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 Entered accOTcling to act pf Congress, in 1874, by William Syckelmoore, in he office of the Librarian of Congress.Washington. ^ J^^vt^, 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Halioweii Select High School, 
 
 FOR 
 
 log. lii 1 114 lOif 1 Illf 1 aTlllT, flIMilLill4» 
 GEORGE EASTBURN, M. A. . . Principal. 
 
 JOSEPH THOMAS, LL.D., . .. . . - Lecturer on History. 
 
 Rooms tmsurpasscd for comfort and neatness. 
 
 EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF APPARATUS AND CABINETS USED IN 
 
 ILLUSTRATION. GYMNASIUxM. 
 Careful supervision in every department by the Principal. Reports monthly. Semi- 
 annual examinations. 
 Catalogues may be obtained by addressing the Principal. Visitors to witness the 
 operation of the school always welcome. 
 
 ■ National School - 
 
 ; " ' OF " " 
 
 i@. 1418 mmmm %mm% tiiiAiiuiiA. 
 
 J. W. SHOEMAKER, A. M'f Principal. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. SHOEMAKER, Associate Principal. 
 - - J. H BE CHTEL, Secretary. 
 
 ■ , CLASS -AND PRIYATE IMSTRUCTIOH. 
 
 ^^ Send for Catalogue and Prospectus. ^ 
 
 ^HE INTEYNATIONAL EXHIBITION 
 
 To be. hekl in Philadelphia, will, among other great events, honor the day 
 on which General George Washington capcared Lord CornwalUs and the Biitish 
 forces at Yorktown. The news of' that event reached Philadelphia a few days after 
 the occurrence of the viofory, and the particulars were published in a weekly jiaper at 
 thr.t time issued in Philadelphia, called 
 
 THE FRE.EMAN'S JOURNAL. 
 
 The paper containing fidl particulars of that event, a facsr.nd- of that puliji 
 nearly a century since has been produced. The style is a copy of the originakW 
 contains Washington's Letters to Congress, .detailing the victory. A copy will bl 
 post free to any address, on receipt of ten cents by the publisher, 
 
 WM. SYCKEIiMOORB, 506 Minor Street, Philadelphia. 
 
ft 
 
AND-KooK OF Philadelphia. 
 
 L-HISTORICAL. 
 
 GENERAL VIEW— LANDING OF WILLIAM PENN— THE EARLY 
 
 COLONISTS— THE FIRST HOUSES— PLAN OF THE 
 
 CITY— THE PENN TREATY. 
 
 HILADELPHIA is now a city of nearly two centuries growth, occupying 
 the second place in the list of great cities of the United States, and classed 
 as the sixth metropolis of the civilized world. It is a city clustered with 
 memories dear to every American heart, for here went forth, in mingled doubt and 
 hope, the immortal " Declaration of Independence," and here occurred the most con- 
 spicuous events of that stirring time which tried men's souls. Through her extensive 
 commerce, which is again glistening on every sea, and her incomparable industries, 
 embracing every conceivable application of mechanical skill, her name and fame have 
 been carried to all the boundaries of civilization. She has long been celebrated for 
 the number and variety of her pleasant homes ; for her miles of rectangles of solid 
 buildings ; her fine thoroughfares, decorated by many of the choicest specimens of 
 f .rchitecture ; her varied and extensive art collections, her libraries, — some fragrant 
 with the reminiscences of an hundred years, — and her charities which greet the eye 
 at every turn ; her educational facilities, especially in the natural and physical sciences; 
 and finally for her delightful location, with two grand rivers running at her feet, and 
 in the very garden of the Republic. The banks of the Delaware, which was called, 
 in the soft and euphonious Indian tongue, both Arasapha and Coaquanock, were 
 sparsely settled some time anterior to the arrival of Penn's colony ; but not above 
 Chester. Penn, however, went farther to the north, and pitched upon the peninsula, 
 with which he was enraptured, as the site of the " great towne." The discovery of 
 the river was made by Hudson, in 1609. In the following year the bay was visited by 
 Lord De La Ware, Governor of Virginia, and from him the river derives its present 
 name. History tells us that the founding of the Province of Pennsylvania 
 was confirmed toPennunder the Great Seal of England, on the 5th of January, 16S1, 
 and that immediately he took every step to allure the capitalists of London to settle 
 
Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 this terra incognita. These concessions, we may infer, were extraordinary, for the 
 " Society of Free Traders " were induced to purchase, for four hundred pounds, the 
 entire street, (now Spruce) from river to river, with all the lots situated thereon. The 
 first colony of adventurous pioneers, principally of Friends, to this land, left England 
 in the summer of 1681, in three ships. The first arrival was by the ship John and 
 Sarah, Captain Smith ; the Amity was carried, in a terrific gale, to the West Indies, 
 and did not land her crew until the following spring; and the Factor arrived late in 
 the season, and remained below the future city during the entire winter, embedded in 
 the ice. The little colony brought up by the John and Sarah suffered extreme dis- 
 tress and privation for a time. They burrowed into the bluff which ran along the 
 Delaware, making their homes in caves, and securing scanty existence by the aid of 
 the fifle and the rod. The future site of the city was then an almost interminable 
 wilderness, with here and there an Indian path, or an opening whose blackened turf 
 told where a daring trapper had pitched his tent. The founder did not set sail until 
 August, 1682. He came in the ship /^^/ffw^, having previously despatched William 
 Markham as governor of the colony, with instructions to make the needful preparations 
 for him upon his arrival. To this end the finer parts of the frame-work required in 
 the construction of his cottage in Laetitia Court were sent out with Markham, and the 
 building was erected on a spot which the founder was led to consider the most pictur- 
 esque in the vicinity. This venerable structure, raised nearly two hundred years ago, 
 still remains with but the merest semblance of its former self. It stands in a court 
 penetrating the heart of a square bounded by Front, Second, Chestnut and Market 
 Streets. Where once there was a charming vista through noble elms to the brow of the 
 bluff which overlooked the shining Delaware, and on either hand finely graded lawns, 
 great warehouses are now crowded together, towering far above the modest little 
 structure. It was 
 
 THE FIRST BRICK BUILDING 
 
 raised in Philadelphia, and was, in its time, regarded as a marvel in the wilds of 
 America; but to-day it is surrounded by a progeny of giants. Where erst there 
 reigned the calm, unobtrusive life of a country seat, there is now the continued crush 
 and turmoil incident to a great mercantile traffic. The antique building has been 
 
 modernized into a sluggish-looking hostelrie, with 
 sanded floor and glistening bar, and its sign 
 «' William Penn Hotel," is the only feature which, 
 by contrast, suggests any idea of its departed gran- 
 deur. When Penn, upon his second visit in 1699, 
 lodged in the slate roof house in Second Street, he 
 made a present of his former residence to his 
 daughter, Laetitia, " who, being a single woman 
 PENN s FIRST RESIDENCE. and having no particular use for it," gave it up for 
 
 colonial purposes. The founder, arriving at New Castle, in 1682, proceeded at once 
 to Upland, in Delaware County, where the Great Law of Pennsylvania was framed. 
 Thence he came up the Delaware in an open boat, landing at the " Blue Anchor 
 
Historical. 8 
 
 Tavern," which stood at the mouth of a little creek, long since filled up, and on a site 
 which corresponds to the present intersection of Dock and Front Streets. This tavern 
 is believed to have been 
 
 THE FIRST BUILDING ERECTED IN THIS CITY. 
 
 Once arrived, he devoted himself assiduously to complete his chosen task. He as- 
 serted his object in these words : " I took charge of the Province of Pennsylvania for 
 the Lord's sake. I wanted to afford an asylum to the good and oppressed of every 
 nation, and to frame a government which might be an example. I desired to show 
 men as free and happy as they could be ; and I had kind views to the Indians." He 
 signalled the completion of his labors in this vein : " Philadelphia is at last laid out- 
 Of all the many places I have seen in the world I remember not one better seated ; 
 so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a town, whether we regard the two 
 rivers, or the conveniency of the caves, docks, springs, or the loftiness and soundness 
 of the land and air." The city, as planned by Penn, surveyed by Thomas Holmes, 
 and incorporated in ttie original charter, extended from river to river, and from Cedar 
 or what is now South street, to Vine Street. This rectangle was quadrated by two 
 magnificent thoroughfares, easily recognizable to-day in Market and Broad Streets, 
 having at their intersection a large open area called Centre Square, upon which the 
 new City Hall is now being erected. Each section formed by the interlacing of these 
 two broad avenues was allotted its square. These four squares, Washington, Ritten- 
 house, Logan and Franklin, — taking the names of historic personages, — fonn to-day 
 the pleasantest of our intramural resorts. Penn's original thought was to preserve a 
 clear view of the Delaware from the bluff, — on the present line of Front Street, — by 
 preventing the construction of buildings east of it, desiring that the hill should be 
 crowned with a grand walk with lawns and flower gardens flowing from it to the 
 water's edge. The project was aesthetic, and its achievement would have been highly 
 picturesque ; but Commerce, — which has no eye for landscape gardening, nor a single 
 emotion for beauty, — claimed this fringe of land beneath this bluff as de jure her own, 
 and filled it in a few years with range upon range of massive storehouses. The full 
 scope of the foundei-'s conception outlined a perfect Utopia, and his primitive ideas 
 concerning it may be found in all of his letters of instruction to his lociun tenens, 
 Markham. In one of them he said : " Let every house be placed, if ye person pleases, 
 in ye middle of its platt, as to breadthway even, that so there may be ground on each 
 side for gardens, or orchards, or fields, yt it may be a greene country towne which 
 will not be burned up, and always be wholsom." 
 
 In selecting a title for the city, Penn found in " Philadelphia " a word which em- 
 bodied in its inherent meaning the principles he had at heart. It was no arbitrary 
 term, but implied, as the original in Greek has been translated, 
 
 " BROTHERLY LOVE." 
 
 He called the city after the ancient metropolis of Asia Minor, over the portal of whose 
 time-honored temple was inscribed : " I have set before thee an open door, and no man 
 may shut it." 
 
 If the relic-hunter, in his search through the metropolis of to-day, will direct his 
 
Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 steps to Kensington, along the busy river front, he will find at Beach and Hanover 
 Streets, surrounded by piles of lumber, and in a sadly neglected condition, 
 
 A SIMPLE OBELISK UPON A GRANITE PEDESTAL, ■ 
 
 nestling under the shade of a tree which is believed to be a lineal descendant of the 
 famous old elm. On this spot Penn made his memorable treaty with the Indians and 
 cemented a friendship which, between the prosterity of both, has never been broken. 
 Here, beneath the great old elm, which had seen the storms and sunshine of three cen- 
 turies, the wampun of lasting peace passed from the red hand to the white, and is yet 
 to be seen carefully preserved among the many invaluable relics in the possession of 
 the Pennsylvania Historical Society. The simple shaft which commemorates this 
 event is thus inscribed : — 
 
 Treaty Ground 
 
 of 
 
 WiLLiA M Penn 
 
 and the 
 
 Indian Nation, 
 
 William Penn, 
 Born, 1644. 
 Died, 1718. 
 
 Unbroken Faith. 
 The old tree was blown down in 1810. 
 
 Placed by the 
 
 Penn Society, 
 
 A. D., 1827, 
 
 to mark the site 
 
 of the 
 
 Great Elna Tree. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 founded 
 
 1681, 
 
 By deeds of Peace. 
 
 II.-TOPOGRAPHICAL. 
 
 HILADELPHIA, situated upon a magnificent estuary, easily navigable to 
 the heaviest merchant vessels, occupying a position rich in every natural 
 attraction, grew steadily until the limits fixed in the original charter had 
 been over-leaped, and the sections beyond were filled with fine residences, and became 
 independent municipal districts. 
 
 CONSOLIDATION. 
 By act of Assembly of January ist, 1854, the boundaries of the city, which up to 
 that time were only from Vine to South Streets, and from river to river, were enlarged 
 to embrace all the suburbs and districts of Philadelphia County. This^county, — one 
 of the three originally established by Penn, — extended in 1682-3 indefinitely to the north- 
 west, having contiguous to it Chester and Bucks. Up to the year 1784 it included 
 Montgomery County within its limits ; but it extends now along the Delaware from 
 Darby Creek to Poquesink Creek, and is bounded on the northeast by Bucks County, 
 on the northwest by Montgomery County, and on the southwest by Delaware County. 
 
 AREA OF THE CITY. 
 
 Within these limits Philadelphia has a superficial area of 1291^ square miles, or 
 about 83,000 square acres, with an extreme length of 23 J-^ miles, and average breadth 
 of 5^ miles. Among the principal creeks which flow from it into the large rivers 
 are Pennypack, Poquesink, Frankford, Darby, Cobbs and Wissahickon ; regarding the 
 latter of which romancists have woven strange legends. These streams afford a con- 
 siderable water power, and are therefore lined by many industrial establishments. In 
 topography, the northern and southern sections are strongly contrasted, the former 
 being finely diversified by hill and dale, and the latter presenting extensive ranges of 
 
Topographical. 5 
 
 rich meadows, which, by the erection of costly levees, have been secured from inunda- 
 tion by the rising of the Delaware and Schuylkill. Philadelphia has not grown up in 
 a hap-hazard sort of a way, but has enjoyed 
 
 A STEADY PROGRESSION, 
 
 and its comparative regularity is traceable to that system which was adopted nearly 
 two hundred years ago. 
 
 ITS POPULATION 
 
 in 17S0, was 30,000; in 1S40, 222,133, ^'^'^ '^^ i^ estimated now at 800,000. The as- 
 sessed valuation of taxable property is six hundred millions, providing an income an. 
 nually of ten millions for municipal purposes. ^ 
 
 It has over six hundred miles of paved streets, lighted by ten thousand lamps, and 
 underlaid by one thousand miles of gas and water mains, from which flow forty million 
 gallons of water daily, and the illuminating power for one million gas burners. Phila- 
 delphia is peculiarly 
 
 A CITY OF HOMES, 
 
 and surpasses every other municipality in its conveniencies for the people who inhabit 
 it. Of its 140,000 buildings, all but ten thousand are dwelling houses, a total which is 
 more than equal to the combined number of dwellings in Baltimore, St. Louis, Boston 
 and Louisville, according to their returns in 1S70; and of this number, sixty thousand 
 are the homes of mechanics. 
 
 APPEARANCE OF THE STREETS. 
 
 These dwellings, mobilized into solid blocks, succeed each other for miles, present- 
 ing a uniform line of pressed brick fronts, with white shutters and marble steps. 
 Within they exhibit pleasing pictures of comfort, having upon the first floor a parlor, 
 dming room and kitchen, with usually a summer kitchen in the rear ; upon the second 
 floor two chambers, a sitting room and a bath, and on the third floor two spare rooms. 
 In all of them the water service is introduced, and the majority are lighted by gas. 
 The growth of the city is at the rate of more than six thousand buildings annually. 
 The monotony of her former style of architecture is yielding noticeably to the impulse 
 of a general progress, and the structures are becoming more attractive to the eye ex- 
 teriorly without subtracting from that elegance and comfort which have always char- 
 acterized the interior of her private dwellings. 
 
 THE MAIN THOROUGHFARES 
 
 are now decorated with many of the noblest specimens of modern architecture and 
 many of the finest imitations of the classic temples of antiquity. Threading these 
 thoroughfares are miles upon miles of railroad tracks, traversed by nearly two thousand 
 cars, carrying annually sixty-six million passengers, who pay in fares above four million 
 dollars. 
 
 THE ADVANTAGES OF PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 as a place of residence, are manifold alike to the capitalist and artisan. It abounds in 
 industries, in rare facilities for artistic and technical culture ; and its climate is favoi-- 
 able to vigor of mind and health of body. It is a city where the patriot, the philan- 
 thropist, the philosopher and the artisan will find much to be proud of; a city whose 
 crowded attractions cannot be fathomed at one glance. 
 
Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 III.-THE CENTRE OF THE CITY. 
 
 ENN'S design contemplated two grand highways, which to-day are realized 
 in Broad and Market Streets. The former, stretching ten miles from 
 League Island north, is gradually assuming the attractions of a magnificent 
 drive and promenade, while the latter, running direct from river to river, has been 
 made the channel for a great mercantile traffic. At the intersection of the two, were 
 formerly four fine squares, which, in the early history of the city composed Centre 
 Square. Upon this site 
 
 THE NEW CITY HALL, 
 which will occupy in its completion six years, at an aggregate outlay of over ten mil 
 lion dollars, is being erected. The present municipal departments, in apartments in- 
 adequate to their necessities, are clustered in and about the venerable State House. The 
 structure now being raised at Broad and Market, which is to be admirable in its orna- 
 ments and of massive dignity, is to harbor them all for years to come. It is to be 470 
 feet from east to west, and 486^ feet from north to south, covering an area, exclusive 
 of the court-yard, of nearly four and a half acres. It will be larger than any single build- 
 ing on this continent. The superstructure will consist of a basement story, 18 feet in 
 height, a principal story of 36 feet, a third story of 31 feet, and another formed by the 
 mansard roof of 15 feet. These several stories will be approached by four large ele- 
 vators placed at the intersections of the leading corridors. In addition to these means 
 of access there will be a grand staircase in each of the four corners of the building, 
 and one in each of the centre pavilions of the four fronts. The entire structure will 
 contain five hundred and twenty rooms, of suitable dimensions and fitted with every 
 possible convenience, including heat, light and ventilation, and the whole to-'be ren- 
 dered indestfuctable by fire. From the north front, which looks up Broad Street, will 
 rise a massive and finely decorated tower, surmounted by an immense dome, the apex 
 of which will be at a height of nearly three hundred feet from the pavement. Each 
 front, which will be imposing in elevation and ornament, will be relieved by centre 
 pavilions running the entire height, and supported by marble pillars and pilasters. 
 
East Market Street. 
 
 The entrances to the court-yard will be through massive central arches. The external 
 walls are to be of white marble, and the walls facing the yard a light blue marble, the 
 architectural effect of which will be pleasing in the highest degree. 
 
 ONE OF THE FINEST MARKETS IN THE CITY 
 
 will be found at the corner of Twelfth Street. It is constructed in a handsome and 
 durable manner, and is un- 
 usually convenient in its in- 
 ternal arrangements. Phila- 
 delphia is rich in luxurious 
 markets, which are daily filled 
 with the freshest country pro- 
 duce. The old system of 
 street market sheds is gradu- 
 ally losing life, and ere long 
 the last vestige of this un- 
 sightly obstruction to some of 
 the finest streets in our city intekior view of market house. 
 
 will have, most happily, disappeared. At the southwest corner of Front and Market 
 Streets will be found — though in view of recent improvements, it will be somewhat 
 difficult to identify it now, — a relic of ante-revolutionary times. It is a remnant of a 
 building known as " The London Coffee House," scarcely a stone's throw from Penn's 
 old cottage, and is said to have been erected in 1702, by Charles Reed, who obtained 
 the grant of land, on which it is situated, from Laetitia Penn. In the year of 1754 it 
 was opened as a coffee house, by William Bradford, printer, and, as such, became very 
 popular. Here the chief Executive of the new Commonwealth, with all the legal 
 and municipal dignitaries, the merchants and ladies of fashion, were wont to assemble 
 by day and night to sip the fragrant Java. It became in time the chief centre of local 
 interest. It attracted, as an old historian tells us, " all the 
 genteel strangers who came to the great town." The gen- 
 eral parades usually took place in front of it, and there were 
 daily vendues of horses, carriages, groceries and real-estate 
 before its doors ; and in the centre of High Street, just op- 
 posite it, was the mart where barters were made of human 
 beings. There is little now to remind the spectator of the 
 venerable coffee house, save the high-pitched hip-roof, the 
 antique cornice and a slight remnant of the antique brick- 
 work. There stood in the centre of Market Street, with its 
 
 face to Second, a fine building, which was erected early in london coffee house. 
 in the last century. Here, before the State House was constructed, the Colonial As- 
 sembly and the Municipal and Colonial Courts were held. Franklin here began to 
 make himself conspicuous ; and, from its balcony, "Whitfield addressed admiring thou- 
 sands, and his powerful voice, it is said, " was heard, on such occasions, even as far 
 as the shipping in the river." This structure has long since disappeared. 
 
8 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Passing westward on Market Street, we find, among other palatial stores, vei-y 
 prominently looming up above the others, the far-famed " Tower Hall," an establish- 
 ment owned by Bennett & Co., retail clothiers. Thirty years ago the retail clothing 
 trade of Philadelphia consisted of a few shops for the vending of coarse, ill-made gar- 
 ments for men's wear. These places were located on the waterside, and their patrons 
 were principally sailors. In the year 1844 it occurred to one Joseph M. Bennett to 
 invest his slender capital in the making and vending of ready-made clothing of the 
 best quality. The enterprise was pooh-poohed. But Mr. Bennett was a determined 
 person, and, with an unparalleled audacity, he put his eccentric ideas into practice at 
 
 No. 192 Market Street. Customers came in 
 goodly numbers, and a second store was 
 opened at No. 182, in the same square, next 
 door below the present site of Tower Hall, 
 by the restless innovator. He erected a showy 
 wooden front at the pioneer establishment. 
 This attracted universal attention, and drew 
 forth no end of predictions that the business 
 could not bear up under such reckless ex- 
 travagance -as this, and that a financial smash 
 would bury in oblivion the pioneer retail 
 clothier. To the surprise of the prophets, 
 the bustling shop and its showy front stimu- 
 lated trade, and enabled the proprietor to 
 purchase a lot upon which the present building 
 known as Tower Hall, was erected — a build- 
 ing planned specially for the manufacture and 
 sale of clothing to the wearers direct. In 
 1856 the new building was occupied. Two 
 hundred thousand garments per annum are 
 now made and sold by Bennett & Company. 
 Twenty-five cutters are employed every work- 
 ing day in the year to clip into shape the 
 cloth required for the vast avalanche of clothing which is constantly poured upon the 
 shelves of this establishment, by the great working corps of tailors and tailoresses. 
 How many of these tailors and tailoresses are employed cannot be stated with anything 
 like accuracy. Bennett & Co. furnish work to six hundred and eighty-five differer.t 
 sewers. Many of these are allotted much more work than one person can possibly do 
 in the time allowed, These parties in turn engage others to sew for them, and, in 
 some instances, carry on quite extensive tailoring establishments. Three of the spa- 
 cious floors, extending the full depth of the building from Market to Minor street, are 
 fitted up as salesrooms. These extensive apartments are arranged in a style combining 
 substantial elegance with every possible convenience. Around the sides of each of 
 these floors run spacious cases, surmounted with busts of authors, artists and statesmen 
 
 TOWER HALL. 
 
 J. 
 
East Market Street. 
 
 9 
 
 Upon the spot where once stood the dwelling of Robert Morris, the illustrious 
 Revolutionary Financier, and the Presidential Mansion of Washington and Adams, now 
 stands Oak Hall, the largest Clothing House in America. 
 
 In the spring of 1861, Wanamaker & Brown began the manufacture and sale of 
 only Best-Class All-Wool Ready-Made Clothing, occupying at first but a small portion 
 of the corner store at Sixth and Market sts. The sales of the opening day (April 
 8th) amounted to $24.67. The business for the first twelve-month showed a total of 
 124,125.62. Now the annual sales are counted by millions. So great and so steady 
 has been the increase of business that every year has been marked by some enlarge- 
 ment of the premises, until at present the Colossal Buildings cover an area of 67 feet 
 front, on Market, by 180 feet in depth, on Sixth, to Minor street. 
 
 Among the various causes of success we note : — 
 A strict application to business in all its departments ; 
 Meeting the wants and wishes of the People ; 
 Making up Reliable Goods in a Reliable Manner ; 
 Buying enormous invoices of materials direct from mill-owners and importers, many 
 
 of whom have been compelled to " close out," at great sacrifices. 
 Keeping constantly in store an immense assortment of styles, sizes, shapes, and colors ; 
 Letting the people know all about the advantages of purchasing at Oak Hall ; 
 Making courtesy the rule of the House, and giving entire satisfaction. 
 
 And still later, the adoption of the Four Cardinal Points, viz.: 
 
 One Price, Cash Payment, Money Returned, and Full Guarantee. 
 
 With the facilities enjoyed by this "Popular Clothing House," and the system of 
 exactness that marks the management of the entire business, it is no wonder that 
 the name of Wanamaker & Brown 
 
 has become familiar not only in every American household, but throughout the world. 
 
10 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 At the comer of Eleventh Street will be found the Bingham Hotel, a large 
 and well kept caravansery and a great favorite with travellers, and from this point to 
 the edge of the Delaware there rise, in rapid succession, iron, stone and marble whole- 
 sale houses, many of which transact an annual business of over five million dollars. 
 Conspicuous among these are the publication houses of Claxton, Remsen & HafFel- 
 finger and J. B. Lippincott & Co., the dry goods houses of Joel J. Baily, J. B. Ellison 
 & Co., Hood, Bonbright & Co., and Jacob Riegel; the wholesale drug stores of Ellis 
 & Co., Carpenter & Co., and French, Richards & Co., Spear's iron stove building, and 
 a great array of equally reputable business houses we have not space to mention in this 
 connection. 
 
 Turning westward we arrive again in the neighborhood of the New Public Buildings, 
 which we have described elsewhere. The view of Market street, east and west of 
 the New City Hall, presents a constant unvarying scene of commercial activity, not 
 often equalled in the civilized world. A very great portion of the wholesale trade of 
 PhiladeliDhia is transacted in it, and the sidewalks running to the Delaware are heaped 
 with boxes and bales of merchandise. The cars of two passenger railway companies 
 traverse this street, east and west, while the cars of seven other companies cross 
 this thoroughface at right angles. 
 
 ON WEST MARKET STREET 
 
 we find, almost adjoining the New City Hall, the fine marble edifice of the Third 
 National Bank, and beyond, upon the opposite side, the extensive local freight depot 
 of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Here all freights destined to or coming from 
 any point east of Pittsburgh, either on the main line or its many branches, are received 
 and delivered. The traffic concentrated in this building, which covers an entire square, 
 is enormous. In the block above it is the spacious depot and offices of the Adams' 
 Express Company, and at the opposite corner, the handsome architectural front of 
 Centre Market, which cost above one hundred thousand dollars. A little beyond is 
 Polytechnic College, a flourishing institution, organized in 1853, designed to supply a 
 want in mechanical education of a thorough collegiate training for practice in mining 
 and civil engineering, analytical and industrial chemistry, metallurgy and architecture. 
 The college comprises a scientific school and five technical schools. Conspicuous 
 from Market Street, though situated on Twenty-first, is the armory of the 
 
 FIRST TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY. 
 
 This is the oldest cavalry organization in Pennsylvania, and its record during the Revo- 
 lution was highly creditable. The front view of the structure will remind the looker- 
 on of a mediaeval fortress, the material used in its construction being New York and 
 Pennsylvania blue stone, serpentine stone and Ohio sand stone. Upon the first floor is 
 the ring, or drilling ground, the most extensive in the countiy, of its kind ; and the 
 other portions of the structure are used for the storing of equipments. The Troop 
 was organized November 15th, 1774, and the armory was erected as a memorial of its 
 centennial anniversary, occurring on the 15th of November, 1874. Market Street, 
 from this point to the Schuylkill, is principally devoted to the commission, grain, flour 
 and lumber business. 
 
South Broad Street. 
 IV.-SOUTH BROAD STREET. 
 
 11 
 
 ROAD STREET, as the second of the two grand avenues projected by the 
 Founder, next claims attention. It is a spacious thoroughfare, one hundred 
 and twenty feet wide, and paved with wood imbedded in concrete, and 
 Belgian blocks. Its southern terminus is at League Island, and for some distance 
 below Washington Avenue, it is ornamented with double rows of trees, patterned after 
 the Parisian style, and is therefore called, by some, the boulevarde. During the past 
 few years Broad street has become a favorite avenue for the selecting of sites for church 
 building. At the 
 l^resent extremity of 
 the populated dis- 
 trict, as far south as 
 Broad and Reed sts., 
 the Baptists have se- 
 cured a fine lot and 
 have erected an edi- 
 fice on the rear por- 
 tion, naming it the 
 Boardman Chapel. 
 At the corner of 
 Broad and Federal 
 streets the Episcopal 
 denomination have 
 erected a fine edifice, 
 
 under the name of church of the messiah. 
 
 the " Church of the Messiah." The Presbyterian Westminster Church is at Broad 
 and Fitzwater streets. The Methodists have a fine church at Broad and Christian, and 
 the Catholics a large church edifice at ^^ _ 
 
 Broad and Catharine. There are many ._ _ _ 
 fine residences on south Broad Street, prin- . ~r^ - 
 cipal among which are those of the Hon. IF"^' 
 Henry M. Watts, ex-minister to Austria j ^ 
 Mrs. Ray Barton, daughter of the late Ja- 
 cob Ridgway, and Bloomfield H. Moore, 
 Esq. The large depot of the Philadelphia, 
 Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad is 
 located just above Washington Avenue. 
 By the munificence of the late Dr. Benja- 
 min Rush, one of the noblest pieces of architecture to be found in any city, and intended 
 to contain an institution which shall be for the general good of the people, is rising 
 slowly into permanent existence from the square bounded by Broad, Thirteenth, 
 
 W. B. R. R. DEPOT. 
 
12 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Christian and Carpenter Streets. The bequest of this estate was made conditionally 
 to the venerable Philadelphia Library ; but there being some difficulties in the way of 
 a complete acceptance under the terms of the will, the executor determined to fulfil 
 the often-expressed desire of Dr. Rush, for the erection of a library easily accessible 
 to the people of the lower section of the city. The entire area we have mentioned is 
 enclosed by not an unsightly stone wall, except on the Broad Street front. Here there 
 is to be a low dressed curb, supporting a massive wrought iron railing, through which 
 the spectator will obtain a complete view of the magnificent structure and the finely 
 diversified grounds which are to surround it. The exterior walls of the building are 
 granite, and their appearance conveys an idea of massive strength. Facing Broad 
 J -s^ street the library has 
 
 a front of 220 feet, 
 
 - gAc-^^ ^ _ ^g g!:i£l^ S::^£4^ ,- ^r::J^_^ and an extreme 
 
 ^ """ ;,. depth of 105 feet. 
 
 ; The principal facade 
 
 '. consists of a portico 
 
 :^;awt- =-3:jj»^ ^^..=^rgagS^ enclosed by granite 
 
 NEW LIBRARY BUILDING, SOUTH BROAD STREET. COlumnS. There 
 
 will be sixteen of these columns, eight fronting the central building, and four on each 
 wing ; each column being thirty feet high and in the Doric style. The structure will 
 rest upon a terrace, and the portico will be reached by a flight of broad steps the full 
 width of the central building. A vestibule, thirty-six feet long, ten feet wide and 
 fourteen feet high, will lead to the main hall, which will be cruciform, eighty-four feet 
 long, running north and south, and sixty feet wide. Twenty-four Ionic columns of 
 polished marble will enclose the square of the intersection of the cross, supporting a 
 gallery. The height of the intersection will be forty-four feet. The main hall is to 
 be arranged with alcoves and wall cases for books. A beautiful marble staircase, twelve 
 feet wide, will run from the hall to the memorial and directors' rooms, in the former 
 of which will be deposited the personal effects of the late Dr. Rush. This apartment, 
 which will be enriched with polished columns, and, like the main hall, be lighted from 
 the roof, will also contain a marble tablet, with this inscription : — 
 
 THE RIDGWAY BRANCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 
 
 A MONUMENT TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 JACOB RIDGWAY, 
 
 AND HIS 
 
 DAUGHTER, MRS. PHCEBE ANN RUSH. 
 
 The wings will be used as reading rooms, and the grounds will embrace the finest 
 effects of landscape gardening. Opposite the main entrance, in the grand hall, a 
 mausoleum, to contain the remains of Dr. Rush and wife, will be erected. The cost of 
 this building and its exterior decorations will reach the sum of a million and a half. 
 
South Broad Street. 
 
 13 
 
 When completed, the Philadelphia Library Company will, most likely, exercise super- 
 visory control over it. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB 
 
 is located at Broad and Pine streets. This charity was orgrnized in 1S20, the Rt. Rev. 
 William White, D. D., being among its originators. Its first location was in Market 
 street above Broad, and when opened, in the same year, eighteen pupils assembled for 
 instruction. In 1821 it was incorporated by the Legislature, which allowed a certain 
 sum per capita for the students annually received. In 1824 the present site was pur- 
 chased, and the original building, now much enlarged, was completed in 1825. The 
 two wings were erected in 1 854. The structure presents a chaste and simple front of 
 cut stone, with a portico supported by pillars of the Tuscan order, and two wings, 
 giving a length of 200 feet on Broad street. There are spacious yards, and fine school 
 and working rooms. Through the medium of this noble charity thousands of poor 
 deaf mutes have been raised from an oblivion of existence to self-sustaining lives. 
 
 Broad street, north of Spruce, is ornamented with three conspicuous buildings. 
 Beth Eden Church, one of the fairest 
 specimens of sacred architecture to be 
 found in America, is in the occupancy 
 of a flourishing Baptist congregation, 
 under the pastorate of Rev. Dr. J. 
 Wheaton Smith. In this edifice the 
 architect has not confined himself to 
 the rules of any particular period, but 
 designed it in the spirit of the early 
 Gothic, with a tendency towards the 
 Venitian, mainly evinced in the use of 
 different kmds of stone in the exterior 
 walls. The church has a high-pitched, 
 open-timbered roof, with an ornamen- 
 tal cresting, and is cruciform in plan, 
 with nave, transepts and aisles. The 
 nave, parallel with Broad Street, is 1 20 
 feet long, and the width of the church 
 at the transepts is 70 feet. The prin- 
 cipal entrance is through the tower, 
 which, when completed, will form one 
 of the loftiest and most conspicuous 
 ornaments of Broad street. It is 30 
 feet square, having heavy buttresses, beth edkn church. 
 
 and angle turrets enriched with carvings. The entrance is exceedingly ornate, being 
 supported by shafts of polished granite, red and black alternately, and surmounted by 
 capitals exquisitely cut to represent the daffodils of Spring, the bending grain of sum- 
 
14 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 mer, the fruits of Autumn, and the ice-laden branches of Winter. The edifice is a 
 charming study, and is well worth a visit. 
 
 Horticultural Hall, the material evidence of the existence of one of the most pro- 
 gressive societies of the time, presents a fine front relieved by a handsome portico. 
 This building was erected in l868, at a cost of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars. The society, which owns it dates back to 1826, was founded principally 
 through the instrumentality of Dr. James Mease. Twice, annually, horticultural ex- 
 hibitions are given here, and are among the most enjoyable and instructive events. 
 
 Philadelphia, with a rich soil 
 and a soft, though somewhat 
 variable climate, is the home 
 of the florist, and the rarest 
 specimens of his taste and 
 ingenuity gladden the visitor 
 to each exhibition. The dis- 
 ^ plays of fruits, hanging bas- 
 ,Tvo->i, kets, cut flowers and house 
 *^ ~ plants are invariably both 
 large and rare. The Acad- 
 HORTicuLTURAL HALL AND ACADEMY OF MUSIC. emy of Music almost adjoins 
 
 Horticultural Hall on the north, and between the two there subsists an intimate relation, 
 for at all great fetes they are joined by temporary bridges. The Academy is beyond 
 all cavil one of the most magnificent of modern opera houses. It has a front of 140 
 feet and a depth on Locust street of 238 feet. The exterior walls are of fine pressed 
 brick, with handsome brown stone dressings, the facade being in the Byzantine style ; 
 but its appearance from the street presents no idea of the world of glory within, when 
 it is filled with a gay assemblage, and brilliant with light. The stage proper is 90 feet 
 wide, a little over half the same distance in height, to the centre of the proscenium 
 arch, and nearly an hundred feet deep. The parquette, which is of ample dimensions, 
 its accompanying circle, the balcony, backed with private boxes, the family circle and 
 the lofty amphitheatre, give a magnificent perspective of distance and effect from the 
 stage, which is nowhere else surpassed. The proscenium of the stage is of the richest 
 character. The architrave is supported by six massive, richly gilt columns, of the 
 Coi'inthian order, each thirty-three feet high and three and a half feet in diameter at 
 the base. Three are disposed on each side, and open to admit of the arrangement of 
 the proscenium boxes between them. The galleries are supported by reduced fac-similes 
 of the proscenium pillars, and from the dome, frescoed to imitate the star-specked 
 azure, depends a grand crystal chandelier. The seats are all richly upholstered in 
 crimson plush, and the faces to all the circles are chastely ornamented with classic 
 emblems. The visitor, in entering, steps first into a grand lobby, frescoed in mezzo- 
 tint, and paved with marble. The ceiling contains four panels with metaphorical de- 
 signs of the four fine arts, — music, architecture, poetry and painting. On either side 
 of the grand stairways, leading to the balcony, are busts of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, 
 
South Broad Street. 
 
 15 
 
 Rossini and Mozart. The foyer, directly above the main lobby, is a rare specimen of 
 architectural beauty. Sixteen Ionic columns support the panelled ceiling, after the 
 Italian models. Throughout, the structure is one of the richest in its conveniencies 
 and appointments, and certainly none other exists with finer acoustic qualities. It can 
 comfortably seat three thousand persons. The formal opening of the building took 
 place on the evening of Tuesday, January 26th, 1857. The estimated value of the 
 property, as it stands, is eight hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Upon the west side of Broad, above Walnut, three more notable buildings spring 
 into view, the first being that of the Union League Club, — an organization that has now 
 a national fame. This League germinated from the Union Club which was formed in 
 1862, with the avowed object of promoting friendly intercourse among loyal people. 
 Its constitution required as the primary qualification for membership undoubted loyalty 
 to the Government of the United States, " an unwavering support of its efibrts for the 
 suppression of the Rebellion ;" and the object it had in view was, "to discountenance 
 and rebuke, by moral and social influence, all disloyalty to the Federal Government." 
 The League enlisted ten regiments of troops, distributed over six hundred thousand 
 Union documents, and claims to have carried Pennsylvania for the Republican Party 
 in 1863, "in the darkest hour of the administration." The League has now a mem- 
 bership of nearly two thousand, embracing the wealthiest and many of the best-known 
 men of the city. The present club house, which is of brick with brown stone dress- 
 ings, and in the French Renaissance style, was finished in May, 1865, at a cost of over 
 $200,000. It has all the appointments of a first-class resort, and contains a gallery en- 
 riched by the choicest works of both sculptor and painter. 
 
 Upon the opposite corner of Sansom street, directly vis a vis with Chambers' Pres- 
 byterian Church, is the old Academy of Natural Sciences, which was founded in 181 2 
 and incorporated in 1817. The present building, esteemed very large when it was 
 erected, nearly thirty years ago, but now totally inadequate to the wants of the institution, 
 contains a museum of natural curiosities which is classed as the second in extent and 
 variety, in the world. A building, more worthy of this wond'erful aggregation, is now 
 being erected at Nineteenth and Race. The Academy of Natural Sciences now pos- 
 sesses more than 6000 min- 1 
 erals, 900 rocks, 65,000 fos- A 
 sils, yOjOOOspeciesofplants, 
 1000 species of zoophytes, 
 2000 species of crustaceans, 
 500 species of myriapods 
 and arachnidians, 25,000 
 species of insects, 20,000 
 species of shell-bearing 
 moUusks, 2000 species of 
 fishes, 800 species of rep- 
 tiles, 37,000 birds with new academy of natural SCIEN'CES. 
 
 nests of 200 and eggs of 1500 species, 1000 mammals, and 900 skeletons and pieces 
 
 
16 Hmtd-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 of osteology. Most of the species are represented by four or five specimens, so tlir.t, 
 including archaeological and ethnological cabinets, space is required now for the ar- 
 rangement of not less than 400,000 objects, besides the library of nearly 25,000 vol- 
 umes. Among the most conspicuous of the objects is the restored skeleton of the 
 Hadrosaunes Foulkii, which illustrates with what rare skill it has been possible to re- 
 produce (with the aid of a few bones,) the anatomy of a gigantic animal which existed 
 long anterior to the appearance of man. The department of Ethnology embraces 
 more than a thousand human cranio, of different races, and four mummies. The 
 academy gives gratuitous instruction in natural science to a number of students. There 
 have been published by it eight octavo and seven quarto volumes, entitled "Journal 
 of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia," and twenty-four octavo vol- 
 umes, entitled " Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Phdadelphia." 
 These volumes average 400 pages each. The public are admitted upon two days of 
 the week, formerly free, but now for a very small sum, which was levied to aid the 
 building fund. A tour of its galleries will be found exceedingly instructive. 
 
 THE LA PIERRE HOTEL 
 
 has a fine granite front, and contains accommodations for three hundred guests, nearly 
 all of whom are permanent. 
 
 On the east side of Broad, just above Chestnut, stands the 
 
 PENN SQUARE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The main front consists of a Corinthian portico of eight columns, which is approached 
 by a flight of thirteen steps. The walls and flanks are embellished with pilasters which 
 support an entablature enriched with ornaments peculiar to classic architecture. The 
 auditorium is chastely decorated, and has a very fine effect. 
 
 V.-NORTH BROAD STREET. 
 
 AKING a survey of North Broad street, the tourist will start from the New 
 City Hall. Directly opposite its northwest corner is located the School of 
 Design for Women, which is worthy of attention. It is one of the few in- 
 stitutions in America which opens to the female sex opportunities for a thorough edu- 
 cation in art, and for attaining proficiency in several industrial branches in which there 
 is a constant and increasing demand for skillful operators. It has three main divisions 
 of study, — ornamentation, landscape and the human figure, — and large numbers of 
 young ladies are availing themselves of the rare facilities for obtaining a remunerating 
 profession which this institution offers. Directly north of the New City Hall, and in 
 its immediate vicinity, there is a cluster of buildings which can nowhere be excelled. 
 The most conspicuous of these, and certainly the most imposing of its kind in exist- 
 ence, is the New Masonic Temple, which, in 1873, was dedicated in the presence of 
 nearly fifty thousand members of that esoteric fraternity. The order early secured a 
 foot-hold in Pennsylvania, and grew into large proportions, and its jurisdiction is now 
 
North Broad Street. 
 
 17 
 
 regarded the wealthiest and strongest in America. The old Hall, — in the antique 
 pointed Gothic style, — on Chestnut street, had outlived its time, and the new Temple 
 was projected without much debate, and 
 
 carried to successful realization. This 
 structure has two fronts, the west on 
 Broad street, and the south on Filbert. 
 Both are perfect specimens of Norman 
 architecture, notably elaborate and bold, 
 and unlike anything else in the city. 
 The profile nowhere contains any trace 
 of flatness or inexpression. The win- 
 dows and the lofty stories, the recesses 
 and the towers all combine to give an 
 idea of massive magnificence that no 
 description in words will convey. The 
 material used in the construction of the 
 western and southern fronts is Cape Ann 
 Syenite of a greyish white color, which 
 gives an appearance of solidity and per- 
 manence afforded by few other stones. 
 The permanent ornaments of the Broad 
 street front are the two grand towers on 
 
 either flank, and the beautiful Norman new masonic temple. 
 
 porch, which is the most elaborate and costly work of the kind in this country. It is 
 built of Quincy granite, and stands in a projection of the front wall, being copied after 
 the finest examples of the Norman style in Europe. It is made up of four pairs of 
 receding pillars, surmounted by an arched moulding, and enriched by Norman decora- 
 tions. All of the stone was dressed at the quarry, and brought to the site ready to 
 be placed in position, so that, as was said of Solomon's Temple may be said of this : 
 " There was neither hammer nor ax, nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was 
 in building." The grand tower is 250- feet high, and is square, massive, and highly ornate. 
 The foundations for it were sunk forty feet below the pavement. It rises, in grandeur 
 and solidity, far above all other buildings, having turrets at its four corners, and is 
 constructed, throughout, in strict detail of the Norman style. The Temple is 150 feet 
 in length, with a side elevation of 90 feet above the pavement. Within, the Temple 
 presents a varied picture of architectural splendor. The grand staircase, the Grand 
 Lodge Hall and Grand Chapter Hall ; the Egyptian Hall with its massive elephantine 
 columns surmounted by the peculiar capitals of the ancient temples of the Nile, of 
 Luxor, and of Karnak ; the Ionic and Norman Halls, and the Oriental, with all the 
 airy proportions and ornaments of the Alhambra and Mosques of Arabia, — each apart- 
 ment embodying a distinct type of architecture, — form together a scene of magnificence 
 which needs the brush, rather than the pen, to even imperfectly reproduce. The cost 
 of the Temple was f 1,300,000, and five years were occupied in its erection. 
 
18 
 
 Hand-Booh of PJiiladclplda. 
 
 Adjoining the Temple on the north, with fronts on Arch and Broad streets, stands 
 
 ^^-,, >^-- -- the Arch Street M. E. Church, which was 
 
 ,_- i -?--^^ ^-. finished early in 1873. It is constructed en- 
 
 . -^ ; ^^^^^^ tirely of white marble, and is surmounted by 
 
 a slender and airily proportioned spire, which 
 J- reaches to the height of 233 feet. It is one 
 
 p = of the most beautiful churches in a city 
 
 which has become celebrated for the solidity 
 and splendor of her sacred edifices. It is of 
 Gothic design, and, with the exception of the 
 Cathedral at Milan, it is, perhaps, the only 
 church edifice in the world that is built ex- 
 clusively of one material, and in the purest 
 Gothic style. Its cost was above ^250,000. 
 Upon the western corners of the intersection 
 of Broad and Arch streets, are two fine 
 temples. At the south is the imposing and 
 ornate edifice of St. John's Lutheran con- 
 gregation, the most striking feature of which 
 is the tower at its northeast corner. This 
 is extremely massive, and in proportions and 
 ARCH STREET M. E. CHURCH. ^ gtylc it is entirely different from any other 
 
 yet constructed. It is twenty-six feet square at its base, aiid rises without a break, ex- 
 cept for doors and windows, to the height of ninety-two feet. Projecting from the four 
 angles, at this elevation, are circular turrets with pinnacles, each fifty-two feet high. 
 
 Between these turrets the walls of the tower appear 
 in bold relief, and convey impressively the idea of a 
 «' strong fortress." Surmounting the whole is a 
 slated roof of the mansard order, with Louvre win- 
 dows, and peaked with an ornamental railing. The 
 main entrance is through this tower. The church, 
 proper is in the florid German Gothic style of archi- 
 tecture, and is skillfully designed to present a com- 
 pact mass of buildings, with aisles, clere-stoiy and 
 transepts. The Broad and Arch streets fronts are 
 each adorned by a magnificent window, with stone 
 muUions and stained glass. The walls are of ser- 
 pentine stone, with grey sand stone and Hummel- 
 NEw LUTHERAN CHURCH. stouc drcsslngs. The interior is beautifully deco- 
 
 rated, the altar being one of the richest in this country, the general design being that 
 of a canopy supported by highly-polished columns. The congregation have expended 
 nearly three hundred thousand dollars in the construction of this edifice. Rev. Joseph 
 A. Seiss, D. D., is the present pastor of this church. 
 
 ~i^ \U4. 
 
 1 1 
 
 I V 
 
North Broad Street. 
 
 19 
 
 Upon the northwest corner of the intersection stands the First Baptist Church, — a 
 
 brown stone structure, with heavy buttresses, and surmounted with an imposing tower 
 
 which rises to the height of 225 feet. The exterior has a fine architectural effect, with 
 
 the appearance of great solidity. At the angles of all the buttresses, and along the 
 
 the base of the tower the ivy has 
 
 fastened its tendrils and adds an 
 
 ornament of rare beauty to the 
 
 walls of the church. The interior 
 
 decorations are in the Romanesque 
 
 style, the frescoing being of the 
 
 richest description. The pews are 
 
 of fine wood, as are the gallery 
 
 fronts. The chancel is in the form 
 
 of an apse, and is in its arrangement 
 
 both novel and pleasing. The value 
 
 of the building is placed at a qua.r- 
 
 ter of a million. This congregation 
 
 is one of the oldest and most efli- 
 
 cient in the Baptist denomination. 
 
 It was organized in 1684, by Rev. 
 
 Thomas Dungan, who established 
 
 the first Baptist community in Penn- 
 sylvania. In 1698 the congregation 
 
 worshipped with the Presbyterians first baptist church. 
 
 on " Barbadoes Lot.*' Up to 1762 this church was regarded a branch of the mother 
 
 church in Pennapeck, owing to its weak condition and dependence on the stronger 
 
 body for supplies. On the 1 5th of May, of that year, the First Church of Philadelphia 
 was re-constituted as an independent body, and Rev. Jenkin Jones was chosen pastor, 
 serving fourteen years. The pulpit is now occupied by Rev. George Dana Boardman, 
 D. D., who entered upon his pastoral duties here in 1864. The present edifice was 
 erected in 1854. The interior has recently been greatly beautified, and presents a 
 richly-adorned appearance. 
 
 The Academy of Fine Arts, — whose magnificent new gallery, on Broad street, just 
 above Arch, is progressing gradually towards completion, — was founded in 1805, by 
 the voluntary contributions of a number of Philadelphians, and was incorporated in 
 1 807, by act of Assembly. The aim of this institution, one of the worthiest and 
 noblest in the great City of Brotherly Love, as set forth in its charter, is to 
 improve and refine the public taste for works of art, and to cultivate and encourage our 
 native genius by " providing elegant and approved specimens of the arts for imitation." 
 Its first annual exhibition was held in 1811, and over five hundred specimens of the 
 skill of both painter and sculptor were then displayed. For many years the academy 
 was located in a modern Ionic building standing on the site of the present American 
 Theatre, Chestnut street, above Tenth, but six years ago steps were taken to rear a larger 
 
20 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 building, and one more worthy the standing of the institution and its treasures. Work 
 on this is now in progress. It is of a modified Gothic style, having a front of loo feet 
 
 on Broad street, and a depth, on Cherry, 
 
 ^^.^^^g -=^=r— of 258. The principal front is to be two 
 
 "^ stories high, ornamented with encaustic 
 
 i^pa- tiles, terra-cotta statuary and light stone 
 
 - ^'^^^ZT dressings, the wall being laid in patterns 
 
 s ^^^^^ of red and white brick. Over the main 
 
 ^*iS!f entrance there will be a large Gothic 
 ^^iLi iy^V"^?^^M;.i!j''btt window, with stone tracery. The Cherry 
 ^SKt^2^^^ street front will be of similar materials and 
 relieved by a colonnade supporting a 
 ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. serics of archcd windows, back of which 
 
 will be a transept with a pointed gable. The building, which is to cost $300,000, 
 will have galleries for casts from sculpture, life-class rooms, lecture rooms, and retiring 
 rooms on the first floor ; while upon the second will be located the grand gallery, 75 
 by 42 feet ; the " Gilpin " gallery, (to contain an hundi-ed thousand dollars worth of 
 art treasures, bequeathed by the late Henry D. Gilpin,) 95 by 42 feet, together with a 
 a number of smaller exhibition rooms. The general appearance of the building con- 
 veys a fine idea of the florid Venitian style. The art collections of this academy are 
 the most valuable in this country, comprising the master-pieces of Stuart, Sully, Neagle, 
 Benjamin West, Allston and Wittkamp. Its marbles, and fac-similes are very fine and 
 many in number. Its gallery of casts from the relics of antiquity is especially instruc- 
 tive. The academy is now under the supervision of gentlemen who have always been 
 lovers and patrons of art, and has the promise of great prosperity and success. We 
 doubt not the refined taste of Philadelphians will be fully verified by a liberal endorse- 
 ment of the efforts made by the directors of this noble institution to establish a gallery 
 worthy of the city. 
 
 Broad street from this point to Fairmount avenue is principally devoted to industry. 
 The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Co. has its depot at the corner of Callowhill 
 street, and diagonally across the street are located the buildings of Baldwin's Locomo- 
 tive Establishment. Here three thousand men are employed, and one locomotive is 
 completed in every eight working hours. Europe, Asia and South America, in addiion 
 to North America, are patrons of this extensive manufactory. A Philadelphian, Oliver 
 Evans, was the first to propose a locomotive in America, and another Philadelphian, 
 Matthias W. Baldwin (the founder of these works) was the first to make and success- 
 fully use one. In 1830, at the request of Mr. Peale, the proprietor of a popular mu- 
 seum, he constructed a model engine for exhibition, which, during an exj^eriment in 
 1831, drew five passengers. The Philadelphia and Germantown Railroad Co., whose 
 cars up to that time were drawn by horses, ordered a locomotive, which was placed on 
 the road in January, 1833, and gave the greatest satisfaction in its performance. This 
 was undoubtedly the first successful American locomotive. The present site was first 
 occupied by the works in 1834. 
 
North Broad Street. 
 
 21 
 
 m.. 
 
 BOYS CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 AND THE SYNAGOGUE. 
 
 On the east side, above Spring Garden street, is the North Broad Street Presbyte- 
 rian Church, of brown stone, in the Norman style, and adjoining the Boys' Central 
 High School, surmounted by an ob- 
 servatory which is equipped with a 
 fine and complete set of astronomical 
 and meteorological instruments. The 
 adopted curriculum here is well graded 
 and comprehensive, and the facilities 
 for the study of the sciences are sur- 
 passed in no other school. Above it 
 is the synagogue of Rodef Shalom, a 
 remarkable reproduction of Saracenic 
 architecture. Its exterior, of various 
 colored sandstone, is rich in tracery 
 and ornament, and the interior is a 
 marvel of magnificence. There rises 
 from the northwest corner a tower sur- 
 mounted by a dome peculiar to the 
 mosques of Turkey and Arabia. From Lincoln Market north, the character of Broad 
 street changes entirely. Row after row of splendid residences, many isolated in the 
 midst of handsomely decorated gardens, succeed for miles. Brown stone, the various 
 sand stones, brick and marble vie with each other in architectural effect, and the per- 
 spective is one of the grandest in the country. A fine range of trees lines either curb, 
 and a wide, smooth pavement lies between them and the houses. From Fairmount 
 avenue north, Broad street, stretching for miles into the delightful suburbs, is a popu- 
 lar drive and the great Sunday and holiday promenade. Among the many costly resi- 
 dences there are a number conspicuous for their size and situation. The old Stiles' 
 Mansion, the very picture of a Grecian villa, 
 which stands in the centre of a beautiful lawn, at 
 the southwest corner of Poplar street, was formerly 
 the convent of the visitation, but is now owned and 
 occupied by B. Hammett, Esq. The residences of 
 Joseph Singerly and the late Michel Bouvier, both 
 millionaires, on the west side, above Girard aveime, 
 will attract the eye. On the east side are the 
 mansions of Jacob G. Neafie, Alexander Whildin, 
 Hemy Disston — this one unusually rich in ornamentation without and within, — and of 
 John Baird and Rev. Matthew Newkirk. At the southwest corner of Master street, is 
 the dwelling which the late Edwin Forrest erected in 1859, and occupied. Here it was 
 that, early one morning, he was found dead in his own room, on the second floor. 
 The building has a simple brown stone front, with a wing to the south, presenting 
 toward the street a blank wall of the same material, with one or two niches. Here 
 are still retained his rare art treasures, which eventually are to be deposited in a 
 
 EDWIN FORREST S RESIDENCE. 
 
22 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 GRACE M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 ■•■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■I 
 
North Broad Street. 
 
 23 
 
 projected Home for -worn out actors, which is to be erected through his munificence. 
 He willed his entire estate, valued at a millon and a half, save a small portion given 
 in private bequests, for this purpose. 
 
 Upon the east side, diagonally opposite the Forrest mansion, is reared the 
 
 MEMORIAL BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 Rev. p. S. Henson, D.D., pastor. It cost one hundred thousand dollars, 75 by 100 feet 
 in size, and will seat eighteen hundred persons. The walls are of green stone, laid up 
 in open range work, with light stone trimmings. The plan is that of an amphitheatre, 
 the front, on Master street, being circular. A spire rises fifty feet above the apex of 
 the roof, and about 130 feet from the pavement. The main window — highly oniate — 
 is in the Broad street front, and is 14 feet wide and 42 feet high. The interior is 
 beautifully decorated, and the open tracery of the ceiling not only perfects the ventila- 
 tion, but very sensibly heightens the appearance of the auditorium. On the northwest 
 corner of Broad and Master streets a very fine church edifice has been projected — the 
 Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, a cut of which will be found on the opposite page. 
 At the comer of Brandywine street is located 
 
 THE FIRST SWEDENBORGIAN CHURCH, 
 
 which dates its existence back to 1783. The present building was erected in 1854, and 
 is chastely decorated. 
 
 Monument Cemetery, which has an extensive front on Broad street, above Mont- 
 gomery avenue, had its origin in 1837, two years after the opening of Laurel Hill. 
 From a centre plot rises a monument in memory of 
 Washington and Lafayette. It is a shaft resembling 
 " Cleopatra's Needle," and rests upon a massive 
 pedestal embracing 77 square yards indicating the 
 years of Lafayette's life. Above the pedestal are 
 thirteen steps, representing the original number of 
 states in the Union, and, still above these, ornament- 
 ing the sub-shaft are thirty-two flutes, representing 
 the states in the Union at the time of the completion 
 of the monument. From the top of the pedestal to 
 the apex of the shaft the distance is 67 feet and 10 
 inches, corresponding to the years and months of 
 Washington's life ; and the shaft itself is 56 feet monument cemetery. 
 
 hi^h, indicating the number of signers of the Declaration of Independence. Two 
 large bronze shields contain appropriate inscriptions to the two historic men whose 
 fame is thus perpetuated. The cemetery is handsomely laid out, and is studded with 
 many finely sculptured stones. The entrance is through a brown stone building, ar- 
 ranged as a Gothic chapel, with spire. Beyond this point Broad street is sparsely 
 settled, but is the scene of constant and permanent improvements of great beauty. 
 
24 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 VI.-CHESTNUT STREET. 
 
 HESTNUT STREET, just south of and parallel with Market, will generally 
 be regarded as the finest thoroughfare of the city. From" the Delaware to 
 Broad street it presents an almost unbroken range of magnificent buildings 
 with fronts of brick, sandstone, marble and granite, and embodying the most pleasing 
 and conspicuous features and proportions of modem architecture. West of Broad, 
 the street is lined by splendid residences with frequent indications of the encroachment 
 of business in substantial stores and palaces devoted to dry-goods. Tlie average value 
 of ground along this thoroughfare is three thousand dollars per foot, and the lofty 
 structures wdiich decorate it vary in cost from fifty thousand to a million dollars. It 
 presents a scene of continual activity ; the road-way is always filled with passenger 
 cars and rich equipages, and the walks are noisy with the throng of people. Each 
 week-day afternoon it becomes the grand promenade, and the thousands of fair faces, 
 the musical crush of silks, the great plate glass show windows, whose attractions are 
 multi^jlied by mirrors, all combine to give the thoroughfare an appearance of rare 
 beauty. People meet here to see and be seen, to study toilets as well as humanity, 
 and if there is one spot in America where the ingenuity of the inodiste is to be observed 
 to its advantage, it is on Chestnut street, any time after two and before six P. M., on 
 any week-day. 
 
 THE STATE HOUSE, AS IT APPEARED IN I774. 
 
 The venerable State House, below Sixth street, is the centre of great interest. It is 
 rich with the incense of patriotism and heroic struggle, and no one can enter it without 
 a feeling of reverence for the hallowed walls wherein sat that Congress which declared 
 the colonies "free and independent" states. The building was designed by Dr. 
 Kearsley, was commenced in 1729 and completed in 1734, the builder being Edmund 
 Wooley. In the year 1740 the wings were erected. The interior decorations remain 
 
Chestnut Street. 
 
 25 
 
 as originally designed, and, for the production of so early a time, are very fine; and 
 those of the main hall, embracing a richly panelled ceiling and a heavy cornice supported 
 by fluted columns, will strike the eye as exceedingly beautiful. The ornamentation 
 over each door leading to the " Hall of Independence," on the east, and the 
 "National Museum" on the west, is florid, having a centre medallion from which 
 the face of one of the Georges projects in bas 
 relief. The eastern chamber, which is a shrine 
 to every American, was the -theatre wherein 
 was proposed, debated, adopted and signed the 
 Declaration of Independence, which was finally 
 promulgated on the 4th of July, 1776. The 
 hall still presents, as far as it has been possible to 
 retain it, its original appearance. The por- 
 traits of the signers embellish the walls, per- 
 petuating not only the faces of those historic 
 men, but the skill of Peale, Stuart, Inman 
 and Sully. John Hancock's chair, and the 
 table on which the immortal document was 
 signed, stand on a dais at the eastern end ; 
 Rush's fine statue of Washington adorns the 
 northwest corner, and the old chandelier used 
 by the Continental Congress is still pendent 
 from the centre of the ceiling. The western 
 chamber, for many years the Common Pleas Court-room, is now a museum of natural 
 relics. Of these it contains a large number, both rare and curious. Among them are the 
 ale mug of David Paul Jones ; a china cup with Washington's effigy, made before 
 Braddock's defeat; flag of the ist Regiment, Pennsylvania militia, lost and recaptured 
 at Brandywine ; the chair of James Logan, first possessed by William Penn, with the 
 inscription : " fruitful of recollections, sit and muse ;" the chairs of the Colonial Justices ; 
 Franklin's bedside table; relics of the battle of Germantown ; the original stamp im- 
 posed under the celebrated Stamp Act of Great Britain, in March, 1765, which led to 
 the Revolution, and the original charter of Philadelphia. Upon the second floor are 
 two chambers now used by Select and Common Councils, the westernmost being 
 formerly the Senate hall of the First Congress. The lobby extended then from this 
 chamber to the eastern end of the building, and in it were confined the American 
 oflicers captured by the British, at the disastrous battle of Germantown. The original 
 steeple, being decayed, was taken down in 1774, and the present one erected in 1828. 
 On the ground floor of the steeple, surrounded by a net-work of iron, to prevent the 
 ravages of relic-hunters, stands the famous old bell, hanging upon its original supports 
 It was cast and imported from England, in 1752, purposely for the State House, but 
 was cracked in testing it. It was recast by Isaac Norris, a member of the Colonial 
 Assembly, who inscribed upon it, " Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all 
 
 INDEPENDENCE HALL — SOTTH SIDE. 
 
26 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 the inhabitants thereof." This old bell did, on the afternoon of the memorable 4th 
 of July, 1776, proclaim that liberty which the Colonial Assembly had just declared. 
 
 Subsequently it was again frac- 
 tured, and is now sacredly 
 guarded as an invaluable relic 
 of our early national existence. 
 The clock, which is the stan- 
 'dard time-piece for the city, 
 was constructed by Isaiah Lu- 
 kens, and set in motion January 
 1st, 1829, at which time the 
 present bell, weighing 4600 
 pounds, and cast by John Wilt- 
 bank, was placed in position. 
 The, original cost of the State 
 House was £5600, and it may 
 be interesting to know that 
 Thomas Godfrey, the inventor 
 of the Quadrant, was its gla- 
 zier. At the corners of Fifth 
 INDEPENDENCE HALL— NORTH SIDE. aiid Sixth strccts, onc at either 
 
 end of the State House wings, which are used for municipal purposes, are two build- 
 ings almost similar in proportions and architecture. The building to the west was 
 formerly Congress Hall, the House of Representatives being upon the first floor, now 
 occupied by the old Quarter Sessions Court and the Highway Department, and the 
 Senate the upper floor, used at present by District Courts I and 2. Congress sat 
 here during 1792 to 1799; and in this building Thomas Jefferson fulfilled his duties as 
 Vice President of the United States, and presiding officer of the Senate. There was 
 no door on Sixth street, as at present, the main entrance being, as it is to-day, through 
 the Chestnut street front. Upon the eastern wall of the building appears a tablet with 
 
 this inscription : — 
 
 In this building met the 
 
 First Senate, 
 
 and the 
 
 First House of Representatives 
 
 of the United States of America; 
 
 and herein George Washington was inaugurated 
 
 Presiaent, March 4, 1793, 
 
 and closed his official career ; 
 
 when, herein also, 
 
 John Adams was inaugurated the 
 
 Second President of the United States, 
 
 March 4, 1797. 
 
 The one at the opposite end has been, since a period long anterior to " Consolidation," 
 
 the office of the Mayor of the city, and the headquarters of the Police Department. 
 
 The Mayor's chambers are on the second floor, while upon the first are the rooms of 
 
Chestnut Stree'. 27 
 
 the Fire Marshal, the Police and Fire-alarm Telegraph, the Detectives, and the 
 audience-chamber of the magistrate who acts for the Mayor in the preliminary trial 
 of cases. In the basement are the cells of the Central Station, and the quarters of the 
 Reserve Police. 
 
 In the rear of the State House, occupying the remainder of the space bounded by 
 Chestnut, Walnut, Fifth and Sixth streets, is Independence Square, which it is hoped 
 will soon be placed in a condition better fitting its character and its association with 
 the historic Hall. It was here, — and from this fact it derives its name, — that, on the 
 8th of July, 1.776, the Declaration of Independence was read by John Nixon, amid 
 the repeated shouts of the people, who — stirred up to the highest pitch of patriotic 
 enthusiasm, — rushed into the court-rooms, tore down the King's Arms and burned 
 them in public, and destroyed everywhere the insignia of British authority. The dis- 
 charges of cannon, building of bonfires, and ringing of bells, " all," we are told, 
 " demonstrated the joy of the people." On the 4th of July, 1876, — after the lapse of 
 a century, — it is safe to predict that the same time-honored Hall and Square will witness 
 a scene which, for moral grandeur, will have, in history, no parallel. The representatives 
 of a mighty power — established in that memorable July, a hundred years ago, and now 
 embracing forty states and forty millions of prosperous people, — will there assemble to 
 join in thanksgiving to the omniscient one for the blessings He has vouchsafed them. 
 
 There are, of the many incidents connected with this spot, one or two which will 
 be of interest here. In, October, 1773, an immense meeting of the citizens was held 
 in the State House Yard, " called in consequence of the effort made by the East India 
 Company to force upon the good people of Philadelphia tea which, owing to the 
 refusal of the Americans themselves to import, had accumulated in immense quantities 
 in their warehouses in London. By this assemblage, which was the largest that, for 
 such a purpose, had yet met in the Colonies, was made the first resistance to British 
 authority, and an open defiance to the East India Company. This organization, " in 
 collusion with the ministry," set about chartering vessels for American ports, determined 
 to " crain the tea down the throats," of the Colonists. Notice of the actual sailing, 
 on the 27th of September, 1773, of the ship Pf?//)/, with a cargo of tea for Philadelphia, 
 was received here, whereupon, when she was reported below, a self-constituted com- 
 mittee on tarring and feathering sent a note to the Captain, in which, if he persisted in 
 bringing his vessel up, his fate was thus foreshadowed : " a halter around your neck, 
 ten gallons of liquid tar scattered on your pate, with the feathers of a dozen wild geese 
 laid over that to enliven your appearance." On Christmas day the Polly had reached 
 Gloucester, whereupon this notice was issued : " The tea-ship having arrived, every 
 inhabitant who wishes to preserve the liberty of America, is desired to meet at the 
 State House to consider what is best to be done in this alarming crisis." Ten thousand 
 people are said to have responded, and to have resolved, " that Captain Ayres shall 
 carry back the tea immediately, * * * and that to-morrow he shall proceed to his 
 vessel and make the best of his way out of our river and bay." This he prudently 
 did, and thus wrote a contemporary : " by a glorious exertion of public virtue and 
 
28 , Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 spirit have the foundations of American liberty been more deeply laid than ever." 
 In the winter of 1777-8, after the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, the 
 State House was occupied by British officers and American prisoners. In taking pos- 
 session, the Grenadiers, with Lord Cornwallis at their head, took the van of the army 
 up Chestnut street. The soldiers looked clean and well-clad, and the contrast between 
 them and onr own poor bare-footed and ragged troops was very great, and caused a 
 feeling of despair. While General Howe held the city there occurred the famous 
 " battle of the Kegs," of which but little, generally, is known. A number of patriots 
 up the river formed a project to destroy the enemy's shipping by sending down at 
 ebb-tide a number of kegs charged with gun-pov/der, and furnished with machinery 
 to explode them upon the slightest touch. The vessels had, however, been drawn into 
 the docks, and many of the kegs passed down without being noticed. One at last 
 exploded. The city was thrown into general alarm, and the wharves were soon filled 
 with " red-coats," who spent the greater part of the day in firing at every chip and 
 stick that appeared upon the surface of the water. And this was the encounter which 
 was celebrated in verse by Francis Hopkinson. 
 
 A quaint old building rises from the Fifth street front of Independence Square, just 
 south of the Mayor's office. It is occupied on the first floor by the Common Pleas 
 Court and the Water Department, and on the second, by the American Philosophical 
 Society. Under the influence of Benjamin Franklin, a " Junto," for mutual improve- 
 ment, was formed in the fall of 1727, whose membership was restricted to twelve, and 
 whose meetings were secret, to prevent the application of improper persons for ad- 
 ^mission. After an existence of nearly twenty years Franklin proposed a larger organi- 
 zation, presenting in 1743 the prospectus of a society "for the promotion of useful 
 knowledge among the British Provinces of North America." From this dates the 
 origin of the present association. The organization, under the prospectus of 1 743 
 declined gradually, until, in 1767, only six members remained, whose zeal and industry 
 effected its revival. A second society formed in 1750, for the discussion of natural 
 history, philosophy, sciences and morals, accepted in 1768 a proposition looking to a 
 merger with that founded by Fi-anklin, and a Union was effected January 2d, 1769. 
 On the 15th of March, 1780, these united bodies were incorporated as " The American 
 Philosophical Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge." Among the curious annals 
 of the early proceedings of this body is to be found a notice of the first steam engine 
 built in this city, and a description of the first boat ever navigated by steam, constructed 
 by John Fitch, accompanied by a working model. The site of the present hall was 
 given to the society by the state, in 1785, and the building was reared in 1789. In the 
 rooms of the society are a library of nearly twenty thousand volumes, a fine cabinet of 
 coins and an interesting array of antiquarian relics. . Among other invaluable memen- 
 toes of the past, which are here preserved, is the original draft of the Declaration of 
 Independence, drawn by Thomas Jefferson, containing the celebrated section con- 
 cerning the right of property in slaves, which was heatedly debated and finally 
 stricken out. ' 
 
Chcstmit Street. 29 
 
 Almost opposite, on tlie east side of Fifth street, is the venerable 
 PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 
 which was founded in November, A. D., 1731, by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas 
 Hopkinson, Thomas Cadwallader and a few other gentlemen. Mr. James Logan early 
 became a patron of the Company, and was delegated to select the books for the Library. 
 By his direction Mr. Hopkinson, then about to sail for England, was directed to invest 
 £65 in books, and the first importation was made in 1732. The liberality of the 
 company was early indicated in an instruction to the librarian, " to allow any person, 
 a member or not, to peruse the books, suffering none to be taken out by any non-sub- 
 scriber, Mr. Logan excepted." Dr. Franklin soon after became librarian, at an annual 
 salary of £6. John Penn sent with a present of an air-pump, in 1736, a letter saying : 
 " It always gives me pleasure when I think of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 
 as they were the first to encourage knowledge and learning in the Province of Penn- 
 sylvania." Among the rare presents received during the early period of the institution 
 was one from Benjamin West, the historical painter then in London, (1767) of a 
 woman's hand taken from an Egyptian mummy, and in a good state of presei-vation. 
 This hand was sometimes called Cleopatra's, and was extremely shapely. It remained 
 in this institution for some time, well-preserved, though exposed to the air, and then 
 all trace of it was lost. The company, in 1 740, occuisied the upper story of the State 
 House; in 1773, the second floor of Carpenter's Hall, and in 1789 the present edifice 
 was begun. Upon the corner stone is inscribed : 
 
 Be it remembered, in honor of the 
 
 Philadelphian youth, (then chiefly artificers) that in MDCCXXXI 
 
 they cheerfully, at the instance of Benjamin Franklin 
 
 one of their number, instituted the 
 
 PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 
 
 which, though small at first, is become highly valuable and extensively 
 
 useful, and which the walls of this edifice are now destined 
 
 to contain and preserve, the first stone of whose 
 
 foundation was here placed the 31st of August, MDCCLXXXIX. 
 
 © ■ © 
 
 In December, 1 790 the company removed to the new building. The heirs of Jas. Logan, 
 on February iSth, 1782, having made an appropriate transfer of. the valuable Loganian 
 Library, a building, which forms a wing of the present structure, was specially con- 
 structed to receive it. The statue of Franklin, which fills a niche over the main entrance , 
 was presented by William Bingham. This gentleman wrote to the Doctor, then in 
 Europe, concerning it and was answered : " that Franklin would approve of a gown 
 and a Roman head" and, in accordance with this expression the present statue was 
 executed. The alcoves and shelves of the library contain now over 100,000 volumes, 
 and the main room displays some rai^e mementoes of American Colonial history. A 
 word statistically concerning 
 
 THE BOOK COLLECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 There are, all told, 3700, comprising 2,985,770 volumes, and embracing the libraries 
 
30 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 of all the hospitals and benevoleBt institutions, of colleges, schools, (secular and 
 religious) and private offices, including those of lawyers and clergymen. 
 
 Before the entrance to the State House is a fine marble statue of Washington, 
 resting upon a massive granite pedestal, having been erected through the instrumentality 
 of the pupils in the public schools. Opposite is the American Hotel, a handsome and 
 well ordered public house ; the rooms of the Philadelphia Press Club, and the always 
 busy office of Adams Express Company. Walking east we find in the two squares 
 below the State Plouse much to challenge attention. One of the most conspicuous 
 ornaments of the street, and certainly one of the finest in existence, is the group of 
 banks on the north side of Chestnut, east of Fifth. They are five in number, and in 
 their composition granite and marble have been cut into fronts of the utmost solidity 
 and magnificence. The one nearest Fifth street is the Girard Building, principally 
 occupied by the People's Bank, and costing a quarter of a million. The banking house 
 of the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, adjoining 
 it, is of a darker granite and much more massive in appearance, requiring an outlay of 
 about the same amount. The main chamber is unusually imposing, having a clear 
 height, to a vaulted ceiling, of nearly sixty feet. This company does a vast amount 
 of business as an executor, and is estimated to hold nearly an hundred millions in 
 trust. Next to it is the white marble front of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, the 
 banking-room being at the rear. This institution was incorporated in 1809, and occu- 
 pied originally a plain building upon the same site, which was memorable as being the 
 residence of Admiral Howe, during 1777-8, when the British held possession of the 
 city. For a long while after the abolition of the old United States Bank, this institu- 
 tion was the depository for the moneys of the government. Upon the second floor is 
 located the " Clearing House," where twenty-seven National banks, having an aggregate 
 capital of |ii6,435,ooo, and a circulation of f 11,000,000, make their daily settlements. 
 There are in addition about twenty other banks in the city, of which twelve were 
 chartered by the State. The most conspicuous front in this costly group is that of the 
 Philadelphia National, incorporated in 1S04, with a capital fixed at a million and a 
 half. This bank was one of the largest creditors of the old Pennsylvania Bank, which 
 closed its doors during the crisis of 1857, the present structure, then partially completed 
 by it falling to the present institution. The facade, surmounted by a huge cornice, is 
 of heavy, dark granite, and is grandly imposing from any point of view. The building 
 is valued at $350,000. The last of the five is the new marble structure of the Phila- 
 delphia Trust and Safe Deposit Company. The style of architecture is both chaste 
 and bold, and the upper front holds a fine ornament in a large marble counterpart of 
 the city's seal, the female figures upon either hand being of a heroic size. 
 
 The central figure of the square, opposite this range of marble and granite buildings, 
 is the United States Custom House, originally constructed for the Second United States 
 Bank. The structure resting upon a stone dais, is isolated from all other buildings, 
 and is regarded as one of the most faithful imitations of the celebrated Parthenon, 
 designed by Pericles for the " August Athena," and situated upon the Acropolis of 
 
Chestnut Street. 31 
 
 Athens. The building of the Philadelphia fac-simile was commenced in 1 819, and 
 finished in 1S24, at an expense of nearly $600,000. It has a front of eighty-seven feet, 
 
 and a depth of one hundred and sixty-one, the 
 facades on Chestnut and Library streets being alike. 
 Each front consists of a heavy entablature and 
 pediment supported by eight massive fluted columns 
 of the Doric order, each twenty-seven feet in height, 
 and nearly five feet in diameter at the base. The 
 main hall, which is eighty-one feet long and forty- 
 eight wide, is richly ornamented with fluted Ionic 
 u s cobTOM HOUSE columus, and has a clear elevation of nearly fifty 
 
 feet to a vaulted and panelled ceiling. The building, purchased many years ago 
 by the Federal government for scarcely half its original cost, is one of the 
 most remarkable reproductions of Doric architecture, and in its chaste simplicity 
 and massive proportions, presents an appearance of unpretentious grandeur. It was 
 erected by the Second United States Bank, which was chartered by Congress, April 
 loth, 1816, with a capital of f 35,000,000, the Government taking $7,000,000 of its 
 stock. This gigantic institution commenced operations under the presidency of Capt. 
 William Jones, in January, 1817. In 1820 the distinguished Langdon Cheves, of South 
 Carolina, took charge of it and restored it from a languishing condition to one of great 
 prosperity. The subject of the renewal of its charter coming up, it was drawn into 
 the vortex of politics in 1833, and the deposits of the Governm_ent which had hitherto 
 been made exclusively with this bank, were removed by order of President Jackson. 
 The charter expired in 1836, and the Government purchased the building for its 
 present purposes. Directly west of it is the 
 
 POST OFFICE, 
 
 which will continue in use until the new one, at the corner of Ninth and Chestnut 
 streets, is finished. The present building is of a blueish shade of marble, in the French 
 style, with mansard roof. Here nearly thirty-five million letters, papers and pamphlets 
 are received and delivered annually, while in the contracted rooms, on the second 
 floor, which contains also the U. S. District and Circuit Courts and the U. S. Marshall's 
 office, a money order business of over three million dollars is yearly transacted. To 
 the east of the Custom House, standing at the corner of Fourth street, is a fine marble 
 building consisting of a portico of the Corinthian order, resting on a basement, and 
 flanked by v/ings. The western portion, the interior of which is splendid in size and 
 adornment, is occupied by the Western National Bank, chartered in 1832, with a 
 capital of $400,000, and re-organized as a National Bank in 1864. The eastern por- 
 tion is used by the Commonwealth Bank. South of this building, and fronting on 
 Fourth street, will be seen the imposing iron front of the Provident Safe Deposit and 
 Trust Company, and opposite the light and ornamental sandstone structere occupied 
 by the Central National Bank. 
 
 There are three conspicuous buildings on the north side of Chestnut, below Fourth; 
 
32 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 the first being the " Fidelity," of pure white marble, in the Italian style, which has 
 become the repository of a vast amount of wealth. The solidity of this institution did 
 much, to repress the great financial panic of September, 1873. It had at that time 
 about five millions on deposit, and a relentless "run" was made upon it by frightened 
 depositors. On the first day one million dollars were paid out ; on the second, nine 
 hundred thousand ; and on the third day general confidence was restored, when the 
 people found, instead of signs of exhaustion, the doors opened an hour before the 
 usual time. The " run " ceased, and money hastily drawn out was as hastily deposited. 
 The building contains many burglar-proof vaults, and its safe weighs one hundred and 
 fifty tons, and cost f 60,000. Below it is the 
 
 FIRST NyVTIONAL BANK, 
 the earliest organized in the country under the Act of Congress providing a system of 
 national banks. The front is of massive granite, with a clear height to the main hall 
 of sixty feet. The institution has a capital of a million, with a surplus of five hundred 
 thousand dollars. Two doors below it is an historic organization, whose early opera- 
 tions are closely identified with the progress of the nation in its childhood. The 
 Bank of North America was the first founded in the United States, being established 
 by Act of Congress in 1 781, to relieve the public finances which, on account of the 
 war of Independence, were very much depressed. To the joint exertions of this 
 institution and one of its originators, Robert Morris, is due the credit of restoring a 
 good circulating medium, and of saving the nation from threatened bankruptcy. The 
 Legislature of tbe state, in 1787, granted its present charter, which has since been 
 renewed. This bank commenced its career with coin sent out from France ; and the 
 remains of the gallant frigate Alliance, the favorite ship of Commodore Barry, which 
 brought it, are still to be seen at low tide on the southern shore of Betty's Island. In 
 the centre of the square on the south side is the peculiar, though extremely ornamental 
 building of the 
 
 GUARANTEE TRUbT AND SAFE DEPObIT COMPANY. 
 
Chestnut Street. 
 
 83 
 
 The front is divided into three features, — a central building, having on either hand two 
 large pavilions crowned with square, mansard towers. The prevailing architecture is 
 Italian, and the various colored brick, with carved stone and encaustic trimmings, give 
 it an exceedingly florid appearance. 
 
 But in this square there is another building, — retiring from the noise and crush of 
 the throbbiug life of a great thoroughfare, — which is not to be seen until the eye travels 
 directly down the narrow court which leads to it. This is the venerable Carpenter's 
 Hall, quaint and unassuming 
 in appearance, within whose 
 walls the first Congress, called 
 by an oppressed people, com- 
 menced on tlie 5th of Septem- 
 ber, 1774, those deliberations 
 which resulted in the achieve- 
 ment of American Indepen- 
 dence. The Carpenters' Com- 
 pany was organized in 1724, 
 and the structure, as it appears 
 to-day, was commenced in 1770 
 and not finished until the latter 
 part of 1 77 1. During 1774 and 
 1775 the Provincial Assembly 
 occupied it, in addition to the 
 First Continental Congress, and 
 in 1777 a portion of the British 
 army, then holding the city, 
 was quartered in it. In 179 1 carpenters' hall. 
 
 it was leased to the First Bank of the United States, and the large fire and burglar 
 proot vaults, constructed for its use, were only recently removed. The hall has at 
 various times been used for educational, benevolent, judicial and mercantile purposes; 
 but it now presents almost the same appearance as when occupied by the memorable 
 First Congress. It contains many interesting relics, among them being the chairs used 
 by the officers of that Congress, its original j ournal, and many time-stained documents 
 concerning the nation's early history. Over the President's platform, in the main 
 cliamber, is inscribed : " Within these walls Henry, Hancock and Adams inspired 
 the delegates of the Colonies with nerve and sinew for the toils of war," and over the 
 main entrance to the hall, beneath an arch of thirteen globes, representing the original 
 states, is an arrangement in gas jets of the words : " The Nation's Birthplace." 
 
 East of Third street are 
 
 jayne's massive granite buildings, 
 erected in 1851-2, at a total cost of $350,000. The centre one is eight stories in height. 
 Below it, upon the other side, is a brown stone structure used in part by the Bank of 
 
34 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Commerce, and chiefly notable as being for a long time the banking house of the late 
 John A. Brown, who, among other evidences of his liberality, gave, before his death, 
 $300,000 to endow the Presbyterian Hospital, located in West Philadelphia. 
 
 BARBADOES LOT 
 has peculiar interest in American church annals. It was an open space attached to 
 the large warehouse of the Barbadoes Trading Company, which formerly occupied the 
 northwest corner of Second and Chestnut streets, directly opposite from where the 
 omam.ental structure of the Com Exchange National Bank is erected. On this lot, in 
 1698, the earliest Presbyterians and Baptists in Philadelphia, commenced a religious 
 partnership, worshipping together for a long time in perfect harmony. In 1 704 they 
 abruptly dissolved, not in the highest spirit of amity. 'The Presbyterians continued on 
 the lot until the " Buttonwood " church was built, their first Presbytery being organized 
 in 1706. About the year 1733 a division occurred between those who favored " a 
 more ardent style of preaching, a higher evidence of personal piety in ministers, and 
 new measures in the mode of making converts," and those " who adhered to the 
 ancient usages and forms of Scotch Presbyterianism." These parties were called new 
 lights and old lights, the former led by the Tennents and others who had been warmed 
 by Whitfield's preaching, and the latter by Rev. Francis Allison. An open rupture 
 did not occur until 1742, when the new lights seceded from the old Barbadoes Lot 
 Congregation, and metfor a time in " Whitfield's College," occupying the present site 
 
 of the Union M. E. 
 
 Church, in Fourth 
 street. The division 
 was healed eventually, 
 the two parties re- 
 united and remained 
 as one until the break- 
 ing up into new and 
 old schools, in 1S38. 
 They have joined 
 hands a second time 
 with the promise of 
 enduring peace. The 
 original Baptist con- 
 gregation, after their 
 withdrawal, worship- 
 ped for a long time in 
 a Quaker meeting- 
 house which waskind- 
 LEDGER BUILDING. ly opcued for them. 
 
 Looking west of the State House the eye encounters, on Chestnut street, many imposing 
 structures. The Ledger building, at the corner of Sixth, — a handsome brown stone 
 
Chestnut Sti'eet. 35 
 
 edifice, five stories in height and surmounted with a mansard roof, — is unquestionably 
 one of the most complete newspaper establishments in the world. Below Seventh, 
 on the north side, is a range of five granite stores valued at nearly three-quarters of a 
 million, and belonging to the Jayne estate. On the corner stands Guy's Hotel, an 
 elegantly appointed house, conducted upon the European plan. Diagonally opposite 
 is the "Press" building. The old Masonic Hall, standing in the centre of the north 
 square, between Seventh and Eighth streets, now comes into view. It has an exceed- 
 ingly ornamental front of brown stone, in the pointed Gothic style, and for many years 
 was the home of the Grand Lodge of this state and its body of satellites. 
 
 At the southeast corner of Ninth street is located the 
 CONTINENTAL HOTEL, 
 without a superior in this country. It was finished in i860, at a cost of a million 
 dollars, and has remarkably fine accommodations for one thousand guests. The 
 building covers forty-two thousand square feet, is six stories high, main front of Albert 
 and Pictou stone. It is filled with elegant parlors and corridors, and two suites of 
 rooms, once occupied by the Prince of Wales and the Russian Grand Duke Alexis are 
 marvels of interior decoration and upholstery. On the opposite side of Chestnut 
 street is the Girard House, with a fine brown-stone front, relieved and decorated by 
 balconies, and valued at half a million. Adjoining it on the east is a building of 
 marble, beautifully embellished, which was occupied for many years by one of our 
 largest jewelry establishments, in the hope of winning business to the north side of the 
 street. The effort was not successful, the south walk continuing the principal 
 promenade. 
 
 On the eastern half of the square bounded by Chestnut, Ninth and Market streets, 
 with grand fronts toward each, the 
 
 NEW POST OFFICE BUILDING 
 is being erected. It will occupy the site of the old buildings of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, in which were located the Departments of Medicine and Arts. When 
 the structure containing the former was projected, it was found necessary to tear down 
 another to give place to it. In the work of demolition, at that time, this inscription, 
 on a marble block, was brought to light : 
 
 " This corner stone 
 
 of the house to accommodate 
 
 the President of the United States, 
 
 was laid May loth. 1782, 
 
 •ujhe7i Pennsylvania was happily out o/deht ; 
 
 Thomas Mifflin then Goveinor of the State.'' 
 
 Congress has limited the cost of the projected Post Office at four million dollars, but 
 
 it is estimated that it will not be completed for less than six millions. It is to be of 
 
 the French renaissance style, four stories in height and surmounted by a dome of grand 
 
 proportions and composed wholly of iron. The material for the walls will be granite 
 
 from the Dix Island quarries on the coast of Maine. The general dimensions will be : 
 
 length, 428 feet; depth, 152 feet; height, to top of main cornice, 90 feet; to top of 
 
3Q 
 
 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 
 
 dome, 184 feet; and the main front will look upon Ninth street. The first floor and 
 basement will be entirely devoted to the Post Office, and the main working room of 
 129 by 258 feet, will be the largest of its kind in the country. The second story will 
 be occupied by internal revenue, pension and other government offices, while the 
 United States Courts will be located upon the third floor. In addition to commodious 
 stone staircases, two handsome passenger elevators will run to the top of the building. 
 When completed it will be one of the most admired of our public ornaments. The 
 "Burd" Block, at the southwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut, embracing three 
 magnificent stores, is estimated at over half a million dollars in value. The superb 
 new building of the 
 
 NEW YORK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 
 
 stands on the site of the old Keene mansion, at Tenth and Chestnut streets. It looms 
 
 -^=_^_ _ up conspicuous above all 
 
 ^^ """^ ^" ~-=^— ~^^^^ _^ ^— ^ the adjacent structures, and 
 
 'S—- ^ gs=-=s ^g^ strikes the eye as one of the 
 
 ~^& most brilliant products of 
 ~ — 3 architectural skill. The 
 
 main walls are of Rhode 
 Island light granite, and the 
 style is the renaissance, the 
 columns and decorations of 
 the first story being Ionic, 
 and of the second and third, 
 Corinthian. The fronts are 
 enriched with granite balus- 
 trades, while in the centre 
 of that on Tenth street is a 
 sjDlendid projecting balcony 
 with two pillars of highly- 
 polished stone. All the or- 
 namentation of the various 
 cornices is rich and elegant, 
 and the rounded corner at 
 Tenth and Chestnut streets 
 has a graceful effect. The 
 grand entrance is in the 
 centre of the Chestnut street 
 front, the first story being 
 reached by a broad flight of 
 
 AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. grauitC StCpS. Thc cffcCt of 
 
 the columns and pilasters, the arched windows and doorways with their varied embellish- 
 ments, the balconies and the high-springing mansard roof with its pavilions, is sumptuous 
 
Chestnut Street. 
 
 37 
 
 and imposing. The structure is fire-proof throughout, and is furnished with all modern 
 conveniences and mechanical appliances. Its entire cost was one million dollars, and 
 no other edifice, devoted to the life insurance business, surpasses it in solidity or beauty 
 of construction. "West of it, standing back from the street and reached by a vestibule 
 paved with marble and walled with French plate mirrors, is 
 
 THE AMERICAN THEATRE, 
 
 costing over two hundred thousand dollars, capable of comfortably seating 2800 
 people, and standing upon the spot formerly occupied by the old Academy of Fine 
 Arts. Opposite are a number of marble buildings, of which that occupied by M'Callum, 
 Crease & Co., for size and splendor, is especially notable. ' At the southeast corner of 
 Twelfth and Chestnut streets stands the magnificent structure, with ornamental marble 
 front, and pressed brick sides, owned by Samuel S. White, and principally occupied 
 by Bailey's Jewelry store, one of the largest and one of the richest, in decoration and 
 display of goods, on this continent. Adjoining it on the east is the white marble front 
 of Robbins, Clarke & Biddle's Jewelry establishment, and below this the fine granite 
 building of the American Sunday-school Union, an association formed in 1824, " for 
 the concentration of the efforts of Sunday-school Societies in different sections of the 
 United States, together with the diffusion of useful information by moral and religious 
 publications, missions, etc." 
 
 THE CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE, 
 
 on the north side, above Twelfth, has been recently remodelled, greatly enlarged and 
 beautified. The original building was commenced in 1862 and opened in 1863, under 
 the management of Mr. William Wheatly, with Edwin Forrest as " Virginius." 
 Among the principal lessees since that time were Laura Keene and E. L. Davenport. 
 The theatre now will seat 2500 persons, and in its appointments, its stage machinery 
 and adornment, it takes rank with the finest in the land. Adjacent to it is Concert 
 Hall, a very large and well arranged place for amusement, and directly opposite are 
 the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association./ The United States Mint — an 
 institution that will well 
 
 repay an inspection, — is lo- 
 cated just above Thirteenth 
 street. It was established 
 by Act of Congress, of 
 April 2d, 1792, the first 
 direfctor being David Ritten- 
 house, LL. D., who was 
 appointed by President 
 Washington, A. D., 1794. 
 Work was commenced in a 
 building on the east side of the united states mint. 
 
 Seventh street, above Market, the first money — copper cents, — ^being coined in 1793. 
 In 1794 silver dollars were made, and in 1795 gold eagles. The machinery as well 
 
 
38 
 
 Ha7id-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 as the first metal was imported, great difficulty being experienced in obtaining a 
 supply of copper. Up to 1816 the work of coining was entirely by hand, but in that 
 year steam was introduced. Among the accounts foi 1792-93 were bills for rum, 
 cider, hay and straw, and "for the care and feed of watch-dogs." Liquor was allowed 
 in plentiful quantities as « a fatigue ration." The corner stone of the present building 
 was laid in 1829, the structure was completed in 1833 and rendered fire-proof in 1845. 
 It is in the Ionic order, copied after an Athenian temple. The portico is supported by 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION. 
 
 six beautiful pillars, and is approached by a wide range of steps. The building is princi- 
 pally of brick, faced in front with marble ashler. The steam engines and the apparatus 
 
Chestnut Street. 
 
 89 
 
 used in coining and milling are among the most intricate and costly in the world. It is 
 estimated that over seven hundred millions of gold bullion have been deposited here. 
 The most of the gold received comes 
 from Montana Territory, though the purest 
 specimens were from Georgia. The 
 largest scale in use will weigh over six 
 thousand ounces, and the smallest one- 
 thirteen-hundi-edth part of a grain. The 
 largest nugget which ever reached the 
 Mint came from California, in 1852, 
 and was worth $6000. The Mint con- 
 tains a fine cabinet of ancient coin, some 
 of which date to 700 years B. C. The the united states mint — interior view. 
 only robbery ever pei-petrated was in 1854, by an employee, who was detected. 
 Courteous ushers, from 9 A. M. to 12 M. each day, will show visitors through the 
 establishment and explain all the details of the process of coining money. This is the 
 main Mint of the United States, branches of which are located in other cities. It is 
 largely engaged in re-coining money for other nations, principally for China and Japan. 
 Directly opposite it is the building of the Presbyterian Board of Publication. It is in 
 the flat-arched modification of Gothic architecture, and its granite front, set off with 
 polished Aberdeen pillars, is quite imposing. The ground floor is occupied as a sales- 
 room, the second story is used for the officers of the Board of Education, the Disabled 
 Ministers' Fund, Trustees of the General Assembly, the various secretaries, and a large 
 assembly room for the weekly meetings of ministers, and other purposes. The building 
 occupies a lot 44 feet wide by 230 feet deep, and cost a quarter of a million dollars. 
 
 Among the numerous noteworthy objects in west Chestnut street, we must not omit 
 to mention the Colonnade Plotel, at the southwest corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut 
 streets. The accommodations 
 in this large west end hotel are 
 not surpassed either in extent 
 or in convenience eslewhere. 
 John Crump, Esq., who erected 
 this handsome building, is also 
 its present proprietor, and the 
 great success which has at- 
 tended this effort to establish a 
 first-class west end caravansery 
 speaks more eloquently in its 
 behalf than any description 
 which we could give. The the colonnade hotel. 
 
 mansion of the late Dr. 'Jayne, who left an estate of over two millions, is one of 
 the most beautiful and expensive in Philadelphia. It is at the southeast corner of 
 
 
40 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Nineteenth street, is wholly of marble, in a style exceedingly ornamental, and cost in the 
 neighorhood of $300,000. In the square above it is the quaint old residence, long the 
 home of Dr. Rush and his wife, who was the daughter of the late Jacob Ridgway, 
 the millionaire. This venerable building, which is valued at f 150,000, is said to have 
 been modelled after a section of the famous " Holland House," in London. The 
 church of the Epiphany, the largest of the Episcopal denomination in the city, stands 
 at the northwest corner of Chestnut and Fifteenth streets, and is rendered rich and 
 imposing by a large portico in the Doric order. On the opposite side of Chestnut 
 street is the Reform Club House. This club was organized, not as a partizan or 
 
 political body, and its mansion is thrown 
 open to the wives and lady acquaintances of 
 members, on the same plan as that adopted 
 by the Somerset Club of Boston. The 
 house, which is of marble, is splendidly situ- 
 ated and commands a pleasing view of a large 
 garden, beautifully adorned with flowers and 
 shrubbery, and in which a fine orchestra, 
 upon pleasant evenings, is stationed. The 
 club is one of the wealthiest in the city, and 
 its present location cost it nearly two hundred 
 thousand dollars. One of the most magnifi- 
 cent of modern business palaces is the dry- 
 goods establishment of Homer, Colladay & 
 Co., on the south side Chestnut, above Broad. 
 It is of marble, in a bold style of architecture, 
 the central feature being a plate glass window 
 forty feet in height. The property is valued 
 at f iSo,ooo. The Tabernacle Baptist church, 
 another ornament of the thoroughfare, rises 
 from the north side, above Eighteenth, and is 
 TABERNACLE BAPTIST CHURCH. exceedingly beautiful in its character and 
 
 proportions. It was finished in 1848, and is filled upon all religious occasions with a 
 very large and influential congregation. The spire, which is light and elegant in 
 design, reaches to the height of two hundred and twelve feet. Chestnut street is filled 
 with fine palatial dwellings as far west as Twenty -first street. 
 
The Eastern District. 
 VII.-THE EASTERN DISTRICT. 
 
 41 
 
 IIaRROW Water street, intimately associated with Delaware avenue, is a 
 great warehousing thoroughfare, bearing the occasional evidences of a once 
 fashionable career. There are to be seen, crowded between huge store- 
 houses, the patched up ruins of ante-revolutionary buildings. This bustling street, 
 now thronged with drays and merchandise, was once a fashionable walk, and that 
 portion lying above Arch street was the " court end " of the town. Front street, on 
 the brow of the blufil", concerning which Penn had such esthetic notions, is lined with 
 large buildings, with no pretensions of beauty, occupied in the wholesale liquor, woolen 
 and cotton trade, which is here extensively transacted. Second street is one of the 
 busiest thoroughfares of the city. From early morning until a late hour of the night, 
 its unbroken range of dry goods, clothing, grocery, house-furnishing and notion 
 stores, running from Washington avenue directly north for fully four miles, present a 
 constant scene of activity and the incidents usual to a great and varied business. Old 
 Christ Church stands on the west side, above Market. It was established in 1695, 
 under the auspices of the Rev. Mr. Clayton. The 
 original structure of logs, was one story high, with 
 ceiling so low as to be easily touched by the hand 
 of an upright person. The congregation, in those 
 days, assembled at the sound of a bell which hung 
 in the crotch of a tree. This same bell was some 
 time afterwards sent to and used at St. Peter's 
 church, on Pine street. In 1727 the nucleus of 
 the present building was commenced, and in 1 73 1 
 the eastern end, fronting on Second street, almost 
 as it now appears to the observer, was erected. 
 In 1753, by means of a lottery, of which Dr. 
 Franklin was one of the managers, the steeple, as 
 it stands 'to-day, was reared. The bells were cast christ church. 
 
 in London, in 1754, brought over in the ship Myrtilla, John Budden, Captain, 
 and put in place. They are the oldest in the city, and upon one of them is inscribed, 
 " Christ Church, Philadelphia, 1754; Thomas Lester and Thomas Beck made us all." 
 This is the first chime of bells, eight in number, ever brought to this country, with 
 one exception, that being the chime of its venerable name-sake in Boston, which was 
 brought over in 1 744. It is said that every time the Myrtilla entered port, subsequently 
 to their importation, Christ Church bells rang a psen of welcome. Originally there 
 was a bust of King George in bas-relief on the east front, but a local historian tells us 
 that, " during the excitement of Revolutionary times, some brave patriots procured a 
 ladder, and with a hatchet, left only the crownless trunk, as a warning to all future 
 oppressors of the inalienable rights of man !" Some of the original communion 
 plate, still we believe in its possession, was presented by the haughty Queen Anne. 
 
 
42 
 
 Hand-Book of PhiladelpJiia. 
 
 In 1772, Rev. Mr. "White, subsequently elected and ordained as the first bishop of the 
 Episcopal Church of Pennsylvania, was here inducted as assistant minister. The 
 Declaration of Colonial Independence was a trying event to the church. Established 
 under the Church of England authority, and ministered by her clergymen, the war 
 threatened the annihilation of her existence in this country ; but Providence turned to 
 her greatest advantage what seemed her certain destruction. The first general con- 
 vention of the Protestant Episcopal denomination of the United States, was held in 
 Christ Church, in 1789, and by this convention was the original constitution of the 
 church in this country adopted, Francis Hopkinson being the delegate from Pennsyl- 
 vania. The property on which the present quaint edifice, — the design of Dr. Kearsley, 
 — stands, was purchased in 1695, only thirteen years after the city of Philadelphia was 
 founded. The bells ring out as sweetly to-day as of yore, striking with a religious 
 melody upon the ear, and calling a new generation to the sacred place where Wash- 
 ington, Morris, Penn, Ashton and other historic men gathered weekly to hear the 
 word. The venerable pile was injured much by the work of 1836, when the old high 
 square pews were torn down, and the paved aisles, with many ancient tomb-stones, 
 were covered over with wood floors. 
 
 The Commercial Exchange is located in a fine brick and brown stone building, 
 on the east side of Second street, below Chestnut. The main hall, on the second 
 ^^^ ^^^ floor, in which the ship- 
 
 ^B^ pers and grain and flour 
 
 ^'^^ — " "^ "^^^ merchants congregate, 
 
 — ^E^ is one of the most hand- 
 
 some in the country, 
 and is the scene of a 
 daily exchange of values 
 to the amount of half a 
 million. The Philadel- 
 phia branch of the Gov- 
 ernment Signal Service 
 Department is located 
 in the tower and fully 
 supplied with instru- 
 ments for measuring the 
 velocity of the wind, 
 ascertaining the density 
 of the air, etc. The 
 building occupies the 
 site of the " Old Slate 
 COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE. Roof Housc,''^ crccted 
 
 in 1700, and demolished in 1868. In it John Penn, "the American," was born ; in it 
 General Forbes, the successor of Braddock, and the brave but eccentric John Lee 
 
The Eastern District, 
 
 43 
 
 died ; and in it resided, for a time, John Adams, John Hancock and Baron de Kalb, 
 who honored the cause of American Independence at the Battle of Camden. Opposite 
 is the massive fire-proof 
 
 UNITED STATES APPRAISERS' STOREHOUSE, 
 
 which cost a quarter of a million, and is built on the site of the Pennsylvania Bank, 
 which went down in the crash of 1857. 
 
 THIRD STREET. 
 
 Third street, from Walnut to Market, is the " Wall street " of Philadelphia. It is 
 a constant succession of banking offices, where an immense business in exchanges and 
 stocks is daily transacted. Here, side by side with legitimate brokers, you find the 
 stock jobber and speculator, — the "bulls" who become "bears," and the ", bears " 
 who become " bulls," — whose modus is simply to raise the market when they have 
 stocks to sell, and to lower it when they niust buy to fill contracts. Third street has 
 witnessed some great crashes and more than one " Black Friday." North of Chestnut 
 street is the Merchants' Bank, with a front in the Corinthian order, and ornamented 
 by a fine portico. South of it is the establishment of the Drexels, one of the largest 
 banking and brokerage firms in this country, with large branch houses in London and 
 Paris. Across the way is the granite building occupied by Clarke & Co., extensive 
 financiers, and adjacent the Philadelphia office of Pinkerton's Detective force. Below 
 Chestnut, on the east side, is the Vandyke Building, appearing, for all the world, as 
 one looks up, like a huge insect caught in a web. It is the central office of the 
 W^estern Union Telegraph Co., and flowing from its cornice is a perfect confusion of 
 wires. From this building radiate fifty-six lines to New York, eighteen to the West 
 and forty-three to the South. Below it is the ornamental Tradesmen's Bank, and at 
 the corner of Dock street, the Penn Building, erected in 1851, in the florid 
 Italian style and chiefly notable as being the first edifice, in Philadelphia, constructed 
 entirely of cast iron. A fine statue of the " Founder" ornaments a niche in the Third 
 street front. Conspicuous at this 
 point is the Philadelphia Ware- 
 housing Company's building, at 
 Dock and Relief streets, charac- 
 terised by the Lombardian fea- 
 tures of architecture, admitting of 
 variously colored brick, sand- 
 stone and encaustic tiles,and prin- 
 cipally ornamented by a main 
 doorway supported by massive 
 columns of blue marble. Upon 
 that triangular plot which is 
 formed by the intersection of merchants fxchanue 
 
 Walnut, Dock and Third streets, rises into fine view the Philadelphia Merchants' 
 Exchange, which was commenced in 1832 and and finished in 1834. It is constructed 
 
44 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 • of the purest Pennsylvania marble, from designsby William Strickland, and its original 
 cost was over three hundred thousand dollars. The rotunda, which is now the Board 
 of Brokers' room, was originally covered with ornamental designs by the distinguished 
 painter Monachesi. It is richly frescoed and handsomely furnished, and ought to be 
 visited during the calling of the regular boards, when stocks are feverish, by any one 
 desirous of acquiring a fair conception of a modern Babel. According to the annals 
 of the city. Dock street, upon which the eastern side of the building fronts, was the 
 bed of a flowing stream of water, on the margin of which once stood an Indian village. 
 'The entrance to the rotunda is principally from the east, by two semi-circular flights 
 of steps, guarded at the top by two enormous lions, exquisitely cut. The remaining 
 portions of the building are occupied by Shipping, Insurance and Brokers' offices, and 
 the exchange reading room, in which is also kept all the shipping news which concerns 
 this port. The central object of the west side of Third street, between Walnut and 
 Chestnut, is the imposing edifice of 
 
 THE GIRARD BANK. 
 
 This building, which has only recently been renewed, has a fine portico of fluted 
 marble columns of the Corinthian order, with wings on either side relieved by pilasters. 
 The entire front is faced with marble, save the cornice and pediment on which is 
 graven in relief an American eagle, which are of wood. The capitols of the pillars 
 are of lead. The construction of this edifice was commenced in 1795, and it is said 
 to have been the first public building erected, with a portico and pillars, in Philadelphia. 
 There is an entertaining history connected with this antique edifice. The First Bank 
 of the United States was incorporated in 1791 with a view to its aid in "conducting the 
 national finances," and its " advantages to trade and industry in general." The Insti- 
 tution erected and in 1795 occupied tliis fine property, and the " Great Bank," as it 
 was termed, expired, in 181 1, by its own limitations. Congress having refused to renew 
 its charter. Stephen Girard, whose East India commercial enterprises had netted him 
 a large fortune, purchased, through the Barings, in London, $500,000 of its stock, and 
 not long afterwards, buying the Third street edifice and effecting an arrangement with 
 its former cashier, Mr. George Simpson, he started a private bank in May, 181 2, with 
 a capital of f 1,200,000. This, we are told, was a bold stake at the opening of the 
 war with Great Britain, " yet the specie was never refused for a bank-note of Stephen 
 Girard." It is further said, respecting this wonderful financier, that when the New 
 United States Bank was started in 1816, he waited until the last moment before the 
 subscription books were closed, and then inquiring if all that wished had subscribed, 
 coolly took the balance of the stock amounting to $3,100,000. His own bank was 
 continued until his death, when it had accumulated a capital of four millions. It was 
 here that he was daily to be seen, personally attending to the minutest detail of his 
 vast business as a merchant banker, and here was finished that vast fortune which is 
 now a monument to his large-hearted liberality and benevolence. Upon his demise, 
 under the provisions of his will, the building became the property of the city. It is 
 now occupied partly by the Girard National Bank, originally chartered in 1833, with 
 
The Eastern District. 45 
 
 a capital of five millions, but re-chartered in 1847, with a reduced capital of a million 
 and a quarter; and partly by the City Treasurer and City Controller. Immediately to 
 the north is the old Jay Cooke banking-house, of brown stone, and the offices of the 
 Evening Telegraph and Public Record. The Evening Telegraph has been eminently 
 successful from its commencement. It is now the only afternoon paper in the city 
 which receives the Associated Press despatches, and its circulation is commensurate 
 with its enterprise; To the south of the Girard Bank is the office of the oldest 
 journal extant in America. The first public journal issued in Philadelphia was 
 The American Weekly Mercury, established in 1719, by Andrew Bradford. The 
 first daily newspaper published in the United States was the Pennsylvania Packet, 
 issued weekly in 177 1, and daily in 1784. This paper eventually passed into 
 the hands of Zachariah Poulson, who continued it under the title of The American 
 Advertiser. In 1840, coming into the possession of the Hon. Morton McMichael, 
 ex-Mayor of the city, it was merged into the present North American and Lhtited 
 States Gazette, which is issued from the building we have indicated. A little 
 further to the south we have the offices of the Sunday Mercury and the Sunday 
 Dispatch. It may be said of the press of Philadelphia that it has always been liberal 
 and progressive in tone, ably conducted by gentlemen of culture and high social 
 standing, and characterized at all times by a professional couitesy and an avoidance of 
 personalities which can be credited to few other communities. Venerable 
 
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, 
 
 shrinking from the busy highway, stands below Walnut street, almost opposite the 
 handsome light sandstone building of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. It was 
 erected in 1760, under peculiar circumstances. Watson says, " St. Paul's Church was 
 founded with the design of being more in accordance with the principles of Mr. 
 Wesley's church conceptions ; " but the records tell us that it was constructed by a 
 number of the congregation of old Christ Church, who had withdrawn from it because 
 of the dismissal of the Rev. Dr. McClenaghan, " without sufficient cause." The 
 ardent piety and peculiar style of Dr. McClenaghan having recommended him to the 
 Presbyterians, eighteen of their ministers, in 1760, wrote a letter to the Bishop of 
 London, who had jurisdiction over the Episcopal Church in the American Colonies, 
 requesting that he should be reinstated in Christ Church. The Bishop, in his official 
 capacity, knew no such order as " Presbyterians," and of course took no notice of the 
 letter. It finally leaked into the English papers, and thence came to Philadelphia, 
 where it excited raillery, explanations, apologies and satire, until it ended in a down- 
 right controversy, which became famously known as " The case of the Eighteen 
 Presbyterian Ministers ;" and old residents tell us, in their memoirs, that the jDamphlets 
 were hawked about the streets, and that, at late hours of the night, the shrill voices of 
 the newsboys could be heard crying out, " eighteen Presbyterian Ministers for a groat." 
 Two lotteries were held " in Captain Goodman's storehouse," and helped this church 
 enterprise considerably. The building is rough-cast, ninety by fifty feet, standing in 
 quite a spacious lot, with ranges of vaults, covered with plain marble slabs, on either 
 
46 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 
 
 side. In one of these lie the remains of Forrest, the Tragedian, near those of his 
 mother and sister. St. Paul's has, we believe, ever since the secession of a part of 
 the congregation from Christ Church, been an independent Episcopal body. 
 
 At the southvv^est corner of Third and Pine streets, rising from a ground thickly 
 studded with antique tombstones, is St. Peter's Church, a venerable edifice which is 
 regarded aifectionately by every citizen. It was commenced in 1758 as " chapel of 
 ease" to Christ Church, embracing many of its quaint and peculiar features. In 1760 
 it was so far completed that the vestry of Christ Church resolved to give it two bells, 
 and further decreed, in 1 761, that the new church should be called " St. Peter's," and 
 that " it shall be under the same government, and in every respect upon and equal 
 footing with Christ Church, and that the churches shall be supplied by the same 
 ministers in such manner that neither of them shall enjoy or claim the services of any 
 particular minister oftener than the other." In September, 1761, St. Peter's was 
 opened for divine service. Rev. Dr. Smith preaching the dedicatory sermon. The 
 structure cost £4765. During the Revolution it was for a long time in the possession 
 of the British, and its wood-work was partially destroyed, to afford fuel for the soldiers. 
 In 1784 the wall surrounding the church, as it now appears, was put up. The steeple 
 is of comparatively modern construction, and is furnished with a chime presented by 
 Mr. Wilcox, for many years an extensive China trader. The movement for the 
 separation of these congregations was inaugurated in 1825, and effected in 1831. 
 St. Peter's shares with Christ Church the pround name of being the garden in which 
 were grown and nurtured some of the fairest flowers of the Episcopal clergy. 
 
 On a number of cross streets, connecting Chestnut and Market, are located buildings 
 which claim attention. 
 
 THE EASTERN MARKET, 
 
 on Fifth street, is one of the largest and most attractive in the city, displaying an 
 immense stock of pure meats and fresh country produce. In a recess upon its front, 
 scarcely fifteen feet square, is the smallest cemetery in the city, containing the remains 
 of several families ; and across the way is a brewery, originally put ujJ a hundred years 
 ago by Henry Pepper, and with the exception of a recent repair, to insure safety, looks 
 as it did a century ago. 
 
 THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE BUILDING 
 is on the east side of Seventh, just above Chestnut. This institute was incorporated 
 in 1S24, " for the promotion and encouragement of manufactures and the mechanic 
 and useful arts by popular lectures, the formation of a library, with a cabinet of models 
 and minerals, offering premiums on all subjects deemed worthy of encouragement, and 
 by examining all inventions submitted to them." The membership embraces all 
 persons from capitalist to artisan, who are friendly to the mechanic arts. The structure 
 now occupied is plain and substantial, having a fine lecture room, in which discourses 
 on all the sciences, illustrated by experiments, are annually delivered, and upon the 
 second floor a library. The Institute has done a great work for technical science. 
 Under its auspices a school of design for women was opened, and as early as 1837 a 
 
The Eastern District. 47 
 
 signal weather service was projected by it and partly carried out. Its museum of relics 
 contains the celebrated astronomical clock, constructed by David Rittenhouse, which 
 of itself will repay a visit. The Journal of the Institute has a deservedly high repu- 
 tation, and is said to be the oldest extant mechanical periodical published in America. 
 This home of the sciences stands in the neighborhood of a cluster of newspaper 
 offices, and almost opposite the Gas Department, in the second story of which is located 
 the German Society, one of the best of our many charities, and especially designed to 
 assist emigrants from the " Fatherland." 
 
 On Tenth street, under the shadow of the massive pile dedicated to life insurance, 
 is the popular Mercantile Library, which was organized in 1 821 by a number of 
 merchants and bankers, with Mr. Robert Wain, a trader with the East Indies, as 
 President. In 1825 ne\yspapers were first taken, and in 1826 the library was changed 
 from an association of subscribers into a company of stockholders. In 1845 the 
 company erected the building now standing at the southeast corner of Fifth and 
 Library streets, which, finally becoming inadequate to its growth, was sold for $95,000, 
 and the Franklin Market, now occupied, was bought and altered at an expense of 
 nearly f 230,000. The building is 74 feet front and 184 feet in depth, and is one of 
 the finest, for library purposes, in this country. It contains 95,000 volumes, all the 
 principal papers of the country, a chess-room, with 24 tables, and has a membership 
 of nearly 12,000. The Philadelphia Board of Trade occupies a fine room to the left 
 of the entrance. Facing it is the 
 
 ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, 
 a dignified Gothic structure, the front consisting of two octagonal towers, 86 feet high, 
 terminating in embattlements, and connected by a screen wall 30 feet wide and sixty 
 high. The interior decorations are of the greatest beauty, and in the day-time they 
 are enhanced by a flood of " dim religious light," which pours into the sanctuary 
 through the many richly stained windows. Projecting from the north wall is a recess, 
 which, at all ceremonies is lighted. It contains a magnificent monument to the Burd 
 family, celebrated as one of the finest productions of the artist's chisel. The building 
 was erected in 181 1, by the Methodists, who gave it the name of St. Thomas' M. E. 
 Church, and occupied it for twelve years. It was then purchased by St. Stephen's 
 congregation, and consecrated, and has since been used by it, the first rector being 
 Rev. James Montgomery, and the present incumbent Rev. Dr. Rudder, whose ministry 
 has been marked by great success. The towers contain a rich chime of bells, and 
 the vocal and instrumental music at all the services is unexceptionally fine. 
 
 Just below Chestnut, on the west side of Tenth street, is 
 
 JEFFERSON COLLEGE. 
 
 Philadelphia's reputation as a centre of medical training is world-wide, and her two 
 principal colleges — Jefferson and the old University of Pennsylvania, — are nowhere 
 excelled in the advantages they present for the pursuit of this physical science. Their 
 degrees are most honorably esteemed by all practitioners and men of culture. Each is 
 now the Ahna Mater of a vast alumni scattered throughout the habitable globe, in 
 
48 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 whose existence she finds the best recommendation of her exalted character. At the 
 commencement of every semi-annual session the large list of matriculants, in both, 
 Xill be found to embrace the names of students representing every country, from 
 Labrador to Patagonia, and from Hawaii to Japan. Jefferson College was established 
 in 1825, first as a branch of that at Cannonsburg, Pa., by the exertions principally of 
 Dr. George McClellan, and the first sessions were held in the old Prune Street Theatre, 
 which long since passed away. It had the good fortune to be supervised and con- 
 ducted by men eminent both as educators and practitioners, and its progress was always 
 sure and unusually rapid. The building, now occupied by it, was designed by Le 
 Brun, one of the finest architects of his time, and whose genius is to be seen impressed 
 in many of the most conspicuous ornaments in Philadelphia. The front is embellished 
 by a hexastyle composite portico, the columns resting upon a high base, and being 
 admirably proportioned. The interior is divided into an anatomical lecture room, a 
 dissecting room, — large and well-ventilated, — and a museum filled with osseous, 
 nervous, vascular, muscular, ligamentous and other preparations for anatomical 
 demonstration. The clinical facilities of Philadelphia are unsurpassed, and the clinic 
 of this institution is held in the highest esteem, as it presents to the student cases of 
 every variety, from the rarest forms of disease and accident to those met with in the 
 usual daily practice. Besides this clinic there are, in the city, nineteen hospitals, nine 
 dispensaries and thirty-eight other charitable institutions which afford every facility 
 for the practical study of disease and injury. The faculty embraces the names of men 
 distinguished in medicine and surgery, and the cause of instruction is a combination 
 of didactic and clinical teaching, which is the result of many years' experience. A 
 magnificent hospital, projected by this institution, is soon to be erected. 
 
 THE HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE 
 
 was instituted in 1846, and is now regarded as one of the finest schools extant, where 
 Hahnemann's principles are carried out. It is located on the north side of Filbert 
 street above Eleventh, and has attached to it quite a large hospital ; while the 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, 
 
 among the first of Philadelphia's scientific schools, will be found in a modest building 
 on the east side of Tenth street, below Race. It was founded in 1821, and incorporated 
 in 1822, "to obviate a departure from the correct customs and established principles 
 of the drug and apothecary business," and has succeeded in greatly elevating the 
 standard of pharmaceutical skill in this city. The institution is well provided with all the 
 latest inventions in chemical apparatus, and has a fine lecture room, cabinet and library. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, 
 
 one of the principal edifices of the denomination in this^city, is to be found on the 
 east side of Thirteenth, above Chestnut, and presents a large and imposing front in 
 the Gothic style. Two square towers rise from either flank, the exterior walls being 
 stuccoed ' in imitation of marble. The church was built by the late Archbishop 
 Hughes, nearly fifty years ago, and was subsequently in charge of Archbishop Kenrick 
 and the late Father Dunn. The interior of the edifice is rich in decoration, the 
 
The Eastern District. 4:9 
 
 sanctuary being spacious and adorned by magnificent paintings, illustrating portions of 
 Scripture. The building will seat two thousand persons comfortably, and cost, 
 originally, one hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 WALNUT STREET, 
 
 east of Eighth, is filled with the offices of lawyers, conveyancers, brokers, shippers and 
 coal operators, and an immense business, which admits of little parade, is each day 
 quietly transacted. From Fifth street down, there is an almost unbroken front of fine 
 marble, brick and brown stone fronts, conspicuous among which are the Franklin, 
 Schuylkill Navigation and North Pennsylvania Railroad Buildings ; and looming up, 
 in the vicinity of Third street, the towering white iron front of Peter Wright & Sons' 
 shipping-house, which is become the general office of the American Steamship and 
 Red Star trans-Atlantic lines. 
 
 THE SKETCH CLUB. 
 
 In the same building — No. 524, — where we find the Numismatic and Antiquarian 
 Society, in the possession of a cabinet of rare coin, is the Philadelphia Sketch Club, 
 which occupies a very high position in fine art circles. It was organized in 1861, by 
 a number of young artists and students connected with the Academy of Fine Arts, and 
 was originally intended for social intercourse and study among professional artists and 
 amateurs. Since the dissolution of the Artists' Fund Society, the Sketch Club has 
 been, and still is, the only art club in the city, holding its meetings once a week and 
 engaging in off-hand sketching. Since the time when the Academy of Fine Arts sold 
 its original gallery, — now some six years ago, — there being no longer afforded by it 
 the usual facilities for study from the living model, this club organized a life class, 
 which has been well attended. In addition to this they have given and intend to 
 continue a series of lectures on artistic anatomy. Recently they issued a monthly 
 publication of the sketches of the members, reproduced by the photo-lithographic 
 process, and this enterprise excites the highest interest. The Sketch Club numbers 
 among its active members a. number of distinguished artists, such as Daniel R. Knight, 
 Howard Roberts, George F. Bensell, E. B. Bensell, Robert Wylie, A. F. Bunner, 
 Milne Ramsey — the still life painter, — and A. B. Frost the well-known caricaturist. 
 The achievements of Philadelphia painters have long been highly esteemed as models 
 in spirit and treatment. Among her leading artists of to-day, in addition to those 
 named above, are, P. F. Rothermel, historical painter ; George C. Lambdin and Felix 
 De Crano, genre painters; marine and landscapes, James Hamilton, Wm. T. Richards; 
 animal painters, Peter Moran, Newbold H. Trotter and Herman Simon; and portrait 
 painters, Jas. R. Lambdin, S. B. Waugh and Charles V. Brown. John Sartain has 
 long been celebrated as an engraver, and J. A. Bailly and Ploward Roberts as 
 sculptors. Philadelphia has, in addition, a number of distinguished lady-artists. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL ROOMS, 
 
 where is concentrated all the business concerning the approaching International 
 
 Exhibition, and where the Board of Finance and the General Executive Committee 
 
 are almost in constant session to digest and mature plans involving the outlay of 
 D 
 
60 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 hundreds of thousands of dollars, are on the south side of Walnut, just above Ninth. 
 Beyond, at the corner of Twelfth, we have the 
 
 TENTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 commenced in 1828 and completed in 1830, and at the northeast corner of Broad, the 
 
 DUNDAS MANSION, 
 
 one of the most beautiful in appearance and location in the city. It is a mastic building 
 with marble trimmings, having a main entrance through a rich portico. Its value is 
 largely augmented by its situation, and by the magnificent grounds which surround it. 
 It was originally erected by James Dundas, a meixhant and banker of this city, who 
 was, by descent, entitled to the peerage in Scotland which he refused. The mansion 
 is now occupied by Joshua Lippincott, Esq. 
 
 THE WALNUT STREET THEATRE, 
 
 built originally as a circus building in 1809, and remodelled in 1828 into the Olympic 
 Theatre, stands at the northeast corner of Ninth and Walnut, and has been for years 
 one of the most popular places of amusement in the city. It has a front of 90 feet, 
 and a depth of 146, presenting from the main thoroughfare a facade in marble of two 
 stories, with a range of Doric columns. The interior is arranged into orchestra, 
 parquette, dress circle, balcony and family circle, having nearly fifteen hundred seats 
 richly upholstered. The stage and scenery are among the finest extant. This is 
 principally a " star " theatre, and has witnessed the renditions of the greatest modern 
 tragedians from Kean, Kemble and Forrest, to Cushman, Janauschek and Ristori. 
 
 WASHINGTON SQUARE, 
 
 which fronts on Walnut street, between Sixth and Seventh, was one of the five original 
 designs of Penn, remaining unimproved until 1 81 5, when it was laid out as a public 
 walk. During the Revolution, when the patriot soldiers in Philadelphia were smitten 
 with yellow fever, two thousand were buried in trenches on a line with the present 
 Walnut street railing. The square was opened as a "Potters' Field," in 1704, and 
 closed as a place of interment " for strangers/' in 1795. It was originally surrounded 
 by a hedge, and there was for many years an enclosed lot noticeable in the centre, 
 which contained the remains of Joshua Carpenter's family, one of whom committed 
 suicide and was refused burial in a common church ground. In the centre, now, but 
 not discoverable to the eye, is the first stone of what was intended to be a grand 
 monument to Washington. It was laid as early as 1833, and no addition has since 
 been made to it, though it is declared that v/hen the means in bond reach one 
 hundred thousand dollars, the project will be realized. Surrounding the square are 
 many places deserving attention. The Law Library, commenced by a few gentlemen 
 of the Philadelphia Bar, in 1S02, and embracing now a rare collection of English, 
 Irish and American reports, and a complete department of text books, digests and 
 statutes of this and the mother country, is located on the second floor of the building 
 at the southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut streets. The AtheiSseum Building is 
 directly opposite the eastern entrance to the Square. It is in the Italian style of 
 architecture, quite imposing in dimensions and pleasing to the eye. It was opened in 
 
The Eastern District. 51 
 
 October, 1847, nearly two years having been occupied in its construction. The 
 Athenaeum Association has its library — a very fine one, — and its reading and chess 
 rooms upon the second floor. The first story is principally occupied by the 
 
 BOARD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION, 
 
 which has here a fine meeting room, with offices for its executive officers. The 
 United States has become a country of schools, and Philadelphia has acquired the 
 reputation of being the capital of this scholastic empire ; for, besides her scientific 
 colleges, her theological seminaries and many private academies, she has a chain of 
 401 public schools, with a registered membership of over one hundred thousand 
 pupils, and an average daily attendance of ninety thousand. This army is exclusive of 
 the attendance of nearly fifteen thousand men and women at the thirty-eight night 
 schools which are opened each fall. The teachers employed numbered, m 1873, 1835, 
 of whom 1663 were females, and the total value of school property was, in that year, 
 roundly estimated at four millions and a half. The character in architectural display 
 and internal accommodations of the schools of this city will compare most favorably 
 with those of any other American or European community. The first in Philadelphia 
 was opened in 1683, by Enoch Flower, shortly after Penn's arrival, whose terms were : 
 " To learn to read, 4 shillings by ye quarter ; to learn to read and write, 6 shillings by 
 ye quarter; to learn to read, write and cast accounts, 8 shillings by ye quarter; and 
 for boarding a scollar, that is to say dyett, washing, lodging and scooling, £10 for one 
 whole year." The earliest school-book published here was issued in 1675. I" the 
 infancy of the public school system in this city, the "horn-book," was in general use. 
 It was simply a long half sheet of paper, on which were printed the numerals, the 
 alphabet and the Lord's Prayer. This paper was pasted on a thin board, terminating 
 in a handle, not unlike a paddle, and over the printed matter was fastened a thin piece 
 of transparent horn to protect the letters from obliteration. In those days ink was all 
 of the teacher's home-made manufacture, out of nut-galls and rusty nails, the ink-stand 
 was a cow's horn sawed off, and the scholars were supplied with quills, which the 
 master mended while the boys and girls read. It is recorded of an ancient pedagogue 
 in Philadelphia, that for four months, while he mended pens, his pupils read, 
 " Nebuchadnezzar, the king, set up an image of gold," and nothing else. It is further 
 reported that " leather spectacles were worn for slighted work, and a necklace of 
 Jamestown burs, strung on a line, was used to help the pupils sit up straight." These 
 reminiscences are pleasing now as we contemplate them in the presence of the stately 
 improvements of to-day, and of which Philadelphia may fairly be proud. 
 
 Directly opposite the southern entrance to the Square is the First Presbyterian 
 Church, which was regarded as the most ancient organization of that communion in the 
 country, until 1835, when the evidence of an older congregation was discovered at 
 Rehoboth, on the eastern shore of Maryland. The earliest record of the present 
 church dates back to 1698, the congregation worshipping then, in connection with the 
 Baptists under Rev. John Watt, in a house on the " Barbadoes Lot," at the northwest 
 corner of Second and Chestnut streets. By the aid of contributions from Boston the 
 
52 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia, 
 
 " Old Buttonwood " church, at Market and Bank streets was erected, in 1729, and in 
 August, 1772, the congregation was granted a charter of incorporation by Richard 
 
 ^<^^^ 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Penn, Esq., Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-chief of the Province of Penn- 
 sylvania, being rechartered in 1796, by the State Legislature. In 1819 removal was 
 agitated, and the purchase of the present lot was advocated, because " it can be 
 approached by the streets on all sides, and three walks through the "Square. It 
 possesses all the advantages of light and air derived from a corner situation, without 
 the usual disadvantage of noise, and it will be the most quiet situation, because a chain 
 across towards the Square and another across Seventh street, will prevent any carriages 
 fro??t coming within a square on the northern j eastern or western sides." The lot was 
 secured in 1820, and the present edifice commenced. It presents a noble appearance, 
 being 140 feet in length, 75 feet in width, and in the Ionic order of architecture, having 
 towards Washington Square a fine portico. The main audience room, which 
 comfortably seats 1300 persons, is surrounded by a wide gallery, having in the north 
 end a powerful organ. The ceiling is arched at the corners, with a large gilded 
 
The Eastern District. 
 
 63 
 
 ventilator as its central ornament, and the walls are beautifully frescoed. Among the 
 distinguished men who have here officiated were Jedediah Andrews, 1 701 to 1747 ; 
 Rev. Francis Allison, D. D., Vice-Provost and Professor of Moral Philosophy in the 
 College of Philadelphia, 1752 to 1779; Rev. John Ewing, D. D., Provost and Pro- 
 fessor of Moral Philosophy, in the University of Pennsylvania, 1779 to 1S02; Rev. 
 Jno. Blair Lima, D. D., 1801 to 1S04, and Albert Barnes, 1S30 to 1868. Perhaps it 
 is needless, in a work of this character, to do more than remind the reader of the 
 world-wide fame of the last named distinguished divine. By a life of unwearied 
 industry, manifested among those who knew him best by a patient, humble and fervent 
 spirit, combined with a deep insight and great literary ability, he engraved his name 
 deeply on the memories of his people, and, by the numerous works which issued from 
 his pen, encouraged and quickened the study of the Bible throughout the world. 
 
 Opposite the northwest corner of the Square, is the splendid granite structure of 
 the Philadelphia Sav- 
 ings Fund, which was 
 established in 181 6. 
 The annual deposits 
 in this institution 
 amount to $4,500,000, 
 and it has in its safe- 
 keeping now above 
 f 1 2,000,000 due the 
 hard-working women 
 and men of this city. 
 Below, on the north 
 side of Walnut street, 
 is the brown stone 
 building of the Penn- 
 sylvania Bible Society, PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND, 
 
 which was organized in 1809, for the sole design of circulating the Scriptures without 
 note or comment, by sale to those able to buy, and by gift to those too poor to pur- 
 chase. Before leaving Walnut street, one other worthy institution should not be 
 overlooked. The Agricultural Society, located upon the second floor of the building 
 at the southwest corner of Ninth street, was established by Robert Morris, Dr. Rush 
 and Richard Peters, as early as 1785, and still survives, surrounded by innumerable 
 sister associations. 
 
 The grand old Pennsylvania Hospital stands in the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, 
 Spruce and Pine streets, and in one of the handsomest sections of the city. Its 
 establishment dates back to January 23d, 1750, when, through the appeal of Dr. 
 Thomas Bond, associated with a few others, the Pennsylvania Assembly granted 
 towards the charity two thousand pounds, to be paid over as soon as a like sum was 
 privately subscribed. This was soon secured, and on the ist of May, 1751, a meeting 
 
54 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 
 of the contributors was held at the State House, and an organization effected. Among 
 
 the managers then elected was Benjamin Franklin, The charter, which was at once 
 
 obtained, provided for "the relief of the 
 
 sick, and the reception and cure of 
 
 lunatics." The entire square, with the 
 
 exception of a space in the centre of 
 
 the Pine street front, is surrounded by a 
 
 high brick wall, the pavement beyond 
 
 being lined with trees. The cluster of 
 
 buildings, as they appear from the south, 
 
 present a quaint and venerable aspect, 
 
 having an extreme length from east to 
 
 west of 281 feet. The western wing 
 
 was erected in 1796, and the central 
 
 building, which is connected with either 
 
 wing by large and commodious wards, 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA HospiTAu was finished in 1S05. It is 64 feet front, 
 
 61 feet deep, and has a cupola surrounded by a balustrade, 72 feet from the ground. 
 
 The eastern wing was the first portion erected, the corner stone having been laid on 
 
 the 28th of May, 1755. It bears the following inscription, written by Dr. Franklin : — 
 
 In the Year of Christ 
 
 MDCCLV 
 
 George the Second happily reigning 
 
 (For he Sought the happiness of his People,) 
 
 Philadelphia Flourishing, 
 
 (For its inhabitants were public spirited) 
 
 This Building, 
 
 By the bounty of the Government, 
 
 And of many private persons. 
 
 Was piously founded 
 
 For the Relief of the Sick and Miserable; 
 
 May the God of Mercies 
 
 Bless the undertaking. 
 
 In the centre of the south lawn is a bronzed leaden statue of William Penn, presented 
 
 by his grandson, John Penn, in I Sol. Nearly one hundred thousand patients have been 
 
 admitted to this Hospital since its foundation, and one half of this number were 
 
 supported during their illness entirely by the institution. Previous to i S41 a considerable 
 
 portion of the building was devoted to the care of the insane, but in that year the fine 
 
 new Hospital in West Philadelphia was completed, and the transfer of patients suffering 
 
 from mental diseases was then made. North of and adjoining the central building is 
 
 an amphitheatre for clinical purposes, where, during the sessions of the medical colleges, 
 
 the students gather in great numbers to acquire practice in both medicine and surgery. 
 
 In that building which ornaments the centre of the Spruce street front, — originally 
 
 erected for the exhibition of West's celebrated painting of " Christ healing the sick," 
 
 for the benefit of the Hospital, — the Pennsylvania Historical Society is now quartered. 
 
 This society, which is the custodiari of Philadelphia's most precious archives, was 
 
The Eastern District. 55 
 
 originated in 1825. It was at first small in numbers, unimposlng in possessions, and 
 without a habitation of its own, but it was confident in hope, zealous in endeavor and 
 fruitful in good works. Books were brought together, manuscripts were sought for 
 and rescued from destruction, and a scheme of large usefulness was planned and 
 carried out. For twenty years it remained under the protecting shadow of the 
 American Philosophical Society, and then it removed to the upper story of the 
 Athenteum Building, and finally reached its present haven. It has now 600 members, 
 a library of 1 2,000 volumes, a collection of almost 80,000 pamphlets, a gallery of 65 
 portraits and 12 historical pictures, numerous engravings and manuscripts, including 
 William Penn's collection, which was recently secured for $4000. Philadelphia was 
 first upon this continent (in 1687-8,) to print the Holy Scriptures ; first (in 1689,) to 
 maintain the liberty of the press against arbitrary power; and first, as far back as 1690, 
 to establish a paper mill in the British Provinces. All three facts were known, of 
 course, a hundred and fifty years ago, but the knowledge of all had, until recently, 
 departed from the earth, and the honor, which in every case belonged to Philadelphia, 
 was in the first one transferred to- Massachusetts, in the second to New York, and in 
 the third to New Jersey. By the merest accidents imaginable in each instance has the 
 truth been discovered and justice done through this society to the men and to the place 
 to whom and to which it was due. Among the relics in the possession of the society 
 is a vane, now regilded and surmounting the roof, which belonged to the old mill near 
 Chester, which, in 1699 was erected with material brought from England. William 
 Penn, Samuel Carpenter and Caleb Pusey were partners in it. Here also is to be 
 seen one of the oldest printing presses in America, constructed by " the Spiritual order 
 of the Solitary in Ephrata," and a number of books printed on it, as early as 1748. 
 George Washington's Parisian writing desk, the Royal Arms of England, a symbol of 
 sovereignty once displayed in the Court House which stood in the centre of Market 
 street, near Second ; the stamp of March 22, 1765, which was preserved in the Tower 
 of London, from the time of the early days of the Georges until 1852, when it came 
 into the possession of this society; the "Great.Belt of Wampum," delivered to William 
 Penn, at the Treaty of 1688, under the Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, which priceless 
 treasure was bestowed by Granville John Penn. All of these and hundreds of other 
 relics of antiquity are preserved by this institution. 
 
 THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, 
 chartered in 1789, "to advance the science of medicine and therefore lessen human 
 misery by investigating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to this country," 
 is located at the northeast corner of Thirteenth and Locust streets. It consists of 
 Fellows, who are practitioners living in the city, and Associates who are distinguished 
 physicians residing beyond its limits. The transactions of this body are exceedingly 
 valuable to the sciences of medicine and surgery, and the Quarterly issued by it is 
 highly esteemed by the profession. It was in this building that the dissection of the 
 band which connected the celebrated Siamese Twins after their death was made, and 
 settled affirmatively, in the opinion of the college, the long mooted question of the 
 
56 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 fatality of attempting any separation of the twins during their life. West of the 
 college, on Locust street, is the 
 
 MESSIAH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, 
 a fine example of Gothic architecture, which was dedicated November 19th, 1S51. 
 Pacing it is the Protestant Episcopal Academy, which, under the auspices of Bishop 
 White, was established in 17S5, and revived by Bishop Potter in 1846. The building 
 has a striking appearance, being constructed of red sandstone and characterized by all 
 the features of the Elizabethan style. The students here pass through all the studies 
 that are preliminary to their entrance upon a course of theologial study. St. Luke's 
 P. E. Church is a prominent ornament of Thii-teenth street, just below Locust. It is 
 a commodious and beautifully decorated edifice, having a commanding portico sup- 
 ported by Corinthian columns, and approached by broad fights of steps. It was 
 erected in 1840, Rev. W. W. Spear being its first rector. From 1845 until a few years 
 since, Rt. Rev. Mark Anthony De Wolfe Howe, now first Bishop of the Central 
 Diocese of Pennsylvania, occupied the pulpit, and under his distinguished ministry 
 many missionary and benevolent enterprises were inaugurated. On Locust, at the 
 corner of Tenth, is the 
 
 FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH, 
 
 embodying the prevailing features of the ancient Grecian temples. The first avowed 
 Unitarian preacher in Philadelphia was Rev. Dr. Freeman, who commenced his career 
 here in 1774. In. 1799 he founded a congregation, which rapidly increased, purchasing 
 the present site in 181 5. The edifice, as it appears to-day, was commenced in March, 
 1828. Rev. Dr. Furness, the pastor still officiating, was ordained in 1825. . A short 
 distance south, on Ninth street, the stately proportions of the old Pennsylvania College 
 Building fix the attention. The corner stone was laid in May, 1849, and the finishing 
 touches were added in October, 1850. The building is 60 by 85 feet, and of five 
 stories, having a front of brown stone, in the Collegiate Gothic order of architecture, 
 relieved by two massive towers 80 feet high and crowned with a rich embattled parapet. 
 The Pennsylvania College long since went out of existence, and a number of efforts to 
 revive it, under different names, have only been rewarded with ephemeral success. 
 
 Musical Fund Hall, on Locust street, above Eighth, was built in 1824, by a society 
 founded in 1820, " for the relief of decayed musicians, the cultivation of skill and the 
 diffusion of taste in music." The Hall, which seats 2000 persons, is constantly in use 
 for balls and concerts, both vocal and instrumental. 
 
 ST. Andrew's church, 
 copied from the Temple of Bacchus at Teos, is to be seen on Eighth street, just above 
 Spruce. The stately front is one of the most perfect specimens of the Grecian Ionic 
 order in the city, consisting of a portico of six fiuted columns, supporting a heavy and 
 elaborately ornamented entablature, and approached by a low range of steps, extending 
 the entire length of the facade. The main entrance is through a panelled door, 
 twenty-fiv_e feet high and fourteen feet wide. The interior of the edifice is relieved by 
 a gallery supported by columns with palm-leaf capitals, and the design of the chancel 
 
The Eastern District. 67 
 
 is unusually beautiful, being copied from the Temple of Minerva Polius at Athens, 
 and enriched with all the pillars, pilasters and entablatures to be found in the original. 
 The organ, — a very fine instrument, — is designed as a huge gilded lyre. This church 
 has a very large sitting capacity, and is the one in which annual Diocesan conventions 
 are held. The oldest dispensary in Philadelphia, founded in 1786, is to be seen on 
 Fifth street, below Library ; and the oldest African church, — St. Thomas' Episcopal, 
 built in 1793, — on the same thoroughfare, just below Walnut street. 
 
 Philadelphia is now the centre of a vast and continually expanding railroad system, 
 which extends to all points of the compass. It reaches to the ocean, threads the rich 
 interior of our own state, pushes to the extreme north, commands the seaports of the 
 east and northeast, fixes its termini upon the Gulf, spreads its iron net work throughout 
 the great west and finally plants its feet on the shores of the Pacific. Starting from 
 the North Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, on Berks street, the passenger may, via the 
 Lehigh Valley road, reach Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Canada, without once changing 
 his seat. Northern Pennsylvania and New York are, by half-a-dozen routes, within 
 reach of the Reading Railroad, and by the almost endless combinations of that gigantic 
 corporation — the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the vast interior of the North 
 American continent is opened to the traveller who leaves its depot in West Philadelphia. 
 We speak of this here, because the enormous business of these two latter organizations 
 is concentrated on the east side of Fourth street, below Walnut. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY, 
 
 now occupying the massive granite building at the south corner of Willing's Alley, 
 which cost three hundred thousand doUai^s, was incorporated in 1846, and the late 
 J. Edgar Thomson, the predecessor of Col. Thomas A. Scott, now President of the 
 organization, supervised the construction of the road, from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, 
 there being in existence then an imperfect line from the former place to Philadelphia. 
 The through line was completed in 1S54. Twenty years ago the Pennsylvania Railroad 
 was but a link between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, but now it has its eastern termini 
 at New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, uniting them by its own direct 
 lines with all the cities from Chicago to New Orleans. It owns two thousand miles of 
 completed road, upon which it runs eleven hundred locomotives, one thousand first- 
 class passenger cars, and employs twenty-five thousand cars in its immense freight 
 traffic. Its workshops cover five hundred acres, and its total assets of every nature 
 are placed at nearly one hundred and eighty millions of dollars. Of the seventy 
 thousand miles of railroads in the United States it controls 5933, and of the total 
 railway capital of this country, which reaches the enormous figure of $3,784,543,034, 
 it controls a little over three hundred and ninety-eight millions. These sums will give 
 a fair conception of the vast business which is centralized in the granite pile on Fourth 
 street. The 
 
 PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD COMPANY, 
 
 which occupies the fine brown stone building just north of Willing's Alley, was 
 chartered in 1833, the original terminus then contemplated being Reading. The line 
 
58 Hand-Book of PhiladelpJda. 
 
 has, however, extended beyond that point, and is justly regarded as one of the finest 
 freight roads in the world. The first locomotive and train of this company ran over 
 the entire line on the ist of January, 1842, the event being celebrated by a grand 
 military display, and, as a local journal tells us, " an immense procession of 75 passenger 
 cars, 2225 feet in length, and containing 2150 persons, with three bands of music and 
 banners, all drawn by a single engine. In the rear was a train of burden cars with 
 180 tons of coal, part of which was mined the same morning, 412- feet above water 
 level." The company now owns 759 miles of track, leases 623 miles of track, and 
 controls 57, making a total length of 1440 miles of line operated. The receipts of 
 the road are over fifteen millions annually, and the value of its property is estimated, 
 including coal lands, at over one hundred and twenty million dollars. 
 
 Willing's Alley, which separates these two railway palaces, is a narrow thoroughfare 
 of considerable historic interest, and there are still to be seen, fringing its northern 
 front, a few small brick structures, put up before the incoming of the present century, 
 and with almost their original cast of countenance. Back of them, and hidden from 
 view, is the small high-pitched-roof structure, erected before the year 1700, and 
 memorable as the first Friends' yVlmshouse in Philadelphia. 
 
 ST. Joseph's church, 
 — a name which, in the hearing of the Catholics of this city, awakens in them feelings 
 of excusable pride and veneration, — shrinks from sight in the shadow of the Reading 
 Railroad Building. Its walls are fragrant with the incense of a century's ceremonies, 
 and have witnessed the labors of the beloved Fathers Vespure, Blox, Barbelin and 
 De Maria. The church was founded in 1733, by the Jesuits, the lot of ground on 
 which it stands being procured in that year, who erected first upon it a small wooden 
 building, which was twice pulled down by the soldiers, under Colonial authority. The 
 soldiers, when they came the third time to level the structure which had been re-erected, 
 were invited by the Fathers into the building, who furnished them with refreshments 
 and then advanced the plea that as the building was not only a church but a dwelling, 
 there was a sufficient ground against its demolition by those opposed to the order. 
 This plea was successful, and the soldiers attempted no more acts of demolition. In 
 1821 old St. Joseph's Church was enlai'ged, and in 1838 the present building was put 
 up, the original brick being replaced in the walls. It was in this sacred edifice that 
 Washington and the members of the Colonial Congress assembled to return to France, 
 through Lafayette, the thanks which so well she deserved for the aid she extended 
 during the struggle of the Revolution. 
 
 OLD ST. Mary's church, 
 on Fourth street, below Willing's Alley, was erected in 1763, as a " chapel of ease" 
 to St. Joseph's, and was enlarged in 1810. The office of the first Fire Insurance 
 Company organized on this continent, — the Philadelphia Contributionship, dating from 
 1751, — is still in profitable existence on Fourth street, just opposite Willing's Alley. 
 
 THE OLD PINE, OR THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 formed in 1760, by a withdrawal of a number of families from the First Church, 
 
The Eastern District. 59 
 
 obtained from Thomas and Richard Penn, in October, 1 764, the present lot of ground 
 at the corner of Fourth and Pine streets. A small frame building was first erected 
 upon it, near which, tradition tells us, Whitfield was accustomed to preach to assembled 
 thousands. The present building was commenced in 1766, opened in June, but not 
 completed until November, 1768. The church was designed to be held in perpetual 
 union with the First, but this association did not continue long. Rev. George DuffiehJ, 
 of Carlisle, became its pastor in 1771, and, in connection with Bishop White, was 
 Chaplain to Congress. John Adams, afterwards President, was one of the most constant 
 members of his congregation. During the Revolution the church suffered severely. 
 It Was used by the British as a hospital, and after it had been stripped of its pews, 
 pulpit and windows, for the purposes of fuel, it was turned into a stable for the horses 
 of the dragoons. Dr. Duffield was with Washington during his retreat through New 
 Jersey, and at the battles of Princeton and Trenton. So obnoxious was he to the 
 enemy, that a prize of fifty pounds sterling was offered for his head. His remains now 
 rest under the centre aisle of the lecture room. Among the distinguished pastors of this 
 church were Rev. Jno. Blair Smith, D. D., 1791 to 1799; Rev. Archibald Alexander, 
 D. D., 1799 to 1812; Rev. Ezra Styles Ely, D. D., 1813 to 1835; and Rev. Thomas 
 Brainerd, D. D., 1S37 to 1866. Rev. Richard H. Allen is now pastor. Among the 
 graves of distinguished men filling the church yard, is. that of David Rittenhouse, 
 astronomer and signer of the Declaration of Independence. On Spruce street there 
 are two notable churches ; that of the old Scot's Presbyterian Congregation, above 
 Third, which was erected in 1771, and used as an army hospital by the British in 
 1777 ; and that of the Spruce Street Baptist Congregation, above Fourth, which was 
 erected in 1829, having a novel and pleasing elevation, flanked by cupolas. 
 
 There is another precious relic farther down, which no visitor should fail to see. 
 The first church built by the Swedes in this vicinity was erected on Tinicum Island in 
 September, 1646. In the summer of 1677, a log-house was built on the present site 
 of the venerable 
 
 GLORIA DEI, OR SWEDES' CHURCH, 
 
 in Swanson street, below Christian, near the Navy Yard, and this block -house, erected 
 four years before the arrival of Penn's colony, was used as a refuge in times of trouble, 
 and as a place for worship. The present edifice was dedicated July 2d, 1700, by Eric 
 Biork. The general design of the building is cruciform, and the interior is exceedingly 
 quaint. The gallery front is decorated by wooden cherubim brought over from 
 Sweden. Up to 1731 the ministers were sent over from the mother country. The 
 oldest gravestone in the yard is inscribed, " Here lyeth ye body of Peter Sandel, son 
 of Andrew Sandel, minister of this church, who died April ye 21st, 1706," the 
 material being soapstone, which seems to have withstood the ravages of time very 
 well. Those who have read the memoirs of Alexander Wilson, the distinguished 
 ornithologist, will remember that he wished to be buried in a spot where the birds 
 might sing over him. His grave and monument are to be found in this old yard. 
 The Philadelphia County Prison, which was first occupied in October, 1835, is 
 
60 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 located on Passyunk Road, just below Reed street, and consists of a massive centre 
 building, with receding wings on either side, flanked by heavy octagonal towers, and 
 having beyond these towers walls which terminate in bastions. The appearance is 
 
 PHILADELPHIA COUNTY PRISON. 
 
 that of a huge and almost invulnerable stronghold, rendered unusually conspicuous by 
 the order of architecture employed, — the Tudor style of English Gothic, — much in 
 vogue in the I5lh and 1 6th centuries. The walls are of Quincy granite. Upon the 
 northern side is a brown stone structure in the heavy Egyptian style, which was 
 formerly used as the Debtor's Prison. The annual commitments to this institution 
 reach about fourteen thousand. Under the shadow of the rear wall, and back of the 
 main wings, is the spot where all executions take place. Within a very short distance 
 of the Prison, at the comer of Tenth and Dickinson streets, is the Church (R. C.) of 
 the Annunciation, in the Gothic order, erected in iS6o. The interior is elaborately 
 ornamented, each window being surmounted by the bust of an apostle, while the 
 sanctuary is decorated by full length figures of the four Evangelists. The interior, in 
 a word, is a finished work of art. At the corner of Eleventh and Catherine streets is 
 
 a famous manufactory of pianos, 
 owned and occupied by the 
 Schomacker Piano Company. 
 An immense number of instru- 
 ments are here turned out every 
 year, and shipped to all parts of 
 3 the country. The Pianos of this 
 Tjj house have always ranked among 
 ^1 the best, and have received nu- 
 merous awards, wherever ex- 
 ^ SCHOMACKER PIANO FACTORY. hibited, over all competitors. 
 
 Among the most prominent awards are, the Prize Medal of the Exhibiton of the 
 Industry of all Nations, the Silver Medal of the Franklin Institute for Grand Piano, 
 the Gold Medal of the American Institute, and again, the Prize Medal over all makers, 
 at the last fair of the Franklin Institute, in 1874, and are endorsed by all the leading 
 amateurs and artists. The great success and popularity of the Schomacker Pianos is 
 mainly owing to their superiority and the moderate prices at which they are sold. The 
 warerooms are at No. 1103 Chestnut street. 
 
The Southwestern District. 61 
 
 VIII.-THE SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT. 
 
 ROM Broad to the Schuylkill, south of Chestnut street, that section is one 
 of the most beautiful and inviting of any in the city. It is filled with 
 splendid private residences, Walnut street being especially grand in its long 
 array of magnificent brown stone and marble fronts, varying in value from one hundred 
 to two hundred thousand dollars. Prominent among these are No. 1510, residence of 
 the late John Bohlen, who gave a large sum to the chanties of Philadelphia; No. 
 1612, the splendid granite mansion of Henry C. Gibson, originally erected for Fanny 
 Kemble, who became the wife of Pierce Butler; Nos. 1823 and 1829, the double 
 fronts of Alexander and the late John A. Brown; No. 2009, a brown stone trimmed 
 brick building, given by Philadelphians to General Grant, and No. 2128, the palatial 
 marble home of George W. Childs. The row on north Walnut street, which imme- 
 diately fronts on Rittenhouse Square, is conspicuous for its imposing structures. The 
 magnificent new edifice of the 
 
 SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 rises from the southeast corner of Walnut and Twenty-first street, its architecture being 
 a mixture of the French and English Gothic of the thirteenth century, and its walls 
 embodying granite, Trenton brown stone, Cleveland sandstone, Washington red stone, 
 Pennsylvania blue stone and Kilmarnock serpentine stone. The length of the nave is 
 119 feet, breadth 58 feet, and height to the crown of the arched ceiling 60 feet; to 
 the ridge of the roof 80 feet, and to the top of the spire 202 feet. The doors and 
 windows are exceedingly ornate with pillars and tracery. The tympanum over the 
 main entrance contains the text, " I am the door," and the monograms in Greek, " Chi 
 Rho," the first two letters of the name of Christ, and the Greek letters " Alpha"" 
 and " Omega." The pulpit is of the most beautiful design, consisting of a kneeling 
 angel supporting a rich stone reading desk, formed of small columns and Gothic arches. 
 This elegant work of art was presented by Theodore Cuyler, Esq., as a memorial to 
 his father, the late Rev. Dr. Cuyler. The organ is the grandest in the city, costing 
 $15,000. The edifice will seat 900 persons, was commenced in June 1869, and cost 
 $200,000. Beyond it is 
 
 ST. JAMES' CHURCH, 
 
 for a long time associated with old Christ Church. At the northwest corner of 
 Nineteenth and Walnut streets, in a position unsurpassed for beauty by any in the city, 
 we find the church of 
 
 HOLY TRINITY, 
 
 whose auditorium among Protestant Episcopal churches is undoubtedly the most 
 imposing and beautiful in this country, having been erected about fifteen years ago. 
 It is of brown stone, and is valued at $300,000. Its first pastor was Rev. Mr. Vinton, 
 who was succeeded by Rev. Phillips Brooks ; the pulpit now being filled by Rev. 
 Thomas A. Jaggars. 
 
62 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 fe 
 
 f^% 
 
 
 FOUNTAIN, 
 RITTENHOUSE SQUARE. 
 
 Rittenhouse Square, delightful in its walks and ornamentation, is surrounded on 
 all sides by the mansions of wealthy men. That of Fairman Rogers fronts it from the 
 west, while on Eighteenth streetj opposite its eastern side, is 
 the conspicuous and highly ornamental building now occupied 
 by the family of the late Joseph Harrison, Jr. His estate 
 owns nearly the entire square, and the yards of all the beau- 
 tiful residences on Locust street are thrown into a magnifi- 
 cently decorated park, which is common to all their occupants. 
 This pr operty entire is 
 valued at nearly one mil- 
 lion. Mr. Harrison, who 
 accumulated the bulk of his 
 fortune of three millions as 
 an engineer in Russia, was 
 
 a liberal patron of the arts, , -- - ^ -.;' v-^ ~ 
 
 and his late residence con- ^'^^^^^^^^'^^^^S^ss^^-^""^ 
 tains, to-day, one of the Thomson's residence. 
 
 finest private collections extant. Below, at the corner of Eighteenth and Spruce streets, 
 is the fine mastic, marble-trimmed mansion of the late J. Edgar Thomson, who left 
 an estate of nearly two millions, which, after the death of his widow and adopted 
 daughter, who have life interests in it, will be used to erect and support a home for the 
 the orphans of employees killed while in the service of the Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 
 or in that of the companies which it controls. 
 
 ST. mark's episcopal church, 
 which rises into such grand proportions from the north side of Locust, above Sixteenth 
 street, was erected in 1849, and consecrated with most imjDressive ceremonies on May 
 2 1st, 1850. It is in the decorative order of Gothic architecture, and is exceedingly 
 graceful in its outlines and beautiful in its ornamentation. It has an extreme length, 
 from east to west, of 150 feet, with a breadth, including the tower, of 91 feet. In its 
 construction, the walls within were smoothly dressed, and present to the eye no trace 
 of mortar, but an extent and elevation of solid freestone. The appearance of the 
 interior, with its lofty clere-story, its open timbered roof, its arches and pews, its 
 chancel with its niches and magnificent altar, over which streams a flood of mellow 
 light from the great east window, and the pews of oiled wood, resting upon a floor of 
 encaustic tiles arranged in chaste patterns, presents to the eye a complete picture of rare 
 architectural beauty, which is not to be excelled in America. The west window, filled 
 with Mosaic patterns, which, in their deep stone settings, look like clustered gems, and 
 having, below it twelve figures, emblematical of Scriptural events, is one of the most 
 exquisite specimens of art, and its rich harmony gives an admirable finish to the entire 
 structure. The tower is handsomely proportioned, rising a square of stone, with 
 gradually receding buttresses, to a height of one hundred feet, supporting a spire whose 
 finial is 230 feet above the ground. The congregation worshipping here is one of the 
 
The Soiithivestern District. 
 
 63 
 
 wealthiest and most influential in the denomination, and the services are grandly 
 impressive, upon occasions when the extreme rites provided in the ritual can be 
 observed. 
 
 BETHANY MISSION, 
 
 at Twenty-second and Bainbridge streets, constructed of Trenton brown stone, with 
 Haldeman blue stone trimmings, is a handsome edifice in the quaint and picturesque 
 Scandinavian type of Gothic architecture, whose title betrays its use. It will accommo- 
 date 2S00 persons, and is used for Sunday-school purposes. 
 
 There are two Government institutions located on Gray's Ferry Road, below South 
 street, which are exceedingly interesting. 
 
 THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL 
 
 is just above the bridge, and is not what might be inferred a manufactury or repository 
 of arms and munitions of war. It consists of four massive brick buildings, enclosing 
 a court-yard, in the centre of which is a huge columbiad, the only apparent offensive 
 weapon in the place, and its use is that of a vast tailoring establishment, where army 
 uniforms are made. The first building contains a museum of habits, from Colonial 
 days down, while the other structures contain hundreds of thousands of articles of 
 soldier apparel. The Naval Asylum was built in 1832, under an Act of Congress 
 which authorized the erection of naval hospitals, for the care of infirm and decrepit 
 navy officers and marines. The main building has a marble front, 380 feet long, 150 
 feet deep, three stories in height and approached by a flight of marble steps, upon the 
 flanks of which are two field- 
 pieces, captured at the battle 
 of Saratoga, and two large 
 marble balls, said to have been 
 fired from a Turkish mortar, 
 the largest piece of ordinance 
 in the world, and brought from 
 the Hellespont by the late 
 Commodore Elliot. There 
 are about one hundred and 
 
 thirty worn-out sailors main- ^ _^^^^^^^^ - ^-- ^ , - ' 
 
 tained here, who are supported the naval asylum. 
 
 by the Government at an annual expense of $65,000. The Commodore's dwelling is 
 situated north of the Asylum, on a knoll. The inmates of the institution are allowed 
 the most perfect freedom, and embrace many heroes of the war of 181 2, and the late 
 crisis. In the rear of the Asylum is a fine large building, costing nearly $200,000, 
 erected for the care of sick and wounded sailors, during the Rebellion. The grounds, 
 which are large and finely ornamented, are kept in the most perfect order. In the 
 extreme southern section will be found the fine course of the Point Breeze Driving 
 Park Association, incorporated in 1855, under whose auspices some of the finest displays 
 on the American turf have been given. 
 
64 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 
 
 IX.-THE NORTHERN DISTRICT. 
 
 AVING concluded our observations in the southern section of the city, — 
 forced, sorrowfully, to pass by a number of institutions deserving notice, — 
 let us walk to -Arch street, which contains a number of places which the 
 observer will study with much interest. Arch street is given up, almost entirely, to 
 business, as far west as Tenth street. The wide roadway, and generally fine appearance 
 of this highway, has attracted a large number of first-class stores. Buildings of great 
 elegance have taken the place of the old Quaker residences, and large wholesale 
 transactions are the order of the day, on localities where, not many years since, nought 
 but domestic comfort reigned supreme. Among the handsome structures on this fine 
 avenue, the handsomest and most imposing of them all is, probably, the new structure 
 
 of Dr. J. H. Schenck & Son, at the 
 northeast corner of Sixth and Arch 
 streets. The building is constructed 
 of iron, painted white, and is five 
 stories in height, with mansard roof 
 in addition, surmounted with towers, 
 the architecture being very effective 
 throughout. The building itself is 
 sufficient evidence of the vast extent 
 to which the business of this firm 
 has been developed. The first floor 
 is devoted entirely to the retail busi- 
 ness, and is very elaborate and com- 
 plete in its appointments. On the 
 second floor are the various offices 
 of the establishments, wherein cor- 
 respondence is carried on with every 
 schenck's building. part of the world, in a variety of 
 
 languages; while the remainder of the building is given up to the manufacture of the 
 medicines, furnishing employment to a large number of persons. The well-known 
 Pulmonic Syrup, Seaweed Tonic and Mandrake Pills ; medicines, the names of which 
 have long since become household words, and are sold in large quantities everywhere, 
 are here manufactured, and are always increasing, by their many reported virtues, the 
 prominence and jDopularity of the firm. The basement is fitted up with steam engines, 
 boilers, vats and other heavy apparatus. The building has a frontage of forty-four 
 feet on Arch street and eighty-three on Sixth street. 
 
 From that magnificent cluster of architectural beauties at the intersection of Broad 
 street, and extending to the edge of the Schuylkill, will be found many handsome 
 residences, which, in their chaste exterior simplicity, convey to the mind a fair con- 
 ception of the comfort and quiet which are within. 
 
The Northern District. 
 
 65 
 
 THE WEST ARCH STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 at the southeast corner of Eighteenth and Arch, will be admired for the splendor 
 of its design and magnitude of its proportions. The section of the thoroughfare east of 
 Broad is dotted with places that are historically noteworthy. At the corner of Fourth 
 street, surrounded by a high brick wall, is the great 
 
 MEETING HOUSE OF THE ORTHODOX FRIENDS. 
 
 To the society of Friends Philadelphia must acknowledge an endless debt of gratitude. 
 The substantial prosperity she enjoys to-day is in a very great degree the result of the 
 people of this sect; and her almost boundless charities owe their existence to that 
 prevailing sentiment of benevolence and liberality which, by their example and under 
 their influence, has been propagated throughout the community. Before the settlement 
 of the city, their meetings were held at the house of Thomas Fairlamb, near the old 
 Treaty Elm, and as early as 1685 a large meetinghouse was erected on the eastern 
 side of Centre Square, and was designed as a state and market house as well as for 
 religious purposes. History tells us that in 1682 "the early Friends lived, many of 
 them, in caves along the bank of the Delaware river, and first built a hut on the bank 
 near Chestnut street, in which to worship." In 1695, the meeting house at Centre 
 Square being considered too remote, another was erected on land given by George Fox, 
 at Second and Market streets, and this was sometimes styled by the irreverent, the 
 " Quaker Cathedral." William Penn is said to have spoken over the grave of the 
 first person interred in its ground. In 1804 the present structure on Arch street was 
 reared. The encroachments of business, 
 by driving their residences from it, have 
 made serious inroads upon the congrega- 
 tion of this venerable place of worship, but 
 still a fair number continue to gather in it. 
 The Hicksite branch of the Society have 
 a fine meeting house on the south side of 
 Race, above Fifteenth street, having a front 
 of 90 feet and a depth as far back as 
 Cherry street. The building, which has 
 a plain but handsome exterior, was opened 
 in February, 1857, and cost about S|6o,ooo. Retiring from the street, and half hidden 
 by large mercantile buildings, on the west side of Fourth, below Arch street, is the plain 
 brick building of the 
 
 UNION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The site of this edifice is said to have been that of a church where worshipped 
 the first of the " New School" Presbyterians, who, under the influence of the revivals 
 which followed the labors of Whitfield and the Tennents, withdrew from the First 
 Presbyterian Church in i S40. The original building was for a long time the seat of 
 the old Philadelphia Academy, which was merged into the University of Pennsylvania. 
 The Union Methodist Episcopal Congregation then securing the property, erected the 
 
 HICKSITE MEETING HOUSE. 
 
66 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 present house of worship, which, though plain, is commodious. Old Christ Church 
 
 Burial Ground, precious with the dust of men distinguished in war, diplomacy, the 
 
 arts and sciences, whose names are to be found conspicuous on the pages of our 
 
 Colonial and early national history, is at the southeast corner of Fifth and Arch streets. 
 
 It is surrounded by a brick wall surmounted by a coping, the end of each brick turned 
 
 outward having been burned black, — a style of ornament peculiar to the last century. 
 
 The first recorded interment here dates to the year 1700, five years after the purchase 
 
 of the site of the church and burial place. Here were laid the forms, long since 
 
 mingled with the mother-earth, of Peyton Randolph, President of the First Continental 
 
 Congress, who was buried October 24th, 1775 ; of Francis Hopkinson, one of the 
 
 signers of the Declaration of Independence, and of Major General Charles Lee, of 
 
 whose final resting place no mark can now be found. In that remnant of the old 
 
 ground which is still attached to the venerable church on Second street, may be seen 
 
 the tombs of Robert Morris and Bishop White. The 
 
 resting place of Benjamin Franklin, in the Arch street 
 
 ground, was not visible from the street until 1858, when a 
 
 portion of the wall alongside was removed, and an iron 
 
 railing substituted. A new slab to the tomb was at the 
 
 same time placed over it. Hundreds of travellers along 
 
 this busy highway stop hourly to look with reverence 
 
 upon the spot which covers all that is earthly of the 
 
 great patriot and philosopher. The inscription upon the 
 
 tomb is in accordance with the terms of his will, as 
 
 FRANKLIN'S GRAVE. foUows : — " I wish to be buried by the side of my wife, 
 
 if it may be, and that a marble slab shall be made by Chambers, six feet long, four 
 
 feet wide, plain, with only a small moulding around, and this inscription : 
 
 " Benjamin ^ 
 
 and > Franklin. ' ' 
 Deborah } 
 178— 
 
 The stone is carved according to his desire, save the date, which is 1790. The com- 
 panion stone to that upon the philosopher's grave covers the remains of his daughter 
 Sarah and her husband Richard Bache. After Franklin's death the following epitaph, 
 written by himself, was found among his papers ; — 
 
 " The body 
 
 of 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, 
 
 Printer, 
 
 (like the cover of an old book, 
 
 its contents torn out, 
 
 and stripped of its lettering and gilding,) 
 
 lies here, food for worms ; 
 
 But the work shall not be lost, 
 
 for it will (as he believes,) appear once more 
 
 in a new and more elegant edition, 
 
 revised and corrected 
 
 by 
 
 The Author." 
 
 If his will had not provided for another this would have been used. Among the other 
 
 and more conspicuous monuments in this city, which keep his memory green, are the 
 
The Northern District. 
 
 67 
 
 Philadelphia Library, American Philosophical Society, Pennsylvania Hospital, Christ 
 Church and the University of Pennsylvania. The records of the church state that 
 Deborah was buried December 22d, 1774, and Benjamin on the i8th of April, 1790. 
 
 THE apprentices' LIBRARY COMPANY, 
 
 established in 1820, "for the use of apprentices and other young persons, without 
 charge of any kind for the use of books," is situated at the southwest corner of Fifth 
 and Arch streets, in an old building that, for many years before the incoming of the 
 present century, was erected for the Society of Free Quakers. Since its commencement 
 48,000 boys and nearly 20,000 girls have participated in its benefits. It is one of the 
 best charitable associations in the city, and if it did no other good than to keep two 
 thousand young persons annually out of the streets and unprofitable places, it has 
 certainly accomplished a great deal. Going west, on the north side of Arch street, the 
 
 ARCH STREET THEATRE, 
 
 with a fine marble front, one of the most comfortable, and certainly one of the most 
 popular in the city, comes into view ; succeeding it, above Seventh, is the beautiful 
 brown stone structure used for the St. Cloud Hotel; at the comer of Ninth, Col. Wood's 
 Museum ; at the corner of Tenth, two fine and complete colleges,- — the Pennsylvania 
 and Philadelphia, — devoted to instruction in dental surgery; above, the handsome 
 Opera House occupied by Simmons and Slocum's Minstrels, and opposite, the 
 
 FIFTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 erected in 1823, combining in its facade a variety of orders of architecture, which give 
 it a striking and pleasing effect. The street throughout will be much admired by 
 every visitor. 
 
 Logan Square, — occupying the same relative position to the northern section that 
 Rittenhouse does to the southern, — a square which, during the war, held one of the 
 most magnificent Sanitary fairs that the world ever 
 beheld, is clustered about by buildings commanding 
 in appearance, and absorbing in interest to the church- 
 man, the scientist and the philanthropist. Rising 
 above all, in solemn grandeur, its huge dome catch 
 ing and entrancing the eye at a great distance, is the 
 majestic Cathedral. It stands on Eighteenth street, 
 facing the eastern entrance of the Square. The 
 movement which led to its erection was inaugurated .„„, ,^,„ 
 
 by the Most Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, D. D., flagstaff, logan square. 
 
 Archbishop of Baltimore, who was Bishop of the Diocese of Philadelphia, from 
 1842 to 1 85 1. After overcoming many obstacles, even after the lot had been pur- 
 chased, which principally arose from the objections of the clergy to a site so remote 
 from the centre of the city, he issued a pastoral letter, in June, 1846, informing 
 them that he was about to commence the grand work he had in view. On September 
 6th, of the same year, the corner stone was laid in the northeast corner, and consisted 
 of a block of pure white marble, of one and a half tons, its sides being sculptured with 
 
 4tt 
 
 - -'l 
 
 
68 
 
 Hand-Book of PJiiladclphia. 
 
 crosses. Work was continued until 1857, when Bishop Kenrick being elevated to the 
 Arch-Episcopacy, Bishop Wood succeeded him, and this distinguished divine carried 
 the work to completion, the dedication taking place November 20th, 1864, As a 
 memorial of this event a bronze medal was coined at the Mint, having on one side the 
 inscription, "Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, begun 1846, finished 1864," with an 
 interior view of the edifice on the i-everse side, and the words, " Tu es Petrus," as 
 above the altar, and " Vas Electionis," as above the choir. The designer and original 
 
 THE CATHEDI \l- 
 
 architect was Napoleon Le Brun, and the aichitect of the facale was John Notman. 
 The edifice is 136 feet wide, 216 feet long, and loij^ feet from the pavement to the 
 apex of the pediment. The exterior diameter of the dome is 71 feet, and its total 
 height over 210 feet. The interior of the Cathedral is cruciform, and designed in the 
 most elaborate Roman Corinthian style. Unlike most buildings in this country there 
 are no side windows, and all the light is introduced from above, which, taken in con- 
 junction with the prevailing colors of the whole interior, resembling Paris stone, 
 marvelously heightens the architectural effect. The fresco-painting of the Crucifixion, 
 the four figures in chiaroscuro of the four Apostles, the four medallions in the corners 
 of the dome representing the Evangelists, the painting in the crown of the dome of 
 the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin into Heaven, and the illustrations in either 
 transept of the Nativity of our Lord and the Adoration of the Kings from the East, 
 give a magnificence to the interior of this noble structure which will compare most 
 favorably with the Cathedrals of the Old World. The facade consists of a portico of 
 four gigantic columns, 60 feet high and 6 feet in diameter, with richly sculptured bases 
 and capitals, and on the frieze are engraved the words, " Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam." 
 The structure cost upwards of a million dollars. Adjoining it is the residence of the 
 
 Bishop, and the chapel. 
 
 wills' hospital, 
 
 in a recess from the line of Race street, looks upon the south front of Logan Square. 
 
 It was founded by the late James Wills, who bequeathed for the purpose $108,396, 
 
 having for its benevolent aim the cure of diseases of the eye and limbs. The building 
 
 was commenced in 1832, finished and opened in 1834, and consists of qaint stone with 
 
Tlie Northam District. 
 
 69 
 
 external dimensions of 40 by 80 feet. Attached to it are fine grounds, and the situation 
 is in every respect suitable. The structure was first put up as an asylum, where a few 
 blind people could pass their declining years, and shortly after used as a hospital, in 
 which, since 1834, 51,440 patients have been treated. 
 
 The new home of the Academy of Natural Sciences stands at the southwest corner 
 of Nineteenth and Race streets, the lot having a front, on the former, of 288 feet, and 
 a depth, on the latter, of 198 leet. The architecture of the new edifice is that of the 
 Collegiate Gothic, and the material used is serpentine stone with trimmings of Ohio 
 sandstone. The north wing is now nearly completed, costing $125,000, with an 
 additional prospective expense of $50,000, to fill it with cases for the cabinets. The 
 estimated cost of the remainder of the building, completely designed but not yet 
 commenced, is half a million. A word in addition to what has already been said of 
 the collections. The herbarium of Rev. Lewis David Von Schweinitz, which he 
 bequeathed to the Academy, was the result of forty years individual labor. The con- 
 chological cabinet, equalled only by that in the British Museum, has recently been 
 enriched by the addition of the West India collection of the late Robert Smith, 
 consisting of thousands of specimens. Nearly one-third of the scientific treasures of 
 this institution are boxed up, for want of room to display them. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF THE BLIND, 
 
 founded in 1833, is at the corner of Twentieth and Race streets. It is a large, plain, 
 but commodious structure, in which many long needed improvements have been recently 
 made. Out of an increase of every two thousand persons in Pennsylvania, one is born 
 blind, and as this is the only institution of the kind in the state, the applicants for 
 admission are many. There is an average attendance of nearly two hundred pupils, 
 many of whom came from other states, who pay liberally for their support. The 
 Institution has literary, musical and work departments, in which the pupils are instructed 
 according to their bent. The musical branch is supplied with a cabinet organ, a great 
 pipe organ and 16 pianos, and the fine concerts given each Wednesday afternoon attest 
 the skill of the students. 
 
 At the corner of Twentieth and Cherry streets, just below thi n t tution, is St 
 Clements Church, the one most given in the de- 
 nomination in this city, to high ritualastic practices. 
 It is an imposing edifice, with splendidly decorated 
 nave, chancel and gallery, and upon all occasions 
 it is filled with a large and fashionable congrega- 
 tion. Franklin Square, designed by Penn to re- 
 lieve the monotony of the old northeastern section 
 of the city, once used as the site of a powder 
 magazine, and in part, for a time, as a burial ground, 
 is handsomely laid out with walVs intersecting in the centre, where a beautiful fountain, 
 with a large basin, in all seasons, save winter, throws up its many jets of water. Facing 
 it from the west is a splendid brown stone structure, with slenderly-proportioned 
 
 ST. Clement's church. 
 
70 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 steeple and clock, in which a congregation, lineally descended from that which met in 
 Old Zion's Lutheran Church, now assembles under the pastorate of Rev. Wm. Mann, 
 D. D., one of the most eloquent and learned of German divines of the day. The 
 earliest Lutheran church in Philadelphia was St. Michael's, erected in 1743, under the 
 auspices of Rev. H. M. Muhlenburg, at Fifth and Cherry streets, and demolished in 
 1873 to make way for modern improvements. A sister church was erected in 1766, 
 at Fourth and Cherry, one square to the east, and both congregations affiliated under 
 
 the title of " St. Michael's and Zion's 
 Lutheran Church." Both buildings 
 
 were used by the British soldiery during 
 the Revolution as stables, and the 
 younger of the two was burned down 
 in 1793, but soon rebuilt. Under the 
 altar of St. Michael's were interred 
 five of the early pastors, whose remains 
 were recently transferred to an appro- 
 priate resting place back of the edifice 
 on Franklin street. From the old 
 FRANKLIN SQUARE FOUNTAIN. churchcs radiated many branches, 
 
 whose commodious temples may be seen in various sections of the city. On Race 
 street, just below the Square, is 
 
 OLD ST. John's Lutheran [English] church, 
 a fine building 67 by loO ffeet, of brick with marble trimmings, in the Roman style. 
 The congregation long worshipping here has been exceedingly prosperous under the 
 the ministrations of Rev. Dr. Seiss, and is about removing to the imposing structure it 
 has erected at Broad and Arch streets. Opposite old St. John's is the arsenal of the 
 National Guards, the drill room being one of the largest in this section. 
 
 THE oldest METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 in the city, appears on the east side of Fourth street, just below New. Methodism 
 was introduced into Philadelphia about the year 1767, by Captain Thomas Webb, who 
 commenced its advocacy in a sail-loft near Dock and Front streets, and here was formed 
 the nucleus of the first congregation. At the conference at Leeds, England, in 1769, 
 an appeal was made for missionaries to America, and Richard Boardman and Joseph 
 Pillmore consented, and were delegated by John Wesley, to come, and they preached 
 in the present building in 1769, known then as <'Our Preaching House. Asbury 
 named it St. George's, in 1781. There being no floor laid when the British army 
 occupied Philadelphia, they used it as a riding-school. On Friday, March 23d, 1770, 
 the first American love-feast was held in St. George's. At the southeast corner of the 
 church is buried the remains of John Dickens, the first General Book Agent of the 
 M. E. Church. Four of St. George's pastors — Francis Asbury, Richard Whatcoat, 
 Robert R. Roberts and Levi Scott, — have been elected Bishops of the church. The 
 present membership is about four hundred. Above this old structure, and upon the 
 
TJie Northern District. 
 
 71 
 
 opposite side of Fourth street rises the stately front of St. Augustine's Roman Catholic 
 Church, relieved by and supporting a heavy tower, surmounted by a highly ornate super- 
 structure, having at its base a fine clock. The exterior is 
 chaste and simple, but within the view is of the most beauti- 
 ful character, the sanctuary, a magnificent work of art in de- 
 sign and execution, being a revival of that in the remains of 
 the temple of Jupiter Olympus at Rome. Its main features 
 are a dome, supported by columns of Scagliola marble, the 
 capitals and entablature being richly carved and gilded. The 
 original church was burned down m the " Native American 
 Riot" of 1844, and the present structure was erected in 1S48, 
 from designs by Le Brun. Returning to the vicinity of 
 Franklin Square, we find on Franklin street, a short distance 
 north of it, the First Moravian Church in Philadelphia, the 
 establishment of which was due to the energy of George st. augustine's church. 
 Lewis, Count Zinzendorff, a native of Dresden, who arrived here in 1741. He formed 
 the first Moravian Society in the following year, whose original church was on Mora- 
 vian Alley, now known as Bread street. The present edifice was commenced in 1855, 
 and consecrated in the following year. 
 
 When, in going north, we pass Vine street, we are beyond the limits of the city, 
 as originally chartered. Here are miles of streets running north and west, forming in 
 the main, perfect rectangles of solid brick residences, whose monotony is often broken 
 by some more palatial and ambitous than the rest, or by a school-house, church, factory 
 or store. Some old turnpikes, like Ridge Avenue, Germantown Road and Frankford 
 Road, cut these squares into imperfect triangles, and to a considerable degree interrupt 
 the usual regularity in design which has itself made for Philadelphia a name. A 
 number of the thoroughfares, running between the rivers, are very attractive in their 
 stores, and the beauty of the structures which are ranged on either hand. Such an 
 one is Spring Garden street, having a width of a hundred feet. It was designed 
 originally as a marketing place, but many of the plots intended to have been covered 
 with the sheds have been changed into delightful parks, surrounded by ornamental 
 railings, enclosing fountains, statuary and handsome shrubbery. 
 
 THE NORTHERN SAVING FUND, TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY, 
 
 incorporated in 1 871, occupies a highly-finished Quincy granite building, in the com- 
 posite style, at the southwest corner of Sixth and Spring Garden streets. The main 
 banking room, in size, elevation and ornament, is one of the richest in the city. The 
 original cost of this edifice was $125,000. At the northwest corner of Seventh street is 
 
 THE FIRST REFORMED CHURCH, 
 
 chiefly notable for the beauty and size of the portico which conposes the main front. 
 On Eleventh street, within sight of the thoroughfare bearing its name, is 
 
 THE SPRING GARDEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 with an imposing portico supported by massive pillars, and forming in all one of the 
 
72 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 finest ornaments of that section. On the north side of Spring Garden street, above 
 Eleventh is the prominent 
 
 CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION, 
 of brown stone, supporting two beautiful towers, and designed in the decorative Gothic 
 order. The corner stone of this structure was laid in May, 1848, and its dedication 
 was solemnized in 1849. The nave and sanctuary are enriched with beautiful allegories. 
 Beyond this point we find old Spring Garden Hall, the meeting place of the Commis- 
 sioners of Spring Garden, when it was an independent district, and across the way 
 
 ST. mark's LUTHERAN CHURCH, 
 the front of which is an excellent specimen of architecture in the Romanesque style. 
 The thoroughfare widens west of Broad street, and from Seventeenth street to the 
 edge of the Park rows of beautiful dwellings, which in appearance, will vie in beauty 
 with those of any other section, make up a rich perspective. On the northeast corner 
 of Seventeenth and Spring Garden streets the new 
 
 girls' NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 is to be erected, having walls of brown stone faced and trimmed with blue and light 
 sandstone, and surmounted by a heavy cornice and mansard roof. The building will 
 have" accommodations for 1200 pupils, will contain an observatory and laboratory, and 
 will cost nearly $170,000. At the corner of Eighteenth and Spring Garden streets is 
 the handsome structure which is owned by the Fifth 
 Baptist Church. This society has recently held its jubi- 
 lee celebration, and is reported to be in a very flourishing 
 condition. One of the principal features of this society 
 is the attention given to its Adult Bible School, which is 
 reported to be the largest of its kind in the city. The 
 church edifice is valued at $150,000. At the comer of 
 Twentieth street is the Spring Garden M. E. Church, and 
 opposite another sacred edifice, in the Gothic style. The 
 " Preston Retreat," founded by the bequest of Dr. Jonas 
 Preston, is prominent in the centre of fine grounds, near 
 Twenty-first and Spring Garden streets. The building is 
 a very handsome one, and is now used as a lying-in hos- 
 pital for indigent married women, the purpose for which 
 the founder endowed it. Until 1866^ when it was put to its present use, the " Foster 
 Home Association" occupied it. The "Retreat," from its elevated situation, and the 
 beauty of its Doric portico and cupola, is justly regarded as not only one of the noblest 
 of Philadelphia's charities, but as one of her finest ornaments. 
 
 Green street, west of Broad, running to the entrance of Fairmount Park, is one of 
 the principal drives, and upon any pleasaat afternoon will be found crowded with gay 
 equipages. It is decorated by many costly residences, whose appearance is justly 
 enhanced by their elevation upon plateaus. 
 
 The Central Congregational Church, costing f 100,000, is situated on Eighteenth 
 
 FIFTH B\PTI^T CHI rCH. 
 
Tlie Northern District. 73 
 
 street. It was commenced in 1870, and promptly finished. Its length, exclusive of 
 of the organ recess, is 90 feet, and its width 68. There is a clear height of 50 feet to 
 the ceiling. The walls are of Fairmount stone, with brown stone dressings, and 
 harmonize well with the adjoining chapel, built some years before. The edifice, 
 providing comfortable seats for I lOO persons, is pleasant in outline and admirable in 
 proportions. 
 
 THE ALEXANDER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 is at the corner of Nineteenth street. It is a chaste specimen of Gothic architecture, 
 surmounted by a spire over 200 feet high. 
 
 Fairmount avenue leads from the Delaware west to the entrance of the Park, south- 
 east of Lemon Hill. An effort has been long in progress, with slow success, to make 
 this thoroughfare the leading avenue to that beautiful resort, and the changing of its 
 former title " Coates " to its present one, was an inducement in that direction. The 
 German Reformed Salem Congregation, have recently erected a highly ornamental 
 house of worship, just below Fourth street. It accommodates 700 persons, cost 
 $80,000, and sujDports a spire 159 feet high, containing four bells and a clock. On 
 Seventh street, a short distance north of Fairmount avenue, is the 
 
 SECOND REFORMED CHURCH, 
 
 having, what is general almost in Philadelphia's sacred edifices, a portico, reached by 
 a broad, high flight of steps. The first pastor who labored here was Rev. Joseph F. 
 Berg, D. D., who finally became professor in New Brunswick Theological Seminary. 
 His successor was T. De Witt Talmage, now of the Brooklyn Tabernacle. The 
 present pastor is Rev. C. P. Masden, under whose care the congregation has greatly 
 prospered. Philadelphia is the centre of chemical products in the United States. 
 Covering almost an entire square, between Ninth, Brown and Wallace streets, and 
 within sight of Fairmount avenue, is the immense laboratory of Powers & Weightman, 
 the most extensive manufacturing chemists in America. Among their principal pro- 
 ducts are sulphates of quinine, mercurials and morphias, while their business has a 
 complete range of all medicinal chemicals. 
 
 THE EASTERN PENITENTIARY, 
 
 locally better better known as " Cherry Hill," from its situation, embraces an entire 
 square, having its main front on Fairmount avenue, between Twenty-second and 
 Twenty-third streets, and is the only exponent of the system of "separate and solitary 
 confinement," we believe, in the country. Its establishment is traceable to the labors 
 and investigations of the " Philadelphia Society for Relieving the Miseries of Public 
 Prisons," and the results of its moral influence confirms the opinions of those who 
 favor solitary imprisonment as a correctional measure. The Penitentiary consists of a 
 high massive stone wall upon all the fronts, save the main, which consists of two 
 square embattled towers 65 feet high, connected by a heavy screen wall, in which 
 appears a huge door studded with bolts. Above this entrance an octagonal tower rises 
 to the height of 97 feet. There are heavy towers at each corner, and a thick wall, 
 with narrow, and strongly barred lancet windows, connects them with the centre 
 
74 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 buildings. Within, rising into prominence, is a large rotunda from which a number 
 of wings radiate, like the spolvcs of a wheel. In these are the cells, to each of which 
 is attached a small walled yard, where the solitary prisoner may enjoy the sunlight a 
 few hours eveiy day. The institution was completed in 1829, and holds annually in 
 confinement about five hundred persons. Dickens, upon his visit to this country, when 
 embodying his reflections in the " American Notes," could " find no argument in favor 
 of the system," here employed. It is safe to say that mania resulting " from the 
 insupportable solitude and barrenness of the place," and suicides, are much less common 
 here than in those institutions where the congregate system is observed. The Peni- 
 tentiary was originally designed by the Legislature, in its efforts to reform the penal 
 code, to hold convicts in " perfect solitude, without occupation of any sort;" but this 
 was justly considered as the severest of all punishment, an outrage upon humanity, 
 which the spirit of the age would not tolerate; as jeopardizing the health of the 
 prisoner, and possibly result in rendering him an idiot or a madman. In 1829, therefore, 
 the Legislature so far modified the plan by which the institution was to be governed, 
 as to admit of occupation within the cells. Among the noted escapes from this Peni- 
 tentiary was that of Col. Cross, the notorious forger, who signed the name of Secretary 
 of War Stanton, to an order for his conveyance to Washington, that he might give 
 some valuable information to the army ofificers. He was taken to that place, but there 
 his plan was exposed and he was brought back. One of the most daring attempts was 
 successfully made a few years ago by two negroes who managed to get down into the 
 drain, and crawled thence into a sewer, passing a trap which, shutting behind them, 
 prevented their return, and after plowing on all fours through filth for hours, managed 
 to find a man-hole to the street and escaped. They, like the maj ority of rascals, returned 
 to their old haunts and were recaptured. 
 
 Girard Avenue chiefly, east of Broad, contains the unornamental but commodious 
 and accommodating street markets. The lofty steeple of 
 
 ST. Peter's catholic church, 
 at the corner of Fifth street, can be seen from a great distance. This church is the 
 most powerful in numbers, in substantial wealth, and never-ending enterprise in this 
 diocese. It has been, from its organization, under the charge of the Redemptorist 
 Fathers, a religious order founded by St. Alphoneus Maria di Ligouri, in Naples, about 
 the middle of the last century. Their aim is " to labor for the salvation of souls most 
 destitute of means of spiritual instruction," and St. Peter's has become, in consequence, 
 the centre of great missionary effort. The erection of this imposing structure was 
 begun in 1843, and Rev. F. Louis Carturyfels was the first father in charge of it. The 
 present rector is Father Loewe Kamp, who has six assistant priests engaged in religious 
 ministrations. As an illustration of the practical generosity of this church it may be 
 well enough to state that when the great Chicago fire occurred, $3000 were realized at 
 one collection from this congregation for the relief of the sufferers. St. Peter's is 175 
 feet long, 78 feet wide, with a lofty and commanding elevation in the style known as 
 the "Classic Roman." The tower is 215 feet high. Tlie large interior, capable of 
 
TJie Northern Distinct. 
 
 75 
 
 GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 seating 2000 persons, is extremely attractive in its decorations, the sanctuary and its 
 
 altars of colored marbles entrancing the observer the moment the threshold is crossed. 
 
 The architectural grandeur of ^ 
 
 GIRARD COLLEGE 
 
 has become known the civilized world over. From any elevation in the city, its 
 massive marble roof and its range of splendid capitals are apparent above the great 
 level of house tops, forming to the eye, as its vision sweeps the vast area of the city, 
 its most conspicuous ornament. The name of Stephen Giiard is spoken tenderly by 
 every one, — philanthropist 
 and beneficiary alike re- 
 garding him as one of the 
 noblest of men. He was 
 by birth a Frenchman, 
 emigrating while young to 
 Philadelphia, and com- 
 mencing with plodding in- 
 dustry that splendid mer- 
 cantile career which is yet 
 the wonder of modern imi- 
 tators. Upon his death he 
 left the bulk of his great 
 fortune to the city, for the erection of this charity, which has become his most enduring 
 monument, and for improving the commercial sections of the city. By his original 
 will, the site of the Institution was to have been the square bounded by Eleventh and 
 Twelfth, Chestnut and Market streets, but by a codicil he designated the present 
 location. The grounds cover 41 acres, and are surrounded by a high stone wall, 
 strengthened by pilasters, and capped with marble slabs. The main entrance is from 
 the south front, through a lodge, and introduces the visitor into a beautiful ground filled, 
 before him, by the magnificent pile devoted to the cause of education, such as few 
 countries can equal. Tiie general design of the main building is that of a Greek 
 temple, having on each end eight columns, and on each side eleven, including those at 
 the corners. The superstructure rests upon a basement consisting of eleven steps 
 extending around the entire edifice, conveying an idea of great solidity, making the 
 approach to each corridor easy, and greatly heightening the splendor of its appearance. 
 This superstructure consists of a building iii feet wide, and 169 feet long, surrounded 
 by a range of fluted columns, supporting on the sides a heavy and elaborate pediment. 
 The order of architecture is the purest Corinthian which imparts both solidity and 
 elegance. The columns are 55 feet in height, nearly 10 feet in diameter at the base, 
 and surmounted by capitals 8 feet 6 inches high. The distance from the top of the 
 capitals to the apex of the pediment is 34 feet, making the total height of the super- 
 structure, with the bases of the pillars, nearly 95 feet. The main entrances are at the 
 north and south fronts, each door measuring 32 feet high and 16 wide. Each flank is 
 
76 Hand-Book of PJiiladcJplda. 
 
 pierced with 20 windows, four of which open into each room, and one on each of the 
 flights of stairs. The building is floored and covered with marble, the entire weight 
 of the roof being 969 J-4 tons. The building has three stories, used for school rooms* 
 and is constructed throughout of marble, iron and brick, (not a particle of the latter 
 apparent to the eye,) is singularly beautiful in whatever aspect it is taken, and has been 
 erected in strict accordance with the will of its founder. It has a number of line 
 marble out-buildings, each three stories high, 52 feet front, and 125 feet deep, faced 
 with marble and roofed with copper, which are used as dormitories, and for the general 
 accommodation of the officers, pupils and domestics. On the southern porch of the 
 College, beneath a marble statue, by Grevelot, of the founder, lie his remains, and a 
 room in the building, known as " Girard's Room," is filled with the books, desks and 
 personal effects which his munificence has rendered precious to many eyes. The 
 entire cost of the buildings, and of the improvements of the grounds, which are 
 splendidly adorned, was $1,933,821 78, the maximum amount of the cost specified in 
 Girard's will being two millions. The institution is supported from the income of the 
 Residuary eState, " and if it continues to be properly cared for," say the Board of 
 Trusts, "it will soon be ample to maintain as many orphans as the entire plot of ground 
 can accommodate." During its existence the College has received as pupils 1800 
 orphans and has indentured 780, all born in this state, the beneficiaries being poor, 
 white, fatherless boys. There are now about 500 pupils in the College, the cost of 
 whose support and instruction is about f 190,000 annually. Girard's residuary estate 
 now amounts to over four millions, not inclusive of half a million " for improving the 
 eastern front of the city from Vine to South streets." Opposite the southern entrance 
 to the College is the 
 
 HOUSE OF REFUGE, 
 
 which was incoi-porated in 1826, for "the employment of the idle, instruction of the 
 ignorant, and reformation of the depraved." The buildings are enclosed in a lofty 
 wall, which has been scaled upon one or two occasions by some of the daring delin- 
 quents. The new female department stands on a triangular plot just north of and 
 connected with the main institution by an elevated bridge. All boys and girls are 
 here taught, not only industrially, but mentally, so that upon leaving they have in 
 themselves that which will secure for them an honorable employment. West of the 
 "Refuge" is the plain but comfortable "Foster Home," organized to extend aid to 
 respectable widowed parents, who, from adversity, are obliged to part from their 
 children for a time, but desire to have them eventually restored. East of the 
 " Refuge," is the German Hospital, a large and well-supported charity. 
 
 Girard avenue, between Broad and Eighteenth streets, will be found beautified by 
 rows of splendid mansions, prominent among which will be seen Green Hill Church 
 and St. Joseph's Hospital, which is under the care of the Sisters of Charity. Here 
 there is not a particle of sectarian feeling shown. Any man, be he papist, protestant, 
 or infidel, if he is sick or injured, may find in it kind and careful attention. In view 
 of the fact that Philadelphia is largely a beer-loving and ergo a beer-drinking com- 
 
The NortJieim District. 
 
 77 
 
 munity, the visitor is directed to that section which lies just north of Girard avenue, 
 and along the Park limits, if he would see a wonderful aggregation of breweries, some 
 of which are three hundred feet long and five stories high, covering vaults which 
 extend for a great distance into the solid rock. No more comprehensive aggregation 
 of the kind can be found in America. The brewing of this cherished Teutonic drink, 
 and to which the average American stomach takes kindly, was introduced into Phila- 
 delphia in 1840, the first brewer being George Manger, who produced some of a very 
 inferior quality in New street, above Second, in 1844. Engel & Wolfe, one of the 
 largest firms, constructed the first vaults. Now eight hundred thousand barrels of 
 lager are produced in this city annually. The largest ale establishment is that of 
 William Massey, at Tenth and Filbert streets, whose buildings cover an area of 200 
 by 400 feet, tlie lowest of which are six stories in height. 
 
 North of Girard avenue, and west of Broad, there are several places of interest. 
 The Woman's Medical College, with hospital accommodations attached, is a most 
 worthy institution, and has graduated many successful female practitioners. That 
 massive briclc building, with high-pitched hip roof and beautiful chapel attached, at 
 Eighteenth and Jefferson streets, is a home for the aged poor of both sexes, where all 
 their wants are provided for, and is conducted by " Little Sisters of the Poor," a 
 Catholic society which has done a noble work in the cause of charity. The Gethsemane 
 Baptist Church, one of the finest in the city, stands at Eighteenth street and Columbia 
 avenue, being constructed in the Norman or round-arch style, of Trenton brown stone, 
 with lighter trimmings. It has a tower 20 feet square and 116 feet high. The interior 
 in adaptation and painting, is exceedingly beautiful. The organ, with its pipes dis- 
 played, has rare power and purity of tone. The growth of Philadelphia in this direc- 
 tion is very remarl^able, a very large number of dwellings being erected every year. 
 
 THE WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, 
 
 at Seventeenth street and Montgomery avenue, designed as a first-class technological 
 college, was founded by Piofessor Wagner, in 1855, who has given to the institution 
 since that time, in apparatus, cabinets, and the means for the support of annual courses 
 of free lectures, no less than $400,000. 
 The scientific collection of the institution 
 is rare and large, and the lecture-room, 
 holding 1300 persons, is the scene, each 
 fall, of able discourses on chemistry, palae- 
 ontology, anatomy, physiology, botany and 
 natural philosophy. At the corner of 
 Seventeenth and Norris streets will be seen 
 the Baptist Home, an institution founded 
 for the purpose of a home for aged members 
 of that denomination. The ground on which the Home is erected, was donated by 
 James Page, Esq., and the property is estimated at $100,000. The building is an 
 ornament to the neighborhood, and the institution reflects credit upon the city. 
 
 BAPTIST HOME. 
 
78 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 GLENWOOD CEMETERY, 
 
 one of the seventy-seven which are within the boundaries of Philadelphia, fronts on 
 Ridge avenue, at the corner of Islington Lane, and contains a fraction over 22 acres. 
 The grounds are laid out in beautiful designs, and contain, among the thousands of 
 other remains deposited since 1850, those of 700 brave soldiers of the late war. The 
 most noticeable monument is that erected by the Scott Legion to its comrades who fell 
 in the battles of Mexico, Cerro Gordo, Puebla, Atlixco and Valley of Mexico. 
 
 That heavy brown stone pile, in the peculiar style of Egyptian architecture, which 
 you notice as you look down Islington Lane from the Ridge, is the entrance to 
 
 ODD fellows' cemetery. 
 
 This home of the dead covers 32 acres, and was first used on the 7th of May, 1849. 
 Here are to be found many costly monuments, and the graves of hundreds of soldiers 
 of the Rebellion. East of this point, on Hart Lane, near Twenty-first, is the 
 
 MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, AND THE "POTTER'S FIELD." 
 
 The former, for the care of persons afflicted with contagious diseases, is a long building 
 of Cleveland brownstone, with mansard roof, consisting of a princij^al structure and 
 wings. Here are treated small-pox, yellow fever, the various forms of typhoid fever 
 and cholera ; if the patients are able, they pay one dollar a day for board ; if they are 
 poor, no charge is made. In 1743 the first municipal " pest house," was erected at 
 the mouth of the Schuylkill, and in 1800 the Lazaretto was established on Little Tini- 
 cum Island. The Board of Health, which has supervisory control over both, and 
 having its office now at Sixth and Sansom streets, was organized in 1794, establishing 
 the first city hospital, in 1797 at the foot of Race street, on the Schuylkill. In 1810 it 
 was removed to Nineteenth street and Fairmount avenue, on what was known as 
 " Bush Hill," remaining there until 1855. The present location was the next selected. 
 The " Potter's Field," is now filled with the unknown dead. Under the law, remains 
 received here should be kept three days uninterred to await possible identification. 
 
 Philadelphia is justly celebrated as the metropolis of manufactories, and owes this 
 proud position in great part to the iron, the most important raw material, and to the 
 coal, the chief agent in the production of power, which lie at her door ; and to her 
 favorable situation, where she can command unrivalled means of communicationg with 
 the interior of her own and foreign lands. Industrial establishments are to be found 
 on every hand, covering entire squares of solid buildings noisy with the clash and groan 
 of machinery; but their chief centre seems to be Kensington. Along the Delaware 
 front are great rolling mills and extensive ship yards, while back of them, the vast 
 factories are clicking all day with the rush of the shuttle and the loom. There is here 
 so little display, and such an absence of turmoil, that the casual looker on would never 
 realize the immensity of the business in progress. " In this world we want nothing 
 but facts, facts, sir ! " exclaimed Mr. Gradgrind. Reader, pardon a few. 
 
 THE AGGREGATE OF THE VALUES OF THE ANNUAL MANUFACTURES OF THIS CITY, 
 
 is $15,000,000 more than the entire import trade, and more than $100,000,000 greater 
 than the export trade of New York. The associate results of this manufacturing 
 
Wes^ Philadelphia. 
 
 79 
 
 interest are to be seen in Philadelphia's enormous business in coal and iron. According 
 to the census of 1 870, tfeis city had 8339 establishments, representing a capital of 
 $185,000,000; 1877 of which use steam power equivalent to 49,674 horse-power. 
 They employed 92,112 men, 35,478 women, and 15,000 youths, paying annually 
 $61,948,874 for wages, using f 181,000,000 worth of raw material, and producing 
 yearly goods to the value of $334,852,458. And this was four years ago. It is esti- 
 mated that Philadelohia's annual industrial product is now $425,000,000. 
 
 X.-WEST PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 EST PHILADELPHIA, occupying an elevated situation, is one of the 
 most attractive sections of the city, blending as it does the beauties of both 
 country and town. It is a location much sought after for private residences 
 and par consequence it is filled with handsome edifices and delightful villas. That 
 district which lies south of Market and west of Darby Road is decorated with 
 splendid rows of brown and kindred sandstones ; while in others, the buildings 
 break away into couples, relieved by bay windows, cozy porches and mansard roofs, 
 standing in the midst of pleasant lawns. The residences of Drexel and Moorehead, 
 the bankers, are on the line of Thirty-ninth street, below Chestnut, and are surrounded 
 by beautiful grounds. That section which is above Thirty-second street, and north of 
 Lancaster avenue, will also be found covered with exceedingly attractive homes. West 
 Philadelphia is joined to the city proper by eleven bridges, of which four are within 
 the Park limits. That at Penrose Ferry, completed in 1855, and measuring 600 feet 
 in length, is near the confluence of the Schuylkill with the Delaware. Further up we 
 have Gray's Ferry bridge, 550 feet, that on the line of the south extension of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, and the new South street bridge. This structure was com- 
 menced in 1870, at a con- 
 tract price of $800,000. It 
 extends from South and 
 Chippeway streets, on the 
 east side, to the west side 
 of the West Chester Rail- 
 road, having a total length, 
 with approaches, of 2419 
 feet. The river span is 584 
 feet, and consists of two 
 permanent spans of 185 feet 
 each, and a pivot draw with south street bridge. 
 
 two openings, each of 77 feet, supported by a cylindrical cast iron pier. Chestnut 
 street bridge, commenced September 19th, 1861, and finished July 4th, 1866, at a cost 
 of $500,000, has a total length of 1528 feet. It is of iron, consisting of two spans, 389 
 
80 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelpliia. 
 
 feet long, resting upon heavy piers, and in general design in an adaptation of the ornate 
 Gothic. Market street bridge, a wooden superstructure resting upon two massive 
 
 piers and abutments,having 
 a length, over the water 
 way, of 533 feet, has been 
 standing a long time. In 
 1850 it was altered and 
 strengthened to admit of 
 the transfer of freight trains 
 over it. At the corner of 
 Twenty-second and Market 
 streets, may be seen a sim- 
 ple granite obelisk which 
 cHtbiM 1 STKKET BRIDGE. commcmorates the com- 
 
 mencement and completion of this public work. Fairmount bridge, which has just 
 talcen the place of the first wire suspension bridge constructed in the country, is to be 
 a magnificent result of engineering skill. The main work and approaches, when 
 finished, will extend from Twenty-fifth and Spring Garden streets to Thirty-second and 
 Bridge streets, a distance of 2730 feet, the river being crossed by a single span of 348 
 feet, having roadways upon lower and upper cords. Its estimated cost is .$1,200,000. 
 The material is iron and granite. Each year there is agitated the necessity for addi- 
 tional facilities for crossing the Schuyllvill, and tlie time is not far distant when a fine 
 structure will bridge it on the line of every leading thoroughfare. 
 
 West Philadelphia, south, is replete with places of general interest. The grand 
 edifice, with its cluster of beautiful buildings, now devoted to the use of the University 
 at Pennsylvania, is the conspicuous object on the line of Darby road. The main 
 University buildings rise from " Academical Plill," and presents to the eye a splendid 
 specimen of modern collegiate Gothic architecture. The bids for this structure were 
 received in March, 1 871, and the contract was awarded to the Messrs. Struthers & 
 Sons, for $231,900. The building has a front of 260 feet on Locust street, and is three 
 stories in height, exclusive of the basement. The wings are each 102 feet deep. The 
 exterior walls are of serpentine stone, with coping, buttresses and gables of Ohio stone, 
 surmounted by highly ornamental towers. The main entrance is tlirough an ornate 
 Gothic porch in the centre of the Locust street front, supported by columns of polished 
 Aberdeen granite. The building is rendered imposing by its pavilions, recesses and 
 towers, and is not, by any other in the world, excelled in the beauty of its outlines and 
 proportions, or in its adaptability for the purposes of a grand scientific institution. It 
 is the front of what is eventually to be a complete square of Gothic structures devoted 
 to various uses. The medical department, facing Thirty-sixth street, between Spruce 
 and Locust, while it has distinctive architectural features of its own, follows the main 
 structure (for the accommodation of the deparment of arts,) in general style. In the 
 basement is the laboratory ; on the first floor two large lecture rooms ; on the second 
 
Wcsf Fhiladelphia. 
 
 81 
 
 a general museum and an amphitheatre for six hundred students ; and on the third, 
 room for the study of operative surgery and for dissection. The Hospital building lies 
 due south of the department of arts, on a plot of ground given to the institution, by the 
 
 city, upon the conditon that it maintained fifty free beds for the sick poor of the 
 
 community. The State Legislature granted |2CXD,ooo towards this charity, and private 
 F 
 
82 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
84 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 subscriptions were received to the amount of 1250,000. The hospital comprises, in 
 design, a central building with six pavilions, each of which cost one hundred thousand 
 dollars. The main structure and one pavilion, at a cost of |200,ooo, have been 
 erected and opened. It is contemplated to place on the remaining front of the square 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 en 
 Oi 
 
 > 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 a library building in harmony with those already erected, and when this is completed 
 over a million and a half will have been expended in providing this seat of one of the 
 grandest universities in the world. As early as 1 749 a subscription was started for the 
 purpose of establishing an academy and charitable school in Philadelphia, and in 1 750 
 they were opened, " for instruction in the Latin and English languages, and mathe- 
 matics." The first literary honors were granted in 1755, under a charter secured that 
 
IVcsf Philadelphia. 85 
 
 year, giving to tlie institution the title, " The College, Academy and Charitable School 
 of Philadelphia," and authorizing it to confer degrees. In 1764 Dr. William Shippen, 
 by a course of lectures upon anatomy, laid in this college the foundation of the first 
 medical school in America, and he was in the following year appointed by the trustees 
 Professor of that branch, Dr. John Morgan becoming Professor of the institutes of 
 medicine. In 1768, Dr. Adam Kuhn became professor of botany; in 1769 Dr. 
 Benjamin Rush was elected to the chemical chair, and Dr. Thomas Bond gave clinical 
 lectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital. In 1779 a new charter, erecting the college 
 into an university was granted by the Legislature, but through some disaffection the 
 academy separated from it and remained a distinct institution until 179 1, when both 
 reunited, establishing the organization under which the University has achieved its 
 present standing. The institution has an annually increasing attendance in its depart- 
 ments of arts, law, sciences and medicine, affording to the students of the latter the 
 benefits of a rare anatomical and pathological museum, and of extensive facilities for 
 clinical study. In order to preserve a memento of the past we present our readers 
 with a view of the old buildings formerly owned and occupied by the University, on 
 Ninth street, between Market and Chestnut streets. These structures were purchased by 
 the United States Government to make room for the new Post Office building. 
 
 BLOCKLEY ALMSHOUSE, 
 — an extensive range of buildings for the accommodation of the poor, sick and insane 
 of the city, lies just south of the University, and consists of four buildings, each five 
 hundred feet long and three stories high, so arranged as to enclose a square. The 
 main front is to the southeast, and is conspicuous for its elegant portico in the Tuscan 
 order. Surrounding the institution is a large and well cultivated farm of 130 acres. 
 The population of this immense almshouse averages 3000, 600 of whom are in the 
 insane department, and 200 in the children's asylum. Philadelphia annually expends 
 over four hundred thousand dollars for the support of this institution. The Phila- 
 delphia Hospital located here was established as early as 1732. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN HOME, 
 
 for widows and single women, — a building which cost over $100,000, — is situated at 
 
 Fifty-eighth street and Greenway avenue. It will accommodate 200 persons, and is 
 
 pleasantly situated, covering a large area of ground, and is well arranged for light and 
 
 ventilation. 
 
 THE EDUCATIONAL HOME FOR BOYS, 
 
 chartered in November, 1871, and intended for the reception of orphan and destitute 
 
 white boys of all creeds, from 3 to 12 years of age, has its building in the centre of 
 
 six acres of ground on Greenway avenue near Forty -ninth street. In the vestibule is 
 
 to be seen a marble thus inscribed : — " This tablet is erected by the Trustees of the 
 
 Educational Home for Boys, in grateful recognition of the generosity of Mary Gibson, 
 
 a liberal benefactor of this Institution, as well as to perpetuate the memories of her 
 
 uncle, James Bartram, and her great grandfather, John Bartram, the earliest native 
 
 American botanist, and the founder of the first Botanical Garden on this continent, 
 
86 
 
 Hand-Dook of PhiladcIpJiia. 
 
 upon whose lands this edifice is erected, 1S72." This home is designed to be used in 
 connection with the Lincohi Institution, No. 30S South Eleventh street, for the care and 
 education of soldier orphan boys. At Maylandville, on the line of Darby Road, is the 
 Home for Destitute Colored Children, where they can be afforded the comforts of a 
 home and the rudiments of a simple education, and whence, at a suitable age, they 
 may be indentured to respectable families in the country. 
 woodland's cemetery, 
 one of the most romantic spots within many miles of Philadelphia, fronts on Darby 
 Road, south of Blockley, with a walled front along the Schuylkill. It covers 80 acres, 
 and is filled with sturdy oaks, tall poplars and trees of every variety, from which it 
 derives its name. It is said that there are trees in this cemetery which have no dupli- 
 cates in any other section of the United States. The property was once that of 
 William Hamilton, a well-known Philadelphian, who, shortly after the Revolution, 
 erected upon the ground a splendid stone mansion which has withstood the ravages of 
 time until the present day, and continues to be one of the features of beautiful 
 "Woodlands." The Cemetery Company, incorporated in 1 840, obtained the venerable 
 Hamilton estate and commenced its adornment. Unlike most burial grounds, the 
 visitor is not at its entrance confronted with mortuary decorations, or with any evidences 
 of a grave-yard. The road winds for some distance through a vista of gigantic trees 
 and carefully ornamented sward, and then for the first time opens to the vision a grand 
 
 perspective of polished monuments 
 glistening through the foliage. There 
 are here interred 7250 bodies, and among 
 the prominent objects are: the marble 
 shaft, inscribed with naval insignia, over 
 the grave of Commodore David Porter ; 
 the grave of Admiral Stewart, who 
 was nationally known as " Old Iron- 
 side;" the monument to Lieutenant 
 Greble, one of the earliest killed in the 
 Rebellion ; a towering shaft of granite 
 over the remains of Courtland Saunders; 
 the graves of Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, 
 Major-General Birney, and Perrelli, the 
 celebrated musician, the shaft with 
 Gothic decorations over the grave of Dr. 
 David Jayne. The most elaborate pri- 
 vate monuments are that of William H. 
 Moore, a pure Gothic structure, with 
 tower and pinnacles and splendid net- 
 FiRST uAPTisT CHURCH, WEST PHILADELPHIA. worlc and traccry, and the mausoleum 
 of the Drexel family, consisting of a white marble building, somewhat like a Grecian 
 
Wesf Pliiladelphia. 
 
 87 
 
 temple, the rich cornice and pediment of which are supported by Doric columns. 
 "Within are niches which, upon the reception of bodies, are hermetically sealed up. 
 There are quite a number of hand- 
 some churches in this neighborhood. 
 Among others we might mention the 
 First Baptist Church of West Phila- 
 delphia, at Thirty-sixth and Chestnut, 
 the Catholic Church at Thirty-eighth 
 and Chestnut, and the B e r e a n 
 Baptist Church at Fortieth and 
 Chestnut streets. West Philadel- 
 phia contains an improvement which 
 can, in its benefits, be realized but 
 not seen. Mill Creek Sewer, along 
 the bed of the creek of that name, 
 is one of the largest, save Cohock- 
 sink, which underlies the city proper 
 and empties into the Delaware, in 
 the country. It is 2650 feet long, 
 20 feet in diameter, drains an area 
 of 5000 acres, and has the capacity 
 for discharging into the Schuylkill 
 three hundred thousand cubic feet 
 of water per minute. The water 
 
 finds its way through it at the rate of bkrean church and parsonage. 
 
 ten miles an hour. On the north side of Market street, above the Schuylkill, will be 
 found the 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY'S DEPOT, 
 
 and just east of it a huge grain elevator, having a capacity for a million bushels of 
 grain. The Mantua freight station daily witnesses a freight business which nowhere 
 else in the world is to be seen. The tracks here have accommodations for ten thousand 
 freight cars, and thousands are constantly in motion on their way to the Delaware 
 front, to Jersey city, to the South via the Junction road which tunnels Market street, or 
 to the West. Haverford, Lancaster, Westminster, Elm and Belmont avenues, which 
 run to the county line through this section, are ornamented by handsome residences. 
 A prominent object north of Market street, is the 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, 
 
 whose early history is closely identified with that of the venerable structure on Pine 
 Street. The present institution was established and opened for the care of the Insane 
 in 1841, and now consists of 113 acres of beautifully diversified lawn and gardens 
 filled with shrubbery and surrounded by a high wall, and having on the most prominent 
 elevations two buildings of cut stone. The principal building, consisting of a central 
 
88 Hand- Bo ok of Philadelphia. 
 
 structure with wings, having Doric porticos and an imposing dome over one hundred 
 feet high, was commenced in 1822, and was not finished until 1S41. Since then 
 another has been erected, and both, having separate pleasure grounds and inclosures, 
 are respectively devoted to the care of male and female patients. The entire cost of 
 these improvements was f Soo,ooo. The institution is often called " Kirkbride's,'' 
 from the name of the Physician-in-chief. A visit here, rendered easy by the Marke^. 
 street cars, will amply repay philanthropists and those susceptible to the charms of 
 natural scenery. The mam edifices are commodious and imposing in dimensions and 
 architecture, and from their domes a delightful view of the distant city is opened to 
 the eye. There are here about 400 insane persons. The institution does not receive 
 idiots, and special arrangements must be made for the care of the epileptic. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, 
 
 occupying the grounds and buildings, at Thirty-ninth and Filbert streets, given it by 
 the late Courtland Saunders, and supported by an endowment fund, of which $300,000 
 were given by the late John A. Brown, is an institution possessing great interest, and 
 is worthy an inspection. The " Old Man's Home," is a short distance to the north, on 
 Thirty -ninth street, and consists of a large building in the midst of spacious grounds, 
 "for the shelter and care of old and infirm men." 
 
 Dr. Kearsley, who designed the State House and Old Christ Church, founded by 
 his will, in 1798, 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH HOSPITAL, 
 
 which stands near the Park limits, on Belmont avenue, " for the relief of indigent 
 females of the Episcopal church." Large donations were made by Joseph Dobbins 
 of South Carolina, including the square between Spruce, Pine, Eighteenth and Nine- 
 teenth streets, which was sold for $iSo,ooo, and at his death, in 1S04, at Charleston, 
 be bequeathed " all his estate, real and personal, consisting of 126 shares in the Bank 
 of South Carolina, together with other property amounting to about $60,000, to the 
 poor and distressed widows supported by the bounty of Dr. Kearsley, in Christ Church 
 Hospital." The institution was first opened at No. iii Arch street, subsequently located 
 on Cherry street, and finally removed to the elegant brown stone edifice which now 
 adorns Belmont avenue. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, 
 located west of the Hospital for the Insane, occupies a fine brown stone edifice in the 
 Tudor Gothic style, having an extreme length of 230 feet, and consisting of a central 
 structure surmounted by a turret and cross, and wings. There are here about two 
 hundred orphans who are under the charge of seventeen Sisters of St. Joseph. Ad- 
 joining it is Cathedral Cemetery. The Orphan Society of Philadelphia, organized in 
 1 8 14, and incorporated in I Si 6, has for its aim the rescue from ignorance, vice and 
 idleness of destitute, helpless and unprotected children. In 1S18 a building at Race 
 and Eighteenth streets was erected and occupied, and was destroyed by fire on the 
 morning of the 24th of January, 1822, twenty-three of its inmates perishing in the 
 flames. A new building was reared and occupied until a few years back, when the 
 
PVcs^ Philadelphia. 
 
 89 
 
90 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 institution removed to its present place of abode at Haddington. The site of the 
 Asylum is on the brow of a hill, commanding a splendid view of the surrounding 
 country. It fronts towards the east, on Sixty-fourth street, above Lansdown avenue. 
 Its cost was nearly f 70,000. Among the other noticeable benevolent institutions in 
 West Philadelphia are the Burd Orphan Asylum, on the Delaware County Line, three 
 miles west of Alarkct street bridge ; and the Industrial Home for Blind Women, at 
 Thirty-ninth and Locust streets, " for friendless and homeless blind women, in which 
 work is furnished." 
 
 I THE SEMINARY OF ST. CHARLES' BORROMEO, 
 
 incorporated in 1848, under the direction of the Lazarists, or Priests of the Congrega- 
 tion of Missions, is located at Overbrook Station, on the line of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad. The building is constructed of light gray stone from the Westlake quarries. 
 near Media, and is in the Italian style of architecture, having on the main, or south- 
 eastern front, a main edifice with wings running from it and ending in two ornamental 
 corner structures. A magnificent dome, with lantern and cross, surmounts the principal 
 building, and at the end of each wing rises a belvidere, or small tower, each supporting 
 a gilded cross. The entire front is 384 feet in length, and the depth 288. In the rear 
 is a beautiful chapel, arranged in the style and with all the appointments of a cathedral, 
 affording facilities for training the students in all the forms and ceremonies observed by 
 the Roman Catholic church. The cost of this conspicuous improvement was f 350,000. 
 One of the most beautiful churches to be found in the neighborhood of West 
 Philadelphia is that at Hestonville, erected by the Methodist Episcopal denomination. 
 We give an engraving of this truly ornamental edifice, on another page. 
 
 XI.-THE SUBURBS. 
 
 fUBURBAN PHILADELPHIA is everywhere charming. From the Dela- 
 ware to the Schuylkill, embracing Bridesburg, Tacony, Holmesburg, 
 II Frankford, Germantown, Chestnut Hill, Roxborough and Manayunk, the 
 scenery of woodland and lawns and romantic glens, is everywhere enriched by 
 beautiful villas and neat dwellings, where monotony is broken by gardens and shrubbery. 
 At Bridesburg, through which Frankford creek runs to the river, we find 
 
 A GREAT NATIONAL MANUFACTORY OF ARMS AND MUNITIONS OF WAR. 
 
 Here are made millions of metallic cartridges, not only for this but other countries, 
 and here we find, remote from all other buildings, one of the largest powder magazines 
 in the country. In the lawn which decorates the apjaroach to the arsenal, are arranged 
 many trophies of the Mexican war, and in a building some distance back of it is a 
 museum of arms, in which everything in the shape of a gun, from the old flint-lock 
 musket to the Remington rifle, is to be seen. Near the Delaware front are located the 
 extensive machine works established in 1810, by Alfred Jtnks, now enclosing a hollow 
 square and covering an area of almost 200,000 square feet. This was the first regular 
 
The Suburbs. 91 
 
 manufactory of cotton machinery built in the country, and it is now the most extensive 
 and important, employing nearly a thousand men. Near this, on the river, is 
 
 THE NEW HOUSE OF CORRECTION, 
 
 •which, when completed, will cost nearly a million and a half. It is for the confine- 
 ment of paupers able to work, and for men and women convicted of misdemeanors. 
 The building is of brown stone and the main design resembles the letter Y, the stem 
 forming the principal edifice, containing a fine chapel, and the wings forming the 
 angle. When finished, there will be three additional wings upon each side of the 
 central structure, affording accommodations, in cells, for about 1500 inmates. 
 
 Frankford is important in the world of cotton and woolen manufactures. It is 
 covered with large mills, employing thousands of hands, which are noisy with the 
 whirr and crash of machinery. 
 
 CEDAR HILL CEMETERY, 
 
 with its soldiers' monument, is an attractive spot. The Asylum for the relief of persons 
 deprived of their reason, which is located on Adam street, was founded in 181 5, and 
 has been ever since under the careful supervision of the Society of Friends. The 
 buildings, in the centre of pleasant grounds, are plain but commodious, and contain 
 now 90 unfortunates, who are supported by donations and regular subscriptions. 
 
 THE HOSPITAL OF THE JEWISH ASSOCIATIONS, 
 
 on Olney road, in the 23d ward, rises from a tract of land which embraces 15 acres, 
 and produces an abundance of fruit and vegetables of great variety. The building is 
 196 feet long and 45 deep, and is somewhat irregular in plan, being an adaptation of 
 an old structure with the addition of a new one. It is used as a home for the aged and 
 infirm, and as a hospital. The entire cost was $85,000. The style of architecture is 
 pleasing, while no element of usefulness has been overlooked for the sake of mere 
 ornament. 
 
 GERMANTOWN 
 
 is the principal and the most attractive of Philadelphia's numerous suburban 
 districts. Its location is high and healthy, and the natural beauty of its topography, 
 and its distance from the bustle and commotion of city life, have drawn thither many 
 families of wealth and distinction, who have filled it with splendid mansions. The 
 leading approaches to it, by the road having its name, one of the oldest turnpikes in 
 this section, and by the Germantown Branch of the Reading Railroad, lie through a 
 delightful country of hill, valley and slight stretches of plain. The residences along 
 Main street. Shoemaker, Church and Rittenhouse lanes, will charm the observer by 
 their variety from the simple brick to the villa more pretentious, with its vine-covered 
 verandahs, bay windows, mansard roofs and slopinglawnscombining the highest effects 
 of the gardener's skill. But Germantown's rural location does not, as the reader 
 might suppose, carry with it the usual concomitants of a country seat, cheaper rents 
 and cheaper food ; on the contrary, they are as dear, and, in many respects, dearer than 
 in the central sections of the built-up city. Relative to its history, we learn that the 
 first settlement of Germantown was made in 16S3, and that in 1689 the borough was 
 
94 Hand-Book of PliiladclpJiia. 
 
 resort to the local sportsmen, — a long, black trestle-work, and a confusion of spars. 
 This is Port Richmond, the great coal shipping depot of the Reading Railroad Company. 
 There are 21 shipping docks, having a total length of 15,000 feet, and capable of ac- 
 commodating, at one time, 250 vessels and boats. There are 23 shipping piers, having 
 a total length of four miles and a quarter, and covered with ten and a half miles of 
 single railroad track, in addition to the twenty-two miles of track which connect them 
 with each other and the main lines. Upon these piers are run the cars, and by means 
 oJ their trap-doors, the coal that has been placed in them at the mines is dropped 
 through schutes, 169 feet long, into the holds of vessels for transportation to other 
 sections. The storage capacity of the piers is 175,000 tons, and 2000 men are 
 employed in effecting daily shipments of over 30,000 tons. The company employ in 
 its enormous coal trade, among the hundreds of other vessels, six fine iron steam 
 colliers, and it is now establishing a yard in the vicinity of the wharves, for the pur- 
 pose of building enough more to make a fleet of fifty. The value of its works and 
 property situated here is nearly four millions of dollars. Passing the establishment of 
 I. P. Morris & Co., who give constant employment to six hundred men in the manu- 
 facture of steam engines, we reach William Cramp & Son's ship yards. These are, 
 perhaps, the most extensive in the United States, the clear water front being over eight 
 hundred feet. During the war this firm was extensively employed in the construction 
 of vessels of -war, and one of its most distinguished achievements was the New 
 Ironsides, which, after rendering such conspicuous service at Charleston and Fort 
 Fisher, and elsewhere along the coast, was burned to the water's edge while moored 
 at League Island. The four powerful iron steamers of the American line, each of 
 3100 tons and 1800 horse-power engines, were here built and successfully launched. 
 From the moment this commercial enterprise was started, a new era in the iron ship- 
 • building trade opened in this country, with its seat on the Delaware. It is now con- 
 ducted with spirit aiid success, and to a degree which, if all the statistics could be 
 obtained, would astonish the country. Within a year, vessels of over 6000 tons, and 
 ranking first in size of all the merchant vessels of the world, and second only in 
 dimensions to the Great Eastern, which is occupied in special service, have been 
 successfully launched on this river. Below, Neafie & Levy's yards and shops appear, 
 and then conspicuous the stand-pipe of the Delaware water works, which supply the 
 northeastern section of the city. From this point we have a succession of rolling 
 mills and forges, emitting great volumes of smoke, and employing thousands of men. 
 Below Laurel street, running to Noble, are the vast lumber wharves, where nearly two 
 hundred and fifty million feet are annually disposed of, not including a hundred 
 million in laths, shingles and pickets. The principal trade done here is local, but a 
 considerable quantity of lumber is exported to the West Indies and South America. 
 
 THE MORGUE, 
 
 where are received bodies of the unknown or unclaimed dead, is at the foot of Noble 
 street. Here are held, by the Coroner of the county, iuquests in all cases of violent 
 death, whether from a fall or an assassin's blow. Now we begin to encounter the 
 
The Delaware Front. 
 
 95 
 
 coastwise shipping; the Ericsson Line, of ten large sized propellers, running to Balti- 
 more and New York; Clyde's Line, with all possible coastwise ramifications, and 
 
 CLYDE STEAMER LEAVING PORT. 
 
 comprising under one ownership over 60 fine steamers ; the Lorillard's steamers, and 
 between Arch and Chestnut streets, the wharves of a number of fine river boats, among 
 which the Edzvin Forrest, Tzuilight and John A. IVarner are the most noticeable. 
 
 MAKICET STREET FERRY. 
 
 At the foot of Market street we have the principal ferry to Camden, five minutes being 
 the allotted time for crossing the river. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad has recently completed an improvement of vast im- 
 
94 Hand-Book of Pliiladclpliia. 
 
 resort to the local sportsmen, — a long, black trestle-work, and a confusion of spars. 
 This is Port Richmond, the great coal shipping depot of the Reading Railroad Company. 
 There are 21 shipping docks, having a total length of 15,000 feet, and capable of ac- 
 commodating, at one time, 250 vessels and boats. Theie are 23 shipping piers, having 
 a total length of four miles and a quarter, and covered with ten and a half miles of 
 single railroad track, in addition to the twenty-two miles of track which connect them 
 with each other and the main lines. Upon these piers are run the cars, and by means 
 oi their trap-doors, the coal that has been placed in them at the mines is dropped 
 through schutes, 169 feet long, into the holds of vessels for transportation to other 
 sections. The storage capacity of the piers is 175,000 tons, and 2000 men are 
 employed in effecting daily shipments of over 30,000 tons. The company employ in 
 its enormous coal trade, among the hundreds of other vessels, six fine iron steam 
 colliers, and it is now establishing a yard in the vicinity of the wharves, for the pur- 
 pose of building enough more to make a fleet of fifty. The value of its works and 
 property situated here is nearly four millions of dollars. Passing the establishment of 
 I. P. Morris & Co., who give constant employment to six hundred men in the manu- 
 facture of steam engines, we reach William Cramp & Son's ship yards. These are, 
 perhaps, the most extensive in the United States, the clear water front being over eight 
 hundred feet. During the war this firm was extensively employed in the construction 
 of vessels of ivar, and one of its most distinguished achievements was the A^ew 
 Ironsides, which, after rendering such conspicuous service at Charleston and Fort 
 Fisher, and elsewhere along the coast, was burned to the water's edge while moored 
 at League Island. The four powerful iron steamers of the American line, each of 
 3100 tons and 1800 horse-power engines, were here built and successfully launched. 
 From the moment this commercial enterprise was started, a new era in the iron ship- 
 ' building trade opened in this country, with its seat on the Delaware. It is now con- 
 ducted with spirit and success, and to a degree which, if all the statistics could be 
 obtained, would astonish the country. "Within a year, vessels of over 6000 tons, and 
 ranking first in size of all the merchant vessels of the world, and second only in 
 dimensions to the Great Eastern, which is occupied in special service, have been 
 successfully launched on this river. Below, Neafie & Levy's yards and shops appear, 
 and then conspicuous the stand-pipe of the Delaware water works, which supply the 
 northeastern section of the city. From this point we have a succession of rolling 
 mills and forges, emitting great volumes of smoke, and employing thousands of men. 
 Below Laurel street, running to Noble, are the vast lumber wharves, where nearly two 
 hundred and fifty million feet are annually disposed of, not including a hundred 
 million in laths, shingles and pickets. The principal trade done here is local, but a 
 considerable quantity of lumber is exported to the West Indies and South America. 
 
 THE MORGUE, 
 
 where are received bodies of the unknown or unclaimed dead, is at the foot of Noble 
 street. Here are held, by the Coroner of the county, inquests in all cases of violent 
 death, whether from a fall or an assassin's blow. Now we begin to encounter the 
 
Tlie Delaware Front. 
 
 95 
 
 coastwise shipping; the Ericsson Line, of ten large sized propellers, running to Balti- 
 more and New York; Clyde's Line, with all possible coastwise ramifications, and 
 
 CLYDE STEAMER LEAVING PORT. 
 
 comprising under one ownership over 60 fine steamers ; the Lorillard's steamers, and 
 between Arch and Chestnut streets, the wharves of a number of fine river boats, among 
 which the Edzvin Forrest, Twilight and John A. Warner are the most noticeable. 
 
 IIAKKET STREET FERRY. 
 
 At the foot of Market street we have the principal ferry to Camden, five minutes being 
 the allotted time for crossing the river. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad has recently completed an improvement of vast im- 
 
96 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 portance to the city. It has, crossing the extreme lower section, tracks connecting the 
 Delaware at Greenwich Point and Washington Avenue with its freight stations in West 
 Philadelphia. Delaware avenue, or that fronting immediately upon the river having 
 been widened, south of -Walnut street, by authority of Councils, the company has 
 extended its tracks from Washington avenue north upon the newly-enlarged thorough- 
 fare and into a huge depot. The character of this enterprise will be understood when 
 we say that cars can be loaded in any portion of the West, Northwest, Southwest or 
 South and transported to the wharves of the Delaware without an article in them being 
 touched ; and when arrived they are only within a few yards of the vessels that may 
 be required to convey their contents to other points. 
 
 Below this point appear the oyster boats which daily bring thousands of bushels of 
 the palatable moUusk from the lower Delaware, and the coves of the Chesapeake ; and 
 the wharves of the Southern Mail Steamship Company, and of the Albany, Providence 
 and Boston Lines. You may wish to know something of this spot of verdure in the 
 middle of the Delaware. That is 
 
 smith's island, 
 and that little double-hulled craft, the John Sniith, will convey you thither for a moiety. 
 Here a summer-garden, with variegated lights ; the refreshing cup and invigorating 
 bath and a side show, woo the young and old after the day's labor. The point south 
 of it, and separated by the Ferry Channel, is 
 
 WINDMILL ISLAND, 
 
 taking its name from a windmill which John Harding constructed upon it in 1 746. 
 There is at the southernmost extremity a weak imitation of Smith's elysium. The 
 massive sugar refinery of Harrison, Havemeyer & Co., at the foot of Bainbridge 
 street, is one of the most noticeable objects along the river. At the foot of Christian 
 street and Washington avenue are the great docks of the 
 
 AMERICAN AND RED STAR LINE STEAMERS. 
 
 The former consists of six vessels, the Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Abhois- 
 ford and Kenilworth, and has a weekly dej^arture for Queenstown, with cargoes 
 averaging two hundred thousand dollars in value. The latter line has a number of its 
 vessels still in the stocks, with only two, the Nederland and Vaderland, in operation, 
 their port of destination in Europe being Antwerp. Back of these docks is the 
 
 NAVY YARD AND DOCK OF AMERICAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Elevator, having a capacity of nearly a half million bushels of 
 gram, with excellent facilities for shipment. Our view of the Delaware presents these 
 
The Delaware Front. 97 
 
 wharves, a steamer approaching them, and the lofty ship-houses of the Navy Yard. 
 This yard, which covers 1 8 acres, was purchased by the Government in iSoi, for 
 f 37,500. It has admirably supplied the needs of the country, and is now valued at 
 two millions, — a very good investment in real estate. By Act of Assembly, of 181S, 
 no street is to be cut through it while used as a naval depot, and in that year it was 
 enclosed by the present wall, which separates it from the surrounding district. The 
 most prominent objects are the two ship-houses. The main one is 270 feet long, 103, 
 feet high, and 85 feet wide. Its associate is 210 feet long, 80 feet high, and 70 feet 
 wide. In these some of the finest vessels ever sent out under the American flag were 
 built, and not one failed from bad construction or inferior material. It has been well 
 said, " the history of the Yard has been a succession of successes." Many of the 
 principal vessels now in service were built here, as were many of the grand old "ships- 
 of-the-line," in use before iron-clads were conceived, among them being the Pennsyl- 
 vania, 120 guns, 3241 tons, in 1837; ^o. North Carolina, 84 guns, 2635 tons, in 1820; 
 the Wabash, (still in service,) 40 guns, 3200 tons, in 1855; the Princeto7t, celebrated 
 in her day as the swiftest vessel, and for her service at Vera Cruz, and now a receiving 
 ship ; the Arctic, memorable for her connection with the Kane Expedition, and the 
 Congress, which conveyed the last exploring party to the ice-bound regions of the 
 North. Among the improvemeuts at the Yard are moulding lofts, for modelling ships 
 of war, wliich are the largest in the country. The basin, into which vessels for repair 
 are admitted, is 350 feet long, 226 wide, and enclosed, except on the river front, by a 
 wall of granite. This work, which was commenced in 1849, was cornpleted by 
 Colonel Burnett, United States Engineer, at a cost of $400,000. There is in use here 
 a huge sectional floating dock, wliich was towed to the Navy Yard in 1 85 2, after a 
 service of nine years at the Brooklyn Yard. It consists of nine sections, having a total 
 length of 270 feet, and can support the largest vessels, being sunk under them and 
 rising with the burden as the water is pumped out of their compartments. The cost 
 of this dock was half a million. The Government is now malting preparations for 
 the complete removal of the Yard to League Island. There is at the Yard, upon one 
 of the docks, [1875] the famous old frigate ds/zj'/'zV^^z'/ow, whose successful engage- 
 ments with and escapes from the British while under the command of Hull, Decatur 
 and Stewart, have rendered her dear to the American heart. 
 
 LEAGUE ISLAND, 
 
 lying directly south of and separated by the " Back Channel " from the peninsula upon 
 which the city is built, was a gift by Pliiladelphia to the Government, for the purposes 
 of a naval station. This was at a time when the Government, with a grand array of 
 monitors on hand, was casting about for a fresh water depot to store them, salt water 
 with its inseparable concomitant of barnacles being exceedingly injurious to iron plates. 
 The Island is now being improved in accordance with the promise made at the time 
 of the transfer of its title from the city. It covers 600 acres, and when extensions, 
 permitted by the Port Wardens' line and now contemplated, are made, the station will 
 have a front of nearly three miles on the Delaware, with an average depth of water 
 G 
 
98 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 of 25 feet. Machinery halls have been erected, basins have been made, and large 
 graving and floating docks are in the design of improvements now being carried out. 
 The " Back Channel" is filled with monitors, the majority of which, planned for inlet 
 service on the South Atlantic coast, and just completed when the war closed, are light 
 draft and comparatively small in size. Moored along the Delaware front are a number 
 of the iron-clads which participated in the assaults on Forts Sumpter and Fisher, and 
 at Mobile, and the famous old ship-of-the-line Si. Louis, memorable for running into 
 Trieste with open ports and decks cleared for action, and demanding the release, by 
 the Austrian Government, of Martin Kotza, a naturalized American, who had been 
 detained for military service. The release was made in the presence of the Austrian 
 Navy, and the St. Louis withdrew in triumph from the port. She is now used as a 
 receiving ship. There is on the Island an " infant school," consisting of nine and 
 fifteen-inch guns, some weighing twelve tons, and throwing a thousand pound ball. 
 
 River steamboats, of handsome construction, will be seen gliding up and down the 
 Delaware river, at all hours of the day, freighted with passengers residing in towns on 
 
 RIVER STEAMBOAT. 
 
 the Delaware banks, or with Philadelphians in pursuit of business, or seeking health 
 
 from the cool breezes of the river. 
 
 The marshy shores of Mud Island are to be seen to the south from the new Naval 
 
 station. 
 
 FORT MIFFLIN 
 
 throws up at its lower end a range of frowning parapets over which peep the black 
 
 muzzles of parrot guns and huge columbiads, commanding the river in all directions. 
 
 In 1773 this defence, then a mere earthwork, was first constructed, and for many years 
 
 was known only as the "Mud Fort." On October 22d and 23d, 1777, the British 
 
 made a terrific attack upon it, by land and water, assaulting the fort at Redbank, at the 
 
 same time, but were defeated in both instances. The Augusta, a 64-gun frigate, the 
 
 flag ship of the British fleet, grounded here, was set on fire and exploded with terrific 
 
 fatality. One hundred and fifty men were killed, or blown into the water and drowned. 
 
 The hull of this frigate was raised in 1870, and it is yet to be seen drawn up on the 
 
 bank at Gloucester, together with the relics found in it. 
 
 Farther down, on Tinicum Island, — a distance of eleven miles from the city, — is 
 
 THE LAZARETTO AND QUARANTINE STATION. 
 
 It is pleasantly located, having a large central building with wings, and an extensive 
 tract of land surrounding, which is partly cultivated. Here all vessels entering the 
 port are visited ; and all cases of malignant or contagious diseases are removed to the 
 
The Schuylkill Frvnt. 99 
 
 Lazaretto Hospital, and the vessel bringing them is quarantined for purification. Be- 
 yond, towards the bay, you find the extensive ship-building town of Chester, and the 
 prosperous city of Wilmington. The river widens, gradually, as it flows onward and 
 becomes one of the most magnificent in the world. 
 
 XIII.-THE SCHUYLKILL FRONT 
 
 ETREATING, and re-approaching League Island, you enter the mouth of 
 the Schuylkill River, a name given by the early Dutch navigators, and 
 is said to express the idea of a hidden river, from the fact that its junction 
 with the Delaware River is not discernable in ascending the latter. A very important 
 improvement, and one of much interest to the city commerce, is being made by the Inter- 
 national Steamship Co., along the shore above Girard Point. This improvement consists, 
 in fact, of a wharf 500 feet long and 250 feet wide, with lateral docks capable of 
 berthing four first-class steamships, or twelve ordinary grain vessels, at one time, and 
 with 25 feet of water at low tide. In the centre of the wharf stands an immense grain 
 elevator, 130 feet high, 200 feet deep and lOO feet wide, there being used in its con- 
 struction over a million bricks, ten thousand tons of iron, and over five hundred thou- 
 sand feet of lumber. It contains twelve elevating machines, each with a capacity for 
 unloading and delivering into the hold of vessels 4500 bushels of grain an hour. This 
 wharf and elevator are connected directly with the southern extension of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad, and cars loaded in Minnesota or Kansas can be run directly up to the 
 vessels which are to receive their grain. The cost of this enterprise was $700,000, 
 and the end is not yet, for the wharf is soon to be extended to a total length of 1000 feet. 
 Looking up over the bend of the river, the long retort house and huge gasometer of 
 
 POINT BREEZE GAS WORKS 
 
 loom into sight. The former is 250 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 60 feet high, while 
 the great storage tank, — said to be the largest in the world, — consists of a sheet iron 
 drum, 160 feet in diameter, 95 feet in height, and is capable of holding 1, 800,000 cubic 
 feet of gas. Stretching beyond and around this section are the great coal oil refineries, 
 with the facilities for exporting nearly an hundred millions of gallons a year. Phda- 
 delphia's trade in crude and refined petroleum is enormous and rapidly increasing. 
 The Schuylkill, after passing north of the Naval Asylum, will be found lined with 
 stone and marble wharves, which are at all times covered with sand-stones, of all 
 colors, granite, native and imported marbles for statuary and decoration. 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA GAS WORKS 
 cover that square bounding the east side of the Schuylkill, which lies just north of 
 Market street. The city was first supplied from them in 1835, since which time very 
 great improvements have been made. There are in daily operation nearly 900 retorts, 
 and the surrounding holders have a capacity of 2,500,000 cubic feet. At Point Breeze 
 there are 240 clay and 288 iron retorts. The capacity of the entire works Ave million 
 cubic feet of gas for every 24 hours. 
 
100 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 XIV.~FAIRMOUNT PARK. 
 
 AIRMOUNT PARK, still in the childhood of its progress, has become 
 already a remarkable achievement. Its opening was a revelation of un. 
 U suspected beauty, and its development a source of gratification to hundreds 
 of thousands of visitors. Philadelphia is surrounded with delightful environs ; but 
 Nature seems to have been most prodigal with her charms within the boundaries of 
 the Park. To all who choose to pass its portals, there are walks and drives miles after 
 miles in extent, which lead through scences of unsurpassed loveliness. The surface 
 exhibits every picturesque variation, presenting contours smooth and broken, covered 
 
Fairmoiint Park. 
 
 101 
 
102 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 with stately trees, and watered by brooks which flash through lawns and break into 
 cascades in the depths of ravines. When equal means shall have been applied to the 
 
 enabellishment of Fairmount to 
 those lavished upon the parks of 
 the old woi'ld, it will, in magnifi- 
 cence, excel them all. The di- 
 mensions of this resort will be 
 best understood by a comparison. 
 Epping Forrest, Essex County, 
 England, has 12,000 acres; the 
 Prater, at Vienna, 5120 acres; 
 Windsor Forest, Berks County, 
 England, 3800 acres; Fairmount 
 Park, Philadelphia, 2991 acres; 
 Richmond Park, Surrey County, 
 England, 2468 acres ; Bois de 
 Bologne, Paris, 2158 acres; 
 Hampton Court, Surrey County, 
 England, 1842 acres; Phoenix 
 Park, Dublin, 1752 acres; Petit 
 Pare, Versailles, 1280 acres; Cen- 
 tral Park, New York, 843 acres. 
 The original portion of our Park 
 was Fairmount, upon which, it is 
 said, William Penn " had his eye, 
 but not his heart," and its use as 
 a public resort is almost contempo- 
 MONSTRous PINES, WEST PARK. rary with the construction of the 
 
 water works which have now become known all over the world. Apropos of this im- 
 portant department, we give the reader a sketch. 
 
 In the early days of Philadelphia, the supply of water came from pumps and wells. 
 Benjamin Franklin first called the aUention of the citizens to the necessity of obtaining 
 it fi-om some other source. This was just after the city had been visited by the yellow 
 fever; and in his will, dated June 23, 1789, he said, with reference to his bequest to 
 the city : " and having considered that the covering of the ground plot of the city with 
 buildings and pavements, which carry off most of the rain and prevent its soaking into 
 the earth to renew and purify the springs, whence the water must gradually grow 
 worse, and in time be unfit for use, (as I find has happened in old cities,) I recom- 
 mend that at the end of the first hundred years, if not done before, the corporation of 
 the city employ a part of the hundred thousand pounds, in bringing, by pipes, the 
 water of the Wissahickon into the town, so as to supply the inhabitants." It seems 
 that the matter rested in abeyance until 1797, when Councils were first brought to 
 
Fairinotmt Park. 
 
 103 
 
 consider a plan. In 1798 they entered into a contract with B. H. Latrobe to build the 
 works, and a basin was constructed in the Schuylkill at the foot of Chestnut street, the 
 bottom of which was three feet below low tide mark. From this basin the water was 
 pumped into another, and thence admitted into a subterranean canal, six feet in its 
 
 diameter, and flowmg mto a well 39 feet deep From here the watei was raised into 
 a brick tunnel, 3144 feet in length, which passed along Chestnut street to Broad, and 
 up Broad to Centre Square Engine House, standing upon the spot which is now to be 
 the court-yard of the New City Hall. This engine-house, sometimes called the 
 " Pepper-box," was a fine building of marble, with two porticos and a large dome. 
 
104 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Here again the water was pumped from cisterns into tanks, and distributed, by means 
 of bored logs, throughout the city. The engines and boilers were crude, but quite 
 effective. The levers, beams, fly-wheels and pumps were all made of wood ; the 
 boiler, even, was of wood, in the shape of a ponderous oak-plank box, covered with 
 iron straps, and securely bolted. The fire box, of iron, was set in at one end. Imperfect 
 as it was, the engine at the Centre Square house pumped 1,474,000 gallons every 24 hours. 
 It was the fourth built in the United States. In 181 1, Mr. Frederick Graeff, who pro- 
 jected the present works, recommended Fairmount as the best location for distributing 
 a supply of water, and in 1819 the dam was built, being 1300 feet long, and in some 
 places sunk to a depth of thirty feet below low tide mark. A range of marble 
 pumping houses, since almost entirely changed, was constructed at the foot of Fairmount, 
 and breast-wheels were introduced, which, driven by water, raised water to the basins 
 upon the hill. The old Centre Square works were abandoned, and by an accident in 
 1870, the old Chestnut street tunnel, which had long been forgotten, was discovered, 
 and is now utilized as a culvert. At an immense outlay the city has improved the 
 original works at Fairmount, and erected additional pumping houses at Belmont, 
 Roxborough and othei; points on the Schuylkill, and on the Delaware. The depart- 
 ment is of huge proportions. During the year 1873, combined, they pumped over 
 fourteen billio7t gallons of water, granting an average supply to the city of more than 
 forty million gallons per day. There are laid 585}^ miles of mains, and additions are 
 constantly being made. Some of the engines are of the most ponderous build and 
 power, the leading one being at the Spring Garden works, which has a capacity of ten 
 million gallons every twenty-four hours. The annual receipts from water rents are 
 about one million dollars, while the expenditures are half a million more. At a cost 
 of two millions, a vast storage reservoir, capable of holding seven hundred and fifty 
 million gallons, is now being constructed in the East Park. Such is the character of 
 the department after an existence of seventy-five years. 
 
 Realizing that, for years to come, the Schuylkill in the city would continue the 
 main source of supply, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, under the authority and 
 
 with the means granted by the city, aided 
 extensively by the liberality of holders of 
 property, commenced the rapid enlarge- 
 ment of the Park along that stream, in 
 order to securely maintain it from the 
 encroachments of factories, whose refuse 
 emptied into it would render the water 
 impure. Now this splendid i-esort 
 stretches for miles on either side of the 
 river, embracing upland and valley, mea- 
 vTEw FROM BELOW THE DAM. ^low aud raviuc, and extending a long 
 
 distanae back of the river's banks. Fairmount, with its basins and its terraces ; 
 its winding walks, its fountains and its flowers ; its works, where the heavy rumble 
 and jar of the pumps mingle with the splash of the water that pours in a broad, 
 
Fairmount Park. 
 
 105 
 
 even, glistening sheet over the dam ; Fairmount, opening first to the visitor who 
 hastens out from the heat, the noise and the cares of the city, presents a charmingly 
 refreshing picture to the eye, whose attractions are unfading. As you enter, from the 
 Green street gate, you will notice a plain, white, rough-cast building, before which a 
 fountain, standing in the centre of a large pool, throws up a dozen jets of water. This 
 is the Art Gallery, and among its treasures are three paintings which will always be 
 celebrated. They are Ferdinand Pauwel's " New Republic," symbolizing the past and 
 future of this nation; Benjamin West's " Christ Rejected," and Rothermel's " Battle 
 of Gettysburg." These are all huge canvasses. The latter was painted by order of 
 the Legislature, at a cost of $30,000. One of the most finished and beautiful of Mr. 
 Rothermel's productions is here to be seen in the painting of the " Christian Martyrs in 
 the Roman Amphitheatre." 
 
 #?tfciK 
 
 GENERAL VIEW NEAR THE GRE. \L 
 
 Following the main promenade which leads to the interior beauties of the Park, 
 we reach what for some distance has been conspicuous, — Lincoln's Monument. This 
 fine bronze was modelled by Randolph Rogers, in Rome, and cast at Munich. Its 
 entire cost was .$33,000, and the ceremonies of the unveiling, in the presence of fifty 
 thousand persons, took place on September 22d, 1870, the anniversary of the Procla- 
 mation of Emancipation. The martyred President is represented sitting in a cushioned 
 chair holding in his right hand a quill pen and in his left 
 a scroll, — the immortal proclamation. The face is an 
 excellent likeness and the posture is easy and natural. 
 The figure is colossal in size, measuring, as it is, 9 feet 
 and 6 inches in height, and if represented standing, in the 
 same proportions, would be 11 feet high. It is raised 
 upon a granite base, upon the sides of which appear these 
 inscriptions: "To Abraham Lincoln, from a grateful 
 people," on the south face ; on the east, " Let us here 
 highly resolve that the government of the people by the 
 people and for the people shall not peri.sh from the face 
 of the earth ;" on the north, " I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves 
 within the states in rebellion, are, and henceforth shall be, free ;" and on the west face, 
 " With malice towards none, with charity towards all, with firmness in the right as 
 God gives us to see the right, let us finish the work we are in." The monument stands 
 
 LINCOLN S MONLMENT. 
 
106 
 
 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 
 
 at the foot of Lemon Hill, at the junction of the main with the river drive, on abroad 
 plateau and in the centre of picturesque surroundings. 
 
 From this point the Park sweeps along the winding river to the mouth of the 
 Wissahickon, embracing, too, the banks of that stream as far as the county line. All 
 
 this magnificent area was once divided 
 
 ^ ^r^ ^^ 
 
 STEAMBOAT LANDING, ROCKLAND 
 
 into country seats, and many of the origi- 
 nal names are still retained, such as 
 Sedgeley, The Cliffs, Fountain Green, 
 Flarleigh, Rockland and Strawberry Man- 
 sion. Robert Morris, the great Colonial 
 financier, lived at Lemon Hill ; and Rock- 
 land has become celebrated for the free 
 excursions of poor children, which re- 
 peatedly take place in the summer-time ; 
 while Strawberry Mansion, the central 
 
 object in the great East Park, has become one of the most popular resorts of the 
 ^ —•=&-— people. It rises from a high 
 
 plateau, starting abruptly 
 from the Schuylkill which 
 curves at its foot. The 
 position commands a mag- 
 nificent perspective of the 
 river and the surrounding 
 country. Under the pro- 
 % prietorship of its present 
 incumbent, Mr. Grimm, 
 this very picturesque and 
 STRAWBERRY MANSION. hcalthful Tctrcat has been 
 
 furnished with every means and appliance for the refreshment of all comers. The 
 
 stabling is ample, and the 
 comfort of travellers has 
 been duly i-emembered. 
 Standing at the brow of the 
 hill and locking northwest 
 through a long vista of ro- 
 mantic scenery, the mills 
 and dwellings of the Fall's 
 village come into view; 
 below, the white monu- 
 ments in West Laurel Hill 
 LOOKING n 0^1 sTR\\\BERi \ MANSION and South Laurcl Hill 
 
 show their glistening shafts through the foliage ; across you see Belmont, the flag from 
 
Fairmoiint Park. 
 
 107 
 
 L \Li LL HILl 
 
 the distant concourse at George's Hill, and beyond all this the dim maze of spires of 
 the distant city. Splendid drives circle around the hill, and nicely graded walks lead 
 to the springs and gullies. The old mansion has been remodelled into a fine hotel, 
 well ordered and well kept. Before the river front is placed the orchestra stand, and 
 here, in the pleasant summer evenings, the people assemble in large numbers to enjoy 
 their ices and listen to the music. 
 
 The river road sweeps by Laurel Hill, — one of the most beautiful of American 
 cemeteries. The main entrance is from Ridge avenue, through a building of brown 
 stone, having a splendid 
 corridor of Doric columns. 
 At the entrance the visitor 
 finds himself upon the 
 threshold of a scene of un- 
 rivalled loveliness, having 
 before him a beautifully 
 undulating surface covered 
 with a forest of marble and 
 granite shafts. Just inside 
 the gate is Thom's cele- 
 brated group of " Old Mor- 
 tality," and, a little beyond, an obelisk marking the resting place of Godfrey, the 
 inventor of the Quadrant. This monument was erected by the Mercantile Library 
 Company, in 1843, "in gratitude for the enduring benefit of his invention." Near it 
 is the soapstone slab which was placed over his grave in 1749. Following the 
 road we reach a Gothic chapel, and from this point encounter, rapidly, monuments of 
 exceeding beauty and interest. Here are to be seen the memorials of General Twiggs, 
 who fell at Mexico ; General Hugh Mercer, who fell at the battle of Princeton, and 
 whose remains were transferred from Christ Church -yard, in 1840, with unusual pomp 
 and ceremony ; John Fitch, the inventor of the steamboat ; Thomas McKean, signer 
 of the Declaration of Independence, and of Commodore Hull, whose tomb is modelled 
 after that of Scipio's, at Rome. Here repose the ashes of that gallant hero, who, by 
 his triumph in the Constitutiojt, over the Guerriere, on the 19th of August, 181 2, 
 "became the precurser of that series of victories which immortalized the Navy of the 
 United States." In the adjoining lot sleeps Commodore A. Murray, and east from his 
 grave is the monument to the memory of Stephen Decatur Lavalette, U. S. N. The 
 shaft to the yellow fever victims rises prominently to view. It is inscribed : " In 
 memory of the doctors, druggists and nurses who volunteered to aid the sufferers by 
 the yellow fever at Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va., and died in the discharge of their 
 duties." The Godey family vault, in the shape of a chapel, constructed of Italian 
 marble, is one of the many beautiful objects noticeable. Near it lie the remains of 
 Charles EUet, of the Mississippi Ram fleet, and the designer and builder of the old 
 Fairmount Suspension Bridge; Matthias W. Baldwin, the builder of the first successful 
 
108 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 American locomotive ; Charles Thompson, the confidential Secretary of the Continental 
 Congress; Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, the Arctic explorer, whose efforts in behalf of 
 science hastened his death; Julius R. Friedlander, founder of the Pennsylvania Insti- 
 
 WISSAHICKON CREEK. 
 
 tution for the Instruction of the Blind; and of Charles A. Hassler, Surgeon, U. S. N., 
 who perished, when returning from a protracted cruise, in the noble effort to save the 
 helpless on the wreck of the steamer Atlantic, in Long Island Sound, November 27, 
 
Fairmoiint Avenue. 
 
 109 
 
 1846. There are many magnificent marbles, — especially that of Isabel Coleman and 
 of the family of Henry D. Samiders, which deserve a full description, but this is 
 impossible in a limited space. Laurel Hill Cemetery dates to 1835, the first interment 
 being made October 19th, 1836. It is estimated 22,000 bodies have since been buried 
 in it. 
 
 Follow the river drive, from which we turned off to glance at Laurel Hill, to the 
 Wissahickon, and the choicest pleasures of rural scenery are before you. No visitor 
 should fail to see this stream from the county line to its entrance into the Schuylkill. 
 It flows through a narrow valley, hedged by steep hills, studded from foot to crown 
 
110 
 
 Hand-Book of Pliiladclphia. 
 
 with majestic oaks, tall poplars and wide-spreading chestnuts, 
 of the stream some fresh beauty will strike the eye. 
 There is, too, along its banks a shadowy light which fills 
 the mind with weird thoughts. Romancers, under the 
 witching spell it has cast upon them, have woven many a 
 strange legend of the times and the people long since 
 passed. We meet many relics of the last century. Near 
 Valley Green is the old bridge, and the Indian Rock 
 where, tradition tells, the Leni Lenapes as- 
 sembled to hear their chiefs. The " Hermit's 
 Pool" and "Hemlock Glen," deep in the 
 shadow of the trees, have each their story. 
 The charms of natural scenery multiply as we 
 advance up the stream, and cluster at Chest- 
 nut Hill, which has long been one of the 
 
 At every turn ; 
 
 most popular subuibs of the city. Some of the largest 
 paper mills in the country are upon the Wissahickon, 
 and upon its banks, as early as 1 690, the first of the kind 
 established on this continent was erected by William 
 Rittenhouse and William Bradford. The West and East 
 Parks are connected by five bridges, Fairmount, Girard, 
 Connecting Railway, Columbia and Falls. The new 
 structure at Girard avenue is one of the finest in existence. 
 It is constructed of iron, having five spans, a length of 1000 feet, a width of 100 feet, 
 
Fairmount Park. Ill 
 
 and cost $1,404,445, having been built by Clarke, Reeves & Co. Just below it, along 
 the shore of Fairmount Park, will be noticed a range of fine brown stone and granite 
 boat-houses, exceedingly ornamental in appearance. These belong to the crews com- 
 prising the Schuylkill Navy, an organization of gentlemen of means and refinement, 
 
 FALLS BRIDGE. 
 
 who have done much to develop and raise the standard of amateur oarsmanship. They 
 have a fine assortment of paper and cedar shells, pleasure boats and barges, which, 
 upon any pleasant day, may be seen darting swiftly to and fro upon the smooth river. 
 The West Park is admired for its drives, one of which, the " Vista," has with all 
 its sinuations a length of over ten miles. The Landsdowe drive carries you from 
 
112 
 
 Hand-Book of PJiiladelphia. 
 
 Girard avenue bridge to Belmont, and from there to the concourse on George's Hill. 
 This is the highest natural elevation in the city, and it would be difficult to find else- 
 
 ^__ _- ,- _ . - vv^here a richer combination of 
 
 landscape beauties than is here 
 presented, fiom any point of ob- 
 servation. The Zoological gar- 
 den lies southeast, along the 
 
 ms' 
 
 M. BJ 
 
 BRIDGE OVER THE WISSAHICKON AT VALLEY GREEN. 
 
 BtAR PITb. 
 
 Schuylkill. The society now conducting it has been in existence a long time, but has 
 only within a few years been in a position to carry its views into effect. The grounds 
 now devoted to the purposes of a garden are 35 acres, and long formed an elegant 
 rural residence, being known as " Solitude," and rendered historical as the abode of 
 John Penn, while he was Governor of Pennsylvania. The dwelling-house, erected by 
 him, still remains. It is in the ancient Manorial style, on a small scale, and is sur- 
 rounded by a grove of venerable forest 
 trees. The society's improvements con- 
 sist of an ornate monl<ey house, beaver 
 dam, deer parks, buffalo parks, winter 
 house for tropical animals, and three 
 stone bear pits, twelve feet deep, each 
 provided with a climbing pole, bath and 
 refuge holes. A huge "grizzly" occu- 
 pies the centre one. The collection of 
 animals is already very large, and constant 
 additions are being made. Among the 
 principal may be mentioned buffalo, elephant, lion, tiger, giraffes, kangaroos, 
 hyaenas, deer, the " historical cow " which marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the 
 sea, and prairie dogs. It is believed that in a few years the Philadelphia Zoological 
 Garden will hold an equal rank with that in London and in Paris. 
 
 GEORGE S HILL. 
 
The Centemtial. 113 
 
 XV.-THE CENTENNIAL. 
 
 INALLY the Centennial. The grand scheme of an international exhibition 
 
 of the arts, sciences and industries of the world as a memorial of the first 
 century's existence of the United States, is now rapidly approaching realiza- 
 tion. The grave difficulties under which its projectors have labored, — and they were 
 grave, and certainly many, — ^have all passed away, and the undertaking moves on with 
 all the promises of triumphant success. Sectional feeling, which in some quarters was 
 raised against Philadelphia as the proper place for such an event, has disappeared ; the 
 people are thoroughly alive to the importance and character of the display, and public 
 interest increases as the time for the achievement of the work draws on. As Paris 
 surpasses London, and Vienna Paris, so will Philadelphia outrival them all in the scope 
 of the display, in the splendor and adaptability of her buildings, and in the collections 
 of the products of all phases of industrial, artistic and scientific labor. The forthcoming 
 exhibition was first suggested by Prof. Campbell, of Indiana, (now Secretaiy of the 
 Commission,) in a letter written to the Hon. Morton McMichael, Mayor of Philadelphia 
 in 1 866. This was communicated to Councils, and they acted upon it as did the 
 Franklin Institute also. On the 3d of March, 1871, Congress passed an act providing 
 for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence by 
 holding an international exhibition of arts, m.anufactures and products of the soil and 
 mines, in 'the city of Philadelphia, in 1876, and granting to the President authority to 
 appoint, upon the nomination of the Governors of the several states and territories, a 
 commissioner and alternate from each, who were together to be known as the United 
 States Centennial Commission, having the superintendence of the Exhibition, No 
 appropriation being made at that time. Congress, in the following year, created a 
 corporation under the title of Centennial Board of Finance, authorized to sell stock 
 limited to ten millions of dollars in shares of ten dollars each. In order to set the 
 preliminary preparations on foot, the Councils of this city appropriated $50,000, and 
 shortly after an additional $25,000. By the act of 1871 Congress directed an invita- 
 tion to be extended to " the people of all nations," and by a subsequent one empowered 
 the President to extend a cordial invitation to " the governments of all nations " to 
 participate in the Exhibition. Up to the close of September, 1874, England, France, 
 Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, Egypt and all the South American States had 
 accepted and appointed commissioners, and informal notice of the intention of all the 
 other European States to do so had been received. 
 
 In the preparation for the event the plan embraces a grand exhibition palace, a 
 machinery hall, an art gallery, a conservatory, and an agricultural hall. Fairmount 
 Park was early selected as the site for the buildings, and on July 4th, 1873, fifty acres 
 on the best level plain beneath George's Hill, in the "West Park, were formally trans- 
 ferred to the Commission. The Main Exhibition Building, as well as the Art Gallery 
 are now [January, 1875,] being erected by Richard J. Dobbins, contractor. Under 
 
114 
 
 Ha7td-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 the agreement, wliicK is capable of extension, the principal structure will cover 
 eighteen acres, and will cost $1,076,000, and may be enlarged /r^i rata per acre. It 
 is to be composed entirely of iron and glass, and of iron seven million pounds will be 
 used. It will have a clear length of 16S8 feet, and a width of 464 feet, with highly 
 ornamental fronts. It will consist of nine large pavilions in the centre, with galleries 
 
 running from them to the ends 
 of the structure. The greatest 
 length of the building will be on 
 a line parellel with Elm avenue. 
 Themost important consideration 
 in the preparation of its plan, 
 was to secure a perfect classifica- 
 tion of goods, both as to material 
 and geographical location. The 
 arrangement is such that, taking 
 for example silks, the productions 
 of all countries will be placed 
 together convenient for compari- 
 son. The building is to be com- 
 pleted by the 1st of January, 
 1876, and to spur the contractor 
 to the highest exertion, it is agreed 
 that every day's delay beyond 
 that time will cost him $1200, 
 while if he succeeds in com- 
 pleting it within that time, he is 
 to receive a bonus of §1200 for 
 each spare day. The Art Gal- 
 lery, which is to be the Centen- 
 nial Memorial Building, is to re- 
 main for years a repository of 
 relics and treasures, is now being 
 erected on the most commanding 
 portion of Lansdowne Plateau, 
 and on a line parallel with and 
 northward of the main exhibition building. The front view is southward over the 
 city. Lansdowne Plateau stands at an elevation of 1 1 6 feet above the surface of the 
 Schuylkill. The edifice is to be entirely fire-proof, of iron, granite and glass, with a 
 length of 365 feet, a width of 210 feet and a height of 59 feet, over a spacious base- 
 ment, the whole to be surmounted by a dome 150 feet in height, forming a landmark 
 which will be seen for many miles. The style of the outer structure is the modem 
 renaissance, graceful yet massive in outline, and in consonance with the surroimdings. 
 
The Centennial. 
 
 115 
 
 The main front consists of a central main entrance, of three colossal arched doorways 
 of equal dimensions ; a pavilion at each end, and two arcades connecting the pavilions 
 with the centre. Thirteen steps will lead to the arched entrances, each of the latter 
 being 40 feet high and 15 wide, while the iron doors will be relieved by bronze panels 
 bearing the coats of arms of all the states and territories. A balustrade with candelabra 
 
 will surmount the main cornice, and at either end will be placed figures representing 
 science and art, while in the centre of the main frieze will appear the Arms of the 
 United States. The dome, rising 150 feet from the centre, will be unique in design, 
 terminating in a colossal bell, upon which the figure of Columbia will appear with 
 protecting hands. At each corner of the base of the dome will stand figures typifying 
 the four quarters of the globe. Within, the edifice will be admirably adapted for the 
 exhibition of works of art, and will contain a grand hall which will accommodate 
 
116 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 eight thousand persons. There are corridors, arcades, pavilions and galleries com- 
 prised in the grand design, and the ornamentation will be chaste but exceedingly rich. 
 The cost will be over a million dollars, and the means have been provided by the 
 state and city, the former appropriating one million and the latter half a million for its 
 erection. 
 
 Machinery Hall will be a building somewhat similar in construction to the Main 
 Exhibition palace, of much greater strength, however, and will cover ten acres. It 
 will stand on a plain west of Belmont avenue, and will cost at the rate of $65,000 or 
 $70,000 per acre. The Conservatory will be erected on Lansdowne Terrace, north of 
 the permanent building, (the Art Gallery,) and is to be composed of glass and iron, 
 covering an area of 360 by 100 feet. There will be in the centre a large hall for the 
 display of plants, and upon each side " cold " or propogating houses. City Councils 
 have appropriated an additional million for these two last improvements. The project 
 hicludes also an Agricultural, which will have architectural features to harmonize with 
 the larger buildings. Work is being pushed with the utmost diligence, and it is 
 confidently asserted that the structures will all be finished six months before the 
 opening of the Exhibition in 1876. "Beyond the appi^opriations already mentioned 
 nearly two millions of stock have been subscribed for, of which the New Jersey Legis- 
 lature took f 100,000. The gigantic work is handled with the greatest intelligence and 
 care. The officers of the Commission are Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, President; Hon. 
 D. J. Morrell, Vice-President and Chairman of the Executive Committee ; Hon. A. 
 T. Goshorn, Director-General ; -Prof. John L. Campbell, Secretary. The active 
 members of the Board of Finance are John Welsh, Esq., President; Frederick Fraley, 
 Secretary; Thomas Cochran, Esq., Chairman of the Building Committee, and Ex- 
 Governor William Bigler, Chief of the Financial Bureau. Through the generosity of 
 Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, which have nobly aided the enterprise ; through the 
 unselfish labors of a number of distinguished men coming from different sections, 
 the grand Centennial project has triumphed over all obstacles ; has disarmed prejudice, 
 and now moves on steadily to what must be a glorious success, — a success honoring 
 both city and nation. 
 
 The aim of this work, — to present the most prominent objects of this city in a 
 connected form, — is accomplished. It would require a volume much more pretentious 
 than this is to do full justice to Philadelphia's history and attractions. There is scarcely 
 a street within her ancient limits which cannot conjure up reminiscences of the early 
 Colonial and Revolutionary times of the deepest interest. There are, too, many old 
 and new institutions, deserving elaborate description, whose merits it has been necessary 
 to crystalize into a brief paragraph. These pages will be found, however, to contain 
 much information that will be new to many, and if it serves no other end than to ac- 
 quaint Philadelphians themselves more thoroughly with the scope and character of 
 their own city, it will not have been written in vain. 
 
Passenger Railways. 117 
 
 XVI-STREET RAILROAD CARS. 
 
 HESE useful means of transit in our crowded city have extended through 
 its length and breadth. Scarcely twenty years have elapsed, since the in- 
 auguration of this means of locomotion, and, the general plan of the city 
 being favorable to its full development, every street of importance is now traversed by 
 a line of cars. In the following pages will be found a complete list of all the lines, 
 with the routes traversed by each of them. 
 
 TO FAIRMOUNT PARK. 
 
 The following seven routes, as described below, will convey travellers to and from 
 Fairmount Park : — The Union Line, from Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park 
 to the Navy Yard; the Chestnut and Walnut Streets Line, from Belmont avenue to 
 Front street ; the Arch Street Line, from Second and Arch streets to Twenty-sixth 
 and Callowhill streets ; the Spruce and Pine Streets Line, during the spring, summer 
 and fall seasons, from the Merchants' Exchange to the Green street entrance; the 
 Green and Coates Streets Line, from Fourth and Dickinson streets to the Fairmount 
 avenue entrance ; the Race and Vine Streets Line, from the Merchants' Exchange to 
 the Callowhill street bridge ; the Spring Garden and Poplar Streets Line, from Seventh 
 and Poplar streets to the Brown street entrance to the Park. 
 
 GERMANTOWN, ROXBOROUGH, ETC. 
 
 The depot of the Germantown Railroad, at Ninth and Green streets, may be 
 reached by the Green street cars, passing up Eighth street, or down Fourth ; or on 
 Green and Coates streets. 
 
 FRANKFORD. 
 
 Steam dummies run from the depot of the Fifth and Sixth streets line, at Frank- 
 ford road and Lehigh avenue, to Frankford. 
 
 RICHMOMD AND BRIDESBURG. 
 
 The Richmond cars, running on Second and Third streets, convey passengers to 
 Richmond ; and from the depot on Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street to Bridesburg. 
 
 MANAYUNK. 
 
 Cars running on Ridge avenue convey passengers to Manayunk. 
 
 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 
 
 Cars on Ridge avenue, and boats on the river Schuylkill. 
 
 LIST OF PASSENGER RAILWAYS. 
 
 MARKET STREET LINE.— Yellow cars— red lights. —Depot, Forty-first and Haverford streets. 
 From the Depot, down Forty-first street to Market, down Market to Front; return over the same route 
 to the Depot. 
 
 Haddington Line ; green cars — whi'.e lights. — Depot, Forty-first and Haverford streets. From the 
 Depot, out Haverford street to Sixty-seventh, in Haddington ; return over the same route to the Depot. 
 
 TWELFTH AND SIXTEENTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights. Leave Depot, Twelfth 
 street and Montgomery avenue, down Twelfth street to Wharton ; return up Wharton to Seventeenth, 
 Seventeenth to Carpenter, on Carpenter to Sixteenth, up Sixteenth to Montgomery avenue, down 
 Montgomery avenue to Depot. 
 
118 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 CHESTNUT AND WALNUT STREETS.— ;ifr»/« Line; Green cars-red lights.— Leave 
 Depot at Forty-second and Chestnut streets, down Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut; return up 
 Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Chestnnt, Chestnut to Depot. 
 
 Fairtnoiint Park Lhte • yellow cars — maroon light. — Leave Depot at Belmont and Columbia 
 Avenues, along Belmont avenue to Lancaster avenue, down Lancaster to Thirty-second, Thirty-secc>nd 
 to Chestnut, Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut ; return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second 
 to Chestnut, Chestnut to Thirty- second. Thirty-second to Lancaster, Lancaster to Belmont, out 
 Belmont to Depot. 
 
 Darby Line / red cars — white lights. — Depot, Forty-ninth street and Woodland avenue. From 
 the Borough of Darby (Delaware county), along Darby road and Woodland avenue to Chestnut street, 
 Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut, return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Chestnut, 
 Chestnut to Woodland avenue and Darby road to Darby. 
 
 Mount Moriah Line; blue cars — white lights. — Depot, Forty-ninth street and Woodland avenue. 
 From Rlt. Moriah Cemetery, out Mt. Moriah lane to Darby road, on Darby road and Woodland avenue 
 to Chestnut street. Chestnut to Front, Front to Walnut; return up Walnut to Twenty-second, Twenty- 
 second to Chestnut, Chestnut to Woodland avenue and Darby road to Mt. Moriah lane, Mt. Moriah 
 lane to Mt Moriah Cemetery. 
 
 TENTH AND ELEVENTH STREETS.— ^f^zK Line; yellow cars— red lights.- From the 
 Depot, Tenth street and Montgomery avenue, down Tenth street to Reed, out Reed to Eleventh, up 
 Eleventh to Diamond, down Diamond to Tenth, down Tenth to Depot. 
 
 Mifflin Street Line ; yellow cars — one horse. — From Tenth and Reed streets down Tenth to 
 Mifflin ; return over same route. 
 
 LeJiigh Avemte and Powell Street Line ; green cars — green lights. — Depot, Kensington avenue 
 and Cumberland Street. Up Kensington avenue to Lehigh avenue, Lehigh avenue to Si.vth, down 
 Sixth to Powell, Powell to Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh avenue, down Lehigh avenue to Kensington avenue, 
 Kensington avenue to Letterly street, Letterly to Depot. 
 
 Frankford Steam Line; — Depot, Frankford and Arrott streets, Frankford. Down Frankford street 
 to Kensington avenue, Kensington avenue to Main Depot at Cumberland street ; return to Frankford 
 over same route. 
 
 FOURTH AND EIGHTH STREETS.— Gfr;«rt«2'ra'« Line ; green lights.— Depots, Eighth 
 and Dauphin streets, and Germantown avenue and Church street, Germantown. Leave Depot, Eighth 
 and Dauphin streets, up Eighth to Germantown avenue, out Germantown avenue to the Depot; return 
 over the same route to the Depot, Eighth and Dauphin streets. 
 
 Dickinson Street Line; green lights. — Depot, Eighth and Dauphin street. From Depot, down 
 Dauphin street to Germantown avenue, Germanton avenue to Fourth, Fourth to Dickmson, up Dickin- 
 son to Eighth; return up Eighth to Cokimbia avenue, down Columbia avenue to Seventh, up Seventh 
 to Susquehanna avenue, up Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, up Eighth to the Depot. 
 
 Walnut Street Line ; green lights. — Depot, Eighth and Dauphin streets. Leave Depot, down 
 Germantown avenue to Fourth street, Fourth to Walnut; return up Walnut to Eighth street, up Eighth 
 to Columbia avenue, down Columbia avenue to Seventh street, up Seventh to Susquehanna avenue, up 
 Susquehanna avenue to Eighth street, up Eighth to the Depot. 
 
 Girard Avenue Line ; green lights. — Depot, Girard avenue and Taney street. From Depot, along 
 Girard avenue to Palmer street, down Palmer to Beach, along Beach to Shackama.xon ; return on 
 Shackaraaxon to Girard avenue, passing the Depot, to Thirty-first ; return from Thirty-first to Depot 
 on Girard avenue. 
 
 GREEN AND COATES STREETS.— Z'/c/j-Zk^^'w Street Line; green cars— red lights.— Depot, 
 Twenty-fourth street and Fairmount avenue. From the Fairmount avenue entrance to Fairmount Park, 
 along Fairmount avenue to Twenty-second street, down Twenty-second to Green, down Green to 
 Fourth, Fourth to Dickinson, out Dickinson to Eighth ; return up Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out 
 Fairmount avenue to Fairmount Park. 
 
 Walmit Sire t Line ; green cars — red lights. — Depot, Twenty-fourth Street and Fairmount avenue. 
 From the Fairmount avenue entrance to Fairmount Park, along Fairmount avenue to Twenty-second, 
 down Twenty-second to Green, Green to Fourth, Fourth to Walnut, out Walnut to Eighth; return up 
 Eighth to Fairmount avenue, out Fairmount avenue to Fairmount Park. 
 
 Delaware River Line ; green cars — one horse — red lights. — From Green and Beach streets — up 
 Beach street to Fairmount avenue, Fairmount avenue to Eighth ; return down Fairmount avenue to 
 Foiurth, Foiuth to Green, Green to Beach. 
 
Passenger Railways. 119 
 
 HESTONVILLE, MANTUA AND FAIRMOUNT PASSENGER RAILWAY CO.- Race 
 and Vine Streets Line; yellow cars— red lights.— Depot, Forty-first street and Lancaster avenue. 
 From Depot — along Lancaster avenue to Haverford street, down Haverford to Thirtieth, on Thirtieth 
 to Bridge street, across the Schuylkill river to Callowhill street, along CallowhiU to Hamilton, Hamilton 
 to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Race, Race to Second, Second to Walnut, up Walnut to Dock; 
 return up Dock to Third, Third to Vine, Vine to Tweniy-third, Twenty-third to Callowhill, Callowhill 
 to the Schuylkill river, across the river to Thirtieth street, on Thirtieth to Haverford, up Haverford to 
 Thirty-third, Thirty-third to Bridge street, Bridge to Lancaster avenue, out Lancaster avenue to Depot. 
 
 A rch Street Line; yellow cars— green lights. — Depot, Twenty-sixth and Callowhill streets. From 
 Depot, out Hamilton street to Twenty-second, down Twenty-second to Callowhill, out Callowhill to 
 Twentieth, down Twentieth to Arch, down Arch to Second; return up Arch to Twenty-first, up 
 Twenty-first to Callowhill, out Callowhill to the Depot. 
 
 Hestonville Line; green cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Forty-first street and Lancaster 
 avenue. From Depot, out Lancaster avenue to Fifty-second street, Hestonville ; return over the same 
 route to Depot 
 
 LOMBARD AND SOUTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights.— Depot, Twenty-fifth and 
 South streets. From Depot, down Lombard to Front, along Front to Dock, down Dock to Delaware 
 avenue ; returning up Dock street to Front, Front to South, up South to the Depot. 
 
 SPRUCE AND PINE STREET.— Gm/j ^^rry ZzW/ white cars— red lights.— Depot, Twenty- 
 third and Spruce streets. From Gray's Ferry Bridge up Gray's Ferry road to Christian street, down 
 Christian street to Twenty-second, up Twenty-second to Spruce, down Spruce to Third, up Third to 
 Walnut, down Walnut to Dock; return down Dock to Second, down Second to Pine, out Pine to 
 Twenty-third, down Twenty-third to Gray's Ferry road, down Gray's Ferry road to Gray's Ferry Bridge. 
 
 SECOND AND THIRD STREETS.— Afrt/Vz Litte; white cars— green light.— Depot, Frankford 
 road below Lehigh avenue. Leave Depot, down Frankford road to Jefferson street, up Jefferson to 
 Second, down Second to Mifllin, up Mifilin to Third ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, on 
 Germantown avenue to Oxford street, down Oxford to Front, up Front to Amber, Amber to the Depot. 
 
 Frankford Through Line; white cars with red flag — green light. — Depot, Frankford road below 
 Lehigh avenue. From the Depot up Frankford road to Paul street, up Paul street to the stand, above 
 Arrott street ; leaving Frankford, run down Main street to Frankford road, down Frankford road to 
 Jefferson street, up Jefferson street to Second, down Second to Mifflin, up Mifflin to Third ; return up 
 Third to Germantown avenue, on Germantown avenue to Oxford street, down Oxford to Front, up 
 Front to Amber, up Amber to the Depot. 
 
 North Penn Line; green cars — orange colored light. — Depot, Frankford road below Lehigh avenue. 
 Leave Depot, down Frankford road to Huntingdon street, up Huntingdon to Coral, on Coral to Cum- 
 berland, Cumberland to Emerald, Emerald to Dauphin, Dauphin to Second, Second to Dock, up Dock 
 to Third ; return up Third to Germantown avenue, up Germantown avenue to Oxford street, on Oxford 
 to Third, Third to Berks, Berks to Second, Second to York, York to Coral, Coral to Cumberland, Cum- 
 berland to Amber, Amber to the Depot. 
 
 Richmond Line ; red cars— red light. — Depot, Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street. From the 
 Depot out Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, down Richmond street to Frankford road, Frankford road 
 to Manderson street, Manderson street to Beach, Beach to Laurel, Laurel to Delaware avenue, Dela- 
 ware avenue to Fairmount avenue, up Fairmount avenue to Second street, down Second to Dock, up 
 Dock to Third ; return up Third to Brown, down Brown to Beach, Beach to Manderson, Manderson to 
 Frankford road, Frankford road to Girard avenue, down Girard avenue to Norris street, Norris to Rich- 
 mond, up Richmond to Lehigh avenue, Lehigh avenue to the Depot. 
 
 Bridesbnrg Line; white cars — white lights. — Depot, Lehigh avenue and Edgemont street. Out 
 Lehigh avenue to Richmond street, up Richmond to Bridge street, on Bridge to Washington street; 
 return over the same route. 
 
 Cumberland Street Line; white cars — white light — one horse. — From Richmond and Cumberland 
 streets (on Cumberland street) to Ambei-; return over the same route. 
 
 Front Street Line ; white cars — one horse. — From Fairmount avenue and New Market street, down 
 New Market street to Vine, Vine to Front, Front to Chestnut; return over the same route. 
 
 AVcghany Avenue Line; yellow cars — white light — one horse. From Lehigh avenue and Rich- 
 .inond street to Alleghany avenue ; return over the same route. 
 
120 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 RTDGE AVENUE. — Manayunk Line ; yellow cars, carrying a flag with a white star in centre — 
 yellow light. — Depot, Thirty-second street and Ridge avenue. From Green lane in Manayunk, on 
 Main street, to Ridge avenue, down Ridge avenue to Tenth, down Tenth to Arch, down Arch to Second 
 street ; return up Arch to Ninth, up Ninth to Ridge avenue, up Ridge avenue to Main street, in Mana- 
 yunk, on Main street to Green lane. 
 
 Short Line, from Thirty-second and Ridge avenue to Second and Arch streets ; yelbw cars — red 
 light. — Depot, Thirty-second street and Ridge avenue. Down Ridge avenue to Tenth, Tenth to Arch, 
 Arch to Second ; return up Arch to Ninth, Ninth to Ridge avenue. Ridge avenue to the Depot. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH STREETS.— Yellow cars— red lights.— Depot Nine- 
 teenth and ]\i3Ster streets. From the Depot, up Nineteenth street to Columbia avenue, along Columbia 
 avenue to Seventeenth, down Seventeenth to Ridge avenue, Ridge avenue to Francis, P rancis to Seven- 
 teenth, Seventeenth to Carpenter, Carpenter to Nineteenth, up Nineteenth to the Depot. 
 
 THIRTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH STREETS.— Co/z<»z3z'a ^z/?«;/^Zz>Z£?/ green cars— green 
 lights. — Depot, Broad street and Washington avenue. From the Depot up Broad to Carpenter, out 
 Carpenter to Fifteenth, up Fifteenth to Master, out Master to Ridge avenue. Ridge avenue to Columbia 
 avenue, on Columbia avenue to Thirteenth ; return down Thirteenth to Carpenter, Carpenter to Broad, 
 down Broad to the Depot. 
 
 Norris Street Line; yellow cars — red lights. — Depot, Broad street and Washington avenue. From 
 the Depot, up Broad to Carpenter, out Carpenter to Fifteenth, up Fifteenth to Columbia avenue, on 
 Columbia avenue to Broad, up Broad to Norris, Norris to Thirteenth ; return down Thirteenth to Car- 
 .penter, out Carpenter to Broad, down Broad to the Depot. 
 
 South Broad Street Line ; yellow cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Broad and Washington 
 avenue. From the Depot, down Broad to Jackson streets; return over the same route to the Depot. 
 
 North Broad Street Line ; yellow cars — red lights — one horse. From the Depot, (Broad and 
 Norris streets.) up Broad to the New York Junction Depot; return over the same route to the Depot. 
 
 UNION LINE. — Fairmmint Park and Navy Yard; yellow cars — red light. — Depot, Twenty- 
 third and Brown streets. From the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown street to 
 Twenty-third, down Twenty-third to Wallace, on Wallace to Franklin, Franklin to Seventh, Seventh 
 to Federal, Federal to Front, Front to Wharton; return up Wharton to Ninth, Ninth to Spring Garden, 
 Spring Garden to Twenty-third, Twenty-third to Brown, on Brown to the Brown street entrance to 
 Fairmount Park. 
 
 Richmond Line ; green cars — green light. — Depot, Thompson and Norris streets. From the Depot, 
 down Thompson street to Marlborough, on Marlborough to Belgrade, on Belgrade to Frankford road, 
 on Frankford road to Master, up Master to Franklin, down Franklin to Race, Race to Seventh, down 
 Seventh to Passyunk road, Passyunk road to Ellsworth, Ellsworth to Broad, Broad to the Baltimore 
 Depot ; return up Broad to Christian, Christian to Ninth, up Ninth to Spring Garden, Spring Garden 
 to Seventh, Seventh to O.xford, down Oxford to Fourth, Fourth to Norris, Norris to Memphis, Memphis 
 to York, down York to Thompson, down Thompson to the Depot. 
 
 Columbia Avemie Li?te ; red cars — orange colored lights. — Depot, Twenty-fifth and Columbia 
 avenue. From the Depot, down Columbia avenue to Franklin street, down Franklin to Race, Race to 
 Seventh, down Seventh to Market, Market to Front ; return up Market to Ninth, Ninth to Spring 
 Garden, down Spring Garden to Seventh, Seventh to Master, Master to Twenty-third, Twenty-third to 
 the Depot. 
 
 Spring Garden and Poplar Streets Line ; red cars — red lights — one horse. — Depot, Twenty- third 
 and Brown streets. From the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park, on Brown street to Twenty- 
 third, down Twenty-third to Wallace, Wallace to Twenty-second, Twenty-second to Spring Garden, 
 Spring Garden to Seventh; return up Seventh to Poplar, out Poplar to Twenty-ninth, down Twenty- 
 ninth to the Brown street entrance to Fairmount Park. 
 
 Cedar Street Line ; green cars — green lights. From York and Cedar streets, up Cedar street to 
 Somerset street, on Somerset to Richmond street ; return over the same route to York and Cedar streets. 
 McKcan Street Line; yellow cars — red light — one horse. — Depot, Seventh and McKean Streets. 
 From junction. Seventh and Christian; down Seventh to McKean, out McKean to Ninth, up Ninth 
 to Ellsworth, out Ellsworth to Twenty-third, up Twenty-third to Christian, down Christian to junction 
 on Seventh street. 
 
 FIFTH AND SIXTH STREETS.— ikr«z« Line ; yellow cars— red lights. Leai-e Depot, Ken- 
 sington avenue and Cumberland street, down Kensington avenue to Front street, down Front to Berks, 
 up Berks to Si.xth, down Sixth to Mifflin, Mifflin to Fifth; return up Fifth to Berks, down Berks to 
 Front, up Front to Kensington avenue, Kensington avenue to Depot 
 
Suppleinattary. 
 XVII.-SUPPLEMENTARY. 
 
 121 
 
 THE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 HILADELPHIA enjoys the distinction of being the birth-place of American 
 insurance, for it was in this city that the first marine, fire, and life companies 
 which were organized on this continent saw the light. The venerable cor- 
 poration whose name stands at the head of this article was not the earliest company 
 formed in Philadelphia for the purjDose of doing the business of insuring against loss by 
 fire (though it was the pioneer marine company) , but it was the first that was organized 
 as a stock company, and is, therefore, to-day, the oldest joint stock fire insurance com- 
 pany in the United States. Towards the close of the last centuiy, several gentlemen 
 of means in Philadelphia projected a company which was christened " The Universal 
 Tontine," the object of which was to raise a sum - y^^^j^ ^- - ^^^^"^ i^^ ^w^^^gfr^s^. 
 upon lives, to be applied to charitable and other 
 uses specified in the articles of agreement ; but 
 further investigation led to its abandonment, and 
 on November 3d, 1792, the subscribers thereto met 
 at the State House, to devise other means for the 
 employment of their funds, which resulted in con- 
 verting the Tontine association into a society to be 
 called the " Insurance Company of North Ameri- 
 ca," and placing the capital at|6oo,oco. On De- 
 cember 10, 1792, a meeting of the stockholders 
 was held, and fifteen directors chosen. The char- 
 ter was granted by the Pennsylvania Legislature 
 during its session of 1794, receiving the sanction of 
 the Governor, April 14, 1794. The corporation 
 was styled in this charter, " The president and 
 directors of the Insurance Company of North 
 America," a title which is preserved in its policies 
 to the present day, and this charter empowered the 
 company " to make insurance upon vessels or mer- 
 chandise at sea, or upon any goods, wares, or mer- 
 chandise or other personal property, going or gone 
 by land or water, or in dwelling houses, warehouses 
 or stores, or upon buildings against the risque rising from fire, or upon the life or lives of 
 any person or persons, and to lend money upon bottomry and respondentia, and generally 
 to transact and perform all the business relating to the objects aforesaid." The directors' 
 roll in 1794 contained the names of the following persons : Joseph Ball, John Leamy, 
 Walter Stewart, Magnus Miller, "William Mc'Murtrie, Charles Pettit, Robert Ralston, 
 Standish Ford, Thomas Moore, John Fry, Jr., John Wilcox, Arch. McCall, John 
 
 INSURAN'CE COMP Y OF NORTH AMERICA 
 BUILDING, 232 WALNUT ST. 
 

 _^ -^ ^fff 'ff 
 
 CALLOWHILL STREET BRIDGE, 
 
 OYER THE SCHUYLKILL RIYEH, AT THE FAIHMCUHT WATER WORKS 
 
 .ecio ™^.,^!;!^i!:=;:„^n,r;;i;i"i;;^ :spelil::^Se^;^ r\':'r %^t ^"'^^°-'= --^ ^"''^'^""^' --— ■ ''> -" ■^^^ °f ™- ™---- ■" •"« 
 
 J. H. LniviUe, Ksq.,an(i the superstruc ure ise^ec^ed hv h. 1 W ^J°' ' °^ "^' nt..rnational lixhibilion. The main spin of ,50 feel, was designed l.v 
 
 the largest and n.osl important bridges rite IS StaVa^f.^^^^^^ P Con>p,,ny. of which that gentlen>an ,s the President. This company haveerec.ed°on,e of 
 
 The bridge consists of one span oter Callowh" strelT 80 ?.« if '^ ^ advertisement in another place. The following is a summary of the superstructure: 
 
 colonnades on west side, 230 feet : bridee over Thinielh s,r.^ ' , , colonnades on east side. 105 feet ; main span over the Schuvlkill river, 350 feet ; ten arch 
 feet. The upper floor of the bridge fa f°erabove hill! ' '/'" ' '"7" V^" °^ P'''"' '^"^"'' 3°° ^^'^ =^P-^" "^" Pennsvlvania Railroad, 1.^0 feet ; total ..95 
 each. The lower floor is 50 feel wide accon.mod 1 L ^ rn°.H "'■'''7''>'' "1'^ '' +8,/<=" '" ^^'"''h' l>etween balustrades: the roadwav is 32 feet, and the sidewalks 8 feet 
 east, and Bridge street on the west The lower r,v'>,Kv'";v /,„,,, ^'/-"n """f,'"'^ «alks. The upper roadway accommodates travel between Spring G.trden street on the 
 Mantua branch of llie Race and Vine s. ree s ^"'seneer R lil^.,'' Callowhill street wilh Haverford street, by way of Thirtieth street. The cars of the He,:onville and 
 on the upper roa.lway, via Bridge and Spring G.mle.l streets. ' ' ''"'"■"'^' °" ">^ '""'^ l^°°'' ^y «-iy of Callowhill and H.iverford streets, and return eastward, 
 
122 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Craig, John Swanwick, Samuel Blodgett, Jr., Thomas Fitzsimmons, John Vaughan, 
 John Ross, Francis West, Peter Blight, Robert Smith, John HoUingsworth, Thomas 
 TincrfV and T^hilm \ul Im 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF THE ENGRAMNG AT THE HEAD OF THE POLIC\ USED BY THE COMPANY IN l8l2. 
 
 When the company began business it occupied a small and unpretending building 
 on Front street, near Walnut street. But, nevetheless, the humble office was the scene 
 of heavy transactions from the outset. In the year 1 797 upwards of $700,000 in maripe 
 premiums were received by the Insurance Company of North America. In 1798 
 nearly 1 1,500,00 were received. In 1850 there came a "great fire" to Philadelphia. 
 It burned three hundred dwellings, inflicting a damage of 1 1,5 00, 000, which was 
 thought to be a large loss in those days. The Insurance Company of North America 
 was a sufferer to some extent, but its loss was a bagatelle to what it had to undergo 
 in the fires of later years, in other cities. The office of the company was removed to 
 its present headquarters, No. 232 Walnut street, about this time. The losses of the com- 
 pany in the great Portland fire of 1866 were $50,000; in the Chicago fire of 1871 it 
 lost $580,000 ; and, a year later, by the great Boston calamity, its losses were nearly 
 a million dollars. But it never flinched ; its claims, on all these occasions, were fully 
 paid, and for this faithfulness to its engagements, business has poured in from every 
 quarter; lost funds have been rapidly restored, and in 1872 affiiirs were so prosperous 
 that the company raised its capital stock to 1 1,000,000. The old subscribers were al- 
 lowed to have the new stock at par — $10 per share, while it was selling on the market 
 at $25 per share. The latter quotation is still maintained. The aggregate amount of 
 the assets of the Insurance Company of North America is now $4,686,812.96, 
 (making it, next to the ^tna, of Hartford, and the Home, of New York, the largest 
 company in the United States doing a fire insurance business), and its next statement 
 will show a surplus over all liabilities, including capital, of nearly one million dollars. 
 
 The following is the Board of Directors : — Arthur G. Coffin, William Welsh, Geo- 
 L. Harrison, Francis R. Cope, Edward S. Clarke, T. Charlton Henry, Louis C. Ma- 
 deira, Charles W. Cushman, Clement A. Griscom, William Brockie, Charles Piatt, 
 Henry Winsor, William H, Trotter, Albert F. Damon, Thomas C. Price, Samuel 
 Field and Charles Wheeler. 
 
Siipplemoitmy. 
 
 123 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA SCALE AND TESTING MACHINE WORKS. 
 " When and where Scales were first made." 
 
 It is known to but very few that Philadelphia was first and foremost in this branch 
 of mechanical arts, the inventing and making of what is known as the modern platform 
 scales. In l!^22, {eight years previous to the starting of any other scale works in any 
 quarter of the country'), Thomas Ellicott, of Philadelphia, made the first platform 
 scale with graduated beam for the Lehigh Navigation Coriipany, in 1822. The great 
 number and varieties now made are modifications of those made by him. Many in- 
 genious and useful inventions have since been added to render his discovery still more 
 important. The famous Furnace Charging Scale, the long Railroad Track Scale and 
 double beams, &c., the invention of A. B. Davis, and the inventions of the present 
 proprietors of these works, the Messrs. Riehle Brothers, who also introduced their new 
 style Testing Machine, make the Philadelphia Scale and Testing Machine Works one 
 of the institutions worthy of remark in this city. 
 
 The building occupied 
 by the American Baptist 
 Publication Society, No. 
 530 Arch street, is the 
 centre 6f large and in- 
 creasing business. The 
 society was organized in 
 1824, for the diffusion of 
 religious literature. The 
 periodical issues from its 
 presses, including The 
 National Baptist, a first- S 
 class religious and family 
 newspaper and represen- 
 tative Baptistjournal, with 
 several Sunday-school 
 serials, amount in the ag- 
 gregate to nearly a million 
 copies. The building now 
 occupied is entirely inade- 
 quate for the increasing 
 work of the society, and 
 the funds are already se- 
 cured for the erection of a 
 commodious structure on 
 the south side of Chest- 
 nut, west of Broad street. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^iP^ii^ ^^ 
 
124 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Horticultural Hall, on Broad street, adjoining the Academy of Music on the 
 south, is a popular favorite with Philadelphians. While the exterior is pleasing, the 
 
 interior is fitted up with 
 due regard to all the 
 requirements of social, 
 festive and public gath- 
 erings of the nineteenth 
 century. The directors 
 of this building have 
 left no appliances un- 
 tried for the accommo- 
 dation of large public 
 meetings, lectures, con- 
 certs, balls and othet 
 social gatherings, for 
 which purposes the use 
 of Horticultural Hall 
 is in constant request 
 and its popularity is 
 always growing. 
 
 The large factory of the North American Smelting Company, Nos. 15 lo and 15 12 
 Spring Garden street, Philadelphia, is an establishment of considerable importance. 
 Here are manufactured the famous Babbit, Type and Stereotype Metals, Tinners' 
 
 HORTICULTURAL HALL. 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN SMELTING COMPANY S WORKS. NOS. I510-I2 SPRING GARDEN STREET. 
 
 and Coppersmiths' Solders, Pig Copper, Antimony, etc. This Company, without 
 doubt, transacts the largest business in its special line in the United States, extending 
 its operations not only to all our States and Territories, bnt also to Spain and the 
 British Provinces. 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 125 
 
 At No. 1308 Chestnut street, on the first floor, may be found F. A. North & Go's 
 Wholesale and Retail Music Repositoiy. Here is always on hand an immense amount 
 of Sheet Music and Musical Merchandise generally. 
 
 Among the establishments which have become household words among educated 
 Philadelphians, and are known throughout the United States, we should not forget to 
 mention the Piano Forte and Organ Emporium of E. M. Bruce & Co., occupying 
 the second, third, and fourth floors (over Messrs. North & Co.'s store,) No. 130S 
 Chestnut street. We herewith present an engraving of their warerooms, where may 
 always be found in stock the Patent Arion Pianos. These favorite instruments have 
 four new patents, which, combined, make them the best Pianos in the market. They 
 have attained and richly deserve a very extensive celebrity, and, as the best test of 
 their value, are greatly prized by all who use them. The touch and tone cannot be 
 surpassed, while the manufacturers have spared neither pains or expense in their con- 
 struction, in order to attain a degree 
 of strength and durability which are 
 too often neglected in the " build " of 
 many other houses. When purchas- 
 ing a Piano it is quite as well, as the 
 article will form a part of the furni- 
 ture of the purchaser, through a series 
 of years, to buy one that will not dis- 
 appoint in any particular, and which 
 will impart pleasure whenever used, 
 and we can therefore, not only for the 
 reasons referred to, but for others also 
 which we might give, strongly recom- 
 mend a trial of this Patent Arion 
 Piano, of which a large stock will 
 always be found on hand to select 
 from, at various prices, in the ware- 
 rooms of E. M. Bruce & Co. 
 
 But no dwelling can be pro- 
 nounced completely furnished without 
 a Cottage Organ, and Messrs. Bruce 
 & Co. have alsoa large supply of all eflce S. co s pi^no akd organ rooms 
 
 sizes of the Estey Cottage Organ, an instrument which has attained the astonishing 
 sale of one thousand monthly. This Organ has the "Vox Jubilante," "Vox Hu- 
 mana," and the « Violetta" (an entirely new stop), rendering it without an equal. It 
 is used to lead the devotions of thousands of Sabbath-schools and multitudes of pri- 
 vate families throughout the United States. All desirous of examining a really fine 
 stock should call at No. 1308 Chestnut street, where the most fastidious taste can be 
 satisfied. 
 
126 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia, 
 
 haseltine's superb collection of oil paintings and aquarelles. 
 
 The rooms oc- 
 
 cupied by CharlesF.. 
 
 Haseltine, 1125-27 
 
 Chestnut street, are 
 
 a favorite resort for 
 
 connoisseurs, the 
 
 gallery of paintings 
 
 therein contained 
 
 forming one of the 
 
 attractions of that 
 
 great thoroughfare. 
 
 ~ Mr, Haseltine has 
 
 J branch agencies at 
 
 - No.4oRue.Blanche, 
 
 ^ Paris, and Nos. 20 
 
 ^ and ^o Via Babuino, 
 
 ^Rome. From these 
 
 " and other European 
 
 c agencies at Dussel- 
 
 >-"dorf, Munich, Ber- 
 
 J lin, Vienna, Brus- 
 
 ^ sels, Antwerp, Am- 
 
 ^ sterdam,TheHague, 
 
 y Florence, Dresden, 
 
 P London and Ma- 
 
 M drid, contributions 
 
 of the ancient and 
 
 u modern masters are 
 
 i always in transit to 
 
 '-' these headquarters 
 
 in Chestnut street, 
 
 while artists from 
 
 all parts of America 
 
 consign many of 
 
 their works to this 
 
 famous gallery, 
 
 which is resorted to 
 
 on all occasions by 
 
 the intelligent and 
 
 fashionable circles. 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 127 
 
 The Order of Odd Fellows was instituted in this city about the year 1823, and the 
 need of a building in which the lodges could hold their meetings was the cause of the 
 origination of a plan to erect a 
 large central hall, at Sixth and 
 Cresson streets, about the year i S44 . 
 The cost of its erection and fur- 
 niture amounted to $90,000. 
 Seventeen Lodges united for the 
 purpose of its construction, as fol- 
 lows : — Pennsylvania No. i, 
 Washington No. 2, Wayne No. 3, 
 Morning Star No. 4, Franklin No. 
 5, General Marion No. 6, Phila- 
 delphia No. 13, Philanthropic No. 
 15, Lafayette No. 18, Amity No. 
 19, Teutonia No. 21, Adelphi No. 
 22, Friendship No. 2, 
 
 ODD FELLOW b H\LL 
 
 Robert Morris No. 29, Decatur No. 33, United States 
 No. 34, and the Hancock No. 42. The office of the Grand Secretary is in the Hall. 
 There is also a library of eight thousand volumes, two very large and six me- 
 dium sized lodge rooms, and one large encampment room. The Grand Lodge and 
 Grand Encampment, Trustees of the Hall Association, Trustees of O. F. Cemetery 
 Co., one Degree Lodge, forty-seven Subordinate 'Lodges, and twelve Encampments, 
 hold their meetings in it. The ground floor front on Sixth street is divided into four 
 stores, two on each side of the main entrance. The store at the corner of Cresson 
 street is occupied by Mrs. William Curtis, for the manufacture and sale of regalia and 
 society furnishing goods. This is the well known Curtis' Odd Fellows and Masonic 
 depot, whose fame is a household word wherever secret organizations exist. This 
 house was established in 1846, upon the completion of the hall, by William Curtis 
 (Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge,) and Daniel Norcross, under the title of Curtis 
 & Norcross. The latter gentleman becoming imbued with the gold fever, sold out his 
 interest to his partner in 1849, and, removing to San Francisco, opened a similar 
 establishment, which for many years was the only house of the kind upon the Pacific 
 Coast, and still continues to enjoy a high celebrity. Mr. Curtis continued the business 
 alone until his death in 1868. Since that time his widow has fully maintained the 
 well earned reputation achieved during the life-time of her husband. The principle 
 upon which this house conducts business commends itself to all. Adhering strictly to 
 the rule, " one price and no variation," manufacturing their own goods, which are sold 
 directly to consumers, at the smallest possible advance upon the cost of production, 
 first-class goods are furnished at prices really less than those charged by rival dealers 
 for inferior stock — a matter of astonishment to those unacquainted with this principle 
 of business, but to the intelligent business man it is plainly apparent. As they do a 
 strictly cash business, they carry no bad debts, hence their good customers do not have 
 to make up losses through bad ones. 
 
128 
 
 Hand- Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 The Carleton Mills cover a whole square from Twenty-third to Twenty-fourth 
 street, and from Hamilton to Linn, and are among the most complete for the manufac- 
 ture and finishing of textile fabrics to be found. The main mill on Hamilton street is 
 
 chiefly devoted to weav- 
 ing, the firm having in 
 all some eight hundred 
 looms. Their leading 
 product is fine worsted 
 dress goods and black 
 alpacas, but they also 
 manufacture repellents, 
 shawls, flannels, cassi- 
 meres, and various cot- 
 ton goods, being fully 
 equipped for every pro- 
 cARLETON MiLi.-i. ccss for Spinning and 
 
 weaving carded wools, worsteds and cottons, and for dyeing and finishing the raw 
 materials, yarns and piece goods. They have employment for one thousand hands, and 
 their two large Corliss engines are famous for their beauty and completeness. 
 
 SCHUYLER & ARMSTRONG, MAIN OFFICE K. OF P. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 
 This business was established in 1830, at the northeast corner of Fourth and Bea- 
 ver streeets, 1 6th Ward, by 
 Philip R. Schuyler, Sr., who, 
 at his death, in 1857, was suc- 
 ceeded by his youngest son, 
 Philip R. Schuyler, Jr., who 
 removed to 2054 North Sixth 
 street, where his only son, Da- 
 vid H. Schuyler, succeeded 
 him at his death in 1862, and 
 the present firm of Schuyler & 
 Armstrong was formed in 1871, 
 by the admission of his 
 brother-in-law, Sam'l S. Arm- 
 strong. This houje has branch 
 offices in various sections of 
 the city. The enterprise of 
 this firm is evidenced by the 
 establishment of the beautiful 
 cemetery called Greenwood, 
 located near Frankford, 23d 
 Ward, of which Mr. Schuyler is Treasurer and Special Agent. Their stock of hearses, 
 carriages, caskets, air caskets, and funeral furniture of every description is the finest 
 and largest in the city. Their office is open day and night for transacting business. 
 
 SCHUYLER & Armstrong's office. 
 
Siipplementary. 
 
 129 
 
 THE PENN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 This popular company, chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania on the 
 24th day of February, 1847, was authorized to transact the business of Life Insurance 
 on the MUTUAL plan; began operations on May 25th, 1847, and we may add, the" Penn" 
 is the only entirely Mutual Company chartered by the State of Pennsylvania. 
 Among the prominent features 
 of this company we may state 
 that the officers are required 
 to make annual statements of 
 its affairs ; and after paying all 
 losses and expenses, and pro- 
 viding the risks, to divide the 
 surplus equitably among the 
 insured, applying the share of 
 each to the reduction of the 
 next annual premium, thus 
 securing to every policy holder 
 the amplest benefits of Life 
 insurance. The company has 
 issued over 16,500 Life and 
 Endowment policies, insuring 
 $42,000,000; and after paying 
 losses of $3,000,000, and re- 
 turning surplus amdunting to 
 §2,500,000, has accumulated a 
 Reserve Fund of §5,000,000 
 for the protection of its policy 
 holders. All of its policies 
 are non-forfeitable for their 
 value after the third annual 
 payment. Particular attention 
 is called to the Life-Rate Non- 
 forfeitable Endowment Policy 
 which, while giving protection 
 
 to the family of the assured in ,,,^ ,,„,„^^ ^„^,^,^.^ 
 
 case of his early death, also provides, at moderate rates of premium, a fund for future 
 support should he reach old age. The building in which the business of the company 
 IS transacted, and of which we here present a cut, is situated at No. 921 Chestnut 
 street, Philadelphia. The officers aie :-Samuel C. Huey, President; Samuel E. 
 Stokes, First Vice-President; H. S. Stephens, Second Vice-President; James Weix 
 Mason, Actuary; Henry Austie, Secretary, 
 
130 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA CANCER INSTITUTE. 
 
 Cancer can be cured by Prof. H. T. Bond, of the Penna. Medical and Surgical 
 
 Institute, 3208 
 Chestnut street. 
 Dr. Bond can 
 be consulted 
 daily on all Can- 
 cerous, Scrofu- 
 lous affections, 
 and diseases of 
 the Skin and 
 Blood. Medi- 
 cines sent to any 
 partoftheworld. 
 Dr. Bond's Med- 
 ical Institute is 
 the finest in the 
 country, and of- 
 fers advantages 
 superior to any 
 other in the 
 United States. 
 Dr.Bond'smode 
 of treatment for 
 Cancer and 
 Scrofula is a 
 positive specific 
 for these mala- 
 dies; a positive 
 cure for Cancer 
 in even its most 
 apparently hope- 
 less form, and 
 was discovered 
 by Prof. Bond 
 after years of ex- 
 perience in the 
 public clinics of 
 Phila., and ex- 
 tensive traveling 
 in the principal 
 cities of Ameri- 
 
 PENNA. CANCER INSTITUTE, MARBLE TERRACE. 
 
 ca ; gaining all possible information concerning the treatment of this dreadful disease. 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 131 
 
 John Lucas & Co., whose office and storehouses are situated at Nos. 141 and 143 
 North Fourth street, 
 Phila., are the pro- 
 prietors of one of the 
 most extensive Color 
 and Paint manufactur- 
 ing establishments in 
 the United States. We 
 present a view of their 
 factories atGibbsboro, 
 N. J., a few miles from 
 Phila. In labor-saving 
 machinery and appli- 
 ances for producing 
 the articles pertaining 
 to thisbranch of manu- 
 factures at the lowest 
 possible cost, their 
 factories are said to be 
 the most complete of 
 of any in this country. 
 Both steam and water 
 power are used, the 
 latter being obtained 
 from a beautiful lake 
 situated on their prop- 
 erty ; the great purity 
 of this water affords 
 an additional advan- 
 tage in the manufac- 
 ture of fine colors. 
 The brilliant and du- 
 rable Swiss and Impe- 
 rial French Greens, 
 which have become 
 so well-known in this 
 and other countries, 
 are pro-Juced only at 
 Gibbsboro, and are 
 the most prominent 
 specialty of this house. 
 They also manufac- 
 ture largely White 
 Leads, Zincs, Colors, 
 high-grade Varnishes 
 and Di-yers, and are 
 
 agents for French, English and American Plate and Window Glass. 
 
132 Hand-Book of PhiladelpJiia. 
 
 South of Chestnut, on the east side of Fourth, occupying Nos. 115, 117, 119, 121 
 and 123 South Fourth street, the Forrest Building, one wing of which is here repre- 
 sented, forms a conspic- 
 
 uous and attractive 
 feature. Erected in 
 the most substantial 
 manner, the front of 
 Pictou stone, divided 
 into four stories and 
 basement, it occupies a 
 frontage of fifty-five 
 feet and a depth of 
 eighty-six feet. This 
 magnificent property 
 was erected in 1867-68, 
 and is held by trustees, 
 the entire net income 
 being devoted to edu- 
 cational purposes. It is 
 fitted up with every 
 means and appliance of 
 modem invention for 
 comfort and conveni- 
 ence. The offices, forty- 
 two in number, are all uf 
 them well lighted and 
 heated, and are in de- 
 mand by professional 
 and business men, ow- 
 ing to the central loca- 
 tion of the building. 
 The entire second story 
 of the right wing of 
 ■i HE FoRKtsT BUILDING. j-jjjg structure is occu- 
 
 pied by Messrs. Howson & Son, whose Patent and Patent Law Offices here, and in 
 Washington, are well-known to inventors and manufacturers throughout the country. 
 Five adjoining and capacious well appointed offices are occupied by this firm for their 
 staff of clerks and draftsmen. Mr. H. Howson, a civil and mechanical engineer, who 
 established this house in 1853, is the senior partner, and Mr. Charles Howson, Counsel 
 in Patent cases, has charge of the Law department. The branch office in Washington 
 is situated in Seventh street, directly opposite the U. S. Patent Office. In the extensive 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 133 
 
 and popular establishment of Messrs. Howson & Son are combined all Ihe facililies 
 for procuring United States and Foreign Patents, for defending Patents before the United 
 States Courts and for the prosecution of all other Patent Law business. 
 
 The accompanying cut presents an interior view of a portion of Messrs. Howson & 
 Son's Establishment. The firm have availed themselves of the opportunity which the 
 plan of the building offered, to arrange a series of apartments, which for the purpose 
 of their business, could not be excelled. 
 
 Besides the facilities which they have here provided for the prompt attendance to 
 the great quantity of business entrusted to them, they possess in their Washington 
 Branch Office, with which they are in constant communication, an advantage which 
 experienced Inventors, who understand the importance of ready access to the Patent 
 Office and its Records, will fully appreciate. 
 
 THE WORKINGMEN's COFFEE HOUSES 
 
 Of Philadelphia were originated by Joshua L. Baily, Esq., a merchant of this city. 
 The Central Coffee House is at the northeast corner of Fifteenth and Market streets, 
 and the Model Coffee House at No. 31 S. Fourth street. " The object of these coffee 
 houses," as Mr Baily says, " is to accommodate what seems to be an imperious demand 
 for stimulants — a demand we cannot hope to eradicate, but which we may control and 
 direct by supplying a substitute for alcoholic drinks." To give this purpose greater 
 efficiency, the coffee houses have been neatly fitted up, and made both comfortable and 
 attractive. From various sources there is ample evidence that the aim in the establish- 
 ment of the coffee houses has been answered in restraining intemperance, and that 
 marked and encouraging results have been reached, exceeding anything supposed at 
 the outset as possible. The numberof persons who take coffee at the Central is be- 
 tween 700 and Soo daily, and at the Model 1 200 — a daily aggregate of nearly 2000. 
 
134 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 A MAMMOTH STATIONERY AND BLANK BOOK-HOUSE; 
 
Supple^nentary. 135 
 
 It is rather characteristic, we believe, of Philadelphia business men not to blow their 
 own trumpets. We have in Philadelphia a large number of manufacturing industries, 
 and some of them exceed in extent those of any city in the Uuion. We were not aware 
 until recently that the Blank-Book Manufacturing and Stationery business of William 
 Mann, which he started in 1849, had reached such immense proportions. It now occu- 
 pies probably the largest building devoted to this one purpose m the United States, and 
 is, undoubtedly, the most complete. 
 
 It was purchased by Mr. Mann for $125,000; is 24 feet front and 200 feet deep, 
 five stories high, and runs through to Commerce street. The clear value of the build- 
 ing and machinery is over 11225,000. At this establishment 
 
 RAILROAD COMPANIES, 
 MERCHANTS, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS, 
 
 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MEN, 
 Are promptly supplied with all they use, viz : 
 BLANK-BOOKS, 
 
 PRINTING, 
 
 LITHOGRAPHING, 
 
 AND 
 
 STATIONERY OF EVERY VARIETY, 
 At fair and reasonable prices. 
 
 The business has been conducted from small beginnings, as a Strictly One-Price 
 Store, from which there is no departure. A firm in New Orleans can have orders 
 filled as cheaply by mail as in person. The residents of the city and visitors to it are 
 invited to call and they will receive a hearty welcome whether they desire to purchase 
 or not. 
 
 Call upon or address, 
 
 WILLIAM MANN, 
 
 No. 529 Market street, 
 
 PHIIADELPHIA. 
 
[136J 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 137 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA NATATORIUM AND PHYSICAL INSTITUTE, 
 
 On Broad street below Walnut, is a favorite resort for young Philadelphians, of both 
 sexes. It contains a swimming basin 30 by loo feet, and a gymnasium. It contains 
 every means and appliance for the development of the human frame, and every oppor. 
 tunity is afforded for the acquisition of the art of swimming. 
 
 The Wills' Hospital, for the relief of the indigent blind and lame, was opened for 
 the reception of patients March 3d, 1834, in pursuance of the last will and testament of 
 James Wills, who left about $122,548 for the purpose. Besides this amount, 
 1 1 8,400 78 has since been contributed by other benevolent citizens. By prudent 
 
138 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 management, however, and the sale of portions of the Hospital grounds, the funds now 
 amount to ^225,100. There are at present only forty beds, and these are utterly in- 
 adequate to meet the demand, but no more can be put in the Hospital, owing to the 
 want of room, while one hundred could be filled were there room and means to support 
 them. 51,440 patients have received the benefits of this charity since 1S34. The in- 
 stitution is under the management of the Board of City Trusts. 
 
 r 
 
 WiUl 
 
 \\\\\\UI 
 
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 1 wwr 
 
 \\\1JI 
 
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 1 //; 
 
 w 
 
 i|J/i 
 
 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY — INTERIOR VIEW. 
 
 The Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia, a reference to which is made on 
 page 47 of this work, occupy a building on Tenth street, above Chestnut, the interior 
 being 300 by 80 feet; the length of the main library room is 187 feet. The number 
 of volumes in the library is now about 1 15,000; There are 503 periodical publications, 
 including quarterlies, monthlies, daily and other papers regularly filed in this institution. 
 The total number of visitors to the library during the year 1874 was 501,621. The 
 Newspaper, Reading and Chess Rooms are very attractive, well-furnished, and pre- 
 eminent in their appliances for convenience and comfort. We present views of the ex- 
 terior and interior, giving the reader a correct idea of this truly worthy institution. The 
 membership at present includes about twelve thousand persons. The management of 
 the Company has become deservedly popular, and the institution is a decided feature 
 in Philadelphia life, in which citizens of every social station may take a genuine 
 pride. 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 
 
 The Gethsemane Baptist Church, located on the northwest corner of Eighteenth 
 street and Columbia avenue, 
 is in the Norman style of 
 architecture, and is con- 
 structed of Trenton brown- 
 stone, with trimminrs of 
 Natrona stone. On the first 
 floor are the general Bible 
 school room, the infant 
 school room, the church 
 parlor and library. These 
 can all be thrown into one 
 by moving partitions, and 
 have a seating capacity of 
 seven hundred. The 
 second floor contains the 
 main audience room, the 
 pastor's study, a chorister's 
 room, and the two robing 
 rooms. The audience 
 room has one thousand sit- 
 tings, and is handsomely 
 furnished. The w o o d- 
 
 work is solid walnut : the _ ,,„ .i—,, ,. -. - ^ , 
 
 walls are richly frescoed ; gethsemane baptist church. 
 
140 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 the windows are ornamented with stained glass. The choir gallery, in the rear of the 
 
 pulpit, is unusually large, and 
 adapted to the purpose of a 
 chorus choir. The organ forms 
 a beautiful background. This is 
 ^y= the largest and most expensive 
 building for religious purposes 
 north of Spring Garden and west 
 of Broad street. 
 
 The Mantua Baptist Church, 
 at the corner of Silveth and 
 Fortieth streets, has recently been 
 erected at a cost of $45,000. It 
 occupies a lot 53 by 90 feet, in 
 ^ a neighborhood which is rapidly 
 ^^P growing in population and im- 
 portance, within live squares 
 of the grounds occnpied by tne 
 
 MANTUA BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 Centennial International Exhibition. Kev. J. G. Walker is the pastor. 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA ASYLUM FOR THE BLIND 
 
 Is situated at the corner of Twentieth and Race streets. The semi-weekly concerts, in 
 
Supplementary. 
 
 141 
 
 ■which none but blind persons take part, are very attractive occasions for visitors. A 
 description of the institution will be found on page 69. 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK AND PUBLISHING HOUSE, IOI8 AND I020 ARCH ST. 
 This fine building, recently enlarged and beautified, is the property of the <-^ Phila- 
 delphia Conference Tract Society of the M. E. Church;'' and is under the direction of a 
 
 Board of Managers, aided by Rev. J. B. 
 
 McCullough, the Corresponding Secretary 
 of the Society. The Society was organized 
 in March, 1 853, and commenced business, 
 in a small way, at No. 119 N. Sixth Street. 
 Here it remained until the Spring of 1866, 
 when it removed to 1018 Arch street, and 
 entered upon a more successful career, under 
 the agency of Rev. S. W. Thomas. In 
 1873, the Society purchased the adjoining 
 lot, No. 1020, and in 1874 the entire block, 
 50 by 150 feet, was built up. The edifice 
 now embraces two stores on the main floor, 
 a large printing department in the basement 
 and in the rear, a commodious hall for 
 general church purposes, and a number of 
 rooms well adapted to use as offices. The 
 business of the house is principally the pub- 
 lication and sale of books and tracts de- 
 signed for use in Methodist Churches and 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK ROOMS. Sunday-schools ; but it is now entering 
 
 more largely into the general trade in moral and religious books adapted to all de- 
 nominations. The profits of the Concern, as soon as the improvements are paid for, 
 will be used in the benevolent work of the Church. The house is worthy of the patron- 
 age of all who wish good books, and especially of such as desire to do good^ as well 
 as gratify themselves. 
 
 A LARGE PAPER WAREHOUSE. 
 One of the well-known and noteworthy features among the commercial circles of 
 Philadelphia is the large and flourishing paper warehouse of J. G. Ditman & Co., Nos. 
 506 and 508 Minor street. Almost anything in the various lines of paper needed by 
 every class of business, may here be found. Printers can be supplied by the single or 
 by the thousand reams of paper, at very short notice, while storekeepers and stationers 
 find all their wants in every variety satisfied in the most rapid and obliging manner, at 
 prices which cannot but please all purchasers. 
 
142 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 LIST OF PRINCIPAL BUSINESS HOUSES. 
 
 (Agents, ^Ment. 
 
 Connolly Brothers, No. 424 Walnut street. 
 Howson & Son, No. 119 South Fourth street. 
 WIEDEESHEIM, JOHN £., No. no S. Fourth St. 
 
 (Attificial geeth. 
 
 WHITE, SAMUEL S., Cor. Twelfth and Chestnut. 
 
 (Agents, (Insurance. 
 
 MATHER & CO., No. 308 Walnut street. 
 HoUinshead & Buckman, No. 404 Walnut street. 
 
 (Axle (Manufacturers. 
 
 Pennsylvania Axle Works, Advena & Heald, N.E. 
 Cor. Fifteenth street and Fairmount avenue. 
 
 (Bankers and §rokers. 
 
 PETERSON, P. S. & CO., No. 39 South Third street. 
 DeHaven & Bro., No. 40 South Third street. 
 Drexel & Co., No. 34 South Third street. 
 Gilbough, J. W., No. 114 South Third street. 
 Se.xton, John W., No. 112 South Third street. 
 
 (Brush (Manufacturers. 
 
 Brintzinghoffer, Charles, No. 935 Market street. 
 
 (Boiler ^Manufacturers. 
 
 Weicke, Edward, 1026 to 1036 New Market street. 
 
 (Bags, (Rope and ^wine. 
 
 Bailey, John T. & Co., No. 120 Chestnut street. 
 
 §ooksellers. 
 
 American Sunday School Union, 1122 Chestnut st. 
 Baird, Henry C, No. 406 Walnut street. 
 Harding, W. W., No. 630 Chestnut street. 
 
 (gotten (& ^oolen (Goods (Manufacturers. 
 
 Garrett, Philip C. & Co., 23d and Hamilton streets. 
 
 Wood, William & Co., Hamilton street from 21st 
 to 22d, and cor. 24th and Hamilton, office and 
 showrooms, 22d street below Spring Garden. 
 
 (^hemists, (Manufacturing. 
 
 POWERS & WEIGHTMAN, S. W. Cor. Ninth and 
 
 Parrish streets. 
 HANCE BEOS. & WHITE. Marshall and Callowhill. 
 
 (Chemists, (pharmaceutical. 
 
 HANCB BEOS. & WHITE, Marshall and Callowhill. 
 
 (Shurch §oods. 
 
 OESTEELE, H. A., No. 848 North Sixth street. 
 
 (Collecting Agents. 
 
 UEe'cHANTS' ASSOCIATION, incorporated, 131 S. 
 Fourth street. 
 
 dOlocks, <§rench and American. 
 
 Cooke, B. J., No. 137 North Third street. 
 
 <^oal §ealers. 
 
 BEANSON, ELLIS, Cor. Eighth and Willow streets. 
 EUTCHINS, H. E., No. 1452 North Ninth street. 
 
 (Commission i§ry (§oods. 
 
 Johnston & McCandless, No. 611 Chestnut street. 
 
 Confectioners' ^,,ools. 
 
 Andress, Thos. J. & Co., 229 and 231 Vine street. 
 
 (§uriosities. 
 
 Kline, John W., No. 212 South Eighth street. 
 
 ^ivil (Engineers ^ (purveyors. 
 
 Sadler & Urch, No. 518 Walnut street. 
 
 (Card ^riter and (printer. 
 
 Duffy, John, Continental Hotel. 
 
 (§onfectionery. 
 
 Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, 12th and Market sts. 
 W. H. Moore, No. 1336 North Tenth street. 
 
 §jntal Materials. 
 
 WHITE, SAMUEL S., Cor. Twelfth and Chestnut. 
 
 fining iSaloon. 
 
 JOHN J. SLIFEE, No. 532 Arch street. 
 
 druggists, Wholesale. 
 
 Hurst, John C, No. 925 Market street. 
 Wilson, Wm. M. & Co., No. 206 Market street 
 WILTBEE&EE, D. S., No. 233 North Second street. 
 
 (§rug (Broker and importer. 
 
 ^Vood, James B., N. E. Cor. Front and Chestnut. 
 
 (f//f (Manufacturers. 
 
 Krumbhaar, Alexander, 1601 Spring Garden street. 
 
 (F,orges, (portable ^ Stationery. 
 
 Keystone Portable Forge Co., 120 Exchange Place. 
 
 §rench §late §lass. 
 
 Shoemaker, Benj. H., 205 to 211 N. Fourth street. 
 
 (Fdne (Arts. 
 
 Haseltine, Chas. E., 1125 and 1127 Chestnut street. 
 
 i^lass ^tainers. 
 
 Gibson, J. & G. H., 123 and 125 S. Eleventh street. 
 
 §rocers, Wholesale. 
 
 Kellogg, Henry C. & Co.. cor. Water and Chestnut. 
 
 (§as (Machines. 
 
 THe"eE7ST0NB SAFETY GAS MACHINE COMPANY. 
 No. 717 Saiisom street. 
 
 grindstones. 
 
 MITCHELL, J. E., No. 310 York Avenue. 
 
 (Hair (Bresring (Emporium. 
 
 Mrs. M. Mayer, No. 1328 North Tenth street. 
 
 (^eaters and §anges. 
 
 A. W. EAND, No. 124 North Sisth street. 
 
List of Business Houses. 
 
 143 
 
 (Homaopathic <§^armacy. 
 
 Lafel, A. J., No. 125 South Eleventh street 
 
 (Hosiery, >Notions ^ iWAfie (Goods. 
 
 Mellor, Bains & Mellor, 441 and 443 Market street. 
 
 insurance (§ompanies, ^iie ^ Marine. 
 
 EELAWAKE MUTUAL SAFETY INSITEANCE COM- 
 PANY, S. E. Cor. Third and Walnut streets. 
 
 (Insurance (Companies, §ire. 
 
 Insurance Co. of North America, No. 232 Walnut. 
 SABINE h ALLEN, No. 224 Walnut street. 
 Sun Fire Insurance Co., No. 434 Walnut street. 
 
 ^aw and (Collection Agencies. 
 
 Hardcastle and Co., No. 6ig Walnut street. 
 
 lithographer. 
 
 Weise, A. L., No. 45 South Fourth street. 
 
 feather §elting. 
 
 Forepaugh, Wm. F., Jr. & Bros, Cor. Jefferson and 
 Randolph streets. 
 
 Machinists' ^ools. 
 
 BEMENT, WILLIAM B. & SON, Twenty-first and 
 Callowhill streets. 
 
 (Maps, (Atlases, ^c. 
 
 J. L. SMITH, No. South Si-xth street. 
 
 petals. 
 
 North American Smalting Co., Nos. isioand 1512 
 Spring Garden street. 
 
 Machinists. 
 
 LODGE, JACOB & SON, No. 103 Hudson Street. 
 
 (Merchandise §roker. 
 
 Eastwood, C. W. & Co., N. E. Cor. Front and 
 Chestnut street. 
 
 (Morocco (Manufacturers. 
 
 Kindsvater, G., S.W. cor. Oxford & Randolph sts. 
 
 Military §oods. 
 
 Horstmann, Brother & Co., Cor. Fifth and Cherry. 
 Migeod, J. M. & Son, No. 510 Race street. 
 
 Rotary (public ^ (Commissioner. 
 
 PEEOT, JOSEPH S., Secretary and Treasurer of 
 Merchants' Association, No. 131 S. Fourth st. 
 
 (§,il (Manufacturers. 
 
 STEVENSON. BEO, & CO., No. 132 S. Second street. 
 
 (patent (Agents. 
 
 WIEDEESHEIM, JOHN A., No. no S. Fourth st. 
 
 (paraffin Was: Manufacturer. 
 
 STEVENSON, BEO. & CO., No. 132 S. Seconr' street. 
 
 ^hoto-^ithographer. 
 
 Burge, E. M. No. 430 Chestnut street. 
 
 (Pjanos. 
 
 Bruce, E. M & Co., No. 1308 Chestnut street. 
 
 (printers. 
 
 Grant, Faircs & Rodgers, 52 and 54 N. Sixth street. 
 SYOEELMOOEE, WILLIAM, No. 506 Minor street. 
 0. K. & W. D. HAMMITT, No. 119 S. Fourth st. 
 
 (PAper (Manufacturers. 
 
 MAGASSE, CHAS. & CO., No. 32 South Sixth street. 
 
 T. SEYMOUR SCOTT & BBO., No. 15 North Sixth st, 
 also sole agents for the " Pioneer " Patent 
 Building and Carpet Paper, and M'^dicated 
 Boudoir Paper. 
 
 (faints. 
 
 Pecora Paint Co., No, 150 North Fifth street. 
 
 lEegalias. 
 
 Curtis, Mrs. Wm., No. 146 North Sixth street. 
 
 (Regalia Manufacturers. 
 
 OESTEELE, H. A., No. 848 North Sixth street. 
 
 ^^chools. 
 
 POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OP THE STATE OP P3N1TA, 
 
 Nos. 1716 & 1718 Market Street. 
 Hallowell Hiafh School, Geo. Eastburn, Principal, 
 
 No. 112 North Ninth street. 
 Shoemaker, J. W., No. 141 S Chestnut street. 
 
 rSpice M^lls. 
 
 WOEEELL, HOWAED, "Eagle Spice Works," 244 to 
 248 North Front street. 
 
 (§eal (Engravers. 
 
 Baumgarten, J., N. W. Cor. Fourth and Chestnut. 
 
 (Seeds. 
 
 Dreer, Henry A., No. 714 Chestnut street. 
 
 (^hipping d^ommission (Merchants. 
 
 Wright, Peter & Sons, No. 307 Walnut street. 
 
 (Silverplaters. 
 
 Burwell, Wm. & Brother, No. 236 Arch street. 
 
 (Scales, (Manufacturers of. 
 
 Riehle Bros., Cor. Ninth and Melon streets, 
 
 (Stereotypers and ^lectrotypers. 
 
 Fagan, J. & Son, Nos. 621 and 623 Commerce st, 
 
 , ^ea §ealer. 
 
 Frank N. Guider, No. gio Girard avenue. 
 
 ^russ (Makers. 
 
 Everett, B. C. , No. 14 North Ninth Street 
 
 (Undertakers. 
 
 Schuyler & Armstrong, 2054 North Sixth street 
 
 ^ats and ^anks. 
 
 Burkhardt, George J. & Co., 1341 Button wood st 
 
 Victor §a3 (Miciiiii?, 
 
 A. W. EAND, No. 154 North Sisth street. 
 
 ^indow (Shade (Manufacturer. 
 
 Kraupa, George, No 2231 N. Second Stfeet, 
 
144 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Academy of Fine Arts 19 
 
 Academy of Music 14 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences 15-69 
 
 Advantages of Philadelphia 5 
 
 Aggregate of Manufacturing Products... 78 
 
 Alexander Presbyterian Church 73 
 
 American Hotel 3° 
 
 American Line of Steamers 96 
 
 American Philosophical Society 28 
 
 American Theatre 67 
 
 American Sunday-school Union 36 
 
 Amount of water consumed by city 104 
 
 Apprentices' Library Company 67 
 
 Appearance of the streets 5 
 
 Arch Street Theatre 67 
 
 ArchStreet M. E. Church 18 
 
 Area of the city 4 
 
 Art Gallery -I15 
 
 Asylum for the Blind 69-140 
 
 Athenasum Building 50 
 
 Baldwin's Locomotives 20 
 
 Bank of Commerce 34 
 
 Baptist Home 77 j 
 
 Barbadoes Lot 34 
 
 Battle of Kegs 28 
 
 Bear Pits 112 
 
 Beer Breweries 77 
 
 Below the "Dam '' 104 
 
 Bennett's Tower Hall 8 
 
 Berean Baptist Church 87 
 
 Bethany Mission 63 
 
 Beth Eden Church 15 
 
 Blockley Almshouse 85 
 
 Board of Trade 47 
 
 Board of Public Education 51 
 
 Boardman Chapel n 
 
 Boat Houses m 
 
 Book Collections 29 
 
 Borromeo Seminary 90 
 
 Boys' High School 21 
 
 Bruce & Co's Organ Rooms 125 
 
 Burd Orphan Asylum 9° 
 
 Carpenters' Hall 33 
 
 Cathedral, Logan Square 68 
 
 Cedar Hill Cemetery 91 
 
 Centennial Rooms 49 
 
 Centre Square Waterworks 103 
 
 Central Congregational Church 72 
 
 Chambers' Church 15 
 
 Cherry Hill 73 
 
 Chestnut Street 24 
 
 Chestnut Street Theatre 37 
 
 Chestnut Street Bridge 80 
 
 Chestnut Hill 93-110 
 
 Christ Church 41 
 
 Christ Church Hospital 88 
 
 Christ Church Burial Ground 60 
 
 Church of the Assumption 72 
 
 Church of Epiphany 40 
 
 Page. 
 
 Church of the Messiah 11 
 
 City of Homes 5 
 
 Clyde's Line 95 
 
 Colonnade Hotel 39 
 
 Collegiate and Scientific Departments, ., 
 
 University of Pa 81 
 
 College of Pharmacy 48 
 
 College of Physicians 55 
 
 Commercial Exchange 43 
 
 Common Pleas 28 
 
 Continental Hotel 35 
 
 Concert Hall 37 
 
 Consolidation 4 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Asylum 13 
 
 Delaware Front 93 
 
 Description of Art Gallery 115 
 
 Dundas' Mansion 50 
 
 Early Supply of Water 102 
 
 East Park Reservoir 104 
 
 Eastern Market 46 
 
 Eastern Penitentiary 73 
 
 East Terrace, Lemon Hill loi 
 
 Educational Home 85 
 
 Egglesfield ,101 
 
 Ericsson Line 95 
 
 Evening Telegraph 45 
 
 Extent of the Park 102 
 
 Extent of League Island , 97 
 
 Fairmount Bridge 80-121 
 
 Fairmount Park 100 
 
 Fairmount Park Art Gallery 105 
 
 Falls Bridge m 
 
 Fidehty Bank 32 
 
 Fifth Baptist Church 72 
 
 Fifth Presbyterian Church 67 
 
 First Baptist Church, West Phila 86 
 
 First Presbyterian Church 50 
 
 First Unitarian Church 56 
 
 First Baptist Church 19 
 
 First National Bank 32 
 
 First Troop Cavalry 10 
 
 First Building Erected 3 
 
 First Reformed Church 71 
 
 Flagstaff, Logan Square 67 
 
 Fletcher M. E. Church 89 
 
 Forrest's Residence 21 
 
 Fort Mifflin 98 
 
 Foster Home 76 
 
 Fountain, Franklin Square 70 
 
 Fountain, Rittenhouse Square 62 
 
 Frankford 9^ 
 
 Franklin Institute 46 
 
 Franklin's Grave 66 
 
 Franklin Square 68 
 
 Friends' Meeting House 65 
 
 Front Street 41 
 
 Gas Works 99 
 
 George's Hill 112 
 
Index. 
 
 145 
 
 Page 
 
 German Hospital 76 
 
 Germantown 91 
 
 Gethsemane Baptist Church 139 
 
 Girard Avenue 74 
 
 Glrard Avenue Bridge 109 
 
 Girard Bank 4). 
 
 Girard Building 30 
 
 Girard College 75 
 
 Girard House 35 
 
 Girls' Normal School 72 
 
 Glenwood Cemetery 78 
 
 Gloria Dei Church 59 
 
 Grace M. E. Church 22 
 
 Grain El e valor 96-99 
 
 Gray's Ferry Road 63 
 
 Green Hill Church 76 
 
 Green Street Entrance to Park 105 
 
 Guarantee Trust Company 32 
 
 Holy Trinity Church 61 
 
 Home for Colored Children 86 
 
 Homoeopathic College 48 
 
 Horticultural Hall 47-124 
 
 Hospital for Insane 87 
 
 Hospital, University of Pa 83 
 
 House of Refuge 76 
 
 Howson's Patent Offices 132-133 
 
 Independence Hall 25 
 
 Independence Square 27 
 
 Insurance Co. of North America 121 
 
 Iron-clads 93 
 
 Jayne's Building 33 
 
 Jefferson College 47 
 
 Jenks' Factory 90 
 
 Jewish Hospital 91 
 
 Jewish Synagogue 21 
 
 Laetitea Penn 2 
 
 Landing of Penn i 
 
 Lansdowne Drive iii 
 
 La Pierre Hotel 16 
 
 Law Library 50 
 
 Laurel Hill 107 
 
 Lazaretto 98 
 
 League Island 97 
 
 Ledger Building 34 
 
 Lincoln's Monument .105 
 
 Logan Mansion 92 
 
 Logan Square 67 
 
 London Coffee House 7 
 
 Looking from Strawberry Mansion 106 
 
 Lucas' Lead Works 131 
 
 Lutheran Orphans' Home 92 
 
 Machinery Hall 116 
 
 Manayimk 93 
 
 Mann's Stationery Store 134-135 
 
 Mantua Baptist Church 140 
 
 Manufactories 78 
 
 Market House 7 
 
 Market Street Ferry 95 
 
 Masonic Temple 18 
 
 ! Page. 
 
 I Medical Department, University of Pa... 82 
 
 ' Mercantile Library 47-138 
 
 Merchants' Bank 43 
 
 Merchants' Exchange 43 
 
 Messiah Universalist Church 56 
 
 Methodist Book Rooms 141 
 
 Mill Creek Sewer 87 
 
 Monstrous Pines, West Park 102 
 
 Monument Cemetery 23 
 
 Morgue, The 94 
 
 Mud Island 98 
 
 Municipal Hospital 78 
 
 Musical Fund Hall 56 
 
 National Museum 25 
 
 Naval Asylum 63 
 
 Naval Infant School 98 
 
 Navy Yard 97 
 
 New City Hall 6 
 
 New House of Correction 91 
 
 New Ironsides 94 
 
 New Post Office ' 35 
 
 New York Mutual Life Insurance Co 36 
 
 Northern Saving Fund 71 
 
 North American and U. S. Gazette 45 
 
 Odd Fellows' Cemetery 78 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall 127 
 
 Oldest Methodist Church 70 
 
 Old Man's Home 88 
 
 Old Pine Church 58 
 
 Old University Buildings 84 
 
 Orphan's Society 88 
 
 Orthodox Friends 65 
 
 Oyster Boats 96 
 
 Park Bridges no 
 
 Penn's First Residence 2 
 
 Penn Mutual Life 129 
 
 Penn Square Presbyterian Church 16 
 
 Pennsylvania Historical Society 54 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital 54 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company 57 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Depot 87 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Grain Elevator... 96 
 
 Penrose Ferry 79 
 
 Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Co 57 
 
 Philadelphia City Cavalry la 
 
 Philadelphia County Prison 59 
 
 Philadelphia Library 29 
 
 Philadelphia Natatorium 136 
 
 Philadelphia Press Club 30 
 
 Philadelphia Saving Fund 53 
 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
 more Depot II 
 
 Point Breeze Gas Works 99 
 
 Point Breeze Park 63 
 
 Population of the City 5 
 
 Port Richmond 94 
 
 Post Office 31 
 
 Potters' Field 78 
 
 Powers & Weightman 73 
 
 Presbyterian Board 38 
 
146 
 
 Hand-Book of Philadelphia. 
 
 Presbyterian Home 85 
 
 Presbyterian Hospital 88 
 
 Preston Retreat 72 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Academy 56 
 
 Public Buildings, The New 6 
 
 Public Ledger 34 
 
 Public Record.. 45 
 
 Quarantine 9^ 
 
 Red Star Line 96 
 
 Ridgway Library 12 
 
 Rittenhouse Square 62 
 
 Rockland Steamboat Landing 106 
 
 Roman Catholic Cathedral 68 
 
 Salem Congregation 73 
 
 Schenck's Building 64 
 
 Schomacker Piano Company 60 
 
 Schuvlkill Arsenal 63 
 
 Schuylkill Front 99 
 
 Schuylkill river from Columbia Bridge... no 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church 61 
 
 Second Reformed Church 73 
 
 Second Street 41 
 
 Sketch Club 49 
 
 Smith's Island 96 
 
 '■ SoUtude" 112 
 
 South Street Bridge 79 
 
 Spring Garden M. E. Church 72 
 
 Spring Garden Presbyterian Church 71 
 
 St. Andrew's Church 56 
 
 Stale House 24 
 
 St£.tu5 of Franklin 29 
 
 St. Augustine's Church 71 
 
 St. Charles' Borromeo Seminary 90 
 
 St. Clement's Church 69 
 
 St. James' Church 61 
 
 St. "John's Catholic Church 48 
 
 St. John's Lutheran Church.. 18-70 
 
 St. John's Orphan Asylum 88 
 
 St. Joseph's Church 58 
 
 St. Joseph's Hospital 76 
 
 St. Mark's Church 62 
 
 St. Mark's Lutheran Church 70 
 
 St. Mary's Church 58 
 
 St. Paul's Church 45 
 
 St. Peter's Catholic Church 74 
 
 Page. 
 
 St. Peter's Episcopal Church.... 46 
 
 St. Stephen's Church 46 
 
 St. Thomas' Church 57 
 
 St. Vincent de Paul Seminary 92 
 
 Strawberry Mansion 106 
 
 Suburban Philadelphia 90 
 
 Sunday Dispatch 45 
 
 Sunday Mercury 45 
 
 Swedenborgian Church 23 
 
 Swede's Church 59 
 
 Tabernacle Baptist Church 40 
 
 Tenth Presbyterian Church 50 
 
 Third Street 43 
 
 Thomson's Residence , 62 
 
 Tinicum Island 98 
 
 Town Hall, Germantown 92 
 
 Treaty Monument 4 
 
 Union League Club 18 
 
 Union Methodist Church 65 
 
 University of Pennsylvania 80-85 
 
 U. S. Appraisers' Storehouse 47 
 
 U. S. Custom House 31 
 
 U. S. Mint 37 
 
 U. S. Signal Service 42 
 
 View from Belmont 103 
 
 Wagner Institute jj 
 
 Wanamaker & Brown 9 
 
 Walnut Street Theatre 50 
 
 Washington's Statue 30 
 
 Washington Square 50 
 
 Water Street 41 
 
 Water Supply 102-104 
 
 West Arch Street Church 65 
 
 West Market Street 10 
 
 West Park in 
 
 Westminster Church 11 
 
 West Philadelphia 79 
 
 West Walnut Street 6e 
 
 Whitfield's College 34 
 
 Will's Hospital 68-137 
 
 Windmill Island 96 
 
 Wissahickon Creek 108 
 
 Woman's Medical College 77 
 
 Woodland Cemetery 86 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS. 
 
 J. W. GILBOUGH, 
 
 Ho. 114 South Third Street, Philadelphia. 
 STOCKS, BONDS, Etc. 
 
 BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION. 
 
 Commercial Paper and Loans Negotiated. Correspondence Solicited. 
 
 WILLIAM BURWELL. 
 
 GEORGE BURWELL. 
 
 WM. BURWELL & BROTHER, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF FINE 
 
 AND 
 
 PLAIERS AND GILDERS OF ARTICLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 
 No. 236 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 We make a specialty of making First-Class Goods only. Having the requisite 
 facilities, we can do the best work at reasonable prices. Replating Table- Ware done in 
 the best manner, at short notice. 
 
 Price Lists for new Ware, and also for Re-Plating sent by mail, upon application. 
 
 Orders by mail promptly attended to. ENGRAVING neatly executed. 
 
 i^aaufactnieis and i§ealers in 
 
 SOCIETY GOODS, 
 
 Gold and Silver Laces, 
 
 Fringes and Embroideries, 
 Ball Badges, 
 
 Fire Hats, Caps, Belts, 
 Horns, Shirts, Lanterns, 
 Torches, Plumes, Gloves, 
 
 REGALIA. BANNERS and FLAGS OF ALL 
 NATIONS. 
 
 PIONEER SHIRTS, HATS, BELTS AND 
 REGALIA FOR CATHOLIC SOCIETIES. 
 
 No. BIO Race Street, Philadelphia. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 185 7. 
 
 212 SOUTH EIGHTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 WOULD INVITE THE ATTENTION OF COLLECTORS TO HIS EXTENSIVE STOCK 
 
 OP' 
 
 Coins, Medals, Minerals, Fossils, Gems, Antiques, 
 Shells for Collection and Work, 
 
 Articles of Vertu, 
 
 Postage, Revenue, Match, Proprietary and Department Stamps, 
 India, Canton, Sevres and Piare China, 
 
 Clocks, Watches, Candlesticks and Snuffers, 
 Indian Stone Implements and Pottery, 
 Bronzes, Mosaics, Seals and Armor, 
 Pipes, Birds Eggs and Nests, 
 
 Engravings and Scrap Prints. 
 
 IDOLS FROM INDIA AND CHINA, SKELETONS AND CRANIA, 
 
 Crests and Monograms, Corals and Sponges, 
 
 Stamp and Monogram Album.s, Etc. 
 
 liTOtiji k pialia^* 
 
 UNITED STATES REVENUE, MATCH, MEDICINE, PROPRIETARY, DEPARTMENT 
 AND CONFEDERATE STAMPS, 
 
 COINS, CHINA AND CURIOSITIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 f 
 
 N. B. NEW GOODS RECEIVED DAILY. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 G. P. N.SADLER. 
 
 C. E. B. URCH. 
 
 JICH, 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEERa 
 
 TIY 
 
 'f 
 
 No. 518 WALNUT STREET, 
 
 (Room No. 15,) 
 
 Particular attention given to Railroad Works, Water Supply 
 
 and Drainage of Towns, laying out of Parks for Suburban 
 
 Residences, Cemeteries, and Subdivision of Lands. 
 
 MMFBMENCBB, 
 
 W. F. ALLEN, C. E., No. 233 S. Fifth St., Phila. TATLOW JACKSON, No. 520 Walnut Street. 
 
 EDGAR N. BLACK, Hog Island, Delaware. A. J. WOMELSDORF, C. & M. E., Pottsville, Pa. 
 
 E. W. WOODWARD, Pres. L & St Louis HEBER S. THOMPSON, Engineer Girard Estate, 
 RR., Indianapolis, Ind. Pottsville, Pa. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Manufactory and Salesrooms. 
 
 iiBSfMill ilif llli i 
 
 FIFTH AND CHERRY STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 MANUFACTUEEES AND IMPOETEES OF 
 
 (p'l '» /ii TP\v 111 •* 
 
 
 '»f 
 
 We keep constantly on hand a large and varied assortment of MATERIALS and 
 TRIMMINGS suited to all the above branches. A large assortment of 
 
 Silk, ^nv.iing andjifzi^lin Flags 
 
 On hand and made to order. Also 
 
 Banner Silks, Bunting, Staffs, Eagles, Ornaments, Spears, 
 
 BALLS, CORDS AND TASSELS, FRINGES, COVERS, BELTS, 
 And all articles needed for Flag and Banner Trimming. The trade supplied. 
 1^° Mail orders and inquiries shall have prompt attention. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS, 
 
 OFFICES: 
 
 COKHOIxIxY BROTHERS. 
 
 No. 108 S. Fourth St. (Provident Building) Philadelphia. 
 No. 608 Ninth Street, Washington, D. G-. 
 
 Terms : No charge for preliminary examination. No fees in advance. No fees 
 unless successful. No fee until the patent is allowed. Manual free on application. 
 
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 CANE AND UMBRELLA EMPORIUM, 
 
 " Canes a Specialty." 
 
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 •si fc^l 
 
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AD VERTJSEMENTS. 
 
 GRANT, FAIRES & RODGERS, 
 
 BOOK, lEWgPAPEK A¥B JOB 
 
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 9) 
 
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 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Letter-Press Printing in all its branches 
 
 PROMPTLY AND CAREFULLY EXECUTED. 
 
 ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS. 
 
 ESTABLISHED, NEW YORK, 1815. REMOVED TO PHILADELPHIA, rS23. 
 
 :ph:tXjA.td:ei_.x^I5:xj^, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 ^-T^^U^I^ 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 m 
 
 1 1"," 
 
 CillliL lilifi! GDI 1 
 
 D 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF E>HlJLiA.DEL£>HIA., 
 
 " Proclaim lib. rty throughout tke land, to all the iuhabitaiits thereof." 
 
 PUBLISHED BY CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 
 
 Nos. 624, 626 and 628 Market Street, Philadelphia, 
 
 Exhibits distinctly the routes passed over by the various colored cars, in lines of a cor- 
 responding color. It shows the position of all railroad and street car depots, hotels, 
 places of amusement, parks, cemeteries and public buildings. 
 
 Secondary streets are omitted to avoid confusion, and the width of those remaining 
 is increased, that the routes may be more readily followed. The scales are expressed 
 in miles and metres. 
 
 It IS a compact pocket manual which for clearness and interest is not surpassed by 
 any popular map of its kind in existence. It makes an excellent reference map for 
 offices, when mounted upon the spring balance roller. 
 
 The reverse side contains a MAP OF THE CITY AS IT WAS ONE HUNDRED 
 YEARS AGO, thus marking the progress of a century. 
 
 It is accompanied by a tabular statement of all the important data concerning the 
 horse car lines, and an explanation of the map in English, French and German. 
 
 Size of Map 28 by 28 inches. Price, in pocket form, 75 cents; mounted on spring 
 map roller, $i,. 
 
 ^g" Efficient canvassers wanted. Apply to the Publishers. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 AND 
 
 The International Exhibition 
 
 AT 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 By CHARLES S. KEYSER. 
 
 ^btlj jfxliljon. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, 
 
 624, 626 & 628 MARKET STREET. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Contains a full description of the Grounds and the Exhibition Buildings, with Illus- 
 trations. Price, in fancy paper cover, 75 cents, and in cloth ornate ^i.oo. Sent by- 
 mail postage prepaid, on receipt of the price of the book, to any part of the United 
 States. Efficient canvassers wanted. Apply to the publishers. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1874, by William Syckelmoore, in the office of 
 the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 THE OENTENIsriAL CITY. 
 
 SYCKELMOORE'S ILLUSTRATED 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 ONE HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS, A MAP OF THE CITY, 
 
 AND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY PAGES 
 
 OF DESCRIPTIVE MATTER. 
 
 Price Fifty Cents; or, bound in fine cloth, one dollar. 
 
 This work contains more descriptive matter, combining a greater amount of inte- 
 resting detail than any work relating to Philadelphia heretofore published. 
 
 RESIDENTS of our city should buy a copy for their own use, because it contains 
 an account of many matters of interest not generally known. 
 
 STRANGERS should have it, because there is no work in existence from which they 
 can learn so much. 
 
 MERCHANTS should send copies of it to their correspondents, to show them the 
 great attractions of Philadelphia. 
 
 All anticipating a visit to the CENTENNIAL should have a copy forwarded to 
 them, to show them the capacity of our city for the Great World's Fair of 1876. 
 
 GikXJOH. REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER. 
 
 Nos. 624, 626 and 628 Market St., PMladelpMa. 
 
 ' W. SYCKELMOORE, PRINTER, 506 MINOR STREET. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 "Unadulterated Liquors Only." 
 
 T« DILL0 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 (Om. 
 
 i ^Mii^^i^^ 
 
 
 No. 42 South Fourth Street, 
 No. 609 Chestnut Street, 
 No. 933 Arch Street, 
 No. 827 Walnut Street, 
 
 No. 337 South Front Street 
 No. 340 South Fourth Street, 
 
 N. W. Cor. Fifth and Lombard Streets. 
 Cor. Darby Road and Market St 
 N.W. cor. 39th # Warren Sts. 
 
 PHILADELPH I A. 
 
 FAMILIES SUPPLIED WITH PURE WINES AND LIQUORS FOR MEDI- 
 CINAL PURPOSES, 
 
 AT 'WHOLESALE PRICES. 
 
 Also, IMPORTED and DOMESTIC ALES and BROWN STOUT for 
 
 FAMILY USE. 
 
 Orders left at any of the above branches will receive prompt attention. 
 
 £ T. DILLON. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 H. A. OESTERLE, 
 
 No. 848 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 SOLE AGENOY for E. DUVIARD— DIME & OIB, 
 
 i:m:i=oe-tee. .^d^id 2!.d:.A.:LTTj:p.A.OTTJiaEE, oip 
 
 REGALIAS, SOCIETY GOODS, BANNERS, 
 
 HATS, CAPS, BADGES, MEDALS, 
 
 Ho. 848 NORTH SIXTH STREET. PHILADELPHIA. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS, 
 
 THOS.J.ANDRESS&CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 CONFECTIONERS' MACHINES 
 
 Mso, Druggists' Moulds, Powder Folders, 
 
 ETC., ETC., 
 
 I®i. ill mi 111 flit El.,, f MMi. 
 
 PECORA PAINTS. 
 
 These Paints, after a test of twelve years, have been found to wear 
 much longer and cost less than lead paints. Furnished by the pound, or 
 by the gallon, ready for use. 
 
 Office, No. 150 Uorth 4th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 N. B. White and all colors. A good Roofing Paint at $1.25 per 
 gallon. 
 
 THOMAS P. DILLON, 
 
 I®. 4 %m\\ ii?®itk Stetet mi lo. 11 ^mW ImW %\m%\, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 FINE OLD RVE WHISKEV, 
 PURE OLD BRANDY, 
 
 HOLLAND AND OLD TOM GIN, 
 
 BASS'S IMPORTED ALES, on Draught and in Bottles. 
 GUINESS' " STOUT 
 
 Families supplied with PURE LIQUORS, at the lowest rates. 
 
 HS;nsH^*£5ckmaH 
 
 Insurance Agents. 
 
 State Agency, 404 Walnut St. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 Snrpons' Baniage Mimte, 
 
 No. 14 NOETH NINTH STBEET. 
 
 B. C. Everett's Patent Graduating Pressure 
 Truss has cured Rupture of Fifty-eight years 
 standing. Elastic Abdominal Supporters, Elas- 
 tic Stockings, Shoulder Braces, Anus Bandages, 
 Suspensories, Crutches, Deformity Instruments. 
 Fifty years' experience. Lady attendant. 
 
 NOTICE — Remember the name and number. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Life Insurance Company, 
 
 Office, ir@« ill Ctoeetomt Steeet, 
 
 Incorporated 1847. 
 
 Dividends paid over $2,600,000, 
 Losses paid S3.000,000. 
 
 :w 
 
 lOf^r 
 
 Income for 1874, S 1 ,300,000. 
 
 Oast Dividends declared annually. 
 
 Assets S5,000,000. 
 
 The Penn is the only entirely Mutual Life Company chartered by the State of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 All of its surplus Premiums are returned to its members every year, thus furnishing 
 them Insurance at the lowest passible cost. 
 
 All of its policies are non-forfeitable for their value after the third annual payment. 
 
 Particular attention is called to the Life-Rate Non-forfeitable Endowment Policy, 
 which, while giving protection to the family of the assured in case of his early deith, 
 also provides, at moderate rates of premium, a fund for future support should he reach 
 old age. 
 
 SAMUEL a. HUEY, President. 
 
 §11111, 1. Sf ills, ?iee=PfesiieiL 1, S. Sf If HIS, 11 ?Iee=Fres't.. 
 
 AGENTS WANTED THROUGHOUT THE STATE. 
 
 WITH WHOM LIBERAL ARRANGEMENTS WILL BE MADE. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 W. W. HARDING, 
 
 (publisher and (Importer of 
 
 FAMILY BIBLES 
 
 PULPIT BIBLES, 
 
 FINEST AMERICANS ENGLISH EDITIONS, 
 
 IN AI_L_ SIZES AND STYLES, 
 (And (Manufacturer of 
 
 [qiri 
 
 (Both Linen Guard and Patent Chain Back,) 
 
 1®. 11© oii^f If f siiiif , mmAmimm, 
 
 (Second door below Seventh.) 
 
 E^" CARS FROM THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS and from all parts of the city, BRING 
 VISITORS ALMOST TO THE DOOR. 
 
 For nearly half of THE CENTURY just closing HARDING'S EDITIONS 
 
 of the BIBLE have been before the public, and they are too well and favorably 
 known to need our praises. But recently many NEW and Elegant Styles have been 
 added to the list, and Iinprove77ients have been made in the mechanical execution of 
 these editions, rendering them still more acceptable. Attention is especially invited to 
 the rich Cx/<3r</ styles of binding. 
 
 PULPIT EDITIONS— Large type. 
 
 FAMILY EDITIONS— (With and without auxiliary matter, such as Bible Dic- 
 tionary, History, Photograph Leaves, etc.) 
 
 POCKET EDITIONS.— Oxford, Bagster, and other fine editions. 
 
 TESTAMENTS AND PRAYER BOOKS. 
 
 A very extensive line of PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, 
 Albums for Vieius. 
 
 StereosGopic and Graphoseopie Albums, 
 
 Photo- Auto graph Albums, etc., etc. 
 
 W. W. HARDING, 
 
 No. eso CHESTNUT Street, Philadelphia. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 <m 
 
 DBLISpD ^VERY ^FTERK[pON 
 
 8XT»TID.A."S-S EISCOBFTElla, 
 
 108 e&wtH ®iiia» m- 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 THE EVENING TELEGRAPH is an independent Republican Journal, 
 occupying a broad and liberal platform, and advocating earnestly and impartially such 
 a local and national policy as appears conducive to the best interests of the city and 
 country at large. 
 
 From the time of its establishment, THE EVENING TELEGRAPH\2a been 
 in receipt of the telegraphic news from the New York Associated Press, and since 
 March, 1870, it has been the only afternoon paper published in Philadelphia which 
 receives the Associated Press despatches — an exclusive privilege which enables it to 
 lay the news of the day before its readers more than half a day in advance of all its 
 contemporaries. 
 
 The current news, when important, is always supplemented by full explanatory 
 articles, for the preparation of which The Telegraph possesses unrivalled facilities; 
 a large share of space is devoted to literary, art, musical and dramatic criticism ; the 
 most striking editorials from the leading journals of the world are reproduced, entire, 
 and without regard to their political bias ; and a special feature is made of the current 
 literature of the day, both foreign and domestic. 
 
 kddress, CHARLES E. WARBURTON. Publisher, 
 
 108 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS. 
 
 IPTJT 
 
 03sr 
 
 THE MOST EFFICACIOUS VIRTUE 
 
 Because, wounded nature restores itself when thoroughly kept from at- 
 mospheric action. Science acknowledges Cosmoline to be a perfect applica- 
 tion and protection from oxygen. No rancidity or decomposition, as with 
 organic substances. Results are astounding. The suffering should know it. 
 Any inflammation, old and corrupt sores, eruptions and sloughing wounds 
 yield to it. It is nature's faithful ally in the struggle. For Burns, Scalds, Cuts, 
 Bruises, Boils, Blisters, Chafing, Poisons, Bites, Piles, Itching, Tetter, Salt 
 Rheum, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Mumps, Sore Throat, Coughing, Frosted 
 Limbs, Chapped Skin ; whoever uses it recommends it. 
 
 THE POMADE OF COSMOLINE 
 
 Is equally wonderful in its tonic, detergent and healthful action on the glands 
 and hair. Unlike animal or vegetable pomades, which absorb oxygen, de- 
 compose, generate heat and destroy the hair, this never becomes rancid, 
 nor loses its rich perfume. It cures all scalp diseases, keeps the hair soft, 
 glossy, and free from gum. 
 
 Ask any druggist for Plain Cosmoline or for Cosmoline Pomade : 50 cents 
 a bottle, with the above trade mark, and the name of E. F. HOUGHTON 
 & CO., Philadelphia. 
 
AD VER TI SEME NTS. 
 
 "The Best and Cheapest Sunday-school Library." 
 
 (FM 
 
 §ifty ^hoice illustrated Volumes, 16mo., bound in ^uslin, and not in any other 
 
 ^ elect library. 
 
 This Library contains over 12,000 printed pages, illustrated by 212 large full page, fine 
 engravings, and many of the smaller size. 
 
 All the volumes in this Library are valuable and instructive. The price of the Library 
 is $26.00, from which we make a discount of TWENTY per CENT, to Sunday-schools, 
 making the 
 
 Wet Price for Fifty Large Books ^ only $20.80, 
 
 Sold only in Sets.— Send for a complete Catalogue. 
 
 Books of the size of these in this Library are usually sold at from^i.oo to ^1.25 each. 
 Nothing like this Library has been offered for such a small sum. 
 
 PUBLLSHED BY THE 
 
 AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION, 
 
 No. 1 122 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. — Alex. Kirkpatrick. 
 Nos. 7, 8 and lo Bible House, New York — G. S. Scofteld; No. 40 Winter Street, 
 Boston — E. Shute; No. 98 Dearborn Street, Chicago — W. R. Port; No. 207 North 
 Sixth Street, St. Louis — S. Paxson. 
 
 illiamMo Wilson &Co. 
 
 IMPORTING, PACKAGE AND JOBBING 
 
 DRUGGISTS, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 l,F,fOMPm,JIl.(IM. 
 
 SUPERIOR OAK-TANNED 
 
 Northwest Corner of 
 
 Randolph # Jefferson Sts., 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 Iti^ Orders hy post immediately attended to. 
 
 SEND FOK PRICE LIST. 
 
 My new revised and enlarged Catalogueof PRAC- 
 TICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, 96 pages, 
 8vo. , will be sent, free of postage, to any one who 
 will favor me with his address. 
 
 HENRY CAREY BAIRD, 
 Industrial Publisher, 406 Walnut St. , Philada. 
 
AD VER TISEMENTS. 
 
 A« 4. 1 ANDEH, 
 
 3srO. 1409 OHIESTHsrXJT STKyEET, 
 
 iPfilJ 
 
 SLIPPERS, SOFA CUSHIONS, RUGS, 
 
 AFGHANS, PATTERNS, SILK, CHENILLE, BEADS, 
 
 FRENCH AND GERMAN FANCY GOODS, 
 E^" All kinds of FANCY WORK done to order. 
 
 J.G. DITMAN&CO., 
 
 AND MANUFACTURERS, 
 
 Nos. 506 AND 508 MINOR STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 Papers of every description made to order. 
 
 The largest stock of Book, News, Manilla, Writing and Ledger 
 Papers in the city. 
 
AD VERTISEMEMTS. 
 
 - ENGINEERS 
 
 CONTRACTORS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF 
 
 Hewport and Cincinnati, 420 ft. Bellair, 350 ft, Parkersbnrg, 350 ft. Stnebenville, 320 ft 
 
 Oubnque, 360 ft. Kansas City, 360 ft. Keokuk and Hamilton, 387 ft. South Amboy, 472 ft 
 
 rairmount, Phzla., 343 ft. St. Louis, 515ft. 
 
 WROUGHT IRON ROOFS, WROUGHT IRON GIRDERS, 
 
 WELDLESS CHORD LINKS, ROLLING MILLS. 
 
 Album of Designs sent on application. 
 
 OFFICE and WORKS, PITTSBURGH, Pa. 
 
 \%mm^% 
 
 J. H. LINVILLE, President. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 A. M.COLLINS, SON & CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 FOR 
 
 I@, IJ i. illf 1 mi I@. i ilS4f f 1 ill 
 
 !).jy 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 PATENT IMPROVEO'teRAPPLE-BREDSEi' 
 
 S HAW S PATENT QUN POWDEB PI LE-DJHVER. 
 
 ILDER8 OF STEAM DREDGING MACHINES, 
 
 GUNPOWBER PILE-DRIVERS, &c. 
 
 CONTRACTORS FOR 
 
 IMPROVING RIVERS AND HARBORS, 
 
 RECLAIMING AND FILLING LOW LANDS, 
 
 PILING FOR FOUNDATIONS, PIERS, Etc. 
 
 Offices, No, 10 South Delaware Ave,, VTiilad'a. 
 
AD VERTISEMENTS. 
 
 Til mmi 4M FAVOEITI lOUTl 
 
 From Philadelphia to the 
 
 LEHIGH and WYOMING COAL REGIONS, 
 
 NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 ELMIRA, ITHACA, ROCHESTER, 
 
 SCRANTON, AUBURN, 
 
 BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS, 
 THE GREAT LAKES AND CANADA, 
 
 SEVEN THROUGH TRAINS, DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAYS. 
 
 7 P. M. (EXPRESS) DAILY FOR BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS AND THE WEST. 
 FILLIII SLEEPIMG CIIS ITTIClIi. 
 
 TICKET OFFICES:— YIY-XU and CHESTNUT Streets; No. 732 CHESTNUT Street, and at 
 Passenger Depot, BERKS and AMERICAN Streets. 
 
 ELLIS CLABK, General Agent. 
 
 Mann's North Pennsylvania Baggage Express will collect and deliver baggage. 
 Office, No. loi South FIFTH Street. 
 
 G. KINDSVATER, 
 
 MANUFACTUKER OF 
 
 MOROCCO, SHEEP SKINS, 
 
 All Mil fMIli IQiil llilS, 
 
 S. W. CORNER OF OXFORD AND RANDOLPH STREETS, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Always on hand a good assortment of Tampico, Cape Curacoa, Madras and Patna 
 Pebbles, Grains, Oil, Kid, Fancy Colors, &c. Striped Goat Bindings and Bookbinder's 
 Leather; Maroon, Blue, Yellow, Red, and White Sheepskins; Alum Tanned Horse 
 Hides for Base Ball Covers and Whip Lashes. 
 
 N B. The highest cash price paid for Green and Salted Horse Hides and Goat- 
 skins. 
 
 C. K. & W. D. HAMMITT, 
 
 GENERAL. ADVERTISING AGENCV, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
AD VER Tl SEME NTS. 
 
 
 ^. S^S C^ffQ^'M^a^ 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 The Advantages offered by this estabhshment are : 
 
 1. An unequalled assortment of Job Types. 
 
 2. Every new production of American Foundries added to our stock. 
 3- First-class workmanship. 
 
 4. 'Work done when promised. 
 
 5. The same care taken with the smallest as with the largest work. 
 
 6. A complete assortment of the modernized Old Style Faces of 
 Type, so much admired by authors and others. 
 
 7. A national reputation for superior work. 
 
 8. Estimates sent to any part of city or country, on receipt of a 
 postage stamp. 
 
o 
 
 SNYDER'S CELEBRATED BITTER CORDIAL 
 
 LEARN THE CORDIAL A, B, C, BY HEART. 
 
 , IT WILL BE BETTER THAN A BARREL OF ORDINARY MEDICINE. 
 
 {x] A is for Adam, who was the first man ; 
 
 ^ xTl He got out of the way before Snyder began. 
 
 H "|~> stands for blunders the doctor men make, 
 
 fn -CD When they tell the poor patients what physic to take. |_^ 
 
 ^^ /^ is our Cordial, the best ever made, ^CJ 
 
 r£l V^ Throwing all other cordials completely in shade. ^ 
 
 [V, "|~\ for Diseases, Dyspepsia and so forth ; ^ 
 
 p^ X-l When you take Snyder's Cordial they rapidly go forth. |__i 
 
 K 'W7\ for Economy. Good plan to try it ; H^ 
 
 W X-i Our Cordial is only a dollar. Go buy it. I 
 
 PTT' is for Feminine ailments and woes, l-pi 
 
 X^ From which Snyder's Cordial gives rest and repose. ^ 
 
 ^^ /"^ is for Graveyard, for Ghost and for Gout ; LJ 
 
 ^ vJT By the use of the Cordial you keep them all out. ^ 
 
 Hfor the greatest of all blessings, good Health ; ^ 
 
 ^_^ Far better than beauty or wisdom and wealth. ||_^ 
 
 Pti "T the poor Invalid racked with disease ; e^ 
 
 ^ JL Indigestion deprives him of comfort and ease. bd 
 
 Z^^ Y is for Jaundice, so horribly yellow, ^ 
 
 UU xX Rut Snyder brings joy to the worst jaundiced fellow. ^^\ 
 
 I T^ is for Kidney and Kidney Disease ; Vj 
 
 Ft] XV. Take "Snyder" in liberal dose if you please. L^ 
 
 . "1 T is your LiVER. Whate'er your position, H 
 
 r I J-U Snyder's Cordial will keep it in splendid condition. 
 
 HTi yi is your Money. Don't throw it away, vJ 
 
 ^^ JLVL But buy Snyder's Cordial. One dollar to pay. r^ 
 
 ^ TVT for Neuralgia, Nerves stinging with pain; ^ 
 
 Ph JL » After taking the Cordial don't suffer again. 1^ 
 
 -a /^ for Old Fogy, who'd rather be ill rn 
 
 rH \J Than be cured, unless cured by an old-fashioned pill. 
 
 W T3 is for Pleasure you feel when you tell [tJ 
 
 PL| X"^ Your relations and neighbors how soon you got well. J— ^ 
 
 -3 /^ is one Quart — to cure you enough. ^n 
 
 Ph S^ The doctors would say it in Latin, "Quant, suff.'" jH 
 
 ^ "D for Rheumatics, a horrible bore, h[J 
 
 ■ "I X\ just take Snyder's Cordial and suffer no more. Cj 
 
 ■ "1 O is the Stomach you prize as your own, l__j 
 p^ "^ And Snyder, whose Cordial can keep it in tone. r 
 ^ np is for Tonic, safe, simple and sure, 1^ 
 W X Compounded of remedies healthful and pure. 
 
 H U 
 
 But the Cordial has cured him of all of his ills. 
 
 for old Uncle, who used to have Chills, O 
 
 O 
 
 ^ "T r for Vexation dyspeptic folks had ; M 
 
 P) V Thev took Snyder's Cordial, and now they are glad. <^ 
 
 H 
 
 Wfor Worms ot every description ; y 
 
 Take Snyder's great Cordial, the proper prescription. ^ 
 
 ■ ~) "XT' for the 'Xcellent ingredients we take 
 
 t; A^ When Snyder's great Cordial we carefully make. 
 
 ^ -^T- the Young Man who looked skinny and poor; 
 
 O y Snyder's Cordial has made him robust, to be sure. 
 
 Zis the zeal which the public display 
 To buy SNYDER'S CORDLA.L— one dollar to pay. 
 
 H. G. LEISENRING & CO., 
 
 SOI-E I»ROI»JRIEXORS, 
 
 No. 927 SANSOM STREET; PHILADELPHIA. 
 
INO. Cf^^ -^ 
 
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