stimulant in low states of the system. The dose is from five to ten Powder op Musk. R. Musk three grains Opium half a grain Grum Arabic one scruple Sugar two drachms Triturate together, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours, in hooping-cough. Augustin. R. Musk sixteen grains Valerian twenty-four grains Camphor eight grains Mix. As an antispasmodic, in hysteria, &c. ; in doses of three to twelve grains. Guibourt. This is called by Jourdain, Tonquin powder, but this name belongs rather to the following. R. Musk sixteen grains Cinnabar twelve grains Mix. For a single dose. Spielmann. Once celebrated as a remedy in hydrophobia. Musk Bolus. R. Musk five to ten grains Camphor five grains Syrup sufficient Make a bolus. Antispasmodic. Ellis. R. Musk Carbonate of am- monia, each, ten grains Conserve of roses sufficient Make a bolus. One, every three hours. In mortification, attended with spasmodic action. Ellis. Musk Pills. R. Musk eight grains Opium two grains Camphor twenty-four grains Syrup sufficient Mix, and form six pills. To be taken during the day, in hospital gangrene. Dupuytren. R. Musk ten grains Camphor one scruple Gum ammoniac two scruples Opium four grains Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four or five in the twenty-four hours, in nerv- ous disorders. Richard. R. Musk twelve grains Castor twenty-four grains Assafetida thirty grains 284 MUCUNA— MYRISTICA. Tincture of valerian sufficient Make twenty-four pills. Four, three times a-day, in nervous complaints. Radius. Musk Mixture. R . Musk two drachms Sugar Gum Arabic, each, one drachm Distilled water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, in low fevers. Ellis. R. Musk mixture six fl. ounces Paregoric elixir half fl. ounce Ammon. tine, of valerian one fl. drachm Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in pertussis in children. Ellis. R. Musk two grains Fennel water six fl. ounces Laudanum ten drops Syrup of poppies two drachms Mix. A spoonful, every hour, in tris- mus. Cheselden. R. Musk mixture Camphor water, each, three fl. ounces and a-half Syrup of ginger Spirit of sulphuric ether, each, two fl. drachms Mix. A tablespoonful, every three or four hours, in low fevers. Ainslie. Musk Clyster. R. Musk ten grains Valerian half an ounce Starch half a drachm Boiling water eight ounces Mix. As an antispasmodic and excitant. Radius. R. Musk twelve grains Sugar two scruples Spirit of ammonia thirty drops Infusion of flaxseed four fl. ounces Mix. For children with convulsions. Ellis. Tincture op Musk. R. Musk one part Alcohol twelve parts Digest for twelve days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Guibourt. MUCUNA. COWHAGE. This is the bristles of the pods of Mucuna pruriens, a perennial, twining plant, native of the warmer parts of America, bearing somewhat curved brown pods, covered with short bristles, which, when dry, readily separate. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- vaceae. Decandolle, Prod. ii. 405. Griffith, Med. Bot. 242. The pod is shaped somewhat like the italic S, and is covered with brown, bristly hairs, which adhere to any substance coming in contact with them. These hairs or spicula are possessed of anthelmintic powers, but whether they act me- chanically or not, has not been fully ascertained, though the probability is that they do. Electuary op Cowhage. R. Cowhage two scruples Syrup half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every morning, fast- ing, for three days, to be followed by a dose of castor oil; in cases of lumbrici. Correa. R. Cowhage one drachm Honey sufficient to make electuary. To be given as above. Ellis. MYRISTICA. Nutmeg. The nutmeg is the kernel of the fruit of My- ristica moschata, a small tree, a native of the Molucca Islands, and now cultivated in various tropical regions. Sex. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. My- risticacese. Thunberg. Act. Holm. 1782. Griffith, Med. Bot. 109. The nutmeg is an oval, oblong almond, of a lightish brown color externally, and of a reddish gray with red veins, internally, of an agreeable, fragrant odor, warm, aromatic taste, and unctuous feel. It is principally used for culinary purposes, but is also employed in medicine as a stimulant, and to disguise the taste of nauseous remedies. Aromatic Powder. R. Cinnamon Ginger, each, two ounces Cardamom seeds Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce Rub together into very fine powder. U. S. Ph. Stimulant and carminative ; dose, ten to thirty grains. Goelis' Antihectic Powder. R. Burnt hartshorn Powdered nutmeg Roasted laurel berries, each, one part Liquorice three parts Mix, and make a powder. Advised in the hectic attendant on scrofulous affections. Augustin. Stimulating Clyster. R. Powdered nutmeg one drachm MYROXYLON. 285 Powdered columbo one drachm salep one scruple Infusion of flaxseed four fl. ounces Mix. As a stimulating enema. Amnion. Spirit op Nutmeg. R. Nutmeg, bruised, two ounces Diluted alcohol one gallon Water a pint Mix, and distil one gallon, with a slow fire. TJ. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms ; principally used to flavor other medicines. Compound Spirit of Nutmeg. R. Nutmeg two ounces Lemon peel Orange peel Spearmint Balm, each, one ounce Diluted alcohol four pints "Water twelve pints Distil three pints. Van Mons. As a stomachic, and an external application to contusions. MYROXYLON. Balsam or Peru. This balsam is the product of Myroxyhn Perui- ferum, a large tree, indigenous to South America, where it is called quinquina. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- ceaB. Linn. Sp. PI. 233. Griffith, Med. Bot. 248. The balsam is a thick, viscid fluid, of a dark, reddish-brown color, an agreeable, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish taste, occasioning a pun- gent sensation in the throat. It is stimulating, tonic, and expectorant, and has been much used in pectoral complaints, &c, and also externally as an application to indolent ulcers. The dose is about half fl. drachm. Pills op Balsam op Peru. R. Balsam of Peru one drachm Extract of bitter polygala two drachms Marsh mallow sufficient to make one hundred and twenty pills. Ten, four times a-day, in chronic mucous discharges. Schubert. Acoustic Balsam. R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm Narcotic oil Onion juice, each, one ounce Mix. A dossil of cotton saturated with this oil, is to be introduced into the deaf ear, provided there is no inflammation or violent pain. R. Beef gall three fl. drachms Balsam of Peru one fl. drachm Mix. To be occasionally dropped into the ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing it also, daily, with a weak solution of soap and water. Hugh Smith. Liniment for Chilblains. R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm Muriatic ether Laudanum, each, two drachms Mix. As a friction. Henschel. Mammtllart Lotion. R. Balsam of Peru one drachm Yolk of egg one Spirit of wild thyme three ounces Mix. The sore nipple is to be bathed with this, and then sprinkled with a powder, composed of one drachm of Peruvian bark, and two drachms of gum Arabic. Iverg. Balsam op Peru Mixture. R. Balsam of Peru two drachms Yolk of egg one Extract of cinchona six drachms Honey of roses three ounces Mix. Two dessertspoonfuls, four times a- day, in chronic mucous discharges. St. Marie. R. Balsam of Peru half a drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Cinnamon water Water, each, half fl. ounce Mix. To be taken three or four times a- day, as an expectorant in chronic catarrh. Ellis. Syrup op Balsam op Peru. R. Tincture of balsam of Peru one fl. ounce Tepid simple syrup two pounds Mix, and agitate briskly. Dose, from one to two drachms. Lisbon Ph. Tincture op Balsam op Peru. R. Balsam of Peru one part Alcohol eight parts Macerate for some days, and filter. Guibourt. Principally used as an external application to ulcers, &c. Balsam op Peru Collutory. R . Tincture of balsam of Peru one part guaiacum four parts Mix. A teaspoonful to a glass of water, to rinse the mouth. Taddei. Locatelli's Balsam. R. Olive oil six ounces Yellow wax four ounces Wine five fl. ounces 286 MYRRHA. Melt together by a gentle heat, till all moisture is evaporated, and add Venice turpentine six ounces Balsam of Peru two drachms Red saunders half an ounce Mix. Formerly used in phthisis, but now employed only as an external application. This is the original formula. Spielmann. Ointment op Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru Spermaceti ointment equal parts Mix. As a dressing to painful ulcers. Radms. Compound Ointment op Balsam of Peru. R. Lard two ounces White wax four drachms Melt in a water-bath, and add Balsam of Peru two drachms Oil of lavender twelve minims As an application to promote the growth of the hair. Copland. Plaster of Balsam op Peru. R. Powdered carbonate of lead sixteen parts litharge eight parts Rose oil forty-eight parts White wax thirty-two parts Melt together, and, at close of operation, add Balsam of Peru two parts As an application to indolent ulcers. Foy. MYRRHA. Myrrh. Myrrh is the concrete juice of Bahamodendron myrrha, a small shrubby tree, with spiny branch- es, a native of Arabia, &c. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Amyri- daceae. Nees. Offic. Planz. i. 17. Griffith, Med. Bot. 171. Myrrh occurs in tears, or in agglutinated mass- es, of various shades of color ; the best is of a reddish yellow color, somewhat translucent, hav- ing a peculiar, aromatic odor and a warm, bitter taste. It is a stimulating tonic. It is given in a variety of diseases, and is used externally as an application to foul ulcers, aphtha;, &c. The dose is from ten to thirty grains, usually in combina- tion. Powder op Myrrh and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered myrrh twelve grains ipecacuanha six grains nitre half a drachm Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every fourth hour. Stimulating expecto- rant. Paris. Emmenagogue Powder. R. Myrrh twelve grains Saffron three grains Oil of cloves one drop Rub into powder. Augustin. Pills op Myrrh and Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc ten grains Powdered myrrh one drachm and a-half Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, twice a«-day. In pertussis. Paris. Pills op Myrrh and Sulphate of Iron. R. Myrrh Sulphate of iron, each, two scruples Carbonate of potassa Soap, each, half a drachm Rub into mass, and form forty pills. Two, thrice a-day. In amenorrhoea. Ellis. Pills of Myrrh and Squill. R. Myrrh one drachm and a-half Dried squill half a drachm Extract of henbane two scruples Distilled water sufficient Rub into mass, and form thirty pills. Two, night and morning. In catarrh and phthisis. Paris. Pills of Myrrh and Canada Balsam. R. Myrrh three drachms Canada balsam one drachm and a-half Opium half a drachm Mix, and make pills of two grains. Two to four, every hour, in ulcerated phthisis. Augustin. Alkaline Solution op Myrrh. R. Myrrh two ounces Sub. carbonate of soda one drachm Boiling water eight fl. ounces Macerate for two days, and filter. Swediaur. Compound Extract of Myrrh. R. Myrrh two ounces Gum Arabic two drachms Triturate together; add sufficient water to make a thick emulsion, and mix well with the Extract of couchgrass four ounces Advised in phthisis, and ulcers of the ute- rus. Dose, one to three drachms, mixed with water, two or three times a-day. Sioediaur. Myrrh Collutory. R . Lime water one fl. ounce and a-half Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms Honey of roses two drachms Mix. PTiarm. Chirurg. R . Tincture of myrrh two fl. drachms Infusion of sage six fl. ounces Honey of roses two ounces Mix. Augustin. Myrrh Gargle. R. Tincture of myrrh Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces Honey one ounce Infusion of contra- yerva one pint and a-half Mix. In putrid sore throat, scarlatina, &c. Fothergill. R. Honey of roses one ounce and a-half Barley water twelve fl. ounces Tincture of myrrh six fl. drachms Vinegar one fl. ounce Mix. As a gargle in putrid sore throat. Ainslie. Stimulating Injection. R. Myrrh one ounce Quicklime two ounces Water two pints Infuse for a few days, and decant. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. St Marie. Tincture of Myrrh. R. Myrrh, bruised, four ounces Alcohol three pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Tincture of Myrrh and Hellebore. R. Tincture of myrrh one fl. ounce black helle- bore half a fl. ounce Spanish flies two fl. drachms Mix. As an emmenagogue, in doses of thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little sugar and water. Ellis. NAPHTHALINA. 287 Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. R. Myrrh one drachm Sulphate of iron one scruple Carbonate of potassa one drachm Sugar two drachms Water six fl. ounces Make mixture. As a tonic in phthisis, in tablespoonful doses, according to circum- stances. Ellis. Compound Myrrh Mixture. R. Powdered myrrh one drachm Carbonate of potassa half a drachm Sulphate of iron twelve grains Mucilage gum Arabic two fl. drachms Decoction of liquo- rice six and a-half fl. ounces Spirit of allspice one fl. ounce Rub the myrrh, potassa, sulphate of iron, and mucilage, well together; add gradually the other ingredients. Dose, a tablespoon- ful, twice or thrice a-day. Babington. Nearly the same as Griffith's mixture, and used in the same cases. Oil of Myrrh. R. Myrrh two parts Washed sand three parts Distil, separate the oil that passes, and rectify it. Wirt. Ph. Myrrh Plaster. R. Balsam of Peru Camphor Powdered myrrh, each, one ounce and a-half Lead plaster thirty-two ounces Triturate the three first ingredients to- gether, and when intimately mixed, add the melted plaster, and stir until chilled j then form into rolls of half a pound each. N NAPHTHALINA. Naphthaline Is a product of the distillation of coal tar, and is deposited from the rectified oil of coal tar, in white, shining, concrete crystals, and may be purified by dissolving in alcohol and recrystnlliz- ing. It is an active expectorant, in doses of eight to thirty grains. . Syrup of Naphthaline. R. Naphthaline sixteen grains Dissolve in smallest quantity of hot alco- hol, and triturate with Syrup four ounces Dupasquier. Ointment of Naphthaline. R. Naphthaline one scruple Lard five drachms Mix. As an application in dry tetter, lepra, psoriasis, &c. Emery. 288 Lozenges of Naphthaline. R. Naphthaline five scruples Sugar twenty ounces Oil of aniseed Mucilage of tragacanth, each, sufficient Mix, and form lozenges of fifteen grains. Expectorant. One occasionally, to the amount of twenty a-day. Dupasquier. NARCOTINA— NUX VOMICA. NARCOTINA. Narcotine Is a white, tasteless, inodorous principle, exist- ing in opium. It forms bitter salts with the acids. It has been used with success as an antiperiodic, in doses of three grains, three times a-day. R . Residue of opium, exhausted by Water at will Dry it, powder it coarsely, add cold acetic acid, express, and filter; add an excess of ammonia, wash the precipitate with cold water, dissolve in boiling alcohol, decolor- ize by means of animal charcoal, let cool, and crystallize. Bolus of Narcotine. R. Narcotine one scruple Oil of almonds six drops Crumb of bread Honey, each, sufficient Mix, and make eight boluses. One, three times a-day, in the apyrexia of intermit- tents. Brera. Mixture op Narcotine. R. Narcotine one drachm Lemon water three fl. ounces Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Brera. NARCOTINE MURIAS. Muriate op Narcotine. R. Opium two pounds Alcohol twenty pounds Rub together, gradually adding the spirit, till the opium is exhausted, decant, and press residue; to solution add ammonia, till turbid. Distil off one-fourth of alco- hol, and let the product cool; wash the deposit with water, and then with a drachm of muriatic acid mixed with a quart of water. Filter the solution, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, about the same as of narcotine. 0' Shaughncssy. NUX VOMICA. Nux Vomica Is the seed of the Strychnos nux vomica, a mode- rate sized tree, a native of many parts of the East Indies, having a very bitter wood. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nal. Syst. Lo- ganiacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 271. Griffith, Med. Bot. 469. The seeds are flat, peltate, with a narrow an- nular striae, somewhat downy on the surface; they are of a horny consistence, inodorous, and of a bitter, acrid, somewhat nauseous taste. Nux vomica is a violent excitant of the cerebro-spinal system, and in large doses an active poison. In small doses, frequently repeated, it is tonic, diure- tic, and even laxative. It owes its energetic pro- perties to the presence of strychnia and brucia. It is principally used in paralysis, in doses of about five grains, three or four times a-day. Powder op Nux Vomica. R. Powdered nux vomica three grains Gum Arabic Sugar, each, twelve grains Mix. Advised in chronic dysentery. One, every day. Souheiran. R. Powdered nux vomica eighteen grains ipecacuanha twenty-four grains Powdered rhubarb one drachm Prepared chalk two scruples Oil of peppermint two drops Mix. To be divided into twelve powders. One every three or four hours, in cardial- gia, &c. Vogt. Extract op Nux Vomica. R. Nux vomica one pound Alcohol sufficient Expose the nux vomica to steam, till soft- ened, slice, dry, and reduce it to powder. Place this in a displacement apparatus, add alcohol till it comes away without bitter- ness. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture, and evaporate to a proper con- sistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, half a grain tp two grains. Tincture op Nux Vomica. R. Powdered nux vomica one part Alcohol four parts Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Cottereau. Dose, five to twenty drops, in paralysis. Compound Tincture op Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica twenty-four grains Camphor one drachm Tincture of pellitory one fl. ounce OLEUM ANIMALE EMPYREUMATICUM— OLEUM CAJUPUTI. 289 Mix. Dose, twenty drops, four times a- day, in paralysis. Radius. R. Tincture of nux vomica Spanish flies, each, one fl. drachm Phosphoric ether one fl. scruple Mix. Thirty drops, three or four times a- day, in paralysis. Radius. Pills of Nux Vomica. R. Powdered nux vomica thirty grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make ten pills; one, twice or thrice a-day, in paralysis, closely watching the effects. Ellis. Pills op Extract or Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica one scruple liquorice seven scruples Mix, and make eighty pills. Two to four, two or three times a-day, in paralysis. Radius. Compound Pills of Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica six grains Black oxide of iron one drachm Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Three a-day, in atonic incontinence of urine. Mondiere. Pills of Nux Vomica and Aloes. R. Extract of nux vomica ten grains Pills of aloes and myrrh four scruples Mix well, and form thirty-six pills. One or two, night and morning. Copland. Mixture of Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica ten grains Elder water six fl. ounces Mucilage of gum Arabic Spirit of mallows, each, one fl. ounce Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in chronic dysentery. Ammon. Lotion of Nux Vomica. "R. Extract of nux vomica eight grains Alcohol two fl. ounces Strong water of ammonia half fl. ounce Mix. As a stimulating lotion to paralyzed limbs. Radius. OLEUM ANIMALE EMPY- REUMATICUM. Dippel's Animal Oil. R. Oil of hartshorn at will Distil off one-fourth, by a slow heat, on a sand-bath, keeping it protected from the light. Van Mons. Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, in doses of five or ten drops; poisonous in large doses. Liniment of Dippel's Oil. R. Dippel's oil one drachm Oil of almonds six drachms Turpentine soap half an ounce Mix. As an exciting liniment, also as an application to the abdomen, in cases of worms. Sundelin. Tincture of Dippel's Oil. R. Dippel's oil one part Sulphuric ether fifteen parts Dissolve. Fifteen to thirty drops, as a stimulant and antispasmodic. Beral Mixture of Dippel's Oil. R. Dippel's oil one drachm Hoffmann's anodyne three drachms 19 Dissolve. Twenty to thirty drops, four times a-day, in chorea and tetanus. Radius. OLEUM CAJUPUTI. Oil of Cajeput. This is a fluid, transparent, green oil, of an aromatic and pleasant odor, and a warm, pun- gent taste; obtained from the Melaleuca cajuputi, a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands. Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Sipt. Myr- tacea?. Maton. Lond. Pharm. 1800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 296. It is also furnished by other species. It is an active stimulant, when given internally, in doses of a few drops, and acts as a rubefacient, when applied to the skin. Mixture of Oil of Cajeput. R. Oil of cajeput half a drachm Dippel's animal oil one drachm Mix. As a stimulant. Dose, five to fif- teen drops. Augustin. Cajeput Liniment. R. Cajeput oil Camphor, each, three drachms. 290 OLEUM MORRHU.E— OLEUM OLIV.E. Soft soap two ounces Alcohol one pint Water of ammonia two fl. ounces Mix. As an embrocation. Chapman. OLEUM MORRHUiE. Cod Liver Oil. This, which is also called Oleum jecoris aselli, is procured from the livers of several kinds of fish, but principally from the Cod, though that from the Ray is said to be preferable. There are several varieties; one, clear and limpid, the other dark colored, and somewhat acrid, which is said by many writers to be the most powerful. The pale oil has a faint smell, and a bland taste. It has obtained much celebrity as an alterative, in strumous affections ; in chronic gout, rheuma- tism, and cutaneous diseases, &c. The dose for an adult, is from half a spoonful to three, spoonfuls, two or three times a-day. Mixture op Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil four fl. ounces Grum Arabic Sugar, each, two drachms Cinnamon, or mint water four fl. ounces Mix. One or two tablespoonfuls, morn- ing and evening. Ellis. R. Cod liver oil four fl. ounces Solution of carbonate of potassa half fl. ounce Syrup of orange peel half fl. ounce Peppermint water seven fl. ounces Mix. Dose, one and a-half fl. ounces to three fl. ounces. Beasley. R. Cod liver oil one fl. ounce Solution carbonate of potassa two fl. drachms Syrup of orange peel one fl. ounce Oil of calamus three drops Mix. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, night and morning, for rickets in children. Fehr. R. Cod liver oil Syrup of orange peel Aniseed water, each, one fl. ounce Oil of calamus three drops Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day, in rachitis, and gouty swellings. Phcebtis. Syrup op Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil eight parts Powdered gum Arabic five parts Simple syrup four parts Make an emulsion, and add Sugar twenty-four parts Dissolve by gentle heat, and add Orange-flower water two parts Duclou. Liniment op Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil one fl. ounce Water of ammonia half fl. ounce Mix. Brack. R. Cod liver oil four fl. drachms Lead water two fl. drachms Yolk of egg three drachms Mix. As an application to ulcers, &c. Brefeld. Ointment of Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil three fl. ounces Spermaceti six drachms White wax two drachms Melt together, and stir till cold. Beadey. R. Caustic soda one ounce Water two fl. ounces and a-half Dissolve, and add , Cod liver oil eight fl. ounces Agitate briskly. Deschanips. R. Cod liver oil ten parts Lead water five parts Lard ten parts Mix. Compound Ointment op Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil one fl. drachm Red oxide of mercury four grains Simple cerate two scruples Mix. Cunier. R. Cod liver oil Extract of wood soot, each, two drachms Citrine ointment one drachm Beef marrow six ounces Mix. Carron. In opacities of the cornea, and scrofulous oph- thalmia. Compound Oil op Cod Liver. R. Cod liver oil one fl. drachm Walnut oil two fl. drachms Mix. A drop or two to be introduced be- tween the eyelids, in opacities of the cor- nea. Radius. OLEUM OLIVJE. Olive Oil. The oil of the fruit of Olca Europcea, a small tree, originally from Syria, but now extensively cultivated in the countries bordering on the Me- diterranean. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oleaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 11. Griffith, Med. Bot. 442. Good olive oil is an unctuous fluid, of a pale yellow or greenish color ; almost inodorous, and of a bland taste. It is principally used as an ar- ticle of food, but is also employed in medicine as a demulcent, emollient, and laxative, and in OLEUM RICINI. 291 the composition of liniments, ointments, &c. The dose, as a laxative, is about a fl. ounce. Olive Oil Mixture. R. Syrup of gum four fl. ounces Olive oil Mix. As a laxative. R. Olive oil Aromatic spirit of ammonia half fl. ounce Radius. eight fl. ounces two fl. drachms Mix. Three spoonfuls, night and morn- ing, as an anthelmintic. Ellis. R. Olive oil Solution carbonate of potassa Mint water Mix. R. Olive oil Water of carbonate of ammonia one fl. drachm Mint water seven fl. ounces Mix. Guy's Hospt. R. Olive oil mixture eight fl. ounces Manna one ounce and a-half Mix. Dose> three spoonfuls as a laxative. Si. Barts Hospt. Olive Oil Clyster. one n. ounce half fl. drachm seven fl. ounces Guy's Hospit. one fl. ounce R Common salt Olive oil Molasses, each, Warm water Mix. R. Manna Compound decoction of chamomile Dissolve, and add Olive oil Sulphate of magnesia one tablespoonful two table spoonfuls one pint U. S. Dispens. one ounce ten fl. ounces one fl. ounce half an ounce Dub. Ph. OLEUM RICINI. Castor Oil. The oil of the seeds of Ricitlus communis, a perennial tree in tropical countries, but an annual herbaceous plant, in temperate latitudes. The seeds are ovate, compressed, bean-like, of a gray- ish ash color, marbled with reddish brown, not unlike the dog tick in appearance. Sex.Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat.Syst. Euphor- Linn. Sp. Pi. 1430. Griffith, Med. Bot. 599. The oil, which is generally obtained by expres- sion, is a thick, viscous, colorless fluid, with a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a mild, but nause- ous taste, followed by a slight sensation of acridity. It is a mild, but prompt cathartic, acting rather as an evacuant than as an excitant of the alvine secretions. The dose is about a fl. ounce ; for infants, from one to four fl. drachms. Its dis- gusting taste is best disguised by mixing it with froth of porter. Oleaginous Mixture. R. Castor oil one ounce Powdered gum Arabic two drachms Sugar one drachm Rub together, and add gradually- Mint water four fl. ounces Triturate well. A tablespoonful, every hour or two hours, till it acts. Ellis. In some cases, as in dysentery, it is of benefit, to add thirty or forty drops of laudanum to the mixture. R. Castor oil Mucilage of gum Arabic Syrup of orgeat, each, two ounces Water ten fl. ounces Make an emulsion. Dose, as last. Beral. R. Castor oil one ounce Yolk of egg one Water of orange peel two fl. drachms Water two fl. ounces Make an emulsion. R. Castor oil Yolk of egg Orange-flower water Simple syrup, each, Water Make an emulsion. R. Castor oil Powdered tragacanth White sugar seventy-five grains Water two and a-half fl. ounces Syrup of orange-flowers six fl. drachms Triturate the tragacanth with the sugar; add the syrup, and rub well in a mortar, until the mucilage begins to thicken, then add the oil, and continue rubbing till it is homogeneous, adding the water gradually, during the process. Mamie. Emulsion of Castor Oil Seeds. R. Castor oil seeds half an ounce Anise water four ounces Sugar two drachms Deprive the seeds of their exterior, tritur- ate them to a uniform pulp with a little water, and the sugar, and finally add the remainder of the water gradually, and strain through a coarse cloth. W. Procter. Anthelmintic Emulsion. R. Castor oil Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, one ounce Syrup of Corsica moss Water of semen contra chamomile, each, two fl. ounces one ounce one half an ounce two ounces Cotter eau. eleven drachms half a drachm 292 OLEUM TEREBINTHIN.E. Emulsion of sweet almonds eight fl. ounces Mix, and make an emulsion. As an an- thelmintic. Beral. Castor Oil Clyster. R. Castor oil one ounce and a-half Yolk of egg two Infusion of chamomile six fl. ounces Mix. Radius. Mixture op Castor Oil and Ether. R. Castor oil one ounce Sulphuric ether -two drachms Mix. A spoonful every two hours, ad- vised as an anthelmintic, in cases of tape- worm. Radius. Fixature. R. Castor oil two ounces Spermaceti one drachm Arnotto half an ounce Oil of bergamot one drachm Otto of roses five drops Mix; melt by a moderate heat, and strain. To stiffen, and keep hair in form. Redwood. OLEUM TEREBINTHINJE. Oil of Turpentine. This is usually known as Spirits of turpentine, and is the volatile oil obtained from the turpentine afforded by several species of Pinus. It is limpid, colorless, of a strong, penetrating, peculiar odor, and of a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and cathartic, and externally rubefacient. Purified Oil op Turpentine. R. Oil of turpentine eight parts Alcohol one part Agitate together, and pour off the spirit, and repeat the process several times. Nimmo. Lotion for Chilblains. R. Oil of turpentine four parts Sulphuric acid one part Olive oil ten parts Mix. To be applied to the affected part, night and morning. Gassicourt. Oil of Turpentine and Honey. R. Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms Honey one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful night and morning, in warm tea. In sciatica. Ellis. Lotion for Toothache. R. Oil of turpen- tine one fl. drachm and a-half Oil of cloves Oil of cajeput, each, half a fl. drachm Balsam of Peru two drachms Opium two scruples To be well rubbed together. As an ap- plication to the face, in cases of toothache. Beasley. Turpentine Mixture. R . Oil of turpen- tine one hundred and twenty drops Powdered gum Arabic sugar, each, two drachms Laudanum sixty drops Compound spirits of lavender two fl. drachms Mint water five fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in low forms of fever, &c. Ellis. Vermifuge Emulsion. R . Oil of turpentine six. fl. drachms G-um Arabic two drachms Chamomile water six fl. ounces Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, in cases of tapeworm. Radius. Turpentine Mixture. R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce Powdered gum Arabic sugar, each, two drachms Mint water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours till it operates. An active purgative. Frank. R. Oil of turpentine three fl. drachms Yolk of egg two Syrup of mint two fl. ounces orange flowers ether, each, one fl. ounce Tincture of cinnamon half a fl. drachm Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in neuralgia and rheumatism. Foy. R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce Yolk of egg one Triturate together, and add, gradually, Emulsion of almonds four fl. ounces Syrup of orange two fl. ounces Compound spirit of lavender four fl. drachms Oil of cinnamon four drops One fl. ounce, three times a-day. Advised as a purge in Iritis. Carmichael. Spirit of Turpentine Mixture. R. Honey Spirit of turpentine Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum, each, two drachms Oil of cloves lemon, each, three drops OLEUM TIGLII. 293 Mis. A teaspoonful, twice or three times a-day, in sciatica and lumbago. Copland. Turpentine Clyster. R. Oil of turpen- tine one fl. ounce and a-half Yolk of egg one Tepid infusion of flaxseed one pint Mix. Ellis. R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce Yolk of egg sufficient Decoction of barley nineteen fl. ounces Lond. Ph. Turpentine and Ether. R. Oil of turpentine Sulphuric ether equal parts Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in honey or syrup, in biliary calculi, and as an external application in rheumatism. Cottereau. Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine olives, each, two fl. ounces Tincture of camphor one fl. ounce Water of ammonia one fl. drachm Mix. As an external rubefacient. Ellis. R. Soft soap two ounces Camphor one ounce Oil of turpentine sixteen fl. ounces Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Lond. Ph. R . Oil of turpentine half a pint Resin cerate one pound Melt the cerate, and add the turpentine. U. S. Ph. This is known as Kentish's ointment, and is much used as an application to burns and scalds. Acetic Turpentine Liniment. R, Oil of turpentine three fl. ounces Acetic acid five fl. drachms Rose water two and a-half fl. ounces Essence of lemon four fl. scruples Yolk of egg one Mix. As an external embrocation and liniment in phthisis. Stokes. Sulphuric Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine three fl. ounces Sulphuric acid one fl. drachm Olive oil three fl. ounces Mix. Brodie. Opiated Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce chamomile two fl. ounces Laudanum one fl. drachm Mix. As a lotion in neuralgia. Recamier. Starkly' s Soap. R. Dry carbonate of potassa Oil of turpentine Turpentine equal parts Mix the potassa with the oil, then add the resin, and triturate till the mixture is of the consistence of honey. Used in dropsy, and in gonorrhoea. Dose, eight to ten grains. Guibourt. Diuretic Wine. R. Oil of turpentine two fl. drachms Lemon juice one fl. ounce Wine four fl. ounces Mix. For a single dose. OLEUM TIGLII. Croton Oil. This oil is procured, for the most part, from the seeds of the Croton tiglium, but also from those of two or three other species. They are all natives of India, and the adjoining parts of Asia. The C. tiglium is a moderate sized shrub, bearing a somewhat triangular nut, containing three ovoid seeds, of a reddish brown color, hav- ing an oleaginous kernel, which affords, on pres- sure, the oil in question. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Eu- phorbiaceaB. Linn. Sp. PI. 1426. Griffith, Med. Bot. 597. The oil, when pure and fresh, is nearly color- less, or yellowish ; but when kept for some time, becomes of a reddish-brown or orange color. It has a faint, but peculiar smell, and an acrid and hot taste. It is a powerful hydra- gogue purgative, and has been much used in dropsy, apoplexy, and visceral obstructions; when applied externally, it causes irritation and inflammation of the skin, followed by a pustular eruption; and has been successfully employed in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bronchial and pulmonary affections. Dose for an adult, one to two drops. Bolus op Croton Oil. R. Croton oil one drop Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm Syrup of orange flowers sufficient Mix, and make four boluses. Two to four to be taken in the morning. Foy. Pills of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil six drops Soap half a drachm Oil of caraway eight drops Powdered liquorice root sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one or more. llecce. R. Croton oil six drops Pill of aloes and myrrh one drachm and a-half Soap one scruple Powdered liquorice root sufficient OLEUM TIGLII. Dose, two Copland. one drop sufficient One, every Ellis. two drops two grains sufficient Foy. 294 Mix, and make thirty-pills, to three, or more. R. Croton oil Crumb of bread Mix, and make four pills, hour, until they operate. R. Croton oil Soap Grum Arabic Mix, and make four pills. Compound Croton Oil Pills. R. Powdered scammony Powdered aloes, each, sixty-four parts Croton oil three parts Alcohol four parts Dissolve the oil in the alcohol ; add the solution, gradually, to a mixture of the powders, and beat into a mass. Divide into pills of five grains. One to three, for children of eight to fourteen years of age ; three to five, for adults. Beral. Pills of Croton Oil and Quinine. R. Croton oil soap three grains Sulphate of quinine one drachm Extract of dandelion sufficient Mix, and make twenty pills. One for a dose. Caventou. Pills of Croton Oil and Blue Mass. R. Croton oil soap three grains Extract of henbane Blue mass, each, twenty-four grains Oil of pimento twelve minims Mix, and make twelve pills. Two at bedtime. Neligan. Lozenges of Croton Oil. R. Vanilla chocolate two drachms Sugar one drachm Starch one scruple Croton oil five drops Mix, and make thirty lozenges. Soubeiran. Soap of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil two parts Solution of caustic soda one part Mix ; put into paper moulds ; in a few days, slice, and- keep in well-stopped bot- tles. Dose, one to three grains, in pills. Foy. Tincture of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil sixteen drops Alcohol one ounce Macerate for six or eight days, and filter. Dose, fifteen to twenty-five drops. Soubeiran. R. Croton oil four drops Tincture of myrrh one fi. ounce Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Bateman. R. Croton oil eight drops Alcohol one fl. ounce Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Nimmo. Emulsion of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil three drops Almond oil half a fl. ounce Powdered gum Arabic two drachms Triturate well, and gradually add Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce Chamomile water five fl. ounces A tablespoonful every two hours, till it operates. Phoebus. R. Croton oil one drop Yolk of egg two drachms Orange-flower water Mint water, each, one ounce Make an emulsion. Foy. Mixture of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil one to two drops Mucilage of gum Arabic Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, un- til it operates. Ellis. R. Croton oil two drops White sugar two drachms Gum Arabic half a drachm Tincture of cardamom half fl. drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce Mix. Dose, two dessertspoonfuls every three or four hours. As it is agreeable to the taste, it is suited for children, but in smaller doses. Beral. R . Tincture of croton oil twenty-five drops Mucilage of gum Arabic one drachni Water one ounce Mix. In the morning, fasting. Foy. Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil eight drops Potassa six grains Distilled water two fl. drachms Mix. From three to six drops may be given for a dose. Ellis. Liniment of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil one part Olive oil five parts Mix. Pereira. R. Croton oil one fl. drachm Oil of turpentine one fl. ounce Mix. Corrigan. R. Croton oil four drops Carbonate of soda ten grains OPIUM. 295 Spirit of mint half an ounce In friction, in rheumatism. Foy. R. Croton oil Solution of potassa, each, half fl. ounce Mix, and agitate. R. The above solution thirty minims Rose water one fl. ounce Mix. To be used twice a-day, till pustules appear. J. Allen. Embrocation or Croton Oil. R. Croton oil twenty minims Tartar emetic one scruple Solution of potassa one fl. drachm Water eight fl. drachms Mix. To keep up a mild eruption on the skin. Morris. Cerate of Croton Oil. R. Lard two and a-half parts Wax half a part Melt together, and when nearly cold, mix with them Croton oil one part Caventou. R. Soap cerate four parts Melt, and when semifluid, add Croton oil one part Beasley. Plaster op Croton Oil. R. Lead plaster four parts Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil one part Spread on linen for an adhesive and irri- tating plaster Boucliardat. R. Lead plaster eight parts Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil twenty parts To be spread as above. xV very active counter irritant. Boucliardat. Ointment op Croton Oil. R. Croton oil ten minims Lard half an ounce Mix. Ainslic. OPIUM. Opium. Opium is the inspissated juice of the unripe capsules of the Papavcr somniferum, and presents many varieties, as the Turkey or Smyrna, the East Indian or Bengal, the Egyptian, &c. ; of which the first is the best, and affords the largest proportion of morphia. Opium contains various peculiar principles, several of which arc officinal, and are treated of under their respective titles. Turkey opium is in flatfish, rounded masses, of half a pound to two pounds in weight, covered externally with the seed vessels of some species of dock. The texture is soft ; the color is pale brown ; the odor is strong and narcotic, and the taste bitter and acrid. Opium is stimulant, in small and repeated doses, narcotic in large ; and also antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, and anodyne. It is used to fulfil a variety of indications; to procure sleep, to lull pain, to check morbid discharges, to alleviate cough, &c. The medium dose is one grain, but in spasm, &c, it is given in much larger doses. Extract op Opium. (Aqueous.) R. Opium one pound Water five pints Cut the opium into small fragments, mace- rate it for twenty-four hours in a pint of water, break the pieces down with the hand, express; add another pint of water to the residuum, macerate for twenty-four hours, and again express; repeat this pro- cess till all the water has been used. Filter the several infusions, unite them, and eva- porate on a water-bath to due consistence. Edin. Ph. Extract op Opium. (Aqueo-Alco- holic.) R. Opium one part Alcohol four parts Cut the opium in small pieces, and digest it in the alcohol for two days, at a gentle heat, express, and treat the residue with four parts of warm water; express, unite the solutions, and evaporate to due con- sistence. Taddci. Extract op Opium. (Acetous.) R. Opium one ounce Distilled vinegar two pints Cut the opium into small pieces, digest in the vinegar for two days, on a sand-bath, stirring from time to time, decant, filter, and evaporate to due consistence. Soubeiran: Extract op Opium. (Alcoholic.) R. Opium at will Alcohol sufficient Reduce the opium to small pieces, digest in the alcohol in a closed vessel, by a gen- tle heat, often stirring, filter, and distil off the alcohol, till the residue is of due con- sistence. Antwerp Ph. Extract op Opium. (Vinous.) R. Opium one part White wine four parts Reduce the opium to small pieces, mace- rate it in the wine for twcnt}''-four hours, occasionally stirring; express. Macerate the residue in two more parts of wine, and 296 opium. express; unite the solutions, and evaporate to proper consistence. Par. Cod. Extract of Opium. (Denarcotized.) R. Aqueous extract of opium at will Hub it with a little water, put it in a flask, add sulphuric ether, agitate, and decant; repeat the process with other portions of ether, as long as anything is taken up, and evaporate the residuum to a pilular consistence. Robiquct. R. Aqueous extract of opium four parts Resin one part Beat together, and add Boiling water sixteen parts Boil till reduced one half, add as much cold water as has been boiled away, filter, and evaporate. Limousin — Lamothe. Extract of Opium. (By Fermenta- tion.) R. Opium one part Water eight parts Mix, and add Yeast sufficient Let ferment for a week, at a temperature of 68° to 70°; then dilute with water, fil- ter, boil till all vinous odor is dissipated, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dcyeux. R. Opium two ounces Dissolve in a mixture of Quince juice Water, each, sixty ounces Digest for some days, with a gentle heat, strain, and add White sugar four ounces Let ferment for a month, stirring from time to time, then strain, and evaporate. Langoht. Extract of Opium. (Roasted.) R. Powdered opium one part Heat it on a flat dish, over a moderate fire, constantly stirring, as long as fumes are given off. Treat it twice with six times its weight of cold water, filter, and evapo- rate. Guibourt. The last three forms of Extract, whilst con- taining the full proportion of morphine, are de- prived of the irritating and virose principles of opium. Compound Powder of Opium and Chalk. R. Powdered opium six grains cinnamon one drachm long pepper eight grains Prepared chalk one drachm and a-half Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, three or four times a-day. In diar- rhoea. Ellis. Powder of Roasted Opium. R. Powdered opium at will Put it in a flat dish ; moisten it with white wine, expose to a moderate heat, constantly stirring till it is perfectly dry, repeat the operation, till the opium is one-half reduced, moisten with vinegar, and rub into paste, dry, and pulverize. As an astringent in hemorrhages, and mucous discharges, in doses of three or four grains, with some bitter extract. Giordano. Powder of Opium, Camphor, &c. R. Powdered opium ten grains camphor two scruples Carbonate of ammonia four scruples Starch fifteen grains Mix, and make eight powders. One, every hour or two, as antispasmodic. Swediaur. Powder of Opium and Nitre. R. Powdered opium four grains nitre Sugar of milk, each, one drachm and a-half Mix, and make six powders. As an an- tispasmodic. Phoebus. Powder of Opium and Sulphur. R. Powdered opium camphor, each, two grains sulphur sugar, each, half a drachm Mix, and make four powders. One, every three hours, in lead colic. Hildcbrand. Powder of Opium and Musk. R. Powdered opium two grains Musk five grains Magnesia four grains Sugar of milk ten grains Mix. To be taken every two to four hours, in delirium tremens. Vogt. Powder of Opium and Antimony. R. Dover's powder James' powder, each, four grains Mix. To be taken every four hours, in obstinate rheumatic pains. Brera. Pills of Opium. R. Powdered opium one drachm Soap twelve grains Beat into a mass, and divide into sixty pills. U. S. Ph. Pills of OnuM, Henbane, and Hemlock. R . Powdered opium four grains Extract of henbane hemlock, each, fifteen grains OPIUM. 297 Mix, and divide into ten pills. One at night, where an anodyne is required. Ellis. Pills of Opium and Sulphuret op Antimony. R. Extract of opium ten grains Precip. sulpht. antimony twelve grains Nitrate of potassa twenty-four grains Syrup sufficient Mix, and make six pills. One at bedtime, to cause perspiration, and to ease pain in rheumatism. Recamier. Pills op Opium and Foxglove. R. Powdered opium foxglove, each, six grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every four hours, in asthma, &c. Ellis. Aromatic Pills op Opium. R. Extract of opium Saffron Powdered cinnamon nutmeg cardamom, each, one drachm Syrup of orange flowers sufficient Mix, and make pills of three grains. Known as Oriental pills, and considered to be aphrodisiac. One to three, at bed- time. Cadet. Pills of Opium and Camphor. R. Extract of opium three grains Camphor six grains Syrup sufficient Mix, and make six pills. One to three a- day, as an anodyne, and antispasmodic. Foy. Pills of Opium and Butter of Cacao. R. Butter of cacao Powdered gum Arabic, each, forty-eight grains Extract of opium twelve grains Syrup of ipecacuanha sufficient Mix, and make pills of five grains. One in the evening, as an anodyne and expector- ant. Petit. Pills of Opium and Musk. R. Extract of opium twelve grains valerian Musk, each, twenty-four grains Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, then two, then three a-day, in hysteria. Foy. Pills mf ()[>p ;\i and Sulphate of Zinc. R. Extract of opium one grain Sulphate of zinc four grains Syrup of gum sufficient Mix, and make four pills. Two a-day, in painful mucous discharges from the urethra or vagina. Foy. Pills of Opium, Hemlock, Calomel. R. Extract of opium eighteen grains hemlock one drachm Calomel thirty-six grains Syrup of mallows sufficient Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Two to six a-day, as alterative and sedative, in or- ganic affections. Foy. R. Opium four grains Calomel six grains Tartar emetic one grain Extract of hemlock one scruple Mix, and make eight pills ; two to be taken at bedtime, in rheumatic pains. Brande. Pills op Opium and Acetate op Lead. R. Extract of opium one grain Acetate of lead four grains Powdered henbane eight grains Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning and evening, in epilepsy. Recamier. R . Acetate of lead twenty-four grains Powdered opium three grains Syrup sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. One every three hours, in hemorrhages, dysentery, and cholera. Chapman. Pills op Opium and Acetate of Mercury. R. Extract of opium Acetate of mercury Camphor, each, twelve grains Syrup of poppies sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. One, morning and evening, in syphilis. Carmichael. Pills of Opium, Nitrate of Silver, &c. R. Extract of opium seventy-two grains Nitrate of silver six grains Musk forty- eight grains Camphor ninety-six grains Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, morning and evening, gradually increasing the dose, in epilepsy, paralysis, &c. Foy. Pills of Opium, Castor, &c. R. Opium half a grain Castor six and a-half grains Powdered digitalis one grain Syrup sufficient Make two pills. One to be taken twice or thrice a-day. In spasmodic asthma and dyspnoea. A. T. Thomson. Pills op Opium and Liquorice. R. Powdered opium ten grains carious teeth. Clams. R. Opium five grains Oil of cloves three drops Extract of henbane five grains belladonna ten grains Powdered pellitory sufficient Mix, and make a consistent mass. Used as above. Rust. Balsam for the Toothache. R. Opium one scruple Oil of turpentine one drachm anda-half Oil of cloves cajeput, each, half a drachm Balsam of Peru two drachms Mix. Beaslcy. R. Opium , Camphor, each, two scruples Dissolve in a little alcohol, and add Oil of cloves one drachm guaiaeum two drachms nutmeg six drachms Mix. Van Mons. Toothache Drops. R. Opium Camphor, each, ten grains Mix 298 opium. — ♦ — . Extract of liquorice one drachm Mix, and make eighty pills. One, occa- sionally, as an expectorant. Wart. Ph. Confection of Opium. R. Powdered opium four drachms and a-half Aromatic powder six ounces Clarified honey fourteen ounces Rub the opium with the aromatic powder, add the honey, and beat together till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant narcotic, in atonic gout, flatulent colic, &c. It contains one grain of opium in thirty-six. R. Powdered catechu four ounces kino three ounces nutmeg cinnamon, each, one ounce Opium, dissolved in wine, one drachm and a-half Syrup of red roses twenty-seven ounces Mix. Each drachm contains rather less than half a grain of opium. Soubeiran. Anti-Odontalgic Mass. R. Opium two grains White wax two drachms Mastic one drachm Oil of almonds three drachms cloves twelve drops cochineal eight grains Mix well into a uniform mass. To fill Alcohol Oil of cloves cajeput, each, sufficient one drachm Copland. Antidysenteric Opiate. four grains half a drachm one drachm six drachms R. Purified opium Ipecacuanha Tormentilla Syrup of whortleberrie Conserve of red roses, each, Mix. Dose, one drachm, every hour. Quarin. Plaster of Opium. R. Powdered opium two ounces Burgundy pitch three ounces Lead plaster one pound Boiling water four fl. ounces Melt together the pitch and plaster; then add the opium mixed with the water, and boil to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. As an application in rheumatic and other pains. Plaster of Opium and Camphor. R. Powdered opium camphor soap, each, one drachm Laudanum sufficient to make a plaster Ellis. R. Opium Camphor, each, half a drachm Lead plaster sufficient Mix. For local pains. Paris. R. Opium one drachm Simple plaster two ounces Gralbanum one ounce Oil of caraway two drachms Melt the last three ingredients, and acid the opium. As an application to the ab- domen, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Swediaur. Liniment of Opium. R. Soap six ounces Opium one ounce and a-half Camphor three ounces Oil of rosemary six fl. drachms Rectified spirit two pints Macerate the soap and opium in the spirit for three days ; filter ; add the oil and camphor, and agitate briskly. Ed. Ph. As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, sprains, &c. Liniment of Opium and Oil of Cha- momile. R. Opium Oil of chamomile, each, half a drachm almonds two drachms OPIUM. 299 Mix. As a friction around the eyes, in spasm of the eyelids. Wetler. Anti-Otitic Mixture. R. Opium four grains Saffron ten grains Myrrh half a drachm Juice of mallows half an ounce Oil of almonds two ounces Triturate well together, and strain. As an injection into the ear, in pain in that organ. Pierguin. Anodyne Ointment. R. Opium Saffron, each, one scruple Yolk of egg one Poplar ointment Acetate of lead oint- ment, each, one ounce Mix. As an application to painful he- morrhoids. Fulda Ph. R. Syrup of opium one ounce Lard three ounces Essence of roses four drops Mix. For chapped lips. Pierguin. R. Opium half a drachm Extract of hemlock one drachm Basilicon ointment half an ounce Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Cams. R. Opium ten grains Alum fifteen grains Lard half an ounce Mix. In the treatment of ulcerated, atonic buboes. Simon. Ointment op Opium and Tar. R. Powdered opium two drachms Tar ointment one ounce Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. Ellis. Cerate op Opium. R. Opium half a drachm Yolk of egg one Mix well, and add Simple cerate one ounce Triturate well together. Lagncau. Syrup op Opium. R. Extract of opium one part Water sixteen parts Syrup five hundred parts Dissolve the opium in the water, filter, add it to the syrup, heated to boiling, strain. Par. Cod. Succinated Syrup op OpiuxM. R. Syrup of opium one ounce Spirit of amber two grains Mix. Soubeiran. Anodyne Collyrium. R. Extract of opium ten grains Camphor six grains Boiling water twelve fl. ounces Rub the opium and camphor together, and add the water, and strain. Ellis. R. Extract of opium four grains Rose water four ounces Dissolve, and strain. Par. Cod. Opium Fomentation. R. Extract of opium two drachms Boiling water one pint Dissolve, and strain. As a fomentation in pruriginous affections. Radius. Injection op Opium. R. Opium twelve grains Solution of subacetate of lead twelve drops Water nine ounces Mix. As an injection in gonorrhoea. Girtenner. R. Extract of opium six grains belladonna one drachm and a-half Decoction of wild lettuce one pound Dissolve. As an injection in neuralgia, and hemorrhage of the urethra and vagina. Foy. R. Extract of opium one and a-half grain Distilled water five fl. drachms Dissolve. As an injection in coryza, and other inflammations of the nasal, mucous membrane. Deschamps. He directs one nostril to be closed by the finger, and the liquid to be drawn up into the other, &c. Clyster op Opium. R. Powdered opium two grains Mucilage of gum Arabic half fl. ounce Tepid milk two fl. ounces Mix. Ellis. R. Flaxseed one ounce Boiling water six ounces Infuse for an hour, strain, and add Extract of opium two grains Dissolve. Svielman. Suppository of Opium. R. Powdered opium two grains Soap four grains Mix. Ellis. Linctus with Opium. R. Extract of opium one grain Peruvian bark four grains Camphor six grains Sugar one drachm White linctus four ounces 300 OPIUM. Mis. In bronchitis, when the cough is violent. Foy. Mixture op Opium and Syrup of Poppies. R. Opium two to three grains Syrup of poppies one ounce Chamomile water six ounces Mix. A spoonful every half hour, in dysentery. Swediaur. Mixture op Opium and Lime "Water. R. Extract of opium one grain Lime water Oil of almonds, each, three fl. drachms Mix. For the treatment of sore nipples, to be applied on dossils of lint. Sibergundi. Mixture of Opium and Cinnamon Water. R. Powdered opium ten grains Sugar one drachm Cinnamon water six fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in tetanus and colica pictonum. Ellis. Water of Opium. R. Opium, in small pieces one pound Water six pounds Macerate for forty-eight hours, and distil one pound. It is given in the dose of one to four drachms, in syrup of sugar. Foy. Muriate of Opium. R. Powdered opium one ounce Muriatic acid one ounce Distilled water twenty ounces Mix, and shake the mixture frequently, for fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, from twenty to forty drops. Said not to cause headache. Nichol. Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. R. Powdered opium eight ounces Coarsely powdered nutmeg one ounce and a-half Saffron half an ounce Sugar twelve ounces Distilled vinegar sufficient Digest the opium, nutmeg, and saffron, with a pint and a-half of distilled vinegar, on a sand-bath, with a gentle heat, for forty- eight hours, and strain. Digest the resi- due with an equal quantity of distilled vinegar, in the same manner, for twenty- four hours. Put the whole into a displace- ment apparatus, and return the filtered liquor as it passes, until it comes away clear. When the filtration has ceased, pour distilled vinegar gradually on the residue in the filter, until the whole quan- tity of filtered liquor amounts to three pints. Lastly, add the sugar, and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to three pints and four fl. ounces. Diluted acetic acid may be substituted for the distilled vinegar. U. S. Ph. Dose, about six minims, which are nearly equivalent to one grain of opium. Lancaster Black Drop. R. Opium half a pound Verjuice three pints Bruised nutmeg one ounce and a-half Saffron half an ounce Boil to a proper consistence ; add two spoonfuls of yeast, and let stand in a warm place for six or eight weeks, and then in the open air till of the consistence of syrup, then decant, filter, and bottle; adding a little sugar to each bottle. Dose, six to ten drops. Armstrong. Houlton's Black Drop. R. Opium two ounces and a-half Diluted acetic acid thirty-two ounces Digest for six days with a gentle heat, and filter, evaporate to an extract ; mace- rate in Rectified spirit five fl. ounces Distilled water thirty-five ounces for eight days, and filter. Bea&ley. About the strength of laudanum. Guy's Hospital Black Drop. R. Powdered opium eight ounces Juice of crab apples two pints boil gently for half an hour, decant, and boil residue with one pint more of the juice, for a quarter of an hour ; express, and strain ; mix the two liquors, and add Bruised nutmeg one ounce Saffron half an ounce Yeast half fl. ounce. Ferment for some days ; macerate for fourteen days ; filter, and evaporate by a water-bath to consistence of thin syrup. Dose, two to ten minims. Rousseau's Black Drop. R. Opium four ounces Honey twelve ounces Hot water five pounds Yeast two drachms Dissolve the opium and honey separately in the hot water, mix, and add the yeast ; keep at about 80° F. for a month; ex- press; filter; distil off sixteen ounces, and evaporate residue to ten ounces ; add to it one and a half ounce of strong spirit ; mix, and filter. Four drops are equiva- lent to one grain of opium. Beasley. Porter's Black Drop. R. Opium four ounces Citric acid two ounces Beat together in a mortar, and add Boiling distilled water one pint Triturate well together, let stand for twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops. Redtcood. Acetated Tincture of Opium. R. Opium two ounces Vinegar twelve fl. ounces Alcohol half a pint Rub the opium with the vinegar, then add the alcohol, macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter through paper. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten minims or twenty drops, which are equivalent to a grain of opium. Mixture with Black Drop. R. Houlton's black drop ten drops Spirit of nitric ether half a drachm Distilled water one ounce Mix. To be taken at once. Foy. Sedative Mixture. R. Opium two grains Distilled vinegar half an ounce Plantain water six ounces Syrup of white poppy one ounce Mix, and filter. In spoonful doses, in haemoptysis with spasms. Pierquin. Wine op Opium. R. Powdered opium two ounces Bruised cinnamon cloves, each, one drachm Wine one pint Macerate for fourteen days, agitating occa- sionally, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, about thirteen minims or twenty-five drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. R. Extract of opium two ounces Cinnamon water ten ounces Alcohol two ounces White wine four ounces Mix, and macerate for four days, and filter. Brwjnatelli. About the same strength as the last. R . Acetous extract of opium six drachms Sherry wine ten ounces Brandy two ounces Mix; macerate for four days, and filter; each drachm contains four grains of opium. Lalouette. Laudanum of Sydenham. R. Opium two ounces Saffron one ounce OPIUM. 301 — ♦— Bruised cinnamon cloves, each, one drachm Sherry wine one pint Mix, and macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Par. Cod. Twenty drops are equivalent to a grain of opium. COLLTRIUM OF WlNE OF OPIUM. R. Decoction of flaxseed four ounces Saffron one drachm Wine of opium one drachm Macerate the saffron in the flaxseed decoc- tion, strain, and add the wine of opium. R. Acetate of copper Dissolve in Rose water add, Wine of opium In chronic ophthalmia three grains eight ounces one drachm Foy. Fomentation of Wine of Opium. R. Opium one ounce Wine two pints Boil down to one pint. As an anodyne application, in gouty and rheumatic pains, &c. Pierquin. Odontalgic Drops. R . Wine of opium Hoffmann's anodyne Oil of peppermint equal parts Mix. In frictions on the cheek, and ap- plied to carious teeth, on cotton. Bobberan. Mixture of Wine of Opium. R. Wine of opium ten drops Cinnamon water one ounce Balm water two ounces Tincture of castor twenty drops Syrup of opium half an ounce Mix. In spoonful doses, in uterine colic. Augustin. R. Cascarilla Colombo, each, two drachms Boiling water sufficient to obtain seven ounces of strained infusion. Add to this Wine of opium Sulphuric ether, each, twenty drop3 To be taken by degrees, in chronic diar- rhoea. Brera. Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, powdered, Laudanum. two ounces and a-half Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. 8. Ph. 302 OPIUM. Dose, thirteen minims or twenty-five drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. Battle y's Sedative Drops. R. Hard extract of opium three ounces Boiling distilled water thirty ounces Dissolve, when cold filter, and add Rectified spirit six ounces and water sufficient to make up two pints. Cooley. Smith's Concentrated Laudanum. R. Denarcotized opium four ounces Dissolve in alcohol, filter, evaporate to consistence of an extract, redissolve in water, and evaporate the filtered solution to twelve ounces; add Rectified spirit twenty-two drachms Distilled water sufficient to make up sixteen ounces. Dose, three to five drops. Bcasley. Compound Tincture of Opium. R . Extract of liquorice Opium, each, half an ounce Carbonate of potassa one drachm "Water three pints Boil down to one pint, filter, and evapo- rate to twelve ounces, then add Spirit of pimento five fl. ounces Powdered cochineal half a drachm Let rest for some time, and filter. Med.-Chirurg. Rev. Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. R. Benzoic acid Chopped saffron, each, six drachms Sliced opium half an ounce Oil of anise one drachm Spirit of ammonia two pints Digest for seven days, and filter. Ed. Ph. Also called Scotch Paregoric. Eighty minims should contain one grain of opium. Camphorated Tincture of Opium. Paregoric. R. Powdered opium Benzoic acid, each, one drachm Oil of anise one fl. drachm Clarified honey two ounces Camphor two scruples Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Half a fl. ounce contains rather less than a grain of opium. Dose, for an infant, five to twenty drops ; for an adult, one to two fl. drachms. Bateman's Pectoral Drops. R. Diluted alcohol four gallons Rasped red saunders two ounces Digest for twenty-four hours, filter, and add Powdered opium catechu camphor, each, two ounces Oil of anise four fl. drachms Digest for ten days. About as strong as camphorated tincture of opium, or two grains of opium to the fl. ounce. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Godfrey's Cordial. R. Tincture of opium one pint and a-half Sugar-house molasses sixteen pints Alcohol two pints Water twenty-six pints Carbonate of potassa two ounces and a-half Oil of sassafras four fl. drachms Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the water; add the molasses; heat over a gentle fire, till they simmer ; remove the scum ; add the laudanum and oil of sassa- fras, previously mixed together. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Contains rather more than one grain of opium to the fl. ounce. Tincture of Opium and Soap. R. Opium half an ounce Soap two ounces Alcohol sixteen ounces Digest for three days on a water-bath, fil- ter, and dissolve in the liquor Camphor six drachms Oil of rosemary one drachm Principally used in frictions, in pains in the limbs, &c, but also given internally, in doses of thirty to fifty drops, in wine. Turin Ph. Succinated Tincture of Opium. R. Opium forty grains Camphor Amber, each, half a drachm Alcohol six ounces Digest for four days on a water-bath, and filter. As a friction in spasmodic attacks. Dumas. Swediaur's Tincture of Opium. R . Extract of opium one drachm Distilled water four drachms Alcohol half a drachm Dissolve, and filter. Five drops are equi- valent to a grain of opium. Swediaur. Tincture of Opium and Asarabacca. R. Asarabacca root Sassafras, each, one ounce Aloes wood half an ounce OPIUM. 303 Opium three drachms Carbonate of ammonia one drachm Alcohol sixteen ounces Digest for twenty days, and filter. Dose, six to thirty drops. In hysteria and epi- Cottereau. Warner's Tincture of Opium. R. Opium Soap, each, six* drachms Nutmeg one drachm Camphor four drachms Saffron forty grains Spirit of ammonia nine ounces Digest for ten days, agitating occasionally, then filter. Van lions. Lettsom's Elixir. R. Opium Benzoic acid Saffron, each, two drachms Camphor four scruples Oil of anise one drachm Ipecacuanha Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce Alcohol two pounds Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, five to twenty drops, in hooping-cough. Augustin. Clyster of Laudanum. R. Tincture of opium half a drachm Infusion of flax- seed two to four fl. ounces Mix. Ellis. R. Decoction of starch four fl. ounces Tincture of opium thirty minims Mix. In obstinate vomiting, strangury from blisters, painful affections of the genito-urinary apparatus, tenesmus, &c. Lond. Ph. Clyster op Laudanum and Valerian. R. Tincture of opium five to six drops Infusion of valerian three ounces Mix, in spasms, in children. Swediaur. Opiate Liniment. R. Olive oil two fl. ounces Tincture of opium two fl. drachms Solution of acetate of lead half a fl. ounce Mix. Ellis. R. Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms and a-half Spirit of cam- phor two fl. ounces and a-half Laudanum half a fl. ounce Mix; as an embrocation in flatulent colic. Ainslic. R. Tincture of opium Spirit of sulphuric ether camphor, each, two fl. ounces Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism, tooth, or earache, &c. Ellis. Liniment op Laudanum and Lime Water. R. Tincture of opium two drachms and a-half Lime water one ounce Oil of almonds two ounces Mix. To be applied on lint; four times a-day, on painful syphilitic pustules. Phoebus. Laudanum Ointment. R. Tincture of opium one drachm Spermaceti ointment two ounces Mix. As an application, morning and evening, to painful hemorrhoids. Brera. Brown Cough Mixture. R. Paragoric elixir one ounce Antimonial wine half an ounce Powdered gum Arabic Extract of liquor- ice, each, three drachms Water six ounces Mix well. A tablespoonful, every three or four hours, in catarrh. JDewees. R. Extract of liquorice Powdered gum Arabic, each, two drachms Boiling water four fl. ounces Dissolve, and add Antimonial wine two fl. drachms Tincture of opium twenty minims Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. Wood. Opiate Linctus. R . Tincture of opium two fl. drachms Diluted sulphuric acid two fl. drachms and a-half Molasses eight fl. ounces Water three fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, to quiet cough. Beasley. Anodyne Draught. R. Camphor mixture nine drachms Nitrate of potassa six grains Comp. spirit of ether one drachm Tincture of opium ten to twelve minims Syrup of poppies two drachms Mix. To be taken at bedtime. Copland. R. Tincture of opium twelve minims Water one fl. ounce Pimento water three drachms 304 Syrup of poppies one drachm Mix. Beasley. R. Tincture of opium fifteen to twenty-five drops Syrup of poppies two fl. drachms Spirit of cinnamon one fl. drachm Distilled water one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. Ellis. Mixture of Laudanum and Tartar Emetic. R. Laudanum one fl. drachm Tartar emetic four grains Camphor mixture eight fl. ounces Mix. In delirium tremens, and the ad- vanced stage of low fevers. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce. Graves. Wistar's Cough Lozenges. R. Powdered gum Arabic extract of liquorice sugar, each, two drachms opium six grains Oil of anise four drops Mix, and add Distilled water sufficient Make into mass, and divide into sixty lozenges. One, three or four times a-day. Ellis. OPOPONAX— ORYZA. OPOPONAX. Opoponax. A gum resin obtained from the Opoponax chi- ro)ihtm, a tall, parsnep like plant, a native of the warm countries of Europe and the Levant. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacea 5 . Decandolle. iv. 170. Griffith, Med. Bot. 323. It occurs in tears and irregular lumps, or frag- ments, of a reddish-yellow color. Its odor is strong, peculiar, and unpleasant, and its taste bit- ter and acrid. It is seldom used in this country, but was formerly much esteemed in a variety of diseases. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. Tincture op Opoponax. R. Opoponax one part Alcohol five parts Macerate for some days, and filter. Beral. Compound Tincture of Opoponax. R. Hound birthwort Long birthwort Orris root, each, half an ounce Opoponax Sagapenum, each, two drachms Guaiacum four scruples Cloves two drachms Camphor three drachms Alcohol ten ounces Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. As an application to foul venereal ulcers. Brera. Emulsion of Opoponax. one drachm two drachms R. Opoponax Soap, each, Yolk of egg Syrup of worm- wood one ounce and a-half Fennel water three ounces Make an emulsion. A teaspoonful every hour, as a vermifuge. Bories. ORIGANUM. Origanum. The article so designated in the U. S. Pharm. is the herb of the Origanum vulgare, a native of Europe, but extensively naturalized in the United States. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- miacese. Linn. -Sp. PI. 834. Griffith, Med. Bot. 511. The dried herb has an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a hot, pungent taste, depending on the presence of a volatile oil. It is somewhat tonic and stimulating, and has been used in the form of infusion as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. The oil is employed in stimulating liniments. ORYZA. Rice. The seed or grain of Oryza sativa, an annual plant, said to be a native of Ethiopia, but now extensively cultivated in most warm countries. Sex. Syst. Hexand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Grami- naceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 475. Griffith, Med. Bot. 660. This grain as found in commerce is deprived of its cuticle, is white, dry, hard, inodorous, and of a farinaceous taste. It is very nutritive, and, in the form of a decoction, emollient. Rice Water. R. Rice, well washed, two ounces Water two quarts Boil for an hour and a half, then add sugar and flavoring, as may be required. Ellis. R. Rice five drachms Water sufficient to obtain a quart of decoction; add Liquorice root three drachms Let stand for some time, and strain, add- ing sugar, &c, at will. Cottereau. Rice Gruel. R. Ground rice one ounce Cinnamon one drachm Water one quart Boil for forty minutes, adding the aro- matic near the close. Strain, and sweeten. Ellis. Mucilage of Rice. R. Rice one ounce OVUM. 305 Macerate it for three hours in Tepid water one quart Then boil slowly for an hour ; and strain. A. T. Thomson. Rice Jelly. R. Eice sufficient Macerate in as much water as will cover it, boil slowly, adding water as it evapo- rates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweeten and flavor, and pass through a fine sieve. On cooling, it becomes a moderately consistent jelly. A good diet in dys- pepsia, &c. OVUM. Eggs. Oil op Eggs. R. Yolk of eggs at will Heat gently till the moisture is dissipated, introduce into a displacer, and exhaust by ether, distil the product in a water-bath, heat the residue, till the albuminous mat- ter coagulates, then strain. Par. God. Was, at one time, much esteemed as an appli- cation to hemorrhoids, chaps, and excoriations, &c. Emulsion of Eggs. R. Yolk of eggs two Powdered sugar one ounce Boiling water fourteen ounces Triturate the eggs and sugar in a marble mortar, gradually adding the water. Beral. Emollient Clyster op Eggs. R. Yolk of eggs two Decoction of bran one pound Mix. Pierquin. Restorative Clyster op Eggs. R. Yolk of egg one White wine two ounces Beef tea, without salt, eight ounces Mix. Radius. Mixture with Eggs. R. Yolk of egg one Cream six ounces Cinnamon barley water six drachms Sugar one ounce Mix. To be taken in teaspoonful doses, in the convalescence of children. Foy. R. Yolk of egg one Water two pints Make an emulsion, and add Common salt half a drachm Mix. In mesenteric atrophy of children. Hufeland, Egg anl*Brandy Mixture. R. Brandy Cinnamon water, each, four fl. ounces Yolk of eggs two Sugar half an ounce Oil of cinnamon two minims Mix. Lond. Ph. As a stimulant in the sinking stage of fevers. Egg and Wine Mixture. R. Yolk of eggs two Oil of cinnamon twenty drops Mix, and add Madeira wine Cinnamon water, each, three fl. ounces Distilled water two fl. ounces- Sugar two drachms Mix. Three or four spoonfuls for a dose, In convalescence from low fevers. Ellis. Liniment of Eggs. R. Yolk of egg one Flaxseed oil two ounces Mix well. As an application to burns. Radius. R. White of egg one Flaxseed oil three ounces- Mix well. As the last. Mynsicht. Cerate of Eggs. R. Yolk of egg one part Simple cerate two parts Mix well. Foy. R. Yolk of a hard-boiled egg one Yellow wax half an ounce Almond oil one ounce and a-half Melt the wax and oil together, and add the egg, triturating them thoroughly together. As an application to burns. Soubeiran .. '20 306 PAPAVER— PAREIRA. PAPAVER. Poppy Heads. The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. These capsules are of a more or less globular form, crowned by a radiated, persistent stigma; of a light brown color, a papery and brittle tex- ture, inodorous, but of a slightly bitter taste. They are analogous in properties, but in a slight degree, to opium. They contain numerous, small, oleaginous seed, which are used in many preparations. Decoction of Poppy Heads. R. Poppy heads, sliced, four ounces Water four pints Roil, and strain. Loncl. Ph. As a soothing and anodyne fomentation, in painful tumors and inflammations. Syrup of Poppy Heads. R . Poppy heads, bruised, fourteen ounces Water two gallons and a-half Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to a gallon, express, evaporate to two pints, and add Sugar two pounds Rose, two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce, for an infant half a fl. drachm. Dub. Ph. As a sedative and hypnotic R. Poppy heads sixteen ounces Diluted alcohol four pints Sugar thirty ounces Deprive the heads of their seeds; bruise them thoroughly, macerate them in twice their weight of diluted alcohol, for two days, express powerfully, add the remainder of the alcohol, and after twenty-four hours, again express. Evaporate the liquids to one pint, strain, and add the sugar, and dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. W. Procter. Extract of Poppy Heads. R. Poppy heads, bruised, fifteen ounees Roiling water one gallon Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to four pints, strain, and evaporate over a vapor-bath, to proper consistence. Ed. Ph. The dose is from five to ten grains. Pectoral Syrup. R. Dates two pounds Jujubes one pound Liquorice root half a pound Mallow root Maidenhair Poppy heads, each, four ounces Water sixteen pints Roil, strain, and add Sugar eight pounds Evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Dose, one to two ounces. Gassicourt. Sedative Injection. R. Simple emulsion five fl. ounces Decoction of poppy heads one pint White of egg one drachm Mix. As an injection in acute gonor- rhoea. Gassicourt. Sedative Mixture. R. Flaxseed two drachms Poppy head one Water sufficient to obtain eight ounces of infusion, add Yolk of egg one Mix well. In painful diarrhoea. St. Marie. PAREIRA. Pareira Rrava. This is the root of Cissampelos pareira, a climb- ing shrub, with large, cordate, villous leaves, a native of the West Indies and South America. Sex. Syst. Monosc. monad. Nat. Sysl. Menis- permacece. Linn. Sp. PL 1473. Griffith, Med. Bot. 106. The root, which is the officinal portion, as found in the shops, is usually in large, crooked pieces, of a dark color, externally, and yellowish within ; it has at first a sweetish, and somewhat aromatic taste, but leaves a bitterish, unpleasant impression ; the odor is very slight. It is tonic and alterative, and acts specifically on the blad- der, diminishing irritability, and diminishing mucous secretion. The dose, in substance, is from thirty grains to a drachm. Infusion of Pareira Rrava. R. Pareira brava six drachms Roiling water a pint Macerate for two hours, and strain. Edin. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in irritation and chronic inflammation of urinary passages. Decoction of Pareira Rrava. R. Pareira brava four drachms Water one pint and a-half PAULLINIA— PETROLEUM. Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, from eight to twelve fl. ounces, during the day. Brodie. Extract op Pareira Brava. R. Powdered pareirabrava one pound Water sufficient Mix the powder with half a pint of the water ; introduce into a displacement ap- paratus, and pour on water, till the pow- der is exhausted. Heat the fluid to the boiling point; strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Edin. Ph. Dose, ten grains to half a drachm. Tincture op Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava two ounces Diluted alcohol one pint Digest for seven days, and filter. Brodie. Dose, fifty to sixty drops. PAULLINIA. Paullinia Is a preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a climbing plant, indigenous to Brazil. The seeds are dried, pounded, mixed with cocoa and cassava, and with water ; formed into a paste, which is dried. This preparation is of a brown color, hard, light, inodorous, and of a somewhat astringent taste. It is highly esteemed in Brazil, in diseases of the bowels and bladder, and has been used in Europe, as a tonic in these, and in chlorosis, &c, with much success. Sex. Syst. Octan. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Sapinda- ceaa. Martins. Mat. Med. Bras. 59. Lozenges op Paullinia. R. Paullinia five drachms and a-half Vanilla sugar one pound and a-half "Water sufficient Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Gavrelle. Syrup op Paullinia. R. Paullinia two drachms and a-half Simple syrup ■ two pints Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gavrelle. Pills op Paullinia. R. Paullinia sufficient Make into pills of a grain and a-balf. Five to ten, as occasion may require. Gavrelle. Alcoholic Extract op Paullinia. R. Powdered paullinia at will Alcohol sufficient Introduce into a displacement apparatus, and pass the alcohol through till the pow- der is exhausted ; distil off the spirit, and 307 Eight evaporate to proper consistence, to ten grains, during the day. Dechastelus. Chocolate with Paullinia. R. Paullinia one ounce Chocolate sixteen ounces Mix, and form a paste. As a restorative, in diseases of debility, chlorosis, &c. PETROLEUM. Petroleum. A liquid bitumen, of a fluid consistence, of a brownish black, or reddish brown color, having a bituminous odor, and an acrid, strong taste. It is found in various parts of the world, issuing from the earth in the form of springs. Many of these exist in the United States, as on the shores of Seneca Lake, on the Kenhawa, &c. These products are light colored and more liquid than the Barbadoes and other foreign varieties, and are known as Seneca oil. Petroleum is a stimulating antispasmodic and sudorific, with some anthelmintic properties. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. British Oil. R. Oil of turpentine flaxseed, each, eight fl. ounces amber juniper, each, four fl. ounces Barbadoes petroleum three fl. ounces Seneca oil one fl. ounce Mix. As a rubefacient liniment. Phil. Coll. Pharm, R. Oil of turpentine eight fl. ounces Barbadoes petroleum four fl. ounces Oil of rosemary four fl. drachms Mix. Gray. Embrocation op Petroleum. R. Petroleum half an ounce Oil of turpentine one drachm Spirit of juniper four ounces Mix. As a friction to the loins, in atony of the urinary passages and dropsy. Radius. R . Petroleum half an ounce Spirit of lavender one ounce Laudanum two drachms Mix. As a lotion to frozen limbs. Phaibus. R. Petroleum Alcohol, each, one ounce Mix. Saunders. R. Petroleum one drachm and a-half Spirit of ammonia two ounces Mix. As a remedy for chilblain. Radius. Ointment op Petroleum. R. Petroleum three drachms 308 PETROSELINUM— PHOSPHORUS. Camphor one scruple Simple ointment one ounce and a-half Mix. Radius. Plaster of Petroleum. R . Resin half an ounce Camphor one drachm Opium half a drachm Petroleum sufficient Mix. As an application in chronic rheum- atism. Radius. Anthelmintic Mixture of Petro- leum. R. Petroleum half an ounce Tincture of assafetida six drachms Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in cases of tape-worm. Schwartz. Diuretic Mixture of Petroleum. R. Petroleum two drachms Tincture of squill one drachm Spirit of juniper six drachms Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in dropsy. Yogi. PETROSELINUM. Parsley. Parsley, or Petroselinum sativum, is a biennial, herbaceous plant, with a fusiform root; a native of southern Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens, for the sake of its leaves, which are used for culinary purposes. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. Hoffmann, Urab. 1, t. 1. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. The root, which is the officinal portion, is fusi- form, white, fleshy, of a pleasant odor and a somewhat sweetish, aromatic taste, becoming inert by drying; it should therefore be used in recent state. It is diuretic and slightly aperient. Infusion of Parsley Root. R. Parsley root one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse and strain. A teacupful, with a drachm of sweet spirit of nitre, every three or four hours. Ellis. In strangury from blisters; and highly spoken of by Dr. Chapman, in dropsies. Oil of Parsley. R. Parsley seeds one part Water four parts Distil, and separate the oil. Brunswick Ph. Carminative, and also said to be very effica- cious in gonorrhoea, in doses of three or four drops, three times a-day. PHLORIDZINA. Phloridzine. A bitter principle obtained from the bark of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum, especially from that of the root. It is white, very bitter, and is said to be a powerful febrifuge. It is ob- tained by boiling the fresh bark of the root for two hours in sufficient water to cover it, decant- ing the decoction, and renewing the process. The two decoctions are united, permitted to stand for twenty-four hours, when a deposit of phloridzine will take place, and, by evaporation, an additional portion will be obtained. This im- pure product is to be treated with distilled water and animal charcoal, to purify it. Powder of Phloridzine. R. Phloridzine ten to fourteen grains Sugar one drachm Mix. In the apyrexia of intermittent fever. De Koninck. PHOSPHORUS. Phosphorus. An elementary substance, usually in the form of thin sticks, which are translucent, of a pale yellowish color, and flexible consistence. It has no perceptible taste, but an alliaceous odor. It is principally made from bone ashes, which con- sist mainly of phosphate of lime. It is a highly powerful, diffusible stimulant, and ought never to be given in substance, and its effects should be always closely watched. It has been given in cases of extreme prostration of the vital powers. Phosphorated Oil. R. Phosphorus one part Almond oil sixteen parts dissolve, and add Oil of bergamot four drops Mix. Dose, five to ten drops in some mu- cilaginous liquid. Magendic. Has been advised in gout, chronic rheumatism, &c, and also externally, as a friction. Phosphorated Ether. R. Phosphorus one part Sulphuric ether sixty parts Macerate for a month in a bottle covered with black paper; decant into small bot- tles similarly prepared. Dose, five to ten drops, in emollient liquid, every four hours. Van Mons. R. Phosphorus Oil of peppermint add to the solution Sulphuric ether two grains half a drachm half fl. ounce PHYTOLACCA-PIMENTA. 309 Mix well. Two to six drops, every four hours, on sugar. In epilepsy, paralysis, &c. Augtistin. Phosphorated Ceeate. R. Phosphorated ether five parts Simple cerate twenty-four parts Mix. As a friction in obstinate cutaneous affections. Foy. Phosphorated Oil op Turpentine. R. Phosphorus two grains Oil of turpentine four fl. drachms Mix, and dissolve. Dose, ten to twelve drops, in obstinate intermittents ; to be given in a cupful of oatmeal gruel. Hufeland. Phosphorated Liniment. R. Phosphorus six grains Oil of almonds one ounce Caustic ammonia Camphor, each, two grains Mix. Augustin. Phosphorated Ointment. R. Phosphorated ether one drachm Lard one ounce Rub together. Guibourt. Phosphorus Paste. R. Phosphorus eight parts Lukewarm water one hundred and eighty parts Rye meal one hundred and eighty parts Melted butter one hundred and eighty parts Sugar one hundred and twenty parts Liquefy the phosphorus in the water ; pour into a mortar, and add the meal ; when cold, add the butter and sugar. An active poison for rats and mice. Simon. PHYTOLACCA. Poke. Both the berries and the root of the Poke, or Phytolacca decandra, are officinal. It is a large, herbaceous plant, with a perennial root, and bearing numerous clusters of dark purple ber- ries. Sex. Syst. Decand. decagyn. Nat. Syst. Phyto- laccaccre. Linn. Sp. PI. 631. Griffith, Med. Bot. 535. The root, as found in the shops, is in trans- verse slices, of a whitish brown externally ; and exhibiting on the cut surfaces numerous concen- tric rings. The taste is somewhat saccharine, followed by a sensation of acrimony; the odor of the fresh root is somewhat like that of gin- seng, but this disappears on drying. It is cmeto- catliartic, with some narcotic properties. It has been used as an alterative, in syphilis, rheuma- tism, and chronic eruptions. The berries have also been praised in the same complaints. The dose of the powdered root, is from one to five grains, as an alterative ; from ten to thirty as an emetic. Ointment op Poke. R . Powdered root, or leaves of poke Lard Rub together. As s tinea capitis, psora, &c. one drachm one ounce application in G.B. Wood. PIMENTA. Allspice. This, which is also called Jamaica pepper, is the unripe berries of Eugenia pimenta, a beautiful evergreen tree, which is indigenous to the West Indies and South America. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrta- cea?. Decandolle, Prod. iii. 285. Griffith. Med. Bot. 300. The berries, which are the officinal part, are collected before they are ripe, and dried in the sun. In this state they are round, brown, some- what rough, and a little larger than a pepper- corn. They have an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a powerful, clove-like taste. Pimento is a warm, aromatic stimulant, but is more employed as a condiment than in medicine. The dose, in powder, is from ten to forty grains. Bolus op Allspice. R. Powdered allspice cinnamon saffron, each, four grains opium one grain conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make two boluses. In chronic diarrhoea. Foy. Water op Allspice. R. Allspice one pound Diluted alcohol seven fl. ounces Water sixteen pints Distil eight pints. Lond. Ph. Used as a carminative. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Spirit of Allspice. three ounces one gallon sufficient Macerate for off a gallon. R. Allspice, bruised, Diluted alcohol Water To prevent empyreuma. twenty-four hours; distil Used in same cases as other aromatic spirits, in doses of one to two fl. drachms. Dub. Ph. Tincture op Allspice. R. Allspice one part Alcohol five parts Macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Dose, from ten to twelve drops. JSwediaur. 310 PIPER-PIPER LONGUM. PIPER. Black Pepper. This article is the berries of Piper nigrum, a perennial, shrubby vine, from eight to twelve feet high, a native of India, and extensively cul- tivated in many parts of tropical Asia. Sex. Syst. Decand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piperaceae. Linn. Sp. PL 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 564. The fruit, which is the officinal part, is ga- thered before it is quite ripe, and by the drying of the pulp over the grayish white seed, become wrinkled and black ; in this state they are known as black pepper ; if permitted to ripen, and de- prived of their skin by maceration, and dried, they form what is called white pepper, which is less active than the black. Black pepper is a warm, carminative stimu- lant, but is principally used as a condiment. It has, however, been used in gonorrhoea, &c, and in the treatment of intermittent fevers, and also as an external application, in the form of oint- ment, to tinea capitis. The dose is from ten to twenty grains. Confection op Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper elecampane, each, one pound fennel seeds three pounds Honey Sugar, each, two pounds Rub the first three ingredients and the sugar together, and keep in a covered ves- sel. When to be used, add the honey, and incorporate thoroughly (or seven ounces of the powder with two ounces of the honey). Loud. Ph. This, which is the same with Ward's paste, so celebrated in the cure of piles, must be used for a length of time, to be of service. Dose, from one to two drachms, two or three times a-day. Ward's Paste. R . Powdered black pepper elecampane, each, eight ounces fennel seed, twenty-two ounces Honey Sugar, each, one pound Triturate well together, and form an elec- tuary. As a remedy in hemorrhoids. A piece, the size of a nutmeg, to be taken three times a-day. Gray. Electuary of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper Conserve of orange, each, one ounce Syrup of orange peel sufficient Make an electuary. As a stomachic and carminative. A drachm, twice a-day. Saunders. Resinous Oil of Black Pepper. R. Black pepper at will Grind it, and extract by means of alcohol (8.35) ; distil off the alcohol. Treat the resinous residue with solution of potassa, which removes all but the piperine. The alcoholic liquid is then to be saturated with diluted muriatic acid, and the fluid oleo-resin, that precipitates, is, after being washed with water, ready for use. W. Procter. Volatile Oil of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper at will Water sufficient Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- duct. Ointment of Black Tepper. R. Powdered black pepper four ounces Lard one pound Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Dub. Ph. Plaster of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper G-albanum, each, three drachms Pitch two ounces Oil of laurel berries sufficient Mix. As a stimulating plaster, in rheum- atism, &c. Augustin. Cataplasm of Black Pepper. R. Flour of mustard half a pound Black pepper Ginger, each, one drachm Syrup sufficient to make a soft paste. To be applied to the pit of the stomach in colic, &c. ; or to the feet, as a revulsive. Ellis. PIPER LONGUM, Long Pepper, Is the dried spikes of the Piper longum, or Chavica qfficinarum, Sec, a climbing shrub, with dioecious flowers, a native of some of the East India Islands, and cultivated in Sumatra and Java. Linn. Sp. PI. 41. Griffith, Med. Bot. 566. ■ The officinal portion is the fruit catkins, dried in the sun. These are aromatic ; of a pungent, fiery taste; of a grayish brown color; cylindri- cal. This pepper has the same properties as the black, but it is little used in this country. Cataplasm of Long Pepper. R. Powdered long pepper ginger, each, half an ounce White of egg sufficient Mix well into a paste. As a rubefacient application in pleurisy. Foy. PIPERINUM— PIX ABIETIS. 311 PIPERINUM. PlPERINE. A peculiar principle obtained from Piper ni- grum. It is white, and crystallizes in four-sided prisms. It was thought to be an alkali, but the experiments of Pelletier show that it is more analogous to the resins. It has been much praised in Italy, as a febrifuge ; and is also spoken of with favor by physicians of other countries. It has been supposed that its acrid taste and remedial properties were dependent on an admixture of acrid oil, but Dr. Christison has shown that such is not the case. R. Alcoholic extract of black pepper at will Treat it with water, containing a hun- dredth of caustic potassa ; wash the resi- due in cold water; dissolve in alcohol; filter, and permit to evaporate and crys- tallize. Guibourt. Dose, from two to ten grains. Pills of Piperine. R. Piperine twenty-four grains Crumb of bread sufiicient Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every two hours. Meli. R. Piperine twelve grains Extract of gentian sufiicient Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every hour, during the apyrexia. Ellis. Pills op Piperine and Mercury. R. Blue pill one grain Piperine Sulphate of quinine, each, two grains Syrup sufiicient Mix, and make a pill. Hartle. One, three times a day, for a few days, after the paroxysm has been checked by piperine. Tincture op Piperine. R. Piperine one part Alcohol seven parts Dissolve, and filter. Beral. PISCIDIA EYTHRINA. Jamaica Dogwood. This is a small West Indian tree, with a bard, heavy wood, and a narcotic bark, employed to ite fish. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- bacesB. Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Griffith, Med. Bot. 24G. The part used is the bark of the root, which appears to be a stimulating narcotic ; causing excitement of the system, copious perspiration, and profound sleep. Applied topically, to allay pain. Tincture op Jamaica Dogwood. R. Bruised Jamaica dogwood one ounce Diluted alcohol four fl. ounces Digest for seven days, and filter. Full dose, as a narcotic, one fl. drachm. Hamilton. PIX ABIETIS. Burgundy Pitch. This is the prepared concrete juice of Abies excelsa, a lofty tree, a native of Europe and north- ern Asia. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelpb. Nat. Syst. Pi- nacse. Decandolle, Fl. Fr. iii. 375. Griffith, Med. Bot. 606. It is also obtained from A. picea. When pure, it is hard, brittle, opaque, of a yellowish, or brownish yellow color, and of a weak, turpentine-like taste and odor. The Abielis resina of the London College, is the concrete juice of several of the pine tribe, as it exudes. It is in solid, brittle tears, of a brownish-yellow color, and emits an agreeable odor when burned. Both are used as ingredients in plaster. Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch two pounds Resin of spruce fir one pound Resin Wax, each, four ounces Expressed oil of nutmeg one ounce Olive oil Water, each, two fl. ounces Melt the pitch, resin, and wax together, and add first the resin of the spruce fir, then the olive oil, oil of nutmegs, and water; mix, and boil to a proper consist- ence. Lond. Ph. As a rubefacient plaster in pectoral, rheuma- tic, &c, affections. It often causes a serous dis- charge, and much irritation. R Burgundy pitch Wax Turpentine Melt, and mix. six ounces half an ounce one drachm Guy's IIosp. Aromatic Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch three ounces Yellow wax half an ounce Powdered cinnamon six drachms Oil of pimento lemons, each, two drachms Melt the resin and wax together, and strain. When they begin to thicken, on cooling, mix in the cinnamon, previously rubbed with the oils, and make a plaster. Dub. Ph. A good local stimulant, when applied to the region of the stomach, allaying nausea and vomit- ing, and relieving gastric uneasiness. Compound Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch two parts 312 FIX CANADENSIS- White wax Turpentine Balsam of tolu, each, Mix, and melt. R. Burgundy pitch Resin Yellow wax, each, Besin of spruce fir Oil of nutmegs Melt together. four parts one part Beral. twenty-four parts four parts twelve parts one part Lisbon Ph. six parts four parts three parts Beral Pitch Cerate R. Burgundy pitch Suet White wax Melt together. Pills op Burgundy Pitch. R. Burgundy pitch five drachms Mucilage sufficient Mix, and make one hundred pills. Six to eight, three times a-day, in cutaneous affec- tions. Ulrich. PIX CANADENSIS. Canada, or Hemlock Pitch. The prepared concrete juice of the Abies Canadensis, a lofty tree, found in the more northern parts of the United States, in Canada, &c, and also in the mountainous portions of the Middle States. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pi- nacea?. Mich. N. A. Sylv. iii. 185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 606. The resin exudes spontaneously, and hardens on the bark, from which it is separated by boil- ing in water. It, however, requires a purifica- tion, by melting and straining, before it is fit fur use. In this state, it is hard, brittle, of a dark yel- lowish brown color, which becomes darker by ex- posure to the air, of a peculiar, but faint odor, and a scarcely perceptible taste. It is a mild rubefacient, much resembling Bur- gundy pitch in its action and powers, and is em- ployed for the same purposes. -PIX NIGRA. Tar Pills. PIX LIQUIDA. Tar. This is an impure turpentine, obtained by the slow combustion of various species of the pine tribe. It is made in large quantities in North Carolina, and in various other places in America and Europe. It is of a brownish black color, of a tenacious consistence, has a peculiar empyrcumatic odor, and a somewhat bitter, resinous, subacid taste. Its properties are analogous to those of the turpentines. It is used both internally and ex- ternally. The dose is from half a drachm to one drachm, several times a-day. one drachm sufficient Beasley. one drachm sufficient G. B. Wood. two scruples one scruple Seymour. two pints one gallon R. Tar Powdered elecampane Mix, and form a mass. R. Tar Wheat flour Mix, and form a mass. R. Tar Liquorice powder Mix, and make sixteen pills. Tar Water. R. Tar Water Mix, stirring with a wooden rod for fifteen minutes; when the tar has subsided^ strain, and keep in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. It is stimulant and diuretic, and was once much used in a variety of diseases, especially in those of the lungs. The dose is from one to two pints, in divided doses, in the course of the day. It is also used as a lotion in cutaneous diseases. Tar Ointment. R. Tar Suet, each, one pound Melt the suet with a moderate heat, add the tar, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. A stimulant application to various cutaneous eruptions, as psoriasis and tinea capitis. Compound Tar Ointment. R. Tar ointment Cerate of acetate of lead, each, Mix. R. Tar ointment Sulphur ointment' equal parts Mix. Guy's Ilosp. St. half a pound Bart', PIX NIGRA. Black Pitch. This is the solid black mass that remains after the evaporation of tar. It has a shining fracture. It is gently stimulant and tonic, and has been used internally in some cutaneous diseases, and in piles. The dose is from ten grains to a drachm, in piles. It is also employed externally. Ointment op Black Pitch. R. Black pitch Wax Besin, each, nine ounces Olive oil sixteen fl. ounces Melt together, and strain. Bond. Ph. Used for the same purposes as tar ointment. R. Black pitch Resin Yellow wax, each, one part Olive oil four parts PLATINUM— PLUMBI ACETAS. 313 Melt the two resins together, add the wax, and then the oil. Guibourt. R. Black pitch sixteen parts Yellow wax twelve parts Lard ten parts Olive oil two parts Melt together. Pipon. Plaster of Black Pitch. R. Black pitch Resin Suet Turpentine, each, two parts Yellow wax three parts Melt together. Niemann. R. Black pitch Resin Wax, each, eight parts Suet one part Melt together. Wirtem. Ph. PLATINUM. Platina. PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. Bichloride op Platina. Made by dissolving platinum in nitro- muriatic acid, and evaporating the solution to dryness by a gentle heat. Beasley. It, as well as a concentrated solution, is of a deep red color. It is very deliquescent and sol- uble in water. It is poisonous in the dose of fifteen grains, but has been used as an alterative in syphilis. Mixture of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of platinum four grains Sugar two drachms Distilled water three fl. ounces Dissolve. Dose, four fl. drachms, three times a-day. Hoefer. Pills of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of plati- num seven and a-half grains Guaiacum one drachm Powdered liquorice root sufficient Mix, and form twenty pills. One pill three times a-day. Hoefer. Ointment of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of platinum one drachm Extract of belladonna two drachms Lard four ounces Rub well together. As an application to indolent ulcers. Hoefer. SODII CHLOROPLATINAS. Chloroplatinate of Sodium. Mix a solution of six parts of chloride of sodium with a solution of seventeen parts of bichloride of platina; evaporate, and crystallize. The crystals are of a deep yellow color, soluble in water and alcohol. They are analogous in their medical pro- perties to the analogous salt of gold. Dose, one to three grains. Injection of Chloroplatinate of Sodium. R. Chloroplatinate of sodium half a drachm Decoction of poppies eight fl. ounces Dissolve. Hoefer. PLUMBUM. Lead. A softish, blue gray, malleable metal, with a perceptible taste, and a peculiar smell when rubbed. It is not officinal in its metallic state, but its preparations are much employed, as seda- tives and astringents. PLUMBI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. Powder of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead Powdered opium, each, six grains Sugar twenty-four grains Mix. Three grains, morning and evening, to check night sweats and diarrhoea, in phthisis. Foy. R. Calomel one to two grains Acetate of lead half to one grain Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three hours, in cholera infantum of infants. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead two to three grains Opium quarter of a grain Acetate of soda three grains Sugar of milk five grains Mix. To be taken every hour, in hemor- Phcebus. Pills of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead Powdered mallows, each, one drachm Simple syrup sufficient Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Four to five a-day, to check sweats in phthisis. Radius. R. Acetate of lead half a drachm Calomel five grains Conserve of roses sufficient 314 Mix, and make ten pills; one, every two to four hours, in hematemesis. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead thirty grains Powdered colchicum twenty grains opium three grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix thoroughly, and form into ten pills. One to be taken every six hours. Used in active hemorrhages, washed down with a draught of one drachm of distilled vinegar to one fl. ounce of water. Also, given in phthisis, after bleeding, one twice a-day. A. T. Thomson. one scruple PLUMBI ACETAS. one grain sufficient R. Acetate of lead Opium Conserve of roses Mix, and make twelve pills. One every hour at first, then every two hours, in cholera. Graves. R. Acetate of lead twelve grains Opium six grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make six pills. One to be repeated according to circumstances, in hemoptysis, &c. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead six grains Powdered mallows Extract of seneka, each, one drachm Mix, and make sixty pills. Two to five, several times a-day, in hemoptysis. Kopp. Rubefacient Paste. R. Acetate of lead one ounce Acid sulphate of potassa three ounces Water sufficient Rub into a paste. It acts powerfully on the skin. Clarus. Collyrium op Acetate op Lead. R. Solution of acetate of lead twelve drops Wine of opium forty drops Rose water four fl. ounces Mix. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead one scruple Lime water twelve fl. ounces Catechu three drachms Honey of roses two ounces Dissolve, and filter. This is much more astringent than the last. Augustin. Solution op Subacetate op Lead. R. Acetate of lead sixteen ounces Litharge nine ounces and a-half Distilled water four pints Boil together, for half an hour, adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea- sure, filter, and keep in close-stopped bot- tles. U. S. Ph. The diluted solution is made by mixing two fl. drachms of the above solution to a pint of dis- tilled water. Acetate of Lead Cerate. Acetate of lead four parts Soap one part and a-half Mix thoroughly in a heated mortar, and add White wax three parts Previously melted with Olive oil three parts Mix well. Van lions. Plaster op Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead one drachm Flowers of sulphur half an ounce Resin two ounces Melt together. As an application to vene- real buboes. Bories. Pile Ointment. R. Acetate of lead fifteen grains Burnt cork half an ounce Fresh butter two ounces Triturate well together. Bories. Acetate of Lead Ointment. R . Acetate of lead Extract of belladonna, each, one part Lard six parts Mix. As an application to fissures of the anus. Foy. Subacetate of Lead Cataplasm. R. Common cataplasm four ounces Solution of subacetate of lead one fl. ounce Muriate of ammonia half a drachm Mix. As an application to indolent tu- mors. Radius. Subacetate of Lead Collyrium. R. Solution of subacetate of lead five drops Elder water half a fl. ounce Laudanum ten drops Mix. Rust. Subacetate of Lead Gargle. R. Solution of subacetate of lead half a fl. drachm Barley water one pint Simple syrup one ounce Mix. Radius. Subacetate op Lead Injection. R. Solution of subacetate of lead two fl. drachms Distilled vinegar eight fl. ounces Rose water twenty-four fl. ounces Mix. In leucorrhoea. Young. Liniment for Milk Abscess. R. Olive oil two ounces PLUMBI ACETAS. 315 Lead water one drachm Sulphuric ether two drachms Laudanum one drachm Mix. A rag moistened with this liniment to be frequently applied to the inflamed part. Deicees. R. Acetate of lead one drachm Distilled vinegar two ounces Dissolve, and add Alcohol one ounce Distilled water five ounces Mis. To be applied as above. Clarke. Acetate of Lead Lotion. R. Diluted solution of sub- acetate of lead one fl. ounce Spirit of camphor three fl. ounces Water one pint Mix. As an application to old ulcers. Ellis. Acetate oe Lead Cataplasm. R. Crumb of bread Milk Boil together, and add Solution of subacetate of lead one pound four pounds Spielmann. Vegeto Mineral Water oe Goulard. R . Solution of subacetate of lead one part Alcohol (.921.) four parts Distilled water forty-eight parts Mix. Taddei. Used in fomentations, lotions, and cataplasms, and may always be replaced by the diluted so- lution of the subacetate. Acetate of Lead Gargle. R. Acetate of lead sixty grains Extract of opium six grains Rose water eight fl. ounces Syrup of mulberries one ounce Mix. Pierquin. Acetate op Lead Mixture. R . Acetate of lead half an ounce Sulphate of iron three drachms Vinegar Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces Rose water six fl. drachms Dissolve the acetate in the vinegar with a gentle heat; add the sulphate, and then the alcohol, mixed with the rose water. Highly praised in the sweats and colliqua- tive diarrhoea of phthisis; in gonorrhoea and nocturnal emissions. Gormann. Goulard's Balsam. R. Oil of turpentine at will Heat, and gradually add Acetate of lead sufficient Constantly stirring, till no more will dis- solve; let rest, and decant while hot. Used as an application to eroding and painful ulcers. Van Mons. Subacetate oe Lead Cerate. R. Solution of subacetate of lead two fl. ounces and a-half White wax four ounces Olive oil nine fl. ounces Camphor half a drachm Melt the wax, and mix with eight fl. ounces of the oil ; remove from fire, and when it begins to thicken, gradually add solution of subacetate of lead ; stir till cool, then add camphor, dissolved in rest of oil, and mix. U. S. Ph. Injection oe Subacetate oe Lead and Lime Water. R. Solution of subacetate of lead thirty-four drops Lime water four fl. ounces Olive oil two fl. drachms Mix, and shake whenever used. In in- flammation of the prostate and urethra. Foy. Liniment of Subacetate of Lead. R . Solution of subacetate of lead Laudanum Honey of roses, each, two fl. drachms Conserve of roses one ounce Mix. Guy's Eos. Subacetate of Lead Ointment. R . Cerate of subacetate of lead Poplar ointment, each, one ounce Powdered camphor two drachms Mix. In inflamed acne and other cutane- ous affections. St. Marie. R. Solution of subacetate of lead White wax, each, one drachm Olive oil one ounce Mix. As an application in ophthalmia. Armstrong. Subacetate of Lead Plaster. R. Olive oil fourteen fl. ounces Yellow wax twenty-four ounces Melt together, and add Solution of subacetate of lead one fl. ounce Camphor, rubbed in a little oil half a drachm Mix well, and spread on linen or skin. It has been much praised in rheumatic pains, and indolent ulcers. Van Mons. 316 PLUMBI CARBONAS-PLUMBI IODIDUM. PLUMBI CARBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. camphorated powder of carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead ten drachms Starch two drachms Sarcocolla Gum Arabic tragacanth, each, one drachm Camphor half a drachm Triturate together. As an application to ulcers. Giannmi. Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead two ounces Simple ointment one pound Powder the carbonate very fine, add it to the ointment previously melted, and mix. U. S. Ph. As an application to excoriated or ulcerated surfaces. R . Carbonate of lead six ounces Camphor one ounce Olibanum two ounces Rose oil three ounces White of eggs seven Triturate together. Same doses a3 above. Harrer. R. Carbonate of lead one ounce Litharge two drachms Bole armenian one ounce Honey of roses half an ounce Lard sufficient Triturate together. As a dressing to pha gedenic and cancerous ulcers. Swediaur. R. Carbonate of lead one ounce Opium one drachm Lard half an ounce Anodyne balsam sufficient Mix. As an application in facial neural- gia. Fouquier. Camphorated Carbonate of Lead Ointment. R. Carbonate of lead one ounce Simple ointment five ounces Camphor two scruples Mix. BeasJey. Plaster of Carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead one pound Olive oil two pounds White wax three ounces Water two pounds Melt the wax and oil together, add the carbonate of lead, and stir till mixed, then add the water and boil; malaxate, and melt again without the wax. Par. Cod. R. Carbonate of lead one pound Olive oil two pints Yellow wax four ounces Lead plaster one pound and a-half Powdered orris root nine ounces Boil together the oil and carbonate of lead, adding a little water, and constantly stir- ring, till they are perfectly incorporated, then add the wax and plaster; when these are melted, mix in the orris, and stir well. U. S. Ph., 1830. As a substitute for Mahy's plaster, and a good application to inflamed and excoriated surfaces, as bed sores, &c. PLUMBI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Lead. R. Acetate of lead nineteen ounces Chloride of sodium six ounces Dissolve the two salts separately, the for- mer in three pints of boiling, distilled water, the latter in one pint of distilled water; mix the solutions, and wash the precipitate with distilled water. Lond. Ph. Ointment of Chloride of Lead. R . Chloride of lead one drachm Simple cerate one ounce Mix. As an application in cancerous ul- cerations. Tuson. Lotion of Chloride of Lead. R. Chloride of lead one drachm Water one pint Dissolve; as a wash to cancerous ulcera- tions, and in painful neuralgic tumors. Tuson. PLUMBI IODIDUM. Iodide of Lead. R. Solution of iodide of potassium acetate of lead, each, sufficient Add one solution gradually to the other, till there is no longer a precipitate, wash this in cold water, and dry it. Goitereau. R. Iodide of potassium Nitrate of lead, each, half an ounce Water a pint and a-half Dissolve the salts separately, each in one- half of the water; mix the solutions, col- lect the precipitate on a filter of linen or muslin, and wash it with water. Boil the powder in three gallons of water, acidulated with three ounces of pyroligneous acid. Let any undissolved matter subside, main- taining the temperature near the boiling PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM. 31T point, and pour off the clear liquor, from which the iodide of lead will crystallize on cooling. Ed. Ph. This is a preferable formula to that made with the acetate of lead, as above, or that of the Lond. Ph. Pills of Iodide of Lead. R. Iodide of lead four grains Conserve of roses one scruple Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning, gradually increased, in scro- fulous affections. Foy. R. Iodide of lead half a drachm Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form one hundred and twenty pills. Administered as above. Gassicourt. Powder of Iodide of Lead. R. Iodide of lead Powdered foxglove, each, six grains Alcoholic extract of stramonium two grains Sugar one drachm Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One, four times a-day. Gassicourt. Ointment of Iodide of Lead. R . Iodide of lead one ounce Lard eight ounces Mix. As an application to indolent and scrofulous swellings. Lond. Ph. PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVI- TREUM. Litharge. Lead Plaster. R. Litharge, in fine powder, five pounds Olive oil one gallon Water two pints Boil together over a gentle fire, stirring constantly, till a plaster is formed. U. S. Ph. Lead Cerate. R. Lead plaster six parts White wax half a part Melt, mix, and add Olive oil two parts and a-half Van Mons. Lead Ointment. R. Olive oil eight parts Lard Butter Mutton fat Yellow wax Litharge, each, two parts Heat the oil, fat, and wax together, till they emit fumes ; gradually add the li- tharge ; constantly stirring, till the mix- ture assumes a dark brown color, and add Pitch one part Strain. Foy. This preparation is much used in France, un- der the name of Ongnent de la Mere, as a matu- rant to buboes, abscesses, &c. Compound Lead Ointment. R . Lead plaster three pounds Olive oil one pint Melt together, and add a mixture of Prepared chalk eight ounces Distilled vinegar six fl. ounces whilst warm, to the warm plaster and oil, and stir till cold. Lond. Ph. R. Fresh root of figwort three ounces Leaves of henbane three handfuls Presh butter one pound and a-half Litharge two ounces Yolk of eggs two Boil the root and leaves in the butter, till all moisture is driven off; express, and strain; add the litharge; stir till cold, and add the yolk of eggs, and incorporate well. Saxon Ph. Celebrated as an application to painful he- morrhoids. Diapalma Plaster. R. Lead plaster nine pounds White wax nine ounces Melt by a gentle heat, and add Sulphate of zinc four ounces Dissolve in a little water; continue the heat, constantly stirring till all moisture is evaporated. Guibourt. Gaulthier's Plaster. R. Diapalma plaster twelve parts Olive oil White wax, each, one part Turpentine two parts Melt the first tbree articles together, with a gentle heat ; add the turpentine. Guibourt. Baynton's Adhesive Plaster. R. Lead plaster one pound Resin six drachms Melt together. Beasley. Lead Cataplasm. R. Flaxseed meal Arrowroot, each, two ounces Water eleven fl. ounces Lead ointment one ounce Mix, and heat to a proper consistence. As a maturating application. Beral. Banyer's Ointment. R . Litharge two ounces 318 PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM— PODOPHYLLUM. Burned alum Calomel, each, one ounce and a-half Lard two pounds Venice turpentine half a pound Mix. As an application in porrigo. Cazenave & Schledel. PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBBUM. Bed Lead. Nuremberg Plaster. R. Bed lead eight ounces Olive oil one pound Mix, and heat till it assumes a brown color, and add Besin half an ounce Yellow wax one ounce and a-half Camphor two drachms Mix, and stir well till incorporated. Hessian Ph. PLUMBI SACCHABAS. Saccharate of Lead. R. Mix one part of sugar with two parts of nitric acid, diluted with ten of water, and apply heat as long as any reaction takes place; neutralize with chalk, filter, and add to the filtered solution acetate of lead as long as any precipitate is found ; wash this, and dry it. Beasley. Nitro-Saccharate of Lead. R . Saccharate of lead at will Dissolve it in nitric acid, diluted with nine- teen parts of water, filter, evaporate, and set aside to crystallize. Hoskins. Solution of Nitro-Saccharate of Lead. R. Nitro-saccharate of lead five grains Saccharic acid twenty-five drops Water five ounces Dissolve. Proposed as a solvent for phos- phatic calculi. Hoskins. PLUMBI TANNAS. Tannate of Lead. R. Strong infusion of galls at will Solution of acetate of lead sufficient Add the solution of the acetate, drop by drop, till it no longer causes a precipitate ; wash this, and dry it. Liniment of Tannate of Lead. R. Decoction of oak bark eight fl. ounces Solution of acetate of lead sufficient Add the solution of lead to the decoction by degrees, till it causes no precipitate; wash the precipitate, and add Alcohol, two drachms Recommended in bed sores. Sundelin. Ointment of Tannate of Lead. R . Recent tannate of lead twelve parts Lard thirty parts Mix. As an application to bed sores. Tott. R. Decoction of oak bark six ounces Solution of acetate of lead one ounce and a-half Mix. Collect the precipitate, and mix whilst moist, Lard one ounce Camphor ten grains As an application to excoriation. Sundelin. PODOPHYLLUM. May Apple. This is the root or rhizome of the Podophyl- lum peltatvm, a native, herbaceous plant, grow- ing in clamp situations, having two large peltate, palmate leaves. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ber- beridacece. The dried root is about as thick as a quill, of a blackish brown color externally, and somewhat corrugated; within, it is of a dirty white ; it has a faint but unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, some- what sweetish taste. It is a purgative of the same character as jalap, and may be given in the same combinations. Dose, ten grains to a scruple. . Extract of May Apple. R . May apple root, in coarse powder one pound Alcohol four pints Water sufficient Macerate the May apple root for four days in the alcohol, and then obtain tincture by displacement with the water, then by same means obtain six pints of infusion; distil oft' the alcohol from tincture, and evaporate the infusion, till each are of the consistence of thin honey. Mix, and eva- porate to a clue consistence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. U. S. Ph. PODOPHYLLIN. R . May apple root Alcohol a sufficient quantity Animal charcoal, in coarse powder, six ounces Reduce the may apple root to powder, moisten it with half its weight of alcohol, introduce into a displacer, and pour on al- POLYGONUM BISTORTA— POTASSII CHLORLDUM. 819 cohol until four pints of tincture are ob- tained. Distil off the alcohol, treat the residual extract with ether to remove fixed oil, boil the residue with water, and dis- solve what remains in alcohol, 42° B ; treat it with purified animal charcoal, and allow the decolorized solution to evaporate spon- taneously. The dry, amorphous mass is podophyllin, and, in cathartic power, six grains are equal to eight of jalap resin. J. R. Lewis. POLYGONUM. POLYGONUM BISTORTA. Bistort. A sub-aquatic plant, with a perennial root and annual, herbaceous stem, growing in moist pla- ces in Europe and the northern parts of Asia and America. Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygo- naceas. Linn. Sp. PL 516. Steph. and Church. 1 t. 47. The root is twisted or bent, of a deep brown color externally, reddish within, inodorous, but of a rough, astringent taste. It is a powerful astringent, but is seldom used in this country. Dose, from twenty to thirty grains. Extract of Bistort. R. Powdered bistort one pound Treat it by the process of displacement, and evaporate the filtered fluid. Pharm. Eosp. Mil. Mixture op Bistort. R. Powdered bistort two drachms Syrup of quince one ounce Rub together, and add Tincture of catechu two fl. drachms Water four fl. ounces A spoonful every hour, shaking the bottle each time, in passive hemorrhages, atonic mucous discharges. Foy. POTASSIUM. Potassium Is a soft, silver-white metal, readily oxidizable by the action of the air; when thrown on water it takes fire and burns with a rose-colored flame, combining with oxygen, and forming potassa, which is dissolved in the water. It must be kept in liquids, into whose composition no oxy- gen enters, as naphtha, &c. It is not used in medicine, but its numerous compounds are highly important. R. Fused carbonate of potassa one pound Iron filings three quarters of a pound Powdered charcoal one pound Mix, and introduce into a gun barrel or iron bottle, placed in a furnace so made that the flame of a very strong fire may surround it, and maintain every part at a uniform heat approaching to whiteness; the gun barrel or bottle is to be connected by an iron tube with a copper receiver partly filled with naphtha and surrounded by ice ; the heat is to be gradually raised until the requisite temperature is reached, when the potassium will distil over. Curaudau. POTASSI BROMIDUM. Bromide oe Potassium. R. Bromine two ounces Iron filings one ounce Distilled water three pints To a pint and a half of the water, first add the iron and then the bromine. Set them aside for half an hour, occasionally stirring, Apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid becomes greenish, add seventeen drachms of carbonate of potassa dissolved in the rest of the water. Strain, and wash what remains in two pints of boiling distilled water, and again strain. Evaporate the mixed liquors to crystallization. Lond. Ph. Alterative and resolvent; used both exter- nally and internally in bronchocele and scrofula, in doses of two to ten grains, three times a-day. Solution op Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium twelve grains Lettuce water three ounces Syrup of marsh mallows one ounce Mix. To be given in spoonful doses, in the twenty-four hours, in scrofula. Foy. Ointment oe Bromide op Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium thirty -four grains Lard one ounce Mix. In frictions on scrofulous swellings, and to tinea and tetter. Magendie. Compound Ointment op Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potas- sium twenty-four grains Liquid bromine six to twelve drops Lard an ounce Mix. Magendie. POTASSII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Potassium. R . Carbonate of potassa at will Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water, filter, and add muriatic acid to saturation, 320 POTASSII CYANURETUM. concentrate the solution by evaporation, and cool slowly, that crystals may form. Guibourt. Formerly known as the Salt of Sylvius, and used in fever to excite perspiration, and as a diuretic, in closes of from one to two scruples. Solution op Chlorinated Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one part Water ten parts Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine through the solution, till it is saturated, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. This is known as Eau de Javelle, and is princi- pally used for bleaching, but may be em- ployed as a disinfectant, like Labarraque's liquid. Guibourt. POTASSII CYANURETUM. Cyanuret op Potassium. R . Ferrocyanuret of potas- sium eight ounces Distilled water six fl. ounces Heat the ferrocyanuret moderately, until it becomes nearly white, and is deprived of its water of crystallization. Put the residue into an earthen retort, with the beak loosely stopped, and expose it to a red heat for two hours, or till gas ceases to be evolved. Withdraw it from the fire, close the orifice, and let remain till cold. Break the retort, remove the contents, reduce them to a coarse powder, introduce them in a bottle of the capacity of twelve fl. ounces, and add the distilled water; agi- tate occasionally for half an hour, throw it on a filter, evaporate the filtered solution rapidly to dryness, and keep in a closely stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. R. Ferrocyanuret of potas- sium, dried, eight ounces Pure carbonate of potassa three ounces Charcoal, in fine powder, one ounce Mix well, fuse in an iron vessel until effer- vescence ceases, and the fusion is tranquil, pour out the fused mass on an iron plate, and cool. Powder when cool, dissolve in alcohol (9.00), and separate and dry the crystals which form on cooling, and pre- serve them in well-closed bottles. Wohler. R. Ferocyanuret of potas- sium, dried, eight parts Dried carbonate of potassa three parts Fuse together, when the mass is fluid, stir with a glass rod, until it becomes quite colorless, allow to settle, and pour out on a marble slab. Liebig. This contains one-eighth of cyanate of potassa. Pills op Cyanuret op Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium Starch mixed with syrup of gum, each, half a grain Mix, and make a pill. Dose, one morn- ing and evening. In spasmodic affections of the chest. Foy. Solution op Cyanuret op Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium one drachm Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. Magendie. R. Cyanuret of potas- sium twenty-two grains Diluted alcohol nine fl drachms Dissolve. Equal to hydrocyanic acid con- taining one grain to a fl. drachm. Laming. Mixture op Cyanuret op Potassium. R . Solution of cyanuret of potassium one fl. drachm Distilled water one pint Sugar one ounce and a-half Mix. A tablespoonful, night and morn- ing, in pectoral affections. Magendie. R. Cyanuret of potassium four grains Distilled water two ounces Syrup of sugar three drachms Mix. A teaspoonful, every three or four I hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. Cadet. R . Tincture of castor Musk Nitrate of potassa, each, four grains Cyanuret of potassium two grains Linden-flower water eight fl. ounces Mix. To be taken in divided doses, in twenty-four hours, in chorea. Fouquier. R. Lettuce water two ounces Cyanuret of potassium half a grain to a grain and a-half Syrup of marsh mallows one ounce Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours. Magendie. Syrup of Cyanuret op Potassium. R. Solution of cyanuret of potassium one drachm Simple syrup one pound Mix. Magendie. Lotion op Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potas- sium one to four grains Distilled water one ounce Mix. Foy. R. Cyanuret of potassium eight grains Distilled water one ounce Mix. To be applied by means of com- POTASSII IODIDUM. 321 presses, in cases of neuralgia, articular rheumatism, &c. Foy. R. Cyanuret of potassium ten grains Emulsion of bitter almonds six ounces Mix. As an application to chronic erup- tions, attended with much itching. Cazenave. Ointment of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potas- sium one to four grains Lard one ounce Mix. Lombard. R. Cyanuret of potassium twelve grains Oil of almonds two drachms Cold cream two ounces Mix. To be rubbed on the skin to relieve neuralgic pains. Cazenave. POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodine six ounces Iron filings three ounces Carbonate of potassa sufficient Distilled water four pints Mix the iodine with three pints of the water, and add the iron filings, stirring frequently for half an hour. Apply a gentle heat, and when the mixture assumes a greenish color, add gradually the car- bonate of potassa, dissolved in half a pint of the water, until it ceases to produce a precipitate. Continue the heat for half an hour, and filter. Wash the residuum with half a pint of the distilled water, boiling hot and filter. Mix the filtered liquors, and evaporate, so that crystals may form. Pour off the liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. R. Iodine sixteen ounces Distilled water eight pints Sulphuret of barium sufficient Sulphate of potassa twelve ounces Mix the iodine with the water, and gradu- ally add the powdered sulphuret, until the solution becomes colorless, constantly stir- ring. Heat to the boiling point, add the sulphate of potassa, boil for a quarter of an hour, and filter. Evaporate to crystal- lization. Mohr. R. Caustic potash Iodine I lharcoal, in powder, one ounce Water sufficient Dissolve the potash in a pint of water, add the iodine in powder gradually, as long as the solution becomes colorless by stirring, four ounces sufficient then add the charcoal, and evaporate to dryness in an iron pot. Cover this and heat to dull redness for half an hour, remove the mass from the pot, treat it with the smallest quantity of water necessary to dissolve the salt, filter, evaporate, and crys- tallize. The mother liquid yields more crystals by evaporation. Turner — modified. R. Iodine one hundred grains Carbonate of potassa seventy-five grains Water two drachms Iron filings thirty grains Mix, and heat slightly, then to redness; the resulting red powder is to be treated with water; filtered, and evaporated to dry- ness. Pypues. Dose, two to fifteen grains, but has been given in still larger quantities. Pills of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium five drachms Distilled water six drachms Crumb of bread sufficient Mix, and make three hundred pills. In goitre, leucorrhoea, &c. Pierquin. R. Iodide of potassium fifteen grains Burnt sponge Extract of bittersweet, each, five drachms Distilled water sufficient Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Six, twice a-day, in scrofula and goitre. Voght. Lozenges of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Sugar three ounces Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. One to six, or more, a-day. Giordano. R. Iodide of potassium seventy-five grains Powdered coffee half a drachm sugar four ounces Mucilage of gum, made with a strong infusion of coffee sufficient Mix, and make three hundred lozenges. Each contains a quarter of a grain of iodide. In goitre, scrofula, &c. Pierquin. Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium thirty-six grains Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. Dose, ten minims. Magendie. R . Iodide of potassium one drachm Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. Fifteen drops, gradually in- creased; three times a-day, in ovarian dropsy. Elliotson. 322 POTASSII IODIDUM. R. Iodide of potassium four ounces Distilled water eight fl. ounces Dissolve. Ten minims contain five grains of iodide. Guy's Eosp. Injection of Iodide of Potassium. R . Iodide of potassium one to three grains Distilled water one pint Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses in scrofulous patients. Foy. Mixture of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Lettuce water eight ounces Mint water two drachms Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. Foy. R. Iodide of potassium four drachms Lettuce water eight ounces Orange-flower water two drachms Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. Foy. R. Iodide of potassium four drachms Lettuce water eight ounces Orange-flower water one drachm Tincture of fox- glove one to two drachms Syrup of marsh mal- low one ounce and a-half Mix. Magendie. In hypertrophy of the heart. A teaspoonful, morning and evening. R. Iodide of potassium two drachms Distilled water sixteen ounces Syrup two ounces Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a-day. Cazenave. R. Quassia G-entian, each, one drachm Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Iodide of potassium thirty-six grains Carbonate of potassa two drachms Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. Gumming. R. Solution of iodide of potassium fifteen drops Medicinal hydrocya- nic acid ten to twelve drops Lettuce water four ounces Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in phthisis. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium two grains Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce Tartar emetic half a grain Distilled water six ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in scrofula. Radius. Syrup of Iodide of R. Iodide of potassium Simple syrup Dissolve. R. Iodide of potassium Peppermint water Simple syrup Mix. R. Iodide of potassium Simple syrup Mix. Potassium. one drachm one pound Cadet. twenty grains two drachms ten ounces Giordano. two drachms six ounces Cazenave. Iodide of Potassium and Sarsapa- rilla. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Decoction of sarsaparilla two pints Syrup of orange peel two ounces Mix. To be taken in glassfuls, during the day. Magendie. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium half a drachm Lard one ounce and a-half Mix. Magendie. The strength of this ointment may vary much, from containing a twenty-fourth of the salt, to an eighth or more, according as it maybe required. In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. R. Iodide of potassium half a drachm Solution of potassa two drops Lard one ounce and a-half Wax three drachms Mix. Coindet. R. Spermaceti half an ounce Olive oil six drachms White wax two drachms Iodide of potassium four scruples Oil of lemons roses, each, three drops Mix. This ointment does not change color by keeping. KaWwfert. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Magnesia six grains Rub together with a few drops of water, and add Rose water ointment one ounce Mix well Hamb. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium Carbonate of soda, each, half a drachm Rose water ointment six drachms Mix well. In chronic enlargement of the testicle. Walthen. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Opium. R. Iodide of potas- sium one drachm and a-half Lard one ounce and a-half POTASSII BINIODIDUM. 323 Laudanum Mix. R. Iodide of potassium Extract of opium Simple cerate one A. T. 1. drachm Thomson. half a drachm ten grains one ounce Mix. As a dressing to cancerous ulcers. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Mercury. R. Iodide of potas- sium twelve to twenty grains Mercurial ointment half an ounce Mix. In various diseases of the skin. Blarius. R . Ointment of iodide of potassium Mercurial ointment Oil of henbane, each, two ounces juniper one drachm Mix. Schonlein. When iodide of potassium and mercurial oint- ment are mixed, the globules soon appear, but if the iodide be artificially dried, previously, a uniform ointment is produced. R. Iodide of potassium three parts Iodide of mercury two parts Camphor two parts Galen's cerate thirty-two parts Mix. Used as friction in acute hydroce- phalus, in doses of a half a drachm to a drachm. Golfin. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and Morphia. R. Iodide of potassium fifteen grains Muriate of morphia half a drachm Lard ten ounces Mix. In painful tumors of the breasts, to be applied twice a-day. Chornel. Liniment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium one ounce Alcohol four ounces Dissolve. R. Animal soap one ounce and a-half Alcohol four fl. ounces Dissolve. Add the two solutions together, aromatize with a few drops of oil of laven- der, and pour into wide-mouthed bottles. Boudet. R. White soap Diluted alcohol Dissolve by a gentle warm, add Iodide of potassium dissolved in Diluted alcohol R. Iodide of potassium Diluted alcohol Dissolve. seven drachms two fl. ounces heat, and whilst four drachms four fl. drachms Beadeij. four drachms two ounces R. Curd soap six drachms Diluted alcohol two ounces Dissolve by a gentle heat, and add the so- lution of iodide of potassium, and aroma- tize. Foy. These are used as liniments in goitre. R. White soap ten drachms Oil of almonds ten drachms Iodide of potassium one drachm Water one drachm Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap and oil, melted together. Gxdhourt. Soap of Iodide of Potassium. R. Camphor one drachm Tincture of benzoin three drachms Add to the solution, triturating well, Iodide of potassium two drachms Goulard's extract four drachms Add to the mixture Oil of almonds thirty-four drachms Solution of potassa two ounces Essence of lavender half a drachm Mix well. As an application to chil- blains. Cadet. POTASSII BINIODIDUM. Biniodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium twenty parts Iodine six parts Mix, and triturate together till the mass is homogeneous, and of a dark brown color. Giordano. To have a perfectly saturated salt, iodine in excess is to be added to a solution of the iodide until no more is dissolved. In the following preparations, there is a mixture of iodide and biniodide. IODURETTED WATER. R. Iodide of potassium six grains Iodine one grain Water two pints Dissolve. To be used instead of common water at meals. Magendie. IODURETTED WATER, (LUGOL'S.) R. Iodide of potas- sium one grain and a-half Iodine three-quarters of a grain Distilled water eight ounces Dissolve. R. Iodide of potassium two grains Iodine one grain Distilled water eight ounces Dissolve. R. Iodide of potas- sium two grains and a-half Iodine one grain and a quarter 324 POTASSII BINIODIDUM. B Distilled water eight ounces Dissolve. The first is for young children, to be taken in divided doses, in three days; the second for those of more ad- vanced age, in two days; the third for adults, in one day. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium six grains Iodine three grains Water sixteen ounces Dissolve. In poisoning by the vegetable alkaloids, in wineglassfuls, after the sto- mach has been emptied. Bouchardat. R . Iodide of potassium ten grains Iodine five grains Distilled water twenty fl. ounces Dissolve. Dose, two to six fl. drachms. Lond. Ph. Compound Solution op Iodide op Potassium. Iodide of potas- sium one ounce and a-half Iodine six drachms Distilled water one pint ve. Dose, six drops, three times a-day, in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. IODURETTED BATH. R . Iodide of potassium four scruples Iodine two scruples Water ten ounces Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient quantity of water. For children. R. Iodide of potassium six drachms Iodine three drachms Water twenty ounces Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient quantity of water. For adults. Foy. COLLYRIUM OP BlNIODIDE OP POTAS- SIUM. R . Iodide of potassium twenty-four grains Iodine one to two grains Rose water six ounces Dissolve. To be used four times a-day, in scrofulous ophthalmia. Magendie. IODURETTED INJECTION. R . Iodide of potassium four grains Iodine two grains Distilled water sixteen ounces Dissolve. R. Iodide of potassium eight grains Iodine four grains Distilled water sixteen ounces Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses. Guibourt. Syrup op Biniodide of Potassium. R. Biniodide of potassium twenty grains Peppermint water two drachms I Simple syrup two ounces Dissolve the biniodide in the peppermint water, and add the solution to the syrup. Giordano. Compound Lotion op Iodide of Potas- sium. R . Iodide of potassium two to four grains Iodine one to two grains Distilled water eight fl. ounces Dissolve. As an application in scrofulous ophthalmia, fistulas, &c. Lnyol. R. Iodide of potassium two ounces Iodine one ounce Distilled water three ounces Dissolve. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium one ounce Iodine half an ounce Distilled water six ounces Dissolve. Soubeiran. These two preparations are used to touch the eyelids in scrofulous ophthalmia. Caustic Solution op Biniodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium Iodine, each, one ounce Distilled water two ounces Mix. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium Iodine Distilled water, each, one ounce Mix. Cadet. These are used to touch the surfaces of scro- fulous ulcers. Compound Tincture of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium one ounce Iodine half an ounce Alcohol one pint Dissolve. U. S. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium two ounces Iodine one ounce Alcohol two pints (imp.) Dissolve. Lond. Ph. Dose, from fifteen to thirty drops. Mixture of Biniodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium four drachms Iodine two grains Orange-flower water Mint water, each, three ounces Mix. A dessertspoonful, three times a-day, in epilepsy. Magendie. R . Iodide of potassium half a drachm Iodine half a grain Syrup of poppies half a fl. ounce Distilled water half a pint POTASSII HYDRARGYRO-IODIDUM. 325 Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, three times a-day, in syphilis combined with scrofula. Tyrrell. Ointment op Biniodide op Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Iodine half a drachm Alcohol one fl. drachm Lard two ounces Rub the iodide and iodine with the alcohol, and then with the lard, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium twenty-four grains Iodine twelve grains Lard two ounces Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium two drachms Iodine eighteen grains Lard two ounces Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium two drachms and a-half Iodine twenty-one grains Lard two ounces Mix. Lugol. R . Iodide of potassium two drachms and a-half Iodine twenty-four grains Lard two ounces Mix. In scrofulous ulcers, &c. Lugol. Ointment of Biniodide op Potassium and Opium. R. Iodide of potassium one drachm Iodine fifteen grains Laudanum of Rousseau two drachms Lard two ounces Mix. As an application to scrofulous ulcers. Foy. Plaster op Biniodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium Iodine, each, ten grains to one scruple Mercurial or soap plaster two ounces Mix. As an application to syphilitic and gouty swellings. Ebers. POTASSII HYDRARGYRO- IODIDUM. Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. R . Iodide of potassium eight grains Dissolved in ten or fifteen minims of water Red iodide of mercury eleven grains Mix. This contains twenty-grains of the hydrargyro-iodide, and is not decomposed by water. Charming. R. Bichloride of mercury one equivalent Dissolve in a solution of Iodide of potassium four equivalents Evaporate to dryness, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Amb. Smith. Dose, one-twelfth of a grain, three times a-day ; in many cases, a much smaller quantity is re- quired to be given. Solution of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potas- sium three grains and a-half Red iodide of mercury four grains and a-half Distilled water one fl. ounce Dissolve first, the iodide of potassium, and then the mercurial salt in the water. The compound salt amounts to about eight grains. The close is from two to five drops, three times a-day, much diluted, in dyspepsia, enlargement of the spleen, drop- sy, &c. Charming. R . Iodide of potassium Red iodide of mer- cury, each, eight grains Distilled water eight ounces Mix. Dose, two fl. drachms and upwards, in the twenty-four hours. Puche. R. Hydrai-gyro-iodide of potassium twelve grains Water sixteen fl. ounces Limonium Lamothe. Tincture of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium one grain Diluted alcohol one fl. ounce Dissolve. Ten drops, three times a-day. Charming. Pills of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. R. Red iodide of mercury Iodide of potas- sium, each, eight grains Sugar of niilk sixty-four grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make thirty-two pills. R. Iodide of potassium Red iodide of mercury, each, six grains Opium twelve grains Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Mialhe. Ointment of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. R . Red iodide of mercury seven grains 326 POTASSII SULPHO-CYANURETUM— POTASSII SULPHURETUM. Iodide of potassium two scruples Lard one ounce Mix. To be applied to tumors, two or three times a-day. Hddreth. R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium one scruple Lard one ounce Mix. Lamothe. POTASSII SULPHO-CYANU- RETUM. SULPHO-CYANURET OF POTASSIUM. R. Ferro-cyanuret of potassium three parts Sulphur one part Pack in a crucible, heat to redness, for an hour, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Van lions. R . Prussian blue three parts Sulphuret of potassa one part Put the mixture into a covered crucible, and heat to a dull red for half an hour, treat with alcohol, filter the solution, evapo- rate, and crystallize. Van Mons. R. Digest an aqueous solution of cyanu- ret of potassium with sulphur, of which it will take up one-third. Filter, and evapo- rate. Beaslcy. POTASSII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphur one ounce Carbonate of potassa two ounces Rub the carbonate of potassa, previously dried with the sulphur, melt the mixture in a covered crucible over the fire; then pour it out, and, when cold, put it in a bottle, which is to be well stopped. U. S. Ph. A stimulant, expectorant, and diaphoretic, in small doses, poisonous in large; used externally in many cutaneous diseases. Dose, from two to ten grains, several times a-day. Hyposulphited Sulphuret op Potas- sium. R. Sublimed sulphur one part Solution of potassa three parts Mix, and heat on a sand-bath, until it marks 39° B. Gidbourt. It consists of three parts of sulphuret and one of hyposulphite. FERRO-SuLPnURET OF POTASSIUM. R. Carbonate of potassa Sulphur, each, one ounce Black oxide of iron two drachms Mix, and melt in a crucible, pour out on a slab of marble, break in pieces, and keep in a well-closed bottle. Dose, three to four grains. Ferrara Ph. Sulphuret of Potassium and Cremor Tartar. R. Sulphuret of potassium four scruples Cremor tartar four drachms Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. Dose, one every four hours, in a glass of sweetened water. Said to be efficacious in mercurial salivation. Bories. Bolus of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium three grains Conserve of elder berries sufficient Mix. Make six boluses; one every three hours. In mercurial salivation. Brera. R. Sulphuret of potassium six grains Black oxide of iron three grains Extract of quassia ten grains Burnt sponge sufficient Mix, and make a bolus. One, morning and evening, in goitre and glandular affec- tions. Phoebus. Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm Extract of liquorice sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. Two to five, several times a-day. Compound Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium Gum ammoniac Extract of dandelion, each, one drachm Soap Rhubarb, each, half a drachm Opium three grains Mix, and make pills of two grains. Radius. Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium and Charcoal. R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm Extract of blessed thistle Powdered charcoal, each, two grains Mix, and make pills of two grains. Fifteen to twenty, four times a-day, in phthisis. Augustin. Electuary of Sulphuret of Potas- sium. R. Butter of cocoa two drachms Oil of almonds half an ounce Melt together, and add, triturating well Sulphuret of potassium ten grains Sugar three drachms As an alterative for children, in teaspoon- ful doses. Phoebus. POTASSII SULPHURETUM. Syrup of Sulphuret op Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium eight grains Distilled water sixteen grains Dissolve, add to it Simple syrup one ounce Par. Cod. A teaspoonful, for croup in children. Compound Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce Fennel water sixteen ounces Simple syrup thirty-eight ounces Mix. Once much celebrated as Willis' bechic syrup, in croup, &c. Giordano. Syrup of Hyposulphited Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium sixteen grains Simple syrup one ounce Mix. Guibourt. Solution of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one part Water sufficient to make a solution of 30° B. Soubeiran. Water of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Washed sulphur one part Water of caustic potassa eleven parts Boil for ten minutes, and filter. Keep in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. This is not analogous to a solution of sulphuret of potassium, as it contains much hyposulphite of potassa. Dose, ten minims to one fl. drachm, three times a-day. Tincture of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium four ounces Diluted alcohol sixteen ounces Digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. Quincy. R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce Sulphur two ounces Melt together, and digest with Alcohol one pound Filter. Saxon. Ph. Recommended in itch, in doses of sixty drops. Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce Water half a pint Dissolve. As a wash in herpetic and other cutaneous eruptions. Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium one to two parts Water sixteen parts Dissolve. Foy. Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium half an ounce 327 Soap one ounce Alcohol four fl. ounces Tincture of myrrh half a fl. ounce Lime water one pint Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium one to two ounces Water one pint Dissolve. R. Muriatic acid one fl. ounce to two fl. ounces Distilled water two pints Mix an ounce of each solution with four ounces of warm water. As an applica- tion in psora. Alibert. R. Sulphuret of potassium three drachms Soap one drachm and a-half Lime water seven and a-half fl. ounces Diluted alcohol two fl. ounces Mix. Burns. Known as Barlow's lotion, and used in various cutaneous diseases. R. Sulphuret of potassium two drachms Soap two drachms and a-half Lime water seven fl. ounces Alcohol one fl. drachm Mix. Biett. As a lotion in porrigo. R . Sulphuret of potassium four ounces Water one pint and a-half Sulphuric acid half an ounce Mix. As a lotion in itch, to be used morning and evening. Dupuytren. Sulphuret of Potassium Bath. R . Sulphuret of potassium four ounces Water twelve ounces Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath. Beral. R. Sulphuret of potassium one ounce Common salt two ounces Carbonate of soda four drachms Leaves of sage one to two handfuls Water six quarts Boil for twenty-four hours. In fomenta- tions, douches, &c, in spina ventosa and scrofula. St. Marie. R. Sulphuret of potassium four ounces Water two hundred pints Mix, and add Glue two pounds Dissolved in ten pints of boiling water. Foy. Injection of Sulphuret of Potas- sium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm POTASSA. Distilled water eight to twelve ounces Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Wedekind. Mixture or Sulpiiuret of Potas- sium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one drachm and a-half Bicarbonate of potassa ten grains Oil of peppermint one to two drops Syrup of orange peel two ounces Mucilage one ounce Mis. A teaspoonful, every two hours, as an alterative in scrofula. Lockstaedt. R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple Carbonate of potassa ten grains Peppermint water two ounces Syrup of saffron one ounce Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in cutaneous diseases. Phoebus. R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple Water one ounce Syrup of cinnamon two drachms Mix. To be taken in three doses, in mercurial disease. Dzondi. R. Sulphuret of potassium one scruple Kermes mineral ten grains Syrup of senega two ounces Anisated ammonia one scruple Mix. A spoonful, every hour in croup. Ha gen. R. Sulphuret of potassium Sugar, each, one drachm Water one pint Mix. Has been advised as an antidote in poisoning by arsenic. Augustin. Ointment of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium Carbonate of soda, each, three drachms Lard three ounces Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Alibert. R. Soap one pound Water one ounce Soften by means of a water-bath, and add Sulphuret of potassium three ounces Oil of pinks two pounds Mix well. R. Sulphuret of potassium Water Dissolve, and add Soap Oil of pinks thyme Mix. R. Powdered soap Sulphuret of potassium Water, each, Mix well, and add, gradually, Olive oil five ounces This liniment alters rapidly when exposed to the air. Beral. Compound Plaster of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium Powdered hemlock, each, two drachms Camphor Turpentine, each, four drachms Soap half a drachm Yellow wax one ounce Simple plaster four ounces Mix well. As a dressing to tumefied lym- phatic glands. Bones. Soap of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium one part Boiling water two parts Dissolve, and add Yellow wax one part Evaporate, stirring continually. Bavar. Ph. Jadelot. six ounces two ounces two pounds four pounds two drachms Giordano. two ounces POTASSA. Caustic Potassa. R. Solution of potassa one gallon Evaporate quickly, in a clean iron vessel, over the fire, till ebullition ceases and the potassa melts. Pour into moulds, and keep in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. A powerful escbarotic, used to form issues and in opening abscesses. Solution of Caustic Potassa. R. Caustic potassa one drachm and a-half Distilled water two fl. ounces Dissolve. As a rubefacient in tetanus, to be applied to the spine. JIartshorne. Potassa with Lime. R. Caustic potassa Lime, each, one ounce Rub them together, and keep in a well- stopped bottle. Bond. Ph. Used as the above, but is slower in producing an effect. It is to be made into a paste with a little alcohol. Solution of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one pound Lime half a pound Boiling distilled water one gallon Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in half a gallon of the water, pour a little of the water on the lime, and, when slaked, add the remainder. Mix the hot liquors, and boil for ten minutes, stirring continually, set the mixture aside in a covered vessel, POTASS^ ACETAS. 329 till clear. Decant, and keep in well-stop- ped bottles of green glass. U. S. Ph. R. Caustic potassa one scruple Water one fl. ounce Dissolve. This solution very nearly re- presents the above. W. Procter. llthontriptic solution of caustic Potassa. R. Calcined carbonate of potassa half a pound Burnt oyster shells one pound and a-half Boiling water eight pints and a-half Mix, and let rest for twenty-four hours, and then filter. One fl. drachm three times a-day, in flaxseed tea, adding fifteen grains of magnesia to each dose. Saunders. Saviard's Stimulant Lotion. R. Caustic potassa two drachms Camphor two scruples Sugar two ounces "Water two pints Mix. As an application to indolent ul- cers. Foy. Collyrium op Caustic Potassa. R. Caustic potassa one grain Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. A drop or two to be introduced into the eye, to remove specks on the cor- nea. Gimbernat. R. Caustic potassa one grain Extract of opium four grains Distilled water four ounces Dissolve, and filter. In chronic ophthal- mia. Hamb. Ph. Mixture op Caustic Potassa. R . Tincture of caustic potassa half an ounce Volatile tincture of guaiacum two drachms Laudanum half a drachm Mix. Twenty drops, three times a-day, in gout. Grsefe. Injection op Caustic Potassa. R. Caustic potassa half a grain Chamomile water one ounce and a-half Laudanum five drops Mix. As an injection into the ear, in deafness. Rust. R. Caustic potassa two grains Distilled water one ounce Dissolve. As an injection, at the com- mencement of gonorrhoea. Girtanner. POTASS^ ACETAS. Acetate op Potassa. R. Acetic acid one pint Carbonate of potassa sufficient to saturate; to be added gradually; fil- ter; evaporate by means of a sand-bath to dryness ; keep in closely-stopped bot- tles. U. S. Ph. A diuretic, in doses of a scruple to a drachm ; as a laxative, in doses of two or three drachms. Scillitic Acetate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa half an ounce Vinegar of squills twelve fl. ounces Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and add Alcohol (.842) six fl. ounces Decant, after digesting for a few days. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in some de- mulcent fluid, in dropsy and asthma. Keup. Bolus op Acetate op Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa one scruple Conserve of pot marigold sufficient Mix. To be taken in the morning, for some days, to retard the secretion of milk. St. Marie. Compound Pills of Acetate of Po- tassa. R . Acetate of potassa Gum ammoniac Pills of aloes and myrrh, each, one part Soap two parts Simple syrup sufficient Mix, and make pills of five grains. Van Mons. Conserve with Acetate of Potassa. R . Acetate of potassa half an ounce Sulphate of soda one drachm Juice of scurvy grass fumitory dandelion, each, two ounces Sugar sufficient Mix, and form conserve. A tcaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in obstructions of the bowels. Bories. R . Acetate of potassa Powdered burnt sponge, each, two drachms Calomel twelve grains Sulphuret of antimony one drachm and a-half Jalap sixteen grains Sulphur one grain 330 POTASS.K ARSENITIS LIQUOR— POTASS^ BORAS. Simple syrup sufficient Mis. Dose, twelve to twenty-four grains, twice a-day, in scrofula. Baumes. Liquid Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa one part Distilled water two parts Dissolve. Amster. Ph. R . Acetate of potassa at will Expose to the action of the air, till it de- liquesces, and filter. Pideret. Dose, forty to eighty drops, in an appropriate vehicle, as a diuretic. Mixture with Liquid Acetate of Potassa. R. Liquid acetate of potassa two ounces Extract of Peruvian bark two drachms cascarilla one drachm Elixir proprietatis one ounce Mix. In intermittent fevers, complicated with obstruction and dropsy ; in doses of thirty drops, every two hours, during the apyrexia. Bories. R . Liquid acetate of potassa four ounces Extract of centaury two drachms Sulphuric ether twenty drops Syrup of kermes two ounces Mix. In dropsy and obstructions. In doses of thirty drops. Saunders. Tincture of Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa two ounces Alcohol four ounces Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Bruns. Ph. Mixture of Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa Extract of dandelion hemlock, each, half an ounce Fennel water six ounces Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every four hours, in jaundice. Quarin. R. Carbonate of potassa fifteen grains Distilled vinegar sufficient to dissolve ; add to the solution Water half an ounce Mint water one ounce Pimento water Vinegar of squill, each, one drachm Simple syrup two drachms Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, every six hours, in dropsy. Mihnan. R. Arnica root one drachm Boiling water sufficient to obtain four ounces of infusion ; add Carbonate of potassa, saturated with vinegar of squill, half a drachm '■ Syrup of orange flowers half an ounce Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in dropsy. Wendt. R . Acetate of potassa Oxymel of squill, each, one drachm Linden water four drachms Wine of opium fifteen drops Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. In spoonful doses, as a diuretic and sedative. Pierquin. POTASSJE ARSENITIS LIQUOR. Arsenical, or Fowler's Solution. R. Arsenious acid in small fragments Pure carbonate of potassa, each, sixty-four grains Distilled water sufficient Compound spirit of lavender half a fl. ounce Boil the arsenious acid and carbonate of potassa with twelve fl. ounces of the water, in a glass vessel, till the acid is entirely dissolved. To the solution, when cold, add the spirit of lavender, and afterwards, sufficient distilled water to make it fill exactly the measure of a pint. U. S. Ph. . Used in the same cases as arsenious acid, especially in intermittent fever. Each fl. drachm contains half a grain of arsenious acid. Dose, about ten drops, two or three times a-day. POTASSA ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Potassa. R. White arsenic Nitre, each, one ounce Pulverize separately, mix, and introduce into an earthenware retort; heat to red- ness, as long as nitrous fumes are evolved, let cool, dissolve the residuum in four pints of boiling distilled water, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. Mixture of Arseniate of Potassa. R. Arseniate of potassa one fifth of a grain Mint water three ounces Simple syrup half an ounce Mix. In spoonful doses, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. POTASSA BORAS. Borate of Potassa. R. Boracic acid six parts POTASSES BOROTARTRAS— POTASSJE CARBONAS. 331 Bicarbonate of potassa five parts Mix, and heat to redness in a crucible, dissolve the residuum in water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. POTASSA BOROTARTRAS. BOROTARTRATE OP POTASSA. R. Powdered bitartrate of potassa four ounces Boracic acid one ounce Water three pints Mix, and put in a silver basin, and boil till most of the water is evaporated, and continue the evaporation by a gentle heat, constantly stirring. When the matter has become thick, take it up in portions, flat- ten them, and dry in a stove, reduce them to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. Par. Cod. R. Borax two hundred and fifty parts Bitartrate of potassa seventy-five parts Dissolve in boiling water, evaporate until a portion dropped on a cold slab solidifies. Powder in a warm mortar, and keep in well-stopped bottles. Kaepeler. R. Bitartrate of potassa twelve ounces Borate of soda six ounces Tartaric acid three drachms Dissolve in water, clarify with white of egg, and proceed as directed by the Paris Codex. Cambranac. This is known as soluble cream of tartar. It is purgative in about the same dose as cream of tartar. Powder op Borotartrate op Potassa. R. Cream of tartar one ounce Borax three drachms Sugar two ounces Mix, and divide into three powders; one to be taken, in a glass of water, every half hour. Pierauin. Compound Pills op Borotartrate op Potassa. R. Borotartrate of potassa one drachm and a-half Extract of buckbean two ounces Seneka snakeroot two drachms Colchicum one drachm and a-half Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, six to twelve every two hours, as a hydra- gogue purgative. Auyuslin. Solution op Borotartrate of Potassa. R. Cream of tartar Borax, each, one drachm Boiling water one pint Dissolve. Bories. Mixture op Borotartrate op Potassa. R. Borotartrate of potassa four to six drachms Juniper water Parsley water, each, three ounces Dissolve, and add Nitric ether two drachms Syrup of poppies one ounce Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, as a diuretic. Niemann. R. Borotartrate of potassa one ounce Mint water eight ounces Nitric ether two drachms Oxymel of squill one ounce Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours, as a diuretic. Selig. R. Borotartrate of potassa half an ounce Tartar emetic one grain Water four ounces Mix. In spoonful doses, in congestion of the head. Radius. Borotartrate op Potassa and Mag- nesia. R. Borotartrate of potassa one part Carbonate of mag- nesia one-fourth part Water six parts Dissolve the borotartrate in the water, in a silver basin, saturate with the magnesia, evaporate carefully, till reduced to a tena- cious paste, which divide into small masses, and dry in a stove. Mailliere Renault. Mixture of Borotartrate op Potassa and Magnesia. R. Borotartrate of potassa and magnesia thirty parts Citric acid two parts Syrup of lemon sixty parts Warm water three hundred parts Dissolve. Mailliere Renault. POTASSiE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Potassa. R. Impure carbonate of potassa three pounds Water two pints and a-half Dissolve the impure carbonate in the water, filter, pour into a clean iron vessel, and evaporate over a gentle fire, till the solu- tion thickens, then remove from the fire, and stir constantly, with an iron spatula, till the salt granulates. U. S. Ph. 332 POTASSiE CARBONAS. Dose, Used as an antacid, and diuretic, &c. from five to twenty grains. Pure Carbonate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa two pounds Nitrate of potassa one pound Rub them separately into powder, mix, and throw the mixture into a brass vessel, heated nearly to redness, from the residue prepare as directed for the carbonate. U. S. Ph. R. Bicarbonate potassa at will Put it in an iron crucible, heat gradually to redness for half an hour; when cold, remove the carbonate, and if discolored by the iron vessel, dissolve in water, filter, and evaporate to dryness in a porcelain crucible. W. Procter. Solution op Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one pound Distilled water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten minims to a fl. drachm, properly diluted. Powder of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa ten grains Powdered chamomile myrrh, each, twenty-four grains Mix. To be taken every hour, in the ayprexia of intermittents. Foy. R. Carbonate of potassa one part Powdered gum Arabic eight parts Triturate together for a long time. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, dissolved in water, in engorgement of the bowels. Guibourt. COLLYRIUM OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. R . Carbonate of potassa two to six grains Water one ounce M ix. To be dropped in the eye every two to four hours, in specks on the cornea. Ilimby. R. Carbonate of potassa twenty-five grains Veal broth, filtered, sufficient Celandine water two ounces Digest for twenty-four hours on a sand- bath, filter, and add Tincture of aloes twenty-four drops In specks on the cornea. Bories. Tincture of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one part Calcine it with a strong heat in a crucible for two hours, pour it in a heated mortar, pulverize it rapidly, and pour on the hot powder Alcohol four parts Digest for fifteen days in a stove, often agitating, and filter. Guibourt. This is a weak alcoholic solution of caustic potassa. COLLUTORT OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. R. Alcohol four ounces Essence of mint twenty drops roses eight drops Cochineal Carbonate of potassa, each, ten grains Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. Much esteemed as a mouth-wash and gar- gle, under the name of " Oriental Water." A teaspoonful is to be used, mixed with a glass of water. Delabarre. Emulsion with Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one scruple Yelk of egg three drachms Mucilage one drachm Oil of almonds Cherry water, each, one ounce Linden water two ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, in the colic of children. Rosenstein. Fomentation with Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa Soap, each, Elder water Dissolve, filter, and add Sal ammoniac As an application to bruises, &c Liniment with Carbonate of Potassa. R. Solution of carbonate of potassa two ounces Olive oil four ounces Yelk of eggs two Mix. As an application to chaps. Plench. Lotion of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms Water four ounces In pruritus vaginae. Trousseau. R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce Rose water one pound Dissolve, and filter. As an application to chilblains. Brugnatelli. R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms Common salt two drachms Rose water eight ounces Orange flower-water two ounces Mix. As a lotion in sunburn and tan. Sundelin. Mixture of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa two drachms Antimonial wine one fl. drachm one ounce two pounds two drachms Cadet. POTASSJB BICARBONAS. Laudanum forty drops Compound spirit of lavender two fl. drachms Distilled water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as an expectorant. Ellis. R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple Lemon juice four fl. drachms Cinnamon water seven fl. drachms Wine of ipecac- uanha fifteen to twenty drops Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Burke. R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm Oil of mint two drops Laudanum ten drops "Water three drachms Mix. A tablespoonful for a dose, as may be required, in sickness of the stomach. Ellis. R. Carbonate of potassa one drachm Peppermint water four ounces Hoffmann's anodyne two scruples Simple syrup half an ounce Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, in asthma, with acidity of the stomach. Augustin. R. Carbonate of potassa White sugar, each, one drachm Compound spirit of lavender two fl. drachms Laudanum forty drops Mint water four fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, in sickness of the stomach, with acidity. Ellis. R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia one fl. drachm Carbonate of potassa two drachms Cinnamon water four fl. ounces Mix. A tcaspoonful occasionally, in py- rosis. Ellis. R . Carbonate of potassa Ipecacuanha Calomel, each, one drachm and a-half Water two pints Boil down to one-half in an earthen ves- sel. Two spoonfuls a-day, in a quart of infusion of sarsaparilla. St. Marie. R. Carbonate of potassa one drachm Elder-flower water six ounces Syrup of marsh mallow one ounce Mix. A spoonful every hour, in angina, accompanied with aphtha, in catarrhal fevers. Radius. R . Carbonate of potassa one scruple Cochineal half a drachm Hyssop water four ounces Syrup of poppies tolu, each, half an ounce Orange flower-water Syrup of ipecacuanha, each, one ounce Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in hooping-cough. JBories. Compound Tincture op Carbonate op Potassa. R . Carbonate of potassa Cinnamon water, each, one pound Opium two ounces Vinous cinnamon water four ounces Digest in a water-bath for three weeks, often agitating; and add to the filtered solution. Grum Arabic two ounces Carbonate of ammonia one ounce Cinnamon water six ounces In syphilis. Niemann. Ointment of Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa one ounce Flowers of sulphur two ounces Lard four ounces Mix. As a friction in itch. Brera. POTASSA BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa four pounds Distilled water ten pints Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and pass carbonic acid through the solution, till it is fully saturated. Then filter and evaporate, that crystals may form, taking care that the heat does not exceed 1G0°. Pour off the supernatant liquor, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. Carbonic acid is obtained from marble, by the addi- tion of dilute sulphuric acid. U. S. Ph. Properties are the same as those of the carbo- nate, but it generally agrees better with the sto- mach. Dose, twenty grains to a drachm. Effervescing Powders of Bicarb. Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa six hundred and forty grains. Divide into sixteen powders. R. Tartaric acid one ounce Divide into sixteen powders. Keep the acid and alkaline powders in paper of different colors. Ed. Ph. Usually made with the bicarbonate of soda. Effervescing Solution of Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa one drachm Distilled water one pint (Imp.) 334 POTASSJE ET AMMONLE CARBONAS— POTASSA CITRAS. Dissolve, and pass into it carbonic acid, compressed by force, more tban is sufficient for saturation; keep in a well-stopped ves- sel. Lond. Ph. Mixture of Bicarbonate op Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa ten to fifteen grains Seltzer water six fl. ounces Dissolve. To be taken tbree or four times a-day, as an antilitbic. Ellis. R. Bicarbonate of potassa one dracbm Mint water six ounces Dissolve. A spoonful every bour — bas been recommended in cholera. Amnion. POTASSA ET AMMONIA CARBONAS. Carbonate op Potassa and Ammonia. R. Carbonate of potassa four parts ammonia one part Water sufiicient to dissolve the two salts ; pass a current of carbonic acid tbrougb tbe solution to satu- ration, beat gently, and let crystallize. In doses of balf a drachm, in half an ounce of mint water, four times a-day ; in diabetes, dyspepsia, gravel, &c. Swediaur. POTASSA CHLORAS. Chlorate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa two parts Quicklime one part and expose to a current of cblorine. When saturated, heat the mixture gently, digest it in water, and separate the chlorate from the filtered liquid, by crystallization. Graham. Has been used in scurvy, chronic hepatitis, syphilis, &c, in doses of fifteen to twenty grains. Powder op Chlorate of Potassa. R. Chlorate of potassa six to eight grains Sugar one scruple Mix. To be given two to four times a- day, in phthisis, to diminish the febrile state. Radius. Compound Powder op Chlorate of Potassa. R . Chlorate of potassa seven grains Muriate of soda one scruple Carbonate of soda half a drachm Mix. For a dose. Stevens. Recommended in cholera. Solution of Chlorate of Potassa. R . Chlorate of potassa one drachm Distilled water twelve fl. ounces Dissolve. Copland. As a lotion to indolent ulcers. R. Chlorate of potassa half a drachm Syrup two and a-half drachms Water twelve and a-half drachms Mix. To be given in the course of the day, in tablespoonful doses, in cancrum oris. H. Hunt. R. Chlorate of potassa one drachm and a-half Distilled water five ounces Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in obstinate rheumatism, tic-dou- loureux, &c. Knod. POTASSiE CITRAS. Citrate of Potassa. R. Citric acid ten ounces Bicarbonate of potassa fourteen ounces Water two pints Dissolve the acid in the water, and gradu- ally add the bicarbonate, when effervesc- ence ceases; filter the solution, if necessary, through paper, free from iron, and evapor- ate to dryness, in a porcelain capsule, ob- serving to stir constantly, as soon as the salt begins to granulate. W. Procter. R. Carbonate of potassa three drachms Recent lemon juice sufficient to saturate. Let stand for twenty-four hours, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Van Mom. Solution of Citrate of Potassa. R. Citric acid half an ounce Oil of lemons two minims Water half a pint Carbonate of potassa sufficient Rub the citric acid with the oil of lemons, and then with the water, till dissolved; lastly, add the carbonate of potassa gradu- ally, till the acid is perfectly saturated, then filter. U. S. Ph. This neutral mixture is used where fresh lemon juice cannot be procured ; it is as effica- cious, but is not as agreeable. R. Citrate of potassa two drachms Distilled water four to six fl. ounces Oil of lemons two drops White sugar two drachms Mix. A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. In same cases as the neutral mixture. Ellis. POTASS^ IODAS— POTASS^E NITRAS PURIFICATUM. 335 Compound Neutral Mixture. R. Lemon juice one ounce Carbonate of potassa sufficient to saturate, add Mint water seven ounces Tartar emetic one grain Syrup half an ounce Mix. Lisbon Ph. Mixture op Citrate of Potassa, and Peruvian Bark. R. Lemon juice one fl. ounce and a-half Carbonate of potassa one drachm Tincture of Peruvian bark one fl. ounce Cinnamon water tbree fl. ounces Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. To promote insensible perspiration while taking bark. Ellis. POTASS^E IODAS. Iodate of Potassa. R. Iodine at will Caustic potassa sufficient Dissolve the iodine in the alkali, till the solution begins to become colored. Eva- porate to dryness; treat the residue with alcohol, and preserve the residue. The alcohol takes up the iodide of potassium. Fcrrara Ph. Syrup of Iodate of Potassa. R. Iodate of potassa twenty grains Peppermint water two drachms Simple syrup ten ounces Mix. Giordano. POTASSA NITRAS. Nitrate of Potassa. POTASSA NITRAS PURIFI- CATUM. Purified Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa one part Boiling water two parts Dissolve, filter, and set aside, so that, on cooling, crystals may form. Dub. Ph. Fused Nitrate of Potassa. Sal Prunelle. R. Nitrate of potassa at will Melt in a crucible, and cast it into moulds. Guibourt. R. Nitrate of potassa two pounds and a-half Melt in a crucible, adding gradually, Flowers of sulphur half an ounce After the deflagration, and the mixture is somewhat cooled, pour it into a basin, and turn this in all directions, so that the mass may cool in a third and uniform layer. When cool, break this in pieces. Span. Ph. This preparation will contain some sulphate of potassa. Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Orris Root. R. Nitrate of potassa one drachm Spermaceti two drachms Sugar Orris root, each, one ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, in catarrhal affec- tions. Augustin. Compound Nitrous Powders. R . Powdered nitre one drachm and a-half Tartar emetic one grain Calomel four grains Mix, and divide into eight powders. One every two hours. As a diaphoretic, &c. in fever. Dewees. R. Nitrate of potassa two ounces Bitartrate of potassa four drachms Tartar emetic four grains Mix. Beasley. Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Squill. R. Nitrate of potassa fifteen grains Powdered squill pimento, each, ten grains Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic. Sivediaur. Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Camphor. R. Nitrate of potassa ten grains Camphor four to eight grains Gum Arabic twenty-four grains Mix, and triturate well; one-third to one- half at a dose. Foy. Pills of Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa six drachms Gum Arabic three drachms Liquorice root Marsh mallow, each, three ounces Simple syrup sufficient Mix, and make pills of five grains. In inflammation of the urethra and dysuria; five or six, three times a-day. Foy. Pills of Nitrate of Potassa and Camphor. R . Nitrate of potassa four parts Camphor Conserve of roses, each, two parts Mix, and make pills of four grains. Two to ten a-day, in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. POTASSA OXALAS— POTASS^ SILICAS. Nitrated Emulsion. R. Nitrate of potassa two drachms Sugar of milk one ounce Extract of henbane half a scruple Emulsion of almonds one pound Mix, and dissolve. A spoonful every hour, in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. Cooling Lotion of Nitrate op Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa Sal ammonia, each, one part "Water forty-eight parts Dissolve, and add Vinegar four parts As a lotion and application, by means of compresses, to contusions and ecchymoses. Hep. Ph. Nitrate of Potassa Gargle. R. Nitrate of potassa seven drachms Barley water fourteen fl. ounces Oxymel one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. As gargle, in inflammatory sore throat. Ainslie. Mixture of Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potash eight grains Tincture of digi- talis fifteen to twenty drops Water ten fl. drachms Sweet spirit of nitre Syrup of roses, each, half a fl. drachm Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a diu- retic. Burke. R . Nitrate of potassa one drachm and a-half Mucilage of gum Arabic two fl. ounces Antimonial wine forty minims Syrup of orange peel half a fl. ounce Water four fl. ounces Mix. One fl. ounce, three times a-day, in remittent fever, with hot skin. Ainslie. R. Nitrate of potash eight to ten grains Water eleven fl. drachms Solution of tartar emetic fifteen drops Simple syrup Sweet spirit of nitre, each, half a fl. drachm Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a dia- phoretic. Burke. R. Extract of chamomile one drachm Nitrate of potassa one ounce Chamomile water four ounces Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, as an antispasmodic. Radius. R. Nitrate of potassa half an ounce Barley water one pound Syrup of marsh mallows six ounces Oil of almonds four ounces Mix. A glassful every four hours, in dys- ury and strangury. Cadet. R. Nitrate of potassa two drachms Decoction of asparagus two pounds Oxymel of squill half an ounce Mix. To be taken in divided doses, as a diuretic. Brera. R. Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces Boiling water one pint When cold, strain, and add Nitrate of potassa two drachms Syrup of ginger one fl. ounce One ounce to an ounce and a-half, every three or four hours, in dropsy. Hartman. POTASS^ OXALAS. Oxalate of Potassa. The article usually sold for oxalate of potassa, salt of sorrel, &c, is the hinoxalate of potassa. It is not much used in medicine, but is employed in the arts, to remove ink and iron stains from linen and cotton; to bleach the straw for bon- nets, &c. R. Oxalic acid one part Carbonate of potassa sufficient to saturate ; add to the solution three parts more of the acid ; evaporate, and crystallize. Cooley. Powder of Oxalate of Potassa. R . Oxalate of potassa twenty grains Tartrate of potassa Sulphate of potassa, each, one drachm Scammony fifteen grains Red saunders ten grains Mix. To be taken in the morning, in in- termittent fevers. Two doses are stated to be sufficient. Giordano. Lozenges of Oxalate of Potassa. R. Oxalate of potassa one drachm and a-half White sugar eight ounces Gum tragacanth two scruples Lemon water five drachms Oil of lemons eight drops Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Guibourt. POTASSA SILICAS. Silicate of Potassa. R. Powdered quartz or flint one part Subcarbonate of potassa two parts Mix, and fuse in a crucible ; when cool, dissolve in water ; filter, and evaporate to dryness. POTASSA SULPHAS-POTASS^ ET MAGNESIA SULPHAS. 33T Solution op Silicate of Potassa. R. Silicate of potassa ten to fifteen grains Distilled water six to eight fl. ounces Dissolve. To be taken twice a-day, to remove gouty concretions. Tire. Soluble Glass. R. Subcarbonate of potassa seventy parts Subcarbonate of soda fifty-four parts Silex one hundred and ninety-two parts Melt together. The resulting glass is soluble in boiling water. The solution forms a fine, transparent, elastic varnish. Doheremer. POTASS^ SULPHAS. Sulphate op Potassa. R. Residuum of the prepara- tion of nitric acid two pounds Boiling water two gallons Expel the excess of acid by heating the salt in a crucible ; boil the remainder in the water, till a pellicle forms ; filter the solution ; set aside to crystallize ; pour off the water, and dry the crystals. Lond. Ph. A mild cathartic, in doses of four or five drachms, but in large doses, acts as an irritant. Compound Saline Powder. R . Sulphate of potassa three ounces Muriate of soda Sulphate of magnesia, each, four ounces Dry the salts separately, with a gentle heat; then triturate them well together, and preserve in glass vessels. Ed. Ph. Aperient, in doses of two or three drachms, dissolved in half a pint of carbonic acid water, before breakfast. Powder op Sulphate op Potassa and Rhubarb. R. Sulphate of potassa one drachm Powdered rhubarb one scruple and a-half chamomile one drachm Mix, and divide into six powders; one, twice a-day, in sugar and water, in dys- pepsia and torpor of the bowels. Ellis. R. Sulphate of potassa two ounces Powdered rhubarb one ounce Sal ammoniac half an ounce Mix. Half a drachm, in same cases as the last. Pfaff. Pills of Sulphate op Potassa. R. Sulphate of potassa two drachms Powdered rhubarb two scruples Oil of fennel six drops Extract of blessed thistle sufficient 22 Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, five or six a-day, as a purgative. Phoebus. Mixture with Sulphate op Potassa. R. Centaury Chamomile, each, one ounce Water sufficient to obtain three pints of infusion ; add Sulphate of potassa Honey, each, two ounces Three glassfuls a-day, in fevers. JSivediaur. POTASSiE BISULPHAS. Bisulphate op Potassa. R. Salt remaining after dis- tillation of nitric acid two pounds Sulphuric acid one pound Boiling water six pints (Imp.) Dissolve the salt in the water, add th« acid, and mix. Boil down the solution, and set aside, that crystals may form. Lond. Ph^ Aperient and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms. Effervescing Draught of Sulphate op Potassa. R. Sulphate of potassa Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm Dissolve separately, in two fl. ounces of water, each; mix, and take whilst effervesc- ing. Barlter. Disinfecting Powder; R. Acid of sulphate of potassa four hundred and ten parts Subacetate of lead seventy parts Manganese thirty parts Reduce these, separately, to fine powder, and, when wanted, mix in a proper ■ POTASSA ET AMMONIA SULPHAS. Sulphate op Potassa and Ammonia. R. Bisulphate of potassa one part Boiling water two parts Dissolve, and add Solution of ammonia sufficient to saturate to excess, and crystallize. Van POTASSiE ET MAGNESIJE SULPHAS. Sulphate op Potassa and Magnesia. R. Sulphate of potassa three and a-half parts 338 POTASSJE SULPHAS CUM SULPHURE— POTASSiE BITARTRAS. Sulpliate of magnesia Boiling water Filter, and crystallize. ten parts sufficient POTASS^ SULPHAS CUM SULPHURE. Sulphate op Potassa with Sulphur. R. Nitrate of potassa Sulphur equal parts Mis, and throw in small successive por- tions inTo a red-hot crucible ; when cool, reduce to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. Ed. Ph. Has much the same properties as the sulphate of potassa. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, in all forms of hemorrhoidal disease. Radius. R. Tartrate of potassa half an ounce Extract of centaury two drachms Water eight ounces Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour or two, in obstructions of the liver. Swediaur. R. Tartrate of potassa one drachm Nitrate of potassa half a drachm Manna one ounce Decoction of dandelion six ounces Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours, in dropsy consecutive to scarlet fever. Phoebus. POTASSA TARTRAS. Tartrate or Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa sixteen ounces Bitartrate of potassa three pounds, or q. s. Boiling water one gallon Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the water, then gradually add the bitartrate in fine powder to the solution, till it is per- fectly saturated, and boil. Filter the liquor, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid, and having dried the crystals on bibulous paper, keep them in closely stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. A mild, cooling purgative, in doses from a drachm to an ounce. Powder of Tartrate op Potassa and Rhubarb. R. Tartrate of potassa two drachms Powdered rhubarb orange peel, each, one drachm Oirof cajeput one scruple Mix. *A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in obstructions of the portal system. St. Marie. Mixture op Tartrate of Potassa. R. Tartrate of potassa six to eight drachms Infusion of chicory twenty ounces Manna two ounces Mix. To be taken in the morning, in four portions, every day or every second day, for a fortnight, in chronic affections of the liver. Grant. R. Tartrate of potassa one ounce Extract of soapwort half an ounce Balm water six ounces POTASS.E BITARTRAS. Bitartrate op Potassa. Cream of Tartar. This is cathartic, diuretic, and cooling. The dose is from one to two drachms, as an aperient; and from half an ounce to one ounce, as a hydra- gogue purgative. Dentifrice of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa six parts Powdered shell lac cuttlefish bone orris root, each, eight parts cloves myrrh mastic, each, two parts Triturate well together. Guibourt. R. Bitartrate of potassa Rhatany equal parts Orris root sufficient to give an agreeable odor. Triturate well together. Ferrara Ph. Powder of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa three ounces Nitrate of potassa three drachms Sugar four ounces Mix. Dose, one to two drachms, in whey, as a laxative. St. Marie. R. Bitartrate of potassa a drachm and a-half Powdered squill two grains foxglove one grain ginger five grains Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight hours. In ascites and anasarca. A. T. Thomson. R. Bitartrate of potassa thirty grains Powdered squill two grains ginger four grains Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight hours. Useful in ascites. A. T. Thomson. POTASSiE ET AMMONLE TARTRAS— PRINOS. 839 Electuary of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce Powdered ginger Conserve of roses, each, one drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Mix. To be taken in spoonful doses, as a hydragogue purgative. Monro. Oxymel of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa one part Clarified honey two parts Mis. As a purgative in bilious fever and Swediaur. Solution of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce Water two pints Dissolve. To be taken freely during the day, as a diuretic. Ellis. Compound Solution of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa two drachms Manna two ounces Water eight ounces Lemon juice half an ounce Mix, and clarify with the white of an egg, infuse a small quantity of orange peel in the fluid, and strain on cooling. A plea- sant laxative. Taddei. Mixture of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa two scruples Antimonial wine Vinegar of squill, each, half a drachm Parsely water one ounce and a-half Syrup of seneka six drachms Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in dropsy supervening on scarlatina. Yogi. R. Bitartrate of potassa half an ounce Barley water two pounds Dissolve, and add Brandy one to two ounces Much praised as a diuretic in dropsies. Milmann. R. Bitartrate of potassa one ounce Borax two drachms Boiling water sufficient to dissolve. To ten ounces of the cooled solution add Nitrate of potassa two drachms Oxymel two ounces Mix. Bcasley. R. Bitartrate of potassa Extract of hore- hound, each, two drachms Balm water three ounces Mix. One-half to be taken morning and evening, in hemorrhoids, with constipation. Augustin. Imperial. R. Bitartrate of potassa half an ounce Lemon, cut into slices, one White sugar . half a pound Water three pints Mix. Let stand for half an hour, and strain. A pleasant, cooling drink. Gray. POTASSA ET AMMONIA TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassa and Ammonia. R. Bitartrate of potassa at will Boiling water sufficient to dissolve; add, gradually, Solution of ammonia to saturate the excess of the acid; filter, and evaporate, so that crystals may form. Hamb. Ph. Solution of Tartrate of Potassa and Ammonia. R. Solution of carbonate of ammonia six ounces Add, gradually, Bitartrate of potassa sufficient to saturate, let stand for some hours, and filter. Diuretic, in closes of a drachm. Liepsic Ph. Mixture of Tartrate of Potassa and Ammonia. R. Tartrate of potassa and ammonia half an ounce Fennel water six ounces Extract of dandelion Clarified honey, each, one ounce Mix. A spoonful every hour, as a diu- retic. Phoebus. PRINOS. Black Alder. This, which is also known as Winter berry, is an indigenous shrub, found in most parts of the country, principally in low, moist situations; flowering in June, and bearing numerous scar- let berries, which remain on the bush after the fall of the leaves. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aqui- foliacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 434. The officinal portion is the bark, which, when dried for use, is in slender pieces, of a greenish white color internally, and of an ash gray, mix- ed with brown externally; brittle, inodorous, and of a bitter, astringent taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used with success in diarrhoea, intermittent fevers, &c. The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm, three or four times a-day. Decoction of Black Alder. R. Black alder two ounces 340 PRUNUM-PYRETHRUM. Boiling water three pints Boil down to a quart, and strain. One gill, every two hours. W. P. C. Barton. PRUNUM. Prunes. Prunes are the dried fruit of various varieties of Prunus domestica, or cultivated Plum tree. They are principally derived from the south of France, and are much used as an article of des- sert, but are also employed in medicine, as a laxative, either alone or in combination, especi- ally with senna, as in the confection of senna, &c, in the form of pulp, which is prepared by softening them in the vapor of boiling water ; separating the stones, and pressing through a hair sieve. PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. "Wild Cherry Bark. This is the bark of Cerasus serotina, though the U. S. Pharm. still retains the old, but incor- rect designation. The Cerasus serotina is found in most parts of the United States, and in some situations attains a very large size. Sex: Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Drupa- Decandolle. Prod ii. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 288. The bark of both the roots and branches, is used, but the former is to be preferred. As dried for use, it is in pieces of various sizes ; deprived of epidermis; of a reddish brown color, and readily pulverized ; when fresh it has an odor of bitter almonds, which is much diminished on drying, but reappears on mace- ration ; the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is tonic, but also exercises a sedative action on the circulatory and nervous systems, and is much used in a variety of diseases. The dose in powder is half a drachm to two drachms. Infusion op Wild Cherry Bark. R. Wild cherry bark, bruised, half an ounce Cold water one pint Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two or three fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. Syrup op Wild Cherry Bark. R. Powdered wild cherry bark four ounces Water twelve fl. ounces Macerate for two days ; put in a displace- ment apparatus ; add water till twelve fl. ounces are obtained, returning the first portions till it conies away clear, then add Sugar twenty-four ounces And form syrup. Procter. Dose, from a fl. drachm to a fl. ounce. R. Same as the above, but with half the quantity of sugar. D. S. Jones. PYRETHRUM. Pellitory. This is the root Jlnacylus pyrethrum, a small plant with perennial roots and annual stems, a native of the countries bordering on the Medi- terranean. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- cese. Decandolle. prod. vi. 15. Griffith, Med. Bot. 402. The dried root is about the size of the little finger, with a thick, brown bark, marked with black, shining points; it is inodorous; its taste is at first slight, but afterwards extremely acrid, leaving a burning, pricking sensation. It is a powerful local irritant, and is principally used as a masticatory and sialagogue, but has also been employed in intermittents, palsies, &c. Lozenges op Pellitory. R. Powdered pellitory • mastich, each, one drachm Mucilage of tragacanth sufficient Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains each. As a masticatory in toothache. Fog. Tincture op Pellitory. R. Pellitory one part Alcohol four parts Macerate for eight days, and filter. Par. Cod. Compound Tincture of Pellitory. R. Pellitory four drachms Camphor three drachms Opium one drachm Oil of cloves two drachms Alcohol six fl. ounces Macerate for eight days, and filter. As a sialogogue in toothache. Brande. R. Pellitory one ounce Para cress four ounces Italian elecampane one ounce Alcohol eight fl. ounces Macerate for fifteen days, express, and fil- ter. Much celebrated as an odontalgic, under the name of Paraguay Roux. Liniment op Pellitory. R. Tincture of pellitory six. fl. drachms Camphorated oil half a fl. ounce Water of ammonia half a fl. drachm Mix. As a lotion for chilblains, and in rheumatic pains. Radius. Plaster of Pellitory. R . Yellow wax three ounces Turpentine two ounces and a-half Melt together, and add QUASSIA— QUERCUS. 341 Ammoniac Sagapenum G-albanum Powdered pellitory mustard, each, one ounce Mix well. As a rubefacient application in rheumatism, &c. Cadet. Extract op Pellitory. R. Pellitory, ground, one pound two pints Alcohol Ether half a pint Mix the ether with a pint of the alcohol, pour it gradually on the powder, put it in a displacer, when it ceases to drop, add the remainder of the alcohol, and finally suf- ficient diluted alcohol, to displace two pints and a half in all. Allow the ethero-alco- holic tincture to evaporate spontaneously, or with a moderate heat, until a soft ex- tract is obtained. Employed to destroy the sensibility of the nerves of teeth, previous to plugging, or for toothache. W. Procter. QUASSIA. Quassia. Under the name of Quassia, the wood of two different plants is used, — that of Q. amara, and of Q. (Picrana) exceka, the latter being alone recognized in the U. S. Pharm. This is furnished by a large tree found in many of the West India islands, and known as the bitter ash. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simaru- bacese. Lind. Flor. Med. 20S. Griffith, Med. Bot. 200. It is found in commerce, in billets of various sizes, having a smooth, brittle bark. The wood is white, but becomes yellowish on exposure to the air; it has scarcely any smell, but possesses an intense, permanent bitter taste. It is a pure and powerful tonic, and is much used for that purpose. It is seldom given in substance. Infusion of Quassia. R. Rasped quassia two drachms Cold water one pint Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. Compound Infusion of Quassia. R. Quassia Scrpentaria Orange peel, each, half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse and strain. A tcacupful, cold, three times a-day. Ellis. Extract of Quassia. R. Prepared like extract of gentian. U. S. Ph. Dose, about five grains. A very efficient, bit- ter tonic. Tincture of Quassia. R. Rasped quassia two ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter; or it may be made by displacement. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. drachms. Compound Tincture of Quassia. R. Bruised cardamoms cochineal, each, half an ounce Powdered cinnamon Chipped quassia, each, six drachms Raisins seven ounces Diluted alcohol two pints (impl.) Digest for seven days, strain, express resi- due, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. drachms. Ed. Ph. Wine of Quassia. R . Rasped quassia half an ounce Orange peel two drachms Wine one pint and a-half Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. Dose, three fl. drachms to a fl. half ounce, twice a-day. Radius. QUERCUS. Oak Bark. Several species of oak are recognized as offi- cinal in the Pharmacopoeias, as the Q. alba, or White oak, and Q. tinctoria, or Black oak, in the U. S. ; Q. pedunculata, European White oak, in the Lond. and Edin. ■ Q. robur, European oak, in the Dublin. Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Cory- laceas. The part used is the bark: this, in all the species, is astringent and tonic, and has been used in a variety of diseases, but more generally as an external application than as an internal 342 QUINIA— QUIN-ffi ACETAS. remedy. The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm. Compound Powder or Oak Bark. R. Powdered oak bark one scruple Calamus Gentian, each, five grains Mix. To be taken every three hours, in apyrexia of intermittents. Augustin. Extract of Oak Bark. R. To be prepared like extract of gentian. Dub. Ph. The dose is from ten to forty grains. Decoction of Oak Bark. R. Oak bark eight drachms Water two pints Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dub. Ph. The U. S. Ph., for decoction of white oak bark, orders one ounce of the bark, and water a pint and a-half. The dose is a wineglassful, as an astringent in chronic diarrhoea, &c. Gargle of Oak Bark. R. Decoction of oak bark one pint Add Alum half a drachm Brandy two fl. ounces As a gargle in chronic sore throat, with re- laxed uvula, and as an injection in leucor- rhoea. Ellis. Cataplasm of Oak Bark. R. Powdered oak bark catechu Barley meal, each, one ounce Water sufficient Boil to the proper consistence. Foy. As an application in gangrene and mortifica- tion. Confection of Acorns. R. Powdered acorns three ounces red coral catechu, each, one ounce and a-half Confection of dog rose ten ounces Syrup of red roses sufficient Mix. One drachm every four hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Bories. Acorn Coffee. R. Acorns, roasted, six drachms Coffee, roasted, two drachms Water sufficient Boil for a short time, and strain. Two or three cupfuls a-day, in scrofula and rachitis. Augustin. QUINIA. Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine one part Boiling water thirty parts Dissolve. Add water of ammonia suffi- cient to precipitate the quinine, wash the precipitate in warm distilled water, and dry it. Tincture of Quinine. R. Quinine one part Alcohol seven parts Dissolve. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Berdl. Impure Quinine. R. Yellow bark one hundred parts Muriatic acid five parts Water five hundred parts Boil, decant, and repeat process three times with the same proportions of acid and wa- ter; unite decoctions, precipitate with milk of lime, wash and dry the precipitate, treat it several times with boiling alcohol, mix, and filter the solutions, and distil off the spirit. Trousseau. This is said to be as active as the sulphate, and to be less unpleasant to the taste. It is given in the same doses. Tincture of Impure Quinine. R. Impure quinine one ounce Alcohol Distilled water, each, twelve fl. ounces Mix. Piorry. Amorphous Quinine, or Chinoidine. R. Mother waters of sulphate of quinine at will Solution of carbonate of potassa sufficient to precipitate. Wash and dry this preci- pitate, dissolve in sulphuric ether, decant, and evaporate by a gentle heat. Neligan. QUINIiE ACETAS. Acetate of Quinine. R. Quinine two parts Distilled water three parts Heat, and add as much acetic acid as will dissolve the quinine, and render the solu- tion somewhat acid. Filter whilst boiling, and set aside to crystallize. Cottcreau. Acts like the other salts of quinine, and is in no way superior to them. QUINLE ARSENIAS-QUINLE ET HYDRARGYRI-CHLORIDUM. 343 QUININE ARSENIAS. Arseniate or Quinine. R. Arsenic acid one drachm and a-half Distilled water six fl. ounces Quinine five drachms Boil till solution takes place. Filter, let crystallize, and purify by recrystallization. In interarittents; dose, one-fifth of a grain. Bourieres. R QUINI^ CITRAS. Citrate of Quinine. Quinine two parts Distilled water three parts Heat, and add sufficient citric acid to acidulate the mixture ; when a perfect so- lution is effected, filter, and set aside to crystallize. Magendie. The dose is the same as that of the sulphate : in the same cases. Syrup op Citrate op Quinine. R. Acid citrate of quinine, thirty-six grains Simple syrup one pint Mix. Half fl. ounce to fl. ounce, in the twenty-four hours. Magendie. QUINI^ ET FERRI CITRAS. Citrate op Quinine and Iron. See Ferri et Quinise Citras. V, QUININE FERROCYANAS. Ferrocyanate of Quinine. Sulphate of quinine one hundred parts Ferrocyanide of potassa thirty-one parts Distilled water two thousand five hundred parts Boil for a few minutes, let the solution cool; separate the oily compound, and wash it with a little water. Dissolve it in boiling alcohol, and let crystallize. Par. Cod. Said to be more efficacious than any other salt of quinia. Dose, about the same as the sul- phate. Mixture op Ferrocyanate of Qui- nine. R . Ferrocyanate of quinine four grains Alcohol one fl. drachm Dissolve, and add Camphor water seven fl. drachms To be taken as required, shaking the vial. Donovan. Pills of Ferrocyanate op Quinine. R. Ferrocyanate of quinine twenty-four grains Mucilage of gum Arabic sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. Two for a dose. Donovan. QUININE HYDRIODAS. Hydriodate of Quinine. R. Add, by drops, a solution of twenty- four 'parts of iodide of potassium, in eight parts of water, to a strong solution of twenty parts of sulphate of quinine; wash the precipitate quickly, and dry in the shade. Rigliini. In obstinate intermittents and scrofulous af- fections. QUINIA ET FERRI IODI- DUM. Iodide of Quinine and Iron. R. Pour a strong solution of acid sul- phate of quinine into a fresh solution of iodide of iron; collect the precipitate; dry by pressing between blotting paper, and keep it from the air. Bouchardat. QUININE HYDRIODAS IODU- RETA. Ioduretted Hydriodate of Quinine. R. Add a solution of iodide of iron, con- taining a slight excess of iodine, to an acid solution of quinine. Treat the pre- cipitate with boiling alcohol, and filter whilst hot, and set aside to crystallize. Bouchardat. These preparations are useful where an al- terative and tonic are required. QUINIA ET HYDRARGYRI- CHLORIDUM. Double Chloride of Quinine and Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate one part Hydrochlorate of quinine three parts Dissolve separately, in the smallest quan- tity of water; mix the solutions; collect the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDcrmott. Pills of Double Chloride of Qui- nine and Mercury. R. Double chloride of quinine and mercury fifteen grains Opium six grains 344 QUINLE KINAS— QUINIJE SULPHAS. Crumb of bread sufficient Mix, and form thirty pills. One, three times a-day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. QUINI.E KINAS. Kinate of Quinine. R. Alcoholic solution of sul- phate of quinine at will Aqueous solution of kinate of lime sufficient to precipitate ; filter, evaporate ; redissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. Pills of Kinate of Quinine. R. Kinate of quinine Black pepper Extract of worm- wood, each, one drachm Mix, and make sixty pills. Three, every tents. Ronandcr. QUINI.E LACTAS. Lactate of Quinine. R. Lactic acid at will Quinine sufficient to saturate ; leave the solution to evapo- rate spontaneously, in a shallow vessel, in a warm room, till crystals are formed. Bouchardat. Pills of Lactate of Quinine. R . Lactate of quinine half a drachm Extract of juniper sufficient Mix, and make twenty pills. Two to six a-day, in intermittent^. Bouchardat. Mixture of Lactate of Quinine. R. Lactate of quinine seven grains Mint water five fl. drachms Syrup of cloves one fl. drachm Water three and a-half fl. ounces Mix. To be taken in divided doses dur- ing the apyrexia of intermittents. Bouchardat. Syrup of Lactate of Quinine. R. Lactate of quinine fifteen grains Dissolve in Water one fl. ounce Add Sugar two ounces Form syrup. A teaspoonful, in the inter- mittents of children. Bouchardat. QUINI^] MURIAS. Muriate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine one ounce and a-half Chloride of barium half an ounce Dissolve separately, in boiling distilled water; mix the solutions, filter, and eva- porate to crystallization. Guibourt. R. Diluted muriatic acid at will Quinine sufficient to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Dose, from half a grain to a grain. Cottereau. Mixture of Muriate of Quinine. R. Muriate of quinine twelve grains Diluted muriatic acid five minims Distilled water seven fl. ounces Syrup of orange flowers one fl. ounce Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Neligan. R. Muriate of quinine eight grains Fennel water five fl. ounces Muriatic ether one fl. drachm Sugar half an ounce Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Radius. R. Muriate of quinine one scruple Peppermint water one half fl. ounce Mix. Twenty to sixty di-ops, every two hours, in intermittents of children. Radius. QUINIiE NITRAS. Nitrate of Quinine. R. Diluted nitric acid at will Quinine sufficient to saturate; boil with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate, and let crystallize. Taddei. QUINIiE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Quinine. R. Quinine two parts Water three parts Boil, and add Phosphoric acid sufficient to saturate; filter while hot, and let crys- tallize. Turin Ph. QUINIJE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Quinine. R. Yellow bark, in coarse powder, four pounds QULNLE SULPHAS. 345 Muriatic acid three fl. ounces Lime, in powder, five ounces Water five gallons Sulphuric acid Alcohol Animal charcoal, each, sufficient Boil the bark in one-third of the water, with one-third of the muriatic acid, and strain through linen. Repeat this process twice. Mis the decoction, and, whilst hot, gradually add the lime, mixed with two pints of water, stirring constantly, till quinia is precipitated. Wash precipitate with distilled water, press, dry, and digest in boiling alcohol; decant, and repeat, till alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, till a brown, viscid mass remains; add to this half a gallon of distilled water, heat to boiling, and add as much sulphuric acid as will dissolve the impure quinia; then add one ounce and a-half of animal charcoal, boil for two minutes, filter while hot, and set aside to crystallize. If the solution be entirely neutral, acidulate slightly with sulphuric acid; if too acid, add more animal charcoal. Separate the crystals, dissolve them in boiling water a little acidulated with sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, recrystallize ; place the crystals in bibulous paper, and dry by a gentle heat. Treat the mother waters with solution of ammonia, and proceed with the precipitate as before. U. S. Ph. Powder of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of qui- nine three to twelve grains White sugar two drachms Mix, and divide into six powders. Radius. Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and Tartar Emetic. R. Sulphate of quinine ten grains Tartar emetic three grains Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in the apyrexia of obsti- nate intermittents. Gola. Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and Soda. R. Sulphate of quinine one to two grains Carbonate of soda four to five grains Sugar one scruple Mix, and divide into six powders. One, morning and evening, in scrofulous oph- thalmia. Amman. Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and Tartaric Acid. R. Tartaric acid fifteen grains Sulphate of qui- nine one grain and a-half Mix, and add Bicarbonate of soda eighteen grains Sugar half a drachm Mix in water, for one dose. In the apy- rexia of intermittents. Meireu. Powder of Sulphate of Quinine and Morphia. R . Sulphate of quinine two to six grains morphia half to one grain Mix, and divide into four powders. Magendie. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine half a grain Powdered fox- glove a quarter to one grain Powdered fennel six grains Sugar of milk ten grains Mix. To be taken three or four times a-day, in the hectic fever of phthisis. Gunther. R. Sulphate of quinine three grains Opium one grain Glum Arabic Sugar, each, six grains Make a powder. To be taken just before the paroxysm of malignant intermittents. Neuman. R. Sulphate of quinine two grains iron one grain Powdered fennel one scruple Oil of chamomile one drop Mix. To be taken every three hours, in obstinate intermittents. Phoebus. R. Sulphate of quinine quarter of a grain Chocolate seven grains Sugar of milk two grains Mix. To be taken every three hours, in debility of the stomach. Kopp. Pills of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine one ounce Powdered gum Arabic two drachms Syrup sufficient Mix the sulphate and gum, and beat with the syrup, into a mass, and divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. Each pill contains one grain of the sulphate. R. Sulphate of quinine fifteen grains 346 QUINLE SULPHAS. Extract of chamomile fifteen grains Mix, and make six pills. To be taken during the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. Elliotson. Pills of Sulphate op Quinine and Gentian. R. Sulphate of quinine one scruple Extract of gentian two scruples Mix, and make twenty pills. Compound Pills of Sulphate op Quinine. R. Calomel six grains Powdered opium three grains Sulphate of quinine twelve grains Syrup sufiicient Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. One, night and morning, as alter- ative. Ellis. R. Blue pill mass Sulphate of quinine Powdered aloes, each, twelve grains Aromatic syrup of rhubarb sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. One, three or four times a-day. This, or the last combination is suited to the condition following bilious remittent or intermittent fevers. Ellis. R. Sulphate of quinine twelve grains Extract of gentian one scruple Compound rhubarb pill two scruples Blue pill mass six grains Mix, and make twelve pills. One, three times a-day. Ryan. R . Sulphate of quinine ten to fifteen grains Dry phosphoric acid two scruples Powdered mallow root four scruples Extract of centaury sufiicient Mix, and make sixty pills. Three or four pills, two or three times a-day, in nervous debility with tendency to abortion. Radius. R. Powdered camphor one scruple Sulphate of quinine two scruples Pill aloes and myrrh one drachm and a-half Syrup of ginger sufiicient Mix, and make forty pills. One, twice a-day. Copland. Syrup of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine thirty-two grains Distilled water two fl. drachms Alcoholized sulphuric acid six drops Dissolve, and add to Syrup sixteen fl. ounces Par Cod. Syrup of Quinine and Coffee. R. Ground roasted coffee four ounces Boiling water two pints four fl. ounces Make an infusion, let cool, and add Sugar four pounds Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and add Sulphate of quinine one drachm Dissolve in a little water acidulated with sulphuric acid. Bories. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine twenty grains Sulphuric acid one drop "White sugar one drachm Cinnamon water two fl. ounces and a-half Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinine and Coffee. R. Strong infusion of coffee five fl. ounces Sulphate of quinine twenty-four grains Sugar four drachms Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. The coffee conceals the bitterness of the quinine. Tincture of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine one scruple Alcohol half a fl. ounce Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops. Ellis. Compound Tincture of Quinine. R . Sulphate of quinine forty-eight grains Compound tincture of orange peel five and a-half fl. ounces Elixir of vitriol forty-five drops Mix. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. . Copla n < I. Wine of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine twelve grains Madeira wine two pints Dissolve. Dose, one or two fl. ounces. Magendie. Aromatic Wine of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine eighteen grains Citric acid fifteen grains Orange wine twenty-four fl. ounces Mix. Collier. Liniment of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine half a drachm Tartar emetic six grains Extract of opium twelve grains Spirit of camphor eighteen fl. drachms Mix. Three fl. drachms to be rubbed on the epigastrium, three times a day, in in- termittents. Schuster. QUINIZE SULPHO-TARTRAS— RESINA. 347 Ointment of Sulphate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine one ounce Alcohol (-83) Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient Lard four ounces Rub together. Half an ounce to be rub- bed into the groins, in malignant intermit- tents. Antonini. Plaster or Sulphate op Quinine. R six drachms two drachms one drachm one scruple Simple plaster Resin Melt together, and add Sulphate of quinine Oil of cajeput Camphor, each, Mix. To be applied to the epigastrium a prophylactic in cholera. Ammon. Enema op Sulphate op Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine twelve to twenty grains Flaxseed tea four fl. ounces Mix. To be used every four to six hours. Ellis. Dentifrice op Sulphate op Quinine. R . Sulphate of quinine four grains Prepared coral one ounce Carmine lake eight grains Essence of myrrh two drops Mix. Pelletier. Gargle of Sulphate op Quinine. R . Sulphate of quinine twelve grains copper sixteen grains Elixir of vitriol one fl. drachm Water eight fl. ounces Mix. To be used three or four times a-day, in obstinate sore throat. Hartshome. QUINIiE SULPHO-TARTRAS. Sulpho-Tartrate of Quinine. R. Sulphate of quinine four drachms Tartaric acid four drachms and a-half Distilled water two fl. ounces Dissolve. Half a fl. drachm to a drachm, in the course of the day. Righim. QUINI^ TANNAS. Tannate of Quinine. R . Sulphate of quinine Water Diluted sulphuric acid Dissolve, filter, and add Infusion of galls to precipitate and dry it. Found useful in intermittent neuralgia. one part twenty parts sufficient sufficient collect precipitate, wash Greek Ph. QUINIJE TARTRAS. Tartrate of Quinine. R. Quinine two parts Water three parts Mix, boil, and add Tartaric acid sufficient to dissolve the quinine ; filter whilst hot, and let crystallize. Par. God. QUINIiE VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Quinine. R . Fresh precipitated quinine three parts Valerianic acid one part Water sixty parts Mix ; boil ; filter while hot, and let crys- tallize; dry the crystals under 122° F. Wettstein. Said to be more powerful than the sulphate, and not to cause nervous symptoms. It is given in solution, pill, enema, &c. RESINA. Resin. Resin, or as it is vulgarly called Rosin, is the residuum after the distillation of the volatile oil from various species of the Pine tribe. In this state it is Yellow resin, or Colophone, which, when melted and agitated with water, becomes of a whitish color, and forms White resin. Resin, when pure, is yellowish brown, inclining to olive or brown ; it is solid, brittle, of a smooth, and shining fracture ; of faint odor, and a some- what acrid taste. It is principally used in medi- cine as an ingredient in plasters and ointments. 348 RHEUM. Hemostatic Powder. R. Powdered resin four parts gum Arabic charcoal, each, one part Mix. As an application to check exter- nal bleeding. Guibourt. R. Resin two parts Gum Arabic one part Charcoal half a part Pulverize well, and mix. Has proved useful in checking bleeding from wounds, &c. Bonnefoux. Resin Cerate, or Basilicon Oint- ment. R. Resin five ounces Lard eight ounces Yellow wax two ounces Melt together ; strain through linen ; and stir till cool. U. S. Ph. As a stimulant application to blistered sur- faces, burns, ulcers, &c. Compound Resin Cerate. R. Resin Suet Yellow wax, each, one pound Turpentine half a pound Flaxseed oil half a pint Melt together ; strain through linen, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. Known as Deshler's Salve; is rather more stimulating than the last. Resin, or Adhesive Plaster. R. Powdered resin half a pound Lead plaster three pounds Melt the plaster by a gentle heat, and add the resin, mixing well. U. S. Ph. Plaster op St. Andreav. R. White resin eight ounces Elemi two ounces Venice turpentine Oil of bay laurel, each, one ounce Melt together, and strain. An adhesive Foy. RHEUM. Rhubarb. Rhubarb is the product of one or more species of Rheum, but of which, is not known with any certainty. All that is clearly ascertained is, that they grow in the deserts of Tartary. Sex. Syst. Enneand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Poly- gonacea. U. S. Dispens. 587. Griffith, Med. Bot. 539. Two kinds of Rhubarb are usually found in commerce, the Russian or Turkey, and the Chi- nese, the first of which is the most valuable, but the latter is the most generally used, and when good, fulfils all that is required. They both are purgatives, with some tonic and astringent pow- ers, and are much used in various forms of disease. The dose, in substance, to produce a full effect, is from twenty to thirty grains. They are given in a vast variety of forms. Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia. R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple Magnesia ten grains Mix. To be given in syrup, or sugar and water. Ellis. Powder of Rhubarb and Chalk. R. Powdered rhubarb fifteen grains Compound chalk powder twenty-four grains Mix. In the evening, in cardialgia. Foy. Powder of Rhubarb and Sulphate of Potassa. R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm sulphate of potassa two drachms Mix. Ten grains to a drachm, every morning. Fordyce. Compound Powders of Rhubarb. R. Magnesia Cremor tartar Powdered rhubarb chamomile Oleo-sacch. of fennel, each, half an ounce Mix A teaspoonful, twice or thrice a-day 7 in obstructions of the abdominal viscera. Selle. R. Powdered rhubarb thirty grains sulphate of potassa chamomile, each, one drachm Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a-day, in dyspepsia with torpor of the bowels. Ellis. R. Powdered rhubarb four ounces Magnesia one pound Powdered ginger two ounces Mix well, and keep in well-closed bottles. Ed. Ph. A good antacid laxative. Dose, five grains to a drachm, according to age. Roasted Rhubarb. R. Coarsely powdered rhubarb at will Place it in a shallow iron dish, heat regu- larly, so as to scorch the powder, which should be so constantly stirred, that the influence of the heat should be uni- form throughout; when the color has changed to brown, the process is to be stopped, and the rhubarb reduced to fine powder, for use. W. Procter. R. Powdered rhubarb at will RHEUM. 349 Treat in an iron vessel, constantly stirring, till it becomes almost black, then smother it in a covered jar. Dose, five to ten grains, as an astringent in diarrhoea, Pills of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb six drachms Soap two drachms Beat them with water, so as to form a mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. U. S. Ph. Each pill contains three grains. Compound Rhubarb Pills. R. Powdered rhubarb one ounce aloes six drachms myrrh half an ounce Oil of peppermint half a fl. drachm Syrup of orange peel sufficient Beat together into mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills. U. 8. Ph. A warm, tonic laxative, useful in costiveness with debility of the stomach. Dose, two to four a-day. R . Powdered rhubarb one drachm and a-half Sulphate of iron half a drachm Soap two scruples Distilled water sufficient Beat into mass, and divide into forty pills. In similar cases as last, three or four to be taken at bedtime. Griffifls. Pills of Rhubarb and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered rhubarb one scruple ipecacuanha ten grains Opium three grains Oil of cinnamon five drops Gum Arabic sufficient Triturate together, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two or three hours, in dysentery, to relieve tormina and te- nesmus. Chapman. Pills of Rhubarb and Caraway. R. Powdered rhubarb two drachms Syrup one fl. drachm Oil of caraway ten minims Mix, and divide into forty pills. Kitchener. Pills of Rhubarb and Chamomile. R. Powdered rhubarb aloes myrrh Extract of chamomile, each, one drachm Oil of chamomile twelve drops Mix, and divide into sixty pills. These are known as Speediman's pills. Beasley. R. Powdered rhubarb ginger, each, half a drachm Extract of chamomile one drachm Beat together, and divide into thirty pills ; three to be taken before each meal. Have been recommended in dyspepsia and chlo- rosis. A. T. Thomson. Pills of Rhubarb and Soda. R . Powdered rhubarb Carbonate of soda Extract of gen- tian, each, one drachm and a-half Mix, and make sixty pills. Guy's Hosp. R. Powdered rhubarb Dried carbonate of soda Extract of gentian, each ; one scruple Calomel three grains Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. Pills of Rhubarb and Ox Gall. R. Inspissated ox gall G-um ammoniac Powdered rhubarb equal parts Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Leipsie Ph. In constipation, deficiency of bile, &c. Lozenges of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb Cremor tartar, each, two drachms Fresh orange peel half a drachm Sugar, dissolved in Orange-flower water four ounces Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. Beral. Suppository of Rhubarb. R. Extract of rhubarb half a drachm Soap three drachms Powdered rhubarb sufficient Mix, and make three suppositories. Radius. Electuary of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm and a-half Sulphate of potassa one drachm Cremor tartar half an ounce Pulp of tamarinds two ounces Mix. A teaspoonful. Saunders. Infusion of Rhubarb. R. Bruised rhubarb one drachm Boiling water eight fl. ounces Infuse for two hours, and strain. Guibonrt. One or two fl. ounces, every three or four hours, till it operates. R. Bruised rhubarb one ounce Boiling water eighteen fl. ounces Infuse for twelve hours, in a covered ves- sel ; add 350 RHEUM. Spirit of cinnamon two fl. ounces and strain. Dose, as above. Ed. Ph. Alkaline Infusion or Khtjbarb. R. Bruised rhubarb two drachms Carbonate of potassa one drachm Boiling water half a pint Infuse for four hours, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon half a fl. ounce Copland. Extract op Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb fifteen ounces Proof spirit one pint Distilled water seven pints Macerate for four days by a gentle heat ; strain ; set aside to settle ; decant, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dub. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb eight ounces Sugar five ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Powder the rhubarb coarsely, and mix it with its bulk of coarse sand ; moisten the mixture with sufficient of the diluted alco- hol to form a pasty mass ; let stand until the particles have absorbed, and are swol- len by the fluid. Then introduce into a displacer, and shake till uniformly settled, and cover with cloth or paper ; pour on the rest of the alcohol, until the product has but little odor or taste of the root. The tincture thus obtained, is to be eva- porated in a water-bath to five and a-half fl. ounces ; the sugar added ; when the whole should measure eight fl. ounces. Dose, fifteen drops to half a drachm. W. Procter. Syrup of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces Boiling water one pint Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain, then add Sugar two pounds and make syrup. U. S. Ph. Mild cathartic. Dose, for young children, one to two fl. drachms. Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces and a-half Cloves, bruised, Cinnamon, bruised, each, half an ounce Nutmeg, bruised, two drachms Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, and strain; evaporate on water-bath to one pint, and add Syrup previously heated. six pints U. S. Ph. Warm laxative in cases of children. Dose, one fl. drachm, in bowel complaints, to be re- peated every two hours. Syrup of Rhubarb and Senna. R. Bruised rhubarb one ounce Senna two ounces Fennel seed Bruised cinnamon, each, two drachms Boiling water two pints and a-half Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Sugar three pounds Make syrup. Ed. Ph. Tincture of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, three ounces Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, as purgative, half to one fl. ounce; as stomachic and tonic, one to two fl. drachms. Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces Gentian, bruised half an ounce Diluted alcohol two pints U. S. Ph. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. In flatulent colic, &c. Dose, as above. R. Rhubarb, bruised two ounces Gentian, bruised, half an ounce Virginia snake- root one drachm and a-half Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Van Moris. Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. R. Rhubarb, bruised, ton drachms Aloes, powdered, six drachms Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. This was formerly known as Elixir sacrum, and was much used. Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce Senna two drachms Coriander, bruised, Fennel, bruised, each, one drachm Red saunders, rasped, two drachms Saffron Extract of liquorice, each, half a drachm Raisins, stoned, half a pound Diluted alcohol three pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Well known and much used under the name of Warner's gout cordial, as a stomachic and slight purgative. Dose, from half to two fl. ounces. Warner's Cordial. R. Contused rhubarb one ounce Senna naif an ounce Saffron one drachm Fennel seed Coriander, each, two drachms Extract of liquorice four drachms Raisins, pounded, one pound Brandy three pints Mix, and macerate for a week, and strain. Dose, half a wineglassful, in atonic gout, with flatulence. Chapman. Tincture of Rhubarb and Aniseed. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Liquorice root, bruised, each, two ounces Aniseed, bruised, Sugar, each, one ounce Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Copland. Used as the tincture. Alkaline Tincture op Rhubarb. R-. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce and a-half Carbonate of potassa three drachms Boiling water twelve fl. ounces Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon two fl. ounces Prus. Ph. As a mild purgative, where there is acidity of stomach, in doses of half to two fl. ounces. Wine of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces Canella, bruised, one drachm Wine one pint Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally agitating, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A warm, cordial laxative, in doses of one to four fl. drachms. R . Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces and a-half Cardamoms, bruised, half an ounce Saffron two drachms Wine two pints Alcohol eight fl. ounces Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Par. Cod. Used as the last. Wine of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce Gentian, bruised, two drachms Canella one drachm RHffiAS. 351 Wine one pint Macerate for three days, express, and filter. JSwed. Ph. 'Compound Wine of Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Orange peel, bruised, each, half an ounce Wine two pints Macerate for twenty hours, strain, and add Oleo-sacch. of mace one ounce Hoffmann's elixir one drachm As a stomachic, a tablespoonful three times a-day. Phoebus. Rhubarb Mixture. R. Bruised rhubarb one drachm fennel one scruple Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce Manna one ounce Boiling water six fl. ounces Infuse and strain, when cold. As a mild purgative ; one-half to be taken at a dose. Radius. R. Infusion of rhu- barb one fl. drachm and a-half Spirit of hartshorn two fl. scruples Cinnamon water one fl. ounce and a-half _ Syrup of opium six fl. drachms Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in the chronic diarrhoea of young children. Vogt. R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm Carbonate of soda two drachms Tincture of orange peel_ one fl. ounce and a-half Decoction of liquorice ten fl. ounces and a-half Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, three times a-day. Guy's Hosp. R. Powdered rhubarb one drachm Magnesia one drachm and a-half Powdered ginger one scruple Peppermint water one pint Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gregory. R. Powdered rhubarb two scruples Tartrate of potassa one ounce Peppermint water six fl. ounces Tincture of senna _ Syrup of ginger, each, half a fl. ounce Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Brande. RHCEAS. Red Poppy. The Papaver rhwas, or Red Poppy, is a native of Europe, where it is found in great abundance in cultivated grounds, and has become natural- ized in many places in this country. 352 ROSA CANINA— ROSA GALLICA. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papa- veraceoe. Linn. Sp. PL 726. Woodville, Med. Bot. 387. The parts used are the petals; these have a mucilaginous, somewhat bitter taste, and a nar- cotic smell, which latter is lost on drying. Their action on the system is slight, but they are used in Europe in the preparation of a syrup, pre- scribed as an anodyne in the catarrhal affections of children. R. Red poppy petals one pound Water one pint Heat the water on a water-bath, gradually add the petals, remove from the fire, ma- cerate for twelve hours, express, and strain, and add Sugar two pounds and a-half And make syrup. Land. Ph. Infusion op Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals one drachm Boiling water one pint Infuse and strain. To be taken freely, in catarrhal affections. CoUereau. Compound Infusion of Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals two ounces Diluted sulphuric acid fifteen drops Sugar two ounces Decoction of barley one pint Infuse, and strain. Used as above. St. Marie. ROSA CANINA. Dog Rose. This shrub is a native of Europe, growing in hedges and thickets. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Woodville, Med. Bot. 493. The fruit, which is the officinal portion, is smooth, ova], red, and of a pleasant acidulous taste. It is principally used in confection. Confection of Dog Rose. R. Pulp of fruit of dog rose one pound Sugar twenty ounces Heat the pulp gently and gradually, add the sugar, and rub together till well mixed. Lond. Ph. Has been advised in diarrhoea and dysentery, as an astringent, but is principally used as a pill basis. ROSA CENTIFOLIA. Hundred-Leaved Rose. This species, of which there are innumerable varieties, is cultivated in every garden, but its native country is unknown, though probably it is from Persia. The petals are the only part used ; these are fragrant, and have an acidulous, somewhat bit- terish taste. They are slightly laxative, but are principally used for the making of rose water. Rose "Water. R. Fresh hundred-leaved rose petals eight pounds Water two gallons Mix, and distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. Ointment of Rose Water. R. Rose water Oil of almonds, each, two fl. ounces Spermaceti half an ounce White wax one drachm Melt together, on a water-bath, the last three ingredients, and stir in the rose wa- ter till cold. U. S. Ph. Much used, under the name of Cold cream, as a cooling application to irritated surfaces. Rose Lozenges. R. Powdered sugar Rose water, each, six ounces Evaporate gently, to a thick syrup, and add Coarsely powdered sugar one pound Oil of roses one drachm and a-half When dissolved, pour in drops, on a cold, oiled, marble slab, and dry. CoUereau. COLLUTORY OF ROSE WATER. R. Rose water three fl. ounces Cream White of egg Syrup of violets, each, one fl. ounce Mix. St. Marie. Oil of Roses. R. Fresh rose leaves at will Water sufficient to moisten the leaves ; distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Guihou rt. Essence of Roses. R. Pounded rose leaves Alcohol (.874), each, ten parts I Infuse for twenty-four hours, by a gentle heat, and distil. Taddei. Rose Oil. R. Pounded rose leaves one part Olive oil four parts Digest with gentle heat for four days, ex- press, and strain ; repeat process with fresh leaves, a second and third time; separate the water, and filter. Soubeiran. As an application to chilblains and irritated surfaces. ROSA CALLICA. Red Rose. This species is a native of the south of Eu- ROSMARINUS. 353 rope, and is generally cultivated in our gardens. The varieties are very numerous. Linn. Sp. PL 704. Griffith, Med. Bot. 273. The parts used in medicine are the petals of the unexpanded flowers, deprived of their white claws, and dried. In this state they are of a purplish red color ; of an agreeable odor, and bitterish, astringent taste. They have mild as- tringent properties, but are more used as a ve- hicle, than for their own powers. Confection op Hoses. R. Red roses, in powder four ounces Powdered sugar thirty ounces Clarified honey six ounces Rose water eight fl. ounces Rub the roses with the rose water, at a boiling heat ; add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat together. U. S. Ph. Principally used as a pill basis. Acid Infusion of Roses. R. Red roses half an ounce Boiling water forty-eight fl. ounces Diluted sulphuric acid three fl. drachms Digest in a glass vessel for half an hour ; express and strain, and add Sugar one ounce and a-half As a cooling drink, mixed with water. Dub. Ph. Honey of Roses. R. Red roses two ounces Clarified honey two pints Boiling water a pint and a-half Macerate the roses in the water for two hours, and strain ; add the honey, and eva- porate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. As an addition to gargles. ■ Electuary of Roses. R. Confection of roses sixteen parts Syrup of tolu four parts poppy one part Mix. Used as an astringent in bowel affections, in doses of a teaspoonful. Foy. Tincture of Roses. R. Red roses five ounces Alcohol two fl. ounces Rose water eight fl. ounces Digest for four days, express, and filter; digest residuum with half a pint of alcohol for three days; express, filter, and mix the liquors. Squire. Used principally as a perfume. Wine of Roses. R. Red roses one part Red wine sixteen parts Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As an application to indolent ulcers. JBeral. 23 Compound Vinegar of Roses. R. Red roses one ounce and a half Sumach leaves one ounce Wine of quinces four fl. ounces Vinegar of red wine ten fl. ounces Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. As an application to contusions, and as a stypic. Van Mons. Syrup of Red Roses. R. Red roses two ounces Boiling water one pint Sugar twenty ounces Macerate the rose leaves in the water for twelve hours, strain, evaporate, add sugar, and form syrup. Ed. Ph. ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. This is the Rosmarinus officinalis, a small ever- green shrub, a native of the south of Europe,, and generally cultivated in gardens elsewhere. Sea;. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- Linn. Sp. PL 33. Griffith, Med. Bot. 507. The officinal portions are the flowering ex- tremities. These have a fragrant odor, and a bitter, pungent taste. Rosemary is stimulant and carminative, but is principally employed as an aromatic addition to lotions and liniments, as an ingredient in articles of perfumery. Aromatic Bath. R. Rosemary Thyme Sage Origanum Mint, each, half a pound Boiling water six pints Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Essence of soap four ounces Muriate of ammonia two ounces Pour the whole into water sufficient for a bath. Foy. In chronic rheumatism, cutaneous affections, dyspepsia, &c. Aromatic Fomentation. R. Rosemary half an ounce Red wine Water, each, three fl. ounces Infuse, and express. As a fomentation in contusions. Augustin. Aromatic Vinegar. Rosemary Sage, each, Lavender Cloves Vinegar one ounce one ounce and a-half half a drachm two pints 354 Infuse for eight days, and strain lotion in contusions, strains, &c. Spiel/man. Tincture op Kosemary. R. Rosemary one part Spirit of rosemary four parts Macerate, express, and filter. Brunsic. Ph. Oil op Rosemary. R. Rosemary at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Principally used in stimulating liniments, but sometimes given as carmina- tive in doses of two or three drops. U. S. Ph. Rosemary Oil. R. Rosemary one part Olive oil three parts Heat till the water has evaporated, express, and strain. As a stimulating application. Span. Ph. Spirit op Rosemary. R. Oil of rosemary two drachms Alcohol one gallon Water one pint Mix, and distil one gallon, by a slow fire. U. S. Ph. As an ingredient in lotions, and liniments, &c. Hungary Water. R. Rosemary three parts Lavender one part Diluted alcohol six parts Water twelve parts Mix, and distil three-fourths. Used as a perfume. Van Mom. RUBIA— RUBUS VILLOSUS — ♦ — As a RUBIA. Madder. The Rubia tinctonim or Madder is a perennial plant, native of the south of Europe, and exten- sively cultivated in many countries for the sake of its roots, which are used in dying reds. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubi- aceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 158. Griffith, Med. Bot. 382. The root is the officinal portion, and as found in commerce, is in long, cylindrical pieces, about as thick as a quill, of a deep red or brown color. It has a peculiar and unpleasant odor, and a bit- terish, astringent taste. It was much used for- merly as a diuretic, but is at present but seldom prescribed, except as an emmenagogue, for which purpose it is highly spoken of by many practi- tioners. Compound Powder of Madder. R. Powdered madder sugar, each, two drachms Powdered sulphate of potassa half an ounce Mix well. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in rachitis. Radius. Decoction op Madder. R. Powdered madder one ounce Boiling water one pint Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add Bruised cloves one drachm When cool, strain. A wineglassful every three hours, a short time previous to the expected time of the menstrual discharge. Dewees. R . Powdered madder one ounce mace two drachms Water one pint and a-half Boil down to one pint, strain, and add Aromatic tincture two fl. drachms Syrup of citric acid two fi. ounces Dose, three fl. ounces, three or four times a-day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, &c. Swediaur. R. Powdered madder half an ounce hops one drachm English walnut leaves three Water two pints Boil down to a pint and a-half, strain, and add Tincture of tartrate of iron a teaspoonful Advised in scrofula, in doses of two ounces, night and morning. St. Marie. RUBUS TRIVIALIS. Dewberry. RUBUS VILLOSUS. Blackberry. These two species of shrubby plants are very common in the United States, and are well known for their pleasant fruit. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. Torrey and Gray, i. 454, 455. Griffith, Med. Bot. 275, 276. The officinal portions are the roots ; these are identical in their effects; they have a very faint odor, and a bitter, astringent taste. The smaller are to be preferred. They are efficient, but mild astringents, and have been found very useful in a relaxed condition of the bowels. Decoction op Blackberry Root. R. Small roots of blackberry one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day, in diarrhoea, &c. RUTA— SABADILLA. 355 Syrup or Blackberry. R. Juice of blackberries twenty ounces Sugar three pounds Boil, and strain. Said to be very useful in dysentery. KUTA. Rue. The only species recognized in medicine is the Ruta graveokns, a small shrub with glaucous leaves and yellow flowers, a native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ruta- Linn. Sp. PL 523. Griffith, Med. Bot. 189. The leaves are the part usually employed; they have a nauseous odor, and a bitter, acrid, disagreeable taste. They are stimulant and an- tispasmodic, and have been much used as an emmenagogue and vermifuge. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains, two or three times a-day. Confection op Rue. R. Dried rue Caraway Laurel berries, each, one ounce and a-half Sagapenum half an ounce Black pepper two drachms Clarified honey sixteen ounces Mix. Dub. Ph. It is used as antispasmodic, in the form of an enema made with a scruple to a drachm, mixed with half a pint of warm, mucilaginous fluid. Extract op Rue. R. Dried rue two pounds Alcohol (-927) seven pints Exhaust the rue by the process of dis- placement, distil the tincture, and evapo- rate the residue. Wert. Ph. Mixture op Rue and Squill. R. Juice of rue leaves one ounce Oxymel of squill half an ounce Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in hys- teric affections. Pierqidn. Syrup op Rue. R. Coarsely powdered sugar fifteen ounces Tincture of rue two fl. ounces Distilled water seven fl. ounces Dissolve, and strain. Beral. Tincture op Rue. R. Expressed juice of rue Alcohol (.847), each, four fl. ounces Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four hours. Beral. Mixture op Rue. R. Rue Savin Wormwood, each, three drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse, strain, and add Castor oil half an ounce As an injection, in cases of ascarides. Radius. s SABADILLA. Cevadilla. This article is the seed of one or more plants belonging to the natural order of Melanthacese ; the U. S. Ph. attributes it to Veratrum sabadilla, and the Lond. Ph. to Hehnias (Asagrsca) officinale. The Cevadilla of the shops consists of folli- cles, seeds, &c. The first are ovate, oblong, acuminate, of a pale, yellowish-brown color, and n thin, papery consistence. The seeds arc small, curved, acuminate, shining, wrinkled, and of a blackish-brown color. They have very little odor, but their taste is bitter and acrid. These seeds are a drastic emeto-cathartic, and have been used as an anthelmintic, and in nervous diseases, &c. ; but are principally used in the preparation of veratria. The dose is from five to ten grains, in powder; but it should always be given with much caution. Compound Powder op Cevadilla. R. Powdered cevadilla two grains Sulphate of iron one grain Powdered semen contra Magnesia, each, half a scruple Mix. To be given four times a-day, in cases of tenia. Radius. Tincture of Cevadilla. R. Seeds of cevadilla, bruised, at will Alcohol sufficient to cover them; digest for ten days, and filter. As a lotion in rheumatism. Turiibidl. Extract of Cevadilla. R. Tincture of cevadilla at will Evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, 356 SABBATIA— SABINA. one-sixth of a grain, as a substitute for veratria in tic douloureux, &c. Turnbull. Ointment op Cevadilla. R. Powdered cevadilla four ounces mustard pellitory, each, two ouuces Lard thirty-two ounces Mix well. To destroy lice. Cod. Par. Ointment op Extract op Cevadilla. R. Extract of ceva- dilla fifteen to twenty grains Lard one ounce Mix well. As a substitute for veratria ointment, but not as efficient. Turnbull. Capuchin Powder. R. Powdered cevadilla stavesacre parsley seed tobacco equal parts Mix. To destroy vermin in the hair. Nieman. SABBATIA. American Centaury. The Sabbatia angularis is a small annual, or biennial, plant, growing in abundance in vari- ous parts of the United States, having numerous rose-colored flowers, which appear in July and August. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gen- tianaceee. Pursh, i. 137. Griffith, Med. Bot. 45S. The whole plant is officinal. It is a pure bit- ter, with no astringency or aroma. Infusion of American Centaury. R. American centaury one ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse ; when cool, strain. Dose, a wine- glassful, every two hours, as a tonic. Chapman. Tincture op American Centaury. R. American centaury one part Alcohol four parts Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. Extract of American Centaury. R. American centaury one part Alcohol four parts Subject the herb to two or three infusions in the alcohol ; heat to boiling ; unite the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evapo- rate the residue. SABINA. Savine. Savine is the tops of Juniperus sabince, a small tree or shrub, a native of the south of Europe, somewhat resembling tbe red cedar in its foli- age. Sex. Syst. Dioecia monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pi- naceas. Linn. Sp. PI. 1472. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. The tips of the branches are officinal. These when dried have a bitter, acrid taste, and an unpleasant odor. Savine is an active stimulant, acting powerfully on the skin and uterus. It also acts as an external irritant. The dose of the powder is from five to fifteen grains, three or four times a-day. Powder of Savine and Ginger. R. Powdered savine ginger, each, one drachm Sulphate of potassa two drachms Mix, and divide into six powders. One, to be taken twice a-day, in anienorrhcea. Ellis. Powder of Savine and Spanish Flies. R. Powdered savine one drachm Spanish flies two grains Mix, and divide into four powders. One, at bedtime, in anienorrhcea. Ellis. Powder of Savine and Verdigris. R. Powdered savine verdigris equal parts Mix. As an escharotic to venereal warts. J. Hunter. Powder of Savine and Pinkroot. R. Powdered pinkroot senna, each, two scruples savine twelve grains Mix, and divide into six powders. An- thelmintic. One, every morning, till three are taken, then a dose of castor oil. If required, repeat. Ellis. Pills of Savine. R. Extract of savine half an ounce Powdered savine two drachms Oil of savine sufficient Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Four, three times a-day, as an emmena- gogue. Nieman. Extract of Savine. R. Powdered savine two pounds Alcohol seven pints Exhaust the savine by the process of dis- placement ; distil off the alcohol, and eva- porate the residue. Par. Cod. SACCHARUM— SAGO. Oil of Savine. R. Savine at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Guibourt. A powerful stimulant, emmenagogue, and ru- befacient. Dose, two to five drops. Infusion of Savine. R. Savine one drachm Boiling water eight fl. ounces Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Pereira. R. Savine one drachm Camphor six grains Boiling water five fl. ounces Infuse, and strain. Horn. Tincture of Savine. R. Savine one part Alcohol four parts Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. Soubeiran. Compound Tincture of Savine. R. Extract of savine one ounce Tincture of castor sixteen fl. ounces Tincture of myrrh eight fl. ounces Digest till dissolved. As an emmenagogue. Lond. Ph., 1788. R. Compound tincture of savine one fl. ounce Tincture of black hellebore half a fl. ounce castor two fl. drachms Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day. Ellis. Savine Cerate. R. Powdered savine two ounces Resin cerate one pound Melt the cerate, and mix in the savine. U. S. Ph. As a dressing to keep up the discharge of blisters, &c. Savine Ointment. R. Powdered savine Lard equal parts Mix. As an application to venereal warts. Radius. SACCHARUM. Sugar. Sugar i3 procured from the Saccharum qfficina- rum and other species, and is used in several forms, as molasses, brown, and refined sugar, the latter of which only is recognized in the U. S. Pharm. Syrup. R. Sugar two pounds and a-half 357 Water one pint Dissolve the sugar in the water, by the aid of heat, remove any scum that may form, and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. Caramel or Burnt Sugar. R. Sugar at will Place in a shallow vessel, and heat over a gentle fire, till it assumes a dark brown color. Used as a coloring for spirits, &c. Gray. SAGAPENUM. Sagapenum. This is a gum resin, derived most probably from some plant belonging to the Apiaceas. It is in irregular masses composed of cohering fragments, of a yellowish brown, olive, or red- dish yellow color, of a waxy consistence ; of a somewhat alliaceous odor, and a pungent, bitter- ish, unpleasant taste. It is a mild stimulant, somewhat resembling assafetida in its properties, but inferior to it. It has been used as an em- menagogue and antispasmodic, but it is now seldom prescribed internally, but is still employed as an external application as a descutient. Compound Sagapenum Pills. R. Sagapenum one ounce Aloes half a drachm Syrup of ginger sufficient Beat together. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Lond. Ph. As a stimulant, antispasmodic laxative, in flatulent colic, &c. SAGrO. Sago. This is the prepared fecula of the pith of various species of Palmaceae and Cycadacea?. It is prepared in two forms, meal and pearl sago, the latter of which is most generally employed. This is in small, hard, whitish or brownish grains, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous taste. It is insoluble in cold water, but by long boiling forms a glutinous solution. It is nutritive, easily digestible, and forms an excellent article of diet for the sick and convalescents. Sago Mucilage. R. Sago one ounce Water one pint Macerate by a gentle heat, for two hours, then boil for fifteen minutes, stirring con- tinually, till the grains are perfectly dis- solved, add sugar or flavoring, according to circumstances. A. T. Thomson. Sago Posset. R. Sago Water two ounces two pints 358 SALICINA— SALVIA. Macerate for two hours, by a gentle heat, then boil, till a mucilage is formed; then rub half an ounce of sugar on the rind of a lemon, add this and one fl. drachm of tincture of ginger to half a pint of sherry wine, pour the whole into the sago muci- lage, and boil for five minutes. Useful in convalescence to restore strength. A wineglassful to be taken every four or five hours. A. T. Thomson. Sago Milk. R. Sago one ounce Water one pint Macerate for half an hour, then add Milk one pint and a-half Boil slowly, till the sago is perfectly dis- solved. A. T. Tlwmson. SALICINA. Salicin. R . Decoction of willow bark at will Treat with slaked lime, filter, and evapo- rate to consistence of syrup; add alcohol, again filter, evaporate, and let crystallize ; wash the crystals with cold water. Cottereau. Dose, four to six grains every three hours, in apyrexia of intermittent. Pills op Salicin. R. Salicin Extract of gentian, each, twelve grains Liquorice powder sufficient Mix, and make six pills. Foy. Compound Salicin Pills. R. Salicin one scruple Compound rhubarb pill two scruples Mix, and make twelve pills. Beasley. Compound Powder op Salicin. R. Salicin two scruples Aromatic powder one drachm Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Neligan. R. Salicin fifteen grains Tartar emetic one grain Powdered sugar fifty grains Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, thrice a-day. Kfombolz. SALIX. Willow. Many species of willow have been used in medicine, and are recognized in the different Pharmacopoeias ; that admitted by the TJ. S. Ph. is the Sali.v alba, a small tree, a native of Eu- rope, but extensively cultivated in the United States. Sex. Syst. Dioecia diand. Nat. Syst. SabicacefP. Linn. Sp. PL 1449. Lindley, Flor. Med. 3 IS. The officinal portion is the bark ; this is in thin, flexible, fibrous pieces, of a brown color. It has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and an astrin- gent, bitter taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used as a substitute for Peruvian bark. Compound Powder op Willow Bark. R. Powdered willow bark horsechestnut bark gentian calamus avens root equal parts m doses. Hufeland. Willow Bark Dentiprice. R. Powdered willow bark charcoal, each, half an ounce Extract of myrrh two drachms Balsam of Peru half a scruple Oil of cinnamon three drops Triturate well together. Phoebus. Decoction op Willow Bark. R . Contused willow bark one ounce and a-half Water fifteen fl. ounces Boil down to one-half. Nieman. Ointment op Willow Leaves. R. Expressed juice of willow leaves two fl. ounces Lard sufficient Mix, and heat till moisture is driven off. Useful as a dressing to foul ulcers. Hufeland. SALVIA, Sage. Though many species of Salvia possess an- alogous remedial properties, one only is recog- nized by the U. S. Ph., — the Salvia officinalis, a perennial plant, native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens, flower- ing in June, at which time it should be collected. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat . Syst. Lamiacese. Linn. S. PL 34. Griffith, Med. Bot. 505. The leaves are the officinal portion. These have a strong, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitter- ish, aromatic, somewhat astringent taste. Sage is stimulant, with some astringent and tonic powers. It is principally used in the composi- tion of gargles, and is also said to abate the ex- cessive sweats in hectic fever. The dose, in pow- der, is from twenty to thirty grains. Inpusion op Sage. R. Sage half an ounce Boiling water two pints Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Sugar SAMBUCUS-SANGUINARIA. 359 and lemon juice may be added, according to circumstances. As a drink in fevers. Ellis. Compound Infusion op Sage. R. Sage Boneset, each, half an ounce Cascarilla one drachm Water one pint and a-half Infuse till cold, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful every three or four hours. In hectic fever. Ellis. Gargle op Sage. R. Infusion of sage one pint Diluted sulphuric acid two drachms Honey of roses one ounce Mix. In relaxation of the uvula, &c. Radius. R. Infusion of sage two pints Tincture of Peruvian bark Syrup of mulber- ries, each, half a fl. ounce Spirit of horseradish one drachm Mix. More active than the last. Cadet. Vinegar of Sage. R. Sage Vinegar Mix, and distil four parts. As a gargle, mixed with water. one part six parts Beral. SAMBUCUS. Elder. The species recognized by the U. S. Ph., is the Sambucus Canadensis, which appears to be perfectly identical in properties with the Euro- pean kind, the S. nigra. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Capri- foliacese. Willd. Sp. PI. 1494. The officinal portion is the flowers, but the berries, bark, and leaves are also used. The flowers have a faint but peculiar odor when dried, and a bitterish taste. They are slightly stimulant and diaphoretic. The berries are dia- phoretic and laxative ; the bark acts as a hydra- gogue purgative, as do also the leaves. Elder Flower Water. R. Fresh elder flowers ten pounds Proof spirit seven fl. ounces Water two gallons Mix, and distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. Principally used as a flavoring ingredient in mixtures and emulsions. Vineoar op Elder Flowers. R . Elder flowers one part Vinegar of red wine twelve parts Macerate for eight days, express, and fil- ter. As a gargle. Soubeiran. Gargle op Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers Boiling water Infuse, strain, and add Nitrate of potassa Tincture of burnet Oxymel Mix. Extract of Elder Berries. R . Elder berries one pound Bruise them in a mortar; express the juice, and evaporate to due consistence. Dub. Ph. Has been praised in rheumatic, gouty, eruptive affections; in doses of one to drachms. Mixture of Extract of Elder one ounce one pint half an ounce three fl. drachms two fl. ounces Saunders. and four R. Extract of elder berries Pulp of prunes Syrup of red poppies, each, two ounces Nitrate of potassa one drachm Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a-day, in asthma. St. Marie. Decoction op Elder Bark. R. Elder bark three handfuls Water two pints Boil to one-half. Half a pint, morning and evening, in dropsy. Sydenham. Ointment of Elder Leaves. R. Fresh elder leaves three pounds Lard four pounds Suet two pounds Boil the leaves in the lard till crisp ; ex- press ; strain ; add the suet, and melt. Dub. Ph. As a cooling application. Ointment of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers Lard equal parts Melt, and continue heat, till all moisture is driven off, and express. Beral. Used as the last. SANGUINARIA. Bloodroot. This is the rhizome of the Sanguinaria Cana- densis, popularly known as bloodroot or puccoon. It is a small, herbaceous perennial, flowering at the very commencement of the spring, at which time the leaf is small, but attains a large size during the summer. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papa- vcracese. Linn. Sp. Pi. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 127. The root is horizontal, abrupt, often contorted, of a reddish brown color, externally, and of a SAPO— SAPO VULGARIS. bright orange red within. When dried it is some- what flattened, much wrinkled and twisted, of a reddish brown color externally, and of a bright orange within, becoming brown by exposure. The powder is brownish red. It has a faint narcotic odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, which is very persistent. It is an acrid emetic, with narcotic and stimulant properties. Dose, as an emetic, from ten to twenty grains; for other pur- poses, from one to five grains. Pills of Bloodroot. R. Powdered bloodroot one drachm Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. One to two as alterative, &c, five to ten as an emetic. Infusion of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot half an ounce Boiling water one pint Infuse for two hours. Dose, half to one fl. ounce. Beaslcy. Tincture of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, bruised, four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. 8. Ph. As emetic, three or four fl. drachms; as ex- pectorant, alterative, &c, thirty to sixty drops. SAPO. Soap. Soaps are all combinations of animal or vege- table ©ils, with one or more of the alkalies ; they are principally used for washing, but some of them are officinal. SAPO DURUS. Hard Soap. This is officinal under the name of Sapo, in the U. S. and Lond. Phs., and is a combination of olive oil and soda. Spanish, or Castile Soap. This is the officinal soap of the U. S. Ph., and presents two varieties, the white and the marbled, the first of which only should be used. SAPO MOLLIS. Soft Soap. This soap is a combination of olive or other vegetable oils and potassa, or animal oils with the same alkali. SAPO VULGARIS, Common Soap, Is a hard soap, made from tallow and caustic 'Besides these officinal soaps, there are many others, which are used medicinally, or for cleans- ing purposes. Almond Soap. R. Caustic solution of soda one thousand parts Oil of almonds two thousand one hundred parts Mix, and keep the mixture for some days, at a temperature of 68° F., stirring from time to time, until it acquires the consist- ence of a soft paste; place in moulds until dry. It should not be used for medicinal purposes, until it has been exposed to the action of the air for a month or two. Par. Cod, Beef Marrow Soap. R. Purified beef marrow five hundred parts Caustic solution of soda two hundred and fifty parts Common salt one hundred parts Water one thousand parts Put the marrow, with hot water, into a porcelain vessel, and heat, until it is melted ; then add the solution of caustic soda, by degrees, constantly stirring, till saponifica- tion is complete; then add the salt, slightly stirring, collect the soap which rises, drain it, melt it by a gentle heat, pour into moulds, and allow it to solidify. Par. Cod, Soap of Turpentine. Starkey's Soap. R. Dry carbonate of potassa Oil of turpentine Venice turpentine equal parts Triturate the potassa with the oil, and then with the turpentine, when the mass has attained a proper consistence. Preserve in an earthenware vessel. Ratkr. Was supposed to be a corrector of the injuri- ous effects of opium, hellebore, &c. It is now principally given in gonorrhoea and dropsy. Dose, eight to ten grains. Aromatic Soap. R. Concentrated solution of soap six ounces Oil of bergamot lavender rosemary, each, two drachms Mix. Employed in baths, as tonic and antispasmodic. ' Niemann. Camphorated Soap. R. "White soap sixteen ounces Boiling water eight ounces Olive oil six ounces Powdered camphor one drachm Dissolve the soap in the water, evaporate gently to the consistence of a soft paste, add the camphor incorporated in the oil, mix well, and pour into moulds. Said to be useful in chaps and excoria- tions. Wetzler. Cosmetic Soap Powder. R. White soap twelve ounces Carbonate of potassa two ounces Powdered orris root three ounces horse-chestnuts two pounds Oil of lavender bergamot, each, forty drops lemon thirty drops cloves ten drops Sugar half an ounce Mix, and form a powder. Niemann. Arsenical Soap. R. Arsenious acid two pounds Carbonate of potassa twelve ounces Camphor five ounces White soap two pounds Powdered lime eight ounces Pteduce each to powder, and mix. Used as a preservative for specimens of natural history against the attacks of insects. Known as Beconi's arsenical soap. Gannal. Saponine. (For cleaning gloves.') R. Powdered soap two hundred and fifty parts Solution of chloride of po- tassa one hundred and sixty-five parts Solution of ammonia ten parts Water one hundred and fifty-five parts Mix, and form a paste: a small portion rubbed on a glove with a piece of flannel will cleanse it. Duvignan. Grease Balls. R. Fuller's earth two pounds four ounces Carbonate of soda Soap, each, eight ounces Add, Yolks of eggs eight Well beaten with Ox gall eight ounces Levigate thoroughly, form into cakes or balls, and dry. Lenormand. Bolus of Soap. R. White soap two scruples Oil of caraway two or three drops Byrup sufficient Mix, and make two boluses. They are purgative. Swediaur. Pills op Soap. R. White soap one hundred and twenty- five parts SAPO VULGARIS. 361 Marsh mallow root, powdered, sixteen parts Nitrate of potassa four parts Beat together till well incorporated, and divide into four-grain pills. Par. Cod. Pills op Soap and Ox Gall. R. Powdered white soap two drachms Extract of ox gall one drachm Mix, and incorporate Powdered guaiacum Calomel, each, half a drachm Powdered guaiacum wood sufficient Mix, and make four-grain pills. In gout, one to two, morning and evening. Vicq. UAzir. Compound Soap Pills. R. White soap three drachms Ammoniac Rhubarb, each, one drachm Aloes ten grains Assafetida Saffron, each, thirty-six grains Mix, and make three-grain pills. Purga- tive and alterative; four to six a-day. Recamier. Electuary op Soap, &c. R. White soap one drachm and a-half Venice turpentine one drachm Seneka Marsh mallow, each, two drachms Rob of juniper sufficient Mix. Four teaspoonfuls a-day. Yogt. Essence of Soap. R. White soap twenty-four parts Distilled water thirty-two parts Alcohol (.923) sixty-four parts Carbonate of potassa one part Essence of lemons sufficient Dissolve the soap in the water and alco- hol ; add the potassa and essence, and fil- ter. Used for the toilette. Soubeiran. Camphorated Essence of Soap. R. White soap three parts Camphor one part Spirit of rosemary sixteen parts Dissolve the camphor, and then the soap, in the spirit. As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, &c. Guibourt. Ethereal Solution of Soap. R. Beef marrow soap one part Acetic ether five parts Dissolve by aid of a water-bath. Used as an embrocation in rheumatic pains, &c. Foy. Camphorated Acetic Balsam of Soap. R. Common soap Camphor, each, one drachm 362 SARSAPARILLA. Acetic ether one ounce Oil of thyme ten drops Dissolve the soap in the ether with the aid of heat ; add the camphor, then the oil, and filter. Used as above. Cotter eau. Cataplasm op Soap. R. Common soap four drachms Roasted onion Mustard, each, two ounces Water sufficient Heat together, and mix into a cataplasm. As a maturating application to boils, ab- scesses, &c. Foy. Soap Suppository. R. Soap two ounces Common salt one ounce Honey sufficient Mis, and form into conical suppositories, and oil them on the surface. Spielmann. Clyster op Soap. R. Barley water six ounces White soap one drachm Honey six drachms Mix, and dissolve. Brera. Soap of Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil two ounces Caustic soda two drachms Water five drachms Dissolve the soda in the water, and mix the solution with the oil. IODURETTED SOAP OF COD LlVER OlL. R . Soap of cod liver oil one ounce Iodide of potassium one drachm Water one drachm Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap. Deschamps. Soap, with Sulphur. R. Soap Sulphur, each, four ounces Oil of bergamot half a drachm Water sufficient Beat together. As an application in itch. Frank. Itch Ointment. R. Brown soap one ounce Common salt Sulphur, each, half an ounce Alcohol one fl. drachm Vinegar two fl. drachms Chloride of lime half a drachm Rub well together. One-fourth to be used night and morning, as a friction. It is effectual, cheap, and inoffensive. Emory. SARSAPARILLA. Sarsaparilla. This is the officinal name for the roots of several species of Smilax found in Mexico and various parts of South America. These roots are known in commerce by names of the places from whence they are shipped, as Honduras, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, &c. Sarsaparilla, as found in commerce, is in pack- ages, composed of dried roots, several feet in length, about the thickness of a quill, more or less wrinkled, of an ash gray to a dark brown color externally, and white to brownish within. The odor is slight but peculiar, the taste is at first mucilaginous, but finally somewhat acrid. It is considered alterative and tonic, but its real action is not well understood. The dose, in powder, is half a drachm to a drachm, three or four times a-day. Powder of Sarsaparilla and Peru- vian Bark. R. Powdered sarsaparilla one ounce Peruvian bark three drachms Carbonate of soda two drachms Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, thrice a-day, as an alterative. Clinc. Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, one ounce Boiling water one pint Digest for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. One to four fl. ounces, three times a-day. Alkaline Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces Liquorice root, bruised, one ounce and a-half Solution of potassa one fl. ounce and a-half Boiling water five pints and a-half Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, from eight fl. ounces to one pint daily. As alterative. St. Geo. Hosp. Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sliced sarsaparilla five ounces Boiling distilled water four pints Macerate for four hours in a covered ves- sel, remove sarsaparilla, bruise it, return it to liquor, and macerate for two hours, and boil down to two pints, then strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, four to six fl. ounces a-day. Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, six ounces Bark of sassafras, sliced, Guaiacuni wood, rasped Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce Mezereon, sliced, three drachms Water four pints SARSAPARILLA. Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. U. S. Ph. As an alterative and diaphoretic, in secondary syphilis, cutaneous affections, &c. Dose, four to six fl. ounces, a-day. Feltz's Decoction op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla three ounces half an ounce a, bruised Isinglass Crude antimony (tied in a rag) three drachms Water five pints Boil to two pints and a-half, and strain Vinache's Decoction oe Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, China root, bruised, Guaiacum wood, rasped, each, one ounce and a-half Crude antimony (in a rag) two ounces Water six pints Macerate for twelve hours, boil to three pints, and add Sassafras bark, sliced, Senna, each, half an ounce Infuse for an hour, strain, let settle, and decant. Foy. Lisbon Diet Drink. R. Guaiacum wood, rasped, one ounce Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces Mezereon, sliced, half an ounce Crude antimony (in a rag) two ounces Water twelve pints Boil down to eight pints, and add Red saunders, rasped, White sandal, rasped, each, three ounces Rose wood, rasped, Sassafras bark, sliced, each, one ounce Liquorice root, sliced, half an ounce Infuse for four hours, strain, and add syrup according to taste. Foy. Dose, a pint to two pints a-day. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, four ounces Dried walnut peel four ounces Guaiacum, rasped, one ounce and a-half Crude antimony (in a rag) half an ounce Water four pints Boil down to three pints. Pearson. Zittman's Decoction. R . Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces Spring water fifty-six pints Macerate for twenty-four hours, and in- troduce, tied up in a rag. Styptic powder (four parts alum and one of kino) one ounce and a-half Calomel half an ounce Cinnabar one drachm Boil down to eighteen pints, and add Aniseed Fennel seed, each, half an ounce Senna three ounces Liquorice root one ounce and a-half Strain, and put aside as strong decoction. Add to the residue Sarsaparilla, bruised, six ounces Spring water fifty-six pints Boil down to eighteen pints, and add Lemon peel Cinnamon Cardamoms Liquorice root, each, three drachms Strain, and label, Weak decoction. To be given freely in the treatment of syphilitic and cutaneous affections, in chronic rheu- matism, &c. Jauperand's Decoction R. Bruised sarsaparilla China root Crude antimony, each, Carbonate of potassa Senna Sassafras, sliced, each, Rhubarb Peruvian bark, each, Water Boil by a gentle fire for eight hours, till twelve pints of decoction are obtained. Let stand for some time, and strain. Ad- vised in scrofula, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. Bories. Extract op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, one pound Diluted alcohol four pints Proceed as directed for alcoholic extract of aconite. U. S. Ph. and Par. God. Dose, from ten to twenty grains, three or four times a-day. Fluid Extract op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, sixteen ounces Liquorice root, bruised, Guaiacum wood, rasped, Sassafras bark, sliced, each, two ounces Mezereon, sliced, six drachms Diluted alcohol, eight pints Digest for fourteen days, strain, express, and filter. Evaporate in water-bath to twelve fl. ounces, add eight ounces of sugar, and remove from fire when this is dis- solved. Dose, one fl. drachm, three or four times a-day. IK Hodgson. Essence op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, ten ounces two ounces one drachm half an ounce sufficient 364 SARSAPARILLA. Distilled water sis pints Macerate at a temperature of 120° for six hours, and strain ; repeat with same quan- tity of water. Mix the liquors, evaporate in china vessels, at 160°. If reduced to ten fl. ounces (or to nine fl. ounces, with one fl. ounce of spirit added), one fl. drachm mixed with seven fl. drachms, is equal to the decoction of usual strength. If reduced to five fl. ounces, one fl. drachm is equal to two fl. ounces of decoction. Hming. R. Alcoholic extract of sarsa- parilla one pound Sherry wine three pints Dissolve and filter. Half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, mixed with a quart of water, is equal to the decoction. Beral. Compound Essence of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, eight ounces Boiling water sufficient to exhaust the root, by successive macera- tions; unite the liquors, and evaporate to ten fl. ounces ; strain, and add, when cool, Alcohol (.842) Tincture of guaia- cum, each, four fl. drachms White wine one fl. ounce Essence of sassafras twelve drops Extract of liquorice two drachms Filter. Dose, a spoonful, morning and evening, in some convenient vehicle. Cadet. Syrup of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, fifteen ounces Boiling water one gallon Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to four pints, strain, and add Sugar fifteen ounces And evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. R. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla six ounces Water four pints Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, and add Sugar eight pounds Dissolve whilst hot. Beral. Each fl. ounce is equal to fifteen grains of the extract. Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds Guaiacum wood, rasped, three ounces Hundred-leaved roses Senna Liquorice root, bruised, each ; two ounces Oil of sassafras Oil of anise, each, five minims Oil of partridgeberry three minims Diluted alcohol ten pints Sugar eight pounds Macerate the first five ingredients in the alcohol for fourteen days, express, and filter; evaporate the tincture to four pints, filter, add the sugar, and form a syrup; then, having rubbed the oils with a little of the syrup, mix well with the remainder. U. S. Ph. R. Sarsaparilla two pounds Bittersweet Pipsissewa, each, half a pound Guaiacum Liquorice root, each, four ounces Sassafras Partridgeberry leaves, each, two ounces Sugar twelve pounds Reduce the ingredients to a coarse powder, macerate them in diluted alcohol, 18° B. for two days, put in a displacement appara- tus, and displace slowly until two gallons of liquid have passed. Evaporate on a water- bath till reduced to six pints, then add the sugar, and form a syrup. Staples. Dose, half a fl. ounce, three or four times a-day. Syrup of Laffecteur. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, Marsh reed grass, each, thirty ounces Borage flowers eight ounces Senna White roses, each, two ounces Sugar Honey, each, six pounds Water eighteen pints Boil the first two ingredients in half the water for an hour, strain off the decoction, and repeat the process with the remainder of the water, and boil two hours; towards close, add the senna, rose leaves, and bo- rage, strain, mix the decoctions, add the sugar and honey, and boil to the consist- ence of syrup. Dose, six tablespoonfuls, early in the morning. Ellis. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, nine pounds Guaiacum wood, rasped, China root, bruised, each, six pounds Yellow Peruvian bark, bruised, three pounds Macerate for twenty-four hours in Water one hundred and forty pints Boil down to one-third, express, and strain. Repeat twice, with same proportions of water; strain, unite the three decoctions, add Purified molasses thirty pounds SASSAFRAS— SCAMMONIUM. Evaporate to the consistence of syrup, and pour, boiling, on Sassafras, rasped, five pounds Aniseed four ounces Borage flowers one pound and a-half Finally, strain. Cadet. One to three ounces a-day, in syphilitic and cutaneous disorders. Syrup of Gesnouin. R. Syrup of sarsaparilla four pounds senna three ounces Extract of borage five ounces Conserve of elder berries one ounce Mix, with heat. Four to six spoonfuls, early in the morning, using the infusion of sarsaparilla for drink. Foy. Sarsaparilla Beer. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds Bark of guaiacum, powdered, eight ounces Guaiacum wood, rasped, Anise seeds Liquorice root, each, four ounces Mezereon, bark of root, two ounces Molasses two pounds Cloves, bruised, twelve Boiling water four gallons Shake, thrice a-day. Let ferment; when fully fermented, to be taken in doses of a small tumblerful, two or three times a-day. Hancock. SASSAFRAS. Sassafras. Two parts of the Sassafras, Laurus sassafras (Sassafras officinale), are officinal; the pith of the young branches and the bark of the root. Sassafras is a medium-sized tree, found in most parts of the United States, growing in woods and open places, flowering before the appearance of the leaves. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Laur- acese. Nees. PI. Med. i. 131. Griffith, Med.Bot. 551. The pith is in slender, cylindrical pieces, very spongy and light, with a mucilaginous and some- what aromatic taste, affording a clear mucilage on the addition of water. The bark is in small fragments, of a reddish brown color, brittle, of a fragrant odor, and a pleasant aromatic taste. It is stimulant and diaphoretic. Infusion of Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for six hours, and strain. As a stimulating diaphoretic. Niemann. Compound Infusion of Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark half an ounce Liquorice root two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse. One-half, morning and evening. In scrofulous complaints. Hufeland. Mucilage of Sassafras Pith. R. Sassafras pith one drachm Boiling water one pint Infuse, and strain. As a soothing applica- tion in ophthalmia, and as a demulcent drink in diseases of the bowels, lungs, and bladder. Wood. Tincture of Sassafras. R. Sassafras, sliced, one part Alcohol six parts Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm. Beral. Compound Tincture of Sassafras. R. Sassafras, bruised, four ounces Sage two ounces Nutmeg, bruised, one ounce Cinnamon, bruised, half an ounce Star anise three drachms Alcohol two pints Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Wurt. Ph. As a stomachic and carminative. Oil of Sassafras. R. Bruised sassafras at will Water sufficient Distil, and collect the oil which sinks to the bottom of the product. Guibourt. Dose, two to ten drops, as carminative and stimulant. SCAMMONIUM. SCAMMONY. This is the concrete juice of the root of Con- volvulus scammonia, a twining perennial plant, a native of Syria. It has a large, succulent root, affording a milky juice, which concretes by ex- posure to the air. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- volvulacece. Linn. Sp. PI. 218. Griffith, Med. Bot. 477. The best scammony is light, resinous when broken, friable, not effervescing with an acid, of various shades of color, from dark ash to dark olive; forming an emulsion with water. The odor is peculiar and unpleasant, the taste is bit- terish and acrid. It is an active purgative, caus- ing pain, and usually operating with harshness when given alone, but much milder in combina- tion. The dose is from five to fifteen grains. Powder of Scammony and Cremor Tartar. R. Powdered scammony Cremor tartar equal parts Mix. Ed. Ph. Dose, fifteen to thirty grains. SCAMMONIUM. Powder of Scammony and Soot. R. Powdered scammony one drachm Soot one drachm and a-half Powdered resin two drachms Mis. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Beaslcy. Compound Powder of Scammony. R. Scammony Hard extract of jalap, each, two ounces Ginger half an ounce Rub separately into fine powder, and mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Lond. Ph. Pills of Scammony. R. Powdered scammony fifteen grains Sugar ten grains Rub together, and add Oil of caraway four minims Pills of Scammony and Ox Gall. R. Powdered scammony two drachms Ox gall three drachms Extract of gentian half an ounce Mix, and make one hundred and sixty-two pills. Dose, four to six a-day. Cadet. Compound Pills of Scammony. R. Powdered scammony Extract of henbane Powdered gamboge Compound extract of colocynth Soap, each, twelve grains Water sufiicient Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. Dose, two to three. Guy's Hosp. Confection of Scammony. R. Powdered scam- mony one ounce and a-half Cloves, bruised, Powdered ginger, each, six drachms Oil of caraway half fl. drachm Syrup of roses sufiicient Rub the dry ingredients into fine powder, add syrup, and rub well; then the oil of caraway, and mix. Dose, twenty to forty grains. Eub. Ph. R. Powdered scammony jalap, each, two drachms squill one drachm and a-half resin of jalap half a drachm Syrup of buckthorn sufiicient Mix, and form confection. A hydragogue, in dose of ten grains to a scruple. Foy. Extract or Resin of Scammony. R. Scammony, in fine powder, at will Boil in successive portions of proof spirit, till the spirit ceases to dissolve anything, filter, distil off the spirit, pour off the watery solution from the resin, wash this well with boiling water, dry in a heat not above 240°. Ed, Ph. Dose, five to ten grains. Emulsion of Scammony. R. Resin of scammony seven grains Milk three fl. ounces Triturate the resin with a little of the milk, and gradually add the rest. Ed. Ph. The whole at a dose. Compound Emulsion of Scammony. R. Scammony seven grains Sugar two drachms Triturate, and add gradually New milk three fl. ounces Cherry laurel water three or four drops for a dose. Blanche. Scammony Mixture. R. Resin of scammony twelve grains Spirit of rosemary one fl. drachm Orange-flower water Syrup of peach flowers, each, one fl. ounce Mix. Cadet. Scammony Oil. R. Powdered scammony one scruple Oil of almonds one ounce Rub well together. Dose, half an ounce. Van Mom. Elixir of Scammony. R. Scammony two drachms Proof spirit eight fl. ounces Heat, and then set fire to the spirit, and add Sugar four ounces When it is dissolved, extinguish the flame, and add Syrup of violets two fl. ounces Filter. It will give twelve ounces, con- taining twelve grains of scammony to the ounce. Guibourt. Soap of Scammony. R. Scammony one drachm Soap two drachms Alcohol ('874) two fl. ounces Dissolve by means of a water-bath. Guibourt. Purgative Pastilles. R. Scammony six grains Tincture of senna forty drops Carbonate of magnesia five scruples White sugar eight scruples Powdered liquorice eight grains Gum tragacanth five grains Oil of aniseed one drop Syrup of violets sufiicient to make eight pastilles. These are known SCILLA. 367 as Pastilles de SantS, and are useful in cases of acid eructation and flatulence. One or two, taken early in the morning, act as a laxative; by repeating the dose every quarter of an hour, full purgation ensues. Delvincourt. Purgative Chocolate. R. Chocolate five drachms Scammony resin six grains Calomel (hydrosub- limate) one and a-half grains Sugar half a drachm Triturate together in a mortar the scam- mony and sugar, then add the calomel, and, when thoroughly mixed, add the choco- late, previously softened by the heat of a water-bath. Make into forms. To be taken dry, and followed by some bland liquid. Mialhe. SCILLA, Squill, Is the bulb of Scilla maritima, a perennial plant, growing on the seacoast of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The bulb is large, pyriform, and tunicated ; there are two varieties, the red and the white, but identical in their medical qualities. Sex, Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lili- acse. Linn. Sp. PI. 442. Griffith, Med. Bot. 652. The bulb is sliced and dried for use, in this state : it is in white, or yellowish-white, semi- transparent pieces, which are flexible when moist, but brittle when dry; of a mucilaginous, bitter taste, but scarcely any odor. Squill is expectorant, diuretic, and in large doses emetic, and even purgative. Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, one grain two or three times a-day ; as emetic, six to twelve grains. Powder of Squill and Nitre. R. Powdered squill six grains nitre one drachm Mix, and divide into six powders. One, three times a-day, in sugar and water. As a diuretic. Ellis. Powder op Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered squill twelve grains ipecacuanha twenty-four grains Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours in chronic catarrh. Foij. Powder op Squill and Cremor Tartar. R . Powdered squill one drachm Cremor tartar nine drachms Mix. Twenty to thirty grains, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic. Guy's Hospt. Powder op Squill and Sulphur. R. Powdered squill one part Flowers of sulphur two parts Powdered sugar three parts Mix. Dose, from five to twenty grains, according to age, in catarrhs. Guibourt. Powder of Squill and Calomel. R. Powdered squill three grains Calomel Powdered gamboge, each, half a grain Mix. To be taken in the evening. As a diuretic. A. Cooper. Compound Powder of Squill. R. Powdered squill foxglove, each, one grain Oil of juniper two drops Borate of soda Powdered liquorice, each, one scruple Powdered cinnamon two grains Mix. To be repeated, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic. Radius. R. Powdered squill foxglove, each, five grains Resin of jalap six grains Acetate of potassa thirty grains Sulphate of soda two drachms Mix. To be taken early in the morning, as a purgative and diuretic. Bories. Pills of Squill and Calomel. R. Calomel Powdered squill, each, twelve grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning. In dropsy, arising from visceral derangement. Ellis. Pills op Squill and Ammoniac. R. Powdered squill thirty grains Ammoniac one drachm and a-half Extract of hemlock thirty grains Mix, and form thirty pills ; two, twice a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. Ellis. Pills of Squill and Croton Oil. R. Compound squill pill two scruples extract of colocynth two scruples Croton oil six minims Mix, and form eighteen pills. Three, twice a-week, in dropsy. Selwyn. Pills of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R . Powdered squill half an ounce ipecacuanha two drachms Extract of opium fifteen grains Butter of cocoa one ounce Syrup of gum sufficient Beat together, and make pills of four SCILLA. grains. One, three times a-day, as an expectorant. Cadet. R. Powdered squill twelve grains ipecacuanha twelve grains Extract of dandelion three scruples Blue pill ten grains Simple syrup sufficient Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two, to be taken morning and evening, in dropsy. Ainslie. Pills of Squill and Henbane. R . Powdered squill half a drachm Extract of henbane two scruples Myrrh one drachm and a-half Water sufficient Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, morning and evening, as expectorant. Paris. Compound Pills of Squill. R. Calomel three grains Recent squill Ammoniac, each, one scruple Dover's powder half a drachm Conserve of roses sufficient Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. One, three or four times a-day. In trouble- some catarrh. Latham. R. Powdered squill half a drachm Calomel twenty-four grains Tartar emetic six grains Powdered opium eighteen grains Conserve of roses sufficient Beat together, and make twenty-four pills. One at night, in catarrh. Ellis. R. Powdered squill one drachm ginger _ ammoniac, each, two drachms Soap three drachms Syrup sufficient Beat into mass, and form one hundred and twenty pills. U. S. Ph. Five to ten grains, three or four times a-day, as a stimulant expectorant. R. Powdered squill fifteen grains ammoniac one drachm and a-half seneka two drachms Golden sulph. of anti- mony half a drachm Extract of dandelion sufficient Mix, and make pills of two grains. Di- uretic. Berends. R. Powdered squill twenty-four grains Calomel sixteen grains Soap one drachm and a half Gralbanum two drachms Extract of dan- delion three drachrns and a-half Essence of orange sufficient Mix, and make pills of two grains. Three or four a-day, as purgative and diuretic. Pideret. Compound Syrup of Squill. R. Bruised squill seneka, each, four ounces Tartar emetic forty-eight grains Water four pints Sugar three pounds and a-half Pour the water on the squill and seneka, boil to one-half, strain, and add the sugar; evaporate to three pints, and, whilst hot, add the tartar emetic. U. S. Ph. R. Squill Seneka, in coarse powder, each, four ounces Tartar emetic forty-eight grains Alcohol half a pint Water sufficient Sugar three pounds and a-half Mix the alcohol with two pints and a-half of the water, and macerate the squill and seneka in the mixture for twenty-four hours. Put the whole into a displacement apparatus, and add as much water as may be necessary to obtain three pints of fil- tered liquor. Boil this for a few minutes, evaporate to one-half, and strain, then add the sugar, and evaporate to three pints; lastly, dissolve the tartar emetic in the syrup, whilst hot. U. S. Ph. Known as Hive syrup. Dose, as expectorant, twenty to thirty drops, for adult; for children, five to ten drops; in croup, ten drops to a fl. drachm, repeated till it vomits. R. Extract of seneka and squill one pound Clarified honey, at 160°, six pounds Mix, and add Tartar emetic sixteen grains to each sixteen fl. ounces of the syrup. Echy. R. Oxymel of squill one fl. ounce and a-half Syrup of ipecacuanha poppies, each, two fl. ounces orange-flowers half an ounce Mix. Dose, half to one fl. ounce in hoop- ing-cough. Cadet. Wine of Squill. R. Squill one ounce White wine sixteen fl. ounces Macerate for twelve days, express, and filter. Par. Cod. SCILLA. Compound "Wine of Squill. R. Bruised squill one ounce orange peel calamus, each, three drachms juniper berries two drachms White wine four pints Macerate for three days, express, filter, and add Oxymel of squills two fl. ounces R. Dried squill, bruised, Rhubarb Juniper berries, each, one drachm Cinnamon three drachms Zedoary two drachms Carbonate of potassa one drachm and a-half "White wine two pints Macerate, express, and filter, Dose, two to four small wineglassfuls a-day, as a diuretic. Taddei. Bitter Wine op Squill. R. Squill Root of swallow- wort, each, half an ounce Peruvian bark Winter's bark Lemon peel, each, two ounces Angelica half an ounce Wormwood Balm, each, one ounce Juniper berries Mace, each, half an ounce White wine eight pints Digest by a gentle heat, for four days, ex- press, and filter. As a diuretic, in doses of one to three fl. ounces. Cottereau. Tincture of Squill. R. Squill four ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, twenty to forty drops. Alkaline Tincture op Squill. R. Squill two ounces Solution of potassa two fl. drachms Diluted alcohol twelve fl. ounces Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Van Mons. Tincture of Squill and Elaterium. R. Tincture of squill Vinegar of colchi- cum, each, two fl. drachms Spirit of nitric ether one fl. ounce Extract of elaterium one grain Mix. Dose, fifteen minims to one fl. drachm. St. Bart. Hosp. 24 Compound Tincture op Squill and Benzoin. R. Squill Orris root Elecampane, each, twenty-five drachms Benzoin two drachms Liquorice root Aniseed Myrrh, each, four scruples Gum ammoniac two scruples Saffron eighteen grains Diluted alcohol one pint, six fl. ounces Macerate for fifteen days, express, and fil- ter. Celebrated as Wedel's elixir. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in catarrh, asthma, &c. Cadet. Ethereal Tincture of Squill. R. Squill one ounce and a-half Muriatic ether Spirit of juniper, each, half a pound Water sufficient Distil one pound. Dose, ten to twenty drops in water, as a diuretic. Augmtin. Mixture of Syrup of Squills, &c. R. Syrup of squill half fl. ounce Paregoric elixir two fl. drachms Antimonial wine one fl. drachm Powdered gum Arabic half a drachm Distilled water three fl. ounces Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three hours, as expectorant; suited to children. Ellis. R. Syrup of squill Peppermint water, each, two fl. ounces Paregoric elixir Compound spirit of lavender, each, half fl. ounce Syrup one fl. ounce Mix. A spoonful, three or four times a- day. A valuable expectorant. Christison. Mixture op Oxymel of Squill and Valerian. R. Powdered valerian two drachms Oxymel of squill one fl. ounce Laudanum twenty drops Water one fl. ounce Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, after an emetic in croup. Kimbel. Mixture of Extract op Squill and Rhubarb. R. Extract of squill sixteen grains Liquid acetate of potassa half an ounce Parsley water four fl. ounces Syrup of rhubarb one fl. ounce Mix. As a diuretic Radius., 370 SCILLA. — ♦ — Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Ammoniac. R. Oxymel of squill six fl. drachms Gum ammoniac one drachm Extract of elecam- pane twenty-four grains Syrup of hyssop six fl. drachms Hyssop water four fl. ounces Mix. A spoonful every hour, as an ex- pectorant. Foy. Mixture of Vinegar of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill one fl. drachm Barley water five fl. ounces Syrup of saffron one fl. ounce Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times a-day, in troublesome cough. Ainslie. Mixture of Vinegar of Squill and Ammonia. R. Vinegar of squill two fl. drachms Solution of acetate of ammonia Compound spirit of horse- radish, each, one fl. ounce and a-half Diluted pimento water four fl. ounces and a-half Mix. Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. As a diuretic. St. Bart. Ifoxp. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha one drachm and a-half Lemon peel two drachms Cremor tartar half an ounce Water four fl. ounces Boil, strain, and add Oxymel of squill half a fl. ounce Mix well, as an expectorant. Cadet. Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Marsh Mallow. R. Oxymel of squill Syrup of marsh mallow Mucilage of gum Arabic equal parts Mix. As expectorant, in spoonful doses. Foy. Emulsion with Squill. R. Oil of almonds Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, one fl. ounce Wine of squill eight fl. scruples ipecacuanha four fl. scruples Syrup of tolu two fl. ounces Water of hyssop four fl. ounces Water eight fl. ounces Make an emulsion. Beral. Ointment of Squill. R. Squill three ounces Solution of potassa sufficient Reduce to mucilage by boiling, and add Lard to form an ointment, dolent tumors. sufficient As friction to in- Hvfeland. Compound Ointment of Squill. R. Fresh squill Root of blue iris male fern, each, six ounces Juice of elaterium two pounds bryony three pounds Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil, ex- press, and evaporate to soft consistence, and add White wax fifteen ounces Oil of mucilage four pounds Mix. As a resolvent application. Saxon Ph. Extract of Squill. R. Squill one pound Proof spirit four pints Macerate for some days, express, strain and filter; digest the residue with two pints of spirit, express, strain, and filter. Distil off the spirit, and evaporate to pro- per consistence. Dose, one to three grains. Par. Cod. Electuary of Squill. R. Oxymel of squill two fl. ounces Cremor tartar three ounces Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. R. Powder of squill and nitre Gum ammoniac Tartrate of potassa, each, two drachms Muriate of ammonia one scruple Syrup of cinnamon sufficient Mix. Dose, two drachms, three times a-day, in dropsy. Radius. Vinegar of Squill. R. Bruised squill four ounces Distilled vinegar two pints Alcohol one fl. ounce Macerate the squill with the vinegar in a close glass vessel for seven days, express, and let settle, pour off the clear liquid, and add alcohol. U. S. Ph. Diuretic and expectorant. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. Oxymel of Squill. R . Vinegar of squill two pints Clarified honey three pounds Mix, and evaporate by water-bath to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Syrup of Squill. R . Vinegar of squill one pint Sugar two pounds SCOPARIUS— SENEGA. 371 Mix, and form syrup. TJ. S. Ph. As expectorant. Dose, about a fl. drachm. Aromatic Syrup op Squill. R. Vinegar of squill half a pound Syrup of cinnamon ginger, each, one pound Mix. As a stimulating expectorant. Swediaur. SCOPARIUS. Broom. This is the fresh tops of the Cytisus scoparius, a shrub, native of many parts of Europe, and cultivated in this country, with numerous, bright yellow flowers. Sex. Syst. Diadel. decand. Nat. Syst. Faba- ceae. Link. Enum. ii. 241. Griffith. Med. Bot. 233. The officinal portion is the tops of the branches, but the seeds are also used. The branches have a bitter, nauseous taste, and a strong, peculiar odor. It is diuretic and cathartic, and even emetic, and has been advantageously used in dropsy. Infusion of Broom. R. Broom tops one ounce Boiling water one pint Digest for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, two to fourfl. ounces, three times a-day. Decoction of Broom. R. Broom tops Juniper tops, each, half an ounce Cremor tartar three drachms Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. Ed. Ph. Compound Decoction of Broom. R. Broom tops Juniper berries Dandelion root, each, half an ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, same as infusion. Extract of Broom. R. Tops of broom at will Boil, in eight times their weight in water, down to one-half; express, let settle, and strain. Evaporate by vapor-bath to proper consistence. Dub. Ph. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. Conserve of Broom. R. Broom flowers one part Sugar two parts Rub together. Dose, a drachm to two drachms, in gout, rheumatism, &c. Van 3Ions. SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort. A semi-aquatic plant, native of many parts of Europe, flowering in July. Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Scrophu- lariacese. Linn. Sp. PL 863. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. The leaves are the officinal part; they have a rank, unpleasant odor, and a bitter, disagreeable taste. They have been used as tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, but are principally used as an external discutient application. Ointment of Figwort. R. Fresh leaves of figwort Prepared lard, each, two drachms suet one pound Boil till the leaves are crisp, express, and strain. Pub. Ph. As an application to piles, painful swellings, and cutaneous eruptions. Oil of Figwort. R. Leaves of figwort three part* Olive oil one part Infuse, express, and strain. Used as above. Van Mon&. SENEGA. Seneka. The officinal name for the root of Poly gala senega, a native, perennial plant, found in most parts of the United States, on hill sides and dry woods, flowering from June to August. Sex. Syst. Diadel. octand. Nat. Syst. Poly- galacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 990. Griffith, Med. Bot. 225. The root is contorted, knotted, tapering, branch- ed, with a ridge or carima. It has a thick, re- sinous, grayish yellow, cortical portion, which only is active. It has a peculiar, but unpleasant odor; and a mucilaginous, sweetish taste, which becomes acrid and irritating. Its action is very various, being emetic, sudorific, diuretic, and ex- pectorant, and even emmenagogue and purgative. It is principally used as a stimulating expector- ant and diuretic. The dose, in powder, is from ten to twenty grains, but it is seldom given in this form. Compound Powder of Seneka. R . Powdered seneka half an ounce Cremor tartar six drachms Magnesia two drachms Mix. A teaspoonful, twice a-day, in pan- nus of the eye. Radius. Pills of Seneka. R. Powdered seneka six drachms Extract of dandelion sufficient Mix, and make pills of two or three grains. Six to twelve, three times a-day, in hypopyon and pannus. Radius, 372 SENEGA. Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka ten drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, one to three fl. ounces. Compound Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka two drachms Boiling water six fl. ounces Infuse, strain, and add Syrup of tolu one fl. ounce Ammoniac half a drachm Mix well. A tahlespoonful, every two hours. In catarrh. Ellis. Decoction of Seneka. R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce Water one pint and a-half Boil down to one pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, a tablespoonful, every three hours. R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce Liquorice root half an ounce Distilled water one pint and a-half Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful, in pectoral diseases. Ellis. R. Bruised seneka one ounce Orange peel sufficient Water one pint Simmer by a slow fire, till reduced one- third; add orange peel; cover till cold, then strain. Four fl. ounces a-day, at first, then increase, as an emmenagogue. Chapman. Syrup of Seneka. R. Bruised seneka four ounces Water one pint Sugar one pound Boil the seneka with the water, to one- half; strain, add the sugar, and form syrup. U. JS. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in pectoral com- plaints. Emulsion with Seneka. R. Bruised seneka half an ounce Water nine fl. ounces Boil down to one-third, strain, and add Camphor one scruple Gum Arabic two drachms Make an emulsion, and add Compound tincture of ammonia two fl. drachms A spoonful, every two hours, as a stimu- lating expectorant. Phoebus. Pectoral Jelly with Seneka. R. Bruised seneka two drachms Water twelve fl. ounces Boil down to nine fl. ounces, strain, and add Isinglass sufficient Syrup of orange flowers one ounce Form a jelly. A spoonful, occasionally. Radius. Mixture with Seneka. R. Seneka, bruised, two drachms Water sufficient to obtain eight fl. ounces of strained de- coction ; add Camphor one drachm Mix. A spoonful, occasionally. Brera. R . Infusion of seneka four fl. ounces Syrup of ipecacuanha one fl. ounce Oxymel of squill three fl. drachms Tartar emetic one grain and a-half Mix. A spoonful every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is produced, in croup. Jadelot. R. Bruised seneka one drachm and a-half Boiling water sufficient to obtain four fl. ounces of the strained decoction ; add Antimonial wine two fl. scruples Syrup of marsh mallow one fl. ounce A small spoonful, occasionally, in the second stage of croup, as an expectorant. Wendt. Extract of Seneka and Squill. R. Seneka Squill, each, in coarse powder, two pounds Proof spirit sufficient to cover ; transfer to displacement appa- ratus ; pass proof spirit through till near- ly tasteless ; strain ; distil off spirit, and evaporate to proper consistence. Ecky. Polygalic Acid. R. Seneka, in powder, sixteen ounces Alcohol (35° B.) six pints Ether sufficient Purified animal charcoal two ounces Boil the seneka in four pints of the alcohol for fifteen minutes; suffer it to cool, then throw the whole on a displacement filter, and when the liquid ceases to pass add more alcohol, until six pints of tincture are obtained. Distil off the alcohol till of a syrupy consistence, wash this with ether, to remove fatty matter, and throw the residue into several times its bulk of con- centrated alcohol. After standing for twenty-four hours, the polygalic acid will be precipitated as a light brown powder, which is collected on a filter, washed with cold, strong alcohol, and dried. W. Procter. Syrup of Polygalic Acid. R. Polygalic acid eight grains Boiling water half a fl. ounce Syrup of gum Arabic one ft. ounce and a-half Mix, and make. Dose, a teaspoonful. SENNA. Senna. Under this name is included the leaves of several species of Cassia, as C. acutifolia, C. elongata, C. obovata, fyc, forming what are termed Alexandrian, Tripoli, India, and Mecca sennas. They are all perennial plants, growing in warm climates. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- cese. Christison, Dispen. 858. Griffith, Med. Bot. 254. The leaves only are officinal in the U. S. and British Pharms., but the pods are recognized by several of the European authorities. The leaves have a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a some- what bitter, very nauseous taste. Senna is an active purgative, usually causing nausea and colic when given alone. It is seldom administered in substance, the dose is from half a drachm to two drachms. Compound Powder or Senna. R. Powdered senna Cremor tartar, each, two ounces Powdered scammony half an ounce ginger two drachms Mix. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. Lond. Ph., 1824. Powder of Senna and G-uaiacum. R. Powdered senna guaiacum equal parts Dose, two teaspoonfuls, twice or thrice a- day. In jaundice. Augustin. Alcoholic Extract of Senna. R. Senna one part Alcohol four or five parts Heat slowly on a water-bath, to boiling point, let cool; in twenty-four hours ex- press, and strain; repeat process with same quantity of alcohol, unite the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. Guibourt. Pills of Senna. R. Powdered senna one drachm Extract of dandelion sufficient Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, five to eight. II uf eland. Confection of Senna. R. Senna eight ounces Coriander four ounces SENNA. 373 Liquorice, bruised, three ounces Figs one pound Pulp of prunes tamarinds purging cassia, each, half a pound Sugar two pounds and a-half Water four parts Rub the senna and coriander together, and separate ten ounces with a sieve. Boil the residue with the figs and liquorice root in the water, to one-half, express, and strain. Evaporate by a water-bath to a pint and a- half, add the sugar and form a syrup, then rub the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted powder, and mix well. U. S. Ph. A good laxative. Dose, about two drachms, taken at bedtime. Compound Confection of Senna. R. Confection of senna two ounces Powdered jalap one drachm Cremor tartar two drachms Powdered ginger one drachm and a-half Syrup sufficient Mix. Dose, one drachm. Electuary of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb senna, each, two drachms fennel three drachms liquorice half an ounce Pulp of purging cassia tamarinds, each, two ounces Syrup of male fern sufficient Mix. Dose, two drachms to half an ounce. Van Mons. Electuary of Senna and Cremor Tartar. R. Powdered senna three drachms Cremor tartar one drachm Manna three ounces and a-half Pulp of purging cassia tamarinds, each, one ounce and a-half Syrup of violets sufficient Mix. Dose, about two drachms. Van Mons. Electuary of Senna and Figs. R. Powdered senna half an ounce Pulp of figs sufficient Make an electuary. A piece the size of a hazelnut, night and morning, to obviate costiveness. Ellis. Electuary of Senna and Sulphur. R. Powdered senna Flowers of sulphur Cremor tartar, each, one ounce 374 SENNA. Manna six ounces Pulp of tamarinds eight ounces Syrup of senna sufficient Mix. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. Dose, two to three drachms. Swediaur. Compound Wine of Senna. R. Senna one ounce Rhubarb six drachms Cloves Saffron, each, one drachm Sherry wine two pints Macerate for five days, often agitating, and decant. As a tonic purgative. Dose, about two fl. ounces. Pierquin. R. Senna four ounces Coriander Fennel, each, two drachms Sherry wine two pints and a-half Digest for three days; add Stoned raisins three ounces Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and strain. Sioed. Ph. Compound Tincture of Senna. R. Senna three ounces and a-half Caraway, bruised, three drachms and a-half Cardamom, bruised, one drachm Raisins five ounces Proof spirit two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Lond. Ph. A warm, stomachic purgative, in atonic gout, &c, in doses of two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce. Tincture of Senna and Jalap. R. Senna three ounces Jalap, in powder, one ounce Coriander, bruised, Caraway, bruised, each, half an ounce Cardamom, bruised, two drachms Sugar four ounces Diluted alcohol three pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Similar to the last, used in same cases, and in same doses. Tincture of Senna and Gentian. R. Senna four ounces Gentian, bruised, Orange peel, bruised, each, one ounce Proof spirit sixty-four ounces Infuse for some days, often stirring, ex- press, and filter. Swediaur. Infusion of Senna. R. Senna one ounce Coriander, bruised, one drachm Boiling water one pint -Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, about four fl. ounce?. Compound Infusion of Senna. R. Senna half an ounce Sulphate of magnesia Manna, each, one ounce Fennel seed one drachm Boiling water half a pint Macerate in a covered vessel till cool, and strain. Dose, one third, every four or five hours, till it operates. Wood. R. Senna Mint, each, ten drachms Boiling water two pints Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Sulphate of magnesia eight ounces Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Guy's Hosp. Infusion of Senna and Tamarinds. R. Senna one to three drachms Tamarinds one ounce Coriander, bruised, one drachm Brown sugar half an ounce Boiling water eight fl. ounces Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Ed. Ph. Infusion of Senna and Coffee. R. Senna two drachms Roasted coffee one drachm Boiling water Hot milk, each, three fl. ounces Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. To be taken at once, in the morning. Foy. R. Senna ten grains Hot infusion of coffee milk at will Mix, and, when cool, strain, and add Sugar sufficient An agreeable purge for children. The amount of senna to be increased according to the age. Guersant and Blake. R. Senna Sulphate of magnesia Coffee, roasted and ground, each, half an ounce Boiling water four fl. ounces Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Sugar one and a-half ounces As efficient as the " black draught," but much more agreeble. Combes. R. Coffee, roasted and ground, Senna, each, one ounce Boiling water sufficient Make an infusion, and evaporate to one ounce, and add SENNA. 375 Simple syrup three fl. ounces Combes. Infusion op Senna and Buckthorn. R. Senna two drachms Sulphate of soda half an ounce Boiling water four fl. ounces Syrup of buckthorn one fl. ounce Infuse, cool, and strain. Ellis. Infusion with Tincture of Senna. R . Infusion of senna six fl. drachms Tincture of senna two fl. drachms Manna two drachms Mint water Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce and a-half Mix. One-half at a dose; repeated, if it does not operate. Aberneihy. Anthelmintic Emulsion. R. Infusion of senna ten fl. drachms Syrup of buckthorn one fl. drachm Confection of scammony two scruples Copaiva thirty minims Spirit of turpentine six fl. drachms Mix, and make emulsion. Very efficient as an anthelmintic; to be taken early in the morning. Med. Chirur. Rev. Senna Mixture. R . Infusion of senna one fl. ounce Tincture of jalap one fl. drachm Sulphate of magnesia four drachms Syrup of ginger one fl. drachm Mix. As a purgative draught. Ainslie. Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Senna six drachms Manna one ounce Bruised rhubarb cardamom, each, two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for one hour, and strain. Half a teacupful, every hour till it operates. Ellis. Infusion of Senna and Lemon Juice. R. Senna one ounce and a-half Fresh lemon peel one ounce Lemon juice one fl. ounce Boiling water sixteen fl. ounces Infuse for two hours, and strain. Beasley. Syrup of Senna. R. Senna two ounces Fennel seed, bruised, one ounce Boiling water one pint Sugar fifteen ounces Digest the senna and fennel seed in the water, with a gentle heat, for an hour, strain, add the sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. Dose, one or two fl. drachms to children. Fluid Extract of Senna. R. Senna, coarsely powdered, thirty-two ounces Diluted alcohol four pints Water one gallon Sugar twenty ounces Oil of fennel sixty-four drops Hoffmann's anodyne sufficient Mix the senna and alcohol, and let rest for a night; introduce into a displacement ap- paratus, and, by means of the water, obtain one and a-half gallons of fluid ; evaporate this to twenty fl. ounces, and, whilst hot, add the sugar; strain, and, when cold, add the oil of fennel, dissolved in the Hoff- mann anodyne. Dose, a tablespoonful, as a full purgative. Duhamel. R. Senna, well bruised, sixteen ounces (Troy) Diluted alcohol sufficient Oil of caraway Oil of anise, each, sixteen drops Sugar twelve ounces Macerate the senna in two pints of the diluted alcohol for twenty-four hours; dis- place slowly with same menstruum until four pints pass. Evaporate this in a water- bath to ten ounces, and add the sugar; when this is dissolved, remove from the fire, and add the oils, dissolved in diluted alcohol. Duhamely modified by Procter. R. Senna fifteen pounds Boiling water sufficient Exhaust the senna by process of displace- ment, evaporate the fluid to ten pounds, add molasses, ten pounds, previously boiled to a candy; add further, twenty-four fl. ounces of rectified spirit, and water suffi- cient to make fifteen pints. Dose, two drachms. Duncan. Syrup of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Syrup of senna four fl. ounces rhubarb two fl. ounces cinnamon one fl. ounce Mix. Van Mons. Syrup of Senna and Apples. R. Fermented juice of apples four pounds Senna four ounces and a-half Digest for a night, express, and strain, then add Sugar three pounds Clarify, and form syrup. Sard. Ph. 376 SERPENTARIA— SESAMUM. SERPENTAEIA. Virginia Snakeroot. Virginia snakeroot is furnished by several spe- cies of Jlris!olochia, as the A. serpentaria, A. hirsuta, and A reticulata, all natives of the United States, especially the western portions. Sex. Syst. Gynand. hexand. Nat. Syst. Aris- tolochi;icea\ U. S. Dispen. G57. Griffith, Med. Bot. 529. The root, which is the officinal portion, is very similar in the above-mentioned species. It is in tufts of slender, long, matted fibres, attached to a knotty, rugged head. These fibres are brittle, of a yellowish or brownish color, with an aromatic odor, and a pungent, bitter, camphorated taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and may also act as a diaphoretic, and diuretic. Dose, of the powder, is from ten to thirty grains. Compound Pills of Virginia Snake- root. R. Powdered Virginia snakeroot twenty-four grains Camphor forty-eight grains Conserve of roses sufficient Mix, and make eighteen pills; to be taken during the apyrexia, in malignant inter- niittents. Foy. Electuary op Virginia Snakeroot. R. Powdered Virginia snakeroot contrayerva Aromatic confection, each, one drachm Preserved ginger six drachms Syrup of parsley sufficient Make electuary. Half a drachm, every four hours, as a febrifuge. Cadet. Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Virginia snakeroot half an ounce Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. JS. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, every two hours, in low forms of fever. Compound Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Virginia snakeroot Contrayerva, each, five drachms Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours, strain, and add Tincture of Virginia snakeroot two fl. ounces Beasley. Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Virginia snakeroot, bruised, three ounces Diluted alcohol two pints Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. U. S. Ph. Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. R. Comp. infus. of Virginia snakeroot twelve fl. ounces Tincture of allspice four fl. ounces Mix. Four spoonfuls, every six hours, in retrocedent and atonic exanthemata. Saunders. Acetated Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. R. Add vinegar, two fl. ounces, to six- teen fl. ounces of last-mentioned mixture. Dose, as above, in pete- chial typhus. Swediaur. Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot and Ether. R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms Boiling water eight fl. ounces Infuse, and strain ; when cold, add Sulphuric ether two fl. drachms A tablespoonful, every hour. Richtcr. Wine of Virginia Snakeroot and Vanilla. R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms Vanilla two drachms Sherry wine sufficient Macerate for four hours, and add to each pint of the strained liquid, Camphor half a drachm Acetic ether one fl. drachm Syrup of cinnamon half a fl. ounce Dose, two spoonfuls an hour, in low states of the system. Vogt. Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot and Balsam of Peru. R. Virginia snakeroot six drachms Proof spirit five fl. ounces Water sufficient to obtain six fl. ounces of strained fluid ; after one hour of infusion, add Camphor half a drachm Balsam of. Peru one drachm Gum Arabic two drachms Make an emulsion, and add Acetic ether one fl. drachm A spoonful, every hour, in cases requiring stimulation. Phoebus. SESAMUM. Benne. Two species of Sesamum, the S. orientak, and the S. indicum, afford leaves and seeds that are recognized as officinal. They are both natives of Asia, and are cultivated in the West Indies and in the southern parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Pedali- aceae. SIMARUBA— SINAPIS. Linn. Sp. PL 883, 884. Griffith, Med. Bot. 515. The seeds are small, inodorous, and afford a bland oil, which may be used for all the pur- poses of olive oil. The leaves abound in a gummy substance which forms, with water, a rich, bland mucilage, useful in all cases requir- ing the use of demulcents. Infusion or Benne. R. Fresh leaves of benne No. 2 Cool water half a pint Infuse till a mucilage is formed. When dried leaves are used, the water should be hot. Wood. SIMARUBA. SlMARUBA. This is the bark of the root of Simaruba offici- nalis (amara), a large tree, native of Jamaica, and several parts of South America. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simaru- Decand. i. 733. Griffith, Med. Bot. 198. The bark is in long pieces, much rolled or quilled. It is fibrous, tough ; of a grayish color externally, and yellowish within. It is inodor- ous, but extremely bitter. It has the properties of the pure bitters, but is apt to act on the sto- mach and bowels. Infusion of Simaruba. R. Simaruba bark, bruised, three drachms Boiling water one pint Macerate for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces. Compound Infusion of Simaruba. R. Simaruba Wormwood, each, two drachms Boiling water one pint Infuse for fifteen minutes; strain, and add Syrup of gentian one fl. ounce To be taken in wineglassful doses. Foy. SINAPIS. Mustard. The seeds of two species of Sinapis are used in medicine, those of S. nigra and Argenti cyanidum, Argenti nitras, idem, idem, Argenti nitras fusum. Arnica, Arnica montana. Asarum, Asarum Europaeum. Barii chloridum, idem, Barytas niurias, idem. Belladonna, idem, idem, Atropa belladonna. Benzoinuni, idem, idem, Styrax benzoin. Ke- Bismuthi subnitras, Bismuthi trisnitras, Bismuthum album, sma. Bismuthi subnitras. Calamus, Acorus, Calamus aromaticus, Calcii chloridum, idem, Calcis niurias, idem. Canella, idem, idem, Canella alba. Cortex. Cantharis, idem, idem, Cantharis vesicatoria. Capsicum, idem, idem, Capsicum annuum. Cardamomum, idem, idem, Amomum cardamo- Carota, Dauci fructus, mum. Baucus carota var. sylvestris. Carum, Carui, idem, Carum carui. Cassia fistula, Cassia, Cassia? pulpa, Cassia fistula. Cassiae fistulse pulpa, Cassia, Cassire pulpa, Cassia fistula, Cataplasma fermenti. Cataplasma fermenti cerevisiaa. Ceratum cantharidis, Emplastrum can- tharidis, idem, idem. Ceratum cetacei, idem, Ceratum simplex, Unguentum cetacei. Ceratum plumbi sub- Ceratum plumbi acetatis, compositum, Ceratum resinaa, idem, Unguentum resino- Ung. resinae albae. Ceratum sabinae, idem, sum, idem, Unguentum sabinaa. Ceratum simplex, Ceratum, Ceratum zinci carbo- Ceratum calaminoa, idem, Unguentum calami- natis, nae. Cetraria, idem, idem, Lichen Islandicus. Cbimapbila, idem, Pyrola, Pyrola umbellata Cinchona flaya, Cinchona cordifolia, Cinchona flava, Cinchona cordifolia. Cinchona pallida, Cinchona lancifolia, Cinchona cinerea, ) Cinchona coronae, ( Cinchona lancifolia. Cinchona rubra, Cinchona oblongifolia,Cinchona rubra, Cinchona oblongifolia. Cinnamomum, idem, idem et Cassias cor- idem et Cassia. Coccus, Cocci, tex, idem, Coccus cacti. Colchici radix, Colchici cormus, idem, Colchicum autum- nale. Bulbus. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 435 United States. Colchici semen, Colocyntbis, Colomba, London. Colchici seraina, Edinburgh. idem, Dublin. Colchicum auturu- nale. Semina. idem, idem, Cucumis colocyntbis. Calumba, idem, Colomba. Confectio amygdalae, Conserva amygdala- Confectio amygdala- rum, rum. Confectio aromatica, idem, Electuarium aroma- Confectio aromatica. ticum, Confectio aurantii Confectio aurantii, Conserva aurantii, corticis, Confectio cassise, Electuarium cassias. Confectio opii, idem, Electuarium opii, Confectio opii. Confectio piperis ni- Electuarium piperis, Confectio piperis ni- gri. idem. Confectio rosae, Confectio rosae gal- Conserva rosae, licae, Confectio rosse ca- Conserva rosae fruc- ninae, tus, Confectio rutae, Conserva rutae. Confectio scammonii, Electuarium scammo- Confectio sennse, idem, Electuarium sennae, nii. idem. Conii folia, idem, Conium, Conium maculatum. Conii semen, Conii fructus, Contrayerva, Contrajerva, Copaiba, idem, idem, Copaifera officinalis. Coriandrum, idem, idem, Coriandrum sativum. Cornu, idem, Cornua cervina. Creasotum, Creasoton, Creasotum, Creta, idem, idem, Calcis carbonas. Creta: alba. Crocus, idem, idem, Crocus sativus. Cubeba, Piper cubeba, Cubebae, Cubeba. Cuprum ammoniat- Cupri ammonio sul- Cuprum ammoniat- idem. um, phas, um, Cupri subacctas, iErugo, idem, Cupri subacetas. Curcuma, idem, Cyminum, idem, Cuminum, Curcuma longa. Decoctum aloes i 30m- Decoctum aloes, Decoctum aloes com- positum, positum. Decoctum cetrariae, idem, Decoctum licbenis is- landici. Decoctum chimaphi- idem, Decoctum pyrolae. lae, Decoctum cincbonac, Decoctum cincbonae Decoctum cinchonae, cordifoliae, Decoctum C. lanci- foliae, Decoctum C. oblon- gifoliac, Decoctum hordci Mistura bordci, compositum, Decoctum quercus Decoctum quercus, idem, albac, Decoctum sarzte, idem, idem. Decoctum bordei com- positum. idem. Decoctum sarsaparil- lge. 436 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Decoctum sarsapa- Decoctum sarzae idem, Decoctum. sarsaparil- rillae compositum, compositum, lse compositum. Decoctum scoparii Decoctum scoparii, compositum, Digitalis folia, D. se- Digitalis, Digitalis purpura, mina, idem, Bucku, Diosma crenata. Digitalis, Diosma, Elaterium Emplastrum ferri, Emplastrum galba- Emplastrum galba ni compositum, ni, Emplastrum picis cum cantharide, Emplastrum plumbi, idem, Extractum elaterii, Elaterium, Extractum elaterii. Emplastrum ammo- Emplastrum ammo- Emplastrum ammoni- niaci cum hydrar- niaci et hydrar- aci cum hydrar- gyro, gyri, gyro. Emplastrum cerae, Emplastrum sim- plex, Emplastrum ferri, Emplastrum thuris. Emplastrum calefa- ciens. Emplastrum lithar- idem. Emplastrum resino- Emplastrum lithar- sum, gyri cum resinae. idem, Euphorbia canarien- sis. idem, Succus spissatus aco- niti. Extractum aloes he- paticae. Extractum anthemi- Extractum chamae- dis, meli. idem, Succus spissatus bel- nse, ladonnae. Extractum ciucbo- Extractum cinebo- Extractum cincbo- idem. Emplastrum resinae, idem, Eupborbium, Extractum aconiti, idem, Extractum aloes pu- rificatum, Extractum belladon- idem, Extractum conii, Extractum baama- toxyli, Extractum byoscy- ami, n»3 cordifoliae, Extractum C. lanci- foliae, Extractum C. oblon- gifolias, Extractum colocyn- tbidis, idem, idem, idem, Extractum lupuli, idem, idem, idem, idem, idem, Extractum opii pu- Extractum opii,' rificatum, Extractum sarsapa- Extractum sarzae, rillae, Extractum colocyn- tbiclis simplex. Succus spissatus co- nii. Extractum baematox- yli campechiani. Succus spissatus by- oscyami. Extractum bumuli lu- puli. Extractum opii aquo- sum. Extractum sarsaparil- 1*. Extractum sarzas Extractum sarsaparil- fluidum, lse fluidum. Ferri filum, Ferri filum, Ferrum fila. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 43T United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Ferri ramenta, Ferrum. Ramenta, Ferri limatura, Ferrum. Scobs. Ferri et potassse tar- Ferri potassio-tar- Ferrum tartarizat- Ferri tartar um. tras, tras, um, Ferri ferrocyanuret- Ferri percyanidum, Ferri cyanuretum. um, Ferri oxidum hy- Ferrugo, dratum, Ferri oxidum ni- Ferri oxydum grum, grum. Ferri subcarbonas, Ferri sesquioxydum, Ferri oxidum ru- Ferri carbonas. brum, Ferrum ammoniat- Ferri ammonio-chlo- um, Ficus, Filix mas, Galla, Gambogia, Gentiana, Glycyrrhiza, ridum, Fici, Aspidium, Filix, idem, Gallae, idem, idem, Granati fructus cor- G-ranatum, tex, Granati radicis cor- tex, Guaiaci lignum, Guaiaci resina, Haematoxylon, idem, idem, Haematoxylum. idem, Cambogia, idem, Glycyrrhizse radix, Granati radix, idem, Guaiacum, Haematoxylon, Ficus carica. Filix mas. Gallse. Gambogia. Gentiana lutea. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Punica granatum. Punica granatum. Guaiacum officinale. Guaiacum officinale. Hasmatoxyluin cam- pecbianum. Helleborus niger. Hordeum distichon. Humulus lupulus. Hydrargyri murias corrosivum. Calomelas sublimat- um. Hydrai*gyri cyanure- tum. Helleborus, idem, idem, Hordeum, idem, idem, Humulus, Lupulus, idem, Hydrargyri chlori- Hydrargyri bicblori- Sublimatus c dum corrosivum, dum, sivus, Hydrargyri cblori- Hydrargyri chlori- Calomelas, dum mite, dum, Hydrargyri cyanu- Hydrargyri bicyan- retum, idum, Hydrargyri iodidum Hydrargyri biniodi- idem, rubrum, dum, Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri oxy- Hydrargyri oxydum nigrum, dum, nigrum. Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri nitrico- Hydrargyri oxidum Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum, oxydum, rubrum, nitricum. Hydrargyri sulphas Hydrargyri oxydum flavus, sulpburicum. Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri sulphu- retum nigrum, return cum sul- return nigrum, phure, Hydrargyri sulphu- Hydrargyri bisul- Cinnabaris, Hydrargyri sulphu- retum rubrum, phuretuni, return rubrum. Hydrargyrum am- Hydrargyri ammo- Hydrargyri precipi- Hydrargyri subinu- moniatum, nio-chloridum, tatum album, rias ammoniatum. Hyoscyami folia, idem, Hyoscyamus, Hyoscyamus niger. Hyoscyami semen, Hyoscyami scmina, Infusum aDgusturae, Infusum cuspariEe, idem, Infusum angusturse. 438 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Infusum anthemidis, idem, idem, Infusum chamasmeli. Infusum arnioracias, Infusum arnioracias Infusum arnioracias compositum, compositum. Infusum aurantii Infusum aurantii, Infusum aurantii com- compositum, positum. Infusmn caryophyl- idem, idem, Infusum caryophyllo- li, rum. Infusum catechu idem, Infusum catechu, Infusum catechu com- compositum, positum. Infusum colombas, Infusum calumbas, idem, Infusum colombas. Infusum diosmas, idem, Infusum bucku, Infusum buchu. Infusum gentianas idem, Infusum gentianas, Infusum gentianae compositum, compositum. Infusum humuli, Infusum lupuli, Infusum lini, Infusum lini com- Infusum lini, Infusum lini composi- positum, tum. Infusum rosas com- idem, Infusum rosas, Infusum rosas acid- positum, urn. Infusum sarsaparil- Infusum sarsaparillas Ise, compositum. Infusum sennas, Infusum sennas com- Infusum sennas, Infusum sennae com- positum, positum. Infusum sennas com ■ Infusum sennae cum positum, tamarindis. Infusum tabaci, Enema tabaci, idem, Infusum tabaci. Inula, idem, Inula helenium. Iodinum, Iodinium, Iodineum, Iodinium. Ipecacuanha, idem, idem, Cephaelis ipecacuan- ha. Juniperus, Juniperi cacumina, idem, Juniperus communis. Cacumina. Juniperi fructus, idem, Juniperus communis. Baccae. Krameria, idem, idem, Rhatania. Lacmus, idem, Litmus. Lactuca, Lactuca sativa. Lauri baccas, Lauri folia, Laurus nobilis. Lauro cerasus, Primus lauro-cerasus. Lavandula, idem, idem, Lavandula spica. Limon, Limones, idem, idem. Limonis cortex, Limonum cortex, idem, Citrus medica. Linimentum cam- idem, idem, Oleum camphoratum. phoras, Linimentum terebin- thinas, Linum, Licmor ammoniae, Linimentum opii, idem, Linimentum saponis cum opio vel lini- mentum anodyn- um. idem, Linimentum terebin- Linimentum terebin- thinatum, thinas. Lini semina, Lini farina, Linum usitatissimum. idem, Ammonias acma, Ammonias causticas acma. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 439 London. idem, Edinburgh. Ammonias acetatis Dublin. idem. idem. United States. Liquor ammonias acetatis, aqua, Liquor ammonias for- Ammonias liquor Ammonias aqua for- tior, fortior, tior, Liquor ammonias Ammonias carbonat- sesquicarbonatis, is aqua, Liquor barii cbloridi, idem, Solutio barytas mu- Barytas muriatis aqua. riatis, Liquor calcii chlo- idem, Calcis muriatis solu- Calcis muriatis aqua. ridi, tio, Liquor calcis, idem, Aqua calcis, idem. Liquor cupri ammo- Cupri ammoniati so- Cupri ammoniati nio-sulphatis, lutio, aqua. Liquor ferri iodidi, Ferri iodidi syrupus, Liquor iodini com- Liquor potassii io- Iodinei liquor com- positus, didi compositus, positus, Liquor plunibi sub- Liquor plumbi dia- Plumbi diacetatis acetatis, cetatis, lutio, Liquor plumbi sub- Liquor plumbi diace- acetatis dilutus, tatis dilutus, Plumbi liquor. Plumbi subacetatis Liquor potassas, Liquor potassas ar- senitis, Liquor potassas car- bonatis, Liquor sodas chlori- nates, idem, idem, idem, Potassas aqua, Liquor arsenicalis, subacetatis liquor compositus. Potassas causticas aqua. idem. Liquor potassas effer- Potassas aqua effer- . vescens, vescens, Liquor sodas effer- Sodas aqua efferves- Potassas carbonatis aqua. vescens, idem, cens, Manganesii binoxy- Manganesii oxidum, Manganesii oxydum. dum, Marmor, idem, idem, Calcis carbonas, Mar- mor album. Marrubium, idem, Marrubium vulgare. Melissa, Melissa, Melissa officinalis. Mentha pulegium, Pulegium, Mentha pulegium. Menyanthes, idem, Menyanthes trifoliata. Mezereum, idem, Mezereon, idem. Mistura acacias, Emulsio Arabica. Mistura amygdalas, idem, Mistura amygdala- idem. Mistura assafoetidas, idem, 1 Mistura assasfoetidas. Mora, Morus nigra. Morphias murias, Morphias hydrochlo ■ Morphias murias, Mucilago acacias, Mistura acacias, Mucilago, Mucilago gummi Ara- bici. idem. Dccoctum amyli, Mucilago amyli, Mucilago tragacan- idem, Mucilago gummi tra- thas, gacanthas. Mucuna, Mucuna pruriens, idem, Dolichos pruriens. Myristica, idem, idem, Nux moschata. 440 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Myroxylon, Balsamum Peruvi- idem, Myroxylum Peruvi- anum, anum. Oleum amygdalae, Oleum bergamii. Aniygdalas oleum, Bergamii oleum, Bergainottas oleum, Oleum amygdalarum. Oleum cajuputi, Cajuputi, Cajuputi oleum, Melaleuca leucaden- dron. Oleum caryophylli, Caryophylli oleum. idem, Eugenia caryophyl- lata. , Laurus cinnamomum. Oleum cinnamomi. Cinnamomi oleum, idem et Cassias oleum Oleum limonis. Limonum oleum, idem, Citrus medica. Oleum lini, Lini oleum, idem, Oleum lini. Oleum rnyristicas, Oleum olivas. Myristicas oleum, Olivas oleum, idem, idem, Myristica moschata. Olea Europasum. Oleum rieini, Rieini oleum, idem, Ricinus communis. Oleum rosas, Rosas oleum, Oleum terebinthinas, Terebintliinae oleum, idem, Oleum terebinthinas. Oleum tiglii, Tiglii oleum, Crotonis oleum, Croton tiglium. Oleum cari, Oleum carui, idem, idem. Oleum foeniculi, idem, Oleum foeniculi dul- Oleum ruenthas pi- idem, idem, cis. Oleum ruenthas pi- peritas, Oleum menthae pu- legii, idem, Oleum pulegii, peritidis. idem. Oleum rosmarini, idem, Oleum rorismarini. Oleum succini recti- Oleum succini, Oleum succini rectifi- ficatum, catum. Oleum terebintliinae idem, Oleum terebinthinae Origanum, Os, purificatum, idem, idem, rectificatum. Origanum vulgare. Ossa. Papaver, idem, Petroleum, idem, idem, Papaver somniferum. idem et Bitumen pe- troleum. Pilulas aloes et Pilulae aloes cum Pilulas aloes et Pilulae aloes cum myrrhas, nryrrha, myrrhse, myrrha. Pilulas galbani com- positas, Pilulas opii, Pilulas saponis com- positas, Pilulas scillas com- Pilulas hydrargyri Pilulas calomelanos idem, chloridi composi- compositas, tas, Pilulas colocynthidis, Pilulas colocynthidis compositas. idem, Pilulas assafoetidas, Pilulas galbani com- positae. Pilulas cambogias Pilulas cambogias, Pilulas gambogias compositas, compositas. Pilulas opii sive the- baicas, idem, idem, Pilulas scillas, Piper, Pix abietis, Pilulas styracis com- Pilulas styracis, positas, Piper nigrum, idem, Pix abietina, Pix Burgundica, Pilulas saponis cum opio. Pilulas scillas compo- sitas. Pilulas e styrace. idem, idem. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 441 United States. London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Pix nigra, Pix arida, Plumbi carbonas, idem, idem, idem et Cerussa. Plumbi oxidum Plumbi oxydum, Litbargyrum, Plumbi oxydum semi- semivitreuin, vitreum sive litbar- gyrum. Potassse carbonas Potassae carbonas Lixivus cinis. impurus, impura, Potassae carbonas, idem, idem, Potassae carbonas e lixivo cinere. Potassse carbonas Potassae carbonas Potassae carbonas e purus, purum, tartari crystallis. Potassii ferrocyanu- Potassii ferrocyani- idem, retuin, dum, Potassa, Potassae bydras, Potassa, Potassa caustica. Potassa cum calce, idem, Potassa caustica cum calce. Potassii iodidum, idem, idem, Potassae bydriodas. Potassii sulpburet- idem, idem, Potassae sulpburetum. Prunum, Pruna, Prunus domestica. Pulvis aloes et canel- Pulvis aloes cum ca- lse, nella. Pulvis arornaticus, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus, Pulvis arornaticus, idem. Pulvis cretae compos. Pulvis cretae opiatus Pulvis cretae compos. cum opio, cum opio. Pulvis ipecacuanbae Pulvis ipecacuanbae idem, idem. et opii, compositus, Pulvis stanni, Stanni pulvis, idem. Quassia, idem, idem, Quassia excelsa. Quercus alba et Q. Quercus, Quercus cortex, Quercus robur. tinctoria, Quiniae sulpbas, Quinse disulpbas, Quinae sulpbas, Quininae sulpbas. Resina, idem, idem, Pinus sylvestris, Re- Rbamnus, Rbamni baccae, sma. Rbamnus catbarticus, Baccae. Rbeum, idem, idem, Rbeum palmatum et R. undulatum. Ra- dix. Rboeas, idem, Papaver rboeas. Peta- la. Rosa canina. Pructus. Rosa canina, Rosae fructus, Rosmarinus, idem, idem, Rosmarinus officinalis. Cacumina. Rubia, Rubia tinctorum. Rumex, Rumex acetosa. Ruta, idem, idem, Ruta graveolens. Sabina, idem, idem, Juniperus sabina. Saccbarum, idem, Saccbarum purum, Saccbarum officina- rum purificatum. Saccbarum com- Saccbarum non-puri- mune, ficatum. 442 TABLE OF PH^ London. RM ACEUTICAL NAMES. United States. Edinburgh. Dublin. Sacebari fasx, idem, Syrupus empyreuma- ticus, Salix, Salicis cortex, Salix alba, S. fragilis, S. caprea. Sambucus, idem, idem, Sambucus nigra. Santaluin, Pterocarpus, idem, Santalum rubrum. Pterocarpus santa- linus. Sapo, idem, Sapo durus, idem. Sapo mollis, idem, idem. Sarsaparilla, Sarza, idem, Sarsaparilla. Sassafras radicis cor- ■ Sassafras, idem, idem, Laurus sassa- tex, fras. Scilla, idem, idem, Scilla maritima. Scoparius, idem, Scoparium, Spartium scoparium. Senega, idem, idem, Polygala senega. Senna, idem, Senna Alexandrina Senna. et Senna Indica, Serpentaria, idem, idem, Aristolocbia serpen- taria. Sevurn, idem, idem, Adeps ovillus praspa- ratus. Siniaruba, idem, idem, Quassia simaruba. Sinapis, idem, Sinapi, Sinapis alba, S. ni- gra. Sodas boras, Borax, idem, Sodas boras, Borax. Sodas earbonas im- Sodas earbonas venale. pura, Barilla. Sodas earbonas ex- ■ Sodas earbonas ex- Sodas earbonas sic- idem. siccatus, siccata, catum, Sodii chloriduin, idem, Sodas murias, idem. Sodas bicarbonas, Sodas sesquica rbo- Sodas bicarbonas, idem. nas, , Sodas et potassas tar- Sodas potassio tar- Potassas et sodas tar- Sodas et potassas tar- tras, tras, tras, tras. Spigelia, idem, idem, Spigelia marilandica. Spiritus lavandulas Tinctura lavandulas Spiritus lavandulas idem. compositus, Spiritus myristicas, compositas, Spiritus menthas pi- peritas, idem, compositus, Spiritus menthas, idem, Spiritus menthas pi- peritas. Spiritus nucis mos- Spiritus rosmarini, Spongia, Spongia usta, idem, Staphisagria, idem, idem, idem, KjlXebljGG* Spiritus rorismarini. Spongia officinalis. Pulvis spongias ustas. Delphinium staphisa- Stramonii folia, idem, Stramonium, gria. idem, Datura stramo- Stramonii semen, Styrax, Styrax purificata, Sulphur, Sulphur lotum, Stramonii semina, idem, Styrax colatus, idem, idem, Extractum styracis, idem, Sulphur sublimat- nium. idem. Styrax officinale. Sulphur sublimatum. Sulphur lotum. Syrupus, idem, Syrupus simplex, idem. TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES — « — United States. London. Edinburgh. Syrupus aurantii Syrupus aurantii, idem, corticis, Syrupus limonis. 443 Dublin. idem. Syrupus tolutani, Syrupus limonum, Syrupus papaveris, Syrupus rboeados, Syrupus rosse, Syrupus sarzae, Syrupus tolutanus, idem, idem, Syrupus limonis. Syrupus papaveris somniferi. Syrupus rboeadis. Syrupus rosse centi- Syrupus rosee. folias, Syrupus sarsaparillae. Syrupus balsami tolu- tani. idem, idem, idem, Tabacum, Tamarindi pulpa, Tamarindus, Tanacetum, Taraxacum, idem, Tamarindus, idem, idem, idem, Terebintbina Cana densis, Testa, Testae, Tinctura aloes et Tinctura a myrrbae, posita, idem, idem, idem, idem, Balsamum Cana- Nicotiana tabacum. Tamarindus Indica. Tamarindus Indica. Tanacetum vulgare. Leontodon taraxa- cum. idem. com- Tinctura aloes et Tinctura aloes com- Tinctura assafoeti- idem, myrrha, idem, posita. Tinctura assaefoetidae. Tinctura benzoini composita, Tinctura camphorae, Tinctura castorei, idem, idem, idem, Tinctura colchici se- Tinctura colchici, minis, Tinctura cubebae, idem, idem, Tinctura bucku, idem, idem, idem, Tinctura benzois com- posita. Tinctura buchu. idem et Spiritus cam- pboratus. Tinctura castorei ros- sici. Tinctura seminum colcliici. Tinctura piperis cu- Tinctura gallae, idem, Tinctura gallarum, Tinctura guaiaci am- Tinctura guaiaci Tinctura guaiaci am- moniata, composita, moniata, Tinctura bellebori, idem, Tinctura lupuli, idem, idem. Tinctura bellebori ni- gri. Tinctura bumuli. Iodinii tinctura. Tinctura bumuli, Tinctura iodini, Tinctura iodinei, Tinctura iodini com- Tinctura iodinii com- positor, posita, Tinctura lupulina9, Tinctura lupuli, Tinctura opii cam- Tinctura campboros Tinctura opii cam- idem, pborata, composita, pborata, Tinctura saponis Linimcntum sapo- idem, idem, camphorata, nis, Tinctura sennae et Tinctura sennae com- jalapae, posita, Tinctura tolutani, Tinctura tolutani, Tinctura balsami to- lutani. Tinctura Valerianae Tinctura Valerianae Tinctura Valeriana; idem, ammoniata, composita, ammoniata, 444 United States. Tolutanum, Torinentilla, TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. London. Balsamum tolutan- um, idem, Edinburgh. idem, idem, Dublin. Toluifera balsamum. Tormentilla officina- lis. Rhus toxicodendron. Tragacantha gummi. Toxicodendron, idem, idem, Tragacantha, idem, idem, Trochisci glycyrrhi- Trochisci opii, zse et opii, Tussilago, Tussilago farfara. Unguentum antimo- Unguentum antimo- Unguentum antimo- Unguentum tartari nii, nii potassio tar- niale, emetici. tratis, Unguentum cantha- idem, Unguentum infusi Unguentum cantha- ridis, cantharidis, ridis. Ceratum cantharidis, Unguentum cantha- ridis, Unguentum cupri Unguentum serugi- Unguentum cupri subacetatis, nis, subacetatis. Unguentum gallse, Unguentum galla- rum. Unguentum gallse Unguentum gallse et compositum, opii, Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- idem. gyri, gyri fortius, gyri, Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum prsecipi- Unguentum hydrar- gyri ammoniati, gyri animonio tati albi, gyri submuriatis chloridi, ammoniati. Unguentum hydrar- idem, Unguentum citri- Unguentum hydrar- gyri ni tratis, num, gyri ni tratis vel Un- guentum citrinum. Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum hydrar- Unguentum oxidi Unguentum hydrar- gyri oxidi rubri, gyri nitrico-oxydi, hydrargyri, gyri oxydi nitrici. Unguentum iodini, Unguentum iodinii. Unguentum iodini Unguentum iodinii Unguentum iodinei, compositum, compositum, Ceratum pluinbi ace- Unguentum plumbi idem, tatis, acetatis, Unguentum simplex, idem, Unguentum cerse al- bse. Unguentum cerse fla- Unguentum veratri Unguentum veratri, albi, Unguentum zinci Unguentum zinci, oxidi, Uva passa, Uva, idem, Uvse passae, idem. Unguentum zinci ox- ydi. Vitis vinifera, Fruc- tus siccatus. Valeriana, idem, idem, Valeriana officinalis. Veratrum album, Veratrum, idem, Veratrum album. Vinum, Vinum xericum, Vinum album, Vinum album His- panum. Vinum antimonii, Vinum antimonii po- Vinum antimoniale, Liquor tartari emet- tassio-tartratis, ici. Vinum colchici ra- Vinum colchici, idem, dicis, TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES United States. London. Edinburgh. Vinum veratri albi ; Vinum veratri, Viola, Wintera, Zinci carbonas, Calamina, idem, 445 Zinci carbonas prae- Calamina prseparata, paratus, Zinci oxidum, Zinci oxydum, Zinci oxidum, Dublin. Viola odorata. Wintera aromatica. Zinci carbonas impu- rum, calamina. Zinci carbonas impu- rum pr separatum. Zinci oxydum. OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. INTERNAL REMEDIES. Powders. — These are of two kinds : simple and compound. The first are prepared by pulverization; and the second by the mixture of two or more simple powders, except where one of the ingredients is employed to facilitate the more minute division of the others, as in the case of the powder of ipecacuanha and opium. Many of the most important articles used in this form are powdered by persons who make it a special business, by grinding and stamping. When this operation is performed by the apo- thecary, or medical practitioner, it is most frequently accomplished by means of the pestle and mortar, and the sieve : but, in some cases, a stone slab and muller are required ; whilst in others the article is merely rubbed through a sieve. Whenever a substance cannot be dried completely, without an alteration of its properties, recourse must be had to an intermedium, by which the moisture may be absorbed, or its state of aggregation modified. Thus, sugar is the best intermedium in pulverizing vanilla or nutmeg. When camphor is to be pulverized, the addition of a small quantity of alcohol will much facilitate the operation. In other cases, the intermedium should be of so hard a consistence as to assist in breaking down the substance to be pulverized; thus, gold-leaf is best reduced to powder by rubbing it with sulphate of potassa, and afterwards removing this latter by means of water. The rules to be observed in the preparation of powders are : — 1. Operate, if possible, on perfectly dry articles, and in dry weather. 2. Adapt the nature of the mortar, and the mode of operating, to the nature of the substance: thus, woods and barks are to be pulverized in an iron mortar; sugar, alum, and nitre, in one of marble; corrosive sublimate in one of glass. 3. The mortar should be provided with a cover to prevent particles from being forced out by the action of the pestle, and also to arrest the escape of the finer par- ticles, which would otherwise be diffused through the atmosphere, causing a loss of the product, and an annoyance to the operator. 4. Separate, from time to time, by aid of a sieve, the pulverized portions, returning the coarser particles to the mortar; and repeat this alternate pulverization and sifting until the process is completed. Compound Powders. — 1. Each substance is to be pulverized separately, and the quantity ordered in the prescription then weighed off; otherwise, the due proportions will not be maintained. 2. Pulverize soft substances with those which are the reverse, which will thus serve as an intermedium. 3. Pass all the substances through the same sieve, as this will render them more homogeneous, and will also prevent unnecessary loss. Some substances, however well dried, are reduced to powder with great difficulty by the usual modes of pulverization ; as, for instance, nux vomica and jalap, which require to be exposed to the steam of boiling water for some time, and then rapidly dried. Few articles, except those containing volatile constituents, are deteriorated in their properties by being pulverized. Some, on the contrary, become more active by this process, from their less active portions being separated; for instance, the powder INTERNAL REMEDIES. 447 of ipecacuanha, if properly prepared, and the ligneous part rejected, is far stronger than the root — all the efficient properties existing in the cortical portion. Some other processes are employed to obtain certain powders. Precipitation. — Tartar emetic is obtained in a perfectly fine powder, by precipitation from a concentrated aqueous solution by means of alcohol; so, also, the precipitated carbonate of lime is prepared by the action of a solution of carbonate of potassa on water of muriate of lime. Elutriaticm. — This is a method by which the finer particles of a powder are separated from the coarser. It is performed by diffusing the powder through water, permitting the heavier portions to subside, then withdrawing the fluid, holding the finer particles in suspension, into another vessel, and allowing them to subside. This process is employed in making prepared chalk, &c. Granulation. — This is used to obtain certain metals in a finely divided state; as zinc, tin, iron, &c. Zinc is granulated either coarsely or finely : the first form is procured by melting the metal in an iron ladle, and pouring it slowly, in a fine stream, into cold water; the fine powder is obtained by rubbing the melted metal in an iron mortar. This metal loses its ductile properties at about 400°, and becomes so brittle as to be pul- verized without difficulty. It does not melt, except at a temperature of 773°, so that the melting is many degrees above its brittle point; hence, by beginning the tritura- tion at the melting point, it gradually reaches that at which it is most readily pulverized. The mortar should be thick and well heated before the fluid metal is poured into it. After being granulated, it should be properly sifted. The granulation of tin may be effected in the same manner; but a more common mode is to pour the melted metal into a strong wooden box, provided with a closely fitting lid, and agitating till the tin is cold; by this means, it is rapidly converted into powder and small grains, which can be separated from each other by elutriation or sifting. Iron is granulated by filing, or by means of a pestle and mortar (see page 199); but the best means to procure metallic iron in a finely divided state is by reducing it from the state of the carbonate, by means of hydrogen gas (see page 199). Pills and Boluses. — Pills are small globular masses, of a semi-solicl consistence, of the weight of half a grain to six grains, having as a base a powdery extract, &c, and rendered of the proper consistence by a syrup, pulp, &c. A bolus differs from a pill merely in being much larger, and generally less solid, weighing from six to twelve grains, and even move. No form of medicinal agents is more frequently employed than that of the pill; not only because of the facility with which it is administered, and its comparatively little taste, but because this form answers so excellent a purpose in the preservation of cer- tain compounds. The article, or articles, to be administered in this mode, should first be formed into a consistent, moderately firm mass — sufficiently plastic to admit of its being moulded into shape, without adhesion to the moulding instrument, and yet of so firm a con- sistence as to retain the form given to it. To accomplish this, the following rules must be attended to : — 1. All the constituents which can be pulverized must be reduced to the state of a fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed together. 2. If soft ingredients enter into the composition, they must be triturated -with the harder articles, which thus serve as an intermedium. 3. No deliquescent salt should enter into the composition of officinal pills; otherwise they will become altered and decomposed. 4. The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the constituents : thus, syrups are to be used for most vegetable powders; soap for fatty matters; calcined magnesia for copaiba and turpentine. In some cases, no excipient is required, as for most of the gum resins. Extracts, also, when of proper consistence, can be made into pills without any addition. Mucilage, which is often ordered in the formation of various pills, is only suited to those which are to be used in a short time after 448 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. they are made ; but is not suited to such as are to be kept, because pills into which it enters as an excipient become so hard as to pass through the bowels almost un- altered. 5. The excipient should be gradually added, and the mass beaten and triturated till it is perfectly homogeneous. 6. When the pilular mass is properly made, the next operation consists in dividing it into pills of equal size, which is effected by dividing it with a spatula into morsels of the requisite weight, and rolling them between the fingers; or, in a more effectual, rapid, and cleanly manner, by means of a pill-machine. 7. To prevent any adhesion of the pills after they are made, and to prevent any disagreeable taste, they are, in most cases, covered with an inert powder : as, powdered liquorice-root, starch, orris-root, lycopodium, and frequently with magnesia; but this latter is wholly unsuited to some preparations — for instance, to pills of calomel — as decomposition will be caused. In Europe, they are often coated with gold or silver leaf ; but this plan is seldom adopted in this country. Where, from their nauseous taste, or other circumstances, it becomes expedient to cover them, this is best done by means of gelatine. Each pill, being stuck on the point of a thin wire four or five inches in length, is dipped into a solution of gelatine, so as to coat it completely, and the wire is then inserted into a pin-cushion, or a vessel containing fine sand, and left till the gelatine is firm, which occurs in about a quarter of an hour, when the pill can be removed. (See Procter's Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 509.) Extracts. — This name is given to all products resulting from the evaporation of a solution, maceration, digestion, infusion, or of an expressed juice. They are gene- rally of a soft consistence, of a dark color, and of an odor and taste analogous to those of the substance from which they are derived. They have been classed, according to the fluid employed in obtaining them; as watery, alcoholic, ethereal, vinous, acetic, &c. Some, however, are made from the expressed juices of plants, without any inter- medium. The great object, in selecting one or more of these menstrua, is to employ that which takes up the largest proportion of the active ingredients of the root, bark, &c. ; for the most advantageous solvent -for one constituent may be wholly inefficient for others : thus, alcohol is the proper menstruum for resinous substances, water for bitter extractive, vinegar for articles containing the alkaloids, &c.-j but, in many cases, an extract, containing all the active properties of the drug, can be obtained only by a combination or a succession of different solvents. Extracts made by inspissating the expressed juices of plants have been considered to contain the active principles of the vegetable in a less altered form than by any other mode. But it has been shown that such is far from being the case, as, in some instances, the expressed juice does not contain the active constituents. Thus, in aco- nitum, much of the efficient principle is left in the residuum ; added to which, in some extracts made in this manner, the medicinal ingredients are destroyed, or much deteriorated, in the evaporation. This is obviated, in a great measure, by allowing the expressed juice to evaporate spontaneously at ordinary temperatures; or, by carrying on this process in vacuo. It has been found that extracts made by the latter method have more of the aroma and taste of the original article, keep better, and are more efficient. When inspissation of the natural juices of the plant is not practicable, a solution of the active ingredients is to be obtained by the use of certain menstrua — as water and alcohol — according to the substance to be acted upon. When the active principles are soluble in water, that fluid is to be used as the vehicle of extraction; when resinous, alcohol is to be employed ; when oleo-resinous, ether will be found the best menstruum. When it is desired that all the principles soluble in the various medicines should be re-united in the extract, the vegetable substance is first to be subjected to the action of one, and then to another, of the solvents; and the solutions thus obtained are to be mixed together, and properly inspissated. These solutions are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, and displacement. Decoction is seldom to be employed, as it affords extracts containing much inert matter, and, of course, of inferior quality. Of late years, the process of displacement has been much used in the formation of extracts, whatever the menstruum selected, as it affords a solution of OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 449 the soluble principles in the smaller quantity of fluid; and hence, prevents the inju- rious effects of too long an exposure to heat in the subsequent evaporation. (See Tinctures.) With regard to the mode of evaporating extracts, much caution is requisite, as the various constituents of these bodies are very liable to undergo decomposition when exposed to the action of heat and atmospheric air. Sometimes the evaporation, espe- cially of aqueous solutions, is performed over the naked fire; but this plan is liable to many objections, more particularly towards the close of the operation, when a small excess of heat may cause such a change in the character of the ingredients as to deprive them of all useful properties; and it is from this cause that so many of the extracts found in the shops are wholly worthless. Other and far better methods consist in the use of water and steam baths, which prevent all danger of burning the extract. In the inspissation, when conducted in open vessels, it is of importance that the evaporation should be carried on rapidly, that the solution may be exposed to the action of the air for as short a time as possible. Evaporation in vacuo is always to be preferred when practicable, as the process can not only be carried on at a lower temperature, but the deteriorating influence of the air is avoided; the great objection is the additional expense it entails on the operation. Spontaneous evaporation has also been successfully employed; though necessarily slow, it affords excellent products. It is always advantageous to aid this process by employing artificial heat to a certain degree, by conducting it in a drying room or warm closet, and by causing a current of dry air, heated to about 100°, to pass over the surface of the evaporating fluid. Extracts made in this manner keep well, not undergoing the spontaneous decomposi- tion so detrimental to extracts in general. When alcoholic solutions are to be concentrated, distillation should always be used, as not only can the alcohol be saved, but, from the process being carried on out of the atmospheric air, one great source of injury to the product is avoided. The consistence of extracts varies according to their ingredients, and the pur- poses to which they are to be applied. Two different degrees are recognized in the Pharmacopoeias: one so soft as to be readily made into pills; the other so hard as to be pulverizable. These different forms of extracts are useful because of the readiness with which they can be formed into pills or powders prescribed; but, in many cases, extracts undergo a change, some becoming soft and others hard; and one of the difficult parts of an apothecary's business is to keep these preparations of a uniform consistence. They should be preserved in glazed earthenware pots, protected as much as possible from the action of the air. Notwithstanding every precaution that can be taken, a diminution of activity will, sooner or later, take place; hence, these prepara- tions should be examined from time to time, and, if necessary, renewed. The safest plan is to renew those made from recent plants once a year. Confections, Conserves, Electuaries. — As there is no essential difference in these preparations, they may be advantageously treated under one head. They are simple and compound : the first being merely a mixture of a recent vegetable substance and sugar, beaten into a uniform mass; the second, of the same substances, but in greater numbers. In consequence of the greater simplicity of prescriptions, of late years, the number of preparations of this kind have greatly diminished, and they are employed more as vehicles for other medicines than for their own remedial powers. The I'ul lowing rules are to be observed in their preparation and preservation : — 1. The powders to be incorporated arc to be in a state of line division, and the pulps used, perfectly homogeneous, and not too fluid. 2. The mixture should be intim ite, and the consistence of the resulting mass should be solid enough to prevent a separation of the ingredients, and yet sufficiently soft to allow of its being swallowed without being masticated. :!. If the mixture swells up, and gives off carbonic acid, it is to be well rubbed in a mortar, to break down any sugar that may have crystallized, and any hard lumps that may have formed, so as again to form a uniform mass. 4. They should be preserved in earthenware or porcelain pots, well covered, and kept in a moderately moist situation. 29 450 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. Pulps are simple medicinal preparations, of a soft consistence, formed of the tissues of vegetable substances, or of some of its thin parts ; they differ from extracts in containing insoluble as well as soluble principles. They are to be prepared by rubbing the fruit, or other articles from which they are made, through a metal sieve, so as to separate the vegetable fibre from the soft parts by which it is surrounded. When the fruit is hard or dry, it is to be softened by means of boiling water, previous to expression through the sieve. The expressed pulp, if not sufficiently consistent, is to be properly evaporated. Pulps are to be preserved in the same manner as confections. Very few of these preparations are now used in medicine. Syrups. — These are liquid, viscous medicines, consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar in aqueous fluids. All fluids susceptible of dissolving more than their weight of sugar can be formed into syrups. These syrups are of two kinds : simple or compound. Simple syrup is prepared by dissolving sugar in pure water; and compound syrups are obtained by dissolving the sugar in solutions of various substances, formed by infusion, decoction, expression, &c. The former is usually made in this country from refined sugar, and not, as in Europe, from the impure and unrefined qualities of this article. All syrups require to be perfectly filtered, so as to be limpid, and should have a certain viscidity of consistence, and be capable of being preserved without entering into fermentation, or crystallizing. These latter properties depend on their containing a proper pro- portion of sugar — an excess being deposited in a crystalline form, and a deficiency causing the solution to run into fermentation. The best mode of ascertaining the proper point of concentration is by means of its specific gravity at different tempera- tures. The specific gravity of well-prepared simple syrup is, when boiling, about 1-261, and when cold 1-319; but the proper degree of concentration is more readily obtained by means of Baume's hydrometer. This should stand at about 80° in boiling syrup, and at 35° when it is cold. Other modes are also employed, which, although sufficiently accurate in the hands of an experienced operator, are not to be generally depended upon. They are derived from the degree of viscosity acquired by the syrup, as shown by the time required for the parts of a drop to re-unite, and by the length of the thread which a drop will produce before detaching itself, when poured from a spoon or ladle. When the syrup, on cooling, presents a crystalline pellicle, it is a proof that the evaporation has been carried too far; but, when the sugar has been mixed with an acid, or when the process has been too much prolonged, the sugar loses its power of crystallization, however much the syrup is concentrated, and, therefore, does not form a pellicle. The compound syrups, when kept any time, are liable to various alterations, depend- ing on their nature, and the degree of care used in their preparation. Thus, the acid syrups, as the syrup of lemons, when too concentrated, deposit a copious white pre- cipitate; and, in some cases, solidify entirely. By heating them, they again become liquid ; but again let fall a precipitate on cooling. This deposit is analogous to grape sugar, and is caused by the action of the acid on the sugar. When the sugar bears too small a proportion to the liquid, syrups are apt to run into fermentation. Even when the sugar is in proper proportion, this change often takes place, if the solution contains much amylaceous or extractive vegetable matter. Even when too much concentrated, they may also undergo this change, from part of the sugar being deposited in a crystalline state ; and the crystal, attracting the sugar necessary to the preservation of the syrup, reduces its strength, and renders it liable to the same change as though it was originally too weak. Syrups, especially those containing the juice of fruit, should be bottled whilst hot, and, when cold, well stopped and sealed ; and these, as well as all other kinds, should be kept in a temperature not exceeding 60° F. Various plans have been devised to preserve syrups ; but the best is to prepare them only in such quantities as will be used within a short time. The addition of chlorate of potassa, as advised by Maccul- loch, and of sugar of milk, as advised by Chereau, has proved useful; but the best mode is that of Mr. Durand, viz., adding about one drachm of Hoffmann's anodyne to OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 451 each pint of syrup; this appears to have the property of arresting or preventing any tendency to fermentation. Mellites, or Honeys, are liquid, viscid medicines, somewhat analogous to syrups, hut in which the sugar is replaced by honey. Like syrups, they may be divided into simple and compound, or medicated. Their preparation, medical properties, modes of administration, and preservation are very similar to those of the syrups, and do not, therefore, require further notice. Though formerly much used, they are now seldom prescribed, as they are often found to disagree with the stomach, especially if made with the honey of commerce in an unpurified state. Infusions are aqueous solutions, made by treating vegetable products with cold or hot water, but never carried to ebullition. They are seldom made by the apothecary, who merely furnishes the medicinal ingredients; whilst the preparation is usually confided to the nurse or other attendant on the patient. This plan, although more economical than when the preparation is compounded by the apothecary, often renders the prescription of the physician of little avail, from the infusion being erroneously made. They are generally prepared by pouring boiling water on the ingredients, and macerating in a tightly-covered vessel until the liquid cools; or the vessel is kept for some time at a low heat before a fire. In most cases, an infusion should be strained or filtered before being used; but, in general, nurses are content merely to decant them for use. The vessels in which infusions are made are usually of stone or earthenware. When it is an object to retain the heat as long as possible, polished metallic vessels, provided they are not acted upon by the infusion, are to be preferred, as, from their inferior radiating powers, they retain heat better than earthenware. Infusions are mostly made for extemporaneous use, as they are exceedingly liable to decomposition, and consequently cannot be kept for any time without spoiling. They may, however, be preserved for some time by pouring them, whilst hot, into bottles, so as to fill them, and forcing in stout corks. If the operation be properly performed, so as to perfectly exclude the air, the infusion will keep for some months. An infusion made with cold water, by the process of displacement, has less tendency to spoil than one made in the usual manner with hot water. Decoctions differ from infusions in the circumstance that the substance to be acted upon is subjected to the solvent action of the menstruum at its boiling point, and con- tinued for a longer or shorter period, according to the solubility of the substance, or its constituents. By decoction, all the principles soluble in water can be obtained; and even many substances not properly soluble in that fluid are diffused through it, and held in suspension. On the other hand, many substances are injured or destroyed by decoction, especially when their active principles are volatile, and when, during ebullition, chemical changes take place, by which the active constituents are rendered insoluble, or are decomposed. In fact, protracted ebullition is seldom required since the process of displacement has been known, as it has been found that water at a common temperature, by this method, will exhaust most vegetable substances more effectually than the same fluid at 212° by decoction. There are some exceptions; as all emulsive preparations, and certain gummy solutions, require ebullition. As in the case of infusions, decoctions are only made extemporaneously, for they readily de- compose by keeping. They should be prepared in closed vessels, and generally in those of earthenware. Copper vessels should be used with great care, as many vege- table decoctions corrode them, especially if permitted to cool in them. Iron vessels are not to be employed when the decoction contains tannin or gallic acid. Zinc is very rapidly acted upon by many vegetable substances, and should, therefore, be avoided. In all cases, the vessels employed should be deep and narrow, rather than broad and shallow, to obviate as much as possible the influence of the air on the product. Tinctures arc solutions of vegetable, animal, and, in some cases, of mineral sub- stances in spirituous fluids. The spirit employed is alcohol, cither diluted or undiluted, either pure or medicated; and, in some cases, ether. The form of tincture is one much 452 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. used in pharmacy; it presents the active principles of drugs in a small volume, it can be preserved in an unaltered state for a long time, and is, in most cases, well adapted to unite with other substances in extemporaneous prescriptions. Tinctures are made by maceration, or by displacement. Maceration is an operation in which, by the action of a fluid at common tempera- tures, continued for a certain length of time, a solution of the principles of an organic substance in that fluid is obtained. As before stated, in making tinctures, the strength of the spirituous menstruum employed is varied according to circumstances. If the substance to be acted upon is resinous, alcohol is to be employed; if it contains also matters soluble in water, and insoluble in pure alcohol, this article, in a diluted state, is to be used. The period of maceration varies from some hours to several weeks; and, during the process, the vessel in which it is performed should be kept closed, to pre- vent evaporation. When the spirit has remained upon the substance for the directed period, it should be decanted, instead of being left, as is too often the case, standing on the dregs until it is used. This practice is erroneous, and may be attended with evil consequences; for the characters and properties of a tincture which has been suffered to remain too long in contact with the solid ingredients, will often be found to differ considerably from what they would have been if the process had been termi- nated at the indicated time. When a tincture is made by maceration, it requires to be filtered, after being separated from the dregs; otherwise, it will be turbid, and deposit much insoluble matter on standing. Displacement. — This process is of comparatively late introduction in the making of tinctures, &c. For a great proportion of these preparations, it is decidedly to be pre- ferred to maceration; but for others it has not proved so satisfactory. Mohr and lledwood observe, on this point : — " When tinctures are made in large quantities, displacement is never likely to supersede maceration, on account of any practical advantages it may possess. If the prescribed directions be duly attended to, the process of maceration is unexceptionable. The process is more simple than the other; the mode of operating is more uniform, it is, in fact, always the same; it requires less of skill and dexterity in conducting it; it requires less constant attention during its progress, which, in operating on large quantities, is a consideration; and, finally, the apparatus required is less complicated. "When only small quantities of tincture are made at a time, and kept in stock, the adoption of the process of displacement will often be found convenient and advan- tageous. It offers the means of making a tincture in two or three hours, which, by the other process, would require as many weeks. The process being thus completed in so short a time, for the quantity contemplated might be made at one operation, it would not be so likely as the other to experience neglect during the performance of it, or a deviation from the prescribed instructions; the product would, therefore, be more uniform. Finally, in many cases, the tincture and spirit may be removed from the dregs more completely, in operating on small quantities, by this process, than by the other." Several forms of displacement-apparatus are used in this country, but the one most frequently employed is that of Boullay. It is a vessel nearly cylindrical, made of tin, with its lower end funnel-shaped. It is made of various sizes: with the cylinder 12 inches in length by 2 I in diameter, or 14 by 4, or 17 by 6. A movable metallic plate, pierced with numerous holes, and provided with a knob or handle in the centre, and fitted accurately to the lower part of the cylinder, is to be placed in the projecting supports. On this, a thin stratum of carded cotton, covered with the powder to be operated upon, is to be laid, and the process carried on as directed above. This apparatus should be furnished with a stopcock at the lower end. Soubeiran has made an improvement on this filter by adapting to it a tin receiver, provided with a cock at the lower part, so that the filtered liquor can be drawn off at will. The substance to be exhausted must be reduced to various degrees of division in different instances; but, for the most part, the form of coarse powder is the most suitable, because, when the powder is very fine, the fluid is apt to be arrested in its passage, after becoming satu- rated with the soluble principles. In general, it is proper to soak the powder for a few hours with a sufficiency of the spirit, to make it into a stiff pulp, before putting it into OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 453 the cylinder; otherwise, the spirit may make narrow passages for itself, and leave a part of the material unacted on : but, in some instances, no such preliminary step is necessary, and here, as in the case of tincture of myrrh, the best procedure is to introduce the powder in the dry state, and to pour the spirit over it. Before the spirit is poured over the pulp or powder, it must be packed in the cylinder. The degree of pressure to be used, which varies in different instances, is to be learned only from experience in each case ; and it may be observed, that this is the operation on the correct performance of which the success of the process chiefly depends, and the only one which requires some skill and nicety of management. If the material be loosely packed, the spirit will pass through too quickly, and not sufficiently saturated ; if too firm pressure be employed, percolation will take place too slowly, or not at all. On the whole, the firmness of the packing should be inversely as the solvent power of the spirit upon the solid materials; but to this rule there are many exceptions. Since the fluid, for an obvious reason, passes after a time with increasing speed, it is occasionally necessary to press down the matter in the cylinder as the process advances; but neither does this rule always apply. In some operations, especially those on the large scale, it is found useful to promote the displacement by pressure. This may be produced simply by supplying the solvent through a tube several feet high, adapted to the upper end of the cylinder, and terminating at the top in a funnel. A still better method, as involving the use of less spirit, consists in the use of compressed air. By means of a condensing syringe, or a column of water or mercury in a tube, air is con- densed in the bottle below; and when the material and spirit have been introduced into the percolator, the top is tightly secured by a screw, and the compressed air admitted by a stopcock. This method answers excellently on the small scale with a column of mercury. The solution which first passes through in this process is always in a state of high concentration. In general, it is a simple solution of the soluble ingredients of the crude drug in the fluid employed. But sometimes the solvent, if compound, is resolved into its component parts ; and the fluid which passes through is only one of these, holding the soluble parts of the drug in solution. Thus, if diluted alcohol be poured over powder of myrrh, in the cylinder, the fluid which first drops into the receiver is a solution of oily consistence, composed of resin and volatile oil dissolved in alcohol. And, if powder of galls be acted on in like manner, by aqueous sulphuric ether, two layers of fluid are obtained, a highly concentrated solution of tannin in the water of the ether, and a weak solution of the same principle in pure ether. Displacement is accomplished, in the manner here described, with little or no inter- mixture of the liquid above, with that which is below, in the pulpy mass. If, after the pulp has been allowed to drain till drops cease to fall, the quantity of spirit retained by it be ascertained — that is, by subtracting what has dropped from what has been used to make the pulp, — and the same quantity be poured gently over the mass, repeat- edly, as soon as the dropping caused by each successive addition ceases, a scries of liquids will be obtained by the simple displacement of one another in the pulp; and the last portion of spirit used may be obtained by pouring over the pulp the same quantity of water. Hence, one of the many advantages possessed by this method of making tinctures, over the ordinary mode by maceration and expression, is that no part of the tincture is lost by being left behind in the residuum. Even when a strict attention is paid to the prescribed formula, the resulting tinc- tures may be found to vary in medicinal strength ; for any variation in the activity of the drug will influence the tincture. These preparations, although retaining their properties better than other vegetable solutions, will gradually undergo changes, from age and exposure, either losing their color, depositing insoluble matter, or, in sonic cases, as in that of the tincture of kino, becoming less astringent, and gradually gela- tinizing. Wines are tinctures in which the menstruum is wine. The wine ordered to be employed by the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeias is Sherry. The solvent power of winc-3 on vegetable products depends on the water and alcohol they contain; the other principles found in them are injurious to it as an excipient, the mucilage disposing 454 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. to fermentation, and the coloring matters and tannin often decomposing the active principles of the vegetable substances dissolved in it. On this account, these prepara- tions are now going out of use, and mixtures of alcohol and water, of the proper strength, substituted as solvents. These can always be made of definite strength, which can seldom be attained when wine is used. Medicated wines are made by maceration or displacement; but the latter process is seldom used. In whatever way they are prepared, they are very liable to undergo a change, and hence should be made in small quantities only, and kept in well-closed bottles, and in a cool and dark place. Vinegars are solutions of certain parts of vegetables in distilled vinegar or diluted acetic acid. Few of these preparations are officinal; but, in some cases, the state of solution in distilled vinegar is the best that can be desired, at least as far as energy is concerned. This is particularly the case when the activity of the medicinal substance depends on the presence of an alkaloid, which, by uniting with the acetic acid, forms a salt that is readily soluble; and, therefore, may be more perfectly extracted than by other menstrua. As even distilled vinegar contains vegetable matter, rendering it liable to decom- position, it has been found advantageous to substitute acetic acid, properly diluted. In consequence of this liability to become decomposed, medicated vinegars should be made in small quantities, and renewed at short intervals. In many cases, the acetates of the vegetable alkaloids, dissolved in water or diluted alcohol, may be substituted for medicated vinegars, producing all their good effects, and attended with but few of their disadvantages. Mixtures are liquid medicines containing two or more ingredients, generally of extemporaneous preparation, though a few are recognized as officinal. They are in very constant use in the administration of remedies. The ingredients which usually enter into their composition are salts, and other solid bodies which are soluble, or readily miscible with aqueous fluids; also tinctures, spirits, syrups, decoctions, &c. In making a mixture, the objects to be attained are the perfect solution of the soluble ingredients, and an equal diffusion of those which are not so, through the excipient, as well as the thorough admixture of all the constituents, so that each dose shall be similarly composed. The combination of articles in a mixture is effected either by agitation, or by rubbing the ingredients together in a mortar. When volatile substances enter into a mixture, they should be added last. Insoluble powders, which are easily diffused through a fluid, may be mixed with the liquid ingredients, by merely shaking them together in the bottle. When, however, powders do not mix readily with liquids, they must be triturated in a mortar with a small quantity of the fluid, gradually adding more, until they are of the consistence of thin paste. In the same manner, extracts and electuaries are to be rubbed down with a portion of the excipient previous to putting them in the bottle. Draughts differ from mixtures only in being designed to be taken at a single dose. This is not a common mode of prescribing medicines, but in some cases it is advan- tageous, as, when it is wished to apportion the doses of a medicine accurately, or when the medicine is liable to undergo a change from the action of air. Emulsions are mixtures containing substances of an oleaginous or resinous nature suspended in aqueous fluids by the aid of gum, syrup, yolk of eggs, or any viscid matter. It is a mechanical compound, and the union of its ingredients is promoted and reudered more or less permanent by the addition of an alkali. Emulsions are made by triturating certain oleaginous seeds with water, or by mixing the oil procured from them with the necessary ingredients ; and also from gum resins in the same manner. Sometimes they are made with oils and an alkali. In making an emulsion of the oils or oleo-resins with mucilage, the former should be gradually added to the latter; by adding the mucilage to the oil, a good emulsion cannot be formed. Mu- cilage is preferable to an alkali in making many emulsions, as those with castor oil or copaiba; an alkali is preferable in forming an emulsion of almond or olive oil; but an emulsion formed with either of these agents alone will often separate, if the other be added. The presence of soluble salts in an emulsion is also apt to OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 455 cause a separation of the oil. Much spirit will produce the same effect in emulsions made with mucilage, and an acid in those made with an alkali. Some substances cannot be formed into good emulsions either with an alkali or with mucilage. This is the case with spermaceti and oil of turpentine. In such cases, the yolk of an egg is the best agent for effecting the admixture, by rubbing clown the ingredients in a mortar. Volatile oils are most readily made into an emulsion by being previously mixed with one of the terebinthinate fixed oils. Scammony is formed into an emulsion by means of milk; but resin of jalap will not unite with this fluid, and is best emulsion- ized by triturating it with almonds and water. Emulsions should be made with cold water, and strained. Mr. W. Procter gives the following valuable directions for making emulsions (Phil. Joum. Pharm. xv. 11): "In making an emulsion, a good deal depends even on so slight a circumstance as the form and material of the mortar and pestle. An emul- sion may, indeed, be made in a smooth porcelain mortar, but the process is unques- tionably more successful and easy in a Wedgewood one, and still more so in the old- fashioned marble mortar, which is generally used to this day by the druggists and apothecaries in England. But whatever be the composition of the mortar, it is essen- tial that it should be perfectly round at the bottom; not flattish, as is sometimes the case ; and the pestle should be so formed as in its motion to leave no hollows between its base and the concave surface of the mortar. Otherwise, the emulsion will most probably be imperfect. The mucilage or other viscid substance should always be put into the mortar before anything else : the oil (or balsam) may then be very gradually rubbed in, taking care not to add it more quickly than it can be subdued by the pestle ; and if, during this part of the manipulation, the mixture should begin to assume a break- ing or curdling appearance at the edges, a few drops of water must be immediately incorporated with it, before adding the remainder of the oil. For want of this precau- tion, I have often known an emulsion suddenly to lose its tenacious consistence in the mortar, and it is then in vain to endeavor to restore it. After the oil is thoroughly incorporated, some care is requisite to avoid separating it again by too hasty an effusion of the water or other fluid of the mixture ; and, if any alcoholic or acid liquid is to be added, it must be at the very end of the process. Indeed, an acid liquid, even a slightly acescent syrup, will often entirely destroy the emulsion. Mixtures of copaiba are frequently spoiled by the addition of spir. eth. nit.; which might be avoided by first diluting it with one or two portions of water." Medicated Waters. — This term is used by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to designate all preparations of water impregnated with medicinal substances, not appertaining to other classes of preparations. It includes the Distilled Waters of the British Colleges, and is a more appropriate designation, because many of the latter preparations are not distilled waters, but are made with an essential oil united to the water by trituration or agitation, no distillation being employed. By Distillation. — There are two modes of obtaining medicated waters by this process : 1st, by distilling the water directly off the substances ; 2d, by employing the essential oil already separated from the vegetable, and distilling it over with the water. In most cases, where the fresh plant can be procured, it is to be preferred. Many of these substances lose their volatile oil and fragrant properties when dried; but, in some instances, the oil is retained, notwithstanding desiccation. Many which lose the oil by the process of drying retain it fully for a length of time, when preserved by being beat into a pulp with common salt; and, when used in this state, afford very good distilled waters. The material which supplies the volatile oil is, in general, simply mixed with the water in a state of fine division ; and this is probably the best mode, where heat is used in such a way as to exclude the risk of empyreuma. If it does not require to be finely divided, as in the case of fresh leaves and flowers, it may be put conveniently into a net-bag, which, suspended in the middle of the still, may be withdrawn with facility, when its contents arc exhausted. Some manufacturers use, not water, but steam, for obtaining distilled waters : that is, the material to be distilled is spread 456 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. over a fine gauze partition, or a plate perforated with numerous small holes, and steam is driven through the mass. When the vegetable substance to be exhausted is a bark, wood, or other solid mat- ter, it must be reduced to a state of moderately fine division. But this is not gene- rally necessary in the case of leaves or flowers, because boiling water breaks down the cells in which the volatile oil is contained. When leaves, however, are thick and lea- thery, as in the instance of the cherry-laurel, the process is facilitated by chopping them down ; and, in most cases, where leaves are large, it is difficult to get a sufficient quantity into the still without cutting them into pieces. In preparing the finer kinds of distilled waters, it is necessary to clean the materials carefully, to remove all decayed leaves or flowers, or those infested by insects, and sometimes also to separate the leaf-stalks, or the green claw of the petals. Heat may often be applied directly to the vessel ; but in this way empyreuma is apt to be occasioned, especially in large operations, in consequence of the solid matters remaining fixed at the bottom. To avoid this, it is usual to apply the heat, in limited operations, through the medium of a solution of hydrochlorate of lime, which raises a temperature between 212° and 270°, according to its strength — or by means of an oil-bath, with a thermometer to regulate the temperature ; and, on the great scale, it is best applied by means of steam admitted under pressure into a space surrounding the still. — Another cause of the empyreumatic taint of some distilled waters is the formation of a species of mucilaginous substance, at the expense of the volatile oil. This substance, which forms chiefly when the distillation is pushed too fast, or too far, and is seen encrusting globules of volatile oil, undissolved in the water, is apt to deposit itself on the side of the still, above the boiling materials, where it is after- wards decomposed by the heat. This fact explains the well-known observation, that the finest distilled waters are obtained by gentle distillation, and by abstaining from complete exhaustion of the materials. A still greater improvement is to prepare them with the vacuum-still, in the same way as is now often practiced in making extracts. The other mode of obtaining medicated waters by distillation is by employing the volatile oil, previously separated from the plant, for the vegetable itself. This mode of operating affords a product less liable to change than the above; but it is not so aromatic as when obtained from the fresh plant. Distilled waters, however carefully they may be kept, are apt, sooner or later, to lose their aroma ; and some of them even become mouldy, and acquire thereby an un- pleasant odor. They have been thought to keep better with the addition of about a fortieth part of rectified spirit; which may be either put into the still with the water, or added afterwards to the distilled fluid. But the advantages of this addition, although sanctioned by the authority of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, are doubted by practical men. It is believed that the most effectual precaution for preserving them is to prepare them with extremely pure natural waters, such as snow, rain, or very fine spring water (Midler), free especially of any unusual proportion of carbonic acid; and to keep them in black, orange, or red bottles, not in bottles of clear glass (Hanle). A better mode of procedure is to re-distil the water as soon as any change is per- ceived in it ; this restores its original odor, and renders it less subject to alteration. By Admixture. — Another method of making medicated waters is by impregnating the water with the volatile oil, by triturating them together with the addition of carbonate of magnesia, and filtering to remove the latter. This affords an excellent product, as it is pure and permanent. The addition of the carbonate of magnesia is merely to enable the operator to produce such a minute division of the oil as will enable water to act on it more efficiently. Other powders act in the same way, and are preferred by some manufacturers. Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils. — Volatile oils are contained in vege- table cells, generally peculiar, and often so large as to be distinct to the naked eye. Sometimes they exist in such abundance that the oil may be obtained by mere expres- sion. The oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, and citron are prepared in this way by the manufacturer; and from many other substances, such as the unripe germen of OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 457 rue, and the undeveloped corolla of the clove-tree, oils may be squeezed out by pres- sure with the nail. In some rare instances, as in that of the Liquid Borneo-Camphor from the Dryobalanops Camphora, and that of the Laurel-oil of G-uiana from a species of Ocotea, volatile oil is obtained largely, and of considerable purity, by exudation from incisions. Much more frequently, however, it is exuded spontaneously, or from inci- sions, as a turpentine in combination with resin, or as a gum-resin in union with both gum and resin. Most frequently of all, it cannot be obtained by any of these modes, but adheres with more or less force to the flowers, leaves, fruit, bark, or wood, which contain it. In that case, it is sometimes destroyed or dispersed when the plant is dried, more especially if the organ which contains it is the flower ; but often, when contained in the leaf, and very generally, if contained in the seed, bark, or wood, it is retained in part, or altogether, under desiccation, and even under long keeping. In some instances, it appears that the volatile oil obtained from plants does not exist ready formed, but is produced, on bruising or distilling them with water, through the reaction of other principles on one another. Of this mode of production, two remarkable examples exist — the volatile oils of the bitter almond and black mus- tard seed; and it is probable that the oils of cherry-laurel leaves, peach leaves, and of the leaves of other amygdalaceous plants, are similarly circumstanced. A few volatile oils used in medicine are obtained by expression, such as the oils of orange, lemon, and bergamot, already mentioned. When oils exude along with resin in the form of turpentine, they may be separated from the resin by heat alone, as they are volatilizable at about the temperature of 400°. But thus obtained, they cannot be of fine quality, because the heat required is too near that at which resins, as well as the oils themselves, undergo decomposition. In general, therefore, this plan is not followed, for pharmaceutic purposes; and volatile oils are obtained from turpentines by distilling them with water. For, although they do not enter into ebullition at the temperature of boiling water, their vapors pass over in large quantity with steam; and, condensing along with it, form distilled waters — with volatile oils either floating on the water, or, more rarely, sinking to the bottom. The volatile oils of many vegetable substances are to be separated in this way alone, because the other principles, con- tained along with them in the crude substances, are empyreumatized by the higher temperature which is required to disengage the oil without the co-operation of watery vapor. In some instances, it has been thought advantageous to substitute for water in the still a strong solution of common salt, because a somewhat higher tempera- ture is required to boil it. There seems an advantage, in this change, for the rectifica- tion of oils previously obtained from the raw materials in which they reside ; but the advantage in the case of distillation from crude vegetable substances is doubtful. The method of distilling volatile oils differs little from that described above for pre- paring distilled waters. The same precautions must be observed in applying heat, and for the same reasons. The formation of mucilaginous matter at the expense of the oil, towards the close of the distillation, is shown by the globules of oil coming over enveloped in a fine pellicle of it. The quantity of water must be proportionally less, or, rather, the same portion of water is to be used with successive portions of the material which yields the oil; otherwise, a material loss is sustained by solution of the oil in the water. In some instances, where the oil exists in low proportion, and is of great value, the distilled fluid should be left at rest for some time, and exposed to as low a temperature as can be commanded. The mixed vapors which pass over condense into a milky-looking fluid, which, after standing some time in the receiver, separates into two portions, one a solution of a part of oil in water, and the other of the oil itself, which occupies the upper or lower part, according as it is lighter or heavier than the water. Chevallier gives the following rules for the distillation of volatile oils : — 1. To operate upon large quantities, in order to obtain a greater product, and of bettor quality. 2. To conduct the distillation rapidly. 3. To divide the substances minutely, in order to facilitate the extrication of the oil. 4. To employ only sufficient water to prevent the plant from burning. 458 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 5. For substances whose oil is heavier than water, to saturate the water in the still with common salt, to raise the boiling point, and thus to enable the vapor to carry over more of the oil. G. To employ, when possible, water which had already been distilled from off the same substances, and had thus become saturated with oil. 7. For oils naturally fluid, to cool the liquid in the refrigeratory frequently; but to retain it at 80° to 90° for those oils which easily become solid. After the distillation, the oil should be separated from the water ; for this purpose, several ingenious instruments have been devised, an account of which will be found in Procter's edition of Molxr and Redwood's Pharmacy, pp. 354, 355. The following table, from Chrislison's Dispensatory, showing the proportion of volatile oil obtained from the chief medicinal vegetable substances, according to the most recent experiments, will be found useful. The data are chiefly extracted or calculated from experiments by M. Raybaud in the Journal de Pharmacie, xx. — by Dr. Martius in Repertorium fur die Pharmacie, xxxix. — by Dr. Bley in the same work, xlviii. — by M. Dann and by M. Voelter in the same work, lv. ; — and a few have been added from experiments of my own. The numbers represent the number of ounces obtained from 100 pounds avoirdupois. The letters before the figures refer to the authority for each. Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond - Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond - Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond (Duflos) Angelica Archangelica — dried root .... Anthemis nobilis — fresh flowers raised at Grasse Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers do. Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers, long kept, Germany Antliemis nobilis — flowers freshly dried ... Anthemis nobilis — flowers 12 months dried ... Apium graveolens — dried fruit ..... Apium Petroselinum — fresh herb, after flowering Apium Petroselinum — dry fruit, France - - - - Apium Petroselinum — dry fruit, Germany ... Artemisia Absinthium — fresh herb, Paris ... Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, recent, Germany Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, a year old, Germany Artemisia Absinthium — dried herb, 3 years old, Germany Artemisia ? Wormseed of commerce ... Artemisia ? Levant wormseed .... Calamus aromaticus — fresh root, Germany ... Calamus aromaticus — recently dried, Germany - - - Calamus aromaticus — long dried, Germany ... Carum Carui — dried fruit of French commerce - - - Carum Carui — dried fruit of German commerce Carum Carui, do. do. ... Carum Carui, do. do. ... Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Bourbon ... Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Cayenne ... Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. ... Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Molucca : French commerce - Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. English commerce - Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, average, German commerce - Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, finest, do. Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves; German commerce Cinnamomum zeylanicum — cinnamon of commerce Cinnamomum Cassia — cassia bark of commerce Citrus Aurantium — Sweet orange flowers, 1 May, Nice Citrus vulgaris — Bitter orange flowers, 7 May, Nice Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 12 May, Carmet Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 16 July, Paris Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 14 Dec, Paris Citrus Aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Citrus Aurantium, do. by distillation Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Citrus vulgaris, do. by distillation Citrus Limetta — rind of 100 limes, by distillation Ra. 0.38 Vo. 7.70 0.S to 4.80 Ra. 4.50 Ra. 0.75 Ra. 1.38 Bl. 4.50 Steer. 5.33 Steer. 3.0 Ra. 9.00 Ra. 3.3S Ra. 12.0 Da. 30.0 Ra. 2.0 Ma. 16.0 Bl. S.75 Ma. 5.0 Ra. 3.0 Vo. 10.8 Ma. 16.0 Bl. 17.5 Da. 14.3 Ra. 50.12 Ma. 66.5 Da. 46.6 Vo. 70.0 Ra. 144.0 Ra. 152.0 Bl. 125.0 Ra. 148.0 Ra. 112.5 Vo. 226.0 Da. 250.0 Steer. 272.0 Ra. 1.56 Ra. 12.0 Ra. 5.0 Ra. 5.9 Ra. 4.12 Ra. 0.9 Ra. 6.5 Ra. 2.5 Ra. 2.75 Ra. 4.0 Ra. 4.25 Ra. 2.12 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 459 Citrus Bergamium — rind of 100 bergamots, by distillation Citrus Limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by expression Citrus Limonum, do. by distillation Cochlearia Armoracia — fresh seeds -■.— ■- Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of French commerce Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of German commerce Croton Eleutheria — cascarilla bark - Cum i num. Cyminum — dry fruit of French commerce Cuminum Cyminum — dry fruit of German commerce Daucus Carota — dry fruit .... Daucus Carota — fresh root - Dracocephalum moldavicum — flowering herb Drimys Winteri — Winter's bark (probably, however, only Canell Eugenia Pimenta — pimenta berries, Jamaica Foeniculum officinale — dry fruit of French commerce Foeniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce - Foeniculum officinale, do. do. Foeniculum officinale. do. do. Foeniculum officinale — flowering herb, Grasse Foeniculum officinale — herb after flowering, Grasse Galipea officinalis — Cuspariabark of commerce Genista canadensis — Rhodium-wood ... Geum urbanum — dry roots - Hyssopus officinalis — flowering herb, Grasse Illicium anisatum — star anise-fruit ... Illicium anisatum — star-anise-fruit - Juniperus communis — green berries, 12 Sept. Juniperus communis — ripe berries, 1 Dec, France Juniperus communis, do. fresh, Germany Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany Juniperus Sabina — fresh twigs, 5 March, Grasse Juniperus Sabina — fresh twigs, 2 Oct., Paris Juniperus Sabina — dried twigs, recent, Germany Juniperus Sabina — dried twigs, a year old, Germany Larix Cedrus — fresh cedar wood, Paris - Larix Cedrus — cedar wood of commerce Laurus nobilis — fresh leaves, 26 Jan., Paris Laurus nobilis — leaves some years dried, Germany Laurus nobilis, ( fresh leaves, ) poor soil, low site Laurus nobilis, < early in Oct. > poor soil, high site Laurus nobilis, (_ near Edinb. j very fine soil, low site Lavandula vera — flowering herbs, 2 Aug., Grasse Lavandula vera, do. 2 Aug., Grasse, north Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 26 July, Soureillas Lavandula vera — herb after flowering, 26 Sept., Soureillas Lavandula Spica — fresh herb, 24 July, Paris Lavandula Spica — fresh herb, 4 Aug., Grasse Lavandula Stoechas — dried spikes Ligusticum Levisticum — fresh herb, Pan's Melissa officinalis — fresh flowering herb Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Grasse Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Paris Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Mentha Pulegium — fresh flowering herb Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, finest - Myristica moschata, do. fine Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, fine Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 20, Grasse Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 6, Paris in Majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Grasse Origanum Majorana do. August 3, Paris Origanum vulgare do. September 15, Paris Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of French commerce Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit, new, German commerce Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit, old, do. Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of do. exposure ilba) Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Da. Bl. Ra. Bl. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ma. Bl. Da. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Da. Ra. Ra. Do. Mi Bl. Ra. Ra. Ma. Ma. Ra. Ra. Ra. Bl. Chr. Chr. Chr. Ra. R; Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Bl. Ma. Ra. Vo. Bl. Bl. Bl. Bl. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ra. Ma. Ma. Vo. 17.12 11.5 9.12 9.0 15.0 7.62 12.5 6.43 1.12 0.25 6.25 3.40 15.62 21.0 1.0 154.0 125.0 65.6 108.25 64.1 4.5 2.5 8.5 4.4 0.4 35.12 37.5 27.0 25.0 460 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. Pimpinella Anisum — dry fruit of German commerce ... Piper Cubeba — Cubebs of French commerce .... Piper nigrum — White pepper of French commerce Piper nigrum — Black pepper of do. do. - Primus Lauro-cerasus — fresh leaves, November 23, Paris Primus Lauro-cerasus, ( fresh leaves ~) undeveloped. June 7 - from the same I half-grown, June 7 - plants: near /"full-grown, 8 weeks on tree, July 15 Edinburgh, ) 12 months on tree, June 2 fresh leaves of the same ) 3 months on the tree plant, 1 Sept., 1836, Edin. 5 15 months on the tree n — lesser cardamoms - Prunus Lauro-cerasus, Primus Lauro-cerasus, Prunus Lauro-cerasus, Prunus Lauro-cerasus, Prunus Lauro-cerasus, Renealmia Cardamom Rosa centifolia — fresh flowers, Grasse - Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Grasse - Rosmarinus officinalis, do. Paris ... Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 20 July, Grasse - Ruta graveolens, do. 28 July, Paris - Ruta graveolens — flowering herbs, newly dried, Germany Ruta graveolens — dried seeds, South of France - Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse - - - Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris ... Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse - - - Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris - - - Santalum album — sandal wood of commerce - Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, Germany, 12 months old Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, Germany, fresh - Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, France, fresh ... Sinapis nigra — black-mustard-seed, France .... Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 9 July, Grasse Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 25 July, Paris Tanacetum vulgare — fresh tops. Germany .... Tanacetum vulgare — dried flowering herb, Germany - Thuya occidentals, ( fresh ^ aged, stunted tree; exposed. Oct. 21 Thuya oecidentalis, J twigs (aged, vigorous; sheltered. Oct. 21 Thuya oecidentalis, j near T young, vigorous; exposed. Oct. 9 Thuya oecidentalis, (, Edin. ) young, vigorous; exposed; fine soil. Sept. 26 Thymus Serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 6 Aug., Grasse Thymus Serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 5 July, Puris Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 16 Aug., Grasse Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 13 July, Paris - Valeriana officinalis — dry root, a year old, Germany ... Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany .... Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany .... Verbena odorata — fresh flowering herb, Paris - Zingiber officinale — dry root of commerce .... Volatile oils should be preserved in dark bottles, carefully closed and nearly full. When kept for any time, they are apt to undergo certain changes, becoming dark- colored, losing their agreeable odor, and growing thick and clammy. It is then neces- sary to re-distil them with a certain portion of water, by which the undecomposed portion is again obtained in a pure state. Another mode is to agitate with recently heated animal charcoal; this restores their clearness, and in a great measure their fragrance. Da. 43.75 Ra. 19.5 Ra. 16.0 Ra. 18.12 Ra. 2.12 Chr. 10.13 Chr. 7.20 Chr. 4.96 Chr 1.04 Chr. 7.04 Chr. 2.24 Ra. 11.42 Ra. 0.25 Ra. 5.0 Ra. 3.5 Ra. 4.12 Ra. 0.63 Bl. 4.4 Ra. 19.0 Ra. 6.0 Ra. 2.5 Ra. 4.0 Ra. 3.05 Ra. 5.0 Da. 3.9 Da. 5.0 Da. 7.75 Vo. 9.1 Ra. 1.2 Ra. 5.8 Da. 5.0 Bl. 15.6 Chr. 10.8 Chr. 10.25 Chr. 18.25 Chr. 26.40 Ra. 5.0 Ra. 0.9 Ra. 6.5 Ra. 3.75 Bl. 30.16 Da. 15.0 Vo. 10.5 Ra. 3.1 Ra. 10.8 Fixed Oil and Fats. — Fixed oils are obtained from the seeds of vegetables, by expression, by boiling the bruised seeds in water and removing the oil that rises to the surface, and by dissolving out the oil by means of a menstruum. By Expression. — This is accomplished in several ways : By means of the wedge press, or by a screw or hydraulic press, the former being the more generally employed. In almost all cases, it becomes requisite to heat the seeds gently, to render the oil more liquid; but care must be taken that the heat is not too great; otherwise, the oil will become of a dark color, and acquire an unpleasant taste. It is by this method that linseed and castor oils are obtained. The oil, as it comes from the press, is seldom pure or fit for use; it is freed from these impurities by boiling with water, and separating the pure oil. These oils are often colored, owing, in most cases, to heating OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 461 the seeds too much; this is peculiarly the case with linseed oil, which is seldom seen of a light color. By Decoction. — This is effected by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and skimming off the oil as it rises to the surface. This plan is also employed in making cod-liver oil, as well as in the manufacture of castor oil in the West Indies. By Solution. — This affords a very pure oil, but is seldom employed on account of expense. It is, however, useful in facilitating the extraction of some of the thick and viscid oils. Thus, croton oil is more readily obtained by mixing the ground seeds with half their weight of alcohol, and, after letting the mixture stand for some time, sub- mitting it to pressure, and distilling off the spirit from the product. Solution in ether is also useful in some cases, when expense is not an object; oil of ergot is best obtained in this manner. The solid oils, as oil of cocoa, &c, require the aid of heat in their expression, and the ground material containing them is therefore placed between heated plates in the press. Animal Fats. — Formerly, the fats of many animals were employed in pharmacy; but, at present, those principally used are lard, suet, and beef's marrow. To render these fit for pharmaceutic purposes, the crude material is to be cut in small pieces, freed as much as possible from all extraneous substances, and placed in a boiler with water, and heated until it is fused; the heat is continued till the water has evaporated, and the fluid fat is then strained. These fats are best preserved by being run into " jars, and kept from the action of the air. Alkaloids. — The vegetable alkaloids may be obtained by a variety of processes ; but these invariably comprehend decomposition of the alkaloidal salt in the crude drug, either by the superior affinity of an alkali, earth, or alkaline carbonate, or by double decomposition with some compound salt whose base forms an insoluble salt with the acid in the drug. Active neutral principles — such as narcotin from opium, piperin from white pepper, picrotoxin from cocculus indieus, and elaterin from elate- rium — may be obtained through the agency of such simple solvents as water, rectified spirit, and sulphuric ether, used singly or successively. But no alkaloid can be thus detached. The solutions from which vegetable alkaloids are prepared are, in general, obtained best by the method of percolation, or displacement. Some experience is required to apply this process in all cases with success. But, when well performed, it is greatly superior in general to any other mode of extracting the active matters of vegetable drugs, in cases in which the liquid used is spirituous or ethereal; and it is often not less advantageous in the instance of water, as well as acidulous fluids. The pre- cautions for applying it successfully has been considered under the head of tinctures. Spirits arc alcoholic solutions of volatile principles obtained by distillation. When spirit is distilled with aromatic vegetables which contain volatile oil, the oil, for the most part, rises with the spirituous vapor, and condenses along with it in a state of solution. In some cases, the volatile oil rises with the vapor of strong spirit, so that alcohol may be employed for the purpose; and this is occasionally necessary for keeping the oil of the distilled spirit in solution. In other instances, the oil does not begin to pass over until watery vapor also passes in considerable proportion with the spirituous vapor; so that diluted alcohol is required for the process. For most medicinal purposes, but especially the present, the menstruum should be made by diluting alcohol with water. The best apparatus for preparing distilled spirits is that represented at page 118, fig. 115, Procter's edition of Mohr and Redwood's Practical Pharmacy. It has been proposed to prepare them by distillation io a vacuum-still j but many volatile oils will not rise with spirit-vapor at, the low temperature at which spirit boils in a vacuum. These preparations, like distilled waters, may be obtained cither from crude vege- table substances, or from their volatile oils. They are seldom, however, of such fine aroma when prepared in the latter as in the former way, unless care be taken to employ those volatile oils only which have been recently as well as carefully distilled. 462 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. Essences differ from spirits in being volatile substances dissolved in alcohol; but this name is generally applied to solutions of the volatile oils. Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses, consisting of powders incor- porated with sugar and mucilage. Some writers include under this name drop>s and pastes, making the following distinction between them : — Lozenges, when the principal basis is sugar, and when the ingredients are combined without the aid of heat. Drops, when the principal basis is sugar, but when the ingredients are combined with the aid of heat. Pastes, when the principal basis is principally a vegetable juice or pulp, and when the mixture is of a soft consistence. Lozenges are much more employed in Europe than in this country as a mode of administering medicines. In making them, the sugar is employed in a powdered state ; the more active ingredients added in powder, or in a liquid state ; and the whole mixed into a paste by the addition of mucilage. The mucilage generally used is that of tragacanth, as being more tenacious than that of gum Arabic. After the ingredients are properly incorporated, the paste is rolled out into a uniform sheet on a marble slab, previously sprinkled with some powdered starch to prevent adhesion, and cut into small cakes by means of a punch. These cakes are then to be placed on sieves, and kept in a drying-room until they have become perfectly dry and hard, when they are to be sifted, and kept in well-closed bottles. Drops are formed from coarsely-powdered sugar, to which the flavoring or medicinal ingredients are added in a liquid state, so as to moisten the sugar. The mixture is then melted in a proper vessel, over a clear fire, after which the melted mass should be allowed to drop in small portions on a marble slab or greased metallic plate, and, when cold, removed, and kept like lozenges. Pastes are usually formed of inspissated vegetable juices, or decoctions, with the addition of sugar, gum, &c. These are to be brought to a proper consistence, and the mixture poured into flat, shallow moulds, or rolled out, as in the case of lozenges, and divided into pieces of the desired size. Inhalations. — These have, at different times, been much in vogue as a means of combating disease, especially complaints of the respiratory organs. Within the last few years, much interest has been excited relative to this mode of administering medicinal agents, from the remarkable anaesthetic effects caused by the inhalation of the vapor of ether and chloroform. The simplest form of using either of these is by pouring the requisite quantity on a hollow sponge, and applying this over the mouth of the patient. Various forms of inhaling apparatus have been invented, which will be found described in Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 585-9, with directions for their use. EXTERNAL REMEDIES. Baths. — By the term bath is meant the complete or partial immersion of the body in a fluid or gaseous medium, differing, in some circumstances, from that to which it has been accustomed. In order to obtain the full efficacy of a bath, without injurious consequences, its temperature should be regulated, and particularly prescribed, by the physician ordering it. The following temperatures are those given by Dr. Forbes in the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine: — Cold Bath between Cool Bath « Temperate Bath - " Tepid Bath « Warm Bath .'--.. " Hot Bath " 83° and 60° F. 64° and 75° P. 75° and 85° P. S5° and 92° F. 92° and 98° F. 08° and 112 o p. OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 463 The effects of these different baths on the system are very dissimilar, according to their temperature, and the time during which the patient is subjected to their influence. Cold Bath. — When a person plunges into a cold bath, he is first sensible of a sudden sensation of cold upon the surface, accompanied by an oppression of breathing, causing this function to be performed in convulsive gasps. This is called the shock, and is caused by a rapid contraction of the cutaneous capillaries, and a retrocession of the blood to the lungs and other internal organs. In a short time, the difficulty of breathing disappears, the temperature becomes agreeable, and if the person now leaves the water, a warmth of the surface comes on, termed the glow, succeeded by a sense of invigoration of the whole system. Should the person remain in the water for too long a time, another train of symptoms manifest themselves : the sensation of cold soon attains to an unpleasant degree of chilliness, followed by rigors; a bluish tint is perceptible on the surface of the body; the blood accumulates in the internal organs; and, on leaving the water, there is no reaction, or a very feeble one, the surface remain- ing cold, the extremities benumbed ; and headache, difficult respiration, often pain in the chest, ensue, with a sense of depression and lassitude. The use of proper means will often remove these symptoms; but they may lead to a variety of diseases of the internal organs. The objects, in prescribing a cold bath, are the production of a sudden and powerful impression on the nervous system, and the tonic influence it exercises when followed by due reaction. In the first of these, it has been found useful in certain affections where there is a derangement of the functions of sensation, of motion or sensation unattended with a congestive or inflammatory condition of the internal organs; but it is more frequently ordered to fulfil the second indication. It is always contra-indicated when, from debility, the system does not react so as to produce a glow ; when there is a tendency to congestion of the cerebral vessels, or any serious organic affection of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. In all cases, it is advan- tageous, before taking the cold bath, to take such exercise as will raise the circulation, without occasioning fatigue or perspiration, for reaction is almost certain to follow the immersion, except when the person has remained in the water too long a time. The period of immersion should not exceed five minutes. Cool Bath. — The action and uses of this are similar to the last, but are less power- ful. It is, therefore, better calculated for those who are much debilitated. Temperate Bath. — As the temperate bath is of a temperature closely approaching that of the body, the shock and subsequent reaction are almost wanting. It is, there- fore, much more employed for purposes of comfort and cleanliness than as a remedial agent. In delicate persons, it should always be used instead of the cold or cool bath, and is always better suited to very young children than lower temperatures. Tepid Bath. — This is intermediate in operation between the temperate and the warm bath, and varies in effects and uses according to the temperature. In perfect health, it should not be used as an habitual indulgence; but, for the purposes of clean- liness, an occasional recurrence to it allows of a more perfect ablution than can be effected by cooler baths. It is better to use it about noon, when the first process of digestion of the morning meal is over, and immediately afterwards to take brisk exercise in the open air. In cases of fatigue and febrile irritation, from over-exertion or a long journey, the tepid bath is generally found very beneficial. It is also service- able to persons of sedentary habits, &c. In all such cases, however, it is not to be employed immediately after a meal, or when the individual is unduly excited, cither mentally or corporeally. In one class of complaints, those dependent on gastric irrita- tion, the tepid, or even the warm bath proves of much service. WARM BATH. — The first effect of a warm bath is to produce a sensation of heat upon the surface, and to increase the pulse in quickness and fulness, though in most cases to diminish its tenseness. The cutaneous circulation more especially becomes affected, 464 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. and the body is increased in bulk, as shown by the increased pressure of ligatures, or of rings upon the fingers. The secondary effects, when the immersion is continued for some time, are muscular relaxation, sometimes to a considerable degree; even after leaving the bath, a disposition to lassitude continues for some time, with a tendency to perspiration. The remedial effects of a warm bath depend on its temperature, the time a patient remains in it, and the subsequent treatment. The medium time for remaining in the bath is from twenty to twenty-five minutes; but this must be regulated by the effect produced. It is beneficial in incipient catarrh, in some congestions of the internal organs, chronic rheumatism, and in spasmodic affections, especially those of children; but is contra-indicated in active fever, or when there is congestion, or a determination of blood to the head. In the convulsions of children, its effects are remarkably beneficial, as it not only relaxes spasm, and relieves for the moment, but soothes nervous irritation. In cases where the convulsions are severe, it will be found advantageous to apply cold water to the head. When a warm bath is administered to a child, care must be taken not to expose it to the cold air for the purpose of drying its body; the best plan is to envelop it in a warm blanket, and to place it in bed at once. By this plan, it is not liable to take cold, which is a common objection to the use of the warm bath for children. Hot Bath. — From its temperature being above that of the body, the hot bath is far more stimulating than the preceding, as evinced by the excitement of the pulse, the sensations of fulness in the head and throbbing of the cerebral vessels. Its use is principally confined to cases where it is wished to arouse nervous energy and vital action, as in Asiatic cholera, &c. ; or where there is a sudden retrocession of cutaneous diseases. It has also proved useful in certain forms of rheumatism, and paralysis. As the intention is mainly to induce excitement, the patient is not to be exposed to its action long enough to cause exhaustion. Whatever description of bath is ordered to be used, the original temperature is to be maintained during the whole time the patient remains in the water. At the end of some minutes, therefore, the heat should be tested by a thermometer, and, if requi- site, hot water added. The sensations of the bather are always a fallacious criterion. Shower Bath. — This is a modification of the cold affusion, being attended with the same effects, but in a less degree. The short duration of it renders it less refri- gerant than the cold bath, and causes the primary shock to be the most important part of the influence it exercises, which may be modified by increasing or diminishing the temperature of the water, or that of the height from which the fluid falls. It is used either cold or tepid. The former is most advantageous when the powers of the system are sufficient to cause a reaction, that results in a glow on the surface, soon after using the bath; but, where this is not the case, as in debilitated individuals, the temperature is to be increased. It is adapted for those cases where a powerful impression is wished to be made upon the nervous system, as in chorea, hysteria, &c, and is also of much benefit to persons subject to determination to the head. In such cases, it is found advantageous to make the patient stand in hot water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction following its use is much promoted by using friction to the surface. The improved and portable shower baths, now to be procured, obviate many of the objections to its use which formerly existed. For children, the best and most convenient apparatus that can be employed is one de- scribed by Dr. A. T. Thomson. {Domestic Management of the Sick Room.) " It consists of a hollow vessel made of tin, with a perforated bottom. The body of the vessel is of a bell-shape, with a hollow tube rising from the top, and terminat- ing in a broad perforated rim. When the bath is to be used, it must be sunk in a bucket of water, until it is completely submerged; the air is thus driven out of the bath, through the tube, and the bath filled with water. The thumb of an attendant is then to be placed on the opening in the centre of the rim, and the bath raised from the bucket of water. The pressure of air upon the holes in the .bottom retains the OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 465 water in the bath ; and, on raising the thumb from the upper orifice, the whole is rapidly discharged. In using it, the child must be placed in an empty tub, and the bath, being held over his head, is then to be discharged; and the child immediately afterwards dried, with friction. When salt water is used for this bath, the hair should be kept dry, by means of an oil skin cap." Local Baths. — These are most frequently used warm. The most common are the hiji-lath and foot-bath. They are principally employed as revulsives. The first has been found a valuable remedy in diseases of the womb, and in irritations of the pelvic organs. Where it is employed merely to soothe pain, the temperature should not exceed 80° to 90°, and the patient is to remain in it for some time; but when it is intended to excite the uterus to greater action, it should be as hot as can be borne by the patient, though the continuance in it should not exceed ten to fifteen minutes. The hot foot-bath should be of as high a temperature as can be borne, so as to redden the skin of the immersed parts effectually. The vessel used should be sufficiently deep to allow the legs to be immersed nearly to the knees. It is a valuable remedy in the early stages of catarrh, and local congestions of the head, chest, or abdomen ; and in the dyspnoea accompanying hypertrophy of the heart, it has often proved very bene- ficial. It may be rendered more stimulating by the addition of common salt, carbon- ate of potassa, or flour of mustard. In torpid states of the liver, a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, in the proportion of about an ounce of each to every gallon of water, often proves highly useful. Vapor Bath. — This consists in either wholly enveloping the patient in the steam of hot water, or merely his body, or some of its parts. A much more elevated tem- perature can thus be borne than where the body is immersed in water, and its action is more confined to the skin; hence, although less stimulating, it is more diapho- retic than the hot bath. Where the vapor is inhaled, the heated surface being extended, it i3 more powerful in its effects. It has proved of great benefit where an active revulsion to the surface is indicated, and also in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. It can be applied with little trouble. All that is required is that the patient be seated on a chair with a vessel of hot water placed beside him, and the whole enveloped with a blanket, to be thrown over his head if the vapor is to be breathed, or pinned around his neck where this is not the case. The steam soon surrounds his body, and causes a copious perspiration; and, should it cease too soon to be evolved, its generation may be restored by dropping a heated brick or stone into the water. Where the vapor is not respired, it may bo used of a higher temperature. Warm Air Bath is more stimulating than the vapor bath, producing — especially where the warm air is also breathed — general uneasiness, heat of skin, excitement of the pulse, until a general perspiration ensues. It is readily administered even to persons in bed. The bedclothes are to be elevated by a light frame, and the heated air admitted by means of a tube. It has been found beneficial in chronic rheuma- tism, and was at one time much praised in the collapsed stage of cholera. Douches consist in the forcible application of a stream of hot or cold water to a part of the body, in such a manner that the force of the stream of the fluid' shall aid the stimulant effect. The hot douche may be formed by pouring from a height hot water from a tea-kettle, or through a tube about an inch and a half in diameter, so as to cause the fluid to strike forcibly upon the affected part of the body, whilst at the same time percussion is employed ; or, in other words, the part is beaten by means of an Indian rubber bottle, stuffed with wool, and affixed to a cane handle. A temperature of 1G0° is readily borne in douching. When the disease is chronic rheumatism, or when deep-seated pains are to be removed, the douching should be continued for cither half or three-quarters of an hour at a time ; and the patient should be afterwards placed in bed between blankets, in order to encourage sweat- 80 466 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. ing. Tlic most decisive advantage, in enlarged, stiff, and painful joints, results from this mode of douching. In cases of complicated fevers, and in some other diseases, in which inflammation of the brain occurs, the cold douche is frequently ordered. The mode of applying it consists in pouring a stream of cold water on the shaved head. The patient should be raised in bed, and the head held over a basin, or other vessel, whilst a stream of cold water is directed on the crown, and the fall of the water gradually increased. After this, the head should be merely dried, but not rubbed. It not only soothes the patient, but often induces sleep, although it usually causes a most uncomfortable feeling at first; but relief is so quickly experienced, that its repetition is generally requested by the invalid. A vapor douche is very stimulating, and when of a high temperature, and con- tinued for any time, will cause vesication. It may be used as a counter-irritant instead of moxa. Medicated Batiis are such as contain medicinal agents in solution in the water, and are used both topically and generally. Saline, acid, and alkaline substances, with iodine and sulphur, are the materials most commonly employed. Medicated baths are sometimes natural, as those of sea water, and certain mineral springs; others consist of solutions of various articles, artificially prepared. Of the medicated baths, sea water is the most generally used, more, however, for pleasure, than for remedial purposes. It is not only stimulating, on account of its saline constituents, and its use followed by a perfect glow, but these constituents also exert a medicinal action on the system, in certain diseases of debility. The nitromuriatic bath has been found useful in diseases of the liver; and alkaline, ioduretted, and alkaline sulphuretted baths, are advantageously employed in many forms of cutaneous disease. Medicated vapor baths are prepared by impregnating aqueous vapor with the vola- tile principles of medicinal plants, though it is very doubtful whether they produce any effects that cannot be obtained from the simple vapor bath. But the fumes of sulphur, chlorine, camphor, mercury, &c.,in combination with aqueous vapor, have been found to exert powerful effects on the system, and to be very effectual in the cure of certain diseases. Affusion. — This consists in pouring or dashing a quantity of water on the body, or a portion of the body, from an inconsiderable height, most generally for the purpose of reducing its temperature; but it is also employed as a revulsive agent, and to give an impulse to the nervous system. x\ffusions are made with cold or tepid water. Cold affusion is one of the most powerful general means of abstracting caloric from the body, we possess; it not only lessens the temperature of the surface, but it diminishes the action of the heart. It has been successfully employed in the treatment of fevers, but its use requires much judgment, as respects the time of its application, which, according to Currie and others, is, " when there is no sense of chilliness present, when the heat of the skin is steadily above what is natural, and when there is no general or profuse perspiration." It should not be employed either in the cold or sweating stage of fever, or in the hot stage where the heat does not much exceed the natural standard. Erom inattention to these circumstances, and from patients being injured by its effects, affusion is not at present often resorted to in the treatment of fevers. In scarlatina and some other of the exanthemata, it has been employed with benefit, to reduce the morbid heat of skin. It is, however, more relied upon in inflammatory diseases of the brain; in these cases, the water is to be poured upon the head, inclined over a basin or tub, by means of a pitcher. In children, it is sufficient to squeeze a large sponge, previously saturated with cold water, at some height above the head. Where a general affusion is deemed necessary, the patient should be taken out of bed, his head having been previously shaved ; and, being stripped naked, and placed on a stool in an empty tub, from three to jive gallons of water, at a temperature not under 40° Fahr., should be thrown over him. This affusion should be repeated until he feels cold, or rather until a rigor or shivering, or even chattering of the teeth, is OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 467 experienced. He should then be dried, placed in bed, and a little warm wine and water administered to him, to aid the reaction and the consequent perspiration. But in cases where the invalid faints on raising him into the erect position ; where he feels chilly, although the thermometer indicates a high febrile temperature ; where the skin is bedewed with perspiration; where the patient is a woman, and the monthly change is present ; or where the operation is dreaded, it ought not to be employed. The evening is the best time for using the cold affusion. Cool affusion is sometimes used instead of the cold, and is preferable for weak, irri- table individuals. Tepid affusion is also beneficial in certain cases; especially where there is a fear that perfect reaction will not take place after the application of cold water; or where disease of the pulmonary organs exists. It has been found very effi- cacious in scarlatina, as also in hectic fever. Warm affusion has likewise been used ; but its effects are far more temporary than tbose of the warm bath. Sponging. — The object of sponging the body, either with cold or with tepid water, is to reduce the heat of the surface by means of evaporation, with the view of soften- ing the pulse and diminishing its frequency; of rendering the skin perspirable; of relieving headache, checking delirium, and promoting sleep. In order to perform it well, the patient should be taken out of bed; and, being undressed and placed in a chair, two or three persons should, at the same time, pass large sponges, wet with simple cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, rapidly over different portions of the naked body, until the whole of it shall have been successively sponged, and a chill has come over the patient, who is then to be dried and placed in bed. This appears to be a simple process; but it requires both caution and judgment to determine on its use, and to render it not only salutary, but free from danger. For example, if, notwithstanding the continuance of great heat and dryness of the skin, a sensation of chilliness comes over the patient when the sponging is about to be done, the operation should bo delayed ; neither should it be done if the smallest tendency to perspiration, indicated by moisture in the axillse, or on the palms of the hands, displays itself. But, if it has been done, and if partial relief has been obtained, if the heat of the skin returns, and the pulse rises, it may again be resorted to and repeated. But, besides the advantages to be obtained from sponging, during the presence of disease, it is also productive of great benefit in warding ofi' diseases, or in a prophy- lactic point of view. The sponging, however, under such circumstances, is to be per- formed in a different manner from that which has been described. In those predisposed to asthma and to bronchitis, known in ordinary language by the term cold, or cough, and in those, also, who are predisposed to croup, nothing is so serviceable in warding off" the paroxysm of the former disease, or in preventing the attack of the latter malady, as cold and tepid sponging of the chest and the trunk of the body. It is also equally serviceable during dentition in infants, and as a general tonic in delicate conditions of the habit. In these cases, it should be followed by gentle friction over the surface of the body. Sponging the body, as a prophylactic, or as a tonic, is always most efficacious when it is performed whilst the patient is still in bed. Let him sit up; or, if unable to do so, let him be raised into the sitting position, keeping the lower limbs under the bed- clothes. The night-shirt or night-dress is then to be stripped down, and a large towel or sheet put round the waist, to prevent the bed-clothes from being wetted. The naked trunk of the body, and the upper part of the arms, arc then to be moistened with a sponge, or a piece of flannel, dipped either in cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, or Bait water, as the case may demand; after which, in drying the skin, if water only has been used, brisk friction should be employed, so as to cause a general glow upon the surface. In some cases, salt and water, or vinegar and water, are preferable to the simple water. The best proportions are two ounces of salt, or the same quantity of common vinegar, to a pint of water. When these adjuncts arc used, friction is not required ; indeed, when salt water is employed, the skin should be dried with a soft, old towel, fitted to soak up the water only, and to leave the saline par- ticles upon the surface. The best time for using such spongings is just before getting out of bed in the 468 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. morning. They may be used in winter as well as in summer. In efficacy, they are certainly nearly equal to the shower-bath, which may be resorted to in vigorous habits ; but, when the habit is delicate, and not equal to the reaction, on which'the beneficial influence of the shower-bath rests, sponging is preferable. It should not be used when perspiration is present. Sponging is as beneficial as the shower-bath, in rendering the habit less susceptible of cold; and, when conjoined with exercise in the open air, and proper regimen, not only asthma, coughs, and catarrhs, may be warded off by its employment, but the pre- disposition to tubercular consumption may be lessened, in a very remarkable degree, by its daily employment. Fomentations. — These may be regarded as a species of local bathing. Although the decoctions usually employed are useful in aiding warmth, by their soothing or sedative influence, yet they are secondary objects in the application of fomentations, the intention being to convey heat, combined with moisture, to the part fomented. Flannel cloths, wrung out of boiling water, by means of two sticks turned in opposite directions, form the best fomentations. If they be shaken up, and laid lightly over the part, they involve a considerable quantity of air, which, being a bad conductor, retains the heat in them for a considerable time. In every process of fomenting, there should be two flannels, each three yards long, with the ends sewed together, to admit of the boiling water being wrung out of them ; and the one flannel should be got ready whilst the other is applied. The fineness or the coarseness of the flannel is not a matter of indifference : the coarser it is, the less readily does it conduct heat, and the longer it retains its warmth; therefore, it is more efficient for fomenting. White flannel also retains the heat longer than colored flannel. Stuping is a variety of fomentation useful in many cases, but especially in affec- tions of the eyes. The patient should be his own operator. He should sit up in bed, and should place, in the hollow of his hand, a small piece of flannel, wrung out of boiling water, and hold the hand at such a distance under the eyes that the vapors may rise to them — changing the flannel as often as it ceases to give out warm vapor. If narcotic or sedative additions are directed, they should be poured hot upon the flan- nel, each time it is changed. Cataplasms, or Poultices, are modifications of fomentations; they generally con- sist of pulpy substances capable of absorbing much moisture, and of such consistence as to be applied accurately to any surface, however irregular. Their action, in most cases, depends upon the liquids with which they are moistened and the heat retained by the mass. Cataplasms may be emollient, medicated, or revulsive. Emollient Cataplasms are usually made of bread and water, linseed meal, Indian meal, slippery elm, &c, and water; or of mashed vegetable substances, such as carrots, and marshmallows. As warmth and moisture are the principal effects of emollient poultices, an excellent substitute for them is lint, dipped in warm water, and laid over the diseased part; the lint should be covered with a towel, in order to prevent evaporation. This mode is much neater and more cleanly than any poultice, and where merely warmth and moisture are required, it will answer all the purposes intended. A peculiar fabric, called spongio-pilinc, consisting principally of sponge, has lately been invented in England, which is said to answer very well, when properly imbued with hot water, as a substitute for the simple emollient poultice. The addition of a little lard is useful, if the poultice does not require to be fre- quently changed. When the object, however, is to promote suppuration, the poultice should be frequently renewed, in which case the addition of the lard is unnecessary. Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be frequently repeated. They are useful, in all cases of inflammation which cannot be backed, to assist the suppurative process and the advancement of the matter to the surface. After an abscess is opened, the poultices should still be continued for a few days. Poultices may be used, also, as fomentations in colic, and in inflammation of the OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 469 * bowels. In such cases, however, as the chief object is to allay pain and to soothe, they should be made with a decoction of poppy-heads, instead of water. Medicated Cataplasms are those in which to the simple emollient poultice are added other ingredients, intended to exercise an influence on the part independent of mere warmth and moisture; as, for instance, the fermented poultice, in which yeast forms a constituent; the charcoal poultice, and various others enumerated in the Formulary, all intended to fulfil certain indications. Revulsive Cataplasms are those which, by inducing a local irritation or inflam- mation of the parts to which they are applied, act as derivatives. To this class belong mustard poultices, or Sinapisms, Cayenne pepper, garlic poultices, &c. Mustard poultices are made by mixing the flour of mustard, of the shops, with water, into the consistence of a paste. When it is wished to have a weaker prepara- tion, wheaten, rye, or linseed flour is to be added to the mustard in such proportions as are deemed sufficient. The water used should be tepid, or merely warm; a boiling temperature is injurious, as it tends to coagulate the albumen of the mustard, and thus to prevent the extrication of the volatile oil, which is the active principle. Vinegar is often used, but never increases the energy of the preparation, and, in the case of the black mustard, diminishes its power. This poultice should be spread thickly on a rag, as soon as it is prepared, and covered with gauze or tissue paper, in order to prevent adhesion to the skin. In a few minutes after it is applied, the sinapism causes a sensation of heat, which increases to almost intolerable burning. After some time, the pain subsides, and is followed by a sense of weight and throb- bing of the arteries. If the sinapism be left on, however, the burning pain again returns, and becomes so great, that few persons can bear the action of a mustard cataplasm longer than three quarters of an hour. In delicate, sensitive people, the sinapism need not remain applied above six or eight minutes, as the effect continues some time after its removal. If it remain too long on, gangrene may supervene; this cannot happen unless the invalid be insen- sible, as too much pain is felt to permit the lengthened application of a sinapism ; but, in cases of stupor or insensibility, or in low fevers, a sinapism, if left on longer than an hour, may cause both vesication and gangrene. If the redness only is required, the pain may be moderated by mixing with the paste a drachm of tincture of opium, or two drachms of tincture of henbane, neither of which, although they allay the pain, diminishes the rubefacient activity of the sinapism. As a substitute for the mustard poultice, where mere external irritation is required, the capsicum or red pepper will answer admirably, and it has the advantage of not vesicating : it may be used as a poultice, by mixing the powder with bread and milk, or Indian meal, or as a lotion mixed with warm spirits. Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations, are medicines of a more or less fluid character, which are employed as external applications. They may be used as mere fomentations to soothe pain and remove inflammation, as a mode of introducing medicinal substances into the system, or as revulsive agents, according to their nature and composition. Liniments, which generally contain oily constituents, are usually aided by friction of the part to which they are applied, either with the hand alone, or with some article capable of exciting some irritation of the skin, as a piece of flannel or a soft flesh brush. In many cases, in which liniments are found beneficial, the advantage obtained from them is attributable rather to the friction than to any medicinal power in the lotion itself. Frictim is, whether simple or conjoined with liniments, are frequently important aide to medical treatment. Simple friction is performed by the hand alone, or with a piece of flannel, a hair glove, or a flesh brush. If it be properly performed — namely, by short, brisk strokes with the tip of the fingers, and with great celerity, when the naked hand is the agent; and if it bo continued for an hour or upwards, and repeated several times a-day — its influence in reducing swelled glands and swellings of the joints, as well as in alleviating rheumatic pains, is very great; but, besides being well performed, the friction should be continued for half an hour, in order to render it useful. 470 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. Friction, when performed in a gentle, slow, and equable manner, by producing a continued repetition of an agreeable impression on the nervous system, acts as a soother of pain, independent of any aid from opiate liniments, and also induces sleep. The beneficial influence depends, in a great measure, on its transferring the attention of the sufferer from the seat of pain, and confining it to the mild and agreeable sensation impressed by the friction. In performing it, the operator should sit by the side of the bed, and, introducing the hand under the bed-clothes, rub the legs or the arms gently, with equally lengthened but slow movements. When the invalid is a child, its influence is more powerful when aided by a monotonous, but a soft tune, which, although it operates upon a distinct sense, yet, by combination, renders the friction more soporific. When friction is intended to stimulate the surface, it is necessary to aid its influence by liniments containing ammonia, or camphor, or some other excitant or acrid sub- stance : but these should be ordered by the medical attendant. In applying them, the same method should be adopted as when simple friction is employed; but the hand of the operator must be guarded by a glove from the influence of the acrimony of the liniment. Friction is also used to introduce various substances — namely, mercurials, iodine, opium, &c. — into the body through the medium of the skin. The rubbing, in such cases, ought to be brisk, and applied with sufficient force to abrade slightly the cuticle ; and continued until the substance, which is usually in the form of an ointment, dis- appears, owing to the absorption by the skin induced by the friction. In using such frictions, the hand of the operator should be guarded by a glove; otherwise, he is likely to suffer salivation, or some other unpleasant result, from the introduction of the medicinal agent into his own system. Vesicatories, or Blisters, have already been noticed in the introduction (p. 58), and do not require to be further commented upon. Issues are small ulcers artificially established for the purpose of procuring and keeping up a discharge of pus. They form an important derivative remedy in many diseases, and are to be formed by the following methods: The simplest is by the application of a small blister, which is to be dressed with some epispastic or irritating ointment. It is, however, difficult to prevent the sore from healing, and the discharge is seldom sufficiently copious. They are also formed by making incisions through the skin, and inserting issue peas into the wound. The best and most effectual plan is by the use of caustic ; this is done by means of a piece of leather, spread with adhesive plaster, through which a hole is made of the size of the intended issue; this is to be warmed and applied to the skin, so as to apply closely. The aperture is then to be filled with the caustic, in the form of a paste, and covered with another piece of leather, spread as above. These are to be left on until the skin is destroyed, and then to be removed and a poultice applied until the eschar separates. The late Dr. Wistar was in the habit of recommending the application of a small blister, and of rubbing the vesicated surface with caustic potassa for a few minutes. This is an expeditious and excellent method, as it is effectual and gives but little pain. The issue is kept open either by the introduction of peas, or a piece of lint smeared with the ointment of savine, into the wound. The peas operate by mechanical irritation; and, as they swell from the action of the heat and the moisture of the ulcer, they tend also to enlarge the wound. The peas should be changed at least once in twenty-four hours. Instead of the peas, it has been advised to use a small block of hard wood, with the lower surface cut into lozenges; these, pressing on the surface of the sore, occasion a copious discharge, and it will be found more convenient of application than peas. The very irritation, however, by which the discharge is maintained, is apt to cause fungous growths from the bottom of the wound, which should be kept down; this is to be done by dressing the issue occasionally with some escharotic, as burnt alum or red precipitate. Issues should be washed twice a-day with warm water; otherwise ; they are apt to become very offensive. OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 471 Setons are wounds kept in a suppurating state by means of some foreign body, which prevents their healing. They are made by passing a seton needle, armed with a skein of silk, thread, or a slip of gum elastic, through a folded portion of the skin, withdrawing the needle and leaving the silk in the wound. If a seton needle cannot be procured, the puncture may be made with a thumb-lancet or bistoury, and the silk passed through the wound by means of an eyed probe. The edges of the wound are apt, however, after it has been discharging for some length of time, to become callous, and the discharge to cease. When this occurs, the irritating substance should be smeared with some stimulating ointment. It should be recollected that much mischief may result from suddenly suppressing or removing either an issue or a seton. If this takes place, purgatives should be administered, and the discharge of the issue or the seton checked as gradually as possible. Ointments are simple or compound fatty bodies of a soft consistence, which are applied to the skin by inunction. They are more consistent than liniments, but softer than cerates. Simple ointment consists of one part of wax and four of lard, melted together and thoroughly mixed. This preparation is the basis of many compound ointments. Compound ointments are of three kinds : one consisting of simple oint- ment, combined mechanically with various substances; the second, formed by dissolving the active ingredients in melted ointment or lard; the third, made by uniting substances to the fatty matters that induce a chemical action between them. Compound ointments of the first class are mixtures of the fatty basis with various solid and liquid substances ; these are incorporated by trituration in a mortar, or on a stone slab. When hard substances enter into the combination, they require to be previously reduced to a fine powder, or, if they are soluble, to be rubbed into a paste with an appropriate menstruum, and then admixed. When extracts form constituents of an ointment, if they are not of a soft consistence, they should be rendered so by trituration with water before they are mixed with the fatty body. The mixture of two or more ointments may be effected by rubbing them together on a stone slab by means of a spatula. Compound ointments of the second kind are made by boiling recent vegetable substances in the fatty basis, until all the water of vegetation is driven off; the heat should then be reduced to about that of boiling water, when the ointment is to be strained. Those of the third kind, as citrine ointment, arc prepared by adding the constituents gradually together, aided by heat and constantly stirring. Ointments are preserved by keeping them in glazed jars, with the surface covered with tin foil. According to M. Deschamps, the admixture of a twenty-fifth part of benzoin with the fatty matter used to make the ointment, will prevent or greatly retard the process of decomposition (see p. 128). In the case of simple ointment, and those for highly irritable surfaces, this plan answers well; where it is inexpedient, the ointments should be renewed at short intervals. Cerates consist of a basis of wax and a fatty matter, with which other sub- stances arc incorporated. They are of such a consistence as to be softened, but not melted, by the warmth of the body. The general directions for making them are similar to those for ointments. Many preparations of the present class are made by simply mixing or triturating their component parts together. But when resins, wax, spermaceti, or concrete oils are to be mixed either together or with fluid oils, it is better to unite them with the aid of heat, which not only liquefies the solids, but likewise renders them much more soluble in the liquids. Brisk agitation is required while the mixture concretes on cooling; otherwise, the solid ingredients will separate cither mechanically or by crystallization. Even in purifying lard or suet by fusion and filtration, it is right to stir the mass as it cools; otherwise, the stearin or solid oil is apt to separate in part from the elain or liquid oil, so that an irregular mixture of the two principles is obtained. A gentle heat is sufficient for making ointments, cerates, and the like, because most of the ingredients arc easily fusible ; and a strong heat must be avoided, for in that case acrid acids are engendered, which may alter the properties of the preparation. Ilcnco 472 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. — ♦ — — the vapor-bath is generally used for applying heat; and it ought always to be employed in operations on a large scale. When the cerate is intended to irritate and not to soothe, a high temperature may be employed, which, in some cases, is advantageous, as in the cerate of cantharides, by more effectually dissolving out the active principle. Plasters are more consistent than cerates, adhesive at the temperature of the body, and requiring the aid of heat to soften them sufficiently to be spread. They are of two kinds : one consisting of a compound of olive oil and litharge, or an oleo- margarate of lead, having the common lead plaster as a basis, united to resinous or other substances; the other, composed wholly of resinous matters, or these mixed with fatty substances or wax. In making plasters, in most cases, it is necessary to operate at a temperature that will not volatilize or carbonize the ingredients; hence, a water-bath or steam heat is preferred. In the case of the burnt plaster (onyuent de la mere) of the French Codex, sufficient heat is employed to cause the fats to fume. Plasters should be made in metallic vessels, much larger than will contain the substances to be operated upon, as the mass increases in bulk by the action of heat causing an extrication of vapors. The water ordered in making lead plaster should be added at the commencement of the process; otherwise, when poured on the melted mass, it may cause a projection of portions of the heated materials on the operator. The ingredients should be thoroughly stirred together during the process of melting. When this operation is concluded, the plaster is to be removed, in small portions at a time, into a vessel constantly sup- plied with cold water; and, when sufficiently consistent, rolled into cylinders on a wet marble, and again placed in cold water to harden. To render plasters of a lighter color, they are kneaded and pulled under water; but this process should not be prac- ticed on compound plasters containing substances soluble in water; nor should these plasters be cooled in water, but suffered to chill on a marble slab until fit to be made into rolls. Some of the officinal plasters belong to the second class, and are made by melting resinous matters with the addition of certain oleaginous substances. Plasters are preserved by enveloping the rolls with paper, to exclude the air as much as possible. When kept for any length of time, they are apt to become hard and brittle, and to lose their color. When this is the case, they should be re-melted by a gentle heat, and sufficient oil added to restore their proper consistence. Spreading plasters for use, requires skill and address on the part of the operator. They are spread on various textures, but most generally on linen or cotton cloth, or leather. The shape and size must be regulated by the part to which they are to be applied. The plaster is to be spread on the leather or cloth by means of a heated spatula of a peculiar form; this is brought in contact with the end of a roll, which, becoming liquefied, can then be evenly diffused over the surface. Where the plaster is sufficiently adhesive to maintain its place when applied to the body, it is to be spread so as to leave about half an inch of margin uncovered; but where it does not possess this quality in sufficient degree, it should be surrounded with an adhesive margin, which is to be prepared before spreading the body of the plaster. Pull and particular directions for spreading plasters will be found in Procter's edition of Mohr and Red- wood, p. 516, et seq., and to which we would refer those who wish for clear and accurate directions on the subject. Fumigations are extrications of vapors or gases, designed to modify the air of a sick chamber, and to mask any unpleasant odors that may be present, or to produce a medicinal effect on those parts of the body with which they are brought in contact. Fumigations, for the purpose of obviating or masking unpleasant odors in a sick room, should never be employed to supersede ventilation and cleanliness; for most of them, instead of purifying the air, only render it more unfit for respiration. They are generally made by burning pastilles, sugar, juniper berries, benzoin, &c, so as to create an odoriferous smoke. As disinfecting agents, they are utterly useless; and are relics of an ancient custom of burning frankincense, and other odorous substances in vitiated air, to overcome the fetor which is more or less present. They disguise unpleasant OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 473 odors; but they accomplish nothing more. The infection remains not only unaltered by the diffusion of the most powerful aromatic vapors, hut its deleterious properties are sometimes augmented by them. The fumes of burning camphor, and the vapors arising from its tincture, have more pretensions than eitber of the above to the name of a useful article of fumigation. It is much employed and confided in on the Continent; but the experience both of American and British physicians does not warrant the opinion that it possesses any power of destroying infection or contagion. Nothing is more ridiculous than the custom, which was at one time very general, and which is still continued to a certain extent — namely, tbat of carrying a camphor-bag about the person, as a protection against infectious diseases. Vinegar is, not without reason, regarded as possessing some chemical influence in decomposing infectious and contagious matters; and, consequently, it is almost invaria- bly sprinkled over the floor of the rooms of those suffering under infectious diseases; or the vapor of hot vinegar is diffused through their apartments. It is thought to be still more salubrious, and a more powerful disinfectant, when it holds camphor or aromatic oils in solution; hence the great popularity of the preparations called Aromatic Vinegar and Thieves' Vinegar (see p. 68). The repute of the latter is founded upon a story, that four thieves, who plundered the dead bodies during the plague at Marseilles, with perfect security, on being questioned respecting the cause of this impunity, confessed, on the condition of their lives being spared, that they attributed it solely to the use of Aromatic Vinegar. Vinegar, in this state of combination, is extremely agreeable and refreshing, both to tbe invalid and the attendants of the sick room. The benefit which it produces depends upon a certain degree of stimulus imparted to the sensitive nerves, which are generally in a low condition in an infectious atmosphere; but, as a chemical agent, its powers are too feeble to be followed by much benefit. It is, however, always refresh- ing, and is much better adapted for overpowering the unpleasant odors of the sick room than any of tbe former substances. The most efficacious fumigations that can be employed, are those of chlorine. This disinfecting gas is extricated from a mixture of common salt, black oxide of manga- nese, and sulphuric acid (see p. 158). Instead of chlorine disengaged in this mode, it is more common to use the chloride of lime, the chloride of soda, or the chloride of zinc; solutions of either of these, placed in shallow vessels in a room, will give off chlorine in a gradual manner, by a decomposition of their constituents. Some differ- ence of opinion exists as to tbe mode in which this gas acts. Dr. A. T. Thomson is of opinion that it operates by decomposing the infected air : — " With regard to the mode in wbich chlorine operates, the most probable opinion is, that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound. One principle of this compound seems to be hydrogen; another, ammonia; and a third, a fetid volatile oil ; besides the unknown matter of infection. The chlorine unites with the hydrogen, and forms hydrochloric acid, which combines with the second component of the in- fectious medium — namely, ammonia — and forms sal ammoniac; the withdrawing of both of which from the air causes the precipitation of the volatile oil; whilst the chlorine also neutralizes the real matter of infection, whatever it may be; and thus the vitiated atmosphere is purified." Although chlorine is capable of destroying fetid and unpleasant odors in the sick room, it is liable to many objections. However extricated, it is apt to create irritation of the respiratory organs and coughing when respired; it corrodes all metallic sub- stances, and must, therefore, be used with caution ; from the chlorides evolving the gas more slowly, they arc, in most cases, preferable to the immediate extrication of chlorine from the salt and manganese. Other acid fumigations have also been found useful as disinfectants; as those of nitrous acid, so highly recommended by Smith and Carmichael, and considered by Cliristison even as superior to chlorine. Sulphurous acid fumes, produced by burning sulphur, have likewise been recommended. Both are capable of destroying unpleasant odors and emanations; but the same objections apply against their use in a sick 474 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. *-^— chamber — that of causing much irritation of the organs of respiration ; hence they are unfitted to cases where there is any disease or weakness of these parts. Fumigations, used as medicinal agents, are much more prescribed on the Continent of Europe than in Great Britain or the United States. They are sometimes employed as inhalations — as emollient vapors in the treatment of bronchial affections ; balsamic vapors in affections of the chest. They are also used externally, as the fumes of benzoin in rheumatic and gouty complaints; those of aloes in deficient menstruation; those of sulphur and mercury in various diseases of the skin. The effects of fumigations vary according to the temperature at which the vapors are used; when it is high, and the whole body of the patient is exposed to it, it produces much the same train of symptoms as those caused by a vapor-bath. When the fumigation is made with substances which give off no watery vapors, the pheno- mena that result are analogous to those of a heated air-bath, but more marked, especially those which occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. BLOOD-LETTING. Various methods are practiced for this purpose. General bleeding is performed by opening a vein, called venesection; or by puncturing an artery, which has received the name of arteriotomy. Topical blood-letting is practiced by opening the small vessels of a part by means of slight incisions, or what is called scarification, by the application of leeches, and by cupping. General Blood-letting. — Venesection is one of the most frequently employed of the different modes of detracting blood. It is usually practiced on one of the veins of the arm. A band or ligature is to be applied around the arm above the point at which the vein is to be opened, so as to obstruct the passage of the blood to the heart; this causes an enlargement and turgidity of the vessel below the ligature. This band- age should never be applied so tightly as to prevent the passage of blood in the arte- ries of the part. The vein is to be opened by means of a common or thumb lancet, or a spring lancet. In using the first, the vein is to be kept from rolling by means of the thumb of the left hand placed a small distance below where the puncture is to be made ; but care should be taken not to alter the relative position of the skin and vein, because in resuming their position after the lancet is inserted, the aperture through the skin will no longer correspond with that in the vein, in consequence of which a thrombus or ecchymosis will form — a very common accident in venesection. The lancet is to be pushed into the vein, and when its point is within the cavity of the vessel, it is to be carried forward a little, so as to enlarge sufficiently the opening. The arm is to be kept extended after the operation until the necessary quantity of blood is taken. If the blood should not flow as freely as is desired, the patient should exert the muscles of the arm by grasping a stick, or moving the fingers. The spring-lancet is much used in some parts of the United States, and is almost universally employed in Philadelphia. This has arisen, in great measure, from its being preferred to the common lancet by Dr. Physick as well as by Dr. Dorsey, whose reasons for this preference are thus given in his " Elements of Surgery." " In a country, situated like the United States, where every surgeon, except those residing in the large cities, is compelled to be his own cutler, at least so far as to keep his instruments in order, the spring-lancet has a decided preference over the lancet; the blade of this can with great ease be sharpened by any man of common dexterity, and if not very keen, it does no mischief, whereas a dull lancet is a most dangerous instrument ; and no one can calculate with certainty the depth to which it will enter : to sharpen a lancet, is regarded by the cutler as one of his nicest and most difficult jobs; it is one to which few surgeons are competent. " The safety of using the fleam is demonstrated by daily experience ; there is no country in which venesection is more frequently performed than in the United States, and, perhaps, none where fewer accidents from the opereition have occurred; of these few, I beg leave to state that all the aneurisms produced by bleeding, which I have OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 475 seen, have been in cases where the lancet was used. I have since, however, met with an exception to this statement. I have seen the brachial artery opened by a spring-lancet, but it was by an old barber, half blind, and very clumsy." " The manner of using the spring-lancet differs in nothing from the operation with the common lancet, excepting that the surgeon must place the instrument in such a situation over the vein that, when the spring is touched, the orifice into the vein will have a proper size and direction. Dexterity in this is very readily and speedily ac- quired. In point of facility in its use, it has a great advantage over the lancet. " Among the advantages of the spring-lancet, economy is not the least. A country practitioner who is constantly employing the English lancets, and who is particular in using none but the best, must necessarily consume half the emolument derived from the operation in the purchase of his instruments. One spring-lancet, with an occasional new blade, will serve him all his life." After a sufficient quantity of blood has been drawn, the flow is to be stopped by removing the ligature and placing a finger on the orifice, when any blood that has soiled the arm is to be wiped off, and the edges of the orifice carefully brought together, that they may unite by the first intention. To accomplish this, let the bleeder with the thumb of that hand which holds the arm push the skin towards the orifice, while he draws it on the other side to the same point with the compress; thus the skin will be thrown into folds at the wound, over which he is immediately to apply the compress, which should be broad to keep the skin better together, and thick to make the com- pression more certain. When blood-letting is ordered, everything required for the operation should be at hand. The ligature for tying the arm, so as to obstruct the flow of blood in the veins below it, should be a soft old ribbon ; and the same may be employed for securing the pledget over the orifice, when the flow of the blood is to be stopped. The pledget, or compress, should be a piece of linen, folded into a square form, about an inch in diameter, and comprehending three or four thicknesses of the material. It is always proper to use a graduated basin for receiving the blood, that the exact quantity drawn may be ascertained. If the invalid be bled in bed, he should sit erect; if he be up, he should be placed erect in a chair. When the operator is dexterous, there is little or no necessity for guarding either the bed or the clothes of the patient from the blood; as the pressure of the thumb of the operator, placed below the point where the vein is to be punctured, should not be relaxed until the utensil for receiving the blood be conveniently placed for that purpose. A basin with a little tepid water, and a clean, soft towel, should be ready for washing and drying the arm, before the compresses and the bandage for preventing the further escape of the blood be applied. When a nurse or an attendant is not fully instructed in her duty, there is always considerable anxiety displayed to provide smelling salts and other means to obviate fainting. But, in many cases, much of the benefit of blood-letting depends on the fainting which it causes; and the propriety of checking that effect should be left entirely to the physician. No person should be present at this operation, nor should any one attempt to hold the basin for receiving the blood who is liable to become sick or faint at the sight of blood. The arm should not be used for some hours after a vein has been opened in it; but ? if everything has gone on well, the bandage may be removed at the end of two days. When this has been applied too tightly, the forearm and hand are apt to swell and become painful, in which case the bandage is to be loosened. If, on removing the bandage, it is found that the orifice, instead of being closed, presents an inflamed appearance, with its lips swelled and red, the arm is to be kept per- fectly quiet, the edges of the wound brought in contact, and some cool application made to the part, to relieve the inflammation. In those cases where the inflammation extends beyond the orifice, and assumes an erysipelatous appearance, with a hard and painful tumor around the wound, a compress is to be applied upon the vein at the inflamed part, to make the two sides adhere together; if they do not adhere, simple contact will still be sufficient to prevent suppuration in this part; or, if inflamma- tion has gone so far as to make the surgeon suspect that suppuration has taken placc^ 476 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. then the compress must be put upon that part of the vein just above the suppura- tion. . The remedy for inflammation of the veins consequent on venesection, which answers best, is the application of a blister over the inflamed part. As soon as the inflam- mation commences, a small plaster of simple cerate, spread on linen, should be applied on the orifice, and over this, a blister large enough to cover the whole inflamed part, extending three or four inches from the orifice in every direction. This remedy was first proposed, and made use of, by Dr. Physick, and has been employed by many physicians with great success, even after extensive inflammation of the vein has taken place. . . Sometimes it becomes expedient to open the external jugular vein, lo do this, the head should be laid on one side, and the vein compressed by the operator's thumb near the clavicle, and the opening made in that part of the vein which lies over the sterno- cleidomastoid muscle. The blood soon ceases to escape after the pressure is removed, but a small strip of adhesive plaster is sometimes necessary. In children, especially where they are very fat, a vein in the leg or foot can often be found, especially about or above the malleolus, when none are perceptible in the arm. To promote their distension, and to increase the bleeding when they are opened, it is found useful to immerse the limb in warm water. _ # In bleeding young children from the arm, when they are restless and fretful, it is a good plan to attach the child's arm to the left forearm of the operator, by means of ligatures at the wrist and centre of the arm; by this means, complete control is ob- tained over the motion of the child's arm, and the venesection can be accomplished with comparative ease. Arteriotomy is the opening of an artery to detract blood. It is much more limited than venesection in its application, being practiced only upon the temporal and posterior auricular arteries; and, in most cases, is restricted to the former only. In this, the anterior branch is preferred, where it passes above the exterior angle of the eyebrow. In performing the operation, the vessel is to be partially divided transversely, and not longitudinally. When as much blood has been drawn as is deemed necessary, the incision is to be deepened so as to divide the artery entirely. On the consequent retraction of the cut extremities, the bleeding will generally cease; if it should not, a graduated compress, maintained in place by a bandage around the head, is to be applied. Topical Blood-letting.— This consists of the abstraction of blood by cupping, leeching, or scarification. , . , . «, ■> ■> Cupping is performed in the following manner: The skm being softened by means of a sponge and warm water, a small bell-like glass, known as a cupping-glass having the air contained in it rarefied by being passed over the flame of a lamp, or by other means, is immediately applied to the part, all hair and other extraneous substances being previously removed; from the formation of a vacuum beneath the cup, the pressure of the air on the surrounding surface causes that portion included in the cup to swell, and the vessels to become turgid. When this has taken place, the cup is removed and several incisions made by means of a scarificator, an instrument con- taining numerous lancets, which, by means of a spring, can make a corresponding number of incisions at the same moment; the depth of these incisions can be regu- lated by means of a screw which protrudes or withdraws the lancet, according totne vascularity of the part, the quantity of blood to be drawn, &c. When a sufficient quantity of blood has collected in the cup, it is to be removed by introducing the nail of one of the fingers under the edge, by which means, air being allowed to enter, the cup becomes detached. The part being washed with warm water to remove any clots of blood, the cup is again to be applied as above, and the operation continued till a sufficient quantity of blood is obtained. Sometimes, especially when applied to the scalp, the cups fill so rapidly with blood, as to become detached almost imme- diately on being applied. ' For the operation of cupping, a basin of hot water, sponges, and clean sott towels OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. 477 are to be provided. It is generally considered as a severe and painful operation; but this is not the case, if the operator understand his business. This is readily ascer- tained by observing the manner in which the cups are applied, and the rapidity with which they are filled. A good cupper does not exhaust much of the air in the cup before applying it, but simply passes its mouth rapidly over the flame of a lamp; for, when it is held over the flame even for a few seconds, the compression of the edge of the cup upon the skin is so great, that it operates as a ligature, and checks the flow of the blood to the scarified part; thence very little blood is procured. A good cup- per, also, removes the cups without spilling the blood which they contain; and the whole operation is completed in a short time. In our large towns, it is but seldom that physicians, nurses, or those attending in a sick room, are called upon to perform the operation of cupping, as professional cup- pers are readily to be obtained ; but in small towns or villages, this is not the case, and the duty devolves either upon the physician or on those acting as nurses ; and hence some directions are necessary to those unaccustomed to this task. Few are found sufficiently expert to exhaust the air in the cup by means of the lamp; and even among the professional cuppers in this city this mode is very rare, though, when pro- perly performed, it is by far the best. The usual plan is to rarify the air in the cup by means of a small cone of paper, dipped in spirits of wine, or strong brandy; this is ignited and thrown in the cup, which is instantly to be applied to the intended spot. Where the proper cupping-glasses and scarificator are not to be had, wine glasses or very small tumblers may be substituted for the first, and small incisions by means of a thumb lancet will answer the purpose of the latter. A very convenient apparatus may be obtained at most of the surgical-instrument makers, consisting of cups and an exhausting syringe fitted to them, by which even the most inexperienced nurse can perform the operation of cupping. The cicatrices of the scarifications leave a permanent mark; on which account, females should not be cupped upon the nape of the neck; but when blood is to be drawn from the head, the glasses should be applied behind the ears, and a portion of hair removed in such a manner that it may be covered by what remains. When cupping-glasses are applied without any scarification being practiced, the ope- ration is called dry cupping, and is much used to cause a speedy irritation of the skin for the relief of oppression of breathing, local pains, &c. To obtain the full benefit from this operation, the cups should be suffered to remain upon the part until they cause an exudation of a small quantity of serum, or great irritation of the part. The application of dry cups has been found extremely beneficial in poisoned wounds; they act not only by abstracting the poison, but also, by the pressure they exercise on and around the part, in preventing the absorption of it. The experiments of Dr. Barry in England, and of Drs. Pennock and llodrigue in this country, show un- ecmivocally the value of this plan of treatment. Leeching consists in the application of leeches to any vascular part of the body. These are annulated animals, having an extensile, soft body, terminated at each ex- tremity with a muscular disk, the anterior of which is furnished below with a mouth having three crcscentic jaws, armed with numerous sharp teeth. To draw blood, the leech first renders the part tense by means of the anterior disk, which acts like a cupping-glass, and then makes a triangular wound by a saw-like motion of its tri- radiate jaws; it then draws the blood by suction, until it is completely gorged, when it detaches itself and falls off. Leeches are seldom properly applied or managed. The part to which they arc intended to be applied should be washed with a little soap and warm water, then with simple cold water, and, lastly, it should be well dried. If the part be hot and inflamed, the leeches should be put, for a few minutes, into tepid water; and this should be done, also, when they arc to be applied in the mouth, or to any part of the body warmer than the general surface; but, at all times, before they are applied, they should be dried between the folds of a clean soft towel. The easiest and best mode of applying them is, first, to place the number to be used in a hollow made with the points of the fingers in a towel folded like a napkin; then, so to turn the towel and the leeches upon the part where it is intended they should fix, that the towel will cover them. The hand must 478 OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS. be kept over the towel, to prevent their escape, until they all bite, which usually happens in a few minutes : after which, the towel may be removed. By this method, twenty or thirty leeches can be applied more rapidly and with less trouble than two, when each leech is separately applied. Another plan is to put the leeches into a pill-bos or small glass, and apply this over the part to which it is designed that they should attach themselves. If this plan, however, cannot be pursued, owing to the nature of the part to which they are to be applied — as, for example, the inner or outer angle of the eye — then the simplest method is to scratch the skin with the point of a needle, and to apply the leech to the spot moistened with blood. When they are to be applied within the mouth, or any open cavity, each leech should be put into a large quill, with its head towards the open end of the quill, which should be applied to the part, and retained upon it until the leech is fixed, when the quill may be gently withdrawn; but a thread should be tied round the tail of the leech when it is to be applied within the mouth, to prevent it from being swallowed — an accident which has occasionally happened, and has been productive of serious conse- quences. Leeches should never be forcibly detached, as their teeth are apt to separate, and, being left in the wound, to cause an erysipelatous inflammation on the part. They should be permitted to drop spontaneously, which being the result of a temporary suflbcation (asphyxia), all muscular energy ceases in the animal, and, the teeth shrink- ing, it drops off entire. A bread-and-water poultice, not too hot, should then be laid over the bites, to encourage the bleeding. The invalid should be kept warm in bed, when it is necessary to abstract a large quantity of blood. In general, the bites soon cease to bleed; but, in some instances, a copious flow takes place; and therefore, to prevent exhaustion, the poultice should be frequently examined. This exhaustion is more likely to occur in children than in adults ; and, for the same reason, leeches should not be applied upon children late in the evening, unless they are very urgently required. It is also proper, in young patients, to select for their application a part which admits of pressure; for example, the thorax and temples, where the bones are covered with a thin layer of soft parts. Sometimes the hemorrhage continues so as to become alarming; in such cases, where pressure is unavailing or cannot be prac- ticed, creasote or some of the styptics applied to the bites will be found useful. Pow- dering the spot with rye flour has also proved effectual. "When these means fail, cauterizing the bites by means of a fine point of nitrate of silver, or with a red-hot probe or knitting needle generally proves successful. Scarifications are slight incisions made in a vascular part, in order to relieve the engorged capillaries; they are practiced in inflammations of the conjunctiva, and in those of the tonsils, with much benefit in many cases.. The operation is very simple, consisting merely in dividing the surface of the inflamed parts to a slight depth with the point of a lancet or scalpel, and encouraging the bleeding by means of warm water. POISONS. Poisons are usually defined to be substances of an animal, vegetable, or mineral nature, which, when administered in a small quantity, are capable of producing dele- terious effects on the animal economy, and, in some instances, of causing the same consequences when applied to the surface of the body. But this definition is not strictly accurate, and is not applicable to all cases of poisoning; nor is it, perhaps, possible to give in a few words such a one as would include all poisonous agents. Poisons are usually arranged according to their action on the system ; but, as the alpha- betical plan has been pursued in the main body of this work, it will be continued in the present instance. For full information on the subject, the reader is referred to the work of A. S. Taylor " On Poisons in relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medi- cine." Acid, Acetic. Symptoms. — Great heat and burning pain in the stomach, convulsions, death. Morbid Appearances. — Mouth and fauces brownish; lingual papillae enlarged; oesophagus lined with a brownish adventitious membrane; stomach livid and even blackened; vessels much injected. Antidotes. — Magnesia or its carbonates mixed into a cream with water. Acid Arsenious, or Arsenic. A metallic, corrosive poison. Symptoms. — A metallic, austere taste; a great flow of saliva; nausea and vomiting; fainting, great thirst; a sensation of heat in the stomach, which, in many cases, rejects the mildest fluids; much griping, tenesmus, and purging; the stools being dark-colored and very offensive; the urine scanty and high-colored; the pulse small, frequent, and often intermittent; distressing palpitation of the heart, with labored respiration and cold sweats; prostration of strength; sometimes paralysis of the extremities, delirium, convulsions, &c. Morbid Appearances generally confined to the stomach and intestines ; in the former, in the form of intense inflammation, but not of erosion or abrasion; the inflammation also evident in the upper intestines, but slight in the colon, though often violent in the rectum. The morbid appearances of other organs various. Sometimes no morbid phenomena to be found. Tests. — In the solid state : entirely sublimed by heat. If previously mixed with charcoal (and placed in a suitable test-tube), deoxidated arsenic will be obtained in form of a metallic coating inside the tube; and this may be re-converted into arsenious acid by urging it in various directions along the tube with the aid of a minute (spirit- lamp) flame; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen in some places with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a 4-power lens. In solution: ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon-colored (arsenite of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal nitrate of copper throws down a fresh, grass-green (arsenite of cojyper) precipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a bright yellow (sesquisulphurct of arsenic) precipitate. Lime-water precipitates a white (arsenite of lime) powder; but this test is not one to be relied upon. Placed with zinc, and diluted sulphuric acid, in Marsh's apparatus, the arscniuret- ted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of glass held within the flame. 480 poisons. The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as directed above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. [Note. — In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in cases of death, the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled during at least three-quarters of an hour: if not sufficiently fluid, add distilled water. Strain, and with addition of a small quantity of potash, again boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifests either alka- line or acid reaction, neutralize with potash, or with acetic acid, as may be required; then acidu- late it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove the acid; and solution of muriate of soda will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experi- mented on with the above tests.] Treatment. — Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoctions of starch, or oily mixtures; tickling the fauces, &c, to induce vomiting; the stomach-pump; emetics of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly prepared, v. process, page 209) in large doses is the only antidote of reliance. Afterwards combat any inflammatory symptoms by the usual means, and let the patient subsist, for a long time, wholly on the blandest diet. All arsenical poisons have much the same action, and similar means are to be used for their detection and for counteracting their effects. Acid, Boracic. — This is said to be very virulent; but no instances have been re- corded of its fatal effects on man. Tests. — Not very soluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, which, when inflamed, burns with a rich green color; soluble in the caustic alkalies. Acid, Carbonic. — This gas is freely liberated in respiration, combustion, and fermentation, also in the calcination of lime, and is found in coal mines, wells, and cellars. Symptoyns. — Great drowsiness, giddiness, difficulty of respiration, loss of muscular power and sensibility, and coma. The whole body, but especially the face, appears swollen and livid; eyes are usually prominent, and retain their brilliancy for some time. Tests. — It extinguishes a taper if the proportion be above twelve or fifteen per cent. ; lime-water, or a solution of subacetate of lead, is precipitated white by it. Treatment. — Remove the person into the open air, and elevate the head, dash cold water over him, apply stimulating frictions to the thorax and extremities, use artificial inflation of the lungs; as soon as the patient can swallow, stimulants may be cautiously administered; but, if there are signs of oppression of the brain, venesection is to be performed. Acid, Citric. — In large doses, acts as an irritant poison; but no fatal case in the human subject has been recorded. Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic. — An extremely active, sedative poison. Symptoms. — When the dose is large, almost immediate death ensues; in smaller quantities, it causes pain in the head and stupor, nausea, faintness, vertigo, and loss of sight, followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pupils, a small vibrating pulse, and syncope, which will end in death, if curative means are not employed. Morbid Appearances. — None; but a strong odor of the acid is exhaled from the stomach. Tests. — The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odor. "When a little potash is mixed with liquids containing this poison, and solution of sulphate, or sesquichloride of iron added, a grayish-green precipitate is thrown down — which deepens to a Prussian blue tint, on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of silver produces a white (cyanide of silver) precipitate; which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rose-color, cyanogen being at the same time evolved. When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, &c, if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, then one-eighth poisons. 481 part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture; and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, as above. Treatment. — The internal remedy best calculated to act chemically on this poison, is carbonate of potash in solution, quickly succeeded by watery solutions of sulphate of iron (with the intention of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious substance named Prussian blue); but the instances of successful treatment by these, or, indeed, by any other kind of treatment, are extremely rare. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, &c. ; artificial respiration; exhibition of energetic stimulants, such as brandy, liquid ammonia; chlorine-water, chloride of soda and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried. Mustard poultices to the stomach, and cow- hage applied over the chest; venesection at the neck, temples, &c; and affusion of cold water to the head and spinal district, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. Employment of the stomach-pump, emetics, &c, seems a most improbable means of relief — or, rather, a waste of time. Acid, Muriatic or Hydrochloric. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Sensation of burning in the throat and stomach, styptic taste in the mouth, much thirst; the eyes red and sparkling; the pulse frequent and tense; the skin hot and dry; the tongue red and glazed; the lips black; vomiting of blood and yellow matter, having the peculiar smell of the acid; cold sweats, delirium, &c. Orfila also says, a thick white fume, having the penetrating odor of the acid, issues from the mouth. Morbid Appearances. — Mouth, fauces, throat, and stomach highly inflamed, of a deep-red color; mucous membrane sometimes detached or destroyed, sometimes per- forated; contents of the stomach yellow or dark green. Tests. — Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid (in small propor- tion) is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach; therefore proof of its presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wetted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammonise, so as to let the vapors of both meet, white (muriate of ammonia') fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver pro- duces a white (chloride of silver), curdy-looking precipitate. Treatment. — The immediate administration of magnesia, soda, or potassa, mixed in bland demulcent drinks, to be followed by the free use of emollients and mucilages. If patient survives the first effects of the poison, employ antiphlogistic means to over- come the supervening inflammation. Acid, Nitric, or Aquafortis. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Much the same as those produced by the last-mentioned poison. Mm hiil Appearances. — In cases where death has occurred soon after the ingestion of the poison, the most striking appearance is a layer of yellow matter on all parts reached by the acid. The lips, chin, and hands of the person are also often stained with orange-colored spots. Perforations of the stomach are found in most cases. Tests. — The orange-colored fumes that are given off, when it is boiled with copper filings, are characteristic. It reddens morphia, and blackens a solution of protosulphate of iron. A fluid containing it, on the addition of carbonate of potassa forms nitre, which may be known by its deflagration, or by powdering a small portion, and placing it in a glass tube with some fine copper filings, moistening with water, and adding a few drops of sulphuric acid — when, if it be nitre, there will be an evolution of the orange-colored fumes of nitrous acid. Treatment. — The administration of magnesia, or chalk, in some bland fluid, then the free use of demulcents, and subsequently the employment of antiphlogistic means DO subdue inflammation. Acid, Oxalic. — A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms. — Burning heat of the stomach, nausea; sometimes vomiting, but at others, ineffectual efforts to discharge the contents of the stomach; great prostration of strength, violent pain, spasmodic respiration, convulsions, &c. When the patient oL 482 poisons. survives the first effects of the poison, all the symptoms of violent inflammation of the alimentary canal are developed. In a diluted form, it appears to cause paralysis of the heart or symptoms of cerebro-spinal disease. Morbid Appearances. — Tougue and fauces usually covered with a viscid white coat; the stomach containing a dark-brown mucous fluid, and its substance of almost a gelatinous consistency. In some cases, no traces of the action of the poison are per- ceptible ; but, when death does not occur for some time, the alimentary canal is found inflamed. Tests. — In solid state : Has the characteristic sour taste of most acids ; and pro- duces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a crackling sound accompanies the solution of its crystals. In solution : Solution of chloride of lime produces a white (oxalate of lime) precipitate (which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, but soluble in nitric acid). Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate (which, on being carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish outline, and towards the end shows some slight explosions). Treatment. — Mixtures of magnesia, whiting (or plaster scraped from off the inside wall of an apartment) mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as convenient for swallowing); abundant drinks subsequently. No alkalies should be employed. Acid, Sulphuric. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — An austere styptic taste in the mouth; a sensation of burning heat in the throat and stomach, followed by nausea, vomiting, and much fetor of the breath. The matters vomited contain both venous and arterial blood. Signs of great inflam- mation of the abdominal viscera soon manifest themselves, with difficult respiration, a croupy cough, and a small, frequent, irregular pulse; great anxiety and restlessness, convulsive motions of the muscles of the face and lips; sometimes a papulous erup- tion preceding death. Morbid Appearances. — These are not always to be found, except in the fauces and larynx, which, in most cases, present evidences of the highly corrosive action of the poison. The stomach sometimes is found to contain a quantity of dark grumous mat- ter, and is much distended with fetid gas — its membranes ulcerated, dark-colored, and having numerous corroded spots, and even perforations. Tests. — The acid may be in a concentrated or a diluted state. If in the former, any organic matter placed in contact with it is blackened and charred; when mixed with an equal bulk of water, much heat is evolved; when boiled with copper filings or mercury, sulphurous acid gas is evolved. When the acid is in a diluted state, the best test is nitrate of baryta, which causes a dense white precipitate of sulphate of baryta ; this can be verified by calcining it for some minutes with an equal weight of charcoal, wrapped in platina foil, then introducing the residue into a glass-tube and adding a few drops of muriatic acid. This will cause an extrication of sulphuretted hydrogen, which can be recognized by its odor, and by its blackening carbonate or acetate of lead. Treatment. — The same as for the other mineral acids. Acid, Tartaric. — A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms. — Very analogous to those caused by oxalic acid. Morbid Appearances are likewise similar to those produced by oxalic acid. Tests. — When heated on platina foil, it burns with a pale reddish flame, and exhales a peculiar acrid vapor, leaving much carbonized matter. When a solution is treated with lime-water, it affords a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the acid; when treated with caustic potassa, it affords a granular precipitate of the bitartrate. Treatment. — The same as for oxalic acid. Acetate of Copper. See Copper. Acetate of Lead. See Lead. poisons. 483 Acetate of Morphia. See Opium. Aconite. See Vegetable Poisons. Alcohol. — A narcotico-acrid poison. Symptoms. — These vary according to the dose. In small quantities, there is mere excitement. In large closes, much excitement, with delirium, confusion of intellect, followed by somnolency; nausea and vomiting, and even coma and apoplexy. When an undue portion has been swallowed, it often proves instantly fatal; it may also prove fatal by occasioning or aggravating other diseases. The effects of an habitual use of it are diseases of the viscera, and various mental and nervous disorders. The symptoms of poisoning with alcohol may be mistaken for those of epilepsy or apo- Morbid Appearances are inflammation, softening, &c, of the mucous membrane of the stomach, congestion of the cerebral vessels, sanguineous or serous extravasation in the brain or lungs. Tests. — Odor of the contents of the stomach, or of matters ejected from it. The chemical proof consists in removing the contents of the stomach, mixing them with distilled water, filtering and distilling in union with carbonate of potassa or soda; the product is mixed with fused chloride of sodium, and again distilled. Alcohol will be found in the receiver. Treatment. — Withdraw the contents of the stomach, as speedily as possible, by a stomach-pump; afterwards an emetic of salt and water should be given in large doses, and repeated, at short intervals, till the stomach is well cleared. The cold affusion is useful in some cases. Ammonia may be employed as a stimulant, and general symp- toms obviated by blood-letting; but this must be employed with great caution. Alkalies. Ammonia. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Excoriation of the mouth and fauces; burning sensation in the throat and stomach, usually followed by vomiting and purging, the ejected matters being often bloody. When the quantity taken is large, an immediate feeling of strangula- tion ensues, attended with convulsions. If the result is fatal, it quickly follows the ingestion of the poison. The inhalation of ammonia by the nostrils, when it is too freely used in cases of fainting, has caused the same symptoms as when taken into the stomach. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of high inflammation of the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. — The pungent odor; its alkaline reaction — but which is dissipated by heat. By causing a yellow precipitate with a mixture of arsenious acid and nitrate of silver; by producing a rich violet-blue solution with sulphate of copper; and forming white fumes with chlorine. Treatment. — The immediate administration of one of the vegetable acids, and afterwards the copious use of demulcents. When ammoniacal vapor has been inhaled, the patient should inspire the vapor of vinegar. Potassa. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — An acrid, caustic, urinous taste in the mouth ; a sensation of burning heat in the throat; "nausea, and sometimes vomiting of bloody matters. The surface cold and clammy; the pulse quick and feeble; hypercatharsis, and violent colicky pains. Morbid Appearances. — Strong marks of inflammation in the alimentary canal, softening, erosion of the mucous coat, and, in some cases, perforation of the stomach. Tests. — Alkaline reaction; precipitation of nitrate of silver in the form of a dark- colored oxide. Carbonic acid water causes no precipitate. A concentrated solution affords a canary-yellow precipitate with bichloride of platina. 484 poisons. to Treatment. — Vinegar and the diluted vegetable acids, to be followed by a free use of demulcents, or oleaginous mixtures. Soda. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms and Morbid Appearances. — Analogous to those following the use of potassa. Tests. — Caustic soda in solution is not precipitated by bichloride of platina or tar- taric acid; its alkaline nature can be ascertained by the usual tests. Treatment. — The same as for potassa. Antimony. — Metallic antimony is not regarded as a poison; but its vapor is said cause unpleasant .symptoms when respired. Antimony, Tartarized, generally known as Tartar Emetic, is an irritant metallic poison. Symptoms. — Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, burning heat at the epigastrium, severe colic and purging, small and rapid pulse, cold skin, syncope, difficult respiration, vertigo, insensibility to external stimulants, painful cramps in the lower extremities, great prostration of strength. Morbid Appearances. — The stomach and intestines often much inflated with gas; their mucous membrane red, and covered with a slightly adhering viscid layer ; the peritoneum of a dark brick-red hue ; the membranes of the brain displaying marks of inflammation. Tests. — In a solid state, add charcoal, introduce into a test-tube and expose to heat; metallic antimony will be found of a grayish-black lustre. In the state of solution, diluted nitric acid causes a white precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a reddish-orange precipitate. Solutions containing tannin cause a copious, curdled, whitish-yellow precipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the solution must be well agitated along with a small portion of muriatic and tartaric acid ; then filtered previous to being experimented on. Treatment. — Encourage vomiting by free administration of warm water and other diluents, or employ the stomach-pump, if necessary. Infusions containing tannin are very useful by decomposing the poison. Baryta, and Preparations of. — The only two preparations of baryta that have caused death are the Carbonate and Chloride. Symptoms. — Those of irritation, combined with an affection of the brain and nerv- ous system, as vertigo, convulsions, and paralysis. Morbid Appearances. — Evidences of inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach. Tests. — In solution : sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white (sulphate of baryta) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of silver also produces a white (sulphate of silver) precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance; which circumstance, being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. Treatment. — Sulphates of magnesia or soda in solution in water, if the patient is seen early; they are, however, of little use where the carbonate has been taken, for in this case emetics and the stomach-pump should be used. Belladonna. See Vegetable Poisons. Bismuth. — The only preparation that has caused death is the Subnitrate. Symptoms. — Burning pain in the throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, coldness of the extremities, and spasms. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the fauces and oesophagus, redness of the stomach and intestines. Tests. — In substance : Dissolves in nitric acid, without change of color, and without effervescing (which distinguishes it from a carbonate). Sulphuric acid produces no poisons. 485 precipitate (disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead). Dissolve it in nitric acid, and add solution of potasb so long as any precipitate is thrown down ; gather this in a filter, and, after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal (and treat it as directed for preparations of lead), when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. Treatment. — Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, &c, and give continuous full draughts of sweet milk. Bromine. — An irritant, corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Irritation and inflammation of the parts with which it comes in con- tact, whether in substance or in vapor. Morula 1 Appearances. — Fauces, oesophagus, and stomach inflamed and corroded, mucous membrane gelatinized, duodenum of a yellow color, and thickened; the parts retaining a strong smell of the poison. Tests. — Its color, odor, and volatility. All solutions containing it are rendered colorless by the addition of potassa. On being evaporated, the residue is to be incine- rated at a low temperature, the ash dissolved in distilled water, filtered, and chlorine passed through the solution. On the addition of ether, the bromine is taken up by that fluid. Treatment. — The immediate and free use of albumen, or starch. Britcia. See Vegetable Poisons. Calomel. See Mercury. Camphor. See Vegetable Poisons. Cantharides. — An acrid and corroding animal poison. Symptoms. — A burning sensation in the throat; violent pain in the stomach and bowels; nausea, vomiting, and purging — the ejections being frequently bloody and purulent; great heat and irritation of the urinary organs, sometimes the most painful priapism; pulse quick and hard; convulsions, tetanus, delirium, syncope. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; if in substance, fragments of the flies, adhering to the mucous coat, or mixed with contents; marks of inflammation in the intestines and urinary organs : these are most evident when death does not soon follow the ingestion of the poison. Tests. — The characteristic green, shining appearance of the fragments of the flies, and the character of the symptoms. Treatment. — The promotion of vomiting by means of warm demulcents; copious dilution, bleeding, the warm bath, opiate frictions, enemata of mutton broth, lauda- num, &c. Camphor, though not an antidote, alleviates some of the most distressing symptoms. Carbonic Acid Gas. Symptoms. — Great drowsiness; difficulty of respiration; loss of sensibility; the countenance of a livid or deep leaden color. Mor/jit/ Appearances. — Whole body, but especially the face, swollen, which is also usually livid, and the features distorted ; eyes generally prominent, and retaining their brilliancy. Vessels of the brain and lungs in a state of congestion. Teds. — Expose a vessel, filled with lime-water, to the deleterious atmosphere, when, if carbonic acid be present, it will assume a milky appearance, and let fall a white precipitate. A lighted candle will detect the presence of carbonic acid gas (if in excess) by being immediately extinguished in the tainted atmosphere; it must, for this purpose, be held near the floor. [The utmost caution should be observed in introducing lighted tapers into close situations supposed to contain this gas, lest an explosive hydrocarbon may, instead, be met with.] Treatment. — llemove the patient from the situation or apartment in which the poison has been inhaled; or open the doors, windows, &c, for admission of pure air. 486 poisons. Continued application of cold water to the head and neck. Bleeding may be neces- sary; or cupping at back of the neck. Cautious inhalation of steam from warm water placed in a convenient vessel. Chlorine. — An acrid gaseous poison. Symptoms. — Great and painful constriction of the glottis, cough, sensation of suffo- cation, alternating with asphyxia ; if the case is protracted, inflammation of the larynx, and pneumonic inflammation; odor of the gas perceptible in the breath and in vomited matters. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of irritation and inflammation in all the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. — A solution of this gas has a yellowish color, and a strong peculiar smell, which latter is evolved on boiling. It gives a white precipitate with nitrate of silver, which is insoluble in muriatic acid. Treatment. — The best remedy is a free use of albumen. Magnesia with muci- laginous fluids may also be freely exhibited. Chrome. — The only form of this metal that requires notice is the Bichromate of Potassa. — An acrid mineral poison. Symptoms. — Burning heat in the mouth, throat, and stomach; excessive and pain- ful vomiting of bloody mucus; convulsions, palsy, &c. Morbid Appearances. — Softening and abrasion of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. Tests. — In substance, by its orange-red color. In solution, by affording a rich red precipitate with nitrate of silver, a bright yellow with acetate of lead, a dingy green with sulphuretted hydrogen. Treatment. — The use of the carbonates of potassa or soda to neutralize the excess of chromic acid, followed by the administration of emetics. Cocculus Indicus. See Vegetable Poisons. Colchicum Autumnale. See Vegetable Poisons. Conium Maculattjm. See Vegetable Poisons. Copper. — This metal is not poisonous in a metallic state, but becomes highly so when oxidated, or in combination. The most common preparations of copper are the Acetate (verdigris), Sulphate (blue vitriol), the Carbonate, and Ammoniuret. Symptoms. — Violent headache, vomiting, pain in the bowels, cramps in the lower extremities, a peculiar and permanent coppery taste, diarrhoea, convulsions, palsy, and insensibility. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. When the case has been protracted, there is often a green tinge of the lining mem- brane, and a jaundiced appearance of the skin. Tests. — The Sulphate in a solid state : bright blue color, astringent metallic im- pression on the tongue. In solution : transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish-black (sid- pliurct of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates a pure green substance, which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved; but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-colored solution being then at once presented. Ferrocyanide of potassium throws down a reddish- brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a table-knife) acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the combining acid. The Acetate : Same tests as preceding, excepting the last. poisons. 487 The Ammonio-sulphate : has a brilliant violet-blue color, and an ammoniacal odor. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate; this experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid. Treatment. — Vomiting to be promoted by copious draughts of warm water, milk, or mucilaginous fluids; various antidotes have been highly praised. Sugar was formerly recommended, but has not been as successful as was supposed. Albumen and milk form an insoluble compound with copper, provided they are in large excess. The protosulphuret of iron and iron filings have also been employed with advantage ; but their action is too slow. The hydrated oxide of iron has been successfully administered where the arsenite of copper had been taken. Corrosive Sublimate. — See Mercury. Digitalis. — See Vegetable Poisons. Iodine. Symptoms. — In large doses, this substance causes heat and constriction of the fauces, nausea, offensive eructations, pain in the stomach, retching, colic, diarrhoea, quickness of the pulse, tremblings, great thirst, salivation, convulsions, &c. Morbid Appearances. — Distension and inflammation of the stomach and bowels; sphacelation in some places : in protracted cases, increased size and paleness of the liver. Tests. — In the solid form, it is in bluish-gray scales, having somewhat the odor of chlorine. When heated in a tube, it gives off violet fumes; when added to the mucilage of starch, it strikes a deep blue color. When it is mixed with other matters, pass a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen through the mixture, boil it, saturate with potassa, add mucilage of starch, filter, add nitric acid, and the color will indicate iodine. Treatment. — Promote vomiting by the free administration of amylaceous and mucilaginous fluids, and treat the inflammatory symptoms as they occur. Iodide op Potassium. Symptoms. — Uneasiness of the stomach, followed by nausea, and a burning sensa- tion in the stomach, vomiting, cephalalgia, vertigo, and tremors. Morbid Appearances. — Stomach contracted; mucous membrane with ecchymosed spots, and some abrasions ; marks of inflammation in the intestine's. Tests. — Solid state. Heat with the protoxide of manganese; moisten the powder with a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and water; heat in a tube, and the purple vapor of iodine makes its appearance. In solution : add to the filtered fluid an equal quantity of mucilage of starch, and a few drops of nitric acid, and the characteristic blue color will be produced. Test the urine in the same manner. It may also be detected in the solids of the body, by drying them, incinerating and lixiviating, filtering, and using starch and nitric acid. Treatment — The same as for iodine. Iron. — Not poisonous in a metallic state; but some of its preparations act as irri- tants, especially the sulphate and the muriate. Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, and purging; sensation of heat in the stomach and bowels; dejections of a black color, &c. Morbid Appearances. — Softening of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines; the whole extent of the alimentary canal of a black color; marks of inflammation. Tests. — For the sulphate: fcrrocyanide of potassium will give a greenish-blue pre- cipitate, becoming a deep blue by exposure to the air; hydrosulphuret of ammonia will give a black precipitate. The presence of sulphuric acid can be ascertained by means of nitrate of baryta. Treatment. — In poisoning by cither salt, magnesia or the alkaline carbonates should be freely given. 488 poisons. Lead. — In a metallic state, does not appear to be poisonous; but most of its com- pounds are so, especially the acetate, chloride, carbonate, and oxide. Symptoms. — Obstinate constipation, violent colic with retraction of the abdomen; vomiting, pulse small and hard, laborious breathing, and tremors, gums with a blue tinge, paralysis of the extremities, &c. Morbid Appearances. — The appearances on dissection are very various, but are prin- cipally those of inflammation. Tests. — In a solid state : Mixed with potash and charcoal, and exposed to a red heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, and exposed to a blow-pipe flame), metallic lead is formed. In solution : Sulphuric acid, and sulphates, throw down a white [sulphate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carb. of soda gives a white [carbonate of lead) deposit. Solution of chromate of potassa a rich yellow (chromate of lead) precipitate. Trans- mission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish {sulphuret of lead) precipitate. Zinc precipitates lead from solution of any of its salts. To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. Treatment. — Administer solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses; induce and con- tinue vomiting. If an insoluble salt of lead is the poison, almond or olive oil must at first be given in considerable quantity. The free exhibition of the sulphate of soda or magnesia, or of milk or albumen, to be followed by an emetic. In colic, the treat- ment is to consist of active purgatives, followed by full doses of opium or Dover's powder. Inflammatory symptoms are to be counteracted by antiphlogistic means. Lobelia. — See Vegetable Poisons. Mercury. — In a metallic state exercises but a slight influence on the body, but in a state of vapor is capable of causing violent symptoms. All the salts of mercury are poisonous ; but the most important is corrosive sublimate. Symptoms. — The symptoms caused by corrosive sublimate resemble those produced by arsenic, but, from the salt being more soluble, they are more immediate and violent; there is a more marked taste, and the evacuations are more frequently bloody. There are three varieties of poisouing with mercury. In the first, the leading symptoms are, violent irritation of the alimentary tube, namely, vomiting, purging, pain at the pit of the stomach, and irritation in the throat; metallic, styptic taste, corrosion of the mouth, tongue, and palate; constriction of the throat, and difficulty of swallowing. Blood evacuated both by vomiting and by stools, suppression of urine, countenance flushed, tumid, and bloated. In the second variety, salivation and sloughing of the mouth succeed to the irritation and inflammation. In the third, mercurial erethism comes on, and is not preceded by the symptoms of local irritation. The first variety arises from the more soluble salts of mercury, in large doses; the second, from the same preparations, but in smaller doses, and more diluted; the third, by the more insoluble and refractory compounds. Morbid Appearances. — These are similar to those attendant on irritative or corrosive poisoning. There are frequently shrivelling of the tongue, and enlargement of the papillae and root. In some cases, red and black spots in the cavities of the heart. Corrosion, ulceration, and disorganization of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. An inflamed condition of the urinary organs is also frequently observed. Tests. — Corrosive sublimate in a solid state : Is sublimed when heated in a test- tube; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, semi-transparent mass. Placed in a test-tube, and potassa or soda added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is thrown down (lime has the same effect). Triturated with an equal weight of well-dried carbonate of potassa, metallic globules of mercury will become visible. In solution: Ammonia sends down a white (ammonio-chloride of mercury) pre- cipitate. Solution of proto-chlonde of tin affords a (calomel) precipitate, which at first is white, but acquires a leaden color on adding more of said test; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules of quicksilver are poisons. 489 formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a (bisidplmret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden-colored, then black. Solution of iodide of potas- sium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (proto-ioduret of mercury) precipitate. Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence applied as follows : A drop of the suspected fluid being laid on a piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercury soon becomes apparent on the gold. Being most soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of much service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. The Bicyanide: When heated in a tube, cyanogen gas is evolved, which, when inflamed at the mouth, burns with a rose-red flame, with a blue halo. Calomel: Is sublimated by heat. When heated along with potash, it at first assumes a black appearance, and then quicksilver globules are observed. Hydro- sulphuret of ammonia is equally valuable in treatment of calomel, as in the fore- going. The Iodide: On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-colored crys- tals, which soon change to yellow, and subsequently to a dusky hue. On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with potash (in equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decomposition occurs; metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. Red Precipitate : Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is sublimed; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. The Persulphate: Treated in same manner as foregoing, sublimation of the mercury takes place; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly evolved. Treatment. If vomiting does not already exist, it must be produced by the ex- hibition of emetics. Various antidotes have been suggested for this poison. The best appears to be albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and infusion of catechu afterwards; sweet milk; mixtures of flour with water (for sake of gluten) in successive cupfuls; iron filings (emetics of tartrate of antimony have been re- commended, to combat ptyalism, when present); but to check excessive salivation, small doses of the chlorate of potassa appear to be the most successful. Morphia. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. Nux Vomica. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. See Vegetable Poisons. PnosPHortus. — A corrosive poison. Symptom* are protracted in their appearance. A hot alliaceous taste in the mouth ; acrid burning sensation in the throat and stomach; nausea and vomiting. The vomited matters are of a dark color, and emit white fumes; pulse small and frequent; fre- quently violent convulsions. Morbid Appearances. — A general inflammatory appearance of the stomach and intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. Tests. — The peculiarity of its odor; its highly inflammable property, when only moderately heated. Treatment. — Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts. Promote continuous vomiting by tickling application of a feather to the fauces. The exhibi- tion of oil is injurious, as it tends to dissolve the phosphorus. Strychnia. — See Vegetable Poisons. Nux vomica. Tin. — This is not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its salts, as the chlorides, are violent irritants. Symptoms. — An austere metallic taste; constriction of the throat, impeded respira- tion, violent vomiting, cramp of the stomach and violent colic, purging, pulse small and quick, convulsions, sometimes paralysis, asphyxia. 490 POISONS. Morbid Appearances.— Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and intestines. p ests _Chloride of gold gives a deep purple-brown, almost black precipitate. Nitrate of silver affords a white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid. Sulphuretted hvdro^en throws down a deep chocolate-brown precipitate, even m diluted solutions. Treatment —Copious draughts of milk; then excite vomiting. Inflammatory symp- toms to be combated by antiphlogistics, and nervous irritation by opiates and anti- spasmodics. Vegetable Poisons.— These are very numerous, and possessed of the most dif- ferent qualities; some being mere irritants, others narcotic irritants— whilst another class are pure narcotics. Irritants —This includes a great number of vegetable substances, the principal of which are aloes, arum, capsicum, colocynth, creasote, croton^ seeds, elaterium, euphorbium, gamboge, jalap, mezereon, ricinus or castor seeds, savin, scammony, &c. Symptoms— Many of these articles act especially on the bowels, and in moderate doses are efficaciously used as purgatives. In large doses, they cause hypercatharsis, and much irritation of the stomach and bowels. Morbid Appearances.— These are various degrees of inflammation of the stomach an Tes7— None by means of reagents. The rich yellow color of gamboge may some- times prove a means of its detection; and familiar acquaintance with others ot the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, &c. Treatment.— The expulsion of the poison by means of emetics, and, when this is effected, copious demulcent drinks in a warm state; succeeded by liquid cordial, stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circumstances. Narcotics.— This is a small class of the vegetable poisons, the most important of which are opium, hydrocyanic acid, and hyoscyamus. #SLs.— Drowsiness, stupor, perfect insensibility, followed by delirium or pro- found coma; pallid countenance, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, slow and full pulse, cold and livid skin, suspension of all the secretions except perspiration; sometimes convulsions, particularly in children. m Morbid Appearances.- Sometimes redness of the stomach and intestines, fluidity of the blood, engorgement of the lungs; but the only post-mortem appearance that appears to occur in all cases is tumescence of the vessels of the bram, sometimes with effusion of water on its surface or into the ventricles. But this condition of the brain does not furnish of itself any evidence of poisoning by opium, as it is frequently iound to arise from a variety of other causes. . Tests —Opium in substance : its peculiar taste, color, and odor (especially the latter quality when arising from opium in a softened or moist state, and more so if it be moderately heated; as when just obtained from the stomach). In solution: Nitric acid throws down a red-colored (nitrate of morphia) precipitate. Tincture of the muriate of iron produces a (meconate of iron) deposit, which is also ^ When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach it usually contains a mingling of organic substances; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered sufficiently fluid by addition of distilled water when necessary, then slightly acidulated with acetic acid; the liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, and filtered must be evaporated to thickness of syrup. And, after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup When this alco- holic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, solution of ammonia cautiously added produces a (morphia) precipitate, which acquires^ yellow color when nitric acid is dropped into it. When the last named precipitate is removed by filtra- tion, and acetate of lead added to the supernatant (meconate of ammonia) liquor, a (meconate of lead) deposit is afforded; which, when suspended m water, is decomposed poisons. 491 by transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue on addition of the sesquichloride of iron. Morphia in the solid state : Is soluble only in a slight degree in water. Nitric acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a deep orange-reel. Cbloride of iron gives an inky-blue color, which is destroyed by acids. Iodic acid is decomposed by mor- phia. To show this, the acid is to be mixed with starch ; on the addition of morphia, the iodine combines with the starch, which becomes of a blue color, if the quantity is large, or of a reddish or purplish tint, if small. Treatment. — The stomach to be evacuated by means of the stomach-pump, as speedily as possible. This is to be pursued until the water used no longer has the smell or taste of opium. When a stomach-pump cannot be procured, emetics of sul- phate of zinc are to be administered, until the stomach is freed ; strong decoctions of tea or coffee are found useful in the intervals. Cold affusions on the head, chest, and spine have been used with great success. Flagellation and other means of arousing the patient from a state of lethargy must also be employed. Bleeding should not be resorted to until all the poison has been eliminated, as the abstraction of blood tends to promote absorption. The administration of vinegar is also objectionable. The best liquid that can be given is a strong decoction of coffee. The various antidotes that have been recommended are useless. Hyoscyamus. Symptoms. — Sickness, stupor, dimness of sight and delirium, followed by coma and much dilatation of the pupils ; pulse at first hard, but becoming weak and tremulous ; petechia often making their appearance before death. Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the stomach, bowels, and brain. Tests. — There are no tests that can be relied upon, except a recognition of the plant and the nature of the symptoms. Treatment. — The speedy evacuation of the poison, by means of emetics and purga- tives, and the subsequent use of acidulous drinks. Narcotico-Irritants. — These are very closely allied in their effects to the last class, but have a more direct action on the spinal marrow and nerves, as shown by the more frequent occurrence of convulsions and paralysis. They differ much from each other in their action on the system; most of them, however, owing their proper- ties to the presence of an alkaloidal principle. The most important are : digitalis, vcratrum, conium, colchicum, lobelia, aconitum, belladonna, stramonium, tobacco, nux vomica, &c. Symptoms. — These are various, but in general are vertigo, coma, delirium, paralysis, or convulsions, with disturbance and pain in the stomach and intestines. Those belong- ing to the nux vomica tribe have marked effects on the spinal marrow, causing tetanus and convulsions, but seldom coma or delirium ; whilst, on the other hand, squill and foxglove produce symptoms of narcotism, preceded by vomiting, and other signs of irritant action on the stomach. Morbid Appearances. — These, like the symptoms, are very various. In some cases, there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines; in others, this is wholly wanting. Where there have been symptoms of cerebral disturbance, traces of congestion of the brain are usually discernible, but are not found in every case. Tests. — Most of these poisons, as before said, owe their deleterious powers to the presence of an alkaloidal principle, which is exceedingly difficult to detect by chemical tests; hence the strongest evidence is to be derived from an inspection of the frag- ments of the plant itself, if it has been administered in substance ; but this mode of discrimination fails where the poison has been taken in the form of extract, infusion, or decoction. In such cases, the only reliance is on the symptoms and concomitant circumstances. Treatment — This consists in the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach-pump, fol- lowed by the administration of purgatives. No antidote can be relied upon ; but, as 492 POISONS. tannin decomposes these alkaloids, the free use of decoctions or infusions containing it may be resorted to with advantage. Zinc. — This has no poisonous properties in a metallic state, but several of its salts possess active powers. Of these, the sulphate or white vitriol is the most common and most likely to occasion unpleasant symptoms. Symptoms. — Pain in the abdomen, violent vomiting and diarrhoea, quick pulse, paleness and contraction of the features, coldness of the extremities. There is always a very austere taste in the mouth. Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. Tests. — Ammonia gives a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the alkali. Chromate of potassa affords an orange-red deposit, the chromate of zinc. Treatment. — The free exhibition of warm water with milk. Infusions containing tannin. Where the poison has entered the bowels, emollient clysters are to be given. TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. The following table, from Taylor " On Poisons," gives a succinct view of the most approved antidotes for the several poisons noticed in the foregoing pages : — Non-Metallic Poisons Poisons, f Sulphuric, Mineral Acids. Vegetable Acids. Salts. - - - Alkalies. - - Salts - - - j Nitric, 1 Muriatic, [ Nitro-Muriatic. f Oxalic, | Tartaric. iBinoxalate of potassa. Bitartrate of potassa. Antidotes. Magnesia mixed with water or milk ; car- bonate of lime; compound chalk pow- der; soda, potassa. < Carbonate of lime. Carbonate of lime. Sulphate of lime and water. Carbonate of soda in solution. ( Potassa, soda, ammo- f 1 nia, and their car- < Vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, oil. (^ bonates. (^ f Baryta and its soluble Sulphate of soda, potassa, magnesia or I salts. lime. 1 Carbonate of baryta. Mixture of sulphate of magnesia and vinegar. Alum. Carbonate of soda or ammonia. Arsenic and soluble arsenites. Corrosive sublimate and salts of mer- cury. Soluble salts of lead. Carbonate of lead. Soluble salts of copper. Tartar emetic. Chloride of antimony. Salts of tin. Sulphate or acetate of zinc. Sulphate of iron. Nitrate of silver. Metallic Poisons. C Hydrated oxide of iron; hydrated mag- 1 nesia. ( Mixture of oil and lime water. (Albumen, gluten or flour, diffused in | water. The alkaline sulphates. Sulphate of magnesia and vinegar, f Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in water; 1 milk. j Decoctions and tinctures containing tan- \ nin. Magnesia. Carbonate of soda; magnesia. Milk; carbonate of soda; magnesia. Milk ; carbonate of soda ; magr Carbonate of soda or ammonia. Chloride of sodium. poisons. 493 Narcotic Poisons. {Emetics; stomach pump ; cold affusion. Strong decoction of coffee; electro- magnetism. Prussic acid. Ammonia; chlorine; cold affusion. MODES OF DISTINGUISHING SOME OE THE VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS, WHEN IN POWDER. Treat the powder with nitric acid; this is colored red by Brucia, Delphia, Morphia, and by the Strychnia of commerce, but not the pure. If the reddened acid becomes violet on the addition of protochloride of tin, it is Brucia; if it becomes black and carbonaceous, it is Delphia. If the powder is fusible without decomposition, and decomposes iodic acid, it is Morphia; if it is not fusible without decomposition, and does not decompose iodic acid, it is Strychnia. If the powder strikes a green with nitric acid, it is Soiania; if insoluble in ether, and does not redden nitric acid, it is Emetia; if soluble in ether, does not redden nitric acid, but melts and volatilizes with heat, it is Atropia; if thus affected by ether or nitric acid, but does not volatilize, it is Veratria. INDEX DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Abscess. Lead oint., 817. Lead cataplasm, 317. Soap cataplasm, 362. Abscess, Mammary. Liniment acet. lead, 314. Oint. iod. potass, and morphia, 323. Acidity op Stomach. Ammonia, 91. Lime water and milk, 135, 136. Prepared chalk, 136. Alkaline infusion cascarilla, 150. Milk and soda water, 261. Mag- nesia mixt., 269. Carbonate potass., 331. Alkaline tincture, rhubarb, 351. Pur- gative pastilles, 366. Carb. soda, 381. Lozenges, soda, 382. Acne. Wash of benzoin, 129. Oint. subacetate lead, 315. Compound powder sulphur, 393. Amaurosis. Ainmoniac mixture, 98. Anemone, 102. Comp. powder sulphate mercury, 245. Pills strychnia, 390. Collyrium and liniment strychnia, 390. Powder white hellebore, 408. Amenorrhea. Hiera picra, 82, and other preparations of aloes. Injection ammonia, 91. Muriate ammonia, 95. De Haen's pills, 97. Iodide calcium, 135. Can- tharides and savine, 141. Infusion dittany, 185. Metallic iron, 200. Bolus metallic iron, 200. Ammoniated iron, 201. Ointment bromide iron, 202. Pills carbonate iron, 203. Mixture chloride iron, 204. Lozenges iodide iron, 206. Ointment iodide iron, 208. Black oxide iron, 211. Phosphate iron, 212. Sul- phate iron, 211. Hooper's pills, 211. Compound galbanum pills, 217. Com- pound infusion gentian, 220. Compound tincture guaiacum, 227. Ammoniated tincture guaiacum, 228. Infusion pennyroyal, 229. Bacher's pills, 230. Tinc- ture black hellebore, 230. Compound pills iodide mercury, 242. Saturated tincture iodine, 251. Clyster iodine, 252. Muriate manganese, 273. Horehound, 274. Myrrh and sulphate iron, 280. Tincture myrrh and hellebore, 287. Madder, 354. Decoction madder, 854. Savine and ginger, 856. Savine pills, 856. Oil savine, 357. Compound infusion senna, 372. Mixture of borax, 881. Anasarca. Calomel and squill, 240. Crernor tartar, 338. Mixture dandelion, 398. Anaesthetic Remedies. Sulphuric ether, 80. Chloroform, 159. Angina Pectoris. Assafetida and musk, 117. Angina Syphilitic. Mercurial gargle, 233. Aphonia. Decoction arnica, 113. Aphthae. Decoction wild indigo, 124. Decoction barbcny, 129. New Jersey tea, 154. Chlorine, 158. Infusion goldthread, 179. Collutory crcasote, 182. Soot mouth wash, 216. Collutory rbatauy, 260. Mixture carbonate potass., 333. Lo- zenges borax, 380. Collutory borax, 380. Honey borax, 380. Arsenic, Poisoning by. IlyJrated oxide of iron, 209. Ascarides. Suppository aloes, 84. Injection aloes, 85. Clyster Southern wood, 114. Assafetida and iron, 117. Clyster assafetida, 118. Clyster camphor, 140. Compound tincture tartrate of iron, 213. Mixture senna, 855. Infusion tansy, 397. 496 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Ascites. Electuary Per. bark and iron, 164. Pill foxglove, 196. Foxglove and tartaric acid, 191. Elaterium mixture, 194. Gamboge mixture, 219. Cremor tartar, 338. Mixture dandelion, 398. Asthma. Ammoniac pill, 97. Ammoniac mixture, 98. Assafetida mixture, 117. Benzoin, 128. Catalpa, 152. Tincture larkspur, 189. Pill foxglove, 193. Gal- banum mixture, 217. Henbane and squill, 249. Mixture elecampane, 250. Oxymel elecampane, 251. Ipecacuanha and carbonate potass., 253. Ipecacuanha and nitre, 253. Ipecacuanha and foxglove, 254. Tincture lobelia, 268. Opium and foxglove, 296. Opium and castor, 297. Solution cyanide potass., 320. Scillitic acetate potass., 329. Mixture extract elder berries, 359. Squill and ammoniac, 367. Compound tincture squill and benzoin, 369. Compound stra- monium pills, 388. Atrophy. Mixture eggs, 305. Bed Sores. Alum liniment, 89. Mixture of tincture camphor, 140. Carbonate lead ointment, 316. Liniment and ointment tannate of lead, 318. Bladder, Diseases op. Emulsion cantharides, 142. Buchu, 192. Pareira brava, 306. Paullinia, 307. Mixture carbonate soda and copaiba, 382. Compound powder uva ursi, 404. Bones, Pains op. Decoction mezereon, 278. Tincture acetate strychnia, 391. Bronchitis. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, 94. Nitrate of silver, 111. Indian turnip, 115. Iodide calcium, 135. Creasote pills, 181. Monesia, 279. Linctus opium, 299. Bubo. Mercurial plaster, 235. Anodyne ointment, 299. Plaster acetate lead, 314. Lead ointment, 317. Lead cataplasm, 317. Burns, Scalds. Ointment wild indigo, 124. Lotion benzoin, 129. Solution chlorinated lime, 134. Lime water and oil, 135. Compound creasote ointment, 182. Carded cotton, 224. Cerate cherry laurel, 264. Liniment flaxseed, 267. Kentish's ointment, 293. Liniment eggs, 305. Basilicon ointment, 348. Calculous Affections. Draught muriatic acid, 74. Phosphate of ammonia, 96. Lime water and carbonate potass., 135. Wild potato, 177. Mixture Prussian blue, 206. Nitrate of iron, 209. Magnesia and gentian, 270. Solution nitro- saccharate lead, 318. Solution caustic potass., 329. Mixture bicarbonate potass., 334. Pills carbonate soda, 381. Lozenges carbonate soda, 381. Injection car- bonate soda, 382. Uva ursi, 404. Calculi, Biliary. Turpentine and ether, 293. Cancer. Arsenical powder, 69. Solution of arsenic, 69. Injection alum, 89. Acetate ammonia, 92. Iodide arsenic, 113. Chloride gold, 121. Chloride barium, 125. Compound pills belladonna, 127. Extract marigold, 137. Ointment mari- gold, 138. Carrot ointment, 148. Infusion hemlock, 175. Cataplasm hemlock, 178. Arseniate of iron, 201. Pills red oxide iron, 212. Compound soot oint- ment, 216. Hop ointment, 232. Infusion cherry laurel, 264. Ointment cherry laurel, 264. Ointment turpentine, 269. Ointment carbonate lead, 316. Oint- ment chloride lead, 316. Lotion chloride lead, 316. Ointment iodide potass, and opium, 323. Solution chloride soda, 383. Chloride zinc, 412. Cancrum Oris. Pyroligneous acid, 69. Solution chloride potass., 334. Cardialgia. Oil of wormwood, 64. Mixture boracic acid, 70. Acetic ether, 79. Ammonia, 91. Lime water and potass., 136. Pills gentian and ammonia, 220. Magnesia mixture, 269. Nux vomica, 288. Rhubarb and chalk, 348. Carbonate soda and rhubarb, 381. Caries. Phosphoric acid, 75. Creasote ointment, 182. Cataract. Anemone, 102. Catarrh. Gum mixture, lozenges, &c, 66. Mixture benzoic acid, 70. Garlic, 81. Ammoniated anisated alcohol, 94. Ammoniac mixture, 98. Ammoniac and nitric INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 497 acid, 98. Almond emulsion, 101. Starch lozenges, 102. Lozenges kermes mineral, 106. Syrup kermes mineral, 106. Catechu and liquorice, 152. Powder spermaceti, 155. Spermaceti mixture, 155. Mixture bittersweet, 194. Prepared liquorice, 224. Mixture henbane, 249. Compound pills elecampane, 250. Mix- ture elecampane, 250. Compound oxymel elecampane, 251. Ipecacuanha lozenges, 254. Lozenges ipecacuanha and camphor, 254. Lozenges lactucarium, 263. Horehound syrup and candy, 273. Pectoral hydromel, 276. Mixture balsam Peru, 285. Myrrh and squills, 286. Solution cyanide potass., 320. Nitrate potass, and orris root, 335. Syrup red poppies, 352. Squill and ipecacuanha, 367. Seneka and prep., 371-2. Sulphur and liquorice, 393. Sulphur and orris root, 393. Turpentine and myrrh, 399. Emulsion balsam tolu, 401. Mixture tolu and morphia, 401. Cephalalgia. Asarabacca, 115. "Ward's essence, 140. Liniment oil amber, 392. Cerebral Affections. Clyster tartar emetic, 108. Cataplasm horseradish, 112. Clyster colocynth, 173. Infusion galium, 218. Mixture borotartrate potass., 331. Clyster common salt and arnica, 379. Chancre. Syrup gold, 120. Ointment gold, 120. Creasote lotion, 182. Mer- curial lotion, 233. Mercurial liniment, 235. Black wash, 244. Chaps. Glycerin, 233. Anodyne ointment, 299. Liniment carbonate potass., 332. Cold cream, 352. Ointment elder leaves, 359. Camphor soap, 360. Chilblains. Muriatic acid lotion, 74. Sulphuric acid liniment, 76. Alum oint- ment, 90. Solution chloride lime, 134. Camphor ointment, 140. Compound ointment creasote, 183. Ointment henbane, 249. Lotion iodine, 251. Liniment balsam Peru, 285. Turpentine lotion, 292. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Soap iodide potass., 323. Lotion carbonate potass., 332. Liniment pellitory, 340. Rose oil, 352. Mustard liniment, 378. Borax ointment, 381. Chlorosis. Pills aloes and iron, 82. De Ilaen's pills, 97. Metallic iron, 200. Compound powder metallic iron, 200. Pills metallic iron, 200. Bolus ammoniated iron, 201. Pills carbonate iron, 203. Tincture chloride iron, 204. Bath iodide iron, 208. Black oxide iron, 210. Electuary black oxide iron, 210. Sulphate iron, 211. Bland's pills, 211. Syrup sulphate iron, 212. Tartrate of iron and potass., 212. Taunatc iron, 213. Compound galbanum pills, 217. Oxide man- ganese, 273. Chocolate with paullinia, 307. Compound rhubarb pills, 349. Decoction madder, 354. Compound powder valerian, 405. Cholera. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Liniment nitric acid, 74. Compound bismuth powder, 130. Camphor powder, 138. Extract hemp, 141. Infusion logwood, 228. Sugar milk draught, 261. Opium and acetate lead, 297. Compound pill acetate lead, 314. Mixture bicarbonate potass., 334. Compound powder chloride potass., 334. Plaster sulphate quinine, 347. Cholera Infantum. Milk and suet, 261. Acetate lead, 313. Infusion Benne, 377. Chorea. Ammoniated copper, 186. Carbonate iron, 202. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 289. Mixture cyanide potass., 320. Oxide zinc, 410. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 411. Colic. Alkaline tincture wormwood, 04. Aniseed, 103. Dewees' carminative, 118, 270. Clyster assafetida, 118. Infusion caraway, 148. Embrocation cara- way, 149. Clove plaster, 149. Infusion catnep, 152. Infusion cinnamon, 167. Infusion fennel, 215. Oil pennyroyal, 229. Oil laurel, 267. Mace, 269. Dalby's carminative, 270. Plaster opium and camphor, 298. Opium liniment, :i<>:;. Cataplasm black pepper, 310. Emulsion carbonate potass., 332. Tinct. rhubarb and gentian, 350. Compound sagapenum pills, 357. Tercbinthinate balsam sulphur, 394. Infusion tobacco, 396. Clyster turpentine, 399. Turpen- tine mixture, 400. Colica Pictonum. Sulphuretted water, 73. Sulphuric acid lemonade, 76. Alum julep, 89. Alum mixture, 90. Liniment belladonna, 128. Opium and sulphur, 290. Opium and cinnamon water, 300. 32 498 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Condylomata. Lotion corrosive sublimate and camphor, 238. Eed oxide mercury, 244. Constipation. Acetic acid clyster, 68. Preparations aloes, 82. Assafetida and aloes, 82. Pills elaterium, 194. Extract butternut, 257. Compound pills buck- bean, 278. Compound rhubarb pills, 349. Rhubarb and ox gall, 349. Com- pound solution sulphate of soda, 384. Rochelle salts, 385. Compound powder sulphur, 393. Clyster turpentine, 399. Contusions. Sulph. acid and alcohol, 76. Lotion sal ammoniac, 95. Liniment sal ammoniac, 95. Arnica and rue, 113. Lotion sulphate copper, 188. Cata- plasm hops, 232. Arquebusade water, 298. Compound spirit nutmeg, 285. Fomentation carbonate potass., 332. Lotion nitrate potass., 336. Wine of roses, 353. Aromatic fomentation, 353. Aromatic vinegar, 353. Fomentation common salt, 378. Turpentine liniment, 399. Convulsions. Garlic, 81. Assafetida mixture, 117. Musk clyster, 284. Cornea, Affections of. Anemone, 102. Ointment cyanide silver, 110. Oint- ment iodide silver, 111. Ointment sulphate cadmium, 133. Powder calomel and sugar, 239. Compound oiut. cod liver oil, 290. Collyrium caustic potass., 329. Collyrium carbonate potass., 332. Corns. Plaster ammonia, 91. Verdigris ointment, 186. Verdigris plaster, 186. Lotion iodine, 251. Corrosive Sublimate, Antidote. Powder gold and iron, 120. Coryza. Lozenges cubebs, 184. Injection opium, 297. Cough. Mixture gum Arabic, 65. Almond emulsion, 100. Green linctus, 100. White linctus, 101. Antimonial wine and ammoniac, 109. Assafetida and squill, 117. Camphorated cough mixture, 141. Tincture cochineal, 169. Mixture quince seeds, 189. Barley sugar, 231. Lactucarium, 262. Brown cough mix- ture, 303. Opiate linctus, 303. Pectoral syrup, 306. Mixture oil amber, 392. Mixture tolu and belladonna, 401. Oxide zinc, 410. Cramp in the Stomach. Ammoniated tincture of castor, 151. Ferrocyanide zinc, 412. Croup. Sulphuretted syrup, 95. Sulphate copper, 187. Syrup sulphuret potass., 327. Compound syrup sulphuret potass., 327. Mixture sulphuret potass., 328. Compound syrup squill, 368. Oxymel squill and valerian, 369. Mixture seneka, 372. Cataplasm tobacco, 396. Cutaneous Diseases. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 72. Muriatic acid bath, 74. Lotion alum, 89. Arseniate ammonia, 92. Hydriodate ammonia, 94. Sulphur- etted hydrosulphate ammonia, 95. Sulphuret antimony, 105. Lotion tartar emetic, 108. Iodide arsenic, 113. Donovan's solution, 114. Chloride barium, 123. Solution bromine, 130. Lime ointment, 136. Anthracokali, 146. Oint- ment iodide carbon, 147. Creasote ointment, 182. Decoction bittersweet, 193. Extract bittersweet, 194. Mixture soot, 216. Fuligokali, 216. Decoction guaiacum, 226. Guaiacum and sulphur, 227. Compound mercurial powder, 233. Solution acetate mercury, 236. Ointment white precipitate, 236. Batcman's lotion, 238. Plummer's pill, 240. Calomel ointment, 241. Ointment red iodide mercury, 243. Ointment nitrate mercury, 243. Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Bed sulphuret mercury, 246. Muriate manga- nese, 273. Compound decoction mezereon, 279. Cod liver oil, 290. Phosphorated cerate, 309. Pills Burgundy pitch, 312. Tar water, 312. Lotion cyanide potass., 321. Ointment iodide potassa and mercury, 323. Ioduretted water, 323. Sul- phuret potassa, 326. Lotion sulphuret potass., 329. Barlow's lotion, 327. Mix- ture sulphuret potass., 328. Aromatic bath, 353. Extract elder berries, 359. Sarsaparilla, 362-5. Ointment bromide soda, 379. Sulphuret soda, 379. Ar- seniate soda, 380. Soda and ipecacuanha, 381. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. Hydrosulphate soda, 383. Compound pills sulphuret soda, 384. Lotion sulphuret soda, 385. Sulphur and cremor tartar, 393. Poison oak, 402. Decoction elm bark ; 403. Decoction white hellebore, 408. Iodide zinc, 412. INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 499 Deafness. Cayenne pepper lozenges, 145. Acoustic balsam, 285. Injection caustic potass., 329. Debility. Preparations cacao, 132. Camphor mixture, 139. Hartshorn jelly, 180. Preparations iron, 200. Barley meal, 231. Clyster eggs, 305. Mixture eggs, Chocolate and Paullinia, 306. Delirium Tremens. Opium and musk, 296. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 304. Diabetes. Phosphoric acid, 75. Hydrosulphate ammonia, 94. Compound pilh ammoniated copper, 187. Compound pills kino, 259. Pills acetate morphia, 281. Carbonate potass, and ammonia, 334. Sulphur mixture, 394. Diarrhoea. Tannic acid, 76. Acetate alumine, 87. Alum, 87-8. Angustura,, 103. Mixture chamomile, 104. Antimonial wine and laudanum, 109. Arnica, 112. Dewees' carminative, 118, 270. Clyster bistort., 130. Compound powder chalk, 136. Lozenges chalk, 136. Chalk mixture, 137. Camphor water and laudanum, 139. Camphor water and nitric acid, 139. Compound cascarilla pow- der, 150. Catechu, 152. Chlorine clyster, 159. Peruvian bark and rhatany, 163. Electuary Peruvian bark, 164. Infusion columbo and ginger, 174. Columbo and cascarilla, 174. Creasote mixture, 182. Sulphate copper, 187. Electuary sul- phate copper, 188. Wine persimmons, 193. Infusion black purslane, 195. Mix- ture ammoniated iron, 201. Persesquinitrate iron, 209. Compound infusion galls, 218. Syrup galls, 218. G-eranium, 222. Decoction pomegranate rind, 225. Infusion logwood, 228. Electuary logwood, 228. Compound powder kino, 258. Electuary kino, 259. Compound powder rhatany, 259. Monesia, 279. Injection acetate morphia, 281. Opium and chalk, 296. Koasted opium, 296. Plaster opium and camphor, 298. Mixture wine of opium, 301. Sedative mixture, 306. Bolus allspice, 309. Acetate lead, 313. Acetate lead mixture, 315. Decoction oak bark, 342. Confection acorns, 342. Boasted rhubarb, 348. Bhubarb mix- ture, 357. Confection dog rose, 352. Electuary roses, 353. Decoction black- berry root, 354. Infusion benne, 377. Hardhack, 386. Compound turpentine plaster, 400. Tormentil, 401. Infusion slippery elm, 403. Disinfection. Prophylactic vinegar, 68. G-aseous muriatic acid, 73. Chloride of lime, 134. Chlorine, 158. Solution chloride potass., 320. Solution chloride soda, 383. Dropsy. Indian hemp, 109. Infusion horseradish, 112. Compound spirit horse- radish, 112. Decoction asparagus, 116. Extract asparagus, 116. Chloride gold and soda, 121. Hairy horehound, 124. Wine bryony, 131. Camphorated ethereaL tincture cantharides, 143. Vinegar cayenne pepper, 145. Infusion carrot seeds, 148. Celandine, 157. Pipsissewa, 157. Black snakeroot, 160. Vinegar col- chicum, 171. Colchicum and squill, 172. Horsebalm, 172. Colocynth, 172. Powdered foxglove, 190. Pills foxglove, 191. Infusion foxglove, 191. Elaterium, 194. Canada fleabane, 197. Gamboge, 219. Black hellebore, 229. Bacher's pills, 230. Compound wine black hellebore, 230. Jalap and cremor tartar, 256. Compound powder jalap, 256. Compound infusion juniper, 257. Preparations juniper, 257. Mustard whey, 201. Aromatic tincture lettuce, 263. Starkey's soap, 293, 360. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Mixture petroleum, 308. Infu- sion parsley root, 308. Solution hydriodate potass., 325. Scillitic acetate potass., 329. Liquid acetate potass., 330. Mixture acetate potass., 330. Borotartrate potass., 331. Nitrate potass, and squill, 335. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Cremor tartar, 338. Tartrate potass, and ammonia, 339. Decoction elder bark, 359. Confection scammony, 366. Squill, 366-71. Squill and nitrate potass., 367. Squill and cremor tartar, 307. Infusion and decoction broom, 371. Ace- tate soda, 379. Solution carbonate soda, 382. Pills tobacco, 396. Wine tobacco, 396. Decoction dandelion, 398. Extract dandelion, 398. Electuary turpentine, 399. Veratria, 407. Dropsy, Ovarian. Ointment iodine and mercury, 252. Solution iodide potass., 321. Dysentery. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Starch jelly, 102. Starch and suet, 102. Angustura, 103. Clyster bistort, 130. Camphor water and laudanum, 139. 500 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Camphor water and nitric acid, 139. Electuary catechu, 183. Infusion black purslane, 198. Mixture extract logwood, 225. Calomel and opium, 239. De- coction ipecacuanha, 254. Mixture ipecacuanha, 251. Emulsion jalap, 257. Electuary kino, 259. Mixture rhatany, 2G0. Milk and suet, 261. Mixture cherry laurel, 264. Injection morphia, 280. Nux vomica, 288. Mixture mix vomica and aloes, 289. Oleaginous mixture, 291. Opium and acetate lead, 297. Opiate, 298. Plaster opium and camphor, 298. Opium and syrup poppies, 300. Confection dogrose, 352. Syrup blackberries, 355. Compound powder sulphur, 393. Infusion slippery-elm, 403. Compound pills sulphate zinc, 414. Dysmenorrhea. Infusion Southern wood, 114. Compound pills ergot, 197. Clys- ter iodine, 252. Dyspepsia. Wormwood, 64. Aloes pills, 82-84. Aniseed, 103. Orange peel and rhubarb, 119. Cayenne pepper pills, 145. Infusion cinnamon, 167. Pow- der coriander, 180. Pill prepared metallic iron, 200. Mixture malate iron, 209. Nitrate iron, 209. Mixture soot, 216. Infusion gentian and rhubarb, 221. Mix- ture gentian and sulphuric acid, 221. Masterwort, 231. Infusion hops, 232. Mercury, chalk, and ipecacuanha, 233. Bolus ipecacuanha, 253. Ipecacuanha and centaury, 254. Puce jelly, 305. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 325. Sulphate potass, and rhubarb, 337. Rhubarb pills, 349. Soda and rhubarb, 381. Mixture carbonate soda and quassia, 382. Compound turpentine plaster, 400. Oxide zinc and columbo, 410. Dyspnoea. Opium and castor, 297. Dystjria. Benzoic acid and copaiba, 70. Tartar emetic and phosphate lime, 107. Infusion fieabane, 197. Pills nitrate potass., 335. Mixture tobacco, 396. Ear, Affections of. Injection morphia, 280. Acoustic balsam, 285. Antiotitic mixture, 299. Opium liniment, 303. Ecchymosis. Juniper liniment, 258. Lotion nitrate potass., 336. Elephantiasis. Mudar, 138. Enlargements, Glandular. Ointment animal charcoal, 146. Engorgements, Visceral. Pills black oxide iron, 212. Electuary black oxide iron, 212. Calomel and dandelion, 240. Calomel and squill, 240. Sulphate mercury, 246. Compound powder rhubarb, 348. Tartrate soda and rhubarb, 385. Mixture tartrate soda, 385. Tartrate soda whey, 385. Compound infusion dan- * delion, 398. Epilepsy. Nitrate silver, 111. Belladonna, 126. Oil box, 131. Electuary Pe- ruvian bark, 164. Muriate copper, 186. Ammoniated copper, 186. Ammo- niated copper and belladonna, 187. Compound pills sulphate copper, 188. Ammoniated iron, 201. Prussian blue, 205. Wine galium, 218. Masterwort, 231. Calomel and opium, 241. Indigo, 250. Opium and nitrate silver, 297. Tincture opium and asarabacca, 302. Phosphuretted oil, 308. Mixture biniodide potass., 324. Compound powder valerian, 404. Oxide zinc, 410. Compound pills oxide zinc, 410. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 411. Compound pills sul- phate zinc, 414. Epistaxis. Alum, 88-9. Sulphate copper styptic, 188. Injection sulphate iron, 211. Excoriation. Cold cream, 155, 352. Carbonate lead ointment, 316. Plaster carbonate lead, 316. Ointment tannate lead, 318. Rose oil, 352. Camphor soap, 360. Ointment oxide zinc, 411. Cerate carbonate zinc, 413. Exanthemata. Compound mercurial powder, 233. Sulphuret magnesia, 272. Mixture Vii'ginia snakeroot and allspice, 376. Compound infusion elm bark, 403. Eye, Affections of. Atropia, 118. Camphor ointment, 140. Camphor collyrium, 141. Pace, Eruptions on, Blotches, &c. Wash sal ammoniac, 96. Almond paste, INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 501 98. Almond powder, 99. Compound almond lotion, 99. Milk roses, 99, 100, 129. Goulard's lotion, 100. Cosmetic liniment, 101. Water anemone, 102. Wash of benzoin, 129. Emulsion benzoin, 129. Spermaceti liniment, 155. Sultana ointment, 155. Emulsion corrosive sublimate, 237. Cosmetic wash, 238. Lotion carbonate potass., 332. Beef marrow soap, 360. Aromatic soap, 360. Cosmetic soap powder, 361. Essence of soap, 361. Fainting. Aromatic vinegar, 68. Aromatic carbonate of ammonia, 92. Fever. Vinegar mixture, 67. Syrup vinegar, 67. Acetate ammonia, 91. Citrate ammonia, 94. Nitrate ammonia, 96. Tartar emetic, 107. Mixture extract cen- taury, 154. Boneset, 198. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 201. Mixture avens, 223. Calomel and jalap, 239. Calomel and nitrate potass., 239. Ipecacu- anha and tragacanth, 283. Infusion malt, 272. Citrate potass., 324. Nitrate potass., 335. Nitrous powders, 335. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Mixture sul- phate potass., 337. Fever, Hectic. Compound infusion boneset, 198. G-oelis' powder, 284. Com- pound powder sulphate quinine, 345. Compound infusion sage, 359. Fever, Intermittent. Fills arsenic and opium, 70. Lockstadt's pills, 101. Golden sulphuret antimony, 106. Tartar emetic and quinine, 107. Electuary orange peel, 119. Bebeerinine, 126. Camphor water and ether, 139. Cetrarine, 156. Preparations Peruvian bark, 160-66. Cinchonia, 166. Decoction coffee, 170. Dogwood, 180. Pills sulphate copper, 187. Sulphate copper and opium, 188. Persimmon, 193. Compound powder Prussian blue, 205. Horse chestnut, 247. Tulip tree bark, 267. Magnolia, 272. Narcotina, 288. Phloridzine, 308. Phosphorated oil turpentine, 309. Piperine, 311. Mixture acetate potass., 330. Arsenical solution, 330. Arseniate potass., 330. Mixture citrate potass, and bark, 335. Oxalate potass., 336. Quassia, 341. Oak bark, 341. Quinine and salts, 242-47. Salicine, 358. Willow bark, 358. Virginia snakeroot, 376. Common salt and lemon juice, 319. Arseniate soda, 380. Solution chloride soda, 383. Fever, Typhus. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Wild indigo, 124. Clyster camphor, 140. Liniment can tharides, 143. Tincture cayenne pepper, 145. Musk mixture, 283. Turpentine mixture, 292. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 303. Egg and brandy mixture, 305. Egg and wine mixture, 305. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 376. Wine Virginia snakeroot and vanilla, 376. Tincture Virginia snakeroot and balsam Peru, 376. Mustard whey, 377. Fissures, Anus. Ointment acetate lead, 314. FiSTULiE. Injections copaiba, 178. Injection corrosive sublimate, 238. Injection myrrh, 287. Injection iodide potass., 321. Injection iodine, 324. Compound lotion iodide potass., 324. Flatulence. Ammoniated alcohol, 94. Tincture angelica, 103. Aniseed, 103. Chamomile pills, 104. Tincture assafeticla and soot, 118. Assafetida plaster, 118. Elixir orange peel, 119. Tincture benzoin, 129. Calamus, 133. Aromatic powder and confection, 147. Compound tincture cardamom, 148. Spirit caraway, 1-19. Preparations cloves, 149. Cinnamon, 167. Coriander, 180. Magnesia :nd camphor, 270. Peppermint, 277. Nutmeg, 284. Confection opium, 298. ^Vater allspice, 309. Electuary black pepper, 310. Compound tincture sassafras, •'!*'> 1 . Purgative pastilles, 366. Mixture carbonate soda and gentian, 382. Com- pound turpentine plaster, 400. Gingei-, 415. FgETOR Oris. Mixture nitric acid, 94. Alum, 88. Lozenges chloride of lime, 131. Charcoal lozenges, 140. Lozenges catechu, 153. Pastilles catechu, 153. V\\" it, Effects of. Bust's ointment, 90. Oil elatcrium, 195. Compound ointment henbane, 249. Embrocation petroleum, 307. FUNGOUS FLESH. Burnt alum, 87. Chloride antimony, 105. Lotion orpiment, 114. Verdigris and savine, 185. Verdigris ointment, 186. Ganglionic System, Diseases of. Pills Prussian blue, 200. 502 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Gangrene. Compound camphor pills, 138. Peruvian bark and arnica, 161. Cata- plasm Peruvian bark, 166. Anodyne ointment, 299. Cataplasm oak bark, 342. Gastralgia. Mixture aconite, 78. Subnitrate bismuth, 129. Syrup codeia, 169. Gastrodynia. Oxide silver, 111. Compound bismuth powder, 129. Compound tincture cinnamon, 168. Oil of ergot, 197. Mercurial mixture, 274. Glands Enlarged. Plaster ammoniac with mercury, 98. Cataplasm bryony, 131. Ointment chloride lime, 134. Animal charcoal, 145. Hemlock and dandelion, 175. Plaster foxglove, 191. Ointment iodide iron, 208. Compound galbanum plaster, 217. Compound mercurial liniment, 235. Ointment iodide mercury, 243. Red sulphuret mercury, 246. Liniment henbane, 249. Ethereal tincture iodine, 251. Mixture iodine and iodide potass., 231. Sulphuret potass., 326. Compound plaster sulphuret potass., 328. Burnt sponge, 387. Gleet. Tannic acid, 76. Tincture cantharides and guaiacum, 142. Cubebs and ergot, 183. Compound powder ergot, 196. Pills guaiacum and turpentine, 227, 399. Injection chloride zinc, 411. Glottis, Spasm op. Cataplasm tobacco, 396. Goitre. Solution chloride calcium, 133. Animal charcoal, 145. Iodine ointment, 252. Cataplasm iodine, 252. Iodide potass., 321. Ointment iodide potass., 322. Liniment iodide potass., 323. Sulphuret potass., 326. Burnt sponge, 387. Gonorrhoea. Alumine, 87. Alum, 89. Nitrate silver, 112. Assafetida and opium, 117. Oil box, 131. Pills chloride calcium, 134. Emulsion hemp, 141. Compound bolus catechu, 152. Electuary catechu, 153. Wine Peruvian bark and calamus, 166. Copaiba and its preparations, 177-8. Cubebs, 183-4. In- jection ammoniated copper, 187. Injection sulphate copper, 188. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 201. Injection iodide iron, 208. Pills sulphate iron, 211. Tincture galls, 218. Oil guaiacum, 227. Injection corrosive sublimate, 238. Calomel and catechu, 240. Saturated tincture iodine, 251. Injection opium, 299. Sedative injection, 306. Oil parsley, 308. Acetate lead mixture, 315. Injection sulphuret potass., 327. Injection caustic potass., 329. Pills nitrate potass, and camphor, 335. Nitrated emulsion, 336. Starkey's soap, 360. Tur- pentine and rhubarb, 399. Turpentine mixture, 400. Injection acetate zinc, 413. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 414. Injection sulphate zinc, 414. Gout. Aconite, 77. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Phos- phate ammonia, 96. Ammoniacal succinic acid, 97. Golden sulphuret antimony, 106. Sulphuret calcium, 135. Camphorated ether, 140. Portland powder, 154. Pills pipsissewa, 158. Colchicum, 170, 171. Wine hedge hyssop, 226. Pills guaiacum and sulphur, 227. Ammoniacal tincture guaiacum, 228. Magnesia and colchicum, 270. Confection opium, 298. Phosphorated oil, 308. Mixture caustic potass., 329. Solution silicate potass., 337. Warner's cordial, 350-1. Extract elder berries, 359. Pills soap and ox gall, 361. Conserve broom, 369. Compound tincture senna, 374. Liniment sulphuret carbon, 395. Turpentine mixture, 400. Veratria, 407. Wine white hellebore, 418. Gravel. Mixture Prussian blue, 206. Carbonate potass, and ammonia, 334. Gums, Affections of. Boracic acid, 70. Alumine, 87. Electuary alum, 88. Gargle alum, 89. Collutory catechu, 153. Collutory creasote, 182. Gargle sul- phate zinc, 414. Headache. Mixture vinegar and cardamom, 67. Lotion ammonia, 91. Car- bonate ammonia, 93. Vicat's mixture, 94. Ward's essence, 140. Castor plaster, 151. Sneezewort, 229. Mixture valerian and ammonia, 405. Valerianate zinc, 415. Hematemesis. Pills acetate lead, 313. Hemoptysis. Powder starch, 101. Carrageen mixture, 160. Electuary Peruvian bark and catechu, 104. Creasote mixture, 181. Bolus foxglove, 190. Mixture tincture foxglove, 191. Sedative mixture, 311. Compound pills acetate lead, 314. Tolu mixture, 401. Mixture uva ursi, 404. INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 503 Hemorrhages. Alum, 87, 88. Alum whey, 89. Bistort, 130. Alum and cate- chu, 152. Sulphate copper, 187. Compound powder ergot, 196. Extract ergot, 197. Chloride iron and acetate lead, 204. Tincture chloride iron, 204. Solution sulphate iron, 211. Compound powder galls, 218. Avens, 222. Compound powder kino, 259. Mixture rhatany, 260. Alum whey, 261. Matico, 275. Roasted opium, 296. Opium and acetate lead, 313. Compound pills acetate lead, 314. Acetate lead, 313. Mixture bistort, 319. Powder sulphate soda and opium, 384. Hemorrhoids. Aloetic mixture, 85. Alum ointment, 90. Lime. ointment, 136. Charcoal suppository, 146. Extract Peruvian bark, 166. Hemlock oil, 176. Suppository hemlock, 176. Saffron ointment, 183. Oil elaterium, 195. Oint- ment galls, 219. Compound gall ointment, 219. Witch hazel, 229. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 235, Ointment red oxide mercury and tin, 245. Oint- ment henbane, 249. Electuary jalap, 256. Ointment matico, 276. Injection morphia, 280. Anodyne ointment, 299. Ointment opium and tar, 299. Lau- danum ointment, 303. Confection black pepper, 310. "Ward's paste, 310. Pile ointment, 314. Lead ointment, 317. Mixture tartrate potass., 338. Mixture bitartrate potass., 339. Ointment figwort, 371. Electuary senna and sulphur, 373. Ointment tin, 387. Ointment stramonium, 389. Sulphur electuary, 393. Fo- mentation sulphate zinc, 414. Hair, Loss of, &c. Garlic, 81. Almond cream, 100. Macassar oil, 101. Fixa- ture, 101, 292. Hair dye, 111. Compound tincture cantharides, 142. Pomatum cantharides, 144. Shampoo liquid, 144. Pomatum Peruvian bark, 165. Bando- line, 189. Lotion galls, 218. Compound ointment balsam Peru, 286. Hair, To Remove. Orpiment and Powder orpiment, 114. Heart, Affections of. Syrup asparagus, 116. Bromine, 130. Foxglove and acetate lead, 191. Digitalin, 192. Mixture iodide potass., 322. Hemicrania. Compound powder valerian, 405. Electuary valerian, 405. Hemiplegia. Pills poison oak, 402. Hepatitis. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Bath nitromuriatic acid, 75. Compound mercurial pill, 234. Chlorate potass., 334. Dandelion, 398. Hernia. Clyster belladonna, 128. Infusion tobacco, 396. Herpes. Chlorine liniment, 159. Arseniate iron, 201. Ointment carburet iron, 204. Decoction soot, 215. Ointment black hellebore, 230. Liniment acetate mercury, 230. Compound calomel pill, 240. Calomel ointment, 241. Ointment red oxide mercury and lead, 245. Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. Red sul- phuret mercury, 247. Ointment red sulphuret mercury, 247. Lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Hiccough. Ammoniated alcohol, 94. Assafetida, 111. HoopiNG-CouGn. Succinated ammonia, 96. Extract anemone, 102. Kcrmes' mineral, 106. Antimonial wine and bittersweet, 109. Assafetida mixture, 117. Assafetida and tolu, 117. Assafetida plaster, 118. Belladonna, 126-7. Fumi- gating powder, 128. Emulsion cantharides, 142. Tincture bark and cantharides, 165. Syrup Peruvian bark, 106. Cochineal and carbonate potass., 169. Con- fection ipecacuanha, 254. Mixture ipecacuanha, 254. Compound syrup ipecacu- anha, 255. Alkaline wine ipecacuanha, 255. Syrup sulphuret magnesia, 272. Myrrh and zinc, 304. Lettsom's elixir, 303. Mixture carbonate potass., 333. Compound syrup squill, 308. Carbonate soda and ipecacuanha, 382. Tincture artificial musk, 391. Liniment oil of amber, 392. Compound powder tobacco, 396. Mixture balsam tolu and copaiba, 401. Sulphate zinc, 414. Mixture sul- phate zinc, 415. Hydrophobia. Extract hemp, 141. Tonquin powder, 282. HYDROCEPHALUS. Powder foxglove, 190. Calomel and foxglove, 239. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 323. Hydrothorax. Tincture colchicum and foxglove, 171. Mixture colocynth ; 173. 504 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Pills foxglove, 190. Mixture elaterium, 194. Gamboge mixture, 219. Extract lettuce, 203. Mixture tobacco, 396. Hypochondria. xVssafetida, 117. Mixture lettuce and dandelion, 262. Hypopion. Pills scneka, 371. Hysteria. Mixture acetic etber, 79. Carbonate ammonia, 93. Succinate ammonia, 97. Mixture chamomile, 104. Infusion Southern wood, 114. Assafetida and iron, 117. Assafetida mixture, 117. Alkaline tincture assafetida, 117. Tincture assafetida and soot, 118. Assafetida and castor, 118. Bolus castor, 151. Castor pills, 151. Skunk cabbage, 193. Soot pills, 215. Compound galbanum pills, 217. Mixture lacfcucarium, 202. Musk, 283. Pills opium and musk, 297. Tincture opium and asarabacca, 302. Mixture rue and squills, 355. Liniment oil of amber, 392. Compound powder valerian, 405. Vanilla, 407. Valerianate zinc, 415. Ileus. Hemlock oil, 176. Impetigo. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 72. Glycerine, 223. Compound powder sulphur, 393. Powder iodide sulphur, 395. Ointment oxide zinc and opium, 411. Indurations. Pills calomel and antimony, 240. Iritis. Turpentine mixture, 292. Ischuria. Assafetida and opium, 117. Itch. Sulphuric acid ointment, 76. Lime water and sulphur, 135. Lime ointment, 136. Chlorine ointment, 159. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 237. Ointment red oxide mercury and sulphur, 245. Tincture sulphuret potass., 327. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Ointment carbonate potass., 333. Soap and sul- phur, 362. Lotion sulphuret iodine, 379. Decoction stavesacre, 388. Compound powder sulphur, 393. Sulphur ointment, 394. Compound sulphur ointment, 394. Ointment white hellebore, 409. Jaundice. Barberry, 129. Compound wine centaury, 184. Joints, Affections of. Pipsissewa beer, 158. Compound decoction guaiacum, 220. Pills guaiacum and antimony, 227. Ointment calomel and scoiills, 241. Oil laurel, 263. Kidneys, Affections of. Emulsion manna, 273. Emulsion carbonate soda, 382. Ointment turpentine, 399. Labor. Contrayerva mixture, 177. Ergot and its preparations, 196-7. Decoc- tion cotton root, 224. Compound powder borax, 380. Laryngitis. Creasote pills, 181. Liniment croton oil, 294. Plaster croton oil, 295. Leucorrhcea. Injection gallic acid, 71. Tannic acid, 70. Whytt's pills, 84. Alum, 88. Electuary catechu, 153. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 161. Wine Peruvian bark and calamus, 166. Cubebs and ergot, 183. Compound powder ergot, 196. Infusion black purslane, 198. Compound pills carbonate iron, 203. Lozenges iodide iron, 206. Bath iodide iron, 208. Ointment iodide iron, 208. Black oxide iron, 210. Electuary black oxide iron, 211. Sulphate iron, 211. Syrup sulphate iron, 212. Solution tartrate iron and potass., 212. Injection soot, 216. Tincture galls, 218. Avens, 222. Compound powder guaiacum, 227. Calomel and catechu, 240. Saturated tincture iodine, 251. Injection rhatany, 260. Injection subacetate lead, 314. Iodide potass., 321. Decoction oak bark, 342. Pills turpentine and guaiacum, 399. Lepra. Pills arsenic and opium, 70. Iodide arsenic, 113. Donovan's solution, 114. Barytic liniment, 126. Mudar, 138. Chlorine oil, 159. Mixture tincture colocynth, 173. Carburet iron, 203. Ethereal solution bromide mercury, 276. Oint. naphthaline, 287. INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 505 Lichen. Carburet iron, 203. Ointment glycerine, 223. Ointment calomel and camphor, 241. Ointment cyanide mercnry, 242. Lips, Excoriation of. Spermaceti lip salve, 155. Liver, Affections of. Muriatic acid pecliluvium, 74. Terebinthinated ether, 81. Ointment tartar emetic, 108. Belladonna, 127. Blue pill and jalap, 234. Blue pill and quinine, 234. Compound mercurial pill, 234. Compound cathartic pills, 240. Calomel and jalap, 256. Tartrate of potass, and rhubarb, 338. Mixture tartrate potass., 338. Lumsago. Camphor ointment, 140. Spirit turpentine mixture, 292. Lungs, Affections of. Syrup chamomile, 104. Tartar emetic, 107. Tartar emetic and opium, 107. Lotion tartar emetic, 108. Ointment tartar emetic, 108. Syrup antimonial wine, 109. Fig coffee, 214. Syrup asparagus, 116. Compound tincture benzoin, 129. Compound pills henbane, 248. Ipecacuanha and antimony, 253. Myrrh and ipecacuanha, 286. Naphthaline, 287. Tar water, 312. Solu- tion cyanide potass., 320. Decoction and syrup seneka, 372. Storax, 389. Bal- sam tolu, 400. Colt's foot, 403. Mammae, Affections of. Ointment carbonate ammonia, 93. Fomentation sal- ammoniac, 95. Cataplasm sal-ammoniac, 95. Lime water and oil, 135. Oint- ment turpentine, 399. Ointment oxide zinc and lycopodium, 411. Mania. Compound pills columbo, 173. Pills foxglove, 193. Marasmus. Jelly orange leaves, 119. Measles. Infusion safflower, 148. Spermaceti mixture, 155. Menorrhagia. Pills gallic acid, 71. Pills tannic acid and opium, 76. Alum, 88. Compound bolus catechu, 152. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 161. Mixture ex- tract ergot, 197. Infusion black purslane, 198. Pills ammoniated iron, 201, Injection sulphate iron, 211. Aromatic alum whey, 261. Mercurial Disease. Mixture sulphuret potass., 328. Sulphur mixture, 394. Milk, To Increase Secretion of. Compound powder fennel, 215. Milk, To Retard Secretion of. Bolus acetate potass., 329. Pills acetate soda, 379. Mouth, Affections of. Vinegar gargle, 67. Muriatic acid gargle, 74. Collutory nitric acid, 74. Alum, 89. Chlorine gargle, 158. Collutory balsam Peru, 285. Collutory carbonate potass., 332. Mollities Ossium. Phosphate lime, 137. 3Iuscles, Eigidity of. Ointment iodine and oil tobacco, 252. • Nausea. Clove cataplasm, 149. Clove bag, 149. Pennyroyal, 229. Compound infusion mint, 278. Aromatic plaster, 311. Mixture carbonate potass., 332. Nephritis. Compound decoction oatmeal, 123. Infusion carrot seed, 148. Neuralgia. Aconite plaster, 77, 78. Plaster belladonna, 128. Oil benzoin, 129. Emulsion cantharides, 142. Bolus castor, 151. Liniment chloroform, 159. Tinc- ture colchicum, 170. Colchicum and camphor, 172. Crcasote pills, 181. Car- bonate iron, 202. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 228. Calomel and opium, 240. Compound pills henbane, 248. Lotion cherry laurel, 264. Sulphate morphia, 282. Turpentine mixture, 292. Opiated turpentine liniment, 293. Carbonate lead ointment, 316. Lotion chloride lead, 316. Lotion cyanide potass., 320. Oint- ment cyanide potass., 321. Solution chloride potass., 334. Extract cevadilla, 355. Extract tobacco, 396. Ointment tobacco, 396. Vcratria, 407. Valerian- ate zinc, 411. Nervous Disorders. Camphor and musk, 138. Camphor water and Hoffmann's "iync, 139. Peruvian bark and valerian, 101. Pills ammoniated iron, 201. Infusion hops, 232. Compound powder henbane, 248. Musk, 283. Wild cherry bark, 340. Compound pills sulphate quinine, 346. Oxide zinc, 410. Cyanide zinc, 412. Ferrocyanide zinc ; 412. 506 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Nipples, Excoriated. Oil elaterium, 195. Glycerine, 223. Manimillary lotion, 285. Opium and lime water, 800. Nodes, Venereal. Mercurial plaster, 235. Nux Vomica, Poisoning by. Sulphuric ether and turpentine, 81. Nyctalopia. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 239. (Edema. Fomentation arnica, 113. Onychia. Corrosive sublimate and zinc, 237. Red oxide mercury, 244. Ophthalmia. Alum collyrium, 88. Alum curd, 88. Acetate ammonia, 92. An- timonial wine, 108. Nitrate silver, 111. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chloride gold, 121. Chloride barium, 125. Sulphate cadmium, 133. Verdigris and alum, 185. Verdigris ointment, 186. Collyrium sulphate copper, 188. Decoction quince-seeds, 189. Eyebright, 199. Ointment Prussian blue, 206. Ointment red oxide and zinc, 245. Yellow root, 248. Wine opium, 301. Collyrium ace- tate lead, 314. Collyrium subacetate lead, 314. Ointment subacetate lead, 315. Collyrium biniodide potass., 324. Compound lotion iodide potass., 324. Colly- rium caustic potass., 329. Ointment oxide zinc, 411. Ointment oxide of zinc and calomel, 411. Mixture ferrocyanide zinc, 412. Collyrium acetate zinc, 413. Col- lyrium sulphate zinc, 414. Ophthalmia, Gonorrheal. Mercurial lotion, 234. Opium, Poisoning by. Vinegar coffee, 70. Orchitis. Mixture chloride barium, 125. Oz.ena. Angelica, 103. Chloride lime, 134. Mercurial gargle, 233. Compound powder sulphate mercury, 245. Palpitation. Syrup asparagus, 116. Powder foxglove, 190. Wild cherry bark, 340. Pannus. Compound powder seneka, 371. Pills seneka, 371. Paralysis. Infusion horseradish, 112. Extract arnica, 113. Assafetida, 116. Brucine, 131. Nitrate camphor, 141. Cantharides and Cayenne pepper, 142. Nux vomica, 288. Tincture nux vomica, 288-9. Pills opium and nitrate silver, 297. Phosphorated oil, 308. Lotion mustard, 378. Bath common salt and arnica, 379. Strychnine, 389. Iodate strychnine, 391. Peripneumonia. Golden sulphuret antimony, 106. Powder foxglove, 190. Pills calomel and antimony, 240. Periostitis. Compound mercurial ointment, 235. Phymosis. Solution sulphate copper, 188. Phthisis. Mixture hydrocyanic acid, 72. Alum and benzoin, 88. Mixture chloride barium, 125. Belladonna, 127. Iodide calcium, 135. Iceland moss, 156. Electuary Peruvian bark and sulphur, 164. Pills creasote, 181. Pills sulphate copper, 187. Vinegar foxglove, 191. Ipecacuanha and nitrate potass., 253. Arti- ficial goat's milk, 261. Locatelli's balsam, 285. Myrrh and Canada balsam, 286. Compound extract myrrh, 286. Griffith's mixture, 287. Acetic turpentine lini- ment, 293. Compound pills acetate lead, 314. Mixture iodide potass., 322. Sul- phuret potass, and charcoal, 326. Chlorate potass., 334. Pleuritis. Mixture foxglove, 191. Cataplasm long pepper, 310. Pneumonia. Benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 70. Mixture foxglove, 191. Powder ipecacuanha and muriate ammonia, 253. Powder ipecacuanha and antimony, 253. Porrigo. Ointment nitric acid, 74. Lotion corrosive sublimate and copper, 238. Ointment calomel and acetate lead, 241. Ointment nitrate mercury and lead, 244. Ointment sulphate mercury, 246. Ointment oxide manganese, 173. Banyer's ointment, 317. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Powder iodide sulphur, 395. INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 507 Prurigo. Fomentation opium, 299. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. Powder iodide sulphur, 395. Pruritus. Lotion borax, 380. Lotion carbonate soda, 382. Lotion chloride soda, 383. Psoriasis. Arsenic and pepper pills, 69. Ointment nitric acid, 74. Ointment subnitrate bismuth, 130. Compound powder anthracokali, 147. Decoction soot, 215. Naphthaline ointment, 287. Ointment poke, 309. Tar ointment, 312. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 327. Lotion tobacco, 396. Ointment tobacco, 396. Psorophthalmia. Ointment sulphate copper, 188. Ointment red oxide mercury, 204. Ointment red oxide mercury and cinnabar, 245. Ointment common salt, 379. Compound sulphur ointment, 394. Pyrosis. Alkaline wine aloes, 85. Compound pills kino, 259. Mixture carbonate potass., 333. Eachitis. Phosphate lime, 137. Black oxide iron, 211. Phosphate magnesia, 272. Mixture cod liver oil, 290. Acorn coffee, 342. Compound powder mad- der, 354. Rectum, Diseases of. Suppository hemlock, 176. Injection copaiba, 178. Rheumatism. Aconite, 77. Aletris, 81. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Phosphate ammonia, 96. G-olden sulphuret antimony, 106. Tartar emetic and opium, 107. Plaster tartar emetic, 108. Antimonial powder, 109. Burdock, 110. Extract arnica, 113. Ointment chloride gold, 121. Sulphuret lime, 135. Nitrate cam- phor, 141. Compound tincture cantharides, 142. Plaster castor, 151. Black snakeroot, 160. Colchicum, 170-1. Tincture colchicum flowers, 171. Creasote pills, 181. Compound decoction bittersweet, 193. Compound galbanum plaster, 217. Hedge hyssop, 226. Decoction guaiacum, 226. Oil guaiacum, 227. Com- pound powder guaiacum, 227. Gruaiacum mixture, 227. G-uaiacum and bitter- sweet, 227. Tincture guaiacum, 227. Plummer's pills, 240. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Nervine balsam, 269. Magnesia and colchicum, 270. Tincture magnolia, 272. Oil of horsemint, 279. Turpentine mixture, 292. Opium and antimony, 296. Opium plaster, 298. Fomentation wine opium, 301. Opium liniment, 303. Plaster petroleum, 308. Phosphorated oil, 308. Plaster black pepper, 310. Pitch plaster, 311. Plaster subacetate lead, 315. Solution chlorate potass., 334. Plaster pellitory, 340. Tincture cevadilla, 355. Camphorated essence soap, 361. Zittman's decoction, 363. Conserve broom, 371. Pills stramonium seeds, 388. Lotion stramonium, 388. Sulphuret carbon, 395. Tur- pentine liniment, 399. Poison oak, 402. Veratria 407. Wine white hellebore, 408. Ringworm. Ointment cocculus indicus, 168. Vinegar borax, 380. Salivation. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 72. Tannic acid, 76. Gargle sulphate cop- per, 188. Pills iodine, 251. Sulphuret potass, and cremor tartar, 326. Gargle borax, 380. Scarlatina. Mixture hyponitrous ether, 80. Acetate ammonia, 92. Plaster tartar emetic, 100. Belladonna, 127-8. Cayenne pepper gargle, 145. Chlorine mixture, 159. Myrrh gargle, 287. Mixture tartrate potass., 338. Mixture cremor tartar, 339. Sciatica. Liniment succinatcd ammonia, 97. Plaster sulphuret antimony, 107. Oil turpentine and honey, 292. Oil turpentine mixture, 292. Sciitrriius. Bolus sal ammoniac, 95. Extract marigold, 137. Charcoal, 146. Hemlock, 175. Mercury and antimony, 239. Ointment mercury and bella- donna, 235. Scrofula. Hydriodate ammonia, 94. Chloride barium, 125. Iodide barium, 125. Barytes, 125. Compound cataplasm bryony, 131. Solution chloride calcium, 133. Animal charcoal, 145. Anthracokali, 146. Hemlock, 175. 508 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Koechlin's drops, 186. Mixture bittersweet, 194. Compound powder metallic iron, 200. Ammoniated iron, 201. Bromide iron, 202. Compound pills car- bonate iron, 203. Lozenges iodide iron, 207.^ Ammoniated tincture gentian, 231. Frost weed, 229. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 235. Mercury and anti- mony, 233. Iodide mercury, 242. Ointment iodide mercury, 243. Biniodide mercury, 243. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Iodine bath, 251. Mixture iodine, 252. Cod liver oil, 290. Iodide lead, 317. Ointment iodide lead, 317. Solu- tion bromide potass., 319. Ointment bromide potass., 319. Ointment iodide potass., 322. Mixture iodide potass., 322. Bath sulphm-et potass., 327. Mix- ture sulphuret potass., 328. Conserve acetate potass., 329. Acorn coffee, 342. Hydriodate quinine, 343. Decoction madder, 354. Jauperand's decoction, 363. Compound infusion sassafras, 365. Compound ointment common salt, 379. Bath common salt and gelatine, 378. Carbonate soda and chamomile, 383. Sulphur electuary, 393. Scurvy. Wood sorrel, 67. Alumine, 87. Mixture horseradish, 112. Brook lime, 126. Scurvy grass, 169. Collutory lemon juice, 265. Mixture buckbean, 278. Chlorate potass., 334. Sea Sickness. Plaster carbonate ammonia, 93. Sleeplessness. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 139. Tincture hops, 232. Mixture lactucarium, 262. Acetate morphia, 281. Preparations opium, 295. Syrup poppy heads, 306. Jamaica dogwood, 311. Snake Bites. Ammonia and ether, 91. Eau de luce, 93, 392. Sore Throat, Venereal. Mercurial lotion, 233. Spasm Eyelids. Lotion opium and oil chamomile, 298. Spasmodic Diseases. Sulphuric acid and ether, 76. Succinated ammonia, 96. Nitrate silver, 111. Electuary orange leaves, 119. Camphor, 138. Ethereal tincture camphor, 139. Castor, 151. Chloroform, 159. Mayweed, 181. Pills foxglove, 190. Tincture galbanum, 217. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 239. Anti-hysteric water, 277. Musk, 283. Dippel's animal oil, 289. Opium and its preparations, 291. Succinated tincture opium, 302. Clyster opium and valerian, 303. Cyanide potass., 320. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Confection rue, 365. Extract stramonium, 388. Purified oil amber, 391. Artificial musk, 391. Bal- sam amber, 392. Infusion linden, 400. Valerian, 404. Oxide zinc, 410. Cyanide zinc, 412. Spermatorrhea. Compound powder cascarilla, 150. Mixture acetate lead, 315. Spina Ventosa. Bath sulphuret potass., 327. Spleen, Diseases of. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 325. Sprains. Lotion sal ammoniac, 95. Liniment opium, 298. Aromatic vinegar, 353. Stomach, Affections of. Cayenne pepper pills, 145. Chlorine mixture, 159. Tincture chloride iron, 204. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 228. Aromatic plaster, 311. Compound powder sulphate quinine, 345. Mixture sulphuret carbon, 395. Strangury. Clyster laudanum, 303. Infusion parsley, 308. Mixture nitrate potass., 336. Sweating, Profuse. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Agaric, 130. Acetate lead, 313. Mixture acetate lead, 315. Syphilis. Mixture nitric acid, 74. Sulphuretted hydrosulphate ammonia, 95. Chloride silver, 110. Cyanide silver, 110. Gargle orpiment, 114. Preparations gold, 120-2. Compound powder anthracokali, 147. Hemlock and calomel, 175. Koechlin's drops, 186. Mercury and its preparations, 232. Opiated acetate mer- cury, 297. Bichloride platina, 313. Chloroplatinate soda, 313. Mixture bin- iodide potass., 324. Compound tincture carbonate potass., 333. Double chloride quinine and mercury, 343. Zittman's decoction, 363. Tapeworm. Chloride barium, 125. Male fern, 214. Compound powder gamboge, INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 509 .219. Decoction pomegranate root, 225. Anthelmintic emulsion, 292. Mixture petroleum, 308. Compound powder cevadilla, 355. Oxide tin, 388. Teeth, Diseases of. Alum and ether, 88. Vicat's mixture, 94. Chloride lime, 134. Cantharides plaster, 144. Oil cloves, 149. Plaster castor, 151. Chlorine oil, 159. Hemlock collyriurn, 175. Solution creasote, 182. Compound oil guaia- cum, 227. Mixture guaiacum, 228. Mastic paste, 275. Turpentine lotion, 292. Antiodontalgic mass, 298. Balsam and drops for toothache, 298. Odontalgic drops, 301. Pellitory and preparations, 340. Testicle, Engorged. Compound mercurial ointment, 235. Ointment iodide po- tass., 322. Tetanus. Extract hemp, 141. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 289. Opium and cinnamon water, 300. Solution caustic potass., 128. Throat, Affections of. Nitrate silver, 111. Cayenne pepper gargle, 145. Gar- gle Peruvian bark, 165. Liniment verdigris, 186. Gargle ammoniated copper, 187. Gargle figs, 213. Gargle galls, 218. Gargle pomegranate rind, 225. Mu- riate manganese, 272. Gargle myrrh, 287. Gargle nitrate potass., 336. Gargle sulphate quinine, 347. Gargle sage, 359. Vinegar sage, 359. Vinegar elder flowers, 359. Tinea Capitis. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 72. Ammoniacal liniment, 91. Sul- phuret antimony, 105. Ointment azedarach, 123. Liniment chloride lime, 134. Compound soot ointment, 216. Ointment calomel and alum, 241. Ointment poke, 309. Oil black pepper, 310. Tar ointment, 312. Ointment black pitch, 312. Ointment bromide potass., 319. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 329. Ointment sulphuret potass., 328. Compound ointment common salt, 379. Lotion sulphuret soda, 379. Ointment carbonate soda, 382. Compound sulphur oint- ment, 394. Ointment sulphur and zinc, 394. Ointment sulphuret carbon, 395. Tonsils Inflamed, &c. Gargle alum, 88. Gargle iodine, 252. Ointment iodine, 252. Tenesmus. Clyster, laudanum, 303. Pills rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 349. Trismus. Musk mixture, 284. Ulcers. Nitric acid, 74. Sulphate alumine, 87. Burnt alum, 87. Anglo Saxon ointment, 90. Ointment oxide silver, 111. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chlo- ride lime, 134. Ointment charcoal, 146. Charcoal cataplasm, 146. Chlorine liniment, 159. Peruvian bark and camphor, 161. Cerate Peruvian bark, 166. Hemlock ointment, 175. Verdigris lotion, 185. Metz's balsam, 185. Egyptian ointment, 186. Sal ammoniated copper, 187. Ointment ammoniated copper, 187. Ointment sulphate copper, 188. Ointment foxglove, 191. Ointment oleine, 195. Ointment soot, 216. Ointment galls, 219. Compound oil guaiacum, 227. Oint- ment red oxide mercury, 245. Lotion henbane, 248. Infusion cherry laurel, 264. Ceromel, 276. Mezereon ointment, 279. Ointment moncsia, 280. Root of mul- berries, 280. Tincture balsam Peru, 285. Ointment balsam Peru, 286. Plaster balsam Peru, 28(3. Cod liver oil, 290. Ointment bichloride platina, 313. Lotion acetate lead, 315. Goulard's lotion, 315. Ointment subacetate lead, 315. Com- pound powder carbonate lead, 316. Ointment carbonate lead, 310. Caustic solu- tion iodide potass., 324. Ointment biniodidc potass., 325. Saviard's lotion, 329. Solution chloride potass., 334. llesin cerate, 348. Wine roses, 313. Ointment willow leaves, 358. Balsam sulphur, 394. Turpentine liniment, 399. Turpen- tine plaster, 399. Cataplasm slippery-elm, 404. Lotion chloride zinc, 411. Plas- ter carbonate zinc, 414. Ulckrs VENEREAL. Mercurial liniment, 235. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 237. Yellow wash, 238. Ointment cyanide mercury, 242. Ointment red iodide mer- cury, 243. Black wash, 244. Compound tincture opoponax, 304. Plaster Inn- iodide potass, and opium, 321. Urethritis. Injection kino, 259. Injection subacetate lead and lime water, 315. Pills nitrate potass., 325. 510 INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. Urinary Organs, Affections of. Pipsissewa, 157. Buchu, 192. Clyster laudanum, 303. Pareira brava, 306. Embrocation petroleum, 307. Extract dandelion, 398. Turpentine pills, 399. Pills turpentine and magnesia, 399. Compound uva ursi, 401. Urine, Incontinence. Chloride gold and soda, 121. Compound pills mix vomica, 289. Powder iodide sulpbur, 395. Urine, Retention. Sal ammoniac, 95. Uterus, Diseases of. Animal charcoal, 146. Chlorine injection, 158. Syrup ergot, 196. Injection rhatany, 260. Ointment acetate morphia, 281. Mixture wine opium, 301. Uvula, Relaxation of. Gargle galls, 218. Gargle oak bark, 342. Gargle sage, 359. Vagina, Diseases of. Injection copaiba, 178. Injection opium, 299. Suppository chloride zinc, 411. Vermin, To Destroy. Ointment cocculus inclicus, 168. Ointment fennel, 215. Ointment cevadilla, 356. Capuchin powder, 356. Vinegar stavesacre, 388. Ointment stavesacre, 388. Vertigo. Bolus castor, 158. Vomiting, To Check. Mixture catechu, 153. Compound pills Colombo, 174. Mixture Colombo, 174. Creasote mixture, 182. Clyster laudanum, 303. Aro- matic plaster, 311. Antiemetic mixture, 382. Vomiting, Spasmodic. Mercurial mixture, 234. Mixture ipecacuanha, 254. Warts. Escharotic powder alum, 87. Ointment chloride antimony, 105. Verdi- gris ointment, 186. Verdigris plaster, 186. Corrosive sublimate and copper, 237. Savine and verdigris, 386. Savine ointment, 357. Weakness of Back. Lotion Peruvian bark, 165. Iron plaster, 203. Plaster red oxide iron, 212. White Swelling. Ointment nitrate silver, 112. Chloride calcium, 133. Worms. Tincture and wine wormwood, 64. Ointment aloes, 86. Semen contra, 115. Assafetida and iron, 117. Azedarach, 123. Wormseed, 157. Cochineal and common salt, 169. Mixture copaiba, 179. Male fern, 214. Cabbage tree bark, 222. Mercurial mucilage, 233. Calomel and scammony, 219. Calomel and jalap, 240. Black sulphuret mercury, 246. Cowhage, 284. Dippel's animal oil, 289. Mixture olive oil, 291. Anthelmintic emulsion, 291. Castor oil and ether, 292. Emulsion opoponax, 304. Savine and pinkroot, 356. Anthelmintic emulsion, 375. Pinkroot, 385. Powder tin, 387. Sulphuret tin, 387. Tansy, 397. Turpentine and jalap, 399. INDEX PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES Abies canadensis, 312 excelsa, 311 picea, 311 Abietis resina, 311 Absinthium, 65 Acacia, 66 arabica, 66 catechu, 152 senega], 66 vera, 66 Acetosella, 67 Acetum, 67 Acidum aceticum, 68 empyreumaticum, 69 arseniosum, 69 benzoicum, 70 boracicum, 70 citricum, 71 gallicum, 71 hydrocyanicum, 71 hydriodicum, 72 hydrosulphuricum, 72 lacticum, 73 muriaticum, 73 nitricum, 74 nitro-muriaticum, 75 oxalicum, 75 phosphoricum, 75 sulphuricum, 75 tannicum, 76 tartaricum, 77 valcrianicum, 77, 406 Aconitina, 7S Aconitum, 77 napellus, 77 panicnlaturn, 77 Acorus calamus, 133 Adiantum, 79 capillus veneris, 79 pedatum, 79 .'Esctilus hippocastanum, 247 .Ether accticus, 79 hydrocyanicus, 80 hyponitrosuB, 79 niuriaticus, 80 aalpharicuB, 80 tcrcbinthinatus, 81 Agathotes chirayta, 15S Ah-lris, 81 farinosa, 81 Allium, 81 sativum, 81 Aloe, 82 socotrina, 82 spicata, 82 vulgaris, 82 Althaea, 86 officinalis, 86 Alumina, S6 Alumina? acetas, 87 et potassas sulphas, 87 sulphas, 87 Ammonia, 90 Ammonias acetas, 91 arsenias, 92 carbonas, 92 citras, 94 hydriodas, 94 hydrosulphas, 94 murias, 95 nitras, 96 phosphas, 96 succinas, 96 sulphas, 97 Ammoniacum, 97 Amygdala, 98 amara, 98 dulcis, 98 Amygdalus communis, 9S Amylum, 101 Amyli iodidum, 102 Anacylus pyrethrum, 340 Anamirta cocculus, 168 Anemone, 102 pratensis, 102 Pulsatilla, 102 Angelica, 102 atropurpurea, 102 officinalis, 102 Angustura, 103 Anisum, 103 Anthemis, 104 nobilis, 104 Antimonialis pulvis, 109 Antinionium, 104 Antimonii chloridum, 105 et potass;e tartras, 107 sulphas, 107 sulphurctum, 105 Apis mellifica, 276 Apocynum, 109 androsa-mifblium, 109 cannabinum, 109 Aralia nudicatilis, 110 spinosa, 110 Arctium, 110 lappa, 110 Arctostaphylos uva ursi, 404 Argentum, 110 Argcnti chloridum, 110 cyanidum, 110 iodidum, 110 512 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. Argenti oxidum. Ill nitras, 111 Aristolochia hirsuta, reticulata, serpentaria, Armoracia, 112 Arnica, 1 12 montana, 112 Arsenicum, 113 Arsenici iodidum, 113 et hydravgyri iodidum, 114 sulphuretum, 114 Artanthe elongata, 275 Artemisia, 114 absinthium, 65 abrotanum, 1 14 contra, 115 judaica, 115 moxa, 1 14 santonica, 115 Arum, 115 triphyllum, 115 Asagraa officinalis, 355 Asarum, 115 canadense, 115 europsca, 115 Asclepias, 115 incarnata, 116 syriaca, 116 tuberosa, 115 Asparagus, 116 officinalis, 116 Assafetida, 116 Astragalus tragacantha, 402 Atropa belladonna, 126 Atropia, 118 Aurantium, 118 Aurantii cortex, 119 flores, 120 folia, 119 Aurum, 120 ammoniatum, 123 stanno paratum, 123 Auri chloridum, 120 cyanidum, 122 et sodii chloridum, 121 iodidum, 122 oxidum, 122 Avena sativa, 123 Azedarach, 124 Ballota lanata, 124 Balsamodendron myrrha, 286 Baptisia tinctoria, 124 Barium, 124 Barii chloridum, 124 iodidum, 125 sulphuretum, 125 Barosma crenata, 192 serratif'olia, 192 Baryta, 125 Barytas acetas, 126 Bebeerina, 126 Beccabunga, 126 Belladonna, 126 Benzoinum, 128 Berberis, 129 vulgaris, 129 Bismuthum, 129 Bismuthi subnitras, 129 Bistorta, 130 Boletus laricis, 130 Brominum, 130 Brucia, 130 Bruciae acetas, 131 murias, 131 sulphas, 131 Bryonia, 131 alba, 131 dioica, 131 Buxus, 131 sempervirens, 131 Cacao, 132 Cadmium, 133 Cadmii sulphas, 133 Calamus, 133 Calcis carbonas, 136 phosphas, 137 Calcii chloridum, 133 iodidum, 135 sulphuretum, 135 Calcium, 133 Calendula, 137 officinalis, 137 Calotropis, 138 gigantea, 13S Calx, 135 chlorinata, 134 Camphora, 13S officinarum, 138 Canella, 141 alba, 141 Cannabis, 141 sativa, 141 Cantharis, 141 vesicatoria, 141 Capsicum, 144 annuum, 144 baccatum, 144 frutescens, 144 Carbo animalis, 145 ligni, 146 mineralis, 146 Carbonis iodidum, 147 sulphuretum, 395 Cardamine, 147 pratensis, 147 Cardamomum, 147 Carota, 14S Carthamus, 148 tinctoria, 148 Carum, 148 carui, 148 Caryophyllus, 149 aromaticus, 149 Cascarilla, 150 Cassia acutifblia, 373 elongata, 373 fistula, 150 marilandica, 150 obovata, 373 Castor fiber, 151 Castoreum, 151 Catalpa, 152 cordifolia, 152 Cataria, 152 Catechu, 152 Ceanothus, 154 americanus, 154 Centaurea benedicta, 154 Centaurium, 154 Cephaslis ipecacuanha, 252 Cerasus serotina, 340 Cetaceum, 154 Cetraria, 156 Chelidonium, 156 majus, 156 Chenopodium, 156 anthelminticum, 156 Chimaphila, 157 umbellata, 157 Chiretta, 15S Chlorinum, 15S INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 513 Chloriformum, 159 Chondrus, 159 crispus, 159 Chrysophyllum, 279 Cichorium, 160 intybus, 160 Cimicifuga, 160 racemosa, 160 Cinchona, 160 Cinchonia, 166 Cinnamomum, 167 aromaticum, 167 zeylanicum, 167 Cissampelos pareira, 306 Citrullus colocynthis, 172 Citrus aurantium, 118 limonum, 264 Cocculus, 168 palmatus, 173 Coccus, 168 Cochlearia, 199 armoracia, 112 officinalis, 169 Codeia, 169 Coffea, 169 arabica, 169 Colchicutn, 170 autumnale, 170 Collinsonia, 172 canadensis, 172 Colocynthis, 172 Colomba, 173 Comptonia, 174 Conium, 175 maculatum, 175 Contrayerva, 176 Convolvulus panduratus, 177 scammonia, 365 Copaiba, 177 Copaifera officinalis, 177 Coptis, 179 trifolia, 179 Coriandrum, 179 sativum, 179 Cornu, 178 Cornus, 180 circinata, 180 florida, 180 sericea, ISO Cotula, 181 Creasotum, 181 Crocus, 1S2 sativus, 182 Croton eleutheria, 150 lacciferurn,262 tiglium, 293 Cubeba, 183 Cum'mum cyminum, 189 Curiila, 185 mariana, 185 Cuprum, 185 ammoniatum, 186 Cupri acetas, 185 murias, 186 sulphas, 1S7 Cydonia, 188 vulgaris, 188 Cyminum, 189 Cytisus scoparius, 371 Daphne gnidium, 278 mezereum, 278 Datura stramonium, 388 Daucus carota, 14S Delphinium, 189 consolida, 189 Btaphisagria, 388 33 Delphinia, 189 Dianthus, 190 caryophyllus, 190 Digitalis, 190 purpurea, 190 Digitalina, 192 Diosma, 192 Diospyi-os, 193 virginiana, 193 Diplolepis gallas tinctoriae, 218 Dirca, 193 palustris, 193 Dorema ammoniacum, 97 Dorstenia contrayerva, 176 Dracontium, 193 Drimys winteri,410 Dulcamara, 193 Ecbalium elaterium, 194 Elaterina, 195 Elaterium, 194 Elemi, 195 Elettaria cardamomum, 147 Emetina, 195 Ergota, 196 Ergotetia arbortifaciens, 196 Erigeron, 197 Erigeron annuum, 197 canadense, 197 heterophyllum, 197 philadelphicum, 197 strigosum, 197 Eryngium, 197 aquaticutn, 198 maritimum, 197 Erythraa centaurium, 154 Eugenia pimenta, 309 Eupatorium, 198 perfoliatum, 198 purpureum, 198 teucrifolium, 198 Euphorbia, 198 corollata, 198 hypericifolia, 198 ipecacuanha, 198 lathyris, 198 Euphorbium, 199 Euphrasia, 199 officinalis, 199 Ferrum, 199 ammoniatum, 201 sulphuretum, 212 Ferri acetas, 200 ammonio-tartras, 213 arsenias, 201 bromidum, 201 carbonas, 202 carburetum, 203 chloridum, 204 citras, 205 et potassaj tartras, 212 ferrocyanuretum, 205 filum, 199 gallas, 206 iodidum, 206 lactas, 208 malas, 208 nitras, 209 oxidum hydratum, 209 nigrum, 209 rubrum, 210 phosphas, 210 ramenta, 199 sulphas, 210 tannas, 213 valerianas, 213 514 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. Ferula assafcetida, 116 tingitana, 97 Ficus, 213 carica, 213 Filix mas, 214 Fceniculum, 215 vulgare, 215' Frasera, 215 carolinensia, 215 1 Fraxinns ornus, 273 Fuligo, 215 Fuligokali, 216 Galbanum,2l7 officinale, 217 Galipea officinalis, 103 Galium verum, 218 Galla, 218 Gambogia, 219 Gaultheria, 220 procumbens, 220 Gentiana, 220 lutea, 220 Gentianina, 222 Geranium, 222 maculatum, 222 Geoffroya inermis, 222 Geum, 222 rivale, 222 urbanum, 223 virginianum, 225 Gillenia, 223 trifoliata, 223 Glycerinum, 223 Glycyrrhiza, 223 glabra, 223 Gossypium, 224 herbaceura, 224 Granatum, 225 Gratiola, 226 aurea, 226 officinalis, 226 Guaiacum, 226 officinale, 226 HEematoxylon, 228 campechianum, 22S Hamamelis, 229 virginiana, 229 Hebradendron, 219 Hedeoma, 229 pulegioidea, 229 Helenium, 229 autumnale, 229 Helianthemum, 229 canadense, 22S* Helleborus,229 niger, 229 Helonias officinale, 355 Hemidesmus, 230 indicus, 230 Hepatica, 230 triloba, 230 Heracleum,231 lanatum, 23f Heuchera, 231 amerieana, 231 Hippocastanum, 247 Hordeum, 231 distichon, 231 vulgare, 231 Humulos, 232 lupulus, 232 Hydrargyrum, 232 ammoniatum, 236 Hydrargyri acetas, 235 boras, 236 Hydrargyri bromidum, 236 chloridum corrosivum, 237 mite, 238 cyanuretum, 241 et quiniae chloridum, 241 iodidum, 242 rubrum, 243 nitras, 243 oxidum nigrum, 244 rubrum, 244 phosphas, 245 sulphas, 245 sulphuretum nigrum, 246 rubrum, 246 tartras, 247 Hydrastis canadensis, 248 Hyoscyamus, 248 niger, 248 Ichthyocolla, 249 Indigofera, 250 Indigum, 250 Inula, 250 helenium, 250 Iodidum, 251 sulphuris, 395 Ipecacuanha, 252 Ipomaea jalapa, 255 Iris florentina, 255 Jalapa, 255 Janipha manihot, 397 Juglans cinerea, 257 Juniperus, 257 communis, 257 sabina, 356 virginiana, 258 Kino, 258 Krameria, 259 triandra, 259 Lac, 260 Lacca, 262 Lactuca, 262 elongata, 262 Lactucarium, 262 Lauri baccae, 263 folia, 263 Lauro cerasus, 264 Laurus, 263 nobilis, 263 Lavandula, 264 vera, 264 Limon, 265 Linum, 267 usitatissimum, 267 Liriodendron, 267 tulipifera, 267 Lobelia, 268 inflata, 268 Lupulina, 268 Macis, 269 Magnesia, 269 Magnesia? acetas, 270 carbonas, 270 citras, 271 phosphas, 272 sulphas, 271 Magnesii sulphuretum, 272 Magnesium, 269 Magnolia, 272 glauca, 272 Mai turn, 272 Malva, 272 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 515 Malva sylvestris, 272 Manganesii carbonas, 272 murias, 272 oxidum, 273 sulphas, 273 Manganesium, 272 Manna, 273 Mannita, 274 Maranta, 274 arundinacea, 274 Marrubium, 274 vulgare, 274 Maruta cotula, 181 Mastiche, 275 Matico, 275 Matricaria, 276 chamomilla, 276 Mel, 276 Melaleuca cajuputi, 289 Melia azedarach, 124 Melissa, 277 officinalis, 277 Mentha piperita, 277 viridis, 277 Menyanthes, 278 trifoliata, 278 Mezereum, 278 Monarda, 279 punctata, 279 Monesia, 279 Mora, 280 Morphia, 280 Morphia? acetas, 280 bimeconas, 281 citras, 281 hydriodas, 282 murias, 282 nitras, 282 phosphas, 2S2 sulphas, 282 tartras, 2S3 Morus nigra, 280 rubra, 280 Moschus, 283 moschiferus, 283 Mucuna, 284 pruriens, 284 Myristica, 284 moschata, 284 Myroxylon, 285 peruiferum, 285 Myrospermum toluiferum, 400 Myrrha, 2S7 Naphthalina, 287 Narcotina, 288 Narcotina? murias, 288 Narthex, 116 Nect.indra radaii, 126 Nepeta cataria, 152 Nephrodium filix mas, 214 Nicotiana tabacum, 395 Nux vomica, 288 Olea curopaia, 290 Oleum animale empyreumaticum, cajuputi, 289 jecoris aselli, 290 morrhua:, 290 oliva;, 290 ricini, 291 terebinthina;, 292 tiglii, 293 Opium, 295 Opoponax, 304 chironium, 304 Origanum, 304 Origanum vulgare, 304 Ornus europaea, 273 Oryza, 304 sativa, 304 Ovum, 305 Oxalis acetosella, 67 Papaver, 306 rhoeas, 351 somniferum, 295, 306 Pareira, 306 brava, 306 Paullinia, 307 sorbilis, 307 Petroleum, 307 Petroselinum, 308 sativum, 308 Phloridzina, 308 Phosphorus, 308 Phytolacca, 309 decandra, 309 Physeter macrocephalus, 154 Picraena excelsa, 341 Pimenta, 309 Pimpinella anisum, 103 Piper, 310 angustifolium, 275 cubeba, 183 longum, 311 nigrum, 310 Piperinum, 311 Piscidia erythrina, 311 Pistacia lentiscus, 275 Pix abietis, 311 canadensis, 312 liquida, 312 nigra, 312 Platina bichloridum, 313 Platinum, 313 Plumbi acetas, 313 carbonas, 316 chloridum, 316 iodidum, 316 oxidum semivitreum, 317 rubrum, 318 saccharas, 31S tannas, 318 Plumbum, 313 Podophyllin, 31S Podophyllum, 31S peltatum, 318 Polygala senega, 371 Polygonum, 319 bistorta, 130, 319 Potassa, 328 acetas, 329 arsenitis liquor, 330 arsenias, 330 bicarbonas, 333 bisulphas, 337 bitartras, 338 boras, 330 borotartras, 331 carbonas, 331 chloras, 334 citras, 334 cum sulphure, 338 ct ammonia; carbonas, 334 sulphas, 337 tartras, 339 et magnesia; sulphas, 337 iodas, 335 nitras, 335 purificatum, 335 oxalas, 336 silicas, 336 sulphas, 337 516 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL. AND BOTANICAL NAMES. PotassEB tartras, 338 Potassii biniodidum, 323 bromidum, 319 chloridum, 319 cyanuretum, 320 hydrargyro-iodidum, 325 iodidum, 321 sulpho-cyanuretum, 326 sulphuretum, 326 Potassium, 319 Potentilla tormentilla, 401 Prinos, 339 vertieillatus, 339 Prunum, 340 Prunus domestica, 340 lauro-cerasus, 264 Virginiana, 340 Pterocarpus marsupium, 258 Punila granatum, 225 Pyrethrum, 340 Quassia, 341 amara, 341 excelsa, 341 Quercus, 341 alba, 341 infectoria, 218 pedunculata, 341 robur, 341 tinctoria, 341 Quinia, 342 Quiniae acetas, 342 arsenias, 343 citras, 343 et ferri citras, 343 iodidum, 343 ft hydrargyri chloridum, 34> ferrocyanas, 343 hydriodas, 343 iodureta, 343 kinas,344 lactas, 344 murias, 344 nitras, 344 phosphas, 344 sulphas, 344 tannas, 347 tartras, 347 valerianas, 347 Resina, 347 Ilheum, 348 Rhffias, 351 Rhus toxicodendron, 402 Ricinus communis, 291 Rosa canina, 352 centifolia, 352 gallica, 352 Rosmarinus, 353 officinalis, 353 Ilubia, 354 tinctorum, 354 Rubus trivialis, 354 villosus, 354 Ruta, 355 graveolens, 355 Sabadilla, 355 Sabbatia, 356 angularis, 356 Sabina, 356 Saccharum, 357 officinarum, 357 Sagapenum, 357 Sago, 357 Salicina, 358 Salix, 358 alba, 358 Salvia, 358 officinalis, 358 » Sambucus, 359 canadensis, 359 nigra, 359 Sanguinaria, 359 canadensis, 359 Sapo, 360 durus, 360 mollis, 360 vulgaris, 360 Sarsaparilla, 362 Sassafras, 365 officinale, 365 Scammonium, 365 Scilla, 367 maritima, 367 Scoparius, 371 Scrophularia nodosa, 371 Senega, 371 Senna, 373 Serpentaria, 376 Sesamum, 376 indicum, 376 orientale, 376 Simaruba, 377 amara, 377 officinalis, 377 Sinapis, 377 alba, 377 nigra, 377 Smilax, 362 Soda, 379 Soda? acetas, 379 arsenias, 380 boras, 380 carbonas, 381 chloras, 383 chlorinata: liquor, 383 et potasses tartras, 385 hydrosulphas, 383 phosphas, 384 sulphas, 384 Sodium, 378 Sodii bromidum, 378 chloridum, 378 chloro-platinas, 313 sulphuretum, 379 Solanum dulcamara, 193 Spigelia, 385 rnarilandica, 385 Spiraea, 386 tomentosa, 386 Spongia, 387 Stanni chloridum, 387 oxidum, 388 sulphuretum, 387 Stannum, 387 Staphisagria, 388 Stramonium, 38S Strychnia, 389 Strychnia; acetas, 390 iodas, 391 murias, 391 nitras, 391 sulphas, 391 Strychnos nux vomica, 288 Styrax, 389 benzoin, 128 officinale, 389 Succinum, 391 Sulphur, 392 Sulphuris carburetum, 395 iodidum, 395 Symplocarpus foetidus, 197 INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 51T Tabacum, 395 Tamarindus, 397 indicus, 397 Tanacetum, 397 vulgare, 397 Tapioca, 397 Taraxacum, 398 dens leonis, 398 Terebinthina, 399 Theobroma cacao, 132 Tilia europsa, 400 Tolutanum, 400 Tormentilla, 401 Toxicodendron, 402 Tragacantha, 402 Tussilago, 403 farfara, 403 Ulmus campestris, 403 fulva, 403 Uva ursi, 404 Valeriana, 404 officinalis, 404 Vanilla, 406 aromatica, 406 Veratria, 407 Veratriae murias, 408 nitras, 408 sulphas, 408 Veratrum album, 408 sabadilla, 355 viride, 409 Veronica aaagallis, 126 beccabunga, 126 Viola odorata, 409 Wintera, 410 Zincum, 410 Zinci acetas, 413 carbonas, 413 chloridum, 411 cyanuretum, 412 ferro-cyanuretum, 412 iodidum, 412 oxidum, 410 sulphas, 414 valerianas, 415 Zingiber, 415 officinale, 415 GENEBAL INDEX Abbreviations in pharmaceutical formulae, 33 Acetate of alumina, 87 ammonia, 91 copper, 185 ■ iron, 200 lead, 313 mercury, 235 morphia, 280 potassa, 329 quinine, 342 soda, 279 strychnine, 390 zinc, 413 Acetic acid, 68 cataplasm, 68 clyster, 68 diluted, 68 Acid, acetic, 68 ■ arsenious, 69 benzoic, 70 boracic, 70 citric, 71 gallic, 71 hydriodic, 72 hydrocyanic, 71 hydrosulphuric, 72 lactic, 73 muriatic, 73 nitric, 74 nitro-muriatic, 75 oxalic, 75 phosphoric, 75 polygalic, 372 pyroligneous, 69 sulphuric, 75 tannic, 76 tartaric, 77 valerianic, 77, 406 Acids, 53 Aconite, 77 extract, 77 alcoholic, 77 ammoniated, 78 pills of, 77 mixture, 78 ointment, 78 ammoniated, 78 plaster, 77 powder, compound, 77 tincture, 78 ine, compound, 78 Aconitinc,78 lotion, 78 ointment, 78 Adhesive plaster, 348 Baynton's, 317 Administration of medicines, 47 Affusion, 466 Agaric, white, 130 pills, with opium, 130 powder, 130 Agaric, white, powder, with opium, 130 Air in convalescence, 63 Alcohol, ammoniated, 94 aromatic, 94 mixture, 94 anodyne, anisated, ammoniated, 94 lotion, 94 - mixture, 9 Alkaloids, 461 Allspice, 309 bolus of, 309 spirit of, 309 tincture of, 309 water of, 309 Almonds, 98 bitter, 98 butter of, 99 clyster, 100 cold cream, 100 confection of, 99 cream of, 100 emulsion of, 99, 100 aromatic, 100 - fixature, 101 -jelly, 417 - linctus, green, 100 white, 101 • liniment, cosmetic, 101 • Lockstadt's pills, 101 ■ lotion, 99 Goulard's, 100 ■ Macassar oil, 101 ■ milk anodyne, 99 artificial, 99 of roses, 99 ■ mixtures, 101 oil, 100 of bitter, 100 ■ paste, 99 ■ powder, 99 soap, 360 sweet, 98 • syrup of orgeat, 99 water of bitter, 100 diuretic, 100 Aloes, 82 clyster, 85 decoction, compound, 84 electuary, 84 elixir, Boerhaave's, 85 Clauder's, 85 Garus', 86 Stoughton'8,86 injection, 85 mixture, 85 ointment, 86 pills, 82 Anderson's, 83 antichlorotic, 83 aperient, 84 520 Aloes, pills, Barthez's, 84 Becker's, 84 Chapman's, 82 compound, 82 Duchesne's, 83 Frank's, 84 Fuller's, 83 Griffith's, 84 • Hooper's, 83 James's, 83 Lady Webster's, 83 Mitchell's, 82 Morrison's, 83 Peter's, 83 Pittschaft's, 84 Speediman's, 83 splenetic, 83 Whytt's, 84 with assafetida, 82 blue mass, 84 iron, 82 myrrh, 82 and canella, 82 compound, 82 emmenagogue, 82 GENERAL INDEX. suppository, 84 tincture, 85 and myrrh, 85 ethereal, 85 wine, 85 alkaline, 85 balsamic, 85 87 ■ bolus, 88 - burnt, 87 - collyrium, 88 -curd, 88 - draught, 90 - electuary, 88 - errhine, 88 - gargle, 88, 89* - injection, 89 -julep, 89 - liniment, 89 - lotion, 89 - ointment, 90 Anglo-Saxon, 9ft chilblain, 90 pile, 90 Rust's, 90 Amber tincture, alkaline, 392 ethereal, 392 American centaury, 356 extract, 356 infusion, 356 tincture, 356 columbo, 215 infusion, 215 tincture, 215 hellebore, 409 extract, 409 mixture, 409 ointment, 409 pills, 409 tincture, 409 wine, 409 senna, 150 ■infusion, 151 Ammonia, 90 acetate, pills with benzoin, powder, 87 root, 231 solution, 89 odontalgic, 88 whey, 89, 261 aromatic, 89, 261 acetate, 87 astringent, Rust's, 87 ■ electuary, 87 ■ sulphate, 87 wash, detergent, 87 Amber, 391 artificial musk, 391 emulsion, 391 tincture, 391 balsam, 392 eau de luce, 392 liniment, 392 — — mixture of oil, 392 oil, 391 purified, 391 cataplasm, 92 collyrium, 92 mixture, 92 solution, 91 arseniate, 92 solution, 92 carbonate, 92 aromatic, 92 draught, 93 with ginger, 93 drops, 93 liniment, 93 mixture, 93 ointment, 93 Gondret's, 93 pills, 93 plaster, 93 potion, 92 •tincture, compound, 93 citrate, 94 gargle, 90 hydriodate, 94 ointment, 94 ' hydrosulphate, 94 liniment, 95 sulphuretted, 95 ■ syrup, 95 powder, fumigating, 391 tiacture, 392 injection, 91 liniment, 90 compound, 90 sulphuretted, 91 terebinthinate, 91 lotion, 91 Granville's, 90 mixture, 91 muriate, 95 bolus, 95 cataplasm, 95 collutory, 95 draught, 95 — emulsion, 96 — — fomentation, 95 — — — — liniment, 95 lotion, 95 powder, 95 wash, 96 nitrate, 96 mixture, 96 phosphate, 96 solution, 96 plaster, 91 sinapism, 91 spirit, fetid, 91 succinate, 96 — impure, 96 liniment, 97 mixture, 96, 97 GENERAL INDEX. 521 Ammonia, succinate, spirit, 96 with ether, 97 succinic acid, sulphate, 97 water, 90 Ammoniac mixture, 97, 98 — — — compound, 9S with nitric acid, 9S pills, 97 compound, 97 De Haen's, 97 Klein's, 97 with rhubarb, 97 plaster, 98 gum, 98 with hemlock, 98 mercury, 98 Ammoniated alcohol, 94 anisated, 94 lotion, 94 mixture, 94 aromatic, 94 mixture, 94 Vicat's, 94 Ammonio-citrate of iron, 205 tartrate of iron, 213 solution, 213 Amorphous quinine, 342 Anemone, 102 collyrium, 102 extract, 102 pills, 102 water, 102 Angelica, 102 conserve, 103 essence, 103 errhine mixture, 103 tincture, 103 compound, 102 tree, 110 water, 103 Angustura, 103 electuary, 103 — — — — infusion, 103 mixture, 103 tincture, 103 Animal charcoal, 145 Anise, 103 lozenges, 103 mixture, 104 oil of, 104 spirit, 103 tincture, 104 Antacids, 53 Anthelmintic purgative, 239 Anthelmintics, 54 Anthracokali, 146 powder, 147 compound, 147 sulphuretted, 147 Anti-dysenteric opiate, 298 Antilithics, 54 Antimonial powder, 109 James 1 Antimony, 104 chloride puis, wine, s, 109 Hfh calomel, 109 108 , 105 — nitro-muriatic oxide, 105 ointment, 105 sulphuret, 105 golden, 106 powder, 106 Kermes mineral, 105 emulsion, 106 — • lozenges, 106 mixture, 106 Antimony, sulphuret, Kermesine powder, 106 compound, 106 lozenges, 105 mixture, 106 with lime, 106 pills, 106 plaster, 107 ointment, 105 pills, 105 precipitated, 105 sulphate, 107 tartrate and potassa, 107 Anti-odontalgic mass, 29S Antispasmodics, 54 Apothecaries' measure, 16 weight, 12 Apple water, 418 Approximative measures, 17 Arrowroot, 274 beef tea, 274 milk, 274 pudding, 274 vanilla, 407 water, 274 Arseniate of ammonia, 92 iron, 201 potassa, 330 quinine, 343 soda, 380 solution, 3S0 Arsenic, 113 iodine, 113 sesquiodide, 113 ointment, 113 pills, 113 solution with mercury, 114 draught,114 Arsenical solution, 330 Arsenious acid, 69 cerate, 69 ointment, 69 pills, 69 with opium, 70 pepper, 69 powder, solution, compound, Arsenite of potassa, solution, 330 Arteriotomy, 476 Artificial musk, 391 sulphuretted water, 73 Asarabacca, 115 powder, compound, 115 Asparagus, 116 decoction of roots, 116 1 extract of roots, 1 16 of shoots, 116 •mixture, 116 •syrup of shoots, 1 16 Assafetida, 116 Dewees' carminative, 118 enema, 118 mixture, 117 ' compound, 118 with oxyniel squills, 117 tolu, 117 116 with aloes, 118 iron, 117 lactucarium, 116 musk, 117 opium, 117 plaster, 118 tincture, 117 alkaline, 117 ammoniated, 118 and castor, 118 522 Assafetida tincture and soot, 118 Asses' milk, artificial, 420 Atropine, 118 solution, 118 Avens, 222 mixture, 223 powder, compound, 223 water, 222 .. decoction, 222 white, 223 Azedarach, 124 decoction, 124 ointment, 124 Balm, 277 spirit, compound, 277 water of, antihysteric, 277 Balsam acoustic, 285 amber, 392 cloves, aromatic, 149 emulsion, 401 Goulard's, 315 inhalation, 401 Locatelli's, 285 lozenges, 400 Metz's, 185 mixture with almond emulsion, 401 belladonna, 401 copaiba, 401 opium, 401 morphia, 401 nervine, 269 of Peru, 285 acoustic balsam, 2S5 collutory, 285 liniment, 285 lotion, mammillary, 285 mixture, 285 ointment, 2S6 compound, 286 GENERAL INDEX. pills, 285 plaster, 286 syrup, 285 tincture, 285 of tolu, 400 soap, camphorated acetic, 361 sulphur, 395 ethereal, 395 terebinthinated, 395 tincture, 400 compound, 400 with foxglove, 401 toothache, 298 Turlington's, 129 — — — syrup, 401 Bandoline, 189 Barberry, 129 lemonade, 129 Barium, 124 chloride, 124 collyrium, 125 — ^— mixture, 125 pills, 125 powders, 124 solution, 125 iodide, 125 ointment, 125 powder, 125 sulphuret, 125 Barytes, acetate, 126 liniment, 126 solution, 125 Basilicon ointment, 348 Baths, 462 aromatic, 353 cold, 463 common salt and gelatine, 378 cool, 463 douche, 465 hot, 463 hydrosulphuretted, 72 iodide of iron, 208 iodine, 251 ioduretted, 324 local, 465 medicated, 466 muriatic acid, 74 nitro-muriatic acid, 75 shower, 464 sulphuret of potassium, 327 sodium, 379 Barley, 231 decoction, 231 compound, 231 with nitrate of potassa, 231 meal, 231 sugar, 231 mixture, 420 Barytes, 125 Baume's hydrometer, 23 table of agreement with sp. gr., 25 Bay tree, 263 Bebeerine, 126 pills of sulphate, 126 solution of, 126 Beef essence, 41S tea, 418 arrowroot, 274 Beer, ginger, 415, 420 molasses, 420 Peruvian bark, 166 pipsissewa, 158 sarsaparilla, 365 spruce, 420 Belladonna, 126 clyster, 128 extract, 127 alcoholic, 127 solution of, 127 fumigation, 127 liniment, 128 mixture, 128 ointment, 128 opiated, 129 pills, compound, 127 plaster, 128 powder, 126 and rhubarb, 129 syrup, 127 Gillet's, 127 tincture, 127 ethereal, 12S Benne, 376 infusion, 877 Benzoic acid, 70 and copaiba mixture, 70 and ipecacuanha powder, 70 mixture, 70 Benzoin, 128 balsam, Turlington's, 127 emulsion, 129 lard, benzoated, 128 lotion, 129 milk of roses, 129 oil, 129 pastiles, fumigating, 128 powder, 128 — fumigating, 128 GENERAL INDEX. 523 Benzoin tincture, 129 compound, 129 wash, 129 Bibromide of mercury, 236 Bicarbonate of potassa, 333 of soda, 381 Biniodide of potassium, 323 Binoxalate of potassa, 336 Biscuit jelly, 417 Bismuth, 129 subnitrate, 129 ointment, 130 pills, 130 powder, compound, 129 Bistort, 130, 319 clyster, astringent, 130 extract, 319 infusion, 130 mixture, 319 Bisulphate of potassa, 337 soda, 385 Bitartrate of \ Bitter almonds, Bittersweet, 193 decoction, 193 compound, 193 extract, 193 pills, 194 mixture, 194 syrup, 194 Black alder, decoction, 339 drop, 300 Guy's Hospital, 300 Houlton's, 300 Lancaster, 300 Porter's, 300 ■ Rousseau's, 300 hellebore, 229 ■ extract, 230 — — ointment, 230 pills, compound, 229 tincture, 230 mixture, 230 vino-alcoholic, 2c P> Is, 230 oak, 341 oxide of iron, 209 mercury, 244 pepper, 310 cataplasm, 310 confection, 310 electuary, 310 oil, resinous, 310 volatile, 310 ointment, 310 plaster, 310 Ward's paste, 310 pitch, 312 — ointment, 312 plaster, 313 wine, compound, 230 purslane, 1! infusion, snakeroot, 160 decoction, 160 tincture, 1( sulphuret of mercury, 246 Blackberry, 354 decoction, 354 syrup, 355 Blancmange isinglass, 420 rice, 420 Blessed thistle, 154 infusion, 154 wine, 154 Blistering court plaster, 144 Blisters, 38, 470 Blood-letting, 474 genera], 474 topical, 474 Bloodroot, 359 infusion, 360 pills, ; tincture, 360 Blue pills, 284 and colocynth, 284 jalap, 284 quinine, 284 rhubarb, 284 Boiled flour, 418 Bolus, 447 acetate of morphia, 282 potassa, 329 • allspice, 309 ■ alum, 88 • ammoniated iron, 201 burnt sponge, 387 castor, 151 catechu, 152 chloride of gold, 121 cinchonia, 166 copaiba, 177 croton oil, 293 foxglove, 190 ipecacuanha, 253 iron, metallic, 200 male fern, 214 musk, 283 narcotine, 288 oxide of manganese, 273 Peruvian bark, extract of, 162 pomegranate root, 226 sal ammoniac, 95 soap, 361 sulphate of morphia, 282 sulphuret of potassium, 326 tartar emetic, 107 valerian and iron, 405 sulphate of potassa, 405 198 decoction, 198 infusion, 198 compound, 198 Boracic acid, 70 collutory, 70 mixture, 70 Borate of soda, I Borax, 380 collutory, 380 collyrium, 380 gargle, 380 honey, 380 lotion, 380 lozenges, 380 mixture, 381 ointment, 381 powder, compound, vinegar, 380 Boullay's filter, 452 Bowman's root, 198 Box, 131 oil, 131 Bran tea, 419 Bread jelly, 417 British oil, 307 Bromide of iron, 201 mercury, 236 potassium, 319 sodium, 378 Bromine, 130 solution, i; Brooklime, 126 alcoholic, 130 524 Brooklime, syrup, 126 water, 126 Broom, 371 conserve, 371 decoction, 371 compound, 371 extract, 371 infusion, 371 Broth, mutton, 417 vegetable, 417 Brown mixture, 224 Brucine, 130 acetate, 131 muriate, 131 pills, 131 solution, 131 sulphate, 131 tincture, 131 Bryony, 131 cataplasm, 131 — compound, 131 wine, 131 Buchu,192 extract, 192 fluid, 192 infusion, 192 compound, 192 tincture, 192 Buckbean, 278 extract, 278 infusion, 278 mixture, 278 diuretic, 278 pills, compound, 278 Burdock, 110 decoction, 110 infusion, 110 Burgundy pitch, 311 Burnt aliim, 87 hartshorn, 137, 180 sponge, sugar, 357 Butter of almonds, 99 cocoa, 132 mixture, 132 — — ointment, 132 Butternut, 257 extract, 257 Button snakeroot, 257 Cabbage tree bark, 222 decoction, 222 extract, 222 mixture, 222 Cadmium, 133 sulphate, 133 ointment, 133 solution, 133 Cajeput oil, 289 liniment, 289 mixture, 289 Cakes, soda, 421 Calamine, 413 Calamus, 133 electuary, 133 infusion, 133 compound, 133 tincture, 133 compound, 133 GENERAL INDEX. Calcium, sulphuret, 135 liniment, 135 pills, compound, 135 Calcium, 133 chloride, 133 cataplasm, 133 mixture, 134 pills, 134 solution, 133 iodide, 135 pills, 135 Calomel, 23S collyrium, dry, 239 electuary with, 241 pills, 239 and acetate of lead, 239 antimony, 240 catechu, 230 colocynth, 240 dandelion, 240 guaiacum, 240 jalap, 240 iron, 240 opium, 240 quinine, 239 squill, 240 cathartic, compound, 240 compound, 240 ointment, 241 with acetate of copper, 241 alum, 241 camphor, 241 squill, 241 powder ith antimony, 238 and henbane, 239 anthelmintic, 239 with foxglove, 239 gamboge, 239 jalap, 239 and rhubarb, nitrate of potassa, 239 opium, 239 pink root, 239, 140 Calves' foot jelly, 418 Camphor, 138 and chloroforri ether, 140 ' Hoffmann's anodyne, 139 laudanum, 139 — milk, 139 nitric acid, 139 clyster, 140 collyrium, 141 cough mixture, 141 essence, Ward's, 140 emulsion, 139 infusion, 139 — — liniment, 140 and turpentine, 141 vinegar, 140 compound, 140 ethereal, 140 mixture, 139 nitrate, 141 ointment, 140 pills, 138 and lactucarium, 13S musk, 138 compound, 138 powder, 138 compound, 138 tincture, 139 and saffron, 139 ethereal, 139 mixture, 140 water, 139 Canada extract, 197 fleabane, 197 infusion, 197 pitch, 312 Canella, 141 Cantharides, 141 court-plaster, blistering, 144 decoction, 143 GENERAL INDEX. 525 Cantharides, emulsion, 142 extract, 142 ethereal, 143 infusion, 142 liniment, 143 and camphor, 143 soap, 143 stimulating, 144 oil, 143 ointment, 143 issue, 144 pills with capsicum, 142 iron, 142 plaster, 144 camphorated, 144 compound, 144 odontalgic, 144 pomatum, 144 powder with camphor, 142 savine, 142 shampoo liquid, 144 tincture, 142 camphorated, 142 ethereal, 143 camphorated, vinegar, 142 with guaiacum, 142 Caramel, 357 Caraway, 148 embrocation, 149 infusion, 148 oil, 149 spirit, 149 water, 148 Carbon, iodide, 147 ointment, 147 sulphuret of, 395 drops, 395 liniment, 395 mixture, 395 Carbonate of ammonia, 92 iron, 202 lead, 316 lime, 136 magnesia, 270 manganese, 272 potassa, 331 soda, 381 Carburet of iron, 203 sulphur, 395 Cardamom, 147 confection, 147 extract, ethereal, 148 powder, aromatic, 147 — syrup, 148 tincture, 147 ■ — compound, 148 Carminative, Dalhy's, 270 ■ Dewees', 118, 270 Carrageen, 159 decoction, 159 jelly, 160 mixture, 160 Carrot, 14S cataplasm, 148 extract, 148 infusion of seeds, 148 ointment, 148 Cascarilla, 150 extract, 150 ■ mixture, 150 • infusion, 150 alkaline, 150 powder, compound, 150 tincture, 150 wine, compound, 150 Cassia, purging, 150 confection, 150 mixture, 150 pulp, 150 Castanello's powders, 417 Castor, 151 lotus, 151 oil, 291 clyster, 292 emulsion of, 291 seeds, 2: fixature, 292 mixture, 291 with ether, 292 pills, 151 plaster, compound, 151 powder, compound, 151 spirit, compound, 151 tincture, 151 ammoniated, 151 compound, 151 ethereal, 151 with succinic acid, 151 Catalpa, 152 decoction, 152 Cataplasms, 468 acetate of lead, 315 acetic acid, 68 black pepper, 310 bryony, 131 compound, 131 carrot-root, 148 Cayenne pepper, 145 charcoal, 146 chloride of calcium, 133 clove, 149 emollient, 267 flaxseed, 267 — foxglove, 191 garlic, 81 hemlock, 176 hops, 232 horseradish, 112 iodine, 252 lead, 317 long pepper, 310 mayweed, 181 mercurial, 235 , mustard, 377 compound, 377 oak bark, 342 oatmeal, 124 Peruvian bark, 165 powder for, 124 pyroligneous acid, 69 sal ammoniac, 95 slipperv elm, 404 soap, 362 soot, 216 subacetate of lead, 314 — tobacco, 396 — vinegar, 67 Catechu, 152 bolus, 152 compound, 152 • collutory, 153 • electuary, 153 - infusion, 153 compound, 153 injection, 153 lozenges, 153 mixture, 153 anti-emetic, 153 with logwood, 153 ■ pastilles, aromatic, 153 ■ pills with alum, 152 liquorice, 152 526 Catechu powder, compound, 152 tincture, 153 Cathartics, 55 Catnep, 152 infusion, 152 Caudle, 420 Caustic chloride of gold, 120 potassa, 328 soda, 379 Caustics, 60 Cayenne pepper, 144 cataplasm, 145 GENERAL INDEX. gargle, 145 infusion, 145 lotion, 145 lozenges, 145 pills, 145 tincture, 145 with cantharides, 145 vinegar, 145 Celandine, 156 extract, 157 mixture, 157 pills, 157 Cement, diamond, 250 parolic, 261 shell lac, 262 Centaury, 154 American, 154 extract, 154 mixture, 154 pills, 154 Portland powder, 154 wine, compound, 154 Cerate, 471 acetate oflead, 314 arsenical, 69 carbonate of zinc, 413 cherry laurel, 264 croton oil, 295 eggs, 305 lead, 317 mercurial, 235 compound, 235 opium, 299 oxide of zinc and lycopodium, 411 Peruvian bark, 165 phosphorated, 309 pitch, 312 red sulphuret of mercury, 247 resin, 34S compound, 348 savine, 357 spermaceti, 155 subacetate oflead, 315 sulphur, 394 Ceromel, 276 Cetrarine, 156 powder, 156 Cevadilla, 355 Capuchin, 356 extract, 355 ointment, 356 ointment, 356 powder, compound, 355 tincture, 355 Chalk, 136 mixture, 136 prepared, 136 Chalybeate water, artificial, 203 Chamomile, 104 decoction, compound, 104 extract, 104 ■ pills, compound, 104 German, 276 infusion, 104 mixture, 104 Chamomile syrup, 104 ! Charcoal, animal, 145 ointment, 146 powder, 145 purified, 145 cataplasm, 146 electuary, 146 lozenges, 146 mineral, 146 ointment, 146 powder, dentifrice, 146 and quassia, 146 suppository, 146 wood, 146 Cheltenham salts, 271 Cherry cerate, 264 infusion, 264 laurel, 264 ointment, 264 water, 264 lotion, 264 mixture, 264 Chicken jelly, 419 panada, 419 water, 418 Chinoidine, 342 Chiretta, 158 infusion, 158 tincture, 158 Chlorate of potassa, 334 soda, 3S3 Chloride of barium, 124 calcium, 133 gold, 120 — and sodium, 121 iron, 204 lead, 316 lime, 134 potassium, 319 silver, 110 soda, 383 sodium, 378 — — zinc, 411 Chlorinated lime, 134 soda, 383 Chlorine, 158 clyster, 159 collutory, 158 gargle, 158 injection, 158 liniment, 159 mixture, 159 oil, 159 ointment, 159 water, 158 Chloroform, 159 emulsion, 159 liniment, 159 Chloroplatinate of sodium, 313 injection of, 313 e, 420 — aromatic, 132 — cream, 132 — Iceland moss, 156 — milk, 420 — paullinia, 307 — purgative, 367 — salep, 132 — vanilla, 132 — white, 132 a, 166 — boluses, 167 — kinate, 166 — muriate, 166 -pills, 166 — sulphate, 166 pilla, 167 GENERAL INDEX. 527 Cinchonia, sulphate, wine, 167 syrup, 167 tincture, 167 wine, 167 Cinnamon, 167 electuary, compound, 167 infusion, 167 lozenges, 167 oil, 168 plaster, spiced, 168 powder, compound, 167 tincture, 167 compound, 16S ethereal, 168 vinegar, compound, 167 water, 168 compound, 168 wine, compound, 167 Citrate of ammonia, 95 iron, 205 and quinia, 205, 343 magnesia, 271 morphia, 281 potassa, 334 quinine, 343 Citric acid, 71 lozenges, 71 syrup, 71 Cleanliness in sick room, 46 Cloves, 149 bag, 149 balsam, 149 cataplasm, 149 infusion, 149 mixture, odontalgic, 149 oil, 149 plaster, 149 spirit, 149 tincture, 149 water, 149 wine, 149 Clysters, 55 acetate of morphia, 281 acetic acid, 68 anthelmintic, of aloes, 85 assafetida, 118 belladonna, 128 bistort, 130 camphor, 140 castor oil, 292 chlorine, 159 colocynth, 173 common salt, 378 and arnica, 379 copaiba, 179 cubebs, 184 dandelion, 399 egg, 305 emollient, oil of almonds, 100 malt, 272 — ergot, 197 — flaxseed oil, 267 — iodine, 252 — laudanum, 303 and valerian, 303 — musk, 284 — olive oil, 291 — opium, 299 -- Peruvian bark, 165 — rhatany, 260 — soap, 362 — southernwood, 114 — stimulating, with nutmeg, 284 -- sulphate of magnesia, 271 quinine, 347 soda, 385 — tartar emetic, 108 Clysters, tartarized soda, 385 turpentine, 399 oil, 293 wormwood, 65 Cocculus indicus, 168 ointment, 168 picrotoxin, 168 Cochineal, 168 1 tincture, 169 with carbonate of potass common salt, 169 Cocoa, 132 butter, 132 ointment, 132 mixture, 132 chocolates, 132 aromatic, 132 cream, 132 salep, 132 vanuia, 132 white, 132 powders, compound, 132 palamond, 132 racahout, 132 ■ wikana, 132 Codeia, 1 and muriate of morphia, 169 syrup, 169 Cod liver oil, 290 compound, 290 liniment, 290 mixture, 290 ointment, 290 compound, 290 syrup, 290 Coffee, 169 acorn, 342 decoction, 170 figs, 214 milk, 420 syrup, 170 vinegar, 170 Colchicum, 170 extract bulb, 170 acetic, 170 liniment, with camphor, 172 mixture, 171 with ammonia, 172 elaterium, 171 magnesia, 171 — squill, 172 sulphate magnesia, 171 oxymel, 171 pills, 170 compound, 170 syrup, 171 ■ flowers, 171 seeds, 170 and foxglove, 171 compound, 171 mixture, 171 vinegar, root, 171 seeds, 171 mixture, 172 wine, compound, 171 mixture, 172 — root, 170 ■ seeds, 170 Cold bath, 463 — — cream, 100, 155 without spermaceti, 155 custard, 419 Collodion, 225 Collutory, balsam of Peru, 285 boracic acid, 70 borax, 380 528 GENERAL INDEX. Collutory, carbonate of potassa, 332 — — — — catechu, 153 chlorinated lime, 134 chlorine, 158 creasote, 1S2 hemlock, 175 lemon juice, 265 mastic, aromatic, 275 myrrh, 286 nitric acid, 74 pyroligneous acid, 69 rhatany, 260 ■ rose water, 352 sal ammoniac, 95 soot, 216 Collyrium, acetate of lead, 314 zinc, 413 alum, 88 anemone, 102 anodyne, 299 antimonial wine, 10S biniodide of potassium, 324 borax, 380 calomel, dry, 239 camphor, 1*41 carbonate of potassa , 332 caustic potassa, 329 chloride of barium, 125 gold, 121 corrosive sublimate, 23S iodide of zinc, 413 nitrate of silver, 111 saffron, 1S3 strychnine, 390 subacetate of lead, 314 sulphate of copper, 18S zinc, 414 and camphor, 414 wine of opium, 301 Colocynth, 172 clyster, 173 extract, 172 compound, 172 mixture, 173 pills, and henbane, 173 compound, 173 powder, 172 tincture, 173 mixture, 173 Columbo, 173 American, 215 decoction, compound, 174 extract, 174 infusion, 174 and ginaer, 174 rhubarb, 174 mixture, 174 and cascarilla, 17-1 salep, 174 Common salt powder, compound, 378 with cochineal, 378 Confections, 449 Confection acorns, 342 almonds, 99 aromatic, 147 black pepper, 310 cassia, 150 copaiba, 178 dog rose, 352 ipecacuanha, 254 orange flowers, 120 peel, 119 roses, 353 scammony, 366 compound, 373 Conserves, 449 Conserve of acetate of potassa, 329 angelica, 103 broom, 371 violets, 409 Contrayerva, 176 decoction, 176 extract, 176 gargle, 177 mixture, 177 powder, compound, 176 tincture, 177 - compound, 177 Copaiba, 177 boluses, 177 clyster, 179 confection, 178 emulsion, 178 injection, 178 mixture, 178 oil, 179 paste, 179 pil| S) 177 and cnbebs, 177 cubebs and turpentine, 17S tincture, 179 alkaline Copper, 185 acetate, 185 ammoniated, 179 compound, 179 gargle, 187 injection, 187 ointment, 1S7 pills, 187 compound, 187 powder, with belladonna, solution, 187 pills, compound, 174 powder and iron, 173 ginger, 174 magnesia, 173 tartrate of iron, 174 tincture, 174 Coltsfoot, 403 decoction, 403 compound, 403 trup, 493 Common salt, 378 bath, with gelatine, 378 clyster, 378 with arnica, 379 fomentation, 378 mixture with lemon juice, 379 ointment, 379 compound, 379 muriate, 186 and ammonia, 186 cupreous ether, 1S6 Koechlin's drops, 1S6 solution, with mercury, 186 subacetate, 1S5 balsam, Metz's, 185 liniment, 186 lotion, compound, 1S5 ointment, 1S6 Egyptian, 1S6 1S5 - with alum, 1S5 plaster, 186 powder, with savine, 1S5 wash, ophthalmic, 185 sulphate, 1S7 collyrium, 188 electuary, 188 gargle, 1SS lotions, 188 GENERAL INDEX. 529 Copper, sulphate, ointment, 188 pills, 189 and opium, 1S7 compound, 18S powder, compound, 1S7 styptic, 1S8 Cordial, Godfrey's, 302 Warner's, 351 Coriander, 179 powder, compound, 180 tincture, 180 water, compound, 180 Corrosive sublimate, 237 collyrium, 238 injection, 238 lotion, 237 Bateman's, 238 cosmetic, 237 with camphor, 238 • copper, 238 mixture, 237 pills, 237 compound, 237 powder with copper, 237 zinc, 237 solution, 237 alcoholic, 237 tincture, antacid, 238 wash, cosmetic, 238 yellow, 238 Cotton, 224 decoction of root, 224 solution, ethereal, 225 Court plaster, 249 Cowhage, 284 electuary, 284 Cranesbill, 222 decoction, 222 extract, 222 Cream, chocolate, 132 cold, 100, 155 without spermaceti, 155 of tartar, 338 Creasote, 1S1 collutory, 182 lotion, 182 mixture, 181, 182 ointment, 182 compound, 182 pills, 1S1 solution, alcoholic, 182 Cremor tartar, 33S Croton oil, 293 bolus, 293 cerate, 295 embrocation, 295 emulsion, 294 liniment, 294 lozenges, 294 mixture, 294 ointment, 295 pills, 293 compound, 294 with blue mass, 294 quinine, 294 plaster, 295 soap, 294 solution, saponaceous, 294 tincture, 294 Cubebs, 183 clyster, 184 electuary, 184 extract, alcoholic ethereal, 184 emulsion, 184 ethereal, 184 lozenges, 1S4 lozenges, alcoholic ethereal extract, 1S4 Cubebs, mixture, 184 oil and copaiba, 185 oil, 185 powder, 183 and alum, 183 ergot, 183 hemlock, 1S3 syrup, alco-ether. extract, 184 tincture, 184 Cuckoo flower, 147 Cumin, 189 plaster, 189 Cyanide of gold, 122 mercury, 241 potassa, 320 silver, 110 zinc, 412 Cyanuret of gold, 122 mercury, 241 potassium, 320 silver, 110 zinc, 412 Cupping, 476 Custard, cold, 419 rice, 420 Dalby's carminative, 270 Dandelion, 398 clyster, 399 decoction, 398 extract, 398 fluid, 398 pills, 398 with blue mass, infusion, compound, 39S mixture, 398 Decoction, 451 aloes, compound, 84 arnica, 113 asparagus, 116 azedarach, 124 barley, 231 ■ compound, 231 bittersweet, 193 compound, 193 black alder, 339 snakeroot, 160 blackberry root, 355 boneset, 198 broom, 371 compound, 371 burdock, 110 cabbage tree bark, 222 cantharides in turpentine, 143 carrageen, 159 catalpa, 152 chamomile, compound, 104 coffee, raw, 170 coltsfoot, 403 compound, 403 columbo, compound, 174 contrayerva, 176 cotton-root, 224 dandelion, 398 dogwood, 181 elder bark, 359 elecampane, 250 elm bark, 403 ergot, 196 figs, 213 compound, 213 geranium, 222 guaiacum wood, 226 compound, 226 34 hniry horehound, 124 hardback, 3S7 horehound, compound, 274 530 GENERAL INDEX. Decoction, horse balm, 172 horsechestnut bark, 247 compound, 247 Iceland moss, 156 Indian hemp, 109 sarsaparilla, 231 ipecacuanha, 254 ■ logwood, 228 madder, 354 marshmallow, 86 matico, 275 mezereon, 278 compound, 279 New Jersey tea, 154 oak bark, 342 oatmeal, compound, 123 Pareira brava, 306 Peruvian bark, 162 and cascarilla, 163 rhatany, 163 compound, 163 pipsissewa, 157 compound, 157 pomegranate rind, 225 root, 225 poppy heads, 306 sarsaparilla, 362 compound, 362 Feltz's, 363 Jauperand's, 363 Vinache's, 363 Zittman's, 363 Delphi - seneka, 372 - soot, 215 - stavesacre, 38S - tormentil, 402 - uva ursi, 404 - water avens, 222 - wild indigo, 124 - willow bark, 35S - wormseed, 157 189 ointment, 189 solution, 189 Demulcents, 56 Dentifrice, bitartrate potassa, 338 burnt hartshorn, 180 charcoal, 146 chlorinated lime, 134 electuary, 136, 137 mastic, 275 orris root, 255 Peruvian bark, 161 phosphate of lime, 137 rhatany, 259 sulphate of quinine, 347 willow bark, 358 with carbonate of lime, 136 Dewberry, 354 Dewees' carminative, 1 IS, 270 Diaphoretics, 57 Diet-drink, Lisbon, 363 Diet in convalescence, 63 Digitalin, 192 pills, 192 granules, 192 Diluents, 57 Dippel's animal oil, 2S9 liniment, 289 mixture, 289 tincture, 289 Displacement, 452 Distillation, 455 Distilled oils, 456 waters, 455 Dittany, 185 infusion, 185 Dittany, oil, 185 Diuretics, 57 Dog rose, 352 confection, 352 Dogwood, 180 decoction, 181 Jamaica, 311 pills, 1S1 round-leaved, 180 swamp, 180 tree, 180 wine, 181 Dogsbane, 109 Donovan's solution, 114 Dose of medicines, 50 Drops, 17, 462 Bateman's, 302 Battley's, 302 carminative, 269 Koechlin's, 186 odontalgic, 301 table of, 17 toothache, 298 Draughts, 454 Draught, anodyne, 303 morphia, 280 solution, iodide, arsenic and mercurv, 114 sugar of milk, 267 sulphate potassa, effervescing, 337 Eau de Javelle, 320 de luce, 97, 392 Effervescing draught, 333, 381 - powders, 333, 381 Eggs, 305 cerate, 305 clyster, emollient, 305 restorative, 305 emulsion, 305 liniment, 305 mixture, 305 with brandy, 305 wine, 305 oil, 305 Elaterine, 195 tincture, 195 Elaterium, 194 mixture, 194 oil, 195 pills, 194 Elder, 359 decoction of bark, 359 extract of berries, 359 mixture, 359 — gargle, 359 — ointment, 359 leaves, 359 vinegar, 359 water of flowers, 359 Elecampane, 250 decoction, 250 extract, 250 mixture, 250 oxymel, compound, 250 pills, compound, 250 Electuaries, 449 Electuary, anthelmintic, 84 dentifrice, 136, 137 laxative, 84 for teeth, 87 of alum, 88 angustura, 103 bitartrate of potassa, 339 — black oxide of iron, 210 pepper, 310 burnt sponge, 387 GENERAL INDEX. 531 Electuary of calamus, 133 calomel, 241 carburet of iron, 203 — catechu, 153 — charcoal, 146 — cinnamon, compound, 167 — cowhage, 284 — cubebs, 184 — indigo, 250 — jalap, 256 — juniper, 258 — kino, 259 — logwood, extract of, 228 — male fern, 214 — orange leaves, 119 ■peel, 11 Peruvian bark, 164 • astringent, 164 with catechu, 164 cloves, 164 iron, 164 sulphur,l64 tin, 164 — pomegranate root, 225 — rhatany, 259 — rhubarb, 349 — roses, 353 — scurvy grass, 169 — semen contra, 115 — senna and cremor tartar, 373 figs, 373 rhubarb, 373 sulphur, 373 soap, 361 squill, 370 sulphate of copper, 188 soda, 3S4 — sulphur, 393 compound, 393 — sulphuret of potassium, 326 — tamarinds, 397 — tin, 3S7 — turpentine, 399 -- valerian, 405 Virginia snakeroot, 376 Elemi, 195 cautery plaster, 195 ointment, 195 Elixir, vitriol, 75 Boerhaave's, 85 Clauder's, 85 Garus', 86, 183 ipecacuanha, 255 Lettsom's, 303 orange peel, 119 scammony, 366 Stoughton's, 86 Elm bark, 403 decoction, 403 infusion, 403 slippery, 403 Elutriation, 447 Embrocation, caraway, 149 croton oil, 295 petroleum, 307 Embrocations, 469 Emetic, tartar, 107 Emetics, 57 Emetin, 195 impure, 195 lozenges, 196 mixture, 195 pure, 195 syrup, 196 Emmenagoguea, 58 Emollients, 56 Emulsions, 454 Emulsion, 454 almond, 99, 100 aromatic, 100 - anthelmintic, 291, 375 - artificial musk, 392 -benzoin, cosmetic, 129 -camphor, 139 -cantharides, 142 - carbonate of potassa, 332 -castor oil seeds, 291 -chloroform, 159 - copaiba, 178 - croton oil, 294 - cubebs, ethereal extract, 1S4 - egg, 305 - hemp seed, 141 -jalap, 256 -kermes mineral, 106 -lupulin, 268 -manna, 373 -nitrated, 336 - opoponax, 304 -purgative, 271 -sal ammoniac, 96 - scammony, 366 compound, 366 seneka, 372 squill, 370 sulphate soda, 384 ■ tartar emetic, 10S Enemata, 55 Epispastics, 58 Ergot, 196 clyster, 197 decoction, 196 extract, 197 infusion, 196 injection, 197 mixture, 196 extract, 197 oil, 197 pills, compound, 197 extract, 197 powder, compound, 196 syrup, 196 tincture, 196 wine, 196 Errhine, alum, S8 euphorbium, 199 Errhines, 60 Escharotics, 60 Essence of angelica, 103 ginger, 416 lavender, compound, 265 lemon, 265 peppermint, 277 roses, 352 sarsaparilla, 368 compound, 369 — soap, 361 camphorated, 361 — vanilla, 407 Ward's for headache, 140 Essential oils, 456 Ether, acetic, 79 mixture, 79 pirit, 79 cupreous, 186 hydrocyanic, SO muriatic, 80 mixture, 80 spirit of, 80 nitrous, 79 mixture, 80 sweet spirit of, 79 ■ mixture of, phosphorated, SOS 532 Ether, sulphuric, GENERAL INDEX. ethereal oil, 80 Hoffmann's anodyne, 80 lotion, 80 mixture with camphor, 81 turpentine, 81 rectified, spirit, SO syrup, 81 terebinthinated, SI Ethereal oil, 80 Euphorbium, 199 oil, 199 plaster, 199 sternutatory, 199 Examination of excretions, 47 Exercise in convalescence, So Expectorants, 60 Extracts, 448 Extract of aconite, 77 alcoholic, 77 ammoniated, 78 American centaury, 356 hellebore, 409 anemone, 142 arnica, 113 asparagus roots, 116 . shoots, 116 belladonna, 127 alcoholic, 127 bistort, 319 bittersweet, 193 black hellebore, 230 alcoholic, 230 broom, 371 buchu, 192 fluid, 192 buckbean, 278 butternut, 257 cabbage tree bark, 222 Canada fleabane, 197 cantharides, 142 ethereal, 143 cardamom, 148 carrot root, 148 cascarilla, 150 celandine, 157 centaury, 154 cevadilla, 355 chamomile, 104 ■ colchicum bulb, 170 acetic, 170 colocynth, 172 compound, 172 • columbo, 174 • contrayerva, 176 • cubebs, 184 alcoholic ethereal, 184 dandelion, 398 fluid, 39S elder berries, 359 elecampane, 250 ergot, 197 foxglove, 190 galls, 21S gentian, 220 ginger, ethereal, 416 guaiacum wood, 227 hardhack,387 hemlock, 175 alcoholic, 175 hemp, 141 ■ henbane, alcoholic, 24S ■aqueous, 248 hops, 232 horehound, 274 Indian hemp, 109 Extract of ipecacuanha, 253 jalap, 256 alkaline, 256 juniper, 257 lettuc watery, 263 liquorice, 223 lobelia, acetic, 268 logwood, 228 male fern, 214 marygold, 137 may apple, 318 mezereon, 279 myrrh, 286 nux vomica, 288 oak bark, 342 opinm, acetous, 295 alcoholic, 295 aqueo-alcoholic, 295 aqueous, 295 by fermentation, 296 denarcotized, 296 roasted, 296 vinous, 295 pareira brava, 307 paullinia, alcoholic, 307 pellitory, 341 Peruvian bark, 162 vinous, 162 pink-root, compound, i fluid, 386 — pipsissewa, 157 poison oak, 402 pomegranate root, 225 P°PPy heads, 306 ■ quassia, 341 rhatany, 259 rhubarb, 350 fluid, 350 rue, 355 sarsaparilla, 363 fluid, 363 scammony, 366 seneka, with squill, 372 senna, alcoholic, 373 fluid, 375 squill, 370 stramonium leaves, 388 ,388 succory, 160 tansy, 397 tobacco, 396 tormentil, 401 uva ursi, 404 valerian, 406 fluid, 406 vanilla, fluid, 407 wood sorrel, 67 wormwood, 65 Eyebright, 199 False sarsaparilla, 110 Fats, 460 Fecula of hemlock, 175 Fennel, 215 infusion, 215 oil, 215 ointment, 215 powder, compound, 215 water, 215 Fern, male, 214 bolus, 214 electuary, 214 extract, ethereal, 214 pills, 214 jelly, 214 ■ mixture, 214 GENERAL INDEX. 533 Fern, male, oil, 214 pills, 214 powder, 214 tincture, 214 Ferrocyanate of quinine, 343 zinc, 412 Ferrocyanuret of iron, 205 Figs, 213 coffee, 214 decoction, 213 — compound, 213 gargle, 213 paste, 214 Figwort, 371 oil, 371 ointment, 371 Filter, Boullay's, 452 Fixature, 101, 292 Fixed oils, 460 Flaxseed, 267 cataplasm, 267 clyster of oil, 267 infusion, 267 liniment of oil, 267 meal, cataplasm, 267 ■ compound, 257 mixture, 267 Fleabane, 197 Canada, 197 infusion, 197 extract, 197 infusion, 197 Flies, Spanish, 141 Florentine orris, 255 Flour, boiled, 418 buchu, 192 Fluid extract of pinkroot, 3S6 rhubarb, 350 sarsaparilla, 363 senna, 375 spigelia, compound, 386 valerian, 406 vanilla, 407 Flummery of oatmeal, 123 Fomentations, 46S Fomentation, arnica, 113 with rue, 113 aromatic, 353 carbonate of potassa, 332 common salt, 378 mustard, 377 nitric acid, 74 opium, 299 phosphoric acid, 75 sal ammoniac, 95 sulphate of zinc, 414 wine of opium, 301 Fowl, with rice, 419 Fowler's solution, 330 Foxglove, 190 bolus, 190 extract, 190 infusion, 190 mixture, expectorant, 191 with acetate of lead, 191 potassa, 191 tartaric acid, 191 ointment, 191 pills, 190 plaster, 191 1 powder, 190 syrup, 192 tincture, 191 ethereal, 191 mixture, 191 Frictions, 469 vinegar, 191 Frost-weed, 229 Frumenty, 420 Fuligokali, 216 ointment, 216 sulphuretted, 216 pills, 216 Fumigations, 472 Fumigation with belladonna, 127 Furniture of sick room, 48 Galbanum, 217 mixture, 217 pills, compound, 217 plaster, 217 compound, 217 purified, 217 tincture, 217 compound, 217 lie acid, 71 injection, 71 pills, 71 Galls, 218 extract, 218 ointment, 218 gargle, 218 infusion, 218 compound, 218 lotion, 218 ointment, 219 compound, 219 powder, compound, 218 syrup, 218 tincture, 218 Gamboge, 219 pills, compound, 219 powder, compound, 219 mixture, 219 with elatine, 219 solution, alkaline, 219 tincture, alkaline, 219 ammoniacal, 220 Gargle, acetate of ammonia, 92 lead, 315 alum, 88, 89 ammoniated copper, 187 borax, 380 carbonate of soda, 383 cayenne pepper, 145 chloride of soda, 383 chlorine, 158 cinnamon, tincture, 168 contrayerva, 117 cyanuret of mercury, 242 elder flowers, 359 figs, 213 galls, 218 iodine, 252 mercurial, 233 muriatic acid, 74 mustard, 377 myrrh, 287 nitrate of potassa, 336 oak bark, 342 orpiment, 114 Peruvian bark, 165 pomegranate rind, 225 sage, 359 scurvy grass, 169 subacetatc of lead, 314 sulphate of copper, 188 quinine, 347 114 tannic acid, 76 tormentil, 402 vinegar, 67 Garlic, 81 cataplasm, 81 534 Garlic, lotion, capillary, SI syrup, 81 Gelatine and Peruvian bark, 165 Gentian, 220 extract, 220 syrup, 221 infusion, 221 compound, 221 with rhubarb, 221 mixture, 221 GENERAL INDEX. ■ pills, compound, 220 with ammonia, 220 ■ powder, compound, 220 ■ syrup, 221 tincture, 221 acidulated, 221 alkaline, 221 ammoniacal, 221 compound, 221 mixture, 221 with sulphuric acid, 221 wine, 221 Gentianin, 222 pills, 222 syrup, 222 tincture, 222 German chamomile, 276 Ginger, 415 beer, 415, 420 essence, 416 extract, ethereal, 416 ■ syrup, 416 ■ tincture, 416 lozenges, 415 oil, 416 spice plaster, 416 syrup, 415 Glass, soluble, 337 Gloucester jelly, 417 Glycerin, 223 ointment, 223 Godfrey's cordial, 302 Gold, 120 ammoniated, 123 pills, 123 chl< , 120 bolus, 121 caustic, 121 collyrium, 121 ointment, 121 pills, 121 powder, 120 tincture, 121 with sodium, 121 lozenges, 121 ointment, 122 pills, 121 powder, 121 solution, 121 syrup, 121 ■ compound, 122 cyanide, 122 lozenges, 122 pills, 122 powder, 122 solution, 122 iodide, 122 ointment, 120 oxide, 122 — pills, 123 powder, 122 I'" ,-der, 120 with iron, 120 purple of Cassius, 123 syrup, 120 Golden sulphuret of antimony, 106 Goldthread, 179 Goldthread, infusion, 179 tincture, 179 Gondret's ointment, 93 Goulard's balsam, 315 Granulation, 447 Granules of digitalin, 192 Gravity, specific, 20 Grease balls, 361 Griffith's mixture, 202 Griffitt's pills, S4 Groat gruel, 123 Gruel, oatmeal, 123 Guaiacum, 226 decoction, 226 compound, 226 extract, 226 mixture, 227 with bittersweet, 227 oil, 227 compound, 227 pills with aloes, 227 — antimony, 227 sulphur, 227 turpentine, 227 powder, compound, 227 tincture, 227 ammoniated, 228 and camphor, 228 ■ copaiba, 228 mixture, odontalgic, 228 with henbane, 228 ■lozenges of, 66, 67 ■mixture of, 66, 67 • mucilage of, 66 ■paste of, 66 ■ syrup of, 66 compound, ' tincture of, 67 plaster, tragacanth, 402 Hair dye, 111 Hairy horehound, 124 decoction, 124 Hardback, 3S6 decoction, 387 extract, 387 Hartshorn, 180 burnt, 180 dentifrice, 180 jelly, 180 compound, 180 Hedge hyssop, 226 powd wine, :r, compound, 226 226 Hellebore, American, 409 black, 229 white, 408 Hemlock, 175 cataplasm, 176 collutory, 175 extract, 175 alcoholic, 175 fecula, 175 infusion, 175 mixture, 176 oil, 176 ointment, 175 pills with calomel, 175 dandelion, 175 ipecacuanha, 175 pitch, 312 plaster, 176 powder, 175 compound, 176 suppository, 176 GENERAL INDEX. 535 Hemlock, tincture, 175 ethereal, 175 Hemp, 141 emulsion, 141 extract, 141 resin, 141 tincture, 141 Indian, 109 Henbane, 248 extract, alcoholic, .248 aqueous, 24S infusion, 248 compound, 248 liniment, 249 mixture, 249 with antimony, 249 squill, 249 ointment, 249 compound, 249 pills, compound, 248 and ipecacuanha, 24S opium, 248 powder, compound, 248 tincture, 249 ethereal, 249 Hive syrup, 368 Hoffmann's anodyne, SO Holly, sea, 197 Honeys, 451 Honey, borax, 380 clarified, 276 ceromel, 276 hydromel, 276 mixture, expectorant, 276 oxymel, 276 pectoral, 276 prepared, 276 roses, 353 violets, 409 water, 276 Hooper's pills, S3 Hops, 232 cataplasm, 232 extract, 232 infusion, 232 mixture, 232 ointment, 232 tincture, 232 alkaline, 232 Horehound,274 candy, 275 decoction, compound, 274 extract, 274 hairy, 124 mixture, pectoral, 274 syrup, 274 Horse balm, 172 decoction, oil, 172 tincture, 172 172 chestnut, 247 decoction, 247 •compound, 247 extract, 247 powder, compound, 247 Horsemint, 279 liniment, 279 oil, 279 Horseradish, 112 cataplasm, compound, 112 infusion, 112 mixture, 112 spirit, compound, 112 Hot bath, 464 Hundred-leaved rose, 352 Hungary water, 354 Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 Hydriodate of ammonia, 94 Hydriodic acid, 72 Hydrocyanic acid, 71 extemporaneous, 71 injection, 72 julep, 72 lotion, 72 mixture, 72 syrup, 72 ether, SO Hydromel, 276 pectoral, 276 Hydrometers, 20 Hydrometrical equivalents, 26 Hydrosulphuric acid, 72 artificial sulphuretted water, 73 bath, hydrosulphuretted, 72 lotion, hydrosulphuretted, 73 powder against salivation, 72 Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, 326 Iceland moss, 156 cetrarine, 156 powder, 156 chocolate, 156 decoction, 156 jelly, 156 mixture, 156 Imperial, 339 measure, 16 Incompatible^, table of, 422 Indelible ink, 111 Indian hemp, 109 decoction, 109 extract, 109 ■ physic, 223 ■ sarsaparilla, 230 decoction, 231 infusion, 230 mixture, 230 syrup, 230 turnip, 115 Indigo, 250 electuary, 250 pills, 250 powder, 250 sulphate, 250 wild, 124 decoction, 124 ointment, 124 Infusions, 451 Infusion, American centaury, 356 columbo, 215 senna, 151 ■ arnmoniated copper, 1S7 angustura, 103 arnica, 113 compound, 113 benne, 377 bistort, 130 black purslane, 198 blessed thistle, 154 bloodroot, 360 boneset, 198 compound, 198 broom, 371 buchu, 192 compound, 192 buckbean, 278 burdock, 110 calamus, 133 camphor, 139 Canada fleabane, 197 cantharides, 142 caraway, 148 ■ carrot seeds, 148 536 Infusion, cascarilla, 150 alkaline, GENERAL INDEX. catechu, 153 compound, 153 catnep, 152 Cayenne pepper, 145 chamomile, 104 cherry laurel, 264 chiretta, 158 cinnamon, 167 cloves, 149 columbo, 174 with ginger, 174 rhubarb, 174 dandelion, 398 dittany, 185 elm bark, 403 ergot, 196 fennel, 215 flaxseed, 267 fleabane, 197 foxglove, 191 galls, 218 compound, 218 ■ gentian, 220 compound, 220 with rhubarb, 221 • goldthread, 179 ■ hemlock, 175 ■ henbane, 248 compound, 248 ■ hops, 232 ■ horseradish, 112 compound, 112 ■ Indian sarsaparilla, 230 ■ iron, bitter, 209 ■juniper, 257 compound, 257 ■ kino, 259 • linden flowers, 400 compound, 400 ■ lobelia, 268 ■ logwood, 228 ■ maidenhair, 79 ■malt, 272 ■ marygold, 137 ■ matico, 275 compound, 275 ■ mayweed, 181 - mint, 278 compound, 278 ■ mudar, 13S - orange peel, 119 ■compound, 119 pareira brava, parsley root, 30S pennyroyal, 229 persimmon bark, 193 Peruvian bark, 163 compound, 163 — with iron, 164 lime water, 163 magnesia, 163 serpentaria, 163 valerian, 163 pinkroot, 3S6 compound, 3S6 pleurisy root, 115 quassia, 341 compound, 341 red poppy, 352 rhatany, 259 rhubarb, 349 alkaline, 350 roses, acid, 353 safflower, 148 saffron, 183 Infusion, sage, 358 compound, 359 sarsaparilla, 362 alkaline, sassafras bark, 365 compound, 365 ■ savine, 357 seneka, 372 compound, 372 senna, 374 compound, 374 with buckthorn, 375 coffee, 374 lemon juice, 375 rhubarb, 375 tamarinds, 374 tincture of senna, 375 simaruba, 377 compound, 377 skunk cabbage, 193 slippery elm, 403 southern wood, 114 succory, 160 tamarind, 397 tansy, 397 tobacco, 396 tulip tree bark, 267 valerian, 405 compound, 405 Virginia snakeroot, 376 compound, 376 with ether, 377 yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 ild cherry bark, 340 ginger, 115 wormwood, 65 Inhalations, 462 Inhalation, balsam of tolu, 401 Injection, acetate of zinc, 413 alum, S9 ammonia, 91 carbonate of soda, 3S2 catechu, 153 caustic potassa, 329 chloride of zinc, 411 chlorinated lime, compound, 134 chlorine, 158 chloroplatinate of sodium, 313 copaiba, 178 corrosive sublimate, 238 cubebs, 184 detursive, 85 ergot, 197 gallic acid, 71 hydrocyanic acid, 72 iodide of iron, 208 potassium, 322 ioduretted, 324 kino, 259 morphia, 280 opium, 299 pyroligneous acid, 69 rhatany, 260 sedative, 306 soot, 216 stimulating, 2S7 subacetate of lead, 314 and lime water, 315 sulphate of copper, 1S8 iron, 211 zinc, 414 sulphuret of potassium, 327 tannic acid, 76 Ink, blue, 206 indelible, 111 without mordant, 111 writing, 206 GENERAL INDEX. 537 Inspissated juices, 448 Introduction, 9 Iodide of arsenic, 113 and mercury, 114 barium, 125 gold, 122 iron, 206 lead, 316 mercury, 242 red, 243 potassium, 321 silver, 110 starch, 102 sulphur, 395 zinc, 412 Iodine, 251 bath, 251 cataplasm, 252 clyster, 252 gargle, 252 liniment, 252 lotion, 251 mixture, 251 with iodide of potassium, 251 compound, 252 with mercury, 252 ; of tobacco, 252 pills, 251 plaster, 252 tincture, 251 compound, 251 ethereal, 251 Ipecacuanha, 252 bolus, 253 ■ confection, 254 ■ decoction, 254 • elixir, 255 extract, 253 ■ lozenges, 254 • mixture, 254 pills, compound, 254 ■ with centaury, 254 foxglove, 254 opium, 253 powder with antimony, 253 calomel, 253 carb. soda, 253 muriate ammonia, 253 myrrh, 253 nitre, 253 opium, 252 rhubarb, 253 tartar emetic, 253 tragacanth, 253 syrup, 254 compound, 254 wild, 198 wine, 255 alkaline, 255 compound, 255 with tartar emetic, 255 3tate, 200 and alum, 200 — tincture, alcoholic, 200 ethereal, 200 ited, 201 bolus, 201 mixture, 201 pills, 201 powder, compound, 201 tincture, 201 3,201 - ointment, 201 - pills, 201 Iron, bromide, 201 ointment, 202 pills, 201 carbonate, 202 artificial chalybeate water, 203 pills, 202 plaster, 203 saccharine, 202 subcarbonate, 202 mixture, 202 pills, comp., 203 powder, 202 wine, 203 ■ carburet, 203 electuary, 203 mixture, 204 ointment, 204 pills, 203 plaster, 204 powder, 203 prepared, 203 • chloride, 204 and acetate of lead, 204 mixture, 204 syrup, 204 tincture, 204 ethereal, 204 ■ citrate, 205 ammonio, 205 and quinine, 205 liquid, 205 syrup, 205 tincture, 205 wine, 205 aromatic, 205 ferrocyanuret, blue ink, mixture, 206 pills, 206 powder, 205 — - —— — - — compound, 205 Prussian blue, 205 filings, 199 gallate, 206 writing ink, 206 iodide, 206 bath, 208 injection, 208 lozenges, 206 mixture, 207 pills, 207 solution, 207 officinal, 207 syrup, 207 •and chloride of iron, . tincture, 207 wine, 207 lactate, 208 lozenges, 20S pills, 20S syrup, 20S malate, 208 bitter infusion, 209 mixture, 209 solution, 208 tincture, 209 metallic, prepared, 199 bolus, 200 ■ mixture, 200 pills, 200 powder, 200 compound, 200 nitrate, 209 solution, 209 oxide, black, 209 electuary, 210 pills, 210 powder, 209 538 Iron, oxide, hydrated, 209 red, 210 pills, 210 plaster, 210 persesquinitrate, 209 phosphate, 210 proto-iodide,207 pills, 207 syrup, 207 tincture, 207 sulphate, 210 dried, 211 injection, 211 mixture, 212 GENERAL INDEX. compound, 211 pills, 211 _ Bland's, 211 compound, 211 with rhubarb, 211 powder, 211 — solution, 211 syrup, 212 sulphuret, 212 tannate, 213 tartrate, and potassa, 212 powder, and columbo 212, effervescent, 212 solution, 212 tincture, compound, 213 wine, 212 compound, 212 ammonio, 213 solution, 213 valerianate, 213 Isinglass, 249 blanc mange, 420 ■ court plaster, 249 diamond cement, 250 470 Jalap, 255 electuary, 256 emulsion, 256 extract, 256 alkaline, 256 mixture, 257 — — — pills, compound, 256 with calomel, 256 powder, compound, 256 with calomel, 255 cremor tartar, 256 — — — ipecacuanha, 256 scammony, 256 resin, 256 soap, 257 tincture, 257 compound, 257 mixture, 257 Jamaica dogwood, 311 pepper, 309 tincture, 311 James's powder, 109 Jelly almond, 417 biscuit, 417 bread, 417 calves' foot, 418 carrageen, 160 chicken, 419 — — Gloucester, 417 hartshorn, ISO compound, ISO Iceland moss, 156 - male fern, 214 ■ orange leaves, 119 pectoral, 372 rice, 305 starch, 102 Jelly, tapioca, 397 Julep, alum, S9 hydrocyanic, 72 Juniper, 257 electuary, 25S extract, 257 infusion, 257 compound, 257 ■ liniment, 25S ■ mixture of oil, 25S ■ spirit, compound, 258 Kermes mineral, 105 Kermesine powder, 106 Kinate of cinchonia, 166 quinine, 344 Kino, 258 electuary, 259 infusion, 259 injection, 259 pills, compound, 259 powder, compound, 25S syrup, 259 tincture, 259 Labarraque's solution, 3S3 Lac, 262 bleached, 262 cement, 262 sealing wax, 262 solution, aqueous, 262 Lactate of iron, 208 quinine, 344 Lactic acid, 73 lemonade, 73 lozenges, 73 Lactucarium, 262 mixture, 262 pills, 262 — syrup, 262 tincture, 262 Ladies' bed straw, yellow, 218 infusion, 21S wine, 218 Lady Webster's pills, S3 Lancaster black drop, 300 Larkspur, 189 tincture, 1S9 Laudanum, 301 Smith's, 302 Swediaur's, 302 Sydenham's, 301 Laurel, 263 cherry, 264 oil, 263 ointment, 263 Lavender, 264 essence, compound, 265 ointment, 265 powder, compound, 264 spirit, 264 compound, 265 tincture, ethereal, 265 i-ater, 264 Lead, 313 acetate, 313 cataplasm, 315 cerate, 314 collyrium, 314 gargle, 315 Goulard's balsam, 315 liniment, 314 lotion, 315 mixture, 315 ointment, 314 pile, 314 paste, rubefacient, 314 GENERAL INDEX. 539 Lead, acetate, pills, 313 plaster, 314 powder, 313 carbonate, 316 ointment, 316 camphorated, 316 ; plaster, 316 powder, camphorated, 316 chloride, 316 lotion, 316 ointment, 316 iodide, 316 ointment, 317 pills, 317 powder, 317 litharge, 817 cataplasm, 317 cerate, 317 ointment, 317 Banyer's, 317 compound, 317 plaster, 317 Baynton's, 317 diapalma, 317 Gaulthier's, 317 red, 31S plaster, Nuremberg, 318 ■ saccharate, 318 nitro,318 solution, 318 subacetate, 313 • cataplasm, 314 - cerate, 315 collyrium, 314 gargle, 314 . Garland's vegeto-mineral water, 315 injection, 314 with lime, 315 liniment, 315 ointment, 315 plaster, 315 solution, 314 Leather wood, 193 Leeching, 477 Lemon, 265 collutory of juice, 205 Cologne water, 266 essence, 265 juice, artificial, 71 lozenges of juice, 265 oil, 265 spirit, 206 odoriferous, 266 syrup, 266 vinous of peel, 206 water of peel, 266,419 ■unparalleled, 267 Lemonade, 205 barberries, 129 compound, 265 dry, 71 lactic acid, 73 phosphoric acid, 75 ■ sulphuric acid, 7G ■ tartaric acid, 77 with sulphate of soda, 384 Lettuce, wild, 262 extract, 262 lactucarium, 202 — lozenges, 203 mixture, 262 pills, 262 ■ — ■ syrup, 262 tincture, 262 thridacc, 262 syrup, 262 Lettuce, extract, watery, 263 mixture, 263 powder, 263 mixture, with dandelion, 262 syrup, 263 tincture, 263 water, 263 mixture, 263 Lime, 135 carbonate, 136 dentifrice, 136 ■ electuary, 136 — — ^^— lozenges, 136 mixture, 137 compound, 137 powder, aromatic, 136 compound, 136 with opium, 136 precipitated, 136 prepared chalk, 136 oyster shells, 136 chlorinated, 134 collutory, 134 dentifrice, 134 injection, 134 liniment, 134 lozenges, 134 ointment, 134 preservative liquid, 134 liniment, with sulphur, 135 ointment, 136 phosphate, 137 electuary, dentifrice, 137 hartshorn, burnt, 137 powder, dentifrice, 137 water, 135 compound, 135 and carbonate of potassa, 135 milk, 135 Linctus, gum Arabic, 67 green, 100 opiate, 303 opium, 299 sulphur, 393 white, 101 liniment, 135 with alcohol, 135 oil, 135 opium, 135 sulphur, 135 mixture, antacid, 136 Linden, 400 infusion, 400 compound, 400 Liniments, 469 Liniment, acetate of mercury, 236 alum, 89 amber, oil of, 392 ammonia, 90 camphorated, 93 1 compound, 90 sulphuretted, 91 terebinthinate, 91 belladonna, 128 cajeputoil, 289 camphor, 140 compound, 140 ethereal, 140 turpentine, 141 with vinegar, 140 irides, 143 aromatic, 144 — — — soap, 143 stimulating, 144 with camphor, 143 carbonate of potassa, 332 chlorinated lime, 134 540 GENERAL INDEX. Liniment, chlorine, 159 chloroform, 159 — — — cod liver oil, 172 colchicum and camphor, 172 cosmetic, 101 croton oil, 294 Dippel's oil, 289 eggs, 305 flaxseed oil, 267 for chilblains, 285 milk abscess, 314 sore breasts, 136 garlic, 81 henbane, 249 horsemint, 279 iodide of potassium, 323 iodine, 252 juniper, 258 laudanum and lime water, 301 lime and sulphur, 136 water and alcohol, 136 oil, 136 136 opiur -- mercurial, compound, 235 opiated, 235 — mercury and chalk, 233 — muriatic acid, 74 — mustard, 378 — nitrate of mercury, 244 — nitric acid, 74 — opiate, 303 — opium, 298 with oil of chamomile, 29S — pellitory, 340 — phosphorated, 309 — sal ammoniac, 95 — spermaceti, 155 -- strychnine, 390 — subacetate of lead, 315 — succinate of ammonia, 97 — sulphate of quinine, 346 — sulphur and soap, 394 — sulphuret of calcium, 135 carbon, 395 sodium, 379 sulphuric acid, 76 tannate of lead, 318 tartar emetic, ammoniacal, 108 turpentine, 399 acetic, 293 oil, 293 opiated, 293 sulphuric, 293 veratrine, 40S verdigris, 186 Wilkinson's, 95 Lip salve, 155 Liquorice root, 223 extract, 223 refined, 223 lozenges, 224 with opium, 224 mixture, 224 paste, 224 syrup, 224 Lisbon diet drink, 363 Litharge, 317 Lithontriptics, 54 Liverwort, 231 Lobelia, 268 extract, acetic, infusion, 26S mixture, 268 syrup, 268 tincture, 268 , 26S vinegar, Logwood, 228 decoction, 228 extract, 228 electuary, 228 mixture, 228 infusion, 228 Long pepper, 310 cataplasm, 310 Lotions, 469 Lotion, anti-rheumatic, 389 Barlow's, 327 Bateman's, 23S capillary, 81 for burns, 129 chilblains, 292 hiccough, 94 toothache, 292 Granville's, 90 Goulard's, 100 hydrosulphuretted, 73 mammillary, 385 mercurial, 237 Saviard's, 329 of acetate of lead, 315 zinc, 413 aconitine, 78 almond, compound, 99 alum, S9 ammonia, 91 borax, 380 bromine, 130 carbonate of potassa, 332 soda, 382 Cayenne pepper, 145 cherry laurel water, 264 chlorate of soda, 383 chloride of lead, 316 zinc, 411 ■ copper, 188 corrosive sublimate, 237 and camphor, 23! copper, 238 cosmetic, 237 creasote, 182 cvanuret of potassium, 320 galls, 218 hydrocyanic acid, 72 iodide of potassium, compound, 324 iodine, 251 marygold, extract of, 137 muriatic acid, 74 mustard, 378 nitrate of potassa, 336 nitric acid, 74 nux vomica, 2S9 orpiment, 114 oxide of zinc, 411 Peruvian bark, 166 sal ammoniac, 95 sulphate of morphia, and borax, 283 potassium, 327 compound, 327 sodium, 379 zinc, 414 sulphuric ether, 80 tartar emetic, 108 and camphor, 10S corrosive sublimate, 108 tobacco, 396 veratrin, 40S verdigris, compound, 185 Lozenges, 462 of anise, 103 balsam of tolu, 400 bicarbonate of soda, 3S1 GENERAL INDEX. 541 Lozenges of borax, 380 catechu, 153 Cayenne pepper, 145 chalk, 136 charcoal, 146 chloride of gold and sodium, 121 chlorinated lime, 134 cinnamon, 167 citric acid, 71 croton oil, 294 cubebs, 184 extract, 1S4 emetine, 196 ginger, 415 gum, 66 iodide of iron, 206 potassium, 321 ipecacuanha, 254 and camphor, 254 kermes mineral, 106 lactate of iron, 208 lactic acid, 73 lactucarium, 263 lemon juice, 265 oil, 265 liquorice, 224 and opium, 224 manna, 273 marsh mallow, 86 - muriate of morphia, 282 and ipecacu- inha, — naphthaline, 258 — oxalate of potassa, — oxalic acid, 75 — paullinia, 307 — peliitory, 340 — peppermint, 277 — rose, 352 — starch, 102 — tartaric acid, 77 Tronchin's gum, 67 vanilla, 407 Wistar's, 224, 304 Lunar caustic, 111 Lupuline, 268 emulsion, 268 ointment, 269 pills, 268 powder, 268 syrup, 268 tincture, 268 Mace, 269 balsam, neurine, 269 — — drops, carminative, 269 tincture, 269 Maceration, 452 Mackenzie's solution, 111 Madar, 138 Madder, 354 decoction, 354 powder, compound, 354 Magnesia, 269 acetate, 270 carbonate, 270 carminative, Dalby's, 270 Dewees', 270 mixture, 270 with camphor, 270 colchicum,270 solution, 270 citrate, 271 solution, 271 water, 271 heavy, 269 mixture, 269 Magnesia, mixture, and gentian, 270 rhubarb, 270 phosphate, 272 powder, with orang.e peel, 269 rhubarb, 269 sulphur, 269 sulphate, 271 Cheltenham salts, 271 clyster, 271 mixture, with coffee, 271 : — nitric acid, 272 Rochelle salt, 271 sulphuric acid, 271 tartar emetic, 271 sulphuret, 272 ■ syrup, 272 Magnolia, 272 tincture, 272 Maidenhair, 79 infusion, 79 syrup, 79 compound, 79 Male fern, 214 bolus, 214 - electuary, 214 • extract, ethereal, 214 pills ■jelly, 214 • mixture, 214 -oil, 214 pills, 214 powder, 214 tincture of buds, 214 Mallow, common, 272 Malt, 272 clyster, 272 infusion, 272 Management of convalescence, 6 Manganese, 272 carbonate, 272 muriate, 272 pills, 272 oxide, 273 bolus, 273 ointment, 273 compound, 273 powder, 273 sulphate, 273 Manna, 273 emulsion, 273 lozenges, 273 mixture, 273 syrup, 273 Mannite, 274 Marsh mallow, 86 decoction, S6 lozenges, 86 ointment, 86 paste, 86 powder, 86 — syrup, 80 Marygold, 137 extract, 137 lotion, 137 pills, 137 infusion, 137 ointment, 138 Masterwort, 231 Mastic, 275 collutory, 275 dentifrice, 275 ' paste, anti-odontalgic, 275 tincture, ethereal, 275 varnish, crystal, 275 542 Mastic, varnish, picture, 275 Matico, 275 decoction, 275 infusion, 275 with senna, 275 ointment, 276 syrup, 275 ■ tincture, 275 May apple, 318 extract, 318 podophyllin, 318 Mayweed, 181 cataplasm, 1S1 infusion, 1S1 Meal, barley, 231 flaxseed, compound, 267 Measures, 15 approximative, 15 drops, 17 foreign, 19 French, 19 imperial, 15 wine, 15 Medicated waters, 455 Mellites, 451 Mercury, 232 — acetate, 235 liniment, 236 pills, 236 with opium, 236 GENERAL INDEX. solution, 236 ammoniated, 236 ointment, 236 i,233 and antimony, 232 chalk, 233 liniment, 233 with ipecacuar gum, 233 pills, with hemlock, 233 magnesia, 234 borate, 236 bromide, 236 bibromide, 236 protobromide, 236 solution, ethereal, 236 •calomel, 238 • cataplasm, 235 • cerate, 235 compound, 235 corrosive sublimate, 237 ■ cyanuret, 241 gargle, 242 ointment, 242 pills, compound, 241 solution, 241 tincture, compound, 242 gargle, 233 iodide, 242 ointment, 242 pills, 242 compound, 242 powder, 242 red, 243 ointment, 243 pills, 243 tincture, 243 ethereal, 243 liniment, compound, 235 opiated, 235 lotion, 233 mixture, 234 mucilage, 232 nitrate, 243 liniment, 244 ointment, 243 with lead, 244 pills, 243 Mercury, nitrate, protoxide, 243 ointment, 234 ■ camphorated, 235 compound, 235 with belladonna, 235 oxide, black, 244 wash, 244 ointment, 244 pills, 244 red, 244 ointment, 244 brown, 245 with cinnabar, 245 lead, 245 sulphur, 245 tin, 245 pills, 244 powder, 244 — zinc, 245 phosphate, 245 pills, 245 pills, 234 Abernethy's, 234 and antimony, 233 colocynth, 234 jalap, 234 quinine, 234 ■compound, 234 rhubarb, 234 compound, 234 plaster, 235 •with belladonna, 235 powder, compound, 232 purified, 232 sulphate, 245 ointment, 246 ^— — powder, compound, 245 yellow, 245 sulphuret, black, 246 — pills, 246 powder, 246 1,246 - cerate, 247 - ointment, 247 - pills, 246 ■ powder, 246 fumigating, 247 tartrate, 247 and potassa, 247 Method of displacement, 452 Mezereon, 278 decoction, 278 compound, 27£ extract, 279 oil, 279 ointment, 279 anodyne, 99 arrowroot, 274 artificial, 99 asses', 420 goats', 261 cement, parolic, 261 chocolate, 420 coffee, 420 mixture, with suet, 261 soda water, 261 powder, 261 roses, 99, 129 sago, 358 sugar of, 261 draught, 261 with gum Arabic, 261 Iceland moss, 261 syrup, 261 vanilla, 407 whey alum, GENERAL INDEX. 543 Milk whey, aromatic, 261 cremor tartar, 260 mustard, 260 simple, 260 tamarind, 260 vinegar, 260 wine, 261 Mineral, Kermes, 105 Mint, 277 Mixture, acetate of ammonia, 92 lead, 315 morphia, 281 potassa, 320 acetic ether, 79 aconite, 78 American hellebore, 409 ammonia, 91 and ether, 91 ammoniac, 97, 9S and nitric acid, 98 compound, 9S ammoniated alcohol, 94 iron, 201 angustura, 103 anisated ammoniated alcohol, 94 aniseed, 104 antacid, 136 anthelmintic, 308 anti-emetic, 153, 382 anti-epileptic, 111 anti-otitic, 299 antimonial wine and ammoniac, 109 bittersweet, 109 laudanum, 109 anodyne, Vicat's, 94 — arseniate of potassa, 330 — asparagus, diuretic, 116 — assafetida, 117 and oxymel of s tolu, 117 compound, 118 prills, 117 avens, 223 balsam of Peru, 285 tolu, 401 and almond emulsion, 401 belladonna, 401 copaiba, 401 morphia, 401 opium, 401 — belladonna, 128 — benzoic acid, 70 — bicarbonate of potassa, 334 — - bichloride of platina, 313 — biniodide of potassium, 324 — bistort, 319 — bitartrate of potassa, 339 — bittersweet, 194 — black drop, 301 hellebore, 230 — boracic acid, 70 — borax, 381 — borotartrate of potassa, 331 and — brown, 224, 303 — buckbean, 278 diuretic, 278 — butter of cocoa, 132 magnesia, 331 cabbage tree bark, 222 camphor, 139 and chloroform, 140 ether, 140 water, 140 carbonate of ammonia, 93 ind ginger, 93 potc Mixture, carbonate of magnesia and camphor, 270 colchicum, 270 :a, 332 ind chamomile, 382 copaiba, 382 gentian, 382 ipecacuanha, 382 quassia, 382 carburet of iron, 204 carminative, 277 carrageen, 160 cascarilla, 150 cassia pulp, 150 castor oil and ether, 192 catechu and logwood, 153 caustic potassa, 329 celandine, 157 centaury, 154 chalk, 137 compound, 137 chamomile, 104 cherry laurel water, 264 chloride of barium, 125 - calcium, 134 iron, 204 chlorine, 159 citrate of potassa and Peruvian bark, 335 cochineal and carbonate of potassa, 169 common salt, 169 cod liver oil, 290 colchicum, 171 and elaterium, 171 magnesia, 171 sulphate of magnesia,171 tincture, 171 with foxglove, 171 vinegar, 172 with squills colocynth, 173 tincture, 173 columbo, 174 and cascarilla, 174 •salep, 174 magnesia, 270 — common salt and lemon juice, 379 -— contrayerva, 177 — copaiba, 178 — corrosive sublimate, 237 — creasote, 181 -- croton oil, 294 — cubebs, 184 oil and copaiba, 185 — cyanuret of potassium, 320 — dandelion, 398 — Dippel's oil, 289 — diuretic, 308 — eggs, 305 and brandy, 305 wine, 305 — elaterium, 194 — elder, 359 — elecampane, 250 — emetine, 195 — ergot, 196 extract, 197 — errhine, 103 — expectorant, 276 -- ferrocyanide of quinine, 343 zinc, 412 — flaxseed, 267 — foxglove and acetate potassa, 191 tartaric acid, 191 expectorant, 191 tincture, 191 galbanum, 217 gamboge, 219 and elatine, 219 544 Mixture, gentian, 221 and sulphuric acid, 221 tincture, 221 guaiacum, 227 and bittersweet, 227 camphor, 22S copaiba, 22S henbane, 228 GENERAL INDEX. odontalgic, 228 gum Arabic, 66 Wendt's, 67 hemlock and paregoric, 176 henbane, 249 and antimony, 249 •squill, 249 hops, 232 horseradish, 112 hydrocyanic acid, 72 hyponitrous ether, SO Iceland moss, 156 Indian sarsaparilla, 230 iodide of iron, 207 and chloride, syrup of, 20S potassium, 322 and sarsaparilla, 322 iodine and iodide of potassium, 251 ipecacuanha, 254 iron, aromatic, 200 compound, 211 jalap, 257 tincture, 257 Kermes mineral, 106 lactate of quinine, 364 lactucarium, 262 extract, 263 water, 263 idanum and asarabacca, 302 soap, 302 tartar emetic, 304 lettuce and dandelion, 262 liquorice, 224 lobelia, 268 logwood, extract, 228 magnesia, 268 and gentian, 270 rhubarb, 270 malate of iron, 209 male fern, 214 manna, 273 mercurial 234 milk and suet, 261 monesia, 279 muriate of morphia, 282 quinine, 244 muriatic ether, 80 myrrh, compound, 2S7 Griffith's, 287 narcotine, 288 neutral, 334 compound, 335 nitrate of ammonia, 96 potassa, 336 nitric acid, 74 nux vomica, 2S9 odontalgic, 149 oil of almonds, 101 amber, 392 anise, 104 cajeput, 2S9 juniper, 258 mole plant, 199 valerian, 406 — oleaginous, 291 — olive oil, 291 — opium and cinnamon water, 300 lime water, 300 syrup of poppies, 300 Mixture, pectoral, 274 Peruvian bark, 161, 166 phosphate of soda, 3S4 pomegranate root, extract, 225 Prussian blue, 206 quince seed, 1S9 rhatany, 260 rhubarb, 351 rue, 355 scammony, 366 sedative, 301, 306 semen contra, 115 seneka, 372 senna, 375 soot, 216 spermaceti, 155 squill, syrup, 369 extract, and rhubarb, 369 oxymel and ammoniac, 370 ipecacuanha, 370 marsh mallow, 370 valerian, 369 vinegar, 370 and ammoniac, 370 starch and suet, \0'2 stramonium, 3SS strychnine, 390 subcarbonate of iron, 202 succinate of ammonia, 96 sugar of milk and gum Arabic, 261 Iceland moss, 261 sulphate of iron, 212 magnesia and coffee, 271 nitric acid, 272 Rochelle salt, 271 sulphuric acid, 271 tartar emetic, 271 morphia, 283 potassa, 337 quinine, 346 and coffee, 346 zinc, 415 sulphur, 394 sulphuret of antimony, 106 and lime, 106 carbon, 395 potassium, 328 sodium, 379 sulphuric ether and camphor, 81 turpentine, 87 sweet spirit of nitre, SO tannic acid, 76 tartarized soda, 3S5 tartrate of potassa, 338 and ammonia, 339 tobacco, 396 turpentine, 403 oil, 292 and ether, 293 uva ursi, 404 valerian and ammonia, 405 Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 vinegar, 67 and cardamoms, 67 Virginia snakeroot, acetated, 376 and allspice, 376 wine of opium, 301 wormseed oil, 157 Mode of administration of medicine, 47 Molasses beer, 420 posset, 419 Mole plant, 19S mixture of oil, 199 Monesia, 279 GENERAL INDEX. 545 Monesia, mixture, 279 ointment, 280 purified, 279 syrup, 279 compound, 279 tincture, 279 Monkshood, 17 Morphia, 280 acetate, 280 bolus, 281 clyster, 281 — — — — — — — — mixture, 281 ointment, 2S1 pills, 281 powder, compound, 281 solution, 281 alcoholic, 281 bimeconate, 281 solution, 281 citrate, 2S1 draught, 280 hydriodate, 282 injection, 280 muriate, 282 lozenges, 282 and ipecacuanha,!! • mixture, 282 solution, 282 syrup, 282 compound, 282 nitrate, 28 pills, 280 phosphate, 282 sulphate, 282 bolus, 282 lotion, 283 mixture, 283 pills, 282 solution, 283 syrup, 283 tartrate, 283 Mucilage, gum Arabic, 66 mercurial, 233 rice, 304 salep, 417 sassafras pith, 365 — starch, 101 tragacanth, 402 Mudar, 138 infusion, 138 oil, 138 pills, 138 Mulberries, 280 syrup, 280 root, 280 Mulled wine, 419 Muriate of ammonia, 95 cinchonine, 104 manganese, 272 morphia, 282 narcotine, 288 opium, 300 quinine, 166 Muriatic acid, 73 ■ bath of, 74 diluted, 73 draught, 74 gargle, 74 gaseous, 73 liniment, 74 lotion, 74 pediluvium, 74 Musk, 283 artificial, 391 emulsion, 392 tincture, 391 Musk, clyster, 284 mixture, 284 pills, 283 ■ powder, 283 tincture, 284 Mustard, 377 cataplasm, 377 compound, 377 fomentation, 377 foot-bath, 377 gargle, 377 liniment, 37S lotion, 378 oil, 378 tincture, 378 ointment, 378 compound, 378 whey, 377 Mutton tea, 418 broth, 419 Myrrh, 286 collutory, 286 extract, compound, 286 gargle, 287 injection, 287 mixture, compound, 287 Griffith's, 287 oil, 287 pills and Canada balsam, 286 squill, 286 sulphate of iron, 286 zinc, 286 plaster, 287 powder, emmenagogue, 286 and ipecacuanha, 286 solution, alkaline, 286 tincture, 287 and hellebore, 287 Naphthaline, 287 lozenges, 288 ointment, 287 syrup, 287 Narcotics, 61 Narcotine, 288 bolus, 288 mixture, 2S8 muriate, 288 Neutral mixture, 334 New Jersey tea, 154 decoction, 154 35 3, 283 Nicotina, 396 Nitrate of camphor, 141 ■ potassa, 335 quinine, 344 silver, 111 veratrine, 40S Nitre, 335 sweet spirit, 79 Nitric acid, 74 collutory, 74 diluted, 74 fomentation, 74 liniment, 74 lotion, 74 i mixture, 74 ointment, 74 Nitro-muriatic acid, 75 bath, 75 Nutmeg, 284 clyster, 284 powder, anti-hectic, 284 aromatic, 284 • spirit, 285 compound, 285 Nux vomica, 288 extract, 288 546 Nux vomica, extract, pills, 289 lotion, 289 mixture, 289 pills, 289 and aloes, 289 compound, 2S9 GENERAL INDEX. powder, 288 tincture, 289 compound, 289 Oak bark, 341 — — acorn coffee, 342 cataplasm, 342 confection, 342 decoction, 342 extract, 342 gargle, 342 powder, compound, 342 Oat, 123 cataplasm, 124 decoction, 123 flummery, 123 gruel, groat, 123 powder for cataplasm, 124 Oatmeal gruel, 123 Observations on management in the sick room. 45 Officinal preparations and directions, 44G Oil of almond, 100 bitter, 100 amber, 391 purified, 391 benzoin, 129 black pepper, resinous, 310 volatile, 310 box, 131 cajeput, 289 cantharides, 143 • carraway, 149 castor, 291 • chlorine, 159 • cinnamon, 168 cloves, 149 ■ cod liver, 290 ■ copaiba, 179 • croton, 293 ■ cubebs, 185 ■ dittany, 185 ■ eggs, 305 ■ elaterium, 195 ■ergot, 197 ■ euphorbium, 199 ■ fennel, 215 ■ fig wort, 371 ■ ginger, 416 ■ guaiacum, 227 compound, 227 • hedge hyssop, 226 • hemlock, 176 - horsebean, 172 - horsemint, 279 - laurel, 263 - macassar, 214 - male fern, 214 - mezereon, green, 279 - mudar, 138 - mustard, 378 - myrrh, 287 - olive, 290 - orange flowers, 120 - parsley, 308 - partridge berry, 220 - pennyroyal, 229 - peppermint, 277 - rose, 352 - rosemary, 354 - roses, 352 Oil of sassafras, 365 savine, 357 scammony, 366 soot, 216 stramonium, 389 tansy, 397 tobacco, 396 turpentine, 292 and ether, 293 honey, 292 clyster, 293 emulsion, 292 liniment, 293 acetic, 293 opiated, 293 sulphuric, 293 lotion, 292 for toothache, 292 ■ mixture, 292 • phosphorated, 309 • purified, 292 • soap, Starkev's, 293 • wine, 293 valerian, 4UD violets, 409 wormseed, 157 wormwood, 65 essential, 65 British, 307 Dippel's, 289 distilled, 456 essential, 556 fixed, 460 phosphorated, 308 volatile, 456 Ointments, 471 Ointment, aconitine, 78 ammoniacal, 93 Anglo-Saxon, 90 anodyne, 299 arsenical, 69 Banyer's, 317 basilicon, 348 camphor, 140 Egyptian, 186 for chilblains, 90 issue, 144 itch, 362 udanum, 303 mercurial, 234 camphorated 235 compound, 235 and belladonna, 235 • naphthaline, 287 ■ phosphorated, 309 ■ pile, 90, 314 • Rust's, 90 ■ saffron, 1S3 ■ savine, 357 ■soot, 216 compound, 216 - spermaceti, 155 - and rose water, 155 sulphuric acid, 76 sultana, 155 of acetate of lead, 314 morphia, 281 aconite, 78 ammoniated, 7S ■ aloes, S6 ■ Americau hellebore, 409 -Gondret's, 93 - ammoniated copper, 187 ■ animal charcoal, 146 - arseniate of iron, 201 ■ azedarach, 124 - balsam of Peru, 286 GENERAL INDEX. 547 Ointment of balsam of Peru, compound, 2S6 belladonna, 12S ■ bichloride of platina, 313 biniodide of potassium, 325 ■ and opium, 325 black hellebore, 230 oxide of mercury, 244 pepper, 310 pitch, 312 borax, 381 bromide of iron, 202 potassium, 319 compound, 319 calomel, 241 and acetate of copper, 241 alum, 241 camphor, 241 squill, 241 cantharides, 143 carbonate of ammonia, 93 lead, 316 camphorated, 316 potassa, 333 soda, 382 carburet of iron, 204 carrot, 148 cevadilla, 356 extract, 356 charcoal, 146 cherry laurel, 264 chloride of antimony, 145 gold, 121 and sodium, 122 lead, 316 chlorinated lime, 134 ■ chlorine, 159 ■ cocculus indicus, 16S ■ cod liver oil, 290 compound, 290 common salt, 379 compound, 379 ■ creasote, 182 compound, 182 • croton oil, 295 • cyanide of silver, 110 ■ cyanuret of mercury, 242 potassium, 321 • delphinia, 189 • elder flowers, 359 leaves, 359 • elemi, 195 • fennel, 215 ■ figwort, 371 foxglove, 191 ■ fuligokali,216 galls, 219 compound, 219 extract, 218 ■ glycerin, 223 gold, 120 • hemlock, 175 . henbane, 249; compound, 249 • hops, 232 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 hydriodate of ammonia, 94 iodide of arsenic, 113 barium, 125 carbon, 147 iron, 208 lead, 317 mercury, 242 potassium, 322 and opium, 322 mercury ,323 morphia, 323 silver, 111 Ointment of iodide of sulphur, 395 zinc, 413 iodine, 252 compound, 252 with mercury, 252 oil of tobacco, 252 laurel, 263 lavender, 265 lead, 317 compound, 317 lime, 136 lupulin, 269 marygold, 138 marsh mallow, 86 mezereon, 279 monesia, 280 mustard, 378 compound, 378 nitrate of bismuth, 130 mercury, 243 silver, 112 compound, 112 •strychnine, 391 nitric acid, 74 opium and tar, 299 oxide of manganese, 273 and sulphur, 273 silver, 111 petroleum, 307 picrotoxin, 168 poke, 309 Prussian blue, 206 red iodide of mercury, 243 oxide of mercury, 244 and basilicon, 245 cinnabar, 245 lead, 245 sulphur, 245 tin, 245 zinc, 245 sulphuret of mercury, 247, rhatany, compound, 260 • rose water, 352 squill, 370 compound, 370 • stavesacre, 388 stramonium, 3S9 strychnine, 390 subacetate of lead, 315 sulphate of cadmium, 133 copper, 188 mercury, 246 quinine, 347 sulphur, 394 and camphor, 394 soap, 394 zinc, 394 compound, 394 Iphuret of antimony, 105 potassium, 328 sodium, 379 tannate of lead, 318 tannic acid, 76 tar, 312 compound, 312 tartar emetic, 108 compound, 108 tin, 387 tobacco, 396 turpentine, 399 compound, 399 3ratrin, 408 and iodine, 40S opium, 408 verdigris, 186 white hellebore, 409 compound, 409' 548 GENERAL INDEX. Ointment of white precipitate, 236 wild indigo, 124 willow leaves, 35S zinc, oxide, 411 and calomel, 411 lycopodium, 411 opium, 411 Olive oil, 290 clyster, 291 mixture, 291 Opiate, anti-dysenteric, 29S Opium, 295 balsam, 29S cerate, 299 clyster, 299 collyrium, 299 confection, 298 draught, anodyne, 303 drops, 298 elixir, Lettsom's, 303 extract, acetous, 295 alcoholic, 295 aqueous, 295 aqueo-alcoholic, 295 denarcotized, 296 fermented, 296 roasted, 296 Godfrey's cordial, 302 fomentation, 299 injection, 299 linctus, 299, 303 liniment, 298 with oil of chamomile, 29S lozenges, Wistar's, 304 mass, anti-odontalgic, 298 mixture, anti-otitic, 299 brown cough, 303 with cinnamon water, 300 lime water, 300 syrup of poppies, 300 — sedative, 301 Opium tincture and soap, 302 tartar emetic, 304 Bateman's, 302 Battley's, 302 camphorated, 302 clyster, 303 compound, 302 liniment, 303 and lime water, 303 ointment, 303 Smith's, 302 ■ succinated, 302 ■ Swediaur's, 302 • Warner's, 303 ■Guy's hospital, 3( Houlton's, 300 ■ Lancaster, 300 -mixture, 301 vinegar, or black drop, 300 Porter's, 301 Rousseau's, 300 water, 300 wine, '301 collyrium, 301 drops, odontalgic, 301 fomentation, 301 mixture, 301 Sydenham's, 301 Opodeldoc, liquid, 91 Steer' 91 Opoponax, 304 emulsion, 304 tincture, 304 compound, muriate, 300 ointment, 299 and tar 299 pills, 296 aromatic, 297 -- with acetate of lead, 297 mercury, 297 Orange, IIS flowers, 120 confection, 120 oil, 120 pastilles, 120 syrup, 120 water, 120 leaves, 119 electuarv, 119 jelly, 119 ant'mony, 296 butter of cocoa, 297 camphor, 297 castor, 297 foxglove, 297 hemlock, 297 and henbane, 296 liquorice, 297 musk, 297 nitrate of silver, 297 sulphate of zinc, 297 sulphuret antimony, 297 plaster, 298 with camphor, 298 powder, compound, with chalk, 296 roasted, 296 with antimony, 296 camphor, 296 musk, 296 nitre, 296 sulphur, 296 suppository, 299 syrup, 299 succinated, 299 tincture, 301 acetated, 301 ammoniated, 302 and asarabacca, 302 peel, 119 confection, 119 electuary, 119 elixir, 119 infusion, 119 compound, 119 powder, with rhubarb, 119 spirit, 119 syrup, 119 tincture, 119 Orgeat, syrup ot, 99 Origanum, 304 Orpiment, 114 gargle, 114 lotion, 114 powder, 114 Orris root, 255 dentifrice, 255 Oxalic acid, 75 ozenges, ir> Oxide, antimonv, nitro-muriatic, 105 gold, 122 manganese, 273 silver, 111 zinc, 410 Oxymel,276 bitartrate of potassa, 339 colchicum, 171 elecampane, compound, 250 squill, 370 Oyster-shell, prepared, 136 Panada, 417 GENERAL INDEX. 549 Panada, chicken, 419 Paregoric elixir, 302 Pareira brava, 306 decoction, 307 extract, 307 infusion, 306 tincture, 307 Parsley, 308 infusion of, 308 oil of, 308 Partridge-berry, 220 oil, 220 water, 220 Pastes, 462 Paste, almond, 99 chloride of zinc, 411 cocoa, compound, 132 copaiba, 179 de guimauve, 66 fig, 214 — — liquorice, 224 marshmallow, 86 — odontalgic, 275 pectoral, of gum Arabic, 66 phosphorus, 309 tragacanth, 402 rubefacient, 314 Ward's, 310 Pastilles, catechu, 153 fumigating, 128 orange flowers, 120 purgative, 366 vinegar, 67 Paullinia, 307 chocolate, 307 extract, alcoholic, 307 lozenges, 307 pills, 307 syrup, 307 Pediluvium, mustard, 377 muriatic acid, 74 Pellitory, 340 extract, 340 liniment, 340 lozenges, 340 plaster, 340 tincture, 340 compound, 340 Pennyroyal, 229 infusion, 229 oil, 229 Pepper, black, 310 cubebs, 183 Jamaica, 310 white, 310 Peppermint, 277 essence, 277 lozenges, 277 mixture, 277 oil, 277 Persimmon, 193 infusion of bark, 193 wine of fruit, 193 Persulphate of mercury, 245 Peruvian bark, 160 beer, 165 cataplasm, 165 cerate, 165 clyster, 165 decoction, 162 compound, 163 mixture, 163 with cascarilla, 103 rhatany, 163 -- electuary, 164 astringent, 164 with catechu, 164 Peruvian bark, electuary, with cloves, 164 iron, 164 sulphur, 164 tin, 164 extract, 162 bolus, 162 pills, 162 vinous, 162 — gargle, 165 — gelatine, 165 — infusion, 163 compound, 164 with iron, 164 with limewater, 163 magnesia, 163 snakeroot, 163 valerian, 163 lotion, 165 mixture, 161 , 166 pomatum, 165 powder, compound, 160 dentifrice, 161 with arnica, 161 camphor, 161 cascarilla, 161 isinglass, 161 valerian, 161 syrup, 166 compound, 165 — tincture, 164 compound, 164 with ammonia, 165 cantharides, 165 gentian, 165 snakeroot, 165 ■ valerian, 164 wine, 166 and calamus, 166 iron, 166 Petroleum, 307 anthelmintic mixture, 308 British oil, 307 diuretic mixture, 30S embrocation, 307 ointment, 307 plaster, 308 Pharmaceutical names, table of, 433 Phloridzine, 30S powder of, 308 Phosphate of ammonia, 96 iron, 210 lime, 137 mercury, 245 quinine, 344 soda, 384 Phosphoric acid, 75 diluted, 75 fomentation, 75 lemonade, 75 pills, 75 tincture of myrrh, 75 Phosphorated ether, 308 liniment, 309 oil, 30S — turpentine, 309 Phosphorus, 30S — cerate, 309 paste, 309 Picrotoxin, 168 Pills, 447 Abernethy's, 234 — acetate of copper, 185 lead, 313 mercury, 236 nd opium, 236 morphia, 281 550 Pills, acetate of potassa, compound, 329 soda, compound, 379 aconite, extract, 77 agaric and opium, 134 aloes, 82 and assafetida, 82 blue mass, 84 iron, 82 myrrh, 82 rhubarb, 84 Anderson's, S3 GENERAL INDEX. antichlorotic, 83 aperient, S4 Barthez's, S4 Bicker's, 84 Chapman's, 82 compound, 82 Duchesne's, 83 Frank's, 84 Fuller's, S3 Griffitts', 84 James's analeptic, S3 Hooper's, 83, 211 Lady Webster's, 83 Mitchell's, 82 Morrison's, 83 Peters', S3 Pitschaft's eccoprotic, 84 Rufus', 82 Speediman's, 83, 349 splenitic, 83 Wbytt's, 84 alum, 88 and benzoin, S8 astringent, 88 American hellebore, 409 ammoniac, 97 and rhubarb, 97 compound, 97 De Haen's, 97 Klein's, 97 ammoniated copper, 1S7 compound, 1S7 gold, 123 iron, 201 anemone, 102 antimonial powder and calomel, 109 arseniate of iron, 201 arsenic and opium, 70 pepper, 69 arsenical, 69 assafetida, 116 and aloes, 4S lactucarium, 116 iron, 117 musk, 117 opium, 117 Bacher's, balsam of Peru, 285 belladonna, compound, 127 bichloride of platina, 313 bittersweet, extract, 194 black hellebore, 229 extract of, 230 black oxide of mercury, 244 Bland's antichlorotic, 211 bloodroot, 360 blue, or mercurial, 234 and colocynth, 234 jalap, 234 quinine, 234 rhubarb, 234 compound, 234 borotartrate of potassa, compound, 331 bromide of iron, 201 brucia, 131 buckbean, compound, 278 Pills, calomel, 239 and acetate of lead, 239 antimony, 240 catechu, 240 colocynth, 240 dandelion, 240 guaiacum, 240 iron, 240 jalap, 240 opium, 240 quinine, 239 squill, 240 camphor, 11 compound, 240 compound, 13S and lactucarium, 138 musk, 138 cantharides and capsicum, 142 iron, 142 carbonate of ammonia, 93 iron, 202 compound, 203 soda, 381 carburet of iron, 203 castor, 151 and succinic acid, 151 catechu and alum, 152 liquorice, 152 cathartic, compound, 240 Cayenne pepper, 145 celandine, 157 centaury, extract, 154 chamomile, compound, 144 chloride of barium, 125 calcium, 134 gold, 121 and sodium, 121 mercury and quinine, 241, 343 silver and ammonia, 110 colchicum, 170 compound, 170 colocynth, compound, 173 and henbane, 173 columbo, compound, 174 copaiba, 177 and cubebs, 177 and turpentine, 178 corrosive sublimate, 237 compound, 237 creasote, 181 croton oil, 293 compound, 294 and blue mass, 294 quinine, 294 cyanide of gold, 122 zinc, 412 cyanuret of mercury, compound, 241 potassium, 320 dandelion, 39S and blue mass, digitalin, 192 dogwood, round-leaved, 181 elaterium, 194 elecampane, compound, 250 ergot, extract of, 197 compound, 197 ferrocyanate of quinine, 343 zinc, compound, 412 foxglove, 190 fuligokali, sulphuretted, 216 galbanum, compound, 217 gallic acid, 71 gamboge, compound, 219 gentian, compound, 220 and ammonia, 220 gentianin, 222 GENERAL INDEX. 551 Pills, guaiacum and aloes, 227 antimony, 227 sulphur, 227 turpentine, 227 hemlock and calomel, 175 dandelion, 175 ipecacuanha, 175 henbane, compound, 24S and ipecacuanha, 248 opium, 248 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 iodide of arsenic, 113 calcium, 135 iron, 207 lead, 317 mercury, 242 compound, 242 potassium, 321 iodine, 251 indigo, 250 ipecacuanha and centaury, 254 foxglove, 254 • opium, 253 compound, 254 iron, prepared, 200 jalap and calomel, 256 compound, 256 Keyser's, 236 kinate of quinine, 344 ■ kino, compound, 259 lactate of iron, 208 quinine, 344 lactucarium, 262 Lockstadt's, 101 lupulin, 268 male fern, extract, 214 oil, 214 marygold, extract, 137 mercury and antimony, 233 gum, with hemlock, 233 morphia, 2S0 mudar, 138 muriate of manganese, 272 musk, 283 myrrh and Canada balsam, 286 squill, 286 sulphate of iron, 286 zinc, 286 nitrate of bismuth, 130 potassa, 335 and camphor, 335 nux vomica, 289 and aloes, 289 compound, 289 extract, 289 compound, 289 opium, 296 and acetate of lead, 297 mercury, 297 butter of cacao, 297 — ■ camphor, 297 castor, 297 foxglove, 297 hemlock, 297 henbane, 296 liquorice, 297 musk, 297 nitrate of silver, 297 sulphate of zinc, 297 sulphurct antimony, 297 aromatic, 297 oxide, black, of iron, 210 gold, 123 red, of iron, 210 — — zinc, 410 compound, 410 Pills, paullinia, 307 Peruvian bark, extract, 162 phosphate of mercury, 245 phosphoric acid, 75 piperine, 311 and mercury, 311 pipsissewa, 158 Plummer's, 240 poison oak, 402 proto-nitrate of iron, 207 mercury, 243 1 Prussian blue, 206 red iodide of mercury, 243 oxide of mercury, 244 rhatany, 259 rhubarb, 349 compound, 349 and caraway, 349 — — chamomile, 349 ipecacuanha, 349 ox-gall, 349 soda, 349 saffron, 183 sagapenum, compound, 357 ■ salicine, 358 compound, 358 savine, 356 scammony, 366 — and ox-gall, 366 compound, 366 seneka, 371 senna, 373 soap, 361 and ox-gall, 361 compound, 361 soda and ipecacuanha, 381 rhubarb, 381 soot, 215 squill and ammoniac, 367 calomel, 367 croton oil, 367 ipecacuanha, 367 henbane, 368 compound, 368 stimulant, 390 storax, 389 stramonium, 3S8 compound, 388 strychnine, 390 compound, 390 sulphate of cinchonia, 166 copper, 187 and opium, 1S7 compound, 1SS iron, 211 and rhubarb, 211 compound, 211 morphia, 282 potassa, 337 quinine, 345 compound, 346 with gentian, 346 soda, compound, 3S4 zinc, 414 compound, 414 with myrrh, 414 turpentine, 414 f antimony, 105 and lime, 106 calcium, compound, 135 mercury, black, 246 red, 246 tannic acid, 76 potassium, 326 and charcoal, 326 compound, 326 tin, compound, 388 552 Pills, tannic acid, and opium, 76 tansy, 397 tar, 392 tartar emetic and camphor, 107 guaiacum, 107 opium, 107 tobacco, 396 turpentine, 399 and guaiacum, 399 jalap, 399 magnesia, 399 myrrh, 399 ■ rhubarb, 399 valerian, compound, 405 valerianate of zinc, 415 veratrin, 407 and henbane, 408 GENERAL INDEX. Virginia snakeroot, compound, 376 Pink, 190 syrup, 190 Pinkroot, 386 and calomel, 386 savine, dso decoction, 3S7 extract, 387 fluid, 3i compou id, 386 infusion, compound, Piperine, 311 pills of, 311 and mercury, 311 tincture of, 311 Pipsissevva, 157 beer, 15S decoction, 157 compound, 157 extract, 157 pills, 158 syrup, 158 Pitch, black, 312 ointment of, 312 plaster of, 313 Burgundy, 311 Canada, 312 cerate, 312 hemlock, 312 pills of, 312 plaster, 311 aromatic, 311 compound, 311 Plasters, 472 Plaster, acetate of lead, 314 adhesive, 348 Baynton's, 311 ^^^— ammonia, 91 ammoniac, 98 with hemlock, 98 mercury, 98 assafetida, 118 balsam of Peru, 286 belladonna, 128 biniodide of potassium, 325 black pepper, 310 pitch, 313 cantharides, camphorated, 144 compound, 144 odontalgic, 144 carbonate of ammonia, 93 lead, 316 zinc, 414 carburet of iron, 204 cinnamon, spice, 168 clove, 149 court, 249 blistering, 144 croton oil, 295 cumin, 189 Plaster, diapalma, 317 elemi, cautery, 195 euphorbium, 199 foxglove, 191 galbanum, 217 compound, 217 Gaulthier's, 317 gum, 98 hemlock, 176 compound, 176 iodine, 252 iron, 203 lead, 317 mercurial, 235 and belladonna, 235 myrrh, 287 Nuremberg, 318 opium, 298 and camphor, 298 pellitory, 340 petroleum, 308 pitch, 311 aromatic, 311 compound, 311 ■ red oxide of iron, 210 resin, 348 spice, 416 ■ St. Andrew's, 348 subacetate of lead, 315 • sulphate of quinine, 347 ■ sulphuret of antimony and lime, 107 potassium, compound, 328 ■ tartar emetic, 10S ■ turpentine, 399 compound, 400 verdigris, 186 Platina, 313 bichloride of, 313 mixture of, 313 ointment of, 313 pills of, 313 Pleurisy root, 115 infusion, 115 Plummer's pills, 240 Podophyllin, 318 Poids de Marc, 12 Poison, extract, 402 oak, 402 pills, 402 tincture, 402 Poisons, 479 Poke, 309 ointment of, 309 Polygalic acid, 372 Pomatum, cantharides, 144 Pomegranate, 225 bolus of root, 226 decoction of rind, 225 root, 225 extract of root, 225 electuary, 225 mixture, 225 Poppy heads gargle of rind, 225 injection of rind, 225 306 decoction, 306 injection, sedative, 306 mixture, sedative, 306 syrup, 306 pectoral, 306 red, 357 Portland powder, 154 Posological table, 426 Posset, molasses, 419 Potassa, 328 acetate, 329 scillitic, 329 GENERAL INDEX. 553 Potassa, acetate, bolus, 329 conserve, 329 liquid, 330 — — — — — mixture, pills, compound, 329 tincture, 330 — arseniate, 330 mixture, 330 ■solution, 330 bicarbonate, 333 effervescing powders, 333 solution, 333 — mixture, 334 bisulphate, 337 disinfecting powder, 337 effervescing draught, 337 bitartrate, 338 dentifrice, 338 electuary, 339 imperial, 339 mixture, 339 oxymel, 339 powder, 338 solution, 339 compound, 339 borate, 330 borotartrate, 331 and magnesia, 331 • mixture, 331 — mixture, 331 — pills, compound, 331 — powder, 331 — solution, 331 331 — and ammonia, 334 -collutory, 332 -collyrium, 332 -emulsion, 332 — fomentation, 332 -liniment, 332 -lotion, 332 -mixture, 332 -ointment, 333 -powder, 332 — pure, 332 -solution, 332 -tincture, 332 - compound, 333 caustic, 328 collyrium, 329 injection, 329 lotion, stimulant, 329 mixture, 329 solution of, 328 lithontriptic, 329 chlorate, 334 powder solution, 334 334 compound, 334 — citrate, 334 mixture, 335 solution, 334 compound, 335 — iodate, 335 syrup, 335 — nitrate, 335 ■ emulsion, 336 ' fused, 335 gargle, 336 lotion, 336 mixture, 336 pills, 335 with camphor, 335 powder, compound, 335 with camphor, 335 orris root, 335 squill, 335 Potassa, nitrate, purified, 335 oxalate, 336 lozenges, 336 powder, 336 silicate, 336 soluble glass, 337 solution, 337 sulphate, 337 and ammonia, 337 magnesia, 337 sulphur, 33S mixture, 337 pills, 337 powder, compound, 337 and rhubarb, 337 and ammonia, 339 mixture, 339 solution, 339 mixture, 338 powder, and rhubarb, 338 328 solution of, 32S Potassium, 319 biniodide of, gol's, 323 collyrium, 324 ioduretted bath, 324 water, 323 Lu- lotion, compound, 324 mixture, 324 ointment, 325 and opium, 325 plaster, 325 solution, compound, 324 caustic, 324 syrup, 324 tincture, compound, 324 bromide of, 319 ointment of, 319 compound, 319 solution of, 319 chloride of, 319 solution of; 320 cyanuret of, 320 lotion of, 320 mixture of, 320 ointment of, 321 pills of, 320 solution of, 320 ■ syrup of, 320 hydrargyr -iodide of, 325 ointment, 325 pills, 325 — solution, 325 tincture, 325 ide of, 321 and sarsaparilla, 322 injection of, 322 •liniment of, 323 lozenges of, 321 mixture of, 322 ointment of, 322 and mercury, 32S morphia, 323 — opium, 322 — pills of, 321 — soap of, 323 — solution of, 321 syrup of, 322 sulpho-cyanuret of, 326 sulphuret of, 326 and cremor tartar, 326 bath, 327 bolus, 326 electuary, 326 554 Potassium, sulphuret of, ferro, 326 hyposulphited, 326 ■ syrup, 327 injection, 327 lotion, 327 compound, 327 GENERAL INDEX. mixture, 328 ointment, 328 pills, 326 compound, 326 and charcoal, 326 plaster, compound, 328 soap, 328 solution, 327 syrup, 327 compound, 327 tincture, 327 water, 327 Potion of carbonate of ammonia, 92 Poultices, 468 Powders, 446 compound, 446 simple, 446 Powder, acetate of lead, 313 morphia, compound, 281 aconite, compound, 77 agaric, 130 and opium, 130 almond, 99 aloes, S2 and canella, 82 compound, 82 emmenagogue, 82 alum, 87 escharotic, 87 • ammoniated copperand belladonna, 187 iron, 201 animal charcoal, 145 anthracokali, 147 compound, 147 antihectic, 284 arnica, compound, 112 aromatic, 147, 284 arsenical, 69 arsenic, compound, 69 asarabacca, 115 avens, compound, 223 belladonna, 126 and rhubarb, 127 benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 70 benzoin, 128 bicarbonate of potassa, 333 bismuth, compound, 129 bitartrate of potassa, 33S black oxide of iron, 209 sulphuret of mercury, 246 borax, compound, 380 — — borotartrate of potassa, 331 burnt sponge, 387 compound, 387 calomel and antimony, 23S jalap, 239 foxglove, 239 nitrate of potassa, 239 opium, 239 gamboge, 239 pinkroot, 239 antimony and henbane, 239 jalap and rhubarb, 239 camphor, 138 compound, 138 cantharides and camphor, 142 savine, 141 • capuchin, 356 carbonate of lead, camphorated, 316 i potassa, 332 Powder, carbonate of soda, effervescing, 381 and magnesia, 381 mercury, 381 rhubarb, 381 zinc, 414 carburet of iron, 203 cascarilla, compound, 150 castor, compound, 151 catechu, compound, 152 cevadilla, compound, 355 chalk, aromatic, 136 compound, 136 with opium, 136 charcoal and quassia, 146 chlorate of potassa, 334 compound, 334 chloride of barium, 124 chloride of gold, 120 and sodium, 121 silver, 110 cinnamon, compound, 167 cocoa, compound, 132 colocynth, compound, 172 columbo and ginger, 174 iron, 173 magnesia, 173 tartrate of iron, 174 common salt and cochineal, 378 compound, 378 contrayerva, compound, 176 coriander, compound, 180 corrosive sublimate and copper, 237 zinc, 237 cubebs, 1S3 and alum, 183 ergot, 1S3 hemlock, 183 cyanide of gold, 122 disinfecting, 337 Dover's, 252 emmenagogue, 286 ergot, compound, 196 fennel, compound, 215 foxglove, 190 fumigating, 128, 247 galls, compound, 218 gamboge, compound, 219 gentian, compound, 220 gold, 120 golden sulphuret of antimony, 106 guaiacum, compound, 227 hcemostatic, 348 hedge hyssop, 226 hemlock, 175 henbane, compound, 248 horse chestnut, compound, 247 indigo, 250 iodide of barium, 125 lead, 317 mercury, 242 sulphur, 395 ipecacuanha and antimony, 253 calomel, 253 carbonate of soda, 253 muriate of ammonia, 253 myrrh, 253 nitre, 253 — . , opium, 252 rhubarb, 253 tartar emetic, 253 tragacanth, 253 •jalap and calomel, 255 cremor tartar, 256 ■ ipecacuanha, 256 :ammony, 256 compound, 256 GENERAL INDEX. 555 Powder, James's, 109 kerraesine, 106 compound, 106 kino, compound, 258 lavender, compound, 264 lupuline, 268 madder, compound, 354 magnesia and orange peel, 269 rhubarb, 269 sulphur, 269 male fern, 214 marsh mallow, 86 mercurial, compound, 233 metallic iron, 200 compound, 200 milk, 261 musk, 283 myrrh and ipecacuanha, 286 nitrate of potassa and camphor, 335 orris root, 335 squill, 335 compound, 335 nux vomica, 288 oak bark, compound, 342 opium and antimony, 296 camphor, 296 chalk, compound, 296 musk, 296 nitre, 296 sulphur, 296 roasted, 296 orange peel and rhubarb, 119 orpiment, 114 oxalate of potassa, 336 oxide of gold, 122 manganese, 273 Peruvian bark, and arnica, 161 camphor, 161 cascarilla, 161 isinglass, 161 valerian, 161 phloridzine, 308 ■ compound, 160 phosphate of soda, compound, 384 pinkroot and calomel, 386 savine, 386 Portland, 154 Prussian blue, 205 compound, 205 red oxide of mercury, 244 sulphuret of mercury, 246 — — — — — rhatany, compound, 259 rhubarb and chalk, 348 magnesia, 348 sulphate of potassa, 348 compound, 348 sal ammoniac, 95 salicin, compound, 358 salivation, against, 72 sarsaparilla and Peruvian bark, 362 savine and ginger, 356 pinkroot, 356 Spanish flies, 356 verdigris, 356 scnmmony and cremor tartar, 365 soot, 366 compound, 366 Scidlitz, 385 semen contra, 1 15 scneka, compound, 371 senna, and guaiacum, 373 compound, 373 soap, cosmetic, 301 spermaceti, compound, 155 squill and calomel, 367 cremor tartar, 367 ipecacuanha, 367 Powder, squill and nitre, 367 sulphur, 367 compound, 367 starch, compound, 101 - subcarbonate of iron, 202 - sulphate of copper, 187 compound, 187 — mercury, compound, 245 — potassa, and rhubarb, 337 compound, 337 quinine, 345 and morphia, 345 soda, 345 tartar emetic, 345 tartaric acid, 345 compound, 345 — soda and opium, 3S4 nitre, 384 tartar emetic, 3 sulphur and antimony, 393 camphor, 392 cremor tartar, 393 liquorice, 393 magnesia, 393 orris root, 393 compound, 393 sulphuret of potassium and cremor tar- tar, 326 tartar emetic, 107 and ipecacuanha, 107 phosphate lime, 107 quinine, 107 compound, 107 tartarized soda and rhubarb, 385 tartrate of iron and columbo, 212 effervescent, 212 potassa and rhubarb, 338 tragacanth, compound, 402 uva ursi, compound, 404 valerian, compound, 404 verdigris and savine, 185 wild ipecacuanha, 198 willow bark, compound, 358 white hellebore, 40S zinc, oxide, 410 and Colombo, 410 compound, 410 — ■ cyanide, 412 ferricyanide, 412 Precipitation, 447 Preservative liquid, 134 Proper use of utensils, 49 Prunes, 340 Prussian blue, 205 ink, 206 ■ mixture, 206 ointment, 206 pills, 206 — powder, 205 compound, 205 Pudding, arrowroot, 274 tapioca, 398 Pulp of purging cassia, 144 ■ tamarinds, 397 Purging cassia, 150 Purified animal charcoal, 145 Pyroligncous acid, 69 • cataplasm, 69 ' injection, 69 mouth wash, 69 Quassia, 341 extract, 341 infusion, 341 556 Quassia, infusion, compound, 341 tincture, 341 compound, 341 wine, 341 Quiet in sick room, 47 Quince seeds, 188 bandoline, 180 decoction, 189 mixture, 189 Quinine, 342 acetate, 342 amorphous, 342 and chloride mercury, 343 arseniate, 343 citrate, 343 and iron, 343 syrup, 343 ferrocyanate, 343 mixture, 343 pills, 343 GENERAL INDEX. hydriodate, 343 impure, 342 tincture, 342 iodide, with iron, 343 ioduretted hydriodate, 343 kinate, 344 pills, 344 lactate, 344 mixture, 344 pills, 344 s .Y r up, 344 muriate, 344 mixture, 344 nitrate, 344 phosphate, 344 sulphate, 344 dentifrice, 347 enema, 347 gargle, 347 liniment, 346 mixture, 346 with coffee, 346 ointment, 347 pills, 345 and gentian, 346 compound, 346 plaster, 347 powder, 345 and morphia, 345 soda, 345 tartar emetic, 345 tartaric acid, 345 compound, 345 syrup, 346 and coffee, 346 tincture, 346 compound, 346 wine, 346 aromatic, 346 sulpho-tannate, 347 tannate, 347 tartrate, 347 valerianate, 347 Racahout, 132 Ratafia of wormwood, 66 Red cedar, 258 iodide of mercury, 243 lead, 318 oxide of iron, 210 mercury, 244 poppy, 351 infusion, 352 compound, 352 Red poppy, syrup, 352 roses, 352 sulphuret of mercury, 246 Refrigerants, 61 Resin, 347 cerate, 34S compound, 348 hemp, 141 jalap, 256 plaster, 348 St. Andrew's, 348 powder, haemostatic, 348 scammony, 366 Rhatany, 259 clyster, 260 collutory, 260 dentifrice, 259 electuary, 259 extract, 259 infusion, 259 injection, 260 mixture, 260 ointment, compound, 260 pills, 259 powder, compound, 259 syrup, 260 tincture, 260 Rhubarb, 348 electuary, 349 extract, 350 fluid, 350 infusion, 349 alkaline, 350 lozenges, 349 mixture, 351 pills, 349 compound, 349 and caraway, 349 chalk, 348 chamomile, 349 ipecacuanha, 349 oxgall, 349 soda, 349 powder and magnesia, 348 sulphate of potassa, compound, 348 roasted, 348 suppository, 349 syrup, 350 aromatic, 350 and senna, 350 tincture, 350 alkaline, 351 and aloes, 350 aniseed, 351 gentian, 350 senna, 350 Warner's cordial, 351 wine, 351 and gentian, 351 compound, 351 Rice, 304 blancmange, 420 custard, 420 gruel, 304 mucilage, 304 water, 304 Rochelle salt, 385 Rose, dog, 352 confection, 352 hundred-leaved, 352 collutory, 352 essence, 352 lozenges, 352 oil, 352 water, 352 ointment, 352 GENERAL INDEX. 557 Rose, red, 352 confection, 353 electuary, 353 — honey, 353 — infusion, acid, 353 — syrup, 353 — tincture, 353 — vinegar, compound, 353 wine, 353 Rosemary, 353 aromatic bath, 353 fomentation, S53 vinegar, 353 Hungary water, 354 oil, 354 spirit, 354 tincture, 354 Rosin, 347 Round-leaved dogwood, 180 Rue, 355 confection, 355 extract, 355 mixture, 355 and squill, 355 syrup, 355 tincture, 355 Rules for the administration of medicine, 53 Rust's astringent, 87 Saccharate of lead, 318 Saccharine carbonate of iron, 202 Safflower, 148 infusion, 148 Saffron, 182 collyrium, 183 elixir, 183 infusion, 183 ointment, 183 pills, 183 syrup, 183 tincture, 183 compound, 183 Sagapenum, 357 pills, compound, 357 Sage, 358 gargle, 359 infusion, 358 compound, 359 vinegar, 359 Sago, 357 milk, 358 mucilage, 357 posset, 357 Sal ammoniac, 95 Salep, mucilage, 417 powder, compound, 417 Salicin,358 pills, 358 compound, 358 powder, compound, 358 Salt, common, 378 Saltpetre, 335 Saponine, 361 Sarsaparilla, 362 beer, 365 decoction, 362 compound, 362 Feltz's, 363 Jauperand'8, 363 Vinache's, 363 Zittman's, 363 essence, 363 compound, 364 extract, 363 fluid, 363 Indian, 230 decoction, 231 Sarsaparilla, Indian, infusion, 230 mixture, 230 syrup, 230 infusion, 362 Ikaline, 362 Lisbon diet drink, 363 powder, with Peruvian bark, : syrup, 364 compound, 364 Gesnouin's, 365 Laffecteur's, 364 Sassafras, 364 bark, 364 infusion, 364 compound, 364 oil, 364 tincture, 364 compound, 364 pith, 364 — mucilage, 364 Savine, 356 cerate, 357 extract, 356 infusion, 357 oil, 357 ointment, 357 pills, 356 powder with cantharides, 356 ginger, 356 pinkroot, 356 verdigris, 356 tincture, 357 compound, 357 Scammony, 365 chocolate, 367 confection, 366 elixir, 366 emulsion, 366 compound, 366 mixture, 366 oil, 366 pastilles, 366 de sante, pills 366 compound, 366 with ox-gall, 36' powder with cream tartar, 365 soot, 365 compound, 366 Scarifications, 477 Scurvy grass, 169 electuary, 169 gargle, 169 Sea holly, 197 Sealing-wax, red, 262 Sedatives, 61 Seidlitz powders, 385 Semen contra, 115 electuary, 115 mixture, 115 powder, 115 Semi-vitrified oxide of lead, 317 Sencka, 371 decoction, 372 emulsion, 372 extract with squill, 372 infusion, 372 compound, 372 jelly, 372 mixture, 372 pills, 371 ■- polygalic acid, 372 syrup, 373 powder, compound, 371 syrup, 327 Senna, 373 American, 150 558 GENERAL INDEX. Senna, American, infusion, 151 confection, 373 compound, 373 electuary with cremor tartar, 373 figs, 373 rhubarb, 373 sulphur, 373 emulsion, 375 extract, alcoholic, 373 infusion, 374 compound, 374 with buckthorn, 375 coffee, 374 lemon juice, 375 rhubarb, 375 — tamarinds, 374 tincture, 375 Snakeroot, Virginia, tincture, 376 with balsam Peru, 376 wine, with vanilla, 376 mixture, 375 pills, 373 powder, compound, 373 •and guaiacum, 373 jp, 375 — and apples, 375 rhubarb, 375 tincture, compound, 374 with gentian, 374 jalap, 374 wine, compound, 374 Setons, 471 Shampoo liquid, 144 Sialagogues, 61 Silicate of potassa, 336 Silk weed, 116 Silver, 110 chloride, 110 and ammonia, 110 pills, 110 cyanide, 110 powder, 110 Ument, 110 iodide . no ointment, 111 nitrate, 111 collyrium, 111 hair dye, 111 indelible ink, 111 mixture, 111 ointment, 112 compound, 112 pills, 111 solution, 111 Mackensie's, 111 111 ointment, 111 Simaruba, 377 infusic , 377 compound, 377 Sinapisms, 469 Skunk cabbage, 193 infusion, 193 tincture, 193 Slippery elm, 403 cataplasm, 404 infusion, 403 Snakeroot, black, 160 decoction, 160 tincture, 160 Virginia, 376 electuary, 376 infusion, 376 compound, 376 mixture, with allspice, 376 acetated, 376 ether, 376 pills, compound, 376 Sneezewort, 229 Soap, 360 almond, 360 - aromatic, 360 arsenical, 361 balsam, camphorated acetic, J beef marrow, 360 bolus, 361 camphorated, 360 castile, 360 cataplasm, 362 clyster, 362 cod liver oil, 362 ioduretted, 362 - common, 360 - electuary, 361 - essence, 361 camphorated, 361 - grease balls, 361 - hard, 360 ■ iodide of potassium, 323 • itch ointment, 362 •jalap, 257 -pills, 361 and ox-gall, 361 compound, 361 powder, aromatic, 361 saponine, 361 soft, 360 solution, ethereal, 361 Spanish, 360 Starkey's, 293, 360 sulphuret of potassium, 328 suppository, 362 turpentine, 360 with sulphur, 362 Soda, 379 acetate, 379 pills, compound, 379 solution, bicarbonate, 381 lozenges, 381 bisulphate, 385 and magnesia, 385 borate, 380 cakes, 421 carbonate, 381 dried, 381 emulsion, 382 injection, 382 lotion, mixture, anti-emetic, 382 with chamomile, 382 copaiba, 382 gentian, 382 ipecacuanha, 382 ■ quassia, 382 — ointment, 3S2 -pills, 381 — powder, with magnesia, 381 — mercury, 381 rhubarb, 381 Dlution, diuretic, 382 caustic, 379 chlorate of, 383 gargle, lotion, l chlorinated, 383 gargle, 383 solution, 383 diluted, 383 hydrosulphate of, 383 GENERAL INDEX. 559 Soda, hyposulphite of, syrup, 383 phosphate, 384 mixture, 384 powder, compound, 3S4 pills, ith ipecacuanha, 381 - rhubarb, 381 powder, effervescing, 381 solution, 379 effervescing, 3S1 sulphate, 3S4 clyster, 385 electuary, 3S4 emulsion, 384 lemonade, 3S4 lotion, 385 pills, compound, 384 — — — powder, with nitre, 384 opium, 384 tartar emetic, solution, compound, 3S4 suppository, 3S5 tartarized, 385 clyster, 385 mixture, 385 powder, with rhubarb, 385 Seidlitz's, 385 whey, 385 Sodium, 378 bromide, 378 ointment, 378 chloride, 378 bath, with gelatine, 378 clyster, 378 and arnica, 379 fomentation, 378 mixture, with lemon juice, 379 ointment, 379 compound, 379 powder, compound, 378 and cochineal, 378 chloroplatinate, 313 injection, lphuret, 379 bath, 379 liniment, 379 lotion, 379 mixture with sal ammoniac, 379 ointment, 379 Soluble glass, 337 Solution, arsenical, 330 Donovan's, 114 Fowler's, 330 Labarraque's, 383 of acetate ammonia, 91 barytes, 126 mercury, 236 morphia, 281 alcoholic, 281 odontalgic, arseniate of ammonia, 92 soda, 380 arsenic, 69 ammoniated copper, 187 muriate of copper and 186 ammonio'-tartrate of iron, 213 atropine, 1 IS barytes, 125 belladonna, extract, 127 ■ bimcconate ofmorphia, 281 bitartrate of potassa, 339 compound, 339 ■ borotartratc of potassa, 331 bromide of mercury, ethereal, 236 potassium, 319 Solution of bromine, 130 alcoholic, 130 brucia, 131 carbonate of potassa, 332 soda, 382 diuretic, 382 effervescing, 381 caustic potassa, 328 chlorate of barium, 125 potassa, 334 chloride of calcium, 133 gold and sodium, 121 soda, 383 diluted, 383 chlorinated potassa, 320 citrate of magnesia, 271 potassa, 234 corrosive sublimate, 237 alcoholic, cotton, ethereal, 225 creasote, alcoholic, 183 croton oil, saponaceous, 294 cyanide of gold, 122 cyanuret of mercury, 241 potassium, 320 delphinia, 189 ferrocyanide of zinc, 412 gamboge, alkaline, 219 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 iodide o'firon, 207 officinal, 207 potassium, 321 caustic, 324 compound, 324 413 lac, 262 magnesia, 270 muriate ofmorphia, 282 myrrh, alkaline, 286 nitrate of silver, 111 nitro-saccharate of lead, 318 potassa, 328 effervescing, 333 lithontriptic, 329 persesquinitrate of iron, 209 phosphate of ammonia, 96 soap, ethereal, 361 soda, 379 subacetate of lead, 314 sulphate of bebeerine, 126 cadmium, 133 iron, 211 morphia, 283 soda, compound, 3S4 veratrine, 408 zinc, 414 sulphuret of potassium, 327 tartrate of iron and potassa, 212 — potassa and ammonia, 339 Soot, 215 cataplasm, 216 decoction, 215 injection, 216 mixture, 216 mouth wash, 216 oil, 216 ointment, 216 compound, 216 pills, 215 tincture, 216 Southernwood, 1 14 clyster, 114 infusion, 114 Spanish Hies, 141 Spearmint, 277 arqucbusade water, 278 infusion, 278 560 GENERAL INDEX. Spearmint, infusion, compound, 278 Specific gravity, 20 Spermaceti, 154 cerate, 155 liniment, 155 lip salve, 155 mixture, 155 ointment, 155 and rosewater, 155 sultana, 155 powder, compound, 155 Spirits, 461 Spirit of acetic ether, 79 allspice, 309 ammonia, and succinic acid, 86 fetid, 91 aniseed, 103 balm, compound, 277 caraway, 149 castor, compound, 151 cloves, 149 horseradish, compound, 112 juniper, compound, 258 lavender, 264 compound, 265 lemon, 266 odoriferous, 266 muriatic ether, 80 nutmeg, 285 compound, 285 orange peel, 119 rosemary, 354 succinated ammonia, 96 sulphuric ether, SO — sweet of nitre, 79 vanilla, 407 — vinegar, aromatic, 6S wormwood, compound, 65 Sponge, 387 burnt, 387 bolus, 387 electuary, 387 powder, 387 compound, 387 Sponging, 467 Spruce beer, 420 Spurge, 198 Squill, 367 electuary, 370 emulsion, 370 extract, 370 and rhubarb, 369 ointment, 370 compound, 370 oxymel, 370 mixture, with ammonia, 370 ipecacuanha, 370 marsh mallow, 370 pills and ammoniac, 367 calomel, 367 croton oil, 367 henbane, 368 ipecacuanha, 367 compound, 368 powder with calomel, 367 cremor tartar, 367 ipecacuanha, 367 nitre, 367 sulphur, 367 compound, 367 syrup, 370 aromatic, 371 compound, 368 mixture, 369 tincture, 369 alkaline, 369 and elaterium, Squill, tincture, and benzoin, compound, ethereal, 369 vinegar, 370 mixture, 370 • and ammonia, 370 Star grass, 81 tincture, SI Starch, 101 iodide, 102 jelly, 102 lozenges, 102 —^— mixture, with suet, 102 mucilage, 101 powder, compound, 101 Starkey's soap, 273, 360 Stavesacre, 38S decoction, 388 ointment, 388 vinegar Stimulants, 62 Storax, 389 pills, compound, 389 purified, 389 syrup, 389 Stramonium, 3SS extract of leaves, ', seeds, 3 lotion, 388 mixture, 388 ointment, 3S9 pills, 3SS compound, 38S syrup, 389 tincture of leaves, 389 seeds, 389 ethereal, 389 wine, 389 Strychnine, 389 acetate, 390 solution, 390 tincture, 391 collyrium, 390 iodate, 391 liniment, 390 . mixture, 390 muriate, 390 nitrate, 391 intment, 391 ointment, 390 pills, 390 stimulant, 390 powder, compound, 390 sulphate, 391 tincture, 390 Styptic of sulphate of copper, Stuping, 468 Subacetate of copper, 185 lead, 314 Subcarbonate of iron, 202 Subnitrate of bismuth, 129 Succinate of ammonia, 96 Succory, 160 extract, 160 infusion, 160 syrup, compound, 160 Sugar, 357 barley, 231 burnt, 357 milk, 261 syrup, 357 vanilla, 407 Sulphate of alumina, 87 and potassa, 87 ammonia, 97 GENERAL INDEX. 561 Sulphate of antimony, 107 brucia, 131 cinchonia, 166 copper, 187 indigo, 250 iron, 210 ■ magnesia, 271 manganese, 273 morphia, 282 potassa, 337 and ammonia, 337 magnesia, 337 sulphur, 338 quinine, 344 soda, 384 zinc, 414 Sulpho-cyanuret of potassium, 326 tartrate of quinia, 347 Sulphur, 392 balsam, 394 ethereal, 394 terebinthinated, 394 cerate, 394 electuary, 393 compound, 393 iodide, 395 — — — — ointment, 395 powder, 395 linctus, 393 liniment, with soap, 394 mixture, 394 ointment, 394 compound, 394 with camphor, 3 soap, 394 zinc, 394 powder, compound, 393 with antimony, 393 camphor, 392 cremor tartar, 393 liquorice, 393 — — — — magnesia, 393 orris root, 393 precipitated, 392 sublimed, 392 washed, 392 Sulphuret of antimony, 105 arsenic, 114 barium, 125 calcium, 135 carbon, 395 iron, 212 magnesia, 272 mercury, black, 246 red, 246 potassium, 326 soda, 379 Sulphuretted water, artificial, 73 Sulphuric acid, 75 and alcohol, 76 nitric ether, 76 dilute, 75 lemonade, 76 liniment, 76 ointment, 76 ether, 80 ethereal oil, 80 Hoffmann's anodyne, 80 lotion, 80 mixture, with camphor, 81 turpentine, 81 rectified, 80 spirit, 80 syrup, 81 Suppositories, 56 Suppository, anthelmintic, 84 charcoal, 146 36 Suppository, hemlock, 176 opium, 299 rhubarb, 349 zinc, chloride of, 411 Swamp dogwood, 180 Sweet almonds, 98 fern, 174 spirit of nitre, 79 violet, 409 Sydenham's laudanum, 301 Syrups, 450 Syrup, 357 acetate of morphia, 281 antimonial wine, 109 asparagus shoots, 116 balsam of Peru, 285 tolu, 401 belladonna, 127 Gillet's, 127 biniodide of potassium, 324 bittersweet, 194 blackberry, 355 brooklime, 126 cadmium, 148 capillaire,79 chamomile, 104 chloride of gold and sodium, 121 compound, 122 iron, 204 ■ cinchonia, 167 • citrate of iron, 205 ■ citric acid, 71 • clove pink, 190 ■ cod liver oil, 290 ■ codeia, 169 • coffee, 170 • colchicum, 171 ■ coltsfoot, 403 • cubebs, alcoholic ethereal extract, 184 ■ cyanuret of potassium, 320 ■ emetine, 196 • ergot, 196 • galls, 218 • garlic, 81 gentian, 221 extract, 221 gentianin, 222 • ginger, 415 ethereal extract, 416 gold, 120 gum, 66 compound, 66 hive, 36S horehound, 274 hydrocyanic acid, 72 hyposulphite of soda, 383 hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, 327 Indian sarsaparilla, 230 iodate of potassa, 335 iodide and chloride of iron, 208 of iron, 207 potassium, 322 zinc, 413 ipecacuanha, 254 compound, 254 kino, 259 lactate of iron, 208 quinine, 344 lactucariutn, 263 lemon, 266 — peel, 266 vinous, 266 lettuce, 263 liquorice, 224 lobelia, 268 lupuline, 268 562 Syrup, GENERAL INDEX. maidenhair, 79 compound, 79 manna, 273 marsh mallow, 86 matico, 275 milk, 261 monesia, 279 compound, 279 mulberries, 280 muriate of morphi naphthaline, 287 opium, 299 succinated, 299 orange flowers, 120 peel, 119 orgeat, 99 paullinia, 307 pectoral, 306 Peruvian bark, 166 pipsissewa, 158 poppy heads, 306 proto-iodide of iron, 207 red roses, 353 rhatany, 260 rhubarb, 350 and senna, 350 aromatic, 350 282 compound, 282 rue, 355 saffron, 183 sarsaparilla, 364 compound, 364 Gesnouin's, 365 Laffecteur's, 364 seneka, 372 senna, 375 and apples, 375 rhubarb, 375 squill, 370 aromatic, 371 compound, 368 storax, 389 stramonium, 389 succory, compound, 160 sulphate of iron, 212 morphia, 283 quinine, 346 and coffee, 346 sulphuret of magnesia, 272 potassium, 327 compound, 327 sulphuretted, 95 sulphuric ether, 81 thridace, 262 uva ursi, 404 valerian, 405 vinegar, 67 violets, 409 wild cherry bark, 340 wormwood, 65 Table of avoirdupois weights, 10 distilled oils, 458 drops and minims, 18 foreign weights, 14 hydrometrical equivalents, 28 — — — incompatibles, 422 pharmaceutical names, 433 posological, 426 sp. grs. and Baume's hydrometer, 25 of preparations, 31 Tamarinds, 397 electuary, 397 infusion, 397 pulp, 397 whey, 397 Tannate of lead, 318 Tannate of quinine, 347 Tannic acid, 76 gargle, 76 injection, 76 mixture, 76 ointment, 76 pills, 76 and opium, 76 Tansy, 397 extract, 397 infusion, 297 oil, 397 pills, 397 tincture, compound, 397 Tapioca, 397 jelly, 397 pudding, 397 Tar, ointment of, 312 compound, 312 pills, 312 water, 312 Tartaric acid, 77 lemonade, 77 lozenges, 77 Tartar emetic, 107 bolus, 107 clyster, 108 emulsion, 108 liniment, with ammonia, 108 lotion, 108 and camphor, 108 corrosive sublimate, ointment, 108 compound, 108 pills and camphor, 107 guaiacum, 107 plaster, powder opium, 107 108 107 and ipecacuanha, 107 phosphate of lime, 107 quinine, 107 compound, 107 >lution, 108 and squill, 108 ine, 108 — collyrium, 108 — mixture, with ammonia, 109 bitter sweet, laudanum, syrup, 109 Tartarized soda, 385 Tartrate of antimony and potassa, 107 iron and potassa, 212 mercury and potassa, 247 potassa, 338 and ammonia, 339 quinine, 347 soda and potassa, 385 Tea, beef, 418 bran, 419 mutton, 418 veal, 418 Temperatures in pharmaceutical operations, 28 Tepid bath, 463 Thermometrical scales, 32 Thridace, 262 Tin, 387 chloride, 387 electuary, 387 ointment, 387 oxide, 388 powder, 387 GENERAL INDEX. 563 Tin, sulphuret, 387 powder, compound, 388 Tinctures, 451 Tincture, acetate of iron, 200 alcoholic, 200 ethereal, 200 morphia, potassa, 391 zinc, 413 aconite, 78 root, 78 aloes, 85 and myrrh, 85 allspice, 309 amber, 392 alkaline, 392 ethereal, 392 American centaury, 356 columbo, 215 hellebore, 409 ammonia, compound, 93 ammoniated iron, 201 angelica, 103 compound, 102 ■ angustura, 102 ■ aniseed, 104 antacid, 238 arnica, 113 assafetida, 117 alkaline, 117 ammoniated, 118 — and castor, 118 soot, 118 balsam of Peru, 285 tolu, 400 compound, 400 ■with foxglove, 401 belladonna, 127 ethereal, 128 benzoin, 129 compound, 129 black hellebore, 230 snakeroot, 160 bloodroot, 360 brucia, 131 buchu, 192 calamus, 133 compound, 133 camphor, 139 and saffron, 139 ethereal, 139 cantharides, 142 and guaiacum, 142 camphorated, 142 ethereal, 143 compound, 142 ethereal, 143 carbonate of potassa, 332 compound, 333 cardamom, 147 compound, 148 • cascarilla, 150 castor, 151 •ammoniated, 151 compound, 151 ethereal, 151 catechu, 153 ■ Cayenne pepper, 145 ind cantharides, 145 cevadilla, 355 chiretta, 158 chloride of gold, 121 iron, 204 ethereal, 204 zinc, ethereal, 411 cinchonia, 167 cinnamon, 167 Tincture, cinnamon, compound, 16 ethereal, 168 cochineal, 169 colchicum flowers, 171 seeds, 170 compound, 171 colocynth, 173 columbo, 174 contrayerva, 177 compound, 177 copaiba, 179 alkaline, 179 compound, 179 coriander, 180 Croton oil, 294 cubebs, 184 cyanuret mercury, compound, 242 Dippel's oil, 289 elaterin, 195 ergot, 196 foxglove, 191 ethereal, 191 galbanum, 217 compound, 217 galls, 218 gamboge, alkaline, 219 ammoniacal, 220 gentian, 221 acidulated, 221 alkaline, 221 ammoniacal, 221 compound, 221 gentianine, 222 ginger, ethereal extract, 416 goldthread, 179 guaiacum, 227 ammoniated, 22S hemlock, 175 ethereal, 175 hemp, 141 henbane, 249 ethereal, 249 hops, 232 alkaline, 232 horse balm, 172 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 325 iodide of iron, 207 potassium, compound, 324 iodine, 251 compound, 251 ethereal, 251 saturated, 251 ■ jalap, 257 compound, 257 • Jamaica dogwood, 311 ■ kino, 259 • lactucarium, 263 ■ larkspur seeds, 189 ■ lavender, ethereal, 265 • lettuce, aromatic, 263 ■ lobelia, 268 ethereal, 268 ■ lupuline, 268 • mace, 269 - magnolia, 272 ■ malate of iron, 209 - male fern buds, 214 - mastic, ethereal, 275 ■ matico, 275 ■ monesia, 279 ■ musk, 284 artificial, 391 - myrrh, 287 and hellebore, 287 nux vomica, 2S8 compound, 288 564 Tincture, opium, acetated, 301 ammoniated, 302 and asarabacca, 3C soap, 302 Bateman's, 302 camphorated, 302 compound, 302 GENERAL INDEX. Smith' succinated, 302 Swediaur's, 302 Warner's, 303 opoponax, 304 compound, 3( orange peel, 11! pareira brava, 307 pellitory, 340 compound, 340 Peruvian bark, 164 and ammonia, 165 cantharides, 165 gentian, 165 snakeroot, 165 valerian, 164 compound, 1( ■ phosphoric, of myrrh, 75 ■ piperine, 311 • poison oak, 402 ■ proto-iodide of iron, 207 • quassia, 341 compound, 341 ■ quinine, 342 impure, 342 red iodide mercury, 243 ethereal, 243 rhatany, 260 rhubarb, 350 and aloes, 350 aniseed, 351 gentian, 350 senna, 350 alkaline, 351 rosemary, 354 roses, 353 rue, 355 saffron, 183 compound, li sassafras, compound, 365 savine, 357 compound, 357 senna, and jalap, 374 gentian, 374 compound, 374 skunk cabbage root, 193 seed, 193 snakeroot, black, 160 Virginian, 376 and balsam Peru, 376 soot, 216 squill, 369 alkaline, 369 and benzoin, 369 elaterium, 369 ■- ethereal, stargrass, 81 stramonium ethereal, 389 leaves, 3S9 seeds, 3S9 strychnine, 390 sulphate of quinine, 346 compound, 346 sulphuret of potassium, 327 tansy, compound, 397 tartrate of iron, compound, 213 tobacco, 396 tulip tree bark, 267 Tincture, valerian, 405 ammoniated, 405 compound, 405 compound, 405 vanilla, 407 veratrine, 408 white hellebore, 408 winter's bark, 410 wormwood, 65 alkaline, 65 Toast water, 41S Tobacco, 395 cataplasm, 396 extract, 396 infusion, 396 lotion, 396 — — — — mixture, 396 nicotina, 396 oil, 396 ointment, 396 pills, 396 powder, compound, 396 tincture, 396 wine, 396 Tolu, balsam of, 400 Tonics, 62 Tormentil, 401 decoction, 402 extract, 401 gargle, 402 powder, compound, 401 Tous les mois, 417 Tragacanth, 402 mucilage, 402 paste, 402 powder, compound, 402 Troches, 462 Tulip tree bark, 267 infusion, 267 tincture, 267 Turlington's balsam, 129 Turpentine, 399 clyster, 399 electuary, 399 liniment, 399 mixture, 400 oil, 292 ointment, 399 compound, 399 pills, 399 with guaiacum, 399 jalap, 399 magnesia, 399 myrrh, 399 rhubarb, 399 plaster, compound, 400 Uva ursi, 404 decoction, 404 extract, 404 mixture, 404 powder, compound, 404 syrup, 404 Valerian, 404 bolus, with iron, 405 sulphate cf potassa, 405 electuary, 405 extract, 406 fluid, 406 infusion, 405 compound, 405 mixture, with ammonia, 405 Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 oil, 406 with ammonia, 406 GENERAL INDEX. 565 Valerian, pills, compound, 405 powder, compound, 404 syrup, 405 tincture, 405 ammoniated, 405 compound. 405 compound, 405 with Hoffmann's anodyne, 406 wine, 405 Valerianate of quinine, 347 zinc, 415 Valerianic acid, 77, 406 Vanilla, 406 arrowroot, 407 essence, 407 extract, fluid, 407 lozenges, 407 milk, 407 Vapor bath, 465 Varnish, crystal, 275 picture, 275 Veal tea, 418 Vegetable broth, 417 Venesection, 474 Ventilation of sick room, 45 Veratrin, 407 liniment, 408 lotion, 408 muriate, 40S nitrate, 408 ointment, 40S with iodine, 408 opium, 408 pills, 407 with henbane, 408 sulphate, 408 solution, 408 tincture, 408 Verdigris, 1S5 Vesicatories, 470 Vinegar, 67 aromatic, 68 spirit, 68 borax, 380 cantharides, 142 cataplasm, 67 Cayenne pepper, 145 cinnamon, compound, 167 coffee, 176 colchicum root, 171 seeds, 171 distilled, 68 elder flowers, 359 four thieves, 68 gargle, 67 lobelia, 268 mixture, 67 and cardamom, 67 opium, 300 pastilles, 67 prophylactic, 68 rosemary, aromatic, 353 roses, compound, 353 sage, 359 squill, 370 syrup, 67 stavesacre, 388 Vinegars, 454 Violet, sweet, 409 conserve, 409 honey, 409 oil, 409 Vocabulary of words used in prescriptions, 34 Volatile oils, 456 Walnut, white, 257 Warm bath, 463 Warner's cordial, 317 Wash, black, 244 cosmetic, 129, 238 detergent, 87 ophthalmic, 185 sal ammoniac, 96 yellow, 238 Water, allspice, 309 ammonia, 90 anemone, 102 angelica, 103 anti-hysteric, 377 apple, 418 arquebusade, 278 avens, 227 barley, with nitrate potassa, 232 bitter almonds, 100 brooklime, 126 camphor, 139 and laudanum, 139 nitric acid, 139 Hoffmann's anodyne, 139 ■ caraway, 148 ■ chalybeate, artificial, 203 • cherry laurel, 264 • chlorine, 158 • cinnamon, 168 compound, 168 • citrate of magnesia, 271 clove, 149 • Cologne, 266 ■ coriander, compound, 180 distilled, 455 diuretic, 100 elder flower, 359 fennel, 215 Goulard's vegeto-mineral, 315 honey, 276 Hungary, 354 ioduretted, 323 lavender, 264 lemon peel, 266, 419 lettuce, 263 lime, 135 and carbonate of potassa, 135 milk, 135 compound, 135 medicated, 455 opium, 300 orange flower, 120 partridge berry, 220 rice, 304 rose, 352 Seidlitz, 271 souchy, 419 sulphuret of potassium, 327 sulphuretted, artificial, 73 tar, 312 toast, 418 unparalleled, 267 Weights and measures, 9 apothecaries', 12 avoirdupois, 9 foreign, 12 French, 12 metrical, 12 Troy, 9 Whey, 260 i urn, aromatic, 261 cremor tartar, 260 mustard, 261, 377 tamarind, 260, 397 tartarized soda, 385 vinegar, 260 566 GENERAL -INDEX. Whey, wine, 261 White hellebore, 408 decoction, 408 ointment, 409 compound, 409 powder, 408 tincture, 408 wine, 408 precipitate, 236 walnut, 257 Wikana, 132 Wild cherry bark, 340 infusion, 340 syrup, 340 ginger, 115 — infusion, 115 ipecacuanha, 198 powder, compound, 198 potato, 177 Wilkinson's liniment, 95 Willow bark, 358 decoction, 35S dentifrice, 358 ointment, 358 powder, compound, 358 Wine of aconite, compound, 78 — aloes, 85 alkaline, 85 — — balsamic, 85 American hellebore, 409 black hellebore, 230 blessed thistle, 154 bryony, 131 centaury, compound, 154 cinchonia, 167 cinnamon, compound, 167 citrate of iron, 205 aromatic, 205 cloves, 149 colchicum root, 170 seeds, 170 compound, 171 dogwood, round-leaved, 181 ergot, 196 gentian, 221 iodide of iron, 207 ipecacuanha, 255 alkaline, 255 and tartar emetic, 255 compound, 255 iron, 203 opium, 301 Sydenham's, 301 Peruvian bark, 166 persimmons, 193 and calamus, iron, 166 quassia, 341 rhubarb, 351 and gentian, 351 compound, 351 roses, 353 senna, compound, 374 squill, 368 — bitter, 369 compound, 369 stramonium, 389 sulphate of quinine, 346 aromatic, 346 tartrate of iron, 212 compound, 212 tobacco, 396 valerian, 405 Virginia snakeroot, 376 white hellebore, 408 wormwood, 65 yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 Wineantimonial, 108 diuretic, 293 mulled, 419 whey, 261 Wines, 453 Winter's bark, 410 tincture, 410 Wistar's cough lozenges, 304 Witch hazel, 209 Wolfsbane, 112 decoction, 113 extract, 113 fomentation, 113 infusion, 113 compound, 113 powder, compound, 112 tincture, 113 Wood sorrel, 67 extract of, 67 Wormseed, 157 decoction, 157 oil, 157 mixture, 157 Wormwood, 65 clyster, 65 essential oil, 65 infusion, 65 ratafia, 66 syrup, 65 tincture, 65 alkaline, 65 wine, 65 Yellow ladies' bedstraw, 218 root, 248 sulphate of mercury, 245 Zinc, 410 acetate, 413 collyrium, 413 injection, 413 lotion, 413 tincture, 413 carbonate, 413 cerate, 413 — ■ plaster, 414 precipitated, 413 prepared, 413 chloride, 411 disinfectant, 411 injection, 411 lotion, 411 paste, 411 suppository, 411 tincture, ethereal, 411 412 pills, 412 powder, 412 ferrocyanide, 412 mixture, 412 pills, compound, 412 powder, 412 lution, 412 iodide, 412 collyrium, 413 ointment, 413 solution, 413 syrup, 413 oxide, 410 cerate, with lycopodium, 411 lotion, 411 ointment, 411 with calomel, 411 opium, 411 ills 410 compound, 410 GENERAL INDEX. 567 Zinc, oxide, powder, 410 — — — — — compound, 410 with colomba, 410 sulphate, 413 collyriurn, 414 : with camphor, 41' fomentation, 414 gargle, 414 injection, 414 lotion, 414 Zinc, sulphate mixture. 415 pills, 414 compound, 414 with turpentine, 41' myrrh, 414 solution, 414 valerianate, 41; mixture, 415 pills, 415 THE END. 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